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GIANT CEDARS (THUJA PLICATA).

In moist land near Elbe. Shield ferns (Polystichum munitum) in the foreground and hemlocks
(Tsuga heterophylla) in the background. Reproduced by courtesy of the Forest Service.

FLORA OF WASHINGTON,

ADVERTISEMENT. eee

The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by
the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the
Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that
Department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports
entitled “ Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium,” begun
in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the National Museum, in pur-
suance of an act of Congress, assumed responsibility for the publi-
cation. The first seven volumes of the series were issued by the
Department of Agriculture.

Ricuarp Rarusun,
Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM

VOLUME XI)

PLORA) OF VTHE STATE OF
WASHINGTON

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1906

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PREFACE.

The following account of the flora of the State of Washington, by
Prof. C. V. Piper, is based on his study of the plants of that State
during a period of twenty years. This work was carried on in chance
hours of leisure and in occasional summer vacations. During most
of the college year 1899-1900, however, Professor Piper was at the
Gray Herbarium looking up critical material and examining the
specimens of older collectors, especially those upon which publications
had been based. Considerable time was devoted also to other large
herbaria, particularly those of the United States National Museum,
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the
New York Botanical Garden. The private herbaria of Prof. L. F.

- Henderson, of Mr. Thomas Howell, and of Mr. W. N. Suksdorf were

likewise freely consulted.

Most of the types of the new species published by Professor Piper
in the present work-and in earlier papers are in the United States
National Herbarium, and a large part of the whole material on which
this flora is based is also represented there.

In the course of his work Professor Piper examined specimens of
nearly all the collections made within the confines of the State of
Washington, so far as these are to be found in American herbaria.
Thus it was possible to ascertain the identity of nearly all the species
which had. been accredited to the State through erroneous determi-
nation. Unfortunately several of the specimens upon which the
names in published lists were based are not now to be found in
the herbaria in which they might be expected. This is true particu-
larly of Cooper’s plants and in less degree of those of the Wilkes
Expedition, so that the identity of such plants can only be surmised.
In publications on the collections of Menzies, Douglas, Scouler, and
Tolmie there are many plant names that can be definitely rectified
only by examining the original specimens. It is quite certain also

that the current interpretation of a number of species based on these

early collections is erroneous. Their correction will require an exam-
ination of the types, which are in European herbaria.
With few exceptions no species has been admitted into this flora
unless its author has actually studied Washington specimens.
In the course of the preparation of this work Professor Piper be-
came indebted to many botanists for assistance. He states that he
- 5

6 PREFACE.

is under especial obligations to Prof. B. L. Robinson, of the Gray
Herbarium, for kindly counsel, as well as for much aid in the genus
Lupinus; to Mr. Frederick V. Coville, of the National Herbarium,
for his continuous helpful advice; to Dr. N. L. Britton, of the
New York Botanical Garden, Mr. Stewardson Brown, of the Acad-
emy of Sciences of Philadelphia, and Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, of the

Field Columbian Museum, for the privileges of consulting the her- —

baria of which they have charge; to Mr. M. L. Fernald, of the Gray
Herbarium, for technical assistance in various genera; to Dr. J. M.
Greenman, of the Field Columbian Museum, for aid in Senecio; to
Mr. A. A. Eaton, for a key to the species of Isoetes; to Mr. P. L.
Ricker and Mr. W. F. Wight, of the Department of Agriculture,
for assistance in bibliography; to Dr. Theodor Holm and Prof. C. F.
Wheeler for aid in the genus Carex.

Thanks are extended to the many persons who have favored Pro-
fessor Piper with their collections of Washington plants, especially
Mr. Kirk Whited, of Wenache, Washington; Prof. R. M. Horner, of
Waitsburg, Washington; Prof. J. B. Flett, of Tacoma, Washington,
and Mr. M. W. Gorman, of Portland, Oregon.

For the privilege of examining their private herbaria Professor
Piper is indebted to Mr. Thomas Howell, of Milwaukee, Oregon; to
Mr. W. N. Suksdorf, of Bingen, Washington, and to Prof. L. F. Hen-
derson, of Moscow, Idaho.

Frepertck V. CovILie,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.

se

——

Se es

CAPRIEN. TS:

Page.
NR TNERI ET ite Nee Oe See) ok ee Se Ss dace 9
Peed tenicn explorers Of Washington. --..-- 225.225 --+.22---+-+-2 5+. ---- 10
PEMA GTIG VOR en omen a ed oO en. wy no Pe eas Sole etl. 11
GT ee cee ien ns et eee. 35 ots ee ees pa tapes tee 11
INR eet eras I ee Sn, gas ae puneer eee een mes aes 4p 12
MBCOMT Deere aie < See nad) et ie a ee ee ca on 13
CHOU UTES ae Le SISA 2p nS abla eae a 8 A a ee Bl YM el 14
APIO ete ee re ee re A eee oe Ste oon eee Le Bey aoe set 14
PUR Cathe ae SE OES FL Oe te ao a bn Sn wh bw he co Sap HES 14
Bett feat ion Ge phere = rae Ba Se std oS oe Ses eng ek 14
Ce SE Tee SU BE CTS Th ag cs no eae 15
Geyer ____. A EE eS ee ee ES 16
Spalding Sait LP BOE I ees Soh AE a pte BS SCI a aa eR I 16
Oy as Benes Ste Es GR 2 Nh 2 Se CSU eee OC Te Sane ae een eae eee 16
REE REAN Ea Ae CN ty. She Pie cs SS Wwe Sawer ence sea bees 17
SRR ese a SO, boa ee pie oe eet SE Ae x in gales Goods deen 17
LICCTOL A SINCOg SO0\.6 2) a ete eee times Peri an tao aee as os cS aseeeuee 17
RV OD PNEMLY ONG PCOIORY.. a). lied poatene ie ack ana co lgceee- el oases sens 20
ere ears COMEUL FGI o> Seta sag Gh wo ca ew icde faaeves sastenss oie 20
Tha Olym: ic Mou: tains... ... 2: .22.-2-..- De hate sate Se ae tees 21
Ree Emme BOUNG BBS <2... ws 5- a2t< St atiense aes s Sole wih. edsn--e bene 21
PAO COARC AGS) MOU bpING eS _ ces Nore ett Poe eo tas ae oon eee 22
ane kanovan Highiangs 2. 205... acd see oode Foc oe la ae ends oven ee 24
The Columbia Plains. _...........-.--.---. Pi eee RE, EE Se PS 24
EIST G IOUT GING...» ssa. otes Oe ha ee oe Bee eae ie Le ee 26
RBIS Pat ie ret A RN ee Wise eho Ate ok he ee 26
PROM NCORIONE Sette ee ae SOARES) SS Aet ee eA pa ae ceed . 26
DIS nTAG ANG GLOUGIE GSES chon an te ee Sot math wane ae Oey 29
Oe a Sa RSE a 20 Tr -} Pn a aA a a 30
Merona We oimtinetiit es... hehe se G8 ean cee wo seer 30
Otis Wann MIs oe fe a 5 ol oa deat nn tbe ssun su -ceteteass 31
Winds __.. Fae a Oy Ae Fee Rae NE re on a ers. dra ood 32
The Zonal distribution of Washington plants -_._.-_.---..---------------- 33
Ripper MOmnraa tie Beis es oo. 8. Rae IN carpet ced ned oes * 86
Origin Of tne. oper Sonoran, flota . 2252.0) bso ec mee nnoe ope dae ns oe 37
ERAT J BTTIOM ATO. Shae: oe 2c. 5 tee no obs We ons Meee Sew alee a eee 40
; REMI cepa tari). ha ee ant ee Siro sud aS sic Seana ends Satan ee 41
PRD DERE LT SL STIRS Ne 25 one hl ns ae ce ng eee en hh atl thd wis Bas 42
SLAY DERATIOS PRS oon col ee ad ba pre n weWe ee tnd a-2ehS Howe een 42
BROAN HOY OS ook Oe bs. i 3 See eS ee i Sie Sp Sener 45
DEMME SIG. Whe, Ck «sil eae eaten thi pnbace ane Sena Sec oee 46
Ee CRBSUAL HITED foots hove stolen o - SeWae od ek a SR APR ee 46
POTIGe UPANSILIOM ALCS _ . 2.214 eho a ee eS ee oe ON ee dees teceess 47
ne UDC URSMAS PRINS tof Sais a8 tee. 8a Sag eos bw Sane ace t- 48
SENOSVOLOW. Meine LORCSLS 20s. ot Sra dn Gee be eit Se cceoe ew cee ess 50

7

=

8 CONTENTS.

The Zonal distribution of Washington plants— Continued. Page.
Origin of the Arid Transition flora -._._........-.-.---.----- eee 51
The Cahitortiian elemeit 208-2 Se ose Sse as 2S ee ss 1 RE 51
The Rocky. Mountain element... ..<...2.2---2-6 2. 2+ 302. s 52
The Cotumabis Basin wlemenG. 22202 bo oes Cre h lash cee Secon 52
Comparison of the Humid and Arid Transition floras. EO eS EE 53
The Canadian zone --.- -- a Oy Be cd cae RSS Ban ate ee rg bi cae 58
THe Se UesOnIBN BONO ek oe rick Senna aden ae Ree Dd beri te ae 60
TERAG SPOS BOW = SS Se Fare os Ps he ade be a moan wea Ow oe 62
Regions of peculiar botanical interest .__.......--..---------.-5-.----4-.- 65
The Olympic Mountains.--.--.---.-.---.+--.--.- oi. 66s pad anomen eee ae 65
Phe Columbia Gorgeq <2 25. 52122 Sie ssa tan st Pe ooes she eae aren 67
Kiickitat Oonnty <2 202 sfe2525 oe cen Pee ay Sas ae a ee ee 68
Mount Stuart and the Wenache Mountains --_-__. ..-...-.-----. ------ 68
ihe: Blue Mountain 332 oe 8 ces ae Woh de een pee ee eee 7
Plants known to occur only in Washington___.__....-..-.---.2.-.-------- 73
Plants which probably will be found to occur in Washington -..-.....---- 75
Annotated catalogue of the species of vascular plants of Washington. -_._- 76
AGGONdK '. = cided dhasches cokantarddacic 4 cui paeaecmyegae een ... 618
Bibliography ~ 2yac occtes ees oe ewes o Seat en kes ine dace eee at oe ae 615
Geographic index... 2 sues. 24. a. S. o es os = aaian debe ane Gnginne ie meee Mime 619

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATES.
Facing page.
Puate I. Giant cedars (Thuja plicata) -..... 2-22-2120 024--.2-2000: eerie
Il. Topographic map of Washington __._ ~_ ...--- sae tee 20
III. Characteristic vegetation of the bluffs along Puget Sound. Se ae 21
IV. Steamboat Rock, in the Grand oulee _...--..-.-.-----2 2-2... 25
V... Rainfall map of Washington). oo see o eS ee eee 28
VI. Sagebrush plains in Yakima County ...... -....------------...-- 36
VII. Forest of red fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata) in Washington - -- ---- 41
VIII. Characteristic view in a moist forest . ---.-. ....--.----------2-. 41
IX. Pasture-like gravelly prairies of Pierce County Fo ao wedi eee 42
X. Lupinus rivularis on the gravelly prairies in Pierce County -.-- 43
XI. Prairie of bunchgrass (Agropyron spicatum) on the Horse
Heaven Hills; Klickitat: Comntyso. 3. = ..- 5.225225. 5255 ea 48
XII. Range lands near White Stone Lake, Oxanogan County - ......-- 48
XIII. View in a coulee near Lyons Ferry ---.--..--------------------: 49
XIV. Forest of yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) ___..:---.-----.-------- 50
XV. Forest of yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) -....-.--.-.------------ 50
XVI. Forest of hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) - 3 ethene ss 58
XVII. Subalpine firs (Abies lasiocarpa) in Paradise ‘Valley, “Mount
RENIN see Foe ch: eee le Oe ae ie See + sae tee eee 60
XVIII. Vegetation of the Gorge of the Columbia River--..--..--. Ont
XIX. Bunchgrass (Agropyron spicatum) growing on basalt outcrop-
EG ae ge eee oa > aE Ce Sees. sp bps oo oboe 146
XX. White hellebore (Veratrum californicum) ....-.---------------- 196
EXE ris wlsseurienee: os. ool. coe oe oe. ne ho eee ee 202
XXII. Lupinus ornatus in low meadows near Wenas -.---------.------ 355
MAP.

Map showing the floral areas of the State of Washington -_.-_--...-.. In pocket

FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.

INTRODUCTION.

The principal aim of the author in this work is to present a sum-
mary of our present knowledge of the vascular plants of Washington
and to call attention to the more important problems, both taxonomic
and ecological, which have become disclosed.

‘Simple keys to the genera and species are inserted so as to give
the work a wider usefulness.

The nomenclature aims to follow the recently proposed Philadel-
phia Code. In accordance with the rules of this code in the matter of
generic names, it is not improbable that several of those here used
will have to be changed when the necessary bibliographical researches
have been made. As the important synonomy is here given with
each species, there will be little difficulty in coordinating the name
adopted with any other commonly used heretofore, or which may be
proposed hereafter.

As regards the limitation of species the author has in the main
adopted « rather conservative attitude. Some of the recently pro-
posed species seem well founded even if the differences are slight.
In other cases the species or subspecies seem to be based on too shght
characters and are therefore unworthy of nomenclatorial recogni-
tion. As one’s acceptance or rejection of a proposed species depends
in part on personal judgment, and in part on the evidence available,
attention is, in nearly all cases, called to those which the author
rejects. In all such cases additional material, as well as careful field
notes, is desirable for the better understanding of the forms in
question.

In the matter of the tendency common at present to raise to
generic rank what have heretofore been considered subgenera, the
writer likewise takes a conservative attitude. It is at least doubtful
if the very large number of new names thus occasioned does not more
than counterbalance any advantage argued in favor of the practice.
Certainly the carrying of the practice to such an extreme that genera
are considered to be made up of species of similar habit, rather than
to be based on structural characters, seems inadvisable. Neither does
it impress one as a valid argument that, because in some extremely
natural families the genera must perforce be based on very slight

9

10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

differences, similar characters must be given equal consideration in »
all families, |

The Pacific northwest is a region with great: physiographic and
correspondingly great climatic differences. In consonance with the
physical factors there are many and striking peculiarities in the dis-
tribution of the plant species occupying this area, and the attempt is
here made on the basis of the writer’s familiarity with the region,
and the recorded data of others, to determine some of the complex
causes which have brought about the present plant distribution.

It is more than possible that some of the conclusions here reached
or suggested may be based quite as much on our lack of knowledge
as on definite information. While this may eventually prove to be
the case, the suggestions here advanced may nevertheless serve as
working hypotheses when a more complete botanical survey shall be
undertaken.

Many of the data upon which the origin of the present flora of
Washington depends must be sought to the southward, a region here
considered only incidentally, but which must needs be more fully
explored before certain conclusions here suggested can be either veri-
fied or overthrown.

THE BOTANICAL EXPLORERS OF WASHINGTON.

The following brief account of the botanical explorers of Wash-
ington reiers to their labors mainly in so far as they concern the
region covered by this work. Inasmuch as both Washington and
Tdaho were included in Oregon until 1853, many of the earlier col-
lections in these States are ascribed simply to “ Oregon,” though
Washington and north Idaho are sometimes referred to as “ Upper
Oregon,” notably in Geyer’s explorations. Before the name Oregon
became attached to the northwest Pacific region the interior portions,
especially south Idaho and eastern Oregon, were more or less vaguely
included in “ Upper California,” a phrase not unusual on Douglas’s
plant labels, and quite frequently used in the Botany of Beechey’s
Voyage. Still earlier than this the name “ New Georgia ” was em-
ployed, mainly for the region bordering Puget Sound and the Gulf of
Georgia. The most vague term of all, “ Northwest Coast,” has been
made by different writers to include everything from the northern
boundary of California to Prince William Sound, Alaska, and the
approximate meaning of this phrase can be gleaned in each case
where used only by indirect means.

The botanical explorations of Washington are conveniently grouped
into two periods. The first of these includes all the explorers previous °
to 1860, namely, Menzies, Lewis, Douglas, Scouler, Tolmie, Gairdner,
Wyeth, Nuttall, Pickering and Brackenridge, Geyer, Spalding, Jef-

ee ee ee ee ee a ee a Se

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. TT

frey, Cooper, and Lyall. Besides these may be mentioned Mogino,
who botanized at Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, in 1792, and
Thaddeus Haenke, who was at the same place in 1791. Nootka
Sound, an important harbor in early times, was also visited by
Menzies and by Scouler, and consequently is the type locality of
many northwestern species.

MENZIES.

Archibald Menzies (1754-1842) was the surgeon and naturalist
with Vancouver during his explorations from 1790 to 1795, during
which time a thorough exploration was made of Puget Sound and
adjacent waters, and of the Columbia River as far up as the site of ,

-Fort Vancouver. Previous to this time Menzies had already visited

the “ Northwest Coast” in a trading vessel and had made some col-
lections. Sets of his plants are at Kew and in the British Museum.
A very few are in the Gray Herbarium. In descriptions, Menzies’s
plants are commonly ascribed to the “ Northwest Coast,” or to “ New
Georgia.” <A considerable number are definitely known to have been
collected at Nootka Sound, and it would perhaps be possible to ascer-

tain the’ exact source of most of them.

LEWIS.

In conjunction with William Clark, Meriwether Lewis (1774—

1809) made the famous transcontinental exploration in 1804—1806.
All of his botanical collections that concern Washington plants. were
made on the return trip in 1806, and it has been possible from the
labels on the specimens and the detailed journals of the expedition to
determine accurately where each specimen was gathered. Most of
these which concern Washington plants were collected, or described,
from Fort Clatsop, near Astoria, Oreg.; at the Cascades, or “ Grand
Rapids ” of the Columbia; at “ Fort Rock Camp,” or The Dalles of
ihe Columbia; at Camp Chopunnish, on the Clearwater, opposite the
present town of Kamiah, Idaho, and at “ Quamash Flats,” now
Weippe Prairie, Idaho. Lewis’s plants were described by Pursh in
1814‘in Flora Americae Septentrionalis. A nearly complete set of
his specimens is in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. A few of
these are Pursh’s actual types, but most of them are duplicates. A
curious fact pointed out by Coues is that whenever Lewis described a
plant in detail in his journal he rarely collected a specimen. This is
notably true of the trees in the vicinity of Fort Clatsop, which Lewis
described with considerable care. Rafinesque afterwards gave botan-
ical names to these trees, based wholly on Lewis’s descriptions.

12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DOUGLAS.

David Douglas (1799-1834), a Scotch botanist sent out by the
London Horticultural Society, made extensive collections in two
journeys, the first from 1824 to 1827. In this journey Douglas
explored the larger portion of what is now Washington and much of
Oregon and Idaho. He returned to England in 1827, traveling over-
land from Fort Vancouver to Hudson Bay, where he fortunately
found a whaling vessel. The second journey occupied the years 1830
to 1833. The summer of 1830 was spent in Washington and Oregon.
From December, 1830, to October, 1832, he was in California and the
Hawaiian Islands, whence he again reached the Columbia River
October 23, 1832. The ensuing twelve months were spent in Wash-
ington and Oregon. October 18, 1833, Douglas sailed from the
mouth of the Columbia to the Hawaiian Islands, where he met his
death July 12, 1834.

During all of his trips Douglas kept a journal, and this is now in
the possession of the London Horticultural Society. The principal
parts of this journal were published after Douglas’s death in the
“Companion to the Botanical Magazine,” by Sir W. J. Hooker, in
1836. This paper has recently been reprinted by the Oregon Histor-
ical Society. From it the following epitome of Douglas’s northwest-.
ern explorations are drawn:

Reaching Fort Vancouver April 19, 1825, Douglas spent the first .
two months collecting in the atimedtate vicinity. From June 20 to
August 5 he botanized along the Columbia between Vancouver and
The Dalles. On August 19 he started up the Willamette, reaching
a point 38 kilometers (24 miles) above the falls. The second week
in September he ascended the high mountains on each side of the
Columbia, a very arduous task. On the mountain on the south side,
he discovered Abies amabilis and A. nobilis. The time from Octo-
ber 22-until November 15 was spent in a trip to the mouth of the
Columbia, thence up the coast to Willapa and Gray harbors. From
the latter place he ascended the Chehalis River and returned to Van-
couver down the Cowlitz. Owing to extremely bad weather, all the
collections of this trip were lost. The winter was spe at’ Fort
Vancouver.

March 20, 1826, Douglas started for Fort Walla Walla, now the
site of Wallula, whith he reached on the 28th. April 1 he was at
Priest Rapids, April 6 at the mouth of the Okanogan, and April 11
at the mouth of the Spokane, where he remained eight days. April
19 he started for Kettle Falls, where much of the time until June 4
was spent. Proceeding overland to Walla Walla, he remained there
until June 19. During the three weeks succeeding he made two trips
into the Blue Mountains. On July 17 he started up the Snake River,

POSS ee eS hUC er Ohh

re ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 13

reaching the mouth of the Clearwater July 24. Douglas collected
about the present site of Lewiston and in the adjacent Craig Moun-
tains until the 380th. July 31 he started overland for Kettle Falls,
which he reached August 4, going by way of Old Fort Spokane.
Here he remained until the 18th, when he proceeded to Fort Okano-
gan on horseback, thence down the Columbia, reaching Vancouver
August 31. The remainder of this season was spent in a trip to the
head of the Umpqua River, where he discovered the sugar pine, near
the present: site of Roseburg. On March 20, 1827, he started for
England, going up the Columbia to Kettle Falls on foot. From here
he made his way across the continent to Hudson Bay, whence he sailed
in a whaling ship.

On Douglas’s second journey he reached the Columbia June 3, 1831.
Most of this season was spent in the Blue Mountains region, where
he collected “ one hundred new species ” of plants. From October 10
until December 23 he was at the mouth of the Columbia. From then
until October 23,. 1832, he was in California and the Sandwich
Islands. Reaching the Columbia again October 23, 1832, he spent
the fall collecting mosses and seaweeds along the coast. In the
spring of 1833 he again ascended the Columbia, reaching Fort Oka-
nogan April 9. The early part of the summer was spent on Fraser
River, but all his collections were lost by the upsetting of his canoe,
and Douglas barely escaped with his life. July 15, 1833, he was
again at Walla Walla, whence he made excursions for the third time
into the Blue Mountains. October 18, 1833, he sailed from the mouth
of the Columbia. The extent and amount of this man’s collections
during the three seasons he spent in the Northwest almost surpass
belief.

His collections are described in Hooker’s Flora Boreali-Americana.
A few of his duplicates are in the Gray Herbarium, but the most
complete set is at Kew. ;

SCOULER.

Dr. John Scouler (1804-1871) was the companion of Douglas on
his first journey. His collections were confined to the single season
of 1825. During April and May he collected with Douglas mainly
at the mouth of the Columbia and at Fort Vancouver. From June
until September Scouler spent on a trip to Nootka Sound and return,
during which he is said to have visited nearly every harbor along
that stretch of coast. Some of his specimens are labeled “ Straits
of de Fuca; ” others ‘“ Nootka Sound.” The best set is in the Brit-
ish Museum. Scouler’s manuscript journal is in the possession of the
Oregon Historical Society and, it is stated, will soon be published.

14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL H®RBARIUM.
TOLMIE.

Dr. W. F. Tolmie (died in 1886) went to Fort Vancouver in 1832
as a medical officer to the Hudson Bay Company. He had been a
pupil of Sir W. J. Hooker, to whom he sent many botanical speci-
mens. Tolmie’s duties caused him to travel quite widely in the
Northwest, but little is known of the details of his journeys. He
was the first botanist to visit Mount Rainier, on the slopes of which
he collected in 1837. Tolmie’s specimens are mostly labeled “ Fort
Vancouver,” “ Multnomah River,” and “ N. W. Coast.” Many speci-
mens collected in the “ Snake country ” of south Idaho and described
in the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage, are usually accredited to Tolmie,
though he expressly states that they were gathered for him by a
friend.

GAIRDNER.

Dr. Meredith Gairdner, a surgeon of the Hudson Bay Company,
collected a few plants about Fort Vancouver, where he died prior to
1840. His specimens are at Kew. Carum gairdneri, the finest food
plant of the northwestern Indians, commemorates his name.

WYETH.

Nathaniel Wyeth, the adventurous and enterprising American trav-
eler and trader, crossed the continent on his first journey in 1832.
On his return trip in 1833 he crossed the mountains in north Idaho,
and made a small collection of plants on the Flathead River. These
were described by his friend, Nuttall, in the Journal of the Phila-
delphia Academy of Sciences, new series, volume 7. Wyeth’s jour-
nals were published in 1889 by the Oregon Historical Society.

NUTTALL.

Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859), an Englishman by birth, one of the
most acute and able of American botanists, spent the years 1834 to
1836 botanizing in the West. He was a member of Wyeth’s second
expedition, crossing the continent by the “Oregon Trail.” He
reached Fort Walla Walla about September 3, 1834, and Fort Van-
couver September 16. On the overland trip Nuttall collected a very
large number of species, considering the circumstances. December 11
he sailed for the Sandwich Islands, returning to the Columbia the
following spring. His headquarters during 1835 were on Sauvie
Island, at the mouth of the Willamette River, then called Wappatoo
Island. Nuttall made but few and short excursions from his base,
apparently finding enough to occupy his energies there. He did,
however, collect about the Willamette Falls, Fort Vancouver, and the
mouth of the Columbia. His original collection is in the British

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 15

Museum, but good sets of his specimens are in the Gray and Torrey
herbaria, and many others are in the Philadelphia Academy of
Sciences.

PICKERING AND BRACKENRIDGE.

Dr. Charles Pickering and Mr. W. D. Brackenridge were the
botanists of the exploring expedition under Commodore Wilkes.
Their botanical explorations so far as Washington is concerned were -
briefly as follows: May 2, 1841, the expedition was at Port Discovery,
remaining there until the 6th instant. On the trip up Puget Sound
stops were made at Appletree Cove and Port Madison. The expedi-
tion reached Fort Nisqually May 11, which place became the ~
headquarters for the explorations in the interior. Pickering and
Brackenridge were attached to Lieutenant Johnson’s party, which
left Nisqually May 20 and crossed the Cascade Mountains by way of
the Indian trail up White River. They reached the summit on the
26th instant, remaining there two days, descending on the east side
down the Spipen or Naches River. Leaving this river near its
mouth the party traveled northward to the Yakima and thence over
the Wenache Mountains to the Wenache River. From here the route
was up the Columbia to Fort Okanogan, which was reached June 8.
June 10 the journey was resumed eastward up the Columbia, and
Fort Colville was reached June 15. From Fort Colville the party
traveled southward, reaching Lapwai, Idaho, on June 25. A two
days’ trip from here brought the party to Fort Walla Walla, where
they remained until July 4. From here their route led up the
Yakima and Naches rivers and thence over the mountains by the
outgoing route.

Several other exploring parties were also sent out from Nisqually,
but the only botanical specimens collected by the expedition seem to
have been gathered by Pickering and Brackenridge.

The results are included in two of the large volumes devoted to
the scientific results of the expedition. Unfortunately the original
labels of the specimens seem in some way to have become intermixed,
with the result that a good many plants confined to eastern Wash-
ington bear such labels as “ Port Discovery ” and “ Nisqually,” while
other species confined to western Washington are labeled “ Walla
Walla,” or “ North Fork of the Columbia.” On some sheets eastern ,
and western Washington species are mixed, and mounted over a
single label. With the details of the party’s itinerary known, it is
possible, however, to tell with some accuracy where the specimens
must have been gathered.

OE a ar me>

16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
GEYER.

Charles A. Geyer, a German botanist who had previously botan-
ized extensively in Illinois, and who later was attached to Nicollet’s
expedition, traversed the continent with a party of missionaries, and
in November, 1843, crossed a high spur of the “ Green ” (Bitterroot)
Mountains from the Flathead to the Spokane or Coeur d’Alene River,
and passed the winter at Chamokane Mission, situated on Chamo- -
kane Creek, about 10 miles from its junction with the Spokane.
During the season of 1844 Geyer made excursions northward to Old
Fort Colville on the Columbia, southeastward up the Spokane River
and into the mountains about Lake Coeur d’Alene, and southward to
the Palouse River and to Lapwai Mission, near the mouth of the
Clearwater. From here he explored the Craig Mountains of Idaho.
Journeying overland to Fort Walla Walla he descended the Colum-
bia, and reached Fort Vancouver November 13, 1844, whence he
sailed to England.

Geyer’s account of the flora of the regions explored by him is re-
markably good. A nearly complete set of his plants is in the Gray
Herbarium.

SPALDING.

Rev. Henry Spalding was a missionary to the Nez Perce Indians
and founder of Lapwai Mission near the mouth of the Clearwater
River, Idaho. In this vicinity Spalding collected a good many
plants which are in the Gray Herbarium. Most of them are labeled
“ Clearwater, Oregon,” but inasmuch as a number of them have not
since been found near Lapwai it is not improbable that they were col-
lected elsewhere. Spalding traveled quite extensively in the course
of his labors, and doubtless gathered some of his specimens at other
places than Clearwater, as, indeed, some few of the labels indicate.
His notes on the Indian food plants are most interesting and often
quite detailed. According to the testimony of his son, the late H. H.
Spalding, the specimens were largely gathered by his mother.

LYALL.

Dr. David Lyall was the surgeon and botanist attached to the In-
ternational Boundary Survey. His work, so far as it relates to
Washington, was during the years 1858 to 1860, inclusive. During
1858 he made collections on Vancouver Island and on the smaller
islands and the mainland near the forty-ninth parallel. In 1859 the
western slopes of the Cascades near the boundary were explored. _ In
1860 the surveyors went up the Columbia, dividing at The Dalles
into two parties. One party, which Lyall accompanied, traveled in-
a northerly direction, past Fort Simcoe, across the Naches and other

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 17

tributaries of the Yakima, thence over the Wenache Mountains to
the Columbia, which was reached just below the mouth of the Wena-
che. From here the party followed the Columbia and Okanogan to
Lake Osoyoos. Following up the Similkameen and Ashnola the
party formed a camp at 1,670 meters (5,480 feet) elevation on the
boundary, where they remained some time.

The other party proceeded to Fort Walla Walla and thence north-
ward, crossing the Snake at the mouth of the Palouse and passing
Rock Lake on the route to Fort Colville. The collections of this
party were made by John Buttle, but the specimens seem all to be
credited to Lyall. During the year 1860 the survey.was completed
nearly to the Idaho line.

_ Lyall’s account of his botanical observations is brief, but very inter-
esting. A nearly complete set of his plants is in the Gray Herbarium.

JEFFREY.

John Jeffrey, a Scotch botanist, was sent out by some patrons to
collect the seeds of plants of horticultural interest in the region
- traversed by Douglas, “ to complete his researches, and to extend them
. into those parts of the country not fully explored by him.” Jeffrey
was at Fort Colville May 18, 1851, reaching that point from the
northward. During this season he spent much of the time in north-
ern Washington and adjacent British Columbia. Late in the season
he was on Mount Baker. In May of the following year Jeffrey was
at Fort Nisqually, and during June and July at Fort Vancouver.
His remaining explorations were all southward.

Very little is known of Jeffrey’s specimens, as none exist in Ameri-
can herbaria, and but little has been published concerning them.

COOPER.

Dr. J. G. Cooper collected in various portions of Washington
from 1853 till 1855, in connection with the Stevens Survey of the
forty-eighth parallel. An annotated list of his plants, including
also some collected by Dr. George Gibbs and Dr. G. Suckley, is pub-
lished in the Pacific Railroad Reports, volume 12, part 2.

COLLECTORS SINCE 1860.

Among botanical collectors since 1860 none has done more to
explore the flora of the State than Mr. W. N. Suksdorf, of Bingen,
who for twenty-five years past has been an assiduous student,of plants.
His most important collections have been made in Klickitat County,
but he has gathered much material also in Spokane and Whatcom
counties, and elsewhere. Sets of his plants are in all the principal

29418—06 m——2

18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

herbaria, while his private collection is among the best in the North-
west.

Mr. Thomas Howell, whose long and extensive labors hava mainly
been limited to Orcwon, has nevertheless collected much in Washing-
ton, especially in the counties bordering on the Columbia. Mr. é
Howell’s herbarium is now in the possession of the Oregon State
University, but sets of his plants are widely distributed. A con-
siderable collection of Klickitat County plants was also made by Mr.
Joseph Howell.

Professor L. F. Henderson, who has also collected much in Oregon,
‘gathered rich material in the Olympic Mountains in 1890, and. in
1892 traveled over much of the State to make a collection for the
Columbian World’s Fair. This is now in the State University at
Seattle. Professor Henderson’s private herbarium, one of the most
complete in its representation of North Pacific plants, was unfor-
nately burned in the recent fire that destroyed the main building of
the University of Idaho.

Mr. T. S. Brandegee, Mr. Frank Tweedy, and Prof. E. W. Hilgard
were associated with the North Transcontinental Survey organized
in connection with the Northern Pacific Railway under Villard’s
presidency. In connection with this work extensive collections were
made, especially by Brandegee, in Walla Walla, Yakima, and Kitti-
tas counties. The best set of these plants is in the Canby Herbarium,
now in the New York College of Pharmacy.

Dr. Sereno Watson visited Washington in 1880 in connection with
the Tenth Census Survey of the forests. He made small collections
at Yakima Pass, Lake Chelan, Fort Colville, and Spokane. The
specimens are in the Gray Herbarium.

Charles A. Ramm collected a small set of plants in 1883 in Spokane
_ County, which were sent to Doctor Gray.

Mr. George R. Vasey made extensive collections for the Dewaranient
of Agriculture in 1889, principally in Yakima, Kittitas, and King
counties., Sets of his plants are in the principal herbaria. His
specimens, unfortunately, lack data regarding their exact place of
collection.

Mr. F. Binns collected plants from 1888 to 1890 about Port Ludlow,
and sent them to the Gray Herbarium.

Rey. Ernest C. Smith botanized in the vicinity of Seattle in 1889
and 1890, in the latter year making collections on Mount Rainier.

Dr. E. L. Greene collected in 1889 about Clealum, Yakima, and on
Mount Rainier.

Mr. J. M. Grant sent a few plants to the Gray Herbarium, col-
lected in the Olympic Mountains in 1889.

Mrs. Susan Tucker made collections near Cheney in 1889, and again
in 1903.

Pye -

a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 19

Prof. E. R. Lake and Mr. W. R. Hull collected in 1892 in the Blue

Mountains, and later in Douglas and Chelan counties.

Messrs. Sandberg and Leiberg, collecting for the Department of
Agriculture, botanized along the Great Northern Railway from
Spokane to the summit of the Cascade Mountains in 1893. Their
collections are very large and valuable. During the preceding year

these same botanists, together with Dr. D. T. MacDougal and Mr.

A. A. Heller, collected in Latah and Nez Perce counties, Idaho, inci-
dentally gathering plants at a few adjacent points in Washington.

Prof. J. B. Flett has been active in studying the flora of the State
since 1895. He has made extensive collections in the Olympic Moun-
tains, on Mount Rainier, about Tacoma, -in Island County, and in

the Mount Adams region.

Mr. O. D. Allen during the year 1895, and subsequently, has pre-
pared exquisite sets of specimens from the region about Mount

- Rainier. His plants are in all the leading herbaria.

Mr. A. D. E. Elmer botanized in 1896 in Whitman County; in
1897 in Okanogan and Kittitas counties; in 1898 about Mount Stuart,
and in 1900 in Clallam County. His specimens are in many herbaria.

Prof. R. M. Horner made fine sets of the plants of the Blue Moun-
tains in 1896 and 1897. A complete set of his plants is in the
National Herbarium.

Mr. N. L. Gardner collected in 1897 and 1898, mainly about
Coupeville. :

Mr. M. W. Gorman secured a fine set of plants in the Washington
Forest Reserve in 1897 for the National Herbarium. He has also
collected in Klickitat County and elsewhere.

Mr. F. H. Lamb collected in 1897 in the little known region north-
ward from Grays Harbor. Several herbaria have sets of his plants.

Mr. A. A. Heller made sets of specimens in 1898 from the vicinity
of Montesano. They have been distributed to the leading herbaria.

Mr. Kirk Whited has for several years past made large collections
in Kittitas and Chelan counties, adding much to the knowledge of
that interesting region.

Mr. John S. Cotton has made very extensive collections in central
Washington since 1900, mostly in Yakima County. In 1902 he col-
lected in company with Dr. David Griffiths.

Mr. Frank O. Kreager collected sets of plants in Stevens and Spo-

~ Jane counties in 1903, and the flora of the same region has been

further explored by Prof. R. K. Beattie and Ronald Chapman in—
1904.

Mr. H. C. Conrad made valuable collections in 1903 on the Quin-
ault Indian Reservation of Chehalis County.

Dr. Ruhn, U. S. Army, gathered specimens about Muckleshoot
Prairie, King County, and sent them to Doctor Gray. The labels
bear no dates.

20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Others have made smaller collections of plants in the State. Their ©
ames appear in association with the specimens they gathered.

The writer’s personal observations and collections have been made
in many parts of the State. Especially extensive collections were
made about Seattle, 1885-1892; Mount Rainer, 1888 and 1895;
Olympic Mountains, 1890 and 1895; Union City, 1890; Pullman and
vicinity, 1893-1903; Blue Mountains, 1896. The earliest of these
collections are in the herbarium of the State University at Seattle;
the remainder are at Pullman, in the State College of Washington.
The herbarium of the State College, which more than any other is
the basis of this work, contains about 40,000 sheets of Washington
plants, including very full sets of the Washington collections of
Howell, Henderson, Suksdorf, Vasey, Sandberg and Leiberg, Gorman,
Flett, Whited, Horner, Lake and Hull, Allen, Elmer, Gardner,
Lamb, Heller, Cotton, Cotton and Griffiths, Kreager, Mrs. L. A.
Bouck, Beattie and Chapman, and Conard. <A nearly complete set
of the writer’s own collections, including the types of his new species,
is deposited in the National Herbarium.

PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY.

The accompanying relief map (PI. IT) will render clear the prin-
cipal physiographic features of the State of Washington. It may
conveniently be considered to be made up of seven regions, namely,
the Pacific Coastal Plain, the Olympic Mountains, the Puget Sound
Basin, the Cascade Mountains, the Columbia Basin, the Okanogan
Highlands, and the Blue Mountains.

THE PACIFIC COASTAL PLAIN.

This is a narrow strip of land in immediate proximity to the Pa-—
cific Ocean and the’ Straits of Juan de Fuca. It is watered by
numerous short streams from the Olympic Mountains and from the
low Coast Mountains in Chehalis and Pacific counties. The largest
stream, the Chehalis River, rises in the Cascade Mountains, and its
valley connects the coastal plain with the Puget Sound Basin.

The formation of most of the land is quite similar to that of the
Puget Sound Basin, described below. The distinctive features are,
first, the low strip of sandy land, seldom over a mile wide, formed
by the inland drifting of the.ocean sand; second, the steep rocky
bluffs which face the ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River and
in a few. places near Cape Flattery, and third, the coastal plain
proper. This region is characterized by having a very great rainfall,
ranging from 200 to 300 centimeters (80 to 120 inches) annually.

PLATE II.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

(edieale: teelieine’ gata

a

Ps

a

4

Mee ae

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I

/
1
=

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF WASHINGTON.

