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The New York Botanical Garden
The LuEsther T. Mertz Library
y Catalpa higiioiiioides
Gift of
Rupert C. Barneby
"Cherished during his watch"
Contr. Nat. Herb., Voi. XI.
Plate I.
Giant Cedars (Thuja PLiCATAi.
In moist land near Elbe. Shield ferns ( polysticlium inunitum) in the foreground and hemlocks
(Tsuga heterophylla) in the background. Keproduced by courtesy of the Forest Service.
^■^
FLORA OF WASHINGTON.
,^v
ADVERTISEMENT.
The United States National Ilerbariunu which was founded by
the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the
Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that
Department until July 1, ISDG, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
culttire, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports
entitled " Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium," begun
in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1002, the National Museum, in pur-
suance of an act of Congress, asstnned responsibility for the publi-
cation. The first seven volumes of the series were issued by the
Department of Agriculture.
Richard Rathbun,
Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ^
U N IT E 1) STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
United States National Herbarium
Volume XI
FLORA OF THE STATE OF
WASHINGTON
By CHARLES V. PIPER
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
19 06
c./-
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Issued October 8, 1906.
PREFACE.
The followino; account of the flora of the State of Washing-ton, by
Prof. C. V. Piper, is based on his study of the phmts of that State
durino- a period of twenty years. This worlv was carried on in chance
liours of leisure and in occasional summer vacations. During most
of the college year 1890-11)00, however. Professor Piper was at the
Gray Herbarium looking up critical material and examining the
specimens of older collectors, especially those upon which publications
had been based. Considerable time was devoted also to other large
herbaria, particularly those of the United States National Museum,
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the
New York Botanical Garden. The private herl)aria of Prof. L. F.
Henderson, of jSIr. Thomas Howell, and of Mv. W. N. Suksdorf were
likewise freely consulted.
^Nlost of the types of the new species published by Professor Piper
in the present work and in earlier papers are in the United States
National Herbarium, and a large part of the whole material on which
this flora is based is also represented there.
In the course of his work Professor Piper examined specimens of
nearly all the collections made within the confines of the State of
Washington, so far as these are to be found in American herbaria.
Thus it was possible to ascertain the identity of nearly all the species
which had been accredited to the State through erroneous determi-
nation. Unfortunately several of the specimens upon which the
names in published lists were based are not now to be found in
the herbaria in which they might be expected. This is true particu-
larly of Cooper's plants and in less degree of those of the Wilkes
Expedition, so that the identity of such plants can only be surmised.
In publications on the collections of Menzies, Douglas, Scouler, and
Tolmie there are many plant names that can be definiteh^ rectified
only by examining the original specimens. It is quite certain also
that the current interpretation of a number of species based on these
(>arly collections is erroneous. Their correction will require an exam-
ination of the types, which are in European herbaria.
With few exceptions no species has been admitted into this flora
unless its author has actually studied Washington specimens.
In the course of the preparation of this work Professor Pijjer be-
came indebted to many botanists for assistance. He states that he
5
6 PKEFACE.
is under especial obligations to Prof. B. L, Robinson, of the Gray
Herljariiim, for kindly counsel, as well as for much aid in the genus
Lupinus; to Mr. Frederick V. Coville, of the National Herbarium,
for his continuous helpful advice; to Dr. N. L. Britton, of the
New York Botanical Garden, Mr. Stewardson Brown, of the Acad-
emy of Sciences of Philadelphia, and Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, of the
Field Columbian Museum, for the privileges of consulting the her-
baria of which they have charge; to Mr. M. L. Fernald, of the Gray
Herbarium, for technical assistance in various genera; to Dr. J. M.
Greenman, of the Field Columbian Museum, for aid in Senecio; to
Mr. A. A. Faton, for a key to the species of Isoetes; to JMr. P. L.
Ricker and Mr. W. F. Wight, of the Department of Agriculture,
for assistance in bibliograpiiy ; to Dr. Theodor Holm and Prof. C. F.
A\lieeler for aid in the genus Carex.
Thanks are extended to the many persons who have favored Pro-
fessor Piper with their collections of Washington plants, especially
Mr. Kirk Whited, of Wenache, Washington ; Prof. R. M. Horner, of
Waitsburg, Washington; Prof. J. B. Flett, of Tacoma, Washington,
and Mr. M. W. Gorman, of Portland, Oregon.
For the privilege of examining their private herbaria Professor
Piper is indebted to Mr. Thomas Howell, of Milwaukee, Oregon ; to
Mr. W. N. Suksdorf, of Bingen, Washington, and to Prof. L. F. Hen-
derson, of Moscow, Idaho.
Frederick V. Coville,
Curator of the United States Nat tonal Ilertxtrhnn.
C 0 X T 1: X 1^ S .
Page.
Introduction 9
The b.itauical explore: s of Washington 10
Menzies 11
Lewis 11
Douglas ---- 13
Scouler 13
Tolniie 14
Gairdner -. 14
Wyeth .__ 14
Nuttall 14
Pickering and Brackenridge 15
Geyer 16
Spalding .. 16
Lyall 16
Jeffrey _. 17
Cooper ^ 17
Collectors since 1860 _ - IT
Phys'ography and geology . . _ _ 20
The Pacific Coastal Plain 20
Th3 Olym- ic Mou tains 21
The Puget Sound Basin 21
The Cascad > Mountains 22
The Okanogan Hi-hlands _• 24
The Columbia Plains 24
The Blue Mount ains ~6
Climate 26
Precipitation 26
Sunshine and cloudi ; e;- s 29
T mperatiire -^0
Western Wf, shington 30
. Eastern Washington 31
Winds ,.. 32
The Zonal distribution of Washington plants 33
Upper Siinoran life a: ea 36
Origin of the Upptn- Sonoran flora 37
Humid Ti ansition area 40
Uplands 41
Bottom lands . 42
Gravelly prairie ; 42
Seashores ; - - 45
Sphaguura bogs . 46
The Coastal strip 40
Arid Transition area 47
The Bunchgrass prairies . . . 48
The Yellow Pine forests ^ 50
C CONTENTS.
The Zonal distribution of Washington plants— Continued. Page.
Origin of the Arid Transition flora . _ 51
The Californian element 51
The Rocky Mountain element ... . 53
The Columbia Basin element - . 52
Comparison of the Humid and Arid Transition floras. 53
The Canadian zone 58
The Hudsonian zone 60
The Arctic zone . . 62
Regions of peculiar botanical interest ... 65
The Olympic Mountains ... 65
The Columbia Gorge . 67
Klickitat County .... 68
Moiint Stuart and the Wenache Mountains 68
The Blue Mountains ... 71
Plants known to occur only in Washington 73
Plants which i)robably will be found to occur in Washington 75
Annotated catalogue of the species of vascular p'ants of Washington 76
Addenda 613
Bil)]iography 615
Geographic index 619
ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
Facing page.
Plate I. Giant cedars ( Tli iija iiJicata ) Frontispiece
II. Toi)ographic map of Washington 20
III. Characteristic vegetation of the bluffs along Piiget Sound 21
IV. Steamboat Rock, in the Grand oulee 25
V. Rainfall map of Washington 28
VI. Sagebrush plains in Yakima County . 36
VII. Forest of red fir ( Pscudotsuga miicronata ) in Washington 41
VIII. Characteristic view in a moist forest . 41
IX. Pasture-like gravelly prairies of Pierce County 42
X. Lnj^iniis rivularis on the gravelly prairies in Pierce County 43
XI. Prairie of bunchgrass {Agv >pyron spicatnin) on the Horse
Heaven Hills. Klickitat Coiinty 48
XII. Range lands near Whita Stone Lake, Okanogan County 48
XIII. View in a coulee near Lyons Ferry 49
XIV. Forest of yellow pine {Pin us xtonderosa) 50
XV. Forest of yellow pine {Finns p)onderosa) 50
XVI. Forest of hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla) ... . . 58
XVII. Subalpine firs [Ahics lafiiocarpa) in Paradise Valley, Mount
Rainier 60
XVIII. Vegetation of the Gorge of the Columbia ! iver 67
XIX. Bunchgrass {Agropyron spicatnin) growing on basalt outcrop-
pings 146
XX. White hellebore ( Veratrum calif ornicum) 196
XXI. Iris missouriensis . . 202
XXII. Lupinus ornatus in low meadows near Wenas 355
MAP.
Map showing the floral areas of the State of Washington In pocket
FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.
INTKODUCTION.
The principal aim of the author in this work is to present a sum-
mary of-our present kno^Yledg■e of tlie vascuhir phmts of Washington
and to call attention to the more important problems, both taxonomic
and ecological, which have become disclosed.
Simple keys to the genera and species are inserted so as to give
the work a wider usefulness.
The nomenclature aims to follow the recently proposed Philadel-
phia Code. In accordance with the rules of this code in the matter of
generic names, it is not improbable that several of those here used
will have to be changed when the necessary bibliographical researches
have been made. As the important synonomy is here given with
each species, there will be little difficulty in coordinating the name
adopted with any other connnonly used heretofore, or which may be
proposed hereafter.
As regards the limitation of species the author has in the main
adopted i: rather conservative attitude. Some of the recently i)ro-
posed species seem well founded even if the differences are slight.
In other cases the species or subspecies seem to be based on too slight
characters and are therefore unworthy of nomenclatorial recogni-
tion. As one's acceptance or rejection of a proposed species depends
in i^art on personal judgment, and in i)art on the evidence available,
attention is, in nearly all cases, called to those which the author
rejects. In all such cases additional material, as well as careful field
notes, is desirable for the better understanding of the forms in
question.
In the matter of the tendency common at present to raise to
generic rank what have heretofore been considered subgenera, the
writer likewise takes a conservative attitude. It is at least doubtful
if the very large number of new names thus occasioned does not more
than counterbalance any advantage argued in favor of the practice.
Certainly the carrying of the practice to such an extreme that genin-a
are considered to be made up of species of similar habit, rather than
to be based on structural characters, seems inadvisable. Xeither does
it impress one as a valid argument that, because in some extremely
natural families the genera must perforce be based on very slig:ht
9
10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
differences, similar characters must be given equal consideration in
all families.
The Pacific northwest is a region with great physiographic and
correspondingly great climatic dilt'erences. In consonance with the
physical factors there are many and striking peculiarities in the dis-
tribution of the plant species occupying this area, and the attempt is
here made on the basis of the Avriter's familiarity with the region,
and the recorded data of others, to determine some of the complex
causes which have brought about the present plant distribution.
It is more than possible that some of the conclusions here reached
or suggested may be based quite as much on our lack of knowledge
as on definite information. A^^iile this may eventually prove to be
the case, the suggestions here advanced may nevertheless serve as
working hypotheses wdien a more complete botanical survey shall be
undertaken.
Many of the data upon which the origin of the present flora of
Washington depends must be sought to the southward, a region here
considered only incidentally, but which must needs be more fully
explored before certain conclusions here suggested can be either veri-
fied or overthrown.
THE BOTANICAL EXPLORERS OF WASHINGTON.
The following brief account of the botanical explorers of Wash-
ington refers to their labors mainly in so far as they concern the
region covered by tliis work. Inasmuch as both Washington and
Idaho were included in Oregon until 18.53, many of the earlier col-
lecti(ms in these States are ascribed simply to " Oregon," though
AVashington and north Idaho are sometimes referred to as " Upper
Oregon," notably in Geyer's explorations. Before the name Oregon
!>ecame attached to the northwest Pacific region the interior portions,
especially south Idaho and eastern Oregon, were more or less vaguely
included in '' ITpper California," a phrase not unusual on Douglas's
plant labels, and quite frequently used in the Botany of Boechev's
Voyage. Still earlier than this the name "" Xew Georgia " wa.-. em-
ployed, mainly for the region l)()rdering Puget Sound and the (lulf of
Georgia. The most vague term of all, " Northwest Coast," has been
made by different writers to include everything from the northern
l)oundarv of California to Prince William Sound, Alaska, and the
approximate meaning of this phrase can be gleaned in each case
where used only by indirect means.
The botanical explorations of Washington are conveniently grouped
into two periods. The first of these includes all the explorers previous
to 1800, namely, Menzies, Lewis, Douglas, Scouler, Tolmie, Gairdner,
^Vyeth, Nuttall, Pickering and Brackenridge, Geyer, Spalding, Jef-
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 11
frey, Cooper, and Lyall. Besides these may be mentioned Mo(^'ino,
who botanized at Nootka Sound, Vancouver Ishind, in 1T*.)2, and
Thaddens Haenke, who was at the same phice in ITOI. Nootka
Sound, an important harbor in early times, was also visited by
Menzies and by Scouler, and (•()nse(iuently is the type locality of
many northwestern s}K'cies.
MENZIES.
Archibald Menzies (1754-1842) was the surgeon and naturalist
with Vancouver during his explorations from 171)0 to 171)5, during
which time a thorough exploration was made of Puget Sound and
adjacent waters, and of the Columbia River as far up as the site of
Fort Vancouver. Previous to this time Menzies had alieady visited
the " North-west Coast" in a trading vessel and had made some col-
lections. Sets of his plants are at Kew and in the British Museum.
A very few are in the Gray Herbarium. In descriptions, Menzies's
plants are connnonly ascribed to the '' Northwest Coast," or to " New
Georgia." A considerable number are definitely known to have been
collected at Nootka Sound, and it would ])erhaps be possible to ascer-
tain the exact source of most of them.
I.EWIS.
In conjunction with William Chirk, Meriwether Lewis (1774-
ISOD) made the famous transcontinental exjdoration in 1804-1800.
All of his botanical collections that concern AVashington plants were
)uade on the return trip in 1800, and it has been possible from the
labels on the specimens and the detailed journals of the expedition to
determine accurately where each specimen was gathered. Most of
these which concern Washington plants were collected, or described,
from Fort Clatsop, near Astoria, Oreg. ; at the Cascades, or " Grand
Pvapids " of the Columbia; at '^ Fort Rock Camp," or The Dalles of
the Columbia ; at Camp Chopunnish, on the Clearwater, opposite the
])resent town of Kamiah, Idaho, and at " Quamash Flats," now
Weippe Prairie, Idaho. Lewis's plants Avere described by Pursh in
1814 in Flora Americae Septentrionalis. A nearly complete set of
Ills specimens is in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. A few of
these are Pursh's actual types, but most of them are duplicates. A
curious fact pointed out by Coues is that whenever Lewis described a
plant in detail in his journal he rarely collected a specimen. This is
notably true of the trees in the vicinity of Fort Clatsop, which Lewis
descrilied wnth considerable care. Rafinesque afterwards gave botan-
ical names to these trees, based wholly on Lewis's desciiptions.
12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM TtlE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DOUGLAS.
David Douglas (17!)0-1834), a Scotch botanist sent out )jy the
London Horticultural Society, made extensive collections in two
journeys, the first from 1824 to 1827. In this journey Douglas
explored the larger portion of what is now Washington and much of
Oregon and Idaho. He returned to England in 1827, traveling over-
land from Fort Vancouver to Hudson Bay, where he fortunately
found a whaling vessel. The second journey occupied the years 1830
to 1833. The summer of 1830 was spent in Washington and Oregon.
From Deceml)er, 1830, to October, 1832, he was in California and the
Hawaiian Islands, whence he again reached the Columbia Kiver
October 23, 1832. The ensuing twelve months were spent in Wash-
ington and Oregon. October 18, 1833, Douglas sailed from the
mouth of the Columbia to the Hawaiian Islands, where he met his
death July 12, 1831.
During all of his trips Douglas kej^t a journal, and this is now in
the possession of the London Horticultural Society. The principal
parts of this journal were published after Douglas's death in the
" Companion to the Botanical Magazine," by Sir W. J. Hooker, in
1830. This paper has recently l)een reprinted by the Oregon Histor-
ical Society. From it the following ej)itome of Douglas's northwest-
ern explorations are drawn :
Eeaching Fort Vancouver April 19, 1825, Douglas spent the first
two months collecting in the immediate vicinity. From June 20 to
August 5 he 1)otanized along the Columbia between Vancouver and
The Dalles. On August 19 he started up the Willamette, reaching
a point 38 kilometers (24 miles) above the falls. The second week
in September he ascended the high mountains on each side of the
Columbia, a very arduous task. On the mountain on the south side,
he discovered Ahies amahilis and A. nohilis. The time from Octo-
ber 22 until November 15 was spent in a trip to the mouth of the
Columbia, thence up the coast to Willapa and Gray harbors. From
the latter place he ascended the Chehalis River and returned to X-aw-
couver down the Cowlitz. Owing to extremely bad weather, all the
collections of this trip were lost. The Avinter was spent at Fort
Vancouver.
March 20, 1820. Douglas started for Fort Walla Walla, now the
site of Wallula, which he reached on the 28th. April 1 he was at
Priest Eapids, April 0 at the mouth of the Okanogan, and April 11
at the mouth of the Spokane, where he remained eight days. Aj^ril
19 he started for Kettle Falls, where much of the time until June 4
was spent. Proceeding overland to Walla Walla, he remained there
until June 19. During the three weeks succeeding he made two trips
into the Blue Mountains. On July 17 he started up the Snake Iliver,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 13
reaching the mouth of the Clearwater July 24. Douglas collected
about the present site of Lewiston and in the adjacent Craig Moun-
tains until the 30th. Jul}^ 31 he started overland for Kettle Falls,
which he reached August 4, going by way of Old Fort 'Spokane.
Here he remained until the 18th, when he proceeded to Fort Okano-
gan on horseback, thence doAvn the Columbia, reaching Vancouver
August 31. The remainder of this season was spent in a trip to the
head of the Umpqua River, where he discovered the sugar pine, near
the present site of Roseburg. On March 20, 1827, he started for
England, going up the Columbia to Kettle Falls on foot. From here
lie made his way across the continent to Hudson Bay, whence he sailed
in a whaling ship.
On Douglas's second journey he reached the Columl)ia June 3, 1831.
]\Iost of this season was spent in the Blue ]Mountains region, where
he collected " one hundred new species '' of plants. From October 10
until December 23 he was at the mouth of the Columbia. From then
until October 23, 1832, he was in California and the Sandwich
Islands. Reaching the Columbia again October 23, 1832, he si:)ent
tlie fall collecting mosses and seaweeds along the coast. In the
spring of 1833 he again ascended the Cohnnbia, reaching Fort Oka-
nogan April 0. The early part of the summer was spent on Fraser
River, but all his collections were lost by the upsetting of his canoe,
and Douglas barely escaped with his life. July 15, 1833, he was
again at Walla Walla, whence he made excursions for the third time
into the Blue Mountains. October 18, 1833, he sailed from the mouth
of the Columbia. The extent and amount of this man's collections
during the three seasons he spent in the Xorthwest almost suipass
belief.
His collections are described in Hooker's Flora Boreali-Americana.
A few of his duplicates are in the Gray Herbarium, but the most
complete set is at Kew.
SCOULER.
Dr. John Scouler (1804-1871) was the companion of Douglas on
Ids first journey. His collections were conhned to the single season
of 1825. During April and May he collected with Douglas mainly
at the mouth of the Columbia and at Fort Vancouver. From June
until September Scouler spent on a trip to Xootka Sound and return,
during which he is said to have visited nearly every harbor along
that stretch of coast. Some of his specimens are labeled " Straits
of de Fuca ; " others " Xootka Sound." Tlie best set is in the Brit-
ish Museum. Scouler's manuscript journal is in the possession of the
Oregon Historical Society and, it is stated, will soon be published.
14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
TOLMIE.
Dr. AV. F. Tolmie (died in ISSO) went to Fort Vancouver in 1832
as a medical officer to the Hudson Bay Company. He had been a
pupil of Sir W. J. Hooker, to Avhom he sent many botanical speci-
mens. Tohnie's duties caused him to travel quite widely in the
Northwest, but little is known of the details of his journeys. He
was the first botanist to visit Mount Rainier, on the slopes of which
he collected in 1837. Tolmie's specimens are mostly labeled " Fort
Vancouver,'' '' Multnomah River,"' and " N. W, Coast." Many speci-
mens collected in the " Snake country " of south Idaho and described
in the Botany of Beechey^s Voyage, are usually accredited to Tolmie,
though he ex^jressly states that they were gathered for him by a
friend.
GAIRDNER.
Dr. Meredith Gairdner, a surgeon of the Hudson Bay Company,
collected a few plants about Fort Vancouver, where he died prior to
1840. His sj^ecimens are at Kew. Garum (jairdncru the finest food
plant of the northwestern Indians, commemorates his name.
WYETH.
Nathaniel Wyeth, the adventurous and enterprising American trav-
eler and trader, crossed the continent on his first journey in 1832.
On his return trip in 1833 he crossed the mountains in north Idaho,
and nuide a small collection of plants on the Flathead River. These
Avere described by his friend, Nuttall, in the Journal of the Phila-
delphia Academy of Sciences, new series, volume 7. Wyeth's jour-
nals were published in 1880 by the Oregon Historical Society.
NUTTALL.
Thomas Nuttall (178G-1859), an Englishman by birth, one of the
most acute and able of American botanists, spent the years 1834 to
1836 botanizing in the West. He was a member of Wyeth's second
expedition, crossing the continent by the " Oregon Trail." He
reached Fort Walla Walla about September 3, 1834, and Fort Van-
couver September l(x On the overland trip Nuttall collected a very
large number of species, considering the circumstances. December 11
he sailed for the Sandwich Islands, returning to the Columbia the
following spring. His headquarters during 1835 were on Sauvie
Island, at the mouth of the Willamette River, then called Wappatoo
Island. Nuttall made but fcAv and short excursions from his base,
apparently finding enough to occupy his energies there. He did,
however, collect about the Willamette Falls, Fort Vancouver, and the
mouth of the Columbia. His original collection is in the British
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 15
Museum, but good sets of his specimens are in the Gray and Torrey
herbaria, and many others are in the Phihidel2)hia Academy of
Sciences.
PICKERING AND BRACKENRIDGE.
Dr. Charles Pickering and ]\Ir. W. I). P)rackenrido-e were the
botanists of the exploring expedition under Connnodore Wilkes.
Their botanical explorations so far as Washington is concerned were
"briefly as follows: IMay 2, 1841, the expedition was at Port Discovery,
remaining there until the 6th instant. On the trip up Puget Sound
stops were made at Appletree Cove and Port Madison. The expedi-
tion reached Fort Nisqually May 11, which place became the
headquarters for the ex^^lorations in the interior. Pickering and
Brackenridge were attached to Lieutenant Johnson's party, which
left Nisqually May 20 and crossed the Cascade Mountains by way of
the Indian trail up White River. They reached the summit on the
2Gth instant, remaining there two days, descending on the east side
down the Spipen or Naches River. Leaving this river near its
mouth the party traveled northward to the Yakima and thence over
the Wenache Mountains to the Wenache River. From here the route
was up the Columbia to F'ort Okanogan, which was reached June 8.
June 10 the journey was resumed eastward uj) the Columbia, and
Fort Colville was reached June 15. From Fort Colv-ille the party
traveled southward, reaching Lapwai, Idaho, on June 25. A two
days' trip from here brought the party to Fort Walla Walla, where
they remained until July 1. From here their route led up the
Yakima and Naches rivers and thence over the mountains by the
outgoing route.
Several other exploring parties were also sent out from Nisqually,
but the onh^ botanical specimens collected by the expedition seem to
have been gathered by Pickering and Brackenridge.
The results are included in two of the large volumes devoted to
the scientific results of the expedition. LTnfortunately the original
labels of the specimens seem in some way to have become intermixed,
with the result that a good many plants confined to eastern Wash-
ington bear such labels as " Port Discovery " and " Nisqually," while
other species confined to western Washington are labeled '' Walla
Walla," or " North Fork of the Columbia." On some sheets eastern
and western Washington species are mixed, and mounted over a
single label. With the details of the party's itinerary known, it is
l^ossible, however, to tell with some accuracy Avhere the specimens
must have been gathered.
16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
GEYER.
Charles A. Geyer, a German botanist who had previously botan-
ized extensively in Illinois, and who later was attached to Nicollet's
expedition, traversed the continent with a party of missionaries, and
in November, 1S43, crossed a high spnr of the " Green " (Bitterroot)
Mountains from the Flathead to the Spokane or Coeur d'Alene River,
and passed the winter at Chamokane Mission, situated on Chamo-
kane Creek, about 10 miles from its jiniction with the Spokane.-
During- the season of 1844 Geyer made excursions northward to Old
Fort Colville on the Columbia, southeastward up the Spokane IJiver
and into the mountains about Lake Canir d'Alene, and southward to
the Palouse River and to Lapwai Mission, near the mouth of the
Clearwater. From here he explored the Craig Mountains of Idaho.
Journeying overland to Fort AValla AValla he descended the Colum-
bia, and reached Fort Vancouver November 13, 1844, whence he
sailed to England.
Geyer's account of the flora of the regions explored by him is re-
ma rkal)ly good. A nearly complete set of his plants is in the (jrray
Herbarium.
SPALDING.
Rev. Henry Spalding was a missionary to the Nez Perce Indians
and founder of Lapwai Mission near the mouth of the Clearwater
River, Idaho. In this vicinity Spalding collected a good many
plants which are in the Gray Ilerbarium. Most of them are labeled
" Clearwater, Oregon," but inasmuch as a number of them have not
since been found near Lai)wai it is not improbable that they were col-
lected elscAvhere. Spalding traveled quite extensively in the course
of his labors, and doubtless gathered some of his specimens at other
places than Clearwater, as, indeed, some few of the labels indicate.
His notes on the Indian food plants are most interesting and often
quite detailed. According to the testimony of his son, the late H. H.
Spalding, the specimens were largely gathered by his mother.
LYALL.
Dr. David Lyall was the surgeon and botanist attached to the In-
ternational Boundary Survey. His work, so far as it relates to
Washington, was during the years 1858 to 1860, inclusive. During
1858 lie made collections on Vancouver Island and on the smaller
islands and the mainland near the forty-ninth parallel. In 1851) the
western slopes of the Cascades near the boundary were exi)loi-ed. In
18()0 the surveyors went up the Columbia, di\'iding at The Dalles
into two parties. One party, which Lyall acconq^anied, traveled in
a northerly direction, past Fort Simcoe, across the Naches and other
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASlIINtiTON. 17
tributaries of the Yakima, thence over the A\\'iiaehe Mountains to
the Cohimbia, which was reached just below the mouth of the Wena-
che. From here the party followed the Columbia and Okanogan to
Lake Osoyoos. Following up the Similkameen and Ashnola the
party formed a camp at 1,()T0 meters (5,480 feet) elevation on the
boundary, where they remained some time.
The other party proceeded to Fort Walla AValla and thence north-
ward, crossing the Snake at the mouth of the Palouse and })assing
Kock Lake on the route to Fort Colville. The collections of this
party were made by John Buttle, but the specimens seem all to be
credited to Lyall. During the year ISOO the survey was completed
nearly to the Idaho line.
LyalPs account of his botanical observations is brief, but very inter-
esting. A nearly comj^lete set of his plants is in the Gray Herbarium.
JEFFBEY.
John Jeffrey, a Scotch botanist, was sent out by some patrons to
collect the seeds of plants of horticultural interest in the region
traversed by Douglas, " to complete his researches, and to extend them
into those parts of the country not fully explored by him." Jelfrey
was at Fort Colville May 13, 1851, reaching that point from the
northward. During this season he spent much of the time in north-
ern Washington and adjacent British Cohimbia. Late in the season
he was on JNIount Baker. In May of the following year Jefi'rey was
at Fort Nisqually, and during June and July at Fort Vancouver.
His remaining explorations were all southw^ard.
Very little is known of Jeffrey's specimens, as none exist in Ameri-
can herbaria, and but little has been published concerning them.
COOPER.
Dr. J. G. Cooper collected in various jDortions of Washington
from 1853 till 1855, in connection with the Stevens Survey of the
forty-eighth parallel. An annotated list of his plants, including
also some collected by Dr. George Gibbs and Dr. G. Suckley, is pub-
lished in the Pacific liailroad Reports, volume 12, part 2.
COLLECTORS SINCE 1860.
Among botanical collectors since 18G0 none has done more to
explore the flora of the State than Mr. W. N. Suksdorf, of Bingen,
who for twenty-five years past has been an assiduous student of plants.
His most important collections -have been made in Klickitat County,
but he has gathered much material also in Spokane and Whatcom
counties, and elsewhere. Sets of his plants are in all the principal
294-18—06 M 2
18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
herbaria, while his priAate collection is among the best in the North-
west.
Mr. Thomas Howell, whose long and extensive labors have mainl}'
been limited to Oregon, has nevertheless collected nmch in Washing-
ton, esjDecially in the connties bordering on the Columbia. Mr.
Howell's herbarium is now in the possession of the Oregon State
University, but sets of his plants are Avidely distributed. A con-
siderable collection of Klickitat County plants was also made by Mr.
Josejjh Howell.
Professor L. F. Henderson, wdio has also collected much in Oregon,
gathered rich material in the Olympic Mountains in 1800, and in
1892 traveled over much of the State to make a collection for the
Columbian World's Fair. This is now^ in the State University at
Seattle. Professor Henderson's i:)rivate herbarium, one of the most
comjjlete in its representation of North Pacific plants, was luifor-
nately burned in the recent fire that destroyed the main building of
the University of Idaho.
Mr, T. S. Brandegee, Mr. Frank Tweedy, and Prof. E. W. Hilgard
w^ere associated with the North Transcontinental Survey organized
in connection with the Northern Pacific Railway under Villard's
presidency. In connection with this work extensive collections were
made, especially by Brandegee, in Walla Walla, Yakima, and Kitti-
tas counties. The best set of these plants is in the Canby Herbarium,
now- in the Ncav York College of Pharmacy.
Dr. Sereno Watson visited Washington in 1880 in connection with
the Tenth Census Survey of the forests. He made small collections
at Yakima Pass, Lake Chelan, Fort Colville, and Spokane. The
specimens are in the CJray Herbarium.
Charles A. Rannn collected a small set of plants in 1883 in Spokane
County, which were sent to Doctor Gray.
Mr. George R. Vasey made extensive collections for the Department
of Agriculture in 1889, principally in Yakima, Kittitas, and King
counties. Sets of his plants are in the principal herbaria. His
specimens, unfortunately, lack data regarding their exact place of
collection.
Mr. F. Binns collected plants from 1888 to 1890 about Port Ludlow,
and sent them to the Gray Herbarium.
Rev. Ernest C. Smith botanized in the vicinity of Seattle in 1889
and 1890, in the latter j^ear making collections on Mount Rainier.
Dr. E. L. Greene collected in 1889 about Clealum, Yakima, and on
Mount Rainier.
Mr. J. M. Grant sent a few plants to the Gray Herbarium, col-
lected in the Olympic Mountains in 1889.
INIrs. Susan Tucker made collections near Cheney in 1889, and again
in 1903.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 19
Prof. E. II. Lake and INIr. W. K. Hull collcctcMl in 181)2 in the Blue
Mountains, and later in Douii'las and Chelan counties.
Messrs. Sandherg and Leiherg, collecting- for the Department of
Agriculture, botanized along the Great Northern Railway from
Spokane to the summit of the Cascade Mountains in 1S93. Their
collections are very large and valuable. During the preceding year
these same botanists, together with Dr. D. T. MacDougal and Mr.
A. A. Heller, collected in Latah and Nez Perce counties, Idaho, inci-
dentally gathering plants at a few adjacent points in Washington.
Prof. J. B. Flett has been active in studying the flora of the State
since 181)5. He has made extensive collections in the ()lyni])ic Moun-
tains, on Mount Kainier, about Taconui, in Island County, and in
the Mount Adams region.
Mr. O. D. Allen during the year 1805, and subsequently, has pre-
])ared exquisite sets of specimens from the region about Mount
Eainier. His plants are in all the leading herbaria.
Mr. A. D. E. Elmer botanized in 180C) in Whitman County; in
1897 in Okanogan and Kittitas counties; in 1808 about Mount Stuart,
and in 1000 in Clallam County. His specimens are in many herl)aria.
Prof. E. M. Horner made fine sets of the plants of the Blue Moun-
tains in 1800 aiul 1807. A complete set of his plants is in the
National Herbarium.
Mr. N. L. Gardner collected in 1807 and 1808, mainly about
Coupe ville.
INIr. M. W. Gorman secured a fine set of ])lants in the Washington
Forest Eeserve in 1807 for the National Herbarium. He has also
collected in Klickitat County and elsewhere.
Mr. F. H. Lamb collected in 1807 in the little known region north-
ward from Grays Harbor. Several herbaria have sets of his plants.
- Mr. A. A. Heller made sets of si:)ecimens in 1808 from the vicinity
of INIontesano. They have been distributed to the leading herbaria.
Mr. Kirk Whited has for several years past made large collections
in Kittitas and Chelan counties, adding much to the knowledge of
that interesting region.
Mr. John S. Cotton has made very extensive collections in central
Washington since 1000, mostly in Yakima County. In 1002 he col-
lected in comjjany with Dr. David Griffiths.
Mr. Frank O. Kreager collected sets of plants in Stevens and Spo-
kane counties in 1003, and the flora of the same region has been
further explored by Prof. E. K. Beattie and Eonald Chapman in
1001.
Mr. H. C. Conrad made valuable collections in 1003 on the Quin-
ault Indian Eeservation of Chehalis County.
Dr. Euhn, LT. S. Army, gathered specimens about Mnckleshoot
Prairie, King County, and sent them to Doctor Gray. The labels
l)ear no dates.
20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Others have iiuide smaller collections of plants in the State. Their
names appear in association with the specimens they gathered.
The writer's j^ersonal observations and collections have been made
in many parts of the State. EsjDecially extensive collections were
made about Seattle, 1885-1892; Mount Rainer, 1888 and 1895;
Olympic Mountains, 1890 and 1895; Union City, 1890; Pullman and
vicinity, 1893-1903; I51ue Mountains, 189G. The earliest of these
collections are in the herbarium of the State University at Seattle;
the remainder are at Pullman, in the State College of "Washington,
The herbarium of the State College, wdiich more than any other is
the basis of this work, contains about 40,000 sheets of Washington
plants, including very full sets of the AVashington collections of
Howell, Henderson, Suksdorf, Vasey, Sandberg and Leiberg, Gorman,
Flett, AMiited, Horner, Lake and Hull, Allen, Elmer, Gardner,
Lamb, Heller, Cotton, Cotton and Griffiths, Kreager, Mrs. L. A.
Bouck, Beattie and Chapman, and Conard. A nearly complete set
of the writer's own collections, including the types of his new species,
is deposited in the National Herbarium. ^
PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY.
The accompanying relief map (PI. II) will render clear the prin-
cipal physiographic features of the State of Washington. It may
conveniently be considered to be made up of seven regions, namely,
the Pacific Coastal Plain, the Olympic Mountains, the Puget Sound
Basin, the Cascade Mountains, the Columbia Basin, the Okanogan
Highlands, and the Blue Mountains.
THE PACIFIC COASTAL PLAIN.
This is a narrow strip of land in immediate proximity to the Pa-
cific Ocean and the Straits of Juan de Fuca. It is watered by
numerous short streams from the Olympic Mountains and from the
low Coast Mountains in Chehalis and Pacific counties. The largest
stream, the Chehalis River, rises in the Cascade Mountains, and its
valley connects the coastal plain with the Puget Sound Basin.
The formation of most of the land is quite similar to that of the
Puget Sound Basin, described below. The distinctive features are,
first, the low strip of sandy land, seldom over a mile wide, formed
by the inland drifting of the ocean sand ; second, the steep rocky
bluffs which face the ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River and
in a few places near Cape Flattery, and third, the coastal plain
proper. This region is characterized by having a very great rainfall,
ranging from 200 to 300 centimeters (80 to 120 inches) annually.
Contr. Nat. Hoib., Vol. XI.
Plate II.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.
Plate 111.
Characteristic Vegetation of the Bluffs along Puget Sound.
The (■(iiivpicuoiis ]>l!iiits are goal.'ibfiiril i .\r\niciis anincus) in tlie centt-r, with thimbleberry
(Rubus ])arvilipnis) on tlie riKht. wiinnwcioii I Artemisia suk.sdortii ) beneath, and Peta-
sites .sjiecidsa in tlie lnwer eorner ui the left.
PIPER— FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 21
THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS.
This is an almost circular group of mountains, Avhich occupies
much of Clallam, JeH'erson, INIason, and Chehalis counties. The
mountains are quite isolated. The_y consist of numerous peaks, vary-
ing in height from 1,800 to over 2,300 meters ((;,000 to 7,500 feet),
the highest being Mount Olympus, altitude '2S)'?,H uieters (8,131 feet).
Owing to their isolated position the drainage froui these mountains
is in all directions, but the largest streams flow into the Pacific Ocean.
Nearly all the streams head in small glaciers.
These mountains are very difficult of exploration, and their geol-
ogy is l)ut little'known. The peaks consist, for the most part, at least,
of a laminated igneous rock which dips at a very steep angle, so that
the sunnnits of the ridges and peaks are often exceedingly narrow,
not rarely indeed being hollowed out beneath by the falling rock.
The age of these rocks is unknown.
The streams have all worn very deep gorges along their courses
almost to the center of the mountains. This is due, perhaps, more
to the soft character of the rock than to the lapse of a great period of
time. This fact, however, renders it exceedingly difficult, and often
impossible, to pass from one dividing ridge to another.
Owing to the circumstance of these mountains standing first in the
path of the moist Pacific Avinds the precipitation of rain and snow is
very great. In exceptional seasons some of the glaciers may ])e of
annual duration only. Such a glacier may disappear entirely by
the end of the summer, the snowfall of the succeeding Avinter being
sufficient to form it again.
The (^lymi)ics are really a portion of the coast system of mountains,
isolated, owing to the fact that the portion of the system in south-
west Washington consists only of hills Avhich rise to little over 300
meters in height, through which the Chehalis Itiver forms a l)road
gap. The portion of the system to the northward is widely severed
by the Straits of Juan de Fuca.
THE PUGET SOUND BASIN.
This term is applied to the broad valley lying l)etween the coast
system of mountains and the Cascades. It has an average breadth
of about 80 kilometers (50 miles). Much of the central portion of the
basin near the head of Puget Sound is comparatively flat, and less
than 30 meters above sea level. Along the greater portion of the
Sound the shores rise abruptly, often in bluffs 30 meters high (PI.
Ill), thence sloping more or less gently into hills 90 to 200 meters
high or more. The basin proper may conveniently be limited for our
purpose by the 700-meter (2,300-foot) contour line.
22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
In its late geological history the region was covered by great glacial
deposits derived mainly from the adjacent mountains. These de-
posits consist of clay, gravel, or sand, often somewhat stratified.
Pure deposits of each 30 meters thick or more are common. The
total thickness of the glacial deposit has been estimated at from
150 to 300 meters.
The whole region is densely timbered with the exception of a
series of small gravelly plains. These are largest and most abundant
in the central part of the basin, but similar ones occur near Van-
couver, and on Whidby and other islands. Likewise the tips of
many of the points projecting into Puget Sound have the same
gravelly soil, accompanied by a characteristic flora and fauna. These
gravelly prairies are plainly formed by flowing water, and are gen-
erally considered to be deposited l)y post-glacial streams. Very
similar prairies occur along the Willamette Valley. They form, in-
deed, an interrupted series from the middle part of that valley north-
ward to Vancouver Island. Owing to the very gravelly soil of these
prairies, they partake of a semiarid condition. Indeed, the flora
contains many species identical with those of eastern Washington.
The drainage of the basin is mainly into Puget Sound, the princi-
pal rivers coming from the Cascades, but the Cowlitz River and
various smaller streams in the extreme southern part of the l)asin,
flow into the Columbia.
These streams for the main part originate in glaciers, and all of
them have formed rather narrow valleys largely of glacial detritus.
THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS.
These mountains vary in breadth from 100 to 125 kilometers (80
to 100 miles) , traversing the State in a course a little easterly of a true
north direction. The altitude of the main uplift varies from 1,800
to 2,100 meters (6,000 to 7,000 feet). The important peaks which
conspicuously exceed this altitude are Mount Baker, in Whatcom
County, altitude 3,335 meters (10,825 feet); Glacier Peak, Snoho-
mish County, said to be 3,214 meters (10,430 feet) high; Mount
Stuart, Kittitas County, 2,903 meters high (9,479 feet) ; Mount
Tiainier, on the dividing line of Pierce and Thurston counties, the
highest peak of the Cascade system, 4,475 meters high (14,530 feet) ;
INIount Adams, Klickitat County, altitude 3,819 meters (12,401 feet),
and Mount St. Helens, Skamania County, 2,947 meters high (9,570
feet). These tall peaks are all capped with perpetual snow, and rise
far above the limits of ordinary plant life. With the exception of
Glacier Peak and INIount Stuart they are all volcanic cones.
The Cascade Mountains form the most important topographical
feature of the State as affecting the distribution of plant life. The
prevailing southwest winds from the Pacific are by them deprived
PIPER FLORA OF TPIE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 23
of most of their moisture, the result being that the region to the east-
ward is not only nuich drier, even to semidesert conditions in limited
areas, but also much warmer in summer. The plants and animals
adapted to such conditions are necessarily very different, as a rule,
from those that thrive in the moist region to the westward.
It is very clear that the Cascades serve as a barrier, primarily
because of the difference in humidity eastward and westward which
they occasion, and not because of their altitude. Many of the passes
over these mountains are but a little over 1,000 meters in altitude, not
FufRciently high even in this period to prevent many plants from
migrating through, especially in the wake of forest fires. As a matter
of fact the rainfall influences the vegetation for a considerable dis-
tance cloAvn the eastern sloj^es of the mountains, the flora of the main
range down to about 1,000 meters altitude being largely composed of
species of the coast region.
In Washington proper no stream traverses the Cascade Mountains,
but on the southern border is the great gap through which the
Columbia Kiver flows. This enormous gorge gives rise to peculiar
local conditions, which find marked expression in the flora. Through
this gap, too, the coastal flora, aided by the prevailing upstream
humid winds, penetrates farther eastward than usual. Still, at the
village of 'Wliite Salmon there is an unmistakable dividing line
between the humid and the semiarid floras.
Nearly all of the many streams that arise in the Cascades flow
through deep gorges, once occupied by glaciers. Indeed, many of the
streams, especially those heading about the higher peaks, still find
their birth in glaciers.
The Cascade range north of the forty-seventh parallel is composed
largely of granite and other metamorphic rocks. Mount Rainier and
the entire range southward to its extremity in northern California is
on the contrary almost entirely made up of volcanic rocks. Recent
investigations in the geology of these mountains disclose in part a
very complex history, but indicate that the principal uplift took place
either in late Pliocene or early Pleistocene time, and subsequent to the
great outpourings of lava that make up most of the region between
the Cascades and the Rockies.
From a liiological point of view the changes brought about by the
Cascade uplift were profound. Undoubtedly it transformed the
climate of the region to the eastward from one relatively moist to one
distinctly arid, and at the same time increased greatly the humidity
of the region to the westward. This climatic change, particularly in
the interior, must have been accompanied by a correspondingly great
change in the, flora. The peculiar make-up of the Columbia Basin
flora of the present time indicates with more or less clearness some of
the resultant effects of the Cascade uplift.
24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
THE OKANOGAN HIGHLANDS.
These mountains occiijiy the northeast portion of the State, inchid-
ing most of Stevens and Ferry counties. To the southward they pass
gradually into the Columbia Plains. To the westward they are
naturally limited by the Okanogan River.
The Okanogan Highlands consist mainly of gently rounded hills,
rising into peaks l,r)00 to 2,000 meters high, (jeologically they are
similar to the northern part of the Cascades, and are composed largely
of granite. The vegetation is nearly identical with that of the eastern
slope of the Cascades. These mountains and those of British
Columbia connect the Cascade system with the Rocky Mountain
system in Idaho. In consonance with the markedly similar conditions
of soil and climate it is not surprising that a iuunV)er of species of the
coast region occur through these mountains and in north Idaho.
THE COLUMBIA PLAINS.
The greater portion of eastern Washington is covered by an im-
mense mass of l)asalt, of an average thickness of at least 1,300 meters.
This mass is the result of a series of lava overflows which involved
not only eastern Washington but also great portions of eastern Oi'egon
ii.nd Idaho, covering in all an area of over 500,000 square kilometers
(200,000 square miles), (leologically this is known as the Columbia
River basalt. It covered in Washington all of the region south of
the Okanogan Plighlands and extended westward from the Bitter-
roots nearly to the present crest of the Cascade Mountains and
beyond this at least in Clarke and Cowlitz counties. The canyon
walls of Snake River and other streams indicate a number of succes-
sive overflows, at least ten, between some of which sufficient time
elapsed for soil to form and forests to grow. The remains of the
latter appear either as charcoal embedded in the soil of old lake bot-
toms, or else as silicified trunks, these often remaining in their origi-
nal vertical positions.
Originally the surface of the lava appears to have been ap]:)roxi-
mately level, but subsequent to the last great overflow a large lake or
else a series of lakes existed in Yakima, Douglas, Klickitat, and
Franklin counties as well as in adjacent Oregon. This was Lake
John Day. Whether this lake merely filled a basin formed beyond
the heads of the last lava flows, or whether it was formed through
the sinking of the surface concomitantly with the commencement of
the uplifting of the Cascade and Blue mountains is not clear.
The deposits formed in the bottoms of Lake John Day consist of
soft sandstone and conglomerates which have largely been removed
by subsequent erosion. The light, ashy soils formed from these de-
posits are very different from the heavy clay loam formed by the
disintegration of basalt.
Contr. Nat. Heib., Vol. XI.
Plate IV.
Ld
— -
_l
^ :^
_)
.« -/
)
O
7 —
O
■^ :,
Z
_ _i:
.— y
1
— —
cc
Z ^
1-
-'
<
/ ,
o
- -
CO
_i ■—
>
^ —
<
r ^
iiJ
c *
h-
cri ^
CO
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASIITNGTON. 25
In some of the John Day rocks remains of phmts and animals
are found which long since have become extinct. These belong to
Miocene-Tertiary time and indicate the existence of a rich and varied
flora, strikingly different from that which occupies the region to-day.
The surface of the Columbia River l)asalt averages about 700 meters
in elevation. kSubsequent to its formation occurred the uplifting of
the Cascade aud Blue mountains. Since that time the geological
history of the region has been mainly one of erosion.
Owing to the soft character of the basalt the i)rincipal rivers have
worn great canyons in it along their courses.. Thus Snake River
where it enters the State flows in a tremendous gorge 000 meters
deep, this gradually lessening to the westward. Where this river
cuts through the Blue Mountains betw^een Washington and Idaho it
exposes 1,300 meters of basalt rock, which is supposed to represent
about the original thickness of the combined lava overflows.
The Columbia River for a great portion of its course has followed
close to the line of contact between the basalt and the older granitic
rocks. In places its canyon is almost as impressive as that of Snake
River.
Besides the canyons now occupied by streams, there are many
others, the abandoned courses of ancient rivers, called coulees. The
most notable of these are Grand Coulee (PI. IV) and Moses Coulee in
Douglas County, 200 to 300 meters deep. These two coulees were
originally enormous cracks in the l)asalt, and have since been greatly
eroded. The bottom of the first named is occupied by a nearly contin-
.lous chain of lakes.
The glacial period has left but small traces of its work in eastern
Washington outside of the mountains. During this time the canyons
of the Snake River and the Columbia were filled to a depth of about
100 meters with gravel, most of which has since been removed. The
upper Spokane Valley is, however, still composed of such glacial
detritus. No evidence of glaciation exists, however, on the surface of
the basalt plateau, excepting in the northern part of Douglas County,
ndrere glaciers crossed the Columbia, thus blocking it and causing
the waters to find a temporary new channel through the Grand
Coulee.
Apparently the gorge of the Columbia River through the Cascade
Mountains was blocked at this same time, resulting in the formation
of a great glacial lake, called Lake Lewis. This seems to have occu-
pied practically the same area as its ancient predecessor. Lake John
Day. Except for ill-defined beaches at an elevation of 420 meters and
occasional erratic bowlders scattered over Yakima and Douglas coun-
ties and doubtless dropped by icebergs, there is little left to show the
existence of this lake.
26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
For the most part the Cohiiiibia River hiva completely covered up
all of the older rocks over which it flowed, these being seen only as
they are revealed in the river canyons. Exceptions to this appear in
peaks which were too hii>li to be overwhelmed, as in the cases of
Steptoe and Kamiak buttes in Whitman County, together with many
others less conspicuous. Steptoe Butte is a granitic cone projecting
about 500 meters above the surrounding l>asalt and, being completely
isolated, is a notable landmark. To designate such isolated buttes, of
wdiich there are many, Ivussell has proposed the term steptoe^ after
the name of this striking example. A steptoe is '" an island of granite
in a sea of basalt." Kamiak butte near Pullman is composed
largely of quartzite.
THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.
The Blue Mountains in extreme southeastern Washington and ad-
jacent Oregon, represent a great uplift of basalt surrounding a
central mass of granite peaks. The portion of these mountains in
Washington is composed Avholly of basalt, elevated to over 2,000
meters.
The granitic peaks in the central part of the mountains, the so-
called PoAvder River Mountains in Oregon, rise to an altitude of
about 3,000 meters, and form the greatest "steptoe" in the wdiole
Columbia Basin.
CLIMATE.
The data here presented are compiled from the reports of the
United States Weather Bureau. The observing stations are all
located at places of relatively low altitude, and the accurate data
therefore relate wholly to the portions of the State wdiich lie in the
Transition and Upper Sonoran areas.
PRECIPITATION.
The following table gives the normal annual rainfall of each of
the Weather Bureau stations together with the length of the period
over which full records are available :
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 27
RuhifaU records.
Station.
Aberdeen
Aiiarortes
Ash ford
Bellingham ...
Blaine
Bremerton
Brinnon
Cedonia
Centralia
Cheney
Clearbrook
Clearwater
Clealnm
Colfax
Colville
Conconnlly
Cotipeville _ _ -
Crescent
Danville
Dayton
East Sound
Ellensburg
Ephrata
Fort Siincoe...
Grand Monnd
rxranite Falls- _
Hooper
Horse Heaven.
Hunters
La Center
Lakeside
Lind
Loomis
Lyle
Mayfield
Mottinger's Ranch
Mount Pleasant _ _ -
Moxee
Neah Bay
Northhead ...
Northport
Olga
Olympia -
Pasco . - _
Ponieroy
Port Crescent
Port Townsend
Pullman
RhPu])1ic
Ritzville
Rosalia
Seattle
Sedro Woolley
Silvana
Snohomish
i- noqualmie Falls .
South Ellensburg.
^•'outh Bend
Spokane
Sprague ,
Altitude in ^11^^^
^^^^- in years.
162
75
,775
60
75
15
SO
,000
212
,351
140
135
, 930
, 300
, 635
,150
78
, 150
.749
,450
577
265
400
162
397
,083
250
985
,700
,200
600
300
807
650
,000
50
,950
50
15
360
,500
259
80
, 500
, 628
. 825
, 300
123
38
35
50
667
, 570
16
.943
14
11
8
10
8
4
6
11
11
6
12
9
6
12
5
5
9
5
1
16
10
17
1
15
9
5
3
1
5
8
14
8
7
12
9
5
5
13
20
1
6
15
27
1
9
10
15
13
5
6
13
14
8
10
11
4
11
9
24
6
Average
annual pre-
cipitation
in inches.
88. 55
29.41
71.81
31.93
43.91
53. 60
76.15
20.39
46.41
17.14
47.11
131.01
28.73
23. 96
17.47
16.20
22.49
18.67
13.97
24. 86
31.72
9. 52
6.03
9.30
52. 60
60.07
13.11
8.92
20.38
51.26
12. 63
11.75
13. 69
25.11
65. 90
9.34
59. 39
8.79
109. 37
50. 53
19.41
30. 60
55.11
5. 74
19.
46.
21.
22.
20.23
7.01
20.89
35.90
48.94
36. 43
46. 64
64. 76
9.29
92.09
18.23
15.11
28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
I 'a ill fill I records — Coiitinuod.
Station.
Altitude in
feet.
Length
of record
in years.
Average
annual pre-
cipitation
in inches.
Sunnvside . . _ .
764
213
86
900
6
1,619
10
2, 050
50
110
1.000
2,624
1,169
60
2,203
715
757
855
12
340
50
10
19
20
1
2
1
11
5
31
16
19
15
6
9
6
3
11
14
30
17
45
6.63
Tacoina ,
Tatoosli _ .
44.63
93. 78
Trinidad
6.05
Twin
66. 50
Twisp . . _ . . _ .
18. 50
Union City
83.41
Usk ...
24.80
Vancouver .... . .
38. 74
Vashon Island
Walla Walla
Waterville . .
41.56
16.77
13.30
Wenache.-
15. 52
Whatcom . .. .
31.93
Wilbnr .
16.20
Zindel
17.67
Lewiston. Idaho ... .
13. 82
Arlincfton. Orear
9.11
The Dalles. Oreg
15. 09
Umatilla. Oreg . .
8.84
Astoria, Oreg . _
87.41
The rainfall map (PL V) is based mainly on the above records,
but over mountainous regions where no records have been made
the lines drawn are based on topooraj^hy. Owing to the great vari-
ation in rainfall caused by mountains and to a less extent by deep
canyons, which often make great diiferences within small areas, the
i-ainfall map is drawn on broad lines. Enough is known of these
local differences in rainfall caused by topography to make it certain
that an accurate map of Washington to show these smaller differ-
ences would be a ver}' complex affair.
The larger differences in the normal annual precipitation are
clearly shown by the map. As a whole, western Washington has a
hea\"}^ rainfall while that of eastern Washington is light. The coast
region has the greatest precipitation, heaviest on the western slope
of the Olympic M'nintains. The region immediately to the north-
east of these mountains has a correspondingly light rainfall. No
satisfactory records are available for the precipitation in the higher
parts of the Cascade Mountains. Presumably it is between 7T) and
J)0 inches.
In eastern Washington perhaps the most striking feature is the
suddenness with which the precipitation decreases east of the crest of
the Cascades.
The area over which the rainfall is less than 10 inches is practically
identical with the Upper Sonoran life area.
As compared with the rest of the United States the narrow strip
immediately along the ocean has the maximum amount of rainfall,
Contr. Nat. Herb. Vol. XI
Plate V.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF \VASHINGTON. 29
approarliod only by that of the regions al)Out Mobile, Ala., and Cape
llatteras, N. C. The rainfall of the I*nget Sonnd Basin as a whole
is but slightly in excess of that of the Atlantic coast States, but it
shows wide variation within short distances. The greater part of
(astern Wasliington coincides as regards total rainfall with the upper
Mississippi Valley.
A noticeable peculiarity of the Washington rains, particularly in
the western part of the State, is their gentleness. They are rarely
::cconipanied either by winds or by lightning. Perhaps 90 per cent
of the rains consist of gentle drizzles, locally characterized as " Ore-
gon mists."
A most striking feature of the rainfall is the very low amount of
])recipitation during the sunnner months. This has given rise to a
distinction ])etween a "■ dry "' or summer season and a " wet " or winter
season, tliough in reality the Avet season includes much of the spring
m all i)arts of the State, and also of the fall, particularly in western
Washington.
A prolonged " dry " season naturally entails drought, which may
be marked even in the humid western i)ortion of the State, In east-
ern Washington such droughts have occasionally caused severe injury
to crops.
The significance of this dry season is rendered more clear by com-
parison. If we except the Vancouver strip, all of the United States
west of the Rocky Mountains has normally less than ;> inches of rain-
fall during July, August, and September, an amount lower for these
months than any other part of the country. For eastern Washington,
as a whole, the rainfall of these three months averages about 12 inches.
The normal annual rainfall for ^hv Vancouver strip during the
three summer months is less than (> inches, thus coinciding with that
of the area between the one hundredth meridian and the Rocky
Mountains.
SUNSHINE AND CLOUDINESS.
The average number of clear days in western Washington for the
years 1902-1904 was, respectively, 120, 127, and 117; of partly cloudy
days, 92, 100, and 80 ; of cloudy days, 153, 148, and 159. Ah might be
expected in conformity with the wide variation in rainfall, the
extremes depart considerably. The smallest numbers of clear days
were, respectively, 56, 42, and 48 ; the largest, 171, 174, and 174.
In eastern Washington for the same years the clear days totaled,
respectively, 14G, 153, and 178; the partly cloudy days, 92, 95, and 90;
the cloudy days, 127, 117, and 98. The largest numbers of clear days
w^ere 207, 228, and 230. The smallest records for the same years were
G7, 77, and 85.
30
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
If the records arc considered separately for the stations located
within the line of 10 inches of rainfall the average number of clear
days for these same years is 1G6, 1G8, and 103.
These data show very clearly that eastern AVashington has much
more sunshine than western Washington, and also that in the region
of less than 10 inches rainfall, which closely coincides w^ith the
Upper Sonoran area, the amount of sunshine is considerably greater
than for the average of eastern Washington.
The following percentages are based on the normal sunshine map
of the United States Weather Bureau : The least amount of sunshine
is in the very humid region, which has over DO inches of annual rain-
fall. Less than 40 per cent of the days here are clear, a low^ percent-
age equaled in the United States only on the upper peninsula of
JNIichigan, in northern New York, and in northern New England.
In the region of less than 10 inches rainfall over one-half of the
days of the year are clear, thus corresponding in general with the
broad basins of the Missouri and jSIississippi valleys and with the
Southern States. The remainder of the State has from 40 to 50 per
cent of the days clear, resembling in this respect the region of the
Ohio Valley northward and eastward.
TEMPEBATURE.
"WESTERN WASHINGTON.
Temperature records of the United States AVeather Bureau are
available for over 30 stations in western Washington, all located
in the Humid Transition area, for periods varying from one year to
thirty years. The normal annual mean temperature based on these
records is 49.3° F. The same average for each of the 30 stations
shows the lowest to be Port Crescent, 46.6°, and the highest to be
Vancouver, 52°. The normal monthly mean temperatures of the
same stations vary as follows:
Temperature data for Humid Transition area.
Month.
January .
Fel)ruary
March - .
April
May
June
Degrees F.
35 to 40
37 to 43
38 to 46
45 to 51
50 to 58
54 to 63
Month.
July
August _ - .
September
October _ .
November
December
Degrees P.
56 to 66
56 to 66
53 to 60
47 to 53
38 to 46
34 to 43
The highest temperature ever recorded at any of these stations is
100°: the lowest is — 2°.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.
31
As regards teniperatui'e then the climate of this region is remark-
ably equable, without niarkeil extremes in either sunnner or winter.
The region in immediate ])roximity to the ocean has the coolest sum-
mer, and the extreme winter temperatures have never reached zero.
EASTERN WASHINGTON.
The records of the United States Weather Bureau concern nearly
forty dift'erent stations in eastern Washington for periods of from
one to twenty-three years. Fifteen of these stations lie within the
Upper Sonoran area, the remainder Avithin the Arid Transition. The
Upper Sonoran stations are Ellensburg, Ephrata, Kennewick, Lind,
Mottinger's Eanch, Moxee, Odessa, South Ellensburg, Sunnyside,
Trinidad, Walla AValla, Wenache, and Zindel. The normal annual
mean temperature for the whole region is 48.7° ; for the Arid Transi-
tion stations alone it is -15.9° ; and for the Upper Sonoran stations it
is 51.3°.
The nornuil monthly mean tenijjeratures for the stations located in
the Arid Transition are as follows:
Ti'itiitrnituic (lata for Arid 'rransitioii area.
Month.
J a nil a ry.
Febi'iiarj'
Maivlu_.
April
May
June
Degrees F.
21 to 34
25 to 38
30 to 43
43 to 52
51 to 58
55 to 05
Month.
July
August
September
October, _-
November.
December.
Degrees F.
02 to 72
02 to 74
51 to 03
44 to 55
32 to 42
25 to 30
The highest temi)erature recorded at these stations is 105°, the
loAvest is —32°.
The corresponding data for the stations located in the Upper
Sonoran area are as follows :
Temperature data for Upper Honoraii area.
Month.
Degrees F.
Month.
Degrees F.
January
25 to 37
25 to 39
39 to 49
48 to 55
55 to 63
59 to 71
July
05 to 77
February
August
September
October
00 to 75
:\Iareh
50 to 04
April
30 to 43
May
Noyember
28 to 3S
June
December
47 to 57
The maximum temperature ever observed at any of the above
stations is 113° ; the minimum is — 30°.
32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
As regards tempenitiire, eastern AVashington while having a normal
annual mean but slightly lower than that of western Washington,
has much greater extremes, being decidedly colder in winter and
warmer in summer. The Upper Sonoran area as compared wdtli the
Arid Transition is several degrees warmer.
A notable feature of the temperature of Washington, in conformity
Avith nnich of the region west of the Rocky Mountains, is the great
variation of temperature between day and night, especially in sum-
mer. It is emphatically a region of cool nights, where one can ap-
preciate blankets at night throughout the year. These cool nights
are least marked in the Upper Sonoran area, and it may, indeed, be
found that this factor is an important one in limiting the range of
Upper Sonoran plants.
These cool nights naturally indicate late frosts in spring and early
ones in autumn. In western AA'ashington such killing frosts are not
unusual up to April 15, and rarely a month later. Except in the
Avarmest portions of eastern AVashington killing frosts occur not
uncommonly up to June 1, and infrequently three weeks later.
The first autumnal frosts in western Washington occur as eaHy as
the middle of September or as late as the middle of November;
rarely they nui}^ be delayed until December. The dates are much the
same for eastern Washington.
WINDS.
The most prevalent winds are from the southeast, and are usually
accompanied by rain. East of the Cascade Mountains they are
known as chinool-s. This term is usually applied only to the winds
that blow in the Avinter months, but there seems no proper reason to
distinguish such from similar winds during the remainder of the
year. The winter chinooks are commonly warm winds, accompanied
or immediately followed by heaA^y rains; rarely they are cold and dry.
The Avet chinooks are in eastern Washington remarkable chiefly
for the rapid rising of the temperature Avhich they occasion.
These Avinds are often quite scA^ere. This is particularly true of
the occasional soutliAvest Avinds Avhich occur in summer, Avhicli in
eastern Washington usually assume the form of dust storms. Such
storms may cause much destruction.
The only other winds deserving of special mention are those which
sometimes occur in eastern Washington during the summer months,
bloAving from the north or northeast. These Avinds are gentle but
exceedingly dry, and are therefore capable of causing great damage
to growing crops. For this reason they are much feared in the agri-
cultural districts.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 33
THE ZONAL DISTRIBUTION OF WASHINGTON PLANTS.
That there are physical causes which profoundly influence the dis-
tribution of plants no one who has crossed the State of Washington
from east to west can for a moment question. The contrast between
tb. ' treeless bunchgrass prairies and sage plains of eastern Washing-
ton and the luxuriant coniferous forests of western Washington is
loo striking to overlook. In this particular case the principal factor
is one of humidity, the Puget Sound region possessing a notably
moist climate, while that of the Columbia Basin is markedly arid.
A similar change of vegetation may be Avitnessed in the ascent of
any of our higher mountain peaks. As elevation increases the famil-
iar lowland })lants disappear and different ones present themselves,
>\hich in turn give way at high altitudes to still others. The me.-t
marked of these changes is that where the timber ceases and the
alpine meadows present their charming car})et of floAvers. Here the
changes are due manifestly not to differences in humidity, but to les-
sened temperature, a conclusion emphasized by the fact that mrny of
these jilpine j^lants are the identical species which occur in arctic
regions.
Heat and moisture are undoul)tedly the principal physical factors
r,])on which the distribution of plants depend. A third factor may
be im})ortant, even determinative, namely, the character of the soil,
but this is much less potent than the two above named. In addition
to these i)hysical factors only one other need be considered, the bio-
logical factor of CDicc-stry. In general, plants inhabit the regions
where their ancestors thrived. This factor is usually continental in
its scoi^e; thus cacti and yuccas are confined to America; eucalypti
to Australia, and lilacs to Asia. But in a similar wa}^ this same fac-
tor oi)erates over small areas, and it is the principal cause why the
l*acific coast flora as a whole is different from that of the xVtlantic.
The existing plants are different because their immediate ancestors
were, whatever factors may have determined that.
It is not to l)e understood from this that all the plants which for-
merly flourished in Washington hare left descendants there. In Ter-
tiary times such plants as palms, cinnamon trees, and se([uoias grew
in Washington. Some of these require tropical or subtrojiical condi-
tions of heat; others, as the sequoias, probably have given way in
comiK'tition with more aggressive species. Nevertheless the broad
statement remains true that the present vegetation of XXa^ region owes
its character in large part to similar ancestors. Thi conditions
which make the Pacific coast the home of many peculiar genera and
species are ancestral. The heat and moisture requirements of these
plants are duplicated in other portions of the earth, where, however,
totally different congeries of species occur.
29418—06 M 3
34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
It is ivenorally adniittod that heat is the most potent factor in
determining the distril)iiti()n of phmts, and that in o-eneral the old
division into Aivtie. Temi)erate, and Tropical zones approximates the
real truth. Such zonation, dependino- on heat, is far more wide-
reaching than one depending- mainly on moisture. While the former
gives rise primarily to what we in general know as Arctic or Trop-
ical zones, the factor of moisture determines the opposed conditions
we distinguish as arid and moist. Differences in the heat factor
are universal, resulting in the whole earth l)eing divided into more or
less well-marked zones, corresponding in general with isothermal
lines. Differences in the moisture factor are relatively local, so
that deserts may occur in the midst of the most varied surroundings.
While the larger zones dependmg on heat are strikingly different,
yet each passes gradually into the contiguous ones. Determination
of such zones is therefore more or less arl)itrary. The scheme of life
zones, so far as North America is concerned, that has resulted from
the studies of Merriam has been generally adoi)ted. It is as follows:
f Arctic (iV Arctic- Alpine zone.
Boreal regi m -- Hndsonian zone.
I ( 'anadian zone.
f Alleghenian area.
Transition zone - - - . Arid Transition area.
i Pacific or Hnmid Transition area.
Austral region •, Upper Anstral zone fCarolinian area.
lUpper Sonoran area.
Lower Austral zone f Austroriparian area.
iLower Sonoran area.
_, . T • (Humid Tropical area.
Tropical region i /
lArid Tropical area.
In this scheme zones are based primarily on the distribution of
plants and animals as determined by the heat factor. The subdi-
vision of the zones or areas depend mainly on the differences due to
the moisture factor. As may readily be imagined, all possible combi-
nations of these two factors occur, so that regions of mixed character
are found wherever zones or areas are contiguous. This overlapping
of contiguous zones that are usiuilly well marked is perhaps more
pronounced in the Pacific northwest than elsewhere in North
America. It has been ascribed to the very equable temperature of
the region. In consecpience of this peculiarity the determination of
the life zones in Washington, so as to coordinate them with adjacent
regions, presents unusual difficulties. Six life zones or life areas are
represented, namely, the Arctic, the Hudsonian, the Canadian, the
Humid Transition,' the Arid Transition, and the Upper Sonoran.
The first-mentioned zone, the Arctic, is sharply marked, consist-
ing of the alpine flora above timber line. These alpine meadows
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. oD
correspond in conditions, and in a large part in species, with the
arctic meadows north of the limit of timl)er.
The Upper 8onoran area in eastern Washington is practically coex-
tensive with the distribution of the sagebrush. Agriculturally it
is the region where the connnercial growing of peaches and water-
melons is practicable.
The Humid Transition, or Pacific area, includes the great forests
of red fir in western Washington. Other characteristic trees are the
giant cedar, red alder, and Oregon maple.
The Arid Transition area in eastern Washington includes two
subdivisions, a lower one — the bunchgrass prairies, and an up])er —
the yellow pine forests.
The Canadian zone has for its most characteristic tree the western
white pine. Here, too, the lodgepole pine, the western larch, and the
western hemlock are most abundant and best developed.
The Hudsonian is the zone of the subalpine fir, the Alaska cedar,
Ihe black hendock, and the white-bark pine. At their extreme limits
of altitude all of these become prostrate mats of branches.
These zones are not separated by level altitudinal lines. This may
readily be seen where the Hudsonian and Arctic zones meet. The
trees of the former zone extend up the mountain sides much higher
on the ridges than in the valleys between. The dividing line is thus
a sinuate one. This has been considered by Merriam partly the result
of more and less favorable exposure to the sun's rays, and partly to air
currents, the warm currents tending to follow up the steep ridges
while the cold currents flow down in the valleys. Conse({uently, cer-
tain species ascend highest on the warm ridges, while others descend
farthest in the cool valleys.
Exactly similar conditions, but with the forest line reversed, are
seen at the low altitude timber line of the yellow pine, where this
borders on the bunchgrass prairies. The timber here descends to
much lower altitudes along valleys and draws than on the ridges; or,
what is the converse statement of the same thing, the bunchgrass
flora ascends highest on the Avarm slope.
The most notable examples of the effect of slope exposure alone
are perhaps seen on high ridges, or in canyons that extend in a gen-
eral east and west direction. For example, Kamiak Butte, a bold
jieak in AVhitman County, has nearly its entire south exposure cov-
ered by a bunchgrass flora, while the northern slope is denselv tim-
bered with yellow ^^ine and other coniferous trees. In canyons of
low altitude the sunny north wall is often timberless. while its shady
south wall is timbered.
The same fact is generally true in the case of high mountain i)eaks.
The corresjjonding zones extend relatively higher on the south or
warmer side than on the north or colder side.
36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Making due allowance for the overlapping of the various zones,
the following approximations of their altitudinal limits in Washing-
ton may be made:
Upper Sonoraii. Go to GOO meters (200 to l.OOO feet).
Humid Transition, 0 to 1.200 meters (0 to 3.800 feet).
Arid Transiti(jn, 500 to 1,300 meters (1,G00 to 4,200 feet).
Ciuuidlan, 400 to 1.500 meters (1,400 to 5.000 feet).
Iludsoniau, 1,500 to 2,100 meters (5.000 to 7.000 feet).
Arctic, 1,800 to 3,200 meters (G,000 to 10,500 feet).
UPPER SONORAN LIFE AREA.
This comprises the western or arid portion of the Upper Austral
life zone. It occupies much of the Columbia and Great basins, and
the lower portions of the Great Plains eastward to about the one
hundredth meridian. It also extends southward into Mexico at
increasing elevations along both sides of the Rocky Mountain system.
In Washington the area is confined to that portion east of the Cascade
Mountains below a contour line approximating 360 meters (1,200
feet), but on southerly slopes it may extend up to 510 meters (1,700
feet), or even more.
From an agricultural standpoint this zone is that in which the
commercial culture of such crops as tomatoes, peaches, apricots, and
Avatermelons is possible.
In Washington the most conspicuous plant of this zone is the
sagebrush {Artemisia tr id entata) (PL VI). It marks quite sharply
the limits of the Upper Sonoran zone, seldom extending into the zone
above, as it commonly does farther southward. Other characteristic,
if less abundant, shrubs are rabbit brush {Ghrysothamnus nauseosu-s
and C. viscidiflorus) , hop sage {Grayia spinosa), antelope brush
{Kunzia tridentata, locally known as black sage), and, in alkaline
situations, greasewood {Sarcohatus verTuicidafus) . In a few locali-
ties the sagebrush is absent, but in such cases one or more of the other
characteristic shrubs is sure to be present.
Excepting such species as are confined to the moist gi'ound along
perennial streams, the great majority of the Upper Sonoran plants
are either shrubs or thick-rooted perennial herbs or short-lived
annuals.
There are in Washington about 500 species of plants which occur
in this life zone. Of this number 243 species occur in no other life
zone— that is, are distinctive. Furthermore, of this last element 31)
species are confined in their distribution to the Columbian Basin of
Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, several of them being quite rare
and local.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.
Plate VI.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 37
ORIGIN or THE UPPER SONORAN FLORA.
Some considerations regarding the origin of the Upper Sonoran
species of the Washington flora* seem to justify definite conchisions.
In the geographical history of the Columbia Plains, as above outlined,
there was found, during the existence of Lake John Day in Miocene-
Tertiary time, a rich flora of sul)tropical aspect. Subsequent to this
time and probably not much prior to the glacial epoch, occurred the
principal uplift of the Cascade Mountains. This undoubtedly
caused profound changes in climatic conditions, particularly to the
eastward of this range, accompanied by correspondingly great
changes in the flora.
Succeeding the uplifting of the Cascade Mountains came the Gla-
cial period. During this period immense changes took place in
western Washington, but there is scarcely a trace of glacial worlv on
the plain of the Columbia. Nevertheless, in accord with the lower
temperatures there was probably a general southward, migration of
the plants, followed by their return on the retreat of the ice.
Of the changes which have taken place in the flora since the John
Day period to the present time there is no record preserved. In
this enormous lapse of time — perhaps millions of years — a forest
composed of magnolias, elms, sycamores, etc., apparently much like
that of the Lower Mssissippi in the present day, has utterly vanished
and no near relatives remain, either in the same or adjacent territory.
Inasmuch as somewhat similar subtropical forests existed in Mio-
cene time in western Washington, the causes which have led to their
extinction are more profound than such climatic changes as could bo
occasioned by the Cascade uplift and are to be sought rather in the
general causes which have lowered the temperatures of the earth's
surface.
There remains, then, but one source from which light may be
thrown on the present constitution of the flora— namely, its relation
to contiguous floras.
Such considerations naturally focus first on the physical conditions
which most likely prevailed at the close of the last great geological
cataclysm, namely, the Glacial period. The most conspicuous result
of this period of cold is perhaps the large number of Arctic species
which occur on all the higher peaks of the Cascades or stranded on
isolated mountains, as the Olympics or the Blues — a fact which ap-
pears more striking in mountains farther to the southward. How-
ever slight the effect of the Glacial period may have been in eastern
Washington, it is quite certain that the temperature was such that no
plants adapted to Upper Sonoran conditions could survive. They
were either driven southward, as were the Arctic plants, or else per-
ished. Following the retreat of the ice, the areas that then became
38
CONTRTP,I"TTONi=; FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
fitted to support an Upper Sonoran flora could have become inhab-
ited eitlier by the northward extension of alread^y adapted pLmts, or
by the gradual modification of species of a colder zone, or by both.
The evidence indicates the first method to have been the most potent.
South of the Columbia Basin are two very distinct floral regions —
namely, California and the Great Basin — divided by the Sierra
Nevada. It is perfectly clear that Upper Sonoran plants of the
Columbia Basin hax'e been derived in j^art from each of these sources,
assuming- that plants which range from California or the (Ireat Basin
into the Columbia l^asin originated in th<^ formei" regions and not
vice versa. This assumption is based on considerations heretofore
discussed.
The prevailing winds of the Columbia Basin are from the south-
w^est. So pronounced are these winds that they have had considerable
to do wnth molding the hills in the entire region. Very naturally
plants would migrate quite rapidly with these very constant and at
times severe southwest winds. The natural route of the Californian
plants would l)e through the low gap in northeastern California
made by the Klamath Kiver and lakes. Some few plants may have
reached the Columbia Basin by way of the Willamette Valley and
the Columbia Iviver, but this, if true, is certainly exceptional, not
only on account of the long distance and moist region through wdiich
these illy adapted plants would have to migrate, but from the actual
fact that few Sonoran plants reach the Willamette Valley, the liogue
River Mountains in southwest Oregon forming a sharp and efi'ective
l)arrier to them, but not to Transition j^lants.
The following lists of Upper Sonoran plants indicate the relative
importance of the Californian and Great Basin elements in AVash-
iuirton:
SPECIES OF CALIFORNIA ORIGIN.
Ahiii.'i rhnnthi folia.
Ai>h}ilU)ii coiiiosuiii.
Blcph(irli>(tppHf< t/landinoaii-^.
Cnjptinithr i^ulH/IocIiididtd.
Hem izon la citrlodorii.
Lepidium dictyotum.
Lupin ».s- micrncarpus.
Mieroseris Uncarifolia.
OoKttJirra ■<itanion liyxtri.r.
SoJanum trifloruin.
Hphaeralcea ni unroaiia.
^poroholus airoides.
f)iinn nirriini.
Eriof/oninii j)ntjifrrinii.
Eri/si)n II ni occidoifalr.
GiJia Irptouicria.
HrVia II til IIS CHSicJcii.
Lappiila nriiJa.
Lnppiila, ciliata.
Lcptoturn ia purpurea.
Leptotaenia salmon iff ora.
LesqiicreJla doiiglasii.
Lomatiiiin r/ej/eri.
Oreoearya eelosioides.
Oreocarya spiciilifcra.
Pentstenioii i/landiilosus.
Pentsteiiioii priiiiiosiis.
Phaca eoUinii.
Phaca dipliysa.
Phaca lyallii.
Phaca iiiisella.
Phaca re vent a.
Phaca sclerocarpa.
J'liaea sinuata.
Phaca, speirocarpa.
■ Phacelia lent a.
Ptery.ria terehinthina.
Taliiiinii sjtinescens.
TlieJypodiiiin streptantlioides.
Toiiella florihinida.
Toirnsendia ftorifer.
Trifoli II III ni cf/acephalum.
Viola trinerrata.
HUMID TRANSITION AREA.
The Pacific coast region west of the Cascade Mountains in British
Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northwestern California, is
notal)le for its moist climate and equable temperature no less than
for the very luxuriant forests which these conditions foster. This
region has sometimes been referred to as the Northwest Coast Strip,
an unfortunate name, as the term " Northwest " has been used in too
many senses to give it accuracy. Adopting a suggestion of Mr. D. A,
Brodie, the term Vancouver Strip is here given to the region, for
which it is desirable to have a definite name in conformity witli tlie
remarkably uniform flora and fauna which it possesses. The name
above suggested commemorates the name of the navigator who first
thoroughly explored the region and whose name has there been
attached to the largest island and to two im2:>ortant towns.
Much the greater j^ortion of th(> Vancouver Strip belongs to the
Pacific or Humid Transition area. The most characteristic tree is
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI
Plate VII.
Forest of Red Fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata).
View near Longmire. Pierce ('/hus macro petalvs) which the
following year fruits heavily and then gradually disappears. The
thimbleberry {Puhus paroiflorm) is often abundant also, as is red-
42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
flowered currant {Rihes scmyuineum) . By this time the Scouler wil-
low is conspicuous, and in wet places the red alder {Almis oreyana).
These two trees dominate the vegetation until the young red firs
which spring up in a very dense growth have become large enough
to supersede them. The red fir is so completely the dominant tree
in the region that as a rule it quickly reforests itself whenever
destroyed.
BOTTOM LANDS.
The bottom lands of western Washington are mainly river valleys.
Less commonly they occur about lake borders or form marshes. The
commonest type of forest covering is a red alder and giant cedar asso-
ciation, wdiich, however, is seldom j^ure. Rarely either one of these
trees may occupy the ground exclusively. Usually, however, there are
associated various other trees, as white fir {Abies f/randis), large-
leaved maple {Acer macrophyllum) , Oregon ash (Fraxinus oreyana),
and Cottonwood {Popidvs trichocarpa.) The cottonwood often forms
groves of pure growth in the river valleys, and the maple does so
occasionally. Moisture of the soil is apparently the one factor that
favors the red alder-cedar association, which is quite as common on
springy hillsides and upland swanips as in river valleys. Where the
amount of soil moisture is not too great the red fir occurs sparingly,
but the individuals are often of gigantic size. In bottom lands that
are excessively wet, the alder is absent and often the cedar also. Such
lands commonly are covered by dense thickets composed of various
species of willows, western cornel {Coimus occidentaJis), crabapple
{Pyrus diiier.sifolia), and vine maple {Acer circinatnin) . These same
species form the usual fringe along the banks of small streams flow-
ing through the forest, especially the cornel and the vine maple. In
such situations occur also various shrubs, as the devil's club {Echino-
panax Itorrldinn) which, contrary to the oft-told tale, seldom forms
dense thickets, the salmon berry (Rubus specfabilh) ^ the fetid currant
{Ribes bracteosmn) , and the red-berried elder {Sambucus calUcarpa) .
GKAVELIA' PKAIRIJ:S.
The soil of these prairies, which are comparatively limited in
extent, consists mainly of fine water-worn gravel, the pebbles mak-
ing up perhaps 50 per cent, or more, of the soil. The j)rairies com-
monly present the appearance of a sterile pasture (PL IX) with scat-
tered oaks {QuercuN qarryana) here and there, and occasional beauti-
fully symmetrical young trees of red fir. At the edges of the praij-ie,
where the gravelly soil ceases, a dense forest of red fir usually occu-
pies the ground, the gravelly prairie soil serving as an almost perfect
barrier to this tree. In a few localities, where the gravelly soil
merges gradually into the ordinary loams or clays of the region, the
Contr. Nat. Herb,, Vol. XI
Plate IX.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.
Plate X.
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.
43
black pine ( Finns confoi'td) disinites the ground with the red fir.
Until the middle of July these prairies are carpeted with flower,-;
(PI. X). After this time they present a distinctly arid appearance.
The flora consists of a considerable number of species which, so
far as Washington and Oregon are concerned, do not occur else-
where, though most of them range into California. Among tliem
are the follow i no-:
ArciHirid truclht.
LUMjvciithcoit Idtifoliiim.
Enjiltnuihuii i/inaiilcioii.
Gilia tciK'lla.
Godcthi (iiiKJCiHi.
Godctiu iiKiiihinilDcra.
Grinddia iiitcurifoliii.
Honlzonvlla dm audi.
Hookcru voronuta.
Ilookcra piilchcUa.
Hosuckia (/idciUs.
Iris tciia.r.
Lo))i(itiiiiii iitriciildtKDi.
L II pill II -s' (/ Ihiciiiil is.
Lupin IIS lepidiis.
Microscris laciii iata.
Ortliorurpiis iittiiiiiatiis.
I'latiistif/uia orri/iniiini.
Raiiiniciiliis orthorhynchus.
Seiiccio fastigiata.
Sericocarpus rigid us.
Solidago tolmicana.
^yvthgris rot uiidi folia.
Trifoliinii liallii.
TrifoHiiiii tridcutatuin.
VaJcriuiKila congest a.
Viola Jioinllii.
A much hirger number of species, however, recur in the Arid
Transition area east of the Cascade Mountains. Nearly all of these
species are limited to the Pacific coast, ranging from California
northward to British Cohnnbia on both sides of the Cascade Moun-
tains. Here, as in the case of tlie Up}Hn' Sonoran species of Califor-
nia origin, there is good reason to lielieve that most of the species
reached the Columbia P>asin through the Khunath Gap. Character-
istic examples are the following:
Agoscris hctcropji ijtla.
AlchcmiUa orcidriitiitis.
Alsine nitens.
Antennaria lioircllii.
Athysaniis piisiilus.
Balsamorh iza balsa niorh iza.
Balsamorhiza dcJtoidca.
Boisduvalia strict a.
Caruin gairdiicri.
CaucaUs in icrociirpa.
Ceanntlius sanguineus.
Collinsia grand iflora.
Crocidiii )ii in u 1 1 ica ii Ic.
Erioccph alum la n a turn.
Erigcron sprcios us.
Gilia capita fa.
Gilia gracilis.
Githopsls speciilarioidcs.
Hctcrocodon rariflorum.
Hcuclicra cijliiuJricu.
Hieracium scolder i.
Ilonkera. li yacintJi ina.
Eosackia dec u in 1)cns.
Loinatiiiiii iiiiilicaiilc.
Luinatiuiii triteriiatuni.
Mlcra III ltd is orega iia.
Nararretia iiitertcita.
Pcctocari/d pciiicilldta.
Pill us ponderosa.
Pole nion ill III iiiicrantlnnii.
Pruiius deiiiissa.
Psilocarpli us elatior.
Q lie re us garryxi ii a .
Seduiu douglasil.
Sid a Icea cainpestris.
Silcnc inenziesii.
tSisi/rincJi ivm grand! fl or uiii.
TelUiiia parvifiora.
Tliysanocarpus curripes.
Toiiella colliiisioides.
Zygadeniis vcncnosus.
44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
A third series of species, fe^Y in number, presents a puzzling j^rob-
lem. It consists of Arid Transition plants connnon enough east of
the Cascade Mountains, which are knoAvn to occur west of these moun-
tains only on Whidby Island, or, in a few cases, on neighboring
islands. They deserve particular mention.
Sierer-'iia e'duita is abundant east of the Cascades, ranging as a
common plant to ]\Iinnesota and Nebraska, and as a rarity even to
New England. AVest of the Cascades it is known only from the
prairies of Whidl)y Island.
ApJn/llon romost/m, a parasite on various asteraceous plants, is not
rare in eastern Washington, and ranges east of the Cascades to Cali-
fornia. It has also been found on Whidby and San Juan islands on
Grindelia.
Polonornum micrautJuim. and LvphixiR m'lcrocarpu!^^ both on
Whidby Island, together with Phifi/spcrimnn scapujerum^ Anter con-
fipicuiix^ and Scnt('lhiri(( aiu/Kstifol/n, known from Vancouver Island,
are cases practically parallel to that of ApJn/JJoti {■omoKiim.
Ii'is mixKovriensis is al)undant east of the Cascades, ranging to
Dakota and Nebraska. Its station near Coupeville is the only one
known in the Vancouver strip.
Jrui'ipenis ficopiilornm^ which crosses the Cascades to reappear in
Island and San Juan counties, is a somewhat similar case.
There needs to be mentioned also tlu* only cactus that occurs in the
Vancouver strip, 0 pitnthi pohjardjifhd horealis, confined to the island
in the northern part of Puget Sound.
Only one physical factor presents itself which may explain these
strange cases, namely, the fact that these islands lie in the lee of the
01ymi)ic jVIountains, and therefore have a lesser rainfall, as may be
seen by comparison with the rainfall map. The conditions, therefore,
more nearly api)roximate those of the Arid Transition area than any
other portion of Washington west of the Cascade Mountains. But,
admitting this to be true, it is difficult to see how these species could
have crossed the barrier of the Cascade Mountains. The orily other
alternative would seem to be that these species once occupied much of
the Vancouver strip, and have persisted northward only in this some-
what drier region of Whidby and adjacent islands.
The case of a few Vancouver Island plants, like Lilaea siihvlata^
Fcsfi/ra ivfcxa^ and Mieroseris hir/eJovii, not otherwise known north
of Oregon, and especially the cases of Baeria f/rdc'tlix and AlJocdrya
(Jiorisiawt, which leap from California to Vancouver, seem, however,
to lend weight to the latter hypothesis.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASIIIXUTON. -15
SEASHORES.
Iiunu'dicitc proximity to the sea furnishes conditions that support
a strij) of vet hrac]t!/p}is. Scldt/incJhi stnitli ioloidcs.
In addition to these the marine aquatic genera Zostera and Phyl-
lospadix deserve mention as our only genera of flowering plants
found in the ocean. The related Iixppki maritlma occurs in brackish
waters.
SPHAGNUM BOGS.
Sphagnum bogs are quite connnon throughout western AVashington.
The usual shrubs are Labrador tea {Ledum laflfoliii///), laurel {Kal-
mid (flauca), and cranberry {OxycoccKS oxycoccvs intermedins).
Usually a willow {Salix inyrtilloideH) ^ sweet gale {Myriea gcde)^ and
a dwarf birch (Hetida ghindtdosa) arc present also. On the drier
hummocks small hendocks {TsiK/a lieteropliyUa) often occur, and in
similar situations one is often sur})rised to find the black.pine {Pinus
eonto/'ta), typically a i)lant of barren, graA'clly or sandy soil.
The more interesting and characteristic herbs are sundew {Droscru
rotund if olia)^ cotton-grass {Efiophorum russeolum)^ Scheuchzeria
p" the s})ruee througliout all or nearly all of its range,
are some other plants, such as Rihes lu.v/foi'Hiii^ MoncHes inu'ffot'u,
Menziesia ferruginca, Coriius canadenttis, and Viola glaheUd^ which
in the Cascade Mountains occur mainly or only in the Canadian or
Hudsonian zones.
On the other hand, it is very evident that the great majority of
the plants in the Sitka spruce forests of Washington are truly Tran-
sition plants. Indeed, some of the most characteristic of the under-
shrubs of the red-fir forests are even more luxuriantly developed
in the sj)ruce forests, such as the salal {GauUheria shallon), red
huckleberry {Vaccinium paruifoUum), and the evergreen huckleberry
{V. onatum). Some others, as the salmon berry {Ruhtis spectab'dis)
and the devil's club {E chmopmiax horrida), accompany the spruce
throughout nearly all of its range, and likewise occur in the Cascade
Mountains far above it in altitude.
Other facts of plant distribution also bear out the conclusion that
the mixed floral character of the ocean coast is due to the remarkably
equable temperature. One of these is the fact that a number of Alas-
kan plants follow down the coast with the spruce, but do not follow
down the mountain ranges. Such are the marsh plants Viold langs-
doi-f/', Nephrop/ii/lUdium crista-galU, and Caltha a.sar/'folia; the
dune plants, Carex macrocephala, and Glehnia littovalh; and Cala-
magroatk aleutica^ G oelopleurum gmelini^ which on the Washington
coast splits into two supposedly different species, Garcx cryptocarpa^
G onlosellnvin fsclwri., and Ammodema peploides.
On the other hand, the northward extension of various Californian
coastal plants overlaps the southward extension of these Alaskan
species. Among these are Al>ro7iia lati folia and A. timhellata^
Angelica liendersorii, Gaertneria chamisnonis^ Myrica calif criiira^
and Pentacaena ramosissima.
Perhaps, too, the peculiar conditions of this coastal strip may aid
in explaining the local abundance of PinuH contorta, which otherwise
reappears principally in the lodge-pole forests of the Canadian zone.
The zonal- position of the Sitka spruce itself is a difficult matter to
decide. Undoubtedly it reaches its greatest development as to size
on the Washington and Oregon coasts, but on the Alaska coast it
reaches its greatest development as regards number of individuals
and domination of the forest.
ARID TRANSITION AREA.
In Washington this is confined entirely to the eastern portion,
except, perhaps, a few limited localities west of the Cascades, here-
tofore discussed, In our limits this area has two marked subdivi-
48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
sions. The lower subdivision is grass-covered and lies immediately
above the zone of the sagebrush. The conspicuously abundant plants
are bunchgrass {Aii sptc
o „1
5 13
UJ >
> 5
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.
49
and the "black sunflower'' (Wi/efh!(( conplexieauUs) often occupy
large areas in nearly pure growths.
Along the streams and by springs Avillows of several sj^ecies, to-
gether with a thorn {Cmtaegus hrevispina) form thick copses. Occa-
sionally asjjens (PopuJiis tremuloides) and cottonwo'od {P. triclw-
carpa) form groves. The commoner undershrubs are snowberry
{Syynphorwarpos I'acemosus) ^ roses {Rosa nutkanaand Ii. pisoearpa),
and gooseberries {Klhes inenne and R. Irriguum). Intermingled
Avith these are other shrubs of less importance. Occasionally, how-
ever, the birch {Betida micro pliyUa) is the most abundant shrub.
The accompanying herbaceous vegetation is richer and more varied
than on the hills, but the individuals are relatively less abundant.
Among the more consi)icuous are :
CastUleja miniaia.
Clem at is h irsittissim a .
Heracleum lanatum.
Lupinus leiicophylliis.
Sidalcea orcgana.
Holidago .^crofina.
Vrtica lyallii.
Lrtica holosericea.
Valeriana cevatopliylla.
Teratnnii ealifoDiieinii.
The north hillsides flora consists mainly of plants found in the
" draws," though there are several species Avhich, while not entirely
confined to the north hillsides, flourish there especially well. Such
are the adder's tongue {ErytJwonhim, gmndiflorum),h\uehervy (l^ac-
dnium cespitosum) ^ Trillium petiolatwm^ and Capnorea villosula.
The scablands, which as before stated lie mainly between the zone
of sagebrush and that of bunchgrass, possess in large part the flora
of the latter. A few species, however, are quite characteristic of
these basaltic outcroppings. One of these is a service-berry {Amelan-
chier eusickii) which often occurs in the cracks of basalt crags. The
rock-rose or bitterroot {Leicisia redivira) occurs abundantly in the
crevices of " scab," making a brave show with its beautiful rose-
colored flowers. Where a thin soil is formed, the scabland sagebrush
{Artemisia rigida) often occurs in considerable areas. Other plants
usually found only in scablands are:
Arabis eusickii.
Eriogonum thijnioides.
Lomatiiim canhiji.
Lomatintii farinos:tim.
Lomatinm groifi.
Lomatium inacroearpmn.
Talinum spincscens.
Viola trinervata.
The conspicuous basaltic outcroppings along canyons and coulees
are locally known as " rimrock." The rimrock flora is in general the
same as that of scablands of similar elevation. (PI. XIII.)
29418—06 M 4
50 CONTRTBUTIOXS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
THE YELLOW PIXE FORESTS.
The yellow pine belt in eastern AVasliinoton lies between the alti-
tudes of 550 and 1,000 meters (1.800 and 3.300 feet). In places the
characteristic tree, the yellow or liiill pine {Pin us poiu/erosa). de-
scends nearly to sea level, as along the Columbia River, and specimens
of the trees are occasionally found at 1,800 meters (0,000 feet) alti-
tude. This tree exhibits a marked predilection for soils of granitic
origin, and whenever such soil is found, even if comj^letely isolated,
the yellow pine is quite sure to occur. The zonal distribution of the
tree is not primarily due, however, to a soil factor. The raised dome
of the northern portion of the Blue Mountains, wholly basaltic, is tim-
l)ered with this tree. Likewise narrow tongues of the Columbia
basalt of the usual elevation, 000 to 750 meters (2.000 to 2,500 feet),
extending into Idaho between the flanks of granitic mountains, are
covered with yellow pine forests. Nevertheless, it is apparent that
this tree encroaches on the clayey basaltic soils with difficulty.
Whether this is owing to the inability of the seedlings to struggle
with the herbaceous vegetation or to a lack of adaptation to the soil
itself, or to some other factor, remains to be determined. From the
fact that the yellow pine establishes itself on basaltic clay soils under
favorable conditions of moisture and temperature, as in the Blue
Mountains, or of the shading and abundant seeding that the sur-
rounding forests i3rovide in western Idaho, it is evident that the soil
factor is not the only one that has j^revented the spread of the pine
forest.
Yellow pine forests (Pis. XIV, XV), where pure, are open in char-
acter, and marked by the relatively small amount of forest litter.
There is a rather scattered growth of various shrubs, consisting of
ninebark {Opidasfer pavcifion/s. buckbrush [Ceanothus sanc/uineus)^
and rose (Rosa gymnocarpa) . At a somewhat higher altitude where
the yellow pine is at its best, tlie commonest unclershrub is the huckle-
berr}' {Vaecinium macro pliylhini). Where such forests are more
open the most abundant plant is often the pinegrass {Calamagrostis
suksdorfii) .
Yellow i^ine forests are. however, seldom pure, except at low alti-
tudes in rather dry soil. In the moister situations atl'orded by higher
altitude, shaded slopes, or valleys, the yelloAv pine is usually mixed
with red fir {Pseadotsiiga miicronata) in varying proportions. In-
deed, as the moisture becomes greater the j)roportion of the red fir
increases until it becomes the predominating tree. The increasing
proportion of red fir is usually accompanied by a proportional in-
crease in the density of the forest and the amount of litter. Shrubs,
too. become more abundant both in species and individuals, and
under favorable circumstances, as in old burns, some of them, espe-
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI
Plate XIV.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI,
Plate XV.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.
51
ciallv sticky laurel {Cea/iof/ti(s reli/tlnifs) and thiiubk4)erry {Ruhus
/>errinius.
Soiecio serra.
Silriie nirnziesii.
Sol id a go niissourioisis.
Steironeiiia ciliatuni.
tSi/ntJigris rubra.
Tellinia tcnella.
Therniopsis niontana.
Valeriana ceratophylla.
Wyetti ia aniple.rica ulis.
THE COLUMBIA BASIX ELEMEXT.
Considering the recent geological origin of the Columbia Basin,
the number of species peculiar to it both in the Upper Sonoran and
Arid Transition areas is remarkably large. The number Avould be
greatly increased by including Oregon forms that do not cross the
Columbia River. The Arid Transition species are as follows:
Allium douglasii. Claytonia diehotoma.
Amelanehier basalticola. Eriogonuni thymoides.
Antennaria geyeri. Frasera alhicaulis.
Antennaria stenophyUa. Helianthella douglasii.
Arabis cusickii. Loniatiuiu canhyi.
Artemisia rigida. Lomatiunt cous.
Boisduvalia glabella. Lomatinm farinosum.
Custilleja camporum. Lomatinm gormani.
Castilleja lutescens. Lomatium watsoni.
Clarkia pulchella. Orthoearpus barbatus.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON,
53
Parrya mcnzicHiL
Pentstenivn attciiuatiis.
Pentxtemoii phictoniui.
Pentstemon rich a nisonii.
Pentstemon triph yUiis.
Phaca atTccta.
Phaca conjuncta.
Phaca spuldingii.
Physaria gcyeri.
Platyspenii iini scapigcniiii.
Polygon Kin polygaloides.
Ranunculus tritcriiatus.
Silcne spaldingii.
Sphaeralcea longiscpala.
Tri folium doiiglasii.
Trilliuni pctiolatuvi.
Viola trincrvata.
COMPARISON OF THE HUMID AND ARID TRANSITION FLORAS.
As before stated, the Cascade Mountains form a sharp and efficient
barrier betAveen the areas of the Transition zone. The Humid Transi-
tion does not cease abruptly with the crest of the Cascade Mountains,
but many species descend for some distance on the eastern slope, at
lower altitudes becoming mixed indiscriminately with Arid Transi-
tion plants.
In the moisture portions of the western slopes of the Bitterroots
and in the Blue Momitains the climatic conditions approach those of
western AVashington. It is therefore not surprising- that in the
moister portions of the yellow pine subarea in western Idaho a great
many of the Humid Transition plants of western Washington reap-
pear. Indeed at least one-half of the species are thus common, and
it is therefore largely an arl)itrary matter to class the one as Humid
Transition, the other as Arid.
The complex nature of the problem is realized, however, when we
consider the remaining species. They may be thus grouped : First,
those that occur in the Vancouver strip, but not in North Idaho; sec-
ond, those that occur in Idaho, but not in the Vancouver strip, and
third, those that are abundant in Idaho, but very rare in the latter
area. The following tables bring out clearly the relative importance
of these elements:
PLANTS EQUALLY COMMON IN THE HUMID TRANSITION AREA OF THE VANCOUVER
STRIP AND THE MOISTER PORTION OF THE YELLOW PINE SUBAREA IN NORTH IDAHO.
Trees.
Abies grand is.
Acer douglasii.
Pvnus contorta.
Pinus monticola.
Popuhis trichocarpa.
Pseudotsugd m ucronata.
Rhatnnns purshlana.
Balix scoulerianu.
Tuxus brevifoJia.
Thuya plicata.
Tsuga mcrtensiana.
54
C0NTEIBUTI02sS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrubs.
Alniis siuuata.
Amelanchier florid a.
Ceanotli us saiitjiiiiicus.
Ceanotlius velutiiuis.
Chimaphila uin bellata.
Linnaea americuna.
Lonicera involiicrata.
Mensiesia ferruglnea.
Opulaster opiiIifoliKs.
Herbs.
Acfaea arguta.
Adenocaulon hicolor.
Alsine crispa.
Alsine longipcs.
Antenuaria Jioivellii.
Aqiiilegia forntom.
Asantm caiidatiun.
Asplen 'mm cyclosonim.
Carduuii cdiilis.
Carex aniplifolia.
Car ex stipafa.
Cephalantheru uitstinac.
Cinma penduhi.
Circaea paciflca.
Cytherca hinhosa.
Dryopteris dihttuta.
Festuca occidental is.
Festiica siibulata.
Galium trifidum.
Geum macropJiyllum.
Gilia capitata.
H ieraciiim albiflorum.
Lactuca spicata.
Lysich itoH kamtscJwtceusis.
Pa ch ysii)}i a m yrs in ites.
Ribes lacustre.
Rosa gi,mnocarpa.
Rubus leucodermis.
Rubus parvifiorus.
Salix cor data.
Scliizovotus discolor.
Vacciiii i u in macroph yU u m .
Melica subulata.
Micromeria cliam issonis.
Mini ulus ni oscli a t u s.
Ophrys cordata.
Panicularia pauciflora.
Pcramium mensiesii.
Pieridium aquilinum pubes-
cent.
Pyrohi aphylla.
Pyrola bracfeata.
Pyrola iticarnata.
Pyrola picta.
Quamasia quamash.
Rail unculus bongardi.
Scirpus microcarpus.
Holidago elongata.
Tra u i uetteria gra n d is.
Trillium ovatum.
^'agllera amplexica ulis.
Vagiiera sessilifoUa.
Viola adunca.
Wash ingtonia divarica ta.
Xeropliyllum ten ax.
PLANTS THAT OCCUR IN THE VANCOUVER STRIP, BUT NOT IN NORTH IDAHO.
Trees.
Acer circiiiaium.
Acer macroph yllum.
Alnus orcgaiia.
Arbutus mcnziesii.
Pyrus diversifolia.
Salix lasiandra.
Shrubs.
Arctostaphi/los tomeutosa.
Gaultheria shallon.
RhododeiidroN calif or nicum.
Rhus dirersiloba.
• Ribes bracteosum.
Ribes divaricatum.
Ribes sunguiiieum.
Sambucus callicarpa.
Vacciniuin ovatum.
Vaccinium parr i folium.
PIPEK FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASITINGTOX.
Herbs.
00
AcJihjs tripliijlhi.
AUotropa virt/ata.
B ik 111: 1(1 la form osa.
Equisetiuii Ichiiuteia.
Hciiiitoiiics coiH/estuiii.
Jniiciis cofiUei.
JiniCHS oxynierls.
Lathyrus pohjiihyllus.
Leptaxis vicnzicsii.
Liiiii>u('< ri Villa ri.s.
Pcianitcs speciosa.
Poa Jwirellii.
Polypodiinn occidenialc.
(itruthioptcris splcaiit.
Synthyris roUiudi folia.
Vancouveria licxaiiilra.
Ticia gigaiitea.
Viola lioirellii.
PLANTS THAT OCCUR IN THE MOISTER PARTS OF THE YELLOW PINE SUBAREA IN
WESTERN IDAHO. BUT NOT IN THE HUMID TRANSITION OF WESTERN WASH-
INGTON.
Trees.
Ahiiis toiiii folia.
Andromeda poli folia.
Berhcris rcpcih'<.
Chiogcnes liispidula.
Cornus slolonifera.
Lonicera conjiir/ialis.
Rhariniiis alnifolia.
Aeon if II m coUunhianum.
Acorus calamus.
Antcnn a ria racemosa.
Aralia niidicaiilis.
Arnica cordifolia.
A-^ter laevis gcyrri.
Calochortiis elcgans.
Carex geyeri.
Carex neltraskenf^is.
Clematis colmnbiana.
Clemati.^ hirsiitis.^ima.
Coptis occidenfalis.
Frasera t h j,vs iflo ra .
Shrubs.
Herbs.
Larix Occident alls.
Rihrs irrigimm.
R ibes vi.^co.'iis.'iim ii m .
RiiJiiiK strigej.^iis.
Samhiicus melanocarpa.
Spiraea co>-ym hosa.
Spiraea menzie.sii.
Genliana oregana.
Hydroijliylliim eapitatiini.
Ligiisticiim rerticillaiiim.
Mitella ■■itaiiropetala.
Pentstemon pinetoriim.
Petasites dentata.
Ranunculus platyphylUis.
Rudbeckia occidentalis.
Saniciila marilandica.
Sph aeralcea rir uhi ris.
Syntliyris rubra.
Therofon niajus.
Trim inn petiolatiim.
HUMID TRANSITION PLANTS COMMON IN WESTERN WASHINGTON. BUT VERY RARE IN
NORTHERN IDAHO.
Trees.
Cornus nutiallii. Occurs onlv in the vallev of the middle forlv of the Clearwater.
56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrubs.
Berheris nervosa. Near Faruiington.
Cornus occidetitaUs. Near Spokane, Wash.
Corylus califoruica. Near Kettle Falls. Wash.
EchinoixiiKi.i- horridinn.
Gaidthcria oratifolia. Priest Lake.
Rubiis iiiacroiJClaUis.
Rubus spcctahiliN. Priest Lake, very rare.
Herbs.
Auteunaria lioirrlUi. Cedar Mountain. Spangle, Wash.
Claytonki parv'ifoUa. Priest Lake; Packsaddle Peak.
CcAUnsia grandiflora. Troy.
Colloniid lictcrotihjiUa. Wiessner Peak.
CoraUorhiza striata. Cedar Mountain.
Erigeroii -speciosus.
Fritillaria laiweolata. Farminjiton Landing. Palouse City, Wash.
Heuchcra cylhidrlea. Near Lewiston.
Eosackia Jjicolor.
Hotcellia aqiiatilis. Lake Teseniini.
Liliiirii parviftoruw. Lake Pend Oreille.
Maiauthemnm bifolium kamtschaticiim. Priest Lake.
Micrainpclis orcgaiw. T'niatilla River, Oreg. Kettle Falls, Wash.
Mitelht caulescois. Faruiington Landing.
Pol [/(/oil um lji.'ear r.iue. rit-in^ . . ^.ourtesy of the Forest Service.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON,
59
The abundant herbs are
ClinionUi iiniftora.
D ispur II III oreiju n iiiii.
Lcptaxis menzicsii.
MiteUa cdiiJesceiis.
OxaVis orer/ann.
Oxalis trilliifdlia.
Plicyoptcri.'i drijoptcris.
Tru iitvcttcria r//7///(7/,s.
Ta (1)1 era sens ilifo lia.
Most of these occur also in the Transition.
The zone can, in fact, be recognized in Washington not so much by
any purely characteristic species as by the great abundance of species
relatively rare in the contiguous zones.
CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES OF THE CANADIAN ZONE."
Abies aiiuihilis.
Abies (/ran (lis
Abies iKjbilis.
*Coniiis canadensis.
*Lonicera eonjiKjialis.
Lonicera iitaliensis.
Menziesia ferriu/inea.
Pachijstinia mijrsinites.
Pijriis siichensis.
*Ribes ciliosiini.
Trees.
Shrubs.
Plerbs.
Allotropa virgata.
*Aneiii(jne deltoidea.
*Aneiii(jne piperi.
Antennaria raeeiiKjsa.
Arnica cordifolia.
*Cacaliopsis nardosmia (jiabrata.
*Cap)ioidcs scouleri.
*Cardaiiiinc li/allii.
Ceplialanthera aiistinae
CJielone neinorosa.
*Circaca alpi)ia.
Clai/ton ia asarifcAia.
*CIinto>iia uniftora.
Cop t is occiden tal is.
Corallorhiza corallorh iza.
CoraUorJt iza nicrtcnsiana.
Disponiin oreijaniini.
*Galiinn bifoliiun.
*He iich era in icra n tlia.
*KelJo(jgia gal io ides.
Lcptaxis menzicsii.
*Lijcopodimn annotin iini.
Lycopodium clavatuni.
Acer douglasii.
Pinus monticola.
Ta.viis brerif(jiia.
Ribes laxifioniin.
'^Ribcs riscosissini iiin.
*Riibus nivalis.
''^tSanibitciis nielaiKjcarpa.
tSyniph oricarpos ac ntiis.
* Vaccin i ii in sc(jpari uin.
Lijsias orbiciilata.
Mitella ca iilescens^
*Mon()tr(ipa hupopitijs.
Oplirys caiirina.
O.ralis (ircgaint.
*OxaJis triUiifulia.
Pciitstriiion d iff IIS IIS.
Phegoi)tcris drijoptcris.
PijroJa eh I(jra n ill a .
Pijrola seeunda.
R II d becJcia occiden talis.
'*Haiigiiisorba JatifoJia.
tiaxifrnija nicrtcnsiana.
I'^ediiin orcganiini.
Senecio triangularis.
*Streptopiis roseiis.
iSj/n til ijris ren iforni is.
Til era foil occidoitalc.
*Tiarclla iinifoliata.
Traatrcttcria grand is.
Vagnera scss Hi folia .
Viola glabella.
Viola orbiciilata.
o The species uiiirked with an asterisk are restricted to the Canadian zone.
60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
THE HUDSONIAN ZONE.
This is the highest of the timbered plant zones, its average altitude
in Washington being from 1,500 to 2,300 meters (5,000 to 7.500 feet).
The most widespread and characteristic tree in all the northwestern
mountains is the subalpine fir {Abies lasiocarpa) (PL XVII), In
the Olympic and Cascade mountains this is always accompanied by
the black hemlock {Tsuga meftensiana) , a tree which recurs locally
in the Bitterroots of Idaho, but which is unknown in the Blue Moun-
tains save on a single peak. It is not known whether this tree occurs
in the Okanogan Highlands. In the Olympic and Cascade moun-
tains the Alaska cedar {Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) is likewise a
characteristic tree, but it does not occur eastward from the latter
range. The white-bark pine {Finns (dbieanlis) also belongs to this
zone, and reaches a higher altitude than any other Washington tree.
It is absent from the Olympics, but occurs nearly throughout the
Cascade Mountains, and appears again on the higher peaks of tlie
Blues and Bitterroots.
Comparatively few shrubs and herbs are definitely limited to this
zone. Among the more conspicuous are an azalea {Rhododendron
albiforum)^ a currant {Ribes hoicellii), and the western mountain
ash {Pyrus occidentalis). In places the bear grass {XerophylluTn
tenax) occupies acres of ground, but this plant occasionally occurs as
low as the Transition zone.
In the following table is given a list of the characteristic Hud-
sonian species, showing their known appearance on the principal
peaks of the Cascade Mountains, namely. Mounts Stuart, Rainier,
Adams, St. Helens, Hood,° Mazama,^ and Shasta.'' Only small col-
lections have been made on Mount Baker, and for this reason the
species known to occur in the Cascade ]Mountains between the 48th
and 49th parallels are lumped for comparison. The table also shows
which species occur in the Arctic regions, in the Olympic Mountains,
in the Blue Mountains, in the Rocky Mountains as a whole, and in
the Sierra Nevada.
a Howell, Thomas. The Flora of Mount Hood, Mazama, vol. 1, pp. 28^8, 1896.
6 Coville, Frederick V. The Aujriist Vegetation of INIount Mazama, Mazama,
vol. 1, pp. 170-203, 1897.
f Merriam, C. Hart. Results of a Biological Survey of Mount Shasta. North
American Fauna, no. 16, 1899.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.
Plate XVI
< c
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 61
Distribution of characteristic H iidsoniaii species.
Name of species.
3
'St
c
c
<
a
Hi
o
o
c
(-<
01
o
'3
g
'S.
a
o
1
03
3
a
s
o
01
'3
«
a
§
B
<
5
3
"3
o
■a
o
o
K
c
§
s
'3
c
s
o
3
5
i
c
3
o
OS
>
o
IS
.a'
o
o
a
a
§
3
o
Abies lasi(toarpa
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
^
X
1 X
X
1
X
X
X
X
X
....
X
1
X
X
X
X
X
X 1 X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
....
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X !
X
X
X
y
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
.X
!
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
.. ^
X
X
( ;
....
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Mitella pentandra
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
■'xi::::
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
.X
X
X
-X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
.\
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Polemonium humile
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Khododendrou albiflorum
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
62
CONTEIBUTTONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Distrihtil ion (if rliiirurtrrixl ic II iKlsonid ii siiecies — C'(jntiiiiiecl.
■a
ci
o
c
'S
c
c
Name of species.
o
c
5
o
3
.s
'3
1
<5
"3
'C
'3
c
o
ci
oi
CO
5
c
3
o
IS
a
a
J3
s
5
=
3
5
0)
c
.a
t*
O
>i
o
o
o
o
o
3
o
X
o
<
^
o
1^
s
s
X
<5
X
pq
s
CO
«
s
Kihes liowcllii i
X
X
X
X
X
X
Kilics laxitiorum
X
1
l;ilu-s lent mil
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Kubus lasiocoeeus
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Rubus nivalis
X
Y
X
X
Saussurea americana
X
Saxifraga mertensiana
Sedum divergens
X
X
X
X
Senecio subiiudus
X
X
X
X
Seiiecio triangularis
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Spiraea densiflora
Tofieldia intermedia
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
....
X
X
X
Trollius laxus
Tsuga mertensiana
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Vaecinium deliciosum
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Vaeeiniura seoparium
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Valeriana sitchensis i .
X
X
X
X
X
X
Veratrum viride
X
X
THE ARCTIC ZONE.
This is sharply iiinrkcHl by the high altitude timber line. As before
explained, this line extends to a much higher altitude, TOO meters
or more on Mount Rainier, on the ridges than, in the draws between.
This, in general, is true of all the northweslern mountains. On the
highest mountain peaks flowering plants extend \\p to 3,200 meters
(10,500 feet) altitude. The lower portion of this zone, except
where there are rock outcroppings,. is covered with a dense carpet of
grasses and flowers. Among the more abundant of the former are
Festuca viridifla, Poa arctica, and Agrostis rossae. Among the more
conspicuous flowers in the damper places are a buttercup {Ranun-
culus suksdorfii), a marsh marigold {Caltha leptosej)ala) ^ and a shoot-
ing star {Dodecatheon 'je-jfreyi). On the drier slopes Pidsatilla occi-
den tab's raises its curious tasseled heads of akenes; a lupine {Lupinus
subalpini/s) forms great masses of blue; a painted cup {Castilleja
oreojjola) makes mats of dull crimson, and a cinquefoil {Potentilla
faheJJifoJla) furnishes an abundance of yellow. Even more con-
spicuous are the two ''■ heathers," PhyUodoce emjyetrifonnis and
Cassiope mcrfeyisiana^ the former with clusters of rose-j)urple flowers,
the latter with the clusters pure white.
Along the rills a beautiful blue gentian {Gentiana cahjeosa), the
crimson mimulus {Mhnulus lewisii), and the yellow arnicas make
parti-colorecl borders.
Two small- plants, a saxifrage {Saxifruya foh/iic/) and Luthea
pectinata are conspicuous only because they form dense mats.
PTPEK FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.
63
Along the limit of the meadows in what have been called "• pumice
fields *' a very different series of plants appear. Among the more
characteristic are a lupine (Lvpiin/s hjalli't)^ the curious Sprdguea
umheUata, an Eriogonum {E. coryphaeum)^ Oreastruiii (dpigennmy
Erhjcron aureus^ and Polemonhmi elegans.
The above description applies particularly to the Arctic Zone in
the Cascade Mountains. The flora of the same zone in the Olympics
is very similar, the principal differences being in the flora of the high-
est peaks. In the Blue jNIountains of Washington the Arctic Zone is
very limited in extent. The arctic flora of these last mountains is,
however, about as closely related to that of the Rocky ^Mountains as
to that of the Cascades.
The following list shows the same comparative data as regards
distribution as were shown for ITudsonian species:
r)ifii of charavieriKtic Arctlc-AJpbic species.
Name of species.
c
o
'5)
<
o
-a
o
O
o
'A'
c
'S
5
o
a
5
2
CO
o
'a
'3
«
B
3
o
a
03
<
c
Q
a
0)
w
CO
a
a
o
i
o
3
o
c
'3
5
s
CO
c
o
'3
c
u
.2i
CO
a
1
8
a
aniila i-caltrella
Cardamiue bcllidifolia
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
Carex brevveri
Carex cireinata
Carex illota
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Carex nardina
Carex nigricans
X
X
X
Carex spectabllis
Carex vernacula
X
Castilleja oreopola .
X
X
X
X
Castilleja rupicola
Castilleja suksdo^^;i
Clay tonia megarrhiza
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dodeeatheon ieffrevi
X
X
X
Donglasia laevigata
X
X
X
::::i::::
X
X
X
Draba lonchocarpa
X
X
...J....
64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
lUstrilmtidii of chiirdctcrislic Arctic-Alp'Die species — Continued.
Name of species.
1
"5;
o
<
o
■o
03
o
o
c
o
>5
d
'S
o
'S.
2
5
3
c
3
o
c
'3
5
-J.
1
•f,
c
3
o
s
"3
K
c
3
o
-§
o
K
c
3
o
IS
c
'3
c
3
o
o
_3
3
.a
o
ii hlooiiicri.
Galium hifolium.
*(Jciiiiaiia simplex.
Gilia iiiicroiiicria.
Gilia triierriiiia.
Ivcsia ha lie III.
f)rii<)'Iiriu xrapoidea.
*P(IJaca hreircri.
*Phuca holaiidcri.
I'hi/saiia iicichcrnji.
Poa holandcri.
*PotciitiUa breiccri.
*SaIi.r Icmmoiii.
*Sedu}ii debile.
*Siiicl(tir.sh-ia fremoiitii.
Xpliacrusviadiuiii capilcUatinn.
'riialictnim fciidlcri.
*Trif(:]iinn bcckirithii.
*Tri folium plummcrac.
SPECIES COMMON TO THE MOUNT STUART REGION. THE BLUE MOUNTAINS. AND THE
KLAMATH REGION.''
Agoscris rctrorsa.
*Arabis Icinnioiii.
*A ra h is s ii ffr ii tcsccii s.
Bikiikiilla iiniflora.
■'Brom us siilsdorfli.
Claiitoiiia iiici/arrhiza.
Cordi/laiitliiis rapitatiis.
Ericaiw'iia nana.
Eiipatoriiuii occidriitalc.
*Hoorcbcl,ia grccnci.
*Hoorebckia grcriiei inoUis.
Ivesia gordoiii.
Ledum gland ulosum.
Leicisia triphyUa.
*Meliea fugax.
Melica strieta.
Spiraea densiflora.
Spragiira uinheUata.
t^tipa leiiiiiioiii.
*Ver(iii iea ciisirkii.
*Viola hcckirilliii.
Mohi purpurea.
No especial attempt has been made to determine what species are
absent from the Bhie Mountains which might be expected to occur
there. It is especially striking, however, that all the forest trees of
" Species marked witli an asterisk are confined to tbe above regions.
6 Species marked with an asterisk are confined to these three regions.
«■ Species marked with an asterisk are confined to these two regions.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, tl
the adjoining Bitterroots ivach the Bines excepting- tlie liiglicr alpine
Lori.t hjallil and tlie giant cedar {Tluija pJicdta). Tlie absence
of the hist tree is tlie more marked as it is common thronghont the
Bittcrroots, even on most of the ontlying peaks.
Some few other i)lants connnon in the Bitterrqots are likewise
absent from the Blues. Among them are Frasera fastiginta^ Mitella
staw'opetaia, Fentstenioa putetoi'unc^ Coptls occidentalism and Asavum
C(lll(ll(fll III .
The explanation of this peculiar interrelation in the floras of these
distant mountains is probably to be sought in two facts. First, these
mountain regions are alike in being composed wholly or largely of
granite rocks; second, the intervening portion of the Cascades i^
wholly made up of volcanic rocks.
THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.
The gi-eater part of this range lies within the State of Oregon.
Its central portion, known as the Powder River Mountains, consists
of granitic peaks which rise to an altitude of 2,400 to 2,700 meters
(7,000 to 0,000 feet). Surrounding this granite center are lower
mountains composed wholly of basalt. Such is the case with the
jiortion which extends into Washington.
Occupying as they do a nearly central position in the Columbia Ba-
sin, quite- widely sej^arated from the Cascade Mountains to the west-
ward and the scattered mountains southward, while almost contig-
uous to the outlying ranges of the Bitterroots to the east, peculiar-
ities in the constitution of the flora of these mountains would be ex-
pected. That such is the case was recognized by their earliest ex-
plorer, Douglas, who made no less than three trips into this rather
unique region.
The general facies of the flora is that of all the other mountains
surrounding the Columbia basin. The great majority of the plants
are identical with those of the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains
and scarcely a smaller proportion with tho^-e of the adjacent moun-
tains in Idaho.
. An analysis of the remaining portion of the Blue Mountains flora
shows that it consists of several elements of diverse origin which
combine to make it peculiar. These elements are, first, those sj3ecies
that are known to occur only in the Blue Mountains; second, those
species which are common to the Rocky Mountains but which do not
reach the Cascades, and third, those species which are also of more or
less local distribution in the Cascade Mountains.
The plants known to be limited in distribution to the Blue Moun-
tains are neither numerous nor strikingly different from their nearest
relatives. In themselves they indicate scarcely more than that their
72
CONTRIBUTIOXS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
origin is comparatively recent. It is worthy of note that a hirge pro-
portion of them are habitants of the higher granitic portions of the
mountains. The list is as follows :
SPECIES CONFIXED TO THE BLUE MOUNTAIN'S.
Allium coUiniun.
Allium inacrum.
AJUu))i inadidiim.
AragaUus cusickii.
Ca la )n agrostis cusickii.
CastiUeja cufsickii.
Castilleja ruhida.
CastiUeja rustira.
Draha cusickii.
Eli/)inis iiitidus.
Erigcroii clni/sopsidis.
Erigeron mem hranaceus.
Eriugon um strict ui)i.
Era sera cusickii.
Lappula Jiispida.
Lath ijrus cusickii.
Lathgrus rigidus.
Lomatium cusickii.
Lomati u m orega n um.
Lupin us cusickii.
Lupin us sahiiici.
Lupin us sulphureus.
Madia ramosa.
Pcntstcmon cusickii.
Pentstcmon venustus.
Phaca cusickii.
Physaria oregana.
Potent ilia brcri folia.
Prim ula cusickiana.
Pteryj-ia focn iculacea.
Pteryxia thapsoides.
Quam as ia cus ick i i.
Ranunculus populago.
Senecio condensatus.
Sitanion lati folium.
To icnsoi d id (I Iji igen a.
The Rocky Mountain element consists of a considerable number of
species, including some genera which otherwise do not occur in
Washington or Oregon. Most of these are confined to the higher
granitic peaks, very fcAV occurring within Washington limits. The
presence of this Rocky Mountain element is undoubtedly a direct
result of immediate contiguity, though the species may have been
isohited on these remote peaks for a long j^eriod. It is noteworthy
that a number of the list reach the Sierra Nevada but not the Cas-
cades. The species are as follows :
SPECIES THAT OCCUR ALSO IN THE ROCKIES BUT NOT IN THE CASCADES.
Androsace septcntrionalis.
Anemone parviflora.
Arahis micropliylla.
Aster elegans.
Aster integrifolius.
Aster scopulorum.
Ca rex Ji ys trie in a.
Conioselinum scopulorum.
■Corallorh iza corullorh isa.
Draha alpina.
Draha glacialis.
Erigeron armeria( folius.
Erigeron coulteri.
Eriogo)t um pi peri.
Eritrichium eloiigatum.
Galium hifoliiim.
Hedysarum mackenzii.
Lepidium inonta)Uim.
Jjeucocrinum iimhclldtum.
Ligusticum ten ui folium.
Perapliyllum ramosissimum.
Phaca ahoriginum.
Phaca kentropliyta.
Polemonium coiifertum.
Pin us flexilis.
Salix fcrnaldii.
Senecio roiifolius.
Thlaspi glauca.
PIPEI
-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.
73
PLANTS KNOWN TO OCCUR ONLY IN WASHINGTON.
There are 158 recognized species and
])lants Avhich have thus far been found (
Washington. They are as follows:
Agastach e occi(Jent(ili'<.
Agropip'on flex ko"! inn.
Agropyron xa.rl>:ola.
Agropyron spicafiiin piibcru-
lentum.
Allium crenulatiiiit.
Alsine wash ington knta.
Ambrosia artonisiaefoJia di-
rersifolla.
AmelancJiicr ctiiicata.
Angelica caiihyi.
Antennaria con finis.
Antennaria Jien'lersoni.
Antennaria latisqiunna.
Antennaria leiicophaea.
Antennaria tonientclla.
Apocynum ciliolatmn.
Arabis atroru'bens.
Arabis sulrvillosa sccunda.
Arabis irhitrdii.
Arnica betonicarfolia.
Artemisia atom if era.
Aster elmeri.
Aster wattii.
Atriplex zosteraefolia.
Cacaliopsis narclosniia gla-
brata.
Calamagrostis incxpansa bar-
bitlata.
Calamagrostis langsdorfii lac-
tea.
Calamagrostis lirrcdyi.
Campanula pi peri.
Capnorea fulcrata.
Capnorea villosiila.
Carex ncbraskensis idtri-
formis.
Carex paddoensis.
Castilleja angustifolia ahJire-
riata.
C astille }a any u x i i folia
whitedii.
Castilleja elmeri.
Castilleja levisecta.
Castilleja miniata dixonii.
Castilleja crispula.
Castilleja rupicola.
Castilleja suksdorfiL
27 subspecies of vascular
)nlv Avithin the confines of
Clem a t is s ii Icsdorfi i.
Coelopleurum iimritim nm.
Crataegus piperi.
Crrpis glareosa.
Crepis rostrata.
CyiKimaratliriim brandcyci.
Delphinium riridescens.
Del pli in ill III .nmllioleitciim.
Douglasia dent a I a.
DrymocaUiK yluhntiit.
Epilobiiiin miritbilc.
Elymitx rondi'iisiitits piibens.
Ely III lis riresrcns-.
Eriyeroii aureus.
Erigeroii ciirrifoliiis.
Erigeron leiberyii.
Eriyeroii- poliosixriii »■••.
Erioyiiiuim donylasii ramn-
sum.
Eri/jgoitum iitiniin inn.
Eriogoinnti toliiiieaiiiiiii.
Eriogoinnii iniihi'lliitum hypo-
lei inn.
Erysini mil arcnicnla.
EucephuUi.s puiicicapitatns.
Fragaria criiiita.
Galium cyinosiiiii.
Hemieca rioUirca.
Hesperogcnia strirkhmdi.
Heuchera glabella rnlinnbiana.
Heiichera raceiwisa.
Hookera bicolor.
Hydastylus boreal is.
Eydastyl iis hraeh yp us.
Hypericum liryopli ytnni.
Isoetes erliiuospurii fidtii.
Isoetes mi III ma.
Isoetes piperi.
Junciis colinnbiaiins.
Lappitla ciliata.
Lappula cottoni.
Lappula liendersoni.
Lappula saxatiUs.
Lathyrus obovatiis sti pala-
ce us.
Lathy r us pauciflorus tenuior.
Leptotaenia watsonl.
Lesquerella douglasii.
74
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
LiSaxifraga apetula.
Sediim divergent!,
^enecio co)idrii!<(;1 us.
Senecio elnieri.
Senecio fiettii.
Senecio foetidus.
Senecio fraternus.
Senecio vaseyi.
Silene suksdorfii.
Sitanion basalticola.
Sit an ion. laiifoliiun.
Sitamion planifoUum.
Sitanion rubesccns.
Solidago caiirina.
Sphaeralcea longisepala.
Sphacrostigma hilgardi.
Sp ira ca ei.n erascens.
Spiraea hendersonii.
Stipa eoniata inlonsa.
Stipa elnieri.
Stipa thurberiana.
Syniphoricarpos a cut us.
Hynfliiiri-! pinna! ifida tonien-
tosa.
Synthyris schizantha.
Talin um spinescens.
Teucrium oecidentale risci-
duni.
Thelypodiiim streptantlioides.
Therofon ma jus intermedium.
Trillium crassifoUum.
Vtricitlaria intermedia.
Yaccinimn deUciosum.
Yagncra racemosa brachys-
tyla.
Yalcriana eohimbiana.
Yalerianella aplunioptcra.
Yalerianella mamillata-
Yerat um caudatnm.
Veronica allenii.
Yiola fiettii.
Yiola trinervata.
Xanthium oligacantli iini.
Rainiera and Ilesperogenia, are
PIPES FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. tO
PLANTS WHICH PROBABLY WILL BE FOUND TO OCCUR IN
WASHINGTON.
The follov>i:ig- list consists of species which are known (uther to
occur both in Oregon and British Cohnnbia, or else to grow within
i;> kilometers (10 miles) of the Washington boundary. Most oi
tlieui will prol)ably be found to occur in A^^^shington localities:
Agrostis hotccUil Serihuer. Rooster Rock. Oreg.
AUiiiui cH-sickii S. W;!t^'. Bluffs opposite Lewiston. Idaho.
AiidroDicda polifolia Ij. Priest Lake. Idaho.
Arnica aitrantincu Greene. Blue Mountains, Oreg.. and Cliilliwack, B. C.
Aster cordaleiuis Ilend. Lake Cceur d'Alene, Idaho.
Aster lyaUi A. Gray. Priest L.•d^e.
Astrof/dlus hoirellii A. (iray. Near The Dalles, Oreg.
linuhiiactis frondosa (Nutt. ) Gray. The D.-illes, Oreg.
(Uirc.r interior Bailey. Chilliwaek Valley, B. C.
Cliioi/cnes Jiispidiihi (L. ) Torr. & Gray. Priest Lake.
Ci/perns hoiightoiii Torr. Upi)er Ferry, near I.,e\viston, Idaho.
I>cli>hiniinn trolliifoliinn A. Gray. South hank of Cohnnhia below Cascades.
Eriijcron hoirellii A. Gray. Near tJie ("ascades cf the ("olunihia. Oreg.
Erioplioniin anf/ustifoliuni Roth. Ghilliwack Valley, P>. ('.
EujHitoriian piirpiireiini L. Saturna Island, B. G.
Festuca reflexa Buckl. Portland, Oreg., and Vancouver Island.
Iloirclliii ai/iiutilis A. Gray. Sauries Island, Oreg., and Kootenai County, Idaho.
J.epidiuni idahoense Heller. Lewiston, Idaho.
Lilaea suhulata H. B. K. Oregon and Vancouver Island.
Loniaiiiun donneUii Coult. & Rose. Near Lewiston, Idaho.
Microsrris higelorii A. (Jray. Oregon and ^^•lncouver Island.
Mimiihis cUvicoIa Greennian. Thatuna Hills, Idaho.
Mimulus scouleri Hook. Tongue Point, Oreg.
M it ell a stauropctala Piper. Thatuna Hills, Latah County, Idaho.
Myosurus sessilis S. Wats. Near Arlington, Oreg.
Onoclea strutliiopteris (L. ) Iloffni. Saturna Island, B. C.
Poa invaginata Scribner & Williams. Mitchells Point. Oreg.
tidlix prolixa Anders. iMouth of Fraser River. B. C.
Sanicnla marilandica L. North Idaho.
tSavastana maeropliylla (Thurb. ) Beal. Sauvies Island, Oreg.
Scirpiis niacoiinii Hohn. Chilliwaek Valley. B. C.
8ulUvuntia orcguna Wats. Multuomah Falls, Oreg.
76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF VASCULAR PLANTS
OF WASHINGTON.
POLYPODIACEAE. Fern Family.
Indusium wanting, tlie sori naked.
Son elongated, following the veins, often branched or netted. . Ceropteris (p. 76").
Sori round.
Leaves pinnatiiid; sori large, on the tips of the veins Polypodium (p. 76).
Leaves ternatc or twice to thrice pinnatifid; sori small, on
the backs of the veins Phegopteris (p. 77) .
Lidusiuni pi'csent.
Sori marginal covered by the more or less modified margin
of the leaf (false indusium).
Sporangia on a marginal vein which connects the ends
of the lateral veinlets Pteridium Cp. 78).
Sporangia at or near the ends of unconnected veins.
False indusium continuous Pell.\ea ( p. 78).
False indusium not continuous.
Sporangia on the under side of the fake in-
dusium - AuiANTUM ( p. 78) .
Sporangia on the leaf surface l)eiieatii the false
indusium Cheilanthes ( p. 79) .
Sori not marginal nor covered by a false indusium.
Fruit-bearing veins parallel to the midrib; sori linear.
Sori nearest to the margin; leaves of two sorts Struthiopteris (79).
Sori nearest to the midrib: leaves all r.like Woodwardia (p. 79).
Fruit veins not parallel to the midrib; sori not linear.
Sori oblong, on oblique veins.
Leaves pinnate, small, firm Asplenium (p. 80).
Leaves bipinnate, targe, flaccid Athyrium (p. 80).
Sori round.
Indusium conspicuous, peltate or reniform.
Leaves firm, coriaceous; indusium peltate.. Polystichum (p. 80).
Leaves membranaceous; indusium reniform. Dryopteris (p. 81).
Indusium inconspicuous, not peltate or reniform.
Indusium under the sorus, stellately divided. Woodsia (p. 82).
Indusium hooded, fixed by a broad base. .. . Filix (p. 82).
CEROPTERIS.
1. Ceropteris triangularis (Kaulf.) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 29: 6.30. 1902.
Gold-back ferx.
GyinruMjrainnte triangularis Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 73. 1824.
Gymnopteris triangularis Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 84. 1900.
Type locality: "Habitat in California." Collected b}' Chamisso.
Eange: British Columbia to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Gardner .392. Also reported from Eatonville,
Fhtt, and from near Port Angeles.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
POLYPODIUM.
Leaves leather}' ; veins more or less netted LP. scouleri.
Leaves membranous; veins free.
Pinnae attenuate, acute or acuminate 2. P. occidentale.
Pinnae short , obtuse 3. P. hesperium.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 77
1. Polypodium scouleri llook. & Grev. Icon. Fil. 1: pi. 5G. 1829.
Leather-leaf polypody.
Pobipodium jxidiyphijlhnn D. C Eaton, Am. Jourii. Sci. II. 22: 138. 1856.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Range: British Columbia to Calil'ornia along the coast.
Speclmens examined: Granville, Canard 320: Fort Canliv. Bnnwr, Octolter 29, 1881.
Zonal distribition: Hvniiid Transition.
2. Polypodium occidentale (Hook.) Maxon, Fern Bull. 12: 102. 1904.
Licorice polypody.
Poll/podium viilgare occidentale Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 2o8. 1840.
Polypodium falcatum Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 1: 20. 1854.
Type locality: "On rocks and decayed wood, common near the conflvience of the
Columbia with the sea." Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Alaska to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pipe/- 300; Port Ludlow, iJinns, August 20, 1888; Clal-
lam County, Elmer 2811; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition 11; Castle Rock, Piper,
October 31^1901.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Polypodium hesperium Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wasli. 13: 200. 1900.
Type locality: "In Coyote Canon, Lake Chelan, Washington." Collected by Gorman.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper,
August, 1895; Stehekin, Whited 1392; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 703; without locality,
Vasey 41; Cape Horn, Piper 5013, 5015; Mount Baldy, Conard 288; Kettle Falls, Beattie &
Chapman 2225.
Zonal distribution: Canadian to Arctic.
This species is the basis for the record of Polypodium imlgare L. in Suksdorf's List.
Polypodium californicum Kaulf. (Polypodium intermedium Hook. & Arn.) is reported
from the Columbia River, collected by Scouler, in Hooker's Flora 2: 258. It is quite
certain that there is a mistake here either as to locality or as to identity.
PHEG0PTERI3. Beech fern.
Plant denseU' tufted; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid _ I. P. alpestris.
Plants spreading by rootstocks; leaves triangular.
Leaves bipinnatifid; rachis winged 2. P. phegopteris.
Leaves ternate, the stalked divisions pinnate or l)ipinnate; rachis
wingless 3. P. dryopteris.
1. Phegopteris alpestris (Hoppe) Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 83. 185(3.
Polypodium alpestre Hoppe, Taschenb. 216. 1S05.
Type LOCALITY : European.
Range; British Columbia to Montana and California. Europe.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lj/a// in 1859; Clallam County,
Elmer 2806; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Henderson, August
10, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2111; Skagit Pass, Lake it Hull 658; Wenache region,
2,120 meters altitude, Brandegee 1222; Bridge Creek, Elmer 636.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2. Phegopteris phegopteris (L.) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 462. 1893.
Phegopteris polypodioides Fee, Gen. Fil. 243. 1850-52.
Polypodium phegopteris L. Sp. PI. 2:1089. 1753.
Polypodium phegopteris minus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 258. 1840.
Type locality; "Habitat in Europae fagetis et in \'iiginia.''
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Iowa, and Virginia. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined; Skamania County. Suksdorf 2035.
Zonal distribution: Flumid Transition.
^8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 243. 1850-52.
Pohjpodium dryopteris L. Sp. Fl. 2: 1093. 1753.
Polypodium dri/op'eris rigidius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 259. 1840.
Type locality: European.
R.\nge: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Virginia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Earner 2813; Whidby Island, Ga/r/npr 372; Port
Ludlow, Binns, June 18, 1889; Silverton, Bouck in 1899; Snoqualinie, Parker, August, 1892;
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 659; Stevens Pass, Sandberg d' Leiberg 778, Whited 1436; Horse-
shoe Basin, Elmer 732; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Davis Ranch, Kreager 212, 185;
lone, Kreager 404; Mount Carlton, Kreager 275.
Zonal distribution: Mostly Canadian.
ADIANTUM.
1. Adiaiitum pedatuni aleuticuni Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Ru.ss. Reich. 3: 49. 1845.
Maiden-iiair fern.
Adianturn pedatum rangiferlnuin Burgess, Proc. Roy. Soc. Canada 4"^: 11. 1SS7.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Range: Alaska to Quebec, south to California.
Speci.mens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2809; Mount Stuart, Sandberg d- Leiberg
820: Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Horseshoe Basin, Lake d: Hull 661: Elmer 723;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 20^0; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Seattle, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition to Canadian.
PTERIDIUM.
1. Pteridium aquilinum pubescens Uiulcrw. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 91. 1900.
Bracken.
Pieris aquilirui lanuginosa Bong. .Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 176. 1832, not Pteris
lanuginosa Bory 1810.
Type locality: Sitka.
RjVnge: Alaska to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Fish Lake, Dunn, August, 1900; Wenache Mountains, Whited
1416; Turawater Canyon, Sandberg d' Leiberg 520: Wawawai, Beaftie, July 12, 1902; Clea-
lum Lake, Cotton 1852.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition, al)undant; Arid Transition, occasional.
PELLAEA.
Veins manifest; leaves oblong, pinnate, the segments oblong, obtuse,
not crowded 1. P. occidenfalis.
Veins concealed; leaves ovate, tripinnate, the linear acute segments
crowded 2. P. densa.
1. Pellaea occidentalis (E. Nelson) R^^dberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 466. 1900.
Pellaea atropurpurea occidentalis E. Nelson, Fern Bull. 7: 30. 1899.
Pellaea pumila Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 4. 1900.
Type locality: " In a canon in the Laramie Hills," Wyoming.
Range: South Dakota to Wyoming and Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, 5»AWo// 2083.
Zonal distribution: Doubtful.
2. Pellaea densa (Brack.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 150. 1858.
Onychium densum Brack, in Wilkes Exped. 16: 120. t. 13. 1854.
Type locality: "Oregon, on the banks of Rogue's River."
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2810: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1105; Sand^
berg d' Leiberg 821; Stehekin River, Whited 1385; Blue Mountains, Horner 526; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Probably lludsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 79
CHEILANTHES.
Leaf-blades glabrous al)Ove, bipinnate; ultimate segments mostly entire. . ]. ('. r/raciUima.
Leaf-blades pubescent above, tripinnate or tripinnatifid: ultimate seg-
ments mostly crenate - 2. ( '. Jrn.
1. Cheilanthes graciUima D. C. Eaton, Bot. Mex. Bound. 234. 1859. Lace fern.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains of Oregon at 7,000 feet altitude, lat. 44°."
Collected by Newberry.
R.\nge: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens ex.\mined: Clallam County, Elmer 2814; Olympic Mountains, Piper 1054;
Mount Adams, SvlsJorf 521 ; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 1211: Stehekin River, Whifed 1384;
Lake Chelan, Whiied 1396: Bridge Creek, Elmer 6(50; without locality, Vasey 37, 38.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition to Hudsonian.
2. Cheilanthes feei Moore, Index Fil. 38. 1857.
M>jriopteris gracirts Fee, Gen. Fil. 150. 1850-52.
Cheilanthes lanuginosa Nutt.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 99. 1858.
Cheilanthes gracilis Mett. Abb. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: 80. 1859-61, not Kaulf.
Type locality: "Habitat ad rupes circa Hillsboro, in America septentr.'"
Range: British Columbia to Illinois, south to Arizona and Texas.
Specimens examined: Almota, Piper 1768, 1884.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
CRYPTOGRAMMA.
1. CryptogTamma acrostichoides R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. 367. 1823.
Type locality: "In shady rock}" woods, between lat. 56° and 60° north. (First
found by Mr. Menzies at Nootka Sound.)"
Range: Alaska to the Great Lakes, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Mmfr 2807; Mount Rainier, Pfpcr, August, 1895;
Flelt, July, 1895; Mount Stuart, Sandberg c& Leiberg, August 1, 1893; Skagit Pass, Lalse c&
Hull 660; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July 27, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg c& Leiberg 781 ;
mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 1209; Lake Chelan, Whited 1390; Horseshoe
Basin, Elmer 734; Davis Lake, ffrra^gr, August, 1902; without locality, T'or.yey in 1889;
Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 235; Cape Horn, Piper 5006, 4978.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
STRUTHIOPTERIS.
1. Struthiopteris spicant (L.) Weiss, PI. Crypt. 287. 1770. Deer fern.
Osmunda spicant L. Sp. PI. 2: 1066. 1753.
Lomaria spicant Desv. Mag. Gesell. Xaturf. Fr. Berlin 5: 325. 1811.
Blechnum doodioides Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 263. 1840.
Ty'pe LOCALITY': " Habitat, in Europa. "
Range: Alaska to California. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2803; Port Ludlow, Binns, August 20,
1889; Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 774; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
WOODWARDIA.
1. Wobd-wardia spinulosa Mart. & Gal. Mem. Acad. Brux. 15^: 64. 1842.
Woodwardia chantissoi Brack, in Wilkes Exped. 16: 138. 1854.
Type locality: Near Mount Orizaba, Mexico.
Range: British Columbia to Cahfornia, Arizona, and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Steilacoom, Flett in 1902.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
80 CONTEIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ASPLENIUM.
Sori curved; leaves flaccid, hipinnate, 0.5 to 1 m. long 1. A. cycJosoram.
Sori straight; leaves firm, 6 to 20 cm. long, simply pinnate.
Rachis brown ; leaf segments oval 2. A. trichoinane!^.
Rachis green : leaf segments ovate 3. A. viride.
1. Asplenium trichomanes L. Sp. PI. 2: 1080. 1753. Spleenwort.
Type LocALrrv: European.
Range: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Arizona, Texas, and Alabama.
Specimens examined: Snocjualmie Falls, Parker, August, 1892; Snoqualmie, TJind-
shaw; East Seattle, Hindshaw; west Klickitat County, iS'wZ.-.sfi'o?/ 1228; Cape Horn, Piper
4971; Quinault, Conard 220; Kirkland, Witlenmyer.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Asplenium viride Huds. Fl. Angl. 385. 1762.
Type locality: "Habitat in rupibus humidis in comitatibus Eboracensi et Westmor-
landica," England.
Range: Alaska to Oregon, Colorado, and Vermont. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Wenache Region, Brandegee 1216; near Mount Baker, FJelt.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian or Arctic.
ATHYRIUM.
1. Athyrium cyclosorum Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 41. 1845.
Type locality: " Petropawlowsk! et Unalaschka! Kadiak!"
Range: Alaska to Nebraska and California. Kamchatka.
Specimens examined: Olympia, Henderson, August 23, 1892: Stehekin, Whlted 1387;
Stevens Pass, Sandberg d; Leiberg 771; Skagit Pass, Lake ci' Hull, August 24, 1892; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 34.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition to Canadian.
This species has commonly been referred to A. Jilix-foem,ina (L.) Roth, from which it
appears amply distinct.
POLYSTICHUM.
Leaves simply j)innate.
L;-al-stalk short; segments ti'iangular or liroudly lance-
olate 1 . P. hnchitis.
Leaf-stalk long: segments linear-lanceolate.
Leaves 60 to 90 cm. long, the segments not over-
lapping 2. P. viun Iturn .
Leaves about 30 cm. long, the segments overlapping.. 2a. P. munifum imhricans.
Leaves hipinnate or bipinnatifid.
Sori few ; leaves hipinnate at base . 3. P. Jernmoni.
Sori numerous; leaves bipinnatifid at base . 4. P. scopvlinuni .
1. Pclysticlium loiichitis (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 71. 1800. Holly fern.
Pohjpodhnn lonchilis L. Sp. PI. 2: 1088. 1753.
Aspidhim hnchitis Sw. Schrad. Journ. Hot. 1800-: 30. 1801.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpinis Helvetiae, Baldi, Arvoniae, Monspelii, Virginiae. "
Range: Subarctic regions southward to California, Colorado, and Wisconsin. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper,
August, 1895; Goat Mountains, Allen, August 5, 1895; Skamania County, Suksdorf
20.56; mountains near Ellensburg, Brandegee 1220; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 659.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 81
2. Polysticnum munitum (^Kaulf. ) Piesl, Tent. Pterid. S3. 183(3.
Aspidium munitum Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 23(j. 1824.
Type locality: " Habitat in California. " Collected hy Chaniisso.
Range: Alaska to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2808; Montesano, Heller 4035; Seattle,
Piper, December, 1893; head of Twisp River, Whited 38; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Iliunid Transition.
2a. Polystichum munitum im.bricans (D. C. Eaton) Maxon, Fern Bull. 8: 30. 1900.
Aspidium munitum imhricans D. C. Eaton, Ferns N. Am. 1: 188. 1879.
Type locality: "In Plumas County" and "at Red Mountain, Mendocino County,"
California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, £/mf/' 2815; Feshnstin, Sandhery d' Leiberg,Ju\y,
1893; Lake Chelan, Whited 1382; Horseshoe B&s'm, Lake d; Hull 662; Tumwater Canyon,
Sandherg d^ Leiherg 517; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Chelan, Gorman 641.
Zonal distribution: Canadian or Hudsonian.
3. Polystichum lemm.oni Underw. Our Native Ferns, ed. 6. 116. 1900.
Type LOc.^LirY: "'Near Mt. Shasta, California."
Range: Alaska to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1114; Sandtferg d- Leiherg 812; Brandegee
1219.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
4. Polystichum. scopulinum (D. C. Eaton) Maxon, Fern Bull. 8: 29. 1900.
Aspidium aculeatum scopulinum D. C. Eaton, Ferns N. A. 2: 125. 1880.
Type locality: "In the L^pper Teton Canon in Eastern Idalio."
Range: Washington and Idaho to Califoi-nia.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1113; Mount Adams, Hemlcrson in 1883;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer IQl; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2084; Eatonville, Flett.
Zonal distribution: Canadian to IIud.sonian.
Flett's Eatonville specimens were referred to P. californicum (D. C. Eaton j Underw.,
but that species is not known to occur in Washington.
DRYOPTERIS.
Veins simple or once forked: leaves glandular \. D. oreopferis.
Veins freely forking.
Indusia with marginal glands 2. D. spinulosa dilatata.
Indusia without marginal glands 3. D.Jilix-mas.
1. Dryopteris oreopteris (Sw.) Maxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 638. 1901.
Aspidium oreopteris Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800-: 35. 180(3.
Polypodium montanum Vogler, Dissert. Polyp. Mont. 1781, not Lam. 1778.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Washington. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Bridge Creek, Elmer 671.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Dryopteris spinulosa dilatata (Hoffm.) Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 4: 116.
1893. Wood fern.
Polypodium dilataium HolTm. Deutsch. Fi. 2: 7. 1795.
Aspidium spinulosum dilataium Hook. Biit. Fl. 444. 1830.
Type locality: Germany.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, soutli to California, Montana, and Virginia. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2804; Montesano, Heller 3919; Samish
29418—06 m 6
OJ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Lake, Sulsdorf 1029: Lake Ciishman, Henderson 1206; Tacoma, Fhtt 140, 141; Skoko-
mish Valley, Kincaid, May 17, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 670; without locality Vasey
1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834. Male fern.
Poly podium filix-mas L. Sp. PI. 2: 1090. 1753.
Aspidium. Jilix-mas Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800-: 38. ISOl.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae sylvis."
Range: Ala.ska to Labrador, south to California, Michigan, and Nova Scotia. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, iS'i/tsrfo// 1230.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
FILIX.
1. Filix fragilis (L.) Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 119. 1900. Bladder fern.
Pohjpodium fragile L. Sp. PI. 2: 1091. 1753.
Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. Schrad. Neu. Journ. Bot. 1-: 27. 1806.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Kansas, and Georgia.
Specimens EXAMiNEb: Clallam County, Elmer 2812; Mount Rainier, Piper, August 12,
1889, 2106; upper Nacbes River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1219;
Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 26, 1892; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiherg 351; We-
nache Mountains, Whited 1075 ; Waitsburg, Horner 260 ; without locality, Vasey 49 ; Almota,
Piper, May 2, 1897.
Zonal distribution : Transition to Arctic.
WOODSIA.
Leaves viscid-pubei-ulent ; lobes of the indusiuni broader at base I. W . scopulina.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; lobes of tlie indusium hair-like 2. li'. oreyami.
1. Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. H. 2: 90. 1865.
Type locality: "Rock}- Mountains near 40° north latitude. Parry, Hall and Harbour;
Columbia River, Brackenridge; Frazer River, near 49° north latitude, Mrs. John Miles."
Range: Alaska to Ontario, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg foothills, Elmer 418; White Salmon, Suksdorf in
1879; Wenache River, Brandegee 1224; Rainbow Falls, Whiied 1407; Stehekin, Whited
1391; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lva//.' Spokane, Dora/f,- without locality, Fflse?/ in
1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4975.
Zonal distribution: Transition, mo.stly arid.
2. Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. H. 2: 90. 1865.
Woodsia ohtusa lyallii Hook. S3m. Fil. 48. 1868.
Type locality: " Dalles of the Columbia Rivei-, Major Raines; Rocky Mountains near
40° north latitude. Hall and Harbour.''
Range: British Columbia to the Great Lakes, south to California, Arizona, and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1877, Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 422; Coulee City, Piper 3850; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman,
May 27, 1896; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892: Pullman, Piper 1734; witliout locality,
Vasey in 1889; Davis Ranch, Ereager 218; near Spokane, /irea^e/' 171; Coulee City, Piper
3850; Republic, Beattie & Chapman 2258.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 8o
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE.
Sterile portion of leaf simple, entire : veins netted Ophioglossum.
Sterile portion of leaf pinnately divided or conipoinid : veins free Botryciiium.
OPHIOGLOSSUM.
1. Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1062. 1753. Adder's tongue.
Type locality: " Habitat in Eiuopae pratis sylvaticis."
Range: Washington to Arizona, Texas, and Maine. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, Suksdorf, June 26, 1895; Falcon Valley,
S uJcsdorf 121S.
Zonal distribution: Ihunid Transition.
BOTRYCHIUM. Grape fern.
Bud in a cavity at one side of the base of the stem: leaves thin, ternate,
then pinnately much divided 1. B. virginianum.
Bud inclosed in the base of the stalk.
Sterile portion of leaf arising near the base of the rather large plant. 2. B silaifolium.
Sterile portion of leaf arising near the middle of the usually small
plant.
Green part of leaf oblong, its segments fan-shaped.
Segments truncate at base, overlapping 3. B. lunaria.
Segments cuneate at base, distant A. B. ononJagense.
Green part of leaf triangidar or ovate, the segments not fan-
shaped.
Segments lanceolate, acute; niidvein continuous 5. B. lanceolatuin.
Segments oblong-ovate, obtuse; midvein dissipated 6. B. neglectum.
1. Botrychium virginianum (L.) S\v. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800-: 111. 1801.
Osmunda v'trgbdana L. Sp. PI. 2: 1064. 1753.
Ty'pe locality: '"Habitat in America."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Washington, Arizona, Texas, and
Florida.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 906.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Botrychiuni silaifolium Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 76. 1825.
Botrychium occidentale Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 26: 538. 1898.
Type locality: "Hab. in Nootka-Sound."
Range: British Columbia and Washington.
Specimens exa^mined: Lake Cushman, Henderson 18.52; Seattle, Tarleton, July, 1894;-
Piper, October, 1892; Lake Wenache, Sandherg d' Leiherg 6.39; Usk, Krenger 360; Lake
Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species appears in Suksdorf's List as Botrychium ternatuin Swartz.
3. Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800-: 110. 1801.
Osmunda lunaria L. Sp. PI. 2: 1064. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Washington to Colorado and Labrador and northward. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Smith, Octohev, 1888; Mount Adams, (S'«A-S(/o//,
July 11, 1886.
ZoN.A.L distribution: Arctic.
The Mount Adams specimen is the l)asis for the inclusion oi Botrychium simplex Hitch-
cock in Suksdorf's List.
84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Botrychiuni onondagense Underw. Bull. Torr. Clul) 30: 47. 1903.
Type locality: Near Split Rock, Syracuse, New York.
Range: Washington, Mo::ta::a, Michigan, and New York.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains at foot of Mount Steele, Piper 928.
Zonal distribution: Doubtful.
5. Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Ginel.) Angs. Bot. Notiser 1854: 68. 1854.
Osmunda lanceolata S. G. Gmel. Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Petrop. 12: 51G. 1768.
Type locality: European.
Range: Washington to Colorado, Pennsylvania, and northward. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Foot of Mount Rainier, Allen, August 2, 1899.
Zonal distribution: Probably Canadian.
6. Botrycliiuin neglectum Wood, Classbook Bot. 635. 1847.
Type locality: "Growing in woods, Meriden, N. H."
Range. Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, South Dakota, and Maryland.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Sutsf/o;/ 1220.
MARSILEACEAE.
MARSILEA.
1. MarsHea vestita Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. pJ. 159. 1832.
Type locality "Ad flumaen Columbiam, ora occidentali Americae Septentrionalis."
Range: British Columbia to Kansas and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 227; opposite mouth of Wenache River,
Waisoii 470; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 119; Columbia River Valley, Brandegee
1225; Wenache, Whited 1426; Pasco, Himhhaw 35; Lake Chelan, Lake <& Hull 657; Pull-
man, Piper 1736; Henderson 2431; Wmota., Piper, September 9, 1896; Sentinel Bluffs,
Cotton 1347.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
SALVINIACEAE.
AZOLLA.
1. Azolla caroliniana Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 541. 1810.
Type locality: "Hab. in aquis Carolinae."
Range: British Columbia to Ontario, south to Florida and Mexico.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sj/Zrsrfor/" 1216. -
Zonal distribu'"ion: Upper Sonoran.
EQUISETACEAE.
- EQTJISETITM. Horsetail.
Stems evergreen, perennial; spike tipped with a rigid point.
Plant tall and stout; stems many-grooved, 0.5 to 2 meters high.
Stems rough-tuberculate, dark green I.E. Jiyemale.
Stems smooth, pale 2. E. laevigatum.
Plants tufted, slender; stems 5 to 10-grooved.
Sheaths 5 to 10-toothed; stems hollow "i.E. variegatuni.
Sheaths 3-toothed ; stems solid 4. £. scirpoides.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 85
Stems annual; spikes not mucronatc.
Fertile stems pale-brown, short-lived; sterile with man}- branches.
Stems slender, 6 to lO-furrowed 5. E. arvense.
Stems stout, 20 to 40-furrowed 6. E. tdmateia.
Fertile stems green like the sterile, naked or branched.
Stems obscurely ridged ; sheaths appressed 7. E.jiuviatile.
Stems acutely ridged : sheaths loose 8. £■. palustre.
1. Equisetum hyemale L. Sp. PI. 2: 1062. 1753. Scouring rush.
Type locality: "Plabitat in Europae sylvis, asperis, uliginosis."
Range: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Georgia. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens exajMined: West Klickitat County, S u]c-.f.
Erect shrubs or trees; leaves of two forms.
Leaves ver}- resinous, dark green 2. J. occidentalis.
Leaves not resinous, often glaucous' 2>. J . scopitJorum.
1. Juniperus communis sibirica (Burgsd.) Ilydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 533. 1896.
.Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Anleit. Holz. no. 272. 1787.
Juniperus communis alpina Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 276. 1812.
Juniperus communis montana Ait. Hort. Kew 3: 414. 1788.
Type locality: Siberia.
Range: Arctic regions, soutli in the mountains to California, Colorado, and Maine.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2487; Stevens Pass, Sandberg dc
Leiherg 768; Mount Rainier, Piper 2099; Loomis, Elmer 600; Mount Adams, Henderson,
August, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arctic or rarely lower.
Common in tlie mountains at from 900 to 2,100 meters elevation. Hooker refers Tolmie's
Mount Rainier specimens to J. communis L., but they belong to the above subspecies.
2. Juniperus occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. \n\. 2: 166. 1839. Western juniper.
Type locality: "Common on the higher parts of the Columbia, at the base of the
Rocky Mountains, where it attains a height of 60-80 feet, and a diameter of 2-3 feet."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Near Eltopia, Cotton 1022 in 1903.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This is the only known station for the western juniper north of Oregon. The exact place
is locally known as Ryegrass Coulee or Juniper Canyon, some 30 miles southwest of Kahlo-
tus and near Fishhook Ferry on Snake River. Tiie junipers occur in scattering groves on
the floor of the coulee, tlie largest groves being al)out 100 acres in extent. None of the
trees are ov<'r 7 meters high.
3. Juniperus scopulorum Sargent, Gard. & For. 10: 420. 1897.
Rocky Mountain juniper.
Type loc.vlity: Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado. '
Range: Vancouver Island eastward to Montana and south in the Rocky .Mountains to
Arizona; also in the Black Hills.
Specimens examined: Orcas Island, Heiulerson, July, 1892; Sucia Island, Randolph,
October, 1892; Wenache, Whiied 1001; Sandberg cfc Leiberg, July, 1893; near Lake Chelan,
Lnle d' Hull 631; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Piper, September, 1896; Peshastin,
Sarulberg d- Leiberg 471: without locality, Vasey 58, Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2488;
lone, Kreager 407; Fidalgo Island, F/eW 2116; Sentinel Blufl's, f'oWon 1359; Everett, Piper,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 91
Zonal distribution: Mostly Atid Transition, but also Upper Sonoran. It also reap-
pears in the Humid Transition in northwest ^Vashington.
There is some doubt as to whether the form found in western Washington is identical
with that of the interior. Better and more copious material is needed to determine the
point definitely.
CHAMAECYPARIS.
1. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Lamb.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 11: 333. 1842.
Alaska cedar. Yellow cedar.
Cupnssus nootkatensis Lambert, Gen. Pir.us 2: 18. 1824.
Chaniaecyjxiris nutkaensis Spach, Hist. \"eg. 11: 333. 1842.
Type locality: Nootka Sound.
Range: Alaska south to Mount .lell'erson. Oregon, mainly in the Cascade and Coast
Mountains: perhaps in north Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890: Henderson 2047; Elmer
2481: Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 854; Skagit Pa.ss, Lake d' Ibill 632: Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Sandherg d' Leiberg 796: Mount Rainier, Piper
2103: Allen 207; Goat Mountains, Allen 207a.
Zonal distkibution : Hudsoniau.
THUJA.
1. Thuja plicata Donn, Hort. Cantab, ed. 6.249. 1811. Giant cedar.
Thuja gigantea Xutt. Journ. Phila. Acad. 7: 52. 1834.
Type locality: Nootka Sound. Collected by Menzies.
Range: Southern Alaska to northern California, eastward to Montana, and south to the
Salmon River, Idaho.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 599; Olympia, Henderson, April, 1892; Port Lud-
low, Binns, September 9, 1890; Nisqually Valley, Allen 304; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf AS)^;
Skagit Pass, Lake dc Hull 637: Peshastin, Sandherg d' Leiberg 483: Colville, Lyall in 1860;
without locality, Vasey 63; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2484; Stehekin, Whiied 1407.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition mainly.
For illustration of a giant cedar forest see frontispiece.
PINTJS.
Leaves 5 in each fascicle; scales of the cones unarmed.
Cones oblong-cylindric, 10 to 30 cm. long 1 . P. monticola.
Cones ovate or globose, 4 to 8 cm. long 2. P. albicaulis.
Leaves less than 5 in each fascicle; scales of the cones armed.
Fascicles containing 3 leaves; cones large 3. P. ponderosa.
Fascicles containing 2 leaves: cones small 4. P. contorta.
1. Pinus monticola Dougl. in Lambert, Dcsc. Gen. Pinus ed. 2. 3: 27. i. 87. 1837.
Western white pine.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Range: Southern British Columbia, south to central California, eastward to western
Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895: Elmer 2485; Port
Ludlow, Binns; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860: Horseshoe Basin, Okanogan
County, Elmer 862; Skagit Pass, Lake d- Hull, August 24. 1892: Nisqually \'alley, Allen
315; without locality, Vasey 51.
Zonal distribution: Mainly^ Canadian.
In Hooker's Flora our species was mistaken for its eastern relative P. strobus.
2. Pinus albicaulis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 209. 1868. White-bark pine.
Pinus cembroides Zucc. err. det. Newberry, Pac. R. R. Rep. 6: 44. 18.57.
92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: Cascade Mountains, Oregon, about latitude 44°. Collected by Newbeirv.
Range: British Columbia, south in the Cascades and Sierras to San Bernardino County,
California, eastward to western Montana and to the Blue Mountains.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Pipfr 2095; Smith 1089; Mount Adams, //erwZer-
son, August 9, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
In Lyall's report this pine is erroneously referred to as P. fexilis James.
3. Pinus ponderosa Dough; Lawson, Man. Agr. 55.^. 1836. Yellow fixe. Blll pine.
Type locality: Washington, on the Spokane River. Collected by Douglas. "" '
Range: British Columbia to South Dakota, southward to Texas and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1351, 1356; Steamboat Rock,
Grand Coulee, McKay 19.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition, but occasional in the Upper Sonoran.
This is the common forest tree of eastern Washington. West of the Cascade Mountains
it occurs locally on the gravelly prairies, as near Hillhurst. For illustrations of yellow-
pine forests see Plates XIV and XV, facing pages 49 and 50.
4. Pinus contorta Dough: Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2292. /. 2210, 2211. 1838.
Shore pine. Lodgepole pine.
Pinus murrayana Balf. in Murray, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon t. 3.f. 2. 1853.
Pinus contorta hendersoni Lemmon, Erythea 2: 176. 1894.
Pinus tenuis Lemmon, Erythea 6: 77. 1898.
Type locality: "In North-West America, in swampy ground near the sea coast; and
abundantly near Cape Disappointment and Cape Lookout.'' Collected by Douglas.
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Westport, fleZZer3946; Mount Rainier, ^l/Zf^n 308; Mount Adams,
Suhsdorf, September 28, 1896; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 474; Whited 1356; McAllisters
Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, September 29, 1896, and 1259;
Pend Oreille River, Li/a// in 1861: without locality, Vasen'm 1889: Blue Mountains, Piper,
July 31 , 1896.
Zonal distribution: Transitional to Canadian.
This pine is very variable and by some botanists considered to consist of two species.
The typical P. contorta of Douglas is the scrubby tree so common along the ocean coast
near the shore. Away from the coast it occurs either in sterile gravelly soil or in sphagnum
bogs. It is usually a small tree, but occasional examples are met 90 cm. in diameter and 30
meters or more high. East of the Cascade Mountains it forms the " lodgepole pine," Pinus
murrayana of some botanists. This ordinarily forms dense forests, often of considerable
area, in nearly pure growth, the trees being very uniform in size, 20 or 25 cm. in diameter
and 18 to 22 meters high. But occasional specimens are found 90 cm. in diameter and 45
meters high.
If there are any characters by which contorta and murrayaim may be distinguished botan-
ically, they remain to be pointed out. None of the slight differences heretofore relied upon
are at all constant.
Some of the earlier botanical writers referred to our tree erroneously as Pinus inops Sol.
or Pinus hanhsiana Lamb.
LARIX.
Alpine tree ; branchlets and bud scales woolly I. L. lyallii.
Subalpine tree; branchlets and bud scales glabrous 2. L. occidentalis.
1. Larix lyallii Pari. Enum. Sem. Hort. Reg. Mus. Flor. 259. 1863. Woolly larch.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains et Gallon Ranges Rocky Mountains, latitudinis
49° ad 2100 et 2300 m." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Mountains of British Columbia, south to Mount Hood, Oregon, and to the Lolo
Pass, Idaho.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON'. 93
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Brandegee, July, 1883; Cascade Mountains, lati-
tude 49°, LyaZZin I860: North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1S97: Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1352.
Zonal distribution: Iludsoaian.
One of our rarest conifers, most plentiful on the Wenache Mountains and northwai'd.
2. Larix occidentalis Nutt. Sylva 3: 143. /. 120. 1849. Western larch.
Type locality: "In the coves of the Kocky Mountains on the western slope toward
the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Cascade Mountains of British Columbia and AVashington eastward to Montana
and south to the Blue Mountains.
Specimens examined: Upper Naches River, Henderson, June 10, 1892; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 2\2; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Pi-pcr,
August 2, 1896; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 812.
Zonal distribution: Mainly Canadian.
ABIES.
Cones with conspicuous reflexed bracts 1 . ^4. nohilis.
Cones with the bracts concealed.
Leaves notched at apex, usually spreading horizontally on the
branches ; cones green 4. A. grandis.
Leaves not notched at apex, mostly acute, not horizontally spread-
ing; cones purple.
Alpine tree; cones puberulent, 5 to 7 cm. long 2. ^4. lasiocarpa.
Subalpine tree; cones not puberulent, 7 to 10 cm. long 3. ^4. amabilis.
1. Abies nobilis Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 30. 1833. Noble fir.
Type locality: Collected by Douglas on high mountains, Oregon, near the Cascades
of the Columbia.
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 314: Piper in 1889; Mount Baker, John-
son; Soleduck River, Olympic Mountains, Sargent.
Zonal distribution: Canadian or Iludsonian.
2. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Sylva 3: 138. 1849 Alpine fir.
Pinus lasiocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 163. 1842.
Abies suhal'pina Engelm. Am. Nat. 10: 555. 1876.
Type locality: "Interior of N. W. America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Alaska southward in the mountains to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890: Cascade Mountains, lati-
tude 49°, Lyali in 1860; Goat Mountains, Allen 312; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 31, 1896:
Mount Rainier, Piper 2101.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
The Olympic Mountains form of this species often has exserted bracts to the cones. The
form on the Blue Mountains has much larger cones than that occurring on Mount Rainier.
For illustrations of this species see Plate XVII, facing page 60.
3. Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, Pinetum Wob. 125, /. 44- 1839. Amabilis fir.
Picea amabilis Dougl.: Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2342. 1838.
Type locality: Collected l)v Douglas on high mountains, Oregon, near the Cascades
of the Columbia.
Range: British Columbia, south in the Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon:
also in the Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895; Mount Rainier, Allen 313;
Piper in 1888.
94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
Mr. Suksdorf informs me that the Abies magnifica Murr. ? of his list is probably only
A. amahilis.
4. Abies grandis Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 30. 1833. White fir.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Range: British Columbia south to northern California, eastward to Montana and the
Blue Mountains, Oregon.
Specimens examined: East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Port Ludlow, Bums,
September 3, 1890; Tacoma, Flett, April 20, 1897: upper Xisqually Valley, Allen 311;
Skagit Pass, Lake d- Hull, August, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall, July, 1860; Blue
Mountains, Piper, Juh', 1897.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian. '
The tree recorded from near Mount Rainier by Plummer as Abies concolor (Gord.) Parry
is probably an erroneous identification of a form of A. grandis.
PSETJDOTSUGA.
1. Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf. ) .Sudw. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 266. 1895.
Red fir. Douglas spruce.
Abies mucronata Raf. Atl. Jouru. 120. 1832.
Abies douglasii Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 1833.
Pseudotsuga douglasii Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. ed. 256. 1867.
Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 8: 74. 1889.
Type locality: Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon.
Range: Alaska and British America, latitude 5-5°, south to southern California, Arizona,
and western Te.xas.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2480; Nisqualiy ^'alley, Allen 209;
head of Grand Coulee, McKay 23; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 811.
Zonal distribution: Mainly Humid Transition.
The commonest tree of the State, making up the l)ulk of the forest west of the Cascade
Mountains and common in eastern Washington in the upper part of the yellow pine zone.
For illustration of a red fir forest see Plate VII, facing page 36.
TSUGA.
Lowland tree; cones 1 to 2 cm. long 1. T. heterophylla.
Alpine tree ; cones 5 to 7 cm. long 2. T. mertensiana.
1. Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. Silva N. A. 12: 73. 1898. Western hemlock.
Abies heterophylla Raf. Atl. Journ. 119. 1832.
Type locality: Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon.
Range: Alaska to northern California and western Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2482; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 710; Seattle, Piper, September, 1896; Chambers Lake,
Henderson, August 23, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, September, 1890; Nisqualiy Valley,
Allen 305; Yakima Pass, Watson 384; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July 26, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
In Cooper's report and other early botanical works this hemlock was referred to the
eastern T. canadensis. For illustration of a hemlock forest see Plate XVI, facing page 58.
2. Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. ed. 250. 1867.
Black hemlock.
Pinus mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 45. 1832.
Abies pattoniana Jeffrey, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon. 1853.
Tsuga pattoniana Engelm. in Wats. Bot. C\\\. 2: 121. 1880.
Tsuga hookenana Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. ed. 252. 1867.
Type locality: Sitka.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 95
Range: Alaska to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic ilountains, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Elmer 2483;
Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Allen 306; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892;
Skagit Pass, Lake cC' Hull, August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 871, September, 1897.
Zonal DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.
PICEA.
Leaves flattened; sea-coast tree 1. P. sitchensis.
Leaves quadrangular: subalpine tree 2. P. engelmanni.
1. Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Traut. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 87. 1856. Sitka spruce.
Punis sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 164. 1832.
Abies menziesii Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 18.33.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Along the coast from Alaska to northern California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2489; Hoquiam, Lamb 1075; Seattle,
Piper in 1885.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
A very abundant tree along the ocean coast, but only locally plentiful on Puget Sound.
2. Picea engelmanni Parry in Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 212. 1863.
Engelmann spruce.
Picea Columbiana Lemmon, Gard. c^c F(jr. 10: 183. 1897.
Type locality: "Higher parts of the Rocky Mountains, from New Mexico to the head-
waters of the Columbia and Missouri rivers."
R.ange: British Columbia, .southward to Ai-izona in the Rocky Mountains, and in the
Cascade Mountains of Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenacho, Elmer i7'S\ Blue Mountains, PZ/v/-, July 31, 1896; east
side Cascade Mountains, Lyall; without localit}', Vasey 64.
Zonal distribution: Mainly Canadian.
The Klickitat County specimens considered by Suksdorf to represent Picea pungens
Engelm. and so listed seem rather to Ijc P. engelmanni.
TYPHACEAE.
TYPHA.
1. Typha latifolia. L. Sp. PI. 2: 971. 1753. " Cattail.
Type locality: "Habitat in paludibus Europae."
Range: Throughout the northern hemisphere except the Arctic regions.
Specimens examined: Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1007; Rock Lake, Lake cfc Hull 627;
Pullman, Piper, July 15, 1901; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 532: Stehekm, Griffiths d;
Cotton 226; Prosser, Cotton 740.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
The cattail is exceedingly common about lakes and marshes in western Washington and
scarcely less so in eastern Washington. Botanical specimens of it are, however, seldom
gathered.
SPARGANIACEAE.
SPARGANITJM. Bur reed.
Inflorescence branching.
Fruits stalked 1 . S. ennicarpum.
Fruits sessile 2. N. androcladum.
96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Inflorescence simple.
Stems erect 3. .S'. simplex.
Stems floating.
Nutlets fusiform, dariv, 4 mm. Ion"; 4. iS'. a nyusti folium.
Nutlets oblong, obovate, 2 to 3 mm. long 5. <9. minimum.
1. Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 4.30. 1856.
Type locality: "Borders of ponds, etc., common northward and especially westward."
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California, Utah, and Virginia.
Specimens examined: Kalispel Lake, Kreager 488, a doubtful .specimeiL
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong, Bull. Torr. C]ul> 15: 78. 1888.
Sparganium .simplex androcladum Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 481. 1867.
Type locality' "From New England southward and e.specially westward."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas and Florida.
Specimens examined: NearMontesano, Heller 3865; Seattle, Piper 713; Tacoma, Fhif 151 :
Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Rock Lake, Lai- e <& Hull GSO; Touchet RWer, Horner 20.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species was referred to in Cooper's Report as S. ramosum Smith.
3. Sparganium simplex Iluds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 401. 1778.
Type lo('ality: "Circa Norwich," England.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Smith 712; Pe-
shastin, Sandberg dfc Leiherg 600; Lake Keechelus, /7e7i(/er,'.'0?i, July, 1892; without locality,
Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Sparganium angustifolium Michx. Fl. 2: 189. 1803.
Sparganium simple.r arigii.stifoHum Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 481. 1867.
Type locality: "Hab. in amnibus Canadao."
Range: British Columbia to California, east to Ontario and New York.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Va.sey iu 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Sparganium mininium Fries, Sum. Veg. 2: 560. 1846.
Type locality: Scandinavian.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Oregon, Utah, and Pennsylvania.
Europe.
Specimens ex.\mined: Mount Rainier, Smith in 1889; Mount Adams, Henderson, August,
1882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf .'ylS; Spokane Falls, Watson 399; without locality, Va.sey in
1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
POTAMOGETONACEAE.
POTAMOGETON. Pondweed.
Floating leaves broad; stipules free.
Submerged leaves grass-like.
Stipides long; floating leaves subcordate at base \. P. nutans.
Stipules short ; floating leaves attenuate at base 2. P. nuttallii.
Submerged leaves lanceolate.
Floating leaves 30 to 50-nerved 3. P. amplifolius.
Floating leaves 10 to 20-nerved.
Petioles of floating leaves short 4. P. alptnus.
Petioles of floating leaves long.
Stipules obtuse 5. P. heterophyllus.
Stipules acuminate 6. P. lonchites.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 97
Floating leaves none.
Leaves all oblong or lanceolate.
Base of leaves clasping; apex acuminate 1 . P. ferfoUatnx.
Base of leaves not clasping; apex not acuminate.
Leaves obtuse, cucullate, sessile 8. P. ]>raelon(i>i.s-.
Leaves acute, short-petioled 9. P. lucens.
Leaves all narrowly linear.
Stipules adnate to the sheathing base of the leaf.
Leaves setaceous, 1 to .5-nerved 13. P. peciinatus.
Leaves ]inear-lancet)late, many-nerved 14. P. rohbinsii.
Stipules free.
Leaves tape-like; spike cylindric; fruit large 10. P. zosferaefoJiiis.
Leaves not tape-like; spike not cylindric; fruit small.
Spike capitate; peduncles very short \l. ]'. californiciis.
Spike interrupted; peduncles long 12. P. pusiJlus.
1. Potamogeton natans L. Sp. PI. 1: 126. 17.53.
Type loc.vlity; European.
Range: North America. Europe. Asia.
Specimen.s examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Li/aU in 1859; Oyhut, Lamh 12.59;
Tacoma, Flett 13.5; Falcon Valley, Suhsdorf, July 17, 1886: Pend Oreille River, L>jaU in
1X61.
2. Potamogeton nuttallii Cham. & Schleclit. Linnaea 2:226. f. l].f.2o. 1827.
Potamogeton daytonii Tuck. Am. .Tourn. Sci. 14: 38. 1843.
Type locality: None given.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Nova Scotia and South Carolina.
Specimens examined: ISlontesano, Heller 4072; lUv&co, Henderson mlSSG: Lake Wash-
ington, Piper, September, 1892; Mount Constitution, Henderson 2477; Spokane County,
Henderson 2476; Waitsburg, Horner R16.
3. Potamogeton amplifolius Tuck. Am. Jovun. Sci. II. 6: 22.5. 1848.
Type locality: Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Range: British Columbia to Ontario, south to Washington and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 421; Pullman, Henderson 2474; Kalispel
Lake, Kreager 441; Whatcom County, Sulsdorf, .\ugust 1. 1890.
4. Potamogeton alpinus Balbis, Mem. Acad. Turin 7:323. 1803.
Potamogeton riifescens Schrad.; Cham. Ad. Fl. Ber. .5. 1815.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Snl'sdorf, September, 1879; Trout Creek, Suls-
dorf 2172.
5. Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. Spicileg. Fl. Lips. 21. 1771.
Ti'PE locality: "In stagno ad Lindenthal," Germany.
Range: Throughout most of North America. Europe.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Lake d.' Hull 614; Okanogan River, Watson 396;
Tumwater Canyon, Sandherg & Leiberg 524; Falcon Valley, Snksdorf, August, 1885.
6. Potamogeton lonchites Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 6:226. 1848.
Type locality: "Common in New England and extending southward to V'irginia."
Range: Washington to New Brunswick, south to California and Florida.
Specimens e.xamined: Clallam County, Elmer 2798; Silver Lake, Henderson 2475;
Okanogan River, Watson 398, Pend Oreille River, Lgall in 1861; Whitman County, Hen-
derson 2473; Union Flat, Piper, August 4, 1899, without locality, Vaseg in 1889.
29418—06 M 7
98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Potamogeton perfoliatus richardsonii Bennett, Journ. Bot. 27: 25. 1889.
Potamogeton perfoliatus lanceolafus Robbins in Gray, Man. ed. 5. 488. 1867, not P. lanceo-
latus Smith, 1824-28.
Type locality: "Along the Great Lakes."
Range: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Nebraska.
Specimen.s examined: Lake Washington, Piper, August, 1892; Whatcom River, Gard-
ner 419; Lake Chelan, Dr. T. E. Wilcox in 1883; Fort Colville, Rocky Mountains, Lyall in
1861; Lake Chelan, Gorman 677; Prosser, Griffiths cfc Cotton 809.
The specimen upon which the "P. crispiis L. V of Suksdorf's list is based proves to be a
sterile specimen of the above from Lake Washington.
8. Potamogeton praelongus Wulf. Roem. Arch. IIL 3:331. 1803.
Type locality: ''Laboci Junio Julicjue in fluvio cognomine, et in fluvio Jschiza."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 2160.
9. Potamogeton lucens L. Sp. PI. 1: 126. 1753.
Type locality: "Hab. in Europae lacubus, stagnis, fluviis argillosis."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California and New Jersey. Europe,
Asia.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Gorman 703.
10. Potamogeton zosteraefolius Schum. Enum. PI. Saell. .50. 1801.
Type locality: Saellandia.
Range: Oregon and British Columbia to New Jersey and New Brunswick. Europe.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Srtksdorf, August 1, 1890.
11. Potamogeton calif ornicus (Morong).
Potamoijcton panciflorus californiciis Morong, Bot. Gaz. 10:254. 1885.
Type locality: San Diego County, California.
Range: Washington to California.
vSpecimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1802.
12. Potamogeton pusillus L. Sp. PI. 1: 127. 1753.
Type locality: Europe
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California, Texas, and Virginia.
Europe.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi/Jt/' 761 ; Okanogan River, lFa/so7i 395.
13. Potamogeton pectinatus L. Sp. PI. 1: 127. 1753.
Potamogeton colnnibianiis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California and Florida. Europe.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2m2: White Salmon, 5«/:sfZo// 221; Okanogan River, Watson 394.
14. Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes, Hovey's Mag. 7: 180. 1841.
Type locality: "In Pondicherry Pond, Jefl'erson, N. H."
Range: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Lake Cushman, Piper 2231; Henderson 1861; Lake Chelan
Gorman in 1898.
Potamogeton pulciier Tuck, is listed by Suksdorf. The basis is a sterile plant from
Glenwood, which may belong to P. amplifoiius Tuck.
Potamogeton marinus L. is included in Suksdorf's list based on a sterile plant from
Bingen, which seems to be P. pectinatus L.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 99
NAIADACEAE.
Carpels several to each flower.
Flowers perfect, peduncled; leaves opposite Ruppia.
Flowers monoecious; leaves alternate Zanniciikllia.
Carpels solitary; flowers monoecious or dioecious.
Leaves opposite or whorled, denticulate Naias.
Leaves alternate, entire, long-linear.
Monoecious; ovaries pendulous Zoster a.
Dioecious; ovaries ascending Phyllospadix.
RUPPIA.
Sheaths 6 to 8 nun. long; fruit 2 mm. long 1. B. maritima.
Sheaths 12 to 30 mm. long: fruit 3 to 4 mm. long 2. B. occidentalis.
1. Ruppia maritima L. S[). PI. 1: 127. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: In brackish water, nearly cosmopolitan.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2797: Whidby Island, Gardner 348;
Anacortes, TIentle/'son, July, 1892; Ocosta, Henderson, June, 1892; Seattle, Piper 28(53.
2. Ruppia occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 138. 1890.
Type locality: "In saline ponds near Kamloops, Britisli Columbia." Collected by
Macoun.
Range: British Columi)ia to Washington and Nebraska.
Speclmens EX.\.MiNEt): Lake Ciiolan, LuJce i(' //(///.
ZANNICHELLIA.
1. Zannicheliia palustris L. Sp. Pi. 2: 909. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europac, Virginiae fossis, fluviis."
Range: Throughout most of North America. Europe. Asia.
Speclmens ex.\mined: West Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf2\74; Junction Crab and Wil-
son Creeks, Samlherg tt' Leiberg 264; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896.
NAIAS.
1. Naias flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt, Fl. Sed. 384. 1824.
Cauliniafe.rilis Willd. Abh. Akad. Berlin 95. 1803.
Type locality: European.
Range: Throughout most of North Ameiica. Europe.
Speclmens e.xamined: Green Lake, Piper; Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897.
ZOSTERA.
1. Zostera marina L. Sp. Ph 2: 968. 1753. Eelgrass.
Zostera oregana Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 131. 1891.
Type locality: "Habitat in mari Balthico, Oceano."
Range: Seacoasts, Alaska to California and Greenland to Florida. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Grays Harbor, Henderson 2471; Orchard Point, Piper 2314.
Eelgrass is very abundant at about low-tide mark all along the seashore, especially in
quiet water. Fruiting specimens are very rarely found. Better material for study is
much to be desired.
100 CONTEIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
PHYLLOSPADIX.
1. Phyllospadix scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 171. 1839.
Type locality: "Dundas Island in the Columbia River," Dr. Scolder.
Range: Seacoast, Briti.sh Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 323.
The other species, P. torrpyi Wats., may be expected to occur on the Washington coast,
as it is known from California and from \'ancouver Island.
SCHEUCHZEEIACEAE.
Leaves basal ; flowers in a long spike-like raceme Triglochik.
Stems leafy; flowers few in a loose raceme Scueuchzeiua.
TRIGLOCHIN.
Carpels 3; fruit linear or clavate 1. T. palv.stris.
Carpels 6; fruit oblong or ovoid 2. T. maritima.
1. Triglochin palustris L. Sp. PI. 1: 33S. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to New Brunswick, soutii to Washington and New York.
Specimens examined: Colville, Kreager 52C.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Triglochin maritima L. S:^ PI. 1: 339. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2571; Whidby Island, Gardner 355;
Admiralty Head, Piper; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper 680; Lopez
Island, Lyall in 1858-59; Falcon Valley, Suksdotf 617; Lake Chelan, Elmer, September,
1897; Lalce cfc Hull 628; Loomis, Elmer 261; Sprague, Sandberg d- Leiberg 210: Medical
Lake, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1378.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
SCHEUCHZERIA.
1. Scheuchzeria palustris L. Sp. PI. 1: 338. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Borussiae, Sueciae paludosis.''
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 693; Skamania County, Suksdoif 1327; Wiiite
Salmon, Suksdorfm 1878; Colville to Rocky Mountains, LgaU in 1861 ; Tacoma, Fleti 2226.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
ALISMACEAE.
Carpels in a ring on a flat receptacle; leaves ovate Alisma.
Carpels in many series on a convex receptacle ; leaves sagittate (in ours) .... SACiTrARiA.
ALISMA.
1. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Sp. Pi. 1: 342. 1753. Water plantain.
Type locality : European.
Range: Nearly throughout North .\merica, Europe, .\sia.
Specimens examined. Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper,
August, 1892; Tacoma, Flelt 153: west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1317: Ellensburg,
Whited 498, Wenache, Whited 1428; .North Yakima, IVa^/, .\ugust, 1895: Columbia River,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 101
46° to 49°, LiiaJl in 1S60: Kali-spel Valley, Kreager 363; Usk, Kreager 366; Cotton 432:
Nason Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 694; without localit}', Vaseij 66; Waitsburg, Horner
21 ; Pullman, Hull 629; Piper, July, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
SAGITTARIA. Arrowhead.
Beak of the akene horizontal or oblique, more than one-fourth its length . . 1. .S'. httifolla.
Beak of the akene less than one-fourth its length.
Bracts 8 to 20 mm. long; bog plant 2. S. arifolia.
Bracts 4 to 6 mm. long; water plant 3. S. cuneata.
1. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 409. 180.5. Wapato. ^
Sagittaria sagittifolia rnacrophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. A\n. 2: 167. 1839.
Sagittaria sagittifolia vulgaris Hook. loc. cit.
Sagittaria esculenta Howell, FI. N. W. Am. 679. 1903.
Type locality: "Habitat a Canada ad Carolinam."
Range: Throughout most of North America.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper, August,
1892; Chambers Lake, Henderson, August, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suhsdorf 673.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This is the wapato or wappatoo, formerly an important food plant of the Indians. The
introduction of the European carp into the Columbia River has nearly caused the exter-
mination of this plant, where it used to be abundant.
2. Sagittaria arifolia Nutt.; J. G. Smith, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Card. 6: 32. 1894.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Quebec, south to California and Kansas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuTcsdorf 1318; Lake Chelan, Lake &
Hull, August, 1892; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Union Flat, Piper 3049, 3049; Lahe d- HuU626;
Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 806.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2a. Sagittaria arifolia stricta J. G. Smith, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 34. 1894.
Type locality: Falcon "\'alley, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington.
Specimens exAxMined: Falcon Valley, Suhsdorf (i7 4.
3. Sagittaria cuneata Sheld. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 283. 1893.
Type tocality: "East Battle Lake, Otter Tail County," Minnesota.
Range: Washington to Minnesota, north to British Columbia and Saskatchewan.
Specimens examined: Phileo Lake, Spokane County, (SM^s(Zor/'2262.
VALLISNERIACEAE.
ANACHARIS.
1. Anacharis canadensis (Michx.) Planch. Ann. Sar in the (nillatin Kiver," Montana.
Range; Washington to Montana.
Speclmens e.xamined: White River, I'n.ve;/ 66; Chelan, S/rner 484, 848; Kittitas County,
Sandberg cf- Leiherg 431; North Yakima, Henderson 2219; Watt, August, 1895; Fort
Colville, Lydl in 1860; Watson 445; Whitman County, Lalie & Hull 63; Dry Creek,
Whitman County, Vasey 65; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1S8S.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran and Transition.
3. Panicum hirticaulum Presl, Rel. Ilaenk. 1: 308. 1830.
Type locality; "Hab. ad Acapulco, Me.xico."
Range; Washington to Mexico.
Specimen.s examined; Xear Bingen, S u Isd <>rf 2320.
Zonal distribution; I'pper Sonoran.
4. Panicum scribnerianuni Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 421. 1895.
Panicum scopariurn minor Scribn. Bull. l'ni\'. Tenn. 7: 48. 1894, not Panicum puhescens
minus Poir. ; Lam. Encycl. 4: 272. 181(i.
Type locality; "Middle Tennessee."
Range: Maine to Washington, south to Alabama and Arizona.
Specimens examined; AIki Point, Piper 804; Seattle, Smith 804; Tacoma, Flett 11;
American Lake, Smith, May, 1890. between Olympia and Gate City, Heller 4058; Cascade
Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859, Ophir, Elmer 509; Old Fort Colville, Watson 443; Wawawai,
Elmer 763; Brodie, June, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
All references of Panicum scopanum Lam. to Washington refer to T^. scribnenanum.
With little doubt also the Columbia River specimens referred l)y Hooker to P. rJ*ciV/um Ell.
are the same.
5. Panicum. occidentale Scribn. Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Ga'-d. 10: 48. 1899.
Panicum pubescens Lam. err. det. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1:306. 1830
Type locality: "Hab. in Nootka-Sund," Vancouver Island.
Range; British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Woodlawn, Henderson,
June 22, 1892; Yelm, Smith, July 20, 1890, Enumclaw, Vasey 72; Montesano, Heller 3978;
106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Union City, Piper 939; Coulee City, Lal-e ct- Ihtll 118; Chelan, Elmer 489: Wenache,
Whited 1249; Tumwater Canyon, White d, August, 1901; Little Baldy, Spokane County,
Kreager 160; Mason County, Piper 939; Kiona, Cotton 736; Toppenish, Cotton 792.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Specimens of this speries have been referred to P. luiidvm Lam. and to P. dichotomum,
L. species not known to occur within our limits.
P.\NicuM viROATUM L. is Stated ])v Hooker to have l)een collected on the Columbia by
Douglas. There is no recent evidence of such occurrence of the species.
CHAETOCHLOA.
1. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scrihn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897.
Green foxtail.
Panicum viride L. Sp. PL ed. 2. S3. 1762.
Seiaria viridis Beauv. Agrost. 51, 178. 1812.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa au.strali."
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt; Parker, -4. D. Dunn; Pullman, Piper;
Waitsburg, Horner: Seattle, Piper.
PHALARIS.
Inflorescence a narrow panicle 1. P. arnndinacea.
Inflorescence an ovoid spike 2. P. canariensis .
1. Phalaris arundiaacea L. iyp. PI. 1:.5.5. 1753. Reed canary grass.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Nova vScotia, southward to New Jersey, Kansas, and
California.
Specimens examined: Cascades, Lyedl in 1859; Wenache region, Brandegee 11.53,
Whited 1425; Ellensburg, Piper, June, 1897; Whited 563; Columbia River, Klickitat
County, Sulcsdorf 1186; Spokane River, Piper 2386: Big Meadow, Kreager 425; Lake
Chelan, Vasey 52, 552: Colville Reservation, Grijfiths tC" Cotton 367: Brewster, Grijfiths cfc
Cotton 263.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Phalaris canariensis L. Sp. PI. 1:54. 17.53. Canary grass.
Type locality: "llab. in Europa austiali, Canariis."
Specimens examined: Pullman, Hardirick, July, 1895.
ANTHOXANTHUM.
1. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sp. PI. 1:28. 17.53. Sweet vernal grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pratis."
Specimens ex.\mined: Tacoma, Py/vr, September 5, 1895.
SAVASTANA.
1. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. Mem. Torr. Club 5: .34. 1894. Vanilla grass.
TIoku.« odoratu.<: L. Sp. PI. 2: 1048. 1753.
Hierochloe boreaJis Roem. & .Schult. Syst. 2: 513. 1817.
Type locality: European.
Range: Newfoundland to Alaska, south to Washington, Colorado, and Wisconsin.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 292; North Yakima, Leckenhy, April 22,
1897; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Wenache River, Vasey 229.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 107
ARISTIDA.
1. Aristida purpurea robusta (Merrill).
Atidida longiscta robusta Merrill, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 34: 5. 1901.
Type locality: "Indian Creek, Montana."
Range: South Dakota to British Columbia, south to Nebraska and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: A]m&, Elmer 536; Rock ls\iin(i, Sandherg (& Leiberg 439:Spoka.ne,
Piper 2597: Wavvawai, Brodie, July, 1898; Kelly's Bar, Snake River, Brodie, July, 1898;
Cow Creek, Grijfiihs d' Cotton 288; Lyons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 547.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
Nuttall's type of ^4. purpurea in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences was, in my
opinion, misunderstood i)y Mr. Merrill. The type certainly belongs to the group of forms
Merrill includes under ^4. Jongiseta Steud., and has nothing to do with the species with
which Merrill associates the name purpurea.
STIPA.
Awns 10 to 20 times longer than the lemmas.
Plants glabrous 8. S. comata.
Plants pubescent So. S. comata intonsa.
Awns 4 to 7 times longer than the lemma.
Awns plumose.
Ligule 1 mm. long or less.
Sheaths glabrous 1 . >S'. occidentalis.
Sheaths pubescent 2. .S'. elmeri.
Ligule 2 to 4 mm. long 'A. S. thurberiatia.
Awns only slightly pube.scent or scabrous.
Callus very short, obtu.se: spikelets stout 4. S. leminoni.
Callus acute or acuminate.
Sheaths pubescent 5. .S". ^viUiamsii.
Sheaths smooth or only .scabrous.
Awn.s 1 to 3 cm. long tl. distribution: Upper vSonoran and Arid Transition.
4. Stipa lemmoni (Vasey) Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 3. 1901.
Stipa prlngh-i Jenurioni Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:. 55. 1892.
Stipa lemmoni jonesiiSvrihn . U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 4. 1901.
Type locality : Mohawk Valley, Plumas County , California, according to the label of the
type specimen.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdo/f 146, .56; Sinicoc Mountains,
HoioellS: Wenache Mountains, (7oif/o« 1263; Perkins Creek, C'o/t'/-(7 814 and August, 1893; Wenache
Mountains, Elmer 441 ; Cascade Mountains above Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull 115; Cascade
Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860: Cascade Mountains, ]'asetj 393.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
POLYPOGON.
Glumes notched at apex, their awns 2 to 3 times as long; panicle
dense, cylindric 1 . P. monspeliensis.
Glumes attenuate into awns of equal length; panicle lobed or inter-
rupted 2. P. littoraUti.
1. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Fl. Atl. 1:67. 1800.
Alopecurus nionspeHensislj. Sj). PI. 1:61. 17.53.
Type locality: "Habitat monspelii. "
Range: British Columbia to Mexico. Europe. Naturahzed in the Atlantic States.
Specimens examined: Olympics, Elmer 1934; South Bend, Spillman, August 17, 1899;
Seattle, Piper 792: Tacoma, Flett 7; Parker, Dunn; North Yakima, Wait, August, 1895;
Alma, Elmer 532; Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 280; Waitsburg, Horner 523; Illia,
W. R. Hull 90; Almota, Piper, June, 1894; Spokane, Sandberg, Heller, ci- MacDougal 920;
Steptoe, Vasey 56; Ellensburg, Vasey 494.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
2. Polypogon littoralis (With.) Smith, Comp. Fl. Brit. ed. 2. 13. 1816.
Agrostls littoralis With. Bot. Arr. Brit. Veg. ed. 3. 2: 129. 1796.
Type locality: "Wells, on the Norfolk coast," England.
Range: Vancouver Island to California and on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1955; Tacoma, Flett 8.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SPOB.OBOLUS.
Panicle contracted, spike-liko.
Annuals, culms slender or filiform 1 . S.JiUformis.
Perennials.
Sheaths inflated, usually inclosing base of panicle. . . 2. S. vaii'inaejiorus negledus.
Sheaths not inflated.
Glumes one-third to one-half the length of the
lemma 3. 6'. rldmrdsoni.
Glume from two-thirds to almost the whole length
of the lemma 4. .S'. clepnjiperatus.
Panicle open, branches mostly spreading.
Annuals, culms slender, pedicels longer than spiiielcts 5. S. amfusiis.
Perennials.
Panicle branches close-flowered nearly to base; pedi-
cels equaling to shorter than spikelets (>. S. (■n/])ia?}(lriis.
Panicle branches few-flowered, naked below.
Pedicels smooth, seldom more than twice the
length of the spikelet . 7. S. aiioides.
Pedicels scabrous, 3 to many times the length
of the spikelet 8. ^S'. asperifolius.
1. Sporobolus filiformis (Thurb.) Rydberg. Contr. Nat. Herl). 3: 189. 1895.
Vilfa depau perata flifoniiis Thurb. Bot. King E.xplor. 376. 1871.
V Ufa gracillima Thuib. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 268. 1880.
Sporobolus (jraciUimus Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 44. 1885.
Type locality: Yo.semite Valley, California.
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Glenwood, F/e/< 1396; Mount Adams, 77f/if7e/'.son, August 3, 1892;
Eowell 84; Falcon Valley, SuksdorflZ.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Sporobolus vaginaefiorus neglectus S( ribn. V . S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17.
rev. ed. 170. 1901.
Sporobolus ncfjlectus Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 464. 1895.
Type locality: None given.
Range: Washington to Massachusetts, Tennessee, and Kansas.
Specimens examined: Myers Falls, Kreager 590.
Zonal distribltion: Transition.
3. Sporobolus richardsoni (Trin.) Merrill, Rhodora 4: 46. 1902.
VUfa richardsoni Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. \l. 6-': 103. 1840.
TiPE locality: "Amer. boreal." Richardson.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and New Mexico.
Speci.mens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2581; Parker, Z^wnft, August 8, 1901; Medical
Lake, Henderson 2251; Grand Coulee, Griffiths cfc Cotton 359; Prosser, Cotton 636; Colville
Reservation near Mount Bonaparte, Griffiths cfe Cotton 359; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton
434.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Sporobolus depauperatus (Torr.) Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 9: 103. 1882.
Vilfa depauperata Torr.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 257. 1840.
Vilfa squarrosa Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VL 6-: 100. 1840.
TypE locality: "N. W. America. Barren sandy parts of the Columbia from Menzies'
island upwards.". Collected by Douglas.
Range: Oregon and Washins:ton to Montana.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 113
Specimexs examined: ''N-W. coast," Don tjlas: Pullman, Pi'/w 192(5; IJemlerson 2250;
Almota, Piper, September, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
5. Sporobolus confusus (Fourn.) Vasey, Bull. Torr. Cluh 15: 293. 1888.
Vilfa confusa Fourn. Me.\. PI. Enum. Gram. 101. 1886.
Ti'PE locality: " In devexis arenosis mentis ignivoiiii Joridlo,'' Me.xico.
Range: Washington to Arizona, Texas, and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Parker, Yakima County, Elmer 1076.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gra}-, Man. 576. 1848.
Agrostis cryptandrus Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 1.51. 1824.
Vilfa tenacissima fnscicolor Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 239. 1840.
Type locality: "On the Canadian river."
Range: Washington to Maine southward to Texas.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, central Washington, Vaseij 132; Klickitat
County, Siilcsdorf \0\9; Wawawai, Elmer 760; near Ellensburg, Vatfey 465; Kiona, C'(Mon
726; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 13.53.
Zonal dlstribution: Upper vSonoran in Washington.
7. Sporobolus airoides Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 7^: 21. 18.56.
Ayrostis airoides Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1:151. 1824.
Ti'PE locality: "On the branches of the Arkansas, near the Rocky Mountains. "
Range: W^ashington to Nebraska, south to California and Arizona.
Sfeci.mens examined: Near Oroville. Okanogan River, Griffiths ci' Cotton 3.50. This is
the northernmost station known.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
8. Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees & Meyen) Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 269. 1880.
Vilfa asperifolia Nees & Meyen, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VL 6-: 95. 1840.
Ti'PE locality: "Chile; Rio Mayno; Copiapo."
Range: British Columbia to A.ssiniboia southward to California and Missouri.
Specimens examined: Alma, Elmer 549; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August, 1892;
Wilson Creek, Lahe & Hull 99; Alkali Lake, Sandherg <& Leiberg, July, 1893; Ellensburg,
Piper 2580; North Yakima, Henderson 2218; Union Gap, Yakima River, Cotton 492;
North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 525; Toppenish, Cotton 804;
Priest Rapids, Cotton 1403.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Sporobolus cuspidatus Wood, Bot. & Flor. 385. 1874. (Vilfa cuspidata Torr.; Hook.
Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 238. 1839.) This is included in Suksdorf's List, but no Washington
specimens have been seen by us.
CINNA.
1. Cinna latifoUa (Trev.) Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 435. 1853.
Agrostis latfolia Trev.; Goepp. Beschr. Bot. Gaert. in Breslau 82. 1830.
Cinna pendula Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VL 6-'; 280. 1841.
Cinna pendula glomenila Scribn. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1884: 290. 1885.
Cinna LatifoUa glomerata Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 319. 1896.
Range: Alaska to Oregon, Colorado, New England, and Carolina.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 18-59; Seattle, Piper 821;
Moniesano, Heller 4017; Longmire Springs, Mount Ranier, Piper 1982; Lake Cushman,
Piper 1991; Railroad Creek, Okanogan County, Elmer 719; Coulee City, Lalce dc Hull
114; x\ason City, Sandherg cfc Leiberg, July, 1893; Okanogan County, Sandherg tfc Leiberg
581; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Salmon River, Blue ]Mountains, Horner 494.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
29418—06 M 8
114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
COLEANTHUS.
1. Coleauthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidel; Koem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 276. 1817. .
Schmidtia subtilis Tratt. Fl. Austr. 1 : 12. 1816.
Type locality: "In der gegend von Wosseck," Bohemia.
Range: Along the lower Columbia River. Also in Europe.
Speclmens examined: Klickitat County, Sii]cs(lorf2S0.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
CALAMAGROSTIS.
Awn strongly geniculate; callus hairs much shorter tlian the lemma.
Awn great!}' exceeding the glumes.
Panicle loose; leaves nearly as loilg as the culms \. C. hoireUii.
Panicle dense; leaves shorter than the culms.
Leaves soft, flat - 4. C. iireedyi.
Leaves hard, closely involute.
Glumes scabrous all over 2. C. purpurascem
Glumes nearly smooth 3. C. vaseyi.
Awn shorter than or a little exceeding the glumes.
Glumes strongly keeled; tall seashore plant o. C. aleutica.
Glumes not strongly keeled.
Panicle dense, purple 6. C. ruhescens.
Panicle dense, pale green 7. C. suTcsdorjii.
Awn straight; callus hairs not much shorter than the lemma.
Panicle loose and open.
Spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long - 9. C. Inngsdorjfii.
Spikelets 2 to 4 mm. long.
Glumes 2 to 2.5 mm. long 12. C. macounlana.
Glumes 3 to 4 mm. long.
Awn attached near the middle of the lemma 10. C. canadensis.
Awn attached near the apex of the lemma 11. C blanda.
Panicle narrow, rather close.
Callus hairs copious; sheaths l)earded at summit 13. C. scribneri.
Callus hairs sparse.
Leaf blades soft, not rigid 14. 6'. negleda.
Leaf blades rigid.
, Panicle rather loose 15. C. inexpansa.
Panicle dense, spike-like.
Glumes subcoriaceous, ovate, acute; panicle
4 to 6 cm. long 16. C. crassiglumis.
Glumes membranous, acuminate, panicle 5
to 20 cm. long 17. C hyperborea.
1. Calamagrostis h.o"welli Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 271. 1881.
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected by Howell.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Larm River, Suhsdorf 13; Cape Horn, Piper.
Zonal DisTPaBUTiON : Humid Transition.
Abundant on the perpendicular clifl's of the Columbia Gap, but not known elsewhere.
2. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Fiankl. Journ. 731. 1823.
Calamagrostis sylvatica DC. err. det. A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 80. 1866.
Calamagrostis sylvatica americana Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892.
Type locality-: British America between Point Lake and the Arctic Sea.
Range; Alaska to Greenland, southward to the Black Hills, Colorado, and California
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 115
. Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Saiidbcnj cfc Leihenj 825; Mouut Chanaca, Elri-cr
555; Wenache region, Tveedi/ 6^).
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.?
3. Calamagrostis vaseyi Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 344. 1896.
CalamiujrosHs pirpurascens II. Br. err. det. Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains of Washington." Collected by G. R. Vase3^
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 19S4, 1983: Mount Ranier, Piper
1956, 1957, 1955; Goat Mountains, Allen 177; Skamania County, Suhsdorf 1025; Flell
13S4, 139().
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
The " Deyeuxia sylvaiica Kth." of Suksdorfs list is Calamagrostis vaseyi Beal.
4. Calamagrostis tweedyi Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892.
Deyeuxia tweedyi Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 10: 64. 1883.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains, Washington." Collected l)v Tweed}'.
Range: Cascade Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy; Vasey in 1889.
5. Calamagrostis aleutica Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersl). VI. 2: 171. 1832.
Calamagrostis albicans Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1882: 92. 1SG3.
Calamagrostis pallida Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 334. 1863.
Deyeuxia hreviaristata Vasey, Bull. Torr. Clul) 15: 48. 1888.
Type locality: "Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to California.
Specimens examined: Westport, Henderson, June, 1892; Granville, Conard 335.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Calam.agrostis rubescens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 92. 1863.
Deyeuxia varia Kunth, err. det. Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 9: 45. 1882.
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected b}' Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 493; Lalce d; Hull 74; Lake Omack,
Griffiths cfc Colton 389; Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Calamagrostis suksdorfii Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 82. 1892.
Deyeuxia sulcsdorfii Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 15: 9. 1888.
Type locality: According to type specimen. Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected
by Suksdorf.
Range: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Wenache \'alley, Sandberg & Leiberg 535; Ellensburg, Elmer
421; Atanum River, Henderson 2151; east of Mount Adams, Henderson 2153; Twenty-
five Mile Creek, Okanogan County, Gorman 615; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3,
1901; Dry Creek, Vasey, July 5, 1901; Pullman, Piper 1919; Falcon Valley, Suksdo/f 26,
607; Spokane County, (Swi.«/o// 92.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8. Calamagrostis suksdorfii luxurians Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
11: 24. 1898.
Type locality: "Farmington Landing, Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho." Collected b\-
Sandberg, Heller, and MacDougal.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Tieton River, Cotton 503; Wenache, Whited 1418: Cascade
Mountains, Vasey; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, July, 1893; Spokane, Pi]>er 1918; P.lue
Mountains, Piper 2557; locality unknown, Brandegee 1171.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
116 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Calamagrostis langsdorflS.! Trin. Gram. Unifl. 225. t. J,-./. 10. 1824.
Calamagrostis oregonensi.s Buckl. Proo. Acad. Pliila. 1862: 92. 1863.
Calamagrostis columbiensis Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 334. 1863.
Type locality: "Tobolsk," Siberia.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to ('alU'ornia, New Mexico, Michigan, and North
Carolina. Europe. Asia.
Specimens e.xamined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1986: Elmer 1671, 1672; Mount
Rainier, Smith 981; Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 176; Goose Lake, Fleit 1378: Cascade Moun-
tains, Henderson 2157; Vasey in 1889; Sandberg <£• Leiherg 795: North Fork of Bridge
Creek, Elmer 680; Mount Adams, Howell in 1882; SvlcsdorfSJ, 204.
Zonal distribution: Mainly Hudsonian and Aictic.
9a. Calamagrostis langsdorfl3.i lactea (Beal) Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 11:28. 1898.
Calamagrostis ladea Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 346. 1896.
Deyeuxia lactea Suksdorf in Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 346. 1896, as .synoi:ym.
Type locality: "Washington; banks of the North Fork of Nooksack River, near Mount
Baker." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Mount Ji&kev, Sulsdoif 1022, 1023: Falcon Valley, ^Sw^s-
dorf 20Q.
10. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Agrost. 15, 1.57. 1812.
Arundo canadensis Michx. Fl. 1: 73. 1803.
Type locality: "Hab. in Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southwaid to New Jersey, Ohio, Utah, and
Oregon.
Specimens exa.mined: Wenache region, Brandegee 1109; Klickitat County, SuksdorJ
2127; Thorn Creek, Whitman County, Vasey, July 9, 1901; Pulhnan, Brodie August, 1898 ;
Piper 3037: Henderson 2162: Big Meadows, Kreager 411; Spokane County, Sulsdorf
86, 90a.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
10a. Calamagrostis. canadensis acuminata Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agi'ost.
Bull. 5: 26. 1897.
Type locality: Georgetown, Colorado.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south in the mountains to California, New Mexico, and
North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889; Brandegee 1168; Lyall in
1860; Elle;:sberg, Piper, July 9, 1897; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2121 ; along Sal-
mon River, Horner 495; Stehekin, Griffiths cfr Cotton 196, 230; Cascade Mountains, Vasey
i!i 1889; Klickitat County, Siil'sdorf 203, 205; near Mount Baker, Suksdorf 2166; Mount
Adams, Hoivell 82; Suksd!>!f20d.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition to Hudsonian.
11. Calamagrostis blanda Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 349. 1896.
Calamagrostis paUidaYasey &Scnhn. Contr. Nat. Herl). 3: 79. 1892, not C. Muell. 1860.
Type locality: "Washington." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 52.
12. Calamagrostis macouniana Va.sey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 81. 1892.
Deyeuxia macouniana \'asey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 297. 1885.
Type locality: "Souris Plain, Assiniboia" according to the label on the type specimen.
Range: Washington to Assiniboia and Missouri.
Specimens examined: North Palouse River, Vasey, March 3, 1897; Pullman, Hender-
son 2162, Piper 3037, Brodie, July, 1898; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1097.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 117
13. Calamagrostis scribneri Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 343. 1896.
Deyeuxia dubia Scrihu. Bot. Gaz. 11: 174. 1886.
Calamagrostis dubia Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: SO. 1892, not Bunge; Lehm. Re]. 348.
1847.
Type loc.\lity: "Slough Creek, alt. 6,700 ft., Montana."
Range: British Columbia to Washington and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 1023; Mount Adams, SitJcsdorf
145; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1756.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian?
14. Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrli.) Gaertn. Meyer & Scherl). Fl. Wetterau 1:94
1799.
Arundo ner/Ieda Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 84, 137. 1791.
Calamagrostis stricta Koel. Descr. Gram. 105. 1802.
Calamagrostis coardata Torr. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 240. 1839.
Type locality": Upsala, Sweden.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Maine. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, SuhsdorfQO.
16a. Calamagrostis inexpansa cuprea Kearney, U. vS. Dept. Agj-. Div. Agrost. Bull.
11: 37. 1898.
Type locality: "" In shallow water, Falcon Valley, Washington." Collected by Suks-
dorf.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, -Sm^-.sv/o// 910.
15b. Calamagrostis inexpansa barbulata Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 11:37. 1898.
Type locality*: "Mason County, Wash." Collected by Piper, three miles south of
Union City.
Range: Known only from the type specimen.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Piper 947. Abundant in small wet meadows in
woods of Piniis contorta.
16. Calamagrostis crassiglumis Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 281. 1880.
Deyeuxia crassiglumis Y assy, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 50. 1885.
Type locality': "Swamps, Mendocino County," California. Collected by Bolander.
Range: Vancouver Island to California.
Specimens examined: Whatcom Lake, *S wtsc/or/ 1024.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
17. Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange, Fl. Dan. 50: t. 291,2. 1880; Consp. Fl. Groenl.
160. 1880.
Calamagrostis stricta robusta, Vasey in Rothr. ; Wheeler Rep. 6: 285. 1878, not C. robusta
C. Muell.
Ty'pe LOCALITY": Igalico, near Julianshaab, southern Greenland.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to California, Arizona, and Vermont.
Speclmens examined: Cascade Mountains, Cooper.
17a. Calamagrostis hyperborea elongata Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 11: 40. 1898.
Type locality: "Plummer Ford, on the Dismal River, Plummer County, Nebr."
Range: British Columbia to Ontario, southward to California, Colorado, and Pennsyl-
vania.
Specimens examined: Douglas County, Sandberg dC' Leiberg 325; Spangle, Sulcsdorf
1099, 1100; Marshall Junction, Piper 22.54; locality unknowTi, Brandegee 1170: Endicott,
Elmer 1028; Ephrata, Cotton 470; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 187, 188; Spokane County,
Suhsdorf 106.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
17b. CalamagTOstis hyperborea americana Vasey; Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div.
Agrost. Bull. 11: 41. 1898.
Deyeuxia neglecta americana Vasey, Macoun. Cat. Can. PI. 4: 206. 1888, nom. nud.
Calamagrostis stricta Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 79. 1866 in part, not Koel.
Type locality: "Donald, Columbia Valley," British Columbia. Collected by Macoun.
Range: British Columbia to Hudson Bay, southward to Oregon, Colorado, and Vermont.
Specimens examined: Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 267; Conconully, Griffiths <& Cotton
271; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 240; Ephrata, Griffiths <& Cotton 470.
Zonal distribution: Aiid Transition.
Calamagrostis stricta Nutt. is listed in Cooper's Report, page 70. The specimen
seems to be lost, but it was certainly of some other species.
AGROSTIS.
Rachilla prolonged behind the palet.
Spikelets 3 mm. long, usually purple 1. ^4. aequivalvis.
Spikelets 2 mm. long, usually pale 2. A. thurbenana.
Rachilla not prolonged behind the palet.
Palet evident, 2-nerved.
Plant spreading by creeping short-leafed stolons 3. A. depressa.
Plant without stolons.
Tufted ; a dwarf high-alpine species 4. ^4. humilis.
Provided with rootstocks; culms erect, rather tall 5. ^4. alba.
Palet wanting or minute and nerveless.
Plant with rootstocks 6. ^4. paUens.
Plant tufted, without rootstocks.
Panicle narrow, rather close.
Lemma with exserted awn.
Glumes awn-pointed 1. A. microphyUu.
Glumes merely acute 8. ^. ampla.
Lemma awnless oi the awn included.
Panicle 5 to 30 cm. long; tall lowland plant 9. ^4. exarata.
Panicle 3 to 6 cm. long; low alpine plant 10. ^4. rossae.
Panicle open, loose.
Inflorescence very diffuse; herbage scabrous 11. ^4. hyemalis.
Inflorescence not diffuse.
Plants 10 to 30 cm. high; panicle usually pale. . 12. ^4. idahoensis.
Plants 30 to 60 cm. high.
Panicle pyramidal, dark purple 13. ^4. oregonensis.
Panicle elongated, oblong 14. .4. schiediana.
1. Agrostis aequivalvis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 6^: 362. 1841.
Agrostis canina aequivalvis Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 171. 1832.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined; Nason Creek, Sandherg & Leiberg 676; Mount Adams, SvJcsdorf
194.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian?
2. Agrostis thurberiana A. S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. Ind. Bull. 68: 23.
lfK).5.
Type locality: "In wet places on mountains, Skamania County, Wash." Collected by
Suksdorf.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 24, 194; Nason Creek, Sandbeiy c& Lei-
berg 676; Mount Rainier, Flett 1955.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 119
3. Agrostis depressa ^'a.sey, Bull. Torr. Club 13: 54. 1886.
Agro-'itiH e.rarata siolonifera Vase}'', loc. cit.
Type locality : Clear Creek Canyon, Colorado.
Range: Washington to California, Colorado.
Speclmens examined: West Klickitat County, SuJcsdoij" 40, 140; Ilwaco, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Agrostis humilis Vasoy, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 21. 1883.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 836; Elmer 1951; Mount Rainier,
Piper 1976, 1975, 1973, 1974; Allen 65a, 179; Skamania County, Sulcsdorf 1021, 1079;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 25; Howell 85; Stevens Pass, Sandherg & Leiberg, August, 1893;
Cascade Mountains Vasey 362; Bridge Creek, Elmer 677.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
5. Agrostis alba L. Sp. PI. 1: 63. 1753. Redtop.
Type locality; "Habitat in Europae nemoribus."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador and southward.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1954; Southbend, Spillman, August 7,
1899; Montesano, Heller 4034, 3957; Skamania County, Flett 1387; Tacoma, Piper, ^\x\j
15, 1897; Wenache, Wlnted A; Ellensburg, Elmer 407; Piper 2578; Tieton River, C'o//or
493; Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; Douglas County, Spillman, Max 27, 1896; Sand-
herg d' Leiherg 403; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3, 1901; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894;
Wawawai, Piper 3531; Ellensburg, Vasey 489.
Zonal distribution; Transition.
6. Agrostis paUens Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersl). IV. Q^: 328. 1841.
Agrostis exarata littoralis Vasey, Bull. Toir. Clul). 13: 54. 1886.
Ty'PE locality; " iVmer.-borealis ? "
Range; Washington to California along the coast.
Specimens examined: Copalis, Conard 416; Westport, Henderson 2116.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6a. Agrostis paUens foliosa (Vasey) A. S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. Ind.
Buh. 68: 34. 1905.
Agrostis foliosa Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 13: 55. 1886.
Agrostis diegoensis Vasey, loc. cit.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range; British ColumV)ia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined; Union City, Piper 9.50, 949; Lakeview, Henderson 2125; East
Seattle, Henderson 2113; Skamania County, Flett 1382, 1386; Cascade Mountains, Yakima
County, Henderso7i, August 3, 1892; Cape Horn, iS'Mfo(7or/" 2332, 2331; Steptoe, I'ode^, June
1900; Pullman, Piper 3106, 1927, 3043; Wawawai, Piper 3531.
Zonal dlstribution; Transition.
All the Washington specimens that have been named A. haliii \'asey lielong to ^4. paUens
foliosa.
7. Agrostis microphylla Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. 164. 1855. ^
Type locality'; "Douglas legit in Am. Sptr." Collected by Douglas in North America.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 828 ; hake Cresceut. Laurence 306: Stuart Island,
Lawrence 124; Johns Island, Laurence 190; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 47 ; Douglas County,
Sandherg d' Leiherg 327; Montesano, Heller 4010.
Zonal distribution; Humid Transition.
120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Agrostis ampla A. S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. Ind. Bull. 68: .38. 1905.
Type locality: "On wet rocks near Rooster Rock, Multnomah County, Oregon."
Range: British Columbia to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Mrner 1953; Se&ttie, Henderson 2113 ■. What-
com iJake, Sxilcsdorf 132; Bingen, Snlcsdorf 2829; Falcon Valley Suksdotf 132; Skamania
County, FZe« 1389.
Zonal DiSTKiBt'TiON : Humid Transition.
This species was previously referred to the Mexican A. lirescens H. B. K.
9. Agrostis exarata Trin. Gram. Unifi. 207. 1824.
Agrostis grandis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 6-': 316. 1841.
Agrostis asperifolia Trin. op. cit. 317.
Agrostis scouleri Trin. op. cit. 329.
Agrostis albicans Buckl Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 91. 1862.
Type locality: "Ex Unalaschka." Collected by Eschscholtz.
Range: Alaska to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 19.52; Clallam County, Elmer 1949;
Montesano, Heller 4018; Point Orchard, Piper 2311; Seattle, Henderson 2114; Upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 45; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1163; North Yakima, Watt,
August, 1895; Yakima River, Cotton 425; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lxjall in 1859; South-
bend, Spillman, August 17, 1899; Chelan, Elmer 485; Douglas County, Sandberg cfe Leiberg
370; Wilson Creek, LaJt-e cfc Hull 97; Spokane, Piper 2852, 2623; Steptoe, Vasey, June,
1900; Waitsburg, Homer 499; Blue Mountains, Salmon River, Horner 496; Pullman,
Piper 17.59, 1923; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 149.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran to Arctic.
10. Agrostis rossae Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 76. 1892.
Agrostis varians Trin. Mem. Acad. Petersb. VI. 6-: 314. 1841, not Thuill. 1790.
Agrostis variabilis Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 32. 19(X).
Type locality: Yellowstone Park, Wyoming.
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1948, Piper 1994; Nason Creek,
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 656; Mount Rainier, Allen 179; Piper 1978, 1979, 1972, 1980, 1970;
Skamania Count}^ SuJcsdorf 1020; Mount Adams, Henderson 2127; .A.tanum River, Hen-
derson 2119; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 730; Walla Walla, Piper 179a.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
11. Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 68. 1888.
Comucopiae hyemalis Walt. FI. Car. 73. 1788.
Agrostis scabra Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 370. 1799.
Agrostis nutkaensis Kunth, Enum. PI. 1: 222. 1833.
Trichodium album PresI, Rel. Haenk. 1 : 244. 1830.
Agrostis laxifiora (Michx.) Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. .Tourn. 731. 1823.
Type locality : Carolina.
Range: Throughout most of North America.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1950; Southbend, Spillman, August 17,
1899; Orcas Island, Henderson 2112; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 827; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 43; Taconm, Flett 17; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August, 1892; Tieton River,
Cotton 435; North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Glenwood, Flett 1395; Parker, Dunn, August 8,
1901; Ophir, Elmer 510; Loomis, Elmer 557; Thorn Creek, Fasey, July 10, 1901; Steptoe,
Vasey, July, 1900; Spokane, Henderson 2111; Pullman, Piper 1927; Blue Mountains,
Horner 505; Cascade Mountains. Vasey 382, 68.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 121
11a. Agrostis hyemalis geminata (Trin.) A. S. liitchccH'k, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI.
Ind. Bull. 68: 44. 1905.
Agrosfis geininata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 207. 1824.
Type LOCALITY : Unalaska.
Range: Alaska to Washington and Colorado.
Speclmens examined: Cascade Mountains, Henderson., July, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lnl^e &
Hull 119; Mount Rainier, Allen in 1894.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
12. Agrostis idahoensis Nash, Bull. Torr. Club. 24: 42. 1897.
Agrosils fenuis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 10: 21. 1883, not Sibth. 1794.
Agrostis tenuiculmis Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 32. 1900.
Type locality: "Forest, Nes Perces County, Idaho." Collected by Ileller.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and Colorado.
Speclmens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 1165; Wenache Mountains, Cotton
1669; without locality, Suksdorfxn 1883.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
13. Agrostis oregonensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 13: 55. 18S6 (.Vpril).
Agrosfis attenuata Vasey, Bot. Ga"z. 11: 337. 1886 (December).
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected by Howell.
R.\nge; Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, Sutsf/o// 907; Copalis, f'o/M/r/ 47; Lake Suth-
erland, Lawrence 318; Kittitas County, Henderson 2123.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
14. Agrostis schiediana Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 6': 327. 1841.
Agrostis hallii californica Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 74. 1892.
Type locality: "Mexico."
Range: British Columbia to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Sulsdorf CO, 189, 196; Lewis River. Henderson 2131.
On Suksdorf's List appeal' the names Agrostis canina L., xi. dent,iJlora Vasey vnv-iarena-
ria), A. verticillata \'ill. (.1 stolonifera L.), and A. perennans Tuck.? These names all
seem to rest upon erroneous determinations, the last being A. hyenialis. A. rerticillata
Vill. has been collected at Walla Walla by Leckenby, but only from cultivated plots.
HOLCUS.
1. Holcus lanatus L. Sp. PI. 2: 1048. 1753. Velvet grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pa.scuis arenosis."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 785; near Montesano, Heller 39.52: Claiks Spiings,
Spokane County, Kreager 86.
Quite commonly escaped from cultivation. In western Washington known as "mes-
cjuite grass."
ARRHENATHERUM.
1. Arrhenatheruni elatius (L.) Beauv. ; Mert. & Koch, Deutsch. Fl. 1: 546. 1823.
Tall meadow oatcjrass.
Avena elatior L. Sp. PI. 1: 79. 1753.
Holcus avenaceus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 276. 1772.
Arrhenatherum avenactum Boiss. Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 657. 1839-45.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae maritimis & apricis."
Specimens examined; Seattle, Piper 830.
AIRA. Hair grass.
Panicle loose ; lemma 2 mm. long 1 . ^1. cargo phyllea.
Panicle dense; lemma 3 miiL long , . 2. ^1. praecox.
122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Aira caryophyllea L. Sp. PL 1:66. 1753.
TiPE locality: "Habitat in Angliae, Germaniae, Galliae, glareosis."
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 346; Clallam County, Elmer 1933; Seattle,
Pifer 823; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895; Montesano, Heller 3889; Pierce and Thurston
counties, Henderson 2142.
2. Aira praecox L. Sp. PI. 1: 65. 17.53.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1932; Point Orchard, Piper 2310, 832;
Whidby Island, Gardner 345; Stuart Island, Lawrence 59.
MERATHREPTA.
[Merathrepta Raf. in Seringe, Bull. Bot. 1: 221. 1830.]
The type of Danthonia DC. is Festuca decumhens L. {Triodia. decurnbens R. Br.), and the
name can not therefore be used in the current sense. Merathrepta has for its type M. spicata
(L.) Raf. {Avena spicata L.).
Spikelets ascending, in a close panicle.
Callus very short, not hairy 1. M. pinetorum.
Callus elongate, densely hairy 2. M. intermedia.
Spikelets spreading in a loose panicle or solitary.
Sheaths smooth 3. M. californica
Sheaths hairy.
Lemma abruptly narrowed; spikelets usually 2 to 4 4. M. aniericana.
Lemma not abruptly narrowed; spikelets usually solitary 5. M. unispicata.
1. Merathrepta pinetorum.
Danthonia spicata pinetorum Piper, Erythea 7: 103. 1899.
Danthonia thermale Scribner, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 5. UK)1.
Type" locality: "In gravelly soil, Mason County, Wash., 3 miles south of Union C ity."
Collected by Piper.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, and Idalio.
Specimens examined: Mason County, near Union City, Piper 943; between mouth of
Spokane River and Colville, Willces Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Merathrepta intermedia (Vasey).
Danthonia intermedia Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 52. 1883.
Type locality: "California, Rocky Mountains, Plains of Br. America to Mount All)ert,
Lower Canada."
Range: Canada to Washington, Colorado., and California.
Specimens examined: Loomis, Elmer 553; Stevens Pass, Sandberg d- Leiberg, August,
1893; Mount Rainier, Piper 1950; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 442.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2a. Merathrepta intermedia cusickii (Williams).
Danthonia intermedia cusickii Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 7. ]iK)l.
TiPE locality: "Oregon."
Range: Washington to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1987.
Zonal distribution: .\jctic.
3. Merathrepta californica (Boland.).
Danthonia californica Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 182. 1858-62.
Type locality: "On the borders of cultivated fields near the bay at Oakland: hills near
Mission Dolores, San Francisco."
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 123
Range: California to Washington and Montana.
Specimens examined; Pullman, Elmer 1011; Piper 1744; Horner 879; Steptoe, Vaaey,
June, 1900; without locality, Sandberg cf- Leiberg 488.
Tlie following specimens are doubtfully referred here; Coupeville, Gardner 342; Seattle,
Stnith 829; Kitsap County, Piper 821.
Zonal distribution; Transition.
4. Merathrepta americana (Scribn.).
Danthonia americana Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 5. 1901.
Danthonia grandilhra Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chil. 568. 1873, not Hochst. 1851.
Type locality; Chile.
Range; British Columbia to California. Chile.
Specimens examined; Montesano, ZZeZZer 3908; Falcon Valle}^ iS'uir.s Jo// 150.
Zonal distribution; Transition.
5. Merathrepta unispicata (Thurb.).
Danthonia unispicata Thurb. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 294. 1880.
Type locality: "From San Diego to San Francisco," California.
Range; Washington to California.
Specimens examined; Spokane, Piper 2599; without locality, Geyer 189; Pullman,
Elmer 1327; Brodie, June, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
AVENA.
1. Avena fatua glabrata Petermann, Flora des Bienitz 13. 1841. Smooth wild oat.
Avena fatua glabrescens Voss. Fl. Alg. 113. 1864-67.
Type locality: Not determined.
Range; Introduced on the Pacific coast, especially in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho-
Specimens examined; Tacoma, Piper, July 5, 1897; Pullman, Piper, July 2, 1894.
DESCHAMPSIA.
Lower glume 1-nerved.
Glumes not longer than the florets 1. D. cespitosa.
Glumes longer than the florets 2. D. atropurpiirea.
Lower glume 3-nerved.
Annual ; glumes 5 to 7 mm. long 3. D. cahjcina.
Perennial; glumes 3 to 4 mm. long 4. D. elongata.
1. Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 91, 160. 1812.
Aira cespitom L. Sp. PI. 1: 64. 1753.
Type locality; Europe.
Range: Alaska to Labrador south to California, Ai-izona, Illinois, and New Jei-sey. Eu-
rope, Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1665; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-9;
Seattle, Smith 858; Gray's Harbor, Henderson, June, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Garry in 1826;
Railroad Creek, Elmer 718; Wenache River, Whited; Spokane, Piper, September, 1896;
Pullman, Piper 1749; Steptoe, Vasey 12; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Waitsburg,
Horner .509; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 328; Lake Chelan, Vasey 24; without locality, Vasey 367.
Zonal distribution; Transition.
2. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele, Flora 27: 56. 1844.
Aira atropurpurea Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 37. 1812.
Aira latifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1840.
Deschampsia atrojmrpitrea latifolia Scribn. in Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 2: 209. 1888.
Type locality: Finmark.
124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Mountains of New England and New York to Alaska south to Oregon and
Colorado. Europe.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1670: Mount Rainier, Piper 1949;
Blount Rainier, Smith 690; Mount Adams, Henderson 2147; Stevens Pass, Sandberg c& Lei-
here), August, 1893: Wenache Region, Brandegee, 1176; North Fork of Bridge Creek, Elmer
735; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1151; Skamania Count}', Flett 1371; Cascade Mountains, Vasey
423.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
3. Deschampsia calycina Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 251. 1830.
Aira danthonioides Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1: 57. 1830.
Type locality: "Hab. ad Monte-Rey Californiae."'
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona. Peru.
Specimens exai^iined: Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Sandherg d' Leiherg 292;
Wilson Creek, Sandberg <& Leiherg 395; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Spipen [Naches]
River, Wilkes Expedition; Klickitat River, Flett 1369; Pullman, Piper 1922, 1758; Elmer
888; Steptoe, Vasey 25; Rattlesnake Mountains, Co//on 413; Walla Walla, Brandegee 1175;
Blue Mountains, Honker 491 ; Kittitas County, Vasey 92; Palouse City, F. D. Cloud, June 22,
1895.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro in Bentli. PI. Hartw. 342. 18-57.
Aira elongata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1840.
Type locality: "Sandy islands of the River Columbia." Collected Vj}" Douglas.
Range: Britisii Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1664; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858;
Mason County, Kineaid, June, 1893; Montesano, Heller 4044, 3953a; Nisqually Valley, Allen
38; Seattle, Piper 843; Okanogan County, Sandberg & Leiherg 582; North Yakima, G H.
Watt; Wenache, Whited 1302; Stehekin, Whited 1399; Roslyn, Wldted 477; Skamania County
Flett 1372; Pullman, Piper 1741 ; Walla Walla, Brandegee 1174; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull
70; Mount Carlton, Kreager 199; Tieton River, Cotton 50; Ellensburg, Vasey 389.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
TRISETUM.
Lemmas awnless; panicle narrow 1. T . muficum.
Lemmas awned.
Panicle dense and spike-like 2. T. spicatum.
Panicle loose and open.
Sheaths pubescent , lemma 7 mm. long 3. T. canescens.
Sheaths glabrous ; lemma 5 mm. long 4. T . cernuum.
1. Trisetum. muticum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. 11: 50. 1898.
Trisetum suhspicalum muticum Boland.; S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 296. 1880.
Trisetum hrandegei Scribner, Bull. Torr. Clul) 10: 64. 1883.
Type locality: "On the upper Tuolumne," California. Collected by Bolander.
Range: California to Washington, east to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Spangle, 5(/i:s(Zo?/ 949.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
2. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter, PI. Eur. 1: 59. 1890.
Aria spicata L. Sp. PI. 1: 64. 1753.
Aria subspicata h. Syst. Veg. ed. 10 : 873. 1759.
Trisetum suhspicatum Beauv. Agrost. 88 and 180. 1812.
Type locality: "Habitat in Lapponiae alpibus."
Range: Alaska to Labiador, south to California, New Mexico, and North Carolina.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 125
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, ZsZ/;(fr 1947; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall
in 1860; Mount Rainier, Piper 2620, 1951; Mount Adams, Howell 423; Flett 1414; Yakima
County, Henderson 2261, 2262; Loomis, Elmer 556; Klickitat River, Flett 1368; Blue
Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Samlberg Jt Leiberg 687.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2a. Trisetum spicatum niolle (Michx.).
Avena mollis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 72. 1803.
Trisetum subspicaturn /nolle Gray, Man. ed. 2. 572. 1856.
Type locality: "Hab. in Canada."
Range: Alaska to New England and Oregon.
Specimens examined: hoomh, Elmer 633 ■. Cascade Mountains, T'asey 386.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Trisetum canescens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 100. 1862.
Type loc.vlity: "Oregon, Columbia Plains." Collected by Xuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 1944, 1945; Seattle, Piper, June, 1891;
Smith 1097; Olympia, Henderson, June, 1892; Montesano, Heller 3931; upper Niscjually
Valley,. -!?/('«. 48; Mount Siuavt, Elmer 1143; Kamiak Butte, P(!>/", July 20, 1899; Palouse,
F. D. Cloud, June, 1895; Blue Mountains, Horner 502, 518; Cascade Mountains, Wisey 483;
Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 238.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Trisetum cernuum Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 1: 61. 1830 (January).
Avena nutkaensis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 254. 1830.
Trisetum sandbergii Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 378. 1896.
Trisetum nutkaense Scribner & Merrill, Univ. Cal. Bot. Pui)l. 1 : (i3. ltK12.
Type locality: "Ex Ins. Sitka."
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1946; Mount Rainier, Stnith 979:
Longmire Springs, Smith, August, 1890; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 42; Seattle, Piper,
Smith 846; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1177; Pullman, Pijier, July 13, 1899; Klickitat
River, Flett 1368, 1412: Blue Mountains, Lake d- Hull 64: Mount Stuart, Samlberg d-
Leiberg 823.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PHRAGMITES.
1. Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 379. 1880-83. Reed.
Arundo phragmites L. Sp. PI. 1: 81. 1753.
Phragmites communis Trin. Fund. Agrost. 134. 1820.
Type locality: "Flabitat in Europae lacubus, fluviis."
Range: British Columbia to Quebec south to Georgia and California, Europe, Asia.
Specimens examined: Ophir, Elmer 519; Columbia River, Scouler; Vr&\) Creek, Douglas
County, Lake cfc Hidl 113; l)etween Yakima and Ellensburg, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
EATONIA.
Panicle dense, erect; upper glume obova te 1. E. obtusata.
Panicle lax, often drooping; upper glume oblanceolate 2. E. pennsylvanica.
1. Eatoiiia obtusata (Michx.) Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856.
Aira obtusata Michx. Fl. 1: 62. 1803.
Type locality: "Hab. in aridis, a Carolina ad Floridam."
Range: Washington to Ontario and Massachusetts, southward to Arizona and Florida.
126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Wawawai, Elmer
1024; Brodie, June, 1898; Parker, A. D. Dunn; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1389; Prosser,
Cotton 733.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Eatonia peimsylvanica (DC.) Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856.
Koeleria pennsylvanica DC. Cat. Ilort. Monsp. 117. 1813.
Type locality: "Penn."
Range: New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to Georgia and Texas.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 61; Steptoe, Vasey 63; Usk,
Kreager 358; Toppenish, Cotton 802.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
KOELERIA.
1. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. Syn. 1: 97. 1805.
Aira cristata L. Sp. PI. 1: 63. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Angliae, Galliae, Ilelvetiae siccioribus."
Range : British Columbia to Athabasca, southward to Arizona, Kansas, and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountmns, Elmer 1668; Alki Point, Pipe/', June, 1891;
Fidalgo Island, Lijall in 1858; Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition; Ophir, Elmer 513; Fort
Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition; Wenache, Whited 1131; Douglas County, Spillman, May,
1896; Toppenish, Henderson 2210; Tieton River, Cotton 452; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 411 ; Klickitat River, Flett 141 1 ; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1110 (a very pubes-
cent form); Spokane, Piper 2723; Spok&ne, Kieager I (very pubescent): Clarks Springs,
Kreager 70; Pullman, Piper 1757; Elmer 885; Steptoe, Vasey, June, 1900; Walla Walla,
Leckenby, May, 1898; Blue Mountains, Horner 492; Kittitas County, Vasey 143; Palouse
City, F. D. Cloud, June 22, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species is very variable and a critical revision of the genus may show it to consist
of several subspecies. The European forms have been much subdivided in a recent paper
by Domin. To several of his segregates he refers American specimens.
ERAGROSTIS.
Stems creeping; spikelets 10 to 3.5-flowered I.E. hypnoides.
Stems erect; spikelets 7 to 10-flowered 2. El. luiescens.
1. Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 69. 1888.
Poa hypmrides ham. Tabl. Encyc. 1: 185. 1791.
Eragrostis repians Nees, Agrost. Bras. 514. 1829.
Type locality: "E.x America merid."
Range: New England to Washington, south to Florida, Texas, and California.
Specimens examined: Kalama, Piper, October, 1901 ; Almota, Piper 1799; Vancouver,
Sheldon 11266; Toppenish, Cotton 794.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
2. Eragrostis lutescens Scribner, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 7. 1899.
Type locality: "Sandy banks of Snake River, Almota, Washington."
Range: Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Near Kennewick, ZTZme/' in 1897; Almota, Piper 2624.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 127
MELICA.
Lemmas notclied at apex, usually awned.
Awns long.
Xerves of the lemma hifsute 1. M. smilhii.
Xerves of the lemma glabrous 2. M . aristata.
Awns short or none 3. M. harfordii.
Lennna not notched at apex, awnless.
Apex of lemma long-acuminate 4. M . suhulata.
Apex of lemma obtuse.
Xot bulbiferous; spikelets 12 to 16 mm. long r>. M. .s'l-uia.
Bulbiferous; spikelets much shorter.
Spikelets shining, slender-peduncled, often nodding:
plants not tufted 6. 3/. specfahilis.
Spikelets dull, erect or ascending; plants tufted.
Panicle strict; glumes membranous 7. .1/. Jiella.
Panicle usually spreading: glumes coriaceous 8. M.fngax.
1. Melica smithii (Porter) Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 294. 18S8.
Arena snrdhii Porter; Gray, Man. ed. 3. 640. 1867.
Melica re'rcfracta Suksdorf, Deutsch. Eot. Monatss. 19: S2. 1£01.
Type locality: "Isle Royale, Keewenaw Point, Lake Superior."
Range: Lake Superior to Washington and Oregon.
Speclviens examined: Sumas Prairie, Z?/a7Z in 1858; without locality, Sandherg cfe
Leiherg 504; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2334; Blue Mountains, Lake cfc FIuU 117.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
2. Melica aristata Tlmrb.; Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 103. 1S7().
Type locality: "Loose soil in open woods near Clark's, 4,000 fret altitude, 1866."
California.
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdoif 73; Wenas, (rV;/^7/(.s tf" ^^W/an 93a.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Melica harfordii Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 102. 1870.
Type locality: "Wooded hillsides, Santa Cruz road, near Lexington [California], June,
1865."
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Ehner 1936, 1938: Cascade Mountains, Vasey €r^ 580; Upper Atanum H'lver, Henderson 2214; Peshastin,
Samlbergdc Lei&er^?, July, 1893; Wenache, G. i?. Fasey, July, 1889; Ellensburg, P(>e/-2616;
Chelan, Griffiths <& Cotton 167; Stehekin, GAffiths & Cotton 239.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Melica bella intonsa, subsp. nov.
Leaves and culms covered with a dense short reflexed pubescence.
Range: Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined; Wenas, Griffiths d' Cotton 103, June, lfi02 (type).
7a. Melica fugax madophylla, subsp. nov.
Leaves and stems glabrous or nearly so.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valle}-, Suksdoif Ql (type), 78, 16, .5; without locality
Wilkes Expedition; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 9, 93.
Melica bromoides Gray is included in Suksdorf's List, but there is no evidence that the
species occurs in Washington.
PL.EUROPOGON.
1. Pleuropogon refractum (A. Gray) Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 13-:
pi. 69. 1893.
Lophochlaena refracla A. Gray, Pioc. Am. Acad. 8: 409. 1872.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected b\' Hall. ,^
Range: Oregon and Washington west of the Cascades.
Speclmens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1931; Piper; Seattle, Piper 886;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 40; Stevens Pass, Sandberg d- Leiherg 734; White River, Vasey 360.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition to Canadian.
DACTYLIS.
1. Dactylis glomerata L. Sp. PI. 1: 71. 1753. Orchard gra.ss.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae cultis ruderatis."
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, T^orne/- 224.
POA. Bluegrass.
Annual: Icnmui without cobwebby hairs at base 1. P. annua.
Perennial.
Plants with creeping rootstocks.
Stem flattened, 2-edged; panicles small 2. P. cornpressa.
Stem cylindric.
Lemma webbed, that is, with a tuft of long hairs at the
base.
PIPER— FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 129
Dioecious, seashore plant; spikelets 10 to 15 mm.
long 3. P. macrantha.
Perfect; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long 4. P. pratensis.
Lemma not webbed.
Low seashore plant with narrow involute leaves and
small panicle 5. P. conjinis.
Taller grasses, not maritime, with flat or folded
leaves.
Florets loose; ligule very short, ciliate; lat-
eral nerves of lemma prominent 6. P. nervosa.
Florets close; ligide rather long, not ciliate;
lateral nerves of lemma not prominent ...... 7. P. olneyae.
Plants tufted, without rootstocks.
Lateral nerves of lemmas prominent ; web present 8. P. trivialis.
Lateral nerves of lemmas not prominent.
Web present at base of lemma.
Leaves flat or folded, not soft and flaccid.
Panicle short, pyramidal; spikelets 6 to 7 mm.
long; low alpine plant 9. P. arctica.
Panicle ample, spreading; spikelets 3 to 4 mm.
long 10. P. triflora.
Leaves flat, rather short, soft and flaccid.
Panicle lax, spreading; spikelets 5 to 6 mm.
long; florets not early deciduous 11. P. leptocorna.
Panicle narrow, the rays usually erect; florets
early deciduous.
Lemma glabrous, or nearly so 12. P. holanderi.
Lemma puljescent 13. P. howellii.
Web absent, no tuft of hairs at base of lemma.
Nerves of the lemma pilose below.
Alpine plant; leaf blades flat, green, broad 14. P. alpinn.
Maritime plant; leaf blades narrow or folded,
glaucescent 15. P. pachypholis.
Nerves of lemma not pilose.
Stems coarse, 60 to 100 cm. high.
Leaves flat, rarely involute, green or rarely
glaucescent; panicles ample.
Ligules long.
% Panicle compact, lemmas sca-
brous 16. P. canbyi.
Panicle looser; lemmas pubes-
cent 17. P. leckenbyi.
f Ligules short; panicle loose 18. P. ampla.
Leaves narrow, involute, pale; panicles
narrow, erect.
Ligules short 19. P. hrach yglossa.
Ligules long 20. P. neradensis.
Stems not coarse nor tall, usually under 60 cm.
in height.
Leaves very narrow, filiform and involute.
Panicles loose.
Florets distant; ligule short. . . . 28. P. idahoen.iis.
Florets close; ligule long 29. P. cajnllarifolia.
29418' -06 M 9
130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Panicles close.
Lemmas scabrous; leaves very
scabrous 30. P. cottoni.
Lemmas smooth ; leaves smooth. "iX. P. cusicMi.
Leaves not filiform.
Stems low, 5 to 20 cm. high; grasses
of the highest mountains.
Leaves soft: panicle purple, very
short: plants .5 to 10 cm. high. 32. P. lettermani.
Leaves rather rigid; panicle pale,
narrow, elongated; plant 10 to
20 cm. high 33. P. sulcsdorfii.
Stems taller, usually 20 to 40 cm.
high; mostly grasses of rupestrine
habitat.
Panicle close, erect; leaves flat.
Lemmas pubescent at base;
leaves rather narrow, some-
times folded 21 . P. sandbergii.
Lemmas glabrous: leaf
blades broader.
Leaf blades soft 22. P. jmddensw.
Leaf blades firm, veiy
short 23. P. curtifolia.
Panicles loose; leaves narrow,
flat or involute.
Ligules of the sterile shoots
obsolete; of the culm leaves
short and truncate 24. P. mnUnomae.
Ligules well developed on all
the leaves.
Low plants 5 to 10 cm.
high; panicle small,
with divaricate rays
and few spikelets. . . . 25. P. vaseyocJdoa.
Taller; 10 to 30 cm.
high ; panicle less
spreading, with many
spikelets.
Panicle loose;
glumes thin,
blades involute. . 2G. P. (jrnciUhna.
Panicle close;
glumes firm,
blades flat 27. P. saxatili'f.
1. Poa annua L. Sp. PI. 1: 68. 1753.
TS-PE locality: "Habitat in Europa ad vias. "
Specimens examined: Near Ellensburg, Piper 2617; Vasey 181; North Yakima, Watt,
August, 1895; Southbend, Spillman, August 17, 1899; Steptoe, Vasey 1; Pullman, Piper
2769.
Abundantly introduced, but in some localities apparently native.
2. Poa compressa L. Sp. PL 1: 69. 1753. C.\n.\d.\ eluegrass.
Type locality*: "Habitat in Europae et Americae sepicntrionalis siccis, muris, tectis."
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 131
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper 2605; Ellensburg, Piper 2618; Steptoe, Vasey
50; Colfax, Vasey 60.
3. Poa macrantha Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 11. 1888.
Ti'PE locality: "At the mouth of the Columbia River.'' Collected by Howell.
Range: Seacoast of Oregon and Wasliington.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 335; Clallam County, Elmer 1923; West-
port, Henderson 2243; Heller 3944.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Poa pratensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 67. 1753. Kentucky bluegrass.
TiPE locality: "nabiiat in Europae pratis fertilissimis."
Speclmens examined: Clallam County, E/zwer 1922, 1920; near Montesano, //f//f/- 3866;
White River, Vasey 125; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 124; Sunnyside, Cotton 375; Spokane,
Sandberg db Leiherg, May, 1893; Steptoe, Vasey 21; Colfax, Vasey, June 20, 1900; Pullman,
Piper, June, 1893.
5. Poa confinis Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 13-: pi. 75. 1893.
Poa abbreriata R. Br. err. det. Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 312. 1880.
Ti'PE locality: Tillamook Bay, Oregon, according to label on type specimen. Col-
lected by Howell.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Westport, Henderson 2245; Port Angeles, Piper 2308; Clallam
County, Elmer 1921; Port Discovery, Wilkes Expedition; Port Orchard, Piper: Johns
Island, Laurence 200; Ilwaco, Piper.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
6. Poa nervosa (Hook.) Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 13': pi. 81. 1893.
Festnca nervosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 251. 1840.
Ti'PE locality: "Nutka Sound." Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Piper 4901.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
7. Poa olneyae Piper, Erythea 7: 101. 1899.
Type locality: Spokane, Washington.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1358; Falcon Valley, Siiksdorf 10; Mount
Adams, Sulcsdorf 160; Cleveland, Siiksdorf 109; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 9; Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1159; Atanum River, Henderson 2226; Upper Naches River, Henderson
2235; Spokane, Sandberg d-. Leiberg, May, 1893; Piper 2295, 2820; Wenache Mountains,
Elmer 467, 468, 444; Whited 672; Cotton 1262, 1627, 1658.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This species is near P. wheeleri Vasey and our plant has been referred to that species.
8. Poa trivialis L. Sp. PI. 1: 67. 1753. Rough meadow grass.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pascuis."
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Piper, July 5, 1897; Puyallup, Piper 3927, 3928.
9. Poa arctica R. Br. Suppl. to App. Parry's Voy. 288. 1824,
Type locality: Melville Island.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 46; Piper 1966.
Both these collections were distributed as Poa laxa Haenke.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
10. Poa triflora Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 2: 531. 1792.
Poa serotina Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 83. 1791, nom. nud.
Type locality: Europe.
132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Oregon, Nebraska, and New
Jersey.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper 2810, 2604; Montesano, Heller 4016; Cascade
Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 1452; Ophir, Elmer 517; Spokane, Piper,
August 7, 1898; Clarks Springs, Kreager 52; \]sk, Kreager 362-. Steptoe, Fasey 61.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
11. Poa leptocoma Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1: 374. 1830.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Washington. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 835; Mount Stuart, Sandherg cfc Lie-
berg 806; Klickitat River, Cotton 1451; Mount Adams, S uksdorf lOS; Atanun; River, Heti-
derson 2230; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 470; CoUon 1308; Clallam County, Elmer 1919.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
All the Washington specimens that have been referred to Poa rejiexa belong to P. lep-
tocoma.
12. Poa bolanderi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 32. 1882.
Ty'PE locality: California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2558; Homer 489, 490.
12a. Poa bolanderi chandleri (Davy).
Poa howellii chandleri Davy, Univ. Cal. Bot. Publ. 1: 60. 1902.
Type locality: "Shackleford Canon, near Marble Mt., Siskiyou County," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2558; Horner 651, 652; without locality,
Vasey in 1889.
13. Poa howellii Vasey & Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. IS^: pi. 78. 1893.
Type locality: Portland, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined; Clallam County, Elmer 1924; Seattle, Piper 963, 962; Smith
962; without locality, Suhsdorf.
Zonal distribution; Humid Transition.
14. Poa alpina L. Sp. PI. 1: 67. 1753.
Type locality; "Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis."
Range; AlaskatoLabrador, south to Washington, Colorado, and Quebec. Asia. Europe
Specimens examined: North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 675.
Zonal distribution; Arctic.
15. Poa pachypholis Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 146. 1905.
Type locality; "Ilwaco, Washington, on cliffs wet by the ocean spray, June 22, 1904."
Not othei-wise known.
16. Poa canbyi (Scribn.)
Glyceria canbyi Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 11: 77. 1883.
Atropis canbyi Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 580. 1896.
Type locality: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Collected by Tweedy and by Bran-
degee.
Specimens examined; Mount Stuart, Sandberg d- Leiherg 819: Cascade Mountains
Tweedy; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1708.
17. Poa leckenbyi Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 2. 1899. .
Type locality; Scott, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Leckenby.
Range; Washington.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 133
Specimens examined: Sunnyside, Cotton 381; Douglas County, SpiUman, May, 1896;
Scott, Leckenhij; near Eltopia, Cotton 1019.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
18. Poa ampla Merrill, Rhodora 4: 14.5. 1902.
Poa laeviculmis Williams, Bot. Gaz. 36: 55. 1903.
Type locality: Steptoe, Washington. Collected by G. R. Vasey.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Sprague, Henderson 2224; Sandbenj d; Leiherg, June, 1893;
Wawawai, LecJcenhy 3000: Piper 2567; Spokane, Piper, May, 1897; near North Yakima,
Henderson, May, 1892; Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 1127; Douglas County, SpiUman, May,
1896; Pullman, Piper 1755; Elmer 173.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
19. Poa brachyglossa Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 145. 1905.
Type locality: Douglas County, Washington. Collected by vSandberg & Leiberg.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Wenas, Griffiths c& Cotton 80; Prosser, Griffiths <& Cotton 1;
Steamboat Rock, Griffi,ths & Cotton 432; Ephrata, Griffiths c£* Cotton 484; Brewster, Grif-
fiths & Cotton 260, 264; Condons Ferry, Griffiths cfc Cotton 421; Grand Coulee, Griffiths c&
Cotton 449; Coulee City, Piper 3916, 3917, 3918; Cold Creek, Cotton 402; Colville Reserva-
tion, Gi'iffiths cfc Cotton 401, 374, 396 ; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfc Cotton 512, 536, 518, .548; Wawa-
wai, Piper 3955, 4127.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
20. Poa nevadensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 11: 66. 1883.
Type locality: Arizona, according to the type specimen.
Range: Washington to Arizona.
Specimens examined: B'mgon, Suksdorf'IS'Sl.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran.
21. Poa sandbergii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 276. 1893.
Aira hrevifolia Pursh, Fl. 1: 76. 1814, not Poa hrerifolia Gaud. 1808.
Poa incurva Scribn. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 6. 1899.
Type locality: Lewiston, Idaho.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Griffiths cfc Cotton 115; Wenas, Griffiths cfc
Cotton 66, 99; Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton 170, 173; Stehekin, Griffiths cfc Cotton 208; Con-
conully, Griffiths cfc Cotton 305; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1929; Washtucna, Cotton 979;
Waitsburg, Horner 501; Steptoe, Vasey 8, 13, 7, 11, 14, 67; Rock Creek, Coi'ton 953; Saint
Johns, Cotton 963; Olympic Mountains, Piper 1989.
Zonal distribution: Mainly Arid Transition.
All of the Wa.shington specimens that have been called Poa tenuifolia Nutt. or Poa
iucJcleyana Nash are referable to P. sandhergii.
22. Poa paddensis Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17 rev. ed.: 261. 1901.
Poa purpurascens Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 297. 1881, not Spreng. 1819.
Type locality: "On Mt. Hood, Oregon." Collected by Iloweil .
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1915; Flett 831; Elmer 1925, 1927,
1930; Bridge Creek, Elmer 675; Mount Rainier, Allen 184; Piper 1967; Atanum River,
Henderson 2244; Mount Adams, Hoinell 83; Sulcsdorf 1.58, 159.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
23. Poa curtifolia Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 16: 3. 1899.
Type locality: Mount Stuart, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1148; Yakima Region, Tweedy in 1882.
Zonal distribution : Arctic.
134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
24. Poa multnomae Piper, Bull. Torr. Cluh 32: 435. 190.5.
Spor-obolufi holanderi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1896, not Poa holanderi Vasey, 1882.
Type locality: Multnomah Falls, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Piper 4902; Klickitat County, Sulsdorf 77.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
25. Poa vaseyocliloa Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 1. 1899.
Poa pulchella Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: .32. 1882, not Salisb. 17%.
Type locality: "On the Columbia r'ver, from near the river bank to the summit of the
hills," Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: White Salmon River, Suksdorf 2; Columbia River, Klickitat
County, Sijksdorfl; Mountains, Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 28, 1881.
26. Poa gracillima Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 272. 1893.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suhsdorf 33: Hoirell 86, 87: Henderson 2229;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 11.53.
27. Poa saxatilis Scribn. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 1. 1899.
Type locality: "Mt. Rainier, Washington, altitude 2100 meters."
Range: Washington to California, in t'le mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1993, 983: EJmer 1928; Fleit 834, 97;
Mount Rainier, Piper 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1154, 1155; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper 2555.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
28. Poa idahoensis Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 539. 1896.
Poa_^Zi/bZiaVasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 271. 1893, not Schur. 1866.
Poa scabrifolia Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 310. 1897.
Poa spillmani Piper, Erythea 7: 102. 1899.
Type locality: Hatwai Creek, Xez Perces County, Idaho.
Range: Wa.shington -and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenas, Grijfiths d: Cotton 94: Douglas County SpiJIrnan, May
27, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
29. Poa capilla.rifolia Scril)ii. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 1.
1899.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Cleman iMountain, Heivlerson 22.38: Ellensburg, Piper 2614,
2615; opposite Clarkston, Hunter 42.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
30. Poa cottoni Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 146. 190.5.
Type locality^: Rattlesnake Mountains, Yakima County, Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton boi \ Griffiths 1400: \'an-
couver. Piper 4905.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
The Heller and the Lamb specimens agree with the types Panicularia davyi and Glyceria
leptostachya, characterized by having the lemmas puberulent-scabrous and the glumes
small and thin. These characters seem to be too variable, however, to accept as specific.
140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Panicularia pauciflora (Presl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 783. 1891.
Glyceria pauciflora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 257. 1830.
Panicvlaria flaccida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 55. 1903.
Panicularia mvltifclia Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 54.
Type locality: "In sinu Nootka."
Range: British Columbia to California, eastward to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, £'/?nfr 1939, 1942, 1941; Cascade Mountains,
Lyall, in August, 1860; Seattle, Piper 810; Valley of Nisqually, Allen 49; Ellensburg,
Whited 686; Vasey 363; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; West Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 1137; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901; near Colfax, Vasey 58; without local-
ity, Sandierg cfc Leiherg 604, 507; Cow Creek, Griffiths d' Cotton 506; Clallam Coimty,
Elmer 1940; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 162.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The original description of Glyceria pauciflora. does not apply well to our plant, but the
name is here used as commonly applied. An examination of the type will doubtless
show it to be different, perhaps not of this genus.
4. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 783. 1891.
Poa nervata Willd. Sp. PL 1 : 389. 1797.
Glyceria nervata Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1 : 365. 1830.
Type locality: "Habitat in America boreali."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to California, Mexico, and Florida.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whifed 481 and July, 1897; North Yakima, Leck-
erifty, June 1, 1898; Wilson Creek, Lake S Hull 95; Spokane Qonniy , Suksdorf \0b: Spo-
kane, WiJkes Expedition; between Colfax and Almota, Brodie;Vn\oxx Flat, Piper, 3w\y
9, 1901; Shotgun Canyon, Palouse River, Fase?/, July 1, 1900; eastern Washington, Lake <&
Hull 373; Davis' ranch, Kreager 224; Kittitas County, Vasey 126.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Specimens collected by Tweedy and Brandegee and referred by Professor Scribner to
Glyceria pallidaa are probal)ly a pale form of P. nervata. As we have not been able to find
the specimens this is purely surmise.
4a. Panicularia nervata elata (Nash).
Panicularia elata Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 54. 1900.
Glyceria latifolia Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 573. 1902.
Type locality: "Sweet Grass Canon, Crazy Mountains," Montana.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, Idaho.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Seattle, Smith 942; Stampede
Pass, Henderson, October 4, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1136; Railroad Creek,
Elmer 721; Mount Carlton, Kreager 274.
Zonal distribution: Transition, especially Humid.
5. Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacMillan, Met. Minn. 81. 1892.
Poa aquatica americana Torr. Fl. U. S. 1: 108. 1824.
Glyceria grandis Wats, in Gray, Man. ed. 6. 667. 1890.
Ty'pe locality: Deerfield, Massachusetts.
Range: New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to Tennessee and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Sumas Yr&me, Lyall in 1858; Montesano, Heller 4071; Van-
couver,//omWZ 362; Loomis, £'Z7«er 628; Alma, £'Zmer 534; Ellensburg, Piper 2577; Waits-
burg, Horner 229; Lake Chelan, Vasey 523; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfc Cotton 507.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
a Bull. Torr. Club 10 : 78. 1883.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 141
PUCCINELLIA.
Panicle narrow, its base usually inclosed in the upper sheath, erect or the
short lower branches sometimes divergent 1 . P. angustata.
Panicle well exserted, the branches becoming divaricate or reflexed 2. P. distans.
1. Puccinellia angustata (R. Br.) Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 512. 1895.
Poa angustata R. Br. App. Parry's Voyage 287. 1824.
Glyceria piimila Va.sey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 48. 1888.
Poa nutkaensis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 : 272. 1830.
Type locality : Melville Island.
Range: Seacoasts, arctic regions south to Oregon and Maine.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, SuA'sdo// 1027.
2. PuccineUia distans (L.) Pari. Fl. Ital. 1: 367. 1848.
Poa distans L. Mant. 1: 32. 1767.
Type locality: "Habitat in Austria."
Range: Seacoasts; subarctic regions south to Oregon and New Jersey. Europe.
Specimens examined: Yakima City, Piper 2590; Wenas, Griffiths d- Cotton 102, 73;
Seattle, Piper 1451; Clallam County, Elmer 1910.
None of the above specimens are typical P. distans, but in the present confusion u( the
genus they are tentatively so referred.
BROMITS. Brome grass.
Spikelets strongly flattened.
Awns less than 7 mm. long.
Leaves linear, somewhat involute, pilose 1. B. suhrelutinus
Leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, not pilose 2. B. marginatns.
Awns more than 7 nnii. long.
Panicle very broad, the longest rays 15 to 25 cm. long, droop-
ing 3. B. sitchensis.
Panicle large but the rays not droopino; ' . 4. 5. carinatus.
Spikelets subterete, not strongly flattened.
Native perennials mostly with loose and drooping panicles; lemma
usually more or less long-hairy.
Rays of the panicle not drooping.
Panicle branches spreading, stiff; lemma scabrous or
short-pubescent over the back 5. B. orcaitianus.
Panicle short and erect; lemma pubescent on the sides. . 6. B. suksdorfii.
Rays of the panicle drooping.
Plant with rootstocks 7. B. laevipes.
Plants without rootstocks.
Lemma evenly pubescent.
Panicle large, heavy ; culms stout 8. B. pacijicus.
Panicle small; culms slender 9. S. eximius.
Lemma unevenly pubescent 10. 5. richardsonii.
Introduced annuals or biennials. .
Awns much longer than the body of the narrow lemma.
Lemma pubescent; awns 13 to 15 mm. long 14. B. tertontm.
Lemma not pubescent.
Awns 35 to 45 mm. long l\. B. tnaximus.
Awns less than 30 mm. long.
Panicle a dense head-like cluster 12. 5. rubens.
Panicle loose 13. B. sterilis.
142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Awns shorter than or scarcely exceeding the broad lemma.
Awns minute or wanting 15. B. hrlzaeformis.
Awn well developed.
Panicle dense, small 16. B. hordeaceus.
Panicle loose, open.
Awn twisted and divaricate \1 . B. japonicus.
Awn straight.
Margins of the lemma inrollcd in fruit IS. B. secalinus.
Marginn of t!ie lemma not inrolled in fruit . 19. B. mcemosus.
1. Bromus subvelutinus Shear, V. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23 : .52. 19(M.
Type locality: Reno, Nevada.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Hunter 596.
Zonal dlstribl'tion: Upper Sonoran.
2. Bromus marginatus Nees; Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 322. 1854.
Type locality: "Douglas legit ad fluv. Columbia, St. Louis." This is some undeter-
mined point on the Columbia River.
Range: British Columbia to Arizona and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper 2607; Whidby Island, Gardner 329; Wenache
Lake, Vasey 103; Wenache, Whited 4; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1359; Skamania
County, Fleit 1391; Klickitat River, Flett 1391; Ellensburg, Whited 440; Union Gap,
Yakima River, Cotton 448; Tieton River, Cotton 484; Blue Mountains, Piper, 2565, July
15, 1896; Salmon River, Horner 511; Cold Creek, Cotton 401; Steptoe, Vasey in 1901;
Walla Walla, Shear 1593; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 174; Yakima, Leclenhy in 1898.
Zonal distribution: Transition mostly.
This species has commonly but erroneously been called B. hreviaristatus Hook.
2a. Bromus marginatus seminudus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23:
55. I9()(l
Type locality: "On open mountain side 5 miles above Wallowa Lake, Oregon."
Collected by Shear.
Range: Washington to Montana, south to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1990; Elmer 1956; Montesano,
Heller 3979.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
2b. Brom.us marginatus latior Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 55. 1900.
Type locality: "Walla Walla, Washington." Collected by Shear.
Range: Washington to Wyoming, south to New Mexico and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1958; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9,
1897; Yakima, Leckenhy, June 20, 1898: Steptoe, Vasey 23; Pullman, Piper 1738; Walla
Walla, Shear 1615.
Zonal dlstribution: Arid Transition.
3. Bromus sitchensis Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 173. 1832.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Washington to Alaska along the coast.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. M . Grant, in 1889; Seattle, Piper 3014,
3013; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Cascade Mountains, Lyall, in 1859.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 403. 1841.
Bromus hookerianus minor Scribner; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 614. 1896.
Type locality: California.
Range: California to Washington and Idaho.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 143
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper 260; Seattle, Piper, May 30, ISflO, SIS in part;
Taconia, Leclcenhy, in 1898; Blue Mountains, Lale cfc Hull 65; Walla Walla, Shear 1579;
Almota, Piper 3561 ; Wawawai, Piper 3552; Horner 915; Walla Walla, .S'Aear 1579; Taconia,
Lecl-enby in 1898.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
4a. Bromus carinatus hookerianus (Thurb.) Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. Agrost. 23:
60. 1900.
Bromus hookerianus Tlnirb. in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 493. 1S74, not Wiegel. 1772.
Ceratochloa graruliflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 2.53. 1840.
Bromus virens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 98. 1862, not Nees. 1829.
Type locality: "Plains of the Columbia", according to the original description.
"Upland dry' soils on the Multoonah [i. e., the Willamette], 1826", according to ticket on
type specimen, collected by Douglas.
Range: California to Washington and Idaho.
Specimens exa.mined: Seattle, Piper 818; Lyle, F. W . Magan; Klickitat County,
SuJcsdorf 16.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
5. Bromus orcuttianus \'asey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 223. 1885.
Type locality: "Near San Diego ", California.
Range: South California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat R'w ov, SiiJcsdorf 172; Mount Adams, ,S'»/^-.<(i:/o// 120.
6. Bromus suksdorfii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 223. 1885.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 620, 74.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
7. Bromus laevipes Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrosl. Bull. 23: 45. 19(X).
Type locality: "On the Columbia River, west Klickitat County, Washington.'
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulsdorf ITS.
8. Bromus pacificus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 38. 1900.
Bromus rnagnifcus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 53. 1903.
Type locality: "In moist thickets near the seashore south of Seaside, Oregon."
Range: Oregon to Alaska along the coast.
Specimens examined: Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 3803; Clallam County, Elmer 19.57;
Granville, ConarJ 343.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
9. Bromus eximius (Shear).
Bromus vulgaris ej'imius Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 44. 1900.
Bromus aliatus glaherrimus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monat.ss. 19: 93. 1901.
Type locality: "Moist, open mountain side 4 miles above Wallowa Lake, Oregon."
Collected b}' Shear.
Range; Oregon and Washington.
Specimens exa.mined: Upper Atanum River, Henderson, August 2, 1892; Skamania
County, Suksdoi;/ 2335.
9a. Bromus eximius robustus (Shear).
Bronnis vulgaris robustus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 44. 1900.
Type locality: "In moist thickets near the seashore, Seaside, Oregon." Collected b\'
Scribner and Shear.
Range; Oregon to British Columbia and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Ptjier 946; Montesano, Heller 3999, Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 176.
144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9b. Bromus eximius unibraticus nom. nov.
Browns vulgaris Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 43. 1900, not Bromus
purgans vulgaris Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 252. 1840, nor B. secalinus vulgaris Koch, Syn.
819. 1837.
Type locality: Collected in the upper Nisqually Valley, Washington, by Allen (no. 41 ).
Range: California to British Columbia, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1961, 1960; Seattle, Piper 945, 946;
Tacoma, Flett 74; Nisqually Valley, Allen 41; Blue Mountains, Piper 2563; Lake & Hull
79; Horner 513, 514; Clarks Springs, Kreager 57; Tacoma, Leclcenhy; Klickitat River,
Suksdorf 177; west Klickitat County, Suk:sdorf 175.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species was formerly confused with B. ciliatus L., which is not known from within
our limits.
10. Bromus richardsordi pallidus (Hook.) Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
23: 34. 1900.
Bromus purgans pallidus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 252. 1840.
Type locality: "Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains."
Range: Nebraska to Nevada and northward to the Arctic.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 3803;
White River, Vasey 378; Loomis, Elmer 559.
Zonal distribution: Canadian or Hudsonian.
11. Bromus maximus Desf. Fl. Atl. 1: 9.5. 1800.
Type localiiy: "Hab. in arvis," Europe.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Leckenhy, .June 2, 1898.
11a. Bromus maximus gussoni Pari. Fl. Ital. 1: 407. 1848.
Bromus gussoni Pari. Rar. PI. Sic. 2: 8. 1840.
Type locality: Sicily.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Piper, July, 1897; Leckenhy in 1898.
12. Bromus rubens L. Cent. PI. 1: 5. 17.55.
Ty'pe locality: European.
Specimens examined: Bingen, Suksdorf 5077 .
13. Bromus sterilis L. Sp. PI. 1: 77. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 2554; Stuart Island, Lawrence 169; Walla
Walla, Shear 1616.
14. Bromus tectorum L. Sp. PL 1: 77. 17.53.
Type locality; European.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Pasco, Elmer 1047; Pullman,
Piper, July 4, 1899; without locality, Sandberg iey 3076.
2. Elymus canadensis L. Sp. I'l. 1: S3. 1753.
Sitanion brodiei Piper, Erythea 7: 100. 1899.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada. "
Range: Canada to Washington, south to Georgia and Texas.
Specimens examined: Ahiia, Elmer 518; Naches Valley, Piper 2584; Cokim.l)ia River,
46° to 49°, LyaJl in 1860; Box Canyon, Kreager 381; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861;
Wawawai, Brodie, July, 1898; Waitsburg, Piper 2.561; Horner, July, 1896; Kiona, Cotton
Tl'!^; Mabton, Cotton 745; Parker, Dunn; Bishops Bar, Brodie, July, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
3. Elymus leckenbyi Piper.
Sitanion Jeckenhiji Piper, Erythea 7: 100. 1899.
Type locality: "Sandy bars of Snake River at Wawawai, Wash." Collected by Piper
and Leckenby.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wawawai, Piper 3003, 3963, 3959, 3969, 3972; Leekenhy 86.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Elymus aristatus Merrill, Rhodora 4: 147. 1902.
Type locality: "Silver Creek, Plarney Co., Oregon."
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Sulsdorf 5194, July 16, 1905.
5. Elymus glaucus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1862.
Elymus antericanus Vasey & Scribn.; Macoun, Cat. Can. Plants 2: 245. 1888.
Type locality: "Columbia River. " Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Alaska to the Great Lakes, Missouri, and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 839, 833; Fairhaven, Piper 2608;
Mason County, Piper, July, 1890; Tacoma, Leekenhy, August, 1898; Falcon Valley, Sulcs-
(Zo// 2151; Ellensburg, Whited 687; Yakima, Leekenhy, June 20, 1898; Wenache, Whited
1301; Wliitman County, Piper, July, 1894; Wind River, Fletl 1393; Wawawai, Piper,
June, 1896, 2566, 2999, 3058; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 78, 82.
Zonal distribution: Mainly Transition.
6. Elymus borealis Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 27: 9. 1900.
Elymus eiliatus Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 57. 1898, not Muhl.
Gram. 179. 1817.
Ti'PE locality: "Common in wet places, Sitka, Alaska."
Range: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1992; Flett 833; Elmer 1907.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
7. Elymus virginicus submuticus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 255. 1840.
Elymus curvatus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 233. 1903.
Type locality: "Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchewan."
Range: Washington to Ontario and south to Kansas.
Specimens examined: Box Canyon, Kreager 375.
8. Elymus virescens Piper, Erythea 7: 101. 1899.
Type locality: "In damp coniferous woods, 3,000 ft. altitude, Olympic Mts., near the
head of the Duckaboose River." Collected by Piper. Not otherwise known.
152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Elymus condensatus Presl, Rel. Ilaenk. 1: 265. 1S30.
Type locality: " Ad Monte-Rey Californiac. "
Range: British Columbia to Alberta, southward to California and Nebraska.
Speclmens examined: Ophir, Elmer 523; Ellensburg, Piper 2588; Vasey 71; North
Yakima, Watt 2210; Yakima, Piper 2592; Pasco, //en(7er.wn 2167; Klickitat County, S«i-s-
dori 1172; Clarks Springs, Kreager 59; Pullman, Pijier 1751; Steptoe, Vasey 64; Wawa-
wai. Piper 2593.
Zonal disthibittion: I'pper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
9a. Elymus condensatus pubens Piper, Erythea 1: 101. 1S99.
Type locality: "In strong alkali soil near Yakima City, Wash." Collected by Piper..
Known only from the original locality.
10. Elymus arenarias L. Sp. PI. 1: 83. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat ad Europae litora marina in arena mobili. "
Range: On sea and lake shores, Greenland to Labrador, Ala.ska to Washington and the
Great Lakes. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper 2606; Whatcom, Swiw/o// 1028; Clallam County,
Elmer 1906; Seattle, Piper 813; Westport, Hemlerson 2169.
Zonal distribi'tion: Humid Transition.
11. Elymus flavescens Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 8: 8. 1897.
Type locality: Columl)us, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected l)y Suksdoif.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Leclriihy, May, 1898; Columl)us Svksdoij
916; Eureka, Nelson, July 4, 1899.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
12. Elymus vancouverensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 48. 1888.
Type locality: Vancouver Island. Collected by Macoun.
Range: Seacoast of Washington and British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, ^^Torr/nfr, September 1, 1899; Seattle, P?"7)er 812, 2858;
Howell 207.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
13. Elymus triticoides Buckl. Proc. Acad. Piiila. 1862: 99. 1862.
Type locality: " Rocky Mountains."
Range: Washington to Colorado, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: Kittitas County, Sandberg c& Leiberg 437; Ellensburg, Piper
2586; Whited 519; North Yakima, Henderson 2172; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2124;
Wawawai, Piper 1911, 3066; Elmer 1021; Walla Walla, Leckenby 90; North Yakima,
Griffiths & Cotton 334; Colville Reservation, Griffitls & Cotton 364; Seattle, Howell 206 «
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
14. Elymus arenicola Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 7. 1899.
Type locality: "Suferts, Oregon." Collected by A. B. Leckenby.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Rockland, Klickitat County, SuksdorJ 1176; Walla Walla, Leck-
enby, May, 1898; without locality, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 466, 468; Brandegee 1202.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This species has been referred erroneously to E. dasyslac/iys litloralis Griseb.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 106
SITANION.
Glumes cleft or parted into 3 to many lolx's; awns of Icmiuas S to
10 cm. long.. 1. jS'. juJititinn.
(rlumes entire or only 2-cleft or 'i-paited.
Nerves of the glumes two.
Glumes entire; lemma glaucous, 1 cm. long 2. S. hrevij'olinm.
Glumes or some of them l)iH(l or 2-parted.
Sheaths and upper surface of leaves glahrous.
Leaves strongly involute 0. S. hasallicohi.
Leaves flat or tardily involute.
Blades 5 to 7 mm. broad .5. iS'. ler
1934; Blue Mountains, Lake d' Hull 371.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
25. Carex festucacea brevier (Dew.) Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 32: 477. 1902.
Carex straminea hrerior Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. 11: 158. 1826.
Type locality: "Grows with the other [i. e. C. straminea] also in Missouri."
Range: British Columbia and Washington to New England and Arkansas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SulcsdorflS, 74, 613; Spokane, Henderson,
July 10, 1892; Toppenish, Henderson 2070; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
26. Carex feta Bailey, Bull. Torr. Clul) 20: 417. 1893.
Carex straminea mixta Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 151. 1886, not C. mixta Miegev. 1865.
Type locality: California.'
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Piper 6477; Falcon Valley, ly c(jllected ])v Brandegee.
64a. Carex nudata versuta nom. nov.
Carex apierta angusiifolia Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218. 18.39, nom. nud.
Carex nudata angustifolia Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1 : 16. 1889.
Type locality: "Fort Good Hope, Mackenzies River." Collected by Richardson.
Range: Oregon, Washington, and northward.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall.
65. Carex occidentalis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 14. 1889.
Carex muricata americana Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 140. 1886.
Type locality: "Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona." Collected by Pringle.
Range: Washington and Montana to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1297 .
66. Carex oregonensis Olney: Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 73. 1886.
Carex halliana Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 9: 117. 1884, not C. hallii Olney. 1871.
Carex oregonensis Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1872, nom. nud.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 6S, 52; Howell 97; Skamania County,
Flett 1380; Yakima County, Henderson, August 12, 1882.
67. Carex pachystoma Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 20: 302. 1905.
Type locality: Crater Lake National Park and Klamath County, Oregon; Mount
Adams and west Klickitat County, Washington.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, 5wfedor/" 4248, 2959.
68. Carex paddoensis Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitschrift 12: 43. 1906.
Type locality: Mount Paddo (Adams).
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 172; Piper 2541 ; Mount Adams, Howell 92.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species is related to C. hreiveri and C. engelrnanni, to both of which species it has
erroneously been referred.
69. Carex pansa Bailey Bot. Gaz. 13: 82. 1888.
Type locality: "Very abundant in drifting sand as well as borders of sea estuaries,
Clatsop, Oregon, and Ilwaco, Washington Territory." Collected l)y Henderson.
Range: Sea coast of Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Westport, Henderson in 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 6437.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
70. Carex paucifiora Lightf. Fl. Scot. 2: 543. /. C. 1777.
Type loc.vlity: "In the isle of Arran," Scotland.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Mount Con.stitution, Henderson 2056; Weiser Lake, SvJcsdorf
1015.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
71. Carex phaeocephala nom. nov.
Carex leporina americana Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1872, nom. nud.; 22: 152. 1SS6.
not C. muricata americana Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 140. 18S6.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2553; Mount H&imor, Piper 2.5.35:
Allen, August 14, 1895; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 8, 9, 10, 592; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1133;
Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 10.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species has been considered to be the same as C. preslii Steud., based on the C. lepo-
rina L. of Presl in Reliquiae Haenkeanae. The type of C. preslii came from the shores of
Nootka Sound, and there is scarcely a possibility that the high alpine C. leporina americana
can be the same. It is much more likely that C. preslii is a form of C.festiva. C. petasata
Dewey, the type of whivh is in the Gray Herbarium, is a very different species from C .
phaeocephala.
72. Carex polymorpha Muhl. Gram. Descr. 2.39. 1817.
Type localiti': "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
Range: Washington; Massachusetts to North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, Suksdotf 2895.
73. Carex prionophyUa Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 15: 423. 1902.
Type locality: "Divide between St. Joe and Clearwater rivers," Idaho.
Range: Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Mount Carlton, Kreager 264.
74. Carex piilchella Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 13: 457. 1903.
Carex hallii Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 82. 1886, not C. hallii Olney. 1871.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 173
Range: Wasliingtoii to C'iilii'uriiia.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Meadows, FJett 1357, 1365; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Falcon Valley, Swi-w/o// 816, 1284.
75. Carex pyrenaica Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Hand!. 24: 139. 1803.
Type locality: "Hab. in Pyrenaeis."
Range: Ala.ska to Colorado and California. Asia. Europe.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 825; Elmer 2722; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2540; Allen 171; Mount Adams, Snksdorf 28.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
76. Carex raynoldsii Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 32: 39. 1861.
Carex lyallii Boott. 111. 1.50. pi. 483. 1858.
Type locality: "Pierre's Hole, Snake River Valley, alt. 6,000 ft." Collected by
Hay den.
Range: Wyoming to Montana, westward to California and British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Mount Chapaca, Kinder 580, Mount Adams, Hender.son, August,
1892 ; Wcnache Region, Brandeyee 1 143 : Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall (type of C.
lyallii); Wenache Mountains, T'oZ/o?) 1240.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Iludsonian.
77. Carex retrorsa Schwein. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 71. 1824.
Type locality: Massachusetts.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to Washington and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Peshastin, SaJidbery tfc Leiherg 592; Loomis, Elmer 616; Waits-
burg, Horner 29; Clarks Springs, Ereager 566; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1379.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
78. Carex richardsoni R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 751. 1823.
Type locality: British America "In the wooded countiy from latitude 54° to 64°
north."
Range: Saskatchewan to New York, South Dakota, and Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Waitsburg, Horner 208.
79. Carex rigida hesperia nom. nov.
Carex indgari.s bracfeosa Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: SI. 1886, not C. bracteo.sa Schwein.
1824.
Type locality: "Ebbett's Pass, California, alt. 8,000 feet." Collected by Brewer.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 19, 24; mountains north of Ellens-
burg, Brandegee 1142; Mount Rainier, Allen 269; Piper 2533 in part; Mount Adams,
SuJcsdorf 16, 17, 36.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
80. Carex rossii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 222. 1839.
Carex dejlexa rossii Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 207. 1S85.
Carex deflexa media Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1 : 43. 1889.
Type locality: "N. W. Coast, Z>ou^Zas; Rocky Mountains, Drummond."
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2718; Coupeville, Gardner 343; Mount
Rainier, Allen 168; Mount Adams, Henderson 2094; SuJcsdorf 24; Klickitat River, Suks-
dorf 48; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 30; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3094; Blue
Mountains, Horner 480; Mount Rainier, Piper 2543, 2552, 2537; west Klickitat County,
Suhsdorf 77; Olympia, Hender.wn 2093; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1145.
Zonal distribution: Arctic to Transition.
It is exceedingly probable that all the Oregon and Washington specimens that have been
referred to C. varia Muhl. and C novae-angliae Schwein. are in reality forms of C rossii.
174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
80. Carex rostrata Stokes; With. Bot. Air. Brit. Veg. ed. 2. 1059. 1787.
Carex ainpullaceaGoodvnough, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 207. 1794.
Type locality: "Bogs of Isla, and on Bentelkerny in Breadalbane," Great Britain.
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland south to New York, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, *SuZ:s(^o?/ 1278.
81. Carex scirpoidea Michx. Fl. 2: 171. 1803.
Carex pseudoscirpoidea Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 78. 1900.
Ty'pe locality: "Ad sinum Hudsonis."
^Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to New England and Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2243; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1126^
Skagit Pass, Lake c& Hull 408; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 684.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
The western form is somewhat larger and broader-leaved as a nile, a difference we con-
sider too slight to warrant separating it as a distinct species as has'been done by Rydberg.
82. Carex scoparia Schkuhr; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 230. 180.5.
Type locality: "Habitat in America boreali."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia south to Colorado and Florida.
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Henderson, June 12, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
83. Carex scopulorum Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 14: 422. 1902.
Type locality; "In the region of Clear Creek Canon" Colorado.
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2247; Flett 826; Mount Rainier,
Allen 170; Piper 2533 in part; Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Horse-
shoe Basin, Elmer 729; Lake & Hull 407; Mount Adams, Su^srfor/ 4246, 4247.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
84. Carex siccata Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 10: 278. 1826.
Type locality: Westfield, Massachusetts.
Range: Alaska to Ontario, south to Oregon and New York.
Specimens examined: Mount Baldy, Wenache Mountains, Cotlon 17.57.
85. Carex sitchensis Prescott in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 169. 1832.
Carex howellii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 1 : 45. 1889.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon along the coast.
Specimens examined: Shoalwater Bay, Henderson 1783; Mount Constitution, Heiv-
derson 2086.
Zonal distribittion; Humid Transition and CanadiaiL
86. Carex specifica Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 21. 1889.
Type locauty; "California, Silver Valley, head of Toulumne River, and Ebbett's Pass."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, SmA-w/oa/ 3099.
87. Carex spectabilis Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. 29: 248. pi. 10. f. 76. 1836.
Carex invisa Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 82. 1887.
Type locality: "Found in the Arctic Regions."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 194a, 195a; Piper 2545, 2538; Smith,
August, 1890; Mount- Adams, Suksdorf 39, 76; Skagit Pass, Lake d- Hull 402, 407; Fort
Vancouver; Olympic Mountains, Flett 826.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Our species has erroneously been referred to C. podocarpa R. Br., a fjuite different plant.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHTNGTON, 175
88. Carex stellulata Good. Trans. Linn. 800. 2: 144. 1794.
TiPE locality: England.
Range: Alaska to Laljrador south to Calil'oiiiia and Maryland. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiherg 761; Lake Keeclielus,
Henderson in 1892; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
88a. Carex stellulata excelsior (Bailey).
Carex sie?-Uis excdsior Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 424. 1893.
Carex echinata excelsior Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 484. 1902.
Type locality': None given.
Range: British Columbia and Oregon to Newfoundland and North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1111: Vancouver, Piper 6444.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
88b. Carex stellulata ormantha (Fernald).
Carex echinata ormantha Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 483. 1902.
Type locality': Strawberry Creek, Eldorado County, California.
Range: Washington to California. Connecticut.
Specijviens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892.
89. Carex stipata Muhl. : Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 233. 1805.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California and Florida.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, 6^/071/ in 1889; Clallam County, Elmer
270.5; Seattle, Pi7)C/- 998; North Yakima, G^r;^ //is cf-CW/o/i 62; EUensburg, Whited 511; Pes-
hsLstin, Sandberg d' Leiherg 589; west Klickitat County, Sulsdorf 29; Cascade Mountains,
Tweedy 17; Blue Mountains, LaTce d' Hull 377; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Vancouver,
Piper 6438.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
90. Carex straminiformis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 24. 1889.
Carex straminea congesta Boott: Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 393. 1868, not Carex congesta
Meyer. 1858.
Type locality: Mount Shasta, California. Collected by Brewer.
Ranc;e: California, Oregon, and Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Howell, August, 1882; Henderson, August 7,
1882; SuJcsdorf.
Zonal distribution: Arctic?
91. Carex tenella Schkuhr, Riedgr. 23./. 70 J. 1801.
Type locality: Unknown.
Range: New Jersej' to California and northward.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Sulsdorf 73.
92. Carex teretiuscula ampla Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 53. 1889.
Type locality: "Quaking bogs, head of Burnt River, E. Oregon." Collected by
Cusick.
Range: Washington, Oiegon, Idaho, and British Colimibia.
Specimens examined: Seatth, Piper 1002; Tacoma, Fleti 210; Nisqually Valley, ^7?P7?
165; Coupeville, Gardner 308; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Marshall
Junction, Piper 2282; Pend Oreille River, Lgall in 1861 ; 'N'ancouver, Piper 6445.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
93. Carex unibellata brachyrhina rem. nov.
Carex mnbellafa brevirostris Boott, 111. 2: 99. t. 2O4. 1860, not C. breiiroslris Cederstr.
1857.
176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: "Carlton House." Collected by Richardson.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Maine south to California and New
Mexico.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 168; Coupeville, Gardner 343; Hangman
Creek, Sandhercj c{' Leiberg 30; Olympia, Henderson 2093.
94. Carex usta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 1: 20. 18S9.
Carex dovglasii brunnea Olney, Bot. King Explor. 363. 1871, not C brunnea Thunberg.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Colville Reservation, Grijfiths ct Cotton 408; Kittitas Valley,
Cotton 1216.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
95. Carex utriculata Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 221. 1839.
Type locality: British America. Collected by Richardson.
Range: Alaska to Labrador south to California and Delaware.
Specimens examined: Lake Wenache, Sandbtrg & Leiberg 640; Seattle, Pifer 994;
Tacoma, Flett 208; Clealum Lake, Cotton 846; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 210; Mission,
Griffiths cfc Cotton 490; Loomis, Griffiths d; Cotton 332; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfc Cotton 497;
Railroad Creek, Elmer 758; Marshall Junction, Piper Till; Waitsburg, Horner 202; Mount
Adams, Henderson 2095; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1278.
Zonal distribution: Transition, mainly.
96. Carex vernacula Bailey, Bull. Torr. Clul) 20: 417. 1893.
Carex foetidd "All." of American authors.
Type locality: "Colorado and Wyoming."
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, 6' i/A-sr/o?/ 812; Henderson.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
97. Carex vespertina (Bailey) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 705. 1903.
Carex pennsylvanica vespertina Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1 : 74. 1889.
Type locality: "Dry hills near the Cascades of the Columbia," Oregon. Collected by
Howell and by Henderson.
Range: Oregon to British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Horner 208; Olympia, Henderson 2077; Chiquash
Mountains, Sul-srto/;/" 2990; Mount Adams,6'MA-sr/o?/292,437,23,67; Henderson 2078; Klick-
itat River, Flett 1406.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Specimens of this have been referred to C. globosa Boott, a species which seems not to
occur in Washington.
98. Carex vicaria Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 49. 1889.
Type locality: "Oregon and California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Piper 6439.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
99. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Fl. 2: 169. 1803.
Type locality: "In Canada et Nova Anglia."
Range: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Florida and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sul-sdorfV298; Ophir, Elmer 516; Cusick,
Piper, September, 1903; Usk, Kreager, August 16, 1902.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
Besides the above listed species in this difficult genus a number of others have been
reported from the region, but there is too much uncertainty regarding them to warrant
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 177
their inclusion. Carex incixa Boott'' is hasccl on Geyer's spt'ciaicn collected in "ricli
movild; thickets of the fertile jjlair.s above Colville." The brief description is as follows:
"DifTert a C. scahrata Schkuhr perigyniis Lievibus, etc., squaniis foemineis viscidis, etc.,
F. B." It luis not been identilied. 6'«rc,/' /owa Schk., reported in Hooker's Flora 6 as
collected b}' Scouler 0:1 tiie CV)]unibia Kivei-, luis i;ot since been found in this region.
Other species reported fro.u the Columbia liiver in Hooker's Flora are 0. strida'L&m.,
C. angustata Boott, C. lagopodlouA's Schk. (C. trlbvloldes Vv^JiI.) i.::d C. straminea Schk.
As none of these have recently' been collected, it is quite cerlaii. that the specimens will
be found to represent otJier species.
ARACEAE. Arum Famh.y.
LYSICHITON.
1. Lysichiton camtschatcense (L.) Scliott, Prodr. Aroid. 421. ISfiO. Skunk cabbage.
Sy)ti]>locar])us katriffichaiiois Bo:ig. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. \\. 2: liJS. 1,S82.
Dracontium curntschatcense L. Sp. PI. 2: 'J68. 17.53.
Type locality: "Habitat iii Sibiria."
Hanue: Alaska to California and Idaho. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Ehne?' 2786; Seattk-, Piper, July, ISila; Silverton,
BoucJc 174; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 210; Wcnache Lake, Sandherg d; Leiberg 042;
Yakima Pass, Watson 400; Nason City, Sandherg d: Leiberg, July, 1893; Marshall Junction,
Piper, July, 1896; Davis Ranch, Kreager 295.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
LEMNACEAE. Duckaveed Famha'.
Tiialloid shoot with 1 root Lemna.
Thalloid shoot with several roots Spibodela.
LEMNA.
Thalloid shoot nearly circular, 1..5 to 5 mm. long 1. L. minor.
Tiiailnid shoot oblong, stalk-like at l)ase . 2. L. Irisiilca.
1. nemna minor L. Sp. PI. 2: 970. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Nearly cosmopolitan.