From the original model by Professor Solon Shedd, State College of Washington,

35.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. PLATE III.

CHARACTERISTIC VEGETATION OF THE BLUFFS ALONG PUGET SOUND.

The conspicuous plants are goatsbeard (Aruncus aruncus) in the center, with thimbleberry
(Rubus parviflorus) on the right, wormwood (Artemisia suksdorfii) beneath, and Peta-
sites speciosa in the lower corner at the left.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. CL
THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS.

This is an almost circular group of mountains, which occupies
much of Clallam, Jefferson, Mason, and Chehalis’ counties. The
mountains are quite isolated. They consist of numerous peaks, vary-
ing in height from 1,800 to over 2,300 meters (6,000 to 7,500 feet),
the highest being Mount Olympus, altitude 2,638 meters (8,131 feet).
Owing to their isolated position the drainage from these mountains
is in all directions, but the largest streams flow into the Pacific Ocean.
Nearly all the streams head in small glaciers. .

These mountains are very difficult of exploration, and their geol-
ogy is but little known. The peaks consist, for the most part, at least,
of a laminated igneous rock which dips at a very steep angle, so that

the summits of the ridges and peaks are often exceedingly narrow,

not rarely indeed being hollowed out beneath by the falling rock.
The age of these rocks is unknown.

The streams have all worn very deep gorges along their courses
almost to the center of the mountains. This is due, perhaps, more
to the soft character of the rock than to the lapse of a great period of
time. This fact, however, renders it exceedingly difficult, and often
impossible, to pass from one dividing ridge to another.

Owing to the circumstance of these mountains standing first in the
path of the moist Pacific winds the precipitation of rain and snow is
very great. In exceptional seasons some of the glaciers may be of
annual duration only. Such a glacier may disappear entirely by
the end of the summer, the snowfall of the succeeding winter being
sufficient to form it again.

The Olympics are really a portion of the coast system of mountains,
isolated, owing to the fact that the portion of the system in south-

‘west Washington consists only of hills which rise to little over 300

meters in height, through which the Chehalis River forms a broad
gap. ‘The portion of the system to the northward is widely severed
by the Straits of Juan de Fuca.

THE PUGET SOUND BASIN.

This term is applied to the broad valley lying between the coast
system of mountains and the Cascades. It has an average breadth
of about 80 kilometers (50 miles). Much of the central portion of the
basin near the head of Puget Sound is comparatively flat, and less
than 80 meters above sea level. Along the greater portion of the
Sound the shores rise abruptly, often in bluffs 30 meters high (PI.
III), thence sloping more or less gently into hills 90 to 200 meters
high or more. The basin proper may conveniently be limited for our
purpose by the 700-meter (2,300-foot) contour line.

22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

In its late geological history the region was covered by great glacial
deposits’ derived mainly from the adjacent mountains. These de-
posits consist of clay, gravel, or sand, often somewhat stratified.
Pure deposits of each 30 meters thick or more are common. The
total thickness of the glacial deposit has been estimated at from
150 to 300 meters.

The whole region is densely timbered with the exception of a
series of small gravelly plains. These are largest and most abundant
in the central part of the basin, but similar ones occur near Van-
couver, and on Whidby and other islands. Likewise the tips of
many of the points projecting into Puget Sound have the same
gravelly soil, accompanied by a characteristic flora and fauna. These
gravelly prairies are plainly formed by flowing water, and aré gen-
erally considered to be deposited by post-glacial streams. Very
similar prairies occur along the Willamette Valley. They form, in-
deed, an interrupted series from the middle part of that valley north-
ward to Vancouver Island. Owing to the very gravelly soil of these
prairies, they partake of a semiarid condition. Indeed, the flora
contains many species identical with those of eastern Washington.

The drainage of the basin is mainly into Puget Sound, the princi-

pal rivers coming from the Cascades, but the Cowlitz River and |

various smaller streams in the extreme southern part of the basin,
flow into the Columbia.
These streams for the main part originate in glaciers, and all-of

them have formed rather narrow valleys largely of glacial detritus.

THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS.

These mountains vary in breadth from 100 to 125 kilometers (80

to 100 miles), traversing the State in a course a little easterly of a true’

north direction. The altitude of the main uplift varies from 1,800
to 2,100 meters (6,000 to 7,000 feet). The important peaks which
conspicuously exceed this altitude are Mount Baker, in Whatcom
County, altitude 3,335 meters (10,825 feet); Glacier Peak, Snoho-
mish County, said to be 3,214 meters (10,436 feet) high; Mount
Stuart, Kittitas County, 2,903 meters high (9,479 feet); Mount
Rainier, on the dividing line of Pierce and Thurston counties, the
highest peak of the Cascade system, 4,475 meters high (14,530 feet) ;
Mount Adams, Klickitat County, altitude 3,819 meters (12,401 feet),
and Mount St. Helens, Skamania County, 2,947 meters high (9,570
feet). These tall peaks are all capped with perpetual snow, and rise
far above the limits of ordinary plant life. With the exception of
Glacier Peak and Mount Stuart they are all volcanic cones.

The Cascade Mountains form the most important topographical
feature of the State as affecting the distribution of plant life. The

prevailing southwest winds from the Pacific are by them deprived

4

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 23

of most of their moisture, the result being that the region to the east-
ward is not only much drier, even to semidesert conditions in limited
areas, but also much warmer in summer. The plants and animals
adapted to such conditions are necessarily very different, as a rule,
from those that thrive in the moist region to the westward.

It is very clear that the Cascades serve as a barrier, primarily
because of the difference in humidity eastward and westward which
they occasion, and not because of their altitude. Many of the passes
over these mountains are but a little over 1,000 meters in altitude, not
sufficiently high even in this period to prevent many plants from
migrating through, especially in the wake of forest fires. As a matter
of fact the rainfall influences the vegetation for a considerable dis-
tance down the eastern slopes of the mountains, the flora of the main
range down to about 1,000 meters altitude being largely composed of
epecies of the coast region.

In Washington proper no stream traverses the Cascade Mountains,
but on the southern border is the great gap through which the
Columbia River flows. This enormous gorge gives rise to peculiar
local conditions, which find marked expression in the flora. Through
this gap, too, the coastal flora, aided by the prevailing upstream
humid winds, penetrates farther eastward than usual. Still, at the
village of White Salmon there is an unmistakable dividing line
between the humid and the semiarid floras.

Nearly. all of the many streams that arise in the Cascades flow
through deep gorges, once occupied by glaciers. Indeed, many of the
streams, especially those heading about the higher peaks, still find
their birth in glaciers.

The Cascade range north of the forty-seventh araliel is composed
largely of granite and other metamorphic rocks. Mount Rainier and
the entire range southward to its extremity in northern California is
on the contrary almost entirely made up of volcanic rocks. Recent
investigations in the geology of these mountains disclose in part a
very complex history, but indicate that the principal uplift took place
either in late Pliocene or early Pleistocene time, and subsequent to the
great outpourings of lava that make up most of the region between
the Cascades and the Rockies.

From a biological point of view the changes brought about by the
Cascade uplift were profound. Undoubtedly it transformed the
climate of the region to the eastward from one relatively moist to one
distinctly arid, and at the same time increased greatly the humidity
of the region to the westward. This climatic change, particularly in
the interior, must have been accompanied by a correspondingly great
change in the flora. The peculiar make-up of the Columbia Basin
flora of the present time indicates with more or, less clearness some of
the resultant effeets of the Cascade uplift.

24 © CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
THE OKANOGAN HIGHLANDS.

These mountains occupy the northeast portion of the State, includ-
ing most of Stevens and Ferry counties. To the southward they pass
gradually into the Columbia Plains. To the westward they are
naturally limited by the Okanogan River.

The Okanogan Highlands consist mainly of gently rounded hills,
rising into peaks 1,500 to 2,000 meters high. Geologically they are
similar to the northern part of the Cascades, and are composed largely
of granite. The vegetation is nearly identical with that of the eastern
slope of the Cascades. These mountains and those of British
Columbia connect the Cascade system with the Rocky Mountain
system in Idaho. In consonance with the markedly similar conditions
of soil and climate it is not surprising that a number of species of the
coast region occur through these mountains and in north Idaho.

THE COLUMBIA PLAINS.

The greater portion of eastern Washington is covered by an im-
mense mass of basalt, of an average thickness of at least 1,300 meters.
This mass is the result of a series of lava overflows which involved
not only eastern Washington but also great portions of eastern Oregon
and Idaho, covering in all an area of over 500,000 square kilometers
(200,000 square miles). Geologically this is known as the Columbia
River basalt. It covered in Washington all of the region south of
the Okanogan Highlands and extended westward from the Bitter-
roots nearly to the present crest of the Cascade Mountains and
beyond this at least in Clarke and Cowlitz counties. The canyon
walls of Snake River and other streams indicate a number of succes-
sive overflows, at least ten, between some of which sufficient time
elapsed for soil to form and forests to grow. The remains of the.
latter appear either as charcoal embedded in the soil of old lake bot-
toms, or else as silicified trunks, these often remaining in their origi-
nal vertical positions.

Originally the surface of the lava appears to have been approxi-
mately level, but subsequent to the last great overflow a large lake or.
else a series of lakes existed in Yakima, Douglas, Klickitat, and
Franklin counties as well as in adjacent Oregon. This was Lake
John Day. Whether this lake merely filled a basin formed beyond
the heads of the last lava flows, or whether it was formed through
the sinking of the surface concomitantly with the commencement of
the uplifting of the Cascade and Blue mountains is not clear.

The deposits formed in the bottoms of Lake John Day consist of
soft sandstone and conglomerates which have largely been removed
by subsequent erosion. The light, ashy soils formed from these de-
posits are very different from the heavy clay loam formed by the
disintegration of basalt.

PLATE IV.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

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YUAN *(B7PVJUIPL] VISIO} Y) YSNIqeses 018 dUBISIP 9[PPIM 9Y UT 9SOY) ‘(SNIR[MITULIAA SNYBQODIRS) POOMASBaIS JIB PUNOIBIIOJ VY} UT sJURTd VSivl oYL

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 2D

In some of the John Day rocks remains of plants and animals
are found which long since have become extinct. These belong to
Miocene-Tertiary time and indicate the existence of a rich and varied
flora, strikingly different from that which occupies the region to-day.

The surface of the Columbia River basalt averages about 700 meters
in elevation. Subsequent to its formation occurred the uplifting of
the Cascade and Blue mountains. Since that time the geological
history of the region has been mainly one of erosion.

Owing to the soft character of the basalt the principal rivers have
worn great canyons in it along their courses. Thus Snake River
where it enters the State flows in a tremendous gorge 600 meters
‘deep, this gradually lessening to the westward. Where this river
cuts through the Blue Mountains between Washington and Idaho it
~ exposes 1,300 meters of basalt rock, which is supposed to represent
about the original thickness of the combined lava overflows.

The Columbia River for a great portion of its course has followed
close to the line of contact between the basalt and the older granitic
rocks. In places its canyon is almost as impressive as that of Snake
River. :

Besides the canyons now occupied by streams, there are many
others, the abandoned courses of ancient rivers, called coulees. The
most notable of these are Grand Coulee (Pl. IV) and Moses Coulee in
Douglas County, 200 to 300 meters deep. These two coulees were
originally enormous cracks in the basalt, and have since been greatly
eroded. The bottom of the first named is occupied by a nearly contin-
ous chain of lakes.

The glacial period has left but small traces of its work in eastern
Washington outside of the mountains. During this time the canyons
of the Snake River and the Columbia were filled to a depth of about
100 meters with gravel, most of which has since been removed. The
upper Spokane Valley is, however, still composed of such glacial
detritus. No evidence of glaciation exists, however, on the surface of
the basalt plateau, excepting in the northern part of Douglas County,
where glaciers crossed the Columbia, thus blocking it and causing
the waters to find a temporary new channel through the Grand
Coulee.

Apparently the gorge of the Columbia River through the Cascade
Mountains was blocked at this same time, resulting in the formation
of a great glacial lake, called Lake Lewis. This seems to have occu-
pied practically the same area as its ancient predecessor, Lake John
Day. Except for ill-defined beaches at an elevation of 420 meters and
occasional erratic bowlders scattered over Yakima and Douglas coun-
ties and doubtless dropped by icebergs, there is little left to show the
existence of this lake.

26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

For the most part the Columbia River lava completely covered up
all of the older rocks over which it flowed, these being seen only as
they are revealed in the river canyons. Exceptions to this appear in
peaks which were too high to be overwhelmed, as in the cases of
Steptoe and Kamiak buttes in Whitman County, together with many
others less conspicuous. Steptoe Butte is a granitic cone projecting
about 500 meters above the surrounding basalt and, being completely
isolated, is a notable landmark. To designate such isolated buttes, of
which there are many, Russell has proposed the term steptoe, after
the name of this striking example. A steptoe is “ an island of granite
in a sea of basalt.” Kamiak butte near Pullman is composed
largely of quartzite.

THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.

The Blue Mountains in extreme southeastern Washington and ad-
jacent Oregon, represent a great uplift of basalt surrounding a.
central mass of granite peaks. The portion of these mountains in
Washington is composed wholly of basalt, elevated to over 2,000
meters. -

The granitic peaks in the central part of the mountains, the so-
called Powder River Mountains in Oregon, rise to an altitude of
about 3,000 meters, and form the greatest “steptoe” in the whole
Columbia Basin.

CLIMATE.

The data here presented are compiled from the reports of the
United States Weather Bureau. The observing stations are all
located at places of relatively low altitude, and the accurate data
therefore relate wholly to the portions of the State which lie in the
Transition and Upper Sonoran areas.

PRECIPITATION.

The following table gives the normal annual rainfall of each of
the Weather Bureau stations together with the length of the period
over which full records are available:

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.

Rainfall records.

27

PS ? Average
Station. Altitude in | o¢ record | annual pre-

In years. | in inches.
cost CULE Tat Oa A le ae ae Si ele a ae ERD 162 14 88.55
PRADO NLOR sei nt oe TE iad OL ey eo ie Ged Ae 75 11 29.41
WACUSEON a 122 so RS es anita Sf a ae A Re L775 8 71.81
SEIT eA eho Sry Seen OO ened os hinShuaeeaasoee 60 10 31.93
PUIG ee? Se be ee a oe RR on gta ek 75 8 43. 91
BROUIOPUIN cots che SSS 8 hee s et Sonat be Pape te 15 4 53. 60
ARS gts) G54 Sap 0204 Se Co rare Re a ea 80 6 76.15
OT TOES ATS SN ofa a eS ott te a 3, 000 11 20.39
RUE ee ae ope Se eres ty ot Sa ee eee 212 11 46. 41
EOI Se RIO tHE ee Es MOE et cues poe 2,351 6 17.14
GAB UO LP) Se! HANTS - 1 sian Mote o wo en ok oo eR SS ae 140 12 47.11
RECOM PUMEE SR fie etek Toto oo Hoes as Se eee 135 9 131. 01
ROR rnd Sart ee ee Sia Fh ce ee 1, 930 6 28.73
OCMNIEE AGED SS Pet oe ets ts) 35 gas 5 oo cosa poe Oe 2,300 12 23.96
MARES toe he Sg Ps. Plus dba cabin’ sav nd BRON aes 1, 635 5 17.47
EEE TS DRE EE oe -9 Ce ee re nee 2,150 5 16. 20
IIPRIMIEE) 2 oA. Toe Sel on ee ae tine 78 9 22.49
CGIERCOU See oo. ts Soe te vars tht co ccos pens book! ares 2,150 5 18. 67
RRIDN AI Sth eased hace oooh Coan cenccs o/seteente 1,749 1 13. 97
ER 2S he ol kien Ac ak dad cata ana d mae waede 1, 450 16 24. 86
SUURO IODC b ttn cs is Cee sot ake ae ee soe eaee 10 81.72
LCT DEE ite cette th A aime at 1, 57% 17 9.52
MASA MbEete = ee ont aad ad a Seen LES 1, 265 1 6.08
XE LEC 8 ee Bie oe ee ere oe So se 1, 400 15 9.30
FPATCCNTOUNC J 6 322-0 SR LEA sade oe coon wevosee 162 9 52. 60
RAV OTLOE AI So so A cece doe iis oo Sante oss 897 5 60. 07
PARDO te eo ee RR ye ean wg SA ee 1, 083 3 13.11
EROL ROS IOAN EN ee or On Od 2 eee eee eh Se os 1 8.92
PRUE OUR YT series eee ee abe EC wee te es 5 20. 38
aS CNENTGOL oR oF ped eG oe a Se tae ye aie 250 8 51. 26
UNG Shs Sor ade OG ess ne a eee 985 14 12. 63
EES Tae Se SL ee ee eae aed 1,700 8 11.75
WiGOINISEY Seven haa rete 2. caeie esd doa ea nae 1, 200 1 13. 69
VIG Na eee ess, peg eta: G cette Un Pe Swe 600 12 25.11
MAU LetG tee sa) sia 2 teh ee we. Ce a ee 300 9 65. 90
UOC © TONG fo a ce Ss a nthe narenie 307 5 9. 34
NEGUD GT IOnan ih ete de oe as so Boat eee 650 5 59. 39
14 Pep ear cy aaeahieg Vs Peete i 2 SPUR a Re ae eae A ee as) a 1,000 18 8.79
BOS OS ER SAE ec re a ea a eR ee ae Ss 50 20 109. 37
OR DNOR Gee otis OL Oe eae a eck tt See yee hl es ee a 50. 53
SURAT Nest ye Race otc ok PONS A aU andes oxidant aie ee 1,950 6 19. 41
NOUS yea ae re er ee ee. Cok a ae 50 15 30. 60
rt oy | SOUR fo PRS CROC REPRE © SR aba ie OSE A ab 15 27 55.11
RECO AEN Ne gail, Gets haat ban eee eee he ee cee ee 860 i 5.74
OPO ONG So eck ae hana hi ww eb cW awa knwes 1,500 9 19. 56
IPGUL OTORCON Gis Ceo cou rs fs SG Se ere ae a te 259 10 46. 28
POL TOWSON A eco ete Pee Sas Sat Shs 80 15 21.16

Petipa te so oats hee ee Seine tee Malt 2,500 13 22.7
MODUDNG. 2 G5 os oh seh NS es eam rata oite aes 2, 628 5 20. 23
SEMLUZ Vall Ovtras Saat Sah ps Die ie Se i TS 1, 825 6 7.01
OSCE: Na ieee a MENGE he Cae ar: ae 2,300 13 20.89
Grete CL ee ees Le ae et et a fea Se 123 14 85: 90
BOOTS VROOUGWS oo aces essee asc beate nd ence ets 38 8 48. 94
ROLE V I eat oP ree ne ee ee OR Re 35 10 36. 48
SNONG ws esse em AE ee 50 11 46. 64
PROUD MAUNIOW CUE oy ons oo ae tos eel ea 667 4 64. 76
OME KOMORIBMITIE k tee Casto ee awe hee 1,570 11 9, 29
pout Bendis. 25. esen Sle chip 24) 0 © Cee ee 16 9 92. 09
MOORBHG Sires ian tag that ciclo oi Bo caaccs snes. 3 1,948 24 18. 23
(ESE ad eile ballet oat cig rt peed eo ean 1,908 6 1511

28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rainfall rccords—Continued.

| Average
Station. Altitude in of Facord | SBBUAL Pre
"jim years.!| in inches.

BURMMENUE S Sogo: cng Sac us enesia Ker eessa apes enece 764 10 6. 63
MURIEL Os, ee SO ern ae aaa baht Mis MIR RS Ae Sees Co 213 19 44. 68
SU RUOOR A Seok Cores Wee el Se ee ee ee 86 20 93.78
SEPIA a: ote 2 See pe ee se oe es ee ae 900 1 6.05
PRAT eee es PON CD eee ot ee _ 6 2 66.50
UNEN 8 Ok a gee Coad aaehees Sher ieanceseaeees 1,619 1 18.50
RIMAGE oe. bot Sysco os naan ony eI ace 10 11 83. 41
RI a ae RT Re ne ee 2,050 5 24.80
Wes COR VOEr ot pects oo Deg aio ei oa eee seer eal * 50 81 38. 74
WAKEOITARIGNUR tS oe in eon! 110 16 41.56
VISAS WV lie 28 Gt ie oe oe Be ee eats 1,000 19 16.77
Wratervilles.- oho Sse Bh Ate atee en ee 2, 624 15 13.30
WHONRCHO. 098 Sot Oe Gece eo Ss he tentae Sa ae 1,169 6 15. 52
ELEC COTY el Spey re ee ee a a en a tb 60 9 31. 98
WDE oo hae ge Ee A ois Sie ea as 2, 203 6 16. 20
ANGG) ce i ce ee een ola Seek pag nee 715 3 17. 67
TAG Withee RORNOLS pene a ee 57 11 13.82
ETE OT OR ere Seg 2 oo cn Pee hace seeks 855 14 9.11
ENG PAGS Orer we rs es sce c ee 12 30 15.09
Wpntiien -Orer C= +2 se: se Be ee eee 340 17 8. 84
FASTONIAS ONO Sey eet rs neha ce ee oe a 50 45 87. 41

The rainfall map (PI. V) is based mainly on the above records,

but over mountainous regions where no records have been made
the lines drawn are based on topography. Owing to the great vari-
ation in rainfall caused by mountains and to a less extent by deep
canyons, which often make great differences within small areas, the
rainfall map is drawn on broad lines. Enough is known of these
local differences in rainfall caused by topography to make it certain
that an accurate map of Washington to show these smaller differ-
ences would be a very complex affair.

The larger differences in the normal annual precipitation are .

clearly shown by the map. As a whole, western Washington has a
heavy rainfall while that of eastern Washington is light. The coast
region has the greatest precipitation, heaviest on the western slope
of the Olympic Mountains. The region immediately to the north-
east of these mountains has a correspondingly light rainfall. No
satisfactory records are available for the precipitation in the higher
parts of the Cascade Mountains. Presumably it is between 70 and
90 inches.

In eastern Washington perhaps the most striking feature is the
suddenness with which the precipitation decreases east of the crest of
the Cascades.

The area over which the rainfall is less than 10 inches is practically
identical with the Upper Sonoran life area.

As compared with the rest of the United States the narrow strip
immediately along the ocean has the maximum amount of rainfall,

———

—

PLATE V.

RAINFALL MAP OF WASHINGTON.

“
H ile 1397
s 269
1
Rll es, en"
j OKANOGAN eh ae
f—— Coregaty 20 Mae (STEVENS
/ eo: a Ush24.80,
Touts 18.50 be bid
i & 20.38
68
Laheshle 1263
Wily 620 CrescenP Re
ELAN : eV Sookine f823
oMagryile POKANE
LINCOLN oy tle
re DOUGLAS ; "6
Mo / laston 4.56 | "| Ty Weratcheg er aa
eno ale / KING ! Phys f \ Oy ee
"9, qn el LSS NX rine OR ¥
Fa % / NO $4.63 J H “B78 ye Pious : ! Mt. ie Renae
/ sz / 1 ' OF og sea j
tendon 6855 Lt,’ / i ADAMS
N } SEAS PIERCE i Sie lensburg H 4 Colligx 23:96
‘SN 5260 y i 962 { Lik U5 ®
¢ Asher 1811 ; | ' WHITMA
/ —eomte ere. é \ Mooper 22770
; j airalia 7 H eee Cone ee SE ARFIEL
CIFIC Er |S dined tf eee Rees Prey,
° Teh 66.90 t j rd ‘ 56
= Maco , KIAKI ‘ant H H /YAK! A Piadae>: 7 be COLUMB
* we 5 IAHKIAKUM 1 H ! trSumee c “A ‘
SI. aS ! | ( ‘230 gaa Auth WALLA be ASOTIN
aa ia BY { rr
3 aor % SKAMANIA Wise NS (Wah Walt Zinder
oY
0s ge \ . 0
8 1 | f KLIKKTAT
c ! \
£ 1 ZA
8 O35 6 i74

Se

er tats on il

we

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. _ 29

approached only by that of the regions about Mobile, Ala., and Cape

- Hatteras, N. C. The rainfall of the Puget Sound Basin as a whole

is but slightly in excess of that of the Atlantic coast States, but it
shows wide variation within short distances. The greater part of
eastern Washington coincides as regards total rainfall with the upper
Mississippi Valley.

A noticeable peculiarity of the Washington rains, particularly in
the western part of the State, is their gentleness. They are rarely
accompanied either by winds or by lightning. Perhaps 90 per cent
of the rains consist of gentle drizzles, locally characterized as “ Ore-
gon mists.” re

A most striking feature of the rainfall is the very low amount of
precipitation during the summer months.. This has given rise to a

distinction between a “ dry ” or summer season and a “ wet ” or winter

season, though in reality the wet season includes much of the spring
in all parts of the State, and also of the fall, particularly in western
Washington.

A prolonged “ dry” season naturally entails drought, which may
be marked even in the humid western portion of the State. In east-
ern Washington such droughts have occasionally caused severe injury
to crops.

The significance of this dry season is rendered more clear by com-
parison. If we except the Vancouver strip, all of the United States
west of the Rocky Mountains has normally less than 3 inches of rain-
fall during July, August, and September, an amount lower for these
months than any other part of the country. For eastern Washington,
as a whole, the rainfall of these three months averages about 2 inches.

The normal annual rainfall for the Vancouver strip during the
three summer months is less than 6 inches, thus coinciding with that
of the area between the one hundredth meridian and the Rocky
Mountains.

?

SUNSHINE AND CLOUDINESS.

The average number of clear days in westerry Washington for the
years 1902-1904 was, respectively, 120, 127, and 117; of partly cloudy
days, 92, 100, and 80; of cloudy days, 153, 148, and 159. As might be
expected in conformity with the wide variation in rainfall, the
extremes depart considerably. The smallest numbers of clear days
were, respectively, 56, 42, and 48; the largest, 171, 174, and 174.

In eastern Washington for the same years the clear days totaled,
respectively, 146, 153, and 178; the partly cloudy days, 92, 95, and 90;
the cloudy days, 127, 117, and 98. The largest numbers of clear days
were 207, 228, and 230. The smallest records for the same years were
67, 77, and 85.

30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

If the records are considered separately for the stations located .
within the line of 10 inches of rainfall the average number of clear
days for these same years is 166, 168, and 193.

These data show very clearly that eastern Washington has much
more sunshine than western Washington, and also that in the region
of less than 10 inches rainfall, which closely coincides with the
Upper Sonoran area, the amount of sunshine is considerably greater
than for the average of eastern Washington.

The following percentages are based on the normal sunshine map
of the United States Weather Bureau: The least amount of sunshine
is in the very humid region, which has over 90 inches of annual rain-
fall. Less than 40 per cent of the days here are clear, a low percent-
age equaled in the United States only on the upper peninsula of
Michigan, in northern New York, and in northern New England.

In the region of less than 10 inches rainfall over one-half of the
days of the year are clear, thus corresponding in general with the
broad basins of the Missouri and Mississippi valleys and with the
Southern States. The remainder of the State has from 40 to 50 per
cent of the days clear, resembling in this respect the region of the
Ohio Valley northward and eastward.

TEMPERATURE.
WESTERN WASHINGTON.

Temperature records of the United States Weather Bureau are
available for over 30 stations in western Washington, all located
in the Humid Transition area, for periods varying from one year to
thirty years. The normal annual mean temperature based on these
records is 49.3° F. The same average for each of the 30 stations
shows the lowest to be Port Crescent, 46.6°, and the highest to be
Vancouver, 52°. The normal monthly mean temperatures of the
same stations vary as follows:

Temperature data for Humid Transition area.

Month. Degrees F. Month. Degrees F.
WOUND oo cc races =< as sy BS TOS IME os caadocemasae eens 56 to 66
Pobrnary.- 7.250<--..----- Bi i048 | Aaeuee oo cose cuepaveese 56 to 66
1h PE a ae 38 to 46 || September -___._._____.-. 53 to 60
Cs ae eee AN tO DE Nl OCHQUGE os. 25 Bien voswn sede 47 to 53
IMB eae ee Sr ho coz es 50 to 58 || November -_.........-.-.=. 88 to 46
Peon oe ok SS Seca 54 to 62 || December _____..---..---. 84 to 48

The highest temperature ever recorded at any of these stations is
100°; the lowest is — 2°,

Bl i cll cl

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 31

As regards temperature then the climate of this region is remark-
ably equable, without marked extremes in either summer or winter.
The region in immediate proximity to the ocean has the coolest sum-
mer, and the extreme winter temperatures have never reached zero.

EASTERN WASHINGTON.

The records of the United States Weather Bureau concern nearly
forty different stations in eastern Washington for periods of from
one to twenty-three years. Fifteen of these stations lie within the
Upper Sonoran area, the remainder within the Arid Transition. The
Upper Sonoran stations are Ellensburg, Ephrata, Kennewick, Lind,
Mottinger’s Ranch, Moxee, Odessa, South Ellensburg, Sunnyside,

_ Trinidad, Walla Walla, Wenache, and Zindel. The normal annual
mean temperature for the whole region is 48.7°; for the Arid Transi-

tion stations alone it is 45.9°; and for the Upper Sonoran stations it
is 51.3°. .

The normal monthly mean temperatures for the stations located in
the Arid Transition are as follows:

Temperature data for Arid Transition area.

Month. Degrees F. Month. Degrees F.
SRNONIY nee cone: ESTE” NW Dy tee heen cas ceed 62 to 72
BOOTH tome ra LO: Oodily AMS a se 62 to 74
1 REEL PRT oan ae an 3A a 30 to 43 || September_______________ 51 to 68
APE ra Se att oe ke ea ao'b0-52 7 | OctoheratS 2. ase 44 to 55
) CdSe 8 Eee ae hs HPto5osi} Neveniper«—- = 32 to 42
PANE Dons 24s Seca ae 55:40 6D" || December =—_2.-5-___ =. 25 to 36

The highest temperature recorded at these stations is 105°, the
lowest is —32°.

The corresponding data for the stations located in the Upper
Sonoran area are as follows:

Temperature data for Upper Sonoran area.

Month. Degrees F. Month. Degrees F.
A be 1121 in |Add dass Gene ieee ZORD Ls || poe a we oe oe 65 to 77
Menrierys = 2255. 2S Ave sscy 2 LO Sey) PAUeEStse co} ee od 66 to 75
VEST OM a oe oo Sse epee OAS 39 to 49 || September______________-_. 56 to 64
Abi se he ole 2 PORES TO Do OCU DOP ae Soe 36 to 43
NMED Si eo Sess 2 ts ee Ho-t0'Gs”}| INOVermber.. ....-.___.=_- 28 to 38
PUNCs 2. ee a oe Se to-El, 1 December. ==... -=- 47 to 57

The maximum temperature ever observed at any of the above
stations is 113°; the minimum is —30°.

ae CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

As regards temperature, eastern Washington while having a normal
annual mean but slightly lower than that of western Washington,
has much greater extremes, being decidedly colder in winter and
warmer in summer. The Upper Sonoran area as compared with the
Arid Transition is several degrees warmer.

A notable feature of the temperature of Washington, in conformity
with much of the region west of the Rocky Mountains, is the great
variation of temperature between day and night, especially in sum-
mer. It is emphatically a region of cool nights, where one can ap-
preciate blankets at night throughout the year. These cool nights
are least marked in the Upper Sonoran area, and it may, indeed,-be
found that this factor is an important one in limiting the range of
Upper Sonoran plants.

These cool nights naturally indicate late frosts in spring and early
ones in autumn. In western Washington such killing frosts are not
unusual up to April 15, and rarely a month later. Except in the
warmest portions of eastern Washington killing frosts occur not
uncommonly up to June 1, and infrequently three weeks later.

The first autumnal frosts in western Washington occur as early as
the middle of September or as late as the middle of November;
rarely they may be delayed until December. The dates are much the
same for eastern Washington.

WINDS.

The most prevalent winds are from the southeast, and are usually
accompanied by rain. East of the Cascade Mountains they are
known as chinooks. This term is usually applied only to the winds
that blow in the winter months, but there seems no proper reason to
distinguish such from similar winds during the remainder of the
year. The winter chinooks are commonly warm winds, accompanied
or immediately followed-by heavy rains; rarely they are cold and dry.

The wet chinooks are in eastern Washington remarkable chiefly
for the rapid rising of the temperature which they occasion.

These winds are often quite severe. This is particularly true of
the occasional southwest winds which occur in summer, which in
eastern Washington usually assume the form of dust storms. Such
storms may cause much destruction.

The only other winds deserving of special mention are those which
sometimes occur in eastern Washington during the summer months,
blowing from the north or northeast. These winds are gentle but
exceedingly dry, and are therefore capable of causing great damage
to growing crops. For this reason they are much feared in the agri-
cultural districts.

;

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 33
THE ZONAL DISTRIBUTION OF WASHINGTON PLANTS.

That there are physical causes which profoundly influence the dis-
tribution of plants no one who has crossed the State of Washington
from east to west can for a moment question. The contrast between
the treeless bunchgrass prairies and sage plains of eastern Washing-
ton and the luxuriant coniferous forests of western Washington is
too striking to overlook. In this partieular case the principal factor
is one of humidity, the Puget Sound region possessing a notably
moist climate, while that of the Columbia Basin is markedly arid.

A similar change of vegetation may be witnessed in the ascent of
any of our higher mountain peaks. As elevation increases the famil-
iar lowland plants disappear and different ones present themselves,
which in turn give way at high altitudes to still others. The mest
marked of these changes is that where the timber ceases and the
alpine meadows present their charming carpet of flowers. Here the
changes are due manifestly not to differences in humidity, but to les-
sened temperature, a conclusion emphasized by the fact that meny of
these alpine plants are the identical species which occur in arctic
regions.

Heat and moisture are undoubtedly the principal physical factors
upon which the distribution of plants depend. A third factor may
be important, even determinative, namely, the character of the soil,
but this is much less potent than the two above named. In addition
to these physical factors only one other need be considered, the bio-
logical factor of ancestry. In general, plants inhabit the regions
where their ancestors thrived. This factor is usually continental in

its scope; thus cacti and yuccas are confined to America; eucalypti
to Australia, and lilacs to Asia. But in a similar way this same fac-

tor operates over small areas, and it is the principal cause why the
Pacific coast flora as a whole is different from that of the Atlantic.
The existing plants are different because their immediate ancestors
were, whatever factors may have determined that.

It is not to be understood from this that all the plants which for-
merly flourished in Washington have left descendants there. In Ter-
tiary times such plants as palms, cinnamon trees, and sequoias grew
in Washington. Some of these require tropical or subtropical condi-
tions of heat; others, as the sequoias, probably have given way in
competition with more aggressive species. Nevertheless the broad
statement remains true that the present vegetation of tle region owes
its character in large part to similar ancestors. Th2 conditions
which make the Pacific coast the home of many peculiar genera and
species are ancestral. The heat and moisture requirements of these
plants are duplicated in other portions of the earth, where, however,
totally different congeries of species occur.

29418—06 m——3

34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

It is generally admitted that heat is the most potent factor in
determining the distribution of plants, and that in general the old
division into Arctic, Temperate, and Tropical zones approximates the
real truth.. Such zonation, depending on heat, is far more wide-
reaching than one depending mainly on moisture. While the former
gives rise primarily to what we in general know as Arctic or Trop-
ical zones, the factor of moisture determines the opposed conditions
we distinguish as arid and moist. Differences in the heat factor
are universal, resulting in the whole earth being divided into more or
less well-marked zones, corresponding in general with isothermal
lines. Differences in the moisture factor are relatively local, so
that deserts may occur in the midst of the most varied surroundings.

While the larger zones depending on heat are strikingly different,
yet each passes gradually into the contiguous ones. Determination
of such zones is therefore more or less arbitrary. ‘The scheme of life
zones, so far as North America is concerned, that has resulted from
the studies of Merriam has been generally adopted. It is as follows:

Arctic or Arctic-Alpine zone,
Boreal region --/ Hudsonian zone.
Canadian zone.
Alleghenian area.
Transition zone .-------.-~--- Arid Transition area.
Pacific or Humid Transition area.
Austral region.) Upper Austral zone -...--.-- Nee oealn area,
Upper Sonoran area.

Lower Austral zone .....---- iesienes area.
Lower Sonoran area.

Tropicalregion......--. -----+-<ne=0 des 4uakeee eer Tropical area.
Arid Tropical area.

In this scheme zones are.based primarily on the distribution of
plants and animals as determined by the heat factor. The subdi-
vision of the zones or areas depend mainly on the differences due to
the moisture factor. As may readily be imagined, all possible combi-
nations of these two factors occur, so that regions of mixed character
are found wherever zones or areas are contiguous. This overlapping
of contiguous zones that are usually well marked is perhaps more
pronounced in the Pacific northwest than elsewhere in North
America. It has been ascribed to the very equable temperature of
the region. In consequence of this peculiarity the determination of
the life zones in Washington, so as to coordinate them with adjacent
regions, presents unusual difficulties. Six life zones or life areas are
represented, namely, the Arctic, the Hudsonian, the Canadian, the
Humid Transition, the Arid Transition, and the Upper Sonoran.

The first-mentioned zone, the Arctic, is sharply marked, consist-
ing of the alpine flora above timber line, These alpine meadows

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 35

correspond in conditions, and in a large part in species, with the
arctic meadows north of the limit of timber.

The Upper.Sonoran area in eastern Washington is practically coex-
tensive with the distribution of the sagebrush. Agriculturally it
is the region where the commercial growing of peaches and water-
melons is practicable.

The Humid Transition, or Pacific area, includes the great forests
of red fir in western Washington. Other characteristic trees are the
giant cedar, red alder, and Oregon maple.

The Arid Transition area in eastern Washington includes two
subdivisions, a lower one—the bunchgrass prairies, and an upper—
the yellow pine forests.

The Canadian zone has for its most characteristic tree the western
. white pine. Here, too, the lodgepole pine, the western larch, and the
western hemlock are most abundant and best developed.

The Hudsonian is the zone of the subalpine fir, the Alaska cedar,
the black hemlock, and the white-bark pine. At their extreme limits
of altitude all of these become prostrate mats of branches.

These zones are not separated by level altitudinal lines. This may
readily be seen where the Hudsonian and Arctic zones meet. The
trees of the former zone extend up the mountain sides much higher
on the ridges than in the valleys between. The dividing line is thus
a sinuate one. This has been considered by Merriam partly the result
of more and less favorable exposure to the sun’s rays, and partly to air
- currents, the warm currents tending to follow up the steep ridges
while the cold currents flow down in the valleys. Consequently, cer-
tain species ascend highest on the warm ridges, while others descend
farthest in the cool valleys.

Exactly similar conditions, but with the forest line reversed, are
seen at the low altitude timber line of the yellow pine, where this
borders on the bunchgrass prairies. The timber here descends to
much lower altitudes along valleys and draws than on the ridges; or,
what is the converse statement of the same thing, the bunchgrass
flora ascends highest on the warm slope.

The most notable examples of the effect of slope exposure alone
are perhaps seen on high ridges, or in canyons that extend in a gen-
eral east and west direction. For example, Kamiak Butte, a bold
peak in Whitman County, has nearly its entire south exposure cov-
ered by a bunchgrass flora, while the northern slope is densely tim-
bered with yellow pine and other coniferous trees. In canyons of
low altitude the sunny north wall is often timberless, while its shady
south wall is timbered.

The same fact is generally true in the case of high mountain peaks.
The corresponding zones extend relatively higher on the south or
warmer side than on the north or colder side.