Specimens examined: Wliidby Island, Gardner 429; Eliensburg, Piper, May, 1897;
North Yakima, Henderson 2534; Wnitsburg, Horner, July, 1896; Me^'ers Falls, Kreager 515.
2. Lenina trisulca L. Sp. PI. 2: 970. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Throughout North America. Asia. Europe.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 430; near Seattle, Tar/e/on.
SPIRODELA.
1. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Liimaea 13: 392. 1839.
Lemna polyrhiza (L.) Sp. PI. 2: 970. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Nearly cosmopolitan.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 428; Seattle, Piper, August, 1897.
« Boott; Hook. Journ. Bot. 7: 377. 1869.
&Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 212. 1839.
29418—06 M 12
178 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
PONTEDERIACEAE. Pondweed Family.
HETERANTHERA.
1. Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. Met. Miun. V.iH. 1892.
Comirielina duoia Jacq. Obs. Bot. 3 : 9. j>l. 59. 1768.
SchoUera graminifolia Willd. Neue. Sclir. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 3: 438. 1801, iioiu. iiud.
Heteranthera graminea Vahl, Enum. 2: 45. 1806.
Leptanthus gramineus Michx. Fl. 1 : 25. 1803.
Type locality: The type specimen is Clayton's nmnbcr 814, probaljly from Virginia.
Range: Washington to Ontario, south to Mexico and Florida.
Specimens examined: Hangman or Latali Creek near Marshall Junction, Sulcsdorf.
JUNCACEAE. Rush Family.
Leal" slleaths open; capsule 1 or 3-celled, many-seeded; placentae pari-
etal or axial JuNCUS (p. 178).
Leaf sheaths closed; capsule 1-ceIled, 3-seeded; placenta ba.sal Juncoiues (p. 184).
JUNCUS. Rush.
Lowest leaf of the inflorescence appearing like a continualiim of
the stem, the inflorescence therefore seemingly latei'al.
Flowers in compound panicles, usually numerous.
Stamens 3; leaf of the inflorescence much shorter than
the stem.
Perianth green ; panicle loose \. J . cffusus.
Perianth brown; panicle close la. J. effvsus hesperius.
Stamens 6.
Perianth green; leaf of the inflorescence as long as
the stem 2. J.filifonnis.
Perianth parts brown, a green stripe each side of the
midrib.
Flowers 3 to 4.5 mm. long 3. J. halticua.
Flowers 5 to 6 mm. long 4. J. lescurii.
Flowers few, 1 to 3 in each cluster.
Inner sheaths bristle-tipped; capsule retuse. 5. J. snhtrijjorus.
Inner sheaths leaf-bearing; capsule acute 6. J. parryi.
Lowest leaf of the inflorescence not appearing like a continuation
of tlie stem.
Leaves not provided with cross-partitions, either flat and
grass-like or terete and channeled.
Flowers bracteolate, loosely scattered or somewhat con-
gested but not in heads.
Annuals; stems branched, leafy.
Stamens 6; flowers loosely scattered.
Capsule oblong 7.-7. hifonius.
Capsule globose 8. J. sphacrocarpus.
Stamens 3.
Inflorescence 1-flowered; bract 1 9. J. nnciaJis.
Inflorescence few-flowered; bracts 2 or
more, style slioi't 10. r/. Jiniclnistylus.
Perennials; stems simple.
Perianth segments 2.5 to 4 mm. long; capsule
3-celled; panicle close 11.,/. cuiifiisus.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 179
Perianth .sci^imcnts 3.5 to 5.5 nun. long; capsule
l-cello(l.
Panicle loose; (lowers palo green 12. -/. f< niils.
Panicle close : (lowers fuscous 13../. occ'idcutdlts.
Flowers not bracteolate, in true heads.
Auricles of the leaf-sheaths w.anting; j)eriantli parts
minutely roughened.
Perianth shorter than the capsule; heads sev-
eral to many, 3 to .5-flowered 14. ,/. coriUei.
Perianth longer than the capsule.
Seeds not tailed.
Flowers in 1 , rai'ely 2 or 3, large heads . 15. J .J'ulcatus.
Flowers in 3 to 20 small heads IG. ./. orthophijIhiK.
Seeds tailed 17. ./. reijclli.
Auricles of the leaf-sheaths present; perianth parts
smooth 18. ./ . /oii'jistij/is.
Leaves provided with distinct cross-partitions.
Blades of the leaves equitant.
Heads pale, numerous; st aniens G; plant tall 28. ./. (i.njimfis:.
Heads browii or black.
Stamens 6; heads solitaiy; stemsnot 2-edged. . 2i). ./. iii(/i(iisianu,s.
Stamens 3 (rarely 6); stems 2-edged.
Flowers in 2 to several dense nearly black
heads. 27. ./. (n.^ifoliu.^.
Flowers in many brown heads 27a. J. cnsifoUus majur.
Blades of the leaves cylindric or only slightly compressed.
Stamens 3 li). ,/. (icuiiiinatiis.
Stamens 6.
Capsules subulate; heads many-flowered.
Leaf blades erect; inner perianth parts
longer than the outer 22. ./. nodosus.
Leaf blades spreading ; outer perianth parts
longer than the inner 23. ./. fniTciji.
Capsules not subulate.
Heads pale, few-flowered; capsules oblong-
lanceolate.
Perianth segments less than 5 mm.
long 20. J. richardsonlanus.
Perianth segments over 5 nun. long. . 21. J. oreganus.
Heads Ijrown; capsules ol)k)ng, abruptly
acute.
Perianth pak- brown; seeds reticu-
lated, the longitudinal striae 20 to
26 24. J . colunibiamis.
Perianth dark brown; seeds about 15-
striate.
Stout 60 to 100 cm. high; heads
several or many; capsule
shorter than the perianth 25. ./. xulsdorfi.
Slender 20 to 40 cm. high; heads
few; capsule as long as the
perianth 26. J. badins.
180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Juncus eflfusus L. Sp. PI. 1: 32G. 1753.
"i Juncus effusvs gracilis Hook. V\. Bor. Am. 2: H;0. 1S38.
Type locality: European.
Range: Subarctic and temperate Norili America. Emope. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Kincaid, June, 1892; King Couiuy, Sul'sdurf
1010; Seattle, Piper 1029; Everett, Piper.
Zonal distribution. Humid Transition.
la. Juncus effusus hesperius noni iiqv.
Juncus effusus hrunneus ??ngelm.. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 491. 18()8, not ,/. ttiiageja
hrunneus Neilreicii 1859.
Type locality: Ccrro Leon, Mexico.
Kance: Washington to California near the seacoast.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2728; Montesano, Heller 3970; Olympic
Mountains, Grant; Chauibers Lake, Ilerulerson, August 23, 1892; Lillewaup, Henderson
18(i0; without locahty, Coo;)^/' in 1852; Klickitat County, Su^-scZorf 2157; Everett, Pipe/-.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
2. Juncus filiformis L. Sp. PI. 1: 326. 1753.
Type locality: Euiopean.
Hange: British Columbia to Lal)rador, south to Colorado and Pennsylvania. Eurojje.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, iyaZZ; Skamania County, Sulsdorf 21G;
Nason City, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 602; Rogers Lake, Elmer 717.
This species has been mistaken for J. patens Meyer, and we believe that all W'asiiington
references to the latter really belong to J . jiliformis.
3. Juncus balticus Willd. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin. Mag. 3: 298. 1809.
Type locality: "Bei Warnemiindc," Germany.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Nebraska, and New York. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2730; Whidby Island, Gardner 299;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 18.58; Lake Osoyoos, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valle\', Sul£sdorf2\A(i,
214, 215; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 404; Seattle, Smith 1021; Longmire Springs,
Piper, August, 1895; Wenache, WMted 1422; Ellensburg, ^YUted in 1897; North Yakima,
Henderson 2554; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake d& Hull 385, 393; Pull-
man, Henderson 2553; Piper, August 2, 1899; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clealum
Lake, Cotton 8.50; ConconuUy, Griffiths tfc Cotton 320.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Transition.
4. Juncus lescurii Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 179. 1858-62.
Type locality: Salt manshes of San Francisco Bay, California.
Range: Vancouver Island to Chile, on the seashore.
Specimens examined: Westport, Henderson 2.552; Heller 3945; Thurston County, Hen-
derson 25.50; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 34, 35; Oyhut, Conard 412.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
5. Juncus subtriflorus (Meyer) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 208. 1893.
Juncus compressus suhtrifiorus Meyer, Linnaea 3: 368. 1828.
Juncus drummondii Meyer; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 235. 18.53.
Type locality: "Hab. in insulis Koraginsk."
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 828; Mount Rainier, Allen 68; Cas-
cade Mountains, Tweedy 31; same, latitude 49°, T^yall in 1859; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1139;
Mount Adams, Hemlerson, Augu.st, 1892; Skamania Count}^, Suksdorf 1011; Nason Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg 675; Biidge Creek, Elmer 652; Blue Mountains, Piper 2274.
Zonal DisriiiBurioN; liictio.
PTPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. ISl
6. Juncus parryi Engoliii. Trans. St. Ijoiiis Acad. 2: 440. 1866.
Ti'PE LOCxiLiTY: Colorado. Collected by Parry.
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2733; Olympic Mountains, Fleft 111,
Henderson 1025; Mount Rainier, Piper 2169; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892;
Ca.scade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lijnll in 1860; Skamania County, SiilcsdorflOAl; Chi-
qua.sh Mountains, Sitlsdorf lOAl ; Skagit Pass, Lake d' Hull 410; Nason Creek, Sandberg tfc
Leiberg 665; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 736; Mount Carlton, Kreager 231.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
7. Juncus bufonius L. Sp. PI. 1: 328. 1753.
TiTE locality: Europei/nn,, August 11, 1901; Yakima, Leckenhy, August, 1897; Loomis, Elmer 613;
Colville, Kreager 519; Toppenish, Cotton 789; Prosser, Cotton 648.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
24. Juncus columbianus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 87. 1901.
Type locality: "In wet meadows near Pullman, Washington." Collected by Elmer.
Range: Washington to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Sandherg & Leiherg 389; western Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 462; Marshall Junction, Piper 2281; Spangle, Suksdorf 463; Pullman, P(>e/' 3054,
3.537; Elmer 235; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 389 in part, Snipes Creek, Cotton 669* in
part, 668.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Orb. Juncus suksdorfii Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 541. 1899.
Type locality: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected bv Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, jSi/^-scZo// 217, 680; Qp&i\g\e, Suksdorf 464; Pull-
man, Piper 1947, 3026, .3042, .3053; Henderson 2547, 2548.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
26. Juncus badius Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901.
Type locality: "Im Falkcnthal im westl. Teil von Klickitat County," Washington.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2144; Kalispel Lake, Kr-eagcr 336.
Very close to J nevadensis Wats, but to be distinguished by its relatively longer capsule.
184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The Falcon Valley specimen was the basis for the inclusion of Jiniciis cJdoivcephalus
P^ngelni. in Suksdorf's list.
27. Juncus ensifoHus Wiks. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 2: 274. 1823.
J uncus xiphioides trianJrus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 482. 18G8.
Juncus xiphioides macranfhus Engelm loc. cit.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Range: Alaska southward in the mountains to California.
Specimens examined; Montesano, Heller 3968, Seattle, Piper 1038; Skamania County,
Flett 1388; Bridge Creek, Elmer 645; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hidl 360; Nason City, Sandberg cfc
Leiberg 608, Blue Mountains, Piper 2275; Pullman, Piper 1938; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton
193; Clealum Lake, Cotton 848; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,Lyall; Grays Harbor,
Wilkes Expedition 237.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Canadian.
27a. Juncus ensifolius major Hook. Fl. Bor. .\m. 2: 191. 1840.
Juncus xiphioides monlanus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 481. 1868.
Juncus saximonianus A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club. 29: 401. 1902
Ty'PE locality: "Sources of the Columbia River, in the Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Speci.mens examined: Olympia, Henderson, October 2, 1892, Wenache, Whited 82, 207:
Ellensburg, Whifed 710; Blue Mountains, Lake <& Hull 376; Silver Lake, Henderson, July 13,
1892; North Yakima, Iffl^/, August, 1895.
28. Juncus oxymeris Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 483. 1868.
Type locality; "Sacramento Valley, Cal." Collected by Ilartwcg.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined; Seattle, Pvyx/-, July 4, 1897; iill)s t)bli)ng, cespitose, more or less rhizoniatous.
Leaves linear 1 . ^4. sihiricum.
Leaves flat or channelled.
Rhizome stout; flowers erect 2. ^1. valithim.
Rhizome scarcely developed; flowers nodding 3. .1. ccrnuiim.
i>ullw glol)ose, loosely cespitose or solitar\^, not rhizoniatous.
Bulb coats fibrous 4. .1. (jci/cri.
Bulb coats not fibi'ous, usually reticulate.
Flowers red.
Leaves flat, rather bioad; reticulations wanting.
Plants tall, 20 to 40 cm. high; uml)el globose,
dense ; scape terete ."i. A. (Jourjlasii.
Plants low, 5 to 10 cm. liigli; scape flattened.
Leaves 2 to 3 mm. broad; scapes smooth (>. .1. toJnnri.
Leaves 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; scapes crenulate. . 7. .1. crcniilatuin.
Leaves narrow; reticulations evident.
Reticulations polygonal, distinct; petals 10 to 14
mm. long, seriidate . . S. .1. aruiiiinafiim.
Reticulations obscure, transversely-oljlong or want-
ing; petals entire, G mm. long 9. ^4. nevii.
Flowers white.
Scape tall; umbel dense, globose; reticulations nai'row,
transverse, sinuous 10. ^4. attenuifolium.
Scape low; umbel flat.
Reticulations none 11. ^4. niacrum.
Reticulations narrow; very cernuous 12. .4. collbmm.
1. Allium sibiricum L. Mant. 562. 1707.
Type locality: Siberia.
Range: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Minnesota.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whifed 26; Lake Wenache, Samlherg tC" Leiberg 630;
White Blutr Ferry, Lake d' Hull, August 9, 1892; Fort Colville, Li/all in 1861 ; Walla Walla,
Tolniie.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Allium vabdum S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 350. 1871.
Type locality: Mono Pass, California. Collected by Bolander.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 275.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
3. Allium cernuum Roth, Roem. Archiv. I 2: 40. 1798.
Allium recurvatum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1. 94. 1900.
Type locality: None given.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Texas, and in the Allegheny Mountains.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, FAmer 2506; Olympic Mountains, Flett 822;
East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf IQ05; Fairhaven, Piper
188 CONTRTBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL TTERBAETUM.
2803; Fidalgo City, FJeit 2109; Goat IMountains, Allen 81; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 671;
White Bluir Ferry, Lake cfc Hull, August 11, 1892; Fort C(jlvi]le, /.//«// in 1860; Weuache,
Whited 1420; Chelan, Elmer 504; Meyers Falls, Kreager 594.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Type locality: The type specimen was collected by Gej^er "on stony banks of the
Kooskooskia River [Idaho]." The onioir of tlie Nez Perce Indians. S J ~ \iA ^W^
Rance: Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and British Coluiii])ia. /^'va/ \
4. AUium geyeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 227. 1879.
Specimens examined: Ellensherg, W/i,/Vfir/508; Piper, May 21, 1897; Prosser, //crw;f/-, inclusion of Alliinii cu.sickii in Suksdorf's List.
7. Allium crenulatum Wiegand, P>ull. Toir. Cnuh 23: 135. 1899.
Type locality: "Loose gravel rear the summit of tlic Olympic Mountains in (he
vicinity^ of the headwaters of the Qiiilcene Rivei-. "
Range: Olympic Mouiitains, W'ashington.
.Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flrff 821 ; Mount Steele, Piper 2218;
Bahly Peak, Lamb 1330.
Zonal dlstribution: Arctic.
8. Allium acuminatum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 184. 1838.
Type locality: "Nootka Sound, plentiful." Collected by Menzie.s.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah
Specimens examined: Clallam CountA^ Elmer 2499; Olympic Mountains, Fleff 86
Fidalgo Island, 7^/^// 2106; Admiralty Head, Piper, May 27, 1898; Coupeville, C^arJ/iPr 286
Naches, Lyall in 1860; Mount Stuart, Mm er, August, 1898; near Mount Adams, Fleit 1117
Peshastin, Sandberg A Leiberg 498; Klickitat River, Flett 1115; Tieton River, Cotton 442
North Yakiina, //ewf^erson, May 29, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 397; Skagit Pass, Laic & Hull
August 24, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 273; Pullman, Piper 1685
without locality, Vasey 92.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
8a. Allium acuminatum cuspidatum Fernald, Zoc 4: 380. 1894.
Type locality: Wawawai, Washington. CtJlected bv W. R. Hull.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OE WASHliSIGTON. 189
KANtiE: EasttTii Wasliingtoii.
Specimens examined: Wawawai, /////Hil!); Clarks Springs, A'rwf/cr 12.
9. AUium nevii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Atad. 14: 231. 1879.
Type locality; Ilood River, Oregon. Collected by Neviiis.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat, Howell, June, 1S79; Klickitat River, Flclf, llKi;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 42; Yakima County, Henderson 24S0, 2481; Wenache Mountaiius,
Elmer 458; Sprague, Sandbcrg tfc Leiherg 205; Henderson 2479; Wilson Creek, Sandhenj tO
Leiberg, June, 1893; without locality, Vasey 91; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1284.
Zonal di.stribution; Arid Transition.
10. Allium attenuifolium Kellogg, Proc Cal. Acad. 2: 110. 1858-02.
Type locality: j\lt. Sliasta, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, iSul-sdoifi'){).
11. Amum macrum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 233. 1879.
Type loc.vlity: "Union County, Oregon, on rocky hills." Collected by Cusiclc.
Range: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2325.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
12. Allium collinum Dough; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 22S. 1S79.
Aliaunfibrilhiin Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 10: 24. 1902.
Type locality: "Abundant on the Blue Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 190, 193. 470.
Allium scilloides Dough", collectetl by Douglas, at " Priest's Rapids, Columlna River,'
has not been recognizable from Watson's very brief di'scription.
HOOKERA.
Anther-bearing stamens 3.
Flowers in umbels, long-pedicelled 1 . //. roronuriu.
Flowers nearly sessile in a very short raceme 2. //. pulehella.
Anther-bearing stamens 6.
Stamens in one row; flov/ers whitish .3. //. Injarlntlilnii.
Stamens in two rows; flowers blue or purplish.
Filament of inner stamens narrow 4. //. Jonglasii.
Filament of inner stamens broad.
Corolla lobes much shorter than the tuiic 5. //. bieolor.
Corolla lobes al)Out as lt)ng as the tube G. //. howellii.
1. Hookera coronaria Salisb. Par. Lond. ])l. 08. 1806.
Brodiaea grandiflora Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 2. 1811.
Type locality: "In California."
Range: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Fidalgo Island, Blett 2104; Whidl)y Island, Gardner 284; near
Satsop, Heller 4031; Lake Park, Piper 2093; Tacoma, Fhtt 906; Gate City, Henderson,
June, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Stuart Island, Lainrence 27.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Hookera pulehella Salisb. Par. Lond. under pi. OS. 1806.
Brodiaea congesta Smith, Trans...Linn. Soc. 10; 3. pi. 1. 1811.
Dichelostemma congestum. Kunth, Enum. PI. 4: 470. 1843.
Type locality: "In California."
a Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 229. 1879.
190 CONTKIBUTIOISIS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBAEIUM.
Range: Washington to Califcrnia wrst of tlic Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 283; Fourth Plain, Pvptv, July 1-4, l.SiQ;
Alki Point, Pifer in 1888; Cape Horn, Piyjer 4982.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transttion.
3. Hookera hyacinthina (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 712. 1891.
Ilenperochonlon hyaciidhinum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: under t. 1293. 1829.
Hesperochordinn lacteum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: t. 1639. 1833.
Ilesperochordon levnsii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 185. t. 198. 1839.
Brodiaea ladea Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 238. 1879.
Type locality: "Native of the plains of the Missouri and of the north-west of Anicric a,
in which last country it was found by Mr. Douglas."
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Humptulips, Lamh 1282; Muckleshoot, Dr. Buhn; Whidl)y
Island, Gardner 282; Fidalgo City, Flett 2107; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tieton
River, Cotton 450; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1208; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiherg, July, 1893;
Pullman, Piper 1679, July, 1893; Lalce 617; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Hookera douglasii (S. Wats.).
Brodiaea grandifora Smith, err. det. Pursh, Fl. 1 : 223. 1814. ■
Triteleia grandifora Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15 under t. 1203. 1829.
Brodiaea douglasii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 237. 1879.
Type locality: "Northwest America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Utah and Wyoming, probably only to the eastward of the
Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Tampico, Flett 1121; Klickitat River, Flett 1409; Spokane,
Sandberg & Leiherg 71; Spokane County, SvJcsdoif 455; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Lei-
herg 71; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Wawawai, Piper 1671; without locality, Vaserj 87.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. Hookera bicolor (Suksdorf.)
Brodiaea hhvlor Suksdorf, West. Am. Sci. 14: 2. 1902. ,
Type locality: "In Falkcnthal (Falcon Valley), Klickitat County, Washington." Col-
lected by Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1049; North Yakima, Henderson 2400; with-
out locality, l^asey in 1889.
6. Hookera howellii (S. Wats.).
Brodiaea hovrlUi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 301. 1879.
Type locality: "Klickitat County," Washington. Collected I )y Joseph Howell.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardvier 285; Tacoma, FZeii, June, 1896, Klicki-
tat County, Tlowell, June, 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 506, 62; Ellensburg, Piper, May,
1896.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
QUAMASIA. Camas.
Perianth irregular, the segments 3 or sometimes 5-nerved; buds gibbous on
one side - - - ^. Q- g'^cn (if ■. .
Perianth regular, the segments 5 to 9-nerved.
Segments usually 7-nerved; capsules conspicuously nerved; flowers
blue or white 2. (^. lrl( I i^i; i
Segments usually 5-nerved; capsules not conspicuously nerved; f.ow-
ers blue 'i- Q- •^"/.«-'^., «•
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 191
1. Quamasia quamash (l^uisli) Coville, Proc. Biol. 8oc. Wash. 11: (J4. 1897. Camas.
Fhalangium quamash Pursh, Fl. 1: 226. 1814.
Oamassia esculenta Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18. t. I48G. 1832.
Type locality: On the Quamash Flats, that is Weippe, Idaho. Collected by Lewis.
Kange: British Columbia to Montana, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, S uhsdorf 50S, 03; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn: Fort
Vancouver, C^'ayr?/ in 1826; Ellensburg, FAttoZ, May 17, 1901; Klickitat River, Fleit 1119;
without locality, Vasey 101; Spokane, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 57; Pullman, Hull 622; Piper
1677, June, 1894; Ehner 821; Union Flat, Piper, May, 1897; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
1896.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Quamasia leichtlinii (Baker) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 63. 1897.
Canidssia csculenid /eichtlirtii Baker, Bot. Mag. t. G2S7. 1877.
Camassia leichtlinii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 376. 1885.
Chlorogalum leichtlinii Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 1: 689. 1874.
Type locality: British Columbia. Collected l)y Jell'rey.
Range: British Columbia to Washington west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens e.xamined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Admirally
Head, Piper, April, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Quamasia suksdorfii (Greenni.) Piper.
Camassia suksdorfii Greenm. Bot. Gaz. 34: 307. 1902.
Type locality: Falcon Valle\^
Specimens examined: Fak'on Valley, Sul-sdoif'2F)l, 509; near Bingen, Sulsdarf 2(563.
LILIUM. Lii.v.
1. Lilium. parviflorum (Hook.) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 253. 1895.
Liliiiin cnnadense parviforum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 181. 1838.
Lilium columhianum Hanson; Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 243. 1875.
Lilium hakerii Purdy, Erythea 5: 104. 1897.
Type locality: "N. W. Coast, Columbia and Walainet Rivers." Collected l>y Douglas
and by Tolmie.
Range: British Columi)ia to North California, not east of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Harford ci" Dunn, May 27,
1869; Clallam County, Elmer 2502; Olympic Mountains, Sargent, August 15, 1896; Monte-
sano. Heller 3972; Silverton, Bouck 187; Chehalis County, Lamb 1179; Pringle, June 27,
1877; Chehalis River, Lamb 1237; Twisp River, Whited 176; Mount Rainier, Piper, August,
1895; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 124; Pcshastin, Sandberg dfe Leiberg 533;
Skagit Pass, LaJce c& Hull, August, 1892; Stevens Pa.ss, Sandberg d' Leiberg 740; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1178; Falcon Valley, Suksdoif 511; Roslyn, Whited 462; Stehekin,
Gri^ffiths cfc Cotton 226.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Cooper referred this lily to the eastern L. canadense L.
FRITILLARIA.
Flowers yellow ; styles connate to the summit ^ . 1 . F. pudica.
Flowers brownish purple; styles distinct to the middle.
Capsules acutely angled; flowers much mottled 2. F. lanccolata.
Capsules obtusely angled; flowers obscurely mottled 3. F. camtschatcensis.
1. Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2: 64. 1825.
Lilium ? pudicum Pursh, Fl. 1 : 228. t. 8. 1814.
192 CONTiillJU'noNS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type i.ocalitv: "Oh tlii' liciulwatcrs ol' tlio Missouri," arcoi'ding to Piirsli, Imt this is
probably an crioi-, as the Lewis specinicii in the I'liihulelpliia Academy is from the Koos-
kooskee [C'leai'vvatcr] River, Idalio.
KANtiE: British C'()lunil)ia to California and Utali.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1114; White Salmon, Snksdorf SIS;
Wenache, Wliited 2, 1009; Clealiim, Henderson in 1892; Fort Colville, Lijcll in 1S61;
Spok&ne, Sandbeiy <& Leibery 74; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893, 1G73; Moore, May, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh, Fl. 1:230. 1814.
Type locality': "On the headwaters of the Missouri and Columbia." Collected by
Lewis. The Columbia specimen in the Philadeli)hia Academy is from Brant Island at the
foot of the Cascades. The Missouri River locality is prol)ably erroneous, as it is out of the
known lange of the plant.
Range: British Columbia to California eastward to western Idaho.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2507; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895;
Orcas Island, Henderson, July, 1892; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Tacoma, Flett
71; Roslyn, IF/itteZ 359; ? osYi&sim, Sandhercj & Leiherg bZA; White Salmon, -S'uA-«/o// 312;
Major Creek, Sulcsdorf, June 4, 1886; Semiamoo Bay, Lycdl in 1858; Goat Mountains,
xillen 235; Twisp River, WInted, July 10, 189G; without locality, Vasey 88, 90.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Fritillaria camtschatcensis (L.) Ker-(iawl. Bot. Mag. 30: under /. IJKJ. 1809.
Liliuin canttschatcense L. Sp. PI. 1: 303. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada, Cam.schatca."
Range: Alaska to Washington. Kamchatka.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 281; Silverton, Boiick 1, 188.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
ERYTHRONITJM. Adder's tongue.
Leaves mottled ; flowers cream-color : 1 . E. (jiganteum.
Leaves not mottled.
Flowers white; lilameiits filiform 2. E. inotdanrnrt.
Flowers yellow.
Anthers purple 3. E. grandifJorum.
Anthers white 4. E. parvi forum.
1. Erythronium giganteum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: under t. ]7S<]. 1835.
Enjthrounim grandi /loniin alhlfloruni Hook P^l. Bor. Am. 2: 182. 1839.
Type locality: "North West America."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Whidliy Island, Gardner 289; Admiralty Head, Piper, April,
1898: ChimacLim, Binn.s, June 30, 1889; Seattle, Piper, April, 1889; Sniitli, April, 1889;
( larke County, Sulcsdorf 2327; without locality, Henderson, May, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Our plant is clearly the E. giganteum figured in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (pi. 0714)
which Hooker suspects is the E. giganteum Lindl.
We incline to the belief that the E. revolutum Smith, a collected by Menzies on "King
George's Sound" is the plant here called E. giganteum. But Mr. Carl Purdy retains that
name for a closely allied species ranging from the Columbia River to Mendocino County,
California, which may also range up the Washington coast to the vicinity of "King
(ieorge's Sound," i. e., the Gulf of Georgia.
aRees' Cyclopedia 13: no. 3. 1809.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 193
2. Erythroniuni montanum S. Wat.:;. Pioc Am. Acud. 26: l.!(). 1,S'.)1.
Type locality: "Mt. Hood, Ml. Adams, otc"
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2490; Olympic Mountains, Piper, 2220;
Henderson 2038; Mount Rainier, Piper 2118; Paradi.so Valley, Flelt 2.5(}; Goat Mountains,
Allen 83; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 11, 1886; Mount Adams, Siil-sdorf 45().
Zonal di.stkibution: IIudsoniaiL
3. Erythroniuni grandiflorum Pursii, Fl. 1:231. 1N14.
Ih-ythronium (jrandi forum minus Hook. Fl. Bor. Auk 2: 182. 1839.
Type locality: "On the Kooskooskee, " Idaho. Collected by Lewis. The exact spot
is opposite the present town of Kamiah.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, LyaZZ in 18()1; Pullman, /'/'/*(/• 1(>7(), June, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Erythroniuni parviflorum (S. Wats.) Goodding, Bot. Gaz. 33: (ST. 1902.
Erythroniuni (jmndi floruni piirvljlorurn S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 129. 1891.
Type locality: " In the mountains from Colorado and northern Utah to Britisli America,
in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and in the Cascades of Washington and British Columbia."
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens e.xamined: Clallam County, Elmer 2491; Olympic Mountains, Henderson
2039?; Silverton, Bouck 189; Moimt Rainier, Piper, 2100; Flett 2()(); (ioat Mountains,
Allen 82; Klickitat River, Flett lllS; near Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1S92; n(>ar
Ellensburg, I^'AifefZ, April, 1897; Simcoo Mountains, Iloioell in 1879: WVnache Mountains,
Whited 1053; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 189. 18:{9.
Calochortus elegans major Hook. loc. cit.
Type locality. "On the headwaters of the Kooskooky," Idaho. Ci)llected by Lewis.
The exact place is opposite Kam'ah, Idaho.
Range: Wa.shington, Idaho.
Specimens examined: Pullman, //i^// 811; //c7/(/(t.s(;;/ 2483: Wenache, Whited Ai). 11.39.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition to Canadian.
Small specimens of this species have been rcfei':<'d c: :'o..cously to ('. iligans nanus \\'ood.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. ] 95
6. Calochortus purdyi Eastwood, Pioc. Cal. Acad. 111. 1: l;^7. l,s<),s.
Tyi'k ux'alitv: (i rants Pass, Oregon, Collected by IIowcll.
IIange: Western Washington and western Oregon.
Specimens exa.mined: Seattle, Pipe?-, June 4, 1883; Meainj, Juiw, 1885.
Zonal dlstiubution: Iliiniid Transition.
7. Calochortus lyallii Baker, Journ. Linn. vSoc. 14: .305. 1875.
Calocliortm ciliaiux Ilcjhinson & Seaton, Bot. Gaz. 18: 238. 1893.
Type locality; "Columbia brittanica ad apiceni nioufs all. ,5,N()() j,,.,les inter fluv.
Columbia et Yakima." Collected by Lyall.
Rancie: Eastern Washington, in the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Naches Kiver, Ilcndenson 24d by a style 1 10^2
mm. loiu
A subalpine species closely allied to C. purdyi Eastw*oo(l, which dilfers in having thinner
sepals lacking the pit at the base, more villous petals without the naked apical area, less
villous scales which are very strongly arched, a mu
Vcratnun calif ornicum Durand is described as having petioled leaves, but the type
L;jjecimen clearly shows that the so-called petiole is only a part of the sheathing base.
TOFIELDIA.
1. Tofieldia intermedia Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 528. 1900.
Type locality: "Sheh-Shooh Lake, Alaska."
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Montana.
Specimens. examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2504; Olympic Mountams, Piper 2242
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2133; Flett 291
Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 21 A; Olympia, Kincaid, July 2, 1896; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1227
Mount Adams, Suksdorf, August 31, 1886; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 516; Lake Wenache,
Sandherg cfc Leiherg 629; Horseshoe Basin, Lake <& Hull 610; Bridge Creek, Elmer.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.
Plate XX.
White Hellebore (Veratrum californicum).
A common plant in the moist flats and vales of the Arid Transition area. Photograph by
A. B. Leckenbv.
PTPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF AVASHTNGTON. 107
Zonal distribution: Arctic and lludsoiiian.
This species has been confused with botli T. gluthiosa (Miciix.) Pers. and T. occuhntulls
S. Wats.
STENANTHIUM.
1. Stenanthium occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 40.5. 1S73.
Stenanthella occidmtalis Kydl)erg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 531. 190().
Type locality: "In the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Bourgcau.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and Montana. •
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 137; Pipei' 222{\; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Clallam County, Elmer 2.503; Silverton, Bouck ISSa; Goat
Mountains, Alien 233; Cascade Moimtains, ITemlerfton, July, 1S92; Cape Horn, Howell in
1877; Piper 4966.
Zonal distribution: Arctic to Canadian.
XEROPHYLLTJM.
1. Xerophyllum. tenax (Pursh) Nutt. Gen. 1: 235. 1818. Pine lily. ^
Hehnias tenax Pursh, Fl. 1 : 243. 1814. CS^^^^TV^^^ ,
Type locality: "On the high lands near the Rocky Mountains." Collectcul l)y Lewis,
June 25, 1806, on which date he was on Collins [Lolo] Creek, Idaho.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2.505; Skokomish Valley, Kmrahl, June,
1892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Carlton, Kreager 273.
Zonal distribution: Pludsonian and Canadian.
This plant was formerly much used by the Indians in basketry work. It ranges in
altitude from near the sea level in Mason County to 6,000 feet on Mount Rainier. On the
Lolo Trail, where Lewis collected the type, it is exceedingly abundant, often c()V(Ming
hundreds of acres. It is also kno^vm as bear grass and squaw grass.
ZYGADENUS.
Petals 8 to 10 mm. long; gland obcordate 1 . Z. eleganft.
Petals 6 to 8 mm. long; gland obovate.
Inflorescence paniculate; petals acute 2. Z. jxiniriihifiit;.
Inflorescence racemose; petals obtuse 3. Z. venenos'iis.
1. Zygadenus elegans Pursh, Fl. 1: 241. 1814.
Type locality: "On the waters of the Cokahlaishkit River, near the Rocky Moun-
tains" [i. e.. Big Blackfoot River, Montana]. Collected by Lewis.
Range: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Washington, Colorado, Minnesota, and
Vermont.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, F/ci^ 109; Wenache Mountains, Whilid 7\S;
Wenache Region, BramJegce 1112; Loomis, Elmer 597.
2. Zygadenus paniculatus S. Wats. 'Bot. King Explor. 5: 343. 1871.
Type locality: "Oregon and Washington. Frequent on the foot-hills of the Virginia,
Trinity, and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch."
RAN(iE: W^ashington to Nevada and Montana.
Specimens examined: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Ellensburg, Whifed 3.54,
Piper 2671; Ellensburg to V/enas, Whifed 276; Wenache Valley, Whited 85, 1054;, IvAam
Vallej^ Siilcsdorf 704; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 577, 366; between Coulee Cii ; r::;:!
Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; without locality, Vasey; Waitsburg, rionier P>4!;3.
Zonal distribution: LTpper Sonoran.
lOS rONTRTBITTIOiSiS FROM THE NATTDNAL HERBARIUM.
3. Zygadenus venenosus S. Wats. Prof,. Am. Acad. 14: 279. 1879. Death camas.
Type locality: Salinas Valley, "among hills," Monterey County, California, according
to the label on the type specimen. Collected by Brewer.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2493; Humptulips, Lamb 1185; Whidby
Island, Gardner 294; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma, Flett 893; Admiralty Head,
Piper, May, 1898; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Snoqualmie, Smith 1060; Steilacoom, Piper
211; Muckleshoot Prairie, RnJin: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Falcon Valley, Siilsdorf
515; Klickitat River, Flett 1120; Pullman, Piper 1672, Elmer 831; without locality,
IV'.sY'v i;i 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This spcci(\s as here accepted is quite variable, but none of the forms seems susceptible
of segregation. The western Washington forms are more nearly typical, having the glands
of the perianth very distinctly limited. The poisonous qualities of the bulb of this plant
are certainly much exaggerated, if indeed there is any real basis in fact for its reputed
virulence.
The Washington specimens referred l)y Hooker « to Leimanthium nuitallii and by
Cooper l> to Anticlea nnttaUii and A. doucjlasii are with little doubt Zi/gadenus venenosus.
CONVALLARIACEAE. Lily of the valley Family.
Leaves reduced to scales; branches thread-like, green AsPABACiUs (p. 202).
Leaves foliaceous; branches not thread-like.
Plant producing but one flower.
Leaves three in a whorl Trillium (p. 19Sy
Leaves all basal, not whorled Clintonia (p. 199).
Plant producing several to many flowers.
Infloi'cscence a raceme or panicle.
Perianth segments six Vagnera ( p. 199 ) .
Perianth segments four Unifolium ( p. 200).
Inflorescence an umbel or flowers solitary.
Flowers terminal on the branches, solitary or umliellcd. Disporum (p. 201 ).
Flowers axillary, usually solitary.
Perianth narrowly campanulato Streptopus (p. 201).
Perianth rotate Kruiisea (p. 202).
TRILLIUM.
Flowers white, becoming purplish, peduncled.
Leaves rhombic-ovate; rhizome horizontal; petals much longer
than the sepals _ ] . T. ovatum.
Leaves ovate; rhizome vertical; petals scarcely longer than the
sepals 2. T. erassifnHuni.
Flowers sessile.
Leaves .sessile, mottled; petals whitish 3. T. eldoro petal urn.
Leaves petioled, not mottled; petals brown-purple 4. T. petiolatinr,.
1. Trillium ovatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 245. 1814. W\ke-rop,t;m.
TrUliinii ohovatinti Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 180. 1839.
Type locality: "On the rapids of the Columbia River." Collected by Lewis, April 10,
1806, on which date he was at the foot of the Cascades of the (\iliiml)ia.
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
a Flora Bor. Am. 2: 177. >> Pac. R. Rep. 12-: 69.
PIPER — rPLORA OF TTTK STATE OF W AS ITT NOTON. 100
Spfximens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2498; Port Ludiow, Binns, ^[arch 30,
1889; Silverton, BoucJc 178; upper Nisqually Valley, Alien 58; Piper, August, 1895;
Tsicomsi, Flett 75; Easton, WJiited 295; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie ; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
& Leiberg 770; without locality, Vasey 85; Fend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 188.
Zonal distribitiox: Transition and Canadian.
2. Trillium crassifolium Piper, Erytliea 7: 104. 1899.
Type locality: "Foothills near Wenatchee," Wash. Conected by Whited.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: AVenache Mountains, Whifed, April, 1899; May, 1900.
3. Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) Howell, FI. N. W. Am. Gfil. 1902.
TrUlium .'iesMJe rhloropefuJiiin Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 151. 1856.
Trillium sesfiile cnlifornicum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 273. 1879.
Ti'PE LOCALITY': "Redw.oods," C-alifornia.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Roj, Flett 2223.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Trillium petiolatum Pursli, Fl. 1: 244. 1814.
Type locality': "On the waters of the Kooskooskee.'" Collected hy Lewis, June 15,
1806. On that day Lewis was on the Lolo River, Idaho.
Range: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Savdberg cfe LeiJierg, May, 1893; S])okane County,
Suksdorf 457 ; Spokane hills, Lyall in 1861; Pullinaii, Pljier 1674; Elmer 125.
Zonal distribution: Ai'id Transition.
CLINTONIA.
1. Clintonia imiflora (Schult.) Kunth, Enum. Pi. 6: 159. 1850.
Smilacina borealifi unijlora Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 7': 307. 1829.
Smiladna mnflora Menzies; Hook. Fl. Bor. \n\. 2: 175. t. 190. 1839.
Type locality': "In ora occidentali Americae horealis." tbllected by Menzies.
Rancie: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmex 2494; Olympic Mountains, Grant in
1889; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Valley of Nisqually, Allen 74; Sil-
verton, Bouck 180; Mount Rainier, Flett 262; Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 560;
Stampede Pass, Henderson, July and October, 1892; Skagit Pass, I^ah' tfc Hull 612; Pcshas-
tin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; between Spokane and Pend Oreille River, Lyall in
1861; Mount Carlton, Kreager 184, 229; without locality, Va.^^ey 98.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
VAGNERA.
Flowers numerous, small, in panicles.
Styles nearly as long as the ovaries 3. F. amplericaulis.
Styles very short 3:'., V. anijile.ricaulis- lirarln/styla.
Flowers larger, few, in racemes.
Leaves flat and spn^ading 2. V. srNsilifolia.
Leaves folded, ascending _ . 1 . F. .tfellata.
1. Vagnera steUata (L.) Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 114. 1894.
Convallaria .sfellafn L. Sp. PI. 1: 316. 1753.
Smilacina stellafa Desf. Ann. Mus. Par. 9: 52. 1807.
Type locality: Canada.
200 CONTRTBUTTONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
RANfiE: \Vasliino;ton to Labrador, soiitli lo California, New Mexico, Iowa, and Penn-
sjdvania.
Specimens examined: Ellensbuig, Whifcil '.Vi\ ; Is'ortli Yakima, Lcckenhy, May, 1898;
Blue Mountains, Horner 194.
2. Vagnera sessilifolia (Baker) Greene, Man. Bay Region 316. 1894.
Tovaria sessUifolia Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 566. 1875.
Smilacina sessilifolia Nutt; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 245. 1879.
Smilacinn sfellata sessilifolia Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 358. 1900.
Type locality: "America l)orealis occidentalis a Columbia brittanica ad Californiam
et Mexicum Novum."
Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2495; Cascade, Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1858; near Lake Cushman, Piper, August, 1895; Silverton, Bouck 185; Valley of
Nisqually, Allen 37; Tacoma, Flett 90; west Klickitat County, SnTcsdorf 173; Falcon Val-
ley, SuTcsdorf 172; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Whited
1052; Sunnyside, 6'o«on 374; Klickitat River, Flett 1122; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock
Creek, Sandherg & Leiherg 126; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Henderson, June,
1892; Almota Creek, Piper, May, 1897; Pullman, Elmer 117; Piper, July, 1900; Hull 616;
Waitsburg, Horner 195; without locality, Vasey ; Clarks Springs, Kreager 45; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 221, 252.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Vagnera amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Region 316. 1894.
Smilacina ainphjicanlls Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 58. 1834.
Smilacina racemosa amplexicaulis Wats. Bot. King Explor. 345. 1871.
Vagnera brachypefnla Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Clul) 28: 268, 1901.
Type locality': "In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains ai>out the sources of the
Columbia River." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia to California and New ilexico.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2500; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1345; Coupe-
ville, Gardner 290; Tacoma, Flett 203; Silverton, BoricJc 186; Mount Adams, Sulcsdorf
1006; Wenache, Whiied 1051; Lake Wenache, Sandherg d' Leiherg 648; Lake Chelan,
LaTce & Hull, August 15, 1892; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper,
July 15, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 271.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
A var-iablc species distinguishable with difhculty from T'. racemosa (L.) Morong.
3a. Vagnera amplexicaulis brachystyla (llendeison).
Smilacina racemosa hrachystijla Henderson, Bull. Torr. C'lul) 27: 357. 1900.
Ti-PE locality: "In the Yakima country," Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Kamiak Butte, Elmer 810; Moon . June, 1893; Piper, July 20,
1899.
UNIFOLITJM.
1. XJnifoliuni bifolium kamtschaticum (Gmel.)
C'onrallaria hlfolia kamtschatica Gmcl.; Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 587. 1831.
Maianthemum hifoliitm dilatatum Wood, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1868: 174. 1868.
Type locality: Kamtschatka.
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2494; Silverton, Bouck; Seattle, Piver
200; Tacoma, Flett 197; Nisqually Valley, JZ/pr; 73; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf May 29,
1886; Fort Vancouver, collector not indicated; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This plant was i-eferi-ed to S7nilacina hifolia L. in Hook(>r's Flora and to Smilacina hifcnia
trifolia in Ccttjper's List.
pjPER FLORA OF TflE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 201
DISPORUM.
Perianth broad at base; stigma 3-cleft - 1- ^- -^nnthli.
Perianth narrowed at base.
Fruit ovate, pubescent ; stigma entire '-■ D. omjan am .
Fruit globose, papillose ; stigma 3-cleft 3. D. inajus.
1. Disporum smithii (Hook.)-
Uvulana smithii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 174. f. JS9. 1S3S.
Promrtes menziesii D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1: 48 1839 (Deceml)or) or 1840.
Disporum memiesii Britt. Bull. Torr. Club, 15: 188. 1888.
Type locality: "Nutka Sound." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to north California, near the coast.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1039a; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen, June 2.i,
1893; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May 13, 1892; without locality. ]'as,'i/ 97.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Disporum oreganum (S. Wats.) Bcnth.& Hook.; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : 0.59. U)02.
Prosartes oreganam S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 271. 1879.
Type locality: Oregon.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, FJmer 2497; Lake Cusimian, Piper, August,
1895: Nisqually Valley, Allen 148; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1801 ; Tacomu.,
Flett, May, 1890; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdoif ,513; along Salmon River, Horner 472; Stampede
Pass, Henderson, June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Brandeejee UK): Fort \'anc(nivcr, Tol-
mie: Lake Wenache, Sanelherg cfc Leiherg 044; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1890; foot-
hills of Blue Mountains, Horner 189; without locality, Vasey: Frontier, Kreeiger 4()8.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Disporum majus (Hook.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 188. 1888.
Prosarfes leinnginosa major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 174. 1839.
Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats. Bot. King. P^xplor. 344. 1871.
Ti-PE locality: "Between Norway House and Cumberland House Fort." Collected
by Richardson.
Range: British Columl)ia and Saskatchewan to Arizona.
Specimens examined: SiWi^vlon, Bouek 181; along Twisp River, Whifed, July, 1890;
Falcon Valley, SwA-.sfZor/' 901; Conconully, Whited 1321; Wenache, M'hifed (iO; Clealuni,
Whited 422?; Spokane, Piper 2285, 2208; along Salmon River, Homer 473: Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July, 1890; Mount Carlton, Krenger 310; Ciaiks Springs, Kreager 130.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Prosartes lanuginosa major Hook, has been associated with P. oreganum Wats., but mis-
takenly, since the latter species does not range east of Idaho. A Richardson specimen m
the C.ray Herbarium perhaps of the type collection is unquestionably P. treielnjceirpu,,,
Wats. We have, therefore, no hesitancy in giving the synonymy as above.
STREPTOPTJS.
Leaves glaucous beneath, half-clasping; flowers greenish 1 • .'^. ami>le.rifolnis.
Leaves green on botii sides, .sessile; flowers, rose-colored 2. S. roseiis.
1. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Fl. Fr. 3: 174. 180.").
Uvuliria ampIexifoUa L. Sp. PI. 1: 304. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Bohemiae, Silesiae, vSaxoniae, Deiphinatus montibus."
Range: Alaska to Labrador and .southward to Arizona and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.
, Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49^ />;/«// i" i<'">9: (\.up(>ville, OV,rr/-
jier,May25,1897; SWvexton, Bouck\S2; Se-attk', Piper m 1S85; Tacoma,/'/r//, J04; Steven^
202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL TIERBAPJUM.
Pass, Samlherg c£' Leiherg 737 ; near Skagit Pass, Lal'e cf • Ihill 615; Lake Wenache, Sandherg
<& LeAherg 646; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey 104; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 254, 191.
Zonal distributiox: Transition.
2. Streptopus roseus Michx. Fl. 1: 201. 1803.
Streptopus curvipes Vail, Bull. Torr. Club. 28: 267. 1901.
Type locality: "Ilab. in excelsis montibus Carolinae septontrionalis ot in Canada."
Range: Alaska to Oregon, Labrador, and Georgia.
Specimen.s examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 18.59; Lake Cushman,
Piper in 1890; Goat Mountains, Allen, August 12, 1895; Silvorton, Bovck 183; Skamania
OouQiyjSriksdorf, August 10,1886; Mount Adams, ^wZr.sdorf 44; Stampede Pass, //f?ir?erso«.,
April 10, 1892; Stevens Pass, Whited 1460; Simcoe Mountains, ffoM;efi in 1879; Nason City,
Sandherg & Leiherg 652.
Zonal DISTRIBUTION : Humid Transition.
The western form of this species is commonly smaller than that of the eastern States,
and shows a tendency to produce longer rhizomes, but we believe these differences are not
specific, especially as rhizomatous forms occur also in the Allegheny Mountains.
KRUHSEA.
1. Kruhsea streptopoides (Ledeb.) Kearney in Herron,Explor. in Alaska, Adj. Gen. Ofl".
31: 74. 1901.
Smilacina streptopoides Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 128. 1853.
Kruhsea tilingiana Regel, Nouv. Mem. vSoc. Nat. Mosc. 11: 122. 18.59.
Streptopus hreinpes Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 592. 1875.
Ty'pe locality: "Ilab. in Siberia orientali pr. Ajan! inqu(^ insula Sitka."
Range: Alaska to Washington. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Cacsade Mountains, latitude 49°, LgaU in 1859.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
ASPARAGUS.
1. Asparagus officinalis L. Sp. PI. 1: 313. 1753. Asparagus.
The cultivated asparagus (juickly escapes from cultivation and becomes more or less
establislied. This is especially true in somewluvt alkaline lands in the Yakima ^"allev.
IRIDACEAE. This Family.
Flowers very large; styles petal-like Iris (p. 202).
Flowers moderate; styles filiform.
Filaments united to the top; flowers usually blue Sisyrinchium (p. 203).
Filaments united only at base; flowers never blue.
Flowers yellow; styles cleft to the middle Hydastylus (p. 204).
Flowers red : styles cleft near the top Olsynium (p. 204).
IRIS.
Stems leafy ; brads green, not scarious 2. /. tcna.r.
Stcnns leafless; bracts largely .scarious 1. /. :riissoiniens)s.
1. Iris missouriensis Xutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: .58. 1834. PL.vrE XXL
Iris toliincana Herbert, Bot. Beech. Voy. 396. 1839.
Ir'is raitrina Herbert; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 206. 1839 (November).
Type locality: "Towards the sources of the Missouri." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia to Dakota, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: vVhidby Island, Gardner 278, 426; Ellensburg, Whited, May,
1897; Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Prosser
Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.
Plate XXI.
PIPER- FLORA OF TTTE STATE OF WARTirNGTOTsT . 203
Henderson, May, 1892; Rork Crork, Snridherg d- Lelbcrg 100; Pullman, Piper, .Tunc, lSw
Georgia, in dry .soils or open parts of woods, flowering in April and May." Co]l(>ctcd by
Douglas.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Montcsano, Heller 3870; Henderson; Fort Vancouvoi-, Tohtne;
Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper 4943.
Zonal distribution: Humid Tran.sition.
SISYRINCHIUM. Blue-eyed grass.
Bracts of the spathc linear, equally narrow, the inner exceeding the
flowers, the outer much longer 1 . .S\ sarmentosiini.
Bracts of the spathe dissimilar, the inner broader than th(> outer and
always shorter than the flowers.
Perianth-segments 4 to 7 mm. long, white or pale; leaves and
stems 0.5 to 1 mm. wide 2. S. septcntrionale.
Perianth-segments 12 to IS nun. long, blue.
Stems usually 2-branched 3. (V. hiramcvm .
Stems always simple.
Leaves 1 to 3.5 mm. broad, firm; stems 1 to 3 mm. wide. 4. S. idahocnse.
Leaves 0.5 to 1.5 mm. broad, soft; stems 1 to 1.5
mm wide 5. H. segeiiim.
1. Sisyrinchium sarmentosum Suksdorf, Erythea 3; 121. 1895.
Type Lf)CALiTY: Skamania County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, Suksdoif223'A.
2. Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Clul) 26: 4.52. 1899.
Type locality: Moose Mountain Creek, Assiniboia.
Range: Assiniboia to Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: "Spokane to Colville," Will-es Expedition in 1838-1842.
3. Sisyrinchium birameum sp. no v.
Loosely tufted, 40 to 50 cm. high, the herbage discolored in drying; stems smooth,
erect, winged, the principal ones branched above, 1 to 2 mm. ])road; lea\(^s firm, erect,
rather few, about half the height of the stem, 2 to 3 mm. broad, acute; caulinc^ leaf when
present 8 to 10 mm. long, the two peduncles usually exceeding it; bracts of the spathe
subequal, lanceolate, purplish, the inner 2 to 2.5 cm. long, always shorter than the pedicels,
the outer often of the same length, sometimes a half longer, both hyaline-margined and
attenuate-acute; flowers 2 to 5 on slender, erect pedicels; perianth dark blue with a yellow
eye, its segments 12 to 15 mm. long; stamineal column 5 to 6 mm. long; ovaries glandular-
puberulent; cap-sules globose, 4 to 5 mm. broad; seeds black, foveolate, 1 mm. long, the
angles irregularly winged.
Collected in swamps near Vancouver, June 5, 1905, no. 4920, the type in the National
Herbarium. The .species is closely allied to S. idahoense Bicknell, but its fref|ucntly
branched stems scarcely permit its association therewith. Typical S. idahoense occuiied,
however, in drier ground near by and it is possible tha^t our plant is merely a luxuriant
branched form of that species.
204 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
4. Sisyrinchium idahoense Bifknoll, Bull Torr. Clul) 26: 44.5. 1899.
Type locality: Kootenai County, Idalio. Collected by Loit>erg.
Kange: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3883; Pressor, Ilenderson, 2.543; Ellensburg,
Whited 453; Pullman, Pi/wr 1684; Hull 608; Elmer 213, 825; Wcn&s, Griffiths ct Cotton 78;
Satus, Cotton 1119; Vancouver, Piper 4938.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Tliis species was formerly considered the same as the eastern S. mucronaturn Mielix.,
under whicli name several references to our flora occur. '
5. Sisyrinchium segetum Bickm-ll, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 449. 1899.
Type locality: Seattle^ Washington.
Range: Washington and Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Humptulips, Lnmh 1176; Admiralty Head, Piper, May 27, 1898;
Seattle, Piper, May, 1892; Meany 196; Coupeville, Gardner 283; Tacoma, Flett 187;
Olynipia, Henderson 2542.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Very near S. idahoense, but perhaps distinct by its narrower and tliinncr leaves and
stems.
HYDASTYLUS.
Pedicels 10 to 1.5 mm. long; leaves 2 to 5mm. broad 1. H. bracJtypvs.
Pedicels 15 to 20 mm. long; leaves 1 to 3 mm. broad 2. H. borealts.
These two supposed species are very similar and probabh' not distinct. Heretofore they
have been referred to Sisyrinchium californicum Ait., a species that does not occur so lar
nortlL More material of these two forms is necessary to determine their status.
1. Hydastylus brachypus Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 379. 1900.
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected hx E. Hall.
Range: Coasts of Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, Lamh 1251; Westport, Henderson, June, 1892; Gran-
ville, Canard 410.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Hydastylus borealis Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 378. 1900.
Type locality: Wiiatcom County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Coast of Washington and Vancouver Island.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, GarcZn^r 411; Sulsdorf 1004.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
OLSYNIUM.
1. Olsynium grandifioruni (Dougl.) Raf. New Fl. Am. 1: 72. 1836.
Sisyrinchii/iH yrandifornm Dougl. Bot. Reg. 16: t. 1364- 1830.
Ty'PE locality: "Near the Great [Celilo] Falls of the river Columbia." Collected by
Douglas in 1826.
Range: British CohiTiibia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 279; between Ellensburg and Wenache,
Whited 58; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinirey in 1894; Klickitat River, Flett 1112; Hangman
Cfeek, Snndhery A Leihery 34: Pullman, Moore, May, 1893: Fhner 74; Piper, April, 1894,
.lune, 1893: Wenache Mountains, Griffiths cfc Cotton 133; Spokane, Piper.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 205
ORCHIDACEAE. Orchid Family.
IViicft ;in Irts 2: lip l:irjj;i', sac-liko Cvi'iurKuiL .m (p. 205 j.
Pei'irc; anchor L
riaiioS saprophytic, without giocn hrrhagc.
Flowers spurred, reddish oi white Cokallouiii/.v ( p. 2(10).
Flowers spurless, white Cephalanthkua ( p. 20()).
Plants with ordinary green herbage.
Flower and leaf solitary; plant bulbous C'ytiiekea ( p. 207 ).
Flowers several to many in racemes.
Leaves only two.
Both leaves cauline; lip 2-lobed 'Ji'hius (p. 207).
Both leaves basal; lip entire Leptorcihs (p. 20.S).
Leaves more than two.
Cauline leaves reduced to bracts.
Basal leaves several, white-ret iculatetl. . PerAxMium (p. 20S2. MM).'). Calypso.
Cypripedium bulbu.sum L. Sp. Pi. 2: 9.51. 17.")o.
[' Calypao horealis Salisb. Parad. Lond. /. S'J. LSOG.
Cytherea horealis Salisb. Trans, llort. Soe. Lond. 1: oOl. 1X12.
Calypso hidhosa Oakes, Cat. Vermont PI. 28. 1842.
L Calypso hulbosa "forma occidentalis" Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Ib'tli. 3: 2.'Jl . 1S9.5.
L Calypso occidentalis Heller, Bull. Torr. Clul) 25: 193. 1898.
Type locality: "Habitat in Lapponia, Russia, Sibiria."
Range; Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Michigan, and Maine.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Piper, May, 1898; Seattle, Pi/»r 1 '..:>; 'i'acouia,
Flctt 111; Olympia, Cooper; Roy, Allen, April 19, 1889; Blue Mountains, Ilurmr 4(i7.
\ Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
The western form of this species has the hairs on the lip wiiite inslcad of \(lli,\v. It
grows commonly in places carpeted. by Hypnuni, but wi' have never lound il oceuiring in
Spliagnuin, as it does in the \e\v England States.
OPHRYS.
Column very short; 5 mm. long 1 . O. cordafu .
Column 2 to 3 mm. long.
Lip 5 mm. long; ovary glabrous 2. (>. cnuri na.
Lif) 9 mm. long; ovary glandular. 3. O. conrallarioides.
1. Ophrys cordata L. Sp. PI. 2: 94G. 1753.
Listera cordata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 5: 201. 1813.
Listera nephrophylla Rydi)eig, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 108. 1900.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae frigidae sylvis humentibus."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Penn.sylvania. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Westport, Lamb 1093; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall
in 1859; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sundhcnj d' Lellniy 780;
IKvaco, Piper 4951; Seattle, Piper in 1885.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Ophrys caurina (Piper) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 32: (UO. 1905.
Listera cauiina Piper, Erythea 6: 32. 1898.
Listera retusa Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 155. IIKK).
Type locality: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Type collected by Henderson.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer '254S; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1295; Mount
Baker, Flett 805; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2'A2ij\ Green River Hoi vSprings, Piprr 380;
Stampede Pass, Hemlerson, July, 1892.
?JONAL distribution: Canadian.
3. Ophrys convallarioides (S\v.) W. F. Wight, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 380. 1905.
Epipnctis cmvallarioides S\v. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockli. II. 21: 232. 1800.
Listera convallarioides Torr. Comp. 320. 1826.
Type locality: "E. Terra Nova Amer. sept."
RANCrE; Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to California and Vi'rmont.
2t3 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens EXy\MiNEU: liig C'reok Prairii^, Lamh 1402; near Mount Kaiiiici-, Sinith,
August, 1890; Lake Wenaclie, Sandberg cC' Lcilnnj 641; Blue ilountains, Piper 2426;
Davis ranch, Knaijer 301 .
Zonal distribution: C'anadian.
LEPTORCHIS.
1. Leptorchis loeselii (L.) MacM. Met. Minn. 173. 1S93.
Ophrijs loeselii L. Sp. PI. 2: 947. 1753.
Li pa/is loeselii Richard, Mem. Mus. Par. 4: 60. 1818.
Type locality: "Habitat in Sueciae, Borussiae paUidibus."
Range: Washington to Nova Seotia, south to Missouri and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf, June 25, August, 1881.
PERAMIUM.
1. Peramium decipiens (ll(M)k.). Rattlesnake i'lantain.
Spinnif/trs decipiens Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 203. 1839.
Goodyera menziesii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 492. 1840.
Peramium menziesii Morong, Mem. Torr. CUub 5: 124. 1894.
Type locality: Lake Huron.
Range: British Columbia to Quebec, soutii to ('alilornia and New York.
Specimens examined: Chiliam County, Elmer 2547; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lijall in 1859-60; Railroad Creek, Elmer 860; Niscjualiy \'alley,
Allen 32; Skagit Pass, Lcike & Hull 78(5; without loealit}-, l'(/.s(;/ in 1889; Davis ranch,
Kreager 209; Lake Kalispel, Kreaqer 340.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
LYSIAS.
1. Lysias orbiculata (Pursli) Rydberg in Britton, Man. 294. 11K)1.
Orchis orbiculata Pursh, FI. 2: 588. 1814.
Ilabenaria orUculata Hook. lOxof . FI. 2: t. 1^5. 1825.
Platardhera menziesii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 286. 1835.
Type locality': "On tlie mountains of Pennsylvania and \'irginia."
Range: Bi-itish Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Washington and North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Mount Baker, Flett 867; Monte Cristo Lake, Misses Coffin c&
Goodspeed, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Green River Hot
Springs, Piper in 1887; without locality, ]"aseij in 1889; KalisjJel Lake, Kreager 342.
Zonal uistkibution : Canadian.
PIPERIA.
Spur short, slightly exceeding the lip 1. P. uindascfiensis.
Spur slender, 2 to 3 times as long as the lip.
Lip linear to lanceolate.
Spike loose; lip 4 to 5 nun. long; spur 8 to 10 mm. long 2. P. lejitopetala.
Spike dense; lip G mm. long: spur 15 to IS nun. k)n 3. P. iinddjiora.
Lip ovate to ovate-lanceolate. -
Spike usually loose; stems 40 to 70 cm. high 4. P. elegans.
Spike very dense; steins stout, 20 to 30 cm. high. 5. P. michaeJi.
1. Piperia unalaschensis (Spreiig.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901,
Spirardhes unalaschensis Spreng. Syst. 3: 708. 1826.
Habenaria schischmareffiana Cham. Linnaea 3: 29. 1828.
Ilabenaria foetida Wats. Bot. King Explor. 341. 1871.
Type locality: "Ins. Aleut."
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 209
Range: Alaska to California, oastward to Alberta and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2552; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; McAllisters Lake,
Henderson, June, 1892; Brooklyn, Savage 19; Twisp River, Whited, July, 189G; Nason
Creek, Sandberg & Leibenj 617; Mount Stuart, Sandherg db Leiberg 568; Mount Rainier,
Allen; Klickitat River, Henderson, August, 1892; Wind River, Flett 1111; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July, 1896 ; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
2. Piperia leptopetala Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 637. 1901.
Type locality: "Mountains east of San Diego," California. Collected by Parry.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Nisqually River, WiJJces Expedition 146; Point Orchard, Piper
1081 in part.
This supposed species may prove to be only a form of P. elegans.
3. Piperia multiflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 638. 1901.
Type locality: Grays Harbor, Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition.
Range: Washington to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Grays Harlior, W ilhes Expedition in 1838-1842; Cascade i\Ioun-
tains, Brandegee 475.
Like the preceding, this may have to be reduced to P. elegaiis. Good suites of specimens
in this group are needed to clear up the species.
4. Piperia elegans (Lindl.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901.
Platanthera elegans Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 285. 1835.
Habenaria elegans Boland. Cat. PI. San Franc. 29. 1870.
Piperia elongata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901.
Type locality: "Hab. in America boreali-occidentali." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 275, 271; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895;
Seattle, Piper, August, 1891; Tacoma, Flett, June 20, 1896; Mount Adams, Henderson 68;
Rock Island, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Haven's ranch, Henderson, August 2, 1892; Simcoe
Mountains, Howell 352; Lake Wenache, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 647a; Blue Mountains, Piper
August 2, 1896: Johns Island, Lairrence 199.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Piperia michaeli (Greene) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Cluli 28: 640. 1901.
Habenaria michaeli Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 306. 1S94.
Type locality: "Open hills, under oaks, etc., from near Livermore southward," Cali-
fornia.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Grays Harbor, ]r//Z:e.y i:',r/*((7('oH 1554 in part; Nisqually River,
Wilkes Expedition 146 in part.
LIMNORCHIS.
Flowers green or sometimes purple-tinged.
Spur clavate, much shorter than the lanceolate lip; spike
long and dense 1 . L. str'icta.
Spur not clavate, about as long as the lanceolate lip: spike
short and dense 2. L. viridijiora.
Flowers white or whitish.
Lip linear; spike loose, few-flowered 3. L. laxijtora.
Lip lanceolate, broadest at base.
29418—06 M 14
210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Spur clavate, usually shorter than the lip 4. L. dUafafa.
Spur not clavate, longer than the lip.
Spike moderately dense; spur acutish 5. L. leucostachys.
Spike very dense ; spur obtuse 5a. L. leiico.'itachys robusta.
1. Limnorchis stricta (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 105. 1900.
Platanthera stricta Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 2SS. 1835.
Habenaria gracilis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 277. 1877.
Type locality: "In America boreali-occidentali." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Alaska to Washington and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2549; Mount Rainier, Smith 874; Piper
2094; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck; Seattle, Piper,
June, 1889; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 76; Mount
Adams, Svlsdorf 41 ; Wind River, Flett 110; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 624 in part; Ellens-
burg, Whited 532; Stampede Pass, Henderson, October, 1892; Simcoe Mountains, Howell
302; Lake Wenache, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 647; ihvaco. Piper 5001; Kreager 189; Green
River Hot Springs, Piper 415.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
2. Limnorchis viridiflora (Cham.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club' 28: GIC). 1901.
Hahenuria horealis viridiflora Cham. Linnaea 3: 28. 1828.
Type locality: "In Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Washington and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, Svksdoif 452.
Perhaps not distinct from L. hyperhorea (L.) Rydb. {Habenaria hyperborea R. Br.), to
wiiich it has been referred.
3. Limnorchis laxiflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 630. 1901.
Type locality: Coast Mountains, Oregon.
Range: Waslungton and Oregon to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Eastern Washington, without locality, Wilkes Expedition.
4. Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rj-dberg in Britton, Man. 294. 1901.
Orchis ddatata Pur.sh, Fl. 2: 588. 1814.
Habenaria dilatata Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: t. 05. 1S25.
Habenaria borealis Cham. Linnaea 3: 28. 1828.
Type locality: Labrador.
Range: Alaska to New England, Colorado, and Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Stevens Pass, Whited
1840; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1213; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2298.
6. Limnorchis leucostachys (Lindl.) R^'dberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 106. 1900.
Platanthtra Itucostachy.s Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 288. 1835.
Habenaiia leucostachys Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 134. 1880.
Type LfCALiTY: "In ora occidentali Americae septentrionalis." Collcclcd by Douglas.
Range: Alaska to California and Utah.
Specimpns examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2551; Blue Mumitains, Luke <& Hidl,
July, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 188; Salmon River, Blue Mountains, Horntr 462.
Zonal pistribution: Transition.
5a. Limnorchis leucostachys robusta Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 626. 1901.
Type locality: "Washington." Collected by G. R. Vasey in 1889.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 291, July, 1897; Olympia, Heller 4046; Kincaid,
July, 1896; Nisqually Valley, Allen 75; Skagit Pass, Lake <£■ Hull 624 in part; Wenache
region. Tweedy, July, 1883; Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 576; Ellensburg, Whited
532, 698; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf \Zm; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 195; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASniNGTON . 211
IBIDIUM.
I'ip niiu'h dilated at the apex, the basal swellings small ] . /. romanzoffianuin.
Lip little dilated at the apex, the basal swellings large 2. 7. poirifolium.
1. Ibidium romanzofiianum (Cham.) House, Muhlenbeigia 1: 129. 1906.
Spiinnthes rotnamojfiana Cham. Linnaea 3: 32. 1828.
Gyrostachys romanzoffiana MacM. Met. Minn. 171. 1892.
Gyrosiachys siricfa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 107. 1900.
Type locality: "Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to California, Colorado, and New York.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 272; Cascade Mountains 49°, Lyall in
1859: Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Haven's ranch, Henderson, August, 1892;
Tacoma, Flett 125; Fort Vancouver, Tolinie; Stevens Pass, Whited 1439; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Horner 471; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 337; without locality.
Cooper; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1888.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species was referred to Spiranthes cemiio in Hooker's Flora and in Cooper's Report.
Subalpinc forms of it from sphagnums bogs are much smaller and with short s^jikes.
2. Ibidium porrifolium (Lindl.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 32: C.IO. 1905.
Spiranthes porrifol.ia Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orcli. 407. 1840.
Gyrostachys poirifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: G64. 1891.
Type locality: "In Louisiana."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, ^'f/A.sy/w/, September 3, 1881.
EPIPACTIS.
1. Epipactis gigantea Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Aul 2: 202. /. .m?. 1839.
Type LocALrr^ : "N. W. America. On the sulialpine legions of the Blue and Rocky
Mountains. Douglas. Columbia River, about Fort Vancouver. Dr. Scolder."
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2550; Rock Island, Sandberg d- Leiherg
453; near Priest Rapids, Brandegee 1091; Spokane County, Svksdotf 240; Seattle, Tar-
leton; Lake Crescent, Lawrence 301.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
SALICACEAE. Willow Family.
Stamens 1 to 5 in ours; bracts entire Salix (p. 211)
Stamens numerous; bracts fimbriate Populus (p. 217).
SALIX. Willow.
Trees with furrowed bark; stamens 5 or more, aments on short leafy
branchlets.
Petioles slender, giandless; leaves broadly lanceolate ^ . \. S. amygdaloides.
Petioles short, bearing glands; leaves narrowly lanceolate.
Leaves pale beneath, attenuate from the middle. 2. S. lasiandra.
Leaves green beneath, long, attenuate nearly from tiie base . 2a. 5. caudata.
Shrubs, rarely trees, with smooth or at lea.st not furrowed hark; sta-
mens 2 or 1.
Stamen 1; aments appearing before the leaves: leaves \ery silky
beneath, entire 21. »S'. sitchensis.
Stamens 2.
Scales of the aments pale; leaves narrow, appearing before
the aments.
212 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stigmas long and slender.
Leaves canescent, becoming glabrate 3. iS. scssilifolia.
Leaves silvery-velvety on both sides 7. S. macrostachya.
Stigmas short and thick.
Capsules pubescent 5. S. argophylla.
Capsules glabrous.
Leaves canescent, at least when young, entire
" or denticulate 6. S. exigua.
Leaves green, glabrous, pale beneath, usually
prominently serrate _ 4. S. melanopsis.
Scales of the aments dark (pale in S. hehhiana); leaves ap-
pearing with or after the aments.
Capsules glabrous.
Low shrub; leaves entire S. S. nn/rfilloides.
Taller shrubs; leaves serrulate.
Leaves not shiny above nor glaucous beneath,
subcordate 9. S. cordata.
Leaves glaucous beneatli, shining green above,
not subcordate 10. 5. piperi.
Capsules pubescent.
Tall slirubs or trees, not alpine.
Aments sessile, appearing with or before the
leaves.
Scales black.
Style none.
Capsule pubescent 11. S. scoulenana.
Capsule tomentose \2. S. hookeriana.
Style elongate 13. 5. hella.
Scales pink or pale 14.5. hehbiana.
Aments peduncled, appearing with the narrow
leaves. 15. S. geyeriana.
Low alpine shrubs.
Stems erect, 1 to 2 meters high.
Leaves glabrous above, glaucous beneath. 16. S. bardayi.
Leaves pubescent on both sides 17. S. commutata.
Stems prostrate.
Leaves acute at each end 18. 5. ienera.
Leaves obtuse, reticulate-veiny.
Leaves 1 to 3cm. long, aments many-
flowered 19. S. saximontana.
Leaves .5 to 1 cm. long, aments 3 to
12-flowered 20. S. nivalis.
1. Salix amygdaloides Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 53. 1858.
Type loc.xlity; " Fort Pierre, Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to Quebec, southward to New York, Texas, and Oregon.
Specimens e.xamined: West Klickitat County, ^w/rsdor/", June 20 and 22, 1883: Yakima
County, Tweedy in 1882; Wawawai, Ptper 1932, 3591; Almota, Piper 1776.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Salix lasiandra Benth. PI. Hartw. 335. 1857.
Salix lasiandra iyallii Sarg. Gard. & Forest 8: 463. 1895.
Salix iyallii Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 580. 1898.
Type locality: "Ad flumen Sacramento," California.
Range: British Columbia to California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 213
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3856; Clallam County, Elmer 2429; west
Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf, May 20, 1886; Cowlitz, Engelman cfc Sargent, August 16, 1880;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 109; Lake Chelan, Lake d- Hull, August 12, 1892; Stehekin,
Griffiths d; Cotton 191.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Hooker (Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 148) erroneously referred our plant to .S. lucida Muhl.
2a. Salix lasiandra caudata (Nutt.) Sudw. Bull. Torr. Cluh 20: 43. 1893.
Salix pentandra caudata Nutt. Syh-a 1: 61. 1842.
Salix fendleriana Anders. Ofv. Vet. Akad. Foerli. 15: 11.5. 1858.
Salix lasiandra fendleriana Bebb in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 84. 1880.
Type locality: "By streams in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains toward their
western slope, in Oregon, and also in the Blue Mountains of the same territory."
Range: British Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 332; Wenache, Whited 1044; Cottonwood
Creek, Vasey in 1901 ; Thorn Creek, Vasey in 1901 ; Mabton, Cotton 369; Cascade Mountains,
Watson 368; Rock Lake, Sandberg d; Leiberg 111; Ritzville, Sandherg & Leiberg 197;
Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 197; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 17, 1896; Waitsburg,
Horner 449, 450; Pullman, Elmer 835; Piper 1775; Hull 768; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Cow Creek, Griffiths cfc Cotton 539; North Yakima, Griffiths d- Cotton 60.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
3. Salix sessilifolia Nutt. Sylva 1: ()S. 1S42.
Type locality : "On the rocky borders of the Oregon at the confluence of the Wahlamet."
This species is included in Suksdorf's list, but we have seen no Washington specimens.
As it is abundant at the mouth of the Willamette, however, it will certainly be found on the
north bank of the Columbia.
4. Salix melanopsis Nutt. Sylva 1: 78. 1842.
Type locality: "At Fort Hall * * * ,„i tl^P alluvial lands of Lewis River,"
Idaho. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Snoqualmie Falls, Piper d. Smith 614; Yelm Prairie, Piper,
August 5, 1889; Trout Lake, Sulcsdorf 3Q, 38, 37: Klickitat River, Sul-sdorf 3F>: North
Yakima, Elmer 1081; Conconully Creek, Griffiths d' Cotton 315; Pcshastin, /^om/^'c/Y/ d'
Leiberg 480; Spokane, Piper 3522; Wawawai, Piper 2915, 3597, 3593.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
5. Salix argophylla Nutt. Sylva 1: 71. 1842.
Type locality: "On the Boise River, toward its junction with the Shoshonee," Idaho.
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulcsdor-fSA, 6; North Yakima, Hender-
son, May 26, 1892; Conconully, Griffiths d Cotton 276; Cow Creek, Griffiths d; Cotton 528;
Sprague, Sandberg d: Leiberg 134; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Salix exigua Nutt. Sylva 1:75. 1842.
Type locality: "A native of the territory of Oregon." According to Nuttall this species
grows with S . Jtuviatilis Nutt. on " the immediate border of the Oregon below its conflu-
ence with the Wahlamet."
Range: Washington, Oregon, Idaho.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 333: Crab Creek, Lake d Hull 767; Thorn
Creek, Vasey in 1901; Pullman, Piper 3585; Almota, Piper 3.586: Wawawai, Piper 3596,
1774, 3594.
214 CONTRIBUTIONS FKOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
This diders from S. argophylla only in its glabrous capsules, and intermediate examples
are abundant.
7. Salix macrostachya Nutt. Sylva 1 : 72. 1845.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and probably Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wawawai, Piper 2916, 3592, 3595.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
A very rare species. All the above specimens are staminate, no pistillate bushes having
been seen.
8. Salix myrtilloides L. Sp. PI. 2: 1019. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Suecia septentrionali."
Range: Arctic regions southward to Washington and Connecticut. Europe.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 672; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892;
Flett l3iS; Hemlerson in 18S3; McAllisters Lake, fie/iJerson, June 22, 1S92: White Salmon,
SuJcsdorfm 1879.
Zonal- distribution : Canadian ?
This species occurs only in sphagnum bogs.
9. SaUx cordata Muhl. Neue Schr. Ges. Naturf. I5i>rlin 4: 236. 1803.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsyl-
vania.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 559; North Yakima, Henderson, May 26, 1892;
Wenache, Whited 1014, 1020; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey in 1901; Thorn Creek, Vasey in
1901 ; North Palou.se River, Vasey in 1901; Spokane Valley, Watson 373; Hangman Creek,
Sarulberg & Leiherg 29, 6, 11; without locality, Brandegee 1080; Almota, Piper, May 29,
1894; Pullman, Piper 3588; Elmer 111; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 14; Wenache Moun-
tains, Griffiths d; Cotton 109; Conconully, Griffiths cfe Cotton 318; Riverside, Griffiths &
Cotton 369.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
10. Salix piperi Bebb, Card. & For. 8: 4S2. 1895.
Type locality: Seattle, Washington.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lam& 1004; Seattle, Pi/^er in 1888; Olympia, //f/u/er-
son, August 23, 1892; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888; Spokane, Piper, September 3, 1896;
Pullman, Piper 1777, 3587, 3598; Columbia River, SuTcsdorf in 1886.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
All the Washington specimens that have been referred to S. lasiolepis higelovii (Torr.)
Bebb seem to belong rather to S. piperi, which is perhaps only of suJjspecific rank.
11. Salix scouleriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. .\in. 2: 145. 1838.
Sedix flavescenx Xutt. Sylva 1: 65. 1842.
Salix nuttallii Sargent, Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895.
Salix capreoides Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 18.58.
Type locality: "North West America, on the Columbia. Dr. Scolder. Fort Vancouver.
Tolmie.''
Range: Vancouver Island to Assiniboia, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 1267; Thorn Creek, Vasey in 1901; Cotton-
wood Creek, Vasey in 1901; Wenache, Whited l; Larm River, Suksdorf 24, 25; White
Salmon, Suhsdorf'm 1879; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Seattle, Engelmann cf' Sarejent, July 18,
1880; Piper in 1890; without locality, Brandegee 1084; Spokane Valley, Fo^soti 367, 372;
Spau^h, Piper 3012; Wilson Creek, Lal-e d' //wZ/, September 1, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 215
<& Hull, August 24, 1892; Almota, Piper 1931; Pullman, P^/^e/- 2923; Elmer 84; Waitsburg,
Horner 448;
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
An exceedingly variable species as to foliage and habit, l)ut in floral characters apparently
not capable of being divided. In rich soils it often becomes a tree 10 to 20 meters high
and 15 to 40 cm. in diameter. The young leaves and bark have a peculiar fetid odor.
Owing to the fact that Tolmie's specimens were a mixture of this species and of S. sitchensis
Sanson, some botanists have discarded the name scouleriana. It is, however, not probable
that the real types, namely, Scouler's specimens, were similarly a mixture, hence the action
is not justifiable. Barratt's original types seem to be lost.
12. SaHx hookeriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 145. 1838.
Type locality: "Near the Grand Rapids of the Sashatchewan, rare. Douglas. Noi-th-
west Coast of America. Scouler." The formei- locality is doubtless erroneous.
Range: Near the seashore, Vancouver Island to southwestern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Grays Harbor City, Lamb 1035; Cohasset Beach, Lamb 112G;
Long Beach, Henderson, September 6, 1891; vSeattle, Piper 887.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
13. Salix bella Piper, Bull. Torr. Club. 27: 399. 1900.
Type locality: Garrison, Whitman County, \Vashiugton.
Range: Washington and Idaho.
■ Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1342; Spokane, Piper 3517; Garrison,
Henderson, October 14, 1895, August 18, 1895, May 5, 1896, April 4, 1890; Piper 2922,
3590; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 11, August, 1886.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
14. Salix bebbiana Sargent, Gard. & For. 8: 4(53. 1895.
Salix rostrata Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 753. 1823, not Tluiill. 1799.
Type locality: British America, latitude 54° to 64°.
Range: British Columbia to Ontario southward to Penn.sylvania and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Lower Fraser Valley, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 21, 43, 44; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey in 1901 ; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 325; Coulee City, Lake c& Hull, August 6, 1892; Spokane,
Watson 370; Spokane Vallc}', Lyall in 1860; Hangman Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 12; Pull-
man, Piper 1772, 3589; Elmer 72; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains,
Griffiths (& Cotton 105; Conconully, Griffitlis & Cotton 309; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths tfc
Cotton 428.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper St>noran.
15. Salix geyeriana Anders. Pror. Am. Acad. 4: 63. 1858.
Salix macroearpa Nutt. Sylva 1: (57. 1842, not Trautv. 1832.
Type locality: "Hab. Missouri v. Oregon." Collected by Gey er.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 673; Olympia, Henderson in 1892; upper Nis-
qually, Allen 107; Olympia, Henderson in 1892; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888; Ataiuuu
River, Flett 1345, 1352; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf: Columbia banks, Nuttall.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
16. Salix barclayi Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 66. 1858.
Salix conjuneta Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 111. 1888. '
Type locality: Kodiak, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2427; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2163, 700; Smith 701; Mount Adams, HemJerson, August 4, 1892; Siiksdo/f;
Stevens Pa.ss, Sandherg <& Leiberg 721; Skamania County, Suksdorf 22; Bridge Creek,
Elmer in 1897; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1530.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
216 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
17. Salix commutata Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 110. 1888.
Type locality: Alpine liogs, Eagle Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier,
Smith, August, 1890; Cascade Mountains, 1,940 meters altitude, Tweedu; Stevens Pass,
Samlberg d' Leiherg, 757.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hud.sonian.
17a. Salix commutata mixta nom. nov.
Salix commutata sericea Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 111. 1888, not S. sericea Muhl.
Type locality: "North side of Mt. Hood," Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1890; Fhtt 112; Horseshoe
Basin, Lahe <£• Hull 765.
17b. Salix commutata denudata Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 111. 1888.
Type locality: Eagle Creek meadows, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy in 1882.
Salix commutata differs in but slight and seemingly inconstant characters from S. harclayi.
Additional material and field study is needed to clear up their relationships.
18. Salix tenera Anders.; DC. Prod. 16-: 288. 1864.
Type locality: "Ad Cascade Mountain, Lat. 49°, alt. 7,000 ped." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Cascade Mountains, Washington and British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; mountains north
of Ellensl)urg, Bramleyee 1083; Mount Rainier, Flett 21 IS.
Zonal dlstribution: Arctic.
19. Salix saximontana Rydberg, Bull. .\. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 261. 1899.
Type locality: Grays Peak, Colorado.
Range: Washington and Montana to Colorado and Calil'ornia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 2119.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Probably not specifically distinct from S. nivalis.
20. Salix nivalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 152. 1839.
Type locality: "Near the summits of the peaks in the Rocky Mountains."
Range: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 2278.
Zonal dlstribution: Arctic.
21. Salix sitchensis Sanson in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 162. 1832.
Salix cuneata Nutt. Sylva. 1: (56. 1842.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to midtlle California, eastward to the Blue Mountains.
Specimens examined; Clallam County, Mrne/' 2428; Seattle, Pi/jer 557; ?. griseaf We have not seen the specimen, but suspect it to he a form of S.
hebhiana.
Salix longifolia Muhl. does not occur in oiu- limits, all such references pertaining to
closely related species.
POPULUS.
Bark smooth; petioles flattened; capsules oblong-conic, smooth I. P. tremiihides.
Bark rough; petioles terete ; capsule globose, hairy 2. P. trichorarpa.
1. Populus tremuloides Michx. Fl. 2: 243. 1803. Aspen.
Type locality: "Hab. in Canada et Noveboraco."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Pennsylvania, Missouri, New Mexico, and
California.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandberg d; Leiherg 391; Darling Mountains,
Flett 1350; Pullman, Piper; Wenas, Grijfiihs rf- Cofton 104.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Two apparently distinct aspens occur in eastern Washington and we suspect that neither
is good P. tremuloides. The herbarium material is, however, very imperfect and the settle-
ment of the problem must await more field study and better collections.
2. Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray; Hook. Icon. 9: t. 87S. 1852. Cottonwood.
Populus halsamifera y Hook. Fl. Bor. ^Am. 2: 154. 1839.
Type locality: Santa Clara River near Buenaventura, California. Collected by Parry.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 394; Atanum River, Flelt
1343; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1343; Spokane, Piper, July 26, 1896; Colfax, Piper,
August 2, 1896; Almota, Piper 1791; Wenas, Griffiths ct Cotton 69.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
In Cooper's report this tree was referred to Popiiht-'-: angustifoUa James, a species that is
not known in Washington.
Populus balsamifera Ait. has several times been ascribed to Washington, but there
are no specimens to substantiate the ascription, all thus referred so far as seen being
P. trichocarpa.
MYRICACEAE. Sweet Gale Family.
MYRICA.
Leaves evergreen, 5 to 10 cm. long; tree 3 to 6 meters high 2. M. californica.
Leaves deciduous, 2 to 5 cm. long; shrub about 1 meter high ] . M. gale.
1. Myrica gale L. Sp. PI. 2: 1024. 1753. Sweet gale.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to Washington, Michigan, and New York.
Asia. Europe.
Specimens examined: Weiser hake, Sulsdorf 1003; Ilwaco, Henderson 2164; Seattle,
Piper in 1887.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
2. Myrica californica Cham. Linnaea 6: 535. 1831.
Type locality: "Ad portum sancti Francisci Californiae."
Range: Seacoasts, Washington to California.
a Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1858. b Kew Gard. Misc. 7: 372. 1855.
218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Cohasset, Lamb 1122; Ilwaco, Henderson, Septcmher 9, 1892;
Westport, Heller 394; Henderson, June 26, 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4952.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
BETTJLACEAE. Birch Family.
Fruit a nut inclosed in a leafy involucre - l - . Cortlus.
Fruit cone-like, without involucre.
Cone scales deciduous Betula.
Cone scales persistent - - - - Alnus.
CORYLTJS.
1. Corylus calif ornica (A. DC.) Rose, Gard. & For. 8: 263. 1895. Hazel.
Corylus rostrata calif ornica A. DC. Prod. 17-': 133. 1864.
Corylus americana Walt. err. det. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12-': 68. 1860.
Type locality: Santa Cruz, California.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3971 ; Seattle, Piper 189; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 1214; Sumas, Lyall; Fort Colville, Watson; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Box
Canyon, Kreager 410; Kettle Falls, Beattie <£; Chapman 2191.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
BETULA. Birch.
Branchlets glandular-warty.
Shrub about 1 meter high; leaves glabrous I.E. ylandulosa.
Shrub or tree 3 to 6 meters high; leaves sparsely pubescent 3. B. micropJnjlla.
Branclilets not glandular-warty; tree with gray bark 2. B. occidentalis.
1. Betula glandulosa Michx. Fl. 2: 180. 1803.
Type locality: "Circa lacus, a sinu Hudsonis ad Mistassins."
Range: Oregon and Colorado to New England and northward.
Specimens examined: Ca.scade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Seattle, Piper,
May 25, 1891; Tacoma, F/e// 29 ; Steilacoom, Pi/^er 183; McAllisters Lake, //eri(Z«".son, June
22, 1892; Klickitat County, Sulsdorf: Falcon Valley, Suksdoif: Klickitat River, Fleit 1344.
Zonal distribution: Canadian? Always found in spliagiuun bogs.
2. Betula occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 155. 1839.
Betula piperi Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 31 : 165. 1904.
Type locality: "Straits of De Fuca." Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Gulf of Georgia, Henderson in 1888; Everson, Piper, September,
1892; Sumas Vrmne, Lyall in 1858-59; Cascade Movuitains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859;
Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 5, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; ten miles
southwest Pullman, Piper 3807.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This is the Betula lutea Michx. % of Suksdorf 's List.
A variable tree as it occurs in Washington and perhaps only a subspecies of the eastern
B. papyrifera. Typical occidentalis occurs in northwestein Washington, where it is a rather
dark-gray barked tree, occasionally 3 feet in diameter. The ver}' similar tree in Stevens
County and in the Blue Mountains is somewhat smaller in size and often white-barked. The
name Betula piperi was meant by its author to apply to the third unnamed species in the
Flora of the Palouse Region, but the specimen actually cited is the eastern Washington form
of B. occidentalis Hook.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 219
3. Betula microphylla Bunge, Mem. Acad. St. Petersh. VI. 2 : 60(1 1X3.5.
Beiida fontinalis Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 31 :239. 1901.
Type locality: "Hab. ad Tschujae ripam in deserto ouraioo," Siberia.
Range: British Columbia to Alberta, south to California and New Mexico. Siberia.
Speclviens examined: Wonache, Whited lOOS; Coulee City, Lake <& Hull 7 90-, Spokane,
Sandherg cfc Leiheig in 1S93; Hangman Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 76; Pullman, Elmer 882;
Touchet River, Waitsburg, Piper, July 19, 1896; Almota, Piper 1642, April 20, 1895;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; ten miles southwest of Pullman, Piper 3808, 3806; Con-
conull}', Griffiths & Cotton 317; Wenache, Griffiths & Cotton 149; (Vjlville Reservation,
Griffiths (& Cotton 380.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The Almota specimens form the basis for the third unnamed .species in the Flora of the
Palouse Region. This is a tall graceful tree with drooping branches, appearing very dif-
ferent from the ordinary form of B. microphylla, and probably distinct from it.
ALNUS. Ai,dek.
Leaves simply denticulate, not at all lolled 1 . ,4. rhomhifolia.
Leaves doubly dentate and more or less lobed.
Pedimcles .slender, longer than the cones; shnil) witli shining l(>aves. 2. .4. sinnata.
Peduncles shorter than the cones; leaves dull.
Winter buds acute; leavesrusty pubescent on the veins beneatli. 3. A. oregona.
Winter buds ol>tuse; leaves pubescent but not rusty 4. ^. tenuifolia.
1. Alnus rhonibifolia Xutt. Sylva 1: 33. 1X42.
Type locality: ilonterey, California.
Range: British Columl)ia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Bingen, j§(/A'.S(/o;/224; Satus Creek, S/'ancZej/ff 1078; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, August 2, 1X96; Almota, Piper 163.5, May 2, 1897; September 9, 1896; Wa-
wawai. Piper ; Elmer 896.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonorun.
2. Alnus sinuata (Regel) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 190. 1897.
Alnus viridis sinuata Regel in DC. Prod. 26-': 183. 18()X.
Type locality: Kamchatka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado. Sil)eria.
Specimens examined; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Seattle, Piper,
July 4, 1897; Baldy Peak, Lamh 1341 ; OlTOipia, Henderson; Steilacoom, Cooper; Silverton,
BoucTc 168; Nisqually Valley, Allen 309; Klickitat River, Flett 1347; Chambers Lake,
Henderson, June 20, April 10, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 609; Bridge Creek,
Elmer 711; Blue Mountains, P/yw 241.5: without locality, Pr/.w;/ in 18X9; Steli(>kin, 6'/(//(7/*.v
c& Cotton 218.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian to Transition.
A species of wide altitudinal range, most abundant along sui)alpine streams, l)ut occa-
sionally occuring at sea level. It is usually a .shrul), but sometimes truly arl)orescent. It
has been confused with the eastern .4. viridis DC.
3. Alnus oregona Nutt. vSylva 1; 28. 1842. Red alder.
Alnus rubra Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersl). VI. 2: 162. 18:^7, not Bdula-idnus rubra
Marsh. 178-5.
Type locality: "In our progress to the west we first ob.served this tree on the borders
of the Rivers Boisee and Brulee, which pass into the Shoshonee not far from Walla WaUa,
and at intervals it continues more or less common to Point Chinook, near the shores of the
Pacific." Nuttall has here confused two species, as A. oregona occurrs only west of the
Cascade Mountams.
Range: Alaska to middle California in the coast region.
220 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2759; Hoquiam, Lamh 1022; Olynipia,
Henderson, August 23, 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 211; west Klickitat County,
Svlcsdoif 2184.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
For illustration see Plate VIII, facing page 41.
4. Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. Sylva 1: 32. 1842.
Alnu.s hicana rirescens Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 81. 1880.
Alnus occidenUilis Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 2: 158. 1892.
Type locality: "On the borders of small streams within the range of the Rocky Moun-
tains, and afterwards in the vallies of the Blue Mountains of Oregon."
Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Peshastin Creek, Watson 363, October 16, 1880; Peshastin, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 543; Falcon Valley, Suhsdorf 2193, 2183; Ellensburg, Whited 256; Elmer
413, July, 1897; Wenache, Whited 52, 1002; Atanum River, FlettA35l; Pleasant Valley,
La]ce<&'Hvll,Augvisf2, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896, September 3, 1896; Blue
Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896: Pullman, Piper, August, 1896, January, 1896; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 226.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
FAGACEAE. Beech Family.
Involucre 1-flowered, becoming a scaly cup. '. - - Quercus.
Involucre 1 to 3-flowered, becoming a prickly l)ur Castanopsis.
QUERCUS. Oak.
1. Quercus garryana Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 159. 1839.
Quercus jacobi R. Br. Campst. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 7: 255. 1871.
Quercus gilberti Greene, West Coast Oaks 77. pi. 37. 1889.
Type locality: "Plentiful on plains near Ft. Vancouver, on the ^Multnomah, and at
Puget Sound."
Range: Vancouver Island to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Swauk, Watson 365; White Salmon, SuTcsdorf 308; Tampico,
Flett; near Mount Adams, 6'o«OH 1495: Seattle, Pi/??/',- Steilacoom, P;/)e/'; Fairhaven. Piper
in 1892: Bingen, Piper 6453, 6454.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Professor Greene considers the Washington-British Columbia form as a dift'erent species
from that of California, but if this is so, it is the California plant that should have its name
altered, as all the above names belong to the northern plant. Quercus gilberti is the low,
often prostrate, oak occurring about the Gulf of Georgia and locally known as vine oak. It
is remarkably variable in foliage, but no fruiting specimens have been found. In sheltered
places it assumes the ordinary form of Q. garryana.
For an illustration of this species see Plate IX, facing page 42.
CASTANOPSIS.
1. Castanopsis clirysophylla (Dougl.) A. DC. in Seem. Journ. Bot. 1: 182. 1863.
Castanea chrysophylla Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 159. 1839.
Type locality: "On the Grand Rapids of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to middle California.
Specimens examined: Mofl'att's Springs, Skamania County, Gorman, May 15, UX)4, the
only known station north of the Columbia River.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 221
TJLMACEAE. Elm Family.
CELTIS.
1. Celtis douglasii Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 293. 1848. Hackberry.
Type locality: "In aiidis scopulosis regionera interiorum, secus flumen Columbia."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Speclmens examined: West Klickitat County, S'ui'st^o// 39; Snake River region, 2?ra7i-
de(jee 1073; Almota, Pifer, May 2, 1897; Wawawai, Elmer 1016; Piper 1511 and October,
1893.
Zonal distribution : Upper Souoran.
Our tree has been referred to both C. occidentalis L. and C . reticulata Torr. It is perhaps
only a geographical race of the former. Ordinarily it is a very scraggly tree, with very
scabrous leaves, commonly distorted by insect work. In irrigated land, however, it is a
graceful and attractive tree, the leaves bet>oming thinner, darker green, and much less
rough.
The Wilkes Expedition specimens are said to have been collected at Port Discovery,
but this is probably an error.
URTICACEAE. Nettle Family.
Leaves opposite, possessing stinging hairs Urtica.
Leaves alternate; no stinging hairs Parietaria.
URTICA. Nettle.
Leaves soft-pubescent on both sides 1. TJ . holosericea.
Leaves glabrous above, sparsely pubescent beneath 2. U . lyallii.
1. Urtica holosericea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 183. 1847.
Type locality: "Near Monterey, Upper California."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Yakima County, Henderson 2498; west Klickitat County, Suks-
dorj 1381; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Almota, Piper, September 9, 1896;
Union Flat, Piper 3045; Wawawai, Piper 1509.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Urtica lyallii. S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 34.S. 1875.
Type locality: "In the Cascade Mts. in lat. 49°." Collected by Dr. Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Speclmens examined: Montesano, Heller 3920; Clallam t\junty, Elmer 2760; Seattle,
Piper 2316; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Ellensburg, Brandegee 1075; Klickitat
County, Siilsdorf 58; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 709; Wilson Creek, Lake d- Hull 654; Spo-
kane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Blue Mountains, Lake 654; Piper, July 17, 1896; Union Flat,
Piper 3046; Pullman, Piper 3046, 1510; Clarks Springs, Kreager 42.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
Washington specimens referred to U . gracilis Ait. belong here, as does tlie specimen
listed by Suksdorf as " U . breweri{'l) ." Specimens from the immediate seacoast tend to
have thicker, more deeply cordate leaves, but this character is apparently due to mari-
time influences and is not sufficient to distinguish the plant.
PARIETARIA.
1. Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4^: 955. 1805.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
Range: British Columbia to Canada, southward to Florida and Mexico.
_:_:::: contributions from the national herbarium.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suhsdorf 487; without \o{^al\t\, Brandegee 1076;
Almota, Lake c& Hull 707; Piper 1.507; Wawawai, Elmer 755.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
LORANTHACEAE. Mistletoe Family.
RAZOUMOFSKYA.
Staminate flowers paniculate, nearly all terminal on distinct
peduncle-like joints 1. R. arnericana.
Staminate flowers forming simple or compound spikes.
Stems stout, 5 to 12 cm. high 2. U. campylojmhi.
Stems short, 1 to 4 cm. high 3. R. douglanil.
On Tsuga heterophylla 3a. R. douglas'd tm/geiisis.
On Larix occidentalis 31). R. douglasii laricix.
On Abies graiidis 3c. R. douglasii abietina.
1. Razoumofskya arnericana (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: .587. 1891.
Arceuthobium americanum Nutt.; Engelm. Bost Jouru. Xat. Hist. 6: 214. 18.50.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected hy Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.
Speclmens examined: Big Klickitat River, i?7trf(?rson 2.539, 2.538; Falcon Valley, SuA-s-
dorf 211; near Ellensburg, Brandegee 1069; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
Common on Piniis contorta, but apparently only east of the Cascade Mountains.
2. Razoumofskya campylopoda (Engelm.).
Arceuthobium campijlopodum Engelm. Bost. Jourii. Xat. Hist. 6: 214. 18.50.
Arceuthobium occidentale Engelm. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 107. 1880.
Type locality: "Oregon, on Pinus ponderom.'' Collected by Geyer. The specimens
are from north Idaho or northeast Washington, as Geyer did not collect in Oregon projjer.
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1.3f)4, 672; Peshastin, Siind-
berg cfc Leiberg .593; Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1895; Samlberg, McDougal, cfc Heller 925;
Spokane Valley, IFateori; Railroad Creek, £77ne/-, September, 1897; Medical Lake, £7mer
1246.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Common on Pinus ponderosa, often forming large clusters. The staminate plants are
yellow, the pistillate olivaceous. It is locally more or less well known as "snappers,"
owing to the explosive fruits.
3. Razoumofskya douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Geii. PI. 2: .587. 1891.
Arceuthobium douglasii Engelm. in Rothr. Bot. Whe(4er Surv. 2.53. 1878.
The typical form of this species occurs on Pseudolmga mucronata. This occurs from
Idaho to Arizona and New Mexico. Doubtless it will be found in Washington also. The
forms on Tsuga, Larix, and Abies are apparently distinct, at least in their host relations,
but satisfactory morphological characters to separate them have not been detected. They
may conveniently be considered as subspecies.
3a. Razoumofskya douglasii tsugensis (Rosendahl).
Razoumofskya tsugensis Rosendahl, Minn. Bot. Stud. III. 2: 272. 1903.
Type locality: "West coast of Vancouver island.''
Range: British Columbia and Washington.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Bin ns; Seattle, Pipe/- 663; Nisqually XaUey, Allen
303.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Locally abundant on Tsuga heterophylla, causing large "witches-brooms."
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 223
3b. Razoumofskya douglasii laricis subsp. nov.
Rancie: Washington and Idalio on Larix occidentalis.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson 253(5; near Ell('nsl)urg, Brandf^ee
1071.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
3c. Razoumofskya douglasii abietina (Engelni.)-
An-riithohhun doiif/Jdsii (ihi( f'niuin Engehn. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 106. 1880.
Type locality: Sierra Valley, California.
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdoif 2246, on Abies (irandis.
SANTALACEAE. Sandalwood Family.
COMANDRA.
Flowers many, corymhosely-clustered ; leaves pallid.
Leaves oblong; fruit globular . . . ". 1. 6". vmbeUata.
Leaves linear-lanceolate ; fruit ovoid _ 2. C. pallida.
Flowers few on axillary peduncles; leaves green 3. 6'. livida.
1. Coraandra unibellata (L.) Xutt. Cren. 1: 1.57. 1S18.
Thesium uinbellatum L. Sp. PI. 1: 208. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginiae, Pensylvaniae pascuis siccis. ''
Range: British Columbia to Labrador southward to California and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 103; White Salmon, Suksdorf -194, 614;
Fort Vancouver, Tolmie.
ZoN.\L distribution: Transition.
2. Comandra pallida A. DC. Prod. 14: 630. 18.57.
Type locality: " Prope Clearwater, " Idaho. Collected liy S])alding.
Range: British Columbia to Manitoba, Texas, and California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Fleit 1032; Henderson, May
26, 1892; Wenache, Whiied 1073; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Whited33^; Morgans
Ferry, Suhsdoif 615; Choney, Tucker in 1890; Columbia Valley, Lrj(dl in 1861; Pasco, Hind-
shaw 26; Piper 2990: Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberej & Leiberg 326; Sprague, Sand-
berg tt' Leiberg 154; Kamiak Butte, Sandberg, McDougal, cfc Heller 499; Piper, July 20,
1899; .Uniota, Piper 1650; Wawawai, Piper, May 19, 1S94; Hull, June 4, 1892; Ehner
772; Kettle Falls, Beattie & Chapman 2206.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
The nuts of this plant are sweet and edible. Where abundant, they form a favorite
food for hogs.
3. Comandra livida Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 734. 1823.
Type locality': "In shady mossy woods. Not seen to the northward of Great Slave
Lake."
Range: Washington to Vermont and northward.
Specimen-s examined: Box Canyon, Kreager 386.
ZoN.\L distribution: Canadian.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort Family.
ASARTJM.
1. Asarum caudatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17: under pi. 1399. 1831. Wild ginger.
Asannn hookeri Fielding, Sert. Plant. /)/. 32. 1844.
Asarum canadense (3 Ilook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 139. 1838.
224 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
TiTE locality: "In pinetis prope arcem Vancouver" — that is, Fort Vancouver, Wash-
ington. Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2S34; Silverton, Bouck 154; Tacoma,
Flett 58; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 60; Skohomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Fal-
con Valley, Suksdorf 493; mouth of the Pend Oreille, Lyall in 1860; Nason Creek, Sand-
berg g/- 627.
9. Rumex persicarioides L. Sp. PI. 1: 335. 1753.
Type locality: "In \'irginia. "
Range: Briti.sh Columbia to New Brunswick, soutliward to California, New Mexico, and
Virginia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, £77ner 2684; Whidby Island, Gardner 256; Seat-
tle, Piper 714; Silver Lake, Henderson 2423; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Ophir,
Elmer in 1897; Alma, Elmer, 1897; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 652; Alkali Lake, Sandberg cfc
Leiberg 411; Southbend, Spillman, Aug. 17, 1899; without locality, Cooper; Mission,
Kreager 484; Meyers Falls, Kreage.r 500.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
10. Rumex obtusifolius L. Sp. PI. 1: 335. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Germania, Helvetia, Gallia, Anglia."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1888.
A common and troublesome weed in western Washington.
Rumex acetosa L. is included in Suksdorf's list, Init we have been unable to secure any
evidence that it occurs in the State.
POLYGONUM.
Stems twining; leaves cordate.
Outer calyx segments winged in fruit : akenes shining. ..... 1. P. duinetorum
Outer calyx segments not winged; akenes dull 2. P. convolvulus.
Stems not twining; leaves not cordate.
Leaves small, usually narrow; stems wiry.
Blades of tiie leaves jointed on the pedicels.
Perennial with woody rootstocks; seashore plant.. 3. P. paronychia.
Annuals; roots fibrous.
Plants prostrate.
Akenes not longer than the calyx A. P. aviculare.
Akenes protruding from the cah'.x 5. P fovderi.
Plants erect or ascending.
Flowers in rather dense terminal bracteate
spikes.
Bracts oblong, white-margined 6. P. pohjgaloides.
Bracts lanceolate, green.
Styles nearly obsolete; akenes
brown, smooth 7. P. kelloggii.
Styles evident; akenes lilack,
striate 8. P. confertijlorum.
Flowers axillary, or in loose or interrupted
spikes.
Leaves rather broad, scarcely reduced
upward.
Tall, branc-hed throughout; style
3-cleft. - 9. P. erechim.
Low alpine plant ; style 3-parted. 10. P. minimum.
Leaves narrow, decidedly reduced
upward.
Flowers in virgate, much elon-
gated, loose spikes.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 227
Fruiting pedicels erect.
Stout; akeiies dull II. P. raiiin.sissinniin.
Slender; akenes smooth,
shining 12. F. .mwakhense.
Fruiting pedicels reflexed.
Flowers campanulate, 2
to 3 mm. long 13. P. dougJasii.
Flowers funnel-form,
3.5 to 4.5 mm. long. . 14. P. majus.
Flowers in interrupted, but rather
close spikes.
Style 3-cleft; filaments slen-
der 15. P. s-pen/uhirt'r.'oug\.\ Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 133. 1838, not Willd. 1825.
Polygonum lineare Menzies; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 133. 1838, as synonym.
Type locality; "N.W.America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coa-st region.
Specimens examined: Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 2047; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2125;
Seattle, Pi-per & Smith in 1888; Tacoma Fletf; De Fuca. Dr. Scovler; Rockland, Howell.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
16. Polygonum nuttallii Small, Mon. Polyg. 132. pi. 53, 1895.
Polyyoninn i ntertnrdium Nutt.; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 378. 1882, not Ehrh. 1791.
Type locality: "On bluffs of the C()lnml)ia plains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Wa.shington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Alountains, Henderson 2420: Lake Cushman, Piper
2241 ; Mount Constitution, Henderson 2419; Evergreen, Conard 424; .Stehekin, Gorman 737.
Zonal distribittion: Canadian.
17. Polygonum greenei S. Wat.s. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 295. 1879.
Type localkiy: "Plains of Shasta," and "near Chico. " Collected by (xreeiie and by
Mrs. Bidwell.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1002.
18. Polygonum parryi Greene, Bull. Torr. Clul) 8: 99. 1881.
Type locality: Yosemite Valley, California. Collected by Parry.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 009, 1410.
19. Polygonum bistortoides Pursh, Fl. 1:271. 1814.
Polyyomim historta ohlompfolium Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 126. 1856.
Polygonum, glastifolhun Greene, Pittonia 5: 199. 1903.
Type locality': "In low grounds on the banks of the Missouii, called Quamash-flats. "
Collected by Lewis. The date and locality on original label show the place to l)e what is now
Weippe, Idaho.
RAN(iE: Sul)arctic regions, south to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2681; Mount Rainier, Piper, August 15,
1895; Allen 42; Silverton, Bouck 195; Klickitat River, Flett 1043; Stevens Pass, Sandherg
& Leiherg 748; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1413; Ellensburg, Whifed 728; Horseshoe Basin,
Elmer 740; Lake & Hull 649; Q miles east of Pullman, Lake & Hull, May 20, 1892; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Vancouver, Piper 4934.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition as to the typical plant, but recurring in the
Arctic-Alpine meadows.
20. Polygonum viviparum L. Sp. PI. 1: 360. 1753.
Ty'PE locality: Eiuope.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to New England and Colorado. Europe, Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
21. Polygonum newberryi Small, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 170. 1894.
Type locality: Cascade Mountains of Oregon at Crater Pass.
Range: Washington and Oregon. •
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 231
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 305; Piper 2112; Mount Stuart, Elmer
1232, Brandegee 1066; Goat Mountain, Allen 127; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9,
1892; SuJcsdorf, September, 1877; Flelt 1044.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species was formerly confused with the more southern P. davisiae Brewer, and
appears under that name in Suksdorf's list.
22. Polygonum phytolaccaefolium Mcisn.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19:360. 1892.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 85; 10 miles north of Mount Adams,
Flett 1053.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
23. Polygonum alpinum foUosum (Keller) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 360. 1892.
Pohjgonuin pohpnorjiliuni foViosurn Keller, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30: 49. 1891.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, SuJcsdorf 610 in 1885; Floirell d- Henderson in
1882.
24. Polygonum hartwrightii A. Gray, Proc Am. Acad. 8: 294. 1870.
Type locality: "Sedgy bogs, New York from Herkimer to Yates County, and
Michigan."
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to California, Kansas, and Maine.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf 4S2; Coupeville, Gardner 254; Seattle,
Piper 720; Smith, July 11, 1889; Spokane, Dewart, June 6, 1901 ; Davis Lake, Kreager 438.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
25. Polygonum amphibium L. Sp. PI. 1: 361. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Quebec, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsylvania. Europe,
Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, August, 1892; Lake City, Fletl 170; Lake Wash-
ington, Piper, August, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 432; Lake ConconuUy, Whifed
1316; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861 ; 6 miles east of Pullman, Piper, July 7, 1899; Lake
Kalispel, Kreager 338.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
26. Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 8: 73. 1889.
Polygon)! m aniphibium eniersmn Michx. Fl. 1: 240. 1803.
Polygonum muMenhergii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 295. 1879.
Polygonum amphibium terrestre Torr. Fl. U. S. 1: 403. 1824.
Type locality: " Ad ripas fluminis Ohio. "
Range: Biitsh Columbia to NewEngland, southward to Mexico, Louisiana, and Virginia.
Specimens examined: Western Washington, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Coulee City,
Lake & Hull 645; Rock Lake, Lake, August 3, 1893; Chelan, Elmer S.r-u ; junction Crab and
Wilson creeks, Sandherg d^ Leiherg 328; Union Flat, Lake cfc Hull 046; Pullman, Piper 1829;
Uriiontown, Henderson 2699 ; Prosser, Cotton 812.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Prof. E. L. Greene considers the Polygonum emersum, as generally understood to be an
aggregate of many species. Among these Elmer's 857 is made the type of Persicaria
chelanica Greene. o Some other segregates of this and related species, namely, Persicaria
cusickii Greene& and Persicaria oregana Greene c occur in Washington and adjoining States.
This group of species should receive much careful field study.
a Leaflets 1: 49. 1904. b Op. cit. 42. c Op. cit. 31.
232 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
27. Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. Fl. 1:239. 1803.
Type locality: "In Pennsylvania, Virginia, Carolina."
Range: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Mexico and Florida.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, iSwtst^or/ 668, .56, 483.
28. Polygonum lapathifolium L. Sp. PI. 1 : 360. 1753.
Polygonum iwdosum Pers. Syn. 1: 440. 1805.
Type locality: "Habitat in Gallia. "
Specimens examined: Latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Southbend, Spillman; Alma, Ebner
540; Methow River, Whited U, 213; Ellensburg, Whited 596: North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; White Salmon, Suksdorf; Squaw Creek, Cotton 870.
28a. Polygonum lapathifolium incanum (Schmidt) Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. 617. 1837.
PolygonutK incaniiin Schmidt, Fl. Bocm. 4: 90. 1795.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Range: British Columbia and Washington to Nova Scotia and New York, probably
introduced.
Specimens examined: Visk, KreagerZW; Wavvawai, Pi/'f/', August 24, 1894.
29. Polygonum incarnatum Eli. Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 456. 1817.
T^'PE locality: None given, but South Carolina and Georgia understood.
Range: Vermont to Nebra.ska, south to Louisiana and Florida.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandherg d' Leiberg 406; Wawawai, Piper,
Augu.st 23, 1899.
The above specimens ai(^ in all prol)ability introduced.
30. Polygonum persicaria L. Sp. PI. 1: 361. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Savage 47; Puyallup, Piper 2364; Tacoma, Flett 126;
Almota, Piper 2362.
31. Polygonum punctatum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 455. 1S17.
Polygonum acre II. B. K. Nov. Gen. 2: 179. 1817, not Lam. 1805.
Type locality: South Carolina and Georgia.
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, iSul-s^Zo// 484; North Yakima, Pipr 1820; Lind.s-
leys Ranch, Clarke County, Henderson, September 6, 1892.
31a. Polygonum punctatum leptostachyum (Meisn.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19:
356. 1892.
Polygonum acre leptostachyum Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 108. 1856.
Type locality: "In Amer. boreale et australi, praecipue tropica."
Range: The whole United States and southward.
Specimens examined: Latitude 49°, Lyall m 1858-59, west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
1412.
32. Polygonum hydropiper L. Sp. PL 1: 361. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Puyallup, Piper 2320.
Polygonum pennsylvanicum L. appears on Suksdorf's list, credited to Klickitat County.
We have seen no Washington specimens.
Pterostegia drymarioides Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 23. 1835. Type
locality, "In portu Bodega Novae Californiae." Included by Suksdorf in his list, but
he writes that he has seen no Washington specimens. A specimen in the Gray Herbarium
is labeled "Columbia, Tolmie."
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 233
ERIOGONUM.
Flowers not stipe-like at l)ase.
Involucre nerveless; branches leafy; annual I. E. amjulosum.
Involucre distinctly nerved.
Outer perianth segments much broader than the inner.
Umbel simple, close; plants densely cespitose.
' Involucre campanulate; flowers .3 to 4 mm.
long, white or yellow 2. E. ovalifolium.
Involucre turbinate; flowers 4.5 to 5.5 mm.
long, wine red 3. £. vineurn.
Umbel compound; plants loosely cespitose.
Involucres in clusters; flowers white, yellow,
or purple 4. E. proUfentm.
Involucres scattered, mostly solitary; flowers
white.
Plants erect or ascending 5. E. niveum.
Plant decumbent Q. E. decumhens.
Outer perianth segments like the inner.
Shrub, much branched; leaves linear to oblanceo-
late 7. E. m icrothecutn.
Herbs.
Annuals; stems wiry; leaves rosulate.
Involucre 3 mm. long 11. £". vimlneum.
Involucre 1 to 1.5 mm. long 12. E. haileyi.
Perennials.
Plants >ery dwarf and ver}' leafy; pe-
duncles bearing a single involucre. . . . 13. E. mininiyni.
Plants tall, not very leafy; peduncles
l)earing more than one involucre.
Peduncles stoiit, fistulous; involu-
cres 3 to 6 in each cluster.
Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, 5
to 15 cm. long 8. £'. elatum.
Leaves oblong or ovate, obtuse,
1 to 5 cm. long 9. £". nudum.
Peduncles slender, not fistulous; in-
volucres scattered in a loose
cyme 10. 7?. stricluni.
Flowers attenuate and stipe-like at base.
Perianth pubescent.
Involucre with reflexed lobes.
Prostrate or nearly so, only the flowering stems
upright; flowers cream color; leaves oblong
or spatulate, not revolute 14. E. douglasii.
Erect, much branched; flowers bright yellow;
leaves linear or linear-spatulate, often revolute. 15. E. sphaerocepJialum.
Involucre with erect lobes or teeth.
Shrubby; leaves linear, revolute 16. E. thymoides.
Herbaceous; leaves oblong or obovate, not
revolute.
Flowers yellow; bracts 3 to 8 17. E. pi peri.
Flowers purplish; bracts 2 18. £". pyrolaefolium .
Perianth glabrous.
234 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves large, 2 to 8 cm. long, oblong-ovate, mostly
cordate; peduncles stout, naked 19. E. compoHitinn.
Leaves smaller, never cordate; peduncles not naked.
Leaves narrow, tomentose on both sides 20. E. Jieradeoides.
Leaves broader, glabrous or glabrate above.
Inflorescence a single involucre 21. E. tolmieanum.
Inflorescence umbellate.
Umbel simple.
Flowers yellow 22. E. umbellatum.
Flowers cream-color 22b. E. umheUatum majus^
Umbel compound 23. E. stellatum.
1. Eriogonum angiilosum Bentii. Trans. Linn Soc. 17: 406. 1837.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Morgans Ferry, Suhsdorf 438; Yakima region, Brandegee 1051.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Piiiia. 7: 50. 1834.
Type locality: "Sources of the Mi.ssouri." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Smith 773; Mount Adams, SuJcsdorf 87; Fleti
1051; Mount Stuart, Sandberg d; Leiherg 827; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2082.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Eriogonum vineum Small, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 45. 1898.
"i. Eucyeld purpurea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 166. 1847.
? Eriogonum purpureum Nutt.; Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 10. 1856.
Type locality; "California, near Rose mine, San Bernardino Mountains,' altitude 2,10(^
meters."
Range; Washington to California.
Specimens examined; Olympics, Flett 127; Mount Adams, Hemlerxon, August 10, 1892;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1221.
Zonal distribution; Arctic.
4. Eriogonum proliferum Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 164. 1873.
? Eriogonum ohlongifolium minus Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 113. 1856.
Ty'pe locality: "Idaho Mountains (Prof. O. Marcy, Prof. Swallow) to N. Fork of the
Columbia, Wilkes Expedition, Weenas Valley and Walla Walla, Lyall."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 537, 658, 668; Elmer 382, 1087, 391; Piper
2719; Wenache, FA i/e(/ 147, 1245, 1169; Satus, Elmer 1072; F&sco, riindshaw 36,14; Piper
29,56; Mount Cleman, Flenderson; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 493; Snipes Mountain,
Co//on 386; North Yakima, Henderson 2426; Flett 1056; Walt; Steiniveg; Lechenhy; with-
out locality, Henderson 2428; Goldendale, Sulcsdorf 440; Rattlesnake Mountains, SuJcsdorf
439; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 441; Wenas Valley and Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; without
locality, Vasey 145; between Spipen River and North Fork of the Columbia, Wilkes
Expedition.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran.
Apparently all the Washington specimens that have been referred to E. obhngifolium
belong to E. proliferum.
5. Eriogonum niveum Doug!.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 414. 1837.
Eriogomum dichotomum Dough; Benth. op. cit. 415.
Type locality: "Valleys of the Blue Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Rangb: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 235
Specimens examined: Weaachc, Whited 723, 1157; Similkameen Valley, Lyall in 1860;
Lake Chelan, Lalce cfe FIull 673; Coulee City, Henderson 2427; Loomis, Elmer 605; Alkali
Lake, Sandberg & Leiherg 419; Clarks Springs, Kreager 123; without locality, Cooper in
1853; Spokane, Sandherg; Piper 2811 Suhsdorf 945; Watson 349; Sandherg, Heller cC- Mac-
Dougal 903; Wawawai, Pi/)^/' 1634, 1547; Waitsbuig, //or/icr 433; Marcus, /irmr/p/' 463.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
We have been c|iiite unable to distinguish two species, as did Douglas, based on diflerences
in degree of development of the bracts, and on the erect or spreading position of the calyx
teeth.
6. Eriogonum decumbens Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 415. 1837.
Eriogoniiin nireiirn dieunihins Torr. & Gr. -Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 174. 1870.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oi'egon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat (\ninty, LpcA-e/i/*//.- Sunn\-side, Pi/vr; without localitv,
Douglas,
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This plant is perhaps only a subspeci(>s of E. niveum, but its habit is quite distinct. It is
confined to sand hills where it forms large decumbent masses often 50 cm. in diameter.
The leaves also an\ broader than in E. niveum.
7. Eriogonum microthecum. Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. XL 1: 162. 1847.
Type locality: "On the sides of hills in Oregon, east of Walla Walla." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Eliensburg, Whited 553; Egbert Springs, Sandherg d' Leiherg,
July, 1893; Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Moses Lake, Sandherg cf' Leiherg, July, 1893;
Parker, Elmer 1078; North Yakima, Piper 1879; Henderson, October 5, 1892; Walt, August,
1895; without locality, Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kiona, Cotton 734.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
We have seen no Washington specimens referable to E. rori/mJiosinn Nutt. and believe
that sucli references really apply to PJ. microthecum.
8. Eriogonum elatum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 413. 1837.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, TFAi/«(^, August, 1896; Elleasburg, £'Zwer 387; WMted
276; Pi>/-, July, 1897: White Blutf Ferry, Lai-e cf; /]?;/// 677; North Yakima, TFa«, August,
1895; Steinweg in 1894; Peshastin, Sandherg d- Leiherg, August, 1893; Rock Island, Sand-
berg 24: 191. 1S97.
Type locality: Manhattan, Montana.
Range: Washington, Montana, Nevada.
Specimens examined: Sunnyside, 6Wton 753.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Corisperrrium hyssopifolium L. Sp. PI. 1:4. 1753. Bugseed.
Type locality: "Habitat ad Volgam Tartariae, Gillan Borussiae, Monspelii arenosis."
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to Arizona and Texas.
Specimens examined: junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 309; west
Klickitat County, Suksdoif 1385; Wawawai, Piper 1770; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
S(S5; Sunnyside, Cotton 754.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
EUROTIA.
1. Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. Clienop. Mon. Enum. 81. 1840. Winter fat.
Diotis lanata Pursh, Fl. 2: 602. 1814.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri in open prairies." Collected by Lewis.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens e.xamined: Egbert Springs, Sandberg c& Leiberg 347; Sunnyside, Piper 2840;
Rattlesnake. Mountains, Dunn, September 10, 1902; Sunnyside, Cotton 752.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
GRAYIA.
1. Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq. in DC. Prod. 13-: 119. 1849. Hop sage.
Ghenopodium? spinosurn Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838.
Grayia polygaloides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 388. 1841.
Erernosemium spinosurn Greene, Pittonia 4: 225. 1901.
Type locality: "Interior of North California. Douglas, 1826."
Range: Washington to Wyoming, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Piper 3896; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cb
Leiberg 226; North Yakima, Flett 1028; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Leckenby, May 9, 1898;
Pasco, Piper 2974; Hindshaw 40; Morgans Ferry, Sulsdo if 447: Snipes Mountains, Cotton
389; Prosser, Griffiths S Cotton 16.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
ATRIPLEX.
Perennial, shrubby; leaves oblong, enf iie . 5. ^4. nuttaUii.
Annuals.
Leaves densely scurfy and silvery 4. A. argentea.
Leaves fleshy and mealy, not silvery.
Flowers in axillary clusters; leaves linear 3. .4. sosteraefolia.
Flowers in terminal panicles.
Leaves ovate-triangular, usually dentate 1.-4. hastaia.
Leaves lanceolate, mostly entire 2.-4. patula.
1. Atriplex hastata L. Sp. PI. 2: 1053. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa frigidiori."
29418—06 M 16
242 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIOISTAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washington to California, Nebraska, and Manitoba. Atlantifsearoast. Europe.
Specimens examined: Prosser, Cation 889.
Evidently introduced, and said to be spreading rapidly.
2. Atriplex patula littoralis Gray, Man. ed. 5. 409. 1867.
Atriplex liituralis L. Sp. PI. 2: 1054. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae septentrionalis littoribus maris."
Range: Seacoasts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Great Lakes.
Specimens examined: Port Angeles, Piper, September, 1895: Shoalwater Bay, Ileii-
derson, August, 1885: Seattle, Piper in 1887.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Atriplex zosteraefolia (Hook.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 109. 1874.
ChetwjKKliumf zosteratfolium Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 18.38.
Type locality: "N. W. G. of America. Menzies. Columbia and Straits oi D(> Fuca."
Dr. Scouler.
Specimens examined: Straits of De Fuca [Wash.?], Scouler.
This peculiar species is known only from the t}^pe collections. Its rediscovery would be
of much interest.
4. Atriplex argentea Nutt. Gen. 1: 198. 1818.
Type locality: "On sterile and saline plains near the Missouri." Collected l)y Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Minnesota, southward to Colorado and Utah.
Specimens examined: Alma, Elmer 31; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; Yakima City,
Piper 2753; Egbert Springs, Sandbercj d' Leiberg 372; Waitsburg, Homer 419.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
5. Atriplex nuttallii S. W^ats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 116. 1874.
Atriplex canescens Nutt. Gen. 1: 197. 1818, not Atriplex canescens (Pursh, 1814) James.
Type locality: "On the denudated saline hills of the Missouri, commencing about 15
miles below the confluence of White River, and continuing to the mountains."
Range: Washington and Alberta to Nevada and Colorado.
Specimens e.xamined: Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 349.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
CHENOPODIUM. Goosefoot.
Calyx fleshy and red in fruit 5. C. riihrum.
Calyx dry in frait.
Pericarp loosely attached to the seed ; leaves entire 4. C. leptophyllum.
Pericarp firmly attached to the seed; leaves dentate.
Herbage glandular-pubescent 3.6'. bvlnjst
Herbage not glandular.
Leaves mealy beneath 1. C album.
Leaves glabrous 2. C. hybridum.
1. Chenopodium. album L. Sp. PI. 1: 219. 1753. Lamb's quarters.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2055; Wilson Creek, Lake <& Hull,
August 6, 1892; Sandberg cfc Leiberg 257; Pullman, Piper, July 29, 1894; Hardwick,
July 31, 1895.
la. Chenopodium album viride (L.) Moq. in DC. Prod. 13-: 71. 1849.
Chenopodium vinde L. Sp. PI. 1: 219. 17.53.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf Li9\, 669; Wawawai, Piper 3.584.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 243
2. Ghenopodium hybridumL. Sp. PL 1: 219. 1753.
Type locality: EuropeaiL
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1S5S-59; Wenache,
Whited 65; Yakima, Piper 1798; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; Loomis,
Elmer 590; Waitsburg, Horner US; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 567.
3. Ghenopodium botrys L. Sp. PI. 1 : 219. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europao australis arenosis."
Specimens examined: Alraota, Piper 1824; without locality Vasey in 1889; Belleview,
Kreager 496.
4. Ghenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt.; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 94. 1873.
Chenopodium album leptophyllum Moq. in DC. Prod. 13-: 71. 1849.
Type locality': " In Nova California (Nuttall); Laplatte, Gordon."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, .southward to Arizona and Missouri.
Specimens examined: Columbia River above Chelan River, Watson 338; Great Northern
Tunnel, east side. Piper, July, 1895; Moses Lake, Scrndherg <{• Leihery 377; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandberg cC' Leiberg 316; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; Pasco, Piper 2963; Waits-
burg, Horner 1089.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Ghenopodium rubruni L. Sp. PI. 1: 218. 1753.
Type locality; European.
RaNue: British Columbia to Newfoundland, soufli to Oregon, Nebraska, and New
Jersey. Eui'ope. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains near Columbia River, Suksdorf(i7(); Bingen,
Sulsdoif 2325; "Wawawai, Piper in 1901 ; Meyers Falls, Kreager 512.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran?
5a. Ghenopodium mbmm humile (Hook.) S.Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 48. 1880.
Chenopodixm liuinileUnok. Fl. Bor. Aul 2: 127. 1838.
Type locality: "Marshes of the Saskatchewan."
Range: British Columl)ia to Manitol)a, .south to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896; Seattle, Piper 2857; Shoal-
water Bay, Henderson 694.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
BLITTJM.
1. Blitum capitatum L. Sp. PI. 1: 4. 1753. Blite.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa: praesertim in coniit. Tvrolensi."
Range: Yukon to California, the Great Lakes, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lj/o// in 1859; Spokane, Piper,
June 25, 1897; Pullman, Hull 682; Piper, July 25, 1900.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
MONOLEPIS.
Leaves oblong, entire; flowers mostly solitary 1. J/, pusilla.
Leaves lanceolate to spatulate, often dentate; flower clusters dense 2. M. nuttalliaym.
1. Monolepis pusilla Ton-.; S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 289. 1871.
Type locality: "Near Carson City, and rather frequent in the alkaline valleys of West-
ern Nevada."
Range: Eastern Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Piper 3886; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg &
Leiberg 241; Morgans Feriy, SuJcsdoif 446.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Monolepis nuttalliana (Roem. & Schult.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 168. 1891.
Blitinii dunojMxHohles Nutt. Gen. 1 : -1. 1818, not Lam.
Blituin niMallianum Roem. & Schult. Mant. 1: 65. 1822.
Monolepis chenopodioides Moq. in DC. Prod. 13-: 85. 1849.
Type locality: "On arid soils near the banks of the Missouri."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, southward to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Ritzville, Sandberg d' Leiberg
165; Pullman, Piper 1844; Waitsburg, iZorner 186.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
AMARANTHACEAE. Amaranth Family.
AMARANTHUS.
Flowers in dense terminal spikes.
Spikes green, stout, 8 to 14 mm. thick _ 1. ^4. relrojlexus.
Spikes purple, slender, 4 to 6 nun. thick 2. ^4. pnniculatus.
Flowers in small axillary clusters.
Plants prostrate ; sepals 4 or 5 3. A. blifoides.
Plants erect, much branched; sepals 3 4. A. graecizans.
1. Amaranthus retroflexus L. Sp. PL 2: 991. 1753. Pigweed.
Type locality: " Habitat in Pennsylvania. "
Range: Temperate and subtropical North America, mainly spread as a weed.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1554.
2. Amaranthus paniculatus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 1406. 1763.
Type locality: "Habitat in America."
Range : Naturalized in the United States from subtropical regions.
Specimens examined: Clarks Springs, Kreager 569. According to Hooker collected
in 1825 by Scolder on the Columbia.
3. Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 273. 1877.
Type locality: "Frequent in the valleys and plains of the interior, from Mexico to N.
Nevada and Iowa, and becoming introduced in some of the Northern States eastward."
Range: Washington to Nevada, Colorado, and Mexico. Now spreading eastward.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1552; Spokane, Kreager 581.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
4. Amaranthus graecizans L. Sp. PI. 2: 990. 1753. Tumbleweed.
Amaranthus albus L. Syst. ed. 10. 1268. 1760.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia."
Range: Spread as a weed throughout temperate and subtropical North America.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulsdoif 2079; Pasco, Henderson in
1892; Pullman, Piper L5.53; Wawawai, Piper, July 31, 1893.
NYCTAGINACEAE. Folk-o'clock Family.
ABRONIA.
Plants of the seashore.
Flowers rose-colored; wings of the fruit thin 1. ^4. nmbeUata.
Flowers yellow; wings of the fruit thick, hollow 2. ^4. latifoJia.
Plant of the sage -plains ; flowers white 3. *4. meJlifera.
1. Abronia umbellata Lam. 111. 1: 469. pi. 10.5. 1791.
Ty'pe locality: "Ex Californiae maritimis."
Range: Seacoast, Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Port Angeles, Piper 2301; Clallam County, Elmer 2790; Point-
no-point, Piper in 1890.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 245
2. Abronia latifoHa Esch. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 10: 281. 1826.
Abronia arenaria Menzies; Hook. Exot. Fl. 3: pi. 193. 1827.
Type locality: "Iu arenosis maritimis Novae Californiae."
Range: Seashores, Vancouver Island to California.
Specimens examined: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Clallam County, Elmer 2791 ; Port Ange-
les, Piper 2303; Port Towiisend, Henderson, June 25, 1892; Westport, Heller 3943; Lamh
1096: Whidby Island, Gardner 253.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Abronia mellifera Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pZ. 2S79. 1829.
Abronia suksdoifi Coult. & Fi.sber, Bot. Gaz. 17: 348. 1892.
Type locality: " Near the Great [Celilo] Falls of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg ti* Leiberg 464; Morgans Ferry Snksdoif
429; Columbus, Suhsdotf, June 11, 1886; Sand hills of Columbia, Nuttall; Walla Walla,
Lyall, June, 1860; Douglas in 1826; Priest Rapids, Douglas in 1826; Prosser, Henderson 2439;
Pasco, Piper 2989; Elmer 1055; Hindshaw 16; Kiona, Piper 1807, 2646; Cotton 724.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Abronia fragrans Nutt. is listed by Suksdorf, l)ut the plant probal)ly does not occur in
our limits.
AIZOACEAE.
MOLLUGO.
1. Mollugo verticillata L. Sp. PI. 1: 89. 1753. Carpet weed.
Type locality: "Habitat in Africa, Virginia."
Range: Washington to New Brunswick and southward to Mexico and South America.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1675; North Yakima, Henderson,
October, 1892; Parker, Elmer 1077; Wawawai, Piper, August, 1894; Almota, Piper 1878,
August, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Prosser, Cotton 632; Toppenish, Cotton 795.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
POETULACACEAE. Purslane Family.
Ovary half inferior; sepals partly united Portulaca (p. 245).
Ovary superior.
Capsule circumscissile . Lewisia (p. 246) .
Capsule not circumscissile.
Style branches 2; capsule 2-valved, sepals scarious Spraguea (p. 251).
Style branches 3; capsule 3-valved.
Sepals deciduous. Talinum (p. 247).
Sepals persistent.
Petals 3 to 7 ; stamens 3 to 12 ; leaves fleshy, alter-
nate Calandrinia (p. 247).
Petals 5.
Corolla zygomorphic ; styles short , clef t nearly
to the base Montia (p. 247) .
Corollaregular ; styleselongated ,unitednearly
to tlie top Claytoni A (p. 248) .
PORTULACA.
1. Portulaca oleracea L. Sp. PI. 1: 445. 1753. - Purslane.
Type locality: "Habitat m Europa australi, India, Ins. Ascensionis, America."
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf, November, 1879; Almota, Piper, Sep-
tember, 1896; Wawawai, Piper, August, 1894; Meyers Falls, Kreager 517.
246 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
LEWISIA.
Sepals 4 to 8; scape jointed and with an involiUTe of 5 to 7 bracts I. L. rediviva.
Sepals 2; scape 2-bracteolate.
Root elongate.
Seeds granulate, conspicuously strophiolate 2. L. tiveedyi.
Seeds smooth, not at all strophiolate.
Plants 2 to 8 cm. high ; flowers 1 to 3.
Sepals entire; petals white 3. L. nevadensis.
Sepals erose; petals red 4. L. pygmaea.
Plants 10 to 20 cm. high; flowers several to many, red... . 5. L. columbiana.
Root globose ; cauline leaves 2 or 3, linear 6. /.. tnphyUa.
\X^ 1. Lewisia rediviva Pursh, Fl. 2: 368. 1814. Rock rose. Bitterroot.
Type locality: " On the banks of Clark's River." Collected by Lewis. The exact place
is the mouth of the Lou Lou fork of the Bitterroot River, Montana.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: Atanum River, Flett 1293; Wenache, Whited 1089; North Yakima
Henderson, May, 1892; Rock Creek, Sandberg d^ Leiberg 127; Major Creek, Suksdorf 258;
Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker in 1892; Spokane, Piper,
July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Elleusburg, Piper in 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Le'wisia tweedyi (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 : 268. 1895.
CalamJrinia tnrxlgi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 277. 1887.
Type locality: "Wenatchee Mountains, Washington Territory." Collected by Tweedy
and by Brandegee.
Range: Wenache Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Tweedy 898; Brandegee; Sandberg <& Leiberg 346;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1242.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
3. Lewisia nevadensis (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Sjm. Fl. 1 : 268. 189.5.
Calandrinia nevadensis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 623. 1873.
Type locality: "Subalpine region of Wahsatch and East Humboldt Mountains [Nevada]
and Sierra Nevada, California, at Summit and Cisco."
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1275; Simcoe Hills, Hoivell 292; Wenache
Mountains, Elmer 472; Blue ^fountains, Piper 2391; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1235.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
4. Lewisia pygmaea (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 : 268. 1895.
Talinum pygmaea A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. H. 33: 407. 1862.
Oreobroma pygmaea HovfeW, Erythea 1: 33. 1893.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Paradise Valley,
Flett 284; Mount Adams, SuJcsdorf 336.
6. Lewisia columbiana (Howell) Robinson in Gray, S\ai. Fl. 1 : 269. 1895.
Calandrinia columbiana Howell; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 277. 1887.
Type locality: "Mountains of Oregon and Washington Territory (coll. by Lyall as far
north aslat. 49°)."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the Cascades and Olympics.
Specimens examined:. Olympic Mountains, Piper 2222; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1860; Goat Mountain, Allen 205; Olympic Mountains, FleH 128; Llmer 2690;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1206; Sandberg cfc Leiberg 547; Brandegee 683; Head of Twisp River,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 247
Whtted, July, 1S9G: Mount Houderson, Henderson 2044; Lacentre, Mrs. Fanny Brlggs in
1887.
Zonal distribution: lludsonian.
The Lyall specimen was referred to Calandrlnia leana Porter in the Botany of ('aUfornia, a
but that species does not reach our limits.
6. Lewisia triphylla (S. Wats.) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 269. 1895.
Claytonia triphylla S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 345. 1875.
Type locality: "Above Cisco, California;" in Yosfemite Valley . . . and ... in Sierra
County.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimen.s examined: Mount Adams, SiiJcsdorf, August, 1880; Henderson, August, 1892;
Goat Mountain, Allen 154; Klickitat River. Fleft 1274; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June,
1879, 290; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 464; Blue Mountains, Piper 2431.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
TALINTJM.
1. Talinum spinescens Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 250. 1873.
Type Lot.vLiTY: "Bare rocks between Fort Okanogan and Grand Coulie, on the Upper
Columbia River."
Range: Central Washington.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Steinwey in 1894; Yakima,
iVmus, April, 1890; Johnson Canyon, S/'a/wZej/ge in 1883; Great Plains, Z?/'. T.E.Wilcox in
1883; Coal and Crab creeks, Sandberg <& Leiberg 227; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August,
1892; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, LaJce cfc Hull,
August, 1892; Piper 3871; near Cottonwood, Sulcsdorf 257.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
CAIANDRINIA.
1. Calandxinia caiilescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 78. pi. 526. 1823.
Type locality: "'Crescit in Regno Quitensi, prope Chillo, villam contiguam plauitiei
Cachapambensi, alt. 1340 hex.; item prope urbem Mexici, alt. 11(58 hex."
Range: Washington to Mexico. South iVmerica.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 36; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; west Klickitat
County, Sulcsdorf 955, 251; Seattle, Smith in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Calandrinia caulescens menziesii (Hook.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22 : 277. 1887
Talinum menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 223. 1833.
Ty'pe locality: "North-West coast of America, south of the Coliunbia," Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast regioiL
Specimens examined; Without locality, Cooper.
MONTIA.
1. Montia fontana L. Sp. PI. 1: 87. 1753.
Montia minor Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 301. 1805.
Type locality: European.
Range: Subarctic regions, south to Maine and California. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner .50; Tacoma, Fleit 891, 27; Wenache,
Whited 1015; Ellensburg, Piper 2715; Rock Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 89; Seattle, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
a Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 435. 1880.
24:8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
CLAYTONIA
Perennials with thick roots or corms.
Oorm globose; cauline leaves oblong I. C. lanceulata.
Caudex elongate; cauline leaves linear-spatulate 2. C. megarrhiza.
Perennials or annuals; roots not cormose.
Stems bearing only two leaves, these opposite.
Cauline leaves not united.
Pedicels mostly bractless ; perennial by rootstocks. 3. C. asarifolia.
Pedicels mostly with bracts; roots fibrous.
Perennial, 10 to 50 cm. high; leaves ovate 4. C. sibirica.
Annual, 5 to 15 cm. high; leaves narrow 5. C. arenicola.
Cauline leaves united, at least at base.
United leaves forming a roundish disk.
Calyx 4 mm. long; seeds 2 mm. Ijroad. . . 6. C. ferfollata.
Calyx 2 mm. long; seeds 1 mm. l)road.
Basal leaves linear 7. C. jtarriflorn.
Basal leaves ovate 7a. C. parrijlora depressa.
United leaves not forming a disk, but linear or
lanceolate 8. C. spathulata.
Stems bearing more than two opposite leaves, or leaves .
alternate.
Cauline leaves several pairs, opposite . 9. C. chamissoi.
Cauline leaves alternate.
Perennial, producing slender stolons; leaves very
fleshy . - 10. C. parnfdia.
Annual, not stoloniferous; leaves not very fleshy.
Leaves broad, long-petioled ; seeds striate 11. C. diffusa.
Leaves narrow, sessile.
Seeds dull, less than 1 mm. broad 12. C. dichotorna.
Seeds shining.
Petals 4 mm. long; seeds 2 mm.
broad 13. 6*. linearis.
Petals minute or absent; seeds 1 mm.
broad 14.6'. howellii.
1. Claytonia lanceolata Pursh, Fl. 1: 175. 1814. \d.J^^ -
Type locality: "On the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Lewis, the exact place on
the Lolo Trail, Bitterroot Moimtains, idaho.
Range; Britisli Columbia to Wyoming and California.
Specdiexs examined; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2228; Mount Rainier, Piper 2108;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1860; Goat Mountain, Allen 87; Cleman Moun-
tain, Henderson, June 14, 1892; Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf, June, 1878; Stevens Pass,
Sandberg cfc Leiherg 752; Simcoe Moimtains, Howell, June, 1879; Blue Mountains, Horner
63; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895.
Zonal distribution; Hudsonian and Canadian. ^ \ ^
2. Clajtonia megarrhiza (A. Gray) Parry; AVats. Bibl. Index 118. 1878.
Clayionia arc! tea megarrhiza A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 33: 406. 1862.
Type LOCALITY : Rocky Mountains. Collected by PaiTy.
Range; Washington to Alberta, Oregon, and Colorado.
Specimens examined; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1224; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 4, 1900.
3. Claytonia asarifolia Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 137. 1832.
Claytonia cordifolia Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 365. 1882.
Montia asarifolia Howell, Erythea 1 : 39. 1893.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 249
Type locality: Sitka, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, PJpw- 2219; Flett 88; Goat Mountain, JZZen
153; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Sleinweg in 1895; Silverton, BoucJc 36; Klickitat River, Flett
1277: Kittitas Mountain, Whited 1284; head of Atanum River, Henderson, August 24, 1892;
Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 103; Nason Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 603; Pend Oreille River,
Lijall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
4. Claytonia sibirica L. Sp. PI. 1: 204. 1753.
Claytonia alsinoides Sims, Bot. Mag. 32: /*/. 1309. 1810.
Montia xrasliingtoniana Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 220. 1898.
Montia sihirica Howell, Eiythea 1: 39. 1893.
Type locality: "Habitat in Siberia."
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 38()1; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898:
Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; King County, Suksdorf 957; Silverton, BoucJc 35; Olympia, Kin-
caid, July, 1896; Mount Rainier, Flett 241; upper Niscjually Valley, Allen 151; Mount
Baker, Flett 854; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
2245, 256: Horseshoe Basin, Lake d' Hull 426; Spokane, Watson 60; Dewart in 1901 ; with-
out locality', Cooper in 1854; Clarks Springs, Kreager 32; Tukanon River, Lake ct' Hull 425.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Claytonia arenicola Henderson, Bull. Torr. Ciul) 22: 49. 1895.
Montia arenicola Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. fJ6. 1897.
Type locality: Lewiston, Idaho. Collected by llender.son.
Range: Idaho and Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861 ; Spokane, Piper 2290; Henderson
2430; Hangman Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 15; Waitsburg, Homer 64; Wawawai, Elmer 121;
Piper 2799, 3822; Clarkston, Hunter 6.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
6. Claytonia perfoliata Donn; Willd. Sp. PI. 1-: 1186. 1797.
Montia perfoliata Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893.
Type locality: " Habitat in America boreali."
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1885: without localit}-, Vasey 171; west Klicki-
tat County, Svlcsdoif 529, 530, 1879; Blue Mountains, Horner 67.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6a. Claytonia perfoliata amplectens Greene, Fl. Fran. 179. 1891.
Type locality: "Middle elevatit)ns of the Sierra," California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1888; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
This is merely a form in which the cauline leaves are nearly or cjuite separate.
7. Claytonia parvifiora Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 225. 1833.
Montia. parvifiora rupestris Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 221. 1898.
Montia parvifiora hydrophila Suksdorf, loc. cit.
Montia parvijlora silvatica Suksdorf, op. cit. 222.
Montia interrupta Suksdorf, loc. cit.