36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Making due allowance for the overlapping of the various zones, ~
the following approximations of their altitudinal limits in Washing- -
ton may be made:

Upper Sonoran, 65 to 600 meters (200 to 1,900 feet).
Humid Transition, 0 to 1,200 meters (0 to 3,800 feet).
Arid Transition, 500 to 1,300 meters (1,600 to 4,200 feet).
Canadian, 400 to 1,500 meters (1,400 to 5,000 feet).
Hudsonian, 1,500 to 2,100 meters (5,000 to 7,000 feet).
Arctic, 1,800 to 3,200 meters (6,000 to 10,500 feet)._

UPPER SONORAN LIFE AREA.

This comprises the western or arid portion of the Upper Austral
life zone. It occupies much of the Columbia and Great basins, and
the lower portions of the Great Plains eastward to about the one
hundredth meridian. It also extends southward into Mexico at
increasing elevations along both sides of the Rocky Mountain system.
In Washington the area is confined to that portion east of the Cascade
Mountains below a contour line approximating 360 meters (1,200
feet), but on southerly slopes it may extend up to 510 meters (1,700
feet), or even more.

From an agricultural standpoint this zone is that. in which the
commercial culture of such crops as tomatoes, peaches, apricots, and
watermelons is possible.

In Washington the most conspicuous plant of this zone is the
sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) (Pl. V1). It marks quite sharply
the limits of the Upper Sonoran zone, seldom extending into the zone
above, as it commonly does farther southward. Other characteristic,
if less abundant, shrubs are rabbit brush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus
and C. viscidiflorus), hop sage (G@rayia spinosa), antelope brush
(Kunzia tridentata, locally known as black sage), and, in alkaline
situations, greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus). In a few locali-
ties the sagebrush is absent, but in such cases one or more of the other
characteristic shrubs is sure to be present.

Excepting such species as are confined to the moist ane along
perennial streams, the great majority of the Upper Sonoran plants
are either shrubs or thick-rooted perennial herbs or short-lived
annuals. :

There are in Washington about 500 species of plants which occur
in this life zone. Of this number 248 species occur in no other life
zone—that is, are distinctive. Furthermore, of this last element 39
species are confined in their distribution to the Columbian Basin of
Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, several of them being quite rare
and local.

PLATE VI.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Voi. X!.

SAGEBRUSH PLAINS.

A characteristic view of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in Yakima County.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 37
ORIGIN OF THE UPPER SONORAN FLORA.

Some considerations regarding the origin of the Upper Sonoran
species of the Washington flora seem to justify definite conclusions.
In the geographical history of the Columbia Plains, as above outlined,
there was found, during the existence of Lake John Day in Miocene-
Tertiary time, a rich flora of subtropical aspect. Subsequent to this
time and probably not much prior to the glacial epoch, occurred the
principal uplift of the Cascade Mountains. This undoubtedly
caused profound changes in climatic conditions, particularly to the
eastward of this range, accompanied by correspondingly great
changes in the flora.

Succeeding the uplifting of the Cascade Mountains came the Gla-
cial period. During this period immense changes took place in
western Washington, but there is scarcely a trace of glacial work on
the plain of the Columbia. Nevertheless, in accord with the lower
temperatures there was probably a general southward, migration of
the plants, followed by their return on the retreat of the ice.

Of the changes which have taken place in the flora since the John
Day period to the present time there is no record preserved. In
this enormous lapse of time—perhaps millions of years—a forest
composed of magnolias, elms, sycamores, etc., apparently much like
that of the Lower Mssissippi in the present day, has utterly vanished
and no near relatives remain, either in the same or adjacent territory.

Inasmuch as somewhat similar subtropical forests existed in Mio-
cene time in western Washington, the causes which have led to their
extinction are more profound than such climatic changes as could be
occasioned by the Cascade uplift and are to be sought rather in the
general causes which have lowered the temperatures of the earth’s
surface.

There remains, then, but one source from which light may be
thrown on the present constitution of the flora—namely, its relation
to contiguous floras.

Such considerations naturally focus first on the physical conditions
which most likely prevailed at the close of the last great geological
cataclysm, namely, the Glacial period. The most conspicuous result
of this period of cold is perhaps the large number of Arctic species |
which occur on all the higher peaks of the Cascades or stranded on
isolated mountains, as the Olympics or the Blues—a fact which ap-
pears more striking in mountains farther to the southward. How-
ever slight the effect of the Glacial period may have been in eastern
Washington, it is quite certain that the temperature was such that no
plants adapted to Upper Sonoran conditions could survive. They
were either driven southward, as were the Arctic plants, or else per-
ished. Following the retreat of the ice, the areas that then became

38 CONTRIBUTIGNS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

fitted to support an Upper Sonoran flora could have become inhab-
ited either by the northward extension of already adapted plants, or
by the gradual modification of species of a colder zone, or by both.
The evidence indicates the first method to have been the most potent.

South of the Columbia Basin are two very distinct: floral regions—
namely, California and the Great Basin—divided by the Sierra
Nevada. It is perfectly clear that Upper Sonoran plants of the
Columbia Basin have been derived in part from each of these sources,
assuming that plants which range from California or the Great Basin
into the Columbia Basin originated in the former regions and not
vice versa. This assumption is based on considerations heretofore
discussed.

The prevailing winds of the Columbia Basin are from the south-
west. So pronounced are these winds that they have had considerable
to do with molding the hills in the entire region. Very naturally
plants would migrate quite rapidly with these very constant and at
times severe southwest winds. The natural route of the Californian
plants would be through the low gap in northeastern California
made by the Klamath River and lakes. Some few plants may have
reached the Columbia Basin by way of the Willamette Valley and
the Columbia River, but this, if true, is certainly exceptional, not
only on account of the long distance and moist region through which
these illy adapted plants would have to migrate, but from the actual
fact that few Sonoran plants reach the Willamette Valley, the Rogue
River Mountains in southwest Oregon forming a sharp and effective
- barrier to them, but not to Transition plants.

The following lists of Upper Sonoran plants indicate the relative
importance of the Californian and Great Basin elements in Wash-

ington:

SPECIES OF CALIFORNIA ORIGIN.

Alnus rhombifolia. Oenothera strigulosa.
Aphyllon comosum. Pectocarya setosa.
Blepharipappus glandulosus. Piscaria setigera.
Cryptanthe subglochidiata., Psilocarphus brevissimus.
Hemizonia citriodora. Ranunculus hebecarpus.
Lepidium dictyotum. ~ Rigiopappus leptocladus.
Lupinus microcarpus. Thysanocarpus curvipes.
Microseris linearifolia. Tonella collinsioides.

SPECIES OF GREAT BASIN ORIGIN.
Trees.

Celtis douglasii. Salix amygdaloides.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 39

Shrubs.

Amelanchier utahensis.
Artemisia tridentata.
Artemisia tripartita.
Chrysothamnus nauseosus.
Ericameria nana.
Hriogonum microthecum.
-Eurotia lanata.

Grayia spinosa.

Adenostegia capitata.
Artemisia dracunculoides.
Asclepias mexicana,
Atriplex canescens.
Bergia texana.

Carex douglasii.
Castilleja pallescens.
Chaenactis douglasii.
Chorizanthe watsoni.
Chrysopsis villosa,
Cleome lutea.

Coldenia nuttallii.
Coleosanthus linifolius.
Comandra pallida.
Corispermum hyssopifolium.
Cryptanthe pterocarya.
Dondia depressa.
Brigeron concinnus.
Hrigeron divergens.
Euphorbia glyptosperma.
Gaertneria acanthicarpa.
Gaura parviflora.

Gilia leptomeria.

Gilia parviflora.

Gilia pungens hookeri.
Hymenopappus tenuifolius.
Iva axillaris.

Iva xanthifolia.

Lactuca pulcheltla.
Lappula occidentalis.
Lupinus pusillus.
Mamillaria sp.

Mollugo verticillata.
Monolepis pusilla.
Nicotiana attenuata.

Kunzia tridentata.
Ramona incana.

Rhus glabra occidentalis.
Rhus toxicodendron..
Ribes aurewm.

Ribes cereum.

Sarcobatus vermiculatus. -
Tetradymia canescens.

Oreocarya leucophaea.
Orobanche ludoviciana.
Orogenia linearifolia.
Oxytheca dendroidea.
Pentstemon acuminatus.
Pentstemon deustus.
Pentstemon gairdneri.
Pentstemon glaber.
Phaca inflexa.

Phacelia linearis.

Phlox longifolia.
Phragmites phragmites.
Piptocalyx circumscissa.
Psoralea lanceolata scabra.
Ptiloria paniculata.
Ptiloria tenuifolia.
Rumer venosus.
Schoenocrambe linifolia.
Sitanion hystria.
Solanum triflorum.
Sphaeralcea munroana.
Sporobolus airoides.
Sporobolus asperifolius.
Sporobolus cryptandrus.
Streptanthus longirostris.
Stipa bloomeri.

Stipa comata.

Stipa occidentalis.

Stipa thurberiana.
Thelypodium integrifolium.
Thelypodium laciniatum.
Thelypodium nuttallii.
Trifolium megacephalun.
Zygadenus paniculatus.

From the foregoing lists it is evident that the greater portion of
the Upper Sonoran flora in Washington is of Great Basin origin.
The comparatively small proportion of Californian species is prob-
ably due partly to the barriers through which few plants of this zone

40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

have succeeded in passing. This is indicated by the fact that a much
larger proportional number of Arid Transition plants have fouud
their way from California into the Columbia Basin, as hereafter
shown.

There is a third element, however, in the make-up of the Upper
Sonoran flora of Washington, namely, those species which seem to
have originated in the Columbia Basin, or at least are not known
elsewhere.

SPECIES PECULIAR TO THE COLUMBIA BASIN,

.

Abronia mellifera. Lomatium geyeri.
Antennaria flagellaris. Oreocarya celosioides.
Arabis whitedii. Oreocarya spiculifera.
Arenaria franklinit. . Pentstemon glandulosus.
Claytonia arenicola, Pentstemon pruinosus. ~
Conanthus parviflorus. Phaca collina.

Eragrostis lutescens. Phaca diphysa.

Erigeron curvifolius, - Phaca lyallii.

EBrigeron filifolius. Phaca misella,

Erigeron linearis. Phaca reventa.

Erigeron poliospermus. Phaca sclerocarpa.
Briogonum niveum. Phaca sinuata.

EBriogonum proliferum. Phaca speirocarpa.
Erysimum occidentale. Phacelia lenta.

Gilia leptomeria. Pteryxia terevinthina.
Helianthus cusickii. Talinum spinescens.
Lappula arida. Thelypodium. streptanthoides.
Lappula ciliata. Tonella floribunda,
Leptotaenia purpurea. Townsendia florifer.
Leptotaenia salmoniflora. Trifolium megacephalun.
Lesquerella douglasii. Viola trinervata.

HUMID TRANSITION AREA.

The Pacific coast region west of the Cascade Mountains in British
Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northwestern California, is
notable for its moist climate and equable temperature no less than
for the very luxuriant forests which these conditions foster. This
region has sometimes been referred to as the Northwest Coast Strip,
an unfortunate name, as the term “ Northwest ” has been used in too
many senses to give it accuracy. Adopting a suggestion of Mr. D. A.
Brodie, the term Vancouver Strip is here given to the region, for
which it is desirable to have a definite name in conformity with the
remarkably uniform flora and fauna which it possesses. The name
above suggested commemorates the name of the navigator who first
thoroughly explored the region and whose name has there bes
attached to the largest island and to two important towns.

Much the greater portion of the Vancouver Strip belongs to the
Pacific or Humid Transition area. The most characteristic tree is

4
a
x
i,
E
3

=a

«Pw hae ag

» th

PLATE VII.

k are cedar (Thuja

ervice.

rie Ee
Spe,

2 smaller trees with smooth bar

eproduced by courtesy of the Forest S

<
ke
<
Fa
fe)
cc
12)
>
=
<
9
=
n
ke
3°
a
=
Ww
nD
ou

ree County.
R

FOREST OF RED FIR

plicata).

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.
View near Longmire, Pie

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. PLATE VIII.

ate
is

io

RN va -

CHARACTERISTIC VIEW IN A MOIST FOREST.

Near Elbe, Pierce County. The white trunks are alder (Alnus oregona) and the large-leaved

shrub is devil’s club (Echinopanax horridum). In the background are hemlocks (Tsuga
heterophylla). Reproduced by courtesy of the Forest Service.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 41

the red fir (Psevdotsuga mucronata) which in the Puget Sound region

often makes up over 90 per cent of the forest over large areas (PI.
VII), and up to an altitude of 1,000 meters seldom forms a smaller
element of the total forest than 60 per cent. Nearly all of western
Washington below the altitude mentioned possesses this character-
istic red fir type of vegetation, except a narrow strip along the
Pacific Ocean. Here the Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) becomes
the dominant tree, making up from 25 to 75 per cent of the forest,
while the red fir falls to 10 per cent or less. This narrow strip has
been considered as belonging to the next higher zone, the Canadian,
but for reasons hereafter expressed we would include it in the Humid
Transition.

The principal features of the vegetation of western Washington
may be discussed under the three heads of the principal types of soils,
namely, the Uplands, the Bottom Lands, and the Gravelly Prairies.
Plant associations of lesser importance, but of marked character, are
those of the seashores and of sphagnum bogs.

UPLANDS.

The vegetation of the uplands throughout the Pacific area in
Washington is a plant association in which the red fir predominates.
The size of this tree and the luxuriance of the associated plants
varies with the character of the soil, but otherwise the formation is
remarkably uniform. In forests in dry or sterile soils the commonest
undershrubs are salal (Gaultheria shallon) and Oregon grape (Ber-
beris nervosa), while the bracken fern (Pteridiwm)is the most con-
spicuous herb. Shrubs or trees of Scouler willow (Salix scouleriana)
are also constantly associated.

In better soils the same shrubs remain, but the salal especially
becomes much more luxuriant, often forming almost impenetrable
thickets. When, however, the red fir is at its best, forming dense
forests into which the sun scarcely penetrates (Pl. VIII) the salal
and Oregon grape are usually much less conspicuous. Under such
circumstances the ground is covered with a thick layer of mosses and
scattered crowns of Chamisso’s shield fern (Polystichum munitum).
Among the few shrubs which thrive in such dense shade is the red
huckleberry (Vaccinium parvifolium). Following the destruction
of a red fir forest by logging and subsequent burning, as has been too
commonly the case, there is a marked sequence in the plants that
appear, usually. as follows: The first are nearly always the fireweed
(Epilobium spicatum) and the bracken (Pteridium). These are
closely followed by the dewberry (Rubus macropetalus) which the
following year fruits heavily and then gradually disappears. The
thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus) is often abundant also, as is red-

42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

flowered currant (Ribes sanguineum). By this time the Scouler wil-
low is conspicuous, and in wet places the red alder (Alnus oregana).
These two trees dominate the vegetation until the young red firs
which spring up in a very dense growth have become large enough
to supersede them. The red fir is so completely the dominant tree
in the region that as a rule it quickly reforests itself whenever
destroyed.
BOTTOM LANDS.

The bottom lands of western Washington are mainly river valleys.
Less commonly they occur about lake borders or form marshes. The
commonest type of forest covering is a red alder and giant cedar asso-
ciation, which, however, is seldom pure. Rarely either one of these
trees may occupy the ground exclusively. Usually, however, there are
associated various other trees, as white fir (Abies grandis), large-
leaved maple (Acer macrophyllum), Oregon ash (Fravinus oregana),

and cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa.) The cottonwood often forms —
groves of pure growth in the river valleys, and the maple does so

occasionally. Moisture of the soil is apparently the one factor that
favors the red alder-cedar association, which is quite as common on
springy hillsides and upland swamps as in river valleys. Where the
amount of soil moisture is not too great the red fir occurs sparingly,
but the individuals are often of gigantic size. In bottom lands that
are excessively wet, the alder is absent and often the cedar also. Such
lands commonly are covered by dense thickets composed of various
species of willows, western cornel (Cornus occidentalis), crabapple
(Pyrus diversifolia), and vine maple (Acer circinatum). These same
species form the usual fringe along the banks of small streams flow-
ing through the forest, especially the cornel and the vine maple. In

such situations occur also various shrubs, as the devil’s club (Zchino-

panax horridum) which, contrary to the oft-told tale, seldom forms
dense thickets, the salmon berry (Rubus spectabilis) , the fetid currant
(Libes bracteosum), and the red-berried elder (Sambucus callicarpa).

GRAVELLY PRAIRIES.

The soil of these prairies, which are comparatively limited in
extent, consists mainly of fine water-worn gravel, the pebbles mak-
ing up perhaps 50 per cent, or more, of the soil. The prairies com-
monly present the appearance of a sterile pasture (Pl. IX) with seat-
tered oaks (Quercus garryana) here and there, and occasional beauti-
fully symmetrical young trees of red fir. At the edges of the prairie,
where the gravelly soil ceases, a dense forest of red fir usually occu-
pies the ground, the gravelly prairie soil serving as an almost perfect
barrier to this tree. In a few localities, where the gravelly soil
merges gradually into the ordinary loams or clays of the region, the

2 pce ANY Siang! ert a

PLATE IX.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

PASTURE-LIKE GRAVELLY PRAIRIES IN PIERCE COUNTY.

The trees are young examples of the Pacific post oak (Quercus garryana).

a a -
ne

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

PEATE: X;

LUPINE (LUPINUS RIVULARIS) ON THE GRAVELLY PRAIRIES IN PIERCE COUNTY.

——oEEO

err

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE. OF WASHINGTON. 43

black pine (Pinus contorta) disputes the ground with the red fir.
Until the middle of July these prairies are carpeted with flowers
(Pl. X). After this time they present a distinctly arid appearance.

The flora consists of a considerable number of species which, so
far as ‘Washington and Oregon are concerned, do not occur ae
where, though most of them range into California. Among them
are the following:

Arenaria tenella. Lupinus lepidus.
Dodecatheon latifolium. Microseris laciniata.
Erythronium giganteumn. e Orthocarpus attenuatus.
Gilia tenella. Platystigma oreganun.
Godetia amoena. Ranunculus orthorhynchus.
Godetia quadrivulnera. - Senecio fastigiata.
Grindelia integrifolia. Sericocarpus rigidus.
Hemizonella durandi. Solidago tolmieana,
Hookera coronata. Synthyris rotundifolia.
Hookera pulchella. Trifolium halilii.
Hosackia gracilis. Trifolium tridentatum.
Tris tenax. Valerianella congesta.
Lomatium utriculatum. Viola howellii.
. Lupinus albicaulis.

A much larger number of species, however, recur in the Arid
Transition area east of the Cascade Mountains. Nearly all of these
species are limited to the Pacific coast, ranging from California
northward to British Columbia on both sides of the Cascade Moun-
tains. Here, as in the case of the Upper Sonoran species of Califor-
nia origin, there is good reason to believe that most of the species
reached the Columbia Basin through the Klamath Gap. Character-
istic examples are the following:

ea

Agoseris heterophylla.
Alchemilla occidentalis.
Alsine nitens.
Antennaria howellii.
Athysanus pusillus.

Balsamorhiza balsamorhiza.

Balsamorhiza deltoidea.
Boisduvatia stricta.
Carum gairdneri.
Caucalis microcarpa. ©
Ceanothus sanguineus.
Collinsia grandiflora.
Crocidium multicaule.
EBriocephalum lanatum.
Erigeron speciosus.
Gilia capitata.

Gilia gracilis.

Githopsis specularioides.

Heterocodon rariflorum.
Heuchera cylindrica.
Hieraciwm scouleri.

Hookera hyacinthina.
Hosackia decumbens.
Lomatium nudicaule.
Lomatium triternatum.
Micrampelis oregana.
Navarretia intertexta.
Pectocarya penicillata.
Pinus ponderosa.
Polemonium micranthum.
Prunus demissa.
Psilocarphus elatior.
Quercus garryanda,
Sedum douglasii.
Sidalcea campestris.
Silene menziesii.
Sisyrinchium grandiflorum.
Tellima parviflora.
Thysanocarpus curvipes.
Tonella collinsioides.
Zygadenus venenosus.

44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

A third series of species, few in number, presents a puzzling prob-
Iem. It consists of Arid Transition plants common enough east, of
the Cascade Mountains, which are known to occur west of these moun-
tains only on Whidby Island, or, in a few cases, on neighboring
islands. They deserve particular mention.

Sieversia ciliata is abundant east of the Cascades, ranging as a
common plant to Minnesota and Nebraska, and as a rarity even to
New England. West of the Cascades it is known only from the
prairies a Whidby Island.

Aphyllon comosum, a parasit® on various asteraceous plants, is not
rare in eastern Washington, and ranges east of the Cascades to Cali-
fornia. It has also been found on Whidby and San Juan islands on
Grindelia.

Polemonium micranthum and Lupinus microcarpus, both on
Whidby Island, together with Platyspermum scapigerum, Aster con-
spicuus, and Scutellaria angustifolia, known from Vancouver Island,
are cases practically parallel to that of Aphyllon comosum.

Tris missouriensis is abundant east of the Cascades, ranging to
Dakota and Nebraska. Its station near Coupeville is the only one
known in the Vancouver strip.

Juniperus scopulorum, which crosses the Cascades to reappear in
Island and San Juan counties, is a somewhat similar case.

There needs to be mentioned also the only cactus that oceurs in the
Vancouver strip, Opuntia polyacantha borealis, confined to the island
in the northern part of Puget Sound.

Only one physical factor presents itself which may explain these
strange cases, namely, the fact that these islands lie in the lee of the
Olympic Mountains, and therefore have a lesser rainfall, as may be
seen by comparison with the rainfall map. The conditions, therefore,
more nearly approximate those of the Arid Transition area than any
other portion of Washington west of the Cascade Mountains. But,
admitting this to be true, it is difficult to see how these species could
have crossed the barrier of the Cascade Mountains. The only other
alternative would seem to be that these species once occupied much of
the Vancouver strip, and have persisted northward only in this some-
what drier region of Whidby and adjacent islands.

The case of a few Vancouver Island plants, like Zilaea subulata,
Festuca reflexa, and Microseris bigelovii, not otherwise known north
of Oregon, and especially the cases of Baeria gracilis and Allocarya
chorisiana, which leap from California to Vancouver, seem, however,
to lend weight to the latter hypothesis.

Ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 45

SEASHORES.

Immediate proximity to the sea furnishes conditions that support
a strip of vegetation consisting of few but very characteristic species.
On the Washington coast there are two marked formations—the sand
dunes and the salt marshes. .

Typical sand dunes are ‘confined to the ocean coast, not occurring
on Puget Sound. The important sand-loving plants are:

ieee

Pea 5

Abronia latifolia. Lathyrus littoralis.
Abronia umbellata. Lupinus littoralis.
Carex macrocephala Poa macrantha,
Glehnia littoralis. Tanacetum huronense.

Less abundant, but not less characteristic, are:

- Agoseris maritima. Pentacaena ramosissima.
Carex pansa. Poa confinis.
Gaertneria chamissonis. Polygonum paronychia,
Juncus lescurii. Sanicula howellii.

In the lee of the dunes or on shores where the sand does not drift
there is often a strip of black pine (Pinus contorta), forming dense
thickets, the trees seldom over 30 feet high. Where not timbered
various species adapted to campestrine conditions abound, but few of
them are confined to the seashore. Such are:

Argentina anserina. Fragaria chiloensis.
Carduus edulis. Trifolium wormskioldii.
Cerastium arvense. Viola adunca.

Festuca rubra.

Intermediate in character between these meadowy beaches and sand
dunes are sand spits and high, sandy ‘beaches. These maintain, in
consequence, a rather mixed flora.

Salt or brackish marshes are most commonly found on low shores,
especially near the mouths of streams, where they are at least occa-
sionally covered by high tides. They often occur also-behind high
sea beaches. Most of the plants are those which love a saline soil.
The most characteristic are saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) and glass-
wort (Salicornia ambigua), the latter often infested with a dodder
(Cuscuta squamigera) .

A portion of the plants found in these seashore marshes are con-
fined to the immediate proximity of the sea. Such are:

Ammodenia peploides. ~ Jaumea carnosa.

Atriplex littoralis. Lathyrus maritimus.
Carex cryptocarpa. Orthocarpus castilleioides.
Coelopleurum maritimum. Sidalcea hendersoni.
Conioselinum fischeri. Tissa marina.

Others occur also in alkaline marshes in the interior, such as Juncus
balticus, Glaux maritima, and Triglochin maritimum.

46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

A few other species exhibit a marked predilection for proximity to
the sea without being apparently either sand-loving or salt-loving
plants. Such are:

Artemisia suksdorfii. Poa pachypholis.
Calamagrostis aleutica. Polypodium scouleri.
Hydastylus borealis. Salix hookeriana.
Hydastylus brachypus. NSelaginella struthioloides.

In addition to these the marine aquatic genera Zostera and Phyl-
lospadix deserve mention as our only genera of flowering plants
found in the ocean. The related Ruppia maritima occurs in brackish
waters. r

SPHAGNUM BOGS,

Sphagnum bogs are quite common throughout western Washington.
The usual shrubs are Labrador tea (Ledum latifolium), laurel (dal-
mia glauca), and cranberry (Oawycoceus oxycoccus intermedius).
Usually a willow (Salix myrtilloides), sweet gale (Myrica gale), and
a dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) are present also. On the drier
hummocks small hemlocks (7'suga heterophylla) often occur, and in
similar situations one is often surprised to find the black pine (Pinus
contorta), typically a plant of barren, gravelly or sandy soil.

The more interesting and characteristic herbs are sundew (Drosera
rotundifolia), cotton-grass (Eriophorum russeolum), Scheuchzeria
palustris, and Juncus oregana.

In the bogs near the ocean coast Ledum columbianum and. Myrica
californica replace their two close relatives.

THE COASTAL STRIP.

One other important forest association of Washington, namely, the
tideland or Sitka spruce forests, in immediate proximity to the Pacific
Ocean, is perhaps best classed as Humid Transition zone rather than
otherwise. The facts in the distribution of this species are peculiar.
It is the dominant tree, forming over 50 per cent of the forest strip,
along the coast from middle Oregon northward to Kadiak Island,
beyond which all timber ceases, and the flora becomes almost that of
the Artic Zone. Therefore we have this one species of tree dominat-
ing a continuous stretch of sea level, from the Arctic Zone to the
Humid Transition, through both the Hudsonian and the Canadian
zones. In the north the Sitka spruce forests end sharply with the
arctic meadows. In the south they merge imperceptibly with the —
red-fir forests. This enormous stretch of a single species at sea level
is probably due to the remarkably equable temperature and great
humidity of the immediate seacoast.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 47

That this strip of Sitka spruce should be considered Humid Tran-
sition rather than Canadian or Hudsonian is open to question.
Accompanying the spruce throughout all or nearly all of its range,
are some other plants, such as /bes laxiflorum, Moneses uniflora,
Menziesia ferruginea, Cornus canadensis, and Viola glabella, which
in the Cascade Mountains ocair mainly or only in the Canadian or
Hudsonian zones. .

On the other hand, it is very evident that the great majority of
the plants in the Sitka spruce forests of Washington are truly Tran-
sition plants. Indeed, some of the most characteristic of the under-
shrubs of the red-fir forests are even more luxuriantly developed
in the spruce forests, such as the salal (Gaultheria shallon), ©
huckleberry (Vaccinium parvifolium), and the evergreen huckleberry
(V. ovatum). Some others, as the salmon berry (Rubus spectabilis)
and the devil’s club (4chinopanaw horrida), accompany the spruce
throughout nearly all of its range, and likewise occur in the Cascade
Mountains far above it in altitude.

Other facts of plant distribution also bear out the conclusion that
the mixed floral character of the ocean coast is due to the remarkably
equable temperature. One of these is the fact that a number of Alas-
kan plants foliow down the coast with the spruce, but do not follow
down the mountain ranges. Such are the marsh plants Viola langs-
dorfii, Nephrophyllidium crista-galli, and Caltha asarifolia; the
dune plants, Carex macrocephala, and Glehnia littoralis; and Cala-
magrostis aleutica, Coelopleurum gmelini, which on the Washington
coast splits into two supposedly different species, Carew cryptocarpa,
Conioselinum fischeri, and Ammodenia peploides.

On the other hand, the northward extension of various Californian
coastal plants overlaps the southward extension of these Alaskan
species. Among these are Abronia latifolia and A. umbellata,
Angelica hendersoni, Gaertneria chamissonis, Myrica californica,
and Pentacaena ramosissima.

Perhaps, too, the peculiar conditions of this coastal strip may aid
in explaining the local abundance of Pinus contorta, which otherwise
reappears principally in the lodge-pole forests of the Canadian zone.

The zonal position of the Sitka spruce itself is a difficult matter to
decide. Undoubtedly it reaches its greatest development as to size
on the Washington and Oregon coasts, but on the Alaska coast it
reaches its greatest development as regards number of individuals
and domination of the forest.

ARID TRANSITION AREA.

In Washington this is confined entirely to the eastern portion,
except, perhaps, a few limited localities west, of the Cascades, here-

48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

sions. The lower subdivision is grass-covered and lies immediately

above the zone of the sagebrush. ‘The conspicuously abundant plants
are bunchgrass (Agropyron spicatum) and a June grass (Poa sand-
bergii). Indeed, these areas are often called bunchgrass prairies.

They constitute the most extensive and valuable lands of the Colum-

bia Basin, and consist entirely of basaltic soil, except in a few
gravelly valleys of glacial origin. The upper subdivision is covered
by a forest of yellow pine. This grows mostly.on soils of granitic
origin above the level of the Columbia lava.

Ps THE BUNCHGRASS PRAIRIES.
These constitute a belt of varying width lying between the zone
of sagebrush below and that of yellow pine above.. Altitudinally
they lie between 500 and 800 meters. The bunchgrass prairies are
best developed in extreme eastern Washington, there constituting the
rolling hills known as the Palouse and Walla Walla regions. In
the so-called “ Big Bend Country ” of Lincoln and Douglas counties
the prairies are very similar, but less rolling. In Yakima and Klicki-
tat counties the bunchgrass lands are confined to the high plateaus,
known as the Rattlesnake Mountains and Horse Heaven (PI. XI).
On the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains they are limited in
extent.

The basaltic soil of these prairies where the rainfall is compara-
tively large is a black clay loam, perfectly free from grit. The
subsoil is similar, but yellowish in color. These soils have originated
wholly from the decomposition of basalt in place, and vary from a
few inches to 50 feet or more in depth. Owing to the prevailing
southwest winds the hills have, as a rule, much steeper north and

northeast slopes, on which the accumulated soil is unusually fine and

deep. These moister “north hillsides” support a vegetation much
like the narrow vales or draws between the hills.

In regions of decreasingly less rainfall there is a correspondingly
smaller degree of disintegration of the basaltic rock, which indeed
often crops out upon the surface. Such rocky lands are locally
called “scab” or “scablands.” The lie for the most part between
the typical bunchgrass prairies and the sagebrush plains, but possess
in the main the flora of the former.

The bunchgrass prairies (Pl. XII) are treeless, and excepting along —

streams and by springs, or on north hillsides, shrubs are rarely seen.
Of the herbaceous vegetation, apart from the grasses, the most con-
spicuous plants are the lupines (Lupinus ornatus, L. sericeus, and L.
wyethii), often very abundant; the sunflowers (Balsamorhiza sagit-
tata and Helianthella douglasii), Gaillardia aristata, Geranium inci-
sum, and Leptotaenia multifida. In moister places lris missouriensis

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI, PL x]
ATE ‘

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PLATE XII.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

RANGE LANDS NEAR WHITE STONE LakE, OKANOGAN COUNTY.

The conspicuous plants are yarrow (Achillea lanulosa) and scattered individuals of a sagebrush (Artemisia tripartita).

PLATE XIII...

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

(BIVJUOPL] BISIMI9ITY ) YSMiqoses JO YIMOLS ONSHO}VRIVYY OY] SB [LAA SU ‘UAOYUS ST

2 6

YVOIUIL ,, OUT,

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 49

and the “black sunflower” (Wyethia amplexicaulis) often occupy
large areas in nearly pure growths.

Along the streams and by springs willows of several species, to-
gether with a thorn (Crataegus brevispina) form thick copses. Occa-
sionally aspens (Populus tremuloides) and cottonwood (P. tricho-
carpa) form groves. The commoner undershrubs are snowberry
(Symphoricarpos racemosus) , roses (Rosa nutkanaand FR. pisocarpa) ,
and gooseberries (bes inerme and RF. irriguum). Intermingled
with these are other shrubs of less importance. Occasionally, how-
ever, the birch (Betula microphylla) is the most abundant shrub.
The accompanying herbaceous vegetation is richer and more varied
than on the hills, but the individuals are relatively less abundant.

Among the more conspicuous are:

Castilleja miniata. Solidago scrotina.
Clematis hirsutissima. Urtica lyallii.
Heracleum lanatum. Urtica holosericea.
Lupinus leucophyllus. Valeriana ceratophylla.
Sidalcea oregana, ’ Veratrum californicum.

The north hillsides flora consists mainly of plants found in the
“ draws,” though there are several species which, while not entirely
confined to the north hillsides, flourish there especially well. Such
are the adder’s tongue (Zrythronium grandiflorum), blueberry (Vac-
cinium cespitosum), Trillium petiolatum, and Capnorea villosula.

The scablands, which as before stated lie mainly between the zone
of sagebrush and that of bunchgrass, possess in large part the flora
of the latter. A few species, however, are quite characteristic of
these basaltic outcroppings. One of these is a service-berry (Amelan-
chier cusickti) which often occurs in the cracks of basalt crags. The
rock-rose or bitterroot (Lewisia rediviva) occurs abundantly in the
crevices of “scab,” making a brave show with its beautiful rose-
colored flowers. Where a thin soil is formed, the scabland sagebrush
(Artemisia rigida) often occurs in considerable areas. Other plants
usually found only in scablands are:

Arabis cusickii. Lomatium grayi.
Eriogonum thymoides. Lomatium macrocarpum.
Lomatium canbyi. Talinum spinescens.
Lomatium farinosum, Viola trinervata.

The conspicuous basaltic outcroppings along canyons and coulees
are locally known as “ rimrock.” The rimrock flora is in general the
same as that of scablands of similar elevation. (Pl. XIII.)

29418—06 m——4

50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
THE YELLOW PINE FORESTS.

The. yellow pine belt in eastern Washington lies between the alti-
tudes of 550 and 1,000 meters (1,800 and 3,300 feet). In places the
characteristic tree, the yellow or bull pine (Pinus ponderosa), de-
scends nearly to sea level, as along the Columbia River, and specimens
of the trees are occasionally found at 1,800 meters (6,000 feet) alti-
tude. This tree exhibits a marked predilection for soils of granitic
origin, and whenever such soil is found, even if completely isolated,
the yellow pine is quite sure to occur. The zonal distribution of the
tree is not primarily due, however, to a soil factor. The raised dome
of the northern portion of the Blue Mountains, wholly basaltic, is tim-
bered with this tree. Likewise narrow tongues of the Columbia
basalt of the usual elevation, 600 to 750 meters (2,000 to 2,500 feet),
extending into Idaho between the flanks of granitic mountains, are
covered with yellow pine forests. Nevertheiess, it is apparent that
this tree encroaches on the clayey basaltic soils with difficulty.
Whether this is owing to the ‘inability of the seedlings to struggle
with the herbaceous vegetation or to a lack of adaptation to the soil
itself, or to some other factor, remains to be determined. From the
fact that the yellow pine establishes itself on basaltic clay soils under
favorable conditions of moisture and temperature, as in the Blue
Mountains, or of the shading and abundant seeding that the sur-
rounding forests provide in western Idaho, it is evident that the soil
factor is not the only one that has prevented the spread of the pine
forest. |

Yellow pine forests (Pls. XIV, XV), where pure, are open in char-
acter, and marked by the relatively small amount of forest litter.
There is a rather scattered growth of various shrubs, consisting of

_ninebark (Opulaster pauciflorus, buckbrush (Ceanothus sanguineus),
and rose (Rosa gymnocarpa). At a somewhat higher altitude where
the yellow pine is at its best, the commonest undershrub is the huckle-
berry (Vaccinium macrophyllum). Where such forests are more
open the most abundant plant is often the pinegrass (Calamagrostis
suksdorfit) .

Yellow pine forests are, however, seldom pure, except at low alti-
tudes in rather dry soil. In the moister situations afforded by higher
altitude, shaded slopes, or valleys, the yellow pine is usually mixed
with red fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata) in varying proportions. In-
deed, as the moisture becomes greater the proportion of the red fir
increases until it becomes the predominating tree. The increasing
proportion of red fir is usually accompanied by a proportional in-
crease in the density of the forest and the amount of litter. Shrubs,

too, become more abundant both in species and individuals, and

under favorable circumstances, as in old burns, some of them, espe-

7

htc iets Ga pastes

Ail

PLATE XIV.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

FOREST OF YELLOW PINE (PINUS PONDEROSA).

On the eastern slope ot the Blue Mountains, south of the Oregon line.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. PLATE XV.

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. D1

cially sticky laurel (Ceanothus velutinus) and thimbleberry (Rubus
parviflorus), form dense thickets.

Such Arid Transition forests, in which the red fir becomes the most
abundant tree, resemble very closely the Humid Transition forests
of western Washington. Indeed, they are intermediate in character
vetween the two, merging at lower altitudes into the ordinary yellow
pine forests, and at higher altitudes into the Canadian or white pine
zone. Inasmuch as the Canadian and higher zones in the Bitterroot
Mountains have a flora very similar to that of the Cascade Mountains,
it is not surprising that the higher and moister portion of the Arid
Transition shows a like similarity. —

ORIGIN OF THE ARID TRANSITION FLORA.

The Arid Transition flora, like the Upper Sonoran, is clearly made
up for the most part of three sets of species. These may be denomi-
nated the Californian element, consisting of plants which have
migrated from California; the Rocky Mountain element, species
whose distribution is easterly and southerly from the region here
considered ; and the Columbian element, those species which are con-
fined to the Columbia Basin and have in all probability originated
there.

THE CALIFORNIA ELEMENT.

This consists of species which range from California through the
iow passes in the Klamath region into the Columbia Basin. <A large
number of the species range also into the Willamette Valley on the
west side of the Cascade Mountains, most of these also reaching the
gravelly prairies of western Washington. These species have been
discussed in connection with the Humid Transition area. The fol-
lowing list is composed of species confined to the Arid Transition area
east of the Cascade Mountains:

Agoseris grandiflora.
Agoseris retrorsa.
Alopecurus californicus.
Amsinckia intermedia.
Arabis subvillosa.
Arenaria pusilla.
Calandrinia menziesii.
Calochortus macrocarpus.
Ceanothus prostratus.
Clarkia rhomboidea,
Cuscuta californica.
Deschampsia calycina.
Elatine californica.
Hriogonum sphaerocephalum,
Eryngium articulatum.
Festuca confusa,

Festuca pacifica.
Frasera nitida.

Gilia harknessii.
Lagophylla ramosissima,
Lepidium nitidum.
Linum digynun.
Lomatium piperi.
Melica fuga.
Merathrepta californica.
Microseris nutans.
Mimulus pulsiferae.
Orthocarpus hispidus.
Orthocarpus tenuifolius.
Pectocarya penicillata.
Pectocarya pusilla.
Plagiobothrys tenellus.

~

52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Polygonum greenei. Trifolium ciliolatum,
Polygonum parryi. Trifolium cyathiferum. *
Ptilocalais. nutans. Urtica holosericea,
Ptilonella scabra. Valerianella macrocera.
Scribneria bolanderi. Veratrum californicum.
Scutellaria angustifolia. Wyethia angustifolia.
Sidalcea oregana,. Zygadenus venenosus.

Trichostema oblongum,

THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELEMENT.

This consists of species which range from the foothills of the Rocky
Mountains and related chains northward or northwestward into the
Columbia Basin. Their number is much less than those of California
origin. Among them are the following:

Adenostegia capitata. Lithospermum pilosum.
Agoseris glauca. Lomatium ambiguum.
Antennaria dimorpha. Lomatium grayi.
Arabis holboelii. Lupinus leucophyllus.
Artemisia dracunculoides. Lycopus lucidus,
Cercocarpus ledifolius. Monolepis nuttalliana.
Cornus stolonifera. Opulaster pauciflorus.
Disporum majus. Orthocarpus luteus.
Erigeron corymbosus. Ranunculus glaberrimus.
EBriogonum elatum. Senecio serra.
Eriogonum heracleoides. Silene menziesii,
Frasera speciosa, Solidago missouriensis.
Fritillaria pudica. Steironema ciliatwm.
Gaillardia aristata, Synthyris rubra.
Galium asperrimum. Tellima tenella. .

Gilia aggregata, Thermopsis montana,
Gratiola virginiana. Valeriana ceratophylla.
Hookera douglqsii. Wyethia amplexicaulis.

THE COLUMBIA BASIN ELEMENT.

Considering the recent geological origin of the Columbia Basin,
the number of species peculiar to it both in the Upper Sonoran and
Arid Transition areas is remarkably large. The number would be
greatly increased by including Oregon forms that do not cross the
Columbia River. The Arid Transition species are as follows:

Allium douglasii. Claytonia dichotoma.
Amelanchier basalticola. Eriogonum thymoides.
Antennaria geyeri. Frasera albicaulis.

~ Antennaria stenophylla. Helianthella douglasii.
Arabis cusickii. Lomatium canbyi.
Artemisia rigida. Lomatium cous.
Boisduvalia glabella. Lomatium farinosum.
Castilleja camporum. Lomatium gormani.
Castilleja lutescens. Lomatium watsoni.

Clarkia pulchella. Orthocarpus barbatus.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 03

Parrya menziesii. Platyspermum scapigerum.
Pentstemon attenuatus. Polygonum polygaloides.
Pentstemon pinetorum. Ranunculus triternatus.
Pentstemon richardsonii. ; Silene spaldingii.

Pentstemon triphyllus. Sphaeralcea longisepala.
Phaca arrecta. Trifolium douglasii.

Phaca conjuncta. Trillium petiolatum.
Phaca spaldingii. Viola trinervata.

Physaria geyeri.
COMPARISON OF THE HUMID AND ARID TRANSITION FLORAS.

As before stated, the Cascade Mountains form a sharp and efficient
barrier between the areas of the Transition zone. The Humid Transi-
tion does not cease abruptly with the crest of the Cascade Mountains,
but many species descend for some distance on the eastern slope, at
lower altitudes becoming mixed indiscriminately with Arid Transi-
tion plants.

In the moisture portions of the western slopes of the Bitterroots
and in the Blue Mountains the climatic conditions approach those of
western Washington. It is therefore not surprising that in the
moister portions of the yellow pine subarea in western Idaho a great
_ many of the Humid Transition plants of western Washington reap-

pear. Indeed at least one-half of the species are thus common, and
it is therefore largely an arbitrary matter to class the one as Humid |
Transition, the other as Arid.

The complex nature of the problem is realized, however, when we

consider the remaining species. They may be thus grouped: First,
those that occur in the Vancouver strip, but not in North Idaho; sec-
ond, those that occur in Idaho, but not in the Vancouver strip, and
third, those that are abundant in Idaho, but very rare in the latter
area. The following tables bring out clearly the relative importance
of these elements:

PLANTS EQUALLY COMMON IN THE HUMID TRANSITION AREA OF THE VANCOUVER
STRIP AND THE MOISTER PORTION OF THE YELLOW PINE SUBAREA IN NORTH IDAHO.

Trees.
Abies grandis. Rhamnus purshiana.,
Acer douglasii. Saliz scouleriana.
Pinus contorta. Tuxus brevifolia.
Pinus monticola. Thuya plicata,
Populus trichocarpa. Tsuga mertensiana.

Pseudotsuga mucronata.

o4

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Alnus sinuata.
Amelanchier florida.
Ceanothus sanguineus.
Ceanothus veluiinus.
Chimaphila umbellata.
Linnaea americana,
Lonicera involucrata,
Menziesia ferruginea,
Opulaster opulifolius.

Actaea arguta.
Adenocaulon bicolor.
Alsine crispa.

Alsine longipes.
Antennaria howellii.
Aquilegia formosa.
Asarum caudatum,
Asplenium cyclosorum,
Carduus edulis.

Carex amplifolia.
Carex stipata.
Cephalanthera austinae.
Cinna pendula.
Circaea pacifica.
Cytherea bulbosa.
Dryopteris dilatata.
Festuca occidentalis.
Festuca subulata.

* Galium trifidum.
Geum macrophyllum.
Gilia capitata.
Hieracium albiflorum.
Lactuca spicata.

Lysichiton kamtschatcensis.

Shrubs.

Herbs.

Pachystima myrsinites.
Ribes lacustre.

Rosa gymnocarpa,

Rubus leucodermis.
Rubus parviflorus,

Salix cordata.
Schizonotus discolor.
Vaccinium macrophyllum,

Melica subulata.
Micromeria chamissonis.
Mimulus moschatus.
Ophrys cordata.
Panicularia pauciflora,
Peramium menziesii.
Pteridium aquilinum pubes-
—cens.
Pyrola aphylla.
Pyrola bracteata.
Pyrola incarnata.
Pyrola picta..
Quamasia quamash.
Ranunculus bongardi.
Scirpus microcarpus.
Solidago elongata.
Trautvetteria grandis.
Trillium ovatum.
Vagnera amplexicaulis.
Vagnera sessilifolia.
Viola adunca.
Washingtonia divaricata.
Xerophyllum tenax.

PLANTS THAT OCCUR IN THE VANCOUVER STRIP, BUT NOT IN NORTH IDAHO.

Acer circinatum.
Acer macrophyllum.
Alnus oregana.

Arctostaphylos tomentosa.
Gaultheria shallon.

Trees.

Shrubs.

Rhododendron californicum.

Rhus diversiloba.
Ribes bracteosum.

Arbutus menziesii.
Pyrus diversifolia.
Salix lasiandra.

Ribes divaricatum.
Ribes sanguineun.
Sambucus callicarpa.
Vaccinium ovatum.
Vaccinium parvifolium.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.

Achlys triphylla.
Allotropa virgata.
Bikukulla formosa.
Equisetum telmateia.
Hemitomes congestum.
Juncus covillei.
Juncus oxymeris.
Lathyrus polyphyllus.
Leptaxis menziesii.

Herbs.

Lupinus rivularis.
Petasites speciosa.

Poa howellii.
Polypodium occidentale.
Struthiopteris spicant.
Synthyris rotundifolia.
Vancouveria hexandra,
Vicia gigantea.

Viola howellii.

59

PLANTS THAT OCCUR IN THE MOISTER PARTS OF THE YELLOW PINE SUBAREA IN
WESTERN IDAHO, BUT NOT IN THE HUMID TRANSITION OF WESTERN WASH-
INGTON.

Alnus tenuifolia.

Andromeda polifolia.
Berberis repens.
Chiogenes hispidula.
Cornus stolonifera.
Lonicera conjugialis.
Rhamnus alnifolia.

Aconitum columbianum.

Acorus calamus,
Antennaria racemosa,
Aralia nudicaulis,
Arnica cordifolia.
Aster laevis geyeri.
Calochortus elegans.
Carex geyeri.

Carex nebraskensis.
Clematis columbiana.
Clematis hirsutissima.
Coptis occidentalis.
Frasera thyrsiflora.

Trees.

Shrubs.

Ilerbs.

\

Larix occidentalis.

Rives irriguum.

Ribes viscosissimum.
Rubus strigosus.
Sambucus melanocarpa.
Spiraea corymbosa.
Spiraea menziesii.

Gentiana oregana.
Hydrophyllum capitatum,
Ligusticum verticillatum.
Mitella stauropetala.
Pentstemon pinetorum.
Petasites dentata.
Ranunculus platyphyllus.
Rudbeckia occidentalis.
Sanicula marilandica,
Sphaeraicea rivularis.
Synthyris rubra.
Therofon majus.
Trillium petiolatum.

HUMID TRANSITION PLANTS COMMON IN WESTERN WASHINGTON, BUT VERY RARE IN
NORTHERN IDAHO.

Trees.

Cornus nuttallii. Occurs only in the valley of the middle fork of the Clearwater.

56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrubs.

Berberis nervosa. Near Farmington.

Cornus occidentalis. Near Spokane, Wash.

Corylus californica. Near Kettle Falls, Wash.

Echinopanax horridum.

Gaultheria ovatifolia. Priest Lake. ’
Rubus macropetalus.

Rubus spectabilis. Priest Lake, very rare.

Herbs.

Antennaria howellii. Cedar Mountain. Spangle, Wash.
Claytonia parvifolia. Priest Lake; Packsaddle Peak.

Callinsia grandiflora. Troy.

Collomia heterophylla. Wiessner Peak.

Corallorhiza striata. Cedar Mountain.

Erigeron speciosus.

Fritillaria lanceolata. Farmington Landing. Palouse City, Wash.
Heuchera cylindrica. Near Lewiston.

Hosackia bicolor.

Howellia aquatilis. Lake Tesemini.

Lilium parviflorum. Lake Pend Oreille.

Maianthemum bifolium kamtschaticum. Priest Lake.
Micrampelis oregana. Umatilla River, Oreg. Kettle Falls, Wash.
Mitella caulescens. Farmington Landing.

Polygonum bistortoides. Near Moscow. Pa

Polystichum munitum. Cedar Mountain. Also in Blue Mountains.
Psoralea physodes. One station near Troy.

Sazifraga oregana. Priest Lake.

Stenanthium occidentale. Priest Lake,

Trientalis latifolia. Wiessner Peak. Blue Mountains, Wash.
Vaccinium ovalifolium. Priest Lake.

In this connection the fact may also be pointed out that in several
cases the species of the coast region are replaced in Idaho by very
close allies. jhis fact is illustrated by the following pairs:

Coast region of Washington : Northern Idaho: ;
Alnus oregana. Alnus tenuifolia.
Philadelphus gordonianus. Philadelphus lewisii.
Potentilla gracilis. Potentilla blaschkeana.
Ranunculus orthorhynchus. Ranunculus platyphyllus.
Ribes divaricatum. Ribes irriguum.

Salix lasiandra. Salix lancifolia.
Sambucus callicarpa. Sambucus melanocarpa.
Spiraea douglasii. Spiraea menziesii.
Viola sempervirens. Viola orbiculata.

Perhaps the most significant of the above lists is that of the species
which are now so rare in Idaho, but abundant in western Washington.
These species must be either relatively newcomers, just obtaining a
foothold, or else old inhabitants, now, on the verge of extinction, so
far as this immediate region is concerned. The latter hypothesis

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 5T

seems to be by far the more likely one. First, because these rare
species show none of the aggressiveness to be expected in recent intro-
ductions-that have found a congenial environment; second, because
this hypothesis fits in with the explanation that these species were
forced southward in the glacial period, and under the changed condi-
tions following havé lingered in regions to which they are not well
adapted.

One other fact indicates also that many species have had to adjust
themselves to a changed environment, and as this has been done with-
out morphological change, the readjustment must have been recent.
In endeavoring to fix the zonal limits of plants which occur on both
sides of the Cascade Mountains, the curious fact becomes evident
that many species have a lower zonal range in the interior region
than that which they occupy in the coastal area. Among the exam-
ples may be cited the following:

Populus trichocarpa, » Humid Transition or even Canadian spe-
cies in western Washington, is more abundant east of the Cascades
as an Upper Sonoran than as an Arid Transition plant. Other spe-
cies of which the same statement holds true are:

Delphinium menziesii. Rhamnus purshiana.
Geranium carolinianum. Schizonotus discolor.
Heuchera cylindrica. Specularia perfoliata.

Lomatium nudicaule.

It may be argued that the Humid Transition character of these
plants is not altogether demonstrated in their zonal range in western
Washington where no lower zone occurs. But nearly all of the above
species in their range southward confine themselves strictly to the
Transition Area.

Some species, typically Canadian on the west slopes of the Cascades,
are just as typically Arid Transition in the Bitterroots. Vaccinum
macrophyllum is perhaps the most conspicuous example of this, but it
is also illustrated in less degree by Pterospora andromedea and
Cornus canadensis.

Pedicularis racemosa and P. bracteosa in the Cascades and Olympics
are Hudsonian species, extending more or less into the Arctic above
or the Canadian below. On the west slope of the Bitterroots they
occur in undoubted Arid Transition, ranging also into the Canadian.
This same statement also applies to:

Abies lasiocarpa. Pentstemon procerus.
Alnus sinuata. Polygonum bistortoides.
Gaultheria ovatifolia. Saussurea americana.
Hemieva ranunculifolia. Stenanthium occidentale.
Hydrophyllum albifrons. Thalictrum occidentale.

Pentstemon confertus. Trautvetteria grandis.

»

58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

These instances are not to be confused with those illustrated by
plants of wide altitudinal range, like Castilleja miniata, which occurs
in all the zones from Upper Sonoran to Arctic, as do also Castilleja
angustifolia, Aquilegia formosa, Heracleum lanatum, Hypericum
scouleri, Achillea millefolium, and others.

The condition that has determined this strange nonconformity in
the altitudinal or zonal relations of the species above mentioned is
perhaps to be sought in the lower winter temperatures of the interior.
This factor alone may tend to confine a species to the lowest zonal
position in which it can maintain its existence. i

THE CANADIAN ZONE.

This is the most illy defined of all the life zones in Washington,
merging into the Transition below and the Hudsonian above. Its
most characteristic tree is perhaps the western white pine (Pinus
monticola), but in Washington this tree is not abundant. In the
Olympic and Cascade mountains the amabilis fir (Adées amabilis) is
also a characteristic tree, as is its near relative, the noble fir (A. nobi-
lis), found in the Cascades from Mount Stuart southward. Apart
from these truly characteristic trees, the white fir (Abies grandis)
and the western hemlock (7'suga heterophylla) (Pl. XV1) both find
their best development in the Canadian zone, but both also are not
rare at sea level. The dominant tree of the Humid Transition zone,
the red fir, also thrives in the company of its Canadian relatives.

On the eastern slopes of the Cascades, and more especially in the
mountains of eastern Washington, two other trees appear in the Cana-
dian zone, the Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmanni) and the western
larch (Larix occidentalis), while the amabilis and noble firs disappear.

A characteristic plant association of this zone is that of the lodge-

pole pine, a form of Pinus contorta, which often forms dense forests.
The trees are remarkably uniform in size, seldom exceeding 1 foot in
diameter and 60 feet in height. .Such forests are often very exten-
sive, the one species making up 90 per cent of the timber. While
most abundant in the Canadian zone, groups of the lodgepole pine
occasionally occur isolated in yellow pine forests.
_ There are but few plants in Washington confined to the Canadian
zone. The somber depths of these moist forests, however, induces a
luxurious carpet of mosses and a vegetation which is largely erica-
ceous. Among the more plentiful shrubs are the blue huckleberry
(Vaccinium ovalifolium), Menziesia ferruginea, Pachystima myrsi-
nites, the trailing Rubus nivalis, and the dwarf cornel (Cornus
daeaondey,

PLATE XVI.

Reproduced by

e Forest Service.

A nearly pure growth of young and old hemlocks.
courtesy of th

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Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.
Near E

* PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 59

The abundant herbs are:

Clintonia uniflora. Oxalis trilliifolia.
Disporum oreganum. : Phegopteris dryopteris.
Leptaxis menziesii. Trautvetteria grandis.
Mitella caulescens. Vagnera sessilifolia.
Oxalis oregana.

Most of these occur also in the Transition.

The zone can, in fact, be recognized in Washington not so much by
any purely phaeatienitts species as by the great abundance of species
relatively rare in the contiguous zones.

CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES OF THE CANADIAN ZONE.4

Abies amabilis.
Abies grandis
Abies nobilis.

*Cornus canadensis.
*DTonicera conjugialis.
Lonicera utahensis.
Menziesia ferruginea.
Pachystima myrsinites.
Pyrus sitchensis.
*Ribes ciliosum.

Allotropa virgata,
*Anemone deltoidea.
*Anemone piperi.
Antennaria racemosa.
Arnica cordifolia.

Trees.

Shrubs.

Herbs.

*Cacaliopsis nardosmia glabrata.

*Capnoides scouleri.
*Cardamine lyallii.
Cephalanthera austinae
Chelone nemorosa,
*Circaea alpina.
Claytonia asarifolia.
*Olintonia uniflora.
Coptis occidentalis.

Corallorhiza corallorhiza,
Corallorhiza mertensiana.

Disporum oreganum.
*Galium bifolium.
*Heuchera micrantha.
*Kelloggia galioides.

Leptaxis menziesii.
*Lycopodium annotinum.

Lycopodium clavatum.

Acer douglasii.
Pinus monticola,
Taxus brevifolia.

Ribes laxifiorum.
*Ribes viscosissimum.
*Rubus nivalis.

*Sambucus melanocarpa.
Symphoricarpos acutus.

*Vaccinium scoparium,

Lysias orbiculata.
Mitella caulescens.
*Monotropa hypopitys.
Ophrys caurina,

Oxalis oregana.
*Ovalis trilliifolia,
Pentstemon diffusus.
Phegopteris dryopteris.
Pyrola chlorantha.
Pyrola secunda.
Rudbeckia occidentalis.
*Sanguisorba latifolia.
Saxifraga mertensiana.
Sedum oreganum.
Senecio triangularis.
*Streptopus roseus.
Synthyris reniformis.
Therofon occidentale.
*Tiarella unifoliata.
Trautvetteria grandis.
Vagnera sessilifolia.
Viola glabella.

Viola orbiculata,

«The species marked with an asterisk are restricted to the Canadian zone.

60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
THE HUDSONIAN ZONE.

This is the highest of the timbered plant zones, its average altitude
in Washington being from 1,500 to 2,300 meters (5,000 to 7,500 feet).
The most widespread and characteristic tree in all the northwestern
mountains is the subalpine fir (Abdées lasiocarpa) (Pl. XVII). In
the Olympic and Cascade mountains this is always accompanied by
the black hemlock (7suga mertensiana), a tree which recurs locally
in the Bitterroots of Idaho, but which is unknown in the Blue Moun-
tains save on a single peak. It is not known whether this tree occurs
in the Okanogan Highlands. In the Olympic and Cascade moun-
tains the Alaska cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) is likewise a
characteristic tree, but it does not occur eastward from the latter
range. The white-bark pine (Pinus albicaulis) also belongs to this
zone, and reaches a higher altitude than any other Washington tree.
It is absent from the Olympics, but occurs nearly throughout the
Cascade Mountains, and appears again on the higher peaks of the
Blues and Bitterroots.

Comparatively few shrubs and herbs are definitely limited to this
zone. Among the more conspicuous are an azalea (Rhododendron
albiflorum), a currant (Pibes howellii), and the western mountain
ash (Pyrus occidentalis). In places the bear grass (Xerophyllum
tenaz) occupies acres of ground, but this plant occasionally occurs as
low as the Transition zone.

In the following table is given a list of the characteristic Hud-
sonian species, showing their known appearance on the principal
peaks of the Cascade Mountains, namely, Mounts Stuart, Rainier,
Addams, St. Helens, Hood,* Mazama,’ and Shasta.° Only small col-
lections have been made on Mount Baker, and for this reason the
species known to occur in the Cascade Mountains between the 48th
and 49th parallels are lumped for comparison. The table also shows
which species occur in the Arctic regions, in the Olympic Mountains,
in the Blue Mountains, in the Rocky Mountains as a whole, and in
the Sierra Nevada.

a Howell, Thomas. The Flora of Mount Hood, Mazama, vol. 1, pp. 28-48, 1896.

+ Coville, Frederick V. The August Vegetation of Mount Mazama, Mazama,
vol. 1, pp. 170-203, 1897.

¢ Merriam, C. Hart. Results of a Biological Survey of Mount Shasta, North
American Fauna, no. 16, 1899.

-

PLATE XVII.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

SUBALPINE FIR (ABIES

Paradise Valley, Mount Rainier.

LASIOCARPA).

Altitude 2,000 meters.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 61
ee Distribution of characteristic Hudsonian species.
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APROPANEORTUOUUE A st asdalesotoe-<-.ck chee Ais Bales RRP Wasa hwnd) CE a DP roe "a Pd ee eo aie
BLOMUS SURBAOLAL. ooo 5 oc sce wee eee nsec eee cageleceelates| cos: CaN SMe gweateaccl oe: [seealiee: Set x
CAPAHMUINO VOLES os ieciicekss.ceccescecevece Seah else Wael eacel gts PAI: IS a ll Roe das See Beer
EMAC RVONS Ls Go Ss oh ciews Senn dapssnsecczons Kh Rs x bw oe) we oe ahaa lame det og
Cassiope mertensiana ..........--....-..----- Saye Se He NS | A % | XM rls e| VR sas
Wasslope tetragona .... 22.20). 226s esc eseeses 5 A se Ie WP ea i Fem bdek aaeeaere Lasers es
amtitioig slmeri: 522. <ch2s 2 cele. 5-vee02es oc bse Saehes dle be cautee sche sclacccloeas|sdstteels tooheeee
Chamaeéeyparis nootkatensis..........-.--.-- SR ema ee kok EY Oty PPR ris oS
WHCIORG TIOMOLOBB cose nce - os eeses ede cs ccwwes SEER ee Bl te A > SD as louie
Cladothamnus pyrolaeflorus ..........--...-- Mee Met Sl arcs a o.0.3] > Be EB Ces by =
Claytopia Jaticeojata .........2-.--5....0-22- Het ae oy, ee OS ee ae, eh oes ise: x
Cryptogramma acrostichoides......-...------ KA eS A alte <a > a HE Xx
Dasiphora Truticosa. ..c5.06. 6.2 65 eee ecw eee De Se Bn sees fi Sip fae ae [i Maat
Delphininm gisucum: ...0.0.cescesccececeess Ml Svoc) Oe Uavacfade [ot ecloteutawesleecctac x)" See
Deschampsia atropurpurea........-..-....--- 2 Hee ll bere. Sel We Cis o> aN OS aol er ed eae i> a BR aad aero We x
Dodecatheon tetrandrum .................--. saawbelas opuaeenraael awe boo Beer ARNE ee a) aes | ere oy C=
Dryopteris oreopteris......... ba@acw'as ap up nee Xi] Mees-|eceslseecy- Bh bee Fae Nee Pro Gner Ese Goer
Epilobium fastigiatum.................------ AES, ECS) 5 Teas 16“ b>. ok Wig Pee Ni ott i> ail le ou Ra ce
Epilobium hornemanni ..........-..--------- ESSN EEE) Es 30) Pega Bie 0 Pe al Ie Oh eras a ee A et ec
PUOMIGO ANT CIOUN Sook conc vicouascsmacesteuces EER elon sl ee loces [Nace Na actat Spam] ais meteder
Eriophorum polystachyum.............-.---- Ky) Moje secfecss| KK lees ews] ss sSletvst| X‘teoe8
Erythronium montanum..............-..-.-- <esjefecee| XX: loses] X | X-] X secnlenes|esceleces lowe
1 Spgs ops geile et a rowel ae Vos Bes || SEA) seed cay Rl cat eeee ee 8
Eucephalus glaucophyllus oe ep clectaloeee fe Soteahs os Seta shcoe preea| oe ee
Eucephalus ledophyllus.............-.-...--- re BE Wie eu ike a (ieee BAR dy ok FR PaO) BL pe
PPAUICUCTIO TIUINITERA SLs. eck cncesesdecaeenss vet neal l oe le cet he cerhw cool, ok we btemanl te xo| x
Ganitheria Ovatifolia jc 02305 es. cece cee SALE ie St bd fie Ac te a 0 tee Ot > an Poe ba ob Sa
MPESSER ALL ION nie a) dey ote cain pea Gecwae wens docs gs a tess ealsess | Rilacn th” Reloetnl Ok lacwclem | oe hcet
Harrimanella stelleriana..................... ESE Ol Bee Se oes perdi Sect] nceal so’ Sa calige.s
Hedysarum americanum................-.--- Reset CAs tives eee lees et = Sees eculveen base ah (So loees
Hedysarum sulphurescens..........--. ..--- Se LEP ccate Ge thceee tons chcavelcwslocesteaeel ea ee) (Oh foc de
PICUCHETS GIGDIW ck sv os con czoe sk wc aceeveasesus Oe Sea oO | Oe Meknalessslocesloate
Hemieva ranunculifolia.................----- sisfaw| a bees ocay) Seed Vids, dee ool ceaalsavslcctal ee pe haar Ss
Hoorebebia.greenel ...6..ccsewscsccscchsosccs ganache slesenl pe waleeesltecelecd| Kiissaa} Mele scoleaee
Juncoides glabratum.... Se2haact: Bin lenss|em Ree oseclecectes x x
Juniperus sibirica ......... eat, oe eek satel eto eae an) Vos Nate anl RP ef, Oe x
Kruhsea streptopoides ...................2.-- Rill Male edeleeethorealase sles es re ate era aan niente bang
MANIPS LUARITE Ce wie ae choca era's dh aes tise ncieibee os aetna Reorlieee @esale scl ok les Ue teas sceec|\ ae feats
Tei S1ANGUIOBUE 2025s wakes. oe oa ck sccce es Cpe 3 Petal eacicacilaeec he lccee x ess
Ft SE a Note aba keel sous coeeesdasn aes XH ce OR sce heeded aacls es cleeeetas scluncclacediaaee
PAP ASICOMD LELDORE) soo oc dscns sok tae sce cas shen lcorapetned tase choca aiseGatte solscee |e Me praia Ge aed: Oe oents
Ligasticum purpureum .....................- basa} eRe he's cuts Rlseta leche |acccleswclescdlaces|seealoowe
Lonicera utahensis. oc... 2.2 6icc cites tiset ce ce aele Kesler hecdhen sel sms ewcets cles || Oe Lexsdtanb's| posi lanes
I NY DO LOUGH ox vo s'sac cane xa dobevceetpece Lee pee, hl fee. sey ae Sih weeloccalwoacloees|Lerew Gk Nee cckecas
Merathrepta intermedia. ................-.... Neen ay) Few. ty Pa > aa sal WME. ey eNO Pi tl VS Lc) ll ' e
EIU SO WISH cas Sn cisco eedascccslencescncs eet Me hare Sl aes ooh Dame Syl WG ces Dee Ms ol Fa ey ee) (ee x
Mitella breweri............ cheese 1 Oe dee af ood Peed stagloe loaeet oe eeesl) Ok
Mitella pentandra > 2 (eee I Pe > 2aa\ ee Sl ake oil ame tal WAR Ge) Cleo. aa mee tan x
NBDE HIS MOSCA UUR oc SLA Laon c st dw case ceie's ee'ec'es Stee OK Sate Pec talle ckallss sal awsthoabe| te selsens|eevel does
Nephrophyllidium crista-galli ............... Kole sak Mie csaceMlaswcic ara eL bal ecco Lae a Uo Sate leer
Pardesi fim briatacss 2.63.6 assoc nse oc ee SN ees eR epee GME ecee | oced
WeGgicuiaris DIACtOOSG ¢ ik eos sce ete s en ceeens ously taet (ak hee Se ee ecieatec cls ene oie 2
Pedicularis racemosa... . 25.62. cecsceeccecccce PRAM te aeky, Mol MeN Cac lacie], lade eK x
PORICUIATIN GUITECIO 0.3.00 <0 cavceceesseadocetes OEM Pees cet) hel A lets | fees sf RO lorena! x
PENECR AGNES (sconces cordccescas cocunes sheds Seca eee te sete Nl ae dese ls cee
Femtstemon iruticosts 2. 225...0--.-.-dsaeSuae> POON oe AGE MSE ete Ga al Re leaedlacea|) Xl miscts
Ae, se telenk reratrg A Ape Ee oct ie SE Se SEE AMAL Seebeahe he Sep OK Sac clleces|\ RO foses|ewes| Xo lence
Phyllodoce empetriformis..................-- Se Se KR Re) eee en KwiSoe:
Pots Giplewilig. cc ssasistetes ase eden aeueene eta g RRisceateel) ete eS | ee) oe x
Polemonium humile........ > Soph Weed a> <P) IT > a Pigs SA eee) Se Ts al i> al mY lan. < x
Polygonum bistortoides .............- SRN Ce Wake | cecethescii OK Jeeect ae a x
Polygonum imbricatum.... 2.002. 2...cce scene ee ee ae. shee ool eetO Aesealhess| i: |eae | Xl semeleess
VTS CUCIOOIMAIISS access. nor. acccecuevteiscs onel O- X Pe ee ite ae cle ee eeleatotaaee
Seas CLA AULLICUR fous eons o> cou ewilr oust ne mee Meese sec cler sce ul osicdts ccs les ealteseleetsleesate noale ae
Ranunculusalismellus ...................-... eet saettakieshan alco af dick lors wel cena Qee ot nae sese tee
Ranunculus populago..............-..--+¢ Potsie |wnlae MW cle Meme te ota ee <labcdloe Be o>. et eked Pian Bisnis ieee
RRO TIPIda oon bec aT cee cay eee cc Pe ey cere Sea oh OS WR “eit Fae Pee lie ol Reeser > Sa Ree
Rhododendron albiflorum ................2--)--+« Poxcee ioe. | Seo sesh x, |i oeclloe leeeey aalace

62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Distribution of characteristic Hudsonian species—Continued.
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Vaccinium delcioguinc <0 0s. cess sees oS eaelt aes

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Valeriana sitchensis. x |

Veratrum viride..... <

Xerophyllum tenax..

THE ARCTIC ZONE.

This is sharply marked by the high altitude timber line. As before
explained, this line extends to a much higher altitude, 700 meters
or more on Mount Rainier, on the ridges than in the draws between.
This, in general, is true of all the northwestern mountains. On the
highest mountain peaks flowering plants extend up to 3,200 meters
(10,500 feet) altitude. The lower portion of this zone, except
where there are rock outcroppings, is covered with a dense carpet of
grasses and flowers’ Among the more abundant of the former are
Festuca viridula, Poa arctica, and Agrostis rossae. Among the more
conspicuous flowers in the damper places are a buttercup (Ranun-
culus suksdorfii),a marsh marigold (Caltha leptosepala) , and a shoot-
ing star (Dodecatheon jeffreyi). On the drier slopes Pulsatilla occi-
dentalis raises its curious tasseled heads of akenes; a lupine (Lupinus
subalpinus) forms great masses of blue; a painted cup (Castilleja
oreopola) makes mats of dull crimson, and a cinquefoil (Potentilla
flabellifolia) furnishes an abundance of yellow. Even more con-
spicuous are the two “heathers,” Phyllodoce empetriformis and
Cassiope mertensiana, the former with clusters of rose-purple flowers,
the latter with the clusters pure white.

Along the rills a beautiful blue gentian (Gentiana calycosa), the
crimson mimulus (J/imulus lewisii), and the yellow arnicas make
parti-colored borders.

Two small plants, a saxifrage (Saxifraga tolmiei) and Lutkea
pectinata are conspicuous only because they form dense mats.

“of

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. — 65

Along the limit of the meadows in what have been called “ pumice
fields” a very different series of plants appear. Among the more
characteristic are a lupine (Lupinus lyallii), the curious Spraguea
umbellata, an Eriogonum (£. coryphaeum), Oreastrum alpigenum,
Erigeron aureus, and Polemonium elegans.

The above description applies particularly to the Arctic Zone in
the Cascade Mountains. The flora of the same zone in the Olympics
is very similar, the principal differences being in the flora of the high-
est peaks. In the Blue Mountains of Washington the Arctic Zone is
very limited in extent. The arctic flora of these last mountains is,
however, about as closely related to that of the Rocky Mountains as
to that of the Cascades. )

_ The following list shows the same comparative data as regards.
distribution as were shown for Hudsonian species:

Distribution of characteristic Arctic-Alpine species.

4 a
o|& ar i cA
3 s o 8 wi = a
S19 Shape le isl . | Ste | eee
- : Si SloleiBalIalm (ZISlIeI3S/ 81 8
Name of species. | Ae ee et | SL aS Pe ee
PIElg|HlRl</H |e) lalZlale
i) ~ oad ~~
Sia lElE/E\E(E/2/2/ 216 /3/
PsP OA eo ito | o | 6 |S S15 18-13
4A(/AlOl(AlASSAIAl|Al| Ra LH |S 1A
| | = te ica ace
Agoseris alpestiis:-. 3 y..ecc ds let -assescs eas yO be eee epee Ube 24 Mad Mis an Io oe [ioe ba eg Pte Bee
WPGoSerIS GUM NECA o6so sont de sakaasvonaapee mE ee ce? 2) A > A a> <A lit eal liao el hc sees lene] x |
Agrostis humilisests. ...<.2-i65- a sRio oe Caw n ses FANS: BH hag Meck u[ Ss chancel GK omens nes x]
ARIOSLIS TORSRO) os ions ces var aedecacs s sewer eas Sac e ok > | fie me loeccites.t Xx
RIN VANOU ran “carasotk. Boers e Semen slvrcal Seales Sihe 5 a) earl eal ikl
PAR OC CELVCANDIIA <o:25 So, scadscayceSciccgbesces bd ERE (pe Al bee tre an es > al OR ERRES Onin Penne Ps et
Anemone drummondii.....................-- ee Pe |e. cd reed ee a i. < > EEA Nae aa x: ox
wntennaria media o:..922-..-c2beeccs cs cceces veveeeee| X| KX] X| xX] xX) x] xX] xX... x eae
Antennaria lanata ....+.......-.--------+---- TENE Pret Mla ood We al ME foo < Re Fal ki oseoace fiete
Apargidium boreale...........-.----.------- pail Pb <a Pas aca Popa lee TA Ki Wevohesealises eeoaedes
AFAMISTACHOMAS oh cence sscpac scwsamnaeedeesss covslaesetdaxs|feualeensthe PSA he A bare x | orga
Ava Wise Ra Mean ye os eas ode naueshs cooce Pe el SMe he kal exe Le ule let oo tse | x |
APURESIUS WONGCOIR soy tases hecsese casa pciccms Ueosteas ctacieelenas| kt Vacine ow elwacelanss laces lasers! ok
(ASCH ATIO CADUIA LIS. oso550 656 oso sas elc eam cncs > Sid Vee aes Un >. Sal al [Ea ays Ca x | 7G
APONGTIGMULIGIVE 5 occ davecsccescctedteeces 0 Leociuametecenbiiaet Seb toe ee Delle Se
ATERALIA BAJANEDSIS ... 52... .- 952 c-2 cee seeesss > ire] ite atl ea Prk te Ase seh hap. cl Ceara ae Me <a &
PATRIOTS VET coe avintiashévbecena wee ces aaaeas Kea} kee hho d | kulec Xr} +X | x | pea
ATRICR PELTYY pico chy oa <aisaca ssc siveaesnaly ces Ped Nop. <Gl Vig py UE ob Wetec lesen Waneeee es. eaters eel he
Aslan Mm WIIAS Fos oan pened ocigeinesacec- ace |e Toca Ke | seceleebe| a Roe) ers owe| sates | Sas
Bikukullannifiors:. 22.552... --e ess cee sence PR eters Se eee Peta ey Aer hy ol ko Uke (ea =
Calamagrostis vaseyic, ps3 cece cee ce eees Re ees De < Zl Re SEN caters ste oe Sl eeelweets heme st aoe
Caliha DINO ica octave oc cee ccesas seesss Mosc eee tesco oka oN Ralloce tse se 12vesleisieatciercs
Galtha leptosepala’s.csc220002ccesschdeeesscs Sg i> ol ae. eg) ike om Ne cl POR fecal | 5 li <
Campanile Piperthas.- o: pin asascts sends an ceeen Pel Perey thea | barbe emery eae ey eee carey DA Ieee boon ee ramen
Campanula 80abreliet: uo. cccws cacecccelece SP alopeslcccal FE coleece | sales <oo 5 til ee ee
Cardamine bellidifolia .................-.---- yah bs eed eh ray Shee (RS cal nab. (a aie > ay ibe <j
Cardamine kamtschatica .................... > i [Paces We. ce ae et. (ete Cs Fee) aetel Preeroet epee ponte
Cave Drew eri... oes: ociacs waxsetens cede dcauy dsealscealeccclacet|| GE.)'—es|5- > | Fe eae] eX x
GATOR CIPCINAUG 6 sac cau ce baw cenabelwaetesas css ia cole | cerca ns atlaoe ol ae Gate ac ateca Cts
PERFOR IOLA oo a conse uss wach cate en a'naeauns pO iui em Geel PAPE d Nee el >. a Cmts ee) x
Carex nardina .. >. ee Bale Lie. al Nea satetalomae aes
Carex nigricans... east) el Poe |p
Carex pyrenaica .. ee eo ee aed de.<
Carex spectabilis .. Ae eh oe oak kell) okey ak
Carex vernacula .. Waaideae® every (ie < Sicta's | wiser
Castilleja oreopola .. >. Gute 2 Sir QAP
Castilleja rupicola .. sone Uaais oboe als, Oke loess
Castilleja suksdorfii . ce sais] Sees | eae
Claytonia megarrhiza. aoe XE lew eae
ies dese eo eee S PAS BRAT Pea ba?
Dodecatheon jeffreyi.. BSE > Al (le a | eg
Doug asia Wevigate «vnc ncins sccew cceieckwesgecs ASS Sri Rol Cepeans time. ol ers
* Drabaratreolact cast. up saves cence och wees eau Seeelee se Sane) Se lleaes
Dye ba Teva On 2 cette ok ade Bu cinaaee nacastemechic as loose re ay.
Draba JOUCHOGHIDAs G64 occ oe oFececeecezee es x 2. oe I

64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Distribution of characteristic Arctic-Alpine species—Continued.

|

ascades,

.
4

Name of species.

“ | Northern ¢

Dryas octopetala ............0.-. ee asec eee eee
Empetrum nigrum ........+.........
Epilobium alpinum
Epilobium anagallidifolium ...............-- |
Epilobium clavatum 22. .22-2 6.25 ss... esenne Bacicl BSE
Hrigeron acris debilis' ./.:52...0222. 3. ccccaecsenieess x
ErigeronGUreUus 5222-55 sro ssa sss sscaeees = a> eslecaclcans
Rrigeron bloomert.;< ss 22+.sse doses cscasee>|owestes'es
Erigeron compositus |. 2.5... <5.5.s0anccnecscsslsans x
Erigeron leibergii .........--.--+--+2-2+--eeeejeeee|ee es
Eerigeron sa lsuginosus <2. 25-03. cuiseesccce es I"
Erigeron Uniflorus:: 220. cccccsecsccseoseen ae
Eriogonum coryphaeum
Eriogonum minimum ............-- }
Mriovontimipiperiic 3. cer scscasecs da ncces oa<} oct Rae
Eriogonum umbellatum
Erftrichum Rowand <22 cess ccssco sees ecas low cs bee as
ErgsimiM @renicala. 5. ss225 se cccc Secs s. wcvslasce bees
MeOMUCH VINIGUIB. 55.3 csckus. cacneeaese ess sisns Eee
Festuca ovina supina..........-2-.22+---++-+:| KY
Gentigne CRLYCOGR) 5.2 ccs eidaswsecccesscecawes! soun
Gili debiliss 22-055 s.gevs-s ceca aeetetes sves-lenes leaias
Hed yearum amerioanum.<. .ocscc.s ccc os cs salecculess<
Hedysarum sul phurescens | x
Hesperogenia stricklandi ........