Montia parvifiora Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893.
Type locality: "Abundant along the course of the Columbia, in open parts of the forest
where wood has been liurned, or the ground turned up by deer." Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California, Idaho, and Utah.
Specimens examined: Taconia, Flett 83; Olympia, Herulerson, May 24, 1892; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 531, 9.56, 2017, 2097, 2092; Sprague, Sandberg d; Leiberg 204;
250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Pullman, Elmer 845; Hull, May, 1892; Tukanon River, Lalce, July 1, 1892; Waitsburg,
Horner 66; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2304, 2305; Tacoma, Flett 2157, 2197.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7a. Claytonia parviflora depressa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 281. 1887.
Montia latifolia Suksdorf, Deutscli. Bot. Monatss. 16:222. 1898.
Montia arenaria Suksdorf, loc. cit.
Montia humifusa Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 96. 1897.
Montia rubra Howell, Erythea 1:38. 1893.
Montia farvijiora depressa Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 274. 1895.
fClaytonia parviflora glauca Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 1:200. 1838.
Type locality: "On river banks, probably sand-washes, Brit. Columbia to Oregon and
adjacent Idaho."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 53; Admi-
ralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 2259, 85; Ellensbui'g, Piper, May 20, 1897;
Douglas County, Spillman; west Klickitat County, Sulsdoif 532, 1880, 1881, 2009, 2010,
2199; Waitsburg, Horner 65; Blue Mountains, Horner 68.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
8. Claytonia spathulata Doug).; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 226. 1833.
Montia spathulata Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893.
Montia spathidata disciforntis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 222. 1898.
Type locality': " North-West coast of Amenca " Memies. "In the \ allies of the Rocky
Mountains" Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Laidlaw, Zam& 1116; Tacoma, F/e<< 86, 4,880; Klickitat County,
Howell, June, 1879; Major Creek, Suksdorf 2095.
8a. Claytonia spathulata exigua (Torr. & Gr.)
Claytonia exigua Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 200. 1838.
Montia spathulata exigua Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 275. 1895.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California, in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 54; ^'mgen, Suksdoif 2094; White Salmon,
Svl'sdorf 255.
9. Claytonia chamissoi Ledeb.; Spreng. Syst. 1:790. 1825.
Claytonia chamissonis Esch. Linnaea 6: 562. 1831.
Montia chamissonis Greene, Fl. Fran. 180. 1891.
Type locality: "Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Califoinia and Colorado. Minnesota.
Specimens examined: Roy, Allen, May 17, 1889; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdoif 958; Upper
Wenas River, Henderson, June, 1892; Klickitat River, Flett 1288; Spokane County, Sand-
herg & Leiberg 88; Pullman, Elmer 818; Piper 1712; without locality, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
10. Claytonia parvifoHa Moc; DC. Prod. 3: 361. 1828.
Claytonia filicaulis Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 224. jil. 72. 1834.
Montia parvifolia Greene, Fl. Fran 181. 1891.
Type locality: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island.
Range: Alaska to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Tacoma, Flett
213; Skokoraish River, Henderson, May, 1892; Silverton, Bouck 37; Mount Rainier, Flett
1405; Pipw, August, 1895; upper Nisqually Valley, J//fn 152, 1.52a: west Klickitat County
Suksdorf 1878; Klickitat River, Flett 1290; Yakima County, Brandegee 686; Peshastin,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 251
Sandberg <& Leiherg 585; Horseslioe Basin, Lal-e d- IIull, August, 1892; Bridge Crock, Elmer
713; without locality, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Transition.
11. Claytonia diffusa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 202. 1888.
MorUia diffusa Greene, Fl. Fran. 181. 1891.
Type locality: "In pine woods, a few miles above Fort Vancouver." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Gig Harbor, Flett 5; Larm River, Snlsdoif 104: Seattle, Piper in
1885.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
12. Claytonia dichotoma Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 202. 1838.
Montia dichotoma Howell, Erythea 1: 36. 1893.
Type locality: "In wet places on rocks, near the junction of the \Valdaniet with the
Oregon." Collected l)y Nuttall.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Hills, C^o/znaft, April, 1895; HoircHHd; White Salmon,
Suksdorf, June, 1878; Spokane, Piper 2667, May 19, 1899; Pullman, Elmer 173; without
locality, Geyer 648.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
13. Claytonia linearis Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 224, pi. 71. 18:34.
Montia linearis Greene, Fl. Fran. 181. 1891.
Type locality: "Moist rocky places: on the Great and Little Falls of tiie Columbia,
abundant." Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 55; Tacoma, Flett 3; Klickitat River,
Flett 1289; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiherg il; without locality, Douglas; without
locality, 6Vt/e/- 317; Pullman, E'/mer 157; Piper 1713; Hull, May 24,1892, if oo/e, May 16,
1893; Vancouver, Piper 4946; Seattle, Piper in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
14. Claytonia howellii (S. Wats.).
Montia howellii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 191. 1883.
Type locality: "On Sauvies Island, in the Willamette River, Oregon." Collected by
Howell.
Range: British Cokinibia to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pipe?- 241.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
SPRAGUEA.
1. Spraguea multiceps Howell, Erythea 1: 39. 1893.
Spraguea umbellaia caudicifera A. Gray, Syn. Fi. 1 : 278. 1895.
Type locality: Mount Hood, Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2091, 37; Allen 101; Mount Adams, SwA-sdo?/, September, 1877; Flett 1052; Nason
Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 659; without locality, Cooper.
Zonal distribution; Arctic.
252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SILENACEAE. Pink Family.
Sepals united; petals long-clawed.
Calyx 10 to many-nerved.
Styles 3, rarely 4 or 5; capsule with 3 or G teeth Silene (p. 252).
Styles always 5; capsule with 5 or 10 teeth.
Calyx with tooth-like lobes Lychnis (p. 255) .
Calyx with the lobes foliaceous Agrostemma (p. 256).
Calyx 5-nerved; styles 2.
Calyx cylindric, not angled Saponaria (p. 256).
Calyx ovate, angled Vaccaria (p. 256).
Sepals free to the base or nearly so.
wStipules wanting.
Petals 2-cleft or 2-parted, rarely none.
Capsule cylindric, usually curved Cerastrtm (p. 256).
Capsule ovate or oblong, not curved Alsine (p. 257).
Petals entire or notched, rarely none.
Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them. Sagina (p. 259).
Styles fewer than the sepals or opposite them.
Disk of the receptacle conspicuous, 8 to 10-lobed. Ammodenia (p. 260).
Disk wanting.
Seeds each with a strophiole Moehringia (p. 260).
Seeds without strophioles Arenaria (p. 260).
Stipules present, scarious.
Fruit a one-seeded utricle; sepals spine-tipped Pentacaena (p. 264).
Fruit a capsule; sepals not spine-tipped.
Styles and valves of the capsule 5 Sperguf.a (p. 263).
Styles and valves of the capsule 3 Tissa (p. 263).
SILENE. Catchfly.
Calyx with 15 nerves or more.
Nerves 18 to 23, prominent 1 . S. muliinervia.
Nerves 15 to 20, obscure 2. S. vulgaris.
Calyx with 10 nerves.
Plants annual or biennial.
Inflorescence a simple raceme 3. S. anglica.
Inflorescence a cyme or a panicle.
■ Plant sticky hairy 4. ^. noctiflora.
Plant glabrous, except that the middle portion of each
of the upper internodes is glutinous 5. S. antirrhina.
Plants perennial.
Acaulescent and densely matted Q. S. acaulis.
Caulescent.
Flowers solitary in the forks of leafy branches 7. ^'. menzusii.
Flowers in terminal panicles, or occasionally solitary.
Calyx cylindric, narrowed at base ; ovary stipitate.
Blades of the petals cleft into 4 to 8 linear
lobes 8. S. oregmui.
Blades of the petals cleft into 2 lobes.
Stems very leafy, petal-lobes small,
entire 9. S. spaldingii
Stems not very leafy, petal-lobes
notched 10. S. scouleri.
Calyx campanulate ; ovary not stipitate.
Plant 5 to 10 cm. high; flowers 1 to 3 11. S. sulsdorfi.
Plants taller; flowers often numerous.
Blades of petals 2-lobed 12. S. douglasii.
Blades of petals 4-lobed, tlie lateral
lobes smaller 13. S. macoun'd.
PIPP:R FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 253
1. Silene multinervia S. Wats. Pioc. Am. Acad. 25: 126. 1890.
Type locality: "Near Jamuel," California.
Range: California.
Specimens examined: Whidliy Island, Gardner 44, d()ul)tloss introduced from California.
2. Silene vulgaris (Moench.) Garcke, Fl. Dcutsclil. ed. 9. 64. 1S69.
Behen vulgaris Moench, Meth. 709. 1794.
Silene cucubalus Wibel, Prim. Fl. Werth. 241. 1799.
Cucuhalus hehen L. Sp. PI. 1 : 414. 1753, not Silene behen L.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle. Piper 1817.
3. Silene angHca L. Sp. PL 1: 416. 1753.
SiUn,' galliea L. Sp. PI. 1: 417. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Anglia, Gallia."
Specimens exa.mineu: Whatcom County, Sitlsdorf 1847; Seattle, Piper.
4. Silene noctiflora L. Sp. PI. 1: 419. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Suecia, Germania."
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 34; Silvcrton, Bouclc 151 b; AVhite Sal-
mon, 5y,ts(Zor/ 525; PuUman, Pi;)er 1854.
5. Silene antirrhina L. Sp. PI. 1: 419. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Carolina."
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Kincaid, June, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer
2750; Tacoma, Fletf, June, 1896; west Klickitat County, 5^)/l'sr7o;/ 1857; Stehekin, Whifed
1404; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Almota, Piper 1707; without locality, I'ascy in
1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 111: Seattle, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Transition.
6. Silene acanlis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 603. 1762.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, .Vustriacis, Ilelveticis, Pyrenaeis."
Range: Arctic regions, south to the White Mountains, and in the west to Washington
and Arizona. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade ilountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Elinor,
Miss Getty, August, 1902; Mount Rainier, Flett 31; Bridge Creek, Elmer in 1897.
Zonal distribution:- Arctic.
7. SHene menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 90. pi. SO. 1830.
Silene stellarioides Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 193. 1838.
Type locality: "North-West coast of America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia and Assiniboia to California and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2751; Hope Island, Fleft 2112; Whidby
Island, Gardner 41 ; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Thorp, Whited 634; Beaver Creek.
Whited 231; Wenache, Whited 156; Falcon Valley, Sul'sdorf 1854; North Yakima, Hender-
son in 1892; Watt, August, 1895; Wilson Creek, Lalce & Hull, August, 1892; Harrington,
Sandberg c& Leiberg 222; Spokane, Spalding; without locality, Vasey in 1889; "on the
Okanogan," Douglas; Asotin Creek, Hunter, June, 1900; Clarks Springs, Kreager 48, 620,
260; Pullman, Piper, June, 1893: Blue Mountains, Horner, July 17, 1896.
Zonal distribution : Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Professor Greene has recently proposed the genus Anotites, based on this species which he
regards as an aggregate of several. Of these A. inscosa Greenea is based on Horner's Blue
Mountains collection and A. nodosa b on Whited's Wenache collection.
a Leaflets 1: 98. 1905. bOp. cit. 100.
254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Silene oregana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 343. 1875.
Type locality: "In the Blue Mountains, Oregon." Collected by Nevius.
Range: Oregon and Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Upper Naches River, Henderson 2567 ; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1237 ;
White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1878; Sinicoe Hills, Hoioell 311; Skamania County, Suksdorf
2038; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1297; Clarks Springs, Kreager 576; Blue Mountains,
Piper 2393.
Zonal distribution ; Canadian and lludsonian.
9. Silene spaldingii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 344. 1875.
Ty'PE locality; "On the Clear Water," Idaho. Collected by Spalding.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idalio.
Specimens examined; Cheney, Mrs. TucJirr in 1900.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition.
10. SHene scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 88. 1830.
Ty'PE LOCALITY'; Fort Vancouver, Washington. Collected by Scoiiler.
Range; British Columbia to Oregon an'd Colorado.
Specimens examined: Chambers Prairie, Henderson, August 8, 1892; Yelm Prairie,
Smith 621; Tacoma, Flett 875; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1896; near Mount Stuart,
Brandegee 656; Tieton River, Cotton 491; Blue Mountains, Horner 571.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
11. Silene suksdorfii Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 44. 1891.
Type locality; "Mt. Paddo (Adams), at 7,000 to 8,000 feet altitude." Collected by
Suksdorf.
Range; Washington to California.
Specimens examined; Mount Rainier, Allen, 239; Piper 2135, 623; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1178; Brandegee 654; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf Al ; Howell
& Henderson, August, 1882; White River, Flett 304.
Zonal distribution; Arctic.
12. SUene douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 88. 1830.
Silene dilaiata Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 212. 1898.
Type locality ; "Abundant in mountani valleys, above the Grand Rapids of the Cohun-
bia, and among the Rocky Mountains on their western declivity." Collected by Douglas.
Range; British Columbia to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2216; Elmer 2744, 2747; Wenache,
Whited 14; Mount Stuart, Sandherg & Leiherg 574; Goat Mountains, Allen 124a; west
Klickitat County, Svksdorf 2156; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 7: Blue Mountains, Lake .
SieUaria obtusa Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 5. 1882.
Type locality : Gunnison River, Colorado.
Range: Washington to British Columbia and Colorado.
Specimens ex.amined: Skokomish River, Piper, August, 1895.
8. Alsine calycantha (Ledeb.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 145. 1900.
Arenaria calijcantha Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 6: 534. 1812.
Stellaria calycantha Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. W. 2: 127. 1832.
Alsine simcoei Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : 83. 1897.
Type locality: "Hab. in Siberia orientali."
Range: Alaska to California. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Pipfr 2134: Paradise River, Allen 159, 159a;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2302,2303; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 667^ Klickitat County,
Hou-ell 313; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2194; Wenache trail, Brandegee 668.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
The Mount Rainier specimens were erroneously referred to A. idiginosa (Murr.) Britton,
by Howell. tt '*
Alsine stmcoei Howell dillers from A. calycantha only in being unusually pubescent.
aFl. N.W.Am. 1:82. 1897.
PTPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 259
9. Alsine crispa (Cham. & Schlecht.) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 216. 1895.
SfeUaria crispa Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 51. 1826.
Type locality: "Unalaschka."
Range: Ahi.ska to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall
in 1858; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 156; Skamania County, Sithsdorf 1863; Falcon
Valley, Svlsdorf 333: Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
The Blue Mountains specimens are not typical, and probably represent a new subspecies.
10. Alsine washingtoniana (Robinson) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. ed. 2. 4. 1900.
Stellaria irasliingtoniana Rol)inson, Bot. Gaz. 25: 166. 1898.
Type locality: "In alder woods of the upper valley of the Nisqually, upon the slopes
of Mount Rainier, Washington." Collected by O. D. Allen.
Specimens examined: Lake Cushman, Piper 2238; valley of the Nisqually, Allen 157.
Zonal distribution; Canadian.
11. Alsine jamesiana (Torr.) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. ed. 2. 4. 1900.
Stellaria jamesiana Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 169. 1828.
Stellaria jamesii of authors.
Type locality: "Rocky ]\Iountains."
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Sandherg cfe Leiherg 818; Wenache Mountains
Whited, Jime, 1896; Clealum, Henderson 2568.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
8. SAGINA.
Herbage glandular-puberulent _ . 3. S. ciliata.
Herbage glabrous.
Stems slender; leaves scarcely fleshy \. S. occidenfalis.
Stems rather stout; leaves fleshy 2. »S'. crassicaulis.
1. Sagina occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 344. 1S75.
Type locality: "In the valleys and borders of salt marshes from Oregon to San
Francisco."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mt)untains, Piper; Seattle, Smith 744; Piper 470;
Coupeville, Gardner 47, 48; Mount Rainier, Piper 2631, 745; Bridge Creek, Elmer.
2. Sagina crassicaulis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 191. 1883.
Type locality: "On Dillon's Beach, Marin County, California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Port Orchard, Piper 2312; Ocosta, Henderson, June 26, 1892;
Ilwaco, Henderson, September, 1885; Piper 4996.
The species of tliis genus are illy defined, and we seriously doubt that S. crassicaulis and
S. occidentalis are really distinct. Alpine forms here referred to the latter have been con-
sidered to be S. linnaei Presl {S. saginoides (L.) Britt.), which, indeed, may be correct.
3. Sagina ciliata (Greene).
Alsinella ciliafa Greene, Fl. Fran. 126. 1891.
Type locality: "Vicinity of lone," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, in dry soil, Pl]>er in 1889.
260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
10. MOEHRINGIA.
Petals longer than the obtusish sepals 1. M. lateriflora.
Petals shorter than the acuminate sepals 2. M. macrovhylla.
1. Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl, Verbr. Alsin. 18. 1833.
Areruir'ia latcrifolia L. Sp. PI. 1: 423. 1753.
Type locality: Siberia.
Range: Oregon to Colorado and New Jersey, and northward. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Pipe'' 1022; Hock Lake, Sandberg c& Leiherg 12S;
Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892: Pullman, Hull 483; Piper, June, 1893; Walla Walla,
Brandegee 671.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 246. 1874.
Arenarla niunophi/Ua Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 102. 1830.
Type locality: "North-West America, in shady woods." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and eastward to Lake Superior.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Ehner 2751; Tacoma, Flett 87; Mount Rai-
nier, Piper 2128; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 158; White Salmon, Sulcsdorf 250; Klicki-
tat River, FZe« 1356; Clealum, FAi/eJ 361 ; ^ason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 627; without
loc&lity, Brandegee 670; Kamiak Butte, if core 1705; Pend Oreille River, iyaZZ in 1861;
Wawawai, Lal'c <& Hull 784; Mount Carlton, Kreager 219; Cape Horn, Piper 5014.
Zonal dlstribution : Transition to Hudsonian.
AMMODENIA.
1. Ammodenia peploides (L.) Rupr. Beitr. Pfl. Ru.ss. Reich. 2: 25. 1845.
Arenaria peploides L. Sp. PI. 1: 423. 1753.
Honkenya peploides Ehrh. Beitr. 2: 181. 1788.
Type locality: European.
Range: On the seashore, Arctic regions, southward to Washington and New Jersey.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper in 1854; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf
1867; Ilwaco, Henderson 2156; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
la. Ammodenia peploides major (Hook.)
Arenaria peploides major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 102. 1830.
Honkenya oblongifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 176. 1838.
Arenaria sitchensis Dietr. Syn. PI. 2: 1565. 1839-52.
Type locality: "De Fuca's Straits." Collected by Scouler.
Range: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, Lamb 1248; Whidby ".slaiid, Gardner 45; near Seattle,
Piper, July, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
ARENARIA.
Valves of the capsule 2-toothed.
Annual; leaves ovate 1-^4. serpyllifdia.
Perennials; leaves very narrowly linear.
Sepals obtuse; flowers in loose cymes 2. .4. capillar is.
Sepals not obtuse.
Petals longer tlum the ovate acute 3-nerved sepals.
Floweis in dense clu.sters 3. A. congesta.
Flowers in loose clusters 4. .4. glabrescens.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 261
Petals shorter than the pungent, lanceolate 1-nerved
sepals 5. A.franliinii.
Petals wanting; plants minute, usually purplish 8. .1. piisUla.
Valves of the capsule entire.
Petals present.
Leaves linear or lance-linear; marsh jilants with soft and
flaccid leaves and stems . 6. ^4. jxiludicola.
Leaves subulate or filiform, rather rigid.
Sepals obtuse 11. A. sajiuifnsis.
Sepals acute or cuspidate.
Plants densely matted or tufted, alpine; cymes
few-flowered.
Herbage glandular; .sepals not strongly nerved . 10. A. nuUallii.
Herbage not glandular; sepals strongly neived . 9. A. vcrna.
Plants loosely or not at all matted; cymes dichoto-
mously branched, several to many-flowered; low-
land plant 7. A. tenella.
1. Arenaria serpyllifoiia L. Sp. PI. 1: 423. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Whidby Island, Gardner 369;
Seattle, Piper 551; Taconia, Flett 2022; Clarke County, Sulsdorf \mi>, 101.
2. Arenaria capillaris Poir. Encycl. 6: 380. 1804.
Type locality: "Dans la Siberie."
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; head of Twisp
River, Whited 211; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1283; Nason Creek, Sandherg & Leiberg
681; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 486; without locality, Brandegee 674; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 238; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1187.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2a. Arenaria capillaris nardifolia(Ledeb.) Regel, Bull.Soc. Nat.Mosc. 35: 253. 1830.
Arenaria nardifolia Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. 1: 4. pi. 6. 1829.
Type locality: "Hab. in rupibus alpium Altaicarum."
Range: Alaska to California and Utah. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Fleit 806; Mount Rainier, Pi/w 620, 2121 ;
Allen 238; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1115; Klickitat River, Flett 1059.
Zonal distribution; Arctic.
3. Arenaria congesta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 178. 1838.
Type locality : ' 'vShady hills in the Rocky Mountain range, about Bear River of the
Lake of Timpanagos." Collected by Nuttall.
R.\NGE: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined; Chelan, Whited 1377; Conconully, Whited 1320; White Bluff,
LaTce cfc Hull 485; Wilson Creek, Lake cfc Hull 482; Loon Lake, Winsfon, July 20, 1897;
Spokane, Spaulding; Suksdorf 252; Piper, June, 1897; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull,
July, 1892; Piper, July, 1896; Clarks Springs, Kreager 100.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Arenaria glabrescens (S. Wats.)
Arenaria fendleri glabrescens S. Wats. Bot. King Expk)r. 40. 1871.
Arenaria fendleri subcongesta S. Wats. loc. cit.
Arenana burkei Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 85. 1897.
Type locality': Toyabe Mountains, Nevada.
Range: Washington to Alberta, Arizona, and California.
262 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Upper Wenas River, Henderson 2566; Clema,;. Mountain,
Henderson in 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 666;CouleeCity,LaA:ecfc/7?/ZZ, August, 1892; junction
Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg294; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896: with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. Arenaria franklinii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 101. 1830.
Type locai-itv: "Abundant on barren sandy plains and undulating grounds of the
Columbia, from the 'Great' to the 'Kettle' falls." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: P&seo, Piper 2970; Hindshaw 6; Klickitat County, Leckenby,
May, 1898; North Y&kimn, Henderson, May, 1892; Morgans Ferry, Siiksdorf 254; Bick-
leton, Svlcsdorf 253; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860: Wilson Creek
Sandberg & Leiherg 296; Wallula, Cotton 1026, 1044.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
6. Arenaria paludicola Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29: 298. 1894.
Arenaria palustris S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 70. 1876, not Gay. 1845.
Alsine palustris Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3: 61. 1863.
Type locality: San Francisco, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Near Tacoma, F/t//, September, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
7. Arenaria tenella Nutt., Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 179. 1838.
Arenaria stricta /i Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 99. 1830.
Type locality: "Rocky places, plains of the Oregt)n.'" Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon, in tlie coast region.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,i?,«//in 1859; Whidby Island,
Gardner 46; Tacoma, Flett 890, 190; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1S£6; Henderson, May, 1892;
Woodlawn, //erif/e/'son, June, 1892; Steilacoom, Snckley; Piper; Columbia River, Nuttall;
Roy, Allen, May 23, 1889; Yelm, P%per in 1888, Stuart Island, Lawrence 42.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
8. Arenaria pusilla S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 367. 1882.
Type locality: Yreka, California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California
Specimens e.xamined: White Salmon, ,Siiksdi>/f 249; Waitsburg, Horner 128; Pull-
man, Piper 1885.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
9. Arenaria verna rubella ( Wahl.) S. Wats. Bibl. Index 99. 1878.
Alsine rubella Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 1 : 28. pi. 6. 1S12.
Arenaria hiria glabrata Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 56. 1826.
Type locality: "Hab. in summitate alpis Lyngensis Nordlandiae septentrionalis
circiter 3,000 pedes paris. supra mare elevata."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2115; Smith 777; Flett 228; Olympic
Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2748.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Hooker a reports A. verna from the Columbia, collected by Menzies and by Doughxs.
Hooker's plant can scarcely be the rare Alpine plant here consideied.
Flett's 228 was referred by Wiegand b to the scarcely distinct A. propinqua Richards.
a Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 99. 1830. i'Bull. Torr. Club 24: 343. 1897.
PIPER — FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 263
10. Arenaria nuttallii Pax: Engler's, Bt)t, Jahrl). 18: 30. 1S93.
Arenaria pungens Nutt.; Ton-. & Gr. Fl. 1: 179. 1838, not Clem. 1816.
Type locality: "Summit of hills in the Rocky Mountain range (lat. 41°)."
Range: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 676; Elmer 1118; Mount Adams,
Sulcsdorf 4S] Howell t£- Henderson, August, 1882; Henderson, August 10, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
11. Arenaria sajanensis Willd. Schlecht. Berl. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Mag. 7: 200. 1813.
Type locality: "Auf der ostlichen Hohen des altaischen Gebirges," Siberia.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south in the mountains to Arizona. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 805; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
LyaU in 1860; near Mount Baker, Flett 860; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 672; Elmer 1119;
Mount Adams, Flett 1353; SuJcsdorf 175; Loomis, Elmer 623.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species appears in Suksdorf's list as ".4. bifora Wats, var.''
SPERGULA.
1. Spergula arvensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 440. 1753. Spurrey
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Pidhnan, H ardw I el", ffuly, 1895.
TISSA.
Maritime plants; leaves very fleshy.
Perennial, large-rooted ; flowers large 1. T. niacrotheca.
Aniuuil, fibrous- rooted ; flowers smaller 2. T. marina.
Not maritime; leaves not fleshy.
Stipules elongate, silvery 3. T riihra.
Stipules short, deltoid 4. T. diandra hradtata.
1. Tissa macrotheca (Ilornem.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 16: 129. 1889.
Arenaria macrotheca Hornem.; Cham. & Schlecht. Liimaea 1: 53. 1826.
Lepigonum macrothecitm Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 14. 1835. nom. nud.
Type locality: "In sabulosis CaHforniae."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Port Angeles, Piper 2302 in part; Stuart Island, Lawrence 138.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Tissa marina (L.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club, 16: 126. 1889.
Arenaria rubra marina L. Sp. PI. 1 : 423. 1753.
Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl, Fl. Cech. 95. 1819.
Type locality: Europe. .
Range: Atlantic and Pacific coasts and alkaline places in the interior.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2746; Whidby Island, Gardner 363;
Seattle, Pi/jer, September 4, 18C0; Howell 372; Port Angeles, Pipe/- 2302 in part; Whatcom
County, Suksdorf 954; 1874, 1872.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Tissa rubra (L.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 16: 127. 1889.
Arenaria rubra L. Sp. PI. 1 : 423. 1753.
Spergularia rubra J. & C. Presl, Fl. Cech. 94. 1819.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: British Columbia to California. Atlantic States. Europe.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2745: Tacoma, Flett 179: Oakesdale,
Piper, July 19, 1894; Union Flat, Lake cfc Hull, July 18, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 112;
Newport, Kreager 452.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
264 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3a. Tissa rubra perennans (Kindl).) (Ireene, Pittoiiia 2: 229. 1892.
Lepigonum rvhrurn perennans Kindb. Monogr. 41. 1863.
Spergiilaria rubra perennans Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 2.50. 1897.
Type locality: Sweden.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California. Europe.
Specimens examined: Satsop, Heller 4026; Kalania, Piper, October, 1901; Lake Park,
Piper 2126; KHckitat County, Brandegee 678; west Klickitat County, SuTcsdorf 2081;
Stuart Island, Lairrence 196.
4. Tissa diandra bracteata (Robinson).
Spergul'aria salsuginea hraeteata Roi^inson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 2.51. 1897.
Type locality: Texas.
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Svhsdorf 2082, 176; Egbert Springs
Sandherg & Leiherg 346.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
PENTACAENA.
1. Pentacaena ramosissima (Weinni.) Hook. & Arn.; Ilook. Bot. Misc. 3: 338. 1833.
Loejlingia ramosissima Weinm. Bot. Zeit. 3: 608. 1820.
Paronychia? ramosissima DC. Prod. 3: 372. 1828.
Type locality: "In apricis siccis Chili."
Range: Washington to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: Westport, Heller 3939; Oyluit, Lamb 1262: Ilwaco, Piper.
Zonal distpjbution : Humid Transition.
NYMPHAEACEAE. Wateklily Family.
Leaves peltate: carpels se^'eral, 1-seeded Brasenia.
Leaves cordate ; carpel 1 , many-seeded N ymphaea.
BRASENIA.
1. Brasenia schreberi Gmel. Syst. Veg. 1: 853. 1796. Watershield.
Hydropeltis purpurea Michx. Fl. 1 : 324. 1803.
Brasenia peltafa Pursh, Fl. 2: 389. 1814.
Brasenia purpurea Casp. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3-: 6. 1888.
Type locality: None given.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Texas, and Florida.
Asia. Australia. Africa.
Specimens examined: Lake Washington, Piper, July, 189.5; Silver Lake, Henderson,
October, 1892; Davis Lake, Kreager 443.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
NYMPHAEA.
1. Nymphaea polysepala (Engelm.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 84. 1888. Wokas.
Xiipliar pnlyse pahnii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 282. 186.5.
Type locality : "In small lakes, in the higher Rocky Mountains, from the sources
of the Platte, near Long's Peak, lat. 40°, to those of the Columbia River, lat. 44°."
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, Lamb 1260; Falcon Vcllcy, Sul'sdorf 46; Union Flat,
Lalce & Hull 421; Big Meadows, Stevens County, Kreager -!26.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
The common form of this species has floating leaves, l)ut in some lakes a form occurs in
which the leaf blade is held above the water. Forms witii the outer sepals red-tinged
PIPER — FLORA OF THE r5TATE OF WASHINGTON, 265
{Nuphar pohjsepahim plctura Engelin.) are of frequent occurrence. Nymphaea adcena has
several times been reported from Washington, but it is improbable that that species occurs
so far west, the above being mistaken for it.
CERATOPHYLLACEAE.
CERATOPHYLLUM.
1. Ceratophylluni deniersum L. Sji. PI. 2: 992. 1753. Hornwort.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Temperate Nortli America. R^urope.
Speclmens examined: Lake Washington, Piper, July 12, 1895.
This plant is common in lakes, but is rarely collected. Fruiting specimens are very
rare. Good material is a desideratum, as there is some prol)ability that more tlian one
species occurs in Washington.
RANUNCULACEAE. Buttercup Family.
Carpels with solitar}' ovules; fruit an akene.
Sepals valvate in the bud; leaves opposite Clematls (p. 26(3).
Sepals imbricated in the bud; leaves not opposite.
Cauline leaves three in a whorl.
Styles short, glabrous or pubescent Anemone (p. 267).
Styles long, plumose Pulsatilla (p. 268).
Cauline leaves alternate or leaves all basal.
Petals none ; flowers small, numerous in corymbs or
panicles. Leaves ternatcly decompound Thalictrum (p. 268).
Leaves simple, palmate Trautvetteria (p. 269).
Petals present.
Akenes numerous on an elongate receptacle;
flowers solitary on scapes ; leaves entire. . . Myosurus (p. 269).
Akenes in a globose or oblong cluster.
Flowers white; akenes transversely wrin-
kled Batraciiium (p. 270).
Flowers yellow; akenes not transversely
wrinkled R.\nunculus (p. 270).
Carpels with several ovules, in fruit follicles or berries.
Flowers regular.
Leaves simple, palmate.
Petals none; leaves cordate-orbicular Caltha (p. 277).
Petals linear-spatulate; leaves palmately parted. . Trollits (p. 277).
Leaves compound.
Sepals spurred AyuiLECiiA (p. 278).
Sepals not spurred.
Petals large; sepals persistent; flowers solitary . Paeonia (p. 278).
Petals small; sepals deciduous.
Carpels becoming berries; flowers in
Racemes Actaea ( p. 278 ).
Carpels becoming follicles.
Follicles stipitate; flowers solitary or
umbellate ; leaves coriaceous, ever-
green CoPTis (p. 278).
Follicles sessile; flowers racemose;
leaves membranous, deciduous — Cimicifuga (p. 278).
Flowers irregular.
Upper sepal spurred: petals 4 Delphinium (p. 279).
Upper sepal hood-like; petals 2 Aconitum (p. 282).
266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
CLEMATIS.
Erect herbs; leaves compound with narrow segments 1. C'. hirsutissima.
Halt-woody climbers.
Flowers large, blue, solitary.
Leaves ternate, the leaflets mostly entire 2.6'. colutnbiana.
Leaves biternate or nearly so ... 8. 6'. alpina occidentalis.
Flowers small, white, panicled.
Akenes pubescent with straight haii-s 4. C ligusticifolia.
Akenes pubescent with crinkly hairs 5. C. suksdorjii.
1. Clematis hirsutissima Pursh, Fl. 2: 38."). 1814. Sugar bowls.
Clematis douglasli Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:1. 1829.
Type locality: "On the plains of the Columbia River." Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to Montana, Oregon, and New Mexico.
Specimens e.xa.mined: Waterville, Whited I2l\; Spokane County, Suksdotf 229; Hang-
man Creek, Sandberg d:. Leiherg 14; Pullman, Piper 1450.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The leaves of this plant taste like strychnine, and Geyer gives an account of the way
the Nez Perce Indians used it to stimulate fagged liorses by rubbing it in their nostrils.
2. Clematis Columbiana (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 11. 1838.
Airagene colurnbiana Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 7. 1834.
Clematis verticillaris colurnbiana Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 8. 1895.
? Atragene grosseserrafa Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 156. 1902.
Type locality: "Flathead River." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to Utah.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Mount Carlton, Kreager 287,
291; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
3. Clematis alpina occidentalis (Hornern.) Gray in Powell, Geol. Surv. Dakota 531.
1880.
Atragene occidentalis Ilornem. Hort. Havn. 520. 1813.
Clematis pseudoatragene pseudoalpina Kuntze, Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 26: 160. 1884.
Type locality: Unknown.
Range: Washington to Dakota and New Mexico.
SpecI.mens examined: Upper Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 1095; Swank Creek Moun-
tains, Brandegee 600; Cowlitz Pass, Tweedy in 1882.
Doctor Rydberg « maintains that Hornemann's name belongs to the plant usually called
Clematis verticillaris colurnbiana, and therefore takes^up Kuntze's name in the combination
Atragene pseudoalpina for the above species.
4. Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 9. 1838.
Clematis ligustifolia brerifol'ia. Nutt. loc. cit.
Clematis brevifolia Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 8. 1897.
Type locality: "Plains of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, iSwA-s(/o?/ 1954, ^ghevi Springs, Sandberg
& Leiberg 386; North Yakima, Wait, August, 1895; Henderson, October, 1892; Parker,
Dunn, August 8, 1901; Wenache, Whited 175, 1333; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892;
Wawawai, Piper 1455; Wilson Creek, Lake cfc Hull 408; Spokane County, Suksdorf 2338;
Pullman, Elmer 291 : without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 122; Pros.ser,
Cotton 623.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran, occasionally Arid Transition.
a Bull. Torr. Club 29: 1.55. 1902.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 267
5. Clematis suksdorfii Robinson in Grtw, S^-n. Fl. 1: 4. 1S95.
Type locality: Klickitat River, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
RAN(iE: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, (SivlsJor/ in 1881.
Clematis gkaveolens Lindi., an Asiatic species, has been collected by Leckerdiy near
Zillali as a garden escape.
ANEMONE.
Akenes densely woolly.
Leaves hairy, the lobes linear 1. ^4. huflsoniana.
Leaves glabrate, tlie lobes usually cuneate 2. A. dniimnondri.
Akenes not wooll}'.
Involucral leaves simple 3. ^4. diltoidea.
Involucral leaves 3 to .5-foliolate.
Flowers 8 to 12 mm. in diameter, white 4. ,4. h/(tJ/ii.
Flowers 20 to 35 mm. in diameter.
Sepals blue 5. ^4. ore(jana.
Sepals white 6. A. quinqnefolla.
1. Anemone hudsoniana (DC.) Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 741. 1823.
Anemone muUijida hudsoniana DC. Syst. 1: 209. 1818.
Type locality: "Ad sinum Hudsonianum."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Arizona, Nebraska, and Maine.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1S89; Elmer 2678; Flelt 121 ; Goat
Mountain, Allen 2.50; Columbia River, Douglas in 1830; Loomis, Elmer 566.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Anemone drummondii S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 424. 1880.
Anemone haldensis L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 5. 1829.
Ty'pe locality: Sierra County, California.
Range: British Columbia and Alljerta to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2007; Flett 131; Mount Adams, Suks-
dorf, July 11, 1886; Flett 1268; Mount Rainier, Flett 2171.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Anemone deltoidea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 6. 1829.
Type locality : " In thick shady woods of the Columbia, near its confluence with the sea."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: In the coast region, Washington to north California.
Specimens exmained: Ro\', ^4//en. 81; upper Nisqually Valley, ^l^fe/i 18; Olympm, Hen-
derson, May, 1892; Skamania County, S ulcsd or f 2341; Lower Cascades, SulsdorJ] May 29,
1886; Vancouver, Piper 4947; Cape Horn, Piper 5005; Eatonville, Flett 2214.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
4. Anemone lyallii Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 227. 1891.
Anemone quinquefolia hjcdlii Robinson in Gra}^, Syn. Fl. 1: 13. 1895.
Type locality: Sumas woods. Lower Fraser River, British Columbia. Collected by
Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon, west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2675; Olympic Mountains, Henderson
2046; Silverton, Bouck 11a; Klickitat River, Flett 1273; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf mi;
McNeils Island, Flett 54; Roslyn, WTiited 299; Spokane County, Sulsdorfl^^.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Transition.
5. Anemone oregana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 308. 1887.
Anemone quinquefolia oregana Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 13. 1895.
Type locality: Hood River, Oregon. Collected by Mrs. Barratt.
268 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Wasliington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Siihsdorf; Skamania County, SuJcsdrof 2;
Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf, May 9, 1886; Stampede Pass, Henderson in 1892; Roslyn, Whited
298; Blue Mountains, Horner 50; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
6. Anemone quinquefolia L. Sp. PI. 1: .541. 1753.
Anemone piperi Britton, Bull. Torr. Cliil) 29: 153. 1902.
Type locality: Virginia.
Range: British Columbia to Now Brunswick, south to Oregon and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Mount Adams, Hender-
son 4; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; foothills of Blue Mountains. Horner 51; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 228, 253; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 393: Granville, Conard 361; Mount Baldy,
Canard 263.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
The western form of A. quinquefolia L. is considered by Doctor Britton a distinct species,
but the apparent differences are very slight. Our plant has been referred to as A. trifolia L.,
and it is the basis of the "A. tetonensis Porter?" in Suksdorf's hst. Horner's 51 has dark
purple flowers and may be distinct.
Anemone narcissiflora L. is accredited to Washington by Torrey upon specimens col-
lected at Port Discovery by the Wilkes expedition. The specimen in tlie National Herbarium
is very young but it is not an Anemone. Apparently it is a Ranunculus, possibly an unusual
form of R. occidentalis Nutt.
PULSATILLA.
1. Pulsatilla occidentalis (S. Wats.) Fre3^n, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 8: 78. 1890.
Anemone occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 121. 1876.
Anemone alpina L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 5. 1829.
Type locality: "In the mountains from British Columbia iiouthward to Mount Shasta
and Lassen's Peak."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Ehner 2626; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2006; Allen 98: Nason Creek, Sandbery d- Leihery 654:
Entiat Creek, Mrs. Howe; Horseshoe Basin, Lake ci' Hull 407; Bridge Creek, Elmer 694;
above Lake Chelan, T. E. Wilcox in 1883.
Zonal dlstribution: Arctic.
THALICTRUM. Meadow rue.
Akenes compressed, 2-edged.
Leaflets thin; inflorescence loose 1. T. occidentale.
Leaflets rather thick, veiny; inflorescence narrow, close 2. T. venulosum.
Akenes terete; leaves usually glandular 3. T. purpurascens.
1. Thalictrum occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 372. 1872.
ThaHe'niiiL dioicu/it o.rycarjiuin Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 212. 1874.
Type locality: Vancouver Island. Collected by Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick and Maine, south to California and \\'yoming.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2668; Goat Mountain, Allen 247; Silver-
ton, Bouck\; Skamania County, ^uisdor/ 2339; Simcoe Mountains, /?oweZ/ 307; Wenache,
Whited 8; Stevens Pass, Sandbery c& Leibery 788; Horseshoe Basin, Lake c£' Hull 405: Pend
Oreille Rivev, Lyall in 1861; Mount Rainier, Piper 2022; Spokane, //en.(?e"s?), June, 1893;
Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Palousc City, Henderson, July 1892; Blue Mountains,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 269
Piper, 'luly, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1467, .Tiino, 1893; without locality, Brandeijee 601;
witlioul locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
In Hooker's Flora our species was referred to T. dioiciim L.
2. Thalictrum venulosuni Treloa.se, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 23: 302. 1886.
Type locality: "British America, Washington Territory, Wyoming, and Colorado."
Range: British Columbia to south Dakota, Colorado, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Upper Wenas Rivei', Henderson, June, 1892; Rock Lake, Sand-
berg d' Leiherfj 113; Loomis, Elwer 599; Pullman, Lake dfc Hull 404; Piper 1467.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Thalictrum purpurascens L. Sp. PI. 1: 546. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada."
Range: Saskatchewan to Canada, Florida, Arizona, and Washington.
Specimens examined: Box Canyon, Kr eager 377.
Thalictrum polycarpum Wats. This species appears in Suksdorf's list, but no good
evidence exists of its occurrence in Washington.
TRAUTVETTERIA.
1. Trautvetteria grandis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 37. 1838.
Type locality: "Shady woods of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and northern California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, £'//A/e/' 2676; ChehalisCounty, Z/am&1198; Moimt
Rainiei', Piper, August, 1895; Flett 295; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 17; Mount Adams,
S iiksdorf 49i; Cascade Mountains near Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July, 1892; Stevens
Pass, WJiited 1467; Nason Creek, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 692; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 257, 197.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
MYOSURUS. Mouse tail.
Carpels prominently beaked; spikes 2 to 6 cm. long 1. M. apetahis.
Carpels obscurel\' beaked; spikes elongate.
Spikes very slender, 10 to 50 cm. long; seeds oblong la. M. apetalus lepturus.
Spikes stouter and shorter; seeds oval.
Salt-marsh plant, mainly maritime 3. M. major.
Not of salt marshes 2. M. /lUiu/iiUa.
1. Myosurus apetalus Gay, Fl. Chil. 1: 31. /)/. /. 1845.
Myosiirns aristatus Benth; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 4.58 bis. 1847.
Type locality: "Provincia de Coquimbo." Chile.
Range: British Columbia to Arizona and California. Chile. New Zealand.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sviksdorf492; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20,
1897; Pasco, Hindshaw 32; Sprague, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 136; Rockland, Siiksdorf 834; St.
Johns, Piper 2796; Almota, Pijier 2789; Pullman, Piper 1355; Waitsburg, Horner 182.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
la. Myosurus apetalus lepturus A. Gray, Bull. Torr. Club 13: 2. 1886.
Myosurus teneUus Greene, Pittonia 3:. 258.' 1898.
Myosurus tenellus amphioxys Greene, loc. cit.
Type locality: California.
Range: British Columbia to Califoma and Utali.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat Coun'y, Siiksdoif 2343; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf
270 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBAEIUM.
2346,493; Mabton, Cohort 321; Rockland, SwA-sf/or/ 1959; Rock Creek, Piper 2790; Coulee
City, Piper 3875; Rock Lake, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 112; Spokane, Piper 2283; Plangman
Creek, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 3; Waverly, Suksdorf, 2342; Pullman, Elmer 184; Piper 1459.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Myosurus minimus L. Sp. PI. 1: 284. 17.53.
Type locality: Eluropean.
Range: Washington and California to Illinois and Florida. Europe.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sul'sdorf23H.
3. Myosurus major Greene, Pittonia, 3: 257. 1898.
Type locality: Siskyou County, California.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 11; Clallam County, Elmer 2674; Stuart
Island, Lawrence 77.
Zonal ulstribution : Humid Transition.
BATRACHIUM.
1. Batrachium aquatile (L.) Wimm. Fl. Schles. 8. 1841. Water crowfoot.
Ranunculus aquatilis L. Sp. PI. 1: 5.56. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to California. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Oyhni, Lamb 1261; Tacoma, LocJcenby, May, 1898; Fleii, May 9,
1895; White Salmon, SuJcsdorf; Rock Creek, Sandberg dc Leiberg 90: Walia Walla region,
Brandegee 606; Pullman, Elmer 841; Hull 409; Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 1960.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Canadian.
la. Batrachium aquatile pantothrix (Brot.).
Ranunculus pantothru: Brot. Fl. Lusit. 3: 375. 1804.
Ranunculus aquaiilis tnchophyllus A. Gray, Man ed. 5, 40. 1867.
Ranunculus tnchophyllus Chaix.; Vill. Fl. Dauph. 1: 335. 1786, nom. nud.
Type locality: "Circa Conimbricam" in Lusitania.
Range: Alaska to Xova Scotia, south to California and Tennessee. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Parker, 'Dunn, August 8, 1901; Cascade ^fountains to CoWxWe , Lyall in
1860; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg tfc Leiberg 265; Harrington, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
220; Marshall Junction, Piper; Box Canyon, Kreager 395; Chewelah, .S'reaf/er 528; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in 1861 ; Pullman, Hull 410.
The form in flowing streams usually has longer and more flaccid leaf-segments. It is
Ranunculus faccidus Pers. or Batrachium faccidum (Pers.) Rupr. and is probably worthy
of recognition as a subspecies.
lb. Batrachium aquatile caespitosum (DC.)
Ranunculus aquatilis caespitosus DC. Prod. 1: 26. 1824.
Type locality: None given.
Range: Same as of B. aquatile.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Piper 2633, 2943; Waitsburg, Horner 41.
RANUNCULUS. Buttercup.
Plants aquatic or subaquatic; leaves hiiely dissected when
submersed, less so when aerial.
Akenes corky margined; flowers 15 to 25 mm. broad. 1. R. delphinifolius.
Akenes marginless; flowers 7 to 15 mm. broad 2. R. purshii.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 271
Plants terrcstial but often growing in very wet places; leaves
never finely dissected.
Akenes thin-walled, the faces nerved; leaves crenate; plant
spreading by runners '. 22. R. ci/niJialarin.
Akenes not thin-walled nor nerved.
Leaves entire or nearly so.
Stems creeping, rooting from the nodes.
Leaves lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm. long 3. R. ilamim/ld nnnhiscJi-
ensis.
Leaves linear-spatulate, ^ to 2 cm. long 3a. R. farninida reptans.
Stems erect, not rooting from the nodes.
Plants 30 to 60 cm. high ; leaves lanceolate or
oblong 4. R. aJi'^maefoKua.
Plants 10 to 25 cm. high.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate 4ii. R. aUsiuaefolius alis-
melbts.
Leaves cordate or subcordate 6. i?. popiilago.
Leaves or some of them lobed or divided.
Facesof the akenes scabrous ormuriculate ; amuials.
Pubescent; akenes hispid with hooked hairs. . 20. R. liehrcarpux.
Nearly glabrous; akenes minutely spiny '2\. R. muriaitus.
Faces of the akenes smooth or merely pilose;
mostly perennials.
Herbage glabrous or nearly so; low species.
Basal leaves 2 to 4 toothed or lobed, rarely
entire; cauline 3-cleft or 3-parted 1 . R. (jlaherrinms.
Basal and cauline leaves all divided.
Annual; leaves 3 to .5-lobcd or parted, the
lobes crenately incised or cleft ; akenes
apiculate 9. /2. sciieratus.
Perennials.
Leaves triternately divided, the seg-
ments linear or linear-spatulate. ... 8. R. trlternatus.
Leaves roundish in outline 3 to .'i-cleft
into cuneate divisions; alpine
plants.
Head of akenes globose ; petals large,
showy 10.7?. suJcsdoiJii.
Head of akenes oblong.
Leaves pubescent; mosth' crenate
or lobed 5. 7?. cardlophi/llus.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; deep-
ly cleft.
Style straight; leaves ciliate, not
cordate 11.7?. eschscholfzii.
Style recurved; leaves cordate,
not ciliate 12. 7?. verecundus.
Herbage pubescent or hirsute; mostly tall
and coarse species.
Beaks of the akenes hooked at tip.
Petals showy; pubescence villous 14. 7?. occulenialis.
Petals very small, pale; pubescence
hii-sute.
Akenes smooth 13. 7?. bongardii.
Akenes hispid on the faces 13a. 7?. bongardii greenei.
272 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Beaks of the akenos not liookcd at tip.
Akenes with a short beak.
Plants decumbent, creeping by
stolons; petals showy ...... 17. i?. repens.
Plants erect or ascending, not
. stoloniferous.
Headof akenes oblong; petals
not longer than the sepals. . 15. B. pennsylranicus.
Head of akenes globose ; petals
longer than the sepals.
Herbage smooth or but lit-
tle hirsute 16. Z?. ore.f/ami.s.
Herbage very hirsute 16a. E . oreganus rnacounii
Akenes with a long beak.
Leaf segments rathersmall, linear
to cuneate-obovate, and 2 or
3-lobed or toothed IH. R. orihorhyiichus.
Leaf segments large, 2 to 6 cm.
long, oblong to ovate, cleft and
incise 19. R. pJatuphyllns.
1. Ranunculus delphinifolius Torr. in Eaton, Man. ed. 2. 395. 1S18.
RaniincnIuK nmUlJidns Pursh, Fl. 2: 736. 1814, not Forst. 1775.
Type locality': None given.
Range: British Columbia to Canada, south to California and North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiherg 82; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2Md,; Cheney, Mrs. Tucker 83.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
la. Ranunculus delphinifolius terrestris (A. Gray).
Ranunculus multlfidus terrestris A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 41. 1872.
Type locality : Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Range: Same as of the species.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf.
2. Ranunculus purshii Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 741. 1823.
Ranunculus iunosus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 20. 1838.
Type locality: "Wooded country from latitude 54° to 64° north."
Range: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, New Mexico, and Michigan.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Whatcom
County, Gardner 401; Eliensburg, Whited 645; Lincoln County, Henderson 2369; near
Sprague, Sandberg <& Leiherg 209 : Box Canyon, Kreager 394; Mission, £'rea^er 494; Valley,
Beattie cfc Chapman 2161.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Ranunculus flammula unalaschensis (Bess.) Ledeb. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 342;
41. 1861.
Ranunculus unalaschensis Bess, in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 32. 1841, as synonym.
Ranunculus fiammula intermedius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:11. 1829.
Ranuncidus intermedius Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 580. 1898, not Poir. 1804.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Range: California to Newfoundland and northward.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2620; Montesano, Heller 3927; Seattle,
Piper, July 2, 1896; Coupeville, Gardner 5; Silverton, Bouck 4; Tacoma, Flett 883, 34;
Manor, Piper; Roslyn, Whited 471; east base Mount Adams, Cooper; Toppenish, Hen-
derson; Pend Oreille River, Lyall; Spokane, Piper 2635; Pullman, Hull 415; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Usk, Kreager 364.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 273
3a. Ranunculus flammula reptans (L.) Schlccht.: K. Mcyi-r, PI. Lain-. !X5. 1830.
Ranunculus reptans L. Sp. PI.- 1: 549. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Siiccia, Russia, ad ripas laciium."
Range: Alasiia to Hudson Bay and south to California, Colorado, and Pennsylvania.
Speclmens examined: Oyhut, Lamb 1252; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall;
Fidalgo Island, FJeft 2114; Chelan, Elmer 490; Lake Chelan, Lalce, August 13, 1S92; Lake
Kalispel, Kreager 319.
4. Ranunculus alismaefolius Geyer; Benth. PI. Hartw. 295. 1S48.
Type locality: "In uliginosis (Bear Valley) inoiitium Sacranienti."
Range: British Columl)ia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf; Pulliuun, Elmer S17; Pljxr KGl;
Hull 776.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Geyer's original specimens were from the " plains of Coeur d"AleitK>," Idaho, but tlie
species was first described as above. Dr. E. L. Greene (E:yt!iea 3: 45. 1895) considers
the Rocky Mountain plant distinct from the Californian and names it R. calihaeforus.
4a. Ranunculus alismaefolius alismellus A.Gray, Proc Am. Acad. 7: 327. 1868.
Ranunculus alismellus Greene, Fl. Fran. 297. 1892.
Type locality: "Lake Tenaya and on Mt. Dana," California.
Range: Washington to Wj'oming and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Suhsdorf 495;
Hou-ell; Falcon Valley, SuTcsdorf, June 6, 1886; Klickitat River, Fleit 1271; Upper Yakima,
Brandegee; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1183.
Zonal distribution: Hud.sonian.
5. Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:14. pi. 5. 1829.
Ranunculus affinis lasiococcus Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 213. 1874.
Ty-pe locality: "From Canada to lat. 55°." Collected by Richardson.
Range: British Columbia to Assiniboia and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane to Fort Colville, Wilkes
Expedition.
6. Ranunculus populago Greene, Erythea 3: 19. 1895 (February).
Ranunculus cusicl-ii Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 615. 1895.
• Type locality: Eagle Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon.
Si'ECiMENS examined: Blue ^fountains, Horner 269.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
7. Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 12. 1829.
Type locality: "Common on the mountains around the Kettle Falls, and on the Rocky
Mountains near the limits of perpetual snow." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Dakota, Colorado, and California.
Specimens e.xamined: Atanum River, Flett 1266; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 307:
Klickitat County, Suhsdorf 232; Ellensburg, Whited, March 28, 1897; Hangman Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg 8; without locality, Brandegee 611; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson in
1884; Colville, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Elmer 85; Piper 1462; Cheney, Tucher.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8. Ranunculus tritematus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 370. 1886.
Type locality: "On high hills near Goldendale," Klickitat County, Wasiiington. Col-
lected by Howell.
Range: Klickitat County, Washington.
29418— OG M IS
274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Near Goldeudalo, Hoirell, April 20, 1S82; Klickitat Hills, Gor-
man, April, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
9. Ranunculus sceleratus L. Sp. PI. 1: 551. 1753.
Ranunculus eremogenes Greene, Erythea 4: 121. 1896.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, Arizona, Kansas, and Florida. Asia.
Europe.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Piper; Fairhaven, Henderson, July 2, 1892;
Rock Creek, Piper 2793 ; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandbery cfc Leiherej 285; Whidliy
Island, Gardner 4; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Alma, Elmer 547; Coulee City,
LaTce & Bull 413; Meyei's Falls, Kreager; Stuait Island, Lawrence 152.
Zonaj. distribution: Transition.
10. Ranunculus suksdorfii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 371. 1886.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington, in damp ground at 6,000 to 7,000 feet
altitude. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 1846; Mount Rainier, Allen 97;
Piper 2005; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 234 , 628; Stevens Pass, Sandberg c& Leiberg 766.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
11. Ranunculus eschsholtzii Schlect. Ranunc. 2: 16. 1820.
Type locality: "llab. in insulis Unalaschka et St. Georgii." Collected by Chamisso.
Range: Alaska to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 200\; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1361; Cas-
cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 609; Elmer 1215;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 92; Horseshoe Basin, Lake <£• Hull 775; Stevens Tass, Sandberg
d' Leiberg 769.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
12. Ranunculus verecundus Robinson, sp. nov.
Herba parva perennis ^ dm. alta; radice e fibris numerosis fuscis longis baud incrassatis
composita; caudice erecto a basibus pctiolorum latiusculis pallidis submembranaceis dcinde
in fibris dissolutis amplccto; caulibus J suberectis vel valde nutantibus vel ctiam procum-
bentibus sacpius semel ramosis; foliis radicalibus paucis vel saepius sate numerosis, limbo
reniformi vel suborbiculari conspicue cordato tripartito 2-2.5 cm. lato utrincjue glabro,
segmentis 3-5-lobatis vel profunde crenatis, lobis oblongis obtusis vel rotundatis, petiolo
2-4 cm. longo glabrt) vel sparse villosulo basi membranaceo-expanso; foliis caulinis 1-3
distantibus breviter petiolatis fere ad l)asin 3-5-partitis, segmentis lineari-oblongis vel
angustissime ellipticis; pedunculis teretibus glabris 3-7 cm. longis; sepalis 5 concavis
sul)orl)icularibus purpurascentibus dorso pubescentibus apice rotundatis margine palles-
contibus 2-4 mm. longis; petalis obovatis sepala aequantibus vel vix supeiantibus fiavis
scd in specimine exsiccato albcscentibus venosis persistentibus; staminibus numerosis,
anlheris fiavibus quam filamenta filiformia brevioribus; achaeniis numerosis in capitulo
ovoideo vel breviter cylindrico congestis glabris a latere compressis 1.8 mm. longis obo-
voideis apice stylo brevi recurvato coronatis; receptaculo ellipsoideo vel subcylindrico
foveolato albescenti praeter apicem villosulum glaberrimo.
Washington: Wet gravelly places. Mount Paddo (Adams), altitude 1,850-2,150 meters,
July 31, 1883, W. N. Suksdorf 93 (type, in Hb. Gray); same locality and collector, August
30, 1904; rocky ridges and ledges, Mount Rainier, altitude 2,300 meters, J. B. Flett 2177.
Montana: Little Belt Mountains, altitude 2,600 meters, F. L. Scribner, August 12, 1883,
4 (Hb. Gray).
From its nearest allies, this species may be distinguished as follows: From A', esc.h-
scholtzii Schlecht. it did'ers in its decidedly cordate scarcely or not at all ciliate leaves, and
PIPER FL(H^A OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 275
Jari^cr iichenos with relatively shorter strongly rocurved style. From R. pcdatifidus J. E.
8in. {R. affijiis K. Br.) it difl'crs in its glabrous achenes and less deeply and narrowly cleft
foliage. From R. alpeophilus A. Nelson it may be distinguished by its cordate leaves and
by the fact that the receptacle is villous only at the tip. Finally from R. allenii Robinson,
a plant of Labrador which in many wa3's it rather closely simulates, it differs in its cordate
leaves and somewliat larger aclicnes.
13. Ranunculus bongardi Greene, Erythea 3: ."54. 1895.
Ranunculus tenellus Nutt.; Torr &. Gr. Fl. 1: 23. 1838, not Viviani 1831,
Ranunculus Jielsonii tenellus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 374. 1872.
Ranunculus occldentalis tenellus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21 : 373. 1886
Ranunculus bongardi tenellus Greene, Erythea 3 : 54. 1895.
Ranunculus douglasii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1 : 18. 1897.
Ranunculus arcuatus Ileller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 310. 1897.
Ranunculiis Ixnif/ardii douglasii Davis, Minn. Bot. Stud. 2: 479. 1900.
Type LOCALrrv: "Shady woods of the Oregon and Waldainet Rivers." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Alaska to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Clallam Gt)unty, Elmer 2672, 2679; Admiralty Head, Piper,
April, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 38; Silverton, Bouck 52a; west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf,
May 20, 1886; Klickitat River, Flett 1272: Roslyn, Whited 409; Rock Creek, Sandherg &
Leiberg 95; Spokane, I>ewar«, May 3, 1901; Pullman, AVwer 847; Hull All \ Pi per, Miiy 31,
1894; Waitsburg, /Zorner 43.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
This and the following were erroneously refcri'ed in older woi'ks to R. recurvutus Poir.
13a. Ranunculus bongardi greenei (Howell).
Ranunculus greenei Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: IS. 1S97.
Ranunculus occidentaUs hjalli A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21 : 373. 1886, not R. h/alli Hook,
f. 1864.
Ranunculus tenellus lyalli Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 33. 1895.
'^Ranunculus occidentaUs panriflorus Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 214. 1874.
TSpe locality: Pend Oreille River, Idaho or Washington, near latitude 49°. Collected
by Lyall.
Range: Alaska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Lake Washington, SuJcsdorf 951; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Port Ludlow^ Binns: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Silverton,
BoucJc 52; Hoquiam, Lamb 1029, 1071; Seattle, Piper 223; Niscjually Valley, Allen 62,
Piper, July 30, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 39; Roy, Brodie, June, 1901; Olympia, Henderson
2372; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf: Pend Oreille River, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1861; Clarks
Springs, Kreager 58; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Horner 45.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
14. Ranunculus occldentalis Nutt.; Tocr. & Gr. FL 1: 22. 1838.
Ranunculus tenuipes Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 50. 1904.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon River, near woods." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Near Montesano, ffe??er 3935; Humptulips, Low/^ 1186; Whidby
Island, Gardner 3; Tacoma, Flett 20; west Klickitat County , Suksdorf ; Vancouver, Piper
4947.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
15. Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f. Suppl. 272. 1781.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Arizona and Georgia.
276 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Gardner; Puyallup, Piper, August 26, 1897;
Alma, Elmer 542; Fort Colville, Geyer 580; McCloud Lake, Suksdorf 2213.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
16. Ranunculus oreganus (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 19. 1897.
Ranunculus hispldus oregana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 376. 1886.
Ranunculus rnacounii oreganus Davis, Minn. Bot. Stud. 2: 469. 1900.
Ranunculus nitidus Ell. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 20. 1829.
Type locality: "Shady and wet grounds, Oregon, on the Columbia."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Near Montesano, 77eZ/e/' 38-50; Klickitat Count}^ SuJcsdoif23S,
May 20, 1886.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
16a. Ranunculus oreganus macounii (Britton).
Ranunculus macounn Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12: 3. 1892.
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 19. 1830.
Type locality: "Banks of rivers from Canada to near the mouth of the Mackenzie
River, lat. 67°; and from the shores of Hudson's Bay to the Pacific."
Range: British Columltia to Canada, southward in the mountains to New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf, June 26, 1886; Cheney, Tucker 43;
Spi'ague, Sandherg & Lelherg 152; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Ellensburg, WJntcd
475; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Marshall Junction, Pi>r 2261; Pullman, Pt/^er 3.526;
Waitsburg, Horner 42; Loon Lake, Beattie tf- Chapuian 20G6.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
17. Ranunculus repens L. Sp. PI. 1: 554. 17.53.
TSpe locality: European.
Specimens examined: Black River Junction, PZ/x/-.
18- Ranunculus orthorhynchus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 21. 1829.
Ty'PE locality: "Not unfref|uent on the low points of land near rivers, in Noith-West
America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in tlie coast region.
Specimens examined: New London, La/;/ 6 1202; Wliidljy Island, 6'ffl/(7/i«' 1, 8; Seattle,
Piper 1126; Tacoma, Flett, May 5, 1895; Falcon X'Ahy' Suksdorf, June 26, 1886; Manor,
Piper, July 14, 1899.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
19. Ranunculus platyphyllus (A. Gray).
Ranunculus oiihorhynchus platyphyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 377. 1886.
Ranunculus maximus Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 14 : 118. 1887.
Ty'pe locality: "In wet places, Wasatcii Mountains and Idaho to E. Oregon and Cali-
fornia south to Marin County."
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens exa.mined: Klickitat County, Suksdoif; Klickitat River, Flett 1270; Pull-
man, Piper 1463; Elmer 838; Bull 414.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
All Washington references to Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. rcall}^ refer to E. platy-
phyllus.
20. Ranunculus hebecarpus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 316. 1840.
Ranunculus hebecarpus pusillus Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 9. 1876.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdmf 228; Wawawai, Elmer 75; Piper 3821.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
PIPER FLORA OF TEIE STATE OF WASF.INGTON. 2ll
21. Ranunculus muricatus L. ,Sp. PI. 1: Soo. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens ex.\mined: Seattle. Piper in 188.5.
22. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh, Fl. 2: .392. 1814.
Type locality: "In saline marshes near the salt works of Onondaga, New York."
Range: Alaska to California and New Jersey. Central and South America. Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns: Yakima,
Leckenhy, May 9, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 414; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillirian, May, 1896; Sprao;iie,
Sandberff tC- Leiberg 135; Prosscr, Cotton 653.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
CALTHA.
Flowers yellow; stems decumbent 1.6'. asarifolia.
Flowers white; stems erect.
Leaves reniform-orbicular, crenate 2. C. hijtora.
Leaves cordate, longer than broad 3. C. leptosepala.
1. Caltha asarifolia DC. Syst. 1: 309. 1823. Marsh marigold.
Type locality: "Ilab. in insula Ounalaschka una ex ins. Aleiiterianis."
Range; Alaska to Oregon along the coast.
Specimens examined: Oranville, Conard .367.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
This seems fairly distinct from the eastern C. paliistrifi L.
2. Caltha biflora DC. Syst. 1: 310. 1818.
('(i/flia inalracca Greene, Pittonia 4: 75. 1899.
Type locality: '"In ora Occident ali Ameiicae borealis in continente prope insulam
Banksii." Collected by Menzies.
Range; Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2780; Mount
Adams, Sy]csdorf496\ Yakima Pass, Watson 16; witliout locality, ]'(iseij in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Caltha leptosepala DC. Syst. 1: 310. 1818.
Caltha rnacounii, Greene, Pittonia 4: 77. 1899.
Caltha howellii Greene, op. cit. 79.
Type locality: Prince Williams Sound, Alaska. Collected l)y Menzies.
Range; Alaska to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Li/all; Mount Rainier, Piper
2001, Flett 251 ; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 74; Cascade Mountains, Ilenderson, August, 1892;
Goat Mountain, Allen 147; Horseshoe Basin, Lalce & Hull 406; Elmer 731.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
TROLLIUS.
1. TroUius laxus Salish. Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 303. 1807. Globe flower.
Trolliuf: laxus alhiflortis A. (iray. Am. Journ. Sci. IL 33: 241. 1862.
Type locality: " Prope Lancaster in Pennsylvania."
. Range: British Columbia to New Hampshire, south to Washington, I'tah, and Delaware.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, FZe/? 96; Elnwr 2668: Piper, August, 1895;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49,° Lyall in 1860; Wenache, Elmer 439; without locality,
Vaseij \n 1889; Wenache Mountains, Co//on 1241.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
278 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ACTAEA.
1. Actaea spicata arguta (Nutt.) Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 63. 1856. Baneberry.
Actaea argutaN ntt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:35. 1838.
Actaea eburnea Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 153. 1900.
Type locality: ' ' Woods of the Oregon and its tributary streams." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Alaska to Montana, California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2664; Seattle, Piper, July, 1S95: Silver-
ton, Bouck 5; Lakeview, flenJerson, July 1892; without \ovit\\tj , Brandegee 617; without
locality, Vaseij 164; Lake Chelan, Lake (& Hull 416; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; without
locality, //enrferson, June, 1892; Blue Mountains, //oz/ur 270; Clarks Springs, A'refl^f/' 127;
Mount Carlton, Kreager 292, 297.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
The fruit of this species is usually scarlet, but white-berried forms occur, distinguishable
by no other character.
COPTIS. Goldthread.
Leaflets large, 5 to 8 cm. long, ob,scurely 3-lobed 1. C. occidentalis.
Leaflets smaller, 3-parted and incised 2. C. laciniata.
1. Coptis occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:28. 1838.
Chrysocoptis occidentalis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 8. 1834.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains in North Idaho or West Montana. Collected by
Wyeth.
Range: Idaho and adjacent Washington.
Specimens examined: Pend Oreille River, Li/all in 1861; lone, K reager 4i)l ; Newport,
Piper 4213.
Zonal distribution : Canadian and Arid TransilioiL
2. Coptis laciniata A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 297. 1887
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Range: Washington to northern California.
Specimens examined: Wind River, Flett 1297.
CIMICIFTJGA.
1. Cimicifuga elata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 36. 1838.
Type locality: "Shady woods of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2662; Nhishel Mountain, Piptr in 1888;
Skamania County, Suksdorf 1990; near Vancouver, Piper 3502.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
PAEONIA.
1. Paeonia broAvnii Dough; Hook. F\. Bor. Am. 1:27. 1829.
Type locality: "Near the confines of perpetual snow on the subalpine range of Mount
Hood," Oregon. Collected by Douglas in 1826.
Range: Washington to Utah and California.
Specimens examined: Columbia Valley, Lyail in 1860; Falcon Valley, SuksdorJ 329;
Peshastin, Sandberg <& Leiberg 497, Leavenworth, Savage 45; Blue Mountains, Piper 2424;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian or Canadian.
AQUILEGIA. Columbine.
Flowers scarlet and yellow 1. A. formosa.
Flowers wholly yellow 2. A. Jiavescens.
pjpp,R FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 279
1. Aquilegia formosa Fisch.; DO. Prod. 1:50. 1824.
Aquiliyia colnmlwinn Rydberg, Bull. Torr. (nul), 29: 14.5. 1902.
Type locality: " In Kamchatka."
Range: Alaska to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2G71; Montesano, Heller 3936; Hump-
tulips, Lamb 1180; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Goat Mountains, xillen 249;
S:iverton, Bouch 9; Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 385; without locality, Vasey
in 1889: Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Cold Creek, Cotton 395; Ellcnsburg, Ehner 409,
Whited 714; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1299; Gilberts Mining Claim, Whited 45, 153:
Horseshoe Basin, Lalce cfc Hull 403: Wilson Creek, LaJce cf; Hull, August, 1892; Wilbur,
Henderson, July, 1892: Fresh Lake, MeEay 2S; Loomis, Ehner in 1897: Blue Mountahis,
Piper, August, 1890; Lake cfc Hull, July, 1892.
This species has great altitudinal range occui-ring from sea level up to 1,800 meters alti-
tude. It also occurs in eastern Washington in the Upper Sonoran zone. Such plants are
usually finely puberulent throughout and perhaps constitute a good subspecies.
2. Aquilegia flavescens S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 10. 1871.
Type locality: "Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains, Utah; 5-7,000 feet altitude."
Range: British Columbia to Utah and Montana.
Specimens examined: Silverton, BoucJc 8; Swauk Creek, Brandegee 614; Wenache
Mountains, Elmer 446; Mount Baldy, Cotton 1702; Chewaukum, Whited 2533.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
So far as northwestern specimens are concerned ,1. flavescens is a mere subspecies of
A.formosa, all intergrades occurring between them. In .some places the two grow together
and then merge in all particulars.
DELPHINIUM. Larkspur.
Roots fasciculate, elongated, not tuberlike.
Pedicels usually shorter than the flowers and fiuit:
plants about 1 meter high.
Inflorescence densely short-villous; flowers
greenish 2. D. riridescens.
Inflorescence not villous; flowers blue.
Leaf divisions narrow ; whole plant puberu-
lent; flowers bright blue 1. T). scopulorurn s/achydeum.
Leaf divisions broad, glaucous beneath,
glabrous; flowers dull blue lb. D. scopulorurn glaucum.
Pedicels longer than the flowers and fruit: plants
30 to 60 cm. high.
Flowers blue; inflorescence not glandular 3. D. hicolor
Flowers ochroleucous; inflorescence glandular . 4. />. .rantholrucum.
Roots thickened, forming irregular tubers.
l^edicels ascending or spreading, longer than th(>
flowers and fruit.
Mature follicles widely recurving 5. D. menziesii.
Mature follicles contiguous or spreading only
at the tips.
Stems tall, leafy; leaf segments cleft into
narrow lobes; flowers 10 to 20 ^ .. . 6. D. columbianum.
Stems low, few leaved; leaves pedately
parted; flowers few 7. D. dcpaupcralum.
Pedicels erect or ascending, short, the inflorescence
spike-like 8. D. simplex.
280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Delphinium scopulorum stachydeum. A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12:52. 18S7.
Type locality: "Interior of Oregon. " Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington to New Me.xico and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whifed 1264.
la. Delphinium, scopulorum subalpinum A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: .52. IS87.
Ty'pe locality: " Headwaters of Clear Creek, Colorado."
Range: Blue Mountains to Colorado and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 267; Piper 2442.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
lb. Delphinium scopulorum glaucum A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: .52. 1S.S7.
Delphinium glaucum Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 427. 1880.
Type locality: "Big Tree Road," California. Collected 1)\' Brewer.
Range: Alaska to California.
Specimens e.xamined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2677: Mount
Rainier, Piper, Augu.st, 1888; Nisqually Valley, Allen 248: Yakima County, Brandeejee 615.
• Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
2. Delphinium viridescens Leiberg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 39. 1897.
Ty'PE locality: Near Peshastin, Washington.
Range: Chelan Couutj^, Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache Valley, Sandhenj tfc Leiherg 563; Leavenworth, Mlii/td
2556.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
3. Delphinium bicolor Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 10. 1834.
Delphinium glareo»um Greene, Pittonia 3: 257. 1896.
Delphinium bicolor glareosum Davis, Minn. Bot. Studies, 2: 439. 1900.
Type locality: "On dry hills, near Flathead or vSailish River, tcnvard the south sources
of the Columbia." Collected by Wyeth.
.Range: British Columbia to Utah and Montana.
Specimens examined: Goat Mountain, Allen 146; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August,
1895; Elmer 2665; Flett 81.
4. Delphinium xantholeucum sp. nov.
Perennial from thick elongate black roots 5 to 10 cm. long: stems 60 to 80 cm. high,
glabrous and glaucous up to the inflorescence; leaf blades orbicular in outline, thickish,
glabrous and glaucous, 2 to 8 cm. broad, parted nearly to the base into 5 cuncate segments,
these deeply 2 to 3-cleft into linear lobes; petioles glabrous and glaucous, 2 to 3 times as
long as the blades; bracts narrowly linear, or the lowest cuneate and 2 or 3-cleft; inflores-
cence viscid-pubescent, very loose, 15 to 40 cm. long; pedicels curved, spreading, the lower
5 cm. or more long; flowers pale yellow, the sepals greenish and viscid pubescent outside;
sepals and petals 10 to 12 mm. long, the stout straight spur 15 mm. long; lateral petals
white-bearded; filaments blue-veined; follicles 3, straight, erect, reticulate-veined, hairy,
10 to 15 mm. long; seeds dark-colored, the angles produced into white scarious wings.
Related to D. bicolor Nutt., but a larger plant, with constantly pale yellowLsh flowers,
and the whole inflorescence viscid-pubescent even to the pods.
Collected by Kirk Wliited at Wenache, Wash., May 14, 1899, in flower; May 24, 1899, in
fruit: also by G. R. Vasey in 1889, no locality indicated.
5. Delphinium menziesii DC. Syst. 1; 355. 1818.
Delphinium pauperculum Greene, Pittonia 1 : 284. 1889.
Type locality: "Hab. in Nova-Georgia." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 9; Drayton Harbor, Lyall, May 3, 1858;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Kickitat River, Flett 1269; Falcon Valley,
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. l2S]
Suksdorf, May 10, 1886; west Klickitat County, Suhsdorf, May 11, 1S8G; Mount Adams,
Suhsdorf, July 13, 1886; North Yakima, LecJcenby, April 18, 1898; Ellensburg, Piper, May
20, 1897, 2698; W/tlied 306; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane, Piper, May 16,
1896; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 27; Colfax, Henderson; Pullman, Elmer 221;
Piper 1457; Mount Carlton, TTrfflf/er 2.50; Seattle, Piper 217; Proaser, Cotton 583; Sunny-
side, Cotton 349.
Zonal distribution: Upper vSonoran and Transition.
6. Delphinium columbianum Greene, Erythea 2: 193. 1894.
Ddpliiuhnn nnttallil A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 51, .54. 1887, not D. iiuttaUiamnn I'rit/.el.
Tv'PE locality: "Along and near the C()luinl)ia River ahove The I)all(>s."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner; Clallam County, Elmer 2673; Montesano,
Heller 3879; Cape Horn, Piper 4967; Woodlawn, Henderson; Olympia, Kincaid; Muckle-
shoot Prairie,' Z)r. Ruhn; Fourth Plain, Piper 3071; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 4,
1886; Falcon Valley, Suhsdorf 326; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Clealum, Whited 402; with-
out locality, Howell; Blue Mountains, Piper 2443; Lewis River, cultivated at Pullman,
Piper .3818; Columbia River, Nuttall.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7. Delphinium depauperatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: .33. 1838.
Delphinium paucijlorum Nutt. loc. cit., not D. Don. 1803.
Delphinium nuttallianum Pritzel, in Walp. Rep. 2: 744. 1843.
Type locality: "In the .shade of pine woods in the Blue Mountains of the Oregon."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfr Leiberg 78.5; MouiU Carlton, Kreager
2.50.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
8. Delphinium simplex Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 25. 1829.
Type locality: "On the sul)alpine range west of the Rocky Momitains near the Coluin-
l)ia, plentiful." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 4 and 24, 1886; Khckitat
County, Howell, June, 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf -197 ; Ellensburg, Piper 2740; Whited
.523; Toppenish, Henderson 2374; Loomis, Ehner .594; Spangle, Suksdoif 235; Spokane, Piper
June 25, 1897; Spokane County, Suksdorf 720; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman,
Piper 3100, 1458; Hardurick in 189.5.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8a. Delphinium simplex distichiflorum Hook. Lond. .hMirn. Bot. 6: 67. 1847.
Delphinium distichum Geyer; Hook. op. cit. 68, as synonym.
Delphinium azureum Michx. err. det. Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 217. 1874.
Type locality: "Grassy stony borders of rivulets, high plains of Spokane and Nez
Percez."
Range: Idaho, Eastern Wa.shington, and Eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat Count}', Suksdorf, June 2,5, 1886; Klickitat River,
Suksdorf July 16, 1886; Glenwood, Flett 1267; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Tieton River,
Cotton 449; without locality, Hilgard in 1882; Big Meadows, Stevens County, Kreager
417..
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
282 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NAT[ONAL HERBARIUM.
ACONITUM.
1. Aconitum colunibianuni Xutt. ; Toir. l'-: Gr. Fl. 1: 34. 1838. Aconite.
Aconitum nasutum Fisch. evv. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 26. 1829.
Type locality: "Springy places on the Oregon below Walla Walla." Collected hy
Nuttall.
Rance: Britisli Columbia to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1860; Mount Stuart,
Sandhenj d; Leiherg 577; Wenaclie Mountains, Wkited 1177; Tieton River, Cotton 453; Sini-
coe Mountains, Hoiivll 305; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Sfeinwefj in 1894; Conconully, Whhcd
1310; Okanogan County, Wkited 224; without locality, Vai
soil." Collected by Lewis.
Range; British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.
Specimens examined; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Admiralty Head,
Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 73; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 135; Roy, Allen 98;
Klickitat River, Flett 1265; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; White Salmon, SuJcsdorf231\ Wenache
Mountains, Whited, July 4, 1900; Fort Colville, Lyall; Watson 24; Lake Chelan, Lake ct-
Hull 422; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; without locality. Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition, rarely Arid Transition.
Pursh 's actual type specimen now preserved in the Philadelphia Academy is certainly
the plant generally accepted under this name and not the same as B. repens Lindl. as has
been claimed. Lewis's specimens of this and of B. nervosa were collected at the Great
Rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia, in which vicinity B. repens seems not to occur.
PTPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 283
3. Berberis repens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: fl. 1176. 1828.
Type locality: A native of tlic north-western part of Xoith America." Originally col-
leeted by Lewis and Clark.
Range: British Columi)ia to California, Wyoming, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Wliiied 4234 ; Union Flat, Piper, April, 1897 ; Spokane,
Sandheiy <& Leibenj 73; Davis ranch, Kreager, July 21, 1902; Pullman, Beattie, May 7, 1902;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal di.stribution : Arid Transition.
VANCOUVERIA.
1. Vancouveria hexandra (Hook.) Morr. & Dec. Ann. Sci. Nat. 11. 2: 351. 1834.
Epimedium hexandra Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 30. 1830.
Type locality: "North-West coast of America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Chehalis County, Lamb 247; Nisqually River, Piper 2059; Allen
66; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; Lower Cascades, Suhsdorf, May 30, 1886; Fort Van-
couver, Dr. T. E. Wilcox, May, 1883; Manor, Piper, July 10, 1899: Cape Horn, Piper 5007;
Vancouver, Piper 4921.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
ACHLYS.
1. Achlys triphylla (Smith) DC. Syst. 2: 35. 1821. Vanilla leaf.
Leontice triphylla Smith, Rees' Cyel. 20: no. 5. 1812.
Type locality: "On the west coast of North America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to North California in the coast region.
wSpecimens examined: Clallam Coimty, Elmer 2757; Roy, Allen 95; upper Niscjually
Valley, Allen 64; Mason County, Kincaid, May, 1892; Marshfield, Henderson, June, 1892;
Tacoma, Flett 62; Olympia, 0. E. PelUm in 1879; White vSalmon, Sulisdorf 2^0; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PAPAVERACEAE. Poppy FA^mr.r.
Flowers regular.
Leaves alternate^ k)bed or dissected. '
Sepals united, funnel-shaped; stigmas not united Eschsciiolzia (p. 28.3).
Sepals free; stigmas united Papaver (p. 283).
Leaves opposite, entire; stigmas free Playstigm.v (p. 284).
Flowers irregular.
Outer petals both spurred or gibljous Bikukulla (p. 284).
Only one petal spuired Capnoides (p. 284).
ESCHSCHOLZIA.
1. Eschscholzia columbiaiia Cneene, Pittonia 6: 231. 1905.
Type locality: "Lower Columbia River in Washington." Collccled by Suksdorf.
Range: Lower Columbia Valley, Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf, said to be native.
The commonly cultivated E. ccdifornica Cham, is a frequent garden escape, and it is
probably such a plant that is recorded in Cooper's list as C'hryseis californica.
PAPAVER.
1. Papaver argemone L. Sp. PI. 1: .506. 17.53.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Dewart, May 20, 1901.
284 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM T^IE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
PLATYSTIGMA.
1. Platystigma oreganuni iXutt.) Benth. & Hook.; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 20.
1876.
Meconella oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 64. 1838.
Type locality: "Open plains of the Oregon near its confluence with the Wahhimet."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast legion.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 18; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Alki
Point, Piper 1098; Tacoma, Fleff 80; Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf in 1878.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
BIKUKULLA.
Inflorescence simple and racemiform.
Flowers nearly white; corolla divergently 2-spurred 1 . i?. cucullaria.
Flowers pink; corolla saccate at base 2. B. unijlora.
Inflorescence thyrsoid ; flowers pink ?,. B. formofia.
1. BikukuUa cucuUaria (L.) Millsp. Bull. W. Ya. Agr. Exp. Sta. 2: 327. 1892.
Dutchman's breeches.
Fuinaria cucuUaria L. Sp. PI. 2: 699. 17.53.
Diclytra cucullaria D(-. Syst. 2: 108. 1821.
BicucuUa occidentalis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Clul) 29: 160. 1902.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Canada."
Range: Washington and Oregon to Nova Scotia, southward to Missouri and North
Carolina.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdotf 1946; Almota, Piper 1876; Waits-
burg, Horner 118.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Bikukulla unifiora (Kellogg) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 34. 1897.
Dicentra unijlora Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 4: 141. 1870.
Type locality: "At Cisco and at the sunmiit of the Sierra Nevada iiiouiitains on the
line of the Central Pacific Railroad."
Range: Washington to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, SuksdorfS'ii): Fit ft 1264.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
3. BikukuUa formosa (Andr.) CoviJJe, Conti-. Nat. Ilerl). 4: 60. 1893.
Fuinaria formosa Andr. Bot. Rep. 6: pi. 393. 1797?
Diclytra formosa DC. Syst. 2: 109. 1821.
Dielytra formosa G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI 1: 140. 1831.
Diclytra saccata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 67. 1838.
Type locality: Not known.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2816; Seattle, Smith 18; Piper, May,
1891; Tacoma, Flett 64; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 63; Silverton, BoucTc 13; Horse-
shoe Basin, Lake & Hull 419; Stevens Pass, Whited, 1438; Kittitas County, SaruTberg &
Leiberg 702; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
CAPNOIDES.
Flowers pink ; leaves very large \. C. sroidiri.
Flowers yellow; leaves moderate 2. C. aurea.
1. Capnoides scouleri (Hook.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 15. 1891.
Corydalis scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 36. 1829.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 285
Vorydalis macro phijlla Nutt.; Tori-. &Gv. Fl. 1: 69. 1S38.
Type locality: "In dark shady \vood.s of North-West Anierica; plontil'iil nc;ir thi'
confluence of the Columbia with the sea." Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Near Montesano, Heller 3871; Little Iloquiani River, Lamb
1003; Succotash Valley, Piper, August, 1895; July, 1895; Skokoniish Valley, Kincaid,
June 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, x4Z/en. 118; Steilacoom; Ilwaco, F(/)er 4958.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
2. Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 14. 1891.
Cori/dalis aurea Willd. Eiuun. 740. 1809.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Hudson Bay and New England, southward to Arizona and
Texas.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 432; Spokane, Piper, May,
1898; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Wawawai, Elmer, June, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
BRASSICACEAE. Mi stakd Family.
Pods indehiscent.
Flowers red; pods elongate, cylindric, somewhat con-
stricted 28. Rapiianus (p. 307) .
Flowers not red; pods orbicular or globose.
Pods globose, reticulated; flowers yellow 25. Neslia (p. 306).
Pods flattened, orbicular; flowers white.
Fruit wingless; pubescence branched 26. Atiiysanus (p. 306) .
Fruit winged; pubescence simple 27. Thysaxocarpus (p. 306).
Pods dehiscent, 2-valved, either elongate (siliques) or short
'(silicles).
Pods elongate, therefore siliques.
Siliques compressed parallel to the broad partition.
Valves nerveless; leaves all petioled.
Flowers red; stem 2 or 3-leaved near the
summit 4. Dentaria (p. 288) .
Flowers white; stem leafy below or
throughout 5. Caruamink (p. 289) .
Valves 1-nervcd; cauline leaves sessile.
Siliques lanceolate, the valves reticulate. . 6. Parrya (p. 291 ) .
Siliques linear.
Petals flat; anthers short, subcordate. 7. Arabis (p. 291).
Petals twisted; anthers long, sagit-
tate 8. Streptantiius (p. 29()) .
Siliques terete, not at all compressed.
Pods 4 cm. long or more.
Flowers white or red; stigmas entire; pods
erect 11. Tiielypodidm ( p. 298) .
Flowers yellow; stigmas 2-lobed; pods
spreading 12. Erysimum ( p. 299) .
Pods less than 4 cm. long.
Herbage canescent; flowers white: low al-
pine perennials 13. Smelowskia (p. 300) .
Herbage not canescent; flowers yellow or "
white.
286 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Siliqucs beaked; .seeds glol)ose 14. Bras.sica (p. 301).
Siliques beakless; seeds oblong.
Valves of the pods nerveless 9. Roripa (p. 296).
Valves of the pods nerved.
Annuals; leaves pinnate or
pinnatifid 15. Sisymbrium (p. 301 ) .
Perennials.
Leaves entire or suben-
tire 16. Sciioenocrambe ( p. 303 ) .
Leaves lyrate 17. Campe (p. 303).
Pods short, therefore silicles.
Silicles conipre.ssed parallel to the partition.
Flowers solitary on scapes, white ; seeds winged . 1 . Platyspermum ( p. 286) .
Flowers racemose; seeds wingless.
Silicles orbicular 2. Alyssum ( p. 287) .
Silicles ovate or oblong 3. Draba (p. 287) .
Silicles not compressed, or compressed contrary to
the partition.
Plant aquatic, submerged; leaves subulate; pods
subglobose 18. Subularia (p. 303) .
Plants terrestrial; leaves not subulate.
Pods terete, not compressed.
Pubescence stellate ; pods globose 10. Lesquerella (p. 298).
Pubescence not stellate; pods oblong. 9. Roripa (p. 296).
Pods compressed contrary to the partition.
Valves nerveless; pod obcordate. .... 24. Physaria (p. 306).
Valves 1-nerved.
Nerves of the valves obtuse, not
prominent.
Silicles cuneate, notched at
apex 19. Bursa (p. 303) .
Silicles not cuneate; not
notched at apex.
Cauline leaves sessile;
pod elliptic 20. IIutchinsia (p. 304).
Cauline leaves auricu-
late; pod obovoid ... 21. Camelina (p. 304).
Nerves of the valves forming
acute keels or wings.
Silicles orbicular or obovate;
cells 1 or 2-seeded 22. Lepidium (p. 304).
Silicles ovate or oblong; sili-
cles 2 to several seeded 23. Tiilaspi (p. 305).
PLATYSPERMUM.
1. Platyspermum. scapigerum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 68. 1830.
Type i.ocamty: "Moist rocks and in shallow soil at the Great Falls [Celilo Falls] of the
Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Valley, Howell; Colville, Lyall, March 31, 1861; Pull-
man, Elmer 82; Pi-per, April, 1894, May, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The stamens in this plant are variable in number, not unconunonly 4 or 5 in place of
the normal 6. The peppery pods are eaten by children.
PIPER i-^LOKA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 287
ALYSSXJM.
1. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) Gouan, llort. Monsp. 321. 1762.
Chjpeola alyssoides L. Sp. PL 2: 652. 1753.
Alyssum calycinutn L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 90S. 1763.
Type locality: "Habitat in Austria, Gallia."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1SS5: Pullman, Piper.
DRABA.
Annuals.
Flowers white.
Petals deepl\' 2-eleft 1 . D. rermi.
Petals entii'o ; pods hispid 2. D. caroliniami murantha.
Flowers yellow.
Pods 6 to 8 mm. lon<:j, much shorter than pedicels. . 3. D. nemorosa.
Pods 8 to 15 mm. long, about equaling the pedicels . . A. D. stenuluba.
Peremiials.
Midrib of leaves becoming prominent.
Flowers yellow; pods acute 5. D ylacialis.
Flowers white; pods acuminate G. V. elouglasii.
Midrib of leaves not prominent.
Stems scapose ; flowers white 'i . D. lonchocarpa.
Stems very leafy ; flowers yellow , f'.. D. aureola.
1. Draba verna L. Sp. PI. 2: 642. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Vancouver, Siilsdorf 499; T. E. Wileox, March, 1883; Walla
^Valla, Leckenhy, April, 1898; Waitsburg, Horner (506.
2. Draba caroliniana micrantha (Nutt.) A. Gray, ihin. ed. 5. 72. 1867.
Draba micrantha Nutt.: Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 109. 1838.
Type locality: "Open plains and rocky places about St. Louis, and in Arkansas."
Range: Washington to Illinois, Texas, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Sj)okiuic, Pijier, May,
1897; Waitsburg, Horner 74; Wawawai, Piper 2801.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Draba nemorosa L. Sp. PI. 2: 643. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Sueciae nemoribus."
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and the Great Lakes. Europe. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, G^arcZner 25; White Salmon, er in 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. Cardamine angulata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 44. 1829.
Cardamine angidata perdaphylla Schulz, Engler's Bot. Jahrl). 32:407. 1903.
Ty'pe LOCALITY': "Banks of the Columbia." Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.
SpecimeIx^s examined; Hoquiam, Lamh 1053; Montesano, Heller 3863; Tacoma, Flett
45; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 128. 128a; Ihvaco, Piper 4955.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Cardamine occidentalis (S. Wats.) Howell, Y\. N. W. Am. 50. 1897.
Cardamine praien.si.'i occidentalis S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 158. 1895.
Type locality: Sauvies Island, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined; West Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Tacoma, Flett 89 in part;
North Yakima, Henderson, June 19, 1892.
7. Cardamine kamtschatica (Regel) Schulz, Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 32:470. 1903.
Cardamine sijlvatica kamtschatica Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 34-': 172. 1861.
Cardamine umhellata Greene, Pittonia 3: 154. 1897.
Ty'pe LOCALITY': Kamtscliatca.
Range: Alaska to Oregon. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1018, 2183; Mount Rainier, Piper
2061; near Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Mount Rainier, Flett 2149.
Zonal distribution; Arctic.
8. Cardamine pennsylvanica MuliL; Willd. Sp. PI. 3': 486. 1800.
Cardamine hirsuta acuminata Nutt.; Toit. & Gr. Fl. 1: 85. 1838.
Cardamine acuminata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29:237. 1902.
Ty'pe locality: Pcnnsj^vania.
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1116; Silverton, Bouck 18; Tacoma, Flett 89 in
part; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, iyaZHn 1859; Nisqually Valley, Allen 53; west
Klickitat County, Suhsdorf 503; Klickitat River, Flett 1139; Fort Colville, LyaU in 1861;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 733; Wenache, Whited 38; Rock Lake, Piper 2797; Hangman
Creek, Sandherg & Leiberg 63.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
9. Cardamine oligosperma Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 85. 1838.
Type locality: "Shady woods of the Oregon. V Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. '2\)\
Specimens examined: Hcxiuiani, Lairth 1026; Clallain County, Klrmr 2()()2; Wlu(ll)y
Ishiiid, Gardner 24; Seattle, Piper 546; Tacoina, Flett 76; San Juan Isliuul, Lj/dll in 1S58;
Goat Mountains, Allen, August 23, 1895; without locality, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
The following specimens seem to me ambiguous between C oligosperma and C. pennsyl-
vanica and I am unable to refer them elsewhere: Seattle, Piper 732; Tacoma, Fliilt, April
20, 1S96; west Klickitat County, SiihsYloif 505, 504; Skokomish River, Piper 2182; Kin-
caid; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Waitsburg, Horner 588, 79; Wawawai, Elmer.
PARRY A.
1. Parrya nienziesii (Ilook.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 253. 1891.
Phocnicaulis mcnzicsii Greene, Bulk Torr. Club. 13: 143. 1886.
Hesperis memiesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 60. 1830.
Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 89. 1838.
Type locality: California. Collected by Menzies.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2712; Kittitas Valley, Whltal 68; Blue
Mountains, Piper 2414.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
la. Parrya nienziesii lanuginosa S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 152. 1895.
Type locality: "Lower Columl)ia \'alley, cast of the Cascades, Douglas, Sulsdoif."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Douglas in 1830; between Klickitat Valley and
Columbia River, SuJcsdorf 236; east side Columbia below the Chelan, Walwn 28; near Gol-
dendale, Howell 43; Wenache, Whited 1019; North Yakima, Mrs. Sleinweg in 1894; Crab
Creek, Sandherg & Leiherg 242; without localitj^, Vasey in 1889; Klickitat Hills, Gorman,
April, 1895; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 551.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
ARABIS. Rock cress.
Seeds wingless; flowers white.
Radical leaves pinnately cleft into short and broad segments . . 1. ^1. lyrata occklentalis.
Radical leaves entire.
Cauline leaves not auriculate.
Herbage wholly stellate-pubescent 2. .1. whitedii.
Herbage glabrous above, pubescent below with sim-
ple or forked hairs 3.^1. nuttaU'd.
Cauline leaves auriculate; plant glaucous, glabrous
except near the base 4. ^4. glabra.
Seeds winged or wing-margined.
Seeds arranged in a single row.
Cauline leaves sessile not cordate or auricled 5. A. f areata.
Cauline leaves cordate or auriculate at base 6. ^4. hirsuta.
Seeds more or less distinctly in two rows.
Cauline leaves not at all auriculate at base; leaves all
entire, villous-hirsute 18. ^4. cusickii.
Cauline leaves auriculate or cordate.
Radical leaves dentate.
Pods reflexed, usually straight; whole plant
finel}^ stellate-pubescent 7. ^4. holboellii.
Pods arcuate, spreading.
Flowers dark-purple; basal leaves some-
what pubescent, the upper glabrous and
glaucous '..,,, , 8. .44. atroruhem.
292 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers rose-colored; whole plant rou<;lily
stellate-pubescent.
Base of the stems woody and branched. 9. ^1. perennans.
Base of the stems herbaceous or
nearly so, simple 10. ,4. sparsljloni.
Radical leaves entire or merely denticulate.
Pods reflexed.
Pubescence densely and linely stellate,
whitish; pods 2 mm. wide 12. ^1. jxibcntla.
Pubescence scant, stellate, or wanting;
pods 3 to 5 mm. wide 13. ^4. sujf'rutescens.
Pods not reflexed.
Pods divaricate; herbage .soft pubescent
with stellate hairs 11. ^4. holanderi.
Pods ascending.
Plant glaucous ; lower leaves finely and
densely stellate-pubescent 14. .4 lafifolia.
Plant green ; pubescence scanty.
Stems several, slender, from a
woody caudex; leaves small 17. A. inlaophyUa.
Stems solitary or few from a her-
baceous or scarcely woody base.
Tall 30 to 60 cm. ; plant some-
what glaucous; pubescence
of 2-forked hairs 15. ^4. dninniiondn.
Low 10 to 30 cm.; plant glab-
rous or somewhat stellate
pubescent below 16. ^4. lyallii.
1. Arabis lyrata occidentalis S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 159. 1895.
Type locality: "From Alaska to British Columbia and the eastern side of the Kocky
Mts. in Brit. America; Point Pelee on Lake Erie, Macoun."
Range: Alaska to Washington and eastward to Lake Erie.
Specimens examined: "On Nooksack River near Mount Baker," Suksdorf 1999.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
2. Arabis whitedii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 39. 1901.
Type locality: Wenache, Washington. Collected by Whited.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache, WMfed 1057; Cral) and Wilson creeks, Sandhenj cfc
Leiberg 275.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Mature specimens collected by Whited, May 19, 1905, show the ripe pods to be nearly
erect, 17 to 20 mm. long, finely and densely stellate-pubescent, and nearly always longer
than the divergent pedicels with which they form a pronounced angle; seeds wingless, in a
single row; cotyledons accumbent. It may be a biennial.
This species is not closely related to any other, in my opinion, but is to be associated
perhaps with A. nuttallii Robinson.
3. Arabis nuttallii Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 160. 1895.
Arabis spathulata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 81. 1838, not DC. 1821.
Type locality: "Lofty dry hills of the Platte, from the Black Mountains to the central
chain."
Range; Washington to Montana and Nevada.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 298
Specimens examined: Klirkitat Kivor, fJeit 1142 in part; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1223
CO: Nt)i'th Yakima, Steinweg; Sprague, Sandberg & Lciberg 202; Lincoln County, Hen-
derson 2387; Medical Lake, Sandberg d' Leiberg 50; Spokane County, Suksdorf 237 ; Crab
Creek, SuJcsdorf 238; Spokane Valley, Lyoll in 1861; Spokane, Pifer 2950; St. John,
Piper 2792; Mount Adams, CoUon 1533.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Arabis glabra (L.) Bcrnh. Syst. Vcrz. Erf. 195. 1800.
Tinritl ft glabra L. Sp. 1*1. 2: 666. 1753.
Arabis perfoliata Lam. P^ncyc. 1: 219. 1783.
Turriiis macrocarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 78. 1838.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: British Columbia to New England southward to California, Colorado, and New
Jersey. Europe. Asia.
wSpecimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2694; Nisqually Valley, Allen, June 11,
1894; Klickitat River, Fleft 1140; Rock Island, Henderson; Sprague, Sandberg cfc Leiberg
143; without locality, Vaseg in 1889; Pullman, Piper 1472; Elmer 844; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 110.
Zonal distriblttion : Transition.
5. Arabis furcata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 362. 1882.
Type locality: "Bluffs of the Columbia River near the mouth of Hood River," Oregon.
Collected l)y Howell.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Atanum River, Henderson, August, 1892; Mount Adams, Snhs-
dnrf : Hoirell: Henderson 58; without locality, Brandegee 625.
6. Arabis hirsuta Scop. Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 2: 30. 1772.
Arabis rupestris'i^utt.; Tbrr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 81. 1838.
Type locality: Carniolia.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to New Mexico and Virginia. Asia. Europe.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall in 1858;
Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Silverton, Bouck 20a; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid,
May, 1892; Tacoma, Flett, April, 1896; Nisqually Valley, Allen, June, 1894; Klickitat
Kiver,Flett 1138; Coppei River, Horner 80; Almota, Piper, May 11, 1901; without locality,
Geyer 565.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
When growing in dense shade, the plants are often nearly glabrous. This form is A.
Mrs}ita glabrata Torr. & Gr.a
7. Arabis holboellii Hornem. Fl. Dan. 11:5. pi. 1879. 1827.
Arabis retrofractaQv»h&xn, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 344. 1829.
Type locality: "In rupibus Insulae Disco ad Jacobshavn detexit."
Range: Washington and Colorado to British America. Greenland.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited, May 28, 1898, 39; Ellensburg, Whited 312, 379;
Piper 2707; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 30, 1880; Klickitat River, Suksdorf, May 18,
1884; North Yakima, Henderson 2395; Sprague, Sandberg c& Leiberg 139; Ritzville, Sand-
berg S Leiberg 158; Douglas County, xSynZZman, 2630; Pine City, Pt per 2427; Spokane, Pi/JCT-
2822,2690; Spokane Valley, L?/aZZ in 1861; Mount Vi\r\ton, Kieager 288; Blue Mountains,
Horner 274 in part; Pullman, Elmer 207; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
7a. Arabis holboellii patula (Graham) S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 164. 1895.
Turriiis patula Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 3-50. 1829.
Arabis columhiana Macoun, Cat. Canad. PI. 2: 304. 1890.
oFl. 1: SO. 1X38.
294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: "The seeds of this species were gathered in Captain FraniiHn's expedi-
tion at Hudson Bay, in Canada and in the Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia and Washington to Hudson Bay.
Specimens examined: Green River Hot Springs, Pijper 544.
8. Arabis atrorubens Greene, Erythea 1 : 223. 1893.
Arabis ntrifJora Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 211. 1899.
Type locality: Khckitat County, Washington. Colk'cted hy Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: West Khckitat County, Suksdorf 210.5; W'enache, Whited 67,
1531; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Darhng Mountains, Fleft 1137; Khckitat
Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1290.
9. Arabis perennans S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467. 1887.
Type locality: From northern Nevada and Utah to Arizona and the San Bernardino
Mountains in California."
Range: Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Vasey in 1889.
10. Arabis sparsifiora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 81. 1838.
Arabis arcuata subviUosa S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 164. 1895.
Type locality: " Forests of the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Oregon."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Clealum, WJiiied 367; Mount
Cleman, Henderson 2395; banks of the Columbia, Dour/Zrt.s in 1829; Colville, Lf/o// in 1861;
Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 97; Spokane, Piper 2821; Pullman, Hull 471; Piper
1471, 1812, 1811; Elmer 88; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
There is considerable doubt as to the identity of Nuttall's species and it may not be our
plant. The latter is unciuestionably the subspecies subvillosa of Watson.
10a. Arabis sparsifiora secunda (Howell).
Arabis secunda Howell, Erythea 3: 33. 1895 (February).
Arabis arcuata secunda Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 164. 1895 (October).
Type locality': Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Howell 1487; west Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf
240, 241: Larm River, Suksdorf 97; Upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Wenache,
WJnted 1031.
11. Arabis bolanderi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467. 1887.
Type locality: " Yosemite Valley or Mono Pass," California.
Range: W^ashington to California.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 632.
12. Arabis puberula Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 82. 18-38.
Arahlscaiusctns^VLtt.; Torr.&Gr. Fl. 1: 83. 1838.
Arabis tenuis Greene, Pittonia 4: 189. 1901.
Type locality: "Forests of the Blue Mountains of Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Mount Cleman, Henderson 2389; White Salmon, Suksdorf,
July, 1881; Ellensburg, Whited 2707; Piper, July 9, 1897; Tampico, Flett 1125; Wenache,
Whited, April, 1900; Blue Mountains, i?or7ier 274; Coulee City, Piper 3848; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 15.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASIIINCJTON. 295
13. Arabis suifrutescens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 362. 1SS2.
Type locality: "Bluffs of the Snake River and vicinit}', Union County, Oregon."
Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Speclmens examined: Mount Adams, S uJcsdorf 9S, oil.
14. Arabis latifolia (S. Wats.).
Arabis canescens latifolia S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 17. 1871.
Arabis lemmoni S. Wat;, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 4(57. 1887.
Type locality: Clover Mountains, Nevada. Collected by Watson.
Range: Washington to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Mount .Ulams, S uksdoif 5>^9, 510, 1920; Henderson 2391.
15. Arabis drummondii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 187. 18(33-05.
Turiitls stricta (Irahani, Edinh. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 350. 1829, not Arabis stricta,
Host. 1827.
Streptanthus angusfifoUus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 76. 1838, not Andiis amjustifoUus Lam.
1783.
Type locality': Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond.
Range: California and Colorado, northward into British America.
Specimens examined: Olj^mpic Mountains, Piper 2181; Clallam County, Elmer 2693
in })art; Mount Rainier, Piper 2065; north of Mount Adams, Henderson 2397; Mount
Baker, FlcU 859; Horseshoe Basin, Lake d' Hull, August 24, 1892: Stevens Pass, Sand-
berg cfe Leiberg 764.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
16. Arabis lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 122. 1876.
Arabis driinniiondii alpina S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 18. 1871, not A.-alpina L.
Type locality: "In the mountains from Washington Territory to Mono Pass in the
Sierra Nevada and eastward to W. Wyoming and Utah."
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Oh^mpic Mountains, Piyft'/" 2180; Flett 94; Mount Rainier, P/yjf/'
2066, 2064; Smith 801; Allen 299; Clallam County, Elmer 2693 in part; Mount Adams,
Henderson 2390; S uksdorf 50S, 96; Hoii:ell 557; A.shnola River, Cascade Mountains, Lyall ;
Blue Mountains, Horner 282.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
17. Arabis microphylla Nutt.: Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 82. 1838.
Type locality: "Rock}- "Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
R.\nge: Washington to Wyoming and Nevada.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, SM^-Sfior/ 2.
18. Arabis cusickii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 363. 1882.
Type locality: "On rocky ridges, Union Country, Oregon." Collected b}' Cusick.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2711; Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2388 in
part; Johnson Canyon, Brandegee 624; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 92; between
Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Piper 3841; Spokane
County, Suksdoif 1921 : Pine City, Piper 2828, 2829, the latter ambiguous toward^, sparsi-
jlora.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Arabis breweri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 1 1 : 123. 1876. This species appears in Suks-
doif's list, but wc have seen no Washington specinif^iis.
296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
STREPTANTHUS.
1. Streptanthus longirostris S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 127. 1890.
Arabis longirostria S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 17: pZ. 2. 1871.
Type locality: "Growing in alkaline soil at the Steamboat Springs near Washoe City,
about Huml)oldt Lake, Xevada, and on Stansliury Island in Salt Lake."
Range: Washington to Nevada and Utah.
Specimens examined: Pasco, Herulerfion 237H: without lucality, Brarulefjee &19.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
RORIPA.
Flowers white ; leaves pinnately divided 1 . R. nasturtium.
Flowers yellow; leaves various, mostly pinnate.
Plants perennial by rootstocks.
Pods glabrous or nearlyso 2. R. sinuata.
Pods not glabrous.
Pods pappilose-puberulent 3. R. calycina.
Pods soft pubescent, short-pediceled 4. /?. columhiae.
Plants annual or biennial, without rootstocks.
Pedicels short, 2 to 4 mm. long; stems diffuse.
Pods curved ; leaf-lobes acute b. R. currisiliqua.
Pods straight ; leaf-lobes obtuse G, R. ohtusa.
Pedicels longer, 6 to 8 mm. long; stems erect.
Pods oval or globose; stems hispid 7. R. his'pida.
Pods oblong; stems glabrous or nearly so.
Pods 4 to 8 mm. long 8. R. palustris.
Pods 8 to 12 mm. long 9. ^. pacifica.
1. Roripa nasturtium (L.) Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club 3^: .5. 1893. Water cress.
Sisymhriuin nasturtium L. Sp. PI. 2: 657. 1753.
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. m Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 110. 1812.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa & America septentrionali ad fontes."
Specimens examined: Tacoma, FZf« 6; Wawawai, £■//«/• 765; Hull 477; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 124; Colvillc, Krenger 523.
2. Roripa sinuata (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchcock, Spring Fl. Manliat. 18. 1894.
Nasturtium sinuatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 73. 1838.
Type locality: "Banks of the Oregon and its tributaries." Collected by JNuttall.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, Arkansas, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2103; Almota, Piper 2653, 2654.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Roripa calycina (Engchn.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 175. 1900.
Nasturtium calijanum Engehii. in Warren, Prelim. Rep. 156. 1855-7.
Type locality: "Sandy bottoms of Yellowstone River; Fort Sarpy to Fort Union."
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Sandherg cfc Leiherg in 1892.
4. Roripa columbiae Suksdorf; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 40. 1897.
Nasturtium siauatum columbiae Suksdorf; Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 147. 1895.
Nasturtium columbiae Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monat. 16: 211. 1898.
Type locality: "Low gravelly banks of the Columbia River near Bingen," Washington.
Range: Oregon and Washington on gravelly river banks.
Specimens examined: Near Bingen, Suksdorf 952.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 297
5. E-oripa cui'visiliqua (Hook.) Besscy, Mem. Torr. Cluh 5: 1(J9. 1894.
Sisijmbriutii ciirvisiliqua Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 61. 1830.
Nasturtium curvisiliqua Nutt; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 73. 1838.
Nasturtium curvisiliqua nuttallii S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 : 148. 1895.
Type locality: "Common on the Northwest coast of America, lat. 47°-48°, in sandy
soils, near streams." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to W3^oming and Lower California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, HeUer 3852; .Seattle, Piper 1840; Tacoma, Fhit 36;
Skamania County, Snlcsdoif 517; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf^ld, HJOO; Bingen, SulsthrfZm] ;
Skokomisli River, Piper in 1890; Ellensburg, Whited 674; Kalama, Piper, October 31, 1901 ;
Roslyn, Whited 1205; Spokane, Deivart, July 15, 1901; October 11, 1900; Pullman, Elmer
819; Pi>r 1474, 1840; Lal-e d- Hull 476; Tumwuter Canyon, Sandherg c& Leiherg 522;
Spokane, Kreager 559.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
A very variable species divided by Nuttall into four, namely. Nasturtium lijratum,
N. polymorphum, N. cernuum, and A', currisi/iqua." If there are good characters to
separate these, they remain to ])c pointed out. The type specimen of lyratum has an
evident style; that of pohjmorphum is almost obsolete.
6. Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton, xMem. Torr. Club 5: 169. 1894.
Nasturtium ohtusum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 74. 1838.
Type locality: "Banks of the Mississippi."
Range: British Columbia to Michigan, California, and Texas.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdoif 2300; Bingen, Suksdoif 2299, 2353;
Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897, Spokane Count}', (S''/A".sy7o/;/'1901.
The Bingen specimens have been referred to R. tenerrima Greene, but they seem not
distinct from R. ohtusa. The species is variable.
7. Roripa palustris (L.) Besser, Enum. 27. 1822.
Sisymbrium amphihium jmlustre L. Sp. PI. 2: 657. 1753.
Nasturtium terrestre R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 110. 1812.
Nasturtium palustre DC. Syst. 2: 191. 1821.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Subarctic regions, south to California and North Carolina. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Lake Union, Su]csd<»f 1903;
Colville, Lyall in 1860; Usk, Kreager 3.53; Wenache, Whited.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
8. Roripa pacifica Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 40. 1897.
Roripa elarata Kydbeig, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 235. 1902.
Nasturtium terrestre occidentale S. Wats, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 148. 1895, not Nasturtium
occidentale Greene, Fl. Fran. 268. 1891.
Type locality: vShuniagin Islands, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaZ/ in 1858-59; west Klickitat
County, Sulcsdorf 519, 721; Peshastin, Sandberg <& Leiberg 509; Waitsburg, Horner 83;
Hoquiam, Lamb 1221.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
9. Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 169. 1894.
Braclujlohus hispidus Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 183. 1814.
Nasturtium terrestre hispidum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Ilort. Pctrop. 3: 41. 1837.
Nasturtium hispidum DC. Syst. 2: 201. 1821.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsylvania."
a Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 73, 74. 1838.
298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Arizona and Florida.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt; B'mgen, Suksdorf 2350, 2',i52\ Coulee City,
Lalce <& Hull 470.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
LESQTJERELLA.
Pods oval; pubescence not stellate I. L. occidentalis.
Pods obovate; pubescence stellate 2. L. dovglasii.
1. Lesquerella occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 251. 1S88.
Veiiicana occidentalifi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 353. 1885.
Type locality: "Near Yreka, California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Near Mount Adams, Fhtt 430; Klickitat River, Flett 1137.
2. Lesquerella douglasii S. Wats. Proc. Km. Acad. 23: 255. 1888.
Type locality: "On the Columbia River east of the Cascade Mountains, Wilkes, Lyall,
Suksdorf."
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens exaiviined: Wenache, Whited 1119, 1065; Rock Island, Sandherg d: Leiberg
426; W^hite Bluffs of Columbia, Brandegee 635; near Columbus, Suksdorf in 1886; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Columbia Valley, Lrjall in 1860; without locality, Douglas in 1829;
Klickitat County, Suksdorf S42; Pasco, Hindshaw, May, 1896; between Coulee City and
Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Conconully, Griffiths cfc Cotton 312.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
The Brandegee specimens are erroneously associated with L. occidentalis S. Wafs. in the
Synoptical Flora.
THELYPODIUM.
Cauline leaves auriculate at base 1 . T. sagittatum.
Cauline leaves not auriculate.
Annual; racemes loose; pods deflexed 2. T. lasiophijllum.
Biennial; racemes dense; pods spreading.
Leaves entire or repand 3. T. intcgri folium.
Leaves pinnatifid.
Flowers whitish ; leaves fleshy 4. T". lacin iatum.
Flowers purple; leaves membranous 5. T. streptanthoides.
1. Thelypodium sagittatum (Nutt.) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 265. 1898.
Strcptanthus sagittatus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 12. 1834.
Thelypodium nuttallii S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 5: 26. 1871.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Little Goddin river toward tiu^ sources of the
Columbia." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: Washington to Utah and Nevada.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Leckenby, May 18, 1898; without locality, Bnin-
degee 638; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Coulee City, Piper 3883.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Thelypodium lasiophyUum ( Hook. & Arn.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Clul) 13: 142. 1886.
Turritis {'() lasiophylla Hook & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 321. 1840.
Sisymbrium refexum Nutt. Proc. Acad. Phila. 3: 26. 1848.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Suksdoif 953.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 299
3. Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl.; Waip. Rep. 1: 172. 1842.
I'dchypoiliuiii intcgrifoliunt. Nutt.; Toit. & Gr. Fl. 1: 96. 1838.
Type locality: "Elevated plains of the Rocky Mountains, towards the Oregon, as far
as Wallawallah." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Yakima City, Piper, July, 1897; Coulee City, Lake d' Hull 473;
Satus, Elmer 1073; Squaw Creek, Cotton 87 Jf.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
The "Thelypodium hrae}t\jcarp\iiii Toi-r.'^' of Suksdorf's list is l)ased on a specimen of
T. integrifoliy HI .
4. Thelypodium laciniatum (Hook.) Endl.: Walp. Rep. 1: 172. 1842.
AI aero podium laciniatum Hook. V\. Ror. Am. 1: 43. 182!).
Ty'pe LOCALITY': "Common on dry rocks about Wallawallah, and at Priest's Rapid on
the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 200, 124G; North Yakima, Piper; Pasco,
Piper 298G; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Wallula, Leckenhy; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 229; Rockland, Suksdoif 237; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Rock Lake, Piper 2792; Walla Walla, Leckenhy; Douglas County, Spillman; Coulee City,
Piper 3863; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 391; Whitman County, opposite Clarkston,
Hvnter 21; Ritzville, Sandberg d' Leiberg 190.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
5. Thelypodium streptanthoides Leiberg, in herb.
Stout erect from a biennial root, often branched from the base, 0..'i to 1 meter high,
glabrous throughout: leaves oblong-lanceolate, irregularly sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid
with oblong or even linear lobes, green on both sides, 4 to 10 cm. long, all petioled; racemes
dense, 30 to 60 cm. long; sepals becoming 6 to 8 mm. long, deep purple at least on the upper
third, somewhat irregular, the lower pair often united for two-thirds of their length, con-
spicuously saccate at base, becoming tubulose-convolute at apex; petals narrowly linear
with a dilated apex, flat, double the length of the sepals; filaments much elongated, nearly
equal, free; pods 10 to 12 cm. long, on stout divaricate pedicels 4 to 6 mm. in length, sub-
terete, flexuous or curved, minutely tomentose, strongly nerved; style short or none;
mature seeds not seen.
Type specimen in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected near Wilson Creek, Douglas
County, altitude 680 meters, no. 229, Sandberg cfc Leiberg in 1893. Also collected on
rocky cliffs at Almota, Piper 1473 and 3.563; Lake Chelan, Elmer, July, 1897; and Soap
Lake, McKay 2.
This species is closely allied to T. laciniatum (Hook.) Endl., but differs in its thiniier not
at all glaucous leaves and purple-tinged calyx.
ERYSIMUM.
Petals 4 to 5 mm. long; pods 1 to 2 cm. long 1. E. clieiranthoideti.
Petals 16 to 24 nun. long.
Pods 4-angled, spreading, ."j to 12 cm. long.
Seeds quadrangular. 2. E. asperum.
Seeds lenticular 3. E. elatuni.
Pods flattened.
Cespitose perennial; cotyledons incumbent 4. E. arenicola.
Biennial, simple; cotyledons accumbent 5. E. occidentali.^.
1. Erysim.um. cheiranthoides L. »Sp. PI. 2: 661. 1753.
Type locality: European.
300 COISITRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon and North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Wilbur, Ileiiderson 2380; Pullman, Piper' 2820; Clarks Springs,
Kr eager 73.
2. Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. Syst. 2: 505. 1821.
Cheiranthus asper Nutt. Gen. 2: 69. 1818.
Cheiranthus capitatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 38. 1829.
Type locality: "On the plains of the Missouri commencing near the confluence of
White River." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1307; Clallam County, Elmer 2695; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2062; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1198; 30 miles south of Mount Adams, Fleti
1733; Wenache, ;^"/iir 2948;
Henderson; Soap Lake, i/f^Tai/ 8; Wawawai, Pipe/'; Lake <& Hull 474; Elmer 77; Almota,
Piper 1499; Spokane, Kreager 161.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
The types of Cheiranthus capitatus were collected "on rocky places of the Columbia,
near the .sea, and at Puget Sound." They can therefore scarcely be the same as Erysimum
grajulifiorum Nutt., to which Cheiranthus capitatus has been referred as a synonym.
■3. Erysimum elatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gray Fl. 1: 95. 1838.
Cheiranthus pacificus Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 308. 1903.
Type locality: "Grassy situations by the banks of the Wahlamet." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Horner 82; Cape Horn, Piper 5028.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Erysimum, arenicola S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 124. 1891.
Type locality: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington, near the summit. Col-
lected by Piper.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2179, 916.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
5. Erysimum occidentale (S. Wats.) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 144. 1895.
Cheiranthus occidcntalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 261. 1888.
Erysimum asperwa pumilum S.Wats. Bot. King Explor. 24. 1871, not E. pumilum DC.
1821.
T\'PE locality: In Washington Territory (Walla Walla, Lyall; Klickitat County, Suks-
dorf).
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2686; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892;
Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Watt, August, 1895; Flett 1128; Yakima, Leckenhy, April, 1898;
Columbus, Sul-sdorfm 1886; Rockland, Sulsdotf'm 1886; Tampico, Flett 1126; Sunny-
side, Cotton 310; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Hunts Junction, Leckenhy, April, 1898.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
SMELOWSKIA.
Capsule lanceolate, attenuate at each end \. S. calycina.
Capsule ovate, nearly subcordate at ba.se 2. S. ovalis.
1. Smelowskia calycina C. A. Meyer in Ledel). Fl. Alt. 3: 170. 1831.
Strielowskia americana Rydl)erg, Bull. Torr. Cluli 29: 239. 1902.
Type locality: Siberia.
Range: Alaska to California and Cdloradn. Silicria.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. ' 301
Specimens examined: Clallam Couiitv, Elmer 2(j9(); Muutit Adams, Siik-sdorf, Scptum-
bor, 1877; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 641; Elmer 1095.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
SmeloAVskia ovalis Jones, Proc. Cal. Atad. II. 5: ()24. 1895.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. M . Grant in 1889; Mount Adams, Hen-
derson, August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2063; James Bryce in 1883; Allen 61.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
BRASSICA.
Cauline leaves auricled at base and clasping 1.5. campestris.
Cauline leaves not auricled or clasping.
Beak of the pod very short, less than one-fourth the fertile portion . 2. B. nigra.
Beak of the pod long, about equaling the fertile portion 3. B. arvensis.
1. Brassica campestris L. Sp. PI. 2: 606. 17.53. Turnip.
Type locality: P^uropean.
Specimens examined: Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Waitsburg, Ilorrter 73; Pullman^
Ilardiricl', July, 1895.
2. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch in Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3. 4: 713. 1833.
Black mustard.
Sinapis nigra L. Sp. PI. 2: 668. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Speclmens examined: Pullman, Pi/x/' 4113; without locality, raw;/ in 1889.
3. Brassica arvensis (L.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 5. 1888. Charlock.
Sinapis arvensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 668. 1753.
Brassica sinapistrum Boiss. Voy. Espagnc 2: 39. 183{>-45.
Type locality: "Habitat in agris Europae."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; Pullman, Piper, August, 1893;
Meyers Falls, Kreager 514.
SISYMBRIUM.
Pubescence of simple hairs or none; leaves pinnalifid.
Pods subulate, appressed, 1 to 1 .5 cm. long I. S. officinale.
Pods linear, spreading, 5 to 10 cm. long 2. S. altissimum.
Pubescence of branched hairs.
Flowers white ; leaves mainly in a basal rosette 'S. S. thaliamtrn.
Flowers yellow ; branches leafy.
Seeds biseriate in each cell 4.5. cane.>icens.
Seeds uniseriate in each cell.
Leaves tripinnate; herbage canescent 5. S. sophia.
Leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, subglabrous.
Capsules 10 to 14 mm. long, spreading.
Pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long, shorter than the
capsules 6.5'. incisuryi.
Pedicels 10 to 20 mm. long, longer than the
capsules 6a. 5'. incisum filipes.
Capsules 3 to 6 mm. long on subequal ascending
pedicels 7 ■ S. hnrtvegianum.
1. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 26. 1772. Hedge mustard.
Erysimum officinale L. Sp. PI. 2: 660. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Speclmens examined: Pullman, Ilnrdvirk, August, 1895.
30? CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Sisymbrium altissim.um L. Sp. Fl. 2: ()59. I75.S. TuMBUNt; mustauu.
Type locality: "Habitat in Italia, Gallia, Siberia."
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Gardner 410; Puliiiian, Pij>er 3513; Wawa-
wai. Piper, May 31, 1903.
3. Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 7: 399. 1S26.
Arabia ihallaua L. Sp. PI. 2: 665. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Taconia, Flett, May, 1899.
4. Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. Gen. 2: 68. 1818.
Type locality: "From Virginia to Georgia."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, Florida, and California.
Specimens examined: Yakima County, Henderson 2379; Waitsl)uig, Horner 77; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889.
5. Sisymbrium sophia L. Sp. PI. 2: 659. 1753.
Typk locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, P/y*?/- 3511; Wawawai, Pty«7'2871; Waitsburg, //or^tr
599.
6. Sisymbrium incisum Engelm. in A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 8. 1849.
Type locality: "Santa Fe Creek and Mora River," New Mexico.
Range: Washington and Manitoba to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Blue Mountains, Homer 67;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1286.
6a. Sisymbrium incisum filipes A. Gray, PI. P\'ndl. 8. 1849.
Sisymbrium lonyipedicellatum Fourn. Sisymb. 59. 1865.
Sophia jUipeH Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 311. 1897.
Type locality: "Clearwater," Idaho. Collected by Spalding.
[Range: British Columbia to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 438; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinwey; Flett
1129; Tacoma, Flett 51; Pasco, Piper 2972; Hunts Junction, Leckenhy, April, 1898;
Spokane, Piper, May, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1477; Elmer 842; Almota, Piper, May, 1897;
Wawawai, Hvll, May, 1892; Piper, May, 1893; Mount Carlton, Ereayer 145; Coupeville,
Gardner 20; Wenache, Whited 1062, 603: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 364; Sunnyside,
Cotton 356; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock Lake, Sandhery & Leibery
101; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson in 1884; Wawawai, Piper 1477.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
7. Sisymbrium hartwegianum Fourn. These Crucif. 66. 1865.
Sisymbrium incisum hartuxyianum Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 41. 1876.
? Sisymbrium canescens brevipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 92. 1838.
Type locality: "Crescit in imperio mexicano."
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 50; Charleston, Piper, June 21, 1895; Pasco,
Piper 2996; Ritzville, Sandhery & Leibery 161; Morgans Ferry, Snksdorf 242; Spokane
Valley, Lrjall in 1861; Myers Falls, Ereayer; Coulee City, Piper 3879, 3880; Republic,
Beattie & Chapman 2271.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
The Sisymbrium hrachycarpon Richards., in Hooker's Flora, is, in all prol)abi]ity. not tiiat
species, but S. hartweyianum , so far as the plant horn the "Great Falls of the Coiuml)ia"
is concerned.
PrPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 303
SCHOENOCRAMBE.
1. Schoenocrainbe linifolia (\iitt.) Greene, Pitloni:i 3: 127. 1S96.
Sl>:73. 1905.
Sedum dicaricatunL S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17:372. 1882, not Aiton, 1789.
Type locality: "In Union County, Oregon." Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Hoinell, June, 1879; Wawawai, Henderson
2571; Hull 442; Elmer 762; Piper: Rattlesnake Mountains, C'o^on 703.
Zonal distribution: Arid Tian.sit ion.
GORMANIA.
1. Gormania oregana (Nutt.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 3: 30. 1903.
Sedum origanum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 559. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocks, near the mouth of the Oiegon." Collected bv Nuttall.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Silveiton, .So7/f^- 75: Whatcom County, Gardner 420; Ca.scade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Columbia River, Cascade Mountains, SvksdorJ
310 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
126?; Columbia River, Nuttall (type); Mashel Canyon, Piper 2123; Stampede Pass, Hen-
derson, July 27, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 443; without locality. Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Humid Transition.
SAXIFRAGACEAE. Saxifrage Family.
Staminodia none; caipels 2, distinct, at least above Parnassia (p. 322).
Staminodia present; carpels 3 or 4, united.
Placentae axial.
Carpels distinct; leaves coriaceous, without stipules . . Leptarrhena ip. 310)
Carpels united, at least below.
Stamens 10 Saxifraga (p. 312).
Stamens 5.
Ovary superior Bolandra ( p. 310) .
Ovary not superior.
Rootstocks bearing bulblets; ovary al-
most wholly inferior Hemieva (p. 311 ) .
Rootstocks not bearing bulblets; ovary
half-inferior Therofon (p. 311).
Petals none; stamens 8 Chrysospleniuivi (p. 318).
Placentae parietal or nearh' basal.
Stamens 8 or 10.
Petals present ; stamens 10.
Carpels unequal; petals entire Tiarella (p. 317).
Carpels equal; petals laciniate Tellima (p. 317).
Stamens 5 or 3.
Petals pinnatifid; stamens 5 Mitella ( p. 319).
Petals entire or none.
Stamens 5; calyx campanulate or turbinate. Heuchera (p. 320).
Stamens 3; calyx tubular Leptaxis (p. 322).
LEPTARRHENA.
1. Leptarrhena amplexifolia (Sternb.) Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 48. 1830.
Saxifraga amplexifolia Sternb. Rev. Sax. Suppl. 1; 2. pi. 2. 1822.
Saxifraga pyrolifolia D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 13; 389. 1822.
Leptarrhena pyrolifolia Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 48. 1830.
Type locality. tJnala.ska.
Range: Alaska to Mount Adams, Washington, and Kootenai Pa.ss, British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895, Mount Ranier, Flett
255; Piper 2039, Allen 281; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892, Suksdorf 543, Cas-
cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859, Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 711; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 658, without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
BOLANDRA.
1. Bolandra oregana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 292. 1879.
Type locality: "On wet rocky banks of the Willamette River, near Oregon City, Ore-
gon." Collected by Howell.
Range. Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: White Salmon River, Suksdorf in 1882; Cape Horn, Piper 5021.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 311
THEROFON.
Stipules scarious or foliaceous 1 . T. ma jus.
Stipules represented by bristles 2. T. elatunt.
1 . Therof on majus intermedium.
Boi/l'i)iia major in/rrmcilia Piper, Erythea 7: 172. 1899.
Therofon intermediuin Heller, Muhlenbercria 1 : 53. 1904.
Type locality: Xi'w London, Chelialis County, Washington. Collected by Lamb.
Range: Known only from the type.
Specimens examined: New London, Lai/ih 1267.
2. Therofon elatum (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 121. 1S94.
Saxifraga data Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 575. 1840.
Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & Gr. Fl. I: 577. 1840.
Boyhinia elata Greene, Fl. Fran. 190. 1891.
BoyTcinia nutiallii J. M. Macoun, Can. Rec. Sei. 6: 409. 1895.
Type locality: "In wet places near Chenook Point at the estuary of the Oregon."
Collected by Nut tall.
Range: British Columbia to south California, along the coast.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2209; Quilcene, Gardner 109; Sno-
qualmie, Parlcer, August, 1892; Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Silverton, Bond-; Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 118a.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
Rydberg, a considers this distinct from T. elatum under the name of Therofon occidentaJe.
A careful ree.x;imination of the above material and much more leaves our previous con-
clusion unchanged. The plant of California, T. cincinnatum Rosendahl & Rydberg loc.
cit., is feebly distinguishable by a larger inflorescence with the branches mo:e or less
raceraiform and curved pedicels. Tliis is said to range from Washington to California, but
we have seen specimens only from California.
HEMIEVA.
Petals violet, long-clawed 1. 77. violacen.
Petals white, short-clawed 2. 77. ranuncultfolia.
1. Hemieva violacea (A. Gray) Wheelock, Bull. Toir. Club 23: 71. 1896.
SuJcsdoiJia violacea A. Giay, Proc. Am. Acad. 15: 42. 1879.
Type locality: "Wet rocks of the Columbia River in Washington Territory, near the
junction of the White Salmon River."
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulsdo/fQS: April, 1878: April 29, 1882.
According to Professor Greene there are specimens in the British Museum collected by
Douglas at Kettle Falls.
2. Hemieva ranunculifolia (Hook.) Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 70. 1836.
Saxifraga ranunculifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 246. pi. 8S. 1833.
Suksdorfia ranunculifolia Engler in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3--': 52. 1891.
Type locality: "On the high grounds around the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, and on
die Rocky Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to North California and east to North Idaho.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, P('pf/' 2033; Goat Mountains, JZ/en 201; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 297 : Howell in 1882; Klickitat River, Fleti 1310; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
& Lciberg 791 ; Bridge Creek, Elmer in 1897.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
oN. Am.Fl. 22: 123. 1905.
312 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SAXIFKAGA. Saxifrage.
Stems producing peronniiil l)r:inches, these densely beset with small
leaves.
Leaves coriaceous and evergreen, entire.
Filaments clavate; leaves spatulate, obtuse, not ciiiate . 1. S. tolmiei.
Filaments subulate; leaves lanceolate, acute, ciiiate 2. S. hronchialis.
Leaves not coriaceous thin, 3 to 5-lobed or cleft.
Calyx united only at base; leaves cleft 3. S. cespitosa.
Calyx united to the middle; leaves lobed 4. S. adscendens.
Stems not producing perennial leafy branches.
Calyx campanulate- stems leafy; basal leaves crenate; cauline
few, entire or 3-lobed .5. S. dehilis.
Calyx rotate; leaves all or mostly ba.sal.
Leaves serrate or coarsely dentate.
Petals dissimilar; leaves spatulate, serrate, short-
petioled 9. S. hoiujardi.
Petals similar; leaves cordate or reniform, coarsely
toothed, long-petioled.
Caudex bulbous; herbage somewhat glandular;
leaves usually doubly dentate 6. S. mertensiana.
Caudex not bulbous: leaves glabrous, simply den-
tate.
Petals spatulate-obovate 7. S. odontophylla
Petals elliptic, not clawed 8. S. nehomana.
Leaves entire or merely crenate, all basal.
Leaves ovate or oblong, petioled, usually coarsely cre-
nate.
Leaves thick, subcoriaceous, red-tomentose beneath
at least when young 10. S. marshallii.
Leaves not subcoriaceous, often thin, glabrous or
nearly so 11. S. calif ornica.
Leaves entire or nearly so, oblong-spatulate to ovate.
Calyx lobes erect, shorter than the tube; petals
wanting 17. S. apetala.
Calyx lobes spreading, about as long as the tube;
petals present.
Petals not exceeding the calyx lobes.
Petals obovate 12. S. plantaginea.
Petals narrowly oblong 13. S. columbiana.
Petals much longer than the calyx lobes.
Stems 30 to 60 cm. tall; flowers 7 to 9
mm. broad; leaves without petioles . 14. S. oregana.
Stems 10 to 30 cm. high; flowers smaller;
leaves more or less distinctly petioled.
Flowers 6 to 8 mm. broad; leaves el-
liptic, villous and vi.scid above 15. S. integr'ifi
Flowers 3.5 to 5 mm. broad; leaves
usually broadly ovate; petals per-
sistent 16. S.frar/osa.
1. Saxifraga tolmiei Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 567. 1840.
Type locality: "Northwest coast."' Collected b\^ Tolmie.
Kange: Washington and Oregon in the Cascade and Olympic Mountains.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 313
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2642; Mount
Rainier, Allen 99; Smith in 1890; Piper 2038; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892;
Flett 1317; Snlsdorf in 1877; Bridge Creek, Elmer 635.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
The specific name of this plant in the original publication was spelled tolmaei, evidently
a typographical error.
2. Saxifraga bronchialis L. Sp. PI. 1: 400. 1753.
Sixifraga ausiromoniana Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 389. 1900.
Saxifraga cognata E. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 118. 1900.
1'ype locality: Siberia.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and New Mexico; also Siberia and Russia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2210; Baldy Peak,Lam6 1312; Whidby
Island, Gardner 115; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper
2036 and August, 1888; Smith 348; Goat Mountains, ^ZZen 197; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859 ; between Colville and the Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860;
Mount Adams, Sul'sdorf 11 ; Henderson, July, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandherg & Leiherg 763;
Loomis, Elmer 583; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4972.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
Two forms of this variable species occur in Washington, both with white flowers. The
alpine form has acute or acuminate leaves, w'hile the plant common on the cliffs along the
Columbia River and in Island County has thinner obtuse or obtusish leaves and larger
corymbs. Mr. Howell has referred the latter form to S. cherlerioides D. Don, with which,
however, it is not identical.
Small « recognizes Saxifraga ausiromoniana Wiegand as valid {Lepiasea ausiromoniana
Small, loc. cit.) and describes the second form mentioned above as Lepiasea vesperiina.
Saxifraga bronchialis L. as generally accepted is a polymorphic species and the above are,
as we believe, mere subspecies at best. Intergrading forms occur. They may be desig-
nated, however, Saxifraga bronchialis austromontana and S. bronchialis vesperiina. The
type of the latter is Lamb's 1312.
3. Saxifraga cespitosa L. Sp. PI. 1: 404. 1753.
Type locality: North European.
Range: Subarctic regions, south to Quebec, Colorado, and Oregon. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Pi'yjer 2211; Elmer 2Q)49; Flett 809; Mount
Stuart, Brandegee 759; Elmer 1102; Goat Mountains, Allen 200; Mount Rainier, Flett 2176
258; Johns Island, Lawrence 194; Mount Storm King, Laurence 343; Orcas Island, Hender-
son, July, 1892; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Eatonville, Flett 2213.
Two forms of this variable species occur in our limits, one high alpine, densely cespitose,
the leaves with short obtuse lobes and obscure veins; the other from cliffs along the Colum-
bia River and the San Juan Islands, with thinner prominently veined leaves and a taller
looser habit. The latter approaches closely S. caespitosa laxa Koch. The former is scarcely
matched in European material. This has recently been proposed as a new species by
Small b under the name Muscana emarginata, the type being Elmer's 2649. This plant is,
however, much nearer to true S. cespiiosa than the thin-leaved form. Both are mere sub-
species in our judgment.
4. Saxifraga adscendens L. Sp. PL 1 : 405. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pyrenaeis, Baldo, Tauro Rastadiensi."
Range: British Columbia to Washington, Colorado, and Hudson Bay. Europe.
Specimens examined: Mount Baker, Flett 855.
5. Saxifraga debilis Engelm.; Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colo. 38. 1874.
Type locality: Colorado.
aN. Am. Fl. 222; 153. 1905. b N. Am. Fl. 22=: 129. 1905.
314 CONTEIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen, August 20, 1895.
6. Saxifraga mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersl). VI. 2: 141. 1832.
Saxifraga heterantha Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 252. 1833.
Type locality: "Sitcha," Alaska.
Range: Alaska to Idaho and the Blue Mountains; north California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, AV/ner 2643; Chehalis County, Law;?* 1348; Cas-
cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, ^4/?fM 17; Goat Mountains,
Allen 241; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf li; rocks of the Columbia, Nuttall; Blue Mountains,
Horner; Cape Disappointment, Scouler.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
Small" considers that two species have been confused under the above, which he dis-
tinguishes as Heterisia mertensiana and H. eastwoodiae, the former with bulhlets in the
inflorescence, the latter without. Both occur in Washington, and careful field study is
needed to determine if the character relied upon is really specific.
7. Saxifraga odontophylla sp. nov.
Perennial by stout rootstocks, not bulbous, entirely glabrous up to the inflorescence;
leaves all basal, reniform-orbicular, somewhat fleshy, coarsely and evenly dentate with 15
to 25 teeth, 2 to 8 cm. broad; petioles usually 2 to 3 times as long as the blade; scapes
10 to 40 cm. high; inflorescence a loose, erect panicle, glandular; bracts- linear, the lower
more or less dentate or occasionally foliaceous ; pedicels slender; calyx 5-parted, the lobes
oval, obtu.se, 2 mm. long, reflexed in anthesis; petals white, orbicular and unguiculate,
longer than the calyx; filaments spatulate, acuminate; ovary free; capsules usually purple,
somewhat inflated, 7 to 8 mm. long, cleft to the middle, the beaks becoming divaricate.
This species has long passed in American herbaria as S. punctata L. , a rare European species.
Among American species it can only be confused with S. nelsoniana Don, which is a smaller
plant with lobed rather than dentate leaves, pubescent stems and inflorescence, elliptical
unclawed petals, and a more or less condensed flower cluster. S. odontophylla ranges
from British Columbia to New Mexico and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2213; Elmer 2639; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2025; Flett 236, 278; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Cascade Mountains
above Stampede Tunnel, Henderson in 1892; Mount Adams, Sulsdorf 544; Wenache Moun-
tains, Whited 255; Silverton, Bouck 72a; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 570 (type);
Stevens Pass, Sandberg (& Leiberg, August, 1S93; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 17, 1896;
above Lake Chelan, Wilcox in 1883; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
The type is in the National Herbarium, sheet no. 289646.
8. Saxifraga nelsoniana D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 13: 355. 1822.
Saxifraga punctata nelsoniana Engler, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 548. 1869.
Type locality : Cape Newnham, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2214: Elmer 2640; Mount Rainier,
Allenm; Piper 2040; Smith, August, 1890; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Z;/a// in 1859;
Stevens Pass, Piper, July 7, 1895; Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfc Hull, August 24, 1892; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 716.
The Lyall specimen is peculiar and is referred here with doubt. It has the leaves doubly
dentate, scarcely cordate, pubescent on each side, perhaps viscid. It may be referable per-
haps to S. mertensiana.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
aN.Am. Fl. 22': 156. 1905.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 315
9. Saxifraga bongardi Presl, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 528. 1869.
Sax'ifixKjit Htdlarls hnnioninna Bong. Men). xVead. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 140. 1831, not Saxi-
fraga hrunnoniana Wall.
Sa:cifragn leucanthemifolid hrnnnnlann Engler, Monog. Sax. 135. 1872.
Saxifraga notJcanaUoc; Small. Bvill. Torr. Cnul) 23: 3r)8. 1896.
Type locality: "Sitka."
Range: Alaska to Oregon in the Cascade Mountains and westward
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2644; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49 , Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2026, 446; Smith, August, 1889; Allen 49; Goat
Mountains, Allen 199; Mount Adams, Suksdotf 542, 363; Klickitat River. Fleit 1316:
Silverton, Bouck 69; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 760; Skamania County,
Sulsdorf 2500; Bridge Creek, Elmer 691 ; Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfc Hull 468: Stevens Pa.ss,
Sandberg & Leiherg, August, 1893; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 6.57.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species is allied to S. stellaris L. and has often hceii thus referred.
10. Saxifraga marshallii Greene, Pittonia 1: 159. 1888.
Saxfraga occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 264. 1888.
Type locality : "On damp rocky hillsides, Hoopa ^'alley, Humboldt County, California. "
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California.
Specimens exa.mined: Mount Rainier, Pi])er 2034*; Goat Mountains, Allen 242*;
Wenache region, Brandegee 757*; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2212; Elmer 2646: lower
Cascade Mountains, Skamania County, SuJcsdoif 967 ; White Salmon, Suksdorf 269; Goat
Mountains, Allen, July 22, 1896; Mount Baker, Flett 857; Cape Horn, Piper 4969.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and in the Columbia Gap.
The specimens marked WTth an asterisk agree with the type of .S'. occidentalis in having
cl.ivate filaments. The remaining specimens are very similar in all other respects but have
subulate filaments. Watson included both forms in his original account of the species.
If the filament character proves to be a real specific distinction, as may indeed be the case,
we shall have two species of remarkable similarity. The form with subulate filaments is
allied to S. nivalis L., under which name it has been distributed. The form from the Colum-
bia Gap was referred in Hooker's Flora to S. vernalis Willd., and in Suksdorf's List to S.
refexa Hook.
Besides the above specimens a few others have been examined, evidently closely allied
to S. marshallil, but which we hesitate to refer there, namely: Wenache Mountains,
Whited 1040; Admiralty Head, Oscar Piper; Blue Mountains, Pljier, July, 1896.
The whole group is in need of critical revision.'-'
a In the recent treatment of Saxifraga Ijy Small in the North American Flora five
species are recognized under the generic name Micranthes in what I have here referred to
S. marshallii. The following characters are relied upon to distinguish them:
Filaments subulate - - M- rnfidnla Small.
Filaments clavate or spatulate.
Petals bimaculate M. marshallii (Greene).
Petals wholly white.
Cymules permanently compact.
Petals rounded at apex: species of northern Rocky
Mount ains M. occidentalis (S. Wats.; .
Petals notched at apex; species of the Northwest. . M. allenil Small.
Cymules lax and open.
Petals notched at the apex M. aeqiiidentata Small.
The value of the al)ove characters will have to be deteiinined by careful field study and
larger series of material. M. rufidula Small is probably a valid species, and according to
the above characters will include all of the specimens above not marked with an asterisk.
It may be remarked that this embraces most of the specimens from the bluffs of the
316 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
11. Saxifraga californica Greene, Pittonia 1 : 286. 1889.
Type locality: "Centnil parts of California in the Coast Range especially."
Range: Washington to California.
Speclmens examined: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall; Fort
Vancouver, Scouler.
Tliesp two specimens are thus referred witli nuich hesitancy.
12. Saxifraga plantaginea Small, Bull. Torr. Chih 23: :mx 1896.
Type locality: Spokane, Washington. Collected by Sandherg & Leiberg.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Sandberg d- Leiberg, May, 1893.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
13. Saxifraga Columbiana Piper, Bull. Toir. Clul) 27: .'^93. 1900.
Type locality : Pullman, Washington.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens exa.mined: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892;
Hangman Creek, Sandherg & Leiberg 16; Pullman, Pi^er 1496, 1808; Elmer 126; Almota,
Piper, May 27, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The Sandiierg & Leiberg collection was referred by Small f to ^S'. nuiifica Greene.
14. Saxifraga oregana Howell, Erythea 3: 34. 1895.
Type locality: "Mountain marshes of Oregon and Washington."
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympia, Eincaid, July 2, 1896; Henderson 2488; Tacoma,FZe«
181; Falcon Valley, Svlcsdorf 112^; Steilacoom, Piper, May, 1888.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
15. Saxifraga integrifoUa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 249. 1833.
Type locality: "Near the mouth of the Columbia." Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition; Roy, Allen 87; Tacoma, Flett
22, 60.
Zonal dlstribution : Humid Transition.
16. Saxifraga fragosa Suksdorf, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 363. 1896.
Saxifraga clayioniaefolia Canby, Bull. Torr. Clul) 23: 365. 1896.