Heuchera racemosa ...........---
Hieracinmipraeile: <3. 2 ssc cccasestacscacecess |
Hippuris Monta 6252-206 6ces cess ote Sere
Hoorebekiailyallil: 2c ccs descecsccsstcnscsscssl sacs
FUSCA NANG. ie ce siccnaccosnshsaasescscseststaces
Hypericum bryophytum
TVesla ROVIONIE ot os aw eave paccescc eee ee senlense

wwKKA | Arctic regions.

Juncoides spicatum 2.255.252 ccces5scss00eae= |
JUNCUS MEreNnsANUss: 12. cs. ess cco he ease]
WUNCUM MAITUM cs. .cecccstesaveteracunacioa tees aleaes
PUTCUR BO DtKIN ORNS. 2.655 ee eccce ce secs sees
Leptotaenia watsoni ...........
uerella occidentalis |
Lewisia columblana. ci s.sis.2c05.ccccccces Biel Fearne
Lawisiea nevadensis’: 5. cs .22cscse-ceectaces leveclessy
LOWIRIG TYIDN VIR so oan ene cee ences asic etecie ses} on ce
Dewisia tweedyloos2sc.cc iets eee eee, ee
ReWwisil DYRIRCR. oo icc eccceseserecostecseess SAE Io
Lioydia serotina .<..2::.c--ssccse.-ec053 Woeeees ie fee
x
x

Lomatium angustatum....................... tsaan
hutkea pectinata, :-<cce2sos ecicscccst acne es vex

Wupinusiyalliles ss. 2 cose) Sane a: oes |
Lupinus volcanicus) 3. sccccceccseccceccenenc lsavelenare
Ay COPOGIUMM 'ROlAPO coc. eso 2-s- wae 2a ee eee x

Lycopodium sitchense
Mimulus alpinus ...........--

Mimulias rubellus S25 222232 <o55c~scdeasoec cen
Oreastrum a!lpigenum

Orthocarpus imbricatus ............-.........|.0.. Seat
OS VERS INA hen costese eres aces ems coe aae tae xi x
POCICIIANS CONOR A) > .c2es cee see cc asee eteelces lanes
Pedicularis ornithorhyncha...............-.. ee Mite
Pentstemon menziesl:.. oo. 2224 Scecan cose oe hated ees

Petaaltes Irigida./. 2.0 i. ses cee. caees dee ssoee | xox
PM SCH NOOKGTIANUS. 22. 22 ce shoe ae eee ee |

PHACS SURSAOMBT esse es eee :
Phacelia: sericea yvii sos soee st ee Gace e eee
Phegopteris alpestris
Phleum alpinum .........

APMIS ROUSIRSU: «cof o 2 Se oeo ane ow ce sees ak ay
Phyllodoce glandulifiora..................... bai ip
PPISTAASUD LER WIRIRTIN So 25 ce niesne.c arsine « cies icles ba fee 2
PRL GIANTS <7 oye siasiciss Ales s poms asisades ei eascee XS) x
Poa lettermani ..... abe Sonos Uae ma ines ooeeaeceee desl aae
Witte PARUCTION. Jc gsd.acc5ctccsncccescsaceeeees Feral tees

POM MIEAROLUN tsa cock suis acessaceciceaseeseses dine olaieas

Zs
2 : a a
ei 3/5 |'¥ _ sel Co
S|e/E 8113/8
ae = a a is a pe s
ela [Sl/eajni Blo

Sel —s a

FI\EI/EIElS/& ”
Elsjzisia/2i3
>l/oslsei oe /o}/o l/s
Ole /Sl/Sl(Bl[Ala
| |
secslacdca! I lecaxieadsloens| | at]
sah es Sl Fe RE Be
| pay Eee bee al ee hows x x |
> dt Ea fie Sah ae oa ae fee Fe a
| Xj-...| X]-X|.. Kits ese
| X |..--[ees.] X foeee|eees x
Reed e wos[sans[eccafencslease] X
Pe a ae a Piel Vial RSP es ae
em ee a IE tl ae IE ee
B Pear x | Kol Sea ee
at Pade Be
yd] CRN HSS Fee Ie ah
ad Ea eel GES a Bah, Ret
| M24 iesexiooneioess CL Halecs
Bend Pes tae ail ape oad ee es (ee oes ke. ¢
ea eee x | 5 oll Bop sth Ea
ie, 2 eee koe Wee. al Pees lie) fe
ee Gate Oe x | > el Ve a ae 2
|X [eseelesesleeee/eeeelen waleost
Byatt Pane Eee (eee Ree
Parl Nie oll Rie <a epee Pepe per
EY hae yl Wake ol, Serge > el (b>
Seoul: AaleOeelaees tae Pee
Milssss ee sccate pastes
peed | i> et o> ty Pees Pewee li
> a ee > eas Pepe ee
ten etl cecele cae lowcs
Me ei lesee) deol ek
eocal kel ae laesal) Xe tease
> (ge at Vaasa FPS [> ol
| Koh ke ees] ko es |sace
Piel eke lance a lneaaleorep eck
Ficrie Paee| Wae y W a at
> oy ee ta RES > a eee
ol Pe Lam ol Mee a x| x4
Feed Vee] VP cal HISD ol fie ool eg] Pace
Sie ccch KP wep ml eecelon as
etc el) eet eeeal a
Wa MD nem oh fle el ag esr fine
AAS fit Sy lee st tiem Ol fore fa
eel sos ak | oma ietee th mates
Kes w lsecsleesn leas tek
ee ees | es] We cee
D Ca Gd PSS ae Peel eee wo. <
5 oil PNA foe. ol nb oy Poet paar Di
Zale 5 Vere Sth Paneer Pace a tase
x bo [eee al ee Rem i Bk.
>. bey > oat >. atk a Fab
Bele cul cos Ar taea sth a eo
Dan Ree timo a es oat Nee le cal ae
De AE Wee sal fier cel Pee eon eee:
es rel ee a ee eS | Bers
Dc PO eke Oy rake) <a Wen be a n>
eee | R- eaaral on wallwiotes

Pa? 3

| Mount Shasta.

: MM x“! 2 | Sierra Nevada.

.
.

ee
pt ere

+ 3

sao MM

KKKKKH | Rocky Mountains.

1 AK KES

+ MoM. °

AKKKK HK,

ee

KAKKK: ws

ose 8
tek ee
2a 6
aia t’

bial

> Ms

cenleces x
K joci[seee
cove] X .
XK jeoe-|ecee
coos] X x
wove] K Joccs
enceleces x
X | X jeee-
ool & x
coe] X Joves
coe] XK laces
eee X foe's! =

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 65

Distribution of characteristic Arctic-Alpine species—Continued.

“| z
ory Pa : a
elma ts beech hE ot 4g Val
Pele lel2laislslslsislelg
Name of species. ~ rt Oj] 4\8 m/ sie 2|¢ B19
Pi/gleolalal<|alm|sial2iala
& vo QA) =) ~ ~ ~ = ~ wv, * aa
= | a Bom} S| ee] a |S) ha
Sie ibistsieisaisle@ieleiaia
Pe eo tOdition(o. | Oo. 19e lO to lsh S
A1AZpolisalslalsisal@latralasa
Polemonium elegans..............-22----eeee Med Fc] ee tears Mee Sl ee SN ES oSslacce
Polygonum minimum.............. Peb Rl ccolp & take >. Bu Nee, ¢ b <a ape
Polygonum newberryi ..........- Poel aks hk a OO Ion eS ociAin ge, ore
Polygonum viviparum ........... PER csS\ test eae. Saanl) x wees ox
Polystichum lemmoni..........-. oe peel etary >. al ee
Polystichum lonchitis............ * p. al a < ree [ae <
ROLENTIFG GISBECIS oo. 2 oes oesccewcs ear oes el o& xe (ex:
Potentilla flabellifolia.............. x Sh KP lew ll) OE
Potentilia villoss o22- os 58 Sc oe. ns x Sees ate Breil Mare edges Secs
Pulsatilla occidentalis -..........-. x mt, Keb Kel oo Ok
Ranunculus eschscholtzii .......... x DoW fae il Re | x x
Ranunculus suksdorfii ............. aa 2 PAE pe cad | Se «eae
Ranunculus verecundus .............-. i Mivfseccalncs = leeseteace|seacteeee SES
SRKIIC RS aoc os cudnt oo Seen Sateceseee | BAG ane a pe a2
ATES LOMCNA ae vac os swe ne’s oc meire dace salspe OPIRT | habe <¥) (anges ae, a sidasledestiesdts coche ceteaas
Saxifraga adscendens................--.2---- eae wal Bole Cates: ERS A ese) eae eee) Wis 20) bP
Batiiiadi PONGATO. fo. oon oe eve eee bice se oh eI x | x | xe | | Xe x
BRAT ATE CHOSDILOSE oS ce caste cece es Bacal Molscsat: RrlOccclsvoclbvicslchosleacnleenat, kanmen
GRUPO ODING « sicivnc udp ence coccaeecbavicle’ Fel ad epee FETA ace chy rated Praia (a Tee, ie De ge ed
MaxUYAGATICISONE. «osc 2 oY Seas acs dein g sere r a coctd teed ek ce Rene d ost les cclec bases [aes bes eae
Baxtitaca toliici...c.s2isoccucescsckchocencce WS ic ol Pere firey oe PE 2e Ie lh dem Mae ao en eee oa OS <M PES
SiSbala PrOCUM PENS... 6s. . sie icc ecsceeccsse bh ae. Get Nite at Ee A ky ig PS. ae Fepeieges Uae Bes. Qu lem. il rae oss Fagg
SieVOrsid TOMA. woes caacneS gests cases hhae pon Wi on eeterd 1a) Paras reat 1 Beek (he a) aN ioe ae
SUS S RCA co Woes oe cc atna oe ee seceeteetes 5 a > ed dF | fie 9 ee PE tare. al ea Pe ak. ea
Biloives Walithosee eon nu oe cade wsavcaelee PSL eA Meets tee oxen ish ke leo ae Res, a
SiON eRIEROM soot wre c eres nccddévcsune's Apt PRs band oo al a i > ol x p yl ae
BILAtIOU TIMMUN < o.c.s occ ccs ccaswcatunebiates Se eal ON esa Se |e > Gall me el Pees Ieee <
Smelowskia calycina.................0c.-.056 eset We [eae ch Ake |= sere] X [eseeeeee| X
EXBCLOWSEIG. OVAIIS: W102 nn tcc Sebo ecw seasconss Selop ce] kt dscaal et ok |. Pen ee
Spirapanernderaonl o: .0-..y i cceoe ew daseac's Ae cleacel & Ve Rece aae O Resa h anise Pate ee beers
Spreenee VUTNPCUGER seco scs scat lip pu deseadwebs edcts el hee ee SS] ek] Se eal Se se x
A DIBEDL HIPCRULC 2X5. case os deeeowick nbc chece devctec oul sess og oot vece S| Rone) SR Rese.
Trisetum spicatum ....... Sagdaas we saeee ae eh 0 x Raleeceta me |°x | x| x :| > alli
RTOMCA AIDINAS.. tlcccedcescecuseswce shes scs > Basie! Oils < * hese! bah hae a Doles Peo Vin. ¢ x
Veronica cusickii ........- sit Bae et APR eee fe fe| (Kut oes X |e-e-|-e--] KX] X | X |..2.|..-
6 LEB oT ape si RS SIE OS EAD aaah rl Nk A SS A Feace tease] ok a eee eee nod bene pee bee Mets
SYGAGONUS GIORANS soso Fe cc incite cdedoue geese fone x) x z se) yaa aed x eae aes x

REGIONS OF PECULIAR BOTANIC INTEREST.

In a State where conditions are so diverse as in Washington, and
where practically every locality that has been carefully explored
contains species of apparently very limited range, it is difficult to say
which places have transcendent botanical interest. Where, however,
the local massing of species of narrow range can be associated with
more or less definite environmental conditions, the phenomenon is

worth especial consideration. The following areas thus deserves
special attention.

THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS.

The most striking peculiarities as regards these mountains, botan-
ically considered, are the excessive rainfall on their southern and
western slopes, and their isolated position. The heavy moisture
precipitation results in modifying greatly the effect of altitude, so
that the lines of zonal demarcation are much obscured. Many Humid

29418—06 m——5

66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Transition species ascend even to the Hudsonian zone, producing thus
a strange mixture of lowland and subaipine plants.

From the isolated position of these mountains together with their
considerable elevation, some peculiarities would naturally be presup-
posed. The flora is, however, exceedingly similar to that of the
Cascade Mountains. One misses, to be sure, a few conspicuous Cas-
cade inhabitants, such as Savifragu tolmiei, Lupinus lyallii, Gentiana
calycosa, and Eucephalus ledophyllus, but the great majority of the
plants are the same as those of the Cascades. The species which are
not of the Cascade Mountains present, however, some interesting
problems. Up to the present time there are only about ten species
known to be peculiar to the Olympics, and these are all species of
high altitude and most. of them abundant as to individuals. They
are as follows:

Aster paucicapitatus. Senecio flettii.

Campanula piperi. Spiraea hendersoni.
Epilobium mirabile. Synthyris pinnatifida tomen-
Erysimum arenicola, tosa,

Polemonium amoenum. Viola flettii.

Campanula piperi is nearly related to an Alaskan species. The
others have their nearest relatives in Cascade and Sierra forms.

Some few species have a strangely isolated station in the Olympics.
Phaca hookeriana, a species of the mountains of northern California
and adjacent Nevada, also occurs in the Blue Mountains and then,
apparently vaulting the Cascades, reappears in the Olympics.

Synthyris pinnatifida tomentosa likewise has no close relative ex-
cept in the Wasatch and Rocky Mountains.

Thermopsis montana, collected in Chehalis County, is not other-
wise known west of the eastern border of Washington.

Therofon majus intermedium is a subspecies whose parent species
occurs in southeastern Oregon and California, and strangely enough
reappears in abundance in the Bitterroots, though unknown in the
Blue Mountains.

Hedysarum boreale, a very abundant species in the Olympics, is
not known from the Cascades at all, though occurring in the north-
ern Rockies and eastward to New England. In the northern Cas-
cades and in the Bitterroots appears the closely related species 7.
sulphurescens.

- Heuchera racemosa is an abundant species in the higher Olympics.
Otherwise it is a very rare plant, on Mount Adams and on Mount
Rainier.

Further explorations of these mountains are likely to disclose
other peculiar species. These should be sought especially on the
highest peaks.

PLATE XVIII.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

“IVALI OU} dn SUTYOO] *‘UOSIIO ‘VUIO(T 8.40]0d “IS WOT] MoTA

"YBAIY VIGWNIOD 3HL 3O 39YOH 3HL JO NOILVLADSA

-

=

erat OF
eye ete noe
| me BD

vx

nl Pe

é ee
hy ‘Le

;
als

og 3 we tcan’?

em (5
Lei

‘€

‘

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 67

THE COLUMBIA GORGE.

y
The wonderful gorge of the Columbia River (PI. XVIIT), extend-
ing a distance of about 50 kilometers (38 miles), presents peculiarities
scarcely paralleled elsewhere in the Pacific northwest. The cliffs, ris-
ing hundreds of meters vertically, present almost every rupestrine con-
dition. Some of them are in almost perpetual shadow, others sub-
jected to bright sunshine. Some become dry almost with the cessa-
tion of the spring rains, others are bathed constantly in the spray of
waterfalls. There are thus furnished suitable conditions, both to
species from the arid interior and to others that normally flourish
only in cool mountain valleys. The resultant association of Cana-’
dian or even Hudsonian species with those of the Transition zones is
-strikingly peculiar. |
That such an unusual environment should be the habitat of a con-

siderable number of species not found elsewhere might have been
predicted. No less than 16 species are practically confined to this
region. They are:

Agrostis howellii. Lomatium sp. nov.

Calamagrostis howellii. Mimulus alsinoides.

Delphinium trolliifolium. Pentstemon barrettae.

Dodecatheon dentatum.
Erigeron howellii.
Erigeron oreganus.
Hemieva violacea.
Hieracium longiberbe.

Poa multnomae.
Sullivantia oregana.
Tellima odorata.
Valerianella aphanoptera.
Viburnum ellipticum.

Some few others are worthy of special mention. Bolandra oregana,
otherwise confined to the Columbia gorge, reappears on the bluffs of
Snake River in Wallowa County, Oreg.

Synthyris reniformis, abundant on the Oregon side of the gorge
almost at the river’s edge, has its real home in the Canadian and Hud-
sonian zones of the Blue and Bitterroot mountains. Like several,
other species, it does not occur on the Washington side of the Colum-
bia gorge.

A number of the Canadian and Hudsonian species that descend
into the Columbia gorge are more or less modified from their original
forms and may be regarded as subspecies, when compared with the
alpine forms. Such are:

Romanzoffia sitchensis.
Saxifraga bronchialis,
Saaxifraga caespitosa.

Saxifraga occidentalis.
Valeriana sitchensis.

But a larger number preserve their identity beyond question. Such

are:
Carex macrochaeta,
Chelone nemorosa.
Cornus canadensis.
Douglasia laevigata.

Pentstemon diffusus.
Pentstemon rupicola.
Polypodium hesperium.
Tofieldia intermedia.

68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

KLICKITAT COUNTY.
%
A considerable number of species reach their northernmost exten-

sion in Klickitat County or in adjacent Skamania County and are
not otherwise known to occur in Washington. In some cases a long
distance to the southward intervenes before the species again occurs.
This local northern distribution is perhaps due to the association of
Humid and Arid Transition conditions and a warm southern slope
exposure, the resultant combination being highly peculiar.

The species to which the above remarks apply are:

Arnica eradiata, Juncus uncialis.
Azolla caroliniana, Lepidium nitidum,
Bromus orcuttianus. Melica fugaz.
Ceanothus prostratus, Mimulus douglasii.
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus. Nemophila sepulta.
Collinsia rattani. . Orogenia linearifolia.
Collinsia sparsiflora. Panicum hirticaulon,
Cynoglossum grande. Piscaria setigera,
Cypripedium fasciculatum. Plagiobothrys nothofulvus,
Hpilobium ursinum. Polygonum austinae.
Eriogonum nudum. Polygonum greenei.
Bryngium petiolatum. Scribneria bolanderi.
Festuca confusa. Tonella collinsioides.
Garrya fremontii. Trifolium ciliolatum,
Gilia bolanderi. Viburnum ellipticum.
Gilia divaricata. Viola sheltoni.

Hemicarpha occidentalis.

Some of these species will perhaps be found in Washington outside
of Klickitat County, but the flora is well enough explored to make it
quite certain that this will be the case with but few of them.

MOUNT STUART AND THE WENACHE MOUNTAINS.

Mount Stuart, a tall granitic peak in Kittitas County, and the sur-
rounding Wenache Mountains, have long been of peculiar interest
botanically, owing to the considerable list of species which are there
localized. This peculiar localization of species, several of them with-
out close relatives, seems to be in a measure associated with the
granitic character of the region. Recent investigations have shown
that most of the species occur also to the northward, but that they are
confined almost entirely to granitic soils of the crest of the Cascades.

Among the species thus restricted are the following:

Arabis whitedii. Delphinium xantholeucum.
Cacaliopsis nardosmia glabrata. Douglasia dentata.
Calamagrostis tieedyi. Erigeron leibergii.
Calochortus lyallii. Leptotaenia watsoni.
Castilleja elmeri. Lewisia tweedyi.
Cynomarathrum brandegei. Pedicularis ornithorhyncha.

Delphinium viridescens, Poa canbyi.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 69

Rainier stricta. Solidago caurina.
Rudbeckia alpicola. Sphaeralcea longisepala.
Saxifraga apetala, Spiraee@ cinerascens.
Senecio elmeri. Valeriana columbiana.

This extremely restricted range of so considerable a number of
species In a mountain chain which would seem to offer no barrier to
their extension southward is perhaps due primarily to the fact that
the greater portion of the Cascade system from Mount Rainier south-
ward is volcanic. Indeed, the eruption of the igneous rocks not only
may have brought about the isolation of the plants above mentioned,
but, through their preference for granitic soils, may have kept them
from spreading southward. This idea further obtains support in the
fact that there are some striking similarities between the flora of the
Mount Stuart region and that of the Klamath region in southwestern
Oregon, which is also largely granitic in character.

This is exemplified by a number of species which do not occur in’
the intermediate region. Among them are—

Arabis suffrutescens. Hoorebekia greenei.
Bikukulla uniflora. Kelloggia galioides.
Campanula scabrella. ; Ledum glandulosum.

Chaenactis nevadensis.

To these should perhaps be added Cacaliopsis nardosmia glabrata
and (. nardosmia, Luina hypoleuca, and L. hypoleuce californica.

Facts to be adduced hereafter in connection with the make-up
of the flora of the Blue Mountains emphasize still more the above
conclusions. ;

While a great portion of the plants of the Cascade and the Blue
mountains are identical, there are nevertheless many species whose
occurrence in the former mountains is so local that their recurrence
in the latter furnishes some strikingly peculiar facts. As before
stated, the central and southern portions of the Cascade system are
composed of recent volcanic rocks, while the northern portion and
the Siskiyou and other mountains of the Klamath region con-
tiguous to the southern end of the Cascades are made up of older
rocks, largely granite. This difference in geological structure seems
to be directly associated with the distribution of certain plants
here discussed. The facts of the distribution are, first, that there
are species in common between the northern Cascades and the
Klamath region which are absent in the intermediate portion of the
Cascades; second, that certain species occur only in the Blues and
the Klamath region or the northern Sierras; third, that others occur
only in the northern Cascades and the Blues; and finally some
species occur in all three regions, but not elsewhere.

70

SPECIES

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

‘

SPECIES COMMON TO THE NORTHERN CASCADES AND THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.@

* Angelica canbyi.
Angelica lyallii.
*Castilleja oreopola.

Claytonia megarrhiza. (Also

on Mount Jefferson.)
* Dodecatheon tetrandrum.,
Frasera speciosa.
*Hoorebekia hirta.
Hoorebekia lyallii.
Lewisia pygmaea,

* Vemophila brevifiora,
Parnassia fimbriata,

* Pedicularis contorta.
Polygonum alpinum.

* Ranunculus suksdorfii.
Rhododendron albifiorum.
Rumex paucifolius.
Sambucus melanocarpa,
* Silene oregana.

COMMON TO THE BLUE MOUNTAINS AND THE NORTHERN SIERRAS AND

KLAMATH REGION,?

Arenaria dculeata.
*Asclepias crypteceras.
*Aster bloomeri.

Calochortus eurycarpus.

Carduus ochrocentrus.

Caulanthus hastatus.

Cercocarpus ledifolius.

Coleosanthus microphyllus.

Draba lemmoni.
*BHrigeron austinae.
*Erigeron bloomeri.

Galium bifolium.
*Gentiana simpler.

Gilia micromeria.

Gilia tenerrima.,

SPECIES COMMON TO THE MOUNT STUART REGION,

Tvesia baileyi.
Oenothera scapoidea,
*Pellaca breweri.
*Phaca bolanderi.
Physaria newberryi.
Poa bolanderi.
*Potentilla breweri.
*Salix lemmoni,
*Sedum debile,
*Smelowskia fremontii.
Sphacrosciadium capitellatum.
Thalictrum fendleri.
*Trifolium beckwithii,
*Trifolium plummerae.

THE BLUE MOUNTAINS, AND THE

KLAMATH REGION.

Agoseris retrorsa.
*Arabis lemmoni.
*Arabis suffrutescens,
Bikukulla uniflora.
*Bromus suksdorfii.
Claytonia megarrhiza.
Cordylanthus capitatus,
Bricameria nana.
Eupatorium occidentale.
*Hoorebekia greenei.
*Hoorebekia greenei mollis.

Ivesia gordoni.,
Ledum glandulosum.
Lewisia triphylla.
*Melica fugar.
Melica stricta,
Spiraea densiflora,
Spraguea umobellata,
Stipa lemmoni.
*Veronica cusickii.
*Viola beckwithii,
Viola purpurea.

No especial attempt has been made to determine what species are
absent from the Blue Mountains which might be expected to occur
there. It is especially striking, however, that all the forest trees of

« Species marked with an asterisk are confined to the above regions.
+’ Species marked with an asterisk are confined to these three regions.
¢ Species marked with an asterisk are confined to these two regions.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. cL

the adjoining Bitterroots reach the Blues excepting the higher alpine
Larix lyallii and the giant cedar (Thuja plicata). The absence

‘of the last tree is the more marked as it is common throughout the

Bitterroots, even on most of the outlying peaks.

Some few other plants common in the Bitterroots are likewise
absent from the Blues. Among them are Frasera fastigiata, Mitella
stauropetala, Pentstemon pinetorum, Coptis occidentalis, and Asarune
caudatum.

The explanation of this peculiar interrelation in the floras of these
distant mountains is probably to be sought in two facts. First, these
mountain regions are alike in being composed wholly or largely of
granite rocks; second, the intervening portion of the Cascades is

~ wholly made up of volcanic rocks.

THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.

The greater part of this range lies within the State of Oregon.
Its central portion, known as the Powder River Mountains, consists
of granitic peaks which rise to an altitude of 2,400 to 2,700 meters
(7,000 to 9,000 feet). Surrounding this granjte center are lower
mountains composed wholly of basalt. Such is the case with the
portion which extends into Washington.

Occupying as they.do a nearly central position in the Columbia Ba-
sin, quite widely separated from the Cascade Mountains to the west-
ward and the scattered mountains southward, while almost contig-
uous to the outlying ranges of the Bitterroots to the east, peculiar-
ities in the constitution of the flora of these mountains would be ex-
pected. That such is the case was recognized by their earliest ex-
plorer, Douglas, who made no less than three trips into this rather
unique region.

The general facies of the flora is that of all the other mountains
surrounding the Columbia basin. The great majority of the plants
are identical with those of the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains
and scarcely a smaller proportion with those of the adjacent moun-
tains in Idaho.

An analysis of the remaining portion of the Blue Mountains flora
shows that it consists of several elements of diverse origin which
combine to make it peculiar. These elements are, first, those species
that are known to occur only in the Blue Mountains; second, those
species which are common to the Rocky Mountains but which do not
reach the Cascades, and third, those species which are also of more or.
less local distribution in the Cascade Mountains.

The plants known to be limited in distribution to the Blue Moun-
tains are neither numerous nor strikingly different from their nearest
relatives. In themselves they indicate scarcely more than that their

72

origin is comparatively recent.

- CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

It is worthy of note that a large pro-

portion of them are habitants of the higher granitic portions of the

mountains.

W

The list is as follows:

SPECIES CONFINED TO THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.

Allium collinum.
Allium macrum.
Allium madidum,
Aragallus cusickii.
Calamagrostis cusickii.
Castilleja cusickii.
Castilleja rubida.
Castilleja rustica.
Draba cusickii.
Elymus nitidus.
Erigeron chrysopsidis.
Brigeron membranaceus.
Eriogonum strictum,
Frasera cusickii.
Lappula hispida.
Lathyrus cusickii.
Lathyrus rigidus.
Lomatium cusickii.

Lomatium oreganum.,
Lupinus cusickii.
Lupinus sabinei.
Lupinus sulphureus.
Madia ramosa.
Pentstemon cusickii.
Pentstemon venustus.
Phaca cusickii.
Physaria oregana.
Potentilla brevifolia.
Primula cusickiana,
Pteryxia foeniculacea.
Pteryxia thapsoides.
Quamasia cusickii.
Ranunculus populago.
Senecio condensatus.
Sitanion latifolium.
Townsendia alpigena.

The Rocky Mountain element consists of a considerable number of
species, including some genera which otherwise do not occur in

ashington or Oregon.

Most of these are confined to the higher

granitic peaks, very few occurring within Washington limits. The
presence of this Rocky Mountain element is undoubtedly a direct
result of immediate contiguity, though the species may have been

isolated on these remote peaks for a long period.

It is noteworthy

that a number of the list reach the Sierra Nevada but not the Cas-
eades. The species are as follows:

SPECIES THAT OCCUR ALSO IN THE ROCKIES BUT NOT IN THE CASCADES.

Androsace septentrionalis.
Anemone parviflora.
Arabis microphylla.

Aster elegans.

Aster integrifolius.

Aster scopulorum.

Carex hystricina.
Conioselinum scopulorum.
Corallorhiza corallorhiza.
Draba alpina.

Draba glacialis.

Erigeron armeriaefolius.
Erigeron coulteri.
Briogonum piperi.

Britrichium elongatum.
Galium bifoliwm.
Hedysarum mackenzii.
Lepidium montanum.
Leucocrinum umbellatum.
Ligusticum tenuifolium.
Peraphyllum ramosissimum.
Phaca aboriginwn.

Phaca kentrophyta.
Polemonium conrfertum.
Pinus flexilis.

Salix fernaldit.

Senecio renifolius.
Thlaspi glauca.

|

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. is

PLANTS KNOWN TO OCCUR ONLY IN WASHINGTON.

There are 158 recognized species and 27 subspecies of vascular
plants which have thus far been found only within the confines of
Washington. They are as follows:

Ee ee eee

Agastache occidentalis. |

Agropyron flexwosum.

Agropyron saxicola.

Agropyron spicatum puberu-
lentum.

Allium crenulatum.

Alsine washingtoniana.

Ambrosia artemisiaefolia di-
versifolia.

Amelanchier cuneata.

Angelica canbyi.

Antennaria confinis.

Antennaria hendersoni.

Antennaria latisquama.

Antennaria leucophaeda.

Antennaria tomentella.

Apocynum ciliolatum.

Arabis atrorubens.

Arabis subvillosa secunda.

Arabis whitedii.

Arnica betonicaefolia.

Artemisia atomifera.

Aster elmeri.

Aster wattii.
Atriplex zosteracfolia.
Cacaliopsis nardosmia gla-
brata. :
Calamagrostis inexpansa bar-
bulata.

Calamagrostis langsdorfii lac-
tea.

Calamagrostis tweedyi.

Campanula piperi.

Capnorea fulcrata.

Capnoree villosula.

Carex nebraskensis ultri-
formis.

Carex paddoensis.

Castilleja angustifolia abbre-
viata. ;

Castilleja angustifolia
whitedii.

Castilleja elmeri.

Castilleja Jevisecta.

Castilleja miniata dixonii.

Castilleja crispula.

Castilleja rupicola.:

Castilleja suksdoryfii.

Clematis suksdorfii.
Coelopleurum maritimum.
Crataegus piperi.

Crepis glareosa.

Crepis rostrata. :
Cynomarathrum brandegei.
Delphinium viridescens.
Delphinium xantholeucum.

' Douglasia dentata.

Drymocallis glabrata.

Epilobium mirabile.

Elymus condensatus pubens.

Elymus virescens.

Erigeron aureus.

Erigeron curvifolius.

Erigeron leibergii.

Brigeron poliospermus.

Eriogonum donglasii ramo-
sum.

Eriogonum minimum,

Briogonum tolmieanum.

Eriogonum umbellatum hypo-
leium.

Brysimum arenicola.

Eucephalus paucicapitatus.

Fragaria crinita.

Galium cymosum.

Hemieva violacea.

Hesperogenia stricklandi.

Heuchera glabella columbiana.

Heuchera racemosa.

Hookera bicolor.

Hydastylus borealis.

- Hydastylus brachypus.

Hypericum bryophytum.

Isoetes echinospora flettii.

Isoetes minima.

Isoetes piperi.

Juncus columbianus.

Lappula ciliata.

Lappula cottoni.

Lappula hendersoni.

Lappula saxatilis.

Lathyrus obovatus — stipula-
ceus.

Lathyrus pauciflorus tenuior.

Leptotaenia watsoni.

Lesquerella douylasii.

74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Ligusticum purpurewm.
Lomatium macrocarpum arte-
misiarum,
Lomatium suksdorfii.
Lupinus alpicola.
Lupinus sarosus.
Lupinus subalpinus.
Lupinus subsericeus.
Lupinus voleanicus.
Madia erigua macroccphala,
Melica bella intonsa.
Mentzelia brandegei.
Mertensia canescens.
Mertensia infirmda.
Mertensia laevigata.
Mertensia platyphylla.
Mitella micrantha.
Monardella discolor.
Monardella nervosa,
Navarretia klickitatensis.
Oreocarya celosioides.
Oreocarya leucophaea.
Oreocarya spiculifera.
Orthocarpus barbatus.
Oryzopsis hendersoni.
Pedicularis ornithorhyneha,
Pentstemon gairdneri hians.
Pentstemon pruinosus.
Pentstemon rupicola.
Pentstemon variabilis.
Phaca arrecta leibergii.
Phaca glarcosa.
Phaca lyalilii.
Phaca sclerocarpa.
Phaca serotina.
Phaca sinuata.
Phaca speirocarpa.
Phaca suksdorfii.
Phaca tweedyi.
Phacelia lenta.
Physaria geyeri.
Phlox lanceolata.
Phlox viridis.
Phlox whitedii.
Poa cottoni.
Poa curtifolia.
Poa leckenbyi.
Poa pachypholis.
Poa suksdoryfii.
Polemonium amoenum.
Polemonium elegans.

Polemonium pectinatum.
Potentilla permollis.
Quamasia suksdorfii.
Rainiera stricta.
Ranunculus triternatus.
Ribes watsonianum,
Rubus hesperius.
Rudbeckia alpicola.
Savrifraga apetala.
Sedum divergens.
Senecio condensetus,
Senecio elmeri.
Senecio flettii.
Senecio foetidus.
Senecio fraternus.
Senecio vaseyi.
Silene suksdorfii.
Sitanion basalticola.
Sitanion latifolinmn.
Sitanion planifolium.
Nitanion rubesccis.
Solidago caurina.
Sphaeralcea longisepala.
Sphaerostigma hilgardi,
Spiraea cinerascens,
Spiraea hendersonii.
Stipa comata intonsa,
Stipa elmeri.
Stipa thurberiana.
Symphoricarpos acutus.
Synthyris pinnatifida tomen-
tosa.
Synthyris schizantha.
Talinum spinescens.
Teucrium occidentale visei- -
dum.
Thelypodium streptanthoides.
Therofon majus intermedium.
Trillium crassifolium.
Utricularia intermedia.
Vaccinium deliciosum.
Vagnera racemosa brachys-
tyla.
Valeriana columbiana.
Valerianella aphanoptera.
Valerianella mamillata.
Veratum caudatum.
Veronica allenii.
Viola flettii.
Viola trindfvata.
Xanthium oligacanthum.,

Two of the genera included above, Rainiera and Hesperogenia, are

monotypic.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 15

PLANTS WHICH PROBABLY WILL BE FOUND TO OCCUR IN
WASHINGTON.

The following list consists of species which are known either to
oceur both in Oregon and British Columbia, or else to grow within
13 kilometers (10 miles) of the Washington boundary. Most of
them will probably be found to occur in Washington localities:

Agrostis howellii Scribner. Rooster Rock, Oreg.

Allium cusickii S. Wats. Bluffs epposite Lewiston, Idaho.

Andromeda polifolia I. Priest Lake, Idaho.

Arnica aurantiaca Greene. Blue Mountains, Oreg., and Chilliwack, B. C.
Aster cordalenus Hend. Lake Coeur d’Alene, Idaho.

Aster lyalli A. Gray. Priest Lake.

’ Astragalus howellii A. Gray. Near The Dalles, Oreg.

Brachyactis frondosa (Nutt.) Gray. The Dalles, Oreg.

Carex interior Bailey. Chilliwack Valley, B. C.

Chiogenes hispidula (.) Torr. & Gray. Priest Lake. ‘
Cyperus houghtoni Torr. Upper Ferry, near Lewiston, Idaho.
Delphinium trolliifolium A. Gray. South bank of Columbia below Cascades.
Brigeron howellii A. Gray. Near the Cascades of the Columbia, Oreg.
Eriophorum angustifolium Roth. Chilliwack Valley, B. C.
Hupatorium purpureum lL. Saturna Island, B. C.

Festuca reflexa Buckl. Portland, Oreg., and Vancouver Island.
Howellia aquatilis A. Gray. Sauvies Island, Oreg., and Kootenai County, Idaho.
Lepidium idahoense Heller. Lewiston, Idaho.

Lilaea subulata H. B. K. Oregon and Vancouver Island.

Lomatium donnellii Coult. & Rose. Near Lewiston, Idaho.

Microseris bigelovii A. Gray. Oregon and Vancouver Island.
Mimulus clivicola Greenman. Thatuna Hills, Idaho.

Mimulus scouleri Hook. Tongue Point, Oreg.

Mitella stauropetala Piper. Thatuna Hills, Latah County, Idaho.
Myosurus sessilis 8. Wats. Near Arlington, Oreg.

Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) Hoffm. Saturna Island, B. C.

Poa invaginata Scribner & Williams. Mitchells Point, Oreg.

Salix proliza Anders. Mouth of Fraser River, B. C.

Sanicula marilandica L.. North Idaho.

Savastana macrophylla (Thurb.) Beal. Sauvies Island, Oreg.

Scirpus macounii Holm. Chilliwack Valley, B. C.

Sullivantia oregana Wats. Multnomah Falls, Oreg.

76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF VASCULAR PLANTS .
OF WASHINGTON.

POLYPODIACEAE. FERN FaAmILy.

Indusium wanting, the sori naked.
Sori elongated, following the veins, often branched or netted. . Ceropreris (p. 76).

Sori round.

Leaves pinnatifid; sori large, on the tips of the veins -. -- - Potyropium (p. 70).
Leaves ternate or twice to thrice pinnatifid; sori small, on
the -backsiof- the veins —.4:0 204 sa. sen ake eaeeaene ses PHEGOPTERIS (p. 77).

Indusium present.
Sori marginal covered by the more or less modified margin
of the leaf (false indusium).
Sporangia on a marginal vein which connects the ends

of the lateral vomléte..2.<23<e005c5sace<s seer nee Preriprum (p. 78).
Sporangia at or near the ends of unconnected veins.
False indusium continuous ........-.-...------+-- PeLuaka (p. 78).

False indusium not continuous.
Sporangia on the under side of the false in-

QUBIOM! Look kk Be ee. ADIANTUM (p. 78).
Sporangia on the leaf surface beneath the false
WORN 65), s 2 seen ok eee tae cees ests CHEILANTHES (p. 79).

Sori not marginal nor covered by a false indusium.
Fruit-bearing veins parallel to the midrib; sori linear.
Sori nearest to the margin; leaves of two sorts ...-. SrRUTHIOPTERIS (79).
Sori nearest to the midrib; leaves all alike .......-- Woopwarpta (p. 79).
Fruit veins not parallel to the midrib; sori not linear.
Sori oblong, on oblique veins.

Leaves pinnate, small, firm............------- AsPLENIUM (p. 80).
Leaves bipinnate, large, flaccid .......-.-..--- ATHYRIUM (p. 80).
Sori round.