Type locality: "Wet rocks near the Columbia River, W. Klickitat County, Wa.shing-
ton." Collected by Suksdorf.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suhsdorf \T27; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1128,
2201; Klickitat River, Flett 1305a, 1309, 1311; ERensburg, Whited 319; Wenache Moun-
tains, WUted 1040; Lake River, Clarke County, Suksdorf 2496, 2497; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Almota, Piper 1797, 2793; Elmer 139; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1179,
1311.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Columbia with thinner, nearly glabrous leaves, thus approaching S. californica closely, as
well as the alpine plant with thick leaves red-tomentose beneath.
The character relied upon to separate M. allenii and M. occidentalis does not seem
valid. At least a duplicate type specimen in the National Herbarium has most of its
petals entire at apex. It is very cjuestionable, too, if the character upon which M. aequi-
dentata is based will suffice to distinguish it from M. allenii. Differences in the compact-
ness of the cyme are subject to the degree of maturity of the specimens and to the effects
of altitude and exposure.
a Bull. Torr. Club 23: 366. 1896.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 317
17. Saxifraga apetala Piper, Bull. Toir. Cluh 27: :Ui. I'JUI).
Type locality: Eastern Washington. Collected l)v Vasey.
Range: Wenache Mountains.
Speclmens examined: Kittitas Mountains. Whili'il, May (i, 1896; north branch of
Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 1070; without locality, Vascij in 1889; Wenache Mountains,
Cotfon 1204.
Saxifraga punctata acutidentata Engler, Verb. Zool. Bot. fu's. Vienna 19: .i48.
1869. Type locality: "South Clear Creek, Cascacl(^ Mts." Collected by Lyall. Leaves
deeply dentate, not cordate; petioles dilated above. It is quite probable that there is an
error as to the above locality, as the Gray Herbarium specimen is labelled "Rocky Mts.,
Lat. 49° ' ' The plant has not been found in the Cascade Mountains by any recent collector.
TIARELLA.
Leaves merely lobed 1 . T. unifoliafa.
Leaves trifoliolate.
Leaflets coarsely dentate 2. T. frifoliata.
Leaflets deeply lobed or cleft 3. T. laciniata.
1. TiareUa unifoliata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 238. pi SI. 1833.
Petalosteira unifoliata Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 74. 1836.
Type locality: "Height of land in the Rocky Mts. near the source of the Columbia,
and at Portage River." Collected by Drummond.
Range: Alaska to Northern California, eastward to west Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2031; along Nisqually River, Alien 188;
Silverton, So?/cZ: 70; Stampede Pass, /7e?w7e/'.w/i, July, 1892; Yakima Pass, Watson 134;
Mount Adams, SuJcsdoif 120, 121; Stevens Pa.ss, Whifed 1452; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8,
1900; Xason Creek, Sandherg tfc Leiherg 673; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 466; Elmer 724;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 186; Usk, Kreager S7 1.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
2. TiareUa trifoliata L. Sp. PI. 1: 406. 1753.
TiareUa stenopetala PresI, Rel. Ilaenk. 2: 55. 1835.
Blondia trifoliata Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 75. 1836.
Type locality: "Habitat in Asia boreali.''
Range: Oregon to Alaska and northeast Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam Count}', Elmer 2775; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1859;
Seattle, Smii^ 86; Snoqualmie, Pa/te/', August, 1892; Steilacoom, Coo/Je/- in 1854; Skoko-
mish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 8; Roy, Allen 104; Mount
Adams, Sulcsdorf 121; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 18.59; Silverton, Bonck 5a, 71; Stevens
Pass, Sandherg cfc Leiherg, August, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. TiareUa laciniata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 239. pZ. 77. 1833.
Petalosteira laciniata Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 74. 1836.
TiareUa trifoliata laciniata Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 72. 1896.
Type locality: "North-West coast of America."' Collected l)y Menzies.
. Range: British Columbia and Washington.
Specimens examined: Lower Cascades, Skamania County, 5«t.«/o// 856 in part; Mount
Constitution, FleH 2735.
TELLIMA.
Petals sessile, pinnately parted .■ \.T . grandiflora
Petals clawed, palmately cleft.
Calyx obconic; petals 3-cleft - 2. 7'. parrifora.
Calyx campanulate; petals 3 to 7-cleft. 3. T. tenella.
318 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. TeUima grandifiora (Pursh) Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1178. 1828.
Mitella grandifiora Piirsli, Fl. 1: 314. 1814.
TiareUa altermfoUa Fisch.; Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 50. 1830.
Type locality: "On the northwest coast." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Southern California, west of the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3862; Clallam County, Elmer 2G45; Cascade
Mountains, latitude i^°,Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Smi^A 88; Ta.com&, Flett 61; upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 7 ; Silverton, Bouclc 73 ; Roy, Allen 102, May 19, 1889 ; Klickitat County,
SuhidorfU; Horseshoe Basin, Lair d' Hull 467; Elmer 743; Cape Horn, Piper 4973.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Tellima parviflora Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 239. pi. 78. 1833.
Lithophragma parviflora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 584. 1840.
Mitella parviflora Dictr. Syn. 2: 539. 1840.
Type locality: "North California " Menzif.s.
Range: British Columbia to California, eastward to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Orcas Island, Lijall in 1858;
Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Wenache, Whited 1017; West Seattle, Piper 89;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton, 333; White Salmon, SnTcsdorf 273; Spokane, Henderson,
May, 1892; Hangman Creek, Sarulberg cfc Leiberg 32; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861 ; Spokane
County, Mr.^. Tucker: Pullman, Elmer 171; Piper, May, 1893; Hull, May, 1892; Walla
Walla, Leckenhg, April, 1S9S.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Tellima tenella (Nutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 371. 1843.
Lithophragma tenella Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 584. 1840.
Type locality: "In the central range of the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the
Big Sandy and Siskadee rivers of the Colorado of the West, aljout lat. 42°." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming, southward to south California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache Region, Brandegee 761. Wenache, Whited 1017;
Ellensburg, Whited 261; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2T2h: White Salmon, Svksdorf 272;
Klickitat River, Flett 1307; Pullman, Elmer SO; Wawawai. Piper, May, 1893; Clarkston,
Hunter 2.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Rydberg a regards our plant as a distinct species under the name Lithophragma hulbi-
fera, stating that it diil'ers from its immediate allies in being bulbiferous in the leaf axils
and in having fimbriate instead of entire sepals.
Tellima glabra St cud. & {Lithophragma glabra Nutt.'), found by Nuttall in the Blue
Mountains of Oregon, is said by Rydbergrf to differ from T. tenella, which is known only
from the Rocky Mountains, in having muriculate seeds and pedicels larger than the cap-
sules.
CHRYSOSPLENIUM.
1. Chrysosplenium scouleri (Hook.) Rose, Bot. Gaz. 23: 277. 1897.
Chrysosplemum oppoKitifolium scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 242. 1834.
Chrysosplenium glechomaefolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 589. 1840.
Type locality: "Columbia River on the North West coast." Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1044; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 150;
Nisqually River, Flett 92; Mashel Mountain, Piper 2029, 748; Columbia River, Nuttall;
without locality, Cooper; Ilwaco, Piper 4992; Quinault, Conard 131.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
a N. Am. Fl. 22^: 86. 1906. c Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 584. 18^0.
b Nom. ed. 2. 2: 665. 1841. d N. Am. Fl. 222; 84, 85. 1906.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 319
MITELLA.
Stamoiis opposite the piniiatiful green petals I. M . pcntnndra.
Stamens alternating with the petals. *
Calyx green; petals pinnatifid.
Stems bearing 1 to 3 leaves : stoloniferoiis 2.M. caiilescens.
Stems leafless; not stoloniferoiis.
Leaves broadly reniform-eordate 3. M. breweri.
Leaves ovate 4. M. ovalis.
Calyx white; petals trifid or entire.
Petals entire ; calyx-lobes obtuse 5. M. micranfha.
Petals 3-cleft or 3-parted.
Raceme second; petals 3-parted with liliforni divaricate
lobes er 2042; ^ZZen 280, 310a ; Mount Adams, 5«^'«/o?/540 ; Sil-
verton, Bouclc SI; Stampede Pass, Henderson, June, October, 1892; Okanogan County,
Elmer 697; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 736; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, toward
Colville, Lyall; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 333
3. Rubus nivalis Dougl.; Hook. Fl, Bor. Am. 1: LSI. 1833.
Type locality: "On the liigh snowy ridges of the Rofky Mountains." Collected by
Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 78; Mashel Mountain, Piper 710;
Silverton, BoucJc 57a: Alma, Piper 1995; Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1880.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
This species is abundant in deep forests near the base of Mount Rainier. In such places,
however, it never blooms. Fertile plants must be sought either in recent burns or on
rocky outcroppings. The flowers are dull purplish in color.
4. Rubus macropetalus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 178. 1833. Dewberry. :^
Type locality: "In the valley of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, £■??»«• 2530; Montesano, //(//e/- 3887; Hocpiiam,
Lamb 1017; Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 79; De Fuca
Straits, Cooper; Silverton, Bouck 58; Lakeview, Henderson, July, 1892; Tsicoina., Flett 1;
McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Yakima Pass, Watson; Skokomish Valley,
Eineaid, May, 1892; ISason Creek, Sandberg S Leiherg 649; without locality, Vaseij in
1889; Roslyn, WJiited 408.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species is very close to R. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. of California, but it seems
distinct. It never has unifoliolate leaves, which are so commonly produced in the latter.
The plant referred by Cooper to R. trivialis Michx. is probably R. niacropetulus, but we have
been unable to find the specimen.
5. Rubus parvifiorus Nutt. Gen. 1:308.1818. Thimbi.k berry. ^
Rubus nutkanus ]\Io9.; DC. Prod. 2: 566. 1825.
Rubus velutinus Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. 140. 1832.
Type locality: "Island of Michilimackinack, Lake Huron."
Range: Alaska to California, New Mexico, and Lake Superior.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2518; Seattle, Piper 60; Tacoma, Flett
13; Mount Adams, SuJcsdoif 1758; iluckleshoot , Doctor Rithn; Silverton, Bouclc 53; Skoko-
mish \a\\o\, Eineaid, May, 1892; upper Niscjually Valley, Allen 25; Yesh&si'm, Sandberg &
Leiberg 542: Fa\con\&\]ey, Suhsdorf 17 oS; Tieton River, CoWon 455; Roslyn, W kited 400 \
without locality, Fa.5«^7/ in 1889; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 804; Pi;w, July 20, 1899; Skagit
Pass, Lake cfc Hiill, August, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake d' Hidl 502; Clarks Springs,
Ereager 38.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Rubus spectabilis Pursh, Fl. 1: 348. 1814. Salmon berry, j^
Type locality: "On the banks of the Coluinhia." Collected by Lewis, the exact
locality very near Deer Island.
Range: Alaska to northern California and north Idaho. In Washington it ascends to
1,600 feet altitude.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2513; Port Ludlow, Binns, April 10,
1889; Roy, Allen 97; Silverton, Bouck 56; Seattle, Piper 67; Tacoma, Flett 110: Wood-
lawn, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 26; Stampede Tunnel, He?i-
derson, June, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake d' Hull 503; Stevens Pass, Sandberg c£' Leiberg 726;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Two forms of this species occur, one with claret-colored or nearly Mack fruit, the other
with yellow fruit, the latter being the better flavored. The former may be distinguished
even in flower by the purple color of its twigs.
334 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Rubus strigosus Michx. Fl. 1:297.1803. Red raspberry.
Type locality: ''In montibus Pennsylvania et in Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to New Mexico and North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Watson; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer, September,
1897; without locality, Brnndeoee 739; Spokane, Piper 2268; along Salmon River, Horner
295.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
8. Rubus leucodermis Dougl.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 454. 1838. Blackcap.
Type locality: ''North AVest Coast of America." '
Range: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2516; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1858-59; near Satsop, Heller 4033; Seattle, Pifer 68; Tacoma, Flett 16; upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 24; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 704; Skagit Pass, Lake-d;
Hull 500; Snake River Blufl's, Bishops Bar, Piper 2881; Blue Mountains, Piper 2400.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
9. Rubus heaperius Piper, Erythea 5: 103. 1898.
Type locality: "Snake River Canon at Wawawai and Almota, Whitman County,
Washington."
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 116; Almota, Piper 1552;
Wawawai, Piper 1788.
Zonal distriblttion : Upper Sonoran.
10. Rubus laciniatus Willd. Ilort. Berol. pi. S2. 1816. Evergreen blatkberRY.
Type locality: Not known.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4001: Ilwaco, Piper.
This species readily escapes from cultivation and along the coast is becoming abundantly
established in the woodlands.
ROSA. Ro.sE.
Calyx lobes deciduous from the oblong fruit ; flowers small. 1.7?. gi/innocarjxi.
Calyx lobes persistent; flowers large.
Flowers mostly solitary; fruit globcse, 2 cm. broad - 2. E. nutkana.
Flowers in corj'mbs; fniit ovoid or oblong, 1 cm. broad or less 3. i?. pisocarpa.
1. Rosa gynmocarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 461. 1840.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and middle California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Mmer 2515; Montesano, fl^eZ/er 3897; Silverton,
Bouclc 60: upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 72; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 359; Mount Adams,
Flett 1333: Trout Lake, Flett 1338: Clealum, Henderson, October, 1892; Chambers Prairie,
Henderson, August, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1SS9; without locality. Cooper in 1854;
Columbia woods, Nnttall; Fort Colville, Watson; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899;
Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Rosa nutkana Presl, Epimcl. Bot. 203. 1849.
Type LOCALiTi': Nutka Sound. Collected by Haenke.
Range: Sitka to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Near Montesano, Heller 3875; Seattle, Piper 81; Engelmann cfc
Sargent, July 18, 1880; Port Ludlow, Binns; Goat Mountains, Allen 292; near Skagit
Pass, Lake iorth Yakima, Steinweg m 1894; near
>lorth Yakima, Henderson, Maj-, 1892; Prosser, Henderson, May, 1892; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 469; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen
123; Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 623, 621, 627, 179, 182, 620, 629; Colville, Watson 120;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Ereager 47; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg <& Leiherg
320; Tukanon River, Lake cfc Hull 819; Pullman, Piper 1538, 1541, July, 1893.
The typical form of this species occurs west of the Cascade Mountains. The eastern
Washington forms are very variable as to leaf and fruit and consist perhaps, of two species.
Specimens have frequently been referred to as Rosafendleri Crepin, but it is not at all clear
how this is to be distinguished.
Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht, in typical form at least, seems not to reach
Washington. Specimens so referred are probably forms of R. pisocarpa.
AGRIMONIA.
1. Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1: 49. 1842.
Type locality: "Auf ficin Gra.ssplatzen Pennsylvaniens und auf den Anhohen des
Berges 'Peaks of Otter.'"
Range: British Columbia and Northern Washington to New Brunswick, south to North
Carolina and Kansas.
We have seen no Washington specimens of this plant, but under the name of ^4. eupatoria
L. it is reported by Lyall "along the banks of the Sumass Lake and River and on the clear
grounds or prairies of the same name."
ALCHEMILLA.
1. Alchemilla arvensis occidentallis (Nutt.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 96. 1901.
Alchemilla occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1. 432. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky plains of the Oregon toward the sea." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 184; Seattle, Piper 602; west Klickitat
County, SulcsdorfllCi'r. Pullman, Piper, May, 1894.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
SANGTJISORBA.
Annual; flowers greenish 1. P. annua.
Perennial ; flowers white or reddish 2. P. latifolia.
1. Sangiiisorba annua Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 429. 1840.
Sanguisorba occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 429. 1840.
336 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Potenum annuum Nutt.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 198. 1834.
Type locality: "Red River in Louisiana."
Range: Vancouver Island to California and Arkansas.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Howell; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899;
Pullman, Piper 1.537; Clarks Springs, Kreager 106.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Sanguisorba latifolia (Hook.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 339. 1896.
Sanguisorba canadensis latifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 198. 1834.
Sanguisorba sitchensis C. A. Meyer; Trautv. & Mc3'er, Fl. Ochot. 35. 1856.
Potenum sitchense S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 303. 1878.
Type locality: "Observatory Inlet." Collected by Scouler.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Silverton, BoncTc in 1889; Snoqualmie Pass, Piper; Big Creek
Prairie, Lamb 1394; Fort Vancouver, collector not indicated; Skamania Count}', SvJcsdorf
966; Blue Mountains, Horner 415.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
The red-flowered form of this species is referred by Howell a to S. officinalis L. The
white-flowered ordinary form was referred to S. media L. in Hooker's Flora. It is also
the basis for the entr}- " Poterium canadense B. & II.?" of Suksdorf's list.
POTENTILLA.
Cymes leafy; annuals or biennials with small flowers.
Lower leaves pinnate, upper ternate 1 . P. rivalis.
Leaves all ternate.
Petals as long as the sepals 2. P. monspeliensis.
Petals much shorter than the sepals.
Cymes loose, rather broad; leaflets oi)lanceolate 3. P. millegrana.
Cymes narrow, elongated ; leaflets ol)ovate 4. P. biennis.
Cymes not leaf}^; perennials.
Leaves pinnate.
Flowers white ; receptacle long-bristly 16. P. neirberryi.
Flowers yellow; receptacle not long-bristly.
Calyx silky; leaflets 1 to 2 cm. long 14. P. cascadensis.
Calyx hairy; leaflets 2 to 6 cm. long 15. P. drummondii.
Leaves digitate.
Leaflets 3.
Plant densely silky-villous 12. P. villosa.
Plant glabrous or nearly so 13. P. JlabeUifolia.
Leaflets 5 to 9.
Low alpine plant, 20 to 30 cm. high; cyme few flowered. 5. P. dissecta.
Taller lowland plants, 40 to 80 cm. high; cymes many
flowered.
Leaflets pubescent on both sides.
Pubescence tomentose 6. P. permoUis.
Pubescence grayish-silky 7. P.fastigiata.
Leaflets glabrous at least above.
Under side of leaves white tomentose.
Teeth of the leaflets triangular 8. P. gracilis.
Teeth of the leaflets elongate 9. P. blascKkeana.
Under side of leaves green.
Leaflets slightly tomentose beneath .... 10. P. viridescens.
Leaflets glabrous on both sides 1 1 . P. nuttaUii.
a Fl. N.W.Am. 170. 1898.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 337
1. PotentiUa rivalis Xvitt ■ Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 437. 1840.
Type locality: "In alluvial soil along the Lewis Kiver." Collected b}' Xuttall.
Range: Wa.shington and Saskatchewan to ^lexico.
Specimens examined: Almota, Piper 2734.
Zonal distribl'tion: Upper Sonoran.
2. PotentiUa monspeliensis L. Sp. Pi. 1: 499. 1753.
PofentUJa hlrsufa Michx. F\. 1: 303. 1803.
PotentiUa norvegica American authors.
Ty^pe locality: "Monspelii.""
Range: Labrador to Virginia and westward. Asia.
Specimens examined: Latitude 49°, LyaU in 1858-9: Green River Hot Springs, Piper
441; Yelm Prairie, Pipe/' 483; Segualiche Lake, Piyw 442: Silverton, Po^/ct 51a: Marshall
Junction, Piper 2256.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
3. PotentiUa miUegrana Engelm.; Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Plamb. 1849: 11. 1849.
Poitntilla hncocnrpn Pvvdberg in Britt. & Br. 111. Fl. 2: 212. 1897.
Ty"pe locality: America borealis.
Range: Washington to Illinois, California, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 879, 68, 22; west Klickitat County, Svlcsdorf 170)0;
Mission, Kreager 491.
Zonal distribltion: Arid Transition.
4. PotentiUa biennis Greene, Fl. Fran. 1: 65. 1891.
PotentiUa lateriflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Clui) 23: 261. 1896.
Ty'pe LOCALITY': California "in moist places in the mountains from Butte Co. to Kern
and San Luis Obispo.''
Range: British Columbia and Assiniboia to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 22, 68, 877; Clealum, Henderson, August, 1892;
AVenache, Whited 76, 1077; Ellensburg, Whited A':&\ Elmer 381; Piper, May, 1897; Pasco,
Ilindshaw 42; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg cC' Leiherg 2^9: Almota, Lake & Hull 521;
Piper 1847; without locality, Vasey 313; Mej'ers Falls, Ereager 501.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. PotentiUa dissecta Pursh, Fl. 1: 355. 1814.
PotentiUa divertiijolia Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2: 9. 1830.
Type locality: "Near Hudson's Bay."
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Goat Mountains, Allen 121, 251; Cascade Mountains to Fort
Colville, latitude 49°, Lj/a// in 1860: without locality, T^ase;y.- Wenache Creek, Coj in
1889, August 7, 1882.
lb. Horkelia fusca teneUa S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 181. 1876.
Horlelia ienella Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 55. 1898.
Type locality: Sierra County, California.
Range; California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Fletf 1334.
2. HorkeHa utahensis (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mon'. N. A. Pot. 150. 1898.
Ivesia utahem-is S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 371. 1882.
Type locality: "Summit of Bald Mountain in the Wasatch range, above AUa, at over
12000 feet altitude," Utah.
Range: Washington to California and I'tali.
Specimens examined; Cascade Mountains, Brandegee in 1883; Mount Stuart, Elmer:
without locality, Vaseij in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
oFl. Bor. Am. 1: 190. 1838.
3-1:0 CONTRIBUTIOXS FROM THE NATIONAL HEEEARIUM.
3. Horkelia gordoni alpicola Rj^dberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 152. 1898.
hrsia aiincohi liydUn-g; Howell, Fl. N.^W. Am. 1: 182. 1898.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington.
Range: "\Va.shington to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892; FJett 1020: Blue Mountains,
Piper, July, 1896; Horner 424.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
SIBBALDIA.
1. Sibbaldia procurabens L. Sp. PI. 1: 284. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Scothiae."
Range: Alaska and Greenland, southward to California, Colorado, and the White iloun-
tains. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper
2024; Alien 64; ilount Stuart, Brandefjee 748; east Cascade Mountains, latitude 4Q°,Lyall
in 1860: Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
FRAGARIA. Strawberry.
Leaves thick, silk}- and tomentulose l)eneath.
Leaflets cuneate; flowers 1.5 to 2 cm. broad \. F. cnneifolia.
Leaflets broadly obovate; flowers 2 to 3.5 cm. broad.
Leaves strong!}- reticulate beneath 2. F. chiloensis.
Leaves not strongly reticulate beneath 3. F. crinifa.
Leaves not at all tomentulose.
Leaflets thin subsessile, pale green; akenes superficial.
Flowers white 4. F. hractenfa.
Flowers pink 5. F. heUeri.
Leaflets somewhat glaucous, thicker, petiohilatc: akenes s^^t in pits;
flowers white &. F . pJatypetala.
1. Fragaria cuneifolia Xutt.; Howell, Fl. X. W. Am. 1: 174. 1898.
Type locality: Ort>gon. Collected by Xuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens e.xamined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 48()\ Palace Camp, Pierce County, Mrs.
Bailey Willis in 1883.
This is probably not distinct from F. chilfjensis.
2. Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. Hist. Xat. Frais. 165. 1766
Fragaria vesca chiloensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 495. 1753.
Fragaria chiloensis scovleri S. Wats. Bibl. Lid. 282. 1878.
Type locality: "Li arvis circa civitatem Conception," Chile.
Range: British Columbia to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Ebner 252S; Humptulips, Lamh 1098a; Ihvaco,
Piper 4993.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Fragaria crinita Rydberg, Mon. X. A. Pot. 171. 1898.
Type locality: Washington. Collected l)y the Wilkes Expedition.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Admiralty Head, Piper, April 17, 1898; Easton, Whiied 147;
Roslyn, Whifed 418; Mount Storm King, Lairrence 337.
4. Fragaria bracteata Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 194. 1896.
Type locality: Santa Fe, Xew Mexico.
Range: British Columbia to California and Xew Mexico.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 341
Specimens examined: Whid'oy Island, (rrt/v/jitv 102; Lopez Island, Ly«// i;i 1858; Silver-
ton, Bouck 54; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June
9, 1892; west Klickitat County, Sukfidorf 117.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. I?ragaria helleri Ilolzinger, Bot. Gaz. 21: 30. 1896.
Tvi'i: locality: Idaho.
Range: Idaho and Washington.
Specimens examined: Olynipia, Hcmhr.son in 1S92; Woodlawn, Henderson in 1892.
These specimens may really be forms of the pieceding.
6. Fragarla platypetala Rydherg, .Mon. X. A. Pot. 177. 1898.
Type locality: Alaska.
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Along Twisp River, Whihd ISS); Kliekitat River, Fleff 1408;
Rock Creek, Sandhere/ d- Leiherg 86; without locality, ]'(iseij in 1889; Spokane Valley
Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 262.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This is the western representative of F . virgininna Ducli., to which it has been referred,
ARGENTINA.
1. Argentina anserina (L.) Rydberg, Mon. X. A. Pot. 159. 1898.
PoientiUn anserina L. Sp. PI. 1: 495. 1753.
Potentilla anserina grandis Torr. & Clr. Fl. 1 : 444. 1840.
Potentilla pacifica Howell, Fl. X. W. Am. 179. 1898.
Type locality; "Habitat in Euix)pae pascuis; in argillosis argentea."
Range; Circumboreal, extending southward in Xorth America to Xew Jersey, Arizona,
and California.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1080; Clallam County, Elmer 2525; Orchard
Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Fleff 212; Ilwaco, Piper 4920.
Zonal distribution: Hiunid Transition.
la. Argentina anserina concolor R\'dberg, Mon. X. A. Pot. 160. 1898.
PofentiUa anserina concolor Ser. in DC. Prod. 2: 582. 1825.
Type locality; Xone given.
Range; Alaska to New Mexico. Maine. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Along Methow River, Whited 9, 226; Alma, Elmer 545; Cascade
.Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spangle, Piper, May 31, 1901; Marshall Junction,
Piper 2255; without locality, \'asey 319; Mission, Kreager 485.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition.
COMARUM.
1. Comarum palustre L. Sp. PI. 1: 502. 1753.
Potentilla palustns Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 1: 359. 1772.
Type locality: European.
Range: N^orthern portion of Xorth America. Europe. Asia.
Speclmens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper, July, 1892; White Salmon
Suhftdorf : Marshall Jimction, Piper, July, 1896; Big Meadows, Stevens County,
Kreager 427.
Zonal distribution: Tuansitio.n.
DASIPHORA.
1. Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydberg, Mon. X. A. Pot. 188. 1898.
Potentilla jruticom L. Sp. PI. 1: 495. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Eboiaco, Anglia, Oelandia australi, Sibiria."
342 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California, New Jersc}', and New Mexico.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens ex.\mined: Cascade Mountains to Colviile, Lyall in 1860; without locality,
Vasey 316; Mission, Kreager 490; Wenache Mountains, Cotton I65I3.
Zonal distribution: Canadian^
la. Dasiphora fruticosa tenuifolia (Willd.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. ISO. 1898.
Poientilla tenuifolia Willd.; Schlecht. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 7: 28.5. 1813.
PotentUIa fruticosa ienuifolia Lehm. Monog. Pot. 20 1820.
Type locality: "Aus Sibirien."
Range: Same as of the preceding.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Mount Rainier, Piper 1997;
Wenache Mountains, Elmer 162: Horseshoe Basin, Lake (t Hull 519.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
DHYMOCALLIS.
Style filiform, more than twice as long as the akcnes 1 . D. rhoniboidea.
Style filiform, less than twice as long as the akenes.
Flowers cream-color.
Stems 20 to 50 cm. high ; alpine plant 2. D. ff^eudornpestris.
Stems 30 to 100 cm. high ; lowland plant 3. D. eonvallaria.
Flowers yellow.
Sepals broadly ovate 7. D. mrangeliana.
Sepals lanceolate to ovate.
Herbage nearly glabrous 6. D. glahrala.
Herbage very glandular.
Petals much larger than the sepals 4. D. valida.
Petals scarcely larger than the sepals 5. D. glandulosa.
1. Drymocallis rhomboidea Rydberg, Mon. X. A. Pot. 203. 1898.
Poteniilla rhomboidea Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 248. 1896.
Type locality: Nevada. Collected by Wat.son.
Range: Washington to Montana, Nevada, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Si/A:sfZo// 119; Fleff \332.
2. Drymocallis pseudorupestris Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 194. 1898.
Poientilla pseudorupestris Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Clab 24: 250. 1897.
Poteniilla glandulosa nevadensis S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 178. 1876, not
P. nevadensis Boiss. ^
Type locality: Little Belt Mountains, Montana.
Range: Alberta to Washington and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, i57/ts(Zo// in 1885.
This suppo.sed species seems to me quite identical with the Old World Potent ilia rupestt is L.
3. Drymocallis eonvallaria Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 193. 1898.
Poientilla eonvallaria Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 249. 1897.
Type locality: Bozeman, Montana.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and Assiniboia.
Speclmens examined: Conconully, WJiiied 1312: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 470;
Loomis, Elmer .565; Pullman, Piper 1.528; Elmer 820.
Zonal distribution: Arid transition.
This species is very closely allied to the eastern D. arguia, to which it has often been
referred.
4. Drymocallis valida (Gieene).
Poteniilla valida Greene, Pittonia 3: 20. 1896.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 343
PotentiUa ghitinosa Xutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 446. 1840, as synonym.
Drymocallis glutinosa Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 196. 1898.
Potent ilia Jissa inajor Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 446. 1840. not P. venia major Wahl.
Type locality: "In the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island."
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming, Utah, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 110; falcon Valley, Sitksdorf 22U:
Wenache, Whiied 110; Clealum, Whited 415; Wenache Mountains, F^i/ec? 732; Spokane
County, Mrs. Tucker; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Loomis, Elmer 564; without
locality, Vasey 317; Pullman, Piper 1528.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. Drymocallis glandulosa Rydberg, Mon. X. A. Pot. 198. 1898.
PotentiUa glarululosa Lindl. Dot. Reg. 19: pi. 1.5SS. 1833.
Type locality: California.
Range: British Columbia and .Alberta to New Mexico and California.
Specimens examined: G len wood, F?fer78; Wenaclie Mountains
1095; Blue Mountains, Piper 2444, 2446; Olympic Mountains, Flett 82.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
Some of the aljove specimens have been referred to D. rejlexa (Greene) Rydl>erg.
5a. Drymocallis glandulosa incisa (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 199. 1898.
PotentiUa glandulom incisa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: pi. 197S. 1837.
Type locality: California.
Range: Idaho and Wtishington to California.
Speclmens examined: Skamania County, Suli.sdorf'IWil.
6. Drymocallis glabrata Rydberg, Mon. X. A. Pot. 201. 1898.
Type locality: EUensburg, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: EUensburg, Elmer 412.
7. Drymocallis wrangeUiana (Fisch. & Lall.; Rydberg, Mon. X. A. Pot. 201. 1898.
PotentiUa wrangeUiana Fisch. & Lall. Animad. Bot. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 7: .34. 1840.
Type locality: Inthe Russian colony of New California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2526; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2024,
2000; west Klickitat County, Suhsdorf 1761; Manor, Piper; Bingen, SuJisdoif 2209;
Vancouver, Piper 4927.
Zonal distribution: Transitii>n and Fludsonian.
DRYAS.
1. Dryas octopetala L. Sp. PI. 1: 501. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis, Austriacrs, Sabandicis,
Hibernicis, Sibiricis."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Labrador and in the mountains, to V\'asli-
ington and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49~^, Lyall in 1860: near Loomis,
Elmer in 1897; Mount Rainier, Flett 2166.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
GEUM.
Segments of the leaves and their lobes acute 1. (r. .itrictmn.
Segments of the leaves and their lobes obtuse.
Flowers large ; style glabrous. 2. G. macrophylluin.
Flowers small ; style puberulent 3. (?. oregonense.
344 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Geum strictum Soland.: Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 217. 1789.
Type locality: "North America."
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to Arizona, Missouri, and New
Jersey.
Specimens examined: Along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 516; nine miles southwest
Pullman, Piper. July 9, 1901.
2. Geum macrophyllum Willd. Enum. 557. 1809.
Type lckality: "Camtsrliatca."
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado, Siberia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2524; Montesano, Keller 3947; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, BoucTc 53; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf288;
Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Beaver Creek, Whited 192; Rock Lake, Lake &
Hull 515.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species is very close to if not identical witli Geum japonlcum Thunb. "
3. Geum oregonense Scheutz, Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsala 7: 26. 1869.
Type locality: "Habit, in regione Oregonensi."
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 528(0: Spokane County, Suksdorf 289;
J/rs. Susan Tucker: Harrington, Sandherg d' Leiberg 219; Marshall Junction, Piper, July,
1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889: Clarks Springs, Kreager 39; Loon Lake, Beaftie dc
Chapman 2083.
Zonal distkibltion: Arid Transition.
SIEVERSIA.
Flowers pale purplish ; styles plumose . \. S. ciliafa.
Flowers yellow ; styles glabrous 2. S. rossii.
1. Sieversia ciliata (Pursh).
Geum ciliatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 352. 1814.
Geum tnflorum Pursh, Fl. 2: 736. 1814.
Type locality: "On the Kooskooskee." Collected by Lewis; the exact spot on the
Quamash Flats, now Weippe, Idaho.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to Arizona, Missouri, and New York.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2529; Olympic Mountains, J . M . Grant
in 1889; Whidby island, Gardner 105; Klickitat River, Flett 1324; Wenache, Whited 126,
1163; Ellensburg, Whited 731; Spokane, Dewart, May 6, 1901; Hangman Creek, Sandherg
& Leiberg 64; Pullman, Hull 517; Piper 1532; Clarks Springs, Kreager 22; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton .554.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
Dr. E. L. Greene has proposed a new genus for this species and its immediate allies,
Erythrocoma. A subspecies of S. ciliata, characterized by having the bractlets cut into
filiform segment is designated Erythrocoma ciliata ornata Greene. b
2. Sieversia rossii R. Br. in Parry's 1st Voyage App. 276. 1824.
Geum rossii Ser. in DC. Prod. 2: 553. 1825.
Type locality: Melville Island.
Range: Arctic regions, south to Washington and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 245, 1182.
Dr. Greene has recently proposed a new genus Acomastylis with this species as its type.
Elmer's number 1182 is considered a new species, A. depressa Greene.
a Fl. Jap. 220. 1784. & Leaflets 1: 178. 1906.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 3-1:5
CERcbCARPXJS.
1. Cercocarpus ledifolius Mutt ; Torr. &Gi'. Fl. 1 : 427. 1840. Mountain mahogany.
Type locality: Boar River, Idaho. Colleotod by Niittall.
Range: Washington and Wyoming, southward to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Near Salmon River, Horner 298; Blue MountaiiT^, Lalce ct* Hvll,
July, 1892; Piper 2449.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
KXJNZIA.
1. Kunzia tridentata (Pursh) Spreng. S^-st. 2: 475. 1825. Antelope brush.
Piirshia tridentata DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12: 1.58. 1817.
Ti.garea tridentata V\ivs\\,Y\. 1:333. 1814.
Type locality: "In the prairies of the Rocky Mountains and on the Columbia River."
Collected by Lewis.
Range: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Montana.
Specimens examined: Wenachc, Whitedll, 1064; Ellcnsburg, £■//// er 384; Piper, ^\&y,
1897; North Yakima, Flett 1037; Pasco, Hindshav 34; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892;
Hunts Junction, Leckenbi/, April, 1898; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherrj d' Leiherg 293;
Moses Coulee, Lalce c£' Hull 497 ; without locality, Vasey in 1889 ; Wenas, Griff ths cC- Cotton 97.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
MALACEAE. Apple Fa^hily.
Flowers racemose; ca:-pcls fleshy in fruit Amelanciiier fp. 345)
Flowers corymbose.
Carpels stony in fruit ..... Cr.\taegus (p. 346).
Carpels papery in fruit Pyrus (p. 347).
AMELANCHIER. Serviceberry.
Twigs pale or ashy.
Leaves cuneate at base A. A. cuneata.
Leaves rounded at base 2. .1. ritahen-tis.
Twigs not ashy.
Leaves tomentosc beneath when young, serrate only toward tlie apex. 1. A. Jlurida.
Leaves glabrous when young.
Petals 2 cm. long; leaves bright green 3. -I. rusiclcii.
Petals 1 to 1.5, cm. long; leaves palhd 5. ^1. hasalticola.
1. Amelanchier fiorida LindL Bot. Reg. 19: pi. 1580. 1833.
Auielanchier oralis seiniintegrifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 202. 1834.
Type locality: "Northwest America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to CaUfornia.
Specimens e.\.a.mined: Montesano, Heller 3958; Lopez Island, Li/aU in 18.58: Fidalgo
Island, Flett 1940; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper, July 4,
1897; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; Rock Island, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Klickitat
River, Flett 1325; Ellensburg, Whited 322; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Chelan,
Lake c& Hull, August 25, 1892; Rock Creek, Piper 2831; Almota, Hull 499; Union Flat,
Piper, April 29, 1897; Henderson, July 1-8, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1534; Clallam County,
Elmer 2512; Nisqually Valley, Allen 214; Mount Adams, Flett 1325.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This is by far the most abundant species in Washington and it has commonly been referred
to A. almfolia Nutt. In Cooper's Report it was named A. canadensis var.
^
346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Amelanchier utahensis Koehne, Berlin Ostein. 32:^r/. 2. 1S90.
Amelandiler alnifolia utahensis Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 5: 679. 1895.
Type locality: Leeds, Utah.
Range: Washington to I'tah.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1028 in part; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
569, 571, 365; Rock Creek, Sandherg <&. Leiherg 94.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Amelanchier cusickii Fernald, Erythea 7: 121. 1899.
TiPE locality: "On stony hillsides. Union County, Oregon." Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1028 in part, 1344; Fort Colville, LijalJ in 1861 :
Rock Lake, Piper 2830; Spokane, Piper 2694; Union Flat, Piper 2732; Elmer 135; AVawa-
wai. Piper 3812; Meyers Falls, Bealtie d' Chapman 2175.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Amelanchier cuneata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 392. 1900.
Type locality: Ellensi)uig, Washington.
Specimens examined: Ellonsburg, Piper 2713.
5. Amelanchier basal ticola Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 100. 1901.
TiPE locality: BluO's of Snake River, Whitman County, Washington, opposite Clarks-
ton.
Range: Bluffs of Snake River in Washington and Idaho.
Speclmens examined: Wawawai Bluffs, Piper 3823; opposite Clarkston, Hunter 39.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Amelanchier sp. Specimens collected by Ilcllei- (no. 3958) at Montesano and by Lamb
(no. 1190) at Ilumptulips represent a species close to A. florida, but seemingly distinct.
More and better material is needed.
CRATAEGUS. Thorn apple.
Fruit rod; spines 4 to 6 cm. I'mg.
Calyx and fruit glabrous 1. C. columhiana.
Calyx and fruit tomentose. 2. C. piperi.
Fruit black ; spines 2 to 3 cm. long 3. C. hreinspina.
1. Crataegus columbiana Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 163. 1898.
Type locality: "Common along the Columbia River and its tributaries east of the Cas-
cade Mountains. "
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 505; Spokane, Piper 2387; Sulcsdorf
919; Rock Creek, Sandberg S Leiherg 91; 6 miles south of Pullman, Piper 3809; Colville,
Kreager 523.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This species has been mistaken for the eastern C. macracantlia Lodd. It also forms
the basis for the entry "C. totnentosa L. var. " in Suksdorf's list.
2. Crataegus piperi Britton, Torreya 1: 55. 1901.
Type locality: Pullman, Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington, Idaho, and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited, September 2, 1899; 1209, 1293; Brandegee in
1883; Pullman, Piper 1535; Elmer in 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoian.
This may be only a subspecies of the former, with which it sometimes occurs, being indis-
tinguishable except by the pubescence.
PIPER FLOKA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 347
3. Crataegus brevispina (Dougl.) Ik'ller, Cat. N. A. PI. od. 2. G8. 1000.
Crataegus doiiglasii Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pJ. 1810. 1835.
Crataegus punctata breinspina Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 201. 1833.
Type locality: "Common on banks of streams on tlie north-west coast of America."'
Collected by Douglas and by Scouler.
E,.4NGE: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens ex.-^mined: Seattle, Pijyer; Peshastin, Sawlherg cfc Leiberg 544; Wenache,
Whited 1292, 1070,89; Ellensburg, FAiQ'o\
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2563; Moss Creek, Suksdorf 2565, 2564; Tacoma, Fleit
112; Leckenbg, June 10, 1898; Cliarleston, Piper, July 2, 1895; without locality, Tw;.se;/ in
1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
26. Lupinus sabimi Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1830.
Type locality: "On the Blue Mountains of North America, and on the dividing ridge of
the Rocky Mountains near the confines of perpetual snow." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Blue Mountains of Washington and probably of Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mountains near Waitsburg. Piper 2331, Horner 91 ; near the same
place, CwstcA- 3011.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
These specimens have somewhat smaller flowers than Douglas' originals, and difl'er
slightly in pubescence.
27. Lupinus sulphureus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1830.
Type locality: "On the Blue Mountains of North West Ar:-rica and on elevated
grounds near the sources of Clarke's River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Piper 2332; Horner 87, 88.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian or Canadian.
28. Lupinus laxifiorus Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. IIJ^O. 1828.
Lupinus arhustus \\mg\. Bot. Reg. 15: p/. 1230. 1829.
Type locality: "In dry, open, gravelly plains about the great rapids of the River Co-
lumbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache Region, Brandegee 703; North Yakima, Heiiderson
2337; Ellensburg, Piper 2727; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2.569; Columbus, Suksdorf 1792;
For illustration of Lupinus rivularis, .see Plate X, facing page 43.
358 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Chenowitb, Sul-fi(]oif256S; without locality, T'a.se;/ 264: Blue Mountains, //o/7it7' 277; Piper
2329; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1301; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1519: Wenache,
Whited 96, 41, 3, 104, and June 28, 1896; near Wenache, Whited 120: Wenache, Whited 1105.
Zonal distribl-tiox: Arid Transition.
28a. Lupinus laxiflorus, forma theiochrous Robinson, forma nov.
C'orol la sulpl i u r-yelio\v .
Specimens examined: Near top of ridge, northern slope of Rattlesnake Mountains,
Yakima County, W^ashington, ./. S. Cotton, July 16, 1900.
Lupinus holosericeus X^itt, Lupinus argenteus Pursh, Lupinus parviflokus Xutt.
These three names are included in Suksdorfs list, but we have been unable to lind good
evidence that the species occur in the State.
ULEX.
1. TJlex europaeus L. Sp. PI. 2: 741. 1753'. Gorse. Furze.
Type locality: "Habitat in Anglia, Gallia, Brabantia."
This plant is well established on Alki Point near Seattle, and has also l)een reported from
other localities.
MELILOTUS.
Flowers white 1 . M. alhus.
Flowers yellow 2. M . officinalis.
1. Melilotus albus Desr. in Lam. Encyc. 4: 63. 1797. Sweet clover.
Type locality: Siberia.
Specimens e.xamined: North Yakima, M'ott, August, 1895; Egbert Springs, Sandherg &
Leibcrg 398.
2. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Fl. Fr. 2: .594. 1778. Yellow melilot.
Trifolium melilotus officinalis L. Sp. PI. 2: 765. 1753.
Type locality: Flurope.
Specimens exa.mined: Okanogan, Griffiths d' Cotton 345.
TRIFOLIUM. Clover.
Leaflets 5 to 7 ; flowers large, 2 to 3 cm. long 1. T. inacrocephalum..
Leaflets 3; flowers smaller.
Heads not subtended by an involucre.
Perennials; with thick roots or creeping root stocks.
Heads on a.xillary peduncles; introduced.
Flowers white; stems creeping 10. T. repens.
Flowers pink ; stems procumbent 1 1 . T. hyhridum.
Heads on terminal peduncles; native.
Leaves glabrous; corolla red 2. T. douglasii.
Leaves pubescent.
Calyx-teeth plumose.
Heads ovoid, becoming oblong 3. T. plumosum.
Heads globose.
Lobes of the calyx subequal, .3 to 4
times as long as the tube 4. T. eriocephahtm.
Lobes of the calyx unequal, the
anterior twice as long as the calyx
tube and the other lobes 5. T. arcuatum.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 359
Calyx teeth haiiy, not plumose.
Flowers red ; stipules aristate 9. T. prafevse.
Flowers whitish; stipules not aiistate.
Flowers pedicelled; heads globo.se . (J. T. latifoJirnn.
Flowers subsessile.
Heads obovate; corollas not
inflated: leaflets soft; stip-
ules acuminate 7.7'. hmgipex.
Heads globose; corollas i.i-
flated; leaflets firm; .stip-
ules obtusish S. T. coriUei.
Annuals; roots fibrous.
Calyx teeth plumose.
Heads ovate; flowers dark purple 12. T. (ilhojmrpurfum-
Heads oblong; flowers pink 13. 7'. arvense.
Calyx teeth not plumose.
Corollas whitish, not becoming paper\\
Teeth of the calyx scarious-margined aiul
ciliate 14. 7'. cilid/d/inn.
Teeth of the caly.x not scariou.s-margined
nor ciliate.
Leaflets not notched at apex 15. T. gracilentum .
Leaflets notched at apex 16. T. Tiallii.
Corollas yellow, becoming papery in age.
Heads 20 to 40-flowered; standard distinctly
striate 17. T . jirocanibeus.
Heads 3 to 15-fiowered; standard faintly
striate IS. T. Juhium.
Heads subtended by an involucre.
Corolla becon^ng conspicuously inflated, yellowish 19. 7'. jiavuluju.
Corolla not becoming inflated.
Involucre deeply cleft, the lobes laciniately toothed;
flowers dark purple.
Perennial with creeping rootstocks 20. T .Jimhriatutn.
Annuals.
Stems erect; caly.x-lobes often 3-toothed;
leaflets linear 21 . 7\ Irldi ntatum.
Stems decumbent ; calyx-lobes usually entire.
Leaflets linear 22. T. oliganiluun.
Leaflets obovate or obcordate 23. T. variegafuni
Involucre not deeply cleft, its lobes serrate or entire;
flowers white or pale pink, annuals.
Glabrous; calyx teeth slender and branched 24. J. cyatjiiferum.
Villous; calyx teeth scanous-margined.
Involucre nearly inclosing the head 25. T. microdon.
Involuci'e merely basal 2(). T. nncroci phahim.
1. Trifolium macrocephalum (Pursh) Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 5: 330. 1.S17.
Lu pinaster macrocepalus Pursh, Fl. 2: 479. 1S14.
Jrijolium megacephalum Jvutt. Gen. 2: 105. 1818.
Type locality: "Headwaters ot the Missouri." Collected b}' Lewis. The specimens
were really collected, however, at "Rock Fort Camp," tlie Dalles of the Columbia.
Range; Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and Idaho.
360 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, TFAiffrf 1355, II : North Yakima, Mrs. Sfehnccr/
in 1894; Klickitat County, Howell 126; Clenian Mountain, Henderson in 1892; near Mount
Kd&mSjFlett 1259; "Ketetas" Valley, Lyall in 1860; Blue ilountains near source of Walla
Walla River, Douglas in 1826; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Klickitat Hills, Gorman,
April, 1895; Kittitas County, Colton 1606.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Trifolium douglasii House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 335. 1906.
Trifollnin altlss'iiitinn\)ow^\.: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 130. 1830, not Loisel. Fl. Gall. 2: 479,
1807.
Type locality: "Between the Spokane River and Kettle Falls of the Columbia." Col-
lected by Douglas.
Range: North Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: "E* of W.Walla," iVw/ZoZZ; Spokane County, iS't/Z^Wo?/; Spokane,
Henderson, June, 1892: Pullman, Piper 1485; Hidl 436; without locality, Geyer 472.
Zonal distribl'tion: Arid Transition.
3. Trifolium plumosum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 130. 1830.
Type locality: "Blue Mts. in Nortli-Wcst America in alluvial soils." Collected by
Douglas.
Ran(;e: Western Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and doubtfully southeastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Douglas in 1830 (a Washington locality?).
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
4. Trifolium eriocephalum Nutt.; Torr. ^c Gr. Fl. 1: 313. 1838.
Type l()( alijy; "Prairies of the Wahlamet and near Fort Vancouver." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Fort Vancouver, Nuttall.
Zonal di.stribution: Humid Transition.
5. Trifolium arcuatum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 39. 1901. *
Type locality: Simcoe Mountains, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined; Simcoe Mountains, Suksdorf 270.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. TrifoHum latifolium (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 223. 1897.
Trifolium lonyipes latifolium Hook. Lond. Journ. Eot. 6: 209. 1847.
Type locality: "Open pine woods on the undulating ridges of the Coeur d'Alene
Mountains, near St. Josephs," Idaho. Collected by Geyer.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined; Upper Naches River, Henderson, June, 1892; Mount Adams,
Henderson, August, 1892; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July, 1892; Clealum, Hendenon,
June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 437; Peshastin, Sandherg d: Leiherg 527; Spokane
County, Suksdorf 919, 918; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
7. Trifolium longipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 314. 1S38.
Tnjoliuin caurinurn Piper, Ervthea 6: 29. 1898.
Type locality: "Valleys of the central chain of the Rocky Mountains and on the moist
plains of the Oregon as low as the Wahlamet." Collected by Nuttall.
RANtiE; Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Big Creek Prairie, Zr/w/*; Clallam County, A'Zmfr 2538; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf in 1878; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2577; Klickitat River, Flett 1263;
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 361
'Columbia and Wiilla Walla," .V«//a//.- without locality, Brand<'(iee 708; without locality,
Vase)/ in 1889; Clealum, Cotton 855; Wcaache Mountains, Cotion 1817, 1314, 1316, 1462;
Cape Horn, Piper 520, 4970.
Zonal distribution: Transition t)r Canadian.
8. Trifoliuni covillei House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 337. 1906.
Type loc-\litv: Bog lands in the Wenaclie Mountains, Kittitas County, Washington,
collected by Coville.
Specimen examined: Wenache Mountains, CovUIe 1180.
9. Trifolium pratense L. .Sp. PI. 2: 768. 1753. Red clover.
Type locality: European. Abundantly cultivated and established in fields and by
waysides.
10. Trifoliuni repens L. Sp. PI. 2: 767. 175:3. White clover.
Type locality: European. Established in most parts of the State.
11. Trifoliuni hybridum L. Sp. PI. 2: 766. 1753. Alsike clover.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper, July, 1893. Cultivated and established in fields
and by waysides nearly every wiiere.
12. Trifolium albopurpureum Torr. ilCiv. Fl. 1: 313. 1838.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California west of the Cascades.
Specimens examined: Whatcom, Svk.'^ch)/ 2578: Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890; Seattle,
Smith in 1889; Piper in 18^9.
Zonal distribution: liumid Transition.
This species has been considered identical with the Chilean 7'. maeraei Hook. & Arn.,
but it seems amply distinct.
13. Trifoliuni arvense L. Sp. PI. 2: 769. 1753. RABBn-ForjT clover.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa, America septentrionali."
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper; Pullman, Piper, .Iidy 24, 1899.
14. Trifoliuni ciliolatuni Benth. PI. Hartw. 304. 1848.
Trijoliurn eiliatum Xutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. s. 1: 152. 1847, not Clarke 1813-16.
Type locality: "In pascuis vallis Sacramenti," California.
Range: Klickitat County, Washington, to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Sulsdorf 44.
15. Trifoliuni gracilentum Torr. Sc Or. Fl. X. Am. 1: 316. 1838.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Whatcom, SMi-Sfior/" 1800; Port Ludlow, i?in/i.s, May 25, 1890.
Zon'al distribution: Humid Transition.
16. Trifoliuni hallii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 135. 1898.
Trifolium bijidiiin decipiens Greene, Fl. Fran. 1: 24. 1891, not J . decipiensHovnt^in. 1815.
Trifolium greenei House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 334. 1906.
Type locality: "In the Bay district," California.
Range: Washington to California west of the Cascades.
Speclmens examined: Alki Point, Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Klickitat County
Suk\dorf 8; White Salmon, Sulcsdorf 349.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
17. Trifolium procumbens L. Sp. PI. 2: 772. 1753.
Type locality: European.
vSpECiMENs examined: Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Suk-sdoff 1804; Tacoma, Leckenhy,
May, 1898.
18. TrifoUum dubium Sibth. Fl. Oxon. 231. 1794.
Trifolium minus Smith, Engl. Bot. fl. 1256. 1799.
Type locality: Near Oxford, England.
Specimens examined: Chenowith, Svhsdorf 2585.
19. Trifolium flavulum Greene, Pittonia 2: 223. 1892.
Type locality: Western California.
Range: Western California.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binn.^, May 25, 1890; Wliatcom, Suh'tdoif 1802;
Seattle, Piper in 1889.
These are probably all introduced from California.
20. Trifolium fimbriatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi 1070. 1827.
Trifolium spinulosum Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 133. 1830.
Trifolium heierodon Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 318. 1838.
Ty'pe locality: Columbia River. Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Grays Harbor, Lamh 1165; Westport, Henderson, June 25, 1892;
North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg, Henderson; Spokane, Piper, Sandherg, Heller, <£■ MacDougal
1028; Marshall Junction, Piper; Clallam County, Elmer 2539; Coupeville, Gardner 70:
§>esitt\e, Piper 2To\; Smith A7Z; Henderson 2329; 0\yYa^\&, Henderson 2329; Muckleshoot,
Dr. Euhn; Spangle, Suksdqrf 172; Medical Lake, Henderson 2330; Walla Walla, Lyall in
1860; without locality. Cooper in 1854; Ilwaco, Piper 4989.
The Californian T. wormshioldii Lehm. is distinguished by its less deeply lobed
involucre.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
21. Trifolium tridentatum Liiidi. Bot. Reg. 13: under j.l. 1070. 1827.
Type locality: Columbia River. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Vancouver Island to California in the coast region.
Speclmens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2536; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858-59;
Coupeville, Gardner 71; Tacoma, Flett 903; Fourth Plain, Piper 3073; Rock Island,
Henderson; Vancouver, Piper 4933.
Zonal di.stributiox: Humid Transition.
22. Trifolium oliganthum Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 2: 707. 1841.
Trifolium pauciflorum Nutt.; Torr. & Cir. Fl. 1: 319. 1838, not Urv. 1822.
Type locality: "Wet places on the higher plains of the Oregon, particularly al)undant
near the outlet of the Wahlamet." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Vancouver Island to California in the coasl region.
Specimens examined: Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 727; Tacoma, Flett
904, 188; Rock Island, Henderson, July, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
23. Trifolium variegatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 317. 1838.
Trifolium melananthum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 331. 1839.
Type locality: "Springy places near the mouth of the ^^ahlamct,'■ Oregon. Col-
lected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columliia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: CJoupeville, (Vard/ier 68; Seattle, Pt/)e/' in 1888; Smith; Olyrapia,
Henderson 2327, 2328; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf25H0\ Fort Vancouver, Tolmie (i);
Yakima County, 5?/A:.S(/oa/ 273; Yakima, Watt: Ellensburg, ir/iiV^/ 491; Elmer 402; Egbert
PIPER FLORA OP THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 363
Springs, S a 71(1 ben/ d' Leibertj 401; Wilson Viwk, Lalic <.{• HuJI 4'.ir): Spokane, Piper: Spo-
kane County, cted by Lewis. The exact
spot is on the Bitter Root River, Montana, near the mouth of tlir Lolo.
Range: British Columbia to west Montana and California.
Specimens examined; Whidby Island, Gardner 69; Puget Sound, SucMey; Everett,
Piper, July, 1892; Tacoma, Fleit 905; Charieston, Piper, July, 1895; Woodlawn, Hender-
son, June, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 404; Egbert Springs, Sandberg c& Leiberg 421; Muckle-
shoot, Dr. Ruhn; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 434; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Dewart in
1900; Henderson, July, 1892; Spangle, Suksdorf 274; Coppei River, Horner 597; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 138; Fort Vancouver, Scolder.
Zonal distribution; Transition.
MEDICAGO.
Annual; flowers yellow.
Pod, 1-seeded, black, reticulate \. M . lupuUna.
Pod several-seeded, twisted, spiny on the edge 2. M . denticulaia.
Perennial ; flowers violet 3. M. satira.
1. Medicago lupulina L. Sp. PI. 2: 779. 1753. Yellow trefoil.
Type locality'; European.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Bin-
gen, Suksdorf2587\ Walla Walla, Leckenby, May, 1898.
2. Medicago denticulata Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1414. 1803. Bur clover.
Type locality: None cited.
Specimens examined; Wliatcom, Suk^dotf 1806; Tacoma, Flett 52; Seattle, Piper in
1888.
3. Medicago sativa L. Sp. PI. 2: 778. 1753. Alfalfa.
Type locality; "Habitat in Plispaniae, Galliae apricis."
Abundantly cultivated, especially in eastern Washington, and a frequent escape.
PSORALEA.
Leaflets broadly ovate \. P. jdiijsodes.
Leaflets lanceolate : 2. P. lanceolata.
364 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Psoralea physodes Dougl.: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 136. 1830.
Type locality: "From the Great Falls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and north California.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 89; Seattle,
Piper 58; between Olympia and Gate City, HeUer 4049; White Bluff Ferrj\ LaTce d' Hull
AuTust, 1892; %vithout locality, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Through an unquestionable error Piper no. 58 was referred to P. pedunculata Mill, in the
Torrey Bulletin. a The latter species is not known west of the Rocky Mountains.
The type locality as above given is verj' likely the result of an error. This species is at
present known from east of the Cascade Mountains at but a single station — near Troy,
Idaho.
2. Psoralea lanceolata scabra (Xutt.).
Pmralea scabra Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 300. 1838.
Psoralea pursUi Vail, Bull. Torr. Club 21 : 94. 1889.
Type locality: "On the Walla-Wallah."' Collected In' Townsend.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandlerg & Leiherg 384; Morgans Ferry, Suks-
dorf 27b; White Bluffs, Dunn 206; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & IMl 664; Columbia River,
latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; west Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 663; Moses Lake,
Sandherg & Leiherg, July, 1893; Almota, Piper 1851; Wawawai, Lake cfc Hull 429; Elmer
748; Pasco, Henderson, June, 1892; Sentinel Blufl's, Cotton 1364; Craips Ferry, Cotton.
ZoN.AL distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This plant as to type specimen differs from P. lanceolata Pursh only in its white villous
pods, and all intergrades as to the amount of this pubescence occur.
GLYCYRRHIZA.
1. Glycyrrhiza lepidota Xutt. Gen. 2: 106. 1818. Wild licorice
Type locality: "St. Louis, " Missouri.
Range: Washington to Hudson Bay, Arkansa.s, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandherg & Leiherg 342; west Klickitat Ccjunty,
SuksdorfXSQ'd; Almota, Piper 1582; Wawawai, Piper 1482; Spokane, Kreager 539.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This species has been reported as a bad weed in Washington, but there is no recent evi-
dence to this effect.
la. Glycyrrhiza lepidota glutinosa (Xutt.) S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 144. 1876.
Glycyrrhiza glutinosa Xutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 298. 1838.
Ty'pe locality: "Banks of Lewis's River" in South Idaho. Collected l)y Xuttall.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall.
HOSACKIA.
Perennials; flowers in umbels.
Pods linear, glabrous, many-seeded.
Leaflets 5 to 9, glabrous or nearly so.
Peduncles usually naked; corolla with yellow standard and
white wings 1 . //. hicolor.
Peduncles with a bract at the umbel; corolla with yellow
- standard and purple wings 2. //. gracilis.
Leaflets 9 to 15; flowers purple 3. H. crassifolia.
a Bull. Torr. Club 21 : 114. 1894.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF AVASHINGTOjST. 365
Pods curved, pubescent, 1 or 2-?ieeded: floweis yellow: foliage
pubescent 4. //. decumhens.
Annuals: flowers solitary or sometimes two on the peduncles of the first species.
Peduncles usually exceeding the leaves.
Flowers 3 to 4 mm. long: leaflets oblong to ovate, usually gla-
brous 5. H. pnrrifjiira .
Flowers 5 to 6 mm. long: leaflets ovate to lanceolate, usuallv
villous 6. //. (imericaua.
Peduncles very short, the flowers nearly sessile: calyx lobes denticu-
late _ 7. //. (hnticuhitd.
1. Hosackia bicolor Dougl. Bot. Iveg. 15: /»/. 1257. 1S29.
Lotus pinnatus Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pJ. 2'.nS. 1S29 (December 1).
Type locality: "In overflowed meadows between Fort Vancouver and the Grand
Rapids of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
R.\nge: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens ex.\mined: Woodlawn, Henderson, June, 1892: Olympia, Kincaid, July,
1S96: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1161: Columbia Valley, LyaJl in 1.S60: Palouse River, Lyall in
1860: Pullman, Hull 782: without locality. Cooper: Seattle, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distribi'tion: Transition.
2. Hosackia gracilis Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 36.5. 1837.
Lotus formosissiinus Greene, Pittonia 2: 147. 18iW.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Monterey Bay, California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, //e?/*^ 3934 : Henderson 23.^.
3. Hosackia crassifolia Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 365. 1837.
Hosackia stolonifera Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: pi. 1977. 1837.
Hosackia platycarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 323. 1838.
Lotus o'assifolius Greene, Pittonia 2: 147. 1890.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to southern California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3925; ]\lason County, Piper 1044: Chehalis
County, Lamb 1170; Tacoma, Flett 55; Steilacoom, Hoirell in 1878; Dalles, Lyall in 1860:
Klickitat County, Suksdorf.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Hosackia decumbens Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: under pi. 12'>7. 1829.
Lotus douylasii Greene, Pittonia 2: 149. 1890.
Type locality: "Northwest coast of America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Piper 57: between Olympia and Gate City, Heller
4047; west Klickitat County, Sutsf/o// 112; Loon Lake, ll'i/i.ston, July 20, 1897: Spokane,
Piper, July, 1896; Henderson, July, 1892; Elmer 376; Spokane, Krear/er 2; Dalles, Luedl
in 1860.
Zonal distribution: TransitioiL
5. Hosackia parviflora Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: )inder pi. 1257. 1829.
Hosackia microphylla Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 326. 1838.
Lotus micranihus Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 367. 1837.
Type locality: "Northwest coast of America." Collected by Dougjas.
Range: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3911; Chehalis County, Lamb 1151: Seattle,
Piper, July, 1895; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, May 5, 1889;
west Klickitat Qouniy, Suksdorf oZ'i: without locality, roo;>fr.- Lyall; Vancouver, Piper
4930.
Zonal dlstribution; Humid Transition.
366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Hosackia aniericana (Nutt.)-
Trigonella ajnericana Nutt. Gen. 2: 120. 1818.
Lotus sericeus Pursh, Fl. 2: 489. 1814. not DC. 1813.
Hosackia purshiana Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: pi. 1257. 1829.
%Hosackia unifoliata Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 135. 1830.
Hosackia data glabra Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 327. 1838.
Hosackia data Nutt. loc. cit.
Hosackia Jloribunda Nutt. loc. cit.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri."
Range: Washington to Minnesota, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, TF/ti/efZ57S; North Yakima, TFafi; Rock Island, Scrnc^
berg & Leiberg 427; Wenache, Whited 1148; Tacoma, Fhtt 902; Falcon Valley, Suks-
dorf 2332; Fort Colville, Lyall in ISGO; Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull 4.30; Chelan, Elmer 493;
Rock Lake, Lake dfc Hull, August 3, 1S92; head of Grand Coulee, McKay 24; Pullman,
Hull in 1892; Wawawai, Piper 1483; without locality, Vasey 270; Mount Q&r\ion, Kr eager
15.5; Clarks Springs, Kreager 108; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 692; Walla Walla,
Griffiths <& Cotton 552.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Nuttall's Hosackia data glabra is a nearly glabrous plant matched by Cotton'.s 801 from
Toppenish. It should perhaps be accorded subspecilic rank.
6a. Kosackia americana pilosa (Nutt.).
Hosackia pilosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: .327. 18.38.
Hosackia mollis Nutt. loc. cit.
Type locality: "Plains of the Rocky Mountain range, towards the Oregon."
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Hull, July 1(), 1S()2.
7. Hosackia denticulata Drew, Bull. Torr. Club 16: l.')l. 1889.
Lotus denticulatus Greene, Pittonia 2: 1.39. 1890.
Type locality: "Mad River near Jarnigan's," California.
Range: Washington to California.
vSpeci.mens examined: Gulf of Georgia, Henderson in 1892; Whidby Island, Gardner
66; Fairhaven, Piper 2809; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°. Lyail in 1860; Ellens-
burg, Elmer 370; Whited 509; Piper 2743; without locality, Vasey in 1S89; Colville Res-
ervation, Griffiths d' Cotton 371.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
This species has been confused with //. subpinnata Torr. & Gr., from which it appears
clearly distinct.
HEDYSARUM.
Flowers purple 1. H. occidentale.
Flowers yellowish 2. H. sulphur escens.
1. Hedysarum occidentale Greene, Pittonia 3: 19. 1896.
Hedysarum uintahense A. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 186. 1902, at least in part.
Type locality: Olympic Mountains, W^ashington.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2227; Henderson 18.50: J. M. Grant
156; Baidy Feak„Lamb 1318; without locality, Sandberg d- Leiberg 494; Clallam County,
Elmer 2.529.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species is very close to H. boreale Nutt. {H. americanutn (Michx.) Britton.), perhaps
not distinct from it.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 367
2. Hedysarum sulphurescens Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Ciul) 24: 2r)l. 1S97.
Hedysarum favescens Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Ciaz. 18: SOO. 1893, not Kegel & Schmalh.
1882.
Type locality: Helena, Montana.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and \Yv()niing.
Specimens examined: Loomi.s, Elmer 551.
ARAGALLUS. Locoweed.
1. Aragallus gracilis A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 60. 1899.
Type locality: "Limestone Range in the Black Hills, Wyoming."
Range: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, £'Zme/" 2532; Loomis, Elmer 595.
Professor Greene erects a new species, A. luteolus, on Elmer's 2532. «
2. Aragallus monticola (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 212. 1897.
Oxytropis monticola A. Gray,'Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 6. 1885.
Type locality: Northwestern Wyoming. Collected by Parry. ^
Range: Washington to Wyoming, Dakota, and Alberta.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant 21; Fleit 134, 803; Goat Mountains,
Allen 245.
PHACA. Milk vetch.
Pods membranaceous, thin, much inflated.
Herbage slightly pubescent ; pods 2-celled LP. lentujlnosa.
Herbage silky or villous; pods 1-celled.
Pods very thin, 3 to 5 cm. long 2. P. hookeriana.
Pods firm, 10 to 12 mm. long 3. P. sulcsdorfii.
Pods coriaceous or chartaceous, not inflated.
Herbage long-hairy \)r woolly.
Pods woolly or villous, not compressed.
Pods 1-celled, somewhat curved, soft -woolly.
Flowers ochroleucous 4. P. pursh ii.
Flowers purple.
Stems elongate, prostrate: leaflets 21 to 2.". 5. P. inftexd.
Stems erect, very short : leaflets 7 to 1 1 6. P. glareosa.
Pods 2-celled, small, ovate, short-villous.
Spike dense ; flowers 10 mm. long. 7. P. spaldingii.
Spike loose ; flowers 6 mm. long 8. P. lyallii.
Pods glabrous, strongly compressed, falcate 9. P. succumhens.
Herbage and pods glabrous or short-pube.scent.
Pods conspicuously stipitate, the stipe equaling or exceeding
the calyx.
Cah'x oblique: pods curved or coiled, the sutures promi-
nent.
Pods coiled, glabrous 10. P. spelrocarpa.
Pods curved, not coiled.
Leaflets 5 to 7 pairs, oblong or obovate; stipe as
long as the calyx 11. P. sinudfa.
Leaflets 6 to 9 pairs, linear; stipe much exceed-
ing the calyx 12. P. podocarjxi.
Calyx not oblique; pods straight or nearly so.
Neither suture of the pods impressed.
aProc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 17. 1905.
368 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Pods somewhat flattened, pendent, smooth and
shining 15. P. stenophylla.
Pods not at all flattened.
Flowers and pods reflexed 16. P. collina.
Flowers spreading; pods erect 17. P. tweedyi.
One of the sutures of the pod impressed or intruded.
Pods compressed.
Pods reflexed, the dorsal suture intruded
to divide the pod into 2 cells 13. P. misella.
Pods pendent, the ventral suture intruded. 14. P. alpinn.
Pods obcompressed, the dorsal suture impressed.
Leaflets glabrous, broadly oval 18. P. bechrithii.
Leaflets pubescent, lance-oblong 19. P. arreda.
Pods sessile or nearly so.
Pods 2-ceIled by the intrusion of the sutures.
Flowers greenish or yellowish ; pods oblong 20. P. morton i.
Flo\i'ers purple or purplish.
Pods oblong; flowers spicate 21. P. adsurgens.
Pods ovate; flowers capitate 22. P. agrestis.
Pods 1-celled.
Flowers subsessile in the leaf axils; leaflets rigid,
prickly-pointed 30. P. vindif-.
Flowers in racemes or spikes; leaflets not rigid nor
prickly-pointed.
Inflorescence racemose; pods not linear.
Pods subglobose, pubescent, chartaceous. . 26. P. mlsera.
Pods oblong or ovate, coriaceous.
Sutures of the turgid pod both promi-
nent ; flowers greenish 23. P. reventa.
Sutures of the pod not both prominent,
the dorsal impressed.
Flowers greenish; leaflets 21 to 29. 24. P. lioodlana.
Flowers purplish; leaflets 11 to 21. 25. P. conjuncta.
Inflorescence spicate; pods linear, chartaceous.
Keel of the corolla with a long inflexed beak. 27. P. convallaria.
Keel of the corolla short-beaked.
Calyx teeth nearly as long as the tube. 28. P. decmnhens.
Calyx teeth one-third as long as the
tube 29. P. serotlna.
1. Phaca lentiginosa (Dough).
Astragalus lentiginosus 'Dong\.; Hook. Fl. Bor Am. 1: 1.51. 1830.
'i Astragalus diaphanus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830.
Type locality; "Subalpine ranges of the Blue Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range; Washington to Nevada and California.
Speci-MEns exami.ned; Coulee City, Piper 388.5; Henderson 2353; between Coulee City
and Waterville, Splllman, May, 1896; Wilson Creek, Lake d- Hull 663; Ellensburg, Piper
2674; Toppenish, Piper, July 10, 1897; Sprague, Sandherg <& Leiberg 132; Cow Creek,
Lyall in 1860; Klickitat County, Howell; Coulee City, Pipm' 3885; Washtucna, Cotton 975.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran.
Astragalus diaphanus Dougl., said to be abundant "on sandy soil near the Great Falls
of the Columbia," has never been satisfactorily identified. While possibly referable to
A. lentiginosus, the characters of " pilose-scabrous " herbage and " linear falcate " pods point
strongly to some other species.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 369
2. Phaca hookeriana Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 693. 1840.
Anfragalus IiooJi'criamis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 215. 1804.
Astragalus olympicus Cotton, Bull. Torr. C^lub 29: 573. 1902.
Type locality: "Interior of Oregon." Collected by Dougla.s.
R.\nge: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2531; Mount Stuait, Brandegee 725;
upper Yakima River, Brandegee 33; Blue Mountains, Piper 2405; Ilonicr B14().
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
3. Phaca suksdorfii (Howell).
Astragalus suksdorfil Howell, Erythea 1: 111. 1893.
Type locality: "In loose volcanic soil near the base of Moun( Adams," \Vasliiugton.
Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, SuteZo// 113.
4. Phaca purshii (Dougl.).
Astragalus purshii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 152. 1830.
Type locality: "On the low hills of- the Spokan River," Washington. Collected by
Dougla.'?.
Range: British Columbia and Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1023; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Coulee
City, Piper 3861; Spokane,. Piper 2288; Henderson 2357; Sandherg ci- Leiberg, May, 1893;
Hangman Creek, Sandherg cfc Leiberg IS; Spangle, Piper, ilav, 1898; Chelan Butte, Orif-
fiths & Cotton 168.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4a. Phaca purshii tincta (Jones).
Astragalus purshii tinctns Jones, Zoe 4: 269. 1893.
Type locality: "Edgewood, near Mt. Shasta," California.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Bingen, SufcscZor/SO.
5. Phaca inflexa (Dougl.).
Astragalus inflexus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830.
Type locality: "On the barren sandy grounds of the Columbia, from the junction of
Lewis and Clarke's River to the Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Opposite Umatilla, Howell 42; Kooskooskee to Walla Walla,
Wilkes Expedition 529; without localit}^, Brandegee 722; Wawawai, Elmer 112; Hull in
1892; Almota, Piper 1492, 2938; Illia, LaJce c& Hull 665; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
without locality, Sandherg cf' Leiberg in 1892.
Zonal distribution: Upper >Sonoran.
6. Phaca glareosa (Dougl.).
Astragalus glareosus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 52. 1830.
Astragalus allanaris Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 141. 1894.
Type locality: "Plentiful on dry gravelly banks of rivers, from the confluence of
Lewis and Clarke's River with the Columbia to the mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2680; Whited, April, 1897, and 18; North Yaki-
ma., Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; LecJcenby, April, 1898; Henderson 2356; Fasco, Hindshaw ■iCy;
Coulee City, Piper 3861 ; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 552.
The above identification of Douglas's A. glareosus with Sheldon's A. allanaris is not
without misgivings, but the original description points to this species rather than to any
other.
29418—00 M 24
370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Phaca spaldingii (A. Gray).
Astragalus spaldingii A. Graj^, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 524. 1865.
Astragalus chaetodon Torr.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 194. 1866, not Bunge, 1851.
Type locality: "Clearwater" River, Idaho. Collected by Spalding.
Range: Northern Idaho and adjacent Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Sprague, Sandberg Jt Leiherg 149b; Henderson in 1892; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Sulcsdorf 283; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 716; Pullman, Piper 1494;
Henderson in 1892; Connell, Leckenby, June, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8. Phaca lyallii (A. Gray).
Astragalus lyallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 195. 1865.
Type locality: "Upper Yakima River," Washington. Collected by Lyall in 1860.
Range: Eastern Washington. ./CJ^-'"^ '' -
Specimens examined: Ellensburg^ Elmer 366; Henderson 2354; Piper 2683,;-'North
Yakima, Henderson 2354; Upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; .Morgans E©n'y, Sulcsdorf
2S2; 'F&sco, Hindshaw 52;'^oulee City, Piper 3856; Spt^gue/ Sandberg <& Leiberg 149a;
Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 717; without locality, FasWln^889; Rattlesnake Mount-
ains, Griffiths & Cotton 23; Frossex, Griffiths cfc Cotton ^-/^-^-^
Zonal distribltion: Upper Sonoran. U^JCt^ (tyr n . jt
9. Phaca succumbens (Dougl.).
Astragalus succuinbens Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830.
Astragalus dorycnioides Dougl.; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 2: 151. 1832.
Type locality: "On the barren grounds of the Columbia and near the Wallawallah
River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat, J. Howell; Pasco, Hindshav), May, 1896; Wallula,
Brandegee 719; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, May, 1898; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Wal-
lula, Cotton 1063, 1040; Craigs Ferry, Cotton 1342.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
10. Phaca speirocarpa (A. Gray).
Astragalus spcirocarpus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 225. 1865.
Type locality: "Wenass" River, Washington. Collected by Lyall.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898; North Yakima, Leckenby, April
22, 1898; Yakima County, Brandegee 32, 728; Henderson 2351 ; Naches Valley, Piper 2758;
Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 277; Bickleton, Suksdorf 278; Wenas, Lyall in 1860; opposite
Alkali, Howell 46; Moxee, Griffiths cfc Cotton 45; between Mabton and Satus, Cotton 1117.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
11. Phaca sinuata (Piper).
Astragalus sinuatus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club, 28: 40. 1901.
Astragalus whitediiFipor, Bull. Torr. Clul), 29: 224. 1902.
Type locality: Eastern Washington. Collected b}^ Brandegee.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Colockum Creek, Whited 1353; Eastern ^\'a.shington, Brandegee
739.
12. Phaca podocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 142. 1830.
Astragalus sclerocarpus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 225. 1865.
Type locality: "Great [Celilo] Falls of the Columbia." Collecfcd by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.
Specimens ex.amined: Ellensburg, Hiiulshaw, May, 1896: Noi'tli Yakima, Henderson
23.52; Morgaas Ferry, Suksdorf 279, 280; near the Great Falls of the Columbia, Douglas;
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 371
near Columbia River, Yakima County, Brandegee 727; Columbia Valley, Lyall in
1860; Pasco, May 26, 1899; Henderson 2352; opposite Willows, Howell; Junction Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandherg & Leiberg 312; near Eltopia, Cotton 1021; near Delight, Cotton
999; Wallula, Cotton 1043.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
13. Phaca misella (S. Wats.).
Astragalus misellus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 449. 1886.
Type locality: Mitchell, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 291 •. Piper 'ZdSl.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
14. Phaca alpina (L.).
Astragalus alpinus L. Sp. PI. 2: 760. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis."
Range: British Columbia to Hudson Bay and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Damp thickets, Conconully, Whited 1307.
15. Phaca stenophylla (Torr. &Gr.).
Astragalus stenophyllus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 329. 1838.
Astragalus leptophyllus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 18. 1834, not Desf. 1800.
Astragalus filipes Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 278. 1874.
Ty'pe locality: "Headwaters of the Missouri." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, TT^'^.t^ef? .565; Piper ^17; Johnsons Canyon, Yakima
County, Brandegee 732; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillinan, May, 1896; Coulee
City, Henderson 2358; Ritzville, Sandherg S Leiberg, June, 1893; Ci-dh Cveek, Sulsdorf
281; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 440.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
16. Phaca collina Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 141. 1830.
Astragalus colllnus Dough; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 2: 256. 1832.
Astragalus cyrtoides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 201. 1S65.
Type locality: "On the subalpine range of the Blue Mountains, in diy soils." Col-
lected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Columbia Valley, LyaE in 1860: Ritzville, Sandlierg tt- Leiberg
196; Sprague, Henderson 2360; Sandberg cfe Leiberg in 1893; Wawawai, Elmer 749; Piper
1792; Waitsburg, Horner 98; Wallula, Brandegee 730.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
17. Phaca tweedyi (Canby).
Astragalus tweedyi Canby, Bot. Gaz. 15: 150. 1890.
Type locality: "In prairies. Eastern Oregon."
Range: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Hills along Columbia River, Yakima County, Brandegee 731.
18. Phaca beckwithii (Torr. & Gr.).
Astragalus bechnilhi; Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 22; 120. 1854.
Type locality: "Cedar Mountains," Utah.
Range: British Columbia to Utah and California.
Specimens examined: Tukanon River, Brandegee 726.
19. Phaca arrecta (A. Gray).
Astragalus arrecfus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 289. 1870.
Astragalus palousensis Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 489. 1896.
372 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Astragalus arredus palousensis Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 10: 68. 1902.
Type locality: Kooskooskee [Clearwater] River, Idaho. Collected by Geyer.
Range: Eastern Washington, Eastern Orep;on, and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1493; Elmer in 1896; without locality, Vasey
in 1889.
Zonal msTuinuTioN: Arid Transition.
19a. Phaca.arrecta leibergii (Jones).
Astragalus arredus leibergii Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 10: (iS. 1902.
Astragalus leibergii Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. IT. 5: 663. 189.5.
Type locality: "Egbert Springs," Douglas County, Washington. Collected by Sand-
berg & Leiberg.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Samlherg & Leiberg 3.54.
20. Phaca mortoni (Nutt.).
Astragalus rywrtoni Nutt. Journ. Acad..Phila. 7: 19. 1834.
Type locality: "About the sources and upper branches of the Missouri." Collected
by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, Dakota, and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892;
Fa«, August, 1895; Mrs. Steinweg m 1894; Simcoe Valley, Lya// in 1860; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg & Leiberg 341; Beaver Creek, Whited 22, 232; Wilson Creek, Lale & Hull 667;
Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Piper, June, 1897; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896;
Almota, Piper 1864; without locality, Vasey in 1889: Clarks Springs, Kreager 79.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
21. Phaca adsurgens (Pall.).
Astragalus adsurgens Pall. Astrag. 40.- pi. 3L 1800.
Astragalus adsurgens robnstior Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 149. 1830.
Astragalus nitidus Dough; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.
Astragalus siriatus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr Fl. 1: 330. 1838.
Type locality: "In regionem Trans-Baicalcnsibus, frequcns ad Selenguni, Ononem
circa Tarei-noor et usque in Mongoliae de-sertum."
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Oregon and Kansas. Siberia.
Specimens examined: SWverhnke, Henderson 2359.
22. Phaca agrestis (Dough).
Astragalus agrestis Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 148. 1830. as synonym.
Astragalus hijpoglottis of American authors.
Type locality: "On the fertile plains of the Red River, and in the south, towards
Pembina."
Range: Alaska to Hudson Bay, Nebraska, and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Ophir, Elmer 422; Ellensburg, Whited 457; Coulee City, Piper
3872; Spilhnan, May, 1896; Sprague, Henderson 2361; Sandberg ck Leiberg 137; Spokane
County, Mrs. Susan Tuclcer, in 1892; Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Crab Creek, Suksdorf
286; Loomis, Griffiths d- Cotton 344; Okanogan, Griffiths c(- Cotton 265.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
23. Phaca reventa (A. Gray).
Astragalus reventus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 15: 46. 1879.
Type locality: "Interior of Oregon." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: North YiikmvA, Henderson in 1892; Mrs. Steinweg: Tamp\co,Hen-
dersonin 1892; Klickitat County, J. Hoirell, in 1878 and 1882, Cleinan Mountain, Hender-
son; Bishops, Piper 28S7; Wawawai, Elmer 795, 3059; Blue Mountains, Za/t-e cfc Hull
688; without locality, Vasey, in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 373
23a. Phaca reventa canbyi (Jones).
As'ragalus rervyitus canhyi Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 8:11. 1S9S.*
Type locality: "Yakima Region," AVashington. Coliecti'd l)y Brandegee.
Range: Central Washington.
Specimens examined: Yakima Region, Brandegee 36.
24. Phaca hoodiana (Howell).
Astragalus lioodlanusYlo\\(i\\,'E.vyi\\ei\, 1: 111. 1893.
Astragalus conjundus oxytropidoides Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 5: 665. 189.5.
Type locality: "Hood River to a point a few miles east of The Dalles," Oregon.
Range: Klickitat Count}", Washington, and adjacent Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mountains east of Lyle, S uJcsdoif 2589 ; west Klickitat County,
Sulcsdo?f 2588.
25. Phaca conjuncta (S. Wats.).
Astragalus conjundus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 371. 1882.
Type locality*: "John Day Valley" and "Baker County," Oregoii.. Collec((Hl by
Howell and by Cusick.
Range: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1041; Kllensburg, Brandegee 724; Piper 2716;
Whited 618; White Salmon, SuJcsdorf 266; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
26. Phaca misera (Dough).
Asf)vgalus miser Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 1.53. 18.30.
Astragalus ndcrocystis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 220. 1865.
Type locality: "On low hills of the Spokane River, sixty miles from its confluence
with the Columbia." Collected b}" Douglas.
Range: North Idaho and adjacent Washington and Britisli Columbia.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, !.;/«/?,■ Old Fort Colville, Tl^ateo?)- 90; Box Canyon,
Kr eager 396.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
27. Phaca convallaria (Greene).
Astragalus convallarius Greene, Erythea 1 : 207. 1893.
Astragalus campestris A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 229. 1865, not L. 17.53.
Hornalobus campestris Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 351. 1838.
Type locality': "Sandy plains of the Colorado of the West, near the sources of the
Platte."
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Peshastin, Sandherg & Leiberg, August, July, 1893; Wenache,
Whited 5, 211; Ophir, Elmer 528; Conconully, Whited 1.309; Methow River, Whited, July
14, 1896; Beaver Creek, Whited 28; Ritzville, Sandherg d' Leiberg 163; without locality,
Vasey, in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
28. Phaca decumbens (Nutt.).
Astragalus decumbens (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 229. 1865.
Hornalobus decumbens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 352. 1838.
Type locality: "Sandy plains of the Colorado of the West, near the sources of the
Platte " Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Speci.mens examined: Cascade Mountains to Fort Col ville, latitude 49°, Lj/c/ZZin 1860;
near Spokane and Columbia Rivers, Geyer 475.
374 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
29. Phaca serotina (A. Gray).
Aslidijdius wroliniis A. Gray, Pac. Iv. Rep. 12-': ")!. ISiiO.
Type LOC.\LrrY: "On the Okanogan, near the Golunil)ia River," Wasliington. Collected
by, Cooper.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: "On the Okanogan, near the Columbia River, Lat. 48°, Oct.
Cooper": Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 733; Ritzville, Sandherg d; Leiberg 473, 163;
Conconully, Whiied 1309; without locality, Vasey 273; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 343.
Zonal distribution: Arid Tran.sition.
30. Phaca viridis (Nutt.).
Astragalus viridis (Nutt.) Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Stud. !■': 118. 1894.
Eentrophyta viridis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 3.53. 1838.
Kentrophyta montana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 353. 183S.
Astragalus 'kentrophyta A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 60. 186.'^.
Type locality: "Hills of the Platte." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: South Dakota to New Mexico, Washington, and British America.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 734.
Astragalus lanocaupus Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 144. 1894, was based on a
plant collected by Joseph Howell in 1878 at Klickitat Prairie, Washington. We have not
seen this species. It is a close ally of A. purshii, from wliicli it is said to be distinguished
by having narrow leaflets and stiff-hairy pods.
VICIA. Vetch.
Flowers in spikes or racemes on axillary peduncles.
Annuals ; peduncles few-flowered : flowers very small , bluish-
white 4. V. h irsvtd.
Perennials; peduncles mostly many-flowered.
Flowers ochroleucous or tawny ' 3.1'. gigantea.
Flowers violet or blui.sh-purple, rarely white.
Raceme 1-sided, densely 15 to 40-flowered 1. T'. cracca.
Raceme loosely 5 to 20-flowered; leaflets ovate to
oblong, acutish 2. T^. americana.
Leaflets truncate . 2n. U. americana truncafa.
Leaflets linear 2a. V. americana linearis.
Flowers axillary, solitary or in twos, nearly sessile.
Leaflets oblong to ovate; pods brown 5. V. sativa.
Leaflets linear or linear-oblong; pods black 6. F. angustifoUa.
1. Vicia cracca L. Sp. PL 2: 73.5. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, New Jersey, and Kansas.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, Suksdorf-Mr-y, Gardner 418.
2. Vicia americana Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1096. 1801.
Vicia oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 270. 1838.
Vicia sparsifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 270. 1838.
Type locality: "Habitat in Pennsjdvania."
Range: British Columbia to New York and southward to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3951; Clallam County, Elmer 2534; Mason
County , Kincaid; 0\ym^\&, Eincaid; Tacoma, FZe<< 897; west Klickitat County , Suksdorf
2014, 2122; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Wenache, Whited 1.50, 1266, 1080; Ellensburg,
Whited; Cold Creek, Cotton 399; Sunnyside, Cotton 372; Little Spokane River, Kreager
599; Crab and Wilson Creeks, Sandherg & Leiherg -308; Almota, Piper 1486; Tukanon
River, Lake d- Hull 437; Loomis, Griffiths ci- Cotton 339.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transitioiu
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. o/5
2a. Vicia americana truncata (Nutt.) Brewer iu Brewer & Wats. Bol. Cal. 1 : 1.5S. 1876.
Vicia truncata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 270. 1838.
Type LOCALrrv: "Plains of the Orep;(>n." Collected l)y Nut( all.
Kange: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper; Wenache, Wliittd lO.SO; wKhout locality, Vasey
in 1889.
2b. Vicia americana linearis (Nutt.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 184. 1S7().
Lathyrus linearis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 276. 1838.
Type locality: "Plains of the Platte."
Range: Washington to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binnfi, May 20, 18S9; west Klickitat County,
SuJcsdorf 2013, 2111; Waitslmrg, Horner 97.
3. Vicia gigantea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 157. 1830.
Vicia .sifchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 129. 1832.
Type locality: "Open woods on the Columbia." Collected by Scouler and l)y Douglas.
Range: Sitka to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3849; Clallam County, Elmer 2530; Olympia,
Henderson, May, 1892; Fairhaven, SnJcsdorf 964; Tacoma, Fhtt 3(5; Cascades, Sulcsdorf
534.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Vicia hirsuta (L.) Koch, Syu. Fl. Germ. 191. 1837.
Ervum hirsutum L. Sp. PI. 2: 738. 1753.
Vicia mitchelli Raf. Prec. Decouv. 37. 1814.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Leclrnhy, .Tune, 1898; Fleft 2225; Alki Point, Piper in
1S89.
5. Vicia sativa L. vSp. Pi. 2: 730. 17."i3. Common vetch.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2.533; Whidby Island, Gardner 75; Cas-
cades, Sulcsdorf 535.
6. Vicia angustifolia Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 310. 1788.
Vicia sativa angustifolia Ser. in DC. Prod. 2: 361. 1825.
Type locality: "Habitat in campis sterilissimis, inter segetes arenosas totius fere Ger-
maniae."
Specimens examined: Seattle, P//«r, July, 1895; Tacoma, F/r?^ 214.
LATHYRUS. Pea.
Herbage densely silky-villous 1 . L. litforedis.
Herbage glabrous, or if pubescent not villou:'.
Plants erect; tendrils wanting or nnich retluced.
Flowers solitary 2. L. torreyi.
Flowers 2 or more to each raceme.
Corolla white; leaflets usually 3 pairs, oblong or
ovate 3. L. ohovatu.s.
Corolla purple.
Stems tall; leaflets 4 to 7 pairs.
Leaflets oblong to ovate, pubescent
beneath 4. L. nuttallii.
Leaflets lanceolate, pubescent on bofli
sides 5. 7.. oreyonensis.
Stems low; leaflets 1 or 2 pairs.
376
CONTEIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HEKBAETUM.
Leaflets elliptic to obovate 6. /.. hljiigatus.
Leaflets linear to lanceolate 6a. L. hijugatus sandbergii.
Plants climbing Ijy simple or 3-forked tendrils.
Stems winged ... 1. L. pahtster.
Stems wingless.
Flowers yellowish becoming tawny. S. L. !. 1844.
Croton? setigerus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 141. 1838.
Type locality: "Plentiful on Menzies' Island, and on sandy l)anks of the Columljia
upwards." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Bingen, Piper, Septembei', 1903; Granddalles, Westgia,
Scolder.
2. Callitriche verna L. Fl. Succ. cd. 2. 2. 1755.
Type locality: P]uropean.
Range: Temperate regions of Anu-rifa, P]urop(\ and Asia.
Specimens examined: Iloquiam, Lamb 1012; Nortli Yakima, I'ljur 1797; Mount
Rainier, Allen 185; Pullman, Piper, July 28, 1899.
3. Callitriche bolanderi llegelm. Verli. Hot. Verein Prnndeiil). 10: 116. ixns.
Type locality: Auburn, California.
Range: Vaneou^'er Island to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2779; Lake Cushman, Piper 223(5;
Seattle, Piper, July 12, 1895; Usk, Krem/er 352; Taeoma, Flett 2262.
EMPETRACEAE. ('iiowiuokry Family.
EMPETRUM.
1. Enipetrum. nigi-um L. Sp. PI. 2: 1022. 1753. Crowbehuy.
Type locality: P]uropean.
Range: Arctic regions southward to Maine, Michigan, and Washington. Europe. Asia
Specimens examined: Moanl Rainier, Piper 2051; Smith 1100; Copalis, Comird 409.
LIMNANTHACEAE. liK kbkax Family.
FLOERKEA.
1. Floerkea proserpinacoides AVilld. .Xcuc Schiifl. (ics. Nalurf. Fr. Berlin 3:419.
1801.
Fherl-ea occidenialis Rydberg, Mem. X. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 2C:8. 1900.
Type locality: "In Pennsylvanien."
Range: Washington to Ontario soutliward to California, Utah, and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Klickitat River, Flett 1018;
without localitj', Willces Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
ANACARDIACEAE. (Avsiikw Family.
RHUS.
Fruit red, pubescent; leaflets 11 to 31 1 . li. i/lahra.
Fruit white, glabrous; leaflets 3.
Leaflets mostly subentire, the lateral ones petioled _ 2. R. toxicodendron.
Leaflets mostly crenate, the lateral ones sessile 3. /?. direrKiloha.
1. Rhus glabra occidentahs Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 257. 1874. Sumac.
Rhus occidentalis Blankinshijj, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 86. 1905.
Type locality': "Banks of riveis, near Fort Okanagan and F(H-t A'aiicouver; also tm
the Kooskooskee."
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Near Wenache, Whited 56; C'olumbus, SuJcsdorf 2454; Morgan^.
Ferry, Suhsdorf 265; Columbia River, Lj/all in 1860; Rock Island, Sandherg d- Leiberg 429;
Almota, Lake d' Hull 448; Wawawai, Lake d Hull 448; Elmer 872; Piper 1654; Waitsburg,
384 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Horner 393; without locality, Vasey 213; Clarks Springs, Kreager 121; Spokane, Kreager
552; Prosser, Cotton 622; Kiona, Cotton 729.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Rhus toxicodendron L. Sp. PL 1 : 266. 1753. Poison ivy.
Rhus rydhergii Small, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 268. 1900.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Arizona and Florida.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Wkited 241; Yakima, Leckenhg, June, 1898; west
Klickitat County, Suksdo7f2(iS; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Hangman Creek, Suksdorf
204; Wawawai, LaJce 447; Spokane, Kreager 538; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoian.
The western plant seems never to climb trees or walls, but is a low, erect, or decumbent
shrub. Without better distinctions than this we see no reason for considering it a distinct
species, as has been done by Small.
Professor Greene, however, not only considers R. rydhergii Small as well founded, but
proposes three additional new species for Washington plants under the generic name
Toxicodendron,o namely, T. Jiesperium, founded on Whited's 241. T. lobadioides, and T.
cortMceurn, the two latter founded on specimens collected by Suksdorf.
3. Rlius diversiloba Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 218. 1838. Poison oak.
Rhus lobata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 127. 1830, not Poir. 1804.
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California in the coast regions.
Specimens examined: Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper in 1887; Union
City, Piper in 1900; Tacoma, Flett 141.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
"Rhus aromatica Ait. var." Suksdorf thus lists a species of the occurrence of which
in Washington there is no direct evidence. Rhus trilohnta occurs in southern Oregon, but
probably does not reach Washington.
CELASTRACEAE. Stafftree Family.
Stamens 4 or 5, as man}' as the petals and sepals.
Deciduous shrub ; flowers 5-merous Euonymus.
Evergreen shrub; flowers 4-meroua . Pachistima.
Stamens 10; flowers .5-merous Forsellesia.
EUONYMUS.
1. Euonymus occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. Pac. R. Ren. 4: 74. 1856.
Type locality: "Oregtm in dark woods." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Seven miles east of Vancouver, Gorman in 1905.
PACHISTIMA.
1. Pachistima myrsinites (Pursli) Raf. Fl. Tellar. 42. 1838.
Ilex'i myrsinites Pursh, F\. 1: 119. 1814.
- Myginda myrtif alia lat rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia River." Collected
by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 42; Nisqually Valley, ^IZZen 114: Silverton, i?0Mci
39; Feshsistm, Sandberg (& Leiberg 501; Peshastin Canyon, I^'ai.son; Lake Chelan, Lake
cfc Hull 450; Bingen, Suhsdorf 35; without locality, Vasey 225, 226; Clallam County,
Elmer 2836; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 219.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Acer douglasii Hook. Loud. Journ. Bot. 6: 77. pi. 0. 1847.
Acer glabrum douglasii Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 114. 1901.
Ty'PE locality: "Near springs of the Rocky Mountains about the sources of the Colum-
bia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Blue ilountains, Oregon, northeastward into west Montana and northwest-
ward to British Columbia.
Speclmens examined: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 449; Nisqually Valley, Allen 212;
Mount Rainier, Piper 52; Mount Adams, Henderson, July, 1892; Cleman Mountain,
Henderson, June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1022; Tampico, Flett 1200; Hoods-
port, Piper 1017; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860: Sprague, Sandberg d' Leiberg 156; Blue
Mountains, Piper, August, 1892 ; without locality, Fasey 229, 230: Da\as Y&nch, Kreager
311 ; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 96.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
3. Acer circinatum Pursh, Fl. 1:267. 1814. Vine maple.
Type locality: "On the great rapids [Cascades] of the Columl)ia River." Collected
by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Near Montesano, Heller 3859; Grays Harbor, Lamb 1034a; Ta-
coma, Flett 41; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 115; Silverton, BoucJc 38; Yakima Pass,
29418—06 M 25
386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Watson 73; White Salmon, Suksdorf 2%\; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859;
Stehekin, Whited 1408; Nason Creek, Sandherg & Leiberg 624; without locality, I'asey
227, 228; Clallam County, Elmer 2835; Stehekin, Griff fhs & Cotton 221.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
IMPATIENTACEAE. Balsam Family.
IMPATIENS. Jewelwef.d.
Posterior sepal not spurrec! 1 . /. ecalcarata.
Posterior sepal spurred.
Corolla orange-yellow; saccate sepal longer than broad 2.7. Inflora.
Corolla pale-yellow; saccate sepal much longer than broad 3. 7. nolitangere.
1. Impatiens ecalca,rata Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 85. 1905.
Type locality: Montana, "about half a mile east of Plains, Missoula County."
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860.
2. Impatiens biflora Walt. Fl. Car. 219. 1788.
Impatiens f viva Nutt. Gen. 1: 146. 1818.
hripatiens aurella Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Clul) 28: 34. 1901.
Type locality: Carolina.
Ranoe: Washington to Newfoundland, south to Kansas and Mississippi.
Specimens examined: Columbia Valley, Lgall in 1860; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892;
Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 453; Spokane, Piper 2384; Spokane County, SuJcsdorf 1837;
Meyers Falls, Kr eager 472.
3. Impatiens nolitangere L. Sp. PI. 2: 938. 1753.
Type locality: ''Habitat in Europae, Canadae nemoribus."
Range: Alaska to Washington. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 18.59; Deming, Flett
853; North Fork of Nooksaek River, SuJcsdorf 960.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
This species is undoubtedly native, not introduced as indicated in the Synoptical Flora.
RHAMNACEAE. Blckthoux Family.
Fruit a drupe ; flowers solitary or uml^elled Riiamnus.
Fruit a dry capsule : flowers paniculate Ceanothus.
RHAMNUS.
wShrub; petals wanting; leaves nearly glabrous beneath 1.7?. almfolia.
Tree : petals present; leaves dovrny beneath . 2. U. purshiana.
1. Rhamnus alnifolia L'Her. Sert. Angl. 5. 1788.
Type locality: "In America septentrionale."
Range: British Columbia to Maine, southward to California, Wyoming, and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Marshall Junction, Piper 2250; near Spangle, Suksdorf 2453;
Box Canyon, Kr eager 393.
Zonal dlstribution: Canadian.
2. Rhamnus purshiana DC. Prod. 2: 25. 1825. Cascara sagrada.
Rharmius alnifolia Pur.sh, Fl. 1: 166. 1814. Not L'Her.
Ty'PE localtty. "On the banks of the Kooskooskee" [Clearwater], Idaho. The exact
spot where Lewas collected the type is Camp Chopunish, opposite Kamiah.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 387
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3885; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 126; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Lake
Chelan, Lake & Hull 445: Pullman, Piper 1871; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Wa-
wawai. Piper 3817, 3816; without locality, Vasey 215, 216; without locality, Cooper 1854;
Spokane, Ereager 554; Clallam County, Elmer 2661.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
CEANOTHTJS.
Leaves opposite, dentate; procumbent shrub 1.6'. prosfratus.
Leaves alternate; erect shrubs.
Evergreen; leaves varnished 2.6'. velutinus.
Deciduous; leaves serrate; flowers white 3. 6'. sanguine.uf^.
Deciduous: leaves subentire; flowers usually i)lue 4. C. integer rimnn.
1. Ceanothus prostratus Benth. PI. Hartw. 302. 1848.
Type locality: " In montibus vSacramento, " California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 644, 343; Klickitat Valley, Howell,
May, 1878; Klickitat County, Brandegee 693.
2. Ceanothus velutinus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 125. 1830. Sticky Laurel.
Type locality: "Subalpine hills near the source of the Columbia; and at the Kettle
Falls." Collected by Douglas. The latter locality is in Stevens County, Washington.
Range: Washington to California, Colorado, and Dakota.
Specimens examined; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1109; Cedar Mountains, £■/?«(>/■ 800;
Tacoma, Fleft 173; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 9Q2; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Whited
406; Peshastin, Sandberg d& Leiherg 477; Kettle Falls, Douglas; Kamiak Butte, Sand-
berg, Heller tfc MacDougal 501 ; Columbia River, Lyall in 1S60; without locality, Vasey 221;
Box Canyon, Ereager 387; Clealum Lake, Cotton 859.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal specimen has been published as C. velutinus laevi-
gatus Torr. & Gr.,a but it is better referred to the species.
3. Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh, Fl. 1: 167. 1814. Buckbrusii.
Ceanothus oreganus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 265. 1838.
Ty'pe locality: " Rocky Mountains on the banks of the Missouri. " Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; Nisqually Valley, ^4//eft 111;
Wenache Mountains, F^ito/, June 23, 1901 and 1233; Falcon Valley, ii/y^s^o?/ 107 ; Manor,
Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper, July 14, 1899; Trout Lake, Flett 1208; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Nason Creek, Sandherg c£' Leiberg 628; Kamiak Butte,
Piper, July 20, 1899; Blue :Mountains, Lake & Hull, July, 1892; Easton, Whited 403;
Clallam County, Elmer 2659, 2660.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
The actual type specimen of this species is probably the sheet from the Lambert Her-
barium, now in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. This is labeled "Ceanothus afro-
purpureus. Near the foot of the Rocky Mountains on Collins Creek, June 27, 1806. " Collins
Creek is in Idaho, now known as Lolo Creek.
4. Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 329. 1839-40.
Ty'PE locality: California.
Ranc;e; Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf \(): Dalles [on the Washington
side?] Lyall, Suckley; Bingen, Piper, September, 1903.
a Contr. Nat. Herb. 3 : 218. 1895.
388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Accoidinf; to Dr. E. L. Clreenea the type of C. inkrierrimm proves to be the same as C.
andersonii Parry. On this account the name C. nevadensis Kellogg is taken up for tlie
Californian plant, while the Washington and northern Oregon plant is considered a distinct
species C. ])rduncularis Greene. &
MALVACEAE. Malluav Family.
Style branches filiform.
Stamens simply monadelphuus; bractlets 3 _ Malva.
Stamens united in two series; bractlets none Sidalcea.
Style branches each tipped with a capitate stigma.
Ovules 1 to 3 in each cell, ascending. _ Sphaeralcea.
Ovules solitary, pendulous Sida.
MALVA.
Leaves 5 to y-lobed; carp(>ls puberuleut i, M. rotmtdrfolia.
Cauline leaves dissected ; carpels very hairy 2. J/, moscitata.
1. Malva rotundifolia L. Sp. I'i. 2: (ISS. 1753. Mallow.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae ruderatis, viis, plateis."
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 189.5; Colfax, Hardwick, August,
1895; Meyers Falls, Krenger, August 28, 1902; Port Crescent, Lawrence 294.
2. Malva moschata L. Sp. PI. 2: 690. 1753. Musk mallow.
Type locality: "Habitat in Italia, Gallia."
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller AOm-, Puyallup, Piper, September, 1895.
Malva borealis Wallm. is included by Suksdorf in his list. We have seen no Wash-
ington specimens.
SIDALCEA.
Flowers red ; mature carpels smooth ■. 1 . ,. hendersonii.
Flowers pink; mature carpels rugose.
Calyx canescent; stems puberulent 2. ,S'. oreqana.
Calyx pubescent ; stems hirsute z. S. campestris.
1. Sidalcea hendersonii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 262. 1888.
Type locality: Clatsop Bay, Oregon. Collected hy Henderson.
Kange: Seacoast, Vancouver Island to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, (Jarc/ner, 58; Hoquiam, Z,«mH218; near Everett,
Clay pool, September, 1895; Seattle, Piper 723; Everett, Piper 4915.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Sidalcea oregana A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 20. 1848.
Sida oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 234. 1838.
Type locality: "West side of tlie Rc^cky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Idaho and Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2448; Falcon Valley, Suhsdorf, Julv
20, 1886, and 2446; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2447, 2449; Klickitat River, Flett 1014;
Ellensburg, Whited 486; Tieton River, Cotton 458; Coulee City, Lake ct Hull, August, 1892;
Eemlerson 2433; Blue Mountains, near Waitsburg, Piper 2396; Cow Creek, Griffiths &
Cotton .534.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The plant listed by Suksdorf as "S. spicata Greene?" seems to lie referable to S. oregana.
a Leaflets 1 : 65. 1904. b Leaflets 1 : 67. 1904.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 389
3. Sidalcea campestris Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 76. 1885.
Sidalcea asplenifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 158. 1897.
Type locality: Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Wenas River, Henderson,
June 17, 1892, 243G; between Wenache and Ellensburg, Whiied, August 13, 1896; Peslias-
tin, Sandherg & Leiherg 586; Pullman, Piper 1644, 1645; Lal-e cfc Hull 428; Hendersoj} 2434;
Union Flat, Hull 428; Medical Lake, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Seattle, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
SPHAERALCEA.
Flowers scarlet; leaves canescent . \. S. munroana.
Flowers rose-red; leaves not canescent.
Calyx lobes acute; pedicels short 2. -S'. rinularis.
Calyx lobes long-acuminate; pedicels long 3. iS'. longiKijxda,
1. Sphaeralcea munroana (Dougl.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 3: 353. 1834.
Malva munroana Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: /)/. 1306. 1830.
Type locality: "Upon the barren plains of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Nevada and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whiied 1120; Elmer 526; North Yakima, Piper 1S19;
Watt, August, 1895; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; near Yakima River, Suksdorf 259; Colum])ia
River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 390; Prosser, Henderson, May,
1892; Pasco, Hindshaw 3; Piper 2991; between Coulee City and Watervillc, Spillman,
May, 1896; Wilson Creek, Lake cfc Hull 759; junction Crab and Wilson Creek, Sandherg Columbia." Collected l)y Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla, Douglas, according to Hooker.
It is not certain that this species really occurs in Washington limits, though the above
specimiui was apparently collected by Douglas at old Fort Walla Walla.
HYPERICACEAE. St. Jonxswrtirr Fa:mily.
HYPERICUM. St. Joiinswort.
Plants low, forming dense mats.
Alpine; leaves crowded; flowers solitary 2. H. bryopJiytum.
Not alpine; leaves not crowded; flowers often several 1. H. nnagalloides.
Plants erect, simple or nearly so.
Stamens 5 to 10; stems about 30 cm. high 3. H. canadense.
Stamens numerous; stems tall.
Sepals acuminate; capsule not lobed - . 4. i?. perforatum.
Sepals obtuse ; capsule 3-lobed o. H. scouleri.
1. Hypericum anagalloides Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 127. 1828.
Type locality: San Francisco, California.
Range: British Columbia to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1885; Woodlawn, Henderson, Juno 22, 1892;
Montesano, Heller ,3916.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
la. Hypericum anagalloides nevadense Greene, Fl. Fran. 113. 1891.
Type locality: '■Foothills of the Sierra."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 26.50.
2. Hypericum bryophytum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 60. 1903.
Type locality: Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Washington. Collected by
Elmer.
Range: Mountains of Washington.
Specimens ex.vmined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2833; Big Creek Prairie, Lamh 1399;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897;
Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfc Hull 783; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 117; Nason Creek, Sandherg d' Leiherg 007; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. Hypericum canadense majus A. Gray, Man. cd. 5. 86. 1867.
Type locality': Lake Superior.
Range: Washington to New Bninswick, south to Texas and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Green Lake, Piper 1115.
4. Hypericum perforatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 785. 1753.
Ty'pe loc.\lity-: European.
Specimens ex.\mined: \'ancouver, Svl'sdorf: Piper, July 14, 1899.
5. Hypericum scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 111. 1830.
Hypericum formosum scouleri Coult. Bot. Gaz. 11: 108. 1886.
Type locality: "Abundant in dry gravelly soils and limestone rocks on the North-West
coast of America, near the Columbia." Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 120, 90; North Yakima, Wait, August, 1895;
Montesano, Heller 4037; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Columbia River, Lyall in
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 391
18G0; Egboit Spr'mgis, ASandbenj d' Leiberg SQl; Wonaclio, Whited 1253; Ellensburg, Whited
499; Tieton River, Cotton 454; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn: Seattle, Piper in 1885; Mission,
Kreager 486; valley of Columbia below the Chelan, Wat-mn, October 14, 1880; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Elmer 880; Piper 1653; //)/// 65(); Tukanon River,
Lakf. cfc Hull, July, 1892; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 693; Clealuni Lake, Cotton 853.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
EIATINACEAE. Waterwout Family.
Plants glabrous; flowers parts 2 to 4 Elatine.
Plants pubescent ; flower parts 5 Beroia.
ELATINE.
Flower parts 2 or 3 ; seeds nearly straight I.E. triandra.
Flower parts 4 ; seeds strongly curved 2. E. callforn lea.
1. Elatine triandra Schkuhr, Handb. 1: 345. pi. 109b. f. 2. 1791.
Type locality: Germany.
Range: Illinois, Nel)raska, Wyoming, Washington. Europe.
Specimen.s examined: Usk, Kreager 367.
2. Elatine calif ornica A. Gray, Proe. Am. Acad. 13: 3<)1, 364. 1878.
Type locality: "In Sierra Valley, on the Sierra Nevada, alt. 5()()0 feet," California.
Collected by Lemmon.
Range: Washington to (California.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, ;6'aA,'.s(/o// 258; Spokane, Pi/;e/" 2643.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
BERGIA.
1. Bergia texana (Hook.) Seub.; Walp. Repert. 1 : 285. 1842.
Mcriniea tixana Ilook. Ic. 3: pi. 278. 1840.
Elatine texana Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 678. 1840.
Type locality: Texas. Collected by Drummoiid.
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suk-^do>f 959, 618; Almota, Piper,
September, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
VIOLACEAE. Violet Fa:mily.
VIOLA. Violet.
Acaulescent.
Flowers small, white. 1 . V. maclosJcegi.
Flowers larger, violet.
Lateral petals bearded at base; rootstocks thick.
Plants not stoloniferous; stipules small.
Herbage glabrous 2. V. nephropJiylla.
Herbage hirsute or villous 3. V. cuspidata.
Plants stoloniferous; stipules large 4. F. langsdorfii.
Lateral petals beardless; rootstocks long and slender 5. V. palustris.
Caulescent.
Flowers yellow.
Stems prostrate, stolon-like; leaves evergreen.
Leaves cordate; leaf}' branches producing petaliferous
flowers 6. V. sempermrens.
392 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Leaves reniform; leafy branches producing only cleisto-
gamous flowers 7. V. orhiciilata.
Stems erect, not stoloniferous; leaves not evergreen.
Leaves palmately dissected 11. T". sheltonii.
Leaves not dissected.
Herbage pubescent ; leaves lanceolate to ovate, sub-
entire S. F. nuttaUii.
Herbage glabrous.
Leaves ovate, veined, sinuate-dentate or lobed. . 9. V. venosa.
Leaves cordate or reniform, acuminate 10. T'. (jlabella.
Flowers blue or violet.
Leaves dissected into narrow lobes 12. F. iniwrvata.
Leaves cordate, not dissected.
Stipules scarious, entire.
Leaves cordate, acuminate 13. V . canaden.sifi.
Leaves reniform, obtus(>. 14. F. fJettii.
Stipules herbaceous, at least some of them serrate or in-
cised.
Leaves usuallv brown-dotted, at lea.st beneath;
stipules all serrate or laciniate.
Herbage glabrous or nearly so 16. F. adunca.
Herbage pubescent, the pubescence retrorse 17. F. retroscabra.
Leaves dotless; cauline stipules entire . 15. V. howellii.
1. Viola macloskeyi Lloyd, Erythea 3: 74. 1895.
Type locality; " In the Cascades, Oregon.''
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Sentth, Piper; Tacoma, F?rfn()S,2222; Qhmpin, Hfmlcrson 2054.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species has commonlj' been referred to T'. Uaridd Wiild., but it seems distinct.
2. Viola nephrophylla (xreene, Pittonia 3: 144. 1896.
Viola cognata Greene, Pittonia 3: 145. 1896.
Viola subjuncfa Greene, Pittonia 5: 31. 1902.
Type locality: "Valley of the Cimarron River, western Colorado."
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Maine, south to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Columbus, Suksdorf, April
13, 1886; Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897: North Yakima, Piper 1836; Henderson 2500;
Rock Lake, Piper 2798; Medical Lake, Sandbery d' Leiberg 56.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Viola cuspidata Greene, Pittonia 3: 314. 1898.
Type locality: Rock County, Wisconsin.
Range: Washington to Wisconsin.
Specimens examined; Pond Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.
4. Viola langsdorfii FLscher; DC. Prod. 1: 296. 1824.
Type locality: " In insula Unalaschka.'"
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined; Port Crescent, Laicrence 273.
5. Viola palustris L. Sp. PI. 2: 9,34. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Colorado and the White Mountains. Europe.
Asia.
PIPER — FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASPIINGTON. 393
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2794; Olympic Mountains, Piper,
August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 1017; Taconia,
Flett 88; Nisqually Valley, Allen 57; Westport, Lamh 1097; Mount Adams, Sulsdoi;/
July 12, 1886; Klickitat County, Suh^dorf in 1878: Silvcrton, Boiiclc 25; Wenache Moun-
tains, Ehner 442; Mount Rainier, Flett 2178.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition to Hudsonian.
6. Viola sempervirens Greene, Pittonia 4: 8. 1899.
Viola mrmeiifom Dougl.: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 80. 1830, not Bieb. 1808-1819.
Type locality: "Near Fort Vancouver and in the high grounds of Lewis and Clarks
River, N. W. America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3888; Seattle, Piper in 1885: Silvcrton,
Bouck 25; Whidby Island, Piper, April, 1898; upper Nisciually Valley, Allen .5u: without
locality, Henderson, May, 1892; Walla Walla, Nuttall.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
7. Viola orbiculata Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 73. 1847.
Viola sarmentosa orbiculata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 199. 1895.
Type locality: Coeur d'Alene Mountains, Idaho. Collected by Geyer.
Range: Idaho and adjacent Wa.shington.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, //o/'zip/' 60: Usk, /v>m//e/' 369.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
8. Viola nuttaim Pursh, Fl. 1 : 174. 1814.
Viola linguaefolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr.- Fl. 1: 141. 1S3S.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 248; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie;
without locality, Cooper; near Fort Colvilk', Lyall in 1861 ; Spokane Valley, Lyall in
1861; Roy, Allen, May 6, 1889; Waterville, WMted 1216; Pullman, Hull 418; Spangle,
Sulcsdorf 248.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
A very variable species and possibly, as here accepted, a complex of .several. More field
study and abundant .specimens are necessary to clear up this matter.
8a. Viola nuttallii praemorsa (Dougl.).
Viola praemorna Dougl. Bot. Reg. 16: pi. 125^. 1829.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Columbia, and the plains of the River Aguilar,
in California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner '^{): Tacoma, Flett 17.
8b. Viola nuttaUii major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 79. 1830.
Viola glareo.sa Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.
Viola flavovirens Pollard, Bull. Torr. Club 24:-405. 1897.
Type locality: "Abundant under the shade of pines on the dry sandy plains of the
Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner .58; Spokane, Sandhere/ c& Leiherg 47;
near Almota, Piper 1715; Elllensburg, Whited, April 18, 1897.
9. Viola venosa (S. Wats.).
T'io/a aurea venosa S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 56. 1876.
Viola nuttallii venosa S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 35. 1871.
Viola praemorsa venosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 200. 1895.
Type locality: "In the mountains from the West Humboldt to the Wahsatch, usually
near the snow line."
394 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Biandegee 648: Klickitat County, Suhsdorf in
1878; Falcon Valley, SuUdorf, May 9, 1886; Klickitat River, Fhtf 1063; Blue Mountains,
Piper 2432.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
10. Viola glabeUa Nutt.; Torr. &. Gr. Fl. 1: 142. 1838.
Type locality: "Shady wood.s of the Oregon." Collected hv Nuttall.
Range: Ala.ska to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2796; Silverton, Bouck 27; Paradise Val-
ley, Flett 290; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 55; Skokomish Valley, S'incaicZ, May 11, 1892;
w&st Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 24, 1886; Wenache Mountains, Wh'ded 1244; Colum-
bia woods, Nuttall; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality. Cooper; Mount Carl-
ton, Kreager 204, 253; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Ilwaco, Piper 4918.
Zonal distribution: Canadian, rarely Transition.
11. Viola sheltoni Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 67 18.56.
Type locality: Yuba, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: White Salmon Valley, Suksdorf 5.
12. Viola trinervata Howell; A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 11: 290. 1886.
Viola beckwithii trinervata Howell, Bot. Gaz. 8: 207. 1883.
Viola chrysantha glaberrima Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 238. 1874, not Viola hastata glaher-
rima Ging. 1824.
Ti'PE locality: Near Goldendale, Washington.
Range: Central Washington.
Specimens exajviined: Goldendale, Howell 59; Ellcnsburg, Wldted 264; North Yakima.
Watt in 1892; Piper, April, 1903; Henderson, May 27, 1892; Kittitas Mountain. Whifed 10:
Klickitat, Hoioell, April, 1882, 1878; North Yakima, Nevius, March, 1889; Simcoe Moun-
tains, Suts(^or/' 249; between Spipen and Columbia, Picterin^ cfc Brackenridge; Klickitat
River, Flett 1062; Waterville, Whited 1215; Coulee City, Piper 3865.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
13. Viola canadensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 936. 1753.
Viola geuiinijlora, Greene, Pittonia 5: 29. 1902.
Type locality: Canada.
Range: Washington to Newfoundland, south to Arizona and Carolina.
Specimens examined: Nason Creek, SamJherg & Leiberg 672.
14. Viola flettii Piper, Erythea 6: 69. 1898.
Type locality: Neai- Mount Constance, Olympic Mountains, Washington. Collected by
Flett.
Range: Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 106, July 20, 1897, August, 1898; Hen-
derson 1847; Mount Elinor, Jennie V. Getty, August, 1902.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
15. Viola howeUii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 308. 1887.
Viola subcordata Greene, Pittonia 3: 316. 1898.
Type locality: "Damp fir woods in the vicinity of Portland, Oregon." Collected in"
Howell.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 28, 29; Seattle, Piper 1020; Meany 237:
Tacoma, Flett 80, 107; Coupeville, Gardner 31 : Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892: Olympic
Mountains, Piper, August, 1895.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
PIPER — FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 395
16. Viola adunca Smith; Rees' Cycl. 37: no. 63. 1S17.
Viola longipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 140. 1838.
Viola canina adunca A. Gray; Proc. Am. Acad. 8:377. 1872.
Ti'PE locality: "From the west coast of North America." Collected hy Mcnzies.
Range: Alaska to California and Arizona.
Speclmens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 279.5; Orcas Island, Lyall 1861; Muckle-
shoot, Dr. Ruhn: Seattle, Smith, May 3, 1889; Mount Rainier, Piper 2138 in part; Monte-
s-a.no, Heller 3928; Westport, Lamb 1102; Rockland, Suksdorf, April 10,18.58; Klickitat
River, Flett 1061; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 522 ; Roy, Allen, May 3, 1889; White Bluif
Ferry, Late <& Hull, August 10, 1892; Yakima, Leckenby, April 22. 1898; Mrs. Steinweg;
Ellensburg, Whited 274, 346, 366; Badger Mountain, Whited 1217; Fort Colville, Lyall 1861 ;
Spangle, Suksdorf 246; without locality, Vasey 20Q; Rock Creek, Piper 2795; Spokane,
Piper, May 8, 1898, 2824; Sandbergd; Leiberg 33; Pullman, Piper 1714, Elmer 123, H.'dl 417;
Waitsburg, Horner 55, 54.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran to Hudsonian.
A very variable species. The alpine forms especially are al)errant and perhaps consti-
tute a different species.
16a. Viola adunca oxyceras (S. Wats.)
Viola canina oxyceras S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: .56. 1876.
TvPE locality: "In the Sierra Nevada, in Yosemite Valley, and near Domier Pass."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens ex.\mined: North Yakima, Henderson 2501.
17. Viola retroscabra Greene, Pittonia 4: 290. 1901.
Type locality: Southern Colorado.
Range: Washington and Montana to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Pipe/, August, 1895: Mount Rainier, Piper
2138 in part; Allen, July, 1892; Methow River, Whited 185; Klickitat River, Suksdorf F>2S;
Stevens Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 739.
Zonal DisTPaBUTioN: Hud.sonian.
Viola tricolor L., the garden pansy occasionally occurs as an e-scape.
ViOL.v iiALLii Gra\', listed by Suksdorf, probably does not grow within our limits.
LOASACEAE. Luasa Family.
MENTZELIA.
Biennials: flowers large; placentae witii2 rows of ovules, which are separated 1)V horizontal
lamellae.
Petals 2.5 to 3 cm. long; capsule 1.5 cm. long 1. .1/. brandegei.
Petals 5 to 6 cm. long; capsules 3 cm. long 2. M. laevicaulis.
Annuals; flowers small; placentae each with a single row of ovules; no
horizontal lamellae.
Leaves pinnatifid; seeds tuberculate, the angles obtuse 3. M . albicaidis.
Leaves not pinnatifid; seeds not tul)erculatc.
Seeds nearlv smooth with grooved angles; leaves ovate, entire
orsinuate-dentate 4. M. integrifolia.
Seeds sharply angled and pitted; leaves linear, entire 5. M. tenerrima.
1. Mentzelia brandegei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20*: 367. 1885.
Type locality: "Near the Simcoe Mount anis on the mesa bordering Satus Creek."
Washington. Collected by Brandegee.
Range: Known only by the type collection.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 792.
396 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Mentzelia laevicauHs (Dougl.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 535. 1840.
Baiionia laedcauUs Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 221. 1833.
fBartonia parvijlora Dougl. loc. cit.
Type locality: "On the gravelly islands and rocky shores of the Columbia, near the
'Great Falls;' flowering in Jtine and July. " Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 1679; Wenache, Whtted 24;
North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Parker, Cotton 433; Coulee City, Lalce c& IluJl 439;
Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 378; Spokane, Piper, September, 1896, July, 1894; Loon
Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 312; without locality, Vaseij in 1889;
Almota, Piper, August, 1894; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 329; Prosser, Cotton 808; Moses Lake,
CoUon 611.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 222. 1833.
Bartonia albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 222. 1833.
Type locality: "On arid sandy plains of the river Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California, Nebraska, and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1122; North Yakima, Waft, August, 1895; Flett
1041 ; Ellensburg, Piper 2682; Simcoe Valley, Lyall in I860; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
"Barren grounds of the Columbia," Douglas; Pasco, Hindshaw 7: Piper 2975; Ritzville,
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 160; Clarks Springs, Kreager 115; Moses Lake, Cotton, 615.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Mentzelia integrifolia (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 271. 1901.
Mentzelia albicaulis integrifolia S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 114. 1871.
Mentzelia dispersa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 137. 1876.
Type locality : East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada.
Range: Washington and Montana to Cahfornia and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Wenache, WJiited 1121; Tumwater
Canyon, Sandberg c& Leiberg 519; Ellens})urg, Elmer, July, 1897; Piper 2739; Spokane, Piper
1846: Leiberg 20; Marshall Junction, Piper 22.52; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wawa-
wai, Lal"e cfc Hull 586; Wenas, Cotton 84.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
5. Mentzelia tenerrima Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 271. 1900.
Type locality: "Foot of Electric Peak," Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1017.
CACTACEAE. Cactus Family.
Plants jointed, the segments flat ; leaves subulate and deciduous Opuntia.
Plants globose or ovoid, tubercled Cactus.
OPUNTIA. PuicKLY pear.
Joints tumid, ovate, rarely 5 cm. long 2. 0. fragilis.
Joints compressed, orbicular, or elliptic, 5 to 10 cm. long.
Seeds 5 or 6 mm. broad 1. 0. pohjacantJia.
Seeds 4 mm. broad la. 0. polyacantha borealis.
1. Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Suppl. Pi. Sure. 82. 1819.
Cactus ferox JSiutt. Gen. 1: 296. 1818, not Willd. 1809.
Opuntia missouriensis DC. Prod. 3: 472. 1828.
Type locality: "In arid situations on the plains of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to North Dakota, south to Arizona and New Mexico.
PIPEH FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 397
Specimens examined: Keniiewick, Piper: Morgans Ferry, S>iksis microsperma Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 46. 18.56, not
0. mesacantha microsperma Engelm.
Type locality: "On the Missouri about Fort Pierre."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and South Dakota.
Specimens e.xamined: Whidby Island, Gardner, July, 1897; Sueia Island, Randolph.
Zonal distpjbution: Humid Transition.
2. Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Suppl. PI. Succ 82. 1819.
Cactus fragilis Nutt. Gen. 1: 296. 1818.
Type locality: "From the Mandans to the mountains, in sterile hut moist situations,"
probably in North Dakota.
Range: South Dakota to Britisii Columbia and Colorado.
Speci.mens examined: Rock Island, Chelan County, Sajulberi/ ct; Leiberg 444, July 13,
1893.
Zonal distribution: Probably Upper vSonoran.
CACTUS.
1. Cactus sp. indet.
Specimens examined: Sentinel Blull's, Cotton, July 14, 1903; Wenaehe Mountains, Cot-
ton 1570; Near Egbert Springs, according to Leiberg.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This species is quite certainly new, but can not be satisfactorily described at present.
ELEAGNACEAE. Oleaster Family.
LEPARGYREA.
1. Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 122. 1890. Buffalo berry.
Hippophae canadensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 1024. 1753.
Shepherdia canadensis Nutt. Gen. 2: 240. 1818.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada."
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to Oregon, Utah, and New York.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Piper 2806, September,
1892; Whidby Island, Gardner 264; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Semiamoo Bay,
Lyall in 1858-59; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2117; Conconully,
Whited 1326; Griffiths d- Cotton 316; Box Canyon, Kreager 400.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
In Gorman's paper on the Washington Forest Reserve appears the name Lepargyrea
argentea. Mr. Gorman informs nie, however, that the plant is really L. canadensis.
LYTHRACEAE. Loosestrife Family.
Calyx tube cylindric, striate Lytiirum.
Calyx tube campanulate.
Capsule bursting iiTegularly Ammannia.
Capsule septicidally dehiscent _ Rotala.
LYTHRUM.
1. Ly thrum hyssopifolia L. Sp. PI. 1: 447. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Germaniae, Helvctiac, Angliae, Gallia inundatus."
Range: Maine to New Jersey. Washington to California. Introduced from Europe.
398 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Lake Washington, »S7/^-«to//971; SeB.tt\e, Smith. 100; Piver 1049,
July, 1895.
This was included in Suksdorf's list as L. album H. B. K. The species has long been
established and appears native.
AMMANNIA.
1. Ammannia coccinea Rottb. PI. Hort. Havn. Descr. 7. 1773.
Ammannia latifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 480. 1840.
Type locality: Not ascertained.
Range: Washington to Indiana and Florida. Central and South America.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1720.
ROTALA.
1. Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne; Mart. Fl. Bras. 13-': 194. 1874.
Aininannla ramosior Yi. Sp. PI. 1: 120. 1753.
Ammannia humiUs Michx. Fl. 1: 99. 1803.
Type locality: Virginia.
Range: Washington to Massachusetts, southward to Central and South America.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Lafo' ct ffw?/, August, 1892: Spokane County, SuA's-
dorfZOZ; Spokane, Piper- 2644 ; Almota, Piper, September, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
ONAGRACEAE. Evexixc; Pri:mrose Family.
Farts of the flower in twos; fruit indehiscent. . . Circaea (p. 399).
Parts of flower in fours.
Fruit few-seeded, nut-like; leaves alternate Gaura (p. 399).
Fruit many-seeded.
Calyx limb divided to the ovary, persistent, petals
minute or wanting Isnardia (p. 399) .
Calyx limb deciduous; petals conspicuous.
Seeds comose; lower leaves mostly opposite Epilobiu.m (p. 399).
Seeds naked, not comose; leaves all alternate.
Anthers versatile.
Stamens of equal length.
Stigmas deeply 4-cleft, the lobes
linear.
Ovules in 1 row; flowers yellow. Oenothera (p. 407).
Ovules in 2 rows; flowers pmk. Anogra (p. 407).
Stigmas entire or nearly so.
Calyx-tube longer than the
ovary, flowers large Taraxia (p. 405).
Calyx-tube shorter than the
ovar}' ; flowers small Sphaerostigma (p. 405).
Stamens of unequal length, the outer
ones longest.
Annuals, small-flowered; caulescent. Gayophytlm (p. 407).
Biennials; large-flov.ere(i, acaulcs-
cent.
Capsule 4-angled; seeds grooved
on one side Paciiylopiius (p. 408).
Capsule 4-wingcd; seeds not
grooved Lavauxia (p. 409).
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 399
Anthers not versatile.
Petals sessile.
Cah'X lobes reflexed; petals entire. Godetia (p. 409).
Calyx lobes erect; petals 2-lobed Boisduvalia (p. 410).
Petals clawed; calyx lobes reflexed Clarkia (p. 411).
CIRCAEA.
Leaves denticulate; racemes bractless , 2. (7. jmcijica.
Leaves dentate; racemes with minute bracts 1.6'. alpina.
1. Circaea alpina L. Sp. PI. 1: 9. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat ad radices montiuiu in frigidis Europae."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Washington, Dakota, and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. J/. 6'ran< 11; Skokomish Valley, /TincaitZ,
May 29, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake tfc Hull 533; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper, September,
1902; Quinault, Conard 133.
ZoxAL distribution: Canadian.
2. Circaea pacifica A.schers. & Magnus, Bot. Zeit. 29: 392. 1871.
Type locality: San Francisco, California.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 109; Silverton, BoucJc; upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen 301; near Skagit Pa.ss, Lake d; Hull 533; Peshastin, Samlberg c& Leiberg; Blue
Mountains, Piper 2409.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
GAURA.
1. Gaura parviflora Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 208. 1830; Lehm. Pug. 2: 15. 1830.
Type locality: "Sandy banks of the Wailawaliah River." Collected by Douglas,
according to Hooker.
Range: Washington to Dakota, Louisiana, and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wawawai, Elmer 898; Piper, July, 1898, and 1629; without
locality, Brandegee 789; Prosser, Cotton, 741.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
ISNARDIA.
1. Isnardia palustris L. Sp. PI. 1: 120. 1753.
Litdwigia nitida Miclix. Fl. 1: 87. 1803.
Ludwigia palustris Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 211. 1821.
Type locality: "Habitat in Galliae, Alsatiac, Russiae, Virginiac fluviis."
Range: Washington to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Mexico, and Florida.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Yakima Region, Brandegee 777; Clarke County . Henderson, Sep-
tember 6, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 585; Seattle, Piper in 1885.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
EPILOBIUM. Willow herb.
Calyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers large. Stems
1 to 2 m. tall; bracts small; style pubescent at base I.E. angusiifoliiim.
Stems 15 to 50 cm. high; bracts leaf-like; style glabrous 2. E. lafifohuni.
Calyx teeth prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers mostly small.
Flowers pale yellow; stigmas 4-cleft 3. E. hiteum.
Flowers white or pink.
Annuals; leaves narrow; stigmas mostly 4-cleft.
Stems simple or but little branched, 8 to 20
cm. high ; herbage crisp-puberulent 5. E. minutuni.
400 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBAEIUM.
Stems usually much branched, 30 to 90 cm.
high; herbage glabrous or glandular.
Flowers small, 10 to 15 mm. broad 4. E. fanicnlatunt.
Flowers large, 20 to 40 mm. broad 4a. E. paniculatum
jucundum.
Perennials; stigmas subentire.
Stems tall, 30 to 90 cm. high.
Leaves linear-oblong, sessile, nearly entire, the
margins revolute 6. Z?. palustre.
ijeaves lanceolate to ovate, dentate or denticu-
late, not revolute.
Petals 6 to 10 nmi. long; herbage canescent-
puberulent - . . . 7. E. fnwciscanum.
Petals 3 to 5 mm. long; herbage not canes-
cent-puberulent.
Capsule pedicelled.
Pedicels shorter than the capsules;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate 8. E. adniocaulon.
Pedicels ecjualing the capsules;
leaves ol)long-lanceolate. sessile,
decurrent 9. E. halJeanum.
Capsule ses.sile; leaves ovate or elliptic,
sessile IQ. E. hrtvisti/lum.
Stems low; species mostly alpine or subalpine.
Seeds smooth.
Leaves entire; plants creeping or stolon-
iferous.
Stems ascending, usually curved; leaves
spreading, oval or oblong, thick 11. i^. anagaUidifolium.
Stems erect; leaves ascending, linear
or oblong-lanceolate . 12. E. oregonense.
Leaves or some of them toothed, thin.
Flowers white, 5 to 6 mm. broad 13. £■. alfinwn.
Flowers purple, 10 to 15 mm. broad . . 14. E. hornemanni.
Seeds papillate.
Foliage glaucous and glabrous 15. E. fast'ujiatum.
Foliage not glaucous.
Plants producing stolons.
Leaves narrow, erect, keeled
below 16. E. pringleanum.
Leaves broader, spreading, not
keeled.
Matted; leaves firm, pale
green, sessile 17. E. elnrntum.
Not matted; leaves thin,
bright green, petiolate 14. E. /loriietnanni.
Plants not producing stolons.
Stems branched.
Seeds 1 mm. long; stem pubes-
cent in lines ; pedicels about
as long as the capsules .... 18. Z?. leptocarpum.
Seeds 2 mm. long; stems
pubescent but not in lines;
pedicels much shorter than
the capsules 19. E. mirahile.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 401
Stems simple.
Herbage pilose-pubescent ... 20. E. ursinum.
Herbage not pilose-pubescent.
Leaves sessile, narrow,
erect, acute 2\. E. (IriimniomlU.
Leaves petioled, broadish,
spreading, obtuse 22. E. delicafiiin.
1. Epilobium. angustifolium L. Sp. PI. 1: .347. 1753. Fireweed.
EpUohium spicafuin Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 482. 1778.
Ttpe locality: European.
R.\nge: Ala.ska to Labrador, southward to California, New Mexico, and Carolina.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Boitclc 77: Fish Lake, Dunn, August 1, 1900: near
Egbert Springs, Samlberg & Leiherg 407 : North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer G37 ; Coulee City,
Lake & Hull 528; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in
1859; without locality, Fasei/ 242; Rock Lake, La^-e c{r/7«ZZ, August, 1892; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 126; Clallam County, Elmer 2566; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895.
Zonal distribition: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
Epilobium OPACUM,a said by Hooker to have been collected by Douglas and by Scouler
about Fort Vancouver, is proliably a form of E. angustifolium.
2. Epilobium latifolium L. Sp. PI. 1: 347. 1753.
TypE locality: Siberia.
Range: Arctic America, southward to Oregon, Colorado, and Canada.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2343; Mount Rainier, Smith 875;
vSilverton, Bouck; Horseshoe Basin, Lake ct" Hull 530; North Fork Bridge Creek; Elmer 664,
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
3. EpUobium luteum Pursh, Fl. 1: 2.59. 1814.
Type locality: Northwest coast of America. Collected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, F/f^i 300; Pi;>tT, August, 1895; ^4//eft293; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 549; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson 2440; Horseshoe Basin, Lake d' Hull
529; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1091 ; Stevens Pass, Sandherg d' Leiherg 730; Cascade Mt)untains,
latitude 49°, Lyall; Clallam County, Elmer 2.560.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
4. Epilobium paniculatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 490. 1840.
Type locality: " Plains of the Oregon and Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California, Arizona, and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piy^er 103; Silverton, 5o«cA: in 1889; Tacoma, Flett 130;
Nisqually Valley, ^Z/en 14; Lake Park, Piper in 1895; Mount Stuart, E/mer 1092; Wenache,
Whited 1330, 1159; North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Tieton River, Cotton 488; Peshastin,
Sandberg d Leiberg 538; Lake Chelan, Lake d Hull 525; Spokane, Piper 2361, 2360; Blue
Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896, 23.58; Pullman, Piper 1631; Hull in 1892; without local-
ity, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Kreager .573, 536; ClaHam County, Elmer 2558, 2561; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 152.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4a. Epilobium paniculatum jucundum (A. Gray) Trelease, Rep. Mt). Bot. Gard. 2:
8.5. 1891.
Epilobium jucundum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: .57. 1876.
Type locality: Scott Valley, California. Collected In- Greene.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, iS'i/^Wo/;/' 17; Leavenworth, Whited 247.
cLehm. Pus,'. 2: 14. 18.30.
20418—00 M 26
402 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Epilohlum paniculatum is a very variable species, or perhaps a complex of several. Suks-
dorf, besides recognizing E. jucundu?)! as a valid species, proposes two others, E. aprlcum
and E. fasciculafum .«
5. Epilobium. minutum Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 207. 1833.
Type locality: "North-West coast of America. Fort Vancouver. Near the Grand
Rapids of the Columbia." Collected at these points respectively by Menzies, Scouler, and
Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region mainly.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi/?e/' 459; Whidby Island, C'a/'rfwf?' 123; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Zyai/; Silverton, Bouck; Mount Stuart, ^Zmer 1203; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 253; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 81, 2108, IS; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg
109; Blue Mountains, Hormr 290.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
A rather variable species, but it will require further material and study to determine how
many of the forms are worthy of recognition. Torrey and Gray recognized E. minutum
foliosHm,b based on Nuttall's MSS. name E.foliosum. Haussknecht c recognized three sub-
species, namely, stenophyllum {=folioswn Nutt.), platyphyUum, and adenophorum.
Suksdorff' considers /o/(osum a good species and also describes A. minutum canescens and
A. foliosum glabrum.
6. Epilobium palustre L. Sp. PI. 1: 348. 1753.
Ty'pe locality. European.
Range: Alaska to Washington, Colorado, and Canada. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Sul-sdorf37-l.
7. Epilobium franciscanum Barliey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876.
Type locality: " Neai' San Francisco," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Lake Kalispcl, Kreager, July 30, 1902: Spokane, Piper 2269.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The specimen listed by Suksdorf as E. ivatsoni Barbey is the same as the Spokane plant
above mentioned.
8. Epilobium adenocaulon Haussk. Oestr. Bot. Zeitschr. 29: 119. 1879.
Type locality: Ohio.
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsyl-
vania.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2568; Montesano, Heller 3992, 3974;
Mount Constitution, Henderson 24G0; Seattle, Piper 102: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-59;
Nisqually Valley, Alien 15; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson 2461: Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 420; Falcon Valley, Sul'sdorf 21E0: Lake Keechelus, Henderson
2462; Coulee City, Lake cfe Hull 174, 744: Alkali Lake, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 412; Spokane,
Piper 3515.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
A very variable species. The specimens referred in Cooper's Report to Epilobium tetra-
gonum L. doubtless belong here.
8a. Epilobium adenocaulon occidentale Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 95. 1891.
Type locality: Beaver City. Utah.
Range: Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Wenache, WMied in 1895, 1300; Beaver Creek, Whited 3; Spo-
kane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Pullman, Piper 3056, 3057, 1632; Hull 792.
a West Am. Scientist 11 : 77. 1901 . c Monog. Epil. 248. 1884.
hY\. 1: 490. 1840. rfDeutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 87. 1900.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. i03
9. Epilobium halleanum Haussk. Monog. Epil. 261. 1884.
Type locality: "Hab. in Oregon." Collected by Hall.
Range: Vancouver Island to Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 1130; Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 2308; Klickitat
County, Sulcsdorf 15; Skamania County, Sulcsdorf 2309; Vancouver, Piper 4929.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
10. Epilobium brevistylum Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 187(5.
Type locality: Sierra Covmty, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2345; Chiquash Mountains, Sulsdorf
2189; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 5^; Mount Stuurt, Elmer 1202; Railroad Creek, £'/m«' 701;
Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2569.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
11. EpUobium. anagallidifolium Lam. Encyc 2: 376. 1786.
Type locality: "Mont-d'Or."
Range: Arctic America, south to Labrador and in the mountains to California and Colo-
rado. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2354; Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 189;
North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 640; Mount Adams, Flett 1241.
Zonal dlstribution: Artie.
12. Epilobiura oregonense Haussk. M(m()g. Epil. 276. 18S4.
Ty^pe locality: Oiegon. Collected by Hall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2351; Lake Kecchelus, Henderson in
1892.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
13. Epilobium alpinum L. Sp. PI. 1: 348. 1753.
Epilobium lactiflorum Haussk. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 29: 89. 1879.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpibus Helveticis, Lapponicis."
Range: Subarctic regions, southward to Oregon, Utah, and New Hampshire. Europe.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 190; Piper 2166; Mount Constitution,
Henderson 2453; Mount Kdmws, Sulcsdorf \Q\ Silverton, 5«(/ct in 1899; Skokomish River,
Kincaid 22502; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cC* Leiberg in 1893; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson
2454: Chiquash Mountains, f2309.
Epilobium davuricum Fisch. in Hornem. Hort. Bot. Ilavn. Suppl. 44. 1S19. Hauss-
knecht in his Monograph reports this from Tacoma, collected by Krause, but we have seen
no specimens thus referable. It was originally described from Siberia, and ranges at least
as far east as Alaska.
Epilobium origanifolium Lam. This name appears on Suksdorf's list, but the species
is not known to occur in North America.
TARAXIA.
White-pubescent ; leaves deepl}' pinnatitid 1. T. tanacrdfolia.
Glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves entire or denticulate 2. T. heteraniha.
Leaves pinnatilld 2a. T. heteraniha taraxaci folia.
1. Taraxia tanacetifolia (Torr. & Gr.).
Oenothera tanacetifolia Torr. & Gr. Pacil. R. Rep. 2: 121. pi. 4. 18.54.
Taraxia longiflora Nutt.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 185. 189G.
Oenothera nuttalln Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 506. 1840, not Sweet, 1830.
Ty'Pe locality: "On the higher parts of the Sierra Nevada; latitude 41°, California.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: W\tz\\\\e, Sandherg & Leiherg 162: Vmh Cvve\i vonntvy , Suk>idorj
308; Spokane County, Suksdoif 309; Marshall Junction, Piper 22.59.
Zonal distdibution: Arid Transition.
2. Taraxia heterantha (Nutt.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 185. 1896.
Oenothera heteratha Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 22. 1834.
Type locality: "Towards the sources of the Columbia, in dry prairies." Collected by
Wyeth.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and Utah.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1012; Rock Creek, Sandberg d- Leiherg 130;
Spangle, Piper 2835; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1195.
Zonal dlstribution: Arid Transition.
2a. Taraxia heterantha taraxacifolia (S.Wats.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club. 23: 185.
1896.
Oenothera heterantha taraxacifolia S. W'ats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: .589. 1873.
Taraxia taraxacifolia Heller, Muhlenbergia 1:1. 1900.
Type locality: Near Austin, Nevada.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Rock Creek, Spokane County, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, 120 in part;
Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 451 ; Walla Walla, Griffiths cfc Cotton 451.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
SPHAEROSTIGMA.
Flowers axillary, ^-ellow or yellowish.
Capsule linear, more or less curved \. S. contortum.
Capsule broadest at base, attenuate upward.
Seeds pale, linear; flowers very small. 2. S. andinum.
Seeds dark, clavate ; flowers larger 3.5. hilgardi.
406 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers white or rose-colored, in nodding spikes.
Herbage viscid-glandular 4. S. booth ii.
Herbage puberuleut, not glandular 5. 5. alyssoides.
1. Sphaerostigma contortum (Dougl.) Walp. Repert. 2: 78. 1843.
Oenothera contorta Dougl; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 214. 1833.
Type locality: "Sandy barren soil on the interior banks of the Columbia River."
Collected by Douglas.
Specimens examined: 1. Form with stalked pods: Wilson Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiben/
263; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pasco, Piper 296.5a; North Yakima, Henderson,
May 27, 1892.
2. Form with pods .sessile: Pasco, Piper 2965b; west Klickitat County, Siihsdorf 555, 85;
Bingen, Suhsdorf 2311 ; Ilia, LaJce cfc Hull.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
The two forms above listed are probably distinct, but it remains to be determined which
is typical S. contortum, as the distinguishing character does not appear in the original
description. The sessile-podded form was later described as S. strigulosa Fisch. & Mey.
from California. The whole group is in need of critical study.
2. Sphaerostigma andinum (Xutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 79. 1843.
Oenothera andina Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 512. 1840.
Type locality: "Dry plains in the Rocky Mountains, near Black-Foot River." Col-
lected by Nuttall.
Range: Wa.shington and Montana to Nevada and Utah.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 86; EUensburg, Piper 2675; Elmer 429;
North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 311; Flett 1230; Klicki-
tat Valley, Howell 1503; Pasco, Piper 2994; Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Walla Walla
region, BtYindegee 786: without locality, U^.^ey 235: Coulee City, Pi/^er 3907, 3908: Ellens-
burg, Cotton 865.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Sphaerostigma hilgardi (Greene) Small, Bull. Torr. Clul) 23: 188. 1S96.
Oinothira hdyardl Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 41. 1883.
Type locality: "On moist alkaline soil of the Klickitat Swale," Washington. Col-
lected by Hilgard.
Range: Eastern W^ashington.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1093; EUensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897;
North Yakima, Elmer 1082; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 290; Sprague,
Sandberg cfc Leiberg 145; l)etween Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May 27, 1896;
EUensburg, Cotton 865.
Zonal Distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Sphaerostigma boothii (Dougl.) Walp. Rep. 2: 77. 1843.
Oenothera boothii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 213. 1833.
^Oenothera pygmaea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 213. 1833.
Type locality: "On low exposed gravelly hills, near the branches of Lewis and Clark's
River, lat. 46° north." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandberg d- Leiberg 441; Snake River, Walla Walla
region, Brandegee 785; Troeedy, June, 1883.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
5. Sphaerostigma alyssoides minutiflorum (S. Wats.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23:
192. 1896.
Oenothera alyssoides minutijlora S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 591. 1873.
Type locality: "Northern Nevada and about Salt Lake, Utah."
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 407
Range: Washington to Nevada and Utah.
Specimens examined: Near Morgans Ferry, Suhsdorf 310; Ci'ah and Wilson creeks,
Sandberg d: Leiberg 262.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
OENOTHERA. Evening primrose.
1. Oenothera biennis muricata (L.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: under pi. 160Jf. 1833.
Oenothera muricata L. Syst. Veg. ed. 12. 263. 1767.
Type locality: "Canada."
Range: British Cokinibia and Washington; New England to Nova Scotia and Quebec.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 407; Tacoma, Flctt 149; Waitsburg,
Horner 181; Meyers Falls, Beattie cf; Chapman 199.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
la. Oenothera biennis strigosa (Rydberg).
Onagra strigosa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 278. 1900.
Oenothera biennis canescens Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 492. 1S40, not Oenothera canesceni Torr. &
Frem. in Frem. Rep. 315. 1845.
Type locality: Pony, Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1250; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895;
Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 397; Chelan, Elmer 495; Wilson Creek, Lake d- Hull,
August, 1892; Medical Lake, Henderson, July, 1892; Almota, Piper, September, 1897;
Wawawai, Horner 673.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
ANOGRA.
1. Anogra pallida (Lindl.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 175. 1896.
Oenothera pallida Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1H2. 1828.
Ti'PE locality: "In the Northwest of North America." "Growing among sand in all
the dry country west of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Mexico.
Specimens examined:. Wenache, Whited 1110; Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 970; White
Bluff Ferry, Lake d' Hull, August, 1892; Pasco, Piper 2992; Hindshaw 43; Glendale,
Lake cfc Hidl 522; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfr Leiberg 217; Lake Chelan, Hoirard
in 1899; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey 537;
Kiona, Piper, July, 1897; Steamboat Rock, McKay 20.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
GAYOPHYTUM.
Seeds canescent with appressed hairs 1.6'. lasiospermiim.
Seeds glabrous.
Stems branched at base, very leafy, the shoots erect; capsules
olong, nearly sessile, 4.6'. pumilum.
Stems usually much-branched above, remotely leafy; capsules on
elongated pedicels.
Flowers large, 6 to 12 mm. broad 2. 6. diffiisum.
Flowers small, 2 to 4 mm. broad 3. 6. ramosissimum.
1. Gayophytuni lasiospernium Greene, Pittonia 2: 164. 1891.
Ti-PE locality: Near Julian, California.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 168; Ellensburg, Piper 2634; Mount Adams,
Henderson 2466; Chelan, Elmer 488; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 252;
408 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ConconuUy, Whited 1313; Spokane, Piper 2634; Henderson 2467; Nile, Henderson 2464;
Sprague, Lahe cfe Hull, August, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Gayophytum diffusum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 513. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains and plains of Oregon." Collected l\v Xuttall.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Winted; along Methow River, Whited 220: Loomis-
ton, Elmer 609; Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull, August, 1892; Klickitat River, Flett 1405;
Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Geyer 546.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 513. 1840.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Sulcsdorf2Z\Q, 2297, 2296, 2295, 22; Henderson,
August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Falcon Valley, SuTcsdorf 2257 , 20, 21;
North Yakima, Piper, June, 1897; Henderson, May, 1892; Wenache, Whited in 1896;
W'ashtucna, Elmer 1042; Peshastin, Sandberg d" Leiberg 528; Cascade Mountains, Piper,
July, 1895; Nason City, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, July, 1893; without locality, Brandegee 781;
Ritzville, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 159; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains,
Horner 293, 292; Walla Walla, Nuttall.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Hooker a recognizes two subspecies, l)ut evidently his names have become interchanged
in respect to the characters.
Capsules short, the fruiting pedicels refracted G. ramosissimum strictipes.
Capsules longer, canescent, pedicels erect in fruit G. ramosissin^um deiJexum.
4. Gayophytum pumilum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 193. 1883.
Type locality; "From San Bernardino County, California, to Washington Territory."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 376; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June,
1881, and 19; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 82; bars of Touchet River, i?orner 286; near
Salmon River, Horner 284; Blue Mountains, Horner 317, 119; Skamania County, Flett
1236.
Zonal distribution: Canadian?
Gayophytum racemosum Torr. & Gr., and Gayophytum caesium Torr. & Gr. Both
these names, which are considered to represent one species, appear in Suksdorfs list. The
type of the latter was collected in " Oregon, on dry open plains near Walla Walla," by Nut-
tall, po.ssibly a Washington locality, but many of Nuttall's plants so labelled were collected
far to the southeast of Wallula (Old Fort Walla Walla). At any rate we have seen no Wash-
ington specimens of the plant, those lalielled G. racemosum being as a rule G. ramosissimum.
PACHYLOPHUS.
Leaves green, glabrous, except the villous margins \. P. marginatus.
Leaves canescent-puberulent on both sides 2. P. canescens.
1. Pachylophus marginatus (Nutt.)
Oenothera marginata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 500. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains in Upper California, about lat. 42°,'' probably in
Idaho. Collected by Nuttall.
Speci.mens examined: Steptoe Canyon, McKay.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
aLond. Journ. Bot. 6: 224. 1847.
pjPEK FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 409
2. Pachylophus canescens sp. nov.
Acaulescent or nearly so, cespitose, the whole plant canescent with a fine appressed
pubescence; root stout and woody, becoming 30 cm. long or more; leaves rather numerous,
pale green, oblanceolate, repandly dentate or subentire, obtuse or acute, each attenuate
into a petiole with margins narrower than the broad white midrib; calyx canescent, the
tube very narrow, 5 to 6 cm. long, twice the length of the lanceolate attenuate lobes; petals
broadly obovate, pink, 2 to 3 cni. long; pods 2 to 3 cm. long, linear-oblong, attenuate into
a stout beak, canescent like the leaves.
This species is distinguishable from the others of the genus only by the character of the
pubescence.
Specimens examined: Washington — Sentinel Bluffs in gravelly soil. Cotton 1345 (type);
Priest Rapids, Brandegee 77, July 14, 1903. Oregon— near Harper Ranch , Leiherg 2103;
near Wcstfall on road to Ontario, Comlle 504 ; without locality, Ovsick in 1885. California^
Without locality, Vasey in 1880.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
The type is in the National Ilerljariuni.
LAVAUXIA.
1. Lavauxia triloba (Nutt.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 367. 1835.
Oenothera triloba Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 2: 118. 1821.
Type locality: "In the arid and partly denudated prairies of Red River," Arkansas.
Range: Washington and Saskatchewan, south to California and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Yakima River, <.9uts(ior/ 1703.
GODETIA.
Calyx tips free in the bud, the lobes separate in anthesis; stigmas
oval, purple; capsules sessile.
Ovary and capsule villous i- G- quadrivulnera.
Ovary and capsule puberulent 2. G. fenella.
Calyx tips united, remaining so in anthesis; capsules mostly pedicelled.
Anthers sparsely hairy, large, the terminal portion ste:ile and
often becoming hooked. S. G. amoena.
Anthers glabrous, small, fertile to the tips 4. (t. caurina.
1. Godetia quadrivulnera (Dougl.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 389. 1835.
Oenothera einadrivuhiera Dougl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. 1110. 1827.
Godetia hingensis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 88. 1900.
Type locality: "Northwest America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Fox Island, Flett 84; Tacoma, Flett 907, 167; Olympia to Gate
City, Heller 4050; Steilacoom, Piper in 1885; Suckley in 1885; Bingen, Suksdorf, July 4,
1892; June 13, July, 1881; Yelm, Smith 428; Puget Sound, Wdkes Expedition 133.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Godetia teneUa (Cav.) Spach; Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 697. 1840.
Oenothera tenella Cav. Icon. 4: 66. pi. 396. 1797.
Type locality: "Habitat prope urbem Talcahuano in Chile."
Range: Washington to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2152; Clallam County, Elmer 2567
3. Godetia amoena (Lehm.) Lilja, Linnaea 15: 265. 1841.
Oenothera amoena Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 8. 1821.
Oenothera lindleyi Dougl. Hook. Bot. Mag. 55: pi. £832. 1828.
Godetia vinosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22: pi. 1850. 1836.
Type locality: "Amer[ica] Septentr[ionalis]."
410 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Sinclair Inlet, Piper, July, 1895; Steilacoom, Suclchy; Ska-
mania County, SuJcsdorf 2129; Chambers Prairie, Henderson, August, 1892; Johns Island,
Lawrence 189; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 27, July 1881 and 23.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Godetia caurina Abrams, sp. nov.
Stems erect, simple below, more or less branched above, 30 to 60 cm. high; herbage
minutely and rather sparsely puberulent throughout; leaves linear - lanceolate, entir'e;
flower heads mainly erect, oblong, obtuse at apex, 12 to 14 mm. long; calyx tube 2 mm.'
long; petals obovate, 15 to 18 mm. long, purple with a blotch of deeper color near the
center; anthers 3 mm. long, fertile to the tip, glabrous; stigmas linear-oblong, 3 mm.
long, yellow; capsule 8-ribbed, stoutly beaked at apex, 25 mm. long, tapering at base into
a pedicel fully half as long.
Nearest G^. amoena (Lehm.) Lilja from which it is best distinguished by its much smaller
glabrous anthers, which are not sterile at tip, and oblong obtuse flower buds.
Type locality: Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, collected by Elmer 2565, June,
1900 (type, United States National Herbarium, no. 401890).
Specimens examined: Mount Finlayson, Vancouver Island, Macoun, June 28, 1887;
Beacon Hill, Vancouver Island, Macoun, May 25, 1887.
Godetia viminea (Dougl.) Spach, Godetia lepida Lindl. Both these names appear
in Suksdorf 's list, but there are no specimens to indicate that these species occur in Wash-
ington. The species of this genus are very poorly understood.
BOISDUVALIA.
Upper leaves much broader than the lower ones; capsule septifragal in
dehiscence !. . . . 1 . 5. densifora.
Upper leaves not broadci- than the lower ones: capsule loculicidal in
dehiscence.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, pubescent 2. B. stricta.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, often glabrous 3. i?. qlabeUa.
1. Boisduvalia densiflora (Lindl.) S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Ciil. 1 : 233. 1876.
Boisduvalia douglasii Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 385. 1835.
Oenothera densifiora Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: ;*/. 1593. 1833.
Type locality: Northern California.
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, July, 1897; Ellensburg, WJdted 573; west Klicki-
tat County, 5?/t.S(7o// 2254; Leavenworth, WUted 248; Falcon \&\\c\, SuTcsdorf 557;
Peshastin, Sandberg <& Leiherg 588; Spokane, Piper, October 1, 1900; Pullman, Hull, July
16, 1892; Piper, 1839; Ellensburg, Cotton 866.
Zonal distribution : Ti-ansition and Upper Sonoran.
la. Boisduvalia densiflora pallescens Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 88. 1900.
Type locality: Near Bingen, Klickitat County, Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Bingen, Suksdorf.
Distinguished by having white flowers and somewhat larger seeds.
2. Boisduvalia stricta (A. Gray) Greene, Fl. Fran. 225. 1891.
Gayophytum strictum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 340. 1867.
Boisduvalia torreyi S. Wats, in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 233. 1876.
Oenothera torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 384. 1873.
Type loc>ality: Cloverdale, California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 411
Specimens examined: Seattle, Smith 411; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf 378, 558; foothills
Blue Mountains, Horner 176; Blue Mountains, Horner, August, 1896; Spokane, Piper,
June, 1897, Sandberg, McDougal, cfc Heller, 905; Pullman, Henderson 2470; Piper 2657;
2655; Wawawai, Elmer 757; Piper, June 23, 1901: Squaw Creek, Cotion 877; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 690.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Boisduvalia glabella (Xutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 89. 1843.
Oenothera i/Iabilla Xutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 505. 1840.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon east of Wallawallah." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 2656: Hull, July, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
CLARKIA.
Petals entire 1.6'. rliomhoidea .
Petals 3-lol)ed 2.C. pulchella.
1. Clarkia rhomboidea Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 214. 1833.
Type locality: "From the Great Falls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache Region, Brandegee 780; Wenache Gulch, Whited 1165;
Klickitat River, Fleft 1234: Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Stehekin, Whited,
July 5, 1901; Loon Lake, Wiiiston, July 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey 238; without
locality, Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Clarkia pulcheUa Pursh, Fl. 1: 260. 1814.
Type locality: "On the Kooskooskee and Clark's Rivers." Collected by Lewis. Ttie
first locality is in Idaho, opposite the town of Kamiah, the Camp Chopunnish, where Lewis
collected many plants.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Mrs. Steimveg in 1894; Pasco, Hindshaw 38;
Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1861; between Coulee City and Waterville,
Spillman, May, 1896; Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Sandherg tfc Leiherg 211; Tukanon
River, Lake & Hull 531; Pullman, Piper 1630; Tampico. Flett 1232; Colville Reservation,
GAffiths d' Cotton 376.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sunoran.
HALORAGIDACEAE. A^^\TER Milfoil Family.
Stamen 1 ; ovary l-celled Hippuris.
Stamens 2 to 8; ovary 2 to 4-celled Myriophyllum.
HIPPURIS. Marestail.
Alpine plant 2 to 5 cm. high \. H. montana.
Lowland plant 20 to .50 cm. high 2. //. vulgaris.
1. Hippuris vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 1: 4. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Arctic regions, southward to California, New Mexico, and Maine. Eiu'ope,
Asia.
412 CONTEIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, Lamb l'25i; Lake Ciishman, Pi/jf;- 2225; Whidby Island,
Gardner 350; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Seattle, Piper; Longmire Springs,
Piper, August, 1895; Columbia Valley, Lyall.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Hippuris montana Ledeb.; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 1: 76. pi. 86. f. 181. 1823.
Type locality: "Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier,
Allen 186; Piper 2136; Stevens Pass, Sandherg tfc Leiberg 792.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
MYRIOPHYLLUM. W.\ter milfoil.
Floral leaves shorter than the flowers 1 . M. spicafnm .
Floral leaves longer than the flowers.
Stamens 8 ; floral leaves pectinate 2. M. vcrlicillatiim.
Stamens 3 or 4; floral leaves denticulate 3. J/, hippuroides.
1. MyriophyUum spicatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 992. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to Calil'ornia and Florida.
Specimens examined: Lake Cushman, Piper 2230; Se'attle, Piper 1132; Yakima
region, Brandegee 776; Ellensburg, Hindshaw.
2. MyriophyUum verticiUatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 992. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Washington to Canada, southward to California and Florida.
Specimens examined: Segualiche Lake, Pfper, Ma}-, 1888; Lake Chelan, £"/«??/■, August,
1897; Parker, Ditnn, August 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, Gorman in 1897; Tacoma, Fleit 2146;
Lake Crescent, Lawrence 310.
3. MyriophyUum hippuroides Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 530. 1840.
Type locality: "Oregon, in ponds of the Wahlamet." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suk-sdorf 2176; Lindsleys, Clarke County,
Henderson.
ARALIACEAE. Gixsex(; Family.
Herb ; leaves compound Aralia.
Shrub ; leaves simple Echinopanax,
ARALIA.
1. AraUa nudicauUs L. Sp. PI. 1: 274. 1753.
Type locality: "In Virginia."
Range: Washington to Newfoundland, Missouri, and North Carolina.
Specimens e.xa.mined: Mount Carlton, Kreager 206.
ECHINOPANAX.
1. Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Dec. & Planch, in Rev. Hortic. 3: 105. 1854.
Devil's club.
Panax horridum Smith, Rees' Cycl. 26: No. 10. 1812.
Aralia erinacea Hook. Edinb. Journ. Sci. 6: 64. 1827.
Fatsia horrida Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. 1 : 939. 1867.
Type locality: Nootka Sound. Collected by Menzies.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 413
Range: Alaska to California and the Blue Mountains, Lake Superior.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; upper Valley Misqually, Allen 116;
near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 772; Stanapede Pass, Henderson, October 4, 1892; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg cb Leiberg 753; Yakima Pass, Watson, November 19, 1880; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July, 1896; Horner: Clallam County, Elmer 2508; Big Meadow, Kreager 424;
without locality, Vaseg in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
APIACEAE. Celery Family.
Flowers in dense heads ; fruit scaly or tuberculate Eryngium (p. 414).
Flowers in umbels.
Fruit more or less bristly.
Bristles hooked covering the whole fruit surface .... Sanictla (p. 414).
Bristles only on the ribs of the fruit.
Stylopodium obsolete; bristles barbed at tip.. . Daucus (p. 415).
Stylopodium conical; bristles not barbed.
Carpels oblong or ovate Caucalis (p. 416). .
Carpels linear Washingtonia (p. 416).
Fruit glabrous, not at all bristly.
Carpels strongly flattened ddrsally.
Stylopodium conical; petals obcordate Heraclel'M (p. 417).
Stylopodium flat or obsolete.
Calyx teeth evident; stylopodium flat Cynomarathrum (p. 417).
Caly.x teeth obsolete or nearly so; stylo-
podium obsolete.
Plant caulescent and branching:
flowers white.
Ultimate segments of the leaves
large Angelica (p. 418) .
Ultimate segments of the leaves
small Coniosf.li\l\m (p. 419).
Plants acaulescent ; or, if caulescent,
flowers not white.
Mostly acaulescent; lateral ribs
thin , LoMATirM (p. 419).
Mostly caulescent: lateral ribs
thick Leptotaenia (p. 425).
Carpels not dorsally flattened.
Oil tubes present: leaves not peltate.
Fruit with a single oil tube in each interval.
Stylopodium conical.
Leaflets linear Cartm (p. 426).
Leaflets lanceolate to ovate Ciclta (p. 426).
Stylopodium flat or obsolete.
Flowers yellow : leaves simple or t ri-
foliolate Zizia (p. 427).
Flowers white.
Fruit elongate Leibergia (p. 427).
Fruit short.
Leaves decompound .... Oenantiie (p. 427).
Leaves reduced to hollow
petioles Lilaeopsis (p. 428).
Fruit with more than one oil tube in each
interval.
414 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stylopodium conical.
Fruit globose Berula (p. 428).
Fruit oblong Ligusticum (p. 428).
Stylopodium flat or obsolete.
Ribs of the fruit wing-like.
Wings thick and corky ; flowers
white Glehnia (p. 429).
Wings thin; flowers yellow . . Pteryxia (p. 429).
i Ribs of the fruit not wing-like.
Plants acaulescent.
Fruit with all the ribs fili-
form: root not tuberous Hesperogenia (p. 430).
Fruit with the dorsal ribs
filiform, the lateral ones
corky; root tuberous. . Okocjenia (p. 4.30).
Plants caulescent: ribs of the
fruit all thick and corky.
Leaflets linear or narrowly
lanceolate Sil'm (p. 430).
Leaflets ovate Coelopleurum (p. 4.30).
Oil tubes obsolete or very obscure; leaves peltate. Hydrocotyle (p. 431).
ERYNGIUM.
Bractlets little longer than the pale blue heads I.E. articidatum.
Bractlets twice as long as the green heads 2. E. petiolaturn.
1. Eryng^um articulatum Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 232. 1847.
Eryngium harknessii Curran, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 153. 1885.
Type locality: "Stony edges of the Spokane River, and Skitsoe and Coeur d'Alene
Lakes." Collected by Ge\^er. The first locality is probably in Washington; the others are
in Idaho.
Range: From northern Idaho, through Washington and Oregon to central California.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Spalding; White Salmon, Suksdorf; Pullman, Piper
1559 and October 10, 1897; without locality, Geyer 583.
The specimens reported o as collected at Olympia \)y Henderson 251S, 2519, are really
from Eastern Washington.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Eryngium petiolatufn Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 259. 18:33.
Eryngium petiolaturn juncifolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 385. 1872.
Type locality: "Moist soils on the plains of the Multnomah [Willamette] River,"'
Oregon. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Western Oregon to Klickitat County, Washington.
Specimens ex.\mined: White Salmon, Sid-sdorf; Columbia Plains, Xuttall [Oregon or
Washington^].
SANICTJLA.
Mature fruit stipitate; leaves palmately divided I. S. menziesii.
Mature fruit sessile, not stipitate.
Leaves pinnately parted, the segments incised 4. .S'. bipinnatijida.
Leaves palmately divided.
Principal leaf divisions confluent at base 2. .5. howellii.
Principal leaf divisions distinct at base 3. S. septentrionalis.
uContr. Xat. Herb. 7: 52. 1900.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 415
1. Sanicula menziesii Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. 142. 1832.
Sanicula nudicauil^ Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 347. 1839-40.
Type locality: Not given, but California according to Hookei.a
Range: British Columbia to California near the coast.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Smith 643;
Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; west Klickitat County, Suksdotf; McAllisters Lake, Hen-
derson, June, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Sanicula howellii Coult. & Ro.se, Bot. Gaz. 13: 81. 1888.
Type locality: "Sandy shores, Tilamook Bay and Ocean Beach, Oregon." Collected
by Howell.
Range: Sea coast of Oregon to Vancouver Island.
Specimens examined: Orcas Island, Lyall; Whidby Island, Gardner; Granville, Conard
173.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Sanicula septentrionalis Greene, Eiythea 1: 6. 1893.
Sanicula divaricata Greene, Erythea 3: 64. 1895.
Type locality: "Chase River, Vancouver Island.'' Collected by Macoun.
Range: From northern California to Vancouver Island and western Montana.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, FZeW 21 ; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2772; Skamania
County, F?e« 1301 ; Goat Mountains, JZZen 254; White Salmon River, -S'7_/A-srfo// 276: Little
Klickitat River, Henderson 2577; Blue Mountains, Piper 2338.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
This species was formerly confused with the more southern iS'. nevadens'ts S. Wats.
4. Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 258. pi. 92. 1834.
Type locality: " Fort Vancouver on the Columbia." Collected by Douglas and
Scouler. <'
Range: From Vancouver Island to southern California, and extending into Lower
California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 137; Puget Sound, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Sanicula marilandica, L. has been reported from "undulating gravelly soils, near Fort
Vancouver, Douglas." b Xot since seen in Washington, but it occurs in northern Idaho.
Sanicula bipinnata Hook. & Arn. was found on "Prairie near Steilacoom" by Cooper,
according to Torrey.c Probably some related species was mistaken for it.
DAUCUS.
1. Daucus pusillus Michx. Fl. 1: 164. 1803. Wild carrot,
Daucus pusillus microphyllus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 636. 1840. ~~" o
Daucus pusillus scaber Torr. & Gr. loc. cit.
Type locality: "In campestribus Carolinae."
Range: From the Carolinas and Florida to California, thence northward to Vancouver
Island.
Specimens examined: Orchard Point, Piper 2010; Whidby Island, Gardner 132: East
Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper; Fidalgo Cit}", Flett
2103; Clallam County, .FZ/Her 2770; Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf, June, 1881.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
aFl. Bor. Am. 1:258. 1834.
& Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 2.57. 1834.
cPac. R. Rep. 12-': 62. 1860.
416 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
CATJCALIS.
1. Caucalis microcarpa Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 348. 1839-40.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: From Washington and Idaho to southern California and Arizona, and extend-
ing into Mexico.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2766; Almota, Piper, May 2, 1897;
Wawawai Elmer 93; Piper 1890, May 19, 1894; Lake 706: Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 16.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
WASHINGTONIA.
Fruit with bristly ribs.
Flowers purple 1. W. purpurea.
Flowers white.
Foliage strigose-pubescent 2. W. hrevipes.
Foliage glabrous or nearly so.
Fruit with a conspicuous sharp beak 3. W. divaricata.
Fruit constricted below the apex and with truncate tip. . . 4. W. leibergi.
Fruit glabrous.
Havs erect in fruit 5. W. occidentalis.
Rays spreading in fruit 6. W. ambigua.
1. Washingtonia purpurea Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 67. 1900.
Type locality: "Sitka, Alaska."
Range: Mountains of northern Oregon to Alaska.
Specimens examined: Chehalis County, Lamb 1382.
2. Washingtonia brevipes Coult. & Rase, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 66. 1900.
Type locality: "Mount Sliasta and vicinity, Siskiyou County, Cal." Collected by
Palmer.
Range: From northern Washington and adjacent Idaho to southern California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 110; Smith 110; Chehalis County, Heller 3975;
Whidby Island, 0. Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 63; Wenache Mountains, Whited 467;
Roslyn, Whited 467; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1176; Falcon Valley, SuTcsdorf 2115; Blue
Mountains, Horner 215; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 44; Clallam County,
Elmer 211 A; Stuart Island, Laiorence 56.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Washingtonia divaricata Britton 111. Fl. 2: 531. 1897.
Washingtonia intermedia Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 289. 1900.
Osmorhiza divaricata Nutt.: Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 639. 1840, nom. nud.; Britt. & Br. 111. Fl.
2: 531. 1897, as synonym.
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: From Oregon and northern California to vSouth Dakota, and northward to
Alaska.
Specimens examined: Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition 365; Silverton, 5o?/ci" 85; Ni.s-
qually Valley, Allen 34; Olympia, Henderson 376; Yakima County, Henderson 376; Rock
Creek, Spokane County, Suksdorf 1195; Spokane, F W. Deivart; Tukanon River, Lalce cfc
Hull 764; without locality, Vasey 306; Cape Horn, Piper 4979; Klickitat River, Cotton
1480.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Washingtonia leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 66. 1900.
Type locality: "Nason Creek, branch of Wenatchee River, Kittitas County, Washing-
ton." Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg.
Range: Mountains of Washington and Idaho.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTOiSr. 417
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 911; Mount Adams, Sulsdorf 1194;
Nason Ci'eek, Sandberf/ cfe Leiherg 666.
5. Washingtonia occidentalis (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herl). 7: 67. 1900.
Ghjcosma occidintalis Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 6.39. 1840.
Osmorhiza occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 71. 1859.
Ti'PE locality: " Western side of the Blue Mountains of Oregon." Collected by Nut tall.
Range. From Alberta to northern California and the mountains of Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whikd 1413; Simcoe Mountains, Howell;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2334; Nuttall; without locality, Vasey 304; Roslyn, W kited 465:
near Wenache, Whited 7; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Mount Carlton, Kreager 282;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1681.
Zonal distribution : Canadian.
6. Washingtonia ambigua (A. Gray) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 69. 1900.
Glycosma ambiguum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 386. 1872.
Osmorhiza ambigua Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Um. 119. 1888.
Type locality: "Foot of Cascade Mountains, Oregon." Collected by Ilall.
Range: Mountains of Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Goat Mountains, Allen 256; Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 382; foothills near Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Peshastin,
Sandherg & Leiberg 502; upper Atanum River, Henderson, Xngwsi 2, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. is reported in Hooker a as found by Douglas in
''Shady woods, North- West America, in the lat. of the Columbia." Same related species
is doubtless here confused.
Osmorhiza brevistylis DC. is reported in Hooker b as found " From the mouth of the
Columbia to Observatoiy Inlet, in lat. 55°. North-West America," the specimens collected
by Scolder and Douglas. Here again some related species has probably l>een confused.
HERACLETJM.
1. Heracleum lanatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1803. Cow parsnip. A^
Heracleurn donglasii DC. Prod. 4: 193. 1830. ~"
Heracleum lanatum vestitum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 632. 1840.
Type locality: "Canada."
Range: Wet ground from Canada to North Carolina and Tennessee, and extending
westward to New Mexico, California, and Ala.ska.
Specimens examined: Fidalgo Island, Lyallm. 1858; Silverton, Bouck; Skagit Pass, Lal:e
& Hull 538; Skokomish Valley, ^incaitZ, June 10, 1892; Cascade Mountains, iyoZZ; Pull-
man, Piper 1558; Rosljm, Whited 466; North Palouse River, Vasey, June 6, 1901; Spokane
County, Clarks Springs, Kreager 139; Spokane River, Willces Expedition 397: Olympic
Mountains, Elmer 2763; Piper in 1895; Seattle, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
Abundant in moist soil in most parts of the State. Douglas i-ecords that the "roots and
young stems are eaten by Chenook Indians."
CYNOMARATHRTJM.
1. Cynomarathrum brandegei Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 246. 1900.
Peucedanum brandegei Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 210. 1888.
Type locality: "Walla Walla region, Washington." Collected })y Brandegee.
Range: Eastern Washington.
aFl. Bor. Am. 1: 271- 1834. &F1. Bor. Am. 1: 272, 1834.
29418— or; M 27
418 CONTEIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Stehekin, Whited 1388; without locality, Vasey 296, 299;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiherg 516; \Yellington, Savage 18; Cascade Mountains, lat. 49°,
Lyall in 1860; Bridge Creek, El jner 651; Mount Stuart, £'Zmer 116; Walla Walla region,
Brandegee 799; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 236.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
ANGELICA.
Oil tubes in pairs in the lateral intervals 1. A. canhyi.
Oil tubes solitary in all the intervals.
Leaves densely tomentose beneath 2. A. hendersoni.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Involucels of numerous bractlets 3. A. genufexa.
Involucels usually wanting.
Fruit 6 to 8 mm. long with lateral wings thick and corky. . 4. A. arguta.
Fruit 4 to 6 mm. long, the lateral wings not thick and corkj' . 5. A. lyallii.
1. Angelica canbyi Coult. & Ro.se, Rev. X. A. Umb. 40. 1888.
Type locality: "Low grassy ground along streams, Klickitat River, near Mount
Adams," Washington. Collected Vjy Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Widted 1410, 1188; Ellensburg, Whited Si?) ;
Atanum Soda Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 638; near Mount
Paddo, Suksdorf 763; Blue Mountains, Piper 2335; Horner 302; Touchet River, Horner
301; without locality, Vasey 301; without locality, Brandegee 796J; Alkali Lake, Sandberg
<& Leiherg 420.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
2. Angelica hendersoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 80. 1888.
Type locality: "Bluffs moistened by sea spray. Long Beach, Ilwaco (Pacific County),
Washington." Collected by Henderson.
Range: Seacoast, from southern Washington to San Francisco.
Specimens examined: Ilwaco, Henderson, September 7, 1892; Nahcotta, Brodie in 1900.
Zonal dlstribution: Humid Transition.
3. Angelica genuflexa Xutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 620. 1840.
Archangelica peregrina Xutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 622. 1840.
Type locality: Wappatoo Island, [Oregon] and near Fort Vancouver [Washington].
Collected by Nuttall,
Range: From Oregon to southern Alaska, west of the Cascade Mountains.
Speclmens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890; Montesano, Heller 4035a; West
Seattle, Pi/>er628and August 3, 1889; Tacoma, FlettMM ; upper Valley Xisqually,.4ZZe7J 36;
Skamania County, Suksdorf; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 187; Sumas, Lyall: Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 627, 186; Olj'mpic Mountains, Elmer 2765.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Angelica arguta Xutt.: Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 620. 1840.
Type locality: "Wappatoo Island [Oregon] and near Fort Vancouver [Washington]."
Collected by Nuttall.
Specimens examined: Type specimen of Nuttall in the Herbarium of the New York
Botanical Garden.
This .species is known only from the original specimens of XuttaU. Unless these repre-
sent some unusual condition of A. lyallii it is difficult to understand why the species has
not been found since by the numerous botanists who have collected in and about the type
locality.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, ' 419
5. Angelica lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 374. 1882.
Type locality; "In the Galton and Cascade Mountains, near the British boundary."
Collected bj^ Lyall.
Rancje: In the mountains, from eastern Oregon to northwestern Wyoming and north-
ward to Alberta.
Specimens examined: 01\mipic Mountains, Piper 2023; Mount Rainier, Piper in
1890; Allen; upper Valle}- Nisqually, Allen; Stampede Pass, Henderson in 1892; Mount
Adams, Suhsdorf 636; Falcon Valley, Howell in 1882; Sitksdorf 128; without locality,
Brandegee 796; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 855;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2336, August 2, 1896; Dry Creek, Whitman County ]'asei/, July
30, 1901 ; Clealum Creek, Cotton 830.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Iludsonian.
Angelica sp. An undescribed species of Angelica occurs on Mount Adams, of which
immature specimens have been collected by Henderson. It has been referred erroneou.sly *
to ^4. Tcingii {Selinurn Mngii S. Wats.) to which it is perhaps nearest related.
CONIOSELINTJM.
1. Conioselinum gmeKni (Cham. & Schlecht.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herlx 7:
150. 1900.
Ligusticum gmelini Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 391. 1826.
Selinurn benthami S. Wats. Bibl. Index 432. 1878.
Selinurn hooTceri S. Wats.; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N, A. Umb. 45. 1888.
Conioselinum jischeri Auct. Amer.
Type locality: ''Unala.ska.'"
Range: From Alaska and Northwest Territory southward to the Columbia River along
the coast.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Piper July, 1890, 631; Port Ludlow, Binns in
1890; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma, Flett 131; Steilacooin, Sucliey; l\\\ aco, Hen-
derson 2160; Straits of De Fuca., Scouler; Puget Sound, Wilkes E;rpedition 7.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
In Cooper's report this plant was referred to Coniuia maculatHm L. and spoken of by
Torrey as "the large form of the northwest coast."
LOMATIUM.
Low plants arising from thick tubers.
Flowers white; tubers globose.
Fruit puberulent _ 1. L. gormani.
FiTjit glabrous.
Oil tubes none; tubers often moniliforni 2. L. geijeri.
Oil tubes present.
Tubers large; oil tubes solitary in the
intervals 3. L. canhyi.
Tubers small; oil tubes several in each
interval.
Pedicels slender, longer tliaii the
fruits 4. L. fnrinosum.
Pedicels stout, much shorter than
the fniits 5. L. piperi.
Flowers yellow ; tubers elongate.
Fniit puberulent.
Oil tubes 3 to 6 in each interval. 6. L. iratsoni.
Oil tubes solitary in the intervals 1 . L. cons.
Fniit glabrous; oil tubes solitary in the intervals. 8. L. circumdatum.
420 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Taller plants, the roots elongate, hardly tuberous.
Peduncles stout, often much swollen at the summit.
Fruit very large, 18 to 28 mm. long: leaf segments
narrow 9. L. sulsdorfii.
Fruit smaller 8 to 14 mm. long.
Leaf segments lanceolate 10. L. nudicaiile.
Leaf segments ovate to orbicular 11. L. platuphi/Uum.
Peduncles less stout, never swollen at the top.
Bractlets conspicuous.
Flowers yellow; leaves glabrous 12. L. utricuJatiun.
Flowers white.
Herbage tomentose 13. L. macrocarpum.
Herbage puberulent 14. Z. artemisiarum.
Bractlets small or wanting.
Fruit linear; flowers long-pedicelled lo. L. amhiguum.
Fruit oblong.
Leaves pinnate.
Oil tubes solitary in the intervals. . . 16. L. martindalei.
Oil tubes 3 in each interval 17. L. hallii.
Leaves ternate.
Wings of the fruit broad.
Ill-scented, the leaves fineh'
dissected 21. L. grayi.
Not ill-scented, the leaves not
finely dissected 18. Z. laevigatnm.
Wings of the fruit narrow.
Ovaries glabrous 19. Z. trUernatum.
Ovaries puberulent.
Leaf segments lanceolate,
elongate, usually entire... 20. L. rolmstbts.
Leaf segments oblong, rather
short, often toothed 22. L. hrevifoVntm.
1. Lomatium gormani (Howell) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 208. 1900.
Peucedanum gormani Howell, Fl. X. W. Am. 1: 252. 1898 (April 1).
Peucedanum confusuni Piper, Erythea 6: 29. 1898 (April 10.)
Type locality: On "high hills opposite The Dalles," Washington. Collected by
Howell.
Range: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and adjacent Idaho.
Speclmens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whiied 60; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg
in 1894; Klickitat, Howell 411; Rock Creek, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 84; Pullman, Piper 1565;
Elmer 73; Wawawai, Piper 1566; Colfax, Vasey, April 13, May 5, 1902; Waitsburg, Horner
4; Spokane County, Leiberg 750; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Lomatiura geyeri (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 209. 1900.
Peucedanum geyeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 293. 1879.
Peucedanum evittatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 277. 1889.
Type locality: "Sandy woods and plains, upper Columbia River; the biscuit-root of
the Indians." Collected by Geyer, no. 458, probably along the lower Spokane River.
Range: Eastern Washington and northern Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1007 and May 17, 1896; Badger Mountain,
Whited, April 22, 1900; Roslyn, Whited, April 25, 1898; Ellensburg, Whiied 270; Piper,
May 20, 1897; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2300, 2941, 2697; Henderson
2502; Hangman Creek, Sandherg c& Leiberg 7; Ellensburg, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 421
3. Lonaatium canbyl Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 210. 1900.
Peucedamiin canhyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 78. 1888.
Type locality: "High ridges, E. Oregon." Collected by Hmvell.
Range: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited2S7; Ellensburg, Whifed 287, 258 and May 4,
1898: North Yakima, Mrs. Sfeinweg in 1894: Klickitat Valley, Howell 1367, 67; near
Columbus, SuJcsdorf, April 13, 1886; Davenport, Geo. R. Sawyer, April 13, 1901; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 567; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Loraatium farinosum. (Qeyer) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Her}). 7: 210. 1900.
Peucedanum farlnosuni Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 235. 1847.
Ferula farinosa Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. loc. cit.
Type locality: "On an isolated rock in the Coeur d' Aleine Mountains on wet clay."
Collected by Geyer.
Range: Eastern Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Pine City, Piper, May 6, 1898; Rock Lake, Sandberg ct' Leiherg,
May, 1893; Rock Creek, Sandberg ct Leiherg 131; near Spangle, Piper, May 31, 1901;
Almota, Piper 2794; Wawawai, Elmer 98; Piper 1567; Coulee City, Piper 3874; North
Palouse River, Vasey, May 25, 1902.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. Lomatium. piperi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 211. 1900.
Type locality: "Ellensburg, Kittitas County, Wash." Collected by G. R. Vasey.
Range: From the mountains of northern California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Valley, Howell, February 15, May, 1S7.S: Klickitat
River, Flett 1304; White Salmon, Sulcsdoif27S: Klickitat Hills, Gorman. ApvW, 1S9.5.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Lomatium ■watsoni Ctnilt. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 211. 1900.
Peucedanum watsoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 209. 1888.
Type locality: "Simcoe Mts.," Yakima County, Wash. Collected l)y Howell.
Range: Mountains of Oregon and Washington.
Specimens examined: Near Columbus, ^SwZr.sr/o//.- Klickitat, //o/r. 7: 134. 1900.
Type locality: "Traille River Basin, Kootenai County, Idaho." Collected by Leiberg.
Range: Idaho and eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2427: Horner 308; Latah Creek, Suksdorf
1199.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTOX. 429
LiGUSTicuM TENCiFOLiuM S. Wats. was included in Suiisdorf's list on the basis of the
Suksdorf specimen above cited.
4. Ligusticum purpureum Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 137. 1900.
Type locality: "Goat Mountains, Washington." Collected by Allen.
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2009, August, 1895: Allen 259; near Mount
Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 706: Mount Adams, Suksdo>fF>Sl.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
Related to the above species, but apparently distinct, are the following specimens: Mount
Rainier, Piper 629; Stevens Pass, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 731; Whited 1464; Wenachc Moun-
tains, Cotton 1685; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 288. Better material is needed to clear
up the matter.
Ligusticum scothicum L. Sp. PI. 1: 2.50. 1753. Type locality, "Ad litoia Maris in
Anglia, Suecia." Range, salt marshes along the east coast from Labrador (and up the
St. Lawrence) to Connecticut; along the entire Alaskan coast; also coasts of northern Asia
and Europe. "Mouth of the Columbia." according to Hooker, basing on Douglas. a "Not
rare along coast at Shoalwater Bay," according to A. Gray, basing on Cooper. & The
species is common on the Alaskan coast, but there are no specimens preserved in American
herbaria to show that it occurs on the Washington coast.
GLEHNIA.
1. Glehnia littoralis (A. Gray) Schmidt, Mem. Acad. Petrop. VH. 12-: 138. 1868, as
syn.; Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 165. 1900.
Cymopterus littoralis A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12-': 62. 1860.
Phellopterus littoralis Schmidt, Mem. Acad. Petrop. VH. 12- : 138. 1868.
Type locality: "On the sands of the seashore at Shoalwater Bay." Washington. Col-
lected by Cooper.
Range: Sand}' seashores from Oregon to Alaska; also in Korea and Japan.
Specimens examined: Oyhut, Lamb 1249; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Whidby Island,
Gardner 138; Clallam County, Elmer 2768; Ilwaco, Piper 5002.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PTERYXIA.
Leaves with pale rigid segments 1. P. terebinthina.
Leaves greener with segments not rigid 2. P.foeniculacea.
1. Pteryxia terebinthina (Hook.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 171. 1900.
Selinxtn terebinthinuin Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 266. pi. 95. 1834.
Cymopterus terebinihinus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 624. 1840.
Pteryxia terebinthacea Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 624. 1840, as synonym.
Type locality: " Sandy grounds of the Wallawallah River. North-West coast of America."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Dry ground, eastern Oregon and eastern Washington.
Specimens ex.\mined: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley.
Suksdorf 129; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 317; Atanum River, Flett 1295; Pasco, Hindshaw,
May, 1896; Piper 2980; Henderson, May, 1892; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898;
Walla Walla region, Brandegee 803; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg d' Leiberg
230: Moxee to North Yakima, Griffiths ci: Cotton 39: Prosser, Co/ton 1080: Rock Creek,
Cotton 957.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
aFl. Bor. Am. 1: 265. 1834. 6 Pac. R. R. Rep. 12^: 62. 1860.
430 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBAEIUM.
2. Pteryxia foeniculacea (Torr. & Gr.) Nutt. ; Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb.
7: 171. 1900.
Cymopterus foenicidaceus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 624. 1840.
Type locality: "On rocks, Blue Mountains of Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner 305: Piper 2340; Tukanon River, Lake cfc
Hitll 535: Almota, Piper 2795; Wawawai, Elmer 770: without localit}', Vasey 309 i; Clarks
Springs, Spokane Count}', Kreager 119.
Zonal dlstribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
HESPEROGENIA.
1. Hesperogenia stricklandi Coult. lV; Rose, Contr. Xat. llerli. 5: 203. 1899.
Type locality: "Mount Rainier, Washington." Collected l)v Allen.
Range: Mount Rainier, Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 278; Fhtt, August, 1897; Sfricl-land'm 1896.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
OROGENIA.
1. Orogenia linearifolia S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 120. /)/. L'f. fuja. 1 to 3. 1871.
Type locality: "Damp shaded ridge of the Wahsatch, north of Parley's Park, 7,500
feet altitude," Utah. Collected by Watson.
Range: From Washington and Idaho to Oregon, Utah, and southwestern Colorado.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf in 1882; east of the Cascade Mountains,
Wilkes Expedition.
SIUM.
1. Siuni cicutaefolium Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1:558. 1798.
Slum lineare Michx. Fl. 1 : 167. 1803.
Sium pusillum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1 : 611. 1840.
Type locality: Not determined.
Range: In swamps from Newfountllaud to Virginia, west to British Columbia and
northern California. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Sumas, Lyall in 1858-59; Seattle, Piper, September, 1892;
Tacoma, Flett 144, 220; Lindsley's ranch, Clarke County, Henderson 375, Trout Lake,
Suksdorf 185; Spokane County, Suksdorf 922; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 17, 1901;
Pullman, Piper; Rock Lake, Lake d' Hull 536; Toppenish, Cotton 768.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
COELOPLEURUM.
Leaflets obtuse, very thick 1. C. maritimum.
Leaflets acute or acuminate, thinner 2. C. longipes.
1. Coelopleurum maritimum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 145. 1888.
Type locality: "Wet ocean bluffs. Long Beach, Ilwaco (Pacific County), Wash." Col-
lected by Henderson.
Range: Ocean bluff's near the mouth of the Columbia River.
Specimens examined: Ilwaco, Henderson, September, 1892; Piper 4995.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Coelopleurum longipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 142. 1900.
Type locality: "Tide marshes near A.storia, Oregon." Collected by Howell.
Range: Seacoast swamps, from the Columbia River to southern Alaska.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 567; Tacoma, Piper; Union City, Piper in 1890;
Fairhaven, f/' 2648;
Wawawai, Piper, June 9, 1894; Lake & Hull 440; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896;
Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Cornus baileyi Coult. & Evans has twice been reported from Washington. In each case
the specimens are, in our opinion, really C. stolonifera.
3. Cornus nuttallii Audubon; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:652. 1840. Dogwood.
Type locality: Oregon.
Range; Briti-sh Columbia to California, west of the Ca.scade Mountains, and in nortli
Idaho.
432 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-59; Seattle, Piper 113; upper Valley
Nisqually, Allen 208; Railroad Creek, Elmer in 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Clallam County, Elmer 2698; Stehekin, Griffiths cfc Cotton 225.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species very commonly blossoms a second time in the fall, when the fruit fi'om the
spring flowers is ripe. These fall flowers are often pink-tinged.
4. Cornus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 118. 175.3.
Type locality: "In Canada."
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to California, Colorado, Minnesota, and
New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Ilwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892; Silverton, Bouck 89;
Mount Rainier, F?c^/ 293; Piper; Stevens P&ss, SandbeiYj d; Leiberg 776; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall; "Columbia River, frequent," Douglas; Entiat Creek, Mrs. Howe;
Big Meadows, Kreager 423; Lake Kalispel, Kreager, Jul}' 3, 1902; without locahty, Vasey
in 1889; Ilwaco, Piper 4950.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
Cornus suecica var. (i Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 277. "Fort Vancouver on the Columbia.
Dr. Scouler." The above reference is all the evidence we have of the occurrence of this
species in Washington. It is probable that the specimen is merely a form of C. canadensis L.
GARRYA.
1. Garrya fremontii Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 136. 1857.
Type locality: "On the Upper Sacramento, above the Great Canon." Collected by
Fremont.
Range: Middle California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Wind River, FZe/< 1211.
Garrya elliptica Douglas is included by Suksdorf in his list, but there are no speci-
mens to substantiate its occurrence in Washington.
PYROLACEAE. Pyrola Fa:mily.
Flowers solitary; style long Moneses.
Flowers not solitary.
Inflorescence a corymb; style short Chimaphila.
Inflorescence a raceme; styles mostly long Pyrola.
MONESES.
1. Moneses unifiora (L.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 1: 273. 1848.
Pyrola uniforaL. Sp. PI. 1: 397. 1753.
Moneses grandiflora S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 2: 403. 1821.
Moneses reticulata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. wSoc. 8: 271. 1843.
Type locality: " Habitat in Europae borealis sylvis."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Pennsylvania, Colorado, and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Humptulips, Lamb 1084a; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 67;
Silverton, Bouck 127; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 949; Skamania County,
Suksdorf2243; Green River Hot Springs, Pipfr in 1888; Big Meadows, Zrea^er 413; Ilwaco,
Piper 5023.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
CHIMAPHILA.
Flowers many; leaves cuneate-oblanceolate, numerous I. C. umbellafa.
Flowers few; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, few 2. C. menziesii.
PIPER— FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 433
1. Chiraaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. Gen. 1 : 274. 1818.
Pyrola urnheJlata L. Sp. PI. 1 : 396. 1753.
Chimaphila corymbosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 300. 1814.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae, Asiae and Americae septentrionalis sylvis."
Range: British Columbia to Canada, southward to Mexico and Georgia. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; near Skagit Pass,
Lake cfc Hull 564; Fort Vancouver; Wenache Valley, Saiidberg cfc Leiberg 565; head of
Twisp River, Whited 189; without locality, Fasej/ 372; Olympic Mountains, E'Z/nfr 2471;
Davis ranch, Kreager 179.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
2. Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 317. 1825.
Pyrola menziesii R. Br.; D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 5: 245. 1824.
Type locality: "Habitat in Americae ora boreali-occidentali."
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen 103; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Flett 1215; Mount Stuart,
Sandberg <£• Leiberg 569; Falcon Valley, Sukfdorf 39; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, Octo^
ber 5, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake d- Hull, July 4, 1892; Mount Carlton, Kreager 284.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
PYROLA.
Stjde straight.
Leaves orbicular; style very short 1. P. minor.
Leaves ovate; style long 2. P. secunda, .
Style curved downward. —:,,
Green leaves none, or very rudimentary. ,
Flowers red 3. P. aphylla.
Flowers white 5a. P. picta itifegra.
Green leaves present.
Calyx lobes obtuse, very short; flowers greenish 4. P. cidorantJui.
Calyx lobes acute.
Flowers white or whitish.
Veins of leaves white-bordered 5. P. picta.
Veins of leaves not white-bordered.
Leaves spatulate-oblong, not glaucous 5a. P. picta dentata.
Leaves ovate, glaucous 5b. P. picta integra.
Flowers red or pink.
Leaves coriaceous, shiny, acute 6. P. bracteata.
Leaves thin, dull, obtuse 7. P. incarnata.
1. Pyrola minor L. Sp. PI. 1: 396. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa frigidiore."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Oregon, >iew Mexico, and New England.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 203(3: Wenache Region, Brandegee
948.J; Stevens Pa.ss, Sandberg <& Leiberg 715; Klickitat County, <5?Jebraska, and
Virginia.
Specimens examined: Island County, Henderson 2416; Whidby Island, Gardner 191;
Nisqually Valley, Allen, July 21, 1894; Wenache Region, Brandegee 948; Klickitat River,
Suksdorf 158; Mount Adams, Flett 1212; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf F>42; Blue Mountains,
Lake <& Hull 769; without locality, Vasey 367; Davis ranch, Spokane County, Kreager 207.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Transition.
5. Pyrola picta Smith, Rees' Cycl 29: n. 8. 1814.
Type locality. "Found on the west coast of North America." Collected by Menzies,
whose specimens. Hooker states, are from Nootka Sound.
Range: Vancouver Island to California, Wyoming, and Utah.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 2036; Mount Adams, Flett 1216;
Baldy Peak, Lximb 1293; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Nason Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg 620; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; without locality, Vasey
370; Seattle, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distuibution: Transition.
5a. Pyrola picta dentata (Smith).
Pyrola dentata Smith, Rees' Cycl. 29: n. 6. 1814.
Type locality: "Gathered b}' Mr. Menzies on the west coast of North America," at
Nootka, according to Don.
Range:
Specimens examined: Near Union City, Piper 935; Mount Elinor, Mason County,
Jennie V . Getty in 1902; Clallam County, Elmer; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 336.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6b. Pyrola picta Integra (A. Gray).
Pyrola dentata integra A. Gray; Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12-: 54. 1860.
Pyrola pallida Greene, Pittonia 4: 39. 1899.
Pyrola sparsifolia Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitschs. 12: 26. 1906.
Type locality: "On high wooded hills, east of Mount Adams."
Range: Washington to southern California.
Specimens examined: Simcoe Mountains, Howell 332; Mount Adams, Suk:sdorf 440;
Cascade Mountains, Cooper in 1853; Valley, Beattie c& Chapman 2277.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 435
6. Pyrola bracteata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 47. 1834.
Pymla roiumlifolia hmdeata A. Gray in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1 : 460. 1876.
Type locality: "N. W. Coast." Collected by Scolder.
R.\nge: BritLsh Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Coastitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; Skokomish River,
Henderson, June 15, 1892; Nisqually Valley, JZZen 68; Mount Rainier, Pifer 2048; Mount
Adams, Flett 1213; Falcon Valley, Svksdorf 1546 in part; Fish Lake, Chelan County,
A. D. Dunn., August 8, 1900; Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Big Meadows,
Stevens County, Kreager, August 5, 1902; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Clallam
County, Elmer 2465.
Zonal distribltion: Transition.
7. Pyrola incarnata (DC.) Fisch.; DC. Prod. 7: 773. 1839, as synonym.
Pyrola rotundifolia incarnata DC. Prod. 7: 773. 1839.
Pyrola elata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 270. 1843.
Type locality: "In Dahuria."
Range: Alaska to New England and Oregon. Asia.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 2760; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Ca.scade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Li/a// in 1859-60; 'ii&sonQTQck,SaJulherg d' Leiherg 614; Railroad
Creek, K/ner, September, 1897; Twisp River, Whited 219; Skagit Pass, Lal~e cfc //////,
August 25, 1892; Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 1.546 in part; Blue Mountains, Lake d& Hull 565;
Yakima County, Airs. Steinweg in 1894; Big Meadow, Stevens County, Kreager, August 6,
1902; Davis ranch, Kreager 182.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
One of Lyall's specimens, which has been considered to be P. elliptica Nutt., is probably
a form of P. incarnata. We have seen no satisfactory evidence that P. elliptica occurs
west of the Rocky Mountains.
MONOTROPACEAE. Indian Pipe Family.
Ovary 4 or 5-celled.
Corolla wanting; flowers spicate Allotropa.
Corolla present; flowers solitary or racemose.
Flowers solitary Monotropa.
Flowers racemose.
Corolla polypetalous, deciduous IIypopitys.
Corolla gamopetalous, persistent Ptero.spora.
Ovary 1-celled. . . .
Calyx of 4 or 5 lacerate sepals ; petals similar Pleuricospora.
Calvx of 2 entire sepals; corolla tubular Hemitomeq.
ALLOTROPA.
1. Allotropa virgata Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 6^: 80, 81. 1857.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains of northern Oregon." Collected by Pickering.
Range: Washington to California from the Cascades and Sierras to the coast.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 478; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July 27, 1892;
Lake "SS! euache , SamJherg & Leiberg 631; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2470.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
PTEROSPORA.
1. Pterospora andromedea Nutt. Gen. 1: 269. 1818.
Type locality: "In Upper Canada near the Falls of Niagara."
Range: British Columbia to Canada, southward to California and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull,
August 24, 1892; Pend Oreille River, I/yall in 1859; Loon Lake, Winston; Lake Wenache,
436 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sandberg & Leiberg 632; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey
375; Clallam County, Elmer 2462; Clarks Springs, Kreager 125.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
I
MONOTROPA.
1. Monotropa uniflora L. Sp. PI. 1: 3S7. 1753. Indian pipe.
Type locality: "Habitat in Marilandia, Yicgipia, Canada."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California and Florida. Asia.
Specimens examined: Snoqualmie, Parker, July 25, 1892; upper Nisqually River,
Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Silverton, Bouclc; west
Klickitat County, Siiksdorf 78: without locality, Vasey 376; Clallam County, Elmer 2436;
Kalispel Lake, Kreager 348.
ZoN.\L distribution: Transition and Canadian.
HYPOPITYS.
1. Hypopitys hypopitys (L.) Small, Mem. Terr. Clul). 4: 137. 1894.
MonoirojM hypopitys L. Sp. PI. 1 : 387. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Sueciae, Germaniae, Angliae, Canadae S3'lvis. Parasitica
radicum."
Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, southward to Arizona and Florida.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 238; Piper 2045; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1297;
Wilkeson, Flett 32; Cascade Mountains, SuJcsdoif 199; Cascade Mountains to Colville,
Lyall in 1860; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, October 5,11892; Mount Adams, Siiksdorf;
Yakima Pass, Watson 261a; Nason Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 623; Clallam County, Elmer
2464.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition, Canadian.
PLEURICOSPORA.
1. Pleuricospora fimbriolata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 369. 1868.
Type locality: "In or near the Mariposa Sequoia gigantea Grove," California.
Range: California to Washington.
Specimens examined: Green River Hot Springs, Piper, July, 1888; Skamania County,
Suksdorf, July 25, 1886.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
II-EMITOMI]G/V<<*^^*^^A,
1. JTv ii'iKiiiiiiMrrcongestiim A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 6^: SO. 1855.
Newberrya Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 8: 55. 1867.
Type locality: "Upper Des Chutes Valley," Oregon. Collected by Newberry.
Range: Western Washington, western Oregon, and northern California.
Specimens examined: Near Tacoma, Flett, October 2, 1897; Snoqualmie, Miss Parker,
August 1, 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 987; Seattle, Tarleton in 1894; Mount Elinor,
Jennie V. Getty, August, 1902; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 19, 1892 and 2168; with-
out locality, Geo. Gibbs; Mount Storm King, Laurence 339.
Doctor Cxray referred the Gibbs specimen to Newberrya splcata A. Gray in the original
description, but the specimen seems to us to be N . congesta.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
ERICACEAE. Heather Family.
Fruit a berry or drupe.
Calyx becoming large and fleshy; bark not red Gaultiieria (p. 441).
Calvx small; bark red.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 437
Tree; berry many-seeded Arbutus (p. 437).
Shrub; drupe 5 to lO-seeded Arctostapiiylos (p. 437).
Fniit a dry capsule.
' Anther cells each tipped with a recurved awn.
Leaves opposite ; style long, slender Cassiope (p. 438) .
Leaves alternate; style short, stout Harrimanella (p. 439).
Anther cells not appendaged.
Corolla gamopetalous.
Bracts firm, persistent; no seal}' leaf-buds.
Leaves heath-like; corolla without pouches. Piiyi.lodoce (p. 439).
Leaves lanceolate; corolla with 10 pouches,
which hold the anthers Kalmia (p. 439).
Bracts thin, deciduous; leaf -buds scaly.
Corolla funnel form, .S-lobed Rhododendron (p. 440).
Corolla globose, 4-toothed Menziesia (p. 440).
Corolla c'">oripetalous; bracts deciduous.
Flowers white, umbelled; leaves evergreen Ledum (p. 440).
Flowers coppery, solitary: leaves deciduous Cladothamnus (p. 442).
ARBUTUS.
1. Arbutus menziesii Pursh, Fl. 1: 282. 1814- Madrona.
Type Locality: "On the northwest coast of America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to Cahfornia along the coast.
Specimens examined: Mat Mats Bay, Binns; Seattle, Piper in 1888.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Not uncommon, especially on the bluffs along Puget Sound, and in similar situations
where the trees receive abundant light.
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS.
Erect shrubs 1 to 2 meters high 1- -1- tomentosa.
Prostrate creeping shrubs.
Leaves retuse at apex ^- -^- ^ii'n-nrsi.
Leaves cuspidate at apex 3- -^- nevadens-s.
1. Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Dougl. Bot. Reg. 21: /)/. 1791. 183(i.
Manzanita.
Arbutus tomentosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 282. 1814.
Type locality: "On the North-west Coast of America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: Western Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, FJeft, April 20, 1896; McNeils Island, Flett, June, 1895;
Mason County, Piper 898; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; west Klickitat
County, SuJcsdorf 985, 660; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2473; Vancouver, Piper, Septem-
ber, 1902; Vancouver, Piper 4936.
Zonal distribution: Humid transition.
Hooker a recognizes two forms of this species .4. tomentosa hispida and A. tomentosa
nuda, the former with hispid, the latter with smooth branchlets. The first form is appar-
ently typical A. tomentosa.
2. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 287. 1825. Kinnikinnick.
Arbutus uva-ursi L. Sp. PI. 1: 395. 1753.
Ti-PE locality: "Habitat in Europa frigida, Canada."
Range: Arctic regions, southward to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and California.
Europe. Asia.
aFl. Bor. Am. 2:37. 1834.
438 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Fhtt 65; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2058; Cascade ^fountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Loomis, Elmer 585
Conconully, Whited 1324; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860
Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896, May 8, 1898; Hangman Creek, Sandberg d- Leiherg 69
without locality, Cooper; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2474; Spokane, Kreager 170; near
Delight, Cotton 998.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
3. Arctostaphylos nevadensis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 27. 1878.
Type locality: "Sierra Nevada, Cahfornia. common at 8-10000 feet."
Eange: Washington to California in the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Stampede Tunnel,
Henderson, June 20, 1892; near Longmire Springs, Piper 2047: upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen nO; Mount Adams, Sulcsdorf, July 12, 1886; Mount Stuart, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 548;
west Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf, May 7. 1886: Roslvn, Whited 357; without locality, Vasey
379.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
Arctostaphylos MEDIA Greene, Pittonia 2 f 171. 1891 Type locality: " On dry gravelly
ground in Mason County," Washington. Collected by Piper. Range: Western Washing-
ton. Specimens examined: Port Orchard, Patterson; near Union City, Piper 899 (type).
This plant is unquestionably a hybrid between A. uva-ursi and .4. tomentosa. It occurs
sparingly and only where both of the parents are abundant.
CASSIOPE.
Leaves with a deep dorsal furrow 1. C. tetraqona.
Leaves not dorsalh' furrowed 2. C. mertensiana.
1. Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 158. 1834.
Andromeda tetragona L. Sp. PI. 1: 393. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiois."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Washington [Oregon?] and Hudson Bay.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Loomis, Elmer,
August, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Cassiope mertensiana (Bong.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 3: 829. 1834.
Andromeda mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VL 2: 152. 1832.
Andromeda cupressina Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 30. 1838
Type locality: Sitka, Alaska.
Range: Alaska to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2184; J.M.Grant; Cascade Mountains
to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Silverton, Bouclc 124; Mount Rainier, Flett ^QQ; Allen 202;
Piper 2053; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1109; Mount Ad&mfi, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 714; Horseshoe Basin, Lake d' Hull 563.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
Cassiope lycopodioides D. Don is included in Suksdorf's list, but the species is not
known south of Alaska.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.
HARRIMANELLA. Alaska heather.
439
1. HarrimaneUa steUeriana (Pall.) Covillo, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 3: 574. 1901.
Andrvmeda steUeviana Pall. Fl. Ross, l': 58. 1788.
Cassiope steUeriana DC. Prod. 7-: 611. 1839.
Type locality: Kamtschatka.
Ra.nge: Alaska to Mount Rainier. Siberia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 203; Flett 233; Piper 2050, August, 1895;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 686.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
PHYLLODOCE.
Corolla ovoid, yellowish 1- P- [llondnhflora.
Corolla carapanulate, red 2- ^- empetriformis.
1. Phyllodoce glandiiliflora (Hook.) Covillc, :\Iazama 1: 196. 1897.
Maiz'iesia (jlandnlijiora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: -40. 1834.
Bryanthiis (jlanduliAorus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 368. 1868.
Type locality: ""^Mountains north of Smoking River, Lat. 56°." Collected by Drum-
mond.
Range: Sitka to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Flett
299; Piper 2052; Allen, July 20, 1892; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 945: Mount Adams,
Suisdorf 434; Parry & Suksdorf, September 8, 1880; Horseshoe Basin, Lal:e & Hull,
August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 870.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2. PhyUodoce empetriformis (Smith) D. Don.Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 160. 1834.
Memiesia empetriformis Smith, Linn. Trans. 10: 380. 1811.
Bryanihus empetriformis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 367. 1868.
Ty-pe locality: "On the west coast of North Ameilca." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming and California.
Speclmens examined: Olympic Mountains, Grant 22; Silverton, BoucTc 123: Mount
Rainier, Piper 2043; Paradise Valley, Flett 298; Goat Mountains, Allen 104; Baldy Peak,
Lamh 1354; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Stevens Pass, San^berg c£- Leiberg,
August, 1893; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Fish Lake, Dunn: Loomis,
Elmer 573; Horseshoe Basin, LaJce cfc Hull 562; Nason Creek, Samlberg cC- Leiberg 668;
Entiat River, Airs. Howe; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2478.
Zonal distribution: Arctic and Hudsonian.
KALMIA.
1. Kalmia glauca Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 64. 1789.
Kalmia glauca rosmarinifolia Pursh, Fl. 1: 296. 1814.
Type locality: Newfoundland.
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to California, the Great Lakes, and New Jersey.
Specoiens examined: Seattle, Smith 135; Piper in 1885; Tacoma, Flett 27; NisquaUy
Valley, Allen 4; Ilwaco, Piper 4949.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
la. Kalmia glauca microphylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 41. 1834.
Kalmia microphylla Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 581. 1898.
Ty'pe locality: "Swamps in the Rocky Mountains." Collected l)y Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2090: Alhn 96; Stevens ^Pass, Sandberg
d- Leiberg 718; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1103; Horseshoe Basin, Lale & Hull 111.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
440 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
RHODODENDRON.
Leaves evergreen; inflorescence terminal; flowers pink I.E. caJifornicum.
Leaves deciduous; inflorescence lateral; flowers white 2. R. alhlfloruia.
1. Rhododendron californicum Hook. Bot. Mag. 11: pi. JfSGS. 1S55.
Rhododendron macro phyllum G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 3: 843. 1834.
Type locality; "From the mountains of California."
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 193; Mat Mats Bay, Binns, June 2,
1890; Goat Mountains, Allen, June, 1893; Seattle, Piper; near Union City, Piper; Clal-
lam County, Elmer 247.5.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species is closely related to the eastern R. maximum L., to which Hooker once
referred our plant.
2. Rhododendron albifloruna Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 43. 1834.
Cladothamnus campanulatus Greene, Er3'thca 3: 6.5. 1895.
Type locality: "Alpine woods of the Rocky Mts." Collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 387; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 18.59-60; Mount Rainier, Piper 2049; Allen 216, 309a; Mount Adams, Sulcs-
dor f 43o; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sarulberg <& Lei-
herg, August, 1893; head of Twisp River, Whited 209; Bridge Creek, Elmer 712; Nason
Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 663; without locality, Vasey 365; Clallam County, Elmer 2461.
Zonal disikibution: Hudsonian.
MENZIESIA.
1. Menziesia ferruginea Smith, Ic. PI. 3: ;;/. .56". 1791.
Menziesia urceolarls Salisb. Par. Lond. pi. 44. 1806.
Menziesia glabella A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: 39. 1878.
Type locality; "In Americae borealis tractu occidentali copiosissime crescit." Col-
lected by Menzies.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Montana.
Specimens examined; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2186, 218.5; J. M. Grant in 1889;
Mason County, Piper 1079; Montesano, //??/«• 3868; Hoquiam, Lam6 101.5; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Silverton, Bouck 121; Mount Rainier, Pi/^e?-, August, 1895; Nis-
qually Vallej^, AlJen 3; Mount Adams, Flett 1214; Suksdorf 587; Skamania County, Sulcs-
dorf, August 10, 1889; Stevens Pass, Sandberg d' Leiberg 727; Stampede Tunnel, Hender-
son 2418; Watson 2.54; Markham, Lamb 1115: without locality. Cooper; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 272; Ilwaco, Piper 4991.
Zonal distribution : Canadian to Hudsonian.
The characters relied upon by Doctor Gray to distinguish J/, glabella break down
completely.
LEDUM.
Leaves oval or oblong, not revolute-margined 1. L. glandulosum.
Leaves lanceolate, the margins revolute.
Rusty-tomentose beneath 2. L. groenlandicum.
Glaucous beneath 3. L. columbianum.
1. Ledum glandulosum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 270. 1843.
Ty'pe locality; " In the central chain of the Rocky Mountains on the sides of mountains
which close up Thornburg's ravine." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Loomis, Elmer 574; near Lake Chelan, Gorman .583, 768.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 441
2. Ledum groenlandicum Oeder, Fl. Dan. 4: pi. 567. 1770. Labrador tea.
Ledum latifolinm Jacq. Coll. 2: 308. 178S.
Type locality: "In Groenlandia."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, southward to New Jersey, Wisconsin, and Oregon.
Specimens ex.vmined: Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Fairhaven, Suhsdorf m6; Admi-
ralty Head, 0. Piper, May, 1898; Whidby Island, Gardner 194; Seattle, Piper 137; Tacoma,
Fleft 219.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Ledum colum.bianum. sp. nov.
Erect with erect branches, 60 to 90 cm. high; bark becoming smooth and brown; leaves
oblong, reticulate, 4 to 6 cm. long, rather obtuse but apiculate, strongly revolute, dark green
and gkbrous above, whitish and resinous-dotted beneath, the midrib and short petiole
minutely puberulent as well; corymbs terminal, convex, 3 to 5 cm. broad; pedicels slender,
puberulent and resinous-dotted, recurved in fruit, 1.5 to 3 cm. long; lobes of the calyx very
small, broadly rounded; petals white, oval, 5 to 6 mm. long, obtuse; stamens 5 to 7, the
filaments sparsely hirsute at base; ovary minutely canescent and resinoas-dotted ; capsules
oblong, acutish.
Collected by the writer in a sphagnum bog at Ilwaco, Pacific County, June 22, 1904 (no.
6451) . The type is deposited in the U. S. National Herbarium. Also collected at Clatsop,
Oreg., by Coville, September, 1, 1898 (no. 869).
- This species is nearest related to L. groenlandicum, from which it may at once be distin-
guished by the absence of the tomentose pubescence. In this respect it resembles L. glan-
dulosum alone, but the capsule characters are those of the former species. Its zonal
position is apparently Humid Transition.
GAULTHERIA.
Corolla urceolate, filaments hairy; shrub 1 to 2 meters high. 1. ^. sJiallon.
Corolla campanulate; filaments glabrous: shrubs 5 to 20 cm. high.
Leaves ovate or subcordate, 2 to 4 cm. long 2. t?. ovatifolia.
Leaves oval, about 1 cm. long ^. G.Tiumifusa.
1. Gaultheria shaUo.^ Pursh, Fl. 1: 283. 1814. Salal.
Type locality: "On the falls of the Columbia [i. e. Celilo] and near the Western Ocean"
[mouth of Columbia]. Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columbia to Central California west of the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3870; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lijall;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 102; Yakima Pass, Watson 251; Skamania County, Suksdorf
1540; without 'locality, Fase;/ 381; without locality. Cooper; Olympic Mountains, Elmer
2477; Seattle, Piper.
Zonal dlstribution: Humid Transition.
2. Gaultheria ovatifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 85. 1883.
Type locality: "Wooded banks of streams and canons of the Cascade ^Mountains,
borders of British Columbia, Washington Territory, and N. Oregon."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and North Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2187; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Ni'squally Valley, Allen 101a; Alount Rainier, Piper 2055; Flett
2.5o'- Mount Adams, 5uJi:.s(Zor/ 154; Stampede Tunnel, i?em/er.son, June 25, October 4, 1892;
Yakima Pass, WaUon 252; Goose Lake, Flett 1218; Pend Oreille River, Lyall m I860:
without locality, Vasey 380; Box Canyon, Pend Oreille River, Kreayer 398.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
3. Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 300. 1900.
Vaccinium humifusum Graham, Edinb. N, Phil. Journ. 1831 (Apr.-Oct.): 193. 1831.
Gaultheria myrsinite.s Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 35. t. 129. 18.34.
442 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: Type raised from seed collected by Drummond in the Rocky Mountains
of British America.
Range: British ColumlMa to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2044; Mount Adams, SuJcsdorf 153;
Kittitas County, Sandherg r 1730; Elmer I7i; Toppenish, Co«07i 1137.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Dodecatheon puberulum. (Nutt.)
Dodecatheon meadia puherida Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phiia. 7: 48. 1834.
Dodecatheon cusicTcii Greene, Pittonia 2: 73. 1890.
Dodecatheon puberulentum Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 311. 1897.
Type locality: "Near the borders of Flathead river."'
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Rock Lake, Sandherg d' Leiberg, May, 1893; Pasco, Flindshaw 5;
Spangle, Piper, May 24, 1898; Spokane, Nelson 2880; Piper, May 16, 1896; Waitsburg,
Horner 117; Kamiak Butte, Moore, June 4, 1893: Pullman, Piper 1814^ 1730; Elmer 174;
Almota, Piper 1793; White Salmon, S ul- sdorf 280; Wenache, Whited 1018; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 357.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
The types of meadia puberula and puberulentum are identical, the whole plant excepting
the blades being puberulent. The type of cusicJcii has the whole herbage puberulent, but
otherwise is the same. Both forms occur together and thus the difference seems of no value.
3. Dodecatheon dentatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838.
Dodecatheon meadia latilobum A. Gray, S3'n. Fl. 2^: 58. 1878.
Type locality: "N. W. interior." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Utah.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, EZmer 438; Brandegee 956; Cascade Moun-
taias, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Icicle Creek, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 558; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4974.
446 CONTRIBUTIOXS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Dodecatheon campestre Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 432. 1901.
% Dodecatheon mtegrifoUum minus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838.
Type locality: " In prairies on the Klickitat Hills, Klickitat Co., Washington."
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suhsdorf 290; Fort Colville, Lyall;
plains of the Columbia River, Nuttall.
This is the species to which Nuttall first applied the herbarium name of ellipticum, but in
describing what he thought to be Nuttall's Z>. ellipticum, Durand really described the plant
later named D. patulum Greene.
5. Dodecatheon tetrandrum Suksdorf, Erythea 3: 40. 1895.
Type locality-: Chiquash Mountains, Washington.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Chiquash Mountains, Sulcsdorf 998: Mount Adams, Suksdorf
August 7, 1885; Skamania County, August 11, 1886, Sulcsdorf.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
6. Dodecatheon viscidum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 43. 1901.
Type locality: "Ten miles west of Spangle," Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Spangle, Piper 3542; ten miles west of Spangle, Piper 2832.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Dodecatheon latifohum (Hook.)
Dodecatheon integrfolium latifolium Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838.
Dodecatheon hendersoni A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 2: 232. 1886.
Type locality: "Dry banks about Fort Vancouver on the Columbia."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, G^artZner 200; Tacoma, F/ett 91.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
8. Dodecatheon conjugens Greene, Erythea 3: 40. 1895.
Type locality: "On dry hills near Helena, Montana."
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, Sulcsdorf 289; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
160; Ellensburg, Whited 280; Waitsburg, Horner 116; Pullman, Piper 2017; Moore 1731;
Elmer 175; Klickitat Hills, Howell 1942; Gorman, April, 1895.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
8a. Dodecatheon conjugens leptophyllum (Suksdorf).
Dodecatheon hendersoni leptophyllum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900.
Type locality: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2202; near Mount Adams, Flett 1210;
Okanogan County, Whited .57.
9. Dodecatheon Jeffrey! Van Houtte, Fl. de Serres 16: 99. 1865.
Dodecatheon viviparuni Greene, Erythea 3: 38. 1895.
Dodecatheon crenatum Greene, Pittonia 2: 74. 1890.
Type locality: "Montagne.s-Rocheuses."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2223; Mount Rainier, G^reeTie in 1890,
Piper 2102; Baldy Peak, Lamb 13.57; Skagit Pass, Lake cfc HuR 455; Stevens Pass, Sand-
herg ci' Leiherg 713.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 447
The illustration in the Flora de Serres seems to be exactlj- the plant common in the Bitter-
root Mountains, of Idaho, so far as one may judge from the flowering plant alone. The
Cascade Mountains plant {D. viviparum) difl'ers only in having the leaves obscurely crenate
instead of entire or denticulate. The capsule characters are the same in both
DOXJGLASIA.
Leaves canescent with forked hairs I. D. dentata.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so 2. Z). laevigata-
1. Douglasia dentata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 37.5. 1882.
DowjUisla niralis dentata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2 ': 399. 1886.
Amlrosace dieckiana Haussk. Mitt, des Bot. Ver. fiir gesammt-Thuringen 1890 : 22. 1890.
Type locality: "On a dry ridge above Peshastin Canon,"' Washington. Collected by
Watson.
Range: In the Wenache region, Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1230; Sandberg d' Leiberg 545; Wenache
Mountains, Whited in 1896; Wenache Region, Brandegee 952; Yakima Region, Brandegee;
Peshastin Canyon, Vt'atson 264; Kittitas County, Henderson 2365; Clealum, Henderson in
1892; without locality, T'asc)/ in 1889.
2. Douglasia laevigata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 105. 1880.
Type locality: Mount Hood, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895: Flett 804; Henderson
July, 1890, 2366; J. M. Grant in 1889: Elmer 2801; Goat Mountains, Allen 187.
Zonal distribi'tion: Hudsonian.
Docglasia nivalis Lindl., listed by Suksdorf, is not known west of the Rocky Mountains.
GLAUX.
1. Glaux maritima L. Sp. PI. 1: 207. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Sea coasts, California to Alaska and ^ew England to Greenland. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Westport, Henderson, June 25, 1892; Whidby Island, Gardner
199; Seattle, Piper; Whatcom County, Suhsdorf 989; without locality, Cooper.
The last three specimens are referable to G. marih'ma obtusifolia Fernald,a differing from
the species in its more erect habit, simple or sparingly branched stems, and broader leaves.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
CENTUNCULUS.
1. Centunculus minimus L. Sp. PI. 1: 116. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Italiae, Galliac, Scaniae arenosis."
Range: Washington to Illinois, south to Florida and Texas. South America. Europe.
Speclmens examined: Falcon Valley, Sul'sdoif, June, 1880: Spokane, Piper 2765;
Silver Lake, Henderson, July 13, 1892; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 322.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
TRIENTALIS. Star flower.
Leaves crowded near the summit of the stem \. T. latifoha.
Leaves scattered along the stem ; bog plant 2. T. arctica.
1. Trientalis latifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1838.
Trientalis europaea latifoUa Torr. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 118. 1860.
aRhodora4: 215. 1902.
448 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: "About Fort Vancouver. Wallawallali River." Collected by Tolniie.
R.4NGE: Vancouver Island to North California and the Blue Mountains.
Specimens examined: Montesano, T/fZZfr 3880: Hoquiani, Lam6 1051 ; San Juan Island,
Lydl in 1859: Seattle, Pi-per 1.50: Tacoma, Flett 11: Olympia, Henderson, May 25, 1892;
Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 10, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 22; Silverton,
Bouck 137; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiherg 650; lower Cascade Mountains, Sulcsdorf,
May 30, 1886; Roslyn, Whited 412; Nason City, Sandberg <& Leiberg, August, 1893: Blue
Mountains, Horner 52; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
In Cooper's Report a this plant was referred to as T. ewopaea.
2. Trientalis arctica Fisch.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1838.
Trientalis europea arctica Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 25. 1847.
Type locality: "Western shore and islands, from Sandy Bay, in Clarence Straits, to
Unalaschka."
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2799: Whidby Island, Gardner 198;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1859; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 20; Tacoma, Flett 317; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1528; Ilwaco,
Henderson; Piper 5022: Stevens Fass, Sandberg d: Leiberg 733; Blue Mountains, Piper,
July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
STEIRONEMA.
1. Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf. Ann. Gen. Plus. 7: 192. 1820.
Lysimachia ciliata L. Sp. PI. 1: 147. 1753.
Type locality: Habitat in Virginia, Canada.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Mexico and Georgia.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1424; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859;
White Salmon, Suksdorf 443: along Methow River, Whited 177 ; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull
456: Pend Oreille River, Kreager, August, 1£02; Clarks Springs, Kreager 131; Spokane,
Kreager 546; Piper, September, 1896: Henderson, July 9, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1729;
without locality, Vasey in 1889: Mabton, Cotton 751.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
NAUMBURGIA.
1. Naumburgia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby in DC. Prod. 8: 60. 1844.
Nauinburgia guttatta Moench, Meth. Suppl. 23. 1802.
Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. Sp. PI. 1: 147. 1753.
Type locality: Europe.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49'^, Lyall in 1859; Whatcom
County, Gardner 407; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 442; Toppenish, Henderson 2425; junction
Crab and Wilson Creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiheig 250; Rock Lake, Lake <& Hull 685.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
Primula horne.manman.\ Lehni. is said to have been collected at Fort ^'ancouver by
Gairy. b This is evidently an error, as the species is not known to occur west of the Rocky
Mountains.
a Page 66. bHook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1832.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 449
PLUMBAGINACEAE.
STATICE.
1. Statice armeria L. Sp. PI. 1: 274. 1753. Thrift.
Arnieria vulgaris Willd. Enum. 333. 1809.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae Americae septentrionalis campis."
Range: Subarctic regions, south to California and Labrador. South America. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 196; Olynipia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896;
Roy, Allen, May 13, 1889: Yelm Prairie, Piper; Stuart Island, Laurence 201 : Port Crescent,
Lawrence 260.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
OLEACEAE.
FRAXINUS.
1. Fraxinus oregana Xutt. Sylva 3: 59. pi. 99. 1849. Oregon Asn.
Fraxinus oregana riparia Nutt. loc. cit.
Type locality: "In the Oregon territory." "We never saw it above the first falls of
the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California, in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, June, 1892; Satsop, Heller 4024: White Salmon
Snl-sdorf445.
A common tree in the river valleys of western Washington.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
GENTIANACEAE. Gextiax Fa^iily.
Style filiform, usually deciduous; antliers oblong to linear, mostly
twisting or curving with age Centaurion (p. 449).
Style stout and persistent or none; anthers remaining straight.
Corolla funnelforni or bell-shaped, without glands Gentiana (p. 4.50).
Corolla rotate, with a fringed glandular spot on each lobe Frasera (p. 451).
CENTAURION.
Basal leaves in a rosette ; introduced I. C. ceniaurium.
Basal leaves not in rosettes.
Pedicels slender, much longer than the flowers 2. C. exaltata.
Pedicels mostly shorter than the flowers 3. C. muehlenbergii.
1. Centaurion centaurium (L.) W. F. Wight.
Gentiana centaurium L. Sp. PI. 1: 229. 1753.
Erythraea centaurium Pers. Syn. 1: 283. 1805.
Type locality: Europe.
Specimens examined: Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Yesler, Hindshaw, July, 1897.
2. Centaurion exaltatuna (Griseb.) W. F. Wight.
Cicendia exaltata Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 69. 1838.
Erythraea douglasii A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1; 480. 1876.
Erythraea exaltata Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 150. 1893.
Type locality: "Between the Kettle Falls, and 'Narrows' of the Columbia River."
Collected bj' Douglas.
Range. Eastern Washington to California and Utah.
29418—06 M 29
450 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Che]an, Elmer 497, Walla Walla Region, 5ra«(^e^ee 957; Prosser,
Cotton 658; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 665.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Centaurion muehlenbergii (Griseb.) W. F. Wight.
Erythraea muehlenhergii Griseb. Gen. & Sp. Gent. 146. 1839.
Erythraea curvisfaminea yVittrock, Erythr. Exsicc. 2: 21. 1885.
Type locality: "California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 2649, 1622; Henderson 2272; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf, August 4, 1893.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
GENTIANA. Gentian.
Annual ; corolla without appendages in the sinuses \. G. acuta.
Perennial; corolla with appendages in the sinuses.
Uppermost pair of leaves forming an involucre about the 1 to 3 flowers. 2. C calycosa.
Uppermost leaves not involucrate.
Corolla appendages entire 3. G. sceptrum.
Corolla appendages laciniately cleft.
Calyx lobes oblong to ovate-lanceolate 4. 6^. oregana.
Calyx lobes linear to narrowly lanceolate 5. G. affinis.
1. Gentiana acuta Michx. Fl. 1: 177. 1803.
Genliana ainaitlla acuta Herder, Act. Hort. Petrop. 1: 428. 1872.
Gentiana anisosepala Greene, Pittonia 3: 309. 1898.
Amarella anisosepala Greene, Leaflets 1: 53. 1904.
Amarella macounii Greene, op. cit. 54.
Type locality: "In altis montibus Carolinae et in Canada, prope Tadoussack."
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Maine, Minnesota, New Mexico, and California.
Specimens examined: Padden Lake, SuJcsdorf 990; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in
1859; Whidby Island, Gardner 202; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2111; East Sound, Henderson,
July 3, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Gentiana calycosa Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 58. 1. 146. 1838.
Gentiana calycosa stricta Griseb. loc. cit.
Gentiana gormani Plowell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 446. 1901.
Type locality: "Mt. Rainier," Washington. Collected by Tolmie.
Range: British Columbia to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2224; Elmer 2727; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2113; .4//en93; Baldy Peak, Olympic Mountains, Lamh 1332; Mount Adams, Hen-
derson 33 and August 8, 1892; Suksdorf in 1878; Bridge Creek, Elmer 714; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake d- Hull 551; Gorman Ibl (type collection of Gentiana gormani Howell).
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
In Lyall's report this species was confused with the Rocky Mountains G. parryi Engelm.
3. Gentiana sceptrum Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 57. 1838.
Type locality: "Plentiful in low moist soil near Fort Vancouver," Washington.
Collected by Douglas.
Range. British Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Chambers Lake, Henderson, August 23, 1892; between Union
City and Shelton, Piper in 1890, Segualiche Lake, Piper in 1887; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie;
llwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 451
4. Gentiana oregana Eiigelm.; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2": 122. 1878.
Oenfiana qtfinis ovata A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 483. 1876, not G. omta F. G. Dictr.Vollst.
Loxik. Gaertii. Nachtr. 3: 458. 1815-21.
Type locality: " From neai San Francisco." Collected by BolandtM-.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Speclmen-s examined: Fish Lake, Z>(mD, August 8, 1900; Pend Oreille River, L;/a// in
1861; Spokane County, Suksdorf 937; Cheney, Mrs. Susan Tucker in 1890; Pullman,
Piper 1623; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Davis Ranch, Spokane County, Kreacjer
304 ; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 564.
Zonal dlstribution: Arid Transition.
5. Gentiana aflB.nis Grisel). in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 56. 1838.
Type locality; "Carlton House to Edmonton House." Collected by Drummond.
Range; British Columbia to Minnesota, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Parrotts Post-office, //((// 552; Spokane County, .S'f/^-.sWo// 938;
Mission, Kreager 489.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transiton.
"Abundant in mountain valleys, between Spokane and Kettle Falk, in alluvial deposits."
Douglas, according to Hooker.
Gentiana douglasiana patens Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 60. 1838. Near Fort
Vancouver, Garry, according to Hooker. If the plant really occurs in Washington it has
not at any rate been seen since. It has been collected at Port Renfrew, Vancouver
Island, by Rosendahl & Brand.
FRASERA.
Plants 1 to 2 meters tall; leaves marginless.
Corolla blue-purple, a single gland on each lobe 1. F. fastigiala.
Corolla greenish, two glands on each lobe '2. F. speciosa.
Plants about h meter tall; leaves with firm white margins.
Whole plant finely pubescent 3. F. ulliicauUs.
Whole plant glabrous 4. F. n itida.
1. Frasera fastigiata (Pursh) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 312. 1897.
StrcrtUifa.stujiatal\ivsh,Fl 1: 101. 1814.
Frasera thyrsijfora Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 3: 288. 1851.
Frasera carolinensis Walt. err. det. Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: (M\. 1838.
Type locality: "On the Missouri Flats near the Rocky Mountains." Collected by
Lewis; The Lewis specimen in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Science is
ticketed; "In moist places on the Squamash Flats," that is, Weippe, Idaho. The plant
does not occur on the Missouri, Pursh's note being doubtless an error.
Range: Northern Idaho and adjacent Washington.
Specimens examined; Spokane County, Suksdorf 93t); Henderson 2211; Rockford,
Piper: Palouse, Henderson, Ju\y 15, 1892; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 802; Piper, July 20, 1899.
According to Hooker also collected by Douglas, in "mountain valleys, Spokane and
Kettle Falls."
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition and Canadian.
This species is really an inhabitant of rather dry pine woods. At "Quamash Flats"
the plant occurs only at the very margins of the moist meadows, but it is abundant in
the pine woods adjoining.
2. Frasera speciosa Dough; Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Aul 2: 66, t. 153. 1838
Type locality; "On the low hills near Spokan and Salmon Rivers and subalpine parts
of the Blue Mountains, near the Kooskooka River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: East Washington to Wyoming, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Upper N aches River, Herulerson, June, 1892.
452 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Frasera albicaulis Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: G7. 1838.
Type locality: "In the mountain vallies between Spokan and Kettle Falls," Wash-
ington. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Oregon and eastern Washington to western Montana.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, P\pe.r 2695; between Coulee City and Waterville,
Spillman, May, 1896; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 186; Sprague, Sandberg cfc Leiberg,
June, 1893; Ilenderson, July 9, 1892; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Henderson, May 30,
1892; Spokane County, Sul-s(Zor/ 389; Spangle, Piper 3035; Pullman, Elmer 823; Hull,
June, 1892; Piper \6\9: without locality, Fose;/ 426.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Frasera nitida Bcnth. PI. Hartw. 322. 1849.
Type locality: '' In montibus Sacramento," California. Collected by Hartweg.
Range: California to Klickitat County, Washington.
Specimens e.xamined: Klickitat County, f23U; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 163; Tampico, Flett 1030;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 308; Spokane, Piper 2291 ; Henderson 2404; Hangman Creek,
Sandherg cfc Leiberg 25; Spangle, Piper 3547; Pullman, Hull, April 12, 1892; Piper 1518;
Coulee City, Piper 3851.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7a. Gilia humilis glabella (Greene).
Microsteris glabella Greene, Pittonia 3: 301. 1898.
Gilia gracilis glabella Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900.
Type locality: Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, »S!/ts(7o// 2206.
8. Gilia nuttaUii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 267. 1870.
Type locality: "Rocky ^fountains of Colorado and Utah to the Sierra Nevada in
California."
462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Washington to Colorado, Arizona, and Southern California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Smith 882; Fleft 240; Goat Mountains, AlUn 119;
mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 964; Blue Mountains, Piper 2419.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
9. Gilia congesta Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 75. 1838.
Type locality: "Sandy plains of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Wyoming to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Upper Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 436.
This specimen has narrow mostly entire leaves, approaching in character G. congesta
crehrifolia.
10. Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 1: 626. 1825.
Cantua aggregata Pursh, Fl. 1: 147. 1814.
Gilia pulchelia Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 74. 1838.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Mississippi, M. Lewis;" but the specimens were
reallv collected on "Hungrj^ Creek" [Lolo Creek], in Western Idaho.
Range: Washington to California, Texas, and Nebraska.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 151; North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892;
Lecl-enhy, May, 1898; Watt, August, 1895; Tieton River, Cotton 441; Fish Lake, Dunn,
August, 1900; Klickitat River, Flett 1221; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 474; eastern
Washington, Wilcox in 1883; locality unknown, Vasey 408; Pullman, Piper 1519; Blue
Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Clarks Springs, Kreager 91 ; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton
313.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
11. Gilia filifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 156. 1847.
Type locality: "Near Santa Barbara, Upper California."
Range: Eastern Washington to Southern California.
Specimens examined: Pasco, Piper, May 26, 1899; Elmer 1059; Moses Coulee, Lalce dc
Hull 590; Crab and Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 246; north of Bickleton, Sulsdorf
393; Yakima Region, Brandegee 966; Moses Lake, Cotton 614.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This species has frequently been mistaken for the closely allied G. foccosa.
12. Gilia capitata Hook. Bot. Mag. 53: pi. 209S. 1826.
Type locality: "From the northwest coast of America," specifically " in the vicinity
of Fort Vancouver," Washington. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Port Townsend, Edwards 20; Whidby Island, Gardner 205;
Tacoma, Flett 79; Olympia, Heller 4040; Skamania County, Flett 1224; White Salmon,
Suksdorf 451; Wawawai, Piper 3530; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Cape Horn, Piper 4908.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
13. Gilia achilleaefolia Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under pi. 1G22. 1833.
Type locality: "California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Wa.shington to California.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, 5 utsc/or/" 1998; Port Ludlow, Binns,3\.me 30,
1890; Olympia, Henderson 2401.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
14. Gilia minutiflora Bcnth. in DC. Prod. 9: 315. 1845.
Type locality: " In America boreali occidentali." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington to Oregon and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Wennche, Elmer 481; Whited in 1895; Wenache Flat, Whited
1158, 1289; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Piper 1818; Henderson in 1892; Kiona,
Piper 2755; Pasco, Piper, July 11, 1897; Wilson Creek, Lake c& Hull 670: Crab and Wilson
PIPEll FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 463
creeks, Sandberg d- Leiberg 270; locality unknown, ]'asey 400; north of Bickhton, Suksdorf
396; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 967; Prosser, Cotton 813.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
15. Gilia capillaris Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5: 46. 1873.
Type locality: "Cisco, Sierra Nevada Mountains," California.
Range: Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California.
Specimens ex.\mined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1226: Sinicoe Mountains, 5?/tsrZo//395, 1515.
This species was mistaken by Suksdorf for G. Jiliforinis Parry and under that name
included in his list.
16. Gilia leptomeria A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 278. 1870.
Type locality: "Mountain valleys of Nevada and Utah." Collected by Wat.son.
Range: Eastern Washington to Nevada.
Specimens ex.a.mined: Morgan's Ferry, Sulcsdorf 39-i: Pasco, Piper 2984,2751; Hind-
shaw 27; mouth of Alder Creek, Howell 909; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &
Leiberg 301; Sunnyside, Colton 315.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
17. Gilia inconspicua (Smith) Dougl. ; Hook. Bot. Mag. jyl. 2SS3. 1829.
Iponiopsis inconspicua Smith, Exot. Fl. 1: pi. 14- 1804.
Cantua parviflora Pursh, Fl. 2: 730. 1814.
Gilia parviflora Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 626. 1825.
Type locality: Supposed by Smith to be from North America.
Range: British Columbia to Texas and California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Hemierson, ilay 25, 1892;
Pasco, Piper 2978: Hindshaw 22; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg
261; Walla Walla, Lgall in 1860; Prosser, Cotton 591.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
NAVARRETIA.
Leaves simply pinnatifid 1. .V. divaricata.
Leaves bipinnatifid.
Herbage glandular-viscid, malodorous 2. A', squarrosa.
Herbage not glandular nor malodorous.
Stems glabrate; calyx tube nearly glabrous: ovules 1 to 3 in
each cell 5. .V. minima.
Stems not glabrate.
Ovules 3 or 4 in each cell; stems pubescent; calyx tube
and base of bracts very villous 3. A', intertexta.
Ovules solitary in each cell; stems puberulent; calyx
tube and bracts sparsely villous 4. A\ klickitatensis.
1. Navarretia divaricata (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 136. 1887.
Gilia divaricata Torr.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 270. 1870.
Type locality: "Along the foothills of the Sierra Nevada," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon XaWey, Suksdoif, July, 1881.
2. Navarretia squarrosa (Esch.) Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 368. 1840. Skunk-weed.
Gilia squarrosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 151. 1833.
Hoitzia squarrosa Esch. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 10: 283. 1826.
Gilia pungens Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 57: pi. 2977. 18.30.
Type locality: "In Novae Californiae arenosis."
Range: Washington to California.
464 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 204; Lake Washington, Sulsdorf 992;
Fairhaven, Suksdorf 993; Tacoma, F/e// 909, 199; Touchet River, ZZomer 582; Clallam
County, Elmer 2818.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Navarretia intertexta (Benth.) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 75. 1838.
Aegochloa intertexta Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under fl. 1622. 1833.
Gilia intertexta Steud. Norn. ed. 2. 1: 683. 1840.
Type locality: "California and North West America."
Range: British Columbia to California, eastward to the Rocky Mountains.
Specimens examined: Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; EUensburg, F7ii;e 535; Klickitat
County, Sulsd'jrf 44; Klickitat River, Flett 1222; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892;
Sandberg, Heller, & McDongal 904; Dewart; Tukanon River, Lake (k Hull 591; Pullman,
Piper 1520; Davis Ranch, AT reagrer 178; Washtucna, Coi!/on 617; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 663.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
4. Navarretia klickitatensis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133. 1900.
Gilia MicUtatensis Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 43. 1901.
Type locality: Klickitat County, near the mouth of Klickitat River, Washington.
Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Si/A-srZor/ 991.
5. Navarretia minima (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 269. 1870.
Gilia minima Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 160. 1847.
Navarretia suksdorjiii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 457. 1901.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon, near Walla Walla." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: W^ashington to Dakota, Colorado, and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Sulsdorf, iin\y , 1881.
COLLOMIA.
Leaves entire.
Flowers solitary-axillary A. C. ienella.
Flowers in clusters.
Corolla salmon-color, 2 to 3 cm. long 1. C. grandiflora.
Corolla pink, 1 cm. long.
Calyx lobes acute; clusters many-flowered 2. C. linearis.
Calyx lobes aristate; clusters few-flowered 3. C. aristella.
Leaves more or less dissected.
Annual ; leaves pinnate 5. C. heterophylh.
Perennial ; leaves palmate 6. C. debilis.
1. CoUomia grandiflora Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1174, 1828.
Gilia grandiflora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 223. 1882.
Type locality: " In the northwest of North America in all the country bordering on the
Columbia, as far eastward as the valle\-s of the Rocky Mts., but not beyond that great
dividing ridge." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho, Nevada, and California.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; Tieton River, Cotton 447; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf 162; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 157; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 592;
Wawawai, Elmer 780; Clarks Springs, Kreager 112.
Cotton 702 from the Rattlesnake Mountains and a specimen collected by Vasey in 1889
represent a low spreading plant with broader leaves and bracts, probably a new subspecies.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 465
la. Collomia grandiflora diffusa (Mullord).
Gilia grandiflora diffusa Mulford, Bot. Gaz. 19:120. 1894.
Type locality: "Foothills about Boise City, Idaho." Collected l)y Miss Mulford.
Range: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1124; Leavenworth, Whitcd 240; North
Yakima, Watt in 1895; Mrs. Steimveg in 1894; Rock Island, Sarulherg & Leiberg 451 ; west
Klickitat County, SuksdoJif 161; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Colfax, Hardvnck;
Pullman, Piper 1514.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Arid Trau.sition.
2. CoUomia linearis Nutt. Gen. 1: 126. 1818.
Gilia linearis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 223. 18S2.
Type locality: "Near the banks of the Missouri about the confluence of Sliian River,
and in the vicinity of the Arikaree village."
Range: Manitoba to British Columbia, south to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 82, 1045; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28,
1892; Klickitat River, Flett 12:21 ; White Salmon, Sulcsdorf UQ\ Tampico, Flett 1220;
Alniota Canyon, Hull 671; Wawawai, Lake 587; Snake River, Hunter 26; Pullman, Piper
1515 and July 21, 1893; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 19; Clallam County,
Elmer 2822; Conconully, Griffiths cfc Cotton 308: Coulee City, Piper 3849.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Collomia aristella (A. Gray) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Ciard. 1: 318. 1900.
Gilia aristella A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 408. 1886.
Type locality: "Northern part of California." Collected by Greene.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1238; Klickitat River, near Mount Adams,
Suksdrnf 590; Flett 1228.
4. CoUomia tenella A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 259. 1870.
Gilia leptotes A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 223. 1882.
Type locality: "Parley's Peak, Utah." Collected by Watson.
Range: Washington to Nevada and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, iS'onfZ^/e/Y/ tO Le«7«'rj/ 350; Wenaciie, Whited2&15.
5. Collomia heterophylla Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pi. 2805. 1829.
Gilia heterophylla Dougl. Bot. Mag. 56: imder pi. 2895. 1829, as synonym.
Type locality: "About Fort Vancouver," Washington. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Vancouver Island to California.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Bouck 151; Seattle, Piper, July 14, 1895; Tacoma,
Flett 10; Nisqually Valley, Allen 65; Montesano, Heller 4057; Port Ludlow, Binns;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall; Fort Vancouver, Scouler; Mount Rainier, Flett 2120; Charleston,
Piper, July 21, 1895; without locality, Cooper; Clallam County, Elmer 2821.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. CoUomia debilis (S. Wats.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 127. 1887.
Gilia debdis S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 302. 1873.
Gilia larseni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 146. 1878.
Type locality: "Utah." Collected by Wheeler.
Range: Washington to Montana, California, and Utah.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Pipe/- 456; Flett 30; Mount Stnavt , Brandegee
968; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 450; Flett 1223; Henderson, August 9, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
29418—00 M 30
466 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
POLEMONIUM.
Annual; corolla white, nearly rotate 1. P. rnicranthum.
Perennials; corolla blue, campanulate.
Stems erect, 60 to 90 cm. tall.
Leaflets oblong-ovate 2. P. coeruleum.
Leaflets linear 3. P. pedmatum..
Stems low, 5 to 30 cm. high.
Densely cespitose, 5 to 10 cm. high.
Viscid-glandular throughout; flowers violet with
yellow eye 4. P. elecjans.
Less viscid, sparsely pilose throughout; flowers
white or pale blue 5. P. viacosuin pilosum.
Loosely cespitose, 15 to 30 cm. high, scarcely glandular.
Leaflets oval or oblong, less than 1 cm. long 6. P. humile.
Leaflets lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long 7. P. ainoenum.
1. Polemonium rnicranthum Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 318. 1845.
Type locality: "Ad flum. Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1025, 20; North Yakima, Henderson, May 25,
1892; Sunuyside, Cotton 322; Coupeville, Gardner 209; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861;
Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Hangman Creek, Sandherg <& Leiherg 13; Pullman, Piper;
Hull 589; Wawawai, Piper 1521; Walla Walla, Brandcgee 972.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
2. Polemonium coeruleum L. Sp. PI. 1: 162. 1753.
Polemonium occidentale Greene, Pittonia 2: 75. 1890.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae, Asiae, Americae septentrionalibus.
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Marshall Junction,
Piper 2251.
The P.foliosissimum'i of Suksdorf's list is based on a specimen similar to Piper 2251
and from the same region. The specimens from Mount Adams are not quite identical
with those from Marshall Junction, and further material may show them to be distinct.
Professor Greene maintains that the so-called P. coervleum of the Pacific coast difl'crs
from the European plant in having horizontal rootstocks. Unfortunately too few of the
specimens have the underground parts preserved to judge this character fairly.
*
3. Polemonium pectinatum Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 10. 1884.
Type locality: "In the eastern part of Washington Territory." Collected by Hilgard.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Rock Lake, Sandherg & Leiherg 105; Spokane County, Mrs.
Susan Tucker in 1892; eastern Washington, Hilgard in 1882; without locality, Wilkes
Expedition.
4. Polemonium elegans Greene, Pittonia 3: 305. 1898 (April 8).
Polemonium hicolor Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 262. 1898 (April 15).
Type locality: "In volcanic sand at 9000 feet altitude on Mt. Rainier, Washington."
Collected by Piper.
Range: Cascade Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2129; Smith 780; Allen 62, 294; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 79; HouvW In 1882; Henderson 2411; Flett 1243.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF AVASJTINGTON. 4-07
5. Polemordvun viscosunx pilosuni Greennian, Bot. Gaz. 25: 263. 1S98
Type locality: "In clefts of rock on Goat Mountain, Washington, altitude 1540 m."
Collected by Allen.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Goat Mountain near Mount Rainier, Allen 2G1.
6. Polemoniuin humile Roera. & Schult. Syst. 4: 792. 1819.
Folemonium pulchellum Bunge; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 233. 1829.
Polemonium humile pulchellum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-': 150. 1884.
Ty'pe locality: "In Siberiae orientalis maritimis arenosis."
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado. Siberia.
Specimens examined; Nason Creek, Sandberg <& Leiberg 080; Wenaclie Mountains,
W lilted, August 13, 1896; Elmer 456; Wenache Region, Brandegee 970; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2107; Allen 262; Smith 779; Klickitat River, Flett 1244; Cascade Mountains to
ColviUe, latitude 49°, Lrjall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper 2326; locality unknown,
Vasey 410; Clallam County, Elmer 2819.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
7. Polemonium amoenum Piper, Eiythea 7: 174. 1899.
Type locality: "llumptulips, Chehalis County, Wash." Collected by F. 11. Lamb.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: llumptulips, Lamb 1178; llimiptuli[)s Prairie, Canard 98.
HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Watkkleaf Family.
Lea\es all basal : peduiu-les 1-flowered Capnohea (p. 467).
Leaves not all basal.
Styles entire Romanzofeia (p. 468).
Styles 2-cleft.
Corolla convolute in bud; placentae liroad.
Perennials; stamens exserted IIydrophyllum (p. 468).
Annuals; stamens included Nemophila (p. 469).
Corolla imbricated in bud; placentae narrow.
Flowers in a scorpioid cyme Piiacelia (p. 470).
Flowers solitary in the leaf}^ forks of the stem Conanthus (p. 472).
CAPNOBEA.
Corolla campanulate \. C. lasianilia.
Corolla saucer-shape.
Leaves glabrous, exi ept on the margins.
Calyx lobes very unequal. 2. ('.jidenita.
Calyx lobes subequal 3. C painUd.
Leaves pubescent beneath.
Pubescence appressed 4. V. villosiild.
Pubescence not appressed 5. 6'. hirtella.
1. Capnorea lasiantha Greene, Pittonia 5: 47. 1902.
Oapnorca macitenta Greene, op. cit. 48.
Type locality: Eastern Washington, without station. Collected by G. R. Vasey.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: EUensburg, Whited 66; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892;
Spokane, Piper, May, 1898; Medical Lake, Sandberg d- Leiberg 52; Rock Creek, Piper 2793;
Pasco, Hindshaw 23; Coulee City, Piper 3864; williout locality, Veuseg in 1889; Weiias
River, Cotton 916.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
468 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Capnorea fulcrata Greene, Pittonia 5: 51. 1902.
Type locality: "From somewhere in the State of Washington." Collected by G. R.
Vasey.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Vasey in 1889; without locality, Brandeyee 979
in part; Wenache Mountains, Cotton VIM.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Capnorea pumila (Dough) Greene, Erythea 2: 193. 1894.
Villarsia pumila Doug).; Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 70. 1838.
Hesperochiron pumilus Porter; Hayden, Geol. Rep. 768. 1872.
Capnorea nervom. Greene, Pittonia 5: 51. 1902.
Type locality: "Amer. boreali occ." Collected by Douglas in 1829.
Rancje: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, /io/7/c/' R105; B354; without locality, '^S'w^-ayZo?/
in 1878.
An authentic Douglasian specimen of VlUarnia pumila iu the Gray Herbarium is the
same as Capnorea nervosa Greene.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Capnorea villosula Greene, Pittonia 5: 52. 1902.
Type locality: Pullman, Washington.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Pullman, £'Zme?" 1001 ; Piyxr 1698.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. Capnorea hirtella Greene, Pittonia 5: 51. 1902.
Type locality: "Wet prairies of Eastern Washington." Collected by Howell.
Specimens examined: Eastern Washington, Howell April, 1890.
ROMANZOFFIA.
1. Romanzoffia sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. \l. 2: 158. 1832.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2233; Silverton, BoucTc 149 (pedicels
glandular!); Bridge Creek, Elmer 690; Mount Baker, Flett 863; Green River Hot Springs,
Piper in 1887; Mount Rainier, Flett 229; Goat Mountains, Allen 236.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
HYDROPHYLLUM. Waterleaf.
Flowers in dense clusters; leaf lobes obtuse V II. capitatum.
Flowers in loose clusters; leaf lobes usually acutish.
Calyx lobes pubescent on the back and ciliate with long, soft hairs;
leaves with 5 to 9 scattered segments, paler beneath 2. 77. alhifrons.
Calyx lobes glabrous on the back, hirsute-cihate, basal leaves with
5 approximate segments 3. II. tenuipes.
1. Hydrophyllum. capitatum Dough, Benth. Linn. Trans. 17; 273. 1837.
Type locality: " In the interior of tlie Columliia in iNorthwest America." Collected by
Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1249; Simcoe Hills, Howell, June, 1879;
without locality, Vasey in 1SS9; Wenache, Wlnted 23; Cleahim, Henderson, Jane 11, 1892;
Hangman Creek, Sandhery ■& Leiberg 45, Pullman, Elmer 1002; Moore, May, 1893; Piper
1893, 1696.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
PTPER FLORA OF TTTE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 469
2. Hydrophyllu 11 albifrons Heller, Bull. Toir. Ckih 25: 2()7. 1S9S.
HydrophyUuin congestum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 136. 1899.
Type locality: Lake Waha, Nez Perces County, Idaho.
R.vnge: Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Nason Creek, Sandhmj cC- Lcihenj 658; Okanogan Count y,ir/u7f'(/
222; Silverton, Bouck 150; Mount Rainier, Piper 2124; Mount Adams, Suhsdorf 453,
591; Herulersm 685; Goat Mountains, Allen 232; Klickitat River, Flcil 1250; without
kvality, Vasen in 1889; Pulhnan, Piper 1697; Hull 77S; Blue Mountains, Horner 3351;
Wenai'he Mountains, Cotton 1183.^.
ZoN.VL DISTRIBUTION : Arid Transition and Canadian.
This species is veixclose to H.fendleri (A. Gray) Heller, to which it has been referred.
Tiie plant called H. macrophyllum Nutt. in Cooper's Report is probably //. albifrona, which
has also been confused with //. occidentale (S. Wats.) A. Gray, a species of nioi-e southern
range.
Tire type specimen of H. congestum Wiegand really came from Mount Rainier (Mount
Tacoina) and not from Tacoma as published.
3. Hydrophyllurti teniiipes Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 582. 1898.
Type locality: Montesano, Washington.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon, west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Montesano, /MZer 3853 ; Hoquiam, Z,am& 1140; Clallam County,
Elmer 2831; Ilwaco, Piper 5000; Seattle, Piper 260, 3020; Skokomish River, Kincaid,
May 16, 1902; Tacoma, Flett 1768; Quinault, Vonard 134: without locality, WiU'es Expe-
dition.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Two quite distinct forms of this species occur, but satisfactory characters to separate them
are not evident. The coast form like Piper's .5000 has dark blue flowers on long peduncles,
and thick leaves coarsely and doubly crenate-dentate, while the form away from the imme-
diate coast has thinner leaves, simply dentate, and pale flowers on shorter peduncles.
Hydrophyllum tenuipes has heretofore been referred to //. virginicum L.
NEMOPHILA.
Corolla campanulate, bluish 1 . X. sepvlta.
Corolla tubular or tubular-campanulate, white.
Leaves mostly alternate ; corolla shorter than calyx 2. A', hrevijlora.
Leaves mostly opposite; corolla equaling the calyx or longer.
Seeds mostly 0 to 8 per capsule; leaves oblong 3. A. pedunciilata.
Seeds mostly 4 per capsule; leaves ovate 4. A', parvijlora.
1. Nemophila sepulta Parish, Erythea 7: 93. 1899.
Nemophila densa Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 466. 1901.
Nemophila minutijlora Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 14: 22. 1903.
Nemophila menziesii minutijlora Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133. 1900.
Nemophila reticulata Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 14: 22. 1903.
Nemophila erosa Suksdorf, op. cit. 23.
Type locality: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Siih<^dorf 684, 397: Bingen, Svl-xdorf
2198: Clarke County, Su]csdorf23l5.
2. Nemophila brevifiora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 315. 1&75.
Type locality: "Mountains of LItah." Collected by Watson.
Range: Washington to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Specimens examined: Cleman Mountain, Hemlc7'son, June 14, 1892; Klickitat County,
Sulcsdorf in 1881; Klickitat River, Flett 1013; Blue Mountains, Pij)er, July, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
470 rONTETBUTTONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBAEIUM.
3. Nemophila pedunculata Dougl.: Bentli. Linn. Trans. 17: 275. 1837.
Type locality: "On the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2ii37 , 2G3S.
4. Nemophila parviflora Dougl. ; Benth. Linn. Trans. 17: 275. 1837.
Type locality: "From the Columbia." Collected by Douglas and by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2830; Whidby Island, Gardner 395;
Seattle, Piper in 1885; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 61; without locaHty, Vaseij in 1889;
Vancouver, Piper 4940.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PHACELIA.
Leaves entire or with a few much smaller lateral lobes.
Flowers bright blue, rather large.
Low, branched from the base ; ovules only 4 1 . P. humilis.
Taller, erect; ovules 10 or more 2. P. linearis.
Flowers white or bluish, small.
Herbage canescent 3. P. heferopTiyUa.
Herbage green, hirsute 4. P. nemoralis.
Leaves pinnately cleft into narrow sul)eqnal lobes.
jinnual ; stems erect 9. P. glandulifera.
Perennials.
Stems erect.
Stems weak, reclining 8. P. ramosissima.
Leaves silky; inflorescence not glandular 5. P. ftericea.
Leaves green; inflorescence glandular.
Calyx not ciliate; leaves not glandular 6. P. procera.
Calyx ciliate; leaves glandular 7. P. lenta.
1. Phacelia humiUs Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 2: 122. 1855-57.
Type locality: "Near the summit of the Sierra Nevada, California."
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Cleman Moimtain, iZeTMZerson 2541 ; Egbert Springs, (Sandl&eri; cfe
Leiherg 352; Yakima region, Brandegee 974; Wenache, Whifed 1103, 35; Douglas County,
Spillman, May, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. PhaceHa linearis (Pursh) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 242. 1895.
Phacelia memiesii Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 252. 1871.
Hydrophyllum lineare Pursh, Fl. 1 : 134. 1814.
Eutoca memiesii R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 764. 1823.
Eutoca mvUiflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1180. 1828.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri. April." Collected by Lewis. The
specimen in the Philadelphia Academy bears the label "Rocky Camp, April 17, 1806."
This spot is on the Dalles of the Columbia, and it is probable that Pursh has made an error.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 210; Mount Adams, Flett 1247; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 330; Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; North Yakima, Mrs.
Steinweg in 1894; Pasco, Piper 2958; Eindshaw 24; Rock Lake, Sandherg <& Leiherg 116;
Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality, Vasey in 1889; along Tukanon River,
Lake & HuH,iu\y 2, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1894; Almota, Piper 1695; Wawawai,
Lake & Hull 566; Elmer 782.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTOlSr. 471
3. Phacelia heterophylla Pursh, Fl. 1: 140. 1814.
Phacelia hastaia Dougl.: Lelim. Pug. 2: 20. 1830.
Type locality: "Ou dry hills on the banks of the Kooskooskee," Idaho. Collected by
Lewis."
Range: British Columbia to Dakota, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: Peshastin, Sandherg & Leiherg, August, 1893; Wenache, WJdted
23, 1129; Ellensburg, Elmer 388; Wilson Creek, Lal-e & Hull 567; Pasco, Hindshaw 24;
Spokane, Henderson 2564; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 567; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 475; Clarks Springs, Kreager 116; Kalispel Lake, Kreager
445; Clallam County, Elmer 2829?; "North Branch of the Columbia," ^YUkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Phacelia nemoralis Greene, Pittonia, 1: 141. 1887.
Type locality: "Conmion in the hills behind Oakland and Berkeley, California."
Range: Washington to California, in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Chchalis County, Lamh 1161; Shoal water Bay, Cooper in 1854;
Montesano, Heller 3923; Silverton, BoucJc 148; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Horse-
shoe Basin, Lake cfc Hull, August 24, 1892; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 25, 1892;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Columbia River, Scouler; Puget Sound,
Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
5. Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 323. 1S75.
Eutoca sericea Graham: Hook. Bot. Mag. 57: pi. 3003. 1830.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains, North America." Collected l)y Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to Colorado and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2827; Mount Steele, Piper 2229; Moimt
Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Puyallup Glacier, Flett 265; Klickitat River, Flett
1248; Mount Rainier, Smith in 1889; Fleft 2174.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
6. Phaceha procera A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 323. 1875.
Type locality: "Mountain meadows of the Sierra Nevada in Siena and Nevada Coun-
ties," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Trout Lake, Suksdorf 412; Simcoe Moimtains, Howell 334;
Cleman Mountain, Henderson; near Wenache, Whited 146, 1160; Peshastin, Sandherg tfc
Leiherg 500; Leavenworth, Savage 30.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
7. Phaceha lenta Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 44. 1901.
Type locality: "Bare hills of the Columbia River," Washington. Collected by Bian-
Range: Eastern Washington. Known only by the type specimen.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Brandegee 976.
8. Phaceha ramosissima Dougl; Lehm. Pug. 2: 21. 1830.
Type locality: None given. According to Hooker: " Dry rocky plains of the Columbia
near Priests Rapid and at the Stony Island." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Near Orondo, WTiifed 196: near Priest Rapids, Brandegee 975;
Wenache, Whited 1304, 1375; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg S Leiherg 288; Soap Lake,
McKay 1.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
472 CONTEIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
9. Phacelia glandulifera, sp. nov.
Animal, Ijraiiched from the base, 5 to 30 cm. high, hispid, and glandular throughout ; leaves
ol)long, pinnately parted into 11 to 15 narrow divisions, these acutish and mostly 2 to 6-
lobed; calyx lobes spatulate-oblanceolate, obtuse, entire or rarely bearing a single, lobe,
hispid and glandular, about 6 mm. long in flower, becoming twice as long and remaining
erect in fruit; corolla pale violet, campanulate-funnelform, 6 mm. long, barely exceeding
the calyx, 15-nerved, its rounded lobes 1.5 mm. long, the crests very obscure or wanting;
stamens included, the slender filaments subulate, unequally inserted toward the base, the
white anthers cordate-renif orm ; style 2-cleft at apex; stigmas capitate; capsule oblong,
5 to 6 mm. long, obtuse, sparsely, hispidulous; seeds about 12, angular, lanceolate-oblong,
beautifully tuberculate in transverse rows, 1.7 mm. long.
This plant has long been confused with P. ivesiana Torr. of the Great Basin region south-
ward, though attention was called to its distinctness long since. a P. ivesiana differs in
having its herbage more hispid and nearlyglandless, and in having broader, obtuse, mostly
entire leaf lobes, glandless calyx, and more deeply corrugated seeds.
Specimens ex.\mined: Washington — Junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Douglas County,
Sandberg & Leiberg 306, June, 1893; Pasco, Piper 2954, May 25, 1899 (type); same locality,
Henderson 2540; Morgan's Ferry, Yakima County, Sulcsdorf 398. Oregon — Sage Plains,
Howell, •Imw 10, 1885; Ontario, Leiberg 2015; Guano Ji&nch,Coville <& Leiberg 5, July 24,
1896; eastern Oregon, CifsicZ; 1670. Idaho— without locality, /ZaycZen in 1872; Big Butte
Station, Palmer 590; Blue Lakes, Palmer 65.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran.
CONANTHUS.
1. Conanthus parvifiorus Greenman, Erythca 7: 117. 1899.
Gilia Jnsjnda Piper, Erythea 6: 30. 1898, not Conanthus Mspidus ITeller nor Nama
hispida A. Gray. 1862.
Type locality: "Oregon in sandj^ soil of the Malheur." Collected by Cusick.
Range; Eastern Wa.shington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined; Near Morgan's Ferry, SvTcsdorf 390; Wallula, Brandegee 978;
Pasco, Piper 2968; Hindshaiv, May 25, 1896; Henderson 2402; Piper, July 10, 1897.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran.
Washington specimens referred to Nainn demissum A. Gray and Conanthus arefioides
Wats, belong to this species.
BORAGINACEAE. Borage Family.
Ovary undivided, sometimes 2 to 4-grooved; style terminal.
Style entire ; stigma peltate Heliotropium ( p. 473) .
Style 2-cleft ; stigmas capitate Coldenia (p. 474) .
Ovary 4-parted; the style arising from lietween the parts.
, Nutlets armed with barbed prickles.
Nutlets erect, prickly on the margins and sometimes
on the back Lappula (p. 474) .
Nutlets spreading, prickly all over Cynoglossum (p. 476).
Nutlets not armed with barbed prickles,
Calyx much enlarged and membranous in fruit Asperugo (p. 476).
Calyx not much enlarged nor membranous in fruit.
Corolla tubular or tubular-funnelform, blue . Mertensia (p. 476).
Corolla funnelform or rotate.
Nutlets erect attached by the very base.
Racemes liractless ; corolla rotate ; roots
slender Mtosotis (p. 486).
aCoville, Coutr. Nat. Herb. 4: 159. 1893.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF AVASHINGTON. 47?>
Racemes bracteate; corolla funnelforni;
roots thick LitiiosperxMum (p. 4SG).
Nutlets erect or oblique, attaclied above the
base, a more or less prominent fruiting
receptacle (gynobase) .
Corolla yellow or orange, with naked
open throat .Vmsinckia (p. 4S0).
Corolla white or blue with throat more
or less fornicate — that is, l)eanng
prominent swellings.
Nutlets very flat and thin, attached
above the middle, the margins
spinulose Pectocarya (p. 482).
Nutlets thick, attached at or below
the middle.
Perennials.
Corolla bluev nutlets ob-
licjue, the dorsal surface
with an acute, entire or
spiny margin Eritrichium (p. 480).
Corolla white or whitish;
nutlets ovate-trigonous. Oreocarya (p. 481).
Annuals.
Calyx circumscissile Piptocalyx (p. 481).
Calyx not circumscissile.
Gynobase elongate,
the nutlets attached
by one-third their
length or more Cryptanthe (p. 483).
Gynobase low.
Nutlets oblique
or incurved, at-
tached about
the middle by
a caruncle-like
process; leaves
all alternate.. Plagiobothrys (p. 482).
Nutlets attached
just inside the
base ; lower
leaves opposite Allocarya (p. 48.5).
HELIOTROPIUM.
1. Heliotropium curassavicum L. Sp. Pi. 1: 130. 17.53.
{ Heliotropium chenopodioides Willd. Enum. llort. Berol. 17-5. 1809.
Type locality: " In Americae cahdioris maritimis."
Range: Washington to Virginia and southward.
Specimens examined: Junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandhcrg c£' Leiherg 339; Walla
Walla, Li/a//, June, 1860; Waitsburg, ffornfr 379; without locality, r«At'j/ in 1889; Wallula,
Cotton 1074«.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
474 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
COLDENIA.
1. Coldenia nuttallii Hook. Journ. Bot. & Kew Misc. 3: 296. 1851.
TiquUia panifolia Nutt.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Wyoming, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 343; Kennewick, Piper,
July 10, 1897; Pasco, Elmer 1061; Henderson, June, 1892; without locaHty, Brandegee 982.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
LAPPULA.
Annuals; scar of the nutlets linear.
Lateral prickles of the fruit free 8.L. occidenialis.
Lateral prickles of the fruit united 9. L. cufulata.
Perennials: scar of nutlets triangular or ovate.
Lateral prickles united for about half their length.
Corolla greenish, the lobes broadest at base 6. L. Mspida.
Corolla blue, the lobes narrowest at base 7. L. cUiata.
Lateral prickles of the fioiit free to the base or nearly so.
Swellings in throat of corolla pubescent.
Flowers white ; pubescence, harsh, appressed 1. L. arida.
Flowers blue; pubescence soft, not appressed 2. L. mxatiiis.
Swellings in throat of corolla not pubescent.
Flowers white : swellings as long as broad 5. L. hendersoni.
Flowers blue ; swellings broader than long.
Corolla 4 to 6 mm. broad 3. Z. flonhunda.
Corolla 8 to 10 mm. broad 4. L. diffusa.
1. Lappula arida Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 44. 1901.
Lappula cottoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 549. 1902.
Type locality: Ellensburg, Washington.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whiied, June, 1896 and 1047; Ellensburg, Elmer 385;
Whiied 324; Piper 2676; Peshastin, Sandherg & Leiberg 595; Douglas County, Spillman,
May -27, 1896; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 277; Coulee City,
Piper 3840; without locality, Fa,rt-pctioled, 2 to 3 cm. long; lowest leaves reduced and scarious; inflorescence close;
calyx glaucous, parted nearly to the base, its lobes oblong-lanceolate, very acute, denticu-
late-ciliatc on the margin; corolla blue, 10 to 12 ram. long, its tube about twice as long as
the calyx; filaments dilated, as long as the anthers.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Washington, Prof. R. M. Horner 366, April 3, 1897,
the type in the U. S. National Herbarium, sheet no. 318875; Union County, Oregon, Cusick,
1830, April 13, 1898.
13. Mertensia pubescens sp. nov.
Tufted from a stout vertical caudex covered with the dead bases of old leaves; stems 10
to 15 cm. high, leafy to the top; leaves numerous, the cauline inclined to be secund, linear
or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, only the midrib evident, 3 to 0 cm. long, mostly
about 5 imn. wide, pubescent on both surfaces, the basal ones attenuate into margined
petioles about as long as the blades, the cauline sessile and but little reduced upwards;
panicle short, dense, nodding; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, coarselj' ciliate, glabrous on
the back, a third to n fourth as long as the corolla tube; corolla blue, the narrow tul)c
6 to 8 mm. long, one-half longer than the campanulate limb; filaments dilated, as long as
the anthers.
Collected near Waterville, Douglas County, by Kirlc Whited, 1214, April 23, 1900, the
type sheet in the U. S. National Herbarium no. 370326.
Closely allied to M . amoena A.Nelson a.nd M . balceri Greene, but distinguished by its
narrow more pubescent leaves and longer corollas.
14. Mertensia nutans Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 491. 1901.
Type locality': "On the north side of high ridges, eastern Oregon and Washington."
The type specimen jS from Klickitat County, Washington.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Idaho and 1 Colorado.
Specimens examined: Near Granddallcs, Gorman, April 20, 1892: Klickitat County,
Howell, May, 1880; Wenache, Wkiied 1034; Ellensburg, Whited, April IS, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
14a. Mertensia nutans subcalva subsp. nov.
Leaves minutely strigose above; otherwise as in M. nutans.
Specimens examined: Rattlesnake Mountains, J. S. Cotton, 328, April 29, 1901.
480 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM T^iE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Mertensia MARiTiMA (L.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Air. Br. PI. 2: 354. 1821. {Pulmonaria
maritima L. Sp. PL 1: 136. 1753.)
This species is said by A. Gray a to occur on tlie coast of Wasliington, and it is included
in Suksdorf 's list. There are, however, no specimens in any of the American herbaria to
substantiate the statement.
ERITRICHIUM.
1. Eritrichium howardi (A.Gray) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 327. 1900.
Oniphdlo'h.s hiiranli A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 263. 1SS5.
Cynoglossurn howardi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': ISS. 1878.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains in Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 130.
AMSINCKIA.
Nutlets not nuuiculatc, the projections smooth and pavement-like; calyx
lobes oblong, obtuse I. A. tessellata.
_ Nutlets muriculate-scabrous.
Erect; calyx lobes linear 2. A. intermedia.
Spreading; calyx lobes lanceolate or ovate, two or three of them
often united 3. ^. lycopsoides.
1. Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: .54. 1874.
Type locality: "Contra Costa mountains near Monte Diablo," California.
Range: Washington to Utah and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited, June, 1896 and 44; Ellensburg, Pipf?-, May 20,
1897; North Yakima, Piper 2785; Henderson 2558; Pasco, Piper 2971, 2977; Hindlhaw
20; Snipes Mountain, Coftun 312; Coulee City, Piper 3847; Ephrata to Ritzville, Griffiths tfc
Cotton 489.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Seni. Hort. Petrop. 2: 26. 1835.
EutiH-a ineiiziesii Lehm. Pug. 2: 29. 1830, not R. Br. 1823.
Type locality: "Hab. cum sequente specie circa coloniam ruthenorum Ross in portu
Bodega Novae Californiae."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, X//«//, May 10, 1858; Fairhaven, Piper, July 2,
1897; Port Ludlow, Binns; Ellensburg, Piper 2699; west Klickitat County, Suhsdorf 994,
2007, 390, 995; Rock I^ake, Sandberg & Leiberg 120; Douglas County, SpiUman;
Waitsburg,/7oTOerl46, 147; Blue Mountains, Piper; Pullman, 77?/?/ 6.38; Elmer; Almota
Piper 2786; Wawawai, Piper 1838; Colfax, Piper; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Meyei-s Falls, Kreager 479.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Ai'id Transition.
An exceedingly troublesome weed in grain fields of southeastern Washington, locally
known as "tarweed." The species is extremely variable and Suksdorf segregates from it
three proposed new species, A. arenaria,b A. retrorsa, c and A. micrantha.c The characters
relied upon seem very slight and we question their value.
3. Amsinckia lycopsoides LehuL; DC. Prod. 10: 117. 1846.^
LitJiospermum lycopsoides Lehm. Pug. 2: 28. 1830.
Amsinckia lycopsoides iracteosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 198. 1878.
Type locality: "Straits of De Fuca, Scouler" according to Hooker.
aSyn. Fl. 2: 200, 1878. & Deutscli. Bot. Monatss. 18: 1.33. 1900. c Op. cit. 134.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 481
Range: Vancouver Island to California.
Specimens examined: Fairliaven, Siil-si/i>rf 9m; Paget Sound, Sudhnj: Port Ludlow,
Binns, September 25, 1S90-; Clallam County, Elmer 2754; Fairliaven, Pipe/', July 3, 1897,
Spokane, Piper 2275; without locality, Coo-per in 1854.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
The two forms distinguished by Doctor Gray are probably worthy of recognition, but
unfortunately his subspecies Iradeosa is clearly based on the original Lithospennum
iycopaoides.
PIPTOCALYX.
1. Piptocalyx circumscissus (Hook. & Arn.) Tore. Bcjt. AViikes P^xped. 17: 414. 1874.
LUhofipermuml circumncisau/n Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 370. 1840.
Echinospermum circumsrissum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 58. 1875.
Type locality: "Snake Fort, Snake Country," Idaho. Collected by Tohuic.
Range: Washington to ^\yoming, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 404: Sunnyside, Cotton 351; North
Yakima, TZem/erson, May 26, 1892; Pasco, Ptper 296G; IHivlshaw 30; Ainsv.orth, i>ran'/(-
gee 991 ; Wilson Creek, Samlherg & Leiberg 228.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoi an.
OREOCARYA.
Corolla tube exceeding the calyx _ 1 . O. leucophnea.
Corolla tube not exceeding the calyx.
Herbage not very hispid, but decidedly canescent and the infloics-
cence f ul vescent 4 . , aericea.
Herbage very hispid; inflorescence not fulvescent.
Inflorescence very dense; leaves obtuse. 2. O. celoHioUcs.
Inflorescence not \ery dense; leaves acute 3. O. spiculifera.
1. Oreocarya leucophaea (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 58. 1887.
Myoaotis leucophdco Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 22. 1830.
Eritrichium leucophaeum A. DC. Prod. 10: 129. 1840.
Krynitskia leucophaea A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 430. 1886.
Type locality: "Arid barrens of the Colunil)iu, anil of its northern and southern tribu-
taries." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utali.
Specimens examined: Columbia Rivep, latitude 46° to 49°, -Lyall in 1860; Morgans
Ferry, «S'«i-.«/o// 407; arid barrens of the Columbia, Z>(>(/f//r;.s.- Egbert Springs, Sandberg c&
Leiberg 93, 373; Scott, Leckenby, May 16, 1898; Pasco, Piper, July 11, 1897; Himhhaw
2; Ehner 1056; Piper 2987; Walla AValla region, Brarulegee 997; Wallula, Ootton 1027.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Oreocarya celosioides Eastwood, Bull. Toir. Chili 30: 240. 1903.
Type locality: "From the banks of the Columbia, eastern \Vashington." Collected
by Howell.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Rock island, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 440; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 359; near Columbus, Swl'.«/o//, June 10, 1886; Klickitat, //owe//, June, 1879; without
locality, Brandegee 996.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This species has been confused with (J. glomerata (Pursh) Greene.
3. Oreocarya spiculifera sp. nov.
Tufted from a stout woody caudex, the whole plant pallid: basal leaves numeror.s,
crowded, spatulate-oblanceolate, acute, only the midnerve evident, densely pubescent '....i
29418—06 M 31
482 CONTRIBUTTONS FROM THE NATIONAL HEEBARTUM.
l)()th sides with fine appresscd luiirs, scattci'od among these and on the margins tout
hyaline bristles; blades 1.5 to 2 cm. long, exceeding the margined petioles; cauline leaves
few, similar to the basal ones, but with shorter petioles; flowering stems erect, simple, 20
to 30 cm. high, angled, pubescent like the leaves; inflorescence of 8 to 12 alternate, sub-
equal, false racemes, floriferous to their bases, the bracts and calyx pubescent like the
leaves, but the bristles more alnitidant; bracts linear-lanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the
calyx; pedicels short, soft-haiiy : calyx lobes lanceolate, in flower 5 to 6 mm., in fruit 8 mm.
long; corolla white, salver-form, its tube 5 mm. long, its limb 8 nun. bioad; appendages
triangular-ovate, obtu.sc, short; nutlets pale brown, dull, ovate, obtuse, 3 mm. long, each
with a smooth, narrow margin, the back bluntly tuberculate, the ventral side rugose, the
groove reaching nearly to the apex; gynobase longer than the nutlets.
Type in the iNational Herbarium, collected at Ritzville, Adams County, by Sandberg &
Leibcrg (no. 164), June 6, 1893.
4. Oreocarya sericea (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 58. 1887.
Kiyultskia scricca A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 279. 1885.
Type locality: "Alpine and subalpine on the mountains from Colorado and Utah to
Oregon and Montana and probably in the British Possessions."
Range: Washington to Montana, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Wenacho, IF/u'toZ 1099; Spokane, Piper 2294; Henderson 25(33.
Zonal dlstribution: Arid Transition.
PECTOCARYA.
Nutlets oblong, the wings undulate 1. P. penicillata.
Nutlets obovate, the wings entire or wanting.
Nutlets with a thin scarious wing 2. P. setosa.
Nutlets wingless 3. P. pusilla.
1. Pectocarya penicillata (Hook. & Arn.) A. DC. Prod. 10: 120. 184G.
Cynoglossum penicillatum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 371. 1840.
Type locality: California.
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens exaxMined: Wenache, Whited 86; North Yakima, Henderson, May 27, 1892;
Pasco, Piper 2967; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Harrington, Sandberg &
Leiherg 223; Coulee City, Piper 3869; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 984; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Griffiths cf; Cotton 22.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Pectocarya setosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 81. 1877.
Type locality: "On the desert plains of the upper Mohave River," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Y&kimai County , Brandegee 985; North Yukinni, ncrulerson2560.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Pectocarya pusiUa (A. DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 81. 1877.
Gruvelia pusilla A. DC. Prod. 10: 119. 1846.
Type locality: "In Chili prope Valparaiso et montem la Leona."
Range: Washington to California. Chile.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sul'sdorf 410.
PLAGIOBOTHRYS.
Nutlets somewhat cruciform, muriculate. LP. tenellus.
Nutlets ovate, carinatc, dull, roughened 2. P. nothofalvus.
1. Plagiobothrys tenellus (Nutt.) A. Gjay, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 283. 1885.
Mgosotis tenella Nutt.; Hook. Kew. Journ. Bot. 3: 295. 1851.
PIPER FLORA (;F THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 483
Plagiol)ofhn/s aspev Greene, ]*ilio;iia 3: 2(32. 1S9S.
Tyi'e locality: "Sunny rocky .slopes of the mountains along the Coeur d'Alene River,"
Idaiio. Collected by Geyer.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Zya/Hn 1858; Orcas Island, L//a// in 1858; Fort
Vancouver, ToZ/ft ie; Wenache, Whited 1046; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane,
Piper: Henderson; Sandherg & Leihercj 10; Walla Walla regit)n, ZJran-.'ff/ce 990; near Waits-
lung, Horner 160;.Wawa\vai, Piper; ElmerlGil; without locality, Vasaj in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Plagiobothrys nothofulvus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 280. 1885.
Kritrichium nothofnlvum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 227. 1882.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County , Srh^dcif 37.
CRYPTANTHE.
.•lutlets with scarious crenate wings 1 . ('. pterocarya.
Nutlets not winged.
Surface of nutlets smooth and shining.
Nutlets solitary or rarely two, narrow, attenuate-acuminate.
Vent:"al groove simple, elongated at base . . . . 2. C fhicclda.
Ventral groove bifurcate at base 3. ('. si(k:^dorJii.
Nutlets four, ovate, acute or short-acuminate.
Ventral groove simple to the base 4. ('. ajfinis.
Ventn I groove forked at base.
Pubscence seto.se, spreading . f). ('. raiinihmdsi/iia.
Pubescence somewhat appiessed 6. C iorreyana.
Surface of nutlet rough.
Calyx twice as long as the acuminate nutlets 7. C andngua.
Calyx little longer than the acute nutlets 8. C murindata.
1. Cryptanthe pterocarya (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 120. 1887.
Eritrichium pterocaryirm Torr. Bot. ^'ex. Bound. 142. 1859.
Krynitskia pterocarya A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 276. 1885.
Type locality: "Near El Paso," Texas.
Range: W^ashington to California and Texas.
.Specimens e.x.amined: Ellensburg, Hindshaw, 'Ma.y, 1896; Yakima, Hcmlerson in 1892:
Pasco, HindsJiaw, May 25, 18£6 and no. 41; Piper 2961; Couke ( ity, Piper 3881; Wilson
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 260; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 995; without locality,
Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Cryptanthe flaccida (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 115. 1887.
Mysotis JIaccida Lehm. Pug. 2: 22. 1830.
Eritrichium oxycaryurn A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 58. 1874. •
Krynitskia oxycarya A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 425. 1878.
Type locality: "N. W. Coast in dry plains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Yakima, Henderson in 1892; Coulee City, Pi]>er 3887; Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiherg 304; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 173; without
loiality, Brandegee 992; Almota, Piper 1702; Waitsbmg, Horner 602, 144; Wawawai,
Lake & Hull 820; Elmer 766.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
484 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Cryptanthe suksdorfii (Greenman).
Krynitskia sukskorjii Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 40: 146. 1905.
Type locality: "On dry hillsides near Ilocklaud, Kiidiitat County," Wasliington.
Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Rockland, Sukudorf, June 8, 1904.
4. Cryptanthe aflanis (A. Gray) Greene, Pittouia 1: 119. 1887.
Krynitslia ajfinis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 270. 1885.
Type locality: "E. side of the Cascades near Lat. 49°." Collected by Lyall in 1860.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley,
SuTcsdoif Abb; Klickitat River, Flett 1197; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Hender-
son; Kamiak Butte, Fifer 3092; Blue Mountains, Plfer, July 15, 1896; Waitsburg,
Homer 603; along Touchet River, Hoi-ner 381.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
5. Cryptanthe ramulosissima A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 68. 1899.
Type locality: Laramie, Wyoming.
Range: Washington and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Pasco, Elmer 1054; Piper 2750 and 2951; Henderson 2562;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Griffiths <& Cotton 24.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
6. Cryptanthe torreyana Greene, Pittonia 1: 118. 1887.
Erynilzlia lorreyana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 271. 1885.
Krynitzkia leiocai-pa Fi-sch. & ISley. err. det. Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 142. 1859.
Type locality: Grassy hills near San Luis Rcy, California, according to label on type
specimen.
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Piper 3882.
6a. Cryptanthe torreyana calycosa Greene, Pittonia 1: 119. 1887.
KrynitsYia torreyana calycosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 271. 1885.
Type locality: "E. Humboldt Mountains, Nevada." Collected by Watson.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 506; Piper, July 9, 1897; North Yakima,
Henderson, May 29, 1892; Falcon Valley, SuJcsdoif b93; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg
& Leiberg 249; Spangle, P;>e?-, June 24, 1899; Spokane, Pi>/', July 6, 1895, 1943; Hen-
derson, June 1, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1942, 1945; Wawawai, Lake, June 4, 1892: Piper,
1944, 3813, 1941; along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 821; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3091.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
There are two forms of this sub-species, one with small corollas and one witli large. No
other character seems to be a.ssociated with this difference, however.
7. Cryptanthe ambigua (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 113. 1887.
Krynitskia amhigua A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 273. 1885.
Eritrichium muriculatum Torr. Bot. Wilkes. Exped. 17: 416. pi. 1-k 1874.
Cryptanthe monosperma Greene, Pittonia 5: 53. 1902.
Type locality: Nisqually, Washington.
Range: Washington to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Hov:ell 337; north of Bicklcton, Suksdoif 406; with-
out locality, Brandegee 994: Falcon Valic}-, Suksdorf 46, 595.
8. Cryptanthe muriculata (A. DC.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 113. 1887.
Eritrichium muriculatum A. DC. Prod. 10: 1.32. 1846.
Krynitskia muriculata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 273. 1885.
'i^IPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 485
Myosotis muricafa Ilook-iSc Ani. Bot. Beech. Voy. 8()9. 1S4(), not LifJiospermum muricatuiiL
Ruiz & Pavon, 1799.
AUocarya hendersoni A. Nelson, Erythea 7: G9. 1899.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Kincaid, May 16, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 890
Olympia, July 4, 1896; Steilacoora, Pifer, May 27, 1888; Fourth Plain, Pijier 308.3
Vancouver, Tolmie; Falcon Valley, Svhsdorf 456; Clealura, Uenderson, June 11, 1892
Palouse, Cloud, June, 1895: Goat Mountains, F/f« 2156; Cape Horn, Pijw 5018; Pullman
Elmer 155.
Suksdorf lists under Krynitskia two additional species, Cryptanthe Uiocarpa (Fisch. &
Mey.) Greene and C.fendleri (A. Gray) Greene. There is no evidence in the Gray Her-
l)arium that the former occurs in Washington, though Doctor Gra^^ included this State in
its range, nor have we .seen specimens elsewhere. The Wilkes Expedition plant referred to
C. leiocarpa by Torrey is C. torreyana calycosa, collected near Spokane. Suksdorf's speci-
men on the basis of which G. fendleri is included in his list seems to be C. ainl>i(jua.
ALLOCARYA.
Corolla small, 1 to 2 lines broad; branches pi-ostrate.
Nutlets transversely rugose, not bristh^ 1. A.T\ ispiduhi.
Nutlets transversely rugose and bristly 2. ^4. .'ndifilochidiala.
Corolla large, 3 to 5 lines broad; stems erect or ascending.
Nutlets rugulose, granulate, not stipitate 3. A. scovleri.
Nutlets rugulose, granulate, stipitate 4. ^4. stipitnfn.
1. AUocarya hispidula Greene, Pittonia 1: 17. 1887.
Type locality: San Bernaidino Mountains, California.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Hovell 295; near Mount Adams, TIenderfinn:
Falcon Valley, Sukfidorf 2113; Ellen.sburg, Whited 863; Bingen, Suksdorf 2207; Kettle
Falls, Watson 284; Crab Creek, Suksdoif 403; Harrington, Sandlierg <& Leiherg 217; Spo-
kane, Savage 20; Waitslmrg, Homer 138; without locaht}-, Vasey in 1889; Pullman,
Piper, July 20, 1894, 1701, 3022.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
A close ally of A. californicn, with which it has often l)een included.
2. AUocarya subglochidiata (A. Gray).
^4/Zomrj/a ^wmis/ra/a Greene, Pittonia 1: 16. 1887.
Eritrichmm caUf(>rnicum suhglochidiatnni A. Gnxy, Bot.Cal. 1: .526. 1876.
Type locality: ' 'Placer to Sierra Co.," California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: North Yukimn, Henderson, June 13, 1892: Wilson Creek, Lair.
(& Hull, August 6, 1892.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
3. AUocarya scouleri (Hook. & Am.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 18. 1887.
Myosotis scouleri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 370. 1840.
Eriinchium 'i scouleri A. DC. in DC. Prod. 10: 130. 1846.
Krynitskia scouleri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 267. 1885.
Type locality: "Columbia River."