Induslum conspicuous, peltate or reniform,
Leaves firm, coriaceous; indusium peltate.. PoLysticuum (p. 80).
Leaves membranaceous; indusium reniform. Drygpreris (p. 81).
Indusium inconspicuous, not peltate or reniform.
Indusium under the sorus, stellately divided. Woopsta (p. 82).
Indusium hooded, fixed by a broad base.... Fitrx (p. 82).

CEROPTERIS.

1. Ceropteris triangularis (Kaulf.) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 29: 630. 1902.
GOLD-BACK FERN.

Gymnogramme triangularis Kaulf. Enum. Fil..73. 1824.

Gymnopteris triangularis Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 84. 1900.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in California.” Collected by Chamisso.

RancGE: British Columbia to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Gardner 392. Also reported from Eatonville,
Flett, and from near Port Angeles.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

POLYPODIUM.
Leaves leathery; veins more or less netted. ........-.--------------- 1. P. scouleri.
Leaves membranous; veins free.
Pinnae attenuate, acute or acuminate.............-.----------- 2. P. occidentale.

Pitas Wort OINGHES oe ogee: hg 22592 s estes ore ores 3. P. hesperium.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. — Liss

. Polypodium scouleri Hook. & Grey. Icon. Fil. 1: pl. 56. 1829.
LEATHER-LEAF POLYPODY.

Polypodium pachyphyllum D. C. Eaton, ag Journ. Sci. LI. 22: 188. 1856.

Tyre Locauity: Not ascertained.

Rance: British Columbia to California along the coast. -

SprOIMENS EXAMINED: Granville, Conard 320; Fort Canby, Bruner, October 29, 1881.
Zona bistriBuTION: Humid Transition.

2. Polypodium Goomentale (Hook.) Maxon, Fern Bull. 12: 102. 1904.

LicoricE POLYPODY.
Polypodium vulgare occidentale Hook. F1. Bor. Am. 2: 258. 1840.

Polypodium falcatum Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 1: 20. 1854.

Type Locauity: “On rocks and decayed wood, common near the confluence of the
Columbia with the sea.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Alaska to California in the coast region.
_ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 300; Port Ludlow, Binns, August 20, 1888; Clal-
lam County, Elmer 2811; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition 11; Castle Rock, Piper,”
‘October 31, 1901.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Polypodium hesperium Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 200. 1900.

Type Locauity: ‘In Coyote Cafion, Lake Chelan, Washington.” Collected by Gorman.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper,
August, 1895; Stehekin, Whited 1392; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 703; without locality,
Vasey 41; Cape Horn, Piper 5013, 5015; Mount Baldy, Conard 288; Kettle Falls, Beattie &
Chapman 2225.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian to Arctic.

This species is the basis for the record of Polypodium vulgare L. in Suksdort’s List.

PoLypopiuM CALIFoRNICUM Kaulf. (Polypodium intermedium Hook. & Arn.) is reported
from the Columbia River, collected by Scouler, in Hooker’s Flora 2: 258. It is quite
certain that there is a mistake here either as to locality or as to identity.

PHEGOPTERIS. BeEEcH FERN.

Plant densely tufted; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid. - - Fi eee 1. P. alpestris.
Plants spreading by rootstocks; leaves triangular.
Leaves bipinnatifid; rachis winged..............-..-.----------- 2. P. phegopteris.
Leaves ternate, the stalked divisions pinnate or bipinnate; rachis
WINGS Ss ative ge See ba boo dong uces anew kee et 5 ae esee 3. P. dryopteris.

1. Phegopteris alpestris (Hoppe) Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 83. 1856.

Polypodium alpestre Hoppe, Taschenb. 216. 1805.

Tyrer LOCALITY: European.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Clallam County,
Elmer 2806; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Henderson, August
10, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2111; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 658; Wenache region,
2,120 meters altitude, Brandegee 1222; Bridge Creek, Elmer 636.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

2. Phegopteris phegopteris (L.) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 462. 1893.
Phegopteris polypodioides Fée, Gen. Fil. 243. 1850-52. '
Polypodium phegopteris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1089. 1753.
Polypodium phegopteris minus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 258. 1840.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Habitat in Europae fagetis et in Virginia.”
Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Iowa, and Virginia. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2035.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

3. Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée, Gen. Fil. 243. 1850-52.

Polypodium dryopteris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1093. 1753.

Polypodium dryopteris rigidius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 259. 1840.

TYPE LocALity: European.

Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Virginia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2813; Whidby Island, Gardner 372; Port
Ludlow, Binns, June 18, 1889; Silverton, Bouck in 1899; Snoqualmie, Parker, August, 1892;
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 659; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 778, Whited 1436; Horse-
shoe Basin, Elmer 732; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Davis Ranch, Kreager 212, 185;
Ione, Kreager 404; Mount Carlton, Kreager 275.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mostly Canadian.

ADIANTUM.

1. Adiantum pedatum aleuticum Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 49. 1845.
MAIDEN-HAIR FERN.

Adiantum pedatum rangiferinum Burgess, Proc, Roy. Soc. Canada 44: 11. 1887.

Type Locauity: Unalaska.

Rance: Alaska to Quebec, south to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2809; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg
820; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 661; Elmer 723;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2030; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Seattle, Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Canadian.

PTERIDIUM.

1. Pteridium aquilinum pubescens Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 91. 1900.
Bracken.

Pteris aquilina lanuginosa Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 176. 1832, not Pteris
lanuginosa Bory 1810.

Type cocauity: Sitka.

Rance: Alaska to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fish Lake, Dunn, August, 1900; Wenache Mountains, Whited
1416; Tumwater Canyon, Sandberg & Leiberg 520; Wawawai, Beattie, July 12, 1902; Clea-
lum Take: Cotton 1852.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, abundant; Arid Transition, occasional.

PELLAEA.
Veins manifest; leaves oblong, pinnate, the segments oblong, obtuse,
MOL crowded) 2c- se coe oso See as eee ee ope Nee te re ae 1. P. occidentalis.
Veins concealed; leaves ovate, tripinnate, the linear acute segments
CROWOed 28.5 oe ccs ee oe re ee res sere Eis ee 2. P. densa.

1. Pellaea occidentalis (E. Nelson) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 466. 1900.

Pellaea atropurpurea occidentalis E. Nelson, Fern Bull. 7: 30. 1899.

Pellaea pumila Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 4. 1900.

TYPE Locauity: “In a.cafion in the Laramie Hills,” Wyoming.

Rance: South Dakota to Wyoming and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2083.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Doubtful.

2. Pellaea densa (Brack.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 150. 1858.

Onychium densum Brack. in Wilkes Exped. 16: 120. ¢. 13. 1854.

TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Oregon, on the banks of Rogue’s River.”

Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2810; Mount Stuart, Esmer 1105; Sand-
berg & Leiberg 821; Stehekin River, Vie 1385; Blue Mountains, Horner 526; within
locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably Hudsonian.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 79

CHEILANTHES.

Leaf-blades glabrous above, bipinnate; ultimate segments mostly entire. . 1. C. gracillima.
Leaf-blades pubescent above, tripinnate or tripinnatifid; ultimate seg-
TROUPE TOOUUO: ogc s <5 ele SOs bette ood eae ene Se eae 2. C. feer.

1. Cheilanthes gracillima D. C. Eaton, Bot. Mex. Bound. 234. 1859. LACE FERN.

Type Locauity: ‘Cascade Mountains of Oregon at 7,000 feet altitude, lat. 44°.”
Collected by Newberry.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2814; Olympic Mountains, Piper 1054;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 521; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 1211; Stehekin River, Whited 1384;
Lake Chelan, Whited 1396; Bridge Creek, Elmer 660; Saeliae tae Vasey 37, 38.

ZONAL DisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition to Hudsonian.

2. Cheilanthes feei Moore, Index Fil. 38. 1857.
Myriopteris gracilis Fée, Gen. Fil. 150. 1850-52.
Cheilanthes lanuginosa Nutt.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 99. 1858.
Cheilanthes gracilis Mett. Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: 80. 1859-61, not Kaulf.
Tyre Locauity: “Habitat ad rupes circa Hillsboro, in America septentr.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Illinois, south to Arizona and Texas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 1768, 1884.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

CRYPTOGRAMMA.

1. Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. 367. 1823.

Type Locauity: ‘In shady rocky woods, between lat. 56° and 60° north. (First
found by Mr. Menzies at Nootka Sound.)”

Rance: Alaska to the Great Lakes, Colorado, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2807 ; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895;
Flett, July, 1895; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg, August 1, 1893; Skagit Pass, Lake &
Hull 660; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July 27, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 781;
mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 1209; Lake Chelan, Whited 1390; Horseshoe
Basin, Elmer 734; Davis Lake, Kreager, August, 1902; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 235; Cape Horn, Piper 5006, 4978.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: naaéoion and Canadian,

STRUTHIOPTERIS.

1. Struthiopteris spicant (L.) Weiss, Pl. Crypt. 287. 1770. DEER FERN.

Osmunda spicant L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1066. 1753.

Lomaria spicant Desv. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Fr. Berlin 5: 325. 1811.

Blechnum doodioides Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 263. 1840. '

Type tocauity: ‘Habitat in Europa.”

Rance: Alaska to California. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2803; Port Ludlow, Binns, August 20,
1889; Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 774; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

WOOCDWARDIA.

1. Woodwardia spinulosa Mart. & Gal. Mem. Acad. Brux. 15°: 64. 1842.
Woodwardia chamissoi Brack. in Wilkes Exped. 16: 138. 1854.
Type Locatity: Near Mount Orizaba, Mexico.
RanGE: British Columbia to California, Arizona, and Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Steilacoom, Fleét in 1902.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ASPLENIUM.
Sori curved; leaves flaccid, bipinnate, 0.5 to 1 m. long. ........-.--.-- 1. A. cyclosorum.
Sori straight; leaves firm, 6 to 20 em. long, simply pinnate.
Rachis brown; leaf segments oval_....-... 2... so. ttaceu ose ose 2. A. trichomanes.
Rachis green; leaf segments ovate............----------------- 3. A. viride.
1. Asplenium trichomanes L. Sp. PI. 2: 1080. 1753. SPLEEN WORT.

TyPe Locauity: European.

Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Arizona, Texas, and Alabama.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie Falls, Parker, August, 1892; Snoqualmie, Hind-
shaw; East Seattle, Hindshaw; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1228; Cape Horn, Piper
4971; Quinault, Conard 220; Kirkland, Wittenmyer.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Asplenium viride Huds. Fl. ‘Angl. 385. 1762.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in rupibus humidis in comitatibus Eboracensi et Westmor-
Jandica,’’ England.
Rance: Alaska to Oregon, Colorado, and Vermont. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 1216; near Mount Baker, Fett.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian or Arctic.

ATHYRIUM.

1. Athyrium cyclosorum Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 41. 1845.

Type Locauity: ‘‘ Petropawlowsk! et Unalaschka! Kadiak!”’

Rance: Alaska to Nebraska and California. Kamchatka.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson, August 23, 1892; Stehekin, Whited 1387;
Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 771; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 34.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Canadian.

This species has commonly been referred to A. filiz-foemina (L.) Roth, from which it
appears amply distinct.

POLYSTICHUM.
Leaves simply pinnate.
Leal-stalk short; segments triangular or broadly lance-
Ola fe! Se So ce Se ce ed, Ree eee 1. P. lonchitis.
Leaf-stalk long; segments linear-lanceolate.
Leaves 60 to 90 cm. Jong, the segments not over-
lapis isnt 5a Boies ates eeeeeinabaeeetee cadet 2. P. munitum.
Leaves about 30 cm. long, the segments overlapping.. 2a. P. munitum imbricans.
Leaves bipinnate or bipinnatifid.

Sori few; leaves bipinnate at base...........-...-.-.-.- 3. P. lemmoni.
Sori numerous; leaves bipinnatifid at base. -.....-..---- 4. P. scopulinum.
1. Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 71. 1800. HOLLY FERN.

Polypodium lonchitis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1088. 1753.

Aspidium lonchitis Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 18002: 30. 1801.

Type Locauiry: “Habitat in alpinis Helvetiae, Baldi, Arvoniae, Monspelii, Virginiae.”’

Rance: Subarctic regions southward to California, Colorado, and Wisconsin. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper,
August, 1895; Goat Mountains, Allen, August 5, 1895; Skamania County, Suksdorf
2056; mountains near Ellensburg, Brandegee 1220; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 659.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 81

2. Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 83. 1836.

Aspidium munitum Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 236. 1824.

Type vocauity: ‘Habitat in California.’’ Collected by Chamisso. .
_ Ranae: Alaska to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2808; Montesano, Heller 4035; Seattle,
Piper, December, 1893; head of Twisp River, Whited 38; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.
- Zonav pistriBuTion: Humid Transition.

2a. Polystichum munitum imbricans (D.C. Eaton) Maxon, Fern Bull. 8: 30. 1900.
. Aspidium munitum imbricans D. C. Eaton, Ferns N. Am. 1: 188. 1879.

Type Locauity: “In Plumas County” and “at Red Mountain, Mendocino County,”
California. ;

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2815; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July,
1893; Lake Chelan, Whited 1382; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 662; Tumwater Canyon
Bandberg & Beiberg 517; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Chelan, Gorman 641.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian or Hudsonian.

,

3. Polystichum lemmoni Underw. Our Native Ferns. ed. 6. 116. 1900.

Type LocaLity: ‘‘ Near Mt. Shasta, California.”’

Rance: Alaska to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1114; Sandberg & Leiberg 812; Brandegee
1219.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

4. Polystichum scopulinum (D.C. Eaton) Maxon, Fern Bull. 8: 29. 1900.

Aspidium aculeatum scopulinum D. C. Eaton, Ferns N. A. 2: 125. 1880.

Type Locauity: “In the Upper Teton Cafion in Eastern Idaho.”’

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1113; Mount Adams, Henderson in 1883;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 707; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2084; Eatonville, Fett.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian to Hudsonian.

Flett’s Eatonville specimens were referred to P. californicum (D. C. Eaton) Underw.,
but that species is not known to occur in Washington.

DRYOPTERIS.
Veins simple or once forked; leaves glandular... ..........-.-.- 1. D. oreopteris.
Veins freely forking.
Jndusia with*marginal glands... ...........-....0e025-26- 2. D. spinulosa dilatata.
Indusia without marginal glands......-......-...-.-.-...- 3. D. filia-mas.

1. Dryopteris oreopteris (Sw.) Maxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 638. 1901.
Aspidium oreopteris Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 18007: 35. 1800.
Polypodium montanum Vogler, Dissert. Polyp. Mont. 1781, not Lam. 1778.
Type LocaLity: European.
RanGE: Alaska to Washington. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bridge Creek, Elmer 671.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian..:

2. Dryopteris spinulosa dilatata (Hoffm.) Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 4: 116.
1893. Woop FERN.
Polypodium dilatatum Hoftm. Deutadls F]. 2: 7. 1795.
Aspidium spinulosum dilatatum Hook. Brit. Fl. 444. 1830.
TYPE LocaLity: Germany.
Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Montana, and Virginia. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2804; Montesano, Heller 3919; Samish -

29418—06 m——6

82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Lake, Suksdorf 1029; Lake Cushman, Henderson 1206; Tacoma, Flett 140, 141; Skoko-

mish Valley, Kincaid, May 17, 1892: Bridge Creek, Elmer 670; without locality Vasey

1889. *
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834. MALE FERN.

Polypodium filiz-mas L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1090. 1753.

Aspidium filiz-mas Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800?: 38. 1801.

Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae sylvis.”’

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Michigan, and Nova Scotia. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1230.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

FILIX.

1. Filix fragilis (L.) Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 119. 1900. BLADDER FERN.

Polypodium fragile L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1091. 1753.

Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. Schrad. Neu. Journ. Bot. 17: 27. 1806.

Tyre Locauity: European.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Kansas, and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2812; Mount Rainier, Piper, August 12,
1889, 2106; upper Naches River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1219;
Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 26, 1892; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 351; We-
nache Mountains, Whited 1075; Waitsburg, Horner 260; without locality, Vasey 49; Almota,
Piper, May 2, 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic.

WOODSIA.
Leaves viscid-puberulent; lobes of the indusium broader at base... ..... 1. W. scopulina.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; lobes of the indusium hair-like. .......-. . 2. W. oregana.

1. Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. IL. 2: 90. 1865.

Type Locauity: ‘Rocky Mountains near 40° north latitude, Parry, Hall and Harbour;
Columbia River, Brackenridge; Frazer River, near 49° north latitude, Mrs. John Miles.”

RanGe: Alaska to Ontario, Colorado, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg foothills, Elmer 418; White Salmon, Suksdorf in
1879; Wenache River, Brandegee 1224; Rainbow Falls, Whited 1407; Stehekin, Whited
1391; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Spokane, Dewart; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4975. -

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, mostly arid.

2. Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. IJ. 2: 90. 1865.

Woodsia obtusa lyallii Hook. Syn. Fil. 48. 1868.

_ Type Locauity: “Dalles of the Columbia River, Major Raines; Rocky Mountains near

40° north latitude, Hall and Harbour.”

Rance: British Columbia to the Great Lakes, south to California, Arizona, and Nebraska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1877, Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 422; Coulee City, Piper 3850; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman,
May 27, 1896; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1734; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Davis Ranch, Kreager 218; near Spokane, Kreager 171; Coulee City, Piper
3850; Republic, Beattie & Chapman 2258.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

ee a,

a ee

a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 83

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE.
Sterile portion of leaf simple, entire; veins netted...............-...... OPHIOGLOssUM.
Sterile portion of leaf pinnately divided or compound; veins free. -.-_... - Borrycuium,.
OPHIOGLOSSUM.
“1. Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1062. 1753. ADDER’S TONGUE.

Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europae pratis sylvaticis.”

Rance: Washington to Arizona, Texas, and Maine. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf, June 26, 1895; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 1218.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION; Humid Transition.

BOTRYCHIUM. Grape FERN.

Bud in a cavity at one side of the base of the stem; leaves thin, ternate,
phen pinnately much divided. ....<. 22.25 cnc. oe e eee Soe ees 1. B. virginianum.
Bud inclosed in the base of the stalk.
Sterile portion of leaf arising near the base of the rather large plant. 2. B silaifolium.,
Sterile portion of leaf arising near the middle of the usually small

plant.

Green part of leaf oblong, its segments fan-shaped.
Segments truncate at base, overlapping ................ 3. B. lunaria.
Segments. cuneate at base, distant ..................... 4. B. onondagense.

Green part of leaf triangular or ovate, the segments not fan-

shaped.

Segments lanceolate, acute; midvein continuous. ......- . 5. B. lanceolatum.
Segments oblong-ovate, obtuse; midvein dissipated... .- 6. B. neglectum.

1. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 18007: 111. 1801.
Osmunda virginiana L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1064. 1753.
TypE Locauitry: “ Habitat in America.”
Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Washington, Arizona, Texas, and
Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 906.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Botrychium silaifolium Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 76. 1825.

Botrychium occidentale Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 25: 538. 1898.

TypE LocaLity: “‘Hab. in Nootka-Sound.”

Rance: British Columbia and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Henderson 1852; Seattle, Tarleton, July, 1894;
Piper, October, 1892; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 639; Usk, Kreager 360; Lake
Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897. ®

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

This species appears in Suksdorf’s List as Botrychium ternatum Swartz.

3. Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 18002: 110. 1801.

Osmunda lunaria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1064. 1753.

TYPE. Loca.ity: European. .

Rance: Washington to Colorado and Labrador and northward. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith, October, 1888; Mount Adams, Suksdorf,
July 11, 1886.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

The Mount Adams specimen is the basis for the inclusion of Botrychium simplex Hitch-
cock in Suksdorf’s List. |

84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

4. Botrychium onondagense Underw. Pull. Torr. Club 30: 47. 1903.
Type Loca.ity: Near Split Rock, Syracuse, New York.
Rance: Washington, Montana, Michigan, and New York.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains at foot of Mount Steele, Piper 928.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Doubtful.

5. Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Angs. Bot. Notiser 1854: 68. 1854.
Osmunda lanceolata S. G. Gmel. Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Petrop. 12: 516. 1768.
TYPE Locauiry: European.

Rance: Washington to Colorado, Pennsylvania, and northward. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Foot of Mount Rainier, Allen, August 2, 1899.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably Canadian.

6. Botrychium neglectum Wood, Classbook Bot. 635. 1847.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Growing in woods, Meriden, N. H.”
Rance. Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, South Dakota, and Maryland.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1220.

MARSILEACEAE.

MARSILEA.

1. Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. pl. 159. 1832.

Type Locauity “Ad flumaen Columbiam, ora occidentali Americae Septentrionalis.”’

tANGE: British Columbia to Kansas and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 227; opposite mouth of Wenache River,
Watson 470; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 119; Columbia River Valley, Brandegee
1225; Wenache, Whited 1426; Pasco, Hindshaw 35; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 657; Pull-
man, Piper 1736; Henderson 2431; Almota, Piper, September 9, 1896; Sentinel Bluffs,
Cotton 1347. :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

SALVINIACEAE.
AZOLLA.

1. Azolla caroliniana Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 541. 1810.
Type voca.ity: ‘Hab. in aquis Carolinae.”
Rance: British Columbia to Ontario, south to Florida and Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1216.
ZONAL DISTRIBU™ION: Upper Sonoran.

EQUISETACEAE.
EQUISETUM. Horseratv.

Stems evergreen, perennial; spike tipped with a rigid point.
Plant tall and stout; stems many-grooved, 0.5 to 2 meters high.

Stems rough-tuberculate, dark green... .. -- ee A 1. E. hyemale.

SrOmMa-AMOoen PANG cna) s on tk bot ae howd Semse bpavene 2. E. laevigatum.
Plants tufted, slender; stems 5 to 10-grooved.

Sheaths 5 to 10-toothed; stems hollow. ..........----------- 3. E. variegatum.

Sheaths 3-toothed; stems solid................-.----e--e+-<- 4. E. scirpoides.

a

—— =r ee le e”:hlUee

— ee ee ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 85

Stems annual; spikes not mucronate.
Fertile stems pale-brown, short-lived; sterile with many branches.

Stems slender, 6 to 10-furrowed.............--------------- 5. E. arvense.
Stems stout, 20 to 40-furrowed............-..«---------.--- 6.E. telmateia.
Fertile stems green like the sterile, naked or branched.
Stems obscurely ridged; sheaths appressed. ......-..-------- 7. £. fluviatile.
Stems acutely ridged; sheaths loose...-.......-.-.--------- 8. E. palustre.
1. Equisetum hyemale L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1062. 1753. SCOURING RUSH.

Type Locatity: ‘“ Habitat in Europae sylvis, asperis, uliginosis.”’
as gens British Columbia to New England, south to California and Georgia. Europe.

ia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1243, 2161, 2162; Wenache,
Whited, May 17, 1896; Waitsburg, Horner, February 1, 1897; Pullman, Elmer 294, July 2,
1896; Port Discovery, Wilkes Expedition. —

Lira, DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Canadian.

Mr. A. A. Eaton considers that this variable species consists of sree definable sub-
species. Ours are thus classified:

Ridges with 2 rows of tubercles. .....-..-.-- Seer ene hyemale californicum Milde.
Ridges with bands of silex.
Sheaths loose; stems stout .........-....-----... hyemale intermedium A. A. Eaton.
Sheaths close; stems with fertile branches... .- .- - hyemale suksdorfii A. A. Eaton.

The first subspecies has commonly been referred to EF. robustum A. Br.

2. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Am. Jour. Sci. 46: 87. 1844.
Type Loocatity: “On the banks of the river, below St. Louis,’’ Missouri.
Rance: British Columbia to New York, south to California, Texas, and Georgia.
‘SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2135; North Yakima, Hen-
derson 2263 and May 26, 1892; White Salmon, Suksdorf 317; without locality, Vasey, 1889;
Old Fort Colville, Watson 472; Pullman, Piper 1733 and June 20, 1893; Kiona, Cotton 735.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Equisetum variegatum Schleich. Cat. Pl. Helvet. 27. 1807.
TYPE LocaLity: Switzerland.
RanGe: Arctic America, south to Nevada and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2099.

4. Equisetum scirpoides Michx. Fl. 2: 281. 1803.
Type Loca.ity: “Hab. in vetustis sylvis Canadae.”’
Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Illinois, and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Box Canyon, Kreager 389; lone, Kreager 405.

5. Equisetum arvense L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1061. 1753.
Equisetum saxicola Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 93. 1901.
Type Locaity: ‘Habitat in Europae agris, pratis.”’
Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to California and New England. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Everett, Piper, July, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2163;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1238; Pullman, Piper, May 15, 1893; Elmer 210, May, 1897.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition mainly.

6. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Hannoy. Mag. 138. 1783.

Type Locatity: European.

Rance: British Columbia to California. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; March, 1892; upper Valley Nis-
qually, Allen 175; Wenache, Whited 19, May 17, 1895; near Bingen, Suksdorf 1237; White
Salmon, Suksdorf 315.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

7. Equisetum fluviatile L. Sp. Pl. 1: 1062. 1753.

Equisetum limosum L. loc. cit.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europa ad ripas lacuum, fluviorum.”

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington and Virginia. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: New London, Lamb 1203 and June 12, 1897; Lake Cushman, Piper,
August, 1895; Henderson 1190; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2164 and August 17, 1892; Seat-
tle, Piper, July 10, 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian.

One of Suksdorf’s specimens was distributed and included in his list as E. littorale Kihle.

8. Equisetum palustre L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1061. 1753.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae aquosis.”
Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington and New York. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 46.

LYCOPODIACEAE.

LYCOPODIUM. CLuBMoss.

Sporangia in the axils of ordinary leaves.

Sporangial leaves forming a terminal spike. ..........-.-.----- 1. L. inundatum.
Sporangial leaves subterminal, the terminal leaves sterile.
Stems rigid; leaves all alike, ascending.......... -.-... 2. D. selago.

Stems not rigid; leaves spreading, of two sorts, long and short. 3. L. lucidulum.
Sporengia in the axils of modified leaves crowded in spikes.
Stems leafy up to the spikes or nearly so.

Leaves 6 to 8-ranked, spreading.............-.-.-.---.--- 4. L. annotiunm.

Lick vee D-Tankad, BPNIONNOd.cs. 56 ss dec seancse ew aesnee = 5. L. sitchense.
Stems of the fruiting branches nearly naked.

Leaves. all‘alike; ateme'cylindric.... <- 5.65056 s2ccced sss 6. L. clavatum.

Leaves of two forms; stems flattened. .........-.-.------- 7. L. complanatum.

1. Lycopodium inundatum L. Sp.Pl. 2: 1102. 1753.

Tyre Locauity: European.

Rance: Washington to Newfoundland, south in the Alleghanies to Georgia. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chambers Lake near Olympia, Henderson 2048; Spanaway Lake,
Flett.

2. Lycopodium selago L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1102. 1753.

Type Loca.iry: European.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Michigan, and Carolina. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2232; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1390;
Mount Baker, Fett 162; Snoqualmie Falls, Parker, August, 1892; Snoqualmie Pass, Piper,
August, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Bridge Creek, Elmer 686.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

38. Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. Fl. 2: 284. 1803.

Type Loca.ity: “Hab. a Canada ad Carolinam Montosam.”’

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Washington, Iowa, and North
Carolina.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skykomish River, Wittenmyer; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg
777; Mount Baldy, Conard 276.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

——— se Oe -)h sl ll ll ee eee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. | 87

4. Lycopodium annotinum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1103. 1753.

Type Locatity: European.

Ranoe: Labrador to Alaska, south to Washington, Colorado, and New York. Europe.
Asia. ;

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2110; Big Meadows, Kreager 412.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

5. Lycopodium sitchense Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 30. 1845.

Type Looaity: Sitka.

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Oregon and New York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2527; Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1398;
Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper 2098; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 779;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer, September, 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

This species has commonly, but erroneously, been referred to L. alpinum L.

6. Lycopodium clavatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1101. 1753.

Type LocaLity: European.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Michigan, and North Carolina.
Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2454; Port Ludlow, Binns, August 15,
1890; Silverton, Bouck 214; Mashel River, Piper 2105; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1030;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 728; without locality, Vasey 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

7. Lycopodium complanatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1104. 1753.
Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europae and Americae septentrionalis sylvis acerosis.”’
Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, the Great Lakes, and Virginia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Keechelus, Piper, 1887; Stampede Pass, Henderson 2535; .
Big Meadows, Kreager, August, 1902; Box Canyon, Kreager 399.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian?

SELAGINELLACEAE.
SELAGINELLA.
Leaves of two sorts, the lateral ones much larger_......-..------.-.-.- 1. S. douglasii.
Leaves all alike.
Stem flaccid, often very long; leaves not bristle-tipped ......... - 2. S. struthioloides.

Stems rigid; leaves bristle-tipped.
Leaves much crowded; stems 5 to 10 em. long.............. 3. S. densa.
Leaves less crowded; stems 10 to 30 em. long............-.. 4. 8. rupestris.

1. Selaginella douglasii (Hook.) Spring, Monog. 2: 92. 1841.

‘Lycopodium douglasii Hook. & Grev. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 268. 1840.

Lycopodium ovalifolium Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 177. 1831, not Desv. 1823.

Type Loca.ity: “Hab. in oris occidentalibus Americae septentrionalis.”’ Collected by

Douglas.

RanGE: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Joseph Howell 35; Piper 4965.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Selaginella struthioloides (Presl) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 25 : 132. 1898.
Lycopodium struthioloides Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 82. 1830.
Selaginella oregana D. C: Eaton in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2 : 350. 1880.
Type Locaity: “Hab. in Nootka-Sund.”’

8& CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Near the seacoast, British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Southbend, Piper in 1900; Laban, Piper 3820; Quinault,

Conard 174.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

8. Selaginella densa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 7. 1900.
Type Locauity: ‘Little Rocky Mountains,’”’ Montana.
Rance: Washington to Montana and Nebraska.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Piper, May 26, 1894.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring; Mart. Fl. Bras. 1?: 118. 1840.
Lycopodium rupestre L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1101. 1758.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Virginia, Canada, Siberia.”
Rance: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lillewaup, Piper, September, 1890; Klickitat County, Suksdorf

66; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall 1376; Cape Horn, Piper 4964.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

In a recent paper by Hieronymus a large number of new species allied to Selaginella
rupestris are proposed. Three of these are from Washington and Oregon, namely:

Selaginella haydeni Hieronymus, Hedwigia 39: 296. 1904.

Selaginella wallacei Hieronymus, op. cit. 305.

Selaginella sartorvi oregonensis Hieronymus, op. cit. 305.

The type of the last is one of the Lyall specimens above cited.

ISOETACEAE.
ISOETES. QuiLtwort.

Plants of shallow water or muddy places; leaves with stomata.
Stems 3-lobed; leaves setaceous. :

Velum incomplete; megaspores spinulose.........-..- 1. 1. minima.
Velum complete; megaspores warty.........-.----- 2. 1. nuttallir.
Stems 2-lobed; leaves not setaceous .............-.----- 3. I. howellii.

Plants aquatic, often in deep water; stems bilobed.
Stomata absent.
Megaspores marked with irregular ridges............ 4. I. paupercula.

Megaspores with low distinct warts.............---- 5. 1. piperi.
Stomata present.
Leaves erect; megaspores tuberculate............... 7. I. bolanderi.
Leaves recurved.
Megaspores spinulose; microspores smooth. . .. . - 6a. I. echinospora braunii.

Megaspores tuberculate; microspores spinulose .. 6b. I.echinospora flettii.

1. Isoetes minima A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. 6: 30. 1898. Py
TYPE LocaLity: Near Waverly, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waverly, Suksdorf.

2. Isoetes nuttallii A. Br.; Engelm. Am. Nat. 8: 215. 1874.
Isoetes suksdorfii Baker, Handbook Fern Allies 132. 1887.
TyPE Loca.ity: “On the Columbia.” Collected by Nuttall.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 917.

3. Isoetes howellii Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 4: 385. 1882.
Isoetes nuda Engelm. 1. c.
Tsoetes underwoodii Henderson, Bot. Gaz. 23: 124. 1897.

Tyre Loca.ity: “On the borders of ponds at The Dalles of the Columbia, Oregon.” Col-
lected by Howell.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 89

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cusick, Stevens County, Piper 4209; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 335.

4. Isoetes paupercula (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 649. 1901.
Jsoetes lacustris paupercula Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 4: 377. 1882.
Isoetes occidentalis Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 358. 1900.
Type LocALity: Grand Lake, Middle Park, Colorado.
Rancoe: Washington to California and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Gorman.

5. Isoetes piperi A. A..Eaton, Fern Bull. 13: 51. 1905.
Type Locauity: “Green Lake, near Seattle, Washington.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green Lake, Piper 2317.

6a. Isoetes echinospora braunii (Durieu) Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 676. 1867.
Isoetes braunii Durieu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 101. 1864.
Type Locauity: Not ascertained.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Elmer, August, 1897; Ponds, Mount Rainier,
Piper 131; Bitter Lake, Piper in 1890.

6b. Isoetes echinospora flettii A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. 13: 51. 1905.
Type Locauity: ‘Spanaway Lake,” Pierce County, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spanaway Lake, Piper 2125; Flett 949.

‘7. Isoetes bolanderi Engelm. Am. Nat. 8: 214. 1874.

TypE LocALity: Tuolumne, California.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2375; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2370;
Yakima region, Brandegee.

TAXACEAE. Yrw Famity.
TAXUS.
1. Taxus brevifolia Nutt. Sylva 3: 86. pl. 108. 1849. WESTERN YEW.

Tyre Locatiry: “In the dense maritime forests of the Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia, south to Tulare County, Cal., eastward to Montana and the .
Blue Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Arbutus Point,
Henderson, July, 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 204; Port Ludlow, Binns, Septem-
ber 5, 1890; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Kittitas County, Sandberg
& Leiberg 699; Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896; without locality, Vasey 57; Olympic
Mountains, Elmer 2486.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

The western yew is by no means an abundant tree, occurring only scattered through
rich, moist woods. It is, perhaps, most plentiful on the Olympic peninsula. The largest
individuals reach a height of perhaps 12 meters and a diameter of 75 cm. In Hooker’s
Flora this species was referred to the European Taxus baccata L., to which it is closely allied.

PINACEAE. Pine Famity.

Seales of the fruit few, opposite; leaf-buds naked.

Hruit Reshy end erty-like...2- 35 fo 3.502 eee t osu oe JUNIPERUS (p. 90).
Fruit a dry cone. | ;
Scales of the cone shield-shaped....-.-.-.-.--------- CHAMAECYPARIS (p. 91).

Scales of the cone oblong, not peltate.......--------- TuusA (p. 91).

90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Scales of the fruit numerous, alternate; leaf-buds scaly.
Leaves in clusters.
Clusters ensheathed at base, containing 2,3, or 5leaves... Pinus (p. 91).
Clusters not ensheathed at base, containing many leaves. Larix (p. 92).
Leaves solitary.

Cones erect; scales deciduous - ...........--2..-.2.--- ABIEs (p. 93).
Cones pendent; scales persistent.
Branchlets smooth; bracts 3-toothed............-- PsrupotsuGa (p. 94).
Branchlets roughened by the persistent leaf-bases.
Leaves petioled, not pungent .....-.-.......- TsuGa (p. 94).
Leaves sessile, pungent-pointed .......-.-.-.. Pucga (p. 95).
JUNIPERUS.
Prostrate alpine shrub; leaves all subulate ....................- 1. J. communis.
Erect shrubs or trees; leaves of two forms.
Leaves very resinous, dark green ..............--+---e.--- 2. J. occidentalis.
Leaves not resinous, often glaucous........-.-----.------- 3. J. scopulorum.

1. Juniperus communis sibirica (Burgsd.) Rydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 533. 1896.

Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Anleit. Holz. no. 272. 1787.

Juniperus communis alpina Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 276. 1812,

Juniperus communis montana Ait. Hort. Kew 3: 414. 1788.

TypPE Loca.ity: Siberia.

Rance: Arctic regions, south in the mountains to California, Colorado, and Maine.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2487; Stevens Pass, Sandberg &
Leiberg 768; Mount Rainier, Piper 2099; Loomis, Elmer 600; Mount Adams, Henderson,
August, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic or rarely lower.

Common in the mountains at from 900 to 2,100 meters elevation. Hooker refers Tolmie’s
Mount Rainier specimens to J. communis L., but they belong to the above subspecies.

2. Juniperus occidentalis Hook. Fl]. Bor. Am. 2: 166. 1839. _WESTERN JUNIPER.

Tyre Locauity: ‘Common on the higher parts of the Columbia, at the base of the
Rocky Mountains, where it attains a height of 60-80 feet, and a diameter of 2-3 feet.”
Collected by Douglas.

RanGe: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Eltopia, Cotton 1022 in 1903.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

This is the only known station for the western juniper north of Oregon. The exact place
is locally known as Ryegrass Coulee or Juniper Canyon, some 30 miles southwest of Kahlo-
tus and near Fishhook Ferry on Snake River. The junipers occur in scattering groves on
the floor of the coulee, the largest groves being about 100 acres in extent. None of the
trees are over 7 meters high.

3. Juniperus scopulorum Sargent, Gard. & For. 10: 420. 1897.

Rocky MOuNTAIN JUNIPER.
Type LocaLity: Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado. re
Rance: Vancouver Island eastward to Montana and south in the Rocky Mountains to

Arizona; also in the Black Hills.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orcas Island, Henderson, July, 1892; Sucia Island, Randolph,
October, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1001; Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; near Lake Chelan,
lake & Hull 631; Spokane, Tondaraon July, 1892; Piper, September, 1896; Peshastin,
" Sandberg & Leiberg 471; without locality, Vasey 58, Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2488;
Ione, Kreager 407; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2116; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1359; Everett, Piper.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 91

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mostly Arid Transition, but also Upper Sonoran. It also reap-
pears in the Humid Transition in northwest Washington.

There is some doubt as to whether the form found in western Washington is identical
with that of the interior. Better and more copious material is needed to determine the
point definitely.

CHAMAECYPARIS.

1. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Lamb.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 11: 333. 1842.
ALASKA CEDAR. YELLOW CEDAR.

Cupressus nootkatensis Lambert, Gen. Pinus 2: 18. 1824.

Chamaecyparis nutkaensis Spach, Hist. Veg. 11: 333. 1842.

Type Locatity: Nootka Sound.

Rance: Alaska south to Mount Jefferson, Oregon, mainly in the Cascade and Coast
Mountains; perhaps in north Idaho.
_ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Henderson 2047; Elmer
~ 2481; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 854; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 632; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 796; Mount Rainier, Piper
2103; Allen 207; Goat Mountains, Allen 207a.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

THUJA.

1. Thuja plicata Donn, Hort. Cantab. ed. 6.249. 1811. GIANT CEDAR.

Thuja gigantea Nutt. Journ. Phila. Acad. 7: 52. 1834.

Type LocaLity: Nootka Sound. Collected by Menzies.

RanGeE: Southern Alaska to northern California, eastward to Montana, and south to the
Salmon River, Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 599; Olympia, Henderson, April, 1892; Port Lud-
low, Binns, September 9, 1890; Nisqually Valley, Allen 304; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 495;
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 637; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 483; Colville, Lyall in 1860;
without locality, Vasey 63; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2484; Stehekin, Whited 1407.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition mainly.

For illustration of a giant cedar forest see frontispiece.