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Succotash Valley, Ptper in 1895; Klickitat County, Suksdorf
45; Howell 336; Seattle, E. S. Meany 531; Clallam County, Elmer 2753, 2756.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
486 C'ONTRTBUTTONS FROM THE NATTONAT. HERRARTITM.
A speciniou collected liy Suksdorf May 2Ct, 1881, in Western Klickitat County I would
refer to A. scouleri, but Professor Greene regards it as belonging to his Allocanja h'uia.a
4. Allocarya stipitata Greene, Pittoiiia 1: 19. 1887.
Type l()c.\lity: "In the central part of California."
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens kxamined: Clallam County, Elmer 275.5; Taconia, FJett 2, 879; Mason
County, Piper 1053.
Zonal distribution: Iliiniid Transition.
MYOSOTIS. Forget-me-not.
Perennial ; calyx hairs straight : corolla blue \. M . la.ra.
Annual ; calyx iiairs hooked : corolla white 2. M . macros ferma.
1. Myosotis laxaLehm. Asper. 83. 1818.
Type rocAUTY: "Habitat in America septentrionale."
Range: Canada to Virginia and Tennessee; Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Whatcom, Gardner 415; Walla Walla, Savage 3; Wenache,
W kited 1362.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Myosotis macrosperma Engelni. Am. Journ. Sci. I. 46: 98. 1844.
Type locality: Texas.
Range: Washington to New England, southward to California, Texas, and Florida.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 215; Seattle, Piper 018; White Salmon,
Suhsdorf 295: Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892; Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 1000;
Copper River, Ilorner 149; Waitsburg, Horner 600; Mount Carlton, Kreager 158.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species seems amply distinct from M . renin Nutt., to which it is commonly referred.
LITHOSPERMUM.
1. Lithosperniuni ruderale Dough, Lehni. Pug. 2: 28. 1830.
'( Lilhospermum pilosum iNutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. 7: 43. 1834.
lAthospermvm [anceolalvm Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 333. 1900.
Type locality: "Gravelly banks of the Columbia and Multnomah Rivers." Collected
by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Montana, Utah, and California.
Specimens examined. Wenache, WInled 1000; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 358: North
Yakima, Leckenhy, May, 1898, Fiett 1035, Whidby Island, Gardner 213, west Klickitat
County, Suksdorj 100, Ritzville, Sandlierg tt Leiberg, June, 1893, Rock Creek, Saitdlierg cC'
Leiherg 128, Colville, Lyall in 1801, Walla Walla, Lyall m 1800, without locality, Vasrg m
1889. Pullman, Flmer 212; Hull MO. Piper 1700, 1699, Wawawai, Lake d- HulicAO, Clarks
Springs, l\ re(isei vation, Griffiths & Cotton 406.
Zonal DisrRiBUTioN: Arid Transition.
MENTHACEAE. INItnt Family.
Ovary 4-lobed.
Corolla nearly legular, o-cleft Trichostema (p. 487).
Corolla very irregular, apparently 1-lipped Teucrium (p. 487).
Oviiiy 4-parted.
Corolla distinctly bilabiate, the upper lip concave.
Aiitheriferous stamens 2 Ramona (p. 488).
Antheriferous stamens 4.
Calyx with a protuberance on the iippei- side ScurELLAUiA (p. 488).
Calyx without protul)erance.
aPittonia 1: 161. 1888.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 4S7
Upper pair of stamens longer tlian the lower.
Anther cells parallel Agastacitf, (p. 4,S9)
Anther cells divergent.
Calyx teeth subequal NEPF/rA (p. 489).
Calyx teeth unequal, the upper very
large Dra( ocei'haluiM (p. 4S9).
Upper pair of stamens shorter than the lower.
Calyx bilabiate Prunella (p. 4S9).
Calyx not bilabiate.
Teeth of the calyx 10, spiny Marrubiiim (p. 4S9).
Teeth of the calyx 5, not spiny.
Flowers opposite; calyx becom-
ing inflated. PiivsosTEfiiA (p. 490).
Flowers whorled ; calyx not be-
coming inflated.
Throat of corolla dilated . Labium (p. 490).
Throat of corolla not dil-
ated Staciiys (p. 490).
Corolla nearly regular, or wnen bilabiate, the uppei' lip plane.
Corolla regular or nearly so.
Antheriferous stamens 2 Lycopus (j). 491).
Antlieriferous stamens 4 Mentha (p. 492).
Corolla bilabiate.
Plant creeping; flowers axillary Micromeria (p. 493).
Plant erect; flowers capitate-vert iciilatc Mauronella (p. 493.)
TRICHOSTEMA.
Corolla tube not exceeding the c'ulyx; leaves nienibranaceous, costate-
veined 1. T. obloncjum.
Corolla tube slender, exserted; leaves crowded, stiongly 3 tij 5-nervose. 2. T. lanceolaturn.
1. Trichostema oblongum Benth. Lai). 659. 1832-3(5.
Type locality: "In herbidis prope arceni Vancouver." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 'M; without locality, I>i)iinisli, arifjillh-i cf' f'i>tloti 769.
la. Teucriuni occidentale viscidum subsp. nov.
DiU'crs fi-om T. occidentale in being viscid-puiiescent throughout.
Collected at Mission, Stevens County, in nuick land, August 22, 1902, by Frank O. Ki'ea-
ger (no. 482). The type is the sheet in the U. S. National Herbarium no. 441297.
488 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
RAMON A.
1. Ramona incana (Bcnth.) Dougl: Briquet , Bull, florl). Boiss. 2: 440, 1894.
Audibertia incana Benth. Bot. Reg. 17: pJ. 14G9. 1831.
Saliia carnosa Dougl. loc. cit. as synonym.
Type locality: "On the plains of the Columbia, near the Priest's Rapid, and on the
clayey hills near the Big Birch, in 1826." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Wa.shington and Idaho to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1066; Ellensburg, Elmer 110; North Yakima,
Mrs. Steimveg in 1894; Flett 1029; Henderson, May 21, 1892; Piper, July 10, 1897; Wait
August, 1895; Yakima River, SuJcsdorf42H\ Egbert Springs, Sandherg c& Leiherg 362; Rattle-
snake Mountains, r'o/Zon 467; Snipes Mountain, Co//on 388; Columl)ia Valley, ZyaZZ in 1860:
Crab Creek, Sandherg A Leiherg 244; Douglas County, SiiiUinnn, 'May 27, 1890: Coulee City,
Lal-e d- Hull, August 8, 1892; Loon Lake, Winsion, July 20, 1897; Soap Lake, McKay 9;
Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892: Leiherg (iO.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
SCUTELLARIA. Skullcap.
Flowers small in axillary or terminal racemes \. S. laferifora.
Flowers larger, solitary in the leaf axils.
Lower lip of corolla not villous 2. S. galericvlata.
Lower lip of corolla villous within.
Corolla 14 to 20 mm. long; leaves ol)long, o])tuse at each end. . 3. S. antlrrhinoides.
Corolla 16 to 25 mm. long: upper leaves linear or narrow, acute
at base - 4. iS". angustifolia.
1. Scutellaria lateriflora L. Sp. PI. 2: 598. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Canada, Virginia."
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, , latitude 49°, Lijcdl : Whatcom County,
Sul-sdorf 1001; Loomis, Elmer 612; Seattle, Piper in 1885.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Scutellaria galericulata L. Sp. V\. 2: 599. 1753.
Type loc.vlity: EuiopeatL
Range: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Arizona, Nebraska, and North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Mount Constitu-
tion, Henderson, ivAy 'i,\S92\ Falcon Valley, (Swfodor/" 473; ^a%ou Cveek, Sandherg & Leiherg
619; Mission, Kreager, August 21, 1902; WWbnr, H end er son,. lu]y 12, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake
cfc Hull, August, 1892; Marsliall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Mission, Kreager 492.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Scutellaria antirrhinoides Benth. Lab. 440. 1834.
Type locality: " Prope arcem Vancouver ad ripas Columbiae." Collected by Scouler.
Range: Oregon, California, Nevada, and ? Washington.
We have seen no Washington specimens of this species, though Fort Vancouver is given
as the type locality. All recent Washington specimens referred to S. antirrhinoides are
S. angustifolia.
4. Scutellaria angustifolia Pursh. Fl. 2: 412. 1S]4.
Type locality: "On the river Kooskoosky." Collected l)v Lewis, the exact spot oppo-
site Kamiali, Idaho.
Range; British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sttksdorf 54; Naches, Lyall in 1860;
Douglas County, Spilbnan, May 27, 1896; Spokane, Henderson, May, 1892; Pullman, Lake
d' Hull 598; Piper 1570; Wawawai, Lake 598; Spokane, Ivreager 10.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 489
AGASTACHE.
Leaves green on both sides 1. ^4. urlicifolia.
Leaves white beneath 2. A. Occident alis.
1. Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 339. 1900.
Lophantus urticifolius Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: under pi. 1282. 1829.
Type locality: "Fiom the north-west const of America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Rattlesnake Mountains, S uh'//// in
1861 ; Medical Lake, Henderson.
. Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
PRUNELLA.
1. Prunella vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 2: 600. 1753. Healall.
Prunella vulgaris major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 114. 1838.
Type locality: European.
Range: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, £Zmer 2544; Humptulips, Zam& 1205; Muckle-
shoot, Dr. Ruhn; Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Silverton, L'owc^- 145; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Peshastin, Sandherg & Lieherg 541; west Klickitat County,
Siiksdorf 1445; Skamania County, 5'mA-sJo//2244; North Yakima, TFa«, August, 1895; Ket-
tle Falls, Watson 332; Tukan6n River, LaJce <& Hull, July 1, 1892; Pullman, Hull 604;
Clarks Springs, Kreager 128; Mabton, Griffiths cfc Cotton 570.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
MARRUBITJM.
1. Marrubium vulgare L. Sp. PI. 2: 583. 1753. Horehound.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Alinota, Lake d- Hull 596. A conunon weed in most parts of the
State.
490 CONTEIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HEECxVRTUM.
PHYSOSTEGIA.
1. Physostegia parviflora Nutt; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 3S3. 1878.
Type locality: "Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to Oregon and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mauntains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Lindsleys, Hen-
derson, September 9, 1892; Kettle Falls, Watson 333; Chelan, Elmer 486; Lake Chelan,
LaJce & Hull 688; Lake Kalispel, Kr eager 320; Mission, Kreager 483.
Zonal disteibution : Transition.
LAMIUM.
1. Lamium amplexicaule L. Sp. J'l. 2: .579. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Wawawai, Pipir 30f)7.
STACHYS.
Upper leaves sessile, the lower short-petioled 1. »S. palustris.
Upper leaves not sessile, the lower long-petioled.
Corolla tube little longer than the calyx, calyx lobes subulate-
aristulate 2. S. hullata.
Corolla tube twice as long as the cah'x.
Leaves thick, tomentose and reticulate beneath 3. S. chamissonis.
Leaves thin, not tomentose.
Corolla 20 mm. long; calyx glabrous or sparsely hirsute;
leaves subcordate 4. .S'. c'lUatn.
Corolla 12 mm. long; calyx soft-villous: leaves mostly
cordate 5. S. pubens.
1. Stachys palustris L. Sp. PL 2: 580. 1753.
'Type locality: European.
Range: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LijaJl in 18.59; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 55; Vancouver, Suksdorf 222(\\ Alma, Elmer 541 ; Parker, Dunn, August
8, 1901; Coulee City, Henderson 2533; Rock Lake, Lale & Hull 599; Medical Lake, Hen-
derson 2532; Spokane, Piper; Union Flat, Lalce c& Hull; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 449;
Spokane, Kreager 541 ; Mission, Kreager 487; Meyers Falls, Kreager 471.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Stachys bullata Bcnth. Lab. 547. 1834.
Type locality: "Hab. in California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Lindsleys, Clarke County, /7en(?er,w7i in 1892; Vancouver, .S'd Z-.*-
dorf222C3; Cape Horn, Sulsdorf, August 19, 1894.
Zonal dlsthibution: Humid Transition.
3. Stachys chamissonis Bontli. Linnaoa 6: SO. 1831.
Type locality: California.
Range: California to Wa.shington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf, 665, 666, 84.
Tiiese specimens are rather intermediate between ciliata and chamissonis. They are
possibly referable to S. jlaccida Eastwood, o but that species is known as yet only from the
type specimen.
(' Bull. Ton-. Club 29: SO. 1902.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 491
4. Stachys ciliata Doiigl.; Bonth. Lai). 539. 1832-36.
Sfachys cooleyae Holler, Bull. Torr. Club 26: SCK). 1899.
Type locality: "Hab. in America boreali-occidentali: ad ripas Ouinini.s Colunibiae;
Do iiglas; Scouler. ' '
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Speclmens examined: Montesano, Heller 3960; Chehalis County, Henderson 2531;
Clallam County, Elmer 2543; Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Seattle, Piper 178; Mount Adams, SuhsdorfG67; Tacoma, Fleit
121; Lake Quinault, Lam?> 1285; Skokomi.sh River, .S'mcawZ; NLsqually Valley, Allen 131;
Skamanisi County, SuJcsdorf, August 10, 1886; Goose 'Lakc,Flett 1204; Peshastin, 5'aw//';err/
(& Leiherg 503; Fort Vancouver, roZ/Hie; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1 899; Ellensburg, £'Zmer
498; Whited 399; Atanum Soda Spxings, Waif: Union Gap, Cotton 490; Nason City, Sand-
herg A Leiherg; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
The leaves vary from nearly glabrous (typical) to soft-pilose but scarcely tomentose.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Stachys pubens (A. Gray) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 581. 1898.
Slachiis ciliata puhens A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 388. 1878.
Stachtjs emersoni Piper, Erythea 6: 31. 1898.
Type locality: "Washington Terr, to Fraser River."
Range: Washington and British Columbia near the coast."
Speclmens examined: Montesano, Heller 3902; Hoquiam, iMinb 1138; Ilwaco, Sarnge
9; Ocean Beach, Henderson in 1886; without locality, Cooper in 1854; Ilwaco, Piper 4990,
4919; Port Crescent, Lawrence 281a.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
LYCOPUS.
Plants not stoloniferous; calyx teeth triangular-cuspidate longer than
the nutlet 3. L. amrricanus.
Plants stoloniferous at base.
Calyx teeth subulate longer than the nutlet; leaves sharply .serrate. . 1. L. lucidns.
Calyx teeth obtuse, shorter than the nutlet 2. L. unijhinis.
1. Lycopuslucidus Turcz.; DC. Prod. 12: 178. 1848.
Lycopus lucidus americanus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 286. 1870.
Type locality: "In montibus Ircutiae."
Range: Washington to California, Kansas, and Saskatchewan.
Specimens examined: Coulee City, Lake <& Hull 600; Rock Lake, Lake d' Hull (iOO;
Spokane County, Suksdorf m\\ Mabton, Cotton 749.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Lycopus unifiorus Michx. Fl. 1: 14. 1818.
Lycopus macrophyllus Benth. Lab. 185. 1833.
Lycopus communis Bicknell in Britton, Man. 803. 1901.
Type locality: "Hab. ad Lacus S- Joannis et Mistassins."
Range: British Columbia and Oregon to Labrador and Florida.
Specimens examined: Tacoma, Flett 15; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Falcon
Valley, 5;/I's(Zo?/ 1439; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-59; Copalis, (Umarr
405.
This species has heretofore been referred to L. virginicus L. and thus appears in Suks-
dorf's list.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Lycopus americanus Muhl.; Bart. Fl. Phila. Prod. 12. 1815.
Lycopus sinuatus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 26. 1816.
Type locality: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
492 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Lakeview, Henderson, July 25, 1892; Ellensburg, Whiied 566,
1450; North Yakima, Watt August, 1895; Henderson, June 18, 1892; Ahna, Elmer 543;
Rock Lake, Lalce & Hull 602; Spokane, Piper, October 1, 1900; Usk, Ereager 354; Seattle,
Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
MENTHA. Mint.
Whorls of flowers all axillary 3. M. cavadensis.
Whorls of flowers in terminal spikes, or some in the upper axils.
Leaves lanceolate, sessile or nearh' so; spikes slender 1. M. sficata.
Leaves ovate, petioled ; spikes thick 2. M. citrafa.
1. Mentha spicata L. Sp. PI. 2: 576. 1753. Spearmint.
Type locality: ''Habitat in Dania, Germania, Anglia, Gallia."
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt August, 1895: White Salmon, Sulsdotf.
la. Mentha spicata viridis L. vSp. I'l. 2: 576. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper: Vancouver, Piper; White Salmon, Svhtdnrf.
2. Mentha citrata Ehrh. Beitr. 7: 150. 1792.
Type locality: " Europa."
Specimens exa.mined: Tacoma, Flett 155.
3. Mentha canadensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 577. 1753.
Type locality: " IIal)itat in Canada."
Range: British Columl)ia to New Brunswick, south to California and Virginia.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2545; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Tacoma,
Flett 874; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August 6, 1892; McKay 16; North Yakima, Watt
August, 1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Meyers Falls, Kreager 506; Spokane,
Dewart, July 15, 1901; Piper, September 1, 1900; Prosser, Cotton 654; Clealum Lake,
Cotton 842; Mabton, Cotton 748.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3a. Mentha canadensis borealis (Michx.).
Mentha borealis Michx. Fl. 2: 2. 1803.
Mentha canadensis glabrata Benth. Lab. 181. 1833.
Mentha arvensis perardi Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss 3: 215. 1895.
Ty'PE locality: "Hab. juxta amncs ad sinum Iludsonis defluentes."
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Chchalis River, Lamh 1235; Silverton, Bouck 146a; Skamania
County, Suksdorf 1000; Falcon Valley, Snhsdorf 663, 664; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Lake
Chelan, Lake cfc Hull 601; Pullman, Lake & Hull 601; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Kreager 481; 557, 446; Seattle, Piper, August, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3b. Mentha canadensis lanata (Piper).
Mentha arvensis lanata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 223. 1902.
Type locality: Parrott, Lincoln County, Washington. Collected by Lake & Hull.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August 5, 1892; Parrott, Lake &
Hidl 603; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 601; Newport, Kreager, Augu.st 11, 1902; Mount
Cai-Jton, Kreager 29.5.
PIPEK FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 493
MICROMERIA.
1. Micronieria chamissonis (Boiith.) Gieone, Man. Bay Reg. 289. 1894.
Ykkba buena.
Micromeria douglasii Bentli. Lab. 372. 1834.
Thymus? douglasii Beiitli. Liniiaoa 6: 80. 1831.
Thymus? chamissonis Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831.
Type locality: California.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude i\)°,Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 23; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper; Woodlavvn, Henderson,
June 22, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Lake Kalispel, Kreayer 349.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
MADRONELLA.
Leaves narrowly oblong, green on l)oth sides_ _ 3. J/, odorutis.sima
Leaves ovate-lanceolate.
Paler beneath; nerves not prominent I.J/, discolor.
Not paler beneath; nerves prominent _ 2. M . nervosa.
1. Madronella discolor Greene, Leaflets 1: 169. KKJO.
Monardella discolor Greene, Pittonia 2: 24. IS89.
Type locality: "Near Clealum, Washington." Collected by Greene.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Clealum, Greene, August 14, 1889; EUensburg, Elmer 373;
Whited 547; without locality, Vasey, in 1889; Yakima, Brandegee; "coast prairies,"
Cooper; Blount Rainier, Piper 2078(0-
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Madronella nervosa Greene, Leaflets 1 : KiO. 190(3.
Monardella nervosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 322. 1901.
Type locality: "The arid region of Eastern Washington." Collected by Sandbeig &
Leiberg.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandhery ct- Leiberg, in 1893; Okanogan County,
Whlfed 195; White Bluif Feny, Lake ct- Hull 705; Tampico, Hender.son 2527; Cowiche
Creek, Cotton 464; Alkali Lake, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 413; Yakima, Howell; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 760.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Madronella odoratissima Greene, Leaflets 1: 168. 1906.
Monardella odoratissima Benth. Lab. 332. 1832-36.
Type locality: "In petrosis ad flumen Columbia et in riipibus alpestribus in montibus
White Mountains." CoUected by Douglas.
Range: Wa.shington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, L*iper 2078; Meyers Falls, Kreayer 499.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
MELISSA.
1. Melissa officinalis L. Sp. PI. 2: 592. 1753. Balm.
Type locality: "Habitat in montil)us Genevensibus, Allobrogicis, Italicis."
This plant is reported as escaped from gardens in Klickitat County, Sitksdorf.
494 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SCROPHULARIACEAE. FiCxWORT Family.
Antheriferous stamens 5; leaves alternate Veubascum (p. 494.)
Antheriferous stamens 2 or 4; leaves opposite or alternate.
Fifth sterile stamen present.
Corolla spurred at base Linaria (p. 495).
Corolla not spurred.
Sterile stamens represented by a gland or scale on
the upper side of the coiolla tube-
Peduncles several-flowered Scrophularia (p. 495).
Peduncles 1-flowered.
Corolla conspicuously l)ilabiate Collinsia (p. 495).
Corolla nearly rotate Tonella (p. 496).
Sterile stamen elongated.
Seeds wingless; anthers woolh' or glabrous .... Pentstemon (p. 497).
Seeds winged; anthers woolly Chelone (p. 503).
Fifth sterile stamen wanting.
Stamens 4, 2 antheriferous, 2 sterile.
Sterile filaments 2-forked, exserted Iltsanthes (p. 503).
Sterile filaments simple, included Gratiola (p. 503).
Stamens all antheriferous.
Stamens 2.
Calyx 5-parted Gratiola (p. 503) .
Calyx 4-parted.
Leaves alternate, mostly basal Synthyris (p. 504).
Leaves opposite, at least the lower Veronica (p. 505).
Stamens 4.
Corolla nearly regular; leaves entire Limosella (p. 507).
Corolla 2-lipped.
* Stamens not inclosed in the upper lip.
Leaves opposite; calyx prismatic. . . . Mimulus (p. 507).
Leaves alternate; calyx campanulate. Digitalis (p. 519).
Stamens included in the upper lip.
Anther cells equal, parallel.
Ovules 2 in each cell Mel.a.mpy-rum (p. 511).
Ovules many.
Calyx inflated in fruit; leaves
opposite Rhinantuus (p. 511).
Calyx not inflated; leaves
alternate or verticillate ... Pedicul.\ris (p. 511).
Anther cells unequal.
Lips of corolla unecjuai, the upper
larger Castilleja (p. 513).
Lips of corolla subequal.
Calyx lips cleft Orthocarpus (p. 510).
Calyx lip.s entire Adexostegia (p. 518).
VERBASCUM.
Leaves large, densely woolly : flowers spicate 1. V. fJiaffiUfi.
Leaves glabrous, or nearly so; flowers racemose 2. V. blattaria.
1. Verbascum thapsus L. Sp. PI. 1: 177. 1753. Mullein.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined; Whatcom County, (?a7-(/r«';' 409; North Yakima, Pi;;fr; Puyallup,
Piper; Pullman, Piper.
PIPER FLCRA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 495
2. Verbascum blattaria L. Sp. PI. 1: 17S. 1753. Moth millein.
Type locality: Europca:'..
Specimens examined: Manor, Pijnr, July 14, 1899; Concuiuilly, Wliifnl 1311; Wuils-
l)urg, Horner, July 25, 1896; Moye s Falls, Krcagcr 470.
LINARIA.
Flowers yellow, 25 to 30 mm. long 1. L. liiKiria.
Flowers blue, 6 to 8 mm. long 2. L. canadensis.
i. Linaria linaria (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 947. 1880-83. Buttek-anu-eggs.
Anfirrhlnuiii linaria L. Sp. PI. 2: 616. 1753.
Linaria vulgaris Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 1768.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europac ruderatis."
Specimens examined: Woodlawo, i/grw^erson, June 22, 1892; Waitsburg, Homer 383;
Pullman, Piper; Meyers Falls, Beattie cfc Chapman 2235.
2. Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumort. Bot. Cult. 2: 96. 1802.
Antirrhinum canadense L. Sp. PI. 2: 618. 1753.
.Ty'pe locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Canada."
Range: British Columbia to California, east to Nova Scotia and Florida.
Specimens examined: Alki Point, Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Woodlawn, Hender-
son; without locality. Cooper; La Camas, Henderson.
An infrequent plant in Washington, but according tu Douglas "plentiful between I'Yirt
Vancouver and the Grand Rapids."
Zonal distribution: Humid' Transition.
SCROPHULARIA.
1. Scropiiularia calif ornica Cham. Linnaea 2: 585. 1827. Figw^ort.
Type locality': San Francisco, California.
Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4003; Hoquiam, Lamh 1224; Olympia, Kin-
caid; Goose Lake, Flett 1155; west Klickitat County, Suhsdorf, June 4, 1886; Skamania
County, Suhsdorf 997: Eliensburg, Whiied 688; Pullman, Elmer 879; Piper, July 21, 1894;
Granville, Conard 339; Ilwaco Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
A variable species as here understood and possil)ly consisting of several. The specimens
from near the seacoast are quite f^esh3^
COLLINSIA.
Calyx lobes obtuse ; inflorescence glandular 4. 6'. rattani.
Calyx lobes acute; inflorescence not glandular.
Filaments hairy at base; calyx lobes much longer than the
tube and much exceeding the capsule; pedicels mostly
soUtary 1. C. sjxtrsijlora.
Filaments glabrous; calyx lobes scarcely longer than the
tube and little exceeding the capsule; pedicels mostly in
whorls.
Tube of corolla longer than the limb; corolla 5 to 7
mm. long 2. ('. fenella.
Tube of corolla shorter than the limb; corolla 8 to 16
mm. long.
Corolla 12 to 16 mm. long; pedicels deflexed in
fruit 3. C. (jrandijlora .
Corolla 8 to 10 mm. long; pedicels erect in fruit. . 3a. C. grandiflora pusilla.
496 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
1. Collinsia sparsiflora Fisch. & Mcy. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 33. 1835.
Type locality: "Ilab. circa coloniam ruthenoruni Ross in Nova California."
Range: California to Klickitat County, Washington.
Speclmens examined: White Salmon, 5'i/it6(7or/ 298.
2. Collinsonia tenella (Pursh).
Antirrhinum tenellum Pursh, Fl. 1: 421. 1814.
Collinsia jxirvijlora Dough; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. 1082. 1827.
Collinsia pauciflora Lindl.; Hook. FL Bor. Am. 2: 94. 1838.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri", according to Pursh, but really from
" Rockford Camp " [The Dalles of the Columbia]. Collected by Lewis.
Range: British Columl)ia to Lake Superior, Colorado, and California.
Specewens examined: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Puget Sound, Cooper;
Olympisi, Henderson, May 24, 1892; South Prairie, Lizzie Hardy, M&y 23, 1890; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf; Tampico, Flett 1183; Pasco, Hindshaw 28; Spokane Valley, Lyall;
Nason Creek, Sandberg & Lieberg 621; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 31; Pullman,
Hull 574; Piper 1656 and June 14, 1893; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 327; Clallam
County, Elmer 2586; Clarks Springs, Ereager 75.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Collinsia grandiflora Dough; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1107. IS27.
Type locality: "Banks of the Columbia River at a distance uf one hundred miles or
more from the ocean." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Cokunbia to California, and in north Idaho.
Specimens examined: Orcas Island, Lyall in 18.58; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858;
Steilacoom, Cooper; Piper in 1888; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; Falcon Valley,
Suhsdorf; mountains near Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Fort Vancouver,
Garry, April, 1826; Cape Horn, Piper 5004.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3a. Collinsia grandiflora pusilla A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 2.5(}. 1878.
Collinsia pusilla Howell, Fl. N. W. .Vm. 506. 1901.
Type locality: Plumas County, California.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 227; Tacoma, Flett 44; Olympia, Ein-
caid,3\x\y 4, 1896; Goat Mountains, Allen 240: Skokomish Valley, Eincaid, May 6, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Collinsia rattani A. Gray, Syn. Fl. cd. 2. 2' : 439. 1886.
Type locality: Mendocino County, California.
Range: North California to Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 24, 1886; White Salmon,
Suksdorf 301; Simcoe Mountains, Houvll, June, 1879.
Collinsia minima Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 47. 1834. Type locality, "Flat Head
River." Collected by Wyeth. Range, Washington and Idaho. Specimens examined.
Fort Colville, Lyall, March 30, 1861. This is perhaps not distinct from C. tenella, but the
flowers are decidedly larger. More material is needed.
TONELLA.
Corolla 6 to 10 mm. broad l.T. foribunda.
Corolla 2 to 3 mm. broad 2. T. collinsoioides .
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 497
1. Tonella floribunda A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 92. 1876.
Type locality: " Willow thickets of the valley of the Kooskooskeo, in the western part
of Idaho." Collect.ed by Spalding and by Geyer.
R.4NGE: Western Idaho and adjacent Oregon and Washington.
Specimens Ex.^tMiNEo: Without locality, Brandecjee 1003; AIniota, Piper 1655; Wawa-
wai, Lahe 575; Elmer 103; Asotin Creek, Hunter 92.
ZoN.\L distribction; Upper Sonoran.
2. Tonella coUinsioides Xutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 378. 186S.
CoUinsia teneUa Benth.; DC. Prod. 10: 593. 1846, not C. tenelJa (Pursh) Piper.
Tonella tenella Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 5. 1900.
Ty'pe locality: "In sylvis juxta flum. Oregon." Collected In- Nuttall.
Range: California to Washington, in the coast region.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suhselorf, April 27, 1881, May 12, 1895;
Lyle, SuJcsdorf, April 14, 1890.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PENTSTEMON. Wild foxglove.
Anthers woolly.
Foliage glaucous.
Branches erect; leaves oblong to ovate, sessile, gla-
brous ; corolla lilac-purple I. P. harreftae.
Branches prostrate; leaves broadly ovate, petioled,
puberulent; corolla rose-crimson 2. P. nijncola.
Foliage green, not glaucous.
Plants prostrate or decumbent; leaves small, oval to
orbicular; flowering stems 5 to 20 cm. high.
Leaves serrate 3. P. numieftii.
Leaves entire 3a. P. incmicsii (laridsonii.
Plants usually erect, taller; leaves narrow.
Leaves lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, not re-
duced on the flowering stems 4. P. h/allii.
Leaves lanceolate, acute, entire or serrate, much
reduced on the flowering stems.
Calyx lobes lanceolate, 0.5 to 1 cm. long. . . 5. P.fruficosiis.
Calyx lobes subulate-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5
cm. long 0. P. scoiileri.
Anthers not woolly.
Cells of the anthers .splitting their whole length or nearly
the whole.
Plants glabrous, more or less glaucous.
Leaves coriaceous, the upper acuminate ; corolla
1.5 to 2 cm. long - 7. P. (icuminafus.
Leaves not coriaceous, none acuminate; corolla
2.5 to 4 cm. long S. P. nt tlircnigh-
out 12. P. pntinosus.
Herbage glabrous or nearly so.
Calyx lobes glandular 13. P. pinetorum.
Calyx lobes not glandular 14. P. ovatus.
Margins of the leaves entire.
Herbage puberulent throughout.
Leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate. .. . 15. P. colUniis.
Leaves linear or linear-spatulate.
Corolla tubular-fumiclform 19. P. gairdnen.
- Corolla gaping 19a. P. gairdneri Mans.
Herbage glabrous.
Floweis 2 to 2. .5 mm. long.
J Corolla blue 16. P. procerus.
Corolla pale yellow 17. P. confertus.
Flowers 3 to 3.5 mm. long 18. P. aftenuatus.
Cells of the anthers splitting only at apex, the bases
sac-like.
Leaves glandular-pubescent 20. P. glandulosus.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Inflorescence glandular: corolla 3 cm. long 21. P. venusdi.';.
Inflorescence not glandular; corolla smaller.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, often in whorls
of 3; corolla purple, 10 to 13 nun. long.. 24. P. iriphijllus.
Leaves broader, oblong or ovate; corolla
larger.
Corolla red, 20 to 25 mm. long; leaves
coarsely dentate or lobed 22. P. richardsonii.
Corolla blue, 15 to 20 mm. long; leaves
finely serrate or dentate 23. P. diffusus.
1. Pentstemon barrettae A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 440. 1886.
Type i.ocwi.rrv: " Moimtains of Hood River, Oregon, near its confluence with theCoJum-
Ijia." Collected b}' Mrs. Barrett.
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon near the Columbia River.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Siik.'stwarcl.
Specimens examined; Upper Niscjually Valley, Allen 16; Mount Rainier, Piper 2068;
Clallam County, Elmer 2576; Cape Horn, Piper 5033.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
15. Pentstemon coUinus A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Clul) 25: 279. 1898.
Type locality: Evanston, Wyoming.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: EUenshurg, Whited 430; Piper, May 20, 1897; Tampico, Flrtt
1181; Falcon Valley, Suh/-3093; Elmer 807: Bkie Mountains, //o/7)er 384; Pip?-
in 1896; DougJas: Yakima County, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Mount kd&ms, Henderson
August 9, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1295.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This species is exceedingly variable as to color of the flower. While pale yellow is perhaps
the commonest tint, it varies from pink to dull red, lavender to violet, pale blue to dark blue
and to white. Occasionally all these color forms occur in close proximity.
19. Pentstemon gairdneri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 99. 18.38.
Type locality: "Blue Mountains of N. W. America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache Region, firarKfe^ee 1007 ; Wenache, WM/erf 1084; Egbert
S^vmgs, Sandberg & Leiherg'ibo; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall; Simcoe Moun-
tains, Hovell 344 and July, 1880; Cleveland, Suksdorf 413; upper Naches River, Hender-
son, June 1.5, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; without locality, Howell
May, 1891.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoraiu
19a. Pentstemon gairdneri hians Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 396. 1900.
Type locality: Easleni Washington. Collected by G. R. Vasey.
Rancje: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited .36; Ellensburg, Piper 2702; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1294.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
20. Pentstemon glandulosus Dough; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pi. 1262. 1829.
Type locality: " In the Rocky Mts., Lat. 47° N. and at the base of the Blue Mts., on the
banks of the Kooskooskee River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Interior of Washington and Oregon and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Near Wenache, Whited .30, 1082; Klickitat County, Hoivell, June,
1879; Yakim&V&Wey, Brandegee 1008; Whitman County opposite Claikston, /ZuTi^e/-; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889; Simcoe Mountains, Hoivell, July, 1881.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
21. Pentstemon venustus Dough; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pi. 1.309. 18.30.
Type locality: "Gravell}' channels of rivulets of the l^luc Mnuiitains and near the
source of the Walla Walla River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Blue Mountains and adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Lake d; Hull 712; Piper, .hi]y, 1896; Asotin
Creek, Hunter 97; Waitsburg, Horner.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
22. Pentstemon richardsonii Dough; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. U21. 1827.
Type locality: "On bare dry rocks in the vicinity of the Columbia and its branches."
Collected by Lewis.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Specimens exa.mined: Ellensburg, Elmer 40.5; Whited .572; Wenache, Whited in 1896,
1300; North Yakima, Piper, July 9, 1897; Egbert Springs, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 345; Ata-
num Springs, Watt, August, 189.5; Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg, July, 1893; Cape
Horn, Suksdorf 2:il9; Parker, Dunn, August 10, 1901 ; Kettle Falls, Watson 300; Columbia
River above the Chelan River, Watson; Fresh Lake, McKay 12; Spokane County, Mrs.
Tucker; Spokane, Piper, July 26, 1896; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; with-
without locality, Cooper; Marcus, Kreager 464.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 503
23. Pentstemon diflfusus Dougl.: Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1132. 1828.
Type locality: "In the districts around the mouth of the Cokuiil)ia River." Collected
by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the coa.st region.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2178; Mount Elinor, Jennie V . Getty,
August, 1902; Mount Rainier, Piper 2068; Goat Mountains, Allen 129; Mount Adams,
SitJcsdorf 48; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU; Goo.se Lake, Fleit 1157; Baldy Peak,
Lamh 1369; Silverton, 5o)/ri' 143; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 17, 1892; Skagit Pass,
Lake c& Hull, August, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 787; Stehekin, Whited
1386; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 12, 1892; along Twisp River, Whited 218; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 638; Clallam County, Elmer 258."); Stehekin, OriffitU d- Cotton G09, 610; (\ipe
Horn, Piper 5032.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
24. Pentstemon triphyllus Dougl.: Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: />/ UJf'). 1829.
Type locality: "On decomposed dry granite, or schist rocks, on the Blue Mounlains of
North-west America."
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: "Boundary N. W. Coa.st," Cooper; Columbia Valley, iya/^ in
1860; Rockland, .S'uA-.vr/o// 998; Palouse River, LyaR, i\\\y, 1860; Snake River, Brandegee
1010; Almota, Piper 1865; Wawawai, Lal'e d- Hull 710.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
CHELONE.
1. Chelone nemorosa Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Keg. 14: pi. 1211. 1829. Turtlehead.
Chelone raniosa Dougl.; Hook. F'l. Bor. Am. 2: 95. 1838.
Pentstemon nemorosus Trautv. Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 5: 345. 1839.
Type locality: "A native of mountain woods, near springs and rivulets, in the north-
west of North America." Collected by Douglas.
Range; British Columbia to north California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Snoqualmie, Parker; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2080; Allen 275; Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Elett 1153;
Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1887; without locality, Vui^ey in 1889; Clallam County,
Elmer2575; SkokomishRiver, Ziricau/, June, 1892; StampedeTunnel,/7en(/ens'07i, July, 1892.
Zonal dlstributio.v: Canadian and HudsoniaiK
ILYSANTHES.
1. Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnhart, Bull. T..ir. Club. 26: 376, 1899.
Gratiola dubia L. Sp. PI. 17. 1753.
Ilysanthes graiioloides Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 419. 1846.
Capraria graiioloides L. vSp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 876. 17(53.
Type locality; Virginia.
Range: Washington to California and Canada to Texas and Florida.
Speclmens examined: Green Lake, Piper 2864; west Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 2\92,
1473; Parkei, Dunn, Augu.st 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, Lake dt Hull, August 12, 1892, VVaits-
burg, Horner o9^\ Almota, Piper 2()5S; Toppenish, Grijfiths d' Cotton 797.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran and Transition.
GRATIOLA.
Calyx with a pair of bracts equaling the calyx lobes \. G. rirginiann.
Calyx bract less 2. G. eliracnaia.
1. Gratiola virginiana L. Sp. PI. 1; 17. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia. '
Range; British Columbia to Canada, south to Califoinia, Texas, and Florida.
504 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Wliiicd 691; Toppcnish, Henderson, May 28, 1892;
Lindleys, Henderson, June 9, 1892; Kalama, Piper, October 31,1901; Somas, Lyall in
1858-59; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake <& Hull, August 12, 1892; Manor, Piper,
July 14, 1899; Spokane, Piper 2641; Pullman, Piper 1664; Hull 70S; without loeality,
Vasetj in 1889; Lake Kalispel, Kreaejer 318; Vancouver, Piper 5025.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Gratiola ebracteata Benth.; A. DC. Prod. 10: 595. 1846.
Type locality: "In planitiebus tenae Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens e.xamined: Tacoma, Flett 472; Roslyn, Whited 472.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
SYNTHYRIS.
Flowers in spikes; leaves n5t reniform-orbicular.
Petals wanting ; leaves ovate, crenate 1. S. ruhra.
Petals present ; leaves cleft into narrow segments 2. S. pinnalifida.
Flowers in racemes; leaves reniform-orbicular.
Petals laciniately incised 3. S. schizantha.
Petals entire.
Scapes weak, usually shorter than (he (hin leaves. 4. S. rolundifolia.
.Scapes stout, exceeding the thick leaves 5. S. reniformis.
1. Synthyris rubra (Dougl.) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 454. 1846.
Gyrnnandra ruhra Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 103. 1838.
Besseya rubra Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 2S(). 1903.
Type locality: "Banks of M'Gillivray's and Flathead Rivers, near the Kettle Falls of
the Columbia, and in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oiegon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; near Rockford, Watson; Rock Lake,
Sandberg <& Leiberg, May, 1893; Waterville, Whited 1221; Spokane County, Suksdorf 422;
lia.ngn)a.n Cveek, Sandberg (& Leiberg 58; Pullman, P/pe/' 1658; Elmer 166; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 24.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Synthyris pinnatifida lanuginosa subsp. nov.
Densely appi'cssed white-woolly. Otherwise as in the species.
Collected in gravelly soil in the Olympic Mountains at 1,650 meters altitude, August 30,
1898, by J. B. Flett (no. 815). The occurence ol the subspecies so far detached liom its
related species of the Rocky Mountains seems remarkable. It may be expected to turn up
in the Cascade Mountains, possibly with intermediate^ character of pubescence. The type is
deposited in the National Herbarium.
3. Synthyris schizantha Piper, Bull. Ton. Club 29: 223. 1902.
Type locality: Bakly IVak, Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Baidy Peak, Land) 1343; Conard 301, mountains of Lewis
County near Elbe, Fte't 2744.
4. Synthyris rotundifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 285. 1878.
T-iPE locality. "Oiegon, in shady woods of the Columbia and Willamette."
Range. Washington and Oregon in the coast legion.
Specimens examined Chehaiis, Gardner 240, Skamania County, Suksdorf 1474; west
Klickitat County, i9?/A-,sf/rtr/, Fort Vancouvci, Wilcox; Piper 4922.
Zonal distribution, llumid Transilion.
PTPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 505
5. Synthyris reniformis (Dousl.) Booth, in DO. Prod. 10: 454. 1846.
Wulfenia n'niformi-: Dousl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 102. /)/. 71. 1838.
Type locality: "Common about the Grand Rapid.s of the Columbia and in the valiies
of the Blue Mountains."
RANescent; petals blue; leaves crenate.
Pedicels short; upper leaves reduced 1. I^. ai'ivnsis.
Pedicels long; upper leaves not reduced 10. V. touvnefort'n.
Glabrous or nearly so; petals white; leaves mostly entire 2. V . pcregrina.
Perennials; flowers in racemes.
Peduncles terminal.
Capsules elliptic, I'marginate; leaves all sessile.
Leaves shorter than the intenunles; corolla 5 to 6 mm.
broad 3. F. alplna.
Leaves longer than the internodes; corolla (J to 10 mm.
broad.
Corolla 8 to 10 mm. broad, blue 4. V . cusicl-ii.
Corolla C) to 7 mm. broad, white .5. V. allenii.
Capsules orbicular, obcordate; lower leaves petioled 6. 1'. serpi/lli folia.
Peduncles axillary.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; capsule deeply notched 9. V. ■scutcUata.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate; capsule with a shallow
notch.
Cauline leaves sessile or soiiKnvhaf <'lasping. 7. V. arKKiallis-
aquatica.
Cauline leaves short-pet ioled 8. V. atnciicana.
1. Veronica arvensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 13. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Pi'/jrr, July 10, 189.5; Lower Cascades, iS'h^-.si/o//,- Waits-
l)urg, Horner 601; Wawawai, Piper 3825.
2. Veronica peregrina L. Sp. PI. 1: 14. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California and Florida.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, fi'Zme/' 2591; west Klickitat County, Suh-idorf
1478; Ellensburg, Whited 653; Tampico, Fhif 1185; Columbia R'wei; Lyall; Hangman
Creek, Sandherg d' Leiberg 67: Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Hull 578; without locality
Vasey in 1889: Mount Carlton, Kreager 154; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 334.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
3. Veronica alpina L .Sp. PI. 1:11. 1753.
Veronica ivonnskioldii Roem. & Schiilt. Syst. 1: 101. 1817.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpibus Europae." ,
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and New England.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lya// in 1859; Silvcrton, i?owct 143a ; Mount Rainier, /^/f// 243; Pi7)«-2083:
Allen 277; Mount Stuart, Ehner 1121; Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892;
Klickitat River, Flett 1154; Stevens Pass, Sandherg ct Leiherg 710.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
506 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Verorica cusickii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2>: 288. 1878.
Type locality: "Alpine region of the Blue Mountains," Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2587; Mount Rainier, Allen 95; Pifer
2084; Paradise Valley, Flett 269; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Mount
Stuart, Brandegee 1019; Horseshoe Basin, Lake cfe Hull 580; Bridge Creek, EltKer 661.
Zonal ulstrirution: Arctic.
5. Veronica allenii Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 263. 1898.
Type locality: "Along Paradise River on Mt. Rainier, altitude 1,700 ni." Collected
by O. D. Allen.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 95a.
6. Veronica serpyllifolia humifusa (Dickson) Hook. Fl. Bor. \m. 2: 101. 1838.
Veronica hionifusa Dickson, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 2S8. 1794.
Type locality: Scotland.
Range: Alaska to California, Colorado, and New England.
Specimens examined: San Juan Island, Lyall 1858: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898;
Silverton, Bouclc 138; Mount Adams, Sulcsdo)'/ 598; Skamania Count}^ Suksdorf 1477;
mountains south of Ellensburg, Whiied 729; without locality, Henderson, May 24, 1892;
Spokane Valley, Lyall; without locality, Vaseij in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 249.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
7. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Sp. PI. 1: 12. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860.
8. Veronica americana Schwein.: DC. Prod. 10: 468. 1846.
Type locality: "In America boreali a Canada et Carolina usriuc ad Hum. Oregon et in
ins. Sitcha."
Range: Alaska to California and the Atlantic States.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bond-
138a, 138b; Tacoma, Flelt 163; Skamania County, SvJcsdotf 14«0; Columbus, Siilcsdorf;
Klickitat River, Flett 1160; Egbert Springs, Sandherg & Leiherg 368; Wenache, Whited;
Ellensburg, Whited 492; Toppenish, Henderson, May, 1892; Cold Creek, Cotton 3v:6;
Tieton River, Co«on 446; Grand Coulee, i/cZoy 15; Coulee City, Lake (& Hull 581; Tuka-
non River, Lake d Hull, July 1, 1892; Wawawai, Lake c& Hull, June 4, 1892; Pullman,
Piper, July, 1901 ; without locality, Vasey in 1889: Claiks Springs, Kreager 53.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoian and Transition.
9. Veronica scutellata L. Sp. PI. 1: 12. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Quebec, south to California, Minnesota, and New York.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Muckleshoot Prairie, Z)/. /i" (/An.- Nisqually Valley,. 4//fri 228; west
Klickitat County, Suksdoif\47Q-, Ellensburg, Whited 562,849; Toppenish, Henderson, May
28, 1892; Pullman, Piper, July 3, 1894; without locality, Fasei/ in 1889; Usk, Kreager 357;
Satus, Cotton 1135.
Zonal distribution: tapper .Sonoian and Tiansition.
10. Veronica tournefortii Gmel. I'l. Bad. 1: 39. 1805.
Veronica buxhaumii Tenore, Fl. Nap. 1: 7. pi. 1. ISll.
Type locality: "Prope Carlsruhe," Germany.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper, July, 1894.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 507
LIMOSELLA.
Leaves filiform-linear. 1 . L. tenmfolia.
Leaves spatulate or oblono; 2. L. aquatica.
1. Limosella tenuifolia Ilollni. Deiitsch. Fi. 1-': 29. 1804.
Type locality: Germany.
Range: Washington: Laliradoi- to New Jeiscv. KurojX'.
Specimens examined: Kalama, Flptr, Octoljer ol, 1901 ; [juke Cliclan, Elim r 491.
Perliaj^s only a subspecies of L. (Kjuaticd.
2. Limosella aquatica L. Sp. PI. 2: (i31. IT'i^.
Type locality: "Hal)itat in Europac septentrionalis inundatis "
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and Colorado. Europe. Asia. South
America.
Specimens exa.mixeu: Wliitc Salmon, ^'mA'.w/o//'.- Ritzville, Scindlxn/ d: LeihcKj 193.
MIMULUS.
Flowers reddish or purple.
Corolla with a very long .slender tube 1. JT ■•^uhiini fonts.
Corolla with a moderate tube.
Stigmas funnelform.
Leaves elliptic, acute; corolla 1.5 to 2 cm. long 2. M. nanus.
Leaves ovate, acuminate: corolla 2 to 2.5 cm. long . 8. M . cusiclcii.
Stigmas 2-lipped.
Flowers very small, aljout .5 nnn. long, pale purple 4. M . breuscri.
Flowers large, over 2 cm. long.
Corolla scarlet; stamens exserted 5. M. ca}di7iall<^.
Corolla rose-purple; stamens included 6. M . Jewisii.
Flowers yellow; stigmas 2-lipped.
Calyx not angled, deeply 5-c!eft 7. J/, pilos'is.
Calyx 5-angled, 5 toothed.
Perennials.
Flowers solitary on scapes S. M . pr'unuloides.
Flowering stems leafy.
Leaves pinnately veined.
Herbage glabrous 9. M. dentntvs.
Herbage slim}- -viscid, nnisk-scented 10. J/, nioscluitiis.
Leaves palmately veined.
Rootstocks wanting.
Stems stout or stoutish, 10 to 60 cm. high;
leaves not viscid; corolla 2 to 5 cm.
long II. M . langsdorfii.
Stems very slender 5 to 20 ciil high, few-
flowered; coj'olla 12 to 15 mm. long:
leaves small 13. M . iiilcrophyllus.
Rootstocks present.
Stems 2 to 4 cm. iiigh, mostly l-flowered:
plants stoloniferous, densely nuittecT,
alpine 12. .1/. alpiniis.
Stems 10 to 20 cm. high, mostly several-
flowered, arising from slender matted
rootstocks; herbage slimy-viscid 14. .]/. unjde.rus.
Annuals.
Corolla rather large; leaves palmately veined 15. ^1/. na.sutus.
508 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Corolla small; leaves pinnately veined.
Calyx teeth unequal, the lower two larger 16. M. alsinoides.
Calyx teeth .subequal.
Fruiting calyx distended.
Corolla 10 to 12 mm. long 17. J/, pulsiferae.
Corolla 4 to 5 mm. long 18. M. hreviflorus.
Fruiting calyx cylindrical.
Leaves sessile; corolla scarcely exceed-
ing calyx 19. M . suJcsdorfii.
Leaves petioled: corolla larger.
Plant erect, not villous 20. J/, peduncularis.
Plant spreading or prostrate, villous
and slimy-viscid. 21. M.Jioribundus.
1. Mimulus suburdflorus (Hook. & Arn.)
Mimuhts doiKjlasii A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 563. 1876.
Mimulus nanus suhuniflorus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 378. 1840
Eunanus douglasii Benth: in DC. Prodr. 10: 374. 1846.
Type locality: California.
Range: Klickitat County, Washington, to California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat Hills, G'or/nan, May 16, 1901.
2. Mimulus nanus Hook, e^ Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 378. 1840.
Eunanus tolmiei Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 374. 184(5.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Klickitat Hills, Gorman,
May 16, 1901.
3. Mimulus cusickii (Greene).
Eunanus citsickii Greene, Pittonia 1: 36. 1887.
Type locality: Maliieur River, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Alkaline soil near Columbia River, Brandegee 1011.
Tliis species was included by Dr. Gray in M. bigelovii A. Gray, but it seems sufficiently
distinct.
4. Mimulus breweri (Greene) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 351. 1901.
Eimanus breweri Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1: 101. 1885.
Type locality: "About Donner Lake," California.
Range: Washington to California and Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Pi /)er 2074; Simcoe Hills, /:?o?wZ? 297; Khckitat
Meadows, Ftell 1355; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 50, 488; upper Atanum, Henderson, August
3, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; North Yakima, Hendeison 2264; Blue Moun-
tains, P(>«' 2441.
5. Mimulus cardinalis Dough; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835.
Type locality: Cahfomia. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Cahfomia, Oregon, and ^Washington.
Specimens examined: Yakima County, R^a<^ August, 1895.
It is possible that there has been some confusion of labels with respect to the above
specimen, as we have no further evidence of its occuirence in Washington.
6. Mimulus lewisii Puish, Fl. 2: 427. /*/. 20. 1814.
Mimulus roseus Dougl. Bot. Reg. pi. 1591. 1833.
Type locality: "On the head springs of the Missouri, at the foot of Portage Hill."
Collected bv Lewis.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 509
Range: British Columbia to California, Utah, and ^Montana.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, IFai/, August, 1S95; Mount Stuart, Sandberg cf;
Leiberg 557; Tieton River, Cotton 436; Mount Rainier, Piper 2076; Allen 276; Skokomish
River, Kincaid, June 17, 1892; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens
Pass, Whited 1432; near Skagit Pass, TmI-c d' Ilidl 571; Bridge Creek, Elmer 646; along
Salmon River, Horner 386; near Berne, Piper, July 7, 1895; without locality, Va.sry in 1889;
Entiat Creek: Mrs. Howe.
7. Mimulus pilosus (Benth.) S. ^Yats. Bot. King Explor. 225. 1871.
Herpestis pilosa Benth.; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 57. 1836.
Mimulus exilis Dur. & Hilg. Pac. R. Rep. 5: 12. 1855.
Type locality: "North California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Piper 1800; Watt, Augifct, 1895; Hender.wn,
October 5, 1892; Walla Walla, Savage 24; Waitsburg, Horner 591; Almota, Piper, July 30,
1897; near Bingen, iSu^-sc/o// 2322; Rattlesnake Mountains, Sufcyt/o// 421; Egbert Springs,
Samlberg cfc Leiberg 357; without locality, Bran-Jegee 1018.
8. Mimulus primuloides Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835.
Mimulus pilosclliis (Ireene, Erythea 4: 22. 1896.
Type locality: "Amer. boreali-occid." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California. '
Specimens examined: Wenache Region, Brandegec 1017; Simcoe Mountains, Howell
298; mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 717; Cascade Mountains,
Henderson, August 4, 1892; east side Cascade Mountains, Cooper in 1853; without locality,
Sul'sdorf 489; near Mount Adams, Cotton 1474, 1498.
9. Mimulus dentatus Nutt.: Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 372. 1846.
Type locality: "Ad Oregon flum." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Ilwaco, Piper 4917.
10. Mimulus moschatus Dough; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. 1118. 1827.
Mimulus moschatus longiflorus A. Gray, S^^n. Fl. ed. 2. 2 ': 447 1886.
Mimulus moschatus pallidijiorus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 1.54. 1900.
Type locality: "Margins of springs in the country about the river Columbia." Col-
lected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, S\x\j 10, 1895; Tacoma, F/f« 160; Skokomish
River, i/tnrff /-so?!, June 17, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 490; Klickitat River,
Flett 11.59, 1179; Fort Yancouver, Douglas in 1825; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Chenowith, Suksdoif 2320; without locality. Cooper; Tieton River Cotton
483; Stevens Pass, Whited 1431; Sandberg cfc Leiberg 762; Skagit Pass, Lake <& Hull,
August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 745;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2411; Lake c& Hull 689; without locality, Brandcgee 1016.
11. Mimulus langsdorfii Donn; Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 1501. 1812.
Mimulus guttatus DC. Cat. Monsp. 127. 1813.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Range: Alaska to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3986, 4006; Grays Harbor, Lamb 1065;
Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 221 ; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall
in 1859; Skokomish Yalley, Kincaid; Taconia, Flett; Silverton, Bouck 140; Klickital
River, Flett 1145,1149; Tieton River, Cotton 459; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 417;
Cold Creek, Cotton 394; Ellensburg, Whited 476; Wenache, Whited; west Klickitat County
Suksdorf 2136, 202, 475, 473; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Spanaway Lake, Piper 2085;
510 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Manor, Piper; Wilson Creek, Lake d- Hull: Nason City, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 618; Coulee
City, Lake <& Hun 570; Fresh Lake, il/oA'a)/ II : Union Flat,P!>/-, July 9, I90I; Wawawai,
Hull: Elmer 111.
12. Mimulus alpinus (A. Gray).
Mimulus luieus alpinus A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863 : 71. 1863.
Mimulus scovleri caeapitosus Greene, Pittonia 2: 22. ISS9.
Mimulus caespitosus Greene, Journ. Bot. 24: 8. 189.5.
Typb locality: "Alpine region of the Rocky Mts." Collected l)y Parr\'.
Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 288; Piper 2070; Allen; Greene in 1889;
Mount Adams, SuJcsdoif 479, 418; Bridge Creek, Elmer 642; Horseshoe Basin, Lake d&
Hull in 1892.
13. Mimulus microphyllus Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 371. 1846.
Mimulus luteus depauperatus A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 567. 1880.
Typb locality: "In rupibus ad flumen Oregon." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens e.x.\mined: Klickitat River, iS''/^W(»//"478; Flett 1146: west Klickitat County,
Snksdo>f 411,2321.
14. Mimulus implexus Greene, Joum. Bot. 33: 8. 1895.
Mimulus tiUrujii Rcgel, err. det. Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 1 10. 1885.
Type locality: "Higher Sierra Nevada of California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2177; Elmer 2583; Mount Adams,
S(/A-«7o//471,472.
15. Mimulus nasutus Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 112. 1885.
Type locality: "In Sonoma County, Cal. at Knight's Valley and Skagg's Springs."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; upper Naches River, Henderson
in 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdo/f 202, 419, 480, 476, 481; Rock Lake, Sandberg &
Leiberg 110a; Almota, Piper 2783; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1363.
16. Mimulus alsinoid.es Dough; Benth. Scropli. Ind. 29. 1835.
Mimulus alsinoides minimus Benth. loc. cit.
Type locality: "America bareali-occid." Collected l)y Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Speclmens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 223; Orcas Lsland, Lyall in 18.58;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf4S3; west Klickitat County, Suksdoif 420, 484; Cascade Mountains
to Fort Cohillc, Lyall in 1860; moutli of the Columbia, Scouler.
17. Mimiulus pulsiferae A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 98. 1876.
Type locality: "California in the Sierra and Indian Valleys of the Sierra Nevada."
Range: Middle California to Klickitat County, Washington.
Specimens exa.mined: Glenwood, Flett 1163; Klickitat River, Flett 1148; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf, 486 and June 10, July 30, 1885.
18. Mimulus brevifiorus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 45. 1901.
Type locality: Pullman, Washington.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suksdmf 793, 485; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 203; Ellensburg, Whited 652; Spokane, Piper 2764, 2640; Waitsburg, Horner 592;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2440; Pullman, Piper 1858; Wawawai, Elmer 774.
19. Mimulus suksdorfii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed 2. 2': 450. 1886.
Type locality: Mt. Paddo (Adams). Collected by Suksdorf.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 511
Range: Washington to Utali and California.
Specimen.s examined: Mount Adams, Suh9do)f4S7.
20. Mimulus peduncularis Dougl.; Benth. vSciopli. Tnd. 29. lS:^.'i.
Type locality: "America horeali-occidentalis." Collected hv Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sufof/o;/'.- Trout lji\\n\ Suhsdorf: Falcon
Yii\\ey,Su1csdo)f; Wenache, Whited: Rock hake, Sandberg d- Leihety 114; Wawawai, Elmer
To'i: Almota, Piper; Toppenish, Griffiths <£• Cotton 796; Prosser, Griffiths ti' CottonQS].
21. Mimulus floribundus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: /)/. llJo. IS27.
Mimulus serotinus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 154. 1900.
Type locality: "On moist rocks in the interior of the districts of the Columbia River."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Cohunbia to California and Colorado."
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whiled 847: North Yakima, Henderson in 1892;
west Klickitat County, Sulsdorf 205, 2185; Wilson Creek, Lalce d- Hull 709; Sprague,
Henderson, May 30, 1892; bars Touchet River, Homer 266; Spokane, Watson 309; Piper;
Sandherg, Heller, d; MacDougal 926; without locality. Dr. Cooper; Wawawai, Elmer 754;
Almota, Piper, June 28, 1894.
Mimulus jungermannioides Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss 18: 154. 1900. Type
locality, near Bingen, Klickitat County, Washington. Specimens examined, near Bingen,
SuTcsdorf 1470. This species is very close to the preceding, but it is perhaps distin-
guishable by its broader and shorter, more deeply cordate leaves. According to Suksdorf
it perennates by means of bud-like tubers formed on the tips of stolon-like branches.
MELAMPYRUM.
1. Melampyrum lineare Lam. Encyc. 4: 22. 1797.
Melaiitpiiriim americanum Michx. Fl. 2: 16. 1803.
Type locality: "Americjue septentrionale."
Range: Washington to Hudson Bay, southward to North Carolina.
Specimens examined: Box Canyon, A' /far/cr 409.
RHINANTHUS.
1. Rhinanthus crista-galli L. vSp. Pi. 2: 603. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Washington to New England, north to Alaska and Labrador. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, 6'fl/(7/u'/ 224; Admiralty Wc&d, Piper in 1898;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Looinis, Elmer 596; Spokane County, iS'»A'sM7i/i, August 8, 1900,
east side Cascades, Lyall, without locality, I'asey in 1889, Lake Kalispel, Kreager 350.
Zonal distribution; Canadian and Hudsonian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 513
CASTILLEJA.
Annual ; stems slender, erect ; leaves entire, narrow 1.6'. exilis.
Perennials.
Bracts whitish or yeliowisli ; pilea shorter tlian tlii^ tul)e of tlie
corolla.
Galea short and i)road 2. C. ]iallef/-, May 26, 1899: Kittitas
Mountains, Whited, May 27, 1896; Loomis, Elmer 569, 593: Sprague, Samlberg d' Leiherr/,
June, 1893; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Spangle, P//)?/-, June 24, 1899; Douglas
County, Henderson 2267; Spokane County, Henderson 2268; without locality, Vasoj in
1889; Coulee City, Piper 3852.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
Geyer's 291 referred by Hooker to C. septcnirionalis Lindl. is C. pallescens. The "C.
pallida Kunth" of Cooper's Report, page 67, is probably this species.
29418—06 M 33
514 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Castilleja lutescens (Greenman) Rj-dberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 3.59. 1900.
Casiilleia pallida lutescens Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 265. 1898.
Type locality: "Prairies, Spokane Co., Washington." Collected by Siiksdorf. The
above is the first cited specimen.
Range: Idaho. British Columbia.
Specimens examined: Sprague, Sandherg c& Leiherg 141; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3086;
Pullman, Elmer 816; LaTce, June, 1892; Mount Carlton, Krearjer 149.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Castilleja camporum (Greenman) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 532. 1901.
Castilleja pallida camporum Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 266. 1898.
Castilleja lufea Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 268. 1898.
Type locality: "Low prairies, Spokane Co., Washington." Collected by Suksdorf.
(The first cited specimen.)
Range: W^ashington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Rock Creek, Sandherg & Leiherg 80; Silver h&kc, Henderson;
Spokane, Henderson 2266; Spangle, Piper 2833, 3540; Pullman, Piper 2826: Lale & Hull.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
5. Castilleja levisecta Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 268. 1898.
Type locality: "Mill plain, Washington," in Clarke County. Collected by Howell;
the first specimen cited.
Range: Western Washington and Vancouver Island.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 2Z&\ Port Ludlow, Binns, June 15, 1890;
Roy, Allen 83; Mill Plain, Hou-ell 279; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, May, 1898; Seattle,
Hiiulshaw, July, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
6. Castilleja oreopola Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 264. 1898.
Castilleja niiniata alpina Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 155. 1900.
Type locality: "In damp ground, on Mt. Adams (Mt. Paddo), Washington, altitude
1840 to 2150 m." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Mountains of western Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, September, 1895; Mount Rainier,
Flett 2197, 294; Piper 2081 ; .4ZZen'95a; Goat Mountains, Allen 134; Mount Adams, SuTcsdorj
2G46; near Skagit Pass, Lale & Hull, August 24, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 696; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 696; Clallam County, Elmer 2590.
Zonal dlstribution: Arctic.
7. Castilleja rupicola Piper, Erythea 6: 45. 1898.
Type locality: "On perpendicular clilfs. Paradise Valley, Mount Rainier, Washington."
Range: Known only from Mount Rainier.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2075; Allen; Flett 2128.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
8. Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 4: 616. 1837.
Castilleja douglasii Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 530. 1846.
Castilleja desertorvm Geyer; Hook. Journ. Bot. and Kew. Misc. 6: 258. 1853.
Evchroma ancjnstifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 46. 1834.
Type locality: "Native in dry prairies on the borders of the Little Goddin River,
near the source of the Columbia."
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Kamiak Butte, Moore 2324.
This species and its subspecies have very generally been confused with the very distinct
Alaskan C. parviflora Bong.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 515
SUBSPECIES OF CASTILLEJA ANGUSTIKOLIA.
Leavt>s entire 8a. C. amjustifoUa whitedii.
Leaves cleft.
Stems sparingly pilose.
Leaves lanceolate to ohlong-lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm.
long 8b. C. ani/ustifolia Jiradburii .
Leaves ovate-oblong to ol)ovate, 1 to2.5cm.long. . 8c. (J. antpistifoUa ahhreviata.
Stems densely pilose.
Leaves harshly pubescent ; stems 40 to 50 cm. high;
leaves short, not spreading Sd. 6'. arujuMifolla Jnspida.
Leaves less harsh; stems 10 to 30 cm. high; leaves
slender, spreading 8. O. nngnMifolia.
8a. Castilleja angustifolia whitedii Piper, Bull. Torr. Cluh 27: 399. 1900.
Type locality: Wenache, Washington.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1141.
8b. Castilleja angustifolia bradbiuii (Xutt.) Fernald, Eiytliea 6: 48. 1898.
Enchroma bradburii Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 47. 1834.
Castilleja bradburii G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 4: 616. 1837.
Type locality: "Little Goddin River, sources of the Columbia."
Range: British Columl)ia, Washington, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic ]\Iountains, Pipf/-, August, 1895; Orcas Island, Lyall;
Tacoma, Flett 104; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Bear Prairie, near Mount
Rainier, Allen 133; Klickitat River, Flett 1151; Clealum, Wldfed 362; Mount Adams, Fhtf
1162; Roy, Allen 84; Wenache, Whited 5; Spokane Valley, Lyall; without locality,
Vaseij 451.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
8c. Castilleja angustifolia abbreviata Fernald, Erythea 6: 49. 1898.
Type locality: Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Range: Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, P?/)?/- 2175; Clallam County, £■//»(■/■ 2582.
8d. Castilleja angustifolia hispida (Benth.) Fernald, Erji,hea 6: 48. 1898.
Castilleja hispida Benth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 105. 1838.
Type locality: "Common on dry soils of the NW. coast, especially about Fort Van-
couver." Collected by Douglas, by Scouler, by Tolmie, and by Gairdner.
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Speclmens examined: Kamiak Butte, Piper 3096, 3095, 3097; Blue Mountains, Piper
2435; Almota, Piper 2323, 2798.
9. Castmeja elmeri Fernald, Erythea 6: 51. 1898.
Type locality: "On Wenatchee Mts., 19.3 km. north of Ellensl)urg, WashingtoiL"
Range: Mount Stuart and Wenache Mountains.
Specimens ex.vmined: Mount vStuart, Elmer 1179, 1180; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 457.
10. CastiUeja miniata Dough; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 1(3(3. 1838.
Type locality: "Blue Mountains, X. W. America.'' Collected l)y Douglas and by
Tolmie.
Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1160; Fairhaven, Piper, September,
1892, 2807; Silverton, Bouci: 144; Mount Rainier, Piper 2082; Mount Adams, Flett 1143;
Klickitat River, Flett 11.50; Tacoma, Flett 46; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 616; Wenache,
Whited 157; Atanum Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Horseshoe Easin, LaJce d;; Hull 573;
Nason Creek, Sandberg c& Leiberg 616; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Pullman, Piper
516 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1668; Mount Adams, untains of Skamania County,
Suksdorf; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1.506.
13. CastiUeja crispula sp. nov.
Perennial from a stout woody crown; stems erect or nearly so, 20 to 30 cm. high; whole
herbage sparsely crisp-puberulent ; leaves lanceolate, acute, broadest near the sessile base,
3-nerved, 2 to 4 cm. long, all entire or the uppermost with a few teeth ;'spike short and
dense; bracts broader than the leaves, scarlet-tipped, all or at least the upper ones few-
toothed near the apex; calyx villous, about equally cleft before and behind, each lateral
segment cleft about midway into two attenuate-lanceolate, acute, lobes; corolla about 3
cm. long, the glandular, puberulent galea green except a thin scarlet margin, nearly straight,
as long as the sparselj' pilose tube; lip small, the three teeth saccate-involute, acute; ovary
elliptic-acuminate; stigma 2-lobed.
A species very close to C. miniata Dougl. differing in its piiberulent herbage and the
dentate bracts.
Specimens have been examined as follows, ail from Washington: Moiuit St. Helens,
Coinlle, 768, July 18, 1898, slieet 380051 in tiic National Herbarium (tj^pe); same locality,
L. L. Goodvnn, 26, July 13, 1903.
ORTHOCARPUS.
Perennial ; galea hooded, obtuse : lip obscurely saccate \. 0. pilosus.
Annual.
Lobes of lower lip of corolla well developed.
Galea bearded on the back; filaments puix'scent 2. (). junpurascens.
Galea naked; fdaments smooth.
Spike short and dense; bracts witli l)roa(l (>i)tuse white
lol)cs 'i. 0. castilleoides.
Spike slender; bracts with slender lobe 4.0. attenuatus.
Lobes of lower lip of corolla very small.
Lip simply saccate, scarcely larger than the galea.
Bracts very different from the leaves, the upper ones
entire.
Galea hooked at the tip; bracts obtuse.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 517
Corolla minutely pubescent: herbage scabrous
and sparsely hirsute-ciliate 5. O. temnfoliii.<.
Lip with 3 conspicuous swellings, much larger than the galea.
Flowers very small 4 to 6 mm. long, dull purple; leaves
pinnatifid oi- bipinnatifid into filiform segments 10. 0. pv.siUus.
Flowers larger 12 to 20 mm. long; leaves simply pinnate
with slender lobes or entire.
Corolla sulphur-yellow, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; anthers
1-celled l\. O. eriaiithus.
Corolla white, about 1 cm. long; anthers 2-celled. . 12. O. M.spidu.s.
1. Orthocarpus pilosus S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 231. 1871.
Ti'PE locality: "In Washoe Valley, Nevada."
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Sii]c>(/«// in 1S5S: near
Tacoma, Flett 191, 2123, May 5, 1895: Nisqually, Wil]ce.s Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
5. Orthocarpus tenuifolius (Pursh) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 536. 1846.
Bart.sia tenuifoUa Pursh, Fl. 2: 429. 1814.
Type locality: "On the banks of Clark's River." Collected by Lewis. The exact
locality is near the mouth of the Lolo fork of the Bitterroot River, Montana.
R.\nge: British Columbia to Oregon and west Montana.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Wilbur, Hender-
son, iu\y 12, 1892; Douglas County, SpiUman, May, 1896; Cow Creek, Lyall; Spokane
County, Srik.sdorf 425; Spokane, Deivart; Pullman, Piper 1666; Clarks Springs Kreager
18; Okanogan to Grand Coulee, Willces Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
518 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Orthocarpus imbricatus Ton-.; S. Wats. Bot. Kiiif^ Explor. 4.58. 1871.
Orthocarpns olymficus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 60. 1903.
Type locality: "In the Cascade Mts., Oregon." Collected by Newberry.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2.574: Fleit 85.
7. Orthocarpus barbatus Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: .574. 1902.
Type locality: "At the junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Douglas County,'' Wash-
ington. Collected l)y Sandberg and Leiberg.
Range: Central Wa.shington.
Specimens examined: Wilson Creek, Sandberg C& Leiberg 2.34: Mcses Lake, Grifiths &
Cotton 613: Fort Okanogan, WUlces Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
8. Orthocarpus bracteosus Bcnth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835.
Type locality: "Ad flum. Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columi)ia to northern California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Huhsdorf 167: without locality, Coo/)f/v Seattle,
Piper; east of the Cascades, WUlce!< Expedition.
9. Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. Gen. 2: 57. 1818.
Orthocarpus strictus I5enth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 1835.
Type locality: Near Fort Mandan, North Dakota.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and California.
Specimens e.xamined: Parrott, Lake cfc //(/// 701; "high timl)ered regions of Spokane,"
Spalding: Colville, Lyall: Usk, Ereager 3.59.
Zonal distribution: Aiid Transition.
10. Orthocarpus pusillus Bcnth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 18,35.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades and Sierras.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3877; Clallam County, Elmer 2592; Seattle,
Piper, May, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 8.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
11. Orthocarpus erianthus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 1835.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: California.
Specimens examined: West Seattle, Piper 5.52, introduced from California.
12. Orthocarpus hispidus Benth.; DC. Prod. 10: .5.35. 1846.
Ti'pe locality: "Ad flumen Oregon." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and northern California.
Specimens examined: Silver Lake, Henderson 2265; Falcon Valley, Sril-sdorf 465, 466;
Wenache Region, Brandegee 1023; Ellensburg, Whited 497; Sprague, Sandberg cf' L^eiberg
153; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Henderson 2265; Pullman, Piper, 1665, July 28, 1894;
Elmer 832; without locality, Vasey 4.50; Colville to Spokane, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
ADENOSTEGIA.
1. Adenostegia capitata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 180. 1891.
Cordylanthus capitatus Nutt.; DC. Prod. 10: ,597. 1846.
Type locality: "In Nova California." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Idaho and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Flett 1161; Falcon Valley, Snksdorf, August,
1880; Simcoe Mountains, //ocW/, July, 1880; Tampico, i7enS. (rijiorum .
.Stems erect; leaves ovate, repand or entire 4. iS'. nigrum.
1. Solanum rostratum Dunal, Sol. 231. 1813.
Type locality: " In liorto Monspeliensi fultum."
Eange: Colorado and Nebraska to Texas.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897 (mtroduced).
2. Solanum dulcamara L. Sp. PI. 1: 185. 1753. Bittersweet.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Parker, Z>?/?in, August 8, 1901; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Piper 1889; IJock Lake, Lake d- Hull 583; Spokane, K'eagcr 545, Selah \ alley,
Cotton 882.
3. Solanum triflorum Nutt. Gen. 1: 128. 1818.-
Type locality: " Near Fort Mandan." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Columbia River, Henderson 2495; Ellensburg, Wfnted. July,
1897; North Yakima, Piper 1806.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Solanum nigrum L. Sp. PI. 1: 186. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Orbis totius cultis."
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaU in 1859; Tacoma, Flett
67; west Klickitat County, Sulsdorf 1480, 2317, 2318; North Yakima, Piper 1787, Ophir,
Elmer 525; Wawawai, Elmer, June, 1897; Squaw Creek, Cotton 871.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
DATURA.
Flowers white; prickles of the fruit unequal, the lower shorter \. D. stramonium.
^'lowers purplish , prickles of the fruit e(|ual 2. D tatula
1. Datura stramonium L Sp. Pi 1: 179 1753 Jimson weed.
Type locality: "IIal)itat in America, nunc vulgaris per Europp.m '
Reported in Suksdorf's list, but we have seen no Washington specimens.
2. Datura tatula L Sp Pled 2. 1:256 1762
Type locality. Unknown
Specimens examined. Pullman, Piper, September 8, 1894; near Wawawai, Piper in
1902.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON". 521
NICOTIANA.
1. Nicotiana attenuata Ton.; S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 276. pi. 27. 1871.
Type locality; " Rather coininou in tlie valley-i and dry lower canyons of Nevada."
Range: Washington to California and r()lo:ad().
Specimens examined; Wenac.he, Elmer 478; Whited 1329; North Yakima, Mrs. Stein-
weg in 1894; Watt, August, 1895; west Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 201 \ Bingen, Suksdorf
1482; Rattlesnake Mountains, C'of/on 477; P&sco, Henderson, June, 1892; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sajulben/ ia." Collected by Douglas, by Scouler, and l)y
Gairdner.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, (rart^rifr 358; Y&lconYaMej, SvJcsdorf 82; with-
out locality, Brandegee 1029; Rock Island, Sandherg cfc Leiberg 4S6; Chelan, Elmer 506;
Grand Coulee, Lal-e (& Hull 778; Soap Lake, McKay 3; Squaw Creek, Cofton 876; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 764; Flat Top Island, Laurence 103; Sucia Island, Flett 2755.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
2. Orobanche calif or.iica Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 134. 1828.
AphyUon caiifornica A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 584. 1876.
Type locality; "E vicinia portus St. Francisco," California.
Range; Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla region, Brandegee 1030.
3. Orobanche pinorum Geyer; Hook. Kew. Journ. Bot. 3: 297. 1851.
AphyUon pinetorurn A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 585. 1876.
Type locality: "Top of high mountains near St. Joseph, Coeur d'Aleine country.
Growing on the roots of Abies balsamea," Idaho. Collected by Geyer.
Range; Eastern Washington and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Columbia Valley, latitude 46° to 49°, LyaU, June, 1860; lone,
Ereager 403.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
4. Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. Gen. 2: 58. 1818.
AphyUon ludoricianum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 585. 1876.
Type locality: "In sandy alluvial soils around Foit ]\^"andan," North Dakota.
Range; Washington to Saskatchewan, Texas, and California.
Specimens examined: Rock Island, Sandherg d' Leiperg 436; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2248; Wawawai, Piper 2842; Lake Chelan, Gorman 720; Craigs Ferry, Coiion
1343; Granddalles, Wesigate in 1905; "on roots of Psorclea verrucosa in the light drift sand
desert at the mouth of Lewis and Walla Walla rivers," Geyer.
Zonal distribution; Upper Sonoran.
BOSCHNIAKIA.
1. Boschniakia strobilacea A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 118. 18.56.
Type locality: " Dr}- and rocky hills South Yuba," California.
Range; Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined; Cape Foulweather, Howell; near Union City, Piper in 1890;
Bitter Lake, near Seattle, Piper 1127; Springfield, Bobbins, May 10, 1897.
The common host plants are Gaultheria shallon and Arctostapinjlos tomentosa.
Zonal distribution; Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. ,523
PINGUICULACEAE.
Aquatic plants; loaves dissected Utkicilaria.
Terrestrial plants ; leaves entire Pinguicula.
UTmCULARIA. Bladderwort.
Leaves 2 to S-pinnatel}' divided, very bladdery: ilowers large \. U. ruhjaris.
Leaves repeatedly dichotomoua; flowers small.
Bladders mostly on leafless l^ranches 2. U. infcrnirdia.
Bladders among the leaves.
Spur of corolla short and obtuse 3. IJ . minor.
Spur of corolla conical, acute 4. U . occidentalis.
1. Utricularia vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 1: IS. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to California, Texas, and Newfoundland.
Specimens examined: Mud Lake, near Seattle, Piper 1103; Wliidby Island, Gardner
3(58; Olympia, it/nca icZ, June, 1896; Falcon Valley, iS'j/i'sc/or/" 468.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transitit)n.
2. Utricularia intermedia Hayne, Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1: 18. '1800.
Type locality^: "Ilalntat in inundatis prope Berolinum et Upsaliam."
Range: Subarctic regions, southward to California, Ohio, and New Jersey. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Suhsdoif 168.
3. Utricularia minor L. Sp. PI. 1: 18. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columljia to Canada, southward to California, I^taii, and New Jersey.
Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Mud Lake, near Seattle, Piper in 1891; Olympia, Kincaid in
1896; Skamania County, Sul:sdorf22?,Q.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Utricularia occidentalis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 95. 1884.
Type locality: "Washington Territory in Falcon Valley." Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Known only from the tj^e locality.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, iS'uZrs^/o// 169 (type), 469; IlenderHon.
2. PINGUICULA.
1. Pinguicula vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 1: 17. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Oregon to the Adirondacks and northward.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2526; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2067; Flett 237; Silverton, Bouclc 177a; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1212;
Brandegee 1031; Skagit Pass, Lalce <& Hull 582; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiherg 793;
Loomis, Elmer, September, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian and Arctic.
PLANTAGINACEAE. Plantain Family.
PL ANT AGO. Plantain.
Leaves ovate or lanceolate.
Seeds numerous ; leaves ovate x . /- . major.
Seeds only 2 to 4 ; leaves lanceolate 2. P. lanceoiata.
524 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves linear.
Corolla lobes spreading in fruit.
Leaves fleshy; seaside plant 3. P. ntantima.
Leaves not fleshy.
Spikes woolly ; bracts short 4. P. purshii.
Spikes not woolly ; bracts long _ 5. P. aristata.
Corolla lobes closed over the fruit.
Spikes short, dense ; capsules 3 to 4 mm. long 6. P. higelorii.
Spikes slender; capsules 2 nnn. long 7. P. elongafa.
1. Plantago major L. Sp. PI. 1: 113. 1753.
T^TE locauty; P^iu'opean.
Range: Nearly cosmopolitan.
Specimens examined: Silverton, Bouck in 1899; Seattle, Pi/^f/", July 1, 189.5; Tacoma,
Flett 223; Ellensburg, WMted 548; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895.
One form of this plant found on gravelly lake shores and in salt marshes seems to be
native.
2. Plantago lanceolata L. Sp. PI. 1: 113. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Silverton, BoitcJc: I^illinan, Piptr, July 20, 1894.
A common weed in lawns and pastures.
3. Plantago maritima L. Sp. PI. 1: 114. 1753.
Type locality: "Hat)itat in littoribus marimis Europae borealis."
Range: Seacoasts, Labrador to New Jersey and Alaska to California. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 252; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895;
Tacoma, Flett 118; Clallam County, Elmer 2817.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
4. Plantago purshii Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3: 120. 1818.
Plantago lagopus L. err. det. Pursh, Fl. 1: 99. 1814.
Plantago gnaphalioides Nutt. Gen. 1: 100. 1818.
Plantago patagonica gnapTialioides A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 391. 1878.
Type locality: "In dry situations on the banks of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to Ontario and Mexico.
Specimens examined: Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Wenache, WMted 169, 1097;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 392; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Pasco,
Hindshaw 1; Henderson, June 12, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg <& Leiherg 278;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 141, 16; Chelan, Elmer 505; Lake
Chelan, LaTce & Hidl, August 13, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Wawawai, Lake & Hull
655; Piper, June 9, 1894; Okanogan, Griffiths cfc Cotton 285; Cow Creek, Giiffiihs & Cotton
546; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 2.56; Wenache, Griffiths cfc Cotton 145.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
5. Plantago aristata Michx. Fl. 1: 95. 1803.
Plantago patagonica aristata A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 269. 1856.
Ty'pe locality: "In pratensibus Illinocnsium."
Range: British Columbia to Dakota, New Mexico, and Texas. Spreading as a weed
eastward.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Gardner 376.
6. Plantago bigelovii A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 117. 18.56.
Type locality: Benicia, California.
Range: British Columl)ia to California along the coast.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 424; Seattle, Piper <& Smith 1088.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 525
7. Plantago elongata Pursli, Fl. 2: 729. 1814.
Planiago pusilla Niitt. Gen. 1: 100. 1818.
Type locality: " In Upper Louisiana."
R.4NGE: Washington to New England and Texas.
Specimens examined: Wliite Salmon, Suksdorf'SOi); Major Creek, Siiksdorf, May 4, 188(5.
RUBIACEAE. M.\i)der Family.
Leaves whorh^d, without stipules (ialium (p. 525).
Leaves opposite, stipulate Kellog(;ia (p. 527).
GALIUM.
Annuals: fruit hispid or hirsute.
Leaves mostly in 4's; stems erect, smooth 3. ^t. bijoHum. ,
Leaves 6 to 8 in each whorl; stems rough on the .
angles.
Stems erect or ascending; fruit 2 to 3 mm.
broad 1 . (r. vailluntii.
Stems reclining; fruit 4 to (> nun. broad 2. G. apaiine.
Perennials.
Stems wholly herbaceous.
Leaves 3-nerved in whorls of four.
Fruit hispid.
Leaves oblong-ovate, acutisli 4a. G. Tcamtschaticum oretjanum.
Leaves obovate or orbicular, obtuse.. . 4. G. hamtschaticum.
Fruit canescent, becoming smooth; leaves
linear '. . 5. 6'. horeale.
Leaves 1-nerved. •
Whorls containing four, live, or six leaves;
fruit smooth.
Flowers in clusters of three, or solitary-
axillary - . i). G. trijidnm.
Flowers cymose, numerous. . . 7. (f. cynKjHum.
Whorls containing six leaves; fruit not
smooth.
Fruit gi'anula((>-scabi'ous 8. (r. axpcvrimtnn.
Fruit hispid with hooked hairs 9. G. trijhirinn.
Stems suffrutescent .
Herbage glabrous.
Leaves ovate, thick 10. G. in ultiforum.
Leaves oblong, thin 10a. G. niiilfijloruin wafsoni.
Herbage puberulent ; leaves ovate 10b. (r. midtijiorum pubendum.
1. GaUum vaiUantii DC. Fl. Fr. 4: 263. 1805.
Galium apanite iitiitor [us] Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 2!X). 1833.
Galium apaiine vaiUantii Koch, Fl. Germ. 330. 1837.
Type locality: Near Paris, France.
Range: British Columbia to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Siiksdorf ]V}'i9 ('(): between Coulee City
and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Pijier 385S, Kamiak Butte, Piper 3858.
2. Galium aparine L. Sp. PI. 1: 108. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Canada, southward to California and Texas. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4007; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Peshastin,
526 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sandberg cJ; Leiberg 505; west Klickitat County, Suhsdoif 1659; Skokomish River, Hender-
son, May 12, 1892; Pullman, Piper.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
3. Galium bifoUum S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 134.-1S71.
Type locality; " In the Trinity, Battle, and Elast Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in
the Wahsateh."
Range: Washington to California, Colorado, and Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suhr. Ruhn; Snoqualmi? Smith
605; Beaver Creek, Whited 18, 228; Ellensburg, Whited 437; North Yakima and Spokane,
Henderson, May 27, July 9, 1892; PuUnmn, Hull 556; Piper 1504; without locality Vasey
in 1899.
In some of the older liotanical works our plant is erroneously referred to the European
G. rubioides L.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
6. Galium trifidum subbiflorum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 399. 1897.
Type locality: Colorado.
Range: Washington to Alberta, south to Arizona and California.
Specimens examined: Westport, Lamb 1107; Cascade Mountaias, latitude 49°, Lyall in
1858; Ellensburg, Whited 480; Nason Creek, Sandberg dc Leiberg 606; Pullman, Piper, July
25, 1895; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 444.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
This subspecies has the flowers often 2 to each pedicel, and leaves 8 to 10 mm. long.
The northwestern plants referred by Hooker a to G. claytoni Michx. and G. finclorium
L. undoubtedly iielong to G. trifidum.
6a. Galium trifidum pacificum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 400. 1897.
Type locality: Placer County, California.
Range: Washington to California.
ffFl. Bo:-. Am. 2:288. 1840.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 527
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1220; CUallam County, Elmer 2547; Seattle,
Piper; west Klickitat County, iS'wfcs/^or/" 1661.
This subspecies lias solitary flowers and leaves 15 to 25 mm. long.
7. Galium cymosum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Clui) 24: 401. 1897.
Type locality: Tacoma, Wa.sliington. Collected by Flctt.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon near the coast.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4009; Tacoma, Fhit 165, 37; Stuart Island,
Laurence 87; Port Crescent, Lawrence 290.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
8. Galium asperrimum A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1849.
Type locality: "Wet places, near irrigating ditches, Sante Fe," New Mexico.
Range: Washington to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined; Ellensl)urg, Wliited 584; Spangle, Stiksdoif 923; along Tukanon
River, Lake d; Hull, July 2, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1898; Meyers Falls,
Kreager, August 20, 1902, and 508; Pullman, P(>(r 1804, 1717; Henderson 2-lS7\ Elmer.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
9. Galium trifiorum Michx. Fi. 1: 80. 1803.
Type locality: Canada.
Range: Alaska to Canada, southward to California, Colorado, and Alabama.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2458; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall,\n 1859; Silvcrton,5o«ct 98; Skokomish Valley, Z'lncai*^, Juno 7, 1892; Skagit Pass,
LaJce (& Hull 791 ; Ellensburg, Whited, June 22, 1897 ; Nason Creek, Sandberg ci- Leiberg 651 ;
Blue Mountains, Horner 368; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 34;
Mount Rainier, Fleit 21.50.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
10. Galium, multiflorum Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 97. 1863.
Type locality': Washoe, Nevada.
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horner, August 1, 1896; wlthcjut locality,
Brandegee 814.
10a. Galium multiflorum watsoni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 40. 1884.
Ty'pe locality: "Canons and gulches, N. Arizona to E. Oregon and adjacent Idaho."
Range: Wasliington and Idaho to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Horm r 372, 373.
10b. Galium multiflorum puberulum subsp. nov.
Whole herbage densely and tinely hiitellous; leaves oblong to elliptical or tlie upper ones
ovate.
Specimens examined: Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June 14, 1892; Wenache Whited
88, 1108; Ellenslturg, Elmer 414 (type); without locality, Brandegee 813; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; junction Cool and Crab creeks, Sandberg ct Leiberg 224; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 696.
KELLOGGIA.
1. Kelloggia galioides Torr. Bot. Wilkes. Exped. 332. 1874.
Type locality: Walla Walla River, Washington.
Range: Washington to Wyoming, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Gorman, August 7, 1897; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1021; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 479; Wenache region,
Brandegee 816; Roslyn, Whited 473; Clealura, Henderson in 1892.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
528 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle P\\MiLY.
Corolla tubular or campanulate; styles elongate.
Creeping vine; flowers in pairs; fruit dry Linnaea (p. 528).
Shrubs, erect or climbing; fruit a bcrr^'.
Corolla short, campanulate, regular Sympuoricakpos (p. 528).
Corolla tubular, irregular Lonicera (p. 529).
Corolla rotate or open campanulate, in compound cymes.
Leaves pinnate Sambucus (p. 530).
Leaves simple Viburnum (p. 531).
LINNAEA.
1. Linnaea americana Forbes, Ilort. Wol)urn. 135. 1833.
Linnaea horealis longi flora Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 327. 1874.
Linnaea hngiflora Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 280. 1900.
Type locality: "America."
Range: Alaska to Newfoundland, .south to Oregon, Colorad<<, and Maryland.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Ehner 2739; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Fidalgo Island, LyaU in 1858; Silverton,5oi/cA' 93: upper Nisciually Valley,
Allen 19; Blue Mountains, Lake cf" Hull 547; without locality, Va.'ieij in 1889; Mount Carl-
ton, Kr eager 181.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian.
SYMPHORICARPOS. Waxberry.
Corolla campanulate, 2 to 4 mm. long.
Erect shi ub ; leaves glabrous 1 . S. racemosus.
Trailing shrub ; leaves pubescent 2. .S'. mollis.
Corolla cylindric-campanulate, 6 to 7 mm. long '3. S. acutus.
1. Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx. Fl. 1: 107. 180
Type locality: "Ad lacus Mistassins," Canada.
Range: British Columbia to Canada, southward to California and Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3948; Clallam County, Elmer 2738; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Silverton, Bouch 121a; Orchard Point, Piper', July 15, 1895;
Tacoma, Flett 152; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 6, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf; Lower
Cascades, iS'ufeZo//; PeshasUn, Sandhenj d" Leiberg SO-i; KWenshuig, Whited 4.56; Sprague,
Henderson, May 30, 1892; Pullman, Hall 542; Piper 1892, 1690; A7mgr 836; Tukanon
River, Lake & Hull, July 2, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper 2418; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 563, 36; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 694.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species varies considerably, especially in the pubescence and the thickness of the
leaves. Woodland forms tend to be thinner-leaved than the prairie form, and are usually
more pubescent beneath. All gradations seem to occur between plants with leaves per-
fectly glabrous beneath and those which are quite pubescent. According to Fernald,a
the latter is the typical S. racemosa Michx., while the perfectly smooth form he considers
a subspecies, S. racemosa laeingata Fernald.
2. Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt.; Torr. & Or. Fl. 2: 4. 1841.
Type locality: "St. Barimra, California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 105; Olympia, Kincaid, July 4,
1896; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 12, 1892; McAllisters, Henderson, June 22, 1892;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2412; without locality. Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
tt Rhodora 7: 167. 1905.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 529
Zonal distribution: Transition. _
The northwestern specimens that have been referred to S. paucijlorus (Robhins) Howell
lielong apparently to S. mollix.
3. Symphoricarpos acutus (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 2SI. I9(X).
Symphoricarpos mollis aculus A. Gray, Syn. FL 1- : 14. 1S78.
Symphoricarpos inccinoides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 371. 1900.
Type locality: "Washington Terr., east of the Cascade Mountains." Collected by
Pickering and Breckcnridge.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Pickering dc Breckenridgc: Mount Adams,
SuJcsdorf 188; Egbert Springs, Sandberg <& Leiberg 367; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 328;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1282; Nile River, Henderson 2565; Blue Mountains, Piper
2394; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian <
The type of S. acutus has unusually narrow leaves, l)ut it seems not distinguishable from
y iiaving
much larger fruit than the other.
VALERIANACEAE. Valerian Family.
Perennials; calyx linil) of 5 to 15 plumose slender lobes, inrolled
until fruiting Valehiana.
Annuals; calyx limb obsolete or nearly so Valerianella.
VALERIANA.
Leaflets thick, entire; root large, fusiform 1. V. ceratophnlla.
Leaflets thin, mo.stly serrate; rootstocks creeping.
Tube of corolla slender, twice as long as the limb; stamens
included 3. T". columhiana.
Tube of corolla short, less than twice the limb.
Leaflets coarsely dentate 2. T^. sifckensis.
Leaflets entire or nearly so 2a. V. sitchensis scouleri.
M 1. Valeriana ceratophylla (Hook). Tobacco root.
Vahriana edulis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 48. 1841. l^Lc^XTl ""
Patrinia ceratophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 290. 1833.
Type locality': "Common in low, wet soils between the Kettle Falls and Spokan."
Collected by Douglas.
Range:. British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico and eastward to Ohio.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Howell; Ellensburg, Whiied 6; Sprague,
Heyiderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf 329; Medical Lake, Saiidben/ cfc
Leiberg 53; "Kettle Falls to Spokane, plentiful," Douglaa, Pullman. Piper 1506; Hull
541; Elmer &22.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Valeriana sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 145. 1832.
Type locality': Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1890; Baldy Peak, Lainb
1339a; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 8, 1892; Suksdorf 467; Mashel River, Piper
2629; Silverton, Bouck 99; Goose Lake, Flett 1203; Nason Creek, Sandhcrg & Leiberg 691;
Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Wenache Mountains, E'Zmer 440; Okanogan County,
Whited 47, 182; Cascade Mountains, Steinweg in 1894; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 540;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County,
Elmer 2792.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian.
In Cooper's Report, p. 64, this plant was erroneously referred to V. capitata Willd.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 533
' 2a. Valeriana sitchensis scoiileri (Rydl)erg).
Valenana scouleri Rydl)erg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: :i77. IIMH).
Valeriana capiiafa hookeri Toir. & Gr. FI. 2: 48. 1841, not 1'. hookcriana Wight & Am.
1834.
Type locality: " Moist rocks and islands of the Ooliiinl)ia River." Collected hy Douglas
and by Scolder.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Baldy, Olympic Mountains, Oonard 29(y. Lake Crescent,
Lawrence 256; Eatonville, FIctt 2204; Mashel River, Piptr in 1889; Mount Rainier, .4//(7i
243; Montesano, Heller 3937.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
3. Valeriana Columbiana Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 489. 1896.
Type locality: Mountains near Wenache. Collected by Whited.
Range: Wenache Mountains.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Sarulberg d' Leibery 551; ridge west of Weiiache,
Whited 140.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Valeriana sylvatica Banks appears in Suksdorf's list, but we have been unai)l<' to lind
any good evidence that this species occurs within our limits.
VALERIANELLA.
Fruit obscurely keeled on the back; cotyledons incumbent.
Wings broad, as long as the body of the fruit 1. V. macroccra.
Wings narrow, shorter than the body of the fruit 2. T. mainUlatn.
Fruit strongly keeled on the back: cotyledons accumbent.
Flowers rose-color; fruit broadly winged 3. V . anujexta.
Flowers pale or white.
Corolla spurless; fruit winged 4. V . anoinahi.
Corolla spurred.
Fruit winged 5. V . a pluinopteni.
Fruit wingless 6. V. an in ol [folia.
Mr. Suksdorf erects the latter group of species into a genus, Aligera, and the former group
lie I'ctains in Plectritis, considering both distinct from Valei-ianclla.
1. Valerianella macrocera (Torr. & Gr.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.
Plectritis macrocera Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 50. 1841.
Aligera grayi Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 147. 1897.
Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: W^ashington and Idaho to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 23, 25, 218, 24, 5, 330; Ellensburg,
Piper, May 20, 1897; Whited 311; North Yakima, 3frs. Steinweg; Leckenhij: Hender-
son; Flat 1038; Tampico, F/d< 1219; Wenache, Whited 1030; Pasco, Piper 2957; Dou-
glas County, Spillinan; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 206; Henderson, May 20, 1892;
Spokane, Piper 2945; Hangman Creek, Sandberg (& Leiberg 60; Waitsburg, Horner: Pull-
man, Piper 1789; Hull; Elmer 179; Wawawai, Piper 1505; opposite Clarkston, //orner 32;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 314; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 335.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Mr. vSuksdoi'f considers that this species is really an aggregate of several, which he dis-
tinguishes as follows, so far as the Washington species are concerned:
Corolla pale, the limb ecjually .5-lobed.
Wrings as long as the body of the fruit . T'. grayi.
Wings much shorter than the body of the fruit V . inaniillala.
534 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Corolla 2-lippod, rose-colored.
Corolla 2 to 3 mm. long; spur 2 to 3 mm. hrn^i.
Wings longer than the body of the fruit V. macroptera.
Wings shorter than the body of the fruit. T^. macrocera.
Corolla I. .5 mm. long; spur 1 mm. long F. ruheni^.
True macrocera on this basis is confined to California. The remaining segregates occur
in Washington.
2. Valerianella mamillata (Suksdorf).
Aligera tiiamiUata Suksd.; Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 147. IS97.
Type locality: Simcoe Mountains, Washington.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimens examined: Simcoe Mountains, SuJcsdorf.
This species seems to us perfectly valid, the fruit appearing long-beaked partly owing to
the short wings.
3. Valerianella congesta Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pi. lOD^. 1.827.
Plectritis congesta DC. Prod. 4: 631. 1830.
Plectritis microptera Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 119. 1897.
Betclcea major Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. II. 5: 30. 1837.
Plectritis major Hoeck; Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 3: 37. 1882.
Type locality: "Native of the north-west coast of North America." Collected by
Douglas in 1826.
Range: British Columl)ia to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 147; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898;
Tacoma, Flett 55, 55; west Klickitat County, Sulsdorf, May, 1881; Bingen, Sheldon 10220;
Cape Horn, Piper 4984.
• Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Three forms of this plant occur as to fruit, one wingless {major), the .second narrowly
winged (microptera), the third broadly winged (congesta). They are considered distinct
species by Suksdorf, but they do not differ in any character l)ut the fruit. All three forms
occur in Washington.
Plectritis congesta minor Hook. a has usually been considered a synonym of V. macrocera,
but its type locality "near the mouth of the Columbia" is a region where macrocera is not
known to occur.
4. Valerianella anomala A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.
Plectritis anomala Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 144. 1897.
Ty'pe locality : "Wet grounds on the Columbia River and near it." Collected by
Howell and l)y Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Hoquiam, Lamb 1021; Klickitat County, ,S uksd orf 2Ct; Bingen,
Sheldon 10221.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
5. Valerianella aphanoptera A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.
Plectritis aphanoptera Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 144. 1897.
Type locality: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by vSuksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf, June 9, 1882.
6. Valerianella samolifolia (DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.
Betclcea samolifolia DC. Prod. 4. 642. 1830.
Type locality: "In pascuis montanis prope la Punta de Cortes Chilensium."
Range: Washington to California. Chile.
aFI. Bor. Am. 1:291. 1834.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 535
Specimens examined: Adiuiralty Head, Piper in 1898; west Klickitat County, SiilsdorJ'
111, 332; Port Crescent, Lawrence 263.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Valerianella olitoria (L.) I'oll., tiu> cultivated "corn salad," is an occasional garden
escape.
DIPSACEAE.
1. DIPSACUS.
1. Dipsacus sylvestris Mill. Gard. Diet. cd. s. no. 1. 17()8. Teasel.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Port Tt)\viLsend, EdwaniK, July, 189(i: Spokane Deirarf, August
20, 1902; Waitsburg, Piper, July 19, 1S9G.
CUCURBITACEAE. (Joriu) Family.
1. MICRAMPELIS.
1. Micrampelis oregana (Torr. it Gr.) Greene, Pittouia 2: 129. 1890.
Meyarrhiza oregana Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 6: 74. 18.5.5.
Sicyos oreganus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 542. 1840.
EcJiinocystis oregana Cogn. Mem. Cour. Ac. Belg. 28: 87. 1878.
Sicyos anguktus L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 220. 1834.
Type locality: "On the Oregon from near its mouth to Kettle Falls." Collected by
Scouler, Douglas, and Tolmie.
Range: British Columbia to Cahfornia in the coast region. Umatilla County, Oregon.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3873; Orcas Island, Lyall in 18.58; Tacoma,
Flett 184; East Sound, Henderson, July, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 127.
Zonal distribution : Humid Transition.
CAMPANULACEAE. P.ia kbell Family.
Corolla regular; anthers separate.
Calyx lobes narrow: capsules opening by small valve-like lat-
eral openings.
Corolla rotate; earlier flowers cleistogamous Specularia (p. .536).
Corolla campanulate; no cleistogamous flowers Campanula (p. 536).
Calyx lobes large, foliaceous.
Corolla tul)ular-campanulate: capsule opening ly a hole
at the apex: no cleistogamous flowers Gitiiopsls (p. .53.5).
Corolla open-campanulate ; capsules bursting irregidarly;
earlier flowers cleistogamous Heterocodon (p. .537).
C'orolla irregular: anthers united.
Tube of the c(^rolla cleft to the base on one side Rapuntium (p. 537).
Tube of the corolla very long, not cleft Bolellv (p. .5.37).
GITHOPSIS.
1. Githopsis specularioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Pliil. Soc. 8: 2.58. 1843.
TiTE locality: "Plains near the outlet of tlic Waidamet," Oregon. Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: American Jjake, Flett, ,hino 10, 1895: ft)othills, Blue Mountains,
Tlomer 158; Waitsburg, Horner 402; without locality, Cooper; Almota, Sheldon in 1898.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
536 CONTEIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SPECTJLARIA.
1. Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Moiiogr. C'luiip. 351. 1S30.
Venus 's looking-glass.
Campanula, perfoliata L. Sp. PL 1: 169. 1753.
Legouzia perfoliata Britton, Mem. Toir. Chil) 5: 309. 1894.
Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia."
Range: Washington to Canada, southward to Utah and Texas. Mexico.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 186: Charleston, Piper, July 21, 1895;
Bingen, Suhsdorf 1548: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Fort Vancouver, G. II. Iliels,
June 24, 1890; Spokane, Henderson, July 10, 1892; Almota, Lalce cf- Hull 558; Wawawai,
Elmer 756; Piper 1888; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 901.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Tran.sition.
CAMPANULA.
Corolla lobes spreading; style longer than the corolla I. 0. scovleri.
Corolla lobes erect; style included.
Herbage puberulent; leaves all entire 4. C. srahreUa.
Herbage glabrous; at least the basal leaves not entire.
Cauline leaves linear, entire; basal orbicular or cordate 2. C. rotundifolia.
Cauline leaves spatulate-lanceolate, dentate; basal similar . 3. C. piperi.
1 . Campanula scouleri Hook. ; A. DC. Monog. Camp. 312. 1830.
Type locality: "Fort Vancouver on tlie Columbia," Washington. Collected by
Scouler.
Range: Alaska to California west of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3956; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895;
Seattle, Piper 127; upper Niscpially Valley, ^ZZen 21; Falcon Valley, ./Swi-SfZor/ 76; McAllis-
ters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Tumwater Canyon, Wenaehe
River, WUted 1454; without locality, Vasey 389, 387; Clallam County, Elmer 2741.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Hooker a distinguishes two subspecies as follows: C. scouleri hirsuivh, with tiie calyx
lobes erect, and 6'. scouleri glabra, with the calyx lobes open-spreading.
2. Campanula rotundifolia L. Sp. PI. 1: 163. 1753.
Campanula Unifolia DC. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 27. 1834.
Type locality: European.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Mexico, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 257; Piper, August 1895, 467; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Falcon Valley,
Sulcsdorf IM'd; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Horseshoe Basin, LaTce & Ilidl 557;
Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1894; Spokane Region, Spalding; Silverton, BoucJc 118; Loon
Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County, Elmer
2742; Tumwater Canyon, Whited 1454.
Zonal distribution: Transition to Hudsonian.
This species is very variable and has been considcied an aggi'egate of several species.
Our ordinary form with erect sepals and thickish leaves accords with C. pciiolata D(\''
3. Campanula piperi Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 409. 1901.
Type locality: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Range: Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Oljoiipic Mountains, FhU 125, 814; Elmer 2743; Mount Steele,
Piper 2217; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 342.
a Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 28. 1834. b Monogr. Camp. 278. 1830.
PIPER — FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASPIINGTON. 537
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species is allied to C . auriUi Greene of Alaska, to which it has heeii referred.
4, Campanula scabrella Engelni. Bet. Gaz. 6: 237. ISSl.
Type locality: "On bleak rocky ridge of Scott Mountain, west of Mt. Shasta," Cali-
fornia.
Ranc;e: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Brandegee 9o7: ^h)unt Stuart, Bidndrfjee
938; Mount Adams, Henderfton, August 10, 1892; Sithsdoif^S; Ilowtll 418.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
HETEROCODON.
1. Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 25.5. 1843.
Type LocALrrY: "Grassy plains of the Wahlamet and Oregon," Oregon. Collected Ity
Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Naches River, i7en(?«'.:i. 1847. 1^/^61.-^ ^ )K_^
Microseris nutans Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 308. 1866.
Type locality: "Declivities of Spokan and Coeur d'Aleine Mountains." Collected by
Geyer.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Klickitat River, Flett 1101; Falcon Valley, Suksdo if 420; Siiii-
coe Mountains, Howell, July, 1879; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, lAjall in 1860;
North Fork Columbia, Wilkes Expedition; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 450; Roslyn,
Whited 413; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Sprague, Henderson, May 3, 1892; Sand-
bertj db Leiberg, June, 1893; Spokane, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Piper 2266; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1612; Hull 716; without locality, Vasei/ 552;
west Klickitat County, SuksdorfdSl, 285.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
HYPOCHAERIS.
1. Hypochaeris radicata L. Sp. PI. 2: 811. 1753. ' Gosmoue.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, 6'«/(;/;(fr 378: Svdit\e, Piper, July 17,1897; Clie-
halis County, Lamh 1404; Tacoma, Flett 20.
An exceedingly troul)lesome weed in lawns, now spread over most of Western Washing-
ton. One of Flett's specimens was erroneously referred l)y Wiegand« to H.ijlabra L.,a
species not known to occur in Washington.
LEONTODON.
1. Leontodon autumnale L. Sj). PI. 2: 798. 1753. Fall dandllion.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper 75(J.
AGOSERIS.
Akenes beakless; leaves glabrous; alpine plant 1. ^1. alpestris.
Akenes beaked.
Leaves glaucous; beak of akene short, stout, nerved 2. *1. (jlauca.
Leaves not glaucous; beak of akene slender, nerveless.
Beak about as long as the body of the akene.
Flowers orange; leaves mostly entire.
Leaves lanceolate-spatulate; beak shorter than the
akene 3. ^4. aurantiaca.
Leaves narrowly linear; beak longer than the akene. 4. A. gracilerda.
oBull. Torr. Club 24: 343. 1897.
542 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HEEBARIUM.
Flowers yt'llow: loaves mostly lobed.
Akeiies with beak 12 to 15 mm. long; leaves mostly
entire 5. A. elata.
Akenes with beak 8 to 10 mm. long; leaves mo.stly
lobed (3. -i. aparrj'undes.
Beak much longer than the body of the akcne.
Annuals ; heads small 10. ^4. heteroplnjlla.
Perennials; heads large.
Apex of akene truncate; herbage tomentose 7. A. rdrorsa.
Apex of akene attenuate.
Heads 2 cm. high. 8. ^1. laciniata.
Heads 2.5 to 3 cm. high 'J. .1. (jrandifora.
1. Agoseris alpestris (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Troximon alpedre A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 70. 1883.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 248, 273, 272; Piper 2140, 493; Allen 288;
Mount Adams, Sulcsdoif ■i'Z'I; near Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2. Agoseris glauca (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Troximon (jlaucum Nutt. Gen. 2: 128. 1818.
Ty'pe LOCALITY': "On the banks of the Missouri."
Range; British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon, Colorado, and Dakota.
Specimens examined; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Ellensl)urg,
Whited 507; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 490;
Spangle, Piper 2873; Spokane, C. A. Rarrtm in 1883; Spokane County, Suksdorf 383;
Beaver Creek, Whited 233; Loomis, Elmer 552; Pullman, Piper 3, 1769, 1862; Union Flat,
Hull, July 18, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 345; Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 930; without
locality, Vasey 557 ; Clarks Springs, Kreager 104.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2a. Agoseris glauca scorzoneraefolia (Schrad.).
Ammogeton scorzoneraejolium Schrad. Cat. Sem. Goett. 7. 1833.
Troximon glaucum dasycephcdum Torr. &. Gr. Fl. 2: 490. 1843.
Agoseris scorzoneraefolia Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Type locality: "America borealis arctica."
Range: Nearly identical with that of A. glauca.
Specimens examined: Spokane County, Geyer 666; Fort Simcoe, Lyall in 1S60; Pull-
man, Piper 3027, 3029, 3536.
This plant differs from A. glauca only in having a pubescent involucre. It is scarcely
worth nomenclatorial recognition.
2b. Agoseris glauca aspera (Rydberg).
Agoseris leoidodon asperuin Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 457. 1900.
Troximon glaucum aspei-um Piper, Mazama 2: 96. 190l.
Type locality'; Mount Chauvet, Idaho.
Range: Washington to Mentana.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2149; AUen 226; Wenache Mountains,
Elmer 455; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer September, 1897.
Zonal distribution: ^\Tctic.
3. Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Troximon aui-antiacuni Ilook. Fl. Bor. ^Im. 1: 300. pi. lOJf.. 1833.
Type locality: "Alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains."
PIPER FLOEA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 543
IvANGE: British C'uluiiihia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined; Mount Rainier, Tolmie; Allen 37, 287; Piper 2145, 21.57-
Mount Adams, Sukadorf 196, 575; Skamania County, Suhsdorf; Klickitat River, Hender-
son, August 3, 1892; Atanum River, Henderson, August 3, 1892; east side Cascade
]\Iountains, LyaU in 1860; Wenaclie Mountains, Elmer 445, 451; between Wenaciie and
Elienslnirg, Whited, August 13, 1896; Horseshoe Basin, Lake cC' Hull, August 24, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Iludsonian and Arctic.
4. Agoseris gracilenta (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1.S91.
Troximon gracilens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 71. 1883.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington Terr." Collected by
Lyal], by Nevius, and by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington and Oregon to Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2198; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Ujall in 1860; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 425, 576; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August
10, 1886; Leavenworth, Savage 29; Nason Creek, Sandherg .('. (jJareosa.
Plants 40 to 60 cm. high ; involucre with 5 to 10 principal bracts.
Involucre bearing bristle-like appendages on the l)ack .... i). C '. harhirjera.
Involucre without bristle-like appendages.
Bracts of the involucre glabrous 7. C. acuminata.
Bracts of the involucre canescent 8. 6'. gracilis.
1. Crepis nana Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. 2. 757. 1823.
Type locality: "On the Copper Mine River."
Range: Arctic regions, south to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, i<7(« 810; Mount Adams, »S'ui-A(/o// in 1904.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
2. Crepis runcinata (James) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 487. 1843.
Ilieraciuin ri/nci/ifl^/m James, Long Exped. 1: 453. 1823.
Crepidium runcinatum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 436. 1841.
Type locality: "In depressed grassy situations along the Platte."
R.4NGE: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Utah and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Ellensberg, Piper 2665; Whiied 695; Toppenish, Henderson,
May 28, 1892; Wilbur, Henderson, in 1889, July 12, 1892; without locality, Vasoj;
Sprague, Sandberg d; Leiberg 208; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1217.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Crepis virens L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 1134. 1763.
Malacothrix crepoides A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12-: 49. 1860.
Crepis cooperi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 214. 1874.
Type locality: "Habitat in Helvctiae, Italiae agris."
Specimens examined: Olympia, Eincaid, July 4, 1896; Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895;
SuJcsdorflQAO; Clarke County, Suksdorf 29; Tacoina, Piper.
29418— OG M 35
546 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Crepis occidentalis J^utt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 29. 1834.
Psilachenia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 437. 1841.
Type locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett, August, 1888; near Lyle, SuJcsdorf
875; near Cleveland, SuksdorfSSl; Wenache, Whited 1087, 13.50; "on the borders and in
in the vicinity of the river Columbia," Wyeth; Wawawai, Piper 1784; Elmer 747; Blue
Mountains, Piper 2438; Wenas, Griffiths d^ Cotton 72.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
5. Crepis rostrata Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 564. 1896.
Type locality: "Near Crab Creek, Douglas County, Washington." Collected by Sand-
berg & Leiberg.
Range: British Columbia and eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: iNorth Yakmia, Mrs. Steimveg in 1894; Cleman Mountain, TZc/i-
(Zerson, June 11, 1892; Klickitat County, //oioe/Z 1879; between Naches and Wenache rivers,
Pickering <& Brackenridge in 1841; Coulee City, Piper 3866; near Crab Creek, Sandberg cfc
Leiberg 225.
Zonal distribittion: Upper Sonoran.
6. Crepis glareosa Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 42. 1901.
Type locality: Ellensburg, Washington.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper 2704 (type).
7. Crepis acuminata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 437. 1841.
Type locality: "Plains of the Platte." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer 383: Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg tfc
Leiberg 232.
8. Crepis gracilis (D. C. Eaton) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 461. 1900.
Crepis occidentalis gracilis D. C. Eaton; S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 203. 1871.
Crepis intermedia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1^: 432. 1884.
Type locality: Middle Park, Colorado.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1112; Ellensburg, Whited 455; Toppenish,
Henderson in 1892; Wenas, Lyall in 1860; Naches Valley, Piper 2737; without locality,
Vasey 571, 572,573; Spokane County, SuJcsdorf 379; Douglas County, Spillman; Colton,
Piper 2883; Wawawai, Elmer 1401, 761; Almota, Piper; without locality, Wilkes Expedi-
tion; Waitsburg, Horner 167; Conconully, Griffiths cC- Cotton 269.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
9. Crepis barbigera Leiberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 565. 1896.
Type locality: "Near Alkali Lake, Douglas County, WashingtoiL" Collected by
Sandberg & Leiberg.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mountains north Ellensburg, Whited 659; Ellensburg, Zi'/wer 392;
Piper; Wenache, Whited 455,1183; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1183: Klickitat County,
SuJcsdoif 777 in part; near Alkali Lake, Sandberg ct Leiberg 313; Spokane Prairie, Suksdorf
378; Piper 2264, 2637; Spangle, Piper 2874.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
HIERACIUM. Hawkweed.
Stems many-leaved; involucre imbricated.
Lower part of stem pilose 1 . 77. columbianum.
Lower part of stem glabrous. /. 2. 77. canadense.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 547
Stems few-lcavcd; iuvoliK-ie a series of equal bracts and a lew short
calyeulate ones.
Flowers white; involucre nearly glabrous 3. If. alhiforum.
Flowers yellow.
Heads small, black-hairy 4. //. (jmcile.
Heads larger; not black-hairy.
Involucre densely long-hairy.
Cauline leaves ample, half-clasping at the broad
l)ases 5. //. hnglherhe.
Cauline leaves much reduced 6. //. scoitlcri.
Involucre with few or no long hairs.
Leaves densely hirsute 7. II. gri.ttum.
Leaves nearly smooth 8. //. cyuoglossoldes.
1. Hieracium columbianum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28:513. 1901.
Type locality: "Priest lliver Valley," Idaho.
Range: North Idaho and adjacent Washington.
Specimens examined: Dartford, Ereager, September 12, 1903; Loon Lake, Winston,
July 20, 1897; Spokane County, Sulcsdorf 935; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 510.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Hieracium canadense Michx. Fl. 2: 86. 1803.
Type locality: "Ilab. in Canada."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Oregon and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Loomis Elmer 570; Pullman Piper, August 5, 1893; Elnttr 307;
Spokane Piper, July 26, 1896; Coupeville Gardner 422.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Hieracium albifiorum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1833.
'i Ilieraciuni Vancouver ianiun Arvet-Touv. Spicil. Ilier. 10. 1874.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains north of Smoking River, Lat. 56°." Collected by
Urummond.
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3918; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 113; Seattle, Piper 502;
Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; upper Niscjually Valley, Allen 11; Skagit Pass, Lake
d- Hull, August 24, 1892; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suk.sdoif 427; Nason
Creek, Sandberg cE- Leiberg 611; Conconully, Whited 1323; Bridge Creek, Elmer 688, in
1897; Tukanon River, Za^-e 742; Mount Carlton, Z/s River, Piper
2666.
2. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Herl). Brit. 1: 47. 1769.
Sonchus oleraceus asper L. Sp. PI. 2: 794. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, lFa«, August, 1895; Tukanon River, /^(/Zt, Jul\' 2,
1892; Pullman, Hull 807.
3. Sonchus oleraceus L. Sp. PI. 2: 794. 1753.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, Jul\' 10, 1895.
550 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
AMBROSIACEAE. Ragweed Family.
Heads with both staininate and pistillate flow-ers; involucre open Iva.
Heads unisexual: pistillate heads usually spiny.
Bracts of staniinate heads separate; pistillate heads forming an oblong
bur Xanthium.
Bracts of staminate heads united.
Pistillate flowers solitary in each head; spines in a single series Ambrosia.
Pistillate flowers 1 to 4 in each head; spines in several series Gaertneria.
IVA.
Heads in dense panicles; leaves ovate or orbicular, coarsely serrate I. /. .ranthiifolia.
Heads in axillary racemes; leaves oblong or obovate, mostly entire 2. /. axillaris.
1. Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. Gen. 2: 185. 1814.
Iva paniculata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 347. l«4u.
Type locality: "Near Fort Mandan," North Dakota.
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Utah and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suhsdorf 355; Leavenworth, Whited
1447; Pullman, Piper 1381; Spokane, Kreager 532.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Iva axillaris Pursh, Fl. 2: 743. 1814.
Type locality: "In upper Louisiana." Collected by Bradbury.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1133; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 450; Wash-
tucna, Elmer 1038; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Lake <& Hull, August 7, 1897;
Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 739; Junction, Crab, and Wilson creeks, Sandberrj & Leiberg
318.
Zonal distribution: Uj^per Sonoran.
XANTHIUM. Cocklebur.
Leaves lanceolate, not cordate, bright green above, white-tomentose
beneath, the axils bearing spines 1. A'. spi7iosum.
Leaves ovate to orbicular, cordate; axils without spines.
Body of the burs 2.5 to 3 cm. long; spines about 1(X), hispid,
.strongly hooked 2. A^. speciosum.
Body of the burs 1.5 to 2 cm. long.
Spines about 20, approximately as long as the body of the
narrowly oblong bur 3. A'. oUgacanthum.
Spines 50 to 70.
Burs oblong or slightly ovate; spines about 50, each two-
thirds as long as the diameter 4. A. affine.
Burs ovate; spines about 70, each one-half as long as
the diameter 5. A. varians.
1. Xanthium spinosum L. Sp. PI. 2: 987. 1753.
Type locality: " Habitat in Lusitania."
Specimens examined: Columbia River, 5raft<7ff/ec 889, Colfax, Pi/w 1591.
Becoming common as a weed in various parts of eastern Washington; locally knov^n as
"Chinese Thistle."
2. Xanthium speciosum Kearney, Bull. Toir. Ciiil) 24: 574. 1897.
Xanthium silphiifolium Greene, Pittonia 4; GO. 1899.
Type locality: " Near Wolf Creek Station," Tennes.see.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 551
Range: Washington, Oregon, Missouri, Tennosseo.
Specimens examined: White Salmon, 5'mI.sv/o// 189; Wawawai, Pi/^tv- 1593.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Xanthiuni oligacanthum sp. no v.
Stem erect or spreading, 30 to 60 cm. high, sparsely hispid; leaves reniform-orbicular,
obscurely lobed and crenate, harshly scabrous, hispid on both faces, the petioles as long
or longer than the blades; fi-uiting involucres oblong, the body l.T) cm. long, 5 to 7 mm.
thick, the stout beaks somewhat incurved; prickles 15 to 25, uncinate-tipped, about as
long as the diameter of the fmit; surface of the fruit and base of prickles pubescent.
Bolles, Walla Walla County, Piper, September IS, 1893; also found at Waitsburg l)y
Horner (no. B 272). The type is in the National Herbarium. This differs from any other
American species in the small size of tiie fruit and the relatively few pi'ickles.
4. Xanthium affine Greene, Pittonia 4: 60. 1899.
Type locality: " Sandy banks of the Columbia River, Klickitat County, Washington."
Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulsdorf 1583: Spokane, KrecKjer 537;
Piper September 1, 1899.
5. Xanthiuni varians (ireene, Pittonia 4: 59. 1899.
Type locality: "Sandy banks of tlie Columl)ia River, Klickitat County, Washington."
Collected by Suksdoi'f.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, (SmA-si^oz/L^SS; Waitsluirg, //o/ne;- 273 B.
Xanthium echinatum Mun-. and Xanthium strumarium L. are names which appear
in Suksdorf's list, l)ut they are erronet)Us determinations of some of the above species.
AMBROSIA. Ragweed.
Leaves all opposite; receptacle without chalf 1. ^1. frijida.
Leaves opposite and alternate; receptacle chaffy.
Fruiting involucre spiny; leaves thin 2. A. arteinisiaefolia.
Fruiting involucre tuhercled ; leaves thick 3. .1. psilosfachya.
1. Ambrosia trifida L. Sp. PL 2: 987. 1753.
Type locality: " In Virginia, Canada. "
Range: Saskatchewan and Canada to Texas and Florida.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897 (introduced).
2. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L. Sp. PI. 2: 988. 1753.
Ty'pe locality: " Habitat in Virginia; Pennsylvania."
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas.
Specimens examined: Mission, Kreager 495.
2a. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia diversifolia subsp. nov.
Leaves becoming progressive!}' less deeply lobed upwai'd, those of tlie upper third of
the plant mostly entire, these ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, narrowed al^riiptly
to a subsessile base, 3-nerved.
On the gravelly banks of Alniota Creek at Alraota, Piper, August 26, 1894 (no. 1837).
At this place it seems urKjuestionabl}' to be native. The entire or subentire upper leaves
present a peculiar characteristic which does not seem to be approached in any eastern
specimens. The plant may represent a distinct species, but in the absence of more abun-
dant material it seems 1)est to treat it as above.
The t3^pe is in the National Herbarium.
552 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Prod. 5: 526. 1836.
Type locality: "In Mexico, inter San Fernando et Matamoras."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897; Pullman, Piper, October
10, 1897.
Apparently an introduced plant in Washington.
GAERTNERIA.
Not maritime ; annual, erect or spreading 3. 6^. acanthicarpa.
Maritime species; prostrate perennials.
Leaves 2 to 3 pinnately parted 1. G. hipinnatlfiJa
Leaves cuneate-obovate, serrate or laciniate 2. G. chantissonis.
1. Gaertneria bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 339. 1891.
Franseria bipinnatijiila Nutt. Trans. Am. Pliil. Soc. 7: 344. 1840.
Type locality: " Sea coast of Upper California, (St. Barbara, St. Diego, &c.)"
Range: Seacoast, Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Ilwaco, Z7e?MZerso7i, September 7, 1892; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper;
Puget Sound, Henderson 21; Port Angeles, Piper 2307; Fairhaven, Piper, July 2, 1897;
Whatcom County, Suksdorf 976; Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 101.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Gaertneria chamissonis (Less.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 339. 1891.
Franseria chamissonis Less.; DC. Prod. 5: 524. 1836.
Franseria cuneifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 507. 1840.
Type locality: California.
Range: Seacoasts, Wasliington to California.
Specimens examined: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper in 1854.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Gaertneria acanthicarpa (Hook.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 6: 382. 1894.
Andirosia acanthicarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 309. 1833.
Franseria hooJceriana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 345. 1840.
Franseria acanthicarpa Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 129. 1893.
Type locality: "Banks of the Saskatchewan and Red Rivers."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Arizona and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, S'wlsaiiK'd Bidens (p. 578).
Awn-like scales 2, subulate Coreopsis (p. 579).
Pappus wanting, or crown-like, or of short teeth.
Receptacle elongate-cylindric Rudheckia (p. 579).
Receptacle flat or convex.
Rays pistillate and fertile.
Pappus none Balsamorhiza (p. 580).
Pappus a toothed crown Wyetiiia (p. 581).
Rays neutral.
Akenes flat and thin Helianthem.a (p. 582).
Akenes prismatic Helianthus (p. 582).
HELENIEAE.
Bracts of the involucre in two series: receptacle naked; pap-
pus none Jaumea (p. 582).
Bracts of the involucre in one series.
Akenes linear, 4-angled.
Bracts of the involucre united Eriophyllum (p. 583).
Bracts of the involucre separate, linear.
Heads radiate.
Pappus scales thin, blunt; viscid pereimial. Hulsea (p. 583).
Pappus scales awn-like; annual Rigiopappus (p. 583).
Heads rayless, but marginal flowers enlarged;
pappus scales blunt, hyaline Chaenactis (p. 583).
Akenes obpyraniidal.
Receptacle bristly Gaillardia (p. 584).
Receptacle naked.
Akenes 4-5 angled; pappus scales 10 to 20 Hymenopappus (p. 584).
Akenes 8-10 ribbed; pappus scales 5 or 6 Helenium (p. 584).
ANTIIEMIDEAE.
Ray flowers present.
Receptacle chafl'y.
Involucre narrow; rays short Achillea (p. 584).
Involucre broad : rays conspicuous Antiiemis (p. 585).
Receptacle naked Chrysanthemum (p. 585).
Ray flowers none.
Receptacle conical Matricaria (p. 585).
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 555
Receptacle not conical.
Heads slender-peduncled ; pistillate flowers apetalous . Cotula (p. 586).
Heads clustered; corollas present.
Pappus a short crown; heads corynibed Tanacetum (p. 58G).
Pappus none; heads racemose or panicled Artemisia (p. 586).
SENECIONEAE.
Shrub; involucre of 4 to 6 concave bracts Tetkadymia (p. 59(J).
Herbs.
Leaves all or mostly opposite Arnica ( p. 5fl0)
Leaves alternate.
Flowers whitish or pinkish; heads raylcss.
Leaves large, palmately lobed, mostly basal.
Styles united nearly to the apex Petasites ( p 593).
Styles united about half way Cacaliopsis ( p. 594 ).
Leaves entire ; stems leafy.
Heads about 10-flowered, coiymbed Litina (p. 594).
Heads 4 to 6-flowered, paniculate Rainiera (p. 594 ).
Flowers yellow; rays present (except in a few species of
Senecio).
Livolucre hemispheric; heads solitary Crocidium (p. 594).
Involucre campanulate; heads usually corymbose Senecio (p. 595).
INULEAE.
Pappus capillary, at least in pistillate flowers.
Plants dioecious or polygamo-dioecious.
Pappus of staminate flowers clavate Antennaria (p. 601 ).
Pappus of all the flowers similar Anaphalis (p. 606).
Plants not dioecious; flowers all fertile Gnaphalium (p. 606).
Pappus none.
Receptacle naked; leaves large, green alcove Adenocaulon (p. ()07).
Receptacle chaft'y ; leaves small, woolty Psilocarphus (p. 607).
CYNAREAE.
Akenes obliquely attached by one side at base.
Heads not subtended by bristly leaves Centaurea (p. 608).
Heads sessile, subtended by bnstly leaves Cnicus (p. 608).
Akenes attached by the very base, not oblique.
Filaments monadelphous below Sii-ybum ( p. ()09).
Filaments distinct.
Leaves and usually the involucral bracts prickly Cardhus (p. 609).
Leaves not prickly.
Heads globose, the l)racts hook-tipped Arctium (p. 61 1 ).
Heads oblong, the bracts unarmed Saussurea (p. 611).
EUPATORIUM.
1. Eupatorium occidentale Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 305. 1833.
Krystenia ocddentalis Greene, Leaflets 1 : 9. 1903.
Type locality: "On the low hills between the north and south branch of Lewis and
Clarks River in stony places." Collected bv Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, SiihsiLirf 865; Ellensburg, Elmer 423
1084; Klickitat River, SuJcsdorf, July 16, 1886.
556 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HEEBARIUM.
COLEOSANTHUS.
Leaves cordate-triangiilar, coarsely tootlied I. C. grand ijlorus.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire.
Akenes glandular 2. C. ohlongifoUus.
Akenes hispid, not glandular 3. V. linifolius.
1. Coleosanthus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 328. 189L
Brickellia grandijlora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 287. 1840.
Type locality: "In the Rocky Mountain range by streams in gravelh' places, and west
to the lower falls of the Columbia." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Montana to New Mexico and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Piper 2381 ; Kreager 542, 547; Spokane Falls, Geyer
452; Blue Mountains, Salmon River, Homer 351.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
2. Coleosanthus oblongifolius (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 328. 1891.
BricMlia ohhngifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 288. 1840.
Type locality': "Gravel bars of the Columbia and tributarj' streams, and along the
Wahlamet, common." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Peshastin, Samlberg t& Leiherg 491 ; Klickitat Prairie, TIovvU:
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 710; Umtanum Creek, Cotton
819.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Coleosanthus linifoUus (Eaton) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 328. 1891.
BricJceUia linifoUa Eaton in S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 137. fl. 15. 1871.
Type locality^: "Sandy bottoms of American Fork, Jordan Valley, Utah."
Range : Washington to Utah and Arizon-a.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer 369; Piper 2745; Whited 690, 574; Egbert.
Springs, Samlberg & Leiherg 408; Yakima region, Brandegee 836; Spokane, Henderson 2277;
Pi/w; bai-s of Touchet River, i7o/7i€/' 354; Spokane Bridge, Saiulberg, AIcDouyal, & Heller
911. .
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
GRINDELIA.
Heads small, 0 to 8 mm. high; bracts scjuarrose.
Rays present 1. G. n/ina.
Rays wanting _ _ la. G. nana colurnbiana.
Heads larger; bracts not scjuarrose.
Cauline leaves broadest at base 2. G. integrifolia.
Cauline leaves narrowest at base.
Stems suffrutescent 3. G. hendersoni.
Stems herbaceous 4. G. oregana.
1. Grindelia nana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 314. 1840.
Type locality: "Forests of Oregon, near Fort Vancouver, etc." Collected 1)V Nuttall.
Range: Washington to W^'oming and California.
Specimens examined: Fort Vancouver, Nuttall; Chelan, Ehncr 498; Spangle, Snl-Hdorf
333; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Belmont, Piper 1833; St. Johns, ZaA-e cf' Hull 754;
Pullman, Hardwick, August 18, 1895; Waitsburg, Homer 566.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
la. Grindelia nana colurnbiana nom. no v.
Grindelia discoidea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 315. 1840, not Hook. & Arn. 1836.
Grindelia nana discoidea A. Gray, Syn. Fl. cd. 2. 1-: 119. 1884.
PIPER FLOEA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 557
Ti'PE locality: "On the banks of the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Oregon and Washington.
Speclviens examined: West KHckitat County, SuksdorflS9; White Bind" Ferry, Lake <&
//«H 753 and August 11, 1892; without locality, Coo/jer; Wenaclie, Whited 1151; Wilson
Creek, Lake d' Hull 753: Toppenish, Cotton 780.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition.
2. Grindelia integrifolia DC. Prod. 7: 315. 1836.
(h'indelia virgata Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 314. 1840.
Type locality: "N. W. America."
Range: Oregon and W^ashington.
Specimens examined: Fort Vancouver, Piper 3805; Tolinie.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
3. Grindelia hendersoni Greene, Pittonia 2: IS. 1889.
Ty'PE LOCALITY": " Luiiimi Island," Washington. Collected by Henderson
Range: Known only from the type locality.
SpEcniENS examined: Lummi Island, Henderson 1676.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This is perhaps only a perennating form of the following.
4. Grindelia oregana A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-: 118. 1884.
Type locality: Oregon.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon along the coiist.
Specdiens ex.vmined: Steilacooni, SucMey; Port Ludlow, Binns, September 15, 1890
1890; Orcas Island, Henderson 2300; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Oyluit, Lamb 1270
Rock Island, San Juan County, Henderson 2300; Tacoma, Flett 119; Seattle, Piper 2865
Union City, Piper in 1890: Stuart Island, Lawrence 38; Copalis Conard 387.
Zonal distribution: Humid Tiansition.
Grindelia hirsutula Hook. & Arn. is listed by Suksdorf, but we find no evidence of its
belonging to our flora.
CHRYSOPSIS.
Rays none 1. C. oregana.
Rays present.
Leaves canescent, strigose, or hirsute 2. C. riUosa.
Leaves green, hirsute and liispid 3. U. hispidu.
1. Chrysopsis oregana (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 543. 1865.
Aniinodia oregana Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 32. 1840.
Type locality : "On the sand and gravel banks of the Oregon and its tributary streams."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2194, 1063; Elleiisburg, Whited 576,
689.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Chrysopsis villosa (Punsh) Nutt.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834.
Aiuellus riUosus Pursh, Fl. 2: 564. 1814.
Diplopappus villosus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834.'
Type locality^: "On the Missouri."
Range: British Columl)ia to Saskatchewan, south to California and .Alabama.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 153; Rock Island, Sandberg cfe Leiberg
454; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Wenache, Whited 7; Ellensburg, Whited 575;
near Colville, Lyall in 1860; Similkameen, LyaU in 1860; Wawawai, Piper, July 8, 1898;
Elmer 1017; Illia, Lake & Hull 752; Box Canyon, Kreager 397; Meyers Falls, Kreager 516.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran, mainly.
558 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Chrysopsis hispida (Hook.) Nutt.; DC. Prod. 7: 279. 1S39.
■Diplopapjms hispidus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834.
Chrysopsis hirsuta Greene, Pittonia 3: 296. 1898.
Type locality: "Carlton-House Fort."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Texas and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane, Piper 2385;
Granddalles, Cotton 1550.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
CHRYSOTHAMNUS. Rabbit brush.
Bracts of the involucre attenuate, acute 4. C. hlooinert.
Bracts of the involucre obtuse or obtusish.
Stems glabrous.
Heads few; plant 15 to 30 cm. high 1. C. jmmilus.
Heads numerous; plant .5 to 2 m. high 2. C. v'lscidifiorvs .
Stems more or less pubescent 3. C nauaeosas.
1. Chrysothamnus pumilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 323. 1840.
Bigeloria douglnsu piiinUa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-: 140. 1884.
Type locality: "On the border of Lewis River and the Rocky Mountain plains." Col-
lected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington and Montana to Utah.
Specimens examined: Yakima region, Bramlegce in 1882.
2. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840.
Crinitaria viscidtfora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 24. 1834.
Bigelovia viscidiflora DC. Prod. 7: 279. 1838.
Bigelovia douglasii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873.
Type locality: "On the barren plains of the Columbia from the Great Falls to the
mountains, and along Salmon River." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Dakota, south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Ellensburg, Whiied 855;
North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1328; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 481; Egbert Springs, Sandherg cfc Leiherg 382; Chelan, Elmer 852; Coulee
City, Lake cfc Htdl 732; without locality Vasey 509; mouth of Snake River, Cooper.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2a. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus lanceolatus (Nutt.) Greene, Erythca 3: 95. 1895.
Chrysothainnus lanceolatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840.
Bigelovia douglasii lanceolata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-: 140. 1884.
Type locality: "Toward the source of the Platte and on the Ijaiiks of Lewis River."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington lo Montana and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Tampico, Flett 1026.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
3. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britton in Britt. & Bi. 111. Fl. 3: 326. 1898.
Chrysocotna iiauseosa Pall.; Pursh, Fl. 2: 517. 1814.
Chrysothamnus speciosus albicaulis Nutt. Trans. AnL Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840.
Bigelmna graveolens albicaulis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri."
Range: Washington to Alberta, south to California and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Yakima Region, Cooper; Ellensburg, Whited 856; Uintanum
Creek, Cotton 895; Prosser, Cotton 897; Blue Mountains, Horner 327; Wawawai, Piper 1571;
Quillamene Creek, Cotton 1790.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 559
3a. Chrysothamnus nauseosus graveolens (Niitt.)-
Ckrysocoma graveolens Nutt. Gen. 2: 136. 1818.
Bigelovia gravolens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873.
Chrysothamnus speciosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Pliil. Soc. 7: 323. 1840.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Missouri in denudated .soils."
Kange: British Columbia to Dakota, south to Cahfornia and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, /?«7M?e/so/i, October 5, 1892; Watt, August, 1895;
Wonache, Whitedl327 ; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 481; White Blufl's, Z'wrm, Septem-
ber 13, 1902; Egbert Springs, Sandberg cS; Leiherg 344; Chelan, Elmer 851; Coulee Ci'.}^
Lake ci' Hull 733; Spokane, Sandberg, McDougal, cfc Heller 913.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Chrysothamnus bloomeri Greene, Erythea 3: 115. 1895.
Aplopappus bloomeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 541. 1865.
Type locality: "Mount Davidson, Nevada."
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 190; Yakima Region, Brandegee 843;
Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1880; Big Klickitat River Cotton 1490; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Mitchell Creek, Okanogan County, Gorman 835 (erroneously referred to
Aplopappus watsoni); Mount Adsuns, Henderson d; Fleti 1068; Falcon \ -edhy, Sulcsdorf,
October 3, 1881.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
ERICAMERIA.
1. Ericaineria nana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 319. 1840.
Ericameria resinosa Nutt. loc. cit.
Aplopappus nanus D. C. Eaton in Wats. Bot. King Explor. 159. 1871.
Type locality: "On shelving rocks on the Blue Mountains of Oregon." Collected by
Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Idaho and Nevada.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 338; mountains north of
Ellensburg, Whited 862; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894: Yakima Region, Bran-
degee 845; Chelan, Elmer 855: Alkali Lake, Sandberg dc Leiberg 418; clifl's at the mouth of
tile Tukanon, Piper.
ZoN2\L distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
HOOREBEKIA.
Bracts of the involucre rigid.
Rays inconspicuous or wanting; leaves coriaceous or nearly so.
Heads large, solitary or few, discoid 1.7/. carthamoides.
Heads middle-sized, racemose; rays small 2. H. racemosa.
Rays conspicuous.
Leaves membranaceous, serrate, hirsute or villous 3. H. hirta.
Leaves coriaceous, entire, glabrous A. H. hallii.
Bracts of the involucre not rigid; leaves entire.
Plants herbaceous, low.
Involucre glandular; stems leafy 5. //. Igallii.
Involucre woolly; stems naked or nearly so G. H. lanuginosa.
Plants shnibby, at least at base.
Leaves linear, very narrow, scabrous 7. H. stenopJiylla.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-spatulate, puberulent S. H. greenei.
1. Hoorebekia carthamoides (Hook.)
Pyrrocoma carthamoides Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 307. pi. 107. 1833.
Aplopappus carthamoides A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 65. 1863.
560 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ti-i'E locality: " Northwest coast of America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specemens examined: Yakima region, Brandegee 841; Klickitat Prairie, Howell in
1880; White Salmon, -S^itscZor/ 391 ; Tshimikaine [Chamokane], y iXuttall.
Range: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Shoahvater Bay, Cooper; Fort Nis(iiiaii\', Wilkes Ej-jMdUlon ,
Coupeville, Gardner 423.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
EUTHAMIA.
1. Euthaniia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Piiil. Soe. 7: 321). 1840.
Solidago occidentalis Torr. & Or. Fl. N. Am. 2: 226. 1841.
Type locality: "Banks of the Oregon and Walilamet, and Lewis River.'' Collected \>y
Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper, August 1892; Nortli Yakima, Ifr;^/, August, 1895;
Ellensburg, Whited 5S9; banks of Coluini)ia, 5rar)(/t(7ee 868; Okanogan River, Watsoji 190;
Coulee City, Lake cfc Hull 793; Spokane, Elmer 869; Piper, October 1, 1900; Pullman, Piper
4114; vSpokane, Kreager 550; Prosser, Colton 887: Vancouver, Sheldon 11290.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Transition.
TOWNSENDIA.
1. Townsendia fiorifer (Hook.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 84. 18S0.
Townsendia strigosa Nutt. err. det. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 344. 1874.
Erigeron florifer Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 20. 1834.
Type locality: "Near Priests Rapids of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Tampico, Fleit 1107; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 347; opposite
Willows, Howell; Wenas Valley, Lyall in 1860; Yakima Reservation, Miss Coo/c;/, July,
1891; North Yakima, Wait, August, 1895; Steinweg in 1894; Ellensburg, Piper 2687;
Pasco, Piper 2988; Elmer 1058; Hindshaiv 9: without locality, Henderson in 1892: Coulee
City, Piper 3862; Ritzville, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 169.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
ERIGERON.
Rays conspicuous, much surpassing the disk.
Root stout, perennial or perennating by olfsets.
Tall species with flat, rather broad and large
leaves.
Rays narrow, 100 to 15(J; involucre smooth
or hirsute, not viscid.
Leaves entire; involucre usually hirsute;
not stoloniferous 1 . E. speciosus.
Leaves dentate; involucre smooth; stol-
oniferous 16. E. ])hilas dentate, l)roadly spatu-
late.
Involucre glandular; stems
not producing ofl'sets. .. . 13. E . Icihc.rgii.
Involucre glabrate; stems
producing rosulate ofl'sets. 15. E.arajmius.
Leaves entire: in\olucre not
glandular.
Kays white, leaves linear-
lanceolate - - . 8 E. iicvadciisls.
Rays violet.
Involucre very woolly. 14. E. uidjlorus.
Involucre hispidulous . 7. E. polios-pennus.
Roots annual, liljrous; leaves toothed or lobed.
Stems diil'usely Ijranched; rays pink 100 to 120. . . 17. E. diveiyens.
Stems erect, branched al)ove: rays white 40 to 60. . 18. E. rajnosus.
Rays very short or wanting.
Plants low, root stout, perennial: heads solitary to
numerous.
Leaves tcMiiately cleft or parted: involucre hirsute. 9b. E. comjiositusdiscoidcus.
Lea\('s linear or linear-spatulate, narrow: invo-
hu'ri; villous 20. E. Uoumtri.
Plants tali: heads .several to numerous.
Rays wanting; heads cymose; leaves lirm: root pe-
rennial 19. E. cnidiatus.
Rays present, short.
Heads {janiculate: involucre glabrous; root an-
nual 21 . E. canadensis.
Heads corymbose; involucre hirsute at least
at base; roots biennial.
Tall, 30 to 60 cm. ; heads many 22. E. acris.
Low 10 to 20 cm. ; heads few 22 a. E. acris dehilis.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 565
1. Erigeron speciosus DC. Prod. 5: 284. 1833.
Stenactis speciosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1577. 1833.
Type locality: "California." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to southern Oregon, Idaho, and Colorado.
Speclmens examined: Olympic Mountains, FleU 812: Whidl)y Island, Gardner 175;
Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 189.5; Lopez Island, Z;/«7Z in 1858; Olympia, HeUcv 1041: Fort
Vancouver, Tohnie; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1110: Peshastin, Sandhenj d' Leiberg 470:
Upper N aches River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; along Twisp River, Whiied 41: Leaven-
worth, Whited, August 6, 1S9G; Tieton River, Cotton 439; upper Nisqually ^"alley, Allen 222:
west Klickitat County, Sulcfidorf 561; Falcon Valley, Sulcsdorf 401: Yakima region, Bran-
degeeSSO; Conconully, Whited 1317; Wenache foothills, Whited 1295, 1182; Trout Lake,
Flett 1090: Loomis, Elmer 578; Fort Colville to Cascades, Zyw// in 1860: without locality,
Vasey 513.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Erigeron saluginosus (Richards.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 93. 1881.
Aster mlsuginosi/.s Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 2: 748. 1823.
Type locality: "On the Salt Plains in the Athabasca."