PINUS.
Leaves 5 in each fascicle; scales of the cones unarmed.
Cones oblong-cylindric, 10 to 30 em. long........-.-.-.---------- 1. P. monticola.
Cones ovate or globose, 4 to 8 cm. long............-------------- 2. P. albicaulis.
Leaves less than 5 in each fascicle; scales of the cones armed.
Fascicles containing 3 leaves; cones large........-.-.-.-.-+------ 3. P. ponderosa.
Fascicles containing 2 leaves; cones small...........-.-.----.---- 4. P. contorta.

1. Pinus monticola Dougl. in Lambert, Desc. Gen. Pinus ed. 2. 3: 27. t. 87. 1837.
WESTERN WHITE PINE.

Type Loca.ity: Not ascertained.

Rance: Southern British Columbia, south to central California, eastward to western
Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2485; Port
Ludlow, Binns; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Horseshoe Basin, Okanogan
County, Elmer 862; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen
315; without locality, Vasey 51.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Canadian.

In Hooker’s Flora our species was mistaken for its eastern relative P. strobus.

2. Pinus albicaulis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 209. 1868. | Wuirk-BARK PINE.
Pinus cembroides Zucc. err. det. Newberry, Pac. R. R. Rep. 6: 44. 1857.

92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type Loca.itry: Cascade Mountains, Oregon, about latitude 44°. Collected by Newberry.

Rance: British Columbia, south in the Cascades and Sierras to San Bernardino County,
California, eastward to western Montana and to the Blue Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2095; Smith 1089; Mount Adams, Hender-
son, August 9, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

In Lyall’s report this pine is erroneously referred to as P. flexilis Jamés.

3. Pinus ponderosa Dougl.; Lawson, Man. Agr. 354. 1836. YELLOW PINE. BULL PINE.

Type Loca.ity: Washington, on the Spokane River. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to South Dakota, southward to Texas and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1351, 1356; Steamboat Rock,
Grand Coulee, McKay 19.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition, but Serene in the Upper Sonoran.

This is the common forest tree of eastern Washington. West of the Cascade Mountains
it occurs locally on the gravelly prairies, as near Hillhurst. For illustrations of yellow-
pine forests see Plates XIV and XV, facing pages 49 and 50.

4. Pinus contorta Dougl.; Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2292. f. 2210, 2211. 1838.
SHORE PINE. LODGEPOLE PINE.

Pinus murrayana Balf. in Murray, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon ¢. 3. f. 2. 1853.

Pinus contorta hendersoni Lemmon, Erythea 2: 176. 1894.

Pinus tenuis Lemmon, Erythea 6: 77. 1898.

Type Locauity: “In North-West America, in swampy ground near the sea coast; and
abundantly near Cape Disappointment and Cape Lookout.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Heller 3946; Mount Rainier, Allen 308; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf, September 28, 1896; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 474; Whited 1356; McAllisters
Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, September 29, 1896, and 1259;
Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Piper,
July 31, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transitional to Canadian.

This pine is very variable and by some botanists considered to consist of two species.
The typical P. contorta of Douglas is the scrubby tree so common along the ocean coast
near the share. Away from the coast it occurs either in sterile gravelly soil or in sphagnum
bogs. It is usually a small tree, but occasional examples are met 90 cm. in diameter and 30
meters or more high. East of the Cascade Mountains it forms the ‘‘ lodgepole pine,’’ Pinus
murrayana of some botanists. This ordinarily forms dense forests, often of considerable
area, in nearly pure growth, the trees being very uniform in size, 20 or 25 cm. in diameter
and 18 to 22 meters high. But occasional specimens are found 90 cm. in diameter and 45
meters high.

If there are any characters by which contorta and murrayana may be distinguished botan-
ically, they remain to be pointed out. None of the slight differences heretofore relied upon
are at all constant.

Some of the earlier botanical writers referred to our tree erroneously as Pinus inops Sol.
or Pinus banksiana Lamb.

LARIX.
Alpine tree; branchlets and bud scales woolly .............-.-------- 1. L. lyallii.
Subalpine tree; branchlets and bud scales glabrous..........--------- 2. L. occidentalis.

1. Larix lyallii Parl. Enum. Sem. Hort. Reg. Mus. Flor. 259. 1863. WOOLLY LARCH.
Type Locauity: ‘Cascade Mountains et Galton Ranges Rocky Mountains, latitudinis
9° ad.2109 et 2300 m.”’ Collected by Lyall.
Rance: Mountains of British Columbia, south to Mount Hood, Oregon, and to the Lolo
Pass, Idaho.

et Oe Re Rite ging, a Se

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE* OF WASHINGTON. 93

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Brandegee, July, 1883; Cascade Mountains, lati-
tude 49°, Lyall in 1860; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1352.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

One of our rarest conifers, most plentiful on the Wenache Mountains and northward.

2. Larix occidentalis Nutt. Sylva 3: 143. ¢. 120. 1849. ' WESTERN LARCH.

Type Loca.ity: ‘In the coves of the Rocky Mountains on the western slope toward
the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall.

RANGE: Cascade Mountains of British Columbia and Washington eastward to Montana
and south to the Blue Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches River, Henderson, June 10, 1892; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 212; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper,
August 2, 1896; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 812.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Canadian.

ABIES.

Cones with conspicuous reflexed bracts........-.-...-----.---------.- 1. A. nobilis.
Cones with the bracts concealed.
Leaves notched at apex, usually spreading horizontally on the
PRAMCNCE: COMER POCO So ocx cine das s'eres kaa Saves Reneeesias 4. A. grandis.
Leaves not notched at apex, mostly acute, not horizontally spread-
ing; cones purple.

Alpine tree; cones puberulent, 5 to 7 cm. long..........------ 2. A. lasiocarpa.
Subalpine tree; cones not puberulent, 7 to 10 cm. long......-.- 3. A. amabilis.
1. Abies nobilis Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 30. 1833. NOBLE FIR.

Type Locauity: Collected by Douglas on high mountains, Oregon, near the Cascades
of the Columbia.

RanGeE: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; Olympic Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 314; Piper in 1889; Mount Baker, John-
son; Soleduck River, Olympic Mountains, Sargent.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian or Hudsonian.

2. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Sylva 3: 138. 1849 ALPINE FIR.

Pinus lasiocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 163. 1842.

Abies subalpina Engelm. Am. Nat. 10: 555. 1876.

Type Locauity: “Interior of N. W. America.’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Alaska southward in the mountains to Oregon and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Cascade Mountains, lati-
tude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Goat Mountains, Allen 312; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 31, 1896;
Mount Rainier, Piper 2101.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

The Olympic Mountains form of this species often has exserted bracts to the cones. The
form on the Blue Mountains has much larger cones than that occurring on Mount Rainier.
For illustrations of this species see Plate XVII, facing page 60.

3. Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, Pinetum Wob. 125, ¢. 44. 1839. AMABILIS FIR.

Picea amabilis Dougl.; Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2342. 1838.

Type Loca.ity: Collected by Douglas on high mountains, Oregon, near the Cascades
of the Columbia.

RanGE: British Columbia, south in the Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon;
also in the Olympic Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895; Mons Rainier, Allen 313;
Piper in 1888.

94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.
Mr. Suksdorf informs me that the Abies magnifica Murr.? of his list is probably only
A. amabilis.

4. Abies grandis Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 30. 1833. WHITE FIR.

Type Locauity: Not ascertained.

Rance: British Columbia south to northern California, eastward to Montana and the
Blue Mountains, Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns,
September 3, 1890; Tacoma, Flett, April 20, 1897; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 311;
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall, July, 1860; Blue
Mountains, Piper, July, 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

The tree recorded from near Mount Rainier by Plummer as Abies concolor (Gord.) Parry
is probably an erroneous identification of a form of A. grandis.

PSEUDOTSUGA.

1. Pseudotsuga mucronata ( Raf.) Sudw. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 266. 1895.
: Rep Fir. DouGLas sPRUCE.,

Abies mucronata Raf. Atl. Journ. 120. 1832. :

Abies douglasti Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 1833.

Pseudotsuga douglasii Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. éd. 256. 1867.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 8: 74. 1889.

Type Locatity: Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon.

Rance: Alaska and British America, latitude 55°, south to southern California, Arizona,
and western Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2480; Nisqually Valley, Allen 209;
head of Grand Coulee, McKay 23; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 811.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Humid Transition.

The commonest tree of the State, making up the bulk of the forest west of the Cascade
Mountains and common in eastern Washington in the upper part of the yellow pine zone.
For illustration of a red fir forest see Plate VII, facing page 36.

Lowland tree; cones '1:to-2 om, long! o-2 505 os cacewgdducsticacdcdinic 1. T. heterophylla,

Alpine (robs Cones DO om lone. nee oe ke Poca aes yaeasol 2. T. mertensiana.

1. Tsuga heterophylla ( Raf.) Sarg. Silva N. A. 12: 73. 1898. | WesTeRN HEMLOCK.

Abies heterophylla Raf. Atl. Journ. 119. 1832.

Type Locauity: Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon.

Rance: Alaska to northern California and western Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2482; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 710; Seattle, Piper, September, 1896; Chambers Lake,
Henderson, August 23, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, September, 1890; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 305; Yakima Pass, Watson 384; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July 26, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

In Cooper’s report and other early botanical works this hemlock was referred to the
eastern 7’. canadensis. For illustration of a hemlock forest see Plate XVI, facing page 58.

2. Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. 6d. 250. 1867.

; ; : BLacK HEMLOCK.
Pinus mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 45. 1832.

Abies pattonana Jeffrey, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon. 1853. a
Tsuga pattoniana Engelm. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 121. 1880.

Tsuga hookeriana Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. éd. 252. 1867.

TYPE Loca.iry: Sitka.

2 Pea SP en

F

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 95

Rance: Alaska to California and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Elmer 2483;
Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Allen 306; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892;
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 871, September, 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

PICEA
heaves flattened :sed-coast tree; =... 22. 22.25. 32-265setecen-be se 1. P. sitchensis.
Leaves quadrangular; subalpine tree .........-.---.---------------- 2. P. engelmanni.
1. Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Traut. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 87. 1856. SITKA SPRUCE.

Pinus sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 164. 1832. -

Abies menziesii Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 1833.

Type Loca.ity: Sitka. ;

Rance: Along the coast from Alaska to northern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2489; Hoquiam, Lamb 1075; Seattle,
Piper in 1885.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

A very abundant tree along the ocean coast, but only locally plentiful on Puget Sound.

2. Picea engelmanni Parry in Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 212. 1863.
: ENGELMANN SPRUCE.

Picea columbiana Lemmon, Gard. & For. 10: 183. 1897.

Type Locatity: “Higher parts of the Rocky Mountains, from New Mexico to the head-
waters of the Columbia and Missouri rivers.’’

Rance: British Columbia, southward to Arizona in the Rocky Mountains, and in the
Cascade Mountains of Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Elmer 473; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 31, 1896; east
side Cascade Mountains, Lyall; without locality, Vasey 64.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Canadian.

The Klickitat County specimens considered by Suksdorf to represent Picea pungens
Engelm. and so listed seem rather to be P. engelmanni.

TYPHACEAE.
fhe’ g As OE

1. Typha latifolia. L. Sp. Pl. 2: 971. 1753. CATTAIL.
Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat in paludibus Europae.”’
Rance: Throughout the northern hemisphere except the Arctic regions.

‘SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1007; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 627;
Pullman, Piper, July 15, 1901; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 532; Stehekin, Griffiths &
Cotton 226; Prosser, Cotton 740.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

The cattail is exceedingly common about lakes and marshes in western Washington and
scarcely less so in eastern Washington. Botanical specimens of it are, however, seldom
gathered.

SPARGANIACEAE.

SPARGANIUM. Bor REED.

Inflorescence branching.
nubs stallkced corn eo ee oe a a et SA ec ey Reale OCeU COL DIMYs
Brita essile- che. soles so oces sede tessas 2 o56 OW ect see an CC OUOCaa,

96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Inflorescence simple,

Stermiserechic- ao. Soaeed pon ts keane see ae eee eee ae 3. S. simplex.
Stems floating.
Nutlets fusiform, dark, 4 mm. long .......-.-..---------- 4. S. angustifolium,
Nutlets oblong, obovate, 2 to 3 mm. long .......-.-.----- 5. S. minimum.

1. Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 430. 1856.
Type cocauity: “Borders of ponds, ete., common northward and especially westward,”
Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California, Utah, and Virginia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kalispel Lake, Areager 488, a doubtful specimen.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 78. 1888.
Sparganium simplex androcladum Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 481. 1867.
Type Locauiry: “From New England southward and especially westward.”
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3865; Seattle, Piper 713; Tacoma, Flett 151;
Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 630; Touchet River, Horner 20.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.
This species was referred to in Cooper's Report as S. ramosum Smith.
8. Sparganium simplex Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 401. 1778.
Type Locauiry: “Circa Norwich,’’ England.
Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Smith 712; Pe-
shastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 600; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July, 1892; without locality,
Vasey in 1889.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

4. Sparganium angustifolium Michx. Fl. 2: 189. 1803.

Sparganium simplex angustifolium Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 481. 1867.

Type Locatity: “ Hab. in amnibus Canadae.”’

Rance: British Columbia to California, east to Ontario and New York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.
5. Sparganium minimum Fries, Sum. Veg. 2: 560. 1846.

TYPE LOCALITY: Scandinavian. ;

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Oregon, Utah, and Pennsylvania.
Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith in 1889; Mount Adams, Henderson, August,

1882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 518; Spokane Falls, Watson 399; without locality, Vasey in
1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian.

POTAMOGETONACEAE.
POTAMOGETON. PonpweEED.

Floating leaves broad; stipules free.
Submerged leaves grass-like.

Stipules long; floating leaves subcordate at base........--- 1. P. natans.
Stipules short; floating leaves attenuate at base.........- ‘. 2. P. nuttallii.
Submerged leaves lanceolate.

Floating leaves 30 to 50-nerved.............-..-.---.--- 3. P. amplifolius.
Floating leaves 10 to 20-nerved.

Petioles of floating leaves short.............-.------- 4. P. alpinus.

Petioles of floating leaves long.

Stinules-qbtnees. oe anes) Ges eee Does 5. P. heterophyllus.

Stipules acuminate....... .

wr ie vic

eee ee

aulell

Za A

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 97

Floating leaves none.
Leaves all oblong or lanceolate. '

Base of leaves clasping; apex acuminate.........-...-.-.. 7. P. perfoliatus.
Base of leaves not clasping; apex not acuminate.
Leaves obtuse, cucullate; sessile......-.-.----------- 8. P. praelongus.
Leaves acute, short-petioled_.........--------------- 9. P. lucens.

Leaves all narrowly linear.
Stipules adnate to the sheathing base of the leaf.

Leaves setaceous, 1 to 5-nerved......-.-.----------- 13. P. pectinatus.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, many-nerved.........-.-.-.- 14. P. robbinsii.
Stipules free.
Leaves tape-like; spike cylindric; fruit large.......-..- 10. P. zosteraefolius.
Leaves not tape-like; spike not cylindric; fruit small. -
; Spike capitate; peduncles very short.....-..---- 11. P. californicus.
} Spike interrupted; peduncles long... ..-....-.--- 12. P. pusillus.

1. Potamogeton natans L. Sp. Pl. 1: 126. 1753.

Type LocaLity: European.

Rance: North America. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Oyhut, Lamb 1259;
Tacoma, Flett 135; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in
1861.

2. Potamogeton nuttallii Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 2: 226. t. 6. f. 25. 1827.

Potamogeton clayioniit Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. 14: 38. 1843.

Type Locauity: None given.

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Nova Scotia and South Carolina.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4072; Ilwaco, Henderson in 1886; Lake Wash-
ington, Piper, September, 1892; Mount Constitution, Henderson 2477; Spokane County,
Henderson 2476; Waitsburg, Horner R16.

8. Potamogeton amplifolius Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 6: 225. 1848.

Type LocALity: Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Rance: British Columbia to Ontario, south to Washington and Nebraska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 421; Pullman, Henderson 2474; Kalispel
Lake, Kreager 441; Whatcom County, Suksdorf, August 1, 1890.

4. Potamogeton alpinus Balbis, Mem. Acad. Turin 7: 323. 1803.

Potamogeton rufescens Schrad.; Cham. Ad. FI. Ber. 5. 1815.

TYPE LOCALITY: European. = +

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and New Jersey.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1879; Trout Creek, Suks-
dorf 2172.

5. Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. Spicileg. Fl. Lips. 21. 1771.

Type Locauity: “In stagno ad Lindenthal,” Germany.

Rance: Throughout most of North America. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 614; Okanogan River, Watson 396;
Tumwater Canyon, Sandberg & Leiberg 524; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, August, 1885.

6. Potamogeton lonchites Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. Il. 6: 226. 1848.

Type Locaity: ‘‘Common in New England and extending southward to Virginia.”

Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to California and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2798; Silver Lake, Henderson 2475;
Okanogan River, Watson 398; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Whitman County, Hen-
derson 2473; Union Flat, Paper, August 4, 1899, without locality, Vasey in 1889.

29418—06 m——7

98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

7. Potamogeton perfoliatus richardsonii Bennett, Journ. Bot. 27: 25. 1889.

Potamogeton perfoliatus lanceolatus Robbins in Gray, Man. ed. 5. 488. 1867, not P. lanceo-
latus Smith, 1824-28.

Type Locatity: ‘‘ Along the Great Lakes.”

Rance: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Nebraska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Washington, Piper, August, 1892; Whatcom River, Gard-
ner 419; Lake Chelan, Dr. T. EF. Wilcox in 1883; Fort Colville, Rocky Mountains, Lyall in
1861; Lake Chelan, Gorman 677; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 809.

The specimen upon which the “ P. crispus L. ?”’ of Suksdorf’s list is based proves to bea
sterile specimen of the above from Lake Washington.

8. Potamogeton praelongus Wulf. Roem. Arch. III. 3: 331. 1803.
Type Locauity: ‘“Laboci Junio Julique in fluvio cognomine, et in fluvio Jschiza.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 2160.

9. Potamogeton lucens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 126. 1753.

Type Loca.ity: “Hab: in Europae lacubus, stagnis, fluviis argillosis.”

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California and New Jersey. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Gorman 703.

10. Potamogeton zosteraefolius Schum. Enum. PI. Saell. 50. 1801.
TYPE LOCALITY: Saellandia.
Rance: Oregon and British Columbia to New Jersey and New Brunswick. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf, August 1, 1890.

11. Potamogeton californicus (Morong).
Potamogeton pauciflorus californicus Morong, Bot. Gaz. 10: 254. 1885.
Type Locatitry: San Diego County, California.
Rance: Washington to California. |
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1802.

12. Potamogeton pusillus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 127. 1753.
Type Locaity: Europe.
Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California, Texas, and Virginia.
Europe. > \
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 761; Okanogan River, Watson 395.

13. Potamogeton pectinatus Li. Sp. Pl. 1: 127. 1%53.
Potamogeton columbianus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901.
-TYPE LocALity: European.
Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California and Florida. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2062: White Salmon, Suksdorf 221; Okanogan River, Watson 394. i

14. Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes, Hovey’s Mag. 7: 180. 1841.
Type Locauity: ‘In Pondicherry Pond, Jefferson, N. H.”
Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Piper 2281; Henderson 1861; Lake Chelan
Gorman in 1898.

PoraMoGEToN PuLcHER Tuck. is listed by Suksdorf. The basis is a sterile plant from Pe
Glenwood, which may belong to P. amplifolius Tuck.

PoraMoGETon Marinus L. is included in Suksdorf’s list based on a sterile plant from
Bingen, which seems to be P. pectinatus L.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 99

NAIADACEAE.
Carpels several to each flower.
Flowers perfect, peduncled; leaves opposite ..........-...---.-.-.. Ruppta.
Flowers monoecious; leaves alternate.........-..----------------- ZANNICHELLIA.
Carpels solitary; flowers monoecious or. dioecious.
Leaves opposite or whorled, denticulate .............--..-.------- Natas.
Leaves alternate, entire, long-linear.
Monoecious; ovaries pendulous ...........-.-.-.------------- ZOSTERA.
Dioecious; ovaries aseending.......-.-.---...-..--.--------- PHYLLOSPADIX.
RUPPIA.
Sheaths'6:to 8mm. long; fruit 2 mm long. ......---.--<22-2-62-2-5 1. R. maritima.
Sheaths 12 to 30 mm. long; fruit 3 to 4 mm. long..-.......-.-.----- 2. R. occidentalis.

1.. Ruppia maritima L. Sp. Pl. 1: 127. 1753.

Type Loca.ity: European.

Rance: In brackish water, nearly cosmopolitan.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2797; Whidby Island, Gardner 348;
Anacortes, Henderson, July, 1892; Ocosta, Henderson, June, 1892; Seattle; Piper 2863.

2. Ruppia occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 138. 1890.

Type Locauity: ‘‘In saline ponds near Kamloops, British Columbia.’’ Collected by
Macoun.

Rance: British Columbia to Washington and Nebraska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull.

ZANNICHELLIA.

1. Zannichellia palustris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 969. 1753.

Type Locaity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europae, Virginiae fossis, fluviis.”

Rance: Throughout most of North America. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2174; Junction Crab and Wil-
son Creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 264; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896.

NAIAS.

1. Naias flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt, Fl. Sed. 384. 1824.
Caulinia flexilis Willd. Abh. Akad. Berlin 95. 1803.
Type Loca.ity: European.
RanGeE: Throughout most of North America. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green Lake, Piper; Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897.

ZOSTERA.

1. Zostera marina L. Sp. Pl. 2: 968. 1753. _EELGRAss.
Zostera oregana Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 131. 1891.
Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in mari Balthico, Oceano.”
Rance: Seacoasts, Alaska to California and Greenland to Florida. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Henderson 2471; Orchard Point, Piper 2314.
Eelgrass is very abundant at about low-tide mark all along the seashore, especially in
quiet water. Fruiting specimens are very rarely found. Better material for study is
much to be desired.

100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
PHYLLOSPADIX.

1. Phyllospadix scouleri Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 171. 1839.

Type LocaLity: ‘‘Dundas Island in the Columbia River,” Dr. Scouler.

RANGE: Seacoast, British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 323.

The other species, P. torreyi Wats., may be expected to occur on the Washington coast,
as it is known from California and from Vancouver Island.

SCHEUCHZERIACEAE.

Leaves basal; flowers in a long spike-like raceme .........-.---.------- TRIGLOCHNS.
Stems leafy; flowers few in a loose raceme.........------------++-+-0- SCHEUCHZERIA,
TRIGLOCHIN.

Carpels:3; trult Jinest OF GIAVALG. 5. . 7. 2<52902 oa Fhe 2s ee es can we see's 1. T. palustris.
Parpels Gr iruit oblong OF OVOIG:. uy. vee oy.cs ce oes 5es com ece eden ceases 2. 7’. maritima.

1. Triglochin palustris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 338. 1753.
Type LocaLity: European.
Rance: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Washington and New York.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Colville, Kreager 52C.
ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Triglochin maritima L. Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1753.

TyPE Loca.ity: Europe.

RanGE: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and New Jersey.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2571; Whidby Island, Gardner 355;
Admiralty Head, Piper; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper 680; Lopez
Island, Lyall in 1858-59; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 617; Lake Chelan, Elmer, September,
1897; Lake & Hull 628; Loomis, Elmer 261; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 210; Medical
Lake, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1378.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

SCHEUCHZERIA.

1. Scheuchzeria palustris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 338. 1753.
TyPE Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Borussiae, Sueciae paludosis.”
Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 693; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1327; White
Salmon, Suksdorf in 1878; Colville to Rocky Mountains, Lyall in 1861; Tacoma, Flett 2226.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

ALISMACEAE.
Carpels in a ring on a flat receptacle; leaves ovate.......- FOIE Se tee fete ALISMA.
Carpels in many series on a convex receptacle; leaves sagittate (in ours).... SAGITTARIA.
| ALISMA.
1. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 342. 1753. WATER PLANTAIN,

TYPE LocaLiry: European.

Rance: Nearly throughout North America, Europe, Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper,
August, 1892; Tacoma, Fle/t 153: west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1317; Ellensburg,
Whited 498; Wenache, Whited 1428; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Columbia River,

sate src anit

ES SM ia DEL RLe eA ae eS

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 101

46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Kalispel Valley, Kreager 363; Usk, Kreager 366; Cotton 432:
Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 694; without locality, Vasey 66; Waitsburg, Horner
21; Pullman, Hull 629; Piper, July, 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

SAGITTARIA. ARrrowHEAD.

Beak of the akene horizontal or oblique, more than one-fourth its length. . 1S. latifolia.
Beak of the akene Jess than one-fourth its length.

Breck) 516-20 mim: long;-bog plant... ...- 2.0. 26504. 5ecesc escent 2. S. arifolia.
Bracts 4:to 6.mm. long; water plant... 2........2-5.--..20c02---0-- 3. S. cuneata.
1. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 409. 1805. Wapato.

Sagittaria sagittifolia macrophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 167. 1839.

Sagittaria sagittifolia vulgaris Hook. loc. cit.

Sagittaria esculenta Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 679. 1903.

Type Locauity: “Habitat a Canada ad Carolinam.”

Rance: Throughout most of North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper, August,
1892; Chambers Lake, Henderson, August, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 673.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This is the wapato or wappatoo, formerly an important food plant of the Indians. The
introduction of the European carp into the Columbia River has nearly caused the exter-
mination of this plant, where it used to be abundant.

2. Sagittaria arifolia Nutt.; J. G. Smith, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 32. 1894.

Type LocALity: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Quebec, south to California and Kansas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1318; Lake Chelan, Lake &
Hull, August, 1892; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Union Flat, Piper 3049, 3049; Lake & Hull 626;
Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 806.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2a. Sagittaria arifolia stricta J. G. Smith, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 34. 1894.
Type Loca.ity: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington. _Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 674.

8. Sagittaria cuneata Sheld. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 283. 1893.
Tyre Toca.ity: ‘‘East Battle Lake, Otter Tail County,’’ Minnesota.
RancGE: Washington to Minnesota, north to British Columbia and Saskatchewan.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Phileo Lake, Spokane County, Suksdorf 2262.

.
’

VALLISNERIACEAE.
ANACHARIS.

1. Anacharis canadensis (Michx.) Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 11: 75. 1849.
Elodea canadensis Michx. Fl. 1: 20. 1803. WATERWEED.
Philotria canadensis Britton, Science II. 2: 5. 1895.
Type Locauity: “Hab. in rivulis Canadae.”
Ran@E: Throughout most of.North America.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green Lake, Piper, September, 1898; Lake Chelan, Gorman in
1897.

102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

POACEAE. Grass FAMILY.

KEY TO THE TRIBES.

Spikelets, 1 or 2-flowered.
Rachilla articulated below the glumes, the spikelet 1 or 2-flowered,
when 2-flowered the lower staminate.

Glames 27 apikelets tathened |< 2-4 conan csot se wale een =a sie OryYZEAE.

Glumes apparently 3 or 4; spikelets not flattened..........-.... PANICEAE.
Rachilla articulated above the glumes.

Glumes apparently 4; palea l-nerved .........-..------------ PHALARIDEAE.

Glumes'2}: pales: 2-nerved. <5 ..scic.c esas ee nn eee on kwce sane AGROSTIDEAR.

Spikelets 2 to many-flowered.
Inflorescence a panicle or raceme.
Lemma shorter than the glumes, usually with a bent awn arising

FOGINS MIC SORON Soe carers nto os cre a een aig se Gle ars Galan eae AVENEAE.
Lemma longer than the glumes, awnless or with a straight apical
BON re Seas tag ee Taal Sateen Sa ew eed orm, cnscammoay pie FresTUCEAE.
Inflorescence a spike.
Spikelets crowded in 2 rows, forming one-sided spikes... ..-..... - CHLORIDEAE.
Spikelets in. 2: Opposite FOWs. 36.6 ye tye ee eG vaca ease aes Horpear.

KEY TO THE GENERA,

ORYZEAE.,
Flowers perfect; glumes and lemmas keeled..............- HomMA.ocencurus (p. 104).
PANICEAE,
Spikelets in one-sided racemes or spikes.
First glume very small .......................--.---- SYNTHERISMA (p. 104).
First glume well developed .................-.-.---.- PASPALUM (p. 104).
Spikelets not in one-sided racemes or spikes.
Inflorescence dense; pedicels bearing bristles .....-... - CHAETOCHLOA (p. 106).
Inflorescence loose} pedicels not bristly ............... Panicum (p. 105).
PHALARIDEAE.

Spikelet with 3 florets, the uppermost perfect, the others stami-
TOT I pate eee ees een yA ie Re gles ren en, i ee Mee ere Ia A SAVASTANA (p. 106).
Spikelet with 1 perfect floret, the Jateral ones reduced to ster-
ile lemmas.
Sterile lemmas bifid? awned ..................-.--2--- ANTHOXANTHUM (p. 106).
Sterile lemmas awnless, very small..........-.-.-...- Puavaris (p. 106).

AGROSTIDEAE.

Lemma with a long terminal awn, and closely embracing the

grain.
Fruiting lemma thin and membranaceous........_..-- MUHLENBERGIA (p. 110).
Fruiting lemma firm and indurated.
AWG -DEONCDRG 5 oe oy ee cc ake in see AristipA (p. 107).
Awns simple.
Twisted, persistent on the lemma............ Stipa (p. 107).
Straight, deciduous from the lemma.......... Oryzopsis (p. 109).

+

ee eS ee ee eee ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 103

Lemma awaless or short-awned, and loosely enveloping the grain.
Inflorescence a dense spike.
Spikelets early deciduous; Jemma with a dorsal awn... ALOPEcURUS (p. 110).
Spikelets persistent ; lemma awnless or with a terminal

awn.
Spikes ovoid; glumes long-awned......-.------- PoLypogon (p. 111).
Spikes cylindric; glumes not long-awned......... PHLEUM (p. 111).
Inflorescence a loose panicle.
UO ULLICIOSS. = =. tuicct sci otis ast ekret es etel este Sporopovus (p. 112),
Fruit a grain.
ak ee Pelet, l-nerved::stamen l=. 2-2 ssis2recse-<2 cee se Cinna (p. 113).
Palet 2-nerved; stamens 3.
Glumes none; plant, minute ........-.-.-.- CoLeanruus (p. 114).
Glumes 2.
Callus with a tuft of long hairs at base... CALAMAGROsTIS (p. 114),
Calas hehote oo odes see seas aoe Acrostis (p. 118).
AVENEAE.

Perfect flower only one, the other staminate.

Lower flower perfect; upper staminate and awned. .---.-.- Hotcus (p. 121),
Lower flower staminate, long-awned; second flower perfect,
MIEN ce Fae cate Sticke ek eect eens we one a AEB ENATHERUMA DS aL)
Perfect flowers 2 or more.
Rachilla not prolonged beyond the upper flower..........- Aira (p. 121).

Rachilla prolonged beyond the upper flower.
Awn of the lemma arising between the two terminal

POON cee Pa ohaws bie euesces estore a= ee Se eee MERATHREPTA (p. 122).
Awn of the lemma dorsal.
Florets large, more than 15 mm. long.......-.--- AVENA (p. 123).
Florets small, less than 15 mm. long.
Lemma erose-truncate.........-...-.---.-- DEscHampsia (p. 123).
Letonia 2-toothed 6. 22 scion seeecee caves TRISETUM (p. 124).
FESTUCEAE.,

Lemma 3-nerved, rarely 1-nerved.
Rachilla with long hairs......................--+-+----- PHRAGMITES (p. 125).
Rachilla glabrous or with short hairs.
Glumes obtuse, very unlike, the upper inclosing the

HOW OT Ss ee ae oe A eer wee re eens ee Estonia (p. 125).
Glumes subequal, acute.
Panicle close; spikelets 2 to 4-flowered .........- Koeceria (p. 126).
Panicle loose; spikelets usually many-flowered. ... ERAGrRostis (p. 126).

Lemma 5-nerved or more. .
Spikelets with the upper florets sterile and folded about each

TRLIBE oe toes Care ck at wala p Se mead o See he heb ae ee ROA Cin ees
Spikelets with the upper florets perfect, or narrow and abor-
tive.
Keels of the palea winged. ©. ....<:..-.---..s2+ e022 - PLEUROPOGON (p. 128).
Keels of the palea not winged.
Stigmas arising below the apex of the ovary... -- Bromus (p. 141).

Stigmas arising at the apex of the ovary.
Lemmas compressed and keeled.

104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Lemmas awn-pointed..........------- Dacrytis (p. 128).
Lemmas pointless.
Glumes 1 to 3-nerved......-...--. Poa (p. 128).
Glumes 5-nerved or more... -...--- Disricuis (p. 135).
Lemmas convex or rounded on the back.
Lemmas acute or awned........-.-.---- Festuca (p. 135).
Lemmas obtuse and scarious at apex.
Prominently 5 to 7-nerved........- PAanicucaria (p. 139).
Obscurely 5-nerved........-.--.--. PuccinELuiA (p. 141).
CHLORIDEAE.
Pedicel jointed above the persisting glumes; spikes digitate..... Caprtona (p. 146).
Pedicel jointed below the glumes.
Spikelets much flattened; glumes unequal, keeled... .. .- - Spartina (p. 145).
Spikelets subterete; glumes equal, convex ......-.-.--.--- BeckMANNIA (p. 145).
HORDEAE,
Spikelets mostly solitary at each joint of the rachis.
Spikelet-DOW ONO -<36s Soc sore ceo aaa ate a Seon ewes ScorrBNeriA (p. 146).
Spikelet several-flowered.
Placed edgewise on the rachis .............-.------- Lotium ©. 146).
Placed flatwise'on the rachis’. .......-..<<ees0stcecns AGROPYRON (p. 146).
Spikelets two or more at each joint of the rachis.
Spikelets i-flowered <s.5 i se2556. 25 oii e2 30 2s cpa cuslwaes Horpevum (p. 149).
Spikelets 2 to many-flowered.
Rachis continuous -..-... -- Sagat ante . Evymus (p. 150).
Rachis readily separating into Bons dytis (cians see doar eins SITANION (p. 153).
HOMALOCENCHRUS.
1. Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. Hist. Pl. Palat. 1: 52. 1776.

Leersia oryzoides Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Oce. 21. 1788.

Phalaris oryzoides L. Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Virginiae paludibus nemorosis.”

Rance: Newfoundland to Washington, south to Florida, Texas, and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1889; North Yakima, Leckenby, August, 1897.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

PASPALUM.

1. Paspalum distichum L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 391. 1759.
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Columbia River, Leckenby, October, 1900; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf.

Introduced along the banks of the lower Columbia River.

SYNTHERISMA.

1. Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 420. 1895. | Crasarass.
Panicum sanguinale L. Sp. Pl. 1: 57. 1753.
Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. F). Carn. ed. 2. 1: 52. 1772.
Syntherisma praecor Walt. Fl. Car. 76. 1788.
Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in America, Europa australi.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1920.
Sparingly introduced as a weed in grass seed.

oil
w=

As age

ee

*
Se ee nd be Ree

——s—- mmr ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE. OF WASHINGTON. 105
PANICUM.

Spikelets in one-sided racemes, awned; summit of the palet free .... . 1. P. crus-galli.
Spikelets in open panicles, awnless; summit of the palét ipclosed 3 in
glume.
Annual, spikelets pointed.
Culms 15 to 25 cm. high, slender; spikelets 2.5mm. long... 2. P. barbipulvinatum.
Culms 40 cm. or more high, stout; spikelets 3.5 mm. long . 3. P. hirticaulum.
Perennial, spikelets obtuse.

Culms stout; spikelets 3 mm. long........-.-.-.------- 4. P. scribnerianum.
Culms slender; spikelets 1.5 mm. long. ........-.---.--- 5. P. occidentale.
1. Panicum crus-galli L. Sp. Pl. 1: 56. 1753. BARNYARD GRASS.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in Europae et Virginiae cultis.”

Rance: A native of Europe widely established as a weed.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Alma, Elmer 530; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2329; Almota,
Piper, September, 1896; Wawawai, Lake 87; Davis Lake, Kreager 441; Marcus, Kreager 460.

2. Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 21. 1900.
Panicum capillare brevifolium Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 5: 21. 1897,
not P. brevifolium L. 1753.

Tyre Locauity: “Manhattan, on a shaded sand bar in the Gallatin River,’ Montana.

Rance: Washington to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White River, Vasey 66; Chelan, Elmer 484,848; Kittitas County,
Sandberg & Leiberg 431; North Yakima, Henderson 2219; Watt, August, 1895; Fort
Colville, Lyall in 1860; Watson 445; Whitman County, Lake & Hull 63; Dry Creek,
Whitman County, Vasey 65; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

38. Panicum hirticaulum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 308. 1830.
Tyee Locatity: “Hab. ad Acapulco, Mexico.”
Rance: Washington to Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Bingen, Suksdorf 2320.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

4. Panicum scribnerianum Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 421. 1895.

Panicum scoparium minor Scribn. Bull. Univ. Tenn. 7: 48. 1894, not Panicum pubescens
minus Poir. : Lam. Encycl. 4: 272. 1816.

Type Locatity: “Middle Tennessee.”

RANGE: Maine to Washington, south to Alabama ‘ne Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alki Point, Piper 804; Seattle, Smith 804; Tacoma, Flett 11;
American Lake, Smith, May, 1890; between Olan and’ Gate City, Heller 4058; Gontade
Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859, Ophir, Elmer 509; Old Fort Colville, Watson 443; Watewar,
Elmer 763; Brodie, June, 1898.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

All references of Panicum scoparium Lam. to Washington refer to P. scribnerianum.
With little doubt also the Columbia River specimens referred by Hooker to P. viscidum Ell.
are the same.

5. Panicum occidentale Scribn. Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10: 48. 1899.

Panicum pubescens Lam. err. det. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 306. 1830.

Type Locauity: “Hab. in Nootka-Sund,” Vancouver Island.

Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho,

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Woodlawn, Henderson,
June 22, 1892; Yelm, Smith, July 20, 1890; Enumclaw, Vasey 72; Montesano, Heller 3978;

‘

106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Union City, Piper 939; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 118; Chelan, Elmer 489; Wenache,
Whited 1249; Tumwater Canyon, Whited, August, 1901; Little Baldy, Spokane County,
Kreager 160; Mason County, Piper 939; Kiona, Cotton 736; Toppenish, Cotton 792.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.
Specimens of this species have been referred to P. nitidum Lam. and to P. dichotomum,
L. species not known to occur within our limits.

Panicum vircatTum L. is stated by Hooker to have been collected on the Columbia by
Douglas. There is no recent evidence of such occurrence of the species.

CHAETOCHLOA.

1. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897.
GREEN FOXTAIL,
Panicum viride L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 83. 1762.
Setaria viridis Beauv. Agrost. 51, 178. 1812.
Type Locauiry: ‘“ Habitat in Europa australi.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt; Parker, A. D. Dunn; Pullman, Piper;
Waitsburg, Horner; Seattle, Piper.

PHALARIS.
Inflorescence: a narrow: panicles: :253.2.. 28. 2c<c se shancoeesesmeease 1. P. arundinacea.
Tntlorescence an/GvOid- SHIKG2<: vs - is ix.ccwolacane Cecenaunaasseen ies 2. P. canariensis.
1. Phalaris arundinacea L. Sp. PI. 1:55. 1753. REED CANARY GRASS.

Tyre Locatity: European.

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to New Jersey, Kansas, and
California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascades, Lyall in 1859; Wenache region, Brandegee 1153,
Whited 1425; Ellensburg, Piper, June, 1897; Whited. 563; Columbia River, Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 1186; Spokane River, Piper 2386; Big Meadow, Kreager 425; Lake

Chelan, Vasey 52, 552; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 367; Brewster, Griffiths &
" Cotton 263. :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Phalaris canariensis L. Sp. Pl. 1:54. 1753. CANARY GRASS.
Type Locatity: “Hab. in Europa australi, Canariis.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895.

ANTHOXANTHUM.

1. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sp. Pl. 1:28. 1753. SWEET VERNAL GRASS.
Tyre vocauiry: “Habitat in.Europae pratis.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Piper, September 5, 1895.

SAVASTANA.

1. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. Mem. Torr. Club 5: 34. 1894. VANILLA GRASS.
Holeus odoratus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1048. 1753.
HMierochloe borealis Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 513. 1817.
Type LocaLiry: European.
Rance: Newfoundland to Alaska, south to Washington, Colorado, and Wisconsin.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 292 ; North Yakima, Leckenby, April 22,
1897; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Wenache River, Vasey 229.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

F BEA Rees
’

oe

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. LOY.

ARISTIDA.

1. Aristida purpurea robusta (Merrill).

Aristida longiseta robusta Merrill, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 34: 5. 1901.

Type Locauity: ‘Indian Creek, Montana.”

Range: South Dakota to British Columbia, south to Nebraska and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alma, Elmer 536; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 439; Spokane,
Piper 2597; Wawawai, Brodie, July, 1898; Kelly’s Bar, Snake River, Brodie, July, 1898;
Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 288; Lyons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 547.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

Nuttall’s type of A. purpurea in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences was, in my
opinion, misunderstood by Mr. Merrill. The type certainly belongs to the group of forms
Merrill includes under A. longiseta Steud., and has nothing to do with the species with
which Merrill associates the name purpurea.

STIPA.
Awns 10 to 20 times longer than the lemmas.
PAs MIS TOUN Sos co ccs aoe ts sas cahsecewe 52450 8. S. comata.
SuANta PUNCHOONG. «cece ene es she Seana Seer nse sisase 8a. S. comata intonsa.

Awns 4 to 7 times longer than the lemma.
Awns plumose.
Ligule 1 mm. long or Jess.

Oneatha wIADIGG oes aces oo ee Cian tub oaeuels 1. S. occidentalis.
Sheaths pubescent -. ee ee ee et aS
Ligule 2 to 4 mm. long... wgeacihat seciae oe let cies Selene ME ET On:

Awns only slightly pabssceito or hacabroua.
Callus very short, obtuse; spikelets stout
Callus acute or scar inates

Were Geers setae aes 4. S. lemmoni.

Sheathe pubescent... <2 5 ce esse eo sba2 en sieve acs aka Oe WURAMsR,
Sheaths smooth or only scabrous.
AWTS LTO OOM ONM etc acces ankles ss sets. cul 6. S. minor.
WOSio 0 0G O CM. IOND 2c. 2c mie ciae cases ce oelete 7. S. nelsoni.

1. Stipa occidentalis Thurb. Bot. King Explor. 380. 1871.

Stipa stricta Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 42. 1883.

Stipa stricta sparsiflora Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 51. 1892.

Stipa oregonensis Scribner, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 130. 1899.

Type Locauiry: ‘ Yosemite Trail, California.’

Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2583; Twenty-five Mile Creek, Okanogan
County, Gorman 617; Clealum, Henderson 2254; Mount Adams, Henderson 2256; Ophir,
Elmer 515; without locality, Suksdorf in 1882; Mount Baldy, Cotton 1755; Wenache
Mountains, Cotton 1675; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 21.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Stipa elmeri Piper & Brodie, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11:46. 1898.

Stipa viridula pubescens Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:50. 1892, not Stipa pubescens R. Br.
1810.

Type Locatitry: Empire City, Nevada, according to the label on the type specimens.

Rance: Washington to Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 17, 1883; Nile, Henderson
2253; Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889; Chelan, Elmer 487; Ophir, Elmer, August, 1897;

. Spokane, Piper 2276, 2601; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths & Cotton 441.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Stipa thurberiana Piper, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27:10. 1900.

Stipa occidentalis Thurb. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 483. 1874, not Thurb. Bot. King Explor.
380. 1871.

Type Locauity: ‘North Branch of the Columbia.” Collected by the Wilkes Expedi-
tion.

Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1230; Sunnyside, Cotton 487; North Yakima,
Leckenby, May, 1898; Henderson 2255; Ellensburg, Piper 2611; North Branch Columbia
River, Wilkes Expedition; Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 269;~Wilson Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896;
Spokane, Piper 2613; Coulee City, Piper 3919; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 477; Yakima,
Griffiths & Cotton 50.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

4. Stipa lemmoni (Vasey) Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 30: 3. 1901.

Stipa pringlei lemmoni Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:55, 1892.

Stipa lemmoni jonesii Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 30: 4. 1901.

Tyee Locatity: Mohawk Valley, Plumas County, California, according to the label of the
type specimen.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 146, 56; Simcoe Mountains,
Howell 8; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1263; Perkins Creek, Cotton 1613.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Stipa williamsii Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11:45. 1898.

Type Locatity: Dry soil on the west side of Big Horn Mountain, near Monument
Spring, Wyo.

Rance: Washington to Oregon and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 380; Loomis, Griffiths &
Cotton 328, 335.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

6. Stipa minor (Vasey) Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898.

Stipa viridula minor Vasey, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50. 1892.

Type Locatity: Kelso Mountain, near Torrey Peak, Colorado, according to the label
of the type specimen.

RanGE: Washington to Colorado and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1900; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 147;
Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition; Steptoe, Vasey, June, 1900; Palouse City, F. D. Cloud,
June, 1895; Pullman, Piper 1762; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 258, 259; Colville Reserva-
tion, Griffiths & Cotton 391; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1304.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, mostly Arid.

7. Stipa nelsoni Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898.

TyPE Loca.ity: “ Woods Landing, Albany County, Wyoming.”’

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Wyoming. ;

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, Colton 687; Cow Creek, Griffiths &
Cotton 517; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths & Cotton 433.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. —

8. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Gram. Agrost. 3: 75. 1842.
Stipa juncea L. err. det. Nutt. Gen. 1: 58. 1818.
Stipa capillata L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 237. 1839.
Type Locatity: “Carlton House Fort ad fl. Saskatchawan.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Alberta southward to California and New Mexico.

ar at tS

‘4904 4 +e

——

QQ yee SC

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 109

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1886; Sandberg & Leiberg, 240;
Wenache, Whited 1130, 1229; North Yakima, Mrs. Sieinweg; Connell, Leckenby, June,
1897; Spokane, Piper 2600; Pasco, Piper in 1897; Snipes Mountain, Cotion 379; Kittitas

- County, Vasey, 121; Eltopia, Cotton 1017; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 495; Brewster,

Griffiths & Cotton 254.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

8a. Stipa comata intonsa subsp. nov.
Differs from S. comata in having the leaves densely puberulent.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Rockland, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1026, type.

ORYZOPSIS.
Low alpine species with narrow strict panicles.
Awn of the lemma 3 to 4 mm. long. .......-.-- MA h Mek Sule ey mii 1. O. exigua.
Awa of theJemma 10 to 12 mm. long. . ....-. 2-2 s20. eb engenss 2. O. hendersoni.
Tall lowland plants with loose panicles.
Glumes equal, cuspidate; awn 3 to 5 mm. long. .........-.------ 4. O. hymenoides.
Glumes equal; awn 10 to 15 mm. long. ............------------ 3. O. bloomer.

1. Oryzopsis exigua Thurb. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 481. 1874.

Tyre LocaLity: ‘Cascade Mountains, Oregon.”

Rance: Washington, Idaho, Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: State of Washington, Suksdorf, in 1883; Cascade Mountains,
Kittitas County, Vasey 34.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian or Arctic.

This grass grows in granitic sand near timber line.

2. Oryzopsis hendersoni Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 267. 1893.
Type Locauity: ‘In Washington.” Collected by Henderson (no. 2249).
RanGE: Known only from the type collection.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Summit of Mount Cleman, Henderson 2249.

8. Oryzopsis bloomeri (Boland.) Ricker.
Stipa bloomeri Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 168. 1872.
Tyre Loca.ity: ‘ Bloody Cafion, near Mono Lake,” California.
Rance: Washington to Montana and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 231.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker.

Stipa hymenoides Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 339. 1817.

Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. Gen. 1: 40. 1818.

Stipa membranacea Pursh, Fl. 2: 728. 1814, not L. 1753.

Oryzopsis membranacea Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 12: pl. 10. 1891.

Eriocoma membranacea Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 232. 1896.

Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth; Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Spec. Rep. 63: 23. 1883.

Type Loca.ity: “On the banks of the Missouri.”

Rance: British Columbia to California, east to Alberta and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Sandberg & Leiberg, 281;
Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894;
Pasco, Piper 2964; Hindshaw 33; Sunnyside, Cotton 416; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
421; Walla Walla, Lyall, June, 1860; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Kittitas
County, Vasey 85; Wallula, Cotton 1030, 1048.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

MUHLENBERGIA.
Weemmas ACUMIMACC eet cleer catecaie a clam ate Skea ecient sin sniasseie ciate 1. M. racemosa.
Lemmas long-awned.
Hairs of the callus equaling the lemma....._.....-....-...-.<-..- 2. M. comata.
Hairs of the callus much shorter than the lemma. ......-.-.------- 3. M. sylvatica.

1. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67. 1888.

Agrostis racemosa Michx. FI. 1: 53. 1803.

Muhlenbergia glomerata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 191. 1824.

Polypogon glomeratus Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 87. 1809. ‘3

Type Locauity: “Hab. in ripis sabulosis inundatis fluminis Mississippi.”

Rance: Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to New Jersey, Missouri, and New
Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-9; Loomis, Elmer, August, 1897;
Wenache Valley, Sandberg & Leiberg 594; Parker, A. D. Dunn; Cascade Mountains, V asey
140.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Muhlenbergia comata (Thurb.) Benth.; Vasey, Desc. Cat. Grasses U. S. 39. 1885.
Vaseya comata Thurb. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 79. 1863.
Type Locatity: “A native of the plains of Nebraska.”
RanGE: Colorado to Washington and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 558.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Muhlenbergia sylvatica setiglumis S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 378. 1871.
Type Locatity: “Near Warm Springs in Humboldt Pass, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude.”
Rance: Washington to Nevada,
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper, September 1, 1899; Phileo Lake, Spokane County,
Suksdorf 948.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

ALOPECURUS.

Awns scarcely exceeding the glumes; spikelets 2 to 2.5mm. long.. 1. A. geniculatus fulvus.
Awns much exceeding the glumes.
Spikelets 3 mm. long; anthers orange..........-.. vs re ee 2. A. californicus.
Spikelets 4 mm. long; anthers white...................--- 3. A. saccatus.

1. Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus (Smith) Sonder, Fl. Hamb. 32. 1851.
Alopecurus fulvus J. E. Smith, Engl. Bot. 21: pl. 1467. 1805.
Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. Fl. 1: 43.°1803.
Alopecurus geniculatus aristulatus Torr. Fl. U.S. 1: 97. 1824.
Alopecurus geniculatus robustus Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 13. 1888.
Type Locatity, England.

Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to Florida, Tennessee, and Cali-
fornia. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 333; Seattle, Piper 793; Smith, June, 1890;
Tacoma, Feit 14, 183; Leckenby, May 29, 1897; Clallam County, Elmer 1663; Alma, Elmer
548; Ellensburg, Vasey 118; North Yakima, Henderson, May 26, 1892; Watt, August, 1895;
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1066; Boundary, 7. F. O’Hara; Usk, Kreager 356; Spokane,
Dewart, June 5, 1901; Asotin Creek, Hunter 93; Waitsburg, Horner 214.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Alopecurus californicus Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 13. 1888.
Alopecurus pallescens Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 18. 1901.
Type LocaLity: Santa Cruz, California, according to label on the type specimen.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. dM be

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Wilkes Expedition; Pullman, Piper 1743; Whitman
County, Lake & Hull, July 7, 1892; Sandberg & Leiberg 108; West Klickitat County, Suks-
dorf 2117.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

8. Alopecurus saccatus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 290. 1881.
Type Loca.ity: “Eastern Oregon.’”’ Collected by Howell.
Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lyle, Leckenby, May 21, 1899; near Spangle, Piper, 3553.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

PHLEUM.
Spike cylindric’ awns of glumes short... i065 56k Scene Sees ee owe es 1. P. pratense.
Spike ovate-oblong; awn as long as body of glume......-.-.-.-.-.-.-.- 2. P. alpinum.
1. Phleum pratense L. Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753. Timorny.

Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europae versufis et pratis.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Seattle, Piper 789; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Pullman, Hardwick
July, 1895.

2. Phleum alpinum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753. MouNTAIN TIMOTHY.

Type Locaity: “Habitat in Alpibus.”’

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to New Hampshire, Arizona, and California.
Europe. Patagonia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer, 1901; Mount Rajnier, Piper 1953;
Allen, July 20, 1892; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 814 and August, 1893; Wenache
Mountains, Elmer 441; Cascade Mountains above Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 115; Cascade
Mountains to Fort Colville, Zyall in 1860; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 393.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian.

POLYPOGON.
Glumes notched at apex, their awns 2 to 3 times as long; panicle
UNE OYUN Cog Soren ol Gwe oho ation ay alsa de ee eee «dies . 1. P. monspeliensis.
Glumes attenuate into awns of equal length; panicle lobed or inter-
SUDO se pete eetare ar dels cri ohana ae Sau cena dt eakawcae ees 2. P. littoralis.

1. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Fl. Atl. 1:67. 1800.

Alopecurus monspeliensis L. Sp. Pl. 1:61. 1753.

Type Locaity: “Habitat monspelii.”’

Rance: British Columbia to Mexico. Europe. Naturalized in the Atlantic States.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympics, Elmer 1934; South Bend, Spillman, August 17, 1899;
Seattle, Piper 792; Tacoma, Flett 7; Parker, Dunn; North Yakima, Waitt, August, 1895;
Alma, Elmer 532; Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 280; Waitsburg, Horner 523; Illia,
W. R. Hull 90; Almota, Piper, June, 1894; Spokane, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 920;
Steptoe, Vasey 56; Ellensburg, Vasey 494.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

2. Polypogon littoralis (With.) Smith, Comp. Fl. Brit. ed. 2. 13. 1816.
Agrostis littoralis With. Bot. Arr. Brit. Veg. ed. 3. 2: 129. 1796.
Type Loca.ity: “Wells, on the Norfolk coast,’’? England.
Rance: Vancouver Island to California and on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1955; Tacoma, Flett 8.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
SPOROBOLUS.
Panicle contracted, spike-like.
Annuals, culms slender or filiform............-..-.---- 1. S. filiformis.
Perennials.

Sheaths inflated, usually inclosing base of panicle... 2. S. vaginaeflorus neglectus.

Sheaths not inflated.
Glumes one-third to one-half the length of the

IODINIB rere Lenco Loe aaa ee ee 3. S. richardsoni.
Glume from two-thirds to almost the whole length
obthevlemm@=ss 4.0 spac nn soe se eee 4. S. depauperatus.
Panicle open, branches mostly spreading.
Annuals, culms slender, pedicels longer than spikelets... . 5. S. confusus.

Perennials.
Panicle branches close-flowered nearly to base; pedi-
cels equaling to shorter than spikelets... ......... 6. S. eryptandrus.
Panicle branches few-flowered, naked below.
Pedicels smooth, seldom more than twice the

length-of ‘theapikelet.: 0252 s-. cane asceckices 7. S. airoides.
Pedicels scabrous, 3 to many times the length
OE UNO SPIRGIOl: 2 ion roots et ce aba mie 8. S. asperifolius.

1. Sporobolus filiformis (Thurb.) Rydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 189. 1895.
Vilfa depauperata filiformis Thurb. Bot. King Explor. 376. 1871.
Vilfa gracillima Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 268. 1880.
Sporobolus grac¥limus Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U.S. 44. 1885.
Type Locatity: Yosemite Valley, California.
Rance: Washington to California and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Glenwood, Flett 1396; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892;
Howell 84; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 13.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Sporobolus vaginaeflorus neglectus Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17.
rev. ed. 170. 1901. :
Sporobolus neglectus Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 464. 1895.
Type Locaity: None given.
Rance: Washington to Massachusetts, Tennessee, and Kansas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Myers Falls, Kreager 590.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3. Sporobolus richardsoni (Trin.) Merrill, Rhodora’4: 46. 1902.

Vilfa richardsoni Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 62: 103. 1840.

TyPE Locaxity: “Amer. boreal.” Richardson.

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2581; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Medical
Lake, Henderson 2251; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 359; Prosser, Cotton 636; Colville

Reservation near Mount Bonaparte, Griffiths & Cotton 359; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton
434.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

4. Sporobolus depauperatus (Torr.) Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 9: 103. 1882.
Vilfa depauperata Torr.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 257. 1840.
Vilfa squarrosa Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 62: 100. 1840.

Tyre Locatiry: “N.W. America. Barren sandy parts of the Columbia from Menzies’
island upwards.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Oregon and Washington to Montana.

tetacet <0 ry alll

sen oe hb) into as telat ily OR actin eile ets

NT ae ee

. oo

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 113

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “N. W. coast,’’ Douglas; Pullman, Piper 1926; Henderson 2250;
Almota, Piper, September, 1896.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

5. Sporobolus confusus (Fourn.) Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 293. 1888.
Vilfa confusa Fourn. Mex. Pl. Enum. Gram. 101. 1886.
Tyre Locauity: “In devexis arenosis montis ignivomi Jorullo,’’ Mexico.
Rance: Washington to Arizona, Texas, and Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parker, Yakima County, Elmer 1076.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

6. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray, Man. 576. 1848.

Agrostis eryptandrus Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 151. 1824.

Vilfa tenacissima fuscicolor Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 239. 1840.

Type Locauitry: ‘On the Canadian river.”

Rance: Washington to Maine southward to Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, central Washington, Vasey 132; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 1019; Wawawai, Elmer 760; near Ellensburg, Vasey 465; Kiona, Cotton
726; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1353.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran in Washington.

7. Sporobolus airoides Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 7%: 21. 1856.
Agrostis airoides Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1:151. 1824.
Type Loca.ity: ‘On the branches of the Arkansas, near the Rocky Mountains.”
Rance: Washington to Nebraska, south to California and Arizona.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Oroville, Okanogan River, Griffiths & Cotton 350. This is
the northernmost station known.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

8. Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees & Meyen) Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 269. 1880.

Vilfa asperifolia Nees & Meyen, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VJ. 6?: 95. 1840.

Tyre Locauity: “Chile; Rio Mayno; Copiapo.”’

Range: British Columbia to Assiniboia southward to California and Missouri.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alma, Elmer 549; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August, 1892;
Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 99; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Ellensburg,
Piper 2580; North Yakima, Henderson 2218; Union Gap, Yakima River, Cotton 492;
North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 525; Toppenish, Cotton 804;
Priest Rapids, Cotton 1403.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

Sporoso.us cuspipatus Wood, Bot. & Flor. 385. 1874. (Vilfa cuspidata Torr.; Hook.
Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 238. 1839.) This is included in Suksdorf’s List, but no Washington
specimens have been seen by us.

CINNA.

1. Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 435. 1853.

Agrostis latifolia Trev.; Goepp. Beschr. Bot. Gaert. in Breslau 82. 1830.

Cinna pendula Trin, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 67: 280. 1841.

Cinna pendula glomerula Scribn. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1884: 290. 1885.

Cinna latifolia glomerata Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 319. 1896.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon, Colorado, New England, and Carolina.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 821;
Montesano, Heller 4017; Longmire Springs, Mount Ranier, Piper 1982; Lake Cushman,
Piper 1991; Railroad Creek, Okanogan County, Elmer 719; Coulee City, Lake & Hull
114; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Okanogan County, Sandberg & Leiberg
581; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Salmon River, Blue Mountains, Horner 494.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

29418—06 m——8

114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

COLEANTHUS.

1. Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidel; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 276. 1817,
Schmidtia subtilis Tratt. Fl. Austr. 1: 12. 1816. =
Type Locauity: “In der gegend von Wosseck,’’ Bohemia.

Rance: Along the lower Columbia River. Also in Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 280.
ZONAL pisTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

CALAMAGROSTIS.

Awn strongly geniculate; callus hairs much shorter than the lemma.
Awn greatly exceeding the glumes.

Panicle loose; leaves nearly as long as the culms. .......--- 1. C. howellii.
Panicle dense; leaves shorter than the culms. :
Leaves GO1G, URbs tas outa ns Sea sn eee cae ems s wees 4. C. tweedyi.
Leaves hard, closely involute.
Glumes scabrous.all Over... d...22a0se0seacue 2. C. purpurascens
Glomesinesrly-smoothi=.. oso seg aaa onle wen 3. C. vaseyi.
Awn shorter than or a little exceeding the glumes.
Glumes strongly keeled; tall seashore plant.............--- 5. C. aleutica.
Glumes not strongly keeled.
Panicle denen, purple: 22.58.49 oe 9s ob oes chaaes oe oe 6. C. rubescens.
Paniele‘dense, pale green: << icp cc scceaa ve ence enies - 7. C. suksdorfii.

Awn straight; callus hairs not much shorter than the lemma.
Panicle loose and open.
Spikelets: 4te 6 mins lon@2 22.0 150 Nissin ew aceween 9. C. langsdorffii.
Spikelets 2 to 4 mm. long.
Glumes 2 to 2.5 mm. long
Glumes 3 to 4 mm. long.

EE ee Ee ard mera 12. C. macouniana.

Awn attached near the middle of the lemma...... 10. C. canadensis.
Awn attached near the apex of the lemma.......- 11. @. blanda.
Panicle narrow, rather close.
Callus hairs copious; sheaths bearded at summit... ...-...- 13. C. seribneri.
Callus hairs sparse.
Leal binges sot MOb Tigidce. na soielas geen ues meee Nome 14. C. neglecta.
Leaf blades rigid.
Panicle tather lodse: 66-0). 5.066 os9eccsqesweoece 15. C. inexpansa.

Panicle dense, spike-like.

Glumes subcoriaceous, ovate, acute; panicle
BLO OcOMe IONE se od it ok ea Saeeiec 16. C. crassiglumis.
Glumes membranous, acuminate, panicle 5

CO SGI. SOM ot ooo eth oeah esos sk 17. C. hyperborea.

1. Calamagrostis howelli Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 271. 1881.
Type Loca.ity: ‘“Oregon.’”’ Collected by Howell.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Larm River, Suksdorf 13; Cape Horn, Piper.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Abundant on the perpendicular cliffs of-the Columbia Gap, but not known elsewhere.

2. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 731. 1823,
Calamagrostis sylvatica DC. err. det. A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 80. 1866.
Calamagrostis sylvatica americana Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892.

Type Locaity: British America between Point Lake and the Arctic Sea.
Rane: Alaska to Greenland, southward to the Black Hills, Colorado, and California

mandi

yea ag idan ae th .

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. TD

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 825; Mount Chapaca, Elmer
555; Wenache region, Tweedy 650.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.?

3. Calamagrostis vaseyi Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 344, 1896.

Catamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. err. det. Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Cascade Mountains of Washington.’’ Collected by G. R. Vasey.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1984, 1983; Mount Ranier, Piper
1956, 1957, 1955; Goat Mountains, Allen 177; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1025; Flett
1384, 1390.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

The “ Deyeuxia sylvatica Kth.” of Suksdorf’s list is Calamagrostis vaseyi Beal.

4. Calamagrostis tweedyi Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892.

ss dDeyeusia tweedyi Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 10: 64. 1883.
3 Type Locaity: ‘Cascade Mountains, Washington.” Collected by Tweedy.
Rance: Cascade Mountains, Washington. :

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy; Vasey in 1889.

5. Calamagrostis aleutica Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 171. 1832.
Calamagrostis albicans Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 92. 1863.
Calamagrostis pallida Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 334. 1863.
Deyeuvia breviaristata Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 48. 1888.
Type Locauity: “Unalaschka.”’
RanGE: Alaska to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson, June, 1892; Granville, Conard 335.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6. Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 92. 1863.

Deyeuxia varia Kunth, err. det. Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 9: 45. 1882.

Tyre Locatity: ‘Oregon.’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 493; Lake & Hull 74; Lake Omack,
Griffiths & Colton 389; Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Calamagrostis suksdorfii Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 82. 1892.

Deyeuxia suksdorfii Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 15: 9. 1888.

Tyre Locauity: According to type specimen, Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected
by Suksdorf.

RanGeE: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Valley, Sandberg & Leiberg 535; Ellensburg, Elmer
421; Atanum River, Henderson 2151; east of Mount Adams, Henderson 2153; Twenty-
five Mile Creek, Okanogan County, Gorman 615; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3,
1901; Dry Creek, Vasey, July 5, 1901; Pullman, Piper 1919; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 26,
607; Spokane County, Suksdorf 92.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

8. Calamagrostis suksdorfii luxurians Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
11: 24. 1898.

Tyre Locatity: “Farmington Landing, Lake Coeur d’Alene, Idaho.’ Collected by
Sandberg, Heller, and MacDougal.

Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tieton River, Cotton 503; Wenache, Whited 1418; Cascade
Mountains, Vasey; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Spokane, Piper 1918; Llue
Mountains, Piper 2557; locality unknown, Brandegee 1171.

ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

>

116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

9. Calamagrostis langsdorffii Trin. Gram. Unifl. 225. t. 4. f. 10. 1824.

Calamagrostis oregonensis Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 92. 1863.

Calamagrostis columbiensis Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 334. 1863.

Type Locauity: “Tobolsk,” Siberia.

Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to California, New Mexico, Michigan, and North
Carolina. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1986; Elmer 1671, 1672; Mount
Rainier, Smith 981; Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 176; Goose Lake, Flett 1378; Cascade Moun-
tains, Henderson 2157; Vasey in 1889; Sandberg & Leiberg 795; North Fork of Bridge
Creek, Elmer 680; Mount Adams, Howell in 1882; Suksdorf 87, 204.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Hudsonian and Aretic.

9a. Calamagrostis langsdorffii lactea (Beal) Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 11: 28. 1898. '

Calamagrostis lactea Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 346. 1896.

Deyeuxia lactea Suksdorf in Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 346. 1896, as synonym,

Type Loca.ity: ‘Washington; banks of the North Fork of Nooksack River, rear Mount

Baker.’’ Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Mount Baker, Suksdorf 1022, 1023; Faleon Valley, Suks-
dorf 206.

10. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Agrost. 15, 157. 1812.

Arundo canadensis Michx. F]. 1: 73. 1803.

Type Locauity: ‘‘ Hab. in Canada.”

RanGE: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to New Jersey, Ohio, Utah, and
Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache region, Brandegee 1169; Klickitat. County, Suksdorf
2127; Thorn Creek, Whitman County, Vasey, July 9, 1901; Pullman, Brodie August, I898 ;
Piper 3037; Henderson 2162; Big Meadows, Kreager 411; Spokane County, Suksdorf
86, 90a.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

10a. Calamagrostis canadensis acuminata Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost,
Bull. 5: 26. 1897.

Type Loca.ity: Georgetown, Colorado.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south in the mountains to California, New Mexico, and
North Carolina.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889; Brandegee 1168; Lyall in
1860; Ellensberg, Piper, July 9, 1897; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2127; along Sal-
mon River, Horner 495; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 196, 230; Cascade Mountains, Vasey
in 1889; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 203, 205; near Mount Baker, Suksdorf 2166; Mount
Adams, Howell 82; Suksdorf 209.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition to Hudsonian.

11. Calamagrostis blanda Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 349. 1896.
Calamagrostis pallida Vasey & Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 79. 1892, not C. Muell. 1860.
Type Locauiry: “Washington.” Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Washington to Montana.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 52.

12. Calamagrostis macouniana Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 81. 1892.
Deyeuxia macouniana Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 297. 1885.
Type Locauity: ‘Souris Plain, Assiniboia”’ according to the label on the type specimen.
Rance: Washington to Assiniboia and Missouri.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Palouse River, Vasey, March 3, 1897; Pullman, Hender-

son 2162, Piper 3037, Brodie, July, 1898; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1097.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

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13. Calamagrostis scribneri Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 343. 1896.

Deyeuxia dubia Scribu. Bot. Gaz. 11: 174. 1886.

Calamagrostis dubia Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 80. 1892, not Bunge; Lehm. Rel. 348.

1847.

Tyre Locauity: “Slough Creek, alt. 6,700 ft., Montana.”

Rance: British Columbia to Washington and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 1023; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
145; Wenache Mountains, Cofton 1756.
Zowat, DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian?

14. Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn. Meyer & Scherb. Fl]. Wetterau 1: 94
1799.
Arundo neglecta Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 84, 137. 1791.
Calamagrostis stricta Koel. Descr. Gram. 105. 1802.
Calamagrostis coarctata Torr.; Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 240. 1839.
Type LocaLity: Upsala, Sweden.
Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Maine. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 90.

15a. Calamagrostis inexpansa cuprea Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
11: 37. 1898.
Type Loca.ity: “In shallow water, Falcon Valley, Washington.’’ Collected by Suks-

Rance: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 910.

15b. Calamagrostis inexpansa barbulata Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 11: 37. 1898.
Type Locauity: “Mason County, Wash.” Collected by Piper, three miles south of
Union City.
Rance: Known only from the type specimen.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Sd 947. Abundant in small wet meadows in
woods of Pinus contorta.

16. Calamagrostis crassiglumis Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 281. 1880.
Deyeuxia crassiglumis Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. 8. 50. 1885.
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Swamps, Mendocino County,” California. Collected by Bolander.
Rance: Vancouver Island to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom Lake, Suksdorf 1024.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition,

17. Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange, Fl. Dan. 50: t. 2942. 1880; Consp. FI. Groenl.
160. 1880.
Calamagrostis stricta robusta, Vasey in Rothr.; Wheeler Rep. 6: 285. 1878, not O. robusta
C. Muell.
Type Locauity: Igalico, near Julianshaab, southern Greenland.
Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to California, Arizona, and Vermont.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Cooper.

.

17a. Calamagrostis hyperborea elongata Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 11: 40. 1898.

Type Locauity: “Plummer Ford, on the Dismal River, Plummer County, Nebr.’

Rance: British Columbia to Ontario, southward to California, Colorado, and Pennsyl-
vania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 325; Spangle, Suksdorf
1099, 1100; Marshall Junction, Piper 2254; locality unknown, Brandegee 1170; Endicott,
Elmer 1028; Ephrata, Cotton 470; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 187, 188; Spokane County,
Suksdorf 106. .

ZONAL pbistriBuTion: Arid Transition.

118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

17b. Calamagrostis hyperborea americana Vasey; Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr. Diy.
Agrost. Bull. 11: 41. 1898.
Deyeuria neglecta americana Vasey, Macoun. Cat. Can. Pl. 4: 206. 1888, nom. nud,
Calamagrostis stricta Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 79. 1866 in part, not Koel.
Type Locaity: ‘ Donald, Columbia Valley,” British Columbia. Collected by Macoun.
Rance: British Columbia to Hudson Bay, southward to Oregon, Colorado, and Vermont.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 267; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton
271; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 240; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 470.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

CaLAMAGROsTIS sTRICTA Nutt. is listed in Cooper’s Report, page 70. The specimen
seems to be lost, but it was certainly of some other species.

AGROSTIS.
Rachilla prolonged behind the palet.
Spikelets 3 mm. long, usually purple. ....................---- 1. A. aequivalvis.
Spikelets 2 mm. long, usually pale. -..... 2.22... cccceeceeees 2. A. thurberiana.
Rachilla not prolonged behind the palet.
Palet evident, 2-nerved.
Plant spreading by creeping short-leafed stolons. ........-.- 3. A. depressa,
Plant without stolons.
Tufted; a dwarf high-alpine species..............-..- 4. A. humilis.
Provided with rootstocks; culms erect, rather tall...... 5. A. alba.
Palet wanting or minute and nerveless.
a Plant ‘with rootetooks > 520.0022 oC ce vepaceduceencedees 6. A. pallens.

Plant tufted, without rootstocks.
Panicle narrow, rather close.
Lemma with exserted awn.

Glumes awn-pointed...................-..- 7. A. microphylla.
Glumes merely acute. .................--..- 8. A. ampla.
Lemma awnless or the awn included.
Panicle 5 to 30 cm. long; tall lowland plant.... 9. A. exarata.
Panicle 3 to 6 cm. long; low alpine plant....... 10. A. rossae.
Panicle open, loose.
Inflorescence very diffuse; herbage scabrous... . .. - 11. A. hyemalis.

Inflorescence not diffuse.
Plants 10 to 30 cm. high; panicle usually pale... 12. A. idahoensis.
Plants 30 to 60 cm. high.
Panicle pyramidal, dark purple. ........- 13. A. oregonensis.
Panicle elongated, oblong. .............- 14. A. schiediana.

1. Agrostis aequivalvis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 62: 362. 1841.

Agrostis canina aequivalvis Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 171. 1832.
TYPE Loca.ity: Sitka.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 676; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
194. ,

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian?
2. Agrostis thurberiana A. S. Hitchcock, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 68: 23.
1905.

Type Locaity: “In wet places on mountains, Skamania County, Wash.”’ Collected by
Suksdorf.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS: EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 24, 194; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Lei-
berg 676; Mount Rainier, Flett 1955.

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3. Agrostis depressa Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 13: 54. 1886.
Agrostis exarata stolonifera Vasey, loc. cit.
Type LocaLiry: Clear Creek Canyon, Colorado.
Rance: Washington to California, Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 40, 140; Ilwaco, Piper.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Agrostis humilis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 21. 1883.

Type Locatiry: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 836; Elmer 1951; Mount Rainier,
Piper 1976, 1975, 1973, 1974; Allen 65a, 179; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1021, 1079;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 25; Howell 85; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893;
Cascade Mountains Vasey 362; Bridge Creek, Elmer 677.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

5. Agrostis alba L. Sp. Pl. 1: 63. 1753. REDTOP.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae nemoribus.”’

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador and southward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1954; Southbend, Spillman, August 7,
1899; Montesano, Heller 4034, 3957; Skamania County, Flett 1387; Tacoma, Piper, July
15, 1897; Wenache, Whited 4; Ellensburg, Elmer 407; Piper 2578; Tieton River, Cotton
493; Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Sand-
berg & Leiberg 403; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3, 1901; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894;
Wawawai, Piper 3531; Ellensburg, Vasey 489.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

6. Agrostis pallens Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 6?: 328. 1841.
Agrostis exarata littoralis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 13: 54. 1886.
Type tocauity: ‘ Amer.-borealis?’”’
Rance: Washington to California along the coast.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Copalis, Conard 416; Westport, Henderson 2116.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6a. Agrostis pallens foliosa (Vasey) A.S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind.
Bull. 68: 34. 1905.

Agrostis foliosa Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 138: 55. 1886.

Agrostis diegoensis Vasey, loc. cit.

Type Locatity: Oregon. Collected by Howell.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Union City, Piper 950, 949; Lakeview, Henderson 2125; East
Seattle, Henderson 2113; Skamania County, Flett 1382, 1386; Cascade Mountains, Yakima
County, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Cape Horn, Suksdorf 2332, 2331; Steptoe, Vasey, June
1900; Pullman, Piper 3106, 1927, 3043; Wawawai, Piper 3531.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

All the Washington specimens that have been named A. hallii Vasey belong to A. pallens
foliosa.

7. Agrostis microphylla Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 164. 1855.

Type Locauity: ‘“ Douglas legit in Am. Sptr.’’ Collected by Douglas in North America.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 828; Lake Crescent, Lawrence 306; Stuart Island,
Lawrence 124; Johns Island, Lawrence 190; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 47; Douglas County,
Sandberg & Leiberg 327; Montesano, Heller 4010.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

8. Agrostis ampla A. S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 68: 38. 1905.

Type Locauity: ‘‘On wet rocks near Rooster Rock, Multnomah County, Oregon.”

Rance: British Columbia to Arizona,

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1953; Seattle, Henderson 2113; What-
‘com Lake, Suksdorf 132; Bingen, Suksdorf 2829; Falcon Valley Suksdorf 132; Skamania
County, Flett 1389.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

This species was previously referred to the Mexican A. virescens H. B. K.

9. Agrostis exarata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 207. 1824,

Agrostis grandis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 6?: 316. 1841.

Agrostis asperifolia Trin. op. cit. 317.

Agrostis scouleri Trin. op. cit. 329.

Agrostis albicans Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 91. 1862.

Type Locauity: ‘Ex Unalaschka.’’ Collected by Eschscholtz.

Rance: Alaska to Mexico.
_ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1952; Clallam County, Elmer 1949;
Montesano, Heller 4018; Point Orchard, Piper 2311; Seattle, Henderson 2114; Upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 45; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1163; North Yakima, Watt,
August, 1895; Yakima River, Cotton 425; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; South-
bend, Spillman, August 17, 1899; Chelan, Elmer 485; Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg
370; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 97; Spokane, Piper 2852, 2623; Steptoe, Vasey, June,
1900; Waitsburg, Horner 499; Blue Mountains, Salmon River, Horner 496; Pullman,
Piper 1759, 1923; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 149.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Arctic.

10. Agrostis rossae Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 76. 1892.

Agrostis varians Trin. Mem. Acad. Petersb. VI. 6*: 314. 1841, not Thuill. 1790.

Agrostis variabilis Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 32. 1900.

Type Locatiry: Yellowstone Park, Wyoming.

Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1948, Piper 1994; Nason Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg 656; Mount Rainier, Allen 179; Piper 1978, 1979, 1972, 1980, 1970;
Skamania County, Suksdorf 1020; Mount Adams, Henderson 2127; Atanum River, Hen-
derson 2119; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 730; Walla Walla, Piper 179a.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic.

11. Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 68. 1888.

Cornucopiae hyemalis Walt. Fl. Car. 73. 1788.

Agrostis scabra Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 370. 1799.

Agrostis nutkaensis Kunth, Enum. Pl, 1: 222. 1833.

Trichodium album Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 244. 1830.

Agrostis laxiflora (Michx.) Richards. re App. Frankl. Journ, 731. 1823.

Tyre Locaity: Carolina.

Rance: Throughout most of North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1950; Southbend, Spillman, August 17,
1899; Orcas Island, Henderson 2112; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 827; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 43; Tacoma, Flett 17; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August, 1892; Tieton River,
Cotton 435; North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Glenwood, Flett 1395; Parker, Dunn, August 8,
1901; Ophir, Elmer 510; Loomis, Elmer 557; Thorn Creek, Vasey, July 10, 1901; Steptoe,

Vasey, July, 1900; Spakone. Henderson 2111; Pullman, Piper 1927; Blue Mountains,
Horner 505; Caanude Mountains, Vasey 382, 68.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

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lla. Agrostis hyemalis geminata (Trin.) A. S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI.
Ind. Bull. 68: 44. 1905.

Agrostis geminata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 207. 1824.

Type Locauity: Unalaska.

Rance: Alaska to Washington and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Henderson, July, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake &
Hull 119; Mount Rainier, Allen in 1894.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

12. Agrostis idahoensis Nash, Bull. Torr. Club. 24: 42. 1897.

Agrostis tenuis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 10: 21. 1883, not Sibth. 1794.

Agrostis tenuiculmis Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 32. 1900,

Type Loca.ity: “Forest, Nes Perces County, Idaho.”’ Collected by Heller.

Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 1165; Wenache Mountains, Cotton
1669; without locality, Suksdorf in 1883.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian?

13. Agrostis oregonensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 13: 55. 1886 (April).

Agrostis attenuata Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1886 (December).

Type Locauity; “