Range: Alaska to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, ^ZZen 30; -Smi/A, August, 1890: Pipe/- 2148; Cas-
cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Adams, Sulsdorf 5()(); Flett 1092;
upper Atanum River, Henderson, August, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandherg cfc Leiherg 353;
Cascade Mountains, Y&kima. CoMniy, Henderson, August, 1892: near Skagit Pas.s, LoX'g cfe "
//uZZ, August 27, 1892; between Wenache and Ellensburg, W7/i/«/, August, 1896; Yakima
region, Brandegee 876; without locality, Vasey 510.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Arctic.
2a. Erigeron salsuginosus angustifolius A. Gray, Proc Am. .Vcad. 16: 93. 1880.
Type locality: "California."
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, ^4//e?i 142; Silvcrton, /jof/c/- 110; "^'jikima region,
Brandegee 877.
3. Erigeron membranaceus Greene, Pittonia 3: 294. 1898.
Type locality: "Eastern Oregon" in the Blue Mountains. Collected l)y Cusick.
Range: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, Piper 2401.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
4. Erigeron hispidissimus (Hook.)
Erigeron strigosus hispidissimus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 18. 1834.
Erigeron condnnus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 174. 1841.
Distasis concinna Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 350. 1840.
Type locality: "Plentiful in the vallies of the Blue Mountains and of the Spokane
River." Collected by Douglas.
Range; British Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 447; North Yakima, Mrs. Sleinircg in 1S94;
Watt in 1895; Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; Wenache, Whiied, ^uh, 18!)5. and 1098;
Bickhton, Sulcsdorf S52, Naches, Lijallxn 1860, Rattlesnake Mountains, (7o//on 403; Pasco,
Hindshaw 51; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg & Leiherg 236; Ritzville, Sandherg & Lei-
herg 195; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Medical Lake, Henderson 2302, 2304; Moses Coulee, LnJce
& Hull 696; Spokane, Piper 2275, 1831; Savage 14; Ehner 375; befween Coulee City and
Waterville, SpiUman. May, 1896; Waitsburg, Horner 170; Brewster, Griffdhs d- Cotton 348.
Zonal distribution; Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
506 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Erigeron curvifoUus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 396. 1900.
Whrysopsis hirteUa DC. Prod. 5:327. 1836, not Erigeron Urtellm DC. Prod. 5:290.
1836.
Type locality: Morgan's Ferry, Yakima County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Eastern Washington.
Specimens examined: Snipes Mountain, Cotton 384; Soap Lake, McKay 5; Morgans
Ferry, Yakima County, Suksdorf, June 7, 1884; Washtucna, Ehner 1036; Pasco, Ilindshaw,
May 25, 1896; Pi])er 2993; Connell, Leckenhy, June 18, 1897; near Ephrata, Griffiths d- Cot-
ton 494; Kahlotus, Cotton 1009; Pro.sser, Cotton 1100, 1075.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This species was included by Doctor Gray in E. chrysopsidis Gray. The type locality of
that i.s given as " E. Oregon and adjacent Washington Terr., Dour/his, Cusick, Neinus,
nowell."
6. Erigeron corymbosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 308. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains towards the Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer SH; Whited 515, 678 and June 27, 1897;
Weniiche,WhitedU4i; Rock Isl&nd, Sandherg cS; Leiberg 458; Chelan, Whited 13S, 7 ; Crab
and Wihon cveoks, Sandberg <& Leiberg 254; Coulee City, Lai-f 719; Medic&\ Lake, Henderson
2303, July, 1892; Spangle, Sut.s(/or/"351 ; without locality, Vasey 520, 125; Pullman, Piper
1601 ; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 872; Illia, Lalce & Hull 695; Spokane, Piper, June 25,
1897; without locality, Wilkes Expedition; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 6S9.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Erigeron poliospernius A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-: 210. 1884.
Type locality: "Umatilla, Oregon." Collected by Howell.
Range: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Whited 720; North Yakima,
Lecl-enby, April 22, 1898; Steinimg; Henderson, May 25, 1892; Wcnache, Whited, May 27,
1896, 1085; Tampico, Flett 1064; Columbus, Suksdorf, April 13, 1886; Bickleton, Suksdorf
348; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 331; Klickitat River, Flett 1106 in part- Coulee City,
Piper- 3888; WWsonCveek, Lake d; Hull, August Q, 1892; Spok&nc, Lei berg 39: Walla Walla,
Brandegee 869; Tweedy 922; Pro^ser, Cottm 586.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
8. Erigeron nevadensig A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 649. 1873.
Type locality: Near Virginia City, Nevada. Collected by Bloomer.
Range: Washington to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 875.
9. Erigeron compositus Pursh, Fl. 2: 535. 1814.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Ivooskoosky," Idaho. Collected by Lewis.
Range: Washington to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined. Spokane, Piper 2289; Spokane Hills, Lyall in 1861; Spokane,
Henderson 2306; Sandberg & Leiberg 1.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
9a. Erigeron compositus trifidus (llook.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 90. 1881.
Erigeron trifidus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 17. 1834.
Type locality: "Barren places among the Rocky Mountains."
Range; Biitish Columbia to Colorado and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Smith 496; Piper 2144; Mount Adams, Flett 1079;
Suksdorf : Henderson, August 10, 1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Flett 120;
J. M. Grant 30; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1211; Klickitat River, Flett 1106.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHTNGTOlSr. 507
9b. Erigeron compositus discoideus A. Hray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 33: 237. 1862.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains, Colorado. Collected by Parry.
Range: Washington to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49° at 2,100 meters, LynU in ISfiO.
10. Erigeron filifoHus (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 308. 1840.
DipJopappus Jilifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1834.
Chrysopsis canescens DC. Prod. 5: 328. 1836.
Erigeron peucephyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 89. 1880.
Type locality: "Common on the Great Falls of the Columbia, and l)arren grounds of
the interior." Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 83, 27, 1074; Ellensburg, Piper 2684; Whiied
352, 641 ; Elmer 368; Yakima, LecJcenby, May 11, 1898; North Yakima, Mrs. Sieinweg in 1894 ;
Watt, June, 1892; Sunnyside, Co/fon 355; Rattlesnake Mountains, Co;/o7i 363; Toppenish,
Henderson, May 28, 1892; Bickelton, SuksdoifSM; Wenas Valley, Lyall in 1860; Tampico,
Flett 1065; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandherg <& Leiberg 233; Cheney, Mrs. Susan Tuclcer in
1890 and 1892; Sprague, Sandherg & Leiberg 142; Coulee City, Piper ,3860; Spangle, Piper,
June 24, 1899; without locality, Vasey 503; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 873, 874.
Zonal dlstribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
11. Erigeron linearis (Hook.)
DijiJopappns linearis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1834.
Type locality: "Common on dry rocks and sandy grounds near the "Priests Rapids"
of the Columbia, and also on Lewis and Clarkes River." Collected by Douglas.
Ranc;e: British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 72, 1116; Elmer 477; Wenache Mountains,
Whited, June 23, 1901; Ellensburg, Piper 2741; Whited 655, 514; Elmer 372; North
Yakima, Brandegee; Watt; Yakima County, SuJcsdorf 350; Cleman Mountain, Henderson
i.i 1892; Wenas River, Henderson in 1892; Pasco, Henderson in 1892, White Bluff Ferry,
Lake <£■ Hull; Connell, Leclcenby; Washtucna, Elmer 1039; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 817,
Piper 3844; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg c& Leiberg 255; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1111;
Colville, Watson 207; Columbus, Suksdoif: Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull 817; Spokane, Sand-
herg, Heller, d.' McDougal 915; without locality, Fa.^ey 511; Rocky Mountains and Walla
Walla, Nuttall; Spokane, Piper 2274; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 387; Soap Jjake, McKay 6,
Stehekin, Whited 1389.
Zonal distriblttion: Upper Sonoran.
12. Erigeron aureus Greene, Pittonia 2: 169. 1891.
Aj)lopappns branihgei A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 1'-: 132. 1886, not Erigeron brandegei A.
Gray. 1884.
Type locality: "Mountains of Washington in the Yakima district." Collected by
Brandegee.
Range. Cascade Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Stu&rt, Elmer 1105, Brandegee 85, Mount Rainiei , P/pfr
2150, 523, Allen 94, Stevens Pass, Sandberg d- Leiberg 782: above Lake Chelan, T. E.
Wilcox m 1883, North Fork of Bridge Creek, Elmer 698.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
13. Erigeron leibergii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 41. 1901
T^iiE locality Mount Stuart, Washington, at 2,460 meters altitude.
Range. Known only from the type locality
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart Sandberg d' Leiberg 810.
14. Engeton uniflorus L Sp Pi. 2; 864 17.53.
Type locality. 'Habitat in Alpibus Lappomae, Helvetiae "
5G8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Alaska to Lalirador south to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Dr. Cooper.
15. Erigeron oreganus A. Gray, Pioc. Am. Acad. 19: 2. 1883.
Type locality: "Oregon, along the Columbia River, under overhanging clifTs, in
Multnomah Co.," Howell.
Range: Blufl's of the Columbia River below the Cascades on both sides of tiie river.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Prper 4983, 5010.
16. Erigeron philadelphicus L Sp. Pi 2: sr>3. 1753.
Erigeron occideniale Nutt. Tians Am. Pliil. Soc 7: 311 1840.
Type locality: Canada
Range: Throughout most of Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Whidbv ii^lnnd, Gardner 179; Snohomish, A'wotiV/, June 3, 1892:
Silverton, Bovck 109; Peshaslin, Sandherg d: Leiherg 409; f^eming, Flc'tt 870; Lake Con-
conully, Whited 1318; Cascade Mountains to Colvdle, L}/nll in 1860, Loomis, Elmer,
August, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 175.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
17. Erigeron divergens Torr. & Or. Fl. N. Am. 2: 175 1841
Erigeron divaricatuft Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 311 1810, not Michx 1803.
Type locality: "In the Rocky Mountains and the plains of Oregon." Colleclcfl by
Nut tall
Range: Washington to California, Nebraska, and Texas
Specimens examined: Wenache, WInted 72, 7?., 74, Elmer •iHO; west Klickitat County,
Svksdorf r)63: Rock Island, Sandherg <{• Leiherg 4.55, between Coulee City and Waterville,
S pill man, May , 1896; Marshall .lunction, Pi;*e/- 22.57, Wawawaiji^Z/wcr, June, 1897; Piper,
July 8, 1898; Almota, Piper 18.32.
Zonal dlstuibction. Upper vSonoi an.
18. Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat . N. Y. 27. 1888.
Doronicum ramoftum Walt., Fl. Car. 20.5. 1788.
Erigeron strigo.sm Muhl., W^illd. Sp. PI. 3: 19.56. 1803.
Type locality: Pennsylvania.
Range: British Columbia to Nova Scotia south to California, Texas, and Florida.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, LynU in 1860; Steilacoom,
Piper; Fort Vancouver, Piper .3077; Wenache, Elmer 482; Waitsburg, Horner .353 and
July 27, 1896; Spokane, P?>er, June 25, 1897; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 697; Pullman,
Piper 1821.
Zonal distribution: Tran.sition.
19. Erigeron eradiatus (A. Gray).
Eiigeron douglasii eradiaiui/i A. Cray, Pac. R. Rep. 12-: 5. I860.
Erigeron inornatus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 88. 1880.
Erigeron foliosuft inoimafus A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1 : 320. 1876.
Type LOCALITY': " Sandy pine fore.'^t on the table-land cuist of Mount Adams," Wash-
ington. Collected by Cooper.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, Cooper; Falcon Valley, Sid'ftdorf 400; Big
Klickitat River, Henderson, August 21, 1892; Blue Mountains, [lorncr 349.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
20. Erigeron bloomeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 40. 1865.
Ty'pe locality: "Near Virginia City, Nevada."
Range: Washington to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined: Yakima County, Henderfton 2.305; Blue Mountains, Piper 2.392.
Zonal distribution: Ilud.souian.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 5()\)
21. Erigeron canadensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 863. 1753.
Type locality: "Canada, Virginia."
Range: Temperate North America.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Kincaid in 1892; Nortli Vakima, iro//, August,
189.5; Leavenworth, WJdted, August 6, 1896; Lake Chelan, Lah <{• Hull, August 14, 1892;
Loomis, Elmer .567; Prosser, Cotton 886.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
22. Erigeron acris L. Sp. PL 2: 863. 17.53.
Type locality: European.
Range: British Columbia to Labrador south to Oregon and Colorado. Europe. Asia.
Specimens examined: Goose Lake, Flett 11.56; Faleon Valley, .S'(//,-.syZ«;/' 3.53; Yakima
Region, Brandecjee 878; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1S60; Stevens Pass, Snndhrrg cfc
Leiherg 765; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, .July 26, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
22a. Erigeron acris debilis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-': 220. 1884.
Type locality: "Northern Rocky and Cascade Mountains, Montana, Oanhi/, Snn/enl,
at Woodruffs Falls, * * * • Mount Paddo, Sulsdoif, Ilowdl."
Range: Alaska to Labrador south to Washinglon and Montana.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 820; Mount Adams, Siil-sd<»f 70, 402,
2170; Howell in 1882; Flett 1156; Hemlerfion, August 9, 1892; Skamania County, .S'^/.sY/or/'
2170; Loomis, £'Zmer 591.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
Erigeron glabellus mucronatus Hook. Fl. Ror. Am. 2: 19. 1831. Type Incalit}-,
" Plentiful on losv plains of the Columbia, near the coa,st." We have been unnble to deter-
mine what this plant is from the lirief description.
SERICOCARPUS.
1. Sericocarpus rigidus Lindl. in Hook. PI. Bor. Am. 2 : 14. 18,34.
Sericocarpus oregonensis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 302. 1840.
Ty'pe locality: "Columbia River." Collected by Scouler.
Range: Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, (^arr/wfr 1.54; Taanua, Flilt 164, 876; Olympia,
Henderson 1706; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, July 22, 1888; Fort \'ancouver, Tolrnie.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
OREASTRUM.
1. Oreastrum alpigenum (Torr. & Gr.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 147. 1896.
Aster alpigenus A. Gray, Proc Am. Acad. 8: ,389. 1872.
Aplopappus alpigenvs Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am 2: 241. 1842.
Aster pidcJielhis D. C. Eaton in S. Wats. Bot King Explor. 143. t. in. 1871.
Type locality: Moimt Ramier, Washington Collected by Tolmie.
Range: Cascade Mountains, Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Allen 143; Piper 498, 21.56; Tolmie: Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1094, without locality, Brandegee 18, 20, 32; Mount Adams, Sitksdorf in
1878 and .522; Flett 1091.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
EUCEPHALUS.
Rays purple or violet.
Rays white, becoming pink-tinged 1 . E. pavncapitatvs.
Leaves tomentose beneath - 2. E. Icdophiillns.
Leaves glabrous.
Leaves glaucous, broadly lanceolate 3. E. glaucopliylhis.
Leaves green.
570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves broadly lanceolate 4. E. engelmanni.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate 5. E. serrulatus.
1. Bucephalus paucicapitatus (Robinson) Greene, Pittonia 3: .56. 1896.
Aster paucicapitatus Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29: 829. 1894.
Aster engelmanni paucicapitatus Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 176. 1891.
Type locality: Olympic Mountains, Washintjton.
R.\nge: Olympic Mountains.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2195; Flett 819.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
2. Bucephalus ledophyllus (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 55. 1896.
Aster ledopTiyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 98. 1880.
Aster engelmanni ledophyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 388. 1872.
Type locality: "In the Cascade Mountains." Collected by Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon in the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2147; Allen284; Mount Adamf^, nenderson,
August 5, 1892; SuJcsdorfGl.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
3. Bucephalus glaucophyllus nom. nov.
Aster engelmanni glaucescens A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 1-: 200. 1886, not Aster glancescens
Wender. 1832.
EucepJialus glaucescens Greene, Pittonia 3: 56. 1S9().
Type locality: "On Mount Paddo " [Adams], Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Range: Wa.s]iington to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Flenderson, August 12, 1892; Suksdorf 651;
Howell 401; Flett 1089; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, September 1880; Falcon Valley, Suks-
dorf 398; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 10, 1886.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
4. Bucephalus engelmanni (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 54. 1896.
Aster engelmanni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-: 199. 1884.
Aster elegans engelmanni D. C. Eaton in S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 144. 1871.
Type locality: "Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°." Collected by Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to Utah and Wyoming.
Specimens examined; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Colville to Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; head of Twisp River, Whited 39; Atanum River,
Henderson, August 2, 1892; Stehekin, Whited 1401; near Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 693;
North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 649; without locality, Vasey 526; Mount Stuart, Sandberg
& Leiherg 559; Clealum Lake, Cotton 869, Fort Simcoe, Cotton 1562.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian.
5. Bucephalus serrulatus Greene, Pittonia 3: 55. 1896.
Type locality: Mount Adams. Collected by Suksdorf (no. 1563).
Known only from the type collection. The plant is exceedingly close to E. engelmanni.
ASTBR.
Leaves coriaceous, serrate; involucre well imbricated.
Involucre campanulate, glandular 1. A. conspicuus.
Involucre broadly turbinate, not glandular 2. A. radulinus.
Leaves membranaceous.
Involucre viscid or pruinose-glandular.
Heads less than 1 cm. broad 3. A. campestiis.
Heads over 1 cm. broad.
Leaves entire, firm; bracts rather rigid, well imbricated. 4. A. integrifolius.
P'PER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 571
Loavps serrate, not firm ; hrarts not riojid, loose 5. A. major.
Involucre not viscid or glandular.
Heads less than 1 cm. broad.
Rays purple; involucre turl)inate B. ,1. anietJii/.'^tiniis.
Rays usually white; involucre campanulnte.
Herbage harshly puberulent 7. - 1 . mnlli/Ionis.
Herbage not harshly pul)enilent.
Involucral bracts acute 8. A .oregarms.
Involucral bracts obtuse 9. .1 . hfiJlii.
Heads more than 1 cm. broad.
Involucral bracts closely appressed, mainly coriaceous.
Akenes glabrous.
Leaves glaucous, entire ... 10. ,1. Inerifi.
Leaves green, serrate, glabrous IL .1. clmcri.
Akenes pubescent; leaves pulwrulent, entire 12. A. jcfisicac.
Involucral bracts looser, largely herbaceous.
Leaves few, large, scarcely reduced upward, (he
cauline with auriculate or clasping bases.
Heads solitary or few, long-pedunclcd; leaves
' dai k green, usually glabrous _ 13. . ! . folidccus.
Heads several: stems leafy to the top; leaves
thin, pale, usually pubescent 11. .1. rudckii.
Leaves numerous, either small, or much reduced
upward; cauline sessile, not at all am-iculate.
Pubescent throughout; involucral ])rac(s
herbaceous, lanceolate, flat 1 .5. , 1 . irnffii.
Glabrous or nearly so; involucral bracts nar-
row, acute.
Involucral bracts, at least the outer ones,
foliaceous and pa.ssing into the leaves.
Leaves firm, entire, numerous IB. .1. eatoni.
Leaves thinner, less numerous, usually
serrate near the middle 17. .1. (longlfi.vl.
Involucral bracts not at all foliaceous.
Heads corymbose.
Leaves serrulate, those of the
inflorescence much reduced. . IS. A. ocnilenlalis.
Leaves entire, those of the inflo-
rescence not much reduced 19. A. frcmontii.
Heads solitary, naked-pedunculate... 20. A. ter. September. 1896.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
la. Machaeranthera canescens viscosa (Nutt.).
Dieteria viscosa Nutt. Trans. Am Phil. Soc. 7: 301. 1840.
Aster canescens viscosus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 206. 1884.
Type locality: "Near Scott's Bind', on the Platte." Collected l)y Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, October 5, 1892;
Wenache, IFAi^ed 1331 ; Ellensburg, Whited 854; Rattle.snake Mountain, Cotton 478;
Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Lake Chelan, Lake tt- Hull, .\ugust 16, 1892; near
mouth of Okanogan, Watson 197; Coulee City, Lake cfc Hull 691; Colville, Li/nll in 1860;
Spokane, Sandherg, Heller, & McDougul 912; Waitsburg, Horner 555; Wawawai, Piper
1606; Almota, Piper, September, 1896.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
MADIA. Tarweed.
Heads small, long-peduncled; disk-flower one I. M. exigua.
Heads larger, sessile or short-peduncled ; disk-flowers several.
Leaves all or mostly alternate; ligules small.
Rays 5 to 12; involucres campanulatc.
Akenes of the rays broad; herbage lemon-scented 2. M. cUriodora.
Akenes of the rays compressed; herbage heavy-scented.
Heads densely congested 4. M . sativa.
Heads loosely racemose 3. M. ivcemosa.
Rays 1 to 5, sometimes none; involucre laterally compressed;
heads densely glomerate.
Stems glandular to the base; glomerules loosely cymosc ... 5. M. ramosa.
Stems glandular above ; glomerules racemo.<5c 6. M. glomcrata.
Leaves all or mostly opposite; ligules large 7. M. madioides.
blC) CO^'TKIBUTIOJS'S FROM THE NATIONAL HEKBAKIUM.
1. Madia exigua (Smith) Greene, Erythea 1: 90. ISiW.
Sclerocarj/us exiguus Smith, Rees' Cycl. 31 :n. 3. ISKJ.
Harpaecarpus exiguus A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 101. 1859.
Madia f lines A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 1874.
Harpaecarpus madarioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Pliil. S(x-. 7: 389. 1840.
Type locality: "On the west coast of Nortli America." Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.
Specimens e.xamineu: San Juan Island, Ltjall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 7 '.Vr, Smit/i 10(i!);
Tiicoma,Flettl40; Olympia, /W/er 4045; west Khckitat County, ;S'mA:w/w/ 2139; Clealum,
Henderson, JuM 11, 1892; Wenache, Whited, June, 1895 and 1132; junction Crab and Wil-
son creeks, Sandberg cfe Leiberg 272; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Pullman, Piper 1573;
Lalce cfc Hull, June 23, 1894; Waitsburg, Horner 172.
Zonal DisxRiBtxiON. Transition.
la. Madia exigua macrocephala (Suksdorf).
Madia filipes macrocephala Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 97. VM).
Harpaecarpus exiguus macrocephalus Suksdorf, loc. cit.
Type locality: Bingen, Klickitat County, Wash.
Range: Washington.
Specimens exa.mineu; West Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf, rFune 18, 1N92.
2. Madia citriodora Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 9: G3. 1882.
Hemizonia citriodora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1'-: 307. 1884.
Type locality: Yreka, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: W^est Klickitat County, Svlmlorf 370; Waits])urg, Homer ]r)2,
Bingen, Sheldon 10255; Wallula, Cotton 1071.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Madia racemosa (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 405. 1843.
Mudorella racemosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 387. 1841.
Madia saliva racemosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 189. 1874.
Madorella dissitiflora Nutt. loc. cit.
Madia dissitiflora Torr. & Gr. loc. cit.
Madia saliva dissitifora xV. Gray, loc. cit.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Oregon, near the estuary of the Wahlamet."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Fairhaven, Piper; Roslyn, Wldted 470; Yakima region, Bran-
degee 897; Seattle, Piper 513; west Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 2137, 2142; Vancouver,
Douglas; Siitsop, Heller 4029; Eg})ert Springs, Sandberg cfe Leiberg; Wenache, Whited 53
Elleiisburg, Whited 684; Elmer 367; Clealum, Henderson; McAlisters Lake, Henderson
North Yakima, Henderson; Leavenworth, Whited 238; Peshastin, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 537
Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 415; Pullman, Piper 1575, 3103; Elmer 902, Blue Moun-
tains, Piper 2450; Wawawai, Pipe/- 3061; Clarks Springs, Kreager 102; Tieton, 6'o«o/( 489;
without locality, Vasey 545; Tukanon River, Lake cfc Hull 721.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
4. Madia sativa capita ta (Nutt.).
Madia capitata Nutt Trans. Am Phil. Soc. 7: 386. 1841.
Madia sativa congesta Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 401 1843.
Type locality: ' In the plainsof tlie Oregon towards liiesea, particularly on Wappatoo
Island." Collected by Nuttall.
Range. Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined. Coupeville, OV/rt/ner 169; Sc&tlk', Suksdorf 97S,
Zonal distribution. Humid Transition.
PIPEli — FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 577
5. Madia ramosa Pipor, Bull Torr. Club 29: 222. 1902.
Tvi'E loc.vlity: "Blue Mts., Walla Walla County, Wash."
R.vnge: Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington.
Specimens ex.\mined: Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Piper 2451.
6. Madia glomerata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 24. 1834.
Amida gracilis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 390. 1841.
Amida hirsuta Nutt. loe cit.
TSpe locality: "Plains of the Saskatchewan." Collected by Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to California and Colorado.
Specimens e.xamined: Puy all up, Piper, September 2, 1899; Mount Stuart, Mmer 1098;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 80.5,587; Yakima region, Brandegee 896; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 414; EWenshurg, Whited 701; Pullman, Pi/jer 1574; Waitsburg, //orner 172.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Madia madioides (Nutt.).
Anisocarpus madioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 388. 1841.
Madia nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am Acad 8: 391. 1872.
Type locality: "Among rocks, in shady forests, at the mouth of the Wahlamet,"
Oregon Collected by Nuttall
Range- British Columbia to middle California in the coa^st region.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 977; Seattle,
Piper 734, Tacoma, Flett 145; McAllisters Lake, Heriderson, June 22, 1892.
Zonal dlstribltion. Humid Transition.
HEMIZONELLA.
1. Hemizonella durandi A. Gray, Proc. Am Acad. 9: 189. 1874.
llonizonia duramh A Gray, Proc Am. Acad. 6: 549. 1865.
Type locality Nevada County California.
Rancje. Washington to California in the coast region.
Specimens examined. Tacoma F/dM86; Steilacoom, Pi;>£7' 373; Falcon Valley, .S'wts'-
(Z0//415, Mount Constitution, Hendeison 2296; Easton, Henderson 2297.
Zonal distribution. Humid Transition.
HEMIZONIA.
1. Hemizonia pungens (Plook & Arn.) Torr. &. Gr. Fl 2: 399 1843.
IJdrtiiiatinia ])iin(ini--< Hook & Arn Bot Beech. Voy. 357. 1840.
Type locality California
Range: California Introduced in Washington
Specimens examined. Tacoma, Flett 158, Frenchtown, Nalder, August 22, 1898;
Walla Walla, Blandford, November 9, 1901. The species is doubtless introduced from
California.
LAGOPHYLLA
1. Lagophylla ramosissima Nutt Trans Am Phil Soc 7:390 1841.
Type locality. "In tlie prairies near Walla Walla ' Collected by Nuttall.
Range. Washington and Idaho to California
Specimens ex.\mined. North Yaknna Fdenderson. May 25, ]H\)2. White Salmon, -S^/i-s-
do)J 416, Crab and Wilson creeks Sandberg d' Leiberg 253, Pullman Piper 1576, Lake cfc
Hull 746, Almota. Lake & Hull 746
Zonal distribution. Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
29418—06 iM 37
578 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL IIERBAKIUM.
BLEPHARIPAPPUS.
1. Blepharipappus glandulosus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 31G. 1833.
Layia glandulosa Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 358. 1840.
Type locality: "On the plains of the Columbia in sandy soils." Collected by Douglas.
Ranue: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Yakima Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg; Tlenderson in 1891 ; Rockland,
Suksdorf2M; Pasco, fipf?' 2955; Hindshaio 21; Sunnyside, Cohani>appus scaber Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 316. 1833.
Type locality: "Sandy plains of the Columbia." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Idalio to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Rock Lake, Sandberg ct- Leiberg 119, Spokane, Wilkes Expedi-
tion; Spangle, Piper 2876; Tukanon River, Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 723.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
BIDENS. Beggar ticks.
Plant aquatic; submerged leaves capillary 3. B. beckii.
Plants terrestrial.
Rays none, leaves pinnately 3 to 5-divided 1- B. vulgata.
Ravs conspicuous ; leaves lanceolate, serrate 2. B. cernua.
1. Bidens vulgata Greene, Pittonia 4: 72. 1899.
Type locality- None given.
Range: Washington to New York south to California and Virginia.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1591, 412; North Yakima,
Wait, August, 1895; Loomiston, Elmer 611; Rock Lake, Lake dc Hull, August 3, 1892;
Spokane, //fTifZer-son, July 10, 1892; Wawawai, Piper 1863, Chewe\a.h, Kreager 527; with-
out locality, Brarulegee 895
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
2. Biden3 cernua L. Sp. PI. 2: 832. 1753.
Bidens cernua elliptica Wiegand. Bull Torr. Club 28: 417. 189r».
Bidens lonchophylla Greene, Pittonia 4: 2.58. 1901.
Bidens macounii Greene, loc. cit.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europa ad fontes & fossas."
Range: British Columbia to Labrador south to California and North Carolina. Europe.
Asia.
Specimens examined: Coupeville, Gardner 148; Ilwaco, Flenderson, September 7, 1892;
T&conm, Flett 157 : Ellensburg, Whited 592, Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Spokane,
Piper; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1592; Sumas, Lyall; Spangle, Suksdorf 932; Waitsburg,
Horner 22, 333; Newport, Piper 4210; Kittitas County, Cotton 1763.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OP WASHINGTON. 579
Prof E. L. Greene considers that the American plants generally referred to Bidens
ctrnua represent not less than 13 species. The distinctions relied upon seem very slight.
The western Washington specimens apparently are all referable to B. macounii, while most
of the eastern Washington plants belong to B. lonchophylla.
One of these Washington forms was mistaken for Bidens chnjsanihemoidea by Hooker,
Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 314. 1834.
3. Bidens beckii Torr.; Spreng. Neu. Entd. 2: 135. 1821.
Alcgalodonta remota Greene, Pittonia 4: 272. 1901.
Type locality: Near Schenectady, New York.
Range: Washington, Manitoba, and Quebec to Missouri and New Jersey.
Specimens examined: Seattle, Piper in 1890; Davis Lake, Kreager 442.
Bidens dentata (Nutt.) Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26 : 412. 1899. Bidens quadriaristata
dentata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 368. 1841. Bidens cernua elata Torr. & Gr. Fl.
2: 352. 1842. Type locality: " Wappatoo Island, at the outlet of the Wahlamet, Oregon."
There is much doubt about the identity of this plant, which may perhaps be cleared up by
collecting new material at the type locality.
COREOPSIS.
1. Coreopsis atkinsoniana Dough; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pi. 1370. 1830.
Calliopsis atkinsoniana Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 311. 1833.
Type locality: "Mewries [Menzies?] Island, in the river Columbia." Collected by
Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Fort Vancouver, To^mie," Douglas; Wenache, WhitedWbQ; Cas-
cades to Colville, Lyall in 1860; mouth of Chelan River, Watson 217; Old Fort Colville,
Watson; Chelan Falls, Lake & Hull 748; Loomis, Elmer 601 ; head of Grand Coulee, McKay,
25; ^Y^dk&ne, Henderson, July 9, 1892; without locality, Vasey 551; Lake Kalispel, Kreager
315.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
RUDBECKIA. Cone flower.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, hispid or hirsute 1. R. h irfa.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate.
Glabrous ornearly so, somewhat glaucous; leaves entu'e or dentate. 2. K. occidcntalis.
Pubescent; leaves mostly 3 to 5-parted toward the base 3. R. alpicola.
1. Rudbeckia hirta L. Sp. PI. 2: 907. 1753.
Type locality: "In Virginia, Canada."
Range: Saskatchewan and Canada to Colorado, Texas, and Floiida. Introduced in
Washington.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 151; Tacoma, Fleli 122; Snoijualniie,
Miss Parker, July, 1892.
Introduced from the eastern States.
2. Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 355. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains and woods of the Oregon, particularly in the Blue
Mountain range." Collected by Nuttall.
Range; Washington to Montana and California.
Specimens examined: Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Spokane County, Siiks-
dorf 356, Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Pi/vr, July 20, 1896.
Zonal distribution : Arid Transition and Canadian.
580 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBAKIUM.
3. Rudbeckia alpicola Piper, Erythea 7: 173. 1899.
Type locality; Mount Stiuut, Wushiiigtoii. Collottc-d by Elmer.
Range: Cascade Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1171; Sundbciy di Leibery 57S; Wenache
Mountains, W Idled 1417.
B ALS AMORHIZ A .
Ligules persisting: akenes canescent \. B. careyana.
Ligules deciduous: akenes glabrous.
Loaves entire or merely dentate.
Herbage silvery-canescent: involucre woolly 2. B. saydtata.
Herbage green: involucre not woolly ■i. B. delioidea.
Leaves pinnately cleft, parted, or divided.
Herbage canescent; involucre pul)erulent to lanatc ^. B. balminorhiza.
Herbage green.
Leaves deltoid, usually laciniate, but varying to coar.sely
dentate or rarely entire; involucre more or less woolly. 5. B. teiebitdhacea.
Leaves parted ixito numerous segments, hirsute; involucie
hirsute, rarely woolly 6. .B. hir.suta.
1. Balsamorhiza careyana A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 81. 1849.
Type locality: Idaho. "Sandy plains, Clear Water, on the Koo.skooskie." Collected
by Spalding.
Rance: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and perhaps adjacent Idaho.
Specimens examined: Ritzville, Sandberg d- Leiberg 166; Sprague, Sandbeiy cfc Leiherg,
June, 1893; Ephrata to Ritzville, Griffiths A Cotton 483; Prosser to Rattlesnake Mountains.
Griffiths cfc Cotton 10; Wallula, Cotton 1052;. Delight, Cotton 1004; Washtucna, Cotton 976;
Prosser, Cotton 1084, 1105; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 891.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
This species has not since been found near Lapwai, Spalding's "Clearwater" locality.
It is, however, abundant on the lower parts of Snake River and the type may have there
been gathered, as some of Spalding's specimens were collected "60 miles west of Clear-
water."
2. Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 350. 1840.
Buphthalmuin mgittatum Pursh, Fl. 2: 564. 1814.
Esjieletia mgittata Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 38. 1834.
Eapeletia lielianthoides Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 39. 1834.
Balsamorhiza lielianthoides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 351. 1840.
Type locality: "On dry barren hills in the Rocky Mountains." Collected by Lewis.
The exact place is Lewis and Clark Pass, Montana.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane County, Suksdorf'SijO; iiand-
berg & Leiberg 23; Spokane, Henderson, May 3, 1892, Flathead River, Wyeth; Pullman,
Elmer 828, Piper 1594; without locality, Vasey 496; Rock Creek, Cotton 961; Wenache
Mountains, Piper 2668, apparently a hybrid between deltoidea and sagittata, with which
it occurred.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
3. Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt Trans. Am. Phil Soc. 7: 351 1840.
Type locality; "Outlet of the Wahlamet, in wet open places," Oregon. Collected
by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island near Coupeville, 6'a/(//(cv 180; Lake Park, Piper.
•July 27, 1895, Tacoma, Elett 43; Vancouver, Piper 4945; Nisqually, Wdkes Expedition;
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 581
Yakima, Afrs. Sieinweg; Leckenhy, April 22, 1S96; Mount. Stiiart, Sandhenf ct^ Leihertj 573;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Umtanum Creek, Cotton 1140.
The typical plant occurs only west of the Cascade Mountains, and has Ijroad, deeply
cordate, usually crenate-dentatc leaves, while in the Eastern Washington plant th(>, leaves
are longer and narrow, entire or nearly so, and l)ut little cordate. Perhaps two species
may be involved.
Zonal distribution: Transition. tiJL<.^l/^-P^
4. Balsamorhiza balsomorhiza (Hook.) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. 7. 1808.
Ildiopsist hdsamorhiza Hook Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 310. 1833. - 7^ ^ >c-^^w., .
Balsamorhiza hoolceri Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 349. 1840.
Type locality: "Common on the gravelly banks of the Columl)ia near Fort Vancouver."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Utah and California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Sithsdorf ^i'l,! , 3r)8; Klickitat River, Suk.-«]orf?ir>9;
Simcoe Mountains, //owf/Z,- Rattlesnake Mountains, 6'o//on. 5G8, Mill Plain near Vancouver,
Howell, June 4, 1880
Zonal distribution: Transition.
5. Balsamorhiza terebinthacea (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am Ph.il. Soc. 7:349. 1840.
Urliopsi.s terehinthncea Hook FL Bor Am 1: 310. 1833.
Type locality: "Common at Fort Vancouver on the C(>luml)ia and in tlie grounds of
the interior." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.
Specimens examined. Falcon Valley, SulsdorfSC)'.), 3(13, 135; Rock Island, Scmdhrrrf cfe
Leiberff 460; Klickitat River, SuhsdorJ 360, 362, 361; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897;
60 miles west of Clearwater Spalding.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Balsamorhiza hirsuta Nutt Trans. Am. Phil Soc 7: 349. 1840.
Type locality: "Dry plains east of Walla Walla, near the Blue Mountains, and in the
Grande Ronde prairie " Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Utah and Ca'lifornia.
Specimens examined Wenache Mountains, Elmer 476; Whited 1354;^; Wenache, W kited
6, 1354, Ellensburg, Piper 2718, May 20, 1897, Cleman Mountain, Ilemlerson, Mim^ 14,
1892; Coulee City Piper 3853; Waterville Whiled 1219; "Wallah Wallah," Nutlem, witiiout
locality Vasey in 1889, Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1193: Spipen [Nadics] River, ^yilh:s
Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
WYETHIA.
Leaves lance-oblong, glabrous, varnished 1. W. ample xiraidis.
Leaves lanceolate, sparsely hirsute 2. Tl^. amjnstifolia.
1. Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt Trans Am. Phil Soc. 7: 352. 1840.
Espeleiia amplexicaulis Nutt. Journ. Acad Phila 7: 38. 1834.
Type locality. "About Flat-head River." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to Nevada and California.
Specimens examined. Columbia River latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall; White Salmon,
Suksdorf; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 532; Pullman, Lake cf: Hidl 7.50; Piper 1595;
without locality, Vasey 497, Wenache Mountains, Grijfiths <& Cotton 113.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
2. Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt. Trans. Am. l^hil. Soc. 7: 352. 1840.
UehanthuslorupjohuH Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 312. 1834, not Pur.sh, 1814.
Alarconia angusiifolia DC Prod. 5: 537. 1836.
582 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ildianthus hooherianm DC. Prod. 5: 59(). 1S36.
Wyethia rohu.sia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 352. 1840.
Type locality: " In California." Collected by Dougla.s.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Sulcsdorf 129.
Zonal distributio.\: Humid Transition.
HELIANTHELLA.
1. HeUanthella douglasii Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 334. 1842.
Type locality: "Common on the sul)alpino langes of the Blue Mountains." Collected
by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 663; Wenache, Whited i54, 1138; Yakima
Region, Brandegee 894; Peshastin, Sandherg cfc Leiherg 486; without locality, Vasey 502;
Spokane County, Snksdor/ 3G7 ; Pullman, Piper 1598; Lalce & Hull 751; Moxee, Griffiths &
Cotton 30.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
Heliantiiella uniilora Torr. & Gr. is not known definitely from Washington, but
specimens of U duuglnsii have sometimes been mistaken for it.
HELIANTHUS. Sunflower.
Annual ; disk flowers dark 1 . 77. annuus.
Perennial: disk flowers yellow; involucral bracts ciliate 2. 77. cusicMi.
1. HeUaathus annuus L. Sp. PI. 2: 904. 1753.
Helianthuslenticularis Dough; Ltndl. Bot. Reg. 15: ^ 1265. 1829.
^ Type locality: "In Peru, Mexico."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan south to Texas and California. Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 1088; Rock Island, Sandherg d' Leiherg 462;
Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; without locality, Vasey 499; Fresh Lake, McKay 14;
Wawawai, Piper 1597; Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894; Marcus, Kreager 462.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Helianthus cusickii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 413. 1886.
Type locality: >hilheur River, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Range: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Morgans Ferry, Su^-.sJo// 308, Columbia River, /7o«.'eZZ; Tampico,
Flett 1182; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 378; North Yakima, Brandegee; Henderson in 1892;
Sieimveg; Watt in 1895; Yakima, Piper 1825; Leclcenby.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
Helianthus nuttallii Torr. & Gr. in Suksdorf's list is based on specimens that are
really 77. cusiclcii.
JATJMEA.
1. Jaumea carnosa (Less.) A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped 360 1874.
Coinogyne carnosa Less. Linnaea 6: 521 1831.
Type locality: California.
Range: Seacoas:,s, W^ashington to California.
Specimens examined: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Henderson, Whidby Island, Gardner
425, 152; Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896; Tacoma, Flelt 102, Union City. Ptper m 1890.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PIPER — FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 583
ERIOPHYLLUM.
Akenes glandular 1. E. mulliforum.
Akenes not glandular 2. E. lanatum.
1. Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 422. 190(1
Trichophyllum rindtijlorum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 3.5. 1S34.
Bahia gracillis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 353. 1840.
Eriophyllum gracile A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883.
Type locality: "In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains towards the sources of the
Missouri." Collected by Wyeth.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 90.5; North Yakima, Walt in 189.5;
Mrs. Steinweg; Henderson 2292; Yakima Region, Brandegee 904; Ellensburg, Piper;
Whited 493; Thorp, Whiled 633; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 40.5; White BlutTs, Suks-
dorf 372; Cor.lee City, Piper 3857; Ritzville, Sandberg cf- Leiherg 183; Lake Chelan, Lake
(& Hull802] Moses Co,. \cc, Lake di; Hull: without locality, Fase;/ 492,493; Spokane, Piper;
Snake country, Tolmie.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes, Ilort. Woburn. 183. 18.38.
Actinella lanata Pursh, Fl. 2: 560. 1814.
Eriophyllum caespitosum Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: t. 1167. 1828.
Type locality: "On the highlands of the Kooskoosky." Collected by Lewis, the
exact spot opposite Kamiah, Idaho.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to California.
Specimens examined: Mason County, Piper 515; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2193;
Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Bellingham
Bay, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Fairhaven, Piper 2802; Salmon River, Horner 340; Roslyn,
Whited 410; Fourth Plain, Pi>fr, July 10, 1897; Wawawai, Piper, June 9, 1894; Lake &
Hull 801 ; Vancouver, Piper 49.32. .
Zonal distribution: Transition.
HULSEA.
1. Hulsea nana A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 6: 76. 18.5.5.
Type locality: "Crater Pass, Cascade Mountains, 44° 10','' Oregon. Collected by New-
berry.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Pi/vr 21.53; Allen 227; Mount Adams, Hender-
son, August 10, 1892; Flett 1075; Suksdorf in 1878.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
RIGIOPAPPUS.
1. Rigiopappus leptocladus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 548. 1865.
Type locality: "Dalles of the Columbia River." Collected by Lyall.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Khckitat County, Suksdorf; Wenache, Whited 1128; foothills
Blue Mountains, Homer 142; Wawawai, Elmer 768; Piper 1780.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
CHAENACTIS.
Heads corymbose 1 • <^- 'iginsii.
Heads solitary ; alpine dwarf 2. C. neradens^s.
1. Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 3.54. 1840.
HymenojMppus douglasii Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 316. 1833.
584 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM TTIE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type locality: "In the barren grounds of the Columbia from the Great Falls to the
Rocky Mountains." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; LecJcenby, May 10, 1898;
Yak'mMi, Henderson, May 25, 1892; VVenache, Whited 167, 1126; Snipes Mountain, Co/ton
497; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg <& Leiberg 295; Soap Lake, McKay 10; Spokane,
Piper, July 2, 1896; Geyer 142; Henderson, July 9, 1892; Wav/nwni, Elmer 897; Lake cb
Hull 800; Blue Mountains, Horner 347; Clarks Springs, Kreager 92; Marcus, [{reagcr 457.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Chaenactis nevadensis (Kellogg) A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1 : 391. 1876.
Hymenopappus nevadensis KeWogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5: 46. 1873.
Type locality: None given, but presumably the Sierra Nevada Mountains, Ciilifornia.
Range: Washington to Nevada.
Specimens examined: Near Mount Stuart, Brandcgee 906.
GAILLARDIA.
1. Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Fl. 2: 573. 1814.
Ty'PE locality: "Rocky Mountains." Collected by Lewis in Lewis and Clark Pass,
Montana.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to California and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Fort Vancouver, Tolmie: Rock Island, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 438;
Parker, Cotton 434; west Klickitat County, Snlsdorf 979, 191; North Yakima, Walt,
August, 1895; Henderson, May 29, 1892: Wenachc, Whited 1117, June and July, 1896;,
Pa.sco, Hindshaw 12, between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1890; Loon Lake,
Winston, July 20, 1897; Old Fort Colvillo, Watson 224; Spokane, Watson 223; Pullman,
Piper 1599; Illia, Lake cfc Hull 729; without locality, Vasey 501 ; Clarks Springs, Kreager20;
Lake Kalispel, Kreager 326.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
HYMENOPAPPUS.
1. H3niienopappus iilifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 317. 1833.
Type locality: "On the undulating arid grounds of the Columbia, near the Walla-
wallah and on the banks of the Spokan and Flathead rivers." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho.
Specimens examined: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 373; Moses Lake, Sandlierg <{• Leiberg
375; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 903; Sentinel Blufl's, Cotton 1366.
Zonal distribution : Upper Sonoran.
HELENIUM.
1. Helenium autumnale grandiflorum (Nutt.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. l^: 349. 1884.
Helenium grandijloruni Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 384. 1840.
Type locality: "Banks of the Oregon and Wahlamet." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 194; Centralia, Piper, Septem-
ber, 1895; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-9; Ca.scades toColville, i;/«i/ in 1860; Wawawai,
Piper, October, 1895; Almota, Piper, August 26,1894.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
ACHILLEA.
1. Achillea millefolium lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 196. 1901. Yarrow.
Achillea I anvlosa Nutt. Journ. Acad Phila. 7. 36, 1834.
1 Achillea millefolium occidenlale DC, Prod. 6: 24. 1837.
Type locality: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Wyeth.
PIPER FLORA OF TITE STATE. OF WASTITNGTON. 585
Range: British Columbia to Manitoba south to Mexico.
Specimens examined: Port Crescent, Lavrence 266; EvcrcC, Piper 49S(r. Jhmnt
Adams, Sulcsdorf IG06; Mount Rainier, Pipe/-, August, 1895; SdiUIi; Allen; Tolmiej Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandherg & Leiherg 286; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Kamiak
Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Wawawai, Lalce d' Hull 804; Spokane, Krragrr 7.
Zonal distkibution: Transition to Iludsonian.
The form of this species which grows near tlie scacoast is niucli greener and may perhaps
better be referred to typical A. millefoUum L. Alpine forms arc nuicli reduced in stature, lint
wc l)elicvc ihat noTic of tlic Wasliington specimens can jiropcrly !)(• icfcrrcd to .1. iionali.^
Bong.
ANTHEMIS.
Rays yellow: leaves somewhat tomentose 1 . .1. tinrlorin.
Rays white.
Leaves glabrous, ill-sccntcd; rays ncuti-ai . 2. A. rotula.
Leaves pubescent , not ill-scented : rays fertile 3. .4. arrensis.
1. Anthemis tinctoria L. Sp. PI. 2: 896. 17:3.
Type locality: "Habitat in Sueciae, Germaniac apricis pratis siccis."
Specimens examined: Lake Park, Pierce County, Piper.
2. Anthemis cotula L. Sp. PI. 2: 894. 1753.
Maruta cotula DC'. Prod. 6: 13. 1837. Mayweed.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae ruderatis praecipuc in Ucrania."
Specimens examined: Pullman, P^'/w, July 29, 1899.
3. Anthemis arvensis L. Sp. PI. 2: 894. 1753.
Type locality: "Habitat in Europae pracsertim Surcrac agris. "
Specimens examined: Olympia, //f«//c/.wH 2293; West Klickitat County, u.:/Iasil DC. Prod. 6: 128. 1837.
Ty'PE locality: "Lake Huron near Michiliinackinack."
Range: Wa^hin^ton an 1 Oregon on the seacoast, tltc Great Lakes, Maine and New
Brunswick.
Specimens examined: Grays Harlior, Lnmh 1217; without locality, C'oopcr; llwaco,
Piper.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
Tanacetum vulgare L., tlie garden tansy, is found occasionallv as an escape from
gardens.
ARTEMISIA. Sagebrush. Wormwood.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent.
Disk flowers perfect but sterile; marginal flowers pistillate.
Leaves linear, mostly entire, glabrous 1 . A. draciinciiloides.
Leaves pinnately or bipinnately divided into narrow
lobes.
Heads very numerous, small, greenish 2. A. canadensis.
Pleads rather few, large, brownish; alpine 3. A. borealis.
Disk flowers perfect, fertile; marginal flowers pistillate.
Receptacle pilose.
Leaves silvery pubescent, the sliort segments lili-
fo:m 4. A. frigida.
Leaves not silvery, the segments oblong or oblong-
linear 17. A. ah.'^infhiinn.
Receptacle not pilose.
Jjcaves green, finely dissected into linear segments.
Biennial; heads small, in leafy panicles 5. A. biennis.
Perennial ; heads few, large 6. A. longepedunculata.
Leaves white beneath, not finely dissected.
Livolucre persistently white tomentose.
Leaves not glandular puncticulate 7. A. Judonciana.
Leaves puncticulate with scattered gland-
ular dots 8. A. atomifera.
Involucre green, glabrous oi' pubescent; not
tomentose.
Heads campanulate.
Leaves pinnately or bipinnately di-
vided into narrow segments 10. ^. discolor.
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire or
more or le.ss laciniately cleft.
Stem about 1 m. high; leaves
persistently tomentose be-
neath; involucre green 9. ^. tilesii.
PIPEE FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 587
Stems 30 to 60 cm., slender;
leaves very narrow: involucre
fuseous 1 1. .1. Ihulicijaiia.
Heads I'ylindric: leaves laneeolate-ohlong,
sparingly clel't or entire 12. ^1. suksdorfii.
Shrubs; flowers all peifeet and fertile.
Tall, .5 to 2 m. high ; leaves mostly 3-toothed 13. A. tridtntata.
Less tall, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves lobed cleft or parted.
Leaves 3 to £-lohed, tlie lobes cuneatc-obovate 14. .1. (irhii.srula.
Leaves 3 to 5-cleft or parted, the lobes linear.
Panicle spike-like, the Iveads mostly solitary in the
axils of ordinary leaves lii. ^1. rujida.
Panicle thyrsoid ; heads clustered 16. A. tiipartita.
1. Artemisia dracunculoide j Fursh, Fl. 2: 521. 1814.
Artemisia cenma Nutt. Gen. 2: 143. ISIS.
Artemisia inodora Hook. & A:n. Bot. Beech. Voy. 150. 1833.
Type locality: "On the Missouri." Collected by Lewis; the exact place near the
mouth of White Kiver, Lyman Co., S. Dak.
Range: Britisli Columbia to Sashatchcwan, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf KiOQ; Wenache, Wliifed 1337;
North Yakima, Henderson, Octobe:' 5, 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg cf: Leiherg 829; Loomis,
Elmer 598; Spokane, Piper, August, 1893; Sandherg, IleUcr, <,{■ McDoiigal 908; Wawawai,
Piper 1587.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
2. Artemicia canadensis Michx. Fl. 2: 128. 1804.
? Artemisia pacifca Nutt. Trans. Am. Pliil. Soc. 7: 401. 1841.
Ty'PE locality: Iludscm Bay.
Range: Washington to Hudson Bay, south to New England and in llie Rocky Moun-
tains to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, Gardner 164; Skamania County, iS'//A'.syZo// 659;
Wenatchee, Whited 29.
Zonal distribution: Transiti(m.
3. Artemisia borealis wormskioldii Besser, Dracunc. 83. 1832.
Type locality: " In rupibus sinus Kabssund Ciroeidandiac."
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flttt, -luly 20, 1807; Mount Rainier, FIrft,
August 27, 1896.
4. Artemisia frigida Willd. Sp. Pi. 3: 1838. 1803.
Type locality: "Dauuriae."
Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, .south to New Mexico and Texas.
Specimens examined: "Interior Oregon," i. e. Wasiiington, Cooper in 18.53; Colville
Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 362.
5. Artemisia biennis Willd. Sp. PI. 3 ': 1842. 1803.
Type locality: "Nova Zelandial "
Range: Washington to Hudson Bay, south to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Waitsburg, Horner 545; Colton, Piper 2660.
6. Artemisia longepedunculata Rudolphi, Nov. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat . Mosc. 3: 77. 1S34.
Artemisia norvegica pacijica A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-: 371. 1884.
Type locality: " In Siberia ulteriori."
Range: Alaska to Washington. Silieria.
Specimens examined: Horseshoe Basin, KImer 705.
588 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Gon. 2: 143. ISIS.
Artciiii.sia (/it(iji/ial()(li!< Xutt. loc. fit.
Artemisia diversifolia Rydhoifi, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 21. 1901.
Type locality: "On the hanks of the Mississippi, noiir St. Louis: also on the alluvial
plains of the Missouri."
Range: British Columbia to Michigan, south to California and Texas.
Specimens examined: Lake Chelan, Lale & Hull, August 12, 1S92; Wenache, Whited
133S, II; Yakiina, Watt, x\ugust, 1895; junction Cral) and Wilson creeks, Snndherfj d'
Leihcrg 337; Sprague, Lake & Hull 725; Spokane, Piper 3519; Elmer 807; Pullman,
Piper 1586; Salmon River, Horner 342; Rock Lake, Lake cfc Hitll 724; Coulee City, Lal-e
& Hull, August, 1892; west Klickitat County, Svksdorf IGIO; Toppenish, Cotton 778;
Ellensburg, Elmer 378; Lake Chelan, Gorman 679; Sheep Springs, Leiherg 944; Walla
Walla, W like s Expedition ^AA; Fort Colville, Watson 227; Blue Mountains, Horner 296;
without locality, Vasey 479, 482; Squaw Creek, Cotton 867.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
An exceedingly common species presenting great variability as to leaf contour and
pubescence. Several such forms have been considered species or subspecies, a di.sposition
which seems to us entirely artificial. The plant is often called " white sage."
8. Artemisia atomifera sp. nov.
Ccspitose, often in large clumps; stems suffrutescent, mostly simple up to the inflores-
cence, 60 to 120 cm. high, coarsely striate, canescent or glabrate; leaves numerous, sub-
sessile, firm, and rather rigid, green and nearly glabrous above, speckled with numerous
white resinous atoms, closely white-tomcntose Ijcneath, excessively variable as to form,
either all lanceolate and entire or all dentate or laciniate, or the larger ones 5 to 7-pinnately
divided with narrow lobes, usually the upper ones entire, the lower variously dentate or
lolx'd, commonly 2 to 6 cm. long; panicle oblong or somewhat pyramidal, 10 to 20 cm. long,
more or less leafy-bracted, the heads glomerate or spicate on the ascending branches;
involucre campanulate, canescently tomentose, more or less atomiferous like the leaves, 2
to 4 cm. high; bracts about 10, ovate, obtuse; flowers 10 to 25 in each head; mature
akenes linear-oblong, glabrous, destitute of pappus.
A species with the habit and appearance of ^4. ludonciana Nutt., to which it is cl sely
allied, but apparently well marked by the peculiar atomiferous character of the uppe:- leaf
surface. The odor is decidedly more pungent than that of A. ludoriciann. I have never
met the species except in Snake River canyon at Wawawai and Almota.
The type, in the U. S. National Herbarium, is my no. 6466 from Wawawai, a good series
of which shows the variability of the foliage. Other specimens were collected at Wawawai
July 19, 1892, and at Ahnota under no. 2321.
9. Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 5: 568. 1815.
Artemisia tilesii elatior Torr. & Gr. FI. 2: 422. 1843.
Artemisia arachnoidea Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 310. KX)3.
Type locality: "Hab. in Kamtschatka."
Range: Alaska to Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1199; Cascade Mountains, Tn^eedy &
Brandeyee 115, 469; west Klickitat County, Snksdojf S7 1; Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull,
August 24, 1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Lake Cushman, Pi/Jcr, August,
1895; Peshastin, Sandbery ct Leihery 492; Twisp River, Whited, July 20, 1896; near Van-
couver, 5^(f Won 11284.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian and Canadian.
The type of A. arachnoidea Sheldon seems to me only a form of this varial)le species.
10. Artemisia discolor Dough; IXL Prod. 6: 109. 1S37.
?Arteiinsia mirliau.riana Be.sser, Abrot. 71. 1834. "Ad fluv. Columliiaiii. Douglas."
Artemisia stenoloha Rvdl)crg"MenL N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 432. 19(K).
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 589
Tyi'K LocALiTv: "In Amurica hoi. jul Uocky Mountains, propc Si)()kan ct Keltic Falls."
Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia and Montana to California and Utah.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, -19°, />//«// in 1859; Cascade, Mountains to
Colville, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, //enJc/.w/i, August 10, 1892; Suhsdorf 3')-, Yakima
County, Brandegee; Loomis, Ehiier 589; Box Canyon, Kreager 388.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
11. Artemisia lindleyana Besser; Ilook. Fl. 1: 322. 1834, and Abrot. 35. 1S34.
Type locality: " Northwest coast of America." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, 6' (/i-.sy/w/ 193, KUl: hanks of Columbia
at Alder Creek, Brandegee 908; Pasco, Henderson; Bingen, Piper G450.
Along with the original description of the species, Besser describes four subspecies i)ased
wholly on leaf contour, which character in tliis group we consider wortliK'ss. Bessc^r's sul)-
species are named legitiinn., hrevifolia, snhdenfata, and coronopus.
12. Artemisia suksdorfii Piper, Bull. Torr, Club 28: 42. 1901.
Artemisia vulgaris liitoralis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 9S. 1900, not A. litto-
ralis Retz.
Type locality: Fairhaven, Washington.
Range: Seacoast, British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 397(); Fairhaven, Piper 2808; Henderson
in 1892; Seattle, Piper; Chuckanut Bay, Suksdorf 9S0.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
13. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841.
Common sagebrush.
Type locality: "Plains of the Oregon and Lewis River." Collected by Xuttall.
Range: Washington to Montana, Colorado, and eastern California.
Specimens examined: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; LecJcenhy; Mount .\dams,
Suksdorf 72; plains of the Columbia and Lewis rivers, Nuttall; Okanogan, Cooper in 18.53;
Wenache, Whited 1332; Vcshnsnn, Sandherg & Leiherg 470; Rattlesnake Mountains, i>«nn,
September 10, 1902: Moses Coulee. Lake & Hull 717; Chelan, Elmer 8.50; without locality,
Vasey 480.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sono ran.
For illustrations of Artemisia tridentata sec Plates IV and \'I, facing pages 25 and 30.
14. Artemisia arbuscula .\utl. Tians. Anu Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841.
Ty'pe locality: "On the arid plains of upper California, on Lewis River."
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Speclmens e.xa.mined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 8iil, Cotton 1795, 1790.
Two specimens collected by Cotton in the Wenache Mountains, nos. 1.5()5 and 1798,
represent a plant intermediate in characters between A. arbuscula and .1. tndcidata, and
this is said to occupy a belt above the latter and below the former. It is probably an
undescribed species, but better material is needed.
15. Artemisia rigida A. (bay (Nutt.) Proe. Am. .\cad. 19: 49. 1884.
SCABI.AND sagebrush.
Artemisia tnfida rigida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841.
Ty'pe locality: "The plains of Lewis River." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Idaho, eastern W^ashington, and eastern Oregon.
Specimens examined: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 72; North Yakima, Watt. August,
1895; Leckenby; Wenache, Whited 1332; Chelan, Elmer 850; Moses Coulee, Lake di Hull
717; Okanogan County, Cooper in 1853; Peshastin, Sandberg tfe Ledierg 470; plains of
Columbia and Lewis rivers, Nuttall; without locality, Vasey 480; Rock Crei^k, Cotton 966;
Wawawai, Piper 3814, 3815; Fort Simcoe, Cotton 1564.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
590 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
16. Artemisia tripartita Rydbcrg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 432. 1900.
Ariemisia trifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841, not Turcz. 1S32.
Type locality: "Plains of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon." Collected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whked 1339; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 482;
Okanogan River, Cooper; near Deep Creek Falls, Watson 229; Columbia and Lewis River
Plains, Nuttall; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1793.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
17. Artemisia absinthium L. Sp. PI. 2: 848. 1753. Wormwood.
Type locality: European.
Specimens examined: Pullman, iJwvTi/wzm, August 6, 1901 ; Pi /;?/•, August, 1903.
This species seems to be spreading rapidly.
Artemisia richardsoniana Besser does not occur in Washington, the "Mt. Rainier
Tolmie " specimen of the Synoptical Flora having really been collected on tlie " E. side Rky.
Mts., Burke," as noted by Dr. Gray on the sheet in the Gray HerbariuuL
TETRADYMIA.
1. Tetradymia canescens DC. Prod. 6: 440. 1837.
Type locality: "Ad Columbia River. " Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to W3'oming, Arizona, and California.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Elmer 400; Wenaclie, Whited 166; upper Naches
River, Henderson, June 3,1892; Khckitat County, Howell; Wilbur, Henderson, July 17,
1892; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Coulee City, Lake tfc Hull 731 ; Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandberg cfc Leiberg 247; Spokane, Sandberg, Heller, <& MacDougal 930;
Palouse River, Lyall ; without locality, Vasey 543; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 695.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
ARNICA.
Basal loaves cordate, long-petiolcd.
Heads rayless; herbage villous and viscid 1. A. discoidea.
Heads radiate.
Herbage pubescent, the stems hirsute or villous 2. A. cordifolia.
Herbage glabrous.
Akenes atomiferous-glandular; leaves often similarly
glandular on both sides 3. A. gracilis.
Akenes glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves large, usually dentate, thin 4. .4. latifolia.
Leaves small, crenatc-dentate, firm 5. A. bctonicaefolia.
Basal leaves not cordate, short-petioled.
Heads rayless • 6. A. parryi.
Heads radiate.
Leaves dentate or denticulate, mostly rather broad.
Pappus whitish, barbellate.
Herbage viscid-glandular, upper leaves much re-
duced.
Stems with corm-like base, tiiis covered with
a reddish tomentura 7. A. pedunculata.
Stems from horizontal rootstocks 8. A.fulgrns.
Herbage atomiferous-glandular or glandless; up-
per leaves but little reduced 9. A. aurantiaca.
Pappus fuscous, subplumosc.
Upper surface of leaves glabrous, sticky.
Stem leaves ovate or ovate-oblong 10. A. amplexicaulis.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 591
Stt'in leaves liUReolate or lanec-ol)l(tiig 11. ,1. UKicounii.
Upper surface of leaves pubescent.
Pubescence sparse, pilose 12. .1. asjiera.
Pubescence dense, short 13. .1. mollis.
Leaves subentire, rarel}^ lanceolate.
Herbage white-tomentose 14. A. cana.
Herbage glabrous or nearh' so 15. ^i. lomjifolid.
1. Arnica discoidea Bentli. PI. Hartw. 319. 1849.
Arnica cordifolia eraJiata Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-: 381. 1884.
Type locality: Monterey, California.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Falcon Valley, Sul-:iilo/f IVA7 , 565.
2. Arnica cordifolia Hook. FL Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1833.
Arnica macrophylla Nutt. Trans. Am. Pliil. Soc. 7: 407. 1841.
Type locality ; "Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains on the east side. " Collected by
Drunimond.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 139; Mount Adams, Flett 1103;
Clealum, Whited 621; near Wenache, W'/ii?e(? 91, 1101; Eiiion, Henderson, imw 11, 1892;
Spokane, Pipe/", May 16, 189G; Hangman Qvci'k, Sandherg & Leiherg 42; Kamiak Butte,
Moore, June 4, 1893; Pi per,. Ju]y 20, 1899; witliout locality, Vaseij 535; Lake Kalispel,
Kreager 351 .
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
3. Arnica graciHs Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 297. 1897.
Arnica midliflnra Greene, Pittonia 4: 162. 1900.
Type locality: Spanish Peaks, Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1306; Mount Steele, Piper 2203; Looniis,
Elmer, August, 1879; Nason Creek, Sandberg tf- Lnbcrg 6S2; Mount Adams, Suksdoif, Sep-
tember 17, 1883.
4. Arnica latifolia Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Pctersb. \l 2: 147. 1832.
Arnica ntenzicsii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1833.
Type locality: Sitka.
Range: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Pipw 2205, 1072, Cascade Mountains, 49°,
Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2143 and August, 1895; Fleit 247: Mount Stuart, Elmer
1165; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Sulsdoif 195, Flett 1080, upper Nis-
qually Valley, ^IZ/e/i, 138; Silverton, Bouck 106; Yakima Region, Pmnr/cyte 913, Skagit
Pass, Lake & Hull 737; Stevens Pass, Whited 1462.
Zonal distribution; Hudsonian.
5. Arnica betonicaefolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 1()3 19(X).
Type locality. "At 6000 to 7000 feet on slopes of Movuu Steele of (lie ()lynii)ic
Mountains. "
Range. Olympic Moimtains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Baldy Peak, Land) 13(M'), Mount Steele, Piper 2202, Mount
Storm King, Lawrence 349.
Zonal distribution. Arctic.
This species is closely allied to A. latifoha Bong., and may prove to Ix' nnihing but a
reduced alpine form of it
6 Arnica parryi A Gra> Am. Nat. 8; 213. 1874.
Type locality. Colorado. Collected by Parry.
592 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Range: Wiisliiiigtuii and Oregon to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, /'Vt/MoO; Mount Rainier, Pipfr 2159; Goat
Mountain, Alien 137; Mount Adams, iS'i/AWo// 5(50; Howell; Loonns, Elmer 582; without
locality, Vasey 530; Wenachc Mountains, Cotton 1053.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
7. Arnica pedunculata Rydbeig, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 297. 1897.
Arnica monocejihald Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: -135. 1900.
Type locality: Spanish Basin, Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Mountains north of EUonsbuig, Whited 719; Wenache Moun-
tains, Whited 1137; Spangle, Piper, May 24, 1901; Rock Lake, Sandherg lic Leiberg 103;
Pullman, Piper 1578; Elmer 875; Spokane, Deivarf
This species is in liabit just like the plant referred to A. fulgens Pursh, but that has
horizontal rootstocks, while this has a corniose base covered with pale reddish tomentuni.
This difference may not prove constant, and needs further examination in the field. Both
the species here mentioned have been referred to A. cdpina Olin, which, in its typical form at
least, does not occur in Washington.
8. Arnica fulgens Pursh, Fl. 2: 527. 1814.
Type locality: "On the banks of the Mi.ssouri."
Range: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Republic, Beattie d- Chapman 204; Goat Mountains, Allen 229;
Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1800; Wenas and Umtanum creeks, Cotton 1148;
Ellensburg, Piper 2677; Whited 542, 649; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Sprague, Hender-
son 2279; Waitsburg, Horner 598; Pullman, Ptper, June 13, 1894.
Zonal distribction. Arid Transition.
9. Arnica aurantiaca G I eene, Toireya 1:42. 1901.
Type locality. "At the head of Keystone Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, at
about 7,000 feet." Collected by Cusick, August, 1900
Specimens examined: Goat Mountains, Allen 229
10. Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 408. 1841.
Ain'ua amplex'ifolinn Rydbeig, Mem. N. Y. Bot Gard. 1: 434. 1900 (February 15).
Type locality: "On the rocks of the Wahlamet at the Falls," Oregon.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Cape Horn, Ptpii 4962, 5tM)9; Olympic Mountains, Piper 220-i;
Flett 818;. Mount Rainier, Allen 285a; Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 738,
ll..-Amica macounii Greene, Pittonia 4: 160. 1900 (December 8).
Type locality: " Near Comox, Vancouver Island."
Specimens examined: Skokomish River, Piper 1074; Coast Mountains, Cooper; Cas-
cade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; White Salmon, Sulcsdoif 28; Lake Cushman, Kincaid,
June 15, 1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1194;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 672; Lake Wenache, Sandherg & Leiherg 633.
This .species differs from ^4. amplexicaidis only in its narrow leaves, a character far from
constant.
12. Arnica aspera Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 281. 1902.
Type locality: iviount R.-inier. Collected by Greene.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Greene, August 20, 1889.
This species is closely allied to the Alaskan ^1. ehaniisKonis Less., but the pubescence is
much harsher.
13. Arnica mollis llorjk. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 231. 1839.
Type locality: "Alpine rivuk'ts of tiie Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia to Quebec, south Calil'oruia, and Colorado.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 593
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, J//t'ft 285; Piper 2139; Mount Adams, 6' (/A:s/j//
5(37; Henderson, August 10, 1892; Howell in 1882; Suksdorf 567; Yukiina County, //enf/^r-
son. 2298; Yakinui Region, 5/a7M/e^ee 912; Mount Stuart, E/mer 11G4, 1163; Cascade Moun-
tains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Skagit Pass, Lalce cfc Hull 736; Stevens Pass, Sandherg & Leiberg
725; Bridge Creek, Elmer.
Most of the above specimens were distrihutetl as A. charnissonls Less., a species which
apparently does not reach our Hmits.
14. Arnica cana Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 282. 1902.
Arnica foliosa incana Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 416. 1876.
Arnica incana Gvecm', Pittonia 4: 169. 1900, not A. incana Pers. 1807.
Type locality: Lake Tahoe, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Speci.mens examined: Cascade Mountains, Brarulegee 139; While Salmon, Suhsdorf in
1878; Big Klickitat River, Henderson in 1892.
16. Arnica longifolia D. C. Eaton in Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 186. 1871.
Type locality: "Clover Mts. '' Nevada.
Range: Washington? and Idaho to California and Utah.
Specimens exa.mined: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 56S, a somewhat doubtful specimen,
the akenes hairy as well as glandular.
The above treatment of the Washington species of Arnica is far from satisfactory. It
is probable that further study in the field will compel the recognition of a larger number
of species. Collectors should secure laige series of specimens and note carefully which
characters are constant and which are due to dilfeiences in environment.
PETASITES.
Alpine plant; leaves ovate or oblong, 5 to 7-lobed, 5 to 10 cm. long 3. P.frigida.
Lowland plants.
Leaves broadly sagittate, very coarsely dentate 1. P. dentata.
Leaves reniform-orbicular, 7 to 11-cleft, very large, often 30 cm. or more
broad . 2. P. speciosa.
1. Petasites dentata Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 64. 1905.
Type locality: "The common Rocky Mountain species."
Range: British Columbia to Hudson Bay south to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Marshall Junction, Piper, Ju.\y 2, 1896; Pend Oreille River, Lyall
in 1861.
Zonal distribution. Canadian.
This species has been generally confused with the entire leaved P. sagittata Pursh of
the Hudson Bay region.
2. Petasites speciosa (Xutt.)-Piper, .Mazaina 2: 97. 1901.
Nardosmia speciosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 288. 1840.
Type locality: "Shady forests of the Oregon and Wahlamet by streams." Collected
by Nuttall.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper 123; Silverton, Bouck 104;
Tacoma, Flett 201; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 54; Larm River, Suksdorf 140;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1341.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
This species is entirely diti'erent from the eastern P. palmata (Ait.) Gray, with which
authors have confused it.
29418—06 M 38
594 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Petasites frigida (L.) Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. 182. 1846.
Tussilagofrigida L. Sp. PI. 2: 865. 1753.
Petasites nivalis Greene, Pittonia 2: 18. 1889.
Type locality: "Habitat in Alpium Lapponiae, Heivetiae, Siberiae convallibus."
Range: Alaska to Washington and Lake Superior. Europe. Asia.
Speclmens examined: Baldy Peak, IahiJ) 13.56; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2190; Mount
Rainier, Smith in 1889; Piper in 1890: Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 803; Stevens Pass, Saml-
berg tfc Leiherej 783.
Zonal wstkibl'tion: iludsonian.
CACALIOPSIS.
1. Cacaliopsis nardosmia glabrata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 222. 1902.
Type locality: Klickitat County, WashingtoiL Collected Ijy Suksdorf.
Range: Washington in the Cascade Mountains.
Specimens examined: KHckitat County, Suksdorf m 1883; Klickitat River, Flett 1104;
Simcoe Mountains, Howell; near Wenache, Whited 1136; Stevens Pass, Sandherg & Leiherg
564; Roslyii, Whited 425; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1271.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
LUINA.
1. Luina hypoleuca Benth.; Hook. Ic. PI. 12: 36. t. 11.39. 1873.
Type locality: "Amongst rocks, Ca.scade Mountains, Lake Chilukweyuk," Washington.
Collected by Lyall.
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2151, 352; Flett 246; Goat Mountain, Allen 31;
Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 14, 1892; Silverton, Bouek: Yakima County, Brandegee;
Stevens Pass, Sandherg & Leiherg 784; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 805; Stampede Pass,
Henderson, June 26, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 687; without locality, Vasey 540; Mount
Storm King, Laivrence 325.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
RAINIERA.
1. Rainiera stricta Greene, Pittonia 3: 291. 1898.
Prenanthen stricta Greene, Pittonia 2: 21. 1889.
Luina piperi Rol)inson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 43. / 6. 1891.
Psacalium strictum Greene, Pittonia 2: 228. 1892.
Type locality: Mount Rainier, Washington.
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Goat Mountains, Allen, 140;
Flett 2140; near Mount Adams, Henderson 2320; Mount Rainier, Greene in 1889.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
CROCIDIUM.
1. Crocidium multicaule Hook. Fl. Bor. Am 1: 335. 1833.
Type locality: "About Fort Vancouver," Washington.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Whidby Island, GanZner 183; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma,
Flett 79; Ellensburg, Whited 262; near Ellensburg, WhitM 64; foothills Blue Mountains,
Horner 165; without locality. Cooper.
Zonal distribution : Transition.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 595
SENECIO.
Annual; calyculate bracts of the involune several, short, closely
appressed, distinctly black-tipped I. S. vulgaris.
Biennials or perennials; calyculate bracts of the involucre few,
not closely appressed, slightly or not at all black-tipped •
(except in S. lugeiis).
Leaves, or some of them, pinnate or pinnatifid.
Stems mostly leafy: leaves all pinnatifid or the lower-
most undivided and orbicular; pubescence if any
crisp-hairy, not woolly.
Leafy to the inflorescence; leave's thin 2. S. harfordii.
Leafy at the base, naked above; leaves thick. . . 3. S. Jiettii.
Stems leafy below, the upper leaves much reduced,
mostly pinnatifid or pinnatisect ; pubescence if any
white woolly.
Herbage densely white woolly or fioccose; pubes-
cence usually persistent.
Pubescence persistent except in S. fastigi-
afus; leaves 1 to 2 cm. broad.
Petioles of the ba.sal leaves usually
shorter than the blades 12. wer involucral bracts and fewer flowers.
3. Senecio flettii Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 137. 1899.
Typk i-ocwLrrv: " Near the headwaters of the Quilceue River, Olympic Mountains."
Collected by Flett.
Range: Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Flett 801; Elmer 2620, Mount Steele, Pifer
2196, 929.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
4. Senecio pauciflorus Pur.sh, Fl. 2: 529. 1814.
Type locality: "In Labrador."
Range: British Columbia and Washington to Labrador.
Specimens examined: Mount Constitution, Henderson 2312; Big Meadows, Kreager 428-
Deming, Flett 852 in part.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian.
4a. Senecio pauciflorus fallax Greenman, sul).sp. nov.
Stem erect, ai)out 5 dm. higii; lower stem-leaves 3 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 cm broad,
pinnately parted with deep broad sinuses between the lateral divisions, blackish or dark
green in the dried state; segments narrowly oblong to subovate, obtusely toothed; upper
leaves reduced to mere bracts; inflorescence cymose, few-headed; heads 8 to 10 mm high,
radiate, involucre campanulate; bracts of the involucre 18 to 21, linear acute, 6 to 8 mm.
long, slightly purplish-tipped, glabrous, ray-flowers 10 to 12; rays yellow; disk-flowers 50
to 60, achenes glabrous.
Washington: Roadside in partial .shade, Deming, Whatcom County, June 30, 1898, J . B.
Flett, no. 852 in part (type in hb. Piper, fragment and tracing in hi) (iray).
The subspecies /(;//«i' is readily separated from D. pseiidaureus on the characters of the
foliage
5. Senecio subnudus DC. Prod. 6: 428. 1837.
Senecio aureus subnudus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-: 391. 1884.
Type locality. "Ad Columbia River." Collected \>y Douglas.
Range. Washington and Montana to Calilorma.
598 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Near Mount Adams, Henderson 2308, Yakima region, Brandegee
915; Chiquash Mountains, SuJcsdorf 2167 .
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
6. Senecio ovinus Greene, Pittonia 4: 110. 1900.
Type locality: "On Sheep Mountain, Alberta."
Range: Washington, Montana, and Alberta.
Specimens e.xamined: North Fork of Bridge Creek, Elmer, August, 1897; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake cfc Hull, August 24, 1892.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
7. Senecio pseudaureus Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Chib 24: 298. 1897.
Type locality: Little Belt Mountains, Montana
Range: Washington to Nevada and Colorado
Specimens examined; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860, Mount Adams, SuJcsdorf
570, Falcon Valley. SuksdorJ 571 . without locality Brandegee 917, Ellensburg, Elmer 431;
Whited 442; Lake Keechekis, uenderson in 1892; without localitj', Tasfi/ in 1889; Fort
Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition 971
Zonal DISTRIBUTION: Canadian,
8. Senecio adamsi Howell, Fl. N W. Am. 379. 1900.
Type localitv Mount Adams, Washington.
Range. Known only liom Mount Adams
Specimens examined Mount Adams, SuksdorJ 73, Henderson 2309; Flett 1093.
Zonal distribution Arctic
9. Senecio cymbalarioides .\utt Trans Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 412. 1841.
Type locality. " In Oregon '
Range. Washington to Athabasca and Utah
vSpecimens examined. Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860, Mount Chapaca, Elmer
592; Pinyon Creek, Gorman 809. Twenty-tive Mile Creek, Gorman 810.
10. Senecio fraternus sp nov
Perennial, glabrous throughout, the several more or less flexuous stems erect or nearly so,
arising from a stout caudex, stems about 30 cm high, somewhat coarsely' striate, basal
leaves thickish, somewhat quadrangular, subentire or with 7 to 11 coarse sinuations, 2 to
3 cm. long, the blade abruptly contracted to a narrowly-margined petiole about twice as
long; cauline leaves about 6 spatulate-oblanceolate to oblong, becoming smaller and lobed
upward, sessile or nearly so, the lateral lobes 4 to 8, oblong-linear, obtuse, heads 8 to 12
in a rather close or convex cymose cluster, only the lower elongated rays branched, invo-
lucre somewhat turbinate, of from 11 to 13 linear-lanceolate acutish bracts 6 to 7 mm long,
with a few calyculate ones at base, rays few, bright yellow, oblong. 7 mm long, florets 15
to 20, akenes glabrous
Collected on Mount Stuart, Kittitas County, Washington, by Sandberg & Leibeig, no.
553, July 24, 1893. at an altitude of 1,060 meters. The type specimen is in the United
States National Herbarium, numbered 2857.58
The species is somewhat intermediate between 5 cymhalanoides .Nutt and S. adamsi
Howell.
11. Senecio balsamitae Muhl , Willd. Sp. Pi 3: 1998 1803.
Type locality- "In .\merica boreali "
Range: British Columbia and Washington to Quebec and Penn.sylvania.
Specimens examined Colvjile Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 366, Republic, Beattie cfc
C tin prrtan 2256, Wenache, Whiied 1096, P&svo ^ Hmdshaw H.
Zonal distribution. Transition
PTPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 599
12. Senecio canus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 333. 1S33.
Type locality: "Banks of tlie Saskatchewan, lare." Collected hy Dnnninoiul.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatcliewaii, Dakota, and Colorado.
Speclviens examined: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860.
13. Senecio howellii Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 98. 1881.
Type locality: "On the upper Columbia River in Oregon." Collected liv Howell.
The laliel of the type collection reads "Columbia River opposite the mouth of the Des
Chutes."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Speclmens e.xamined: Wenache, Whiied 1142; Rock Island, Saiidhei-g do Leiherg 4.57;
Pa.sco, Tlimlshaw, May 2.5, 1896; Loon Lake, Winston, Ju\y 20, 1897; Spokane County,
Suksdorf 275; Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892; Piper 2267; Hangman Ctvek,SiiksdorJ
934; Clarks Springs, Kreager 98; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1249; Whited 1.361; eastern
Washington, Wilkes Expedition.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
This was listed by Torrcy in the Botany of the Wilkes Expedition as .S'. diireiis horcnlis.
14. Senecio fastigiatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 410. 1841.
Senecio spatultfonnis Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: .5.52. 1899.
Type locality; "The plains of Oregon, near the Wahlamet." Collected by Xuttall.
Range; Washington and Oregon in the coast region.
Specimens examined; Mason County, Piper, July 20, LSi^H); Yelm, Smith .5.38; Clarke
County, Henderson: Elma, Heller 4061; Mill Plain, J. Howell, June, 1877; Mount Consti-
tution, Flett 2734.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
14a. Senecio fastigiatus macounii (Greene) Greennian.
Senecio macounii Greene, Pittonia 3: 169. 1897.
Type locality; Mount Benson, Vancouver Island.
Range; Vancouver Island and Washington.
Specimens examined: Mount Constitution, Fhtt 27.30. 2743: Valley of the Columbia
River, Liinll in 1860.
16. Senecio elmeri Piper, Erythea 7: 173. 1899.
Senecio crepidinens Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 2.50. 1902.
Type locality; "On gravelly moraines at the head of North Fork of Bridge Creek,
Okanogan County," Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Range; British Columbia to Oregon.
Speclmens examined: Without locality, Brandegee 920, 98.5; Bridge Creek, Ehiwr 71.5;
Mount Stewart, Elmer 1200.
16. Senecio lugens Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 748. 1823.
Type locality; "At Bloody Fall, where the Esquimaux weie destioyed by the North-
ern Indians that accompanied Hearne, whence th.e specific name." This place is on the
Coppermine River in Yukon.
Range; Yukon to Washington and Montana.
Specimens examined; Olympic Mountains, Flett 9.5, 800.
Zonal dlstribution: Arctic.
17. Senecio hydrophilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7:411. 1841.
Type locality: "In the Rocky Mountains by Ham's Fork of the Colorado of the WVst."
Collected by Nuttall.
Range; British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Kreager ,5.56; Elmer 863; Piper 2.382; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf AU): Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.
Zonal distribi;tion: Arid Transition and Canadian.
000 rONTRTBUTTONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
18. Senecio hydrophiloides Rydhorg, Mom. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 441. 1900.^
Type loc^vlitv: Idaho.
Range; Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Spokane County, Svl-sdorf 37f);
Eamm, July, 1883; Clarks Spring.s, Kreager 5.5: Falcon Valley, Svk.ydorf, July 5, 1881.
Zonal dkstribution: Arid Transition.
19. Senecio foetidus Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 377. 1900.
Type locality: Klickitat Valley, Washington.
Range: Known only from the type locality.
Specimen.s examined: Klickitat Valley, Ilomll 224.
20. Senecio vaseyi Greenman, sp. nov.
An herbaceous perennial, more or le.ss pubescent throughout with jointed crisp hirsutish
hairs, later glabrate; stem erect, 4 to 7 cm. high, simple; leaves elliptic-ovate to lanceolate,
5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 4 cm. broad, acute or obtu.se, entire or inconspicuously denticulate,
narrowed at the base into a winged petiole; the upper leaves remote, lanceolate from a
sessile subclasping base; inflorescence a simple or compound corymbose cyme; heads
medium-sized, 10 to 12 mm. high, discoid: involucre campanulate, sparingly biacteolate;
bracts of the involucre 12 to 18, linear-lanceolate, acute, black-tipped; achenes glabrous.
Washington: without definite locality, coll. of 1889, G. R. Vasey, no. 568 (hb. Gray); in
and near the Cascade Mountains of Kittitas, Chelan, and King counties, coll. of 1889, G. B.
Vasey, without number (hi). Piper); Klickitat River, Cascade Mountains, August 3, 1892,
L. F. Henderson (hb. Piper); Chewaukum, Whited 2532; Spipen [Naches] River to Colum-
bia River, Willces Expedition. California: Mount Shasta, altitude 7,500 feet, August 23,
1881, C. G. Pnngh, no. 6 (hi). Gray and hi). Field Mus.); Lassens Peak, coll. of 1875,
J. G. Lemmon (hb. Gray).
21. Senecio exaltatus .\utt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 410. 1841.
Type locality: "The plains of the Oregon, near the mouth of the Wahlamet."
Range: Washington and Idaho to California.
Specimens examined: Pullman, Piper 1008; upper Atanum River, Henderson 2311.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
21a. Senecio exaltatus ochraceus nom. nov.
Senecio cordatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 411. 1841, not Koch, 1834.
Senecio In gens ochroleucus K.Gv&y, Syn. M. 1-': 388. 1884, not S. ochroleucns Ilook. &
Arn. 1841.
. Type locality: "Near the outlet of the Wahlamet."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Flett 2167; Klickitat County, Svksdorf 23;
Howell in 1879; Goat Mountain, Alien 230; High Prairie, Klickitat County, Siiksdorf 1620;
Simcoc Mountains, Houell, June, 1881; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1196; Ellensburg,
Piper, May 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
Zonal di.stribution: Transition.
22. Senecio atriapiculatus Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 442. 19f)0.
Senecio colli nibiairiis Greene, Pittonia 3: 170. 1900, not »S'. renifolivs colundriensis A. Grny .
188!.
Type locality: None definitel}' given.
Range: British Columbia to Washington and Montana.
Specimens examined: Mount Carlton, A' /wqrc/' 242; Wenache, W lilted 88.
Zonal dlstribittion: Arid Transition.
23. Senecio condensatus Greene, Pittonia 3: 298. 189S.
Type locality: "High ridges of the Blue Mountains, Walla Walla Co., Washington."
Collected by Piper.
Specimens examined: Blue Mountains, A/w 2434; Waitsburg, //wnr? , .\pril 17,1897.
PIPER- — FLORA OF TTTE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 601
24. Senecio triangularis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 332. 1S33.
Senecio longidentatiis DC. Prod. 6: 428. 1837.
Senecio gibbonsii Greene, Pittonia 2: 20. 1889.
Type locality: Rocky Mountaiii.s. Collected by Drumnioiid.
Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Cahfornia and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2154; Mount Adams, Flett 1083; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg S Leiberg 732; Stampede Tunnel, Tlender-son, July 26, 1892; Brido;e (!reek,
Elmer 647; Blue Mountains, Horner 344.
Zonal distribution: Canadian and Hudsonian, occasionally Transtion.
The type of S. gibbonsii Greene was collected in salt marshes at the mouth of the Colum-
bia River. The orif];inal specimen has the leaves only few-toothed, but abundant material
collected by the writer just above Astoria in salt marshes seems in every way typical S. iri-
(ingularis. This is a remarkable station for the species, whicli is usually sui)alpine in its
habitat.
24a. Senecio triangularis subvestitus (Howell) Grecnman.
Senecio subvestihts Howell, Erythea 3: 3.5. 189.5.
Type locality: "In wet meadows, top of Siskiyou Mountains near Waldo, Oregon."
Range: British Columbia to California.
Specimens examined: P^ast of Mount .Vdams, Henderson 2310.
25. Senecio serra Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 333. 1833.
Type locality: "Common on the banks of the Wallawallah, Spokan, and Flathead
rivers." Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Ellensburg, Whited 702, 495; North Yakima, Steimveg 894;
Egbert Springs, Sandberg d' Leiberg .392; Koo.skooskie to Walla Walla, WiJhes Expedition
.521 ; along Coppei River, Horner 356; Pullman, Pijitr 1609; Cow Creek, (rrljfi/lis d^ Cotton
527; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 675.
Zonal distribution:. Arid Transition.
25a. Senecio serra lanceolatus (Torr. & Gr.).
Semrlo lanceolatus Torr. Sc Gr. Fl. 2: 440. 1843.
Senecio andinus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 409. 1841, not Buck. 1S40.
Senecio serra integriusculus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': .387. 1884.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains." Collected by Nuttall, proi)ably in Wyoming.
Range: Washington to Wyoming and California.
Specimens examined: Atanum Soda Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains,
Tweedy, August, 1882: Falcon Valley, SuJcsdorf, July 28, 1882; Waitsburg, Hormr 572.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
26. Senecio ductoris nom. nov.
Senecio fremonti Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 445. 1843, not S. flifoliusfrewontri Torr. & Gr. Fl.
2: 444.
Type locality: "Wind River Chain, Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, ^4/ZfA) 144; P(7w2146; Bridge Creek, E/wfr 695;
Olympic Mountains, Piper 2201.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
ANTENNARIA.
Pappus bristles of the staminate flowers not dilated at tip.
Heads several, brown.
Plants without stolons \. A. stenopTiyEa.
Plants with surculose stolons 2. ^4. leucophaea.
602 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Heads solitary.
Plants with slender naked stolons 3. A. jlagellaris.
Plants without slender stolons.
Pistillate stems 6 to 10 em. tall A. A. latisquama.
Pistillate stems 2 to 3 em. tall b. A. dimorpha.
Pappus bristles of staminate flowers dilated at tip.
Plants not stoloniferous.
Pistillate heads oblong, the braets pinkish (i. .4. qeyen.
Pistillate heads not oblong, the bracts white or brownish.
Pubescence close, silky-woolly 7 . A. hizuloides.
Pubescence floccose-woolly.
Stems 5 to 10 cm. high; alpine plant 8. ^4. Janata.
Stems 25 to 60 cm. high; not alpine.
Tips of the bracts not conspicuously papery.. 9. A. pulcherrima.
Tipsof the bracts conspicuously white-papery. 10. ^4. anapfialoides.
Plants stoloniferous, growing in patches.
Heads loosely racemose: inflorescence glandular 1 1. ^4. lacemosa.
Heads corymbose; inflorescence not glandular.
Leaves 3 to 5 cm. long, oblanceolate or narrowly obovate.
Green and glabrate above 12. .4. lioweUii.
Tomentose on both surfaces 13. .4. concolor.
Leaves much smaller and narrower.
Heads 6 to S mm. high; bracts white or pink 20. A. parvifolia.
Heads 4 to 7 mm. high.
Involucral bracts tinged with green or brown.
SuflYutescent at base; bracts yellowish.. 14. A. confinis.
Not sufl^rutescent ; bracts greenish brown.
Leaves densely white-tomentose on
both sides 15. ^4. media.
Leaves glabrate above, loosely to-
mentose beneath 16. ^4. loinenleUa.
Involucral bracts white or pink.
Leaves obtuse, white-tomento.se; bracts
pink 17. A. concinna.
Leaves acute, grayish tomentose.
Heads in a dense cluster; bracts
pink 18. ^. ro.9ea.
Heads in a loose corymb; bracts
white 19. ^4. Iiendersoni.
1. Antennaria stenophylla A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 213. 1882.
Antennaria alpina stenophylla A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 366. 1874.
Type locality: "Spipen [Naches] River." Collected by Pickering & Brackenridge.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1345; Ellensburg, Piper 2708:
Whited, April 18, 1898; Pa.sco, Hind.^haw 4, May 25, 1896; Kittitas Mountain, Whited,
May 27, 1896: Spipen River, Wilke.^ Expedthon: Hangman Creek, Sandherg & Leihery
51; Medical Lake, Sandhery d' Leibery, May, 1893, Spangle, Piper 3541; Spokane River,
Wilke.'! Expedition.
Zonal distribiition; Arid Transition.
2. Antennaria leucophaea Piper, Bull Torr. Club 29: 221. 1902.
Type locality Klickitat, Washington. Collected by Howell.
Range- Klickitat County. Washington
Specimens e.xamined: Klickitat County, //o;/;e//; near Co\uui\m>i, Suksdorf.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 603
3. Antennaria flagellaris (Toit.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 212. 1SS2.
Anlennaria dimorpha flagellaris Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 3()(). 1S74.
Type locality: "Between Spipen [Naches] River and the north fork of the Cohinil)ia,
Washington Territory."
Range: W^ashington and Oregon to Montana.
Specimens examined: Ellenshurg, Piper 2709; Simooe Mountains, Howell 286; Cleve-
land, SuJcsdoif 451; Spipen River, Willces Expedition; Yakima region, Brandegee 92,887;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1396.
Zonal distribution: Upper Sonoran.
4. Antennaria latisquama Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 41. 1901.
Type locality: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Howell.
Range: Washington.
Specimens examined: Klickitat County, Hoirell 417: niounlains near Columljus, Sukft-
dorf, April 13, 1886; near Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861.
5. Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 431. 1843.
Onaphalium dimorphum Nutt, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 40.5. 1841.
Ty-pe locality: "On the Black Hills of the Platte."
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Wenache, Whited 11; Roslyn, Whited 419; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 309; Pasco, Piper 2979; Tlimhhaw 4.5; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane
River, Geyer 479; Spipen [Naches] River, WiHnen Expedition; Pine City, Piper, May 6,
1898; Spokane, Piper 2296; Lyall in 1861; aliove Wawawai, Elmer 101; Piper, May 6,
1900; Waitsburg, Horner 162.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
6. Antennaria geyeri A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 107. 1849.
Type locality: "Arid sandy woods near Tshimakainc, Spokan Country," Washington.
Collected by Geyer.
Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.
Specimens examined: Naches River, Henderson, August 11, 1892; Falcon Valley,
SuTcsdorf 407; Howell, August 18, 1882; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 14, 1882;
Spokane, Kreager 173; near Tshimakaine, Geyer .542.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
7. Antennaria luzuloides Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 4.30. 1843.
Typs locality: "Oregon or Rocky Mountains." Collected l)y Douglas or by Drum-
mond.
Range: British Columbia to Wyoming and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Ellensbuig, Whited 399; Falcon Valley, Suksdoif 40G; between
Thorp and Clealum, Whited 399; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Sprague, Sandberg cfc Leiherg 177; without locality, Wilkes Expedition;
Pullman, Piper 1512, Blue Mountains, Horner 610.
Zonal distribution. Arid Transition.
8. Antennaria lanata (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 288, 1898.
Antemmna carpathica lanata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 329. 18.33.
Type locality. "Swamps of the plains among the Rocky Mountains." Collected by
Drummond.
Range: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2422; Mount Rainier, Allen 289;
P?/w 527, 2162; Totmie; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, L(/a// in 18.59; Mount Adams,
Henderson, August 10, 1892; Flett 1094; Skagit Pa.ss, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892;
Nason Creek, Sandberg d" Leiherg 833.
Zonal distribution. Arctic.
()04 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
9. Antennaria pulcherrima Greene, Pittonia 3: 176. 1897.
Antennaria cnrpathica pulcherrima Ilook. Fl. Bor. Ain. 1: 329. 1S33.
Type locality: "Swainps of the plain.s among the Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Cohimbia and An)erta to Oregon and New Mexico.
Specimens examined: Wenache Mountains, Elmer, 452; PuHman, Elmer, June, 1897.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
10. Antennaria anaphaloides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 409. 19(X).
Type locality: Spanish Basin, Montana.
Range: Washington to Montana.
Specimens examined: Upper Naclies, Henderson, June 1.5, 1892; Cleman Mountain,
Henderfion 2284; Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Yakima County, Henderson 2284; Wenache
Mountains, Cotton 1307.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
11. Antennaria racemosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: .330. 1833.
Antennaria jnperi Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 21. 1901.
Type locality: "Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains."
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and Wyoming.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2420; Nisqually sources, Allen 224;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 18.59; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861;
Peshastin, Sandherg c& Leiberg 484; Klickitat River, Flett 110.5; Wenache Mountains,
Wfiited 1261; Roslyn, Whited 419; Clealum, Heiiderson, ^uno 11, 1892; Kamiak Butte,
Elmer in 1897; Pi/Jf/', July 20, 1899; Mount Carlton, /r/frtz/fr 227: without locality, Vasey
in 1889; Mount Storm King, Lawrence .329, 3.30; Olympic Mountains, Piper iu 1895.
Zonal distribution: Canadian.
12. Antennaria howellii Greene, Pittonia 3: 276. 1898.
Type locality: St. Helens, Oregon (not "Mt. St. Helen"). Collected by Howell.
Range: British Cohmibia to Montana and Oregon.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2423; Mason County, Kincaid, June
15, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen; Tacoma, Flett 103; near Mount Adams, Hen-
derson 2289; west Klickitat County, Suhsdoif 2109: Falcon VaWey, Sidsdorf 404, Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in Jun(>, 1861; Spokane, Piper 2942; Spangle, Piper 3.539; Blue Moun-
tains, Horner 171.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
This species was formerly referred to A. plnntaginlfolid (L.) Hook, of the Eastern States.
13. Antennaria concolor sp. nov.
Cespitose, the ligneous rootstocks and stolons slender; stems slender, erect, 20 to 30
cm. high, sparsely tomentose; basal leaves thin, spatulate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, whitish,
abruptly acuminate, concave on the lateral margins, the greener upper side becoming nearly
glabrous the second .season; cauline 7 to 9, linear or linear-lanceolate; inflorescence of 4 to
7 short-peduncled heads in a corymb; involucre 8 to 9 mm. high; bracts in about 3 ranks,
mostly acute, greenisii below, fuscous in the middle, the tips paler or white.
Type specimens collected by the writer in open places in fir woods near the siil)url) of
Poitland, Oreg., known as Mount Scott, June 6, 1904, no. 6189. A few colonies only were
found, all pistillate.
The species is perhaps nearest to A. ?iOMv//ii Greene, which was abundant in the same
locality, Init that has larger and thicker leaves, nearly always smooth and green above witii
the lateral margins nearly straight and with the heads usually sessile.
I would^also refer to this species no. 485, G. R. Vasey, collected \n the Cascade Mountains,
probably near Ellensburg, Wash., in 1889. This was referred doubtfully by Nelson (Pro-
ceedings U. S. National Museum 33.71.3) to A. pedicellaia Greene, but that has a glandular
inflorescence. The Vasey specimen differs from the type of A. concolor only m tliat the
stems are sonK'what stouter, the leaves thicker and less suddenly narrowed into the petiole
and the heads shorter-pedicelled.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 605
14. Antennaria confinis (livciic, Fittouiii 4: 40. 1899.
Type locality: Santa Catalinn Mountains, Arizona.
Range: Washington to Arizona.
Specimens examined: Wcnachc Mountains, Whifid 1262; Cotton 1280; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 1280.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
15. Antennaria media Greene, Pittonia 3: 286. 1898.
Type locality: "Mountains above Coldstream, Plaeer Co., Caliroriiia."
Range: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Ct)lorado.
Specimens examined: Olympie Mountains, Piper, August, 189r); Ehntr 2421 ; Mount
Rainier, Allen 141; Mount Adams, Iltnderson, August, 1892; Flett 1180; Yakima region,
Brandegee 886.
Zonal distribution: Arctic.
This species was formerly confused witii the European .1. aJpina (L.) (laertn.
16. Antennaria tomentella E. Nelson, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus. 23: 701. l'.M)l.
Ti'pe locality: "Near Stevens Pass, Cascade Mountains, Washington." Collected by
Sandberg & Lciberg.
Range: Cascade Mountains, Wasiiington.
Specimens examined: Stevens Pa.ss, Sandhciy cfc Leihen/ 751; Mount Adams, Cotton
1517.
17. Antennaria concinna E. Nelson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 705. 1901.
T^-PE locality: "Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Washington.''
Range: Washington, Oregon, Utah.
Specimens examined: Clallam County, Elmer 2417; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 350;
Olympic Mountains, Piper 2191.
Zonal distribution: Hudsonian.
18. Antennaria rosea Greene, Pittonia 3: 281. 1898.
Antennaria divica rosea. D. C. Eaton; S. Wats. Bot. King. 1N6. 1871, nonu nud.
Type locality: North Park, Colorado, collected by C. S. Sheldon.
Range: British Columbia to Alberta, Colorado, and California.
Specimens examined: Mount Rainier, Piper 2161; Mount Adams, Henderson 2288;
Goose Lake, Flett 1095; west Klickitat County, SuJcsdorf 2190; Ellensburg, Elmer 398;
Mountains north of Ellensburg, Whited 661; Sprague, Sandberg c& Leiberg 213; Loomis,
Elmer S72; Spangle, Pi/>e?', June 24, 1899; Spokane, i^eAwZen^o?*, 2286; Piper2273; Cheney,
Tucker, in 1890; without locality, Vasey 484, 487.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition.
18a. Antennaria rosea angustifolia (Rydberg) E. Nelson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23:
706. 1901.
Antennaria angustifolia Rydberg, Bull. Ton-. Clul) 26: 546. 1899.
Type locality: Yosemite Valley, California.
Range: Washington to California.
Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2192; Mount Baldy, Cunard 394.
19. Antennaria hendersoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Clul) 29: 221. 1902.
Type locality: Mount Adams, Washington, collected by Henderson.
Range: Wasiiington.
Speclmens examined: Mount Adams, Henderson 2290 July 3, 1892; Flett 1078.
20. Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 406. 1841.
Antennaria apru'a Gr-eene, Pittonia 3: 282. 1898.
Type locality: "On the Black Hills and plains of the upper part of the Platte." Col.
lected by Nuttall.
Range: Washington to Manitoba, south to New Mexico and Nebraska.
606 CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens examined: Yakima K('n, Brandegee 883 in part; Spokane, Piper 2297,
2298; Spokane, Kreager 174.
Zonal distuibution : Arid Transition
ANAPHALIS.
la. Anaphalis margaritacea occidentalis Greene, Fl. Fran. 399. 1897.
Type locality: Sand liills of the seaboard at k-ast from Middle California to Alaska.
Range: Alaska to California.
Specimens examined: Ca-scade Mountains, latitude 49°, LyaJl in 1859; Seattle, Piper;
Silverton, Bouck 103; Goose Lake, Flett 1096; Taeonia, Flett 129; Tieton River, Cotton
445; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Roslyn, Whited 467; along Twisp River, WMted
204; Lake Chelan, Lake cfc Hull 744; Bridge Creek, Elmer 634; without locality, Vasey
488; Mount Carlton, ^rea^er 223; Fish Lake, Dwrm, August, 1900; Atanum Soda Springs,
Watt, August, 1895.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
lb. Anaphalis margaritacea subalpina A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1-: 233. 1884.
Ty'pe locality: "Mountains of Colorado."
Range: Washington to Colorado.
Specimens examined: Snofiualmie Falls, Pi/*er 676; Feshnatm, Sajidberg li'. Leiberg 511;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1177' Stuart Island, Laurence 155.
GNAPHALITJM.
Bristles of the pappus united at base: involuere brownish 1.6'. -purpureurn.
Bristles of the pappus separated at base.
Plants low; flowers in dense leafy clusters; involucres very woolly.
Bracts white; plants loosely-woolly 2. G. palustre.
Bracts brownish; plants appressed-woolly 3. C uliginosum
Plants tall; flowers in looser, leafless clusters; involucres woolly
only at base.
Glandular; leaves green above 4. G. decurrens.
Not glandular; leaves white-woolly.
Involucre white; cymes loose 5. G. microcepJialum.
Involucre yellowish ; cymes dense G. G. chilense.
1. Gnaphalium purpureum L. Sp. PI. 2: 8.54. 1753.
Type locality: " In Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania."
Range: Throughout the most of the United States, Mexico, South America. -
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 3919; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma,
Flett 72; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf I8m.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
2. Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404. 1840.
Gnaphalium gossypinmn Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404. 1840.
Type locality: "Rocky Mountains, Oregon, California, and Chile."
Range: Washington to Wyoming, south to California and Arizona.
Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4014; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2Q70,
655, 653, 654, 2080; mouth of Columbia, Nuttall; Wenache, Whited 242; Ellensburg,
Whited 696, 496; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sand-
herg cfc Leiberg 284; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; Spokane, Henderson, July
9, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1583; Almota, Piper 2735; Mount Carlton, Kreager 177.
Zonal distribution: Transition and Upper Sonoran.
3. Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Sp. PI. 2: 856. 1753.
Type locality: European.
PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 607
Range: Britisli Columbia to Oregon. Asia. Euiopo.
Specimens examined: Whatcom County, 'S''/A"S(fo// 975; Fairhavon, fi/^er; west Klick-
itat County, Suksdorf 127, 656; Manor, Piper, July 10, 1899; Kalama, Piper, October 30,
1901.
Zonal distribution: Humid Tiiuisition.
4. Gnaphalium decurrens californicum (DC.) A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 341. 1876.
Gnaphaliiun calif ornicu in DC. Prod. 7: 224. 186.5-8.
Type locality: California.
Range: Washington and Idalio to California.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Li/dll in 1859; Falcon Valley,
Suksdoif 3S; Mount Adams, /<7(// 1067; Kittitas County, .S'a/w/6e/v/ tfc Leibert) 700; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.
Zonal distribution: Arid Transition and Canadian.
5. Gnaphalium microcephalum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404. 1S4().
Type locality: "St. Diego, I'pper California."
Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
Specimens examined: Port Ludlow, iy/;i.ft*\ACigust 15, 18*.HJ; Port Townscnd, /i'(/»v//(/s
33; Anacortcs, Henderson, July 5, 1892; Taconia, Flett 138; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen
223; Peshastin, »Sa7wZ&e/(/ cfc Leiften; 830; Leavenworth, Savage 25; Whited2A^; Tumwater
Canyon, Whited 1458; Spokane, Piper, August 28, 1898; Newport, Kreager 454.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
6. Gnaphalium. chilense Spreng. Syst. 3: 4.S0. 1826.
Gnaphalium spretu/lii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 150. 18138.
Gnaphalium luteo-albuni occideniale Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 403. 1841.
Type locality: California. There collected by Chami.sso, but the specimens erroneously
attributed to Chile.
Range: Washington to California and Texas.
Speci.mens examined: Seattle, Piper 1076; North Yakima, lFf;/^ August, 1895; Piper
178(3: Lake Chelan, Lake <& Hull 745; Pullman, Piper, October 5, 1897; Waitsburg,
Horner 412; Alma, Elmer 544; Toppenish, Cotton 777, Prosser, Cotton 896.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
ADENOCAULON.
1. Adenocaulon bicolor Hook. Bot Misc. 1: 19. t. 15 1830.
Type locality: "In sylvis densis apud Fretum de Fuca, atque prope Fort Vancouver
ad flumen Colunibiae, in ora occidental! Americac Septentrionalis " Collected by Scouler.
Range: British Columbia to California and east to Lake Superior.
Specimens examined: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Olympic
Mountains, Edwards in 1889; Silverton, Bouck 87; Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; upper Nis-
qually Valley, -iZZen 12; Pesha.stin, Sarw/ter (7 cfc Letter g 598; Stehekin, Whited 1400; Max-
field, Henderson, June 22, 1892, Skagit Pass, Lake cfc Hull 806; Railroad Creek, Elmer 859;
without locality, Vasey 490; without locality, Geyer 523; Mount Carlton, Kreager 214.
Zonal distribution: Humid Transition.
PSILOCARPHUS.
Heads covered with long loose woolly hairs.
Erect, 6 to 15 cm. high ; heads sparsely woollj' 1. P. elatior.
Dwarf; heads very woolly 2. P. hrevissimns.
Heads covered with short close wool.
Prostrate; leaves oblong or elliptic 3. P. tcmllus.
Ascending; leaves narrowly oblanceolate 4. P. oreganus.
608 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Psilocarphus elatior A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 1-: 448. 1886.
Psilocnrphus oreganus elatior A. Gray, Bot. Ciil. 1: 33(3. 1876.
Type locality: Portland, Oregon.
Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
.Specimens examined; Seattle, Piper 112.5; west Klickitat County, Siihsdoif 1573;
Manor, Piper 3079; Pullman, Piper, September 30, 1897; Blue Mountains, Horner 336;
Coulee City, Piper 3904; Vancouver, Piper 5024.
Zonal distribution: Transition.
2. Psilocarphus brevissimus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 340. 1840.
Tyi'E l, Ilnri'an of t^orestry, U. S.
Department of Aij;rieultnre. 1902.
Contains also a I st of the trees of Washington and Oregon.
Ayers, H. B. Washington Forest Reserve. Nineteenth Annual Report, U. S.
Geologieal Survey, pt. 5. 283-313. 1898.
Contains notes on the forest trees of the region.
Cooper, J. G. Report on the medical flora of Washington Territory. Transactions
American Medical Association 10:221-237. 18.57.
Catalogue of plants collected in Washington Territory. Pacific Railroad
Reports 12^:50-71. 1860.
Contains list of i)iants collected by Cooi)er, (iil)l)s, and Suckley, mostly identfied
by Gray or by Torrey.
The sylva of Montana. American Naturalist 3: 405-422. 1870.
Includes notes on Washington trees.
Cotton, John S. Three new plants from Washuigton. Bulletin Torrey Botanical
Club 29: 573. 1902.
Descrd)es fUtjcerin /"(ifolia, Astragnlun oh/mpicus, and Ortliocarpns barlxitm^.
A report on the range conditions of central Washington. Bulletin tiO, Wash-
ington Agricultural F^xperiment Station. 1904.
Contains economic references to many j)lants.
Cones, Elliott. Notes on Mr Thomas Meehan's paper on the Plants of Lewis and
Clark's Expedition acioss the continent, 1804-180H. Proceedings Academy
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1898:291-315. 1898.
History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark.
Contains references to many Washington plants, witii detaile«I notes on the more
important economic ones. The.se notes are all by Lews.
Dodvvell, Arthur, and Rixon, Theodore Olyin|MC Forest Reserve. Twenty-first
Annual Report, U. S. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 145-209. 1900.
Contains notes on forest trees.
Elmer, A. D. E. New Western plants. Botanical Gazette 36: 52-61 1903.
Includes eleven proposed new species from Washington.
.\n extension of range for Woodwardia radicaiis. Fern Bulletin 7: 9-10.
1899.
Flett, J. B. Some Washington ferns. Fern Bulletin 8: 40-41 1900.
Notes on some rare Washington ferns Fern Bulletin 10 24-25. 1902.
The fern flora of Washington Fern Bulletin 11: 79-85 1903.
Gannett, Henry Potest conditions and standing timber in Washington. Nine-
teenth Annual Report, U S Geological Survey pt 5. 26-42 1898
Has plates showing percentage c mposiiions oi forests in western Washington as
regards led fir, western hemiock, cedar and spruce.
615
616 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
(iannett, Henry. The forests of Washington. Professional Paper no. 5. series H.
Forestry 2. U. S. Geological Survey, 1902.
A detailed account of the merchantable timber in each county of the State and a
map showing relative density of stand.
Geyer, Charles H. Notes on the vegetation and general character of the Mis.souri
and Oregon Territories, made during botanical journey from the State of Mis-
souri across the south pass of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, during the
years 1843 and 1844. London Journal of Botany 4: 479-492, 653-662. 1845;
5: 22-41, 198-208, 285-310, 509-524. 1846.
Gorman, Martin W. Eastern part of Washington Forest Reserve. Nineteenth
Annual Report, U. S. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 315-350. 1890.
Refers to many plants, especially trees and shrubs.
Griffiths, David. Forage conditions and problems in eastern Washington, eastern
Oregon, northeastern California, and northwestern Nevada. Bulletin 38, J^ureau
of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1903.
Incidentally mentions a consideraVjle number of Washington plants.
Henderson, L. F. The Flora of the Olympics. Zoe 2: 253-295. 1891.
Gives list of species observed or collected in these mountains.
Holzinger, John M. Report on a collection of plants made by J. H. Sandl)erg and
assistants in northern Idaho in the year 1892. Contributions from U. S. National
Herbarium 3 : 205-287. 1895.
Mentions several Washington plants, mainly from Spokane and Kamiak Butte.
Hooker, J. D. Account of the botanical collections made by David Lyall, R. N.,
F. L. S., surgeon and naturalist to the North American Boundary. Journal of
the Linn;can Society 7:124-144. 1864.
Hooker, W. J. A brief memoir of the life of Mr. David Douglas with extracts from
his letters. Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2 : 79-182. 1836.
Contains many notes and references to northwestern plants by Douglas. This
paper is reprinted in volume 5 of the Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society.
Catalogue of Mr. Geyer's collection of plants gathered in the upper Missouri,
the Oregon Territory, and the intervening portion of the Rocky Mountains.
London Journal of Botany 6: 65-79, 206-256. 1847. Hooker's Journal of Botany
and Kew Garden Miscellany 3:287-300. 1851; 5:257-265. 1853; 7: .371-378.
1855, 8: 16-19. 1856.
and Arnott, G. A. Walker. The botany of Captain Beechey's voyage to the
Pacific and Bering Strait in the years 1825-1828. London, 18.30-41.
In the supi)lement are described numerous plants collected by Douglas and by
Tolmie The "Snake Country " specimens were gathered in the summer of 1837 by
a friend of Mr Tolmie, who conducted a party from Fort Vancouver on the Columbia
to the rendezvous of the American trai)pers in the interior of California, i. e.,
southern Idaho.
Howell, Thomas Catalogue ot the flora of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. 1884.
Contains a list of spermatophytes, pteridophytes, and mosses. A suiiplementary
list from Klickitat County. Wash., by W. N. Suksdorf, is atided.
Catalogue of the known plants (Phaenogamia and Pteridophyta) of Oregon,
Washington and Idaho. 1887.
Flora of Northwestern America. 1903.
Contains descriptions of all the plants reported from Oregon, Washington, and
Idaho. Incidentally many plants are stated to range into Washington, in case of
which there is no definite knowledge of such occurrence.
Leiberg, John B Two new plants from tfye northwest coast. Proceedings Biolog-
ical Society of Washington 11.39-41. 1897.
Describes Sambucus leiosperma and Delphinium nridescens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 617
Meehan, Thomas. The plants of Lewis and Clark's expeilition across the Conti-
nent, 1804-1806. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences, Pliihidclphia
1898:12-49. 1898.
A list of the Lewis and Clark plants in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences,
mostly identified by Robinson and Creenman.
Nuttall, Thomas. A catalogue of a collection of plants made cliiefly in the valleys
of the Rocky Mountains or Northern Andes, toward the sources of the Colum-
bia River, by Mr. Nathaniel B. Wyeth, and described by T. Nuttall. Read
February 18, 1834. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Piiiladcljiliia,
7:1-60. 1834.
"This collection was made wholly on the returning route of Mr. Wyeth from the
Falls of the Columbia to the first navigable waters of the Missouri."
Piper, C. V. New and noteworthy Washington plants. Botanical Gazette 22: 488-
491. 1896.
An undescribed black-cap raspberry. Frythea 5: 103. 1897.
Describes liulms liesperhu.
New species of Washington jilants. P>ythea 6:29-32. 1898.
A new violet from Washington. Frythea 6:69. 1898.
Describes Viola fettii.
New and noteworthy Northwestern plants. Frythea 7:99-104, 159-163,
171-174. 1899.
New and noteworthy Northwestern plants. Bulletin Toney Botanical Club
27:392-401. 1900; 28:39-45. 1901; 29:221-226, 642-646. 1902.
— The flora of Mount Rainier. Mazama 2:93-117. 1901.
A list of all the flowering plants known to occur on Mount Rainier.
and Beattie, R. K. The flora of the Palouse region. 1901.
Contains descriptions of all the flowering plants known to grow wild within 20
miles of Pullman, Wash.
Plummer, Fred G. Mount Rainier Forest Reserve. Twenty-first Annual Report,
U. S. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 81-144. 1900. .
Contain.? notes on the distribution of the native trees; also a list of shrubs.
Robinson, B. L. Two new plants from the Cascade Mountains. Botanical Gazette
16:43-44. 1891.
Describes and figures Luina piperi and Silrne .vdcsrlorjil.
Scribner, F. L. A list of grasses from Washington Territory. P.ullctin Torrey
Botanical Club 10:63-66, 77-78. 1879.
Suksdorf, Wilhelm N. Flora Washmgtonensis. A catalogue of the Phaenogamia
and Pteridophyta of the State of Washington. 1892. I^ibhshed by the author.
and Howell, Thomas. The flora of Mount Adams. Mazama 1:68-97. 1896.
A list of all the flowering plants known irom this peak.
Die Plectrideen. Deutsche Botanische Monatsschrift 15:116-118. 144-148.
1897. _
Washingtonische Pflanzen. Deutsche Botanische Monatsschrift 16:209-
212, 220-222. 1898, 18:26-27, 86-88, 97-99, 132-134, 153-156. 1900; 19:91-93.
1901.
Washingtonische Pflanzen 11 AUgemeine Botanisclie Zeitschrift 12:5-7,
26-27, 42, 43. 1906.
Two series of papers describing many new Washington plants
Zwei neue einjahrige Epilobium-Arten. West American Scientist 11:77-78.
1901.
Describes EpUobhuu (ipricnm and E. faftcirulaium.
618 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Suksdorf, Wilhelm N. Eine neue Brodiaea-Art. West American Scientist 14:1. 1902.
Describes Brodiaea bicolor.
Ueber einige Nemophila-Arten. West American Scientist 14: 22-23. 1903.
Describes Nemophila minutifora, M. reticulata, and M. erosa.
Neue Pflanzen aus Wasliington. West American Scientist 15:58-61. 1906.
Proposes new species and subspecies.
Torrey, John. Phanerogamia of Pacific North America. U. S. Exploring Expedi-
tion under the command of Chas. Wilkes, vol. 17, 1874.
One of the most important contributions to the knowledge of the Washington
flora. It is usually referred to as the Botany of the Wilkes Expedition.
Tweedy, Frank. Notes on the Coniferae of Washington Territory. Bulletin Tor-
rey Botanical Club 14: 47-48. 1883.
Wiegand, Karl M. Some rare Washington plants. Bulletin Torrey Botanical
Club 24: 343-344. 1897; 25:208-209. 1898.
Some new species from Washington. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 26:
135-137. 1899.
GEOGRAPHIC INDEX.
Locality. ('ounty.
Adams, Mount Yakiina
Ainsvvorth Franklin
Alkali Lake Donglas
Alki Point King
Alma Okanogan
Alniota Whitman
American Lake Pierce
Asliford Pierce
Asotin Asotin
Atanum River Yakima
Badger, Mount Douglas
Baker, Mount Whatcom
Baldy, Mount Peak in Kittitas
Baldy, Mount — Local name for Mount
Carlton
Baldy, Mount A peak in Chehalis
Beaver Creek Okanogan
Billingham Bay Whatcom
Bickleton Klickitat
Big Creek Prairie Chehalis
Big Meadows.. .Ten miles SW. of Box
Canyon
Bingen Klickitat
Bishops Bar Snake River, Whitman
Blue Lake Douglas
Blue Mountains... Columbia, (iarfield,
and Asotin
Bolles - Columbia
Boundary Stevens
Box Canyon Stevens, on Pend Oreille
River
Brewster Douglas
Bridge Creek Fork of Stehekin River,
Okanogan
Calispell Lake Stevens
Cape Horn... Post-office and high cliff
in Skamania
Carleton, Mount Spokane
Castle Rock Cowlitz
Chapaea, Mount Okanogan
Charleston Kitsap
Chattaroy Spokane
Chelan Chelan
Chelan Butte Douglas
Lciciility. County.
('helan Lake Chelan
Chenowith Skamania
Chewelah Stevens
Chi<]uash Mountains Skamania
Clarkston Asotin
Clarks Springs Near Spokane
Clallam, town and lake Kittitas
Cleman Mountain Yakiina
Clemens Mountain Same as Cleman
Cleveland Klickitat
Cold Creek Yakima
Colockum Creek Kittitas
Colton Whitman
Colville Stevens
Colville Reservation Okanogan and
Ferry
Conconully Okanogan
Condon's Ferry. . .On the Columbia, Lin-
coln
Connell Adams
Constance, Mount Jefferson
Constitution, Mount San Juan
Copolis Chehalis
Coppei Creek : Columbia
Coulee City Douglas
Cow Creek Adams
Crab Creek Lincoln
Craig's Ferry Yakima
Crater Lake Near Mount Rainier
Crescent Lake CMallam
Cushman Lake Mason
Davis Lake Stevens
Davis Ranch Foot of Mount Carlton,
Spokane
Dayton Columbia
Delight Adams
Douglas City Douglas
Duckabush River Jefferson
Easton Yakima
Eatonville Pierce
Egbert Springs. . .Near Trinidad, Douglas
Ellensburg Kittitas
Eltopia Franklin
Elwha River Clallam
619
620
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Locality. County.
Endicott Whitman
Entiat River Chelan
Enumclaw King
Ephrata Douglas
Eureka Walla Walla
Everett Snohomish
Everson Whatcom
Fairhaven Whatcom
Falcon Valley Western Klickitat
Fish Lake Kittitas
Fort Okanogan Okanogan
Fort Simcoe Yakima
Fort Vancouver Same as Vancouver
Fort Walla Walla Wallula
Frontier Ferry
Fourth Plain Clark
Garrison Whitman
Gate City Thurston
Glenwood Klickitat
Goldendale Klickitat
Granddalles Klickitat
Granville Chehalis
Grays Harbor Chehalis
Green River Hot Springs King
Goat Mountains Near Mount Rainier
Gulf of Georgia Northern part Puget
Sound, north of
San Juan
Guy Whitman
Hangman Creek Spokane
Harmony Lewis
Harrington Lincoln
Haven's Ranch Near Mount Adams,
Yakima
Hell Roaring River Western part
Yakima
Hoodsport Mason
Horseshoe Basin Suhali>ine Valley,
Chelan
Hoquiam Chehalis
Humptulips Chehalis
Hunt's Junction Walla Walla
Illia Garfield
Ilwaco Pacific
i(i:ie Stevens
Johnsons Canyon Yakima
Johns Island San Juan
Kahlotus Franklin
Kalama Cowlitz
Kalispel Lake Same as Calispell
Kamiak Butte Whitman
Keechelus Lake Kittitas
Locality. County.
Kellys Bar Whitman
Kennemick Yakima
Kettetas Valley Same as Kittitas
Kettle Falls Stevens
Kichelas Same as Keechelus
Kiona Yakima
Klickitat River Klickitat
Kittitas Valley- . .Yakima River, Kittitas
Laidlaw Chehalis
Lake Park Pierce
Lake view Pierce
Lebam Pacific
Lili waup Mason
Little Baldy 5 miles NE. of Spokane
Longmier S{)rings Pierce
Loomis Okanogan
Loon Lake Stevens
Lopez Island San^Juan
Lower Cascades Skamania
Lyle Klickitat
Ma])ton Yakima
Major Creek Klickitat
Manor Clark
Marcus Stevens
Marshall Junction Spokane
Mashel Lake and River Pierce
Max field
McAllister's Lake Thurston
Medical Lake Spokane
Menzics Island Now known as Hay-
dens Island, in Co-
lumbia River above
mouth of Willa-
mette
Meyers Falls Stevens
Mill Plain Clark
Monte Cristo Snohomish
Montesano Chehalis
Morgan's Ferry On Yakima River,
Yakima
Moses Lake Douglas
Moss Creek Klickitat (?)
Moxee Yakima
Muckleshoot King
Nahcotta Pacific
Nason City Chelan
Nisqually River... Boundary between
Pierce and Tliurs-
ton
New London Chehalis
Newport Stevens
North Yakima Y'akima
GEOGRAPHIC INDEX.
621
Locality. County.
Nooksack River Whatcom
Ocosta Chehalis
Olympia Thurston
Oinach Lake Okanogan
Ophir Okanogan
Opposite Clarkston. . .BUiffs of Snake
River, Wiiitnian
Opposite Umatilla Crimea, Klickitat
Opi)Osite Willows. . .PineCreek, Klickitat
Ori-as Island San J nan
Oyliut C'hehalis
Paddo, Mount Indian name for Mount
Adams
Palouse Whitman
Parker Yakima
Parrotts Lincoln
Pasco Franklin
Pataha ( iarfield
Peone Spokane
Perkins Creek Yakima
Peshastin Chelan
Pine City Whitman
Pomeroy Garfielt 1
Port Angelus Clallam
Port Crescent Clallam
Port Discovery Jefferson
Port Ludlow Jefferson
Prosser Yakima
Pullman Whitman
Puyalluj) Pierce
Quinanlt Chehalis
Quillayute Clallam
Rainbow Falls Chelan
Rainier Thurston
Rainier, Mount Pierce ami Lewis
Rattlesnake Mountains Yakima
Renton King
Republic Ferry
Ritzville Adanjs
Rock Creek Whitman
Rockford Spokane
Rock Lake Whitman
Rockland Klickitat
Roslyn Kittitas
Roy Pierce
Salmon River Blue Mountains,
Columbia
Samish Lake Skagit
San Juan Island San Juan
Satus Yakima
Scott Klickitat
Sentinel Bluffs Kittitas
Locality. " County.
Shoal water Bay Pacific
Silver Lake Spokane
Silverton Snohomish
Simcoe Mountains Yakima
Skagit Pass Summit Cascade Moun-
tains, head of Skagit
River
Skokomish Yalley Between LakeCush-
man and Hood's
Canal
Snipes Mountain Yakima
Snoqualmie Falls King
South Arbor Chehalis
South bend Pacific
Spanaway Lake Pierce
Spangle Spokane
S{)rague Lincoln
Squaw Creek Yakima
Stampede Pass. . .That in Ca.scade Moun-
tains crossed l)y N. P.
R. R.
Starlnick Columbia
Steamboat Rock High rock in Grand
Coulee, 15 miles N.
of Coulee City
Steele, Mount Peak 7,500 feet, near
head of Skokomish
River, Mason
Stehekin Town and river, head of
Lake Chelan, Chelan
Steilacoom Pierce
St. Johns Whitman
Steptoe Whitman
Stevens Pass In Cascade Mountains,
crossed byG. N. R. R.
Stuart, Mount Kittitas
Simnyside Yakima
Sutherland Lake Clallam
Tampico Yakima
Thorn Creek Whitman
Tieton River Yakima
Toppenish Yakima
Trout Lake Skamania
Tukanon River Columbia
Tumtum, Mount Clarke
Tumtum, Mount Near Mount Rainier
Tum water Canyon.. .On Wenache River,
below Leavenworth
Twisp River Okanogan
Union City Mason
Union Flat Whitman
Union Lake King
622
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARI'^tm.
Locality. County.
Umtanum Kittitas
Upper Cascades Skamania
Upper Naches River. . . Branch of Yakima
River, Yakima
Usk Stevens
Vancouver Clarke
Waitsburg Columbia
Walla Walla Wallawalla
Wall ula AVallawalla
Washington Lake King
Washtucna Adams
Waterville Douglas
Waverly Spokane
Wawawai Whitman
Wenas Tow n and river in Y^akima
^^'enas Greek A branch of the Y'akima
River iu Yakima
Locality. County.
AVenache Mountains.. Ridge of mountains
forming diviles 26-28
Clintonia 199
Cloudiness, Weather Bureau statistics 29
Clover .- 3M-iG3
alsike 361
bur 363
rabbit-l'oot 361
red 361
sweet 358
white 361
Clubmoss 86
Cnicus 608
Coastal Plain, physiograpliy and geology . . 20
vegetation 46-47
Cockle 256
cow 256
Cocklebur 550
Coelopleurum 430
gmelini 47
Coldenia 474
Collinsia 495
CoUoniia 464-465
Columbia Basin flora 38, 40, 52
Columbia gorge, botanical features, etc . . . . 67
Columbia Plains, physiographic and geo-
logic features 24
Columbine 278
Coleanthus 114
Coleosanthus 556
Comandra 223
Comarum 341
Compositae. {See Cichoriaceae, Ambrosia-
ceae, and Asteraceae.)
Conanthus 472
Conard, II. C, liotanical work 19
Cone flower , 579
Conijtrae. {Sff Taxaceae and Pinaceae.)
Conioselinum ' 419
fjschen 47
Convallariaceae 198-202
Convolvulaceae 454
Convolvulus 454
Cooper, J G., plant collection ... 17
Coptis 278
occidentaiis 71
Coral root 206
Corallorhiza 206
lemibachiana 613
muiti flora sulphurea 613
Coreopsis 579
Coi ispermum 241
Corn flower 608
Comaceae 431
Cornel, dwarf 58
vi'estern 42
Cornus .' 431
canadensis 47, 57, 58
occidentaiis 42
Corydalis 284
Corylus 218
Cotton, John S.. botanic;il work 19
Cotton-grass 46, 158
Cottonwood 42, 49, 217 ^^
Cotula •. 586 ---
Coville, Frederick V 6
Cow cockle 256
parsnip ^^'3
Oregon ash 42 , 449
early extent 10
grape 41,282
Historical Society, botanical pulilica-
tions and notes 12,13
' ' mists " 29
Upper, use of name 10
Oreocarya 481
Orobanchaceae 521-523
Orobanche 522
Orogenia 430
Orthocarpus . . . .' 510-518
rarior 614
Oryzeae 102
Oryzopsis 109
Osier, red 431
Osmaronia 348
OsmorMza 416
O.xalidaceae 380
O.xalis 380
Oxycoccus 444
oxj'coccus intermedins 46
Oxyria 224
Oxytheca 239
Oxytropis 367
Oyster plant 539
Pachistima 384
myrsinites 58
Pachylophus 408
Pacific area, character 35
Paeonia 278
Painted cup 62
Paniceae 102
Panicularia 139-140
Panicum 105
Papaver 283
Papaveraceao 283-285
Parietaria 221
Parnassia 322
Parrya 291
Parsley, water 427
Parsnip, cow 417
Paspalum 104
Pea 375-378
Pear, prickly 396
Pectocarya 482
Podicularis 511-512
bractcosa 57
racemosa 57
Pellaea "8
Penny cress 305
Pentacaena 264
ramosissima 47
Pentstemon 497-503
pinetorum 71
Pepper grass , 304
Peramiuni 208
Perennial ryegrass 1 46
Petalostemum 350
PctasitFs.. • 593
f eiu edanum 420
Page.
Phaca 367-374
hookeriana 66
Phacelia 470-472
Phalarideae 102
Phalaris 106
Phegopteris 77
Philadelphia code observed ?
Philadelphus 327
Philotria 101
Phleum Ill
Phlox ':56-459
family --56-467
Phragmites 125
Phyllodoce 439
empetriformis 02
Phyllospadix 100
Physaiis 519
Physaria 306
alpestris 613
Physiography, districts 20-26
Physiography, Pacific northwest 10
Physostegia 490
Picea 95
engelmanni 58
sitchensis 41
I'ickering, Charles, explorations in Wash-
ington 15
Pigweed 244
Pinaceae 89-95
Pine. l)laek 42
bull 92
family 89-95
lodgepole ._. 92
shore 92
sugar, discovery by Douglas 13
western white 91
white-bark 60. 91
yellow 92
forests 50
Pinguicula 523
Pinguiculaceac 523
Pink family 252-264
Pinus 91
contorta 43 , 46, 47, 58
monticola, predominance 58
ponderosa, preponderance, etc 50
Piper, C. v., study of Washington plants . . 5
Piperia . . .- 208
transversa 613
Piptocalyx 481
Piscaria 382
Plagiobothrys 482
Plantaginaceae 523-525
Plantago 523
Plantain - . 523
family 523
rattlesnake 208
water 100
Plants, species confined to Wasliinpton, . .. 73-74
species likely to be found m Washington, 75
Platyspermum 286
seapigerum 44
Platystigma 284
Plectntis..: 533
congesta alba 614
Pleuncospoia 436
I'leuropogon 128
INDEX.
633
Page
Plum, Indian 348
Plumbaginaceae 449
Poa. i:S-135
arctica 62
sandbergi i 48
Poaceae 1 )2- 154
Poison ivy 384
oak 384
Polenioniaceae ■; 56-407
Polenionium •:66-467
elegans 63
micranthum 44
Pol ygonaceae •?24-239
Polygonum 226-232
Polypodiaceae 76-82
Polypodium 76
Polypody, leather-leaf 77
licorice 77
Polypogon Ill
Polystichum 80
munitum, distribution 41
Pondweed 96
family 178
Pontederiaceae 178
Poppy family 283-285
Populus 217
tremuloides 49
trichocarpa 42, 49,57
Portulaca 245
Portulacaceae 245-251
Potamogeton 96
Potamogelonaceae 96-9.8
PotentlUa 3.36-339
flabellif olia 62
Prairies, bunchgrass, vegetation 48
Precipitation. Weather Bureau tables 27-28
Prickly pear 396
Primrose, evening 407
family 444-448
Prinuilaceae 444-44S
Prosartes 201
Prunella 489
Prunus 348
Pseudotsuga 94
mucronata 41. .50
Psdocarphus 607
Psoralea 363
Pteridium 41, 78
Pterls 78
Pterospora 435
andiomedea 57
Pterostegia T 232
Pteryxia 429
>js Ptilocalais
lA Ptiionella
-tv-W » Pliloria
J Puccinellia
Pnget Sound Basin physiography and geol-
.578
539
141
OC V
Puget Sound Wilkes expedition ...
Pulsatilla * . . .
21
15
268
occidentahs
62
Pursh description ol Lewis and
plants
Clark
. . 11
245
Purslane
. . . 245
family
... 245-251
Page.
Pyrola 433-435
family ^32-435
Pyrolaceae 4.'^.2-435
Pyrrocoma 5.59
Pyrus 347
diversifolia. distribution 42
Quack grass 149
Quamash Flats, botanical specimens 11
Quamasia 190
' azurea 613
Quercus 220
garryana 42
Quilhvort 88
Rabbit brush 36, 5.58
Rabbit-foot clover .361
Radish 307
Ragweed 551
family 550-552
Rainfall, Weather Bureau tables 27-2S
Rainier, Mount, botanical collection 19
Rainiera 594
Ramm, Charles A., botanical collection .... 18
Ramona 488
Ranunculaceae 26.5-282
Ranunculus 270-277
occidentahs laevicaulis 613
suksdorfii 62
Raphanus .307
Rapuntium 537
Rattlesnake plantain 208
Razoumofskya 222
Red alder 42, 219
fescue 137
fir 41,5(1,58,94
raspberry .334
Redtop 119
Reed 125
bur 95
canary grass 106
Rhamnaceae 3.86-388
Rhamnus 3.86
Rhinanthus 511
Rhodiola 308
Rhododendron 440
albiflorum 60
Rhus 383
Rhynchospora 161
Ribes 323-327
biacteosum 42
howelhi 60
inerme 49
irriguum 49
la.xiflorum 47
sanguineum 42
Ricker P. L 6
Rigiopappus 583
Rimrock de.lnition and flora 49
Robinson B. L 6
Rock cress 291-295
Rock-iose 49,246
Rocky Mountain plants in .\rid Transition . 52
Rocky Mountani juniper 90
Rocky Mountains plant species 72
Roinanzoffia 468
Roripa 296-298
Rosa 334
634
INDEX.
Page.
Rosa gymnocarpa '. 50
nutkana 49
pisocarpa -19
Rosaceae 328-34.5
Rose 334
Rose family 49, 328-345
rock 246
Rotala 398
Rough meadow grass 131
Rubiaceae 525-527
Rubus 332-334
' macropetalus 41
nivalis 58
parviflorus 41, 51
spectabilis 42, 47
Rudbeckia 579
Rue, meadow 268
Ruhn, Doctor, botanical work 19
Rumex 224-226
Ruppia 99
maritima 44
Rush 178-184
family .178-186
scouring 85
wood 184-186
Russian thistle 240
Rye grass l.iO-1.52
perennial 146
Sage, hop 241
white 588
Sagebrush 35, .36, 49, .586-.i90
common 589
scabland 5S9
Sagina 259
Sagittaria 101
Salal ) 41, 47, 441
Salicaceae 211-217
Salicornia 240
ambigua 45
Salix 211-217
niyrtilloides 46
scouleriana 41
Salmon berry 42, 47, 333
Salsify 539
Salsofa 240
Salt grass 45, 135
Salt marshes, vegetation 45
Salviniaceae 84
Sambucus 530
callicarpa 42
Sandalwood family 223
Sandberg and Leiberg, botanical work in
AVashington 19
Sanguisorba 335
Sanicula 414
tripartita 613
Santalaceae 223
Saponana 256
Sarcobatus 239
vermiculatus 36
Saussurea 611
Savastana 106
Saxifraga 312-317
bracteosa leptopetala 613
micropetala 613
fragosa leucandra 613
Saxlf raga paddoensis 613
tolmiei 62, 66
Saxifragaceae 310-323
Saxifrage 312-317
family 62, 310-323
Scablands 48
Scheuchzeria 100
palustris 46
Scheuchzeriaceae 100
Schizonotus 330
Schoenocrambe 303
Scirpus 156-158
Scorzonella 540
Scouler, botanical work in Washington 13
Seouler willow 41, 42
Scouring rush 85
Scribneria 1 46
Scrophularia 495
Scrophulariaceae 494-519
Scutellaria 488
angustifolia 44
Seashores, vegetation 45-46
Sedge 161-177
family 154-177
Sedum 308
Selaginella 87
Selaginellaceae 87
Senecio -595-601
Sericocarpus 569
Serviceberry 49, 345
Setaria 106
Sheep sorrel 225
Shepherdia 397
Shepherd's purse 303
Shooting star 62, 445-446
Shore pine 92
Shrubs, Canadian zone 59
Humid Transition 54,55,56
Upper Sonoran 39
.Sibbaldia 340
Sida 389
Sidalcea 388
Sierras, northern, flora 70
Sieversia 344
cilia ta 44
Silenaceae 252-264
Silene 252-255
Silybum 609
Sisymbrium 301-302
Sisyrinchium 203
Sitanion 153-154
Sitka spruce 41, 46, 95
Slum 430
Skullcap 488
Skunk cabbage I"''
Skunk -weed - ■ 463
Smelowskia 300
Smilacina 199, 200, 202
Smith, Ernest C, botanical work in Wash-
ington 18
Smooth wild oat < 123
"Snappets" 222
Snowberry 49
Solanaceae 519-.521
Solanum 520
Solidago 561-.563
Sonchus 549
INDEX.
635
Page.
Sonoran, Upper. (See Upper Sonoran.)
Sorrel, mountain 224
sheep 225
Sow thistle 549
Spalding, Henry, botanical collection 16
Sparganiaceae 95
Sparganium 95
Spartina 145
Spearmint 492
Species, admission to present flora 5
limitation, author's position 9
Specularia 536
.Speedwell 505-506
Spergula 263
SpergulartG 263
Sphaeralcea 389
Sphaerostigma 405-406
Sphagnum bogs, vegetation 46
Spike rush 1.59-160
Spiraea 3.30
Spirantlies 211
Spirodela 177
Spleen wort SO
Sporobolus 112-113
Spraguea 251
umbellata 63
Spruce, Douglas 94
Engelmann 58, 95
Sitka 41, 46, 95
Spurred' 263
Squirrel tail 149
St. .lohnswort 390
family 390
Stachys 490
Stafftree family 38-1
Star flower 447
Statice 449
Steironema 448
ciliatum occidentale 614
Slellaria 257
Stenanthium 197
Stenotus 560
Steptoe, definition of term 26
Steptoe Butte, description 26
Sticky laurel 51
Stipa 107-109
Stonecrop 308
family 308-310
Strawberry 340
Streptanthus 296
Streptopiis 201
Strut hiopteris 79
Suaeda 240
Subularia 303
Sugar bowls '. 266
Sugar pine, discovery by Douglas 13
Suksdorf, "W.N 6
botanical work in Washington IS
Sumac 383
Sundew 46, 307
family 307
Sunflower 48, 582
black 49
Sunshine. Weather Bureau, statistics 29
Sweet gale 46, 217
family 217
Sweet vernal grass 106
Page.
Sy mphoricarpos 528
racemosus 49
Syntherisma 104
Synthyris 504
pinnatiflda tomentosa 66
reniformis 67
Sy ringa 327
Talinum 247
Tall meadow oatgrass 121
Tanacetum 586
Tansy, garden 586
Taraxacum 545
Taraxia 405
Tarweed 575-577
Taxaceae 89
Taxus 89
Tea, Labrador 441
Teasel 535
Tellinia 317
Temperature, eastern Washington 31
western Washington 30
Tetradymia 590
Teucrium 487
Thalesia 521
Thalictrum 268
Thelypodium 298
Thermopsis 349
montana 66
Therofon 311
majus interniodiiim 66
Thimble berry 41, 51,333
Thistle 609-611
blessed 608
bull 609-611
Canada 609
m ilk 609
Russian 240
sow 549
Thlaspi 305
Thornapple 346
Thrift 449
Thuja 91
plicata 71
Thysanoearpus 306
Tiarella 317
Tillaeastrum 308
Timber, distributional peculiarities 35
Timothy Ill
Tissa 263
Tobacco root 532
Tofleldia 196
Tolmie, botanical work in Washington 14
Tonella 496
Townsendia 563
Toxicodendron 384
Tragopogon 539
Transition floras, arid and humid com-
pared 53-58
Trautvetteria 269
Trees, Canadian zone 59
distributional peculiarities 35
humid transition, comparisons 53,54,55
Upper Sonoran, list 38-39
Trefoil, yellow 363
Trichostema 487
Trientalis 447
63(3
INDEX.
yi
Page.
Trifolium 358-363
Triglocliin 100
maritimum 45
Trillium 199
petiolatum 49
Trisetum .•. . 124
Triticum 149
Trollius 277
Troximon - 542
Tsiiga 94
niertensiana GO
Tucker, Susan. }>otanical work in Washing-
ton 18
TumlMcweed 244
Tumbling mustard 303
Turnip 301
Turtlehead 503
Tweedy. Frank 18
Typlia 95
Typhaceae 95
r lex 358
rimaceae 221
Unifolium 200
Uplands, vegetation, etc 42
I'pper Sonoran life area .'i5-40
altitudinal limits 36
temperature data 31
Upper Sonoran flora, origin 37-40
species 38-39
Uropappus ^ 539
Urtica 221
Urticaceae 221
Utricularia 523
\"accaria 256
Vacciniaceae 442-444
Vaccinium 442-444
cespitosum 49
macroplnilum 57
ovalifolium 58
ovatnm 47
parvi folium 47
Vagnera 199
^'alerian family 5.32-535
Yaleriana ,532
"\"alerianaceae ,532-535
Valerianella .53.3-535
Vallisneriaceae 101
Vancouver, Fort, botanical collections 16
Vancouver Strip, application of name 40
comparison of flora 53, 54
Vancouveria 2S3
Vanilla grass 106
leaf 283
Vasey, George R.. botanical work in V>'ash-
ington 18
\elvet grass 121
\ enus's looking-glass 5.36
\ eratrum 196
V erbascum 494
\ erbena 519
family 519
^ erbenaceae 519
Veronica 505-506
Page.
Vetch ' 374
common 375
milk 367-374
^"iburnum 531
Vicia . .' 374
washingtonensis 613
Vilfa : 112
Viola 391-,395
glabella 47
langsdorfii 47
Violaceae ,391-395
Violet 391-395
f.imily .301-395
Vkckia 489
Wall barley 149
Wake-robin 198
Wapato 101
Washington Forest Reserve, bot^mical col-
lection 19
Washingtonia 416
Water cress 296
crowfoot 270
hemlock 426
milfoil family 411-412
parsley 427
plantain 100
starwort family 382
Waterleaf 468
family 467-472
Watcrlily family 264
Watershield 264
Waterweed 101
Waterwort family 391
Watson, Sereno, botanical work in Wash-
ington 19
Waxbcrry 528
Wenache Mountains and Mount Stuart,
liotanical features, etc 68
Western hemlock 94
la rch ,'.S, 93
white pine 91
yew 89
Wheat bunchgrass 146
grass l-;6-149
Wheeler, C. F 6
Whipplea 327
White fir -12, 58, 94
White pine, western 58
White-bark pine 91
Whited, Kirk 6
botanical work 19
Wight, W. F 6
AVilkes, Commodore, northwest expedition. 15
Wilkes Expedition, lack of specimens 5
Willow 46, 49, 211-217
family 211-217
herb 399-405
Scouler 41, 42
Winds, Chinook, etc 32
Winter fat 241
Witches-brooms 222
Wokas 264
'\^■ood fern 81
rush 184-186
INDEX.
637
A
Page.
Woodsia S2
Woodwardirt 79
Woolly larch 92
Wormwood 586-590
Wyeth, collection of plants on Flathead
River 14
Wyethia 581
Xanthium 550
Xerophvllt-ini 197
tenax CO
Yellow ceda r 91
Page.
Yellow dock 225
Yellow pine 92
forests .ji>51, 53
Yerba buena 493
Yew family 89
western 89
Zannichellia 99
Zizia 427
Zonal distribution of plants in \\'ashington. 33-65
Zones, lite, North American, scheme 34
Zostera 99
Z vgadenus 197
o
New York Botanical Garden Library
3 5185 00242 6557
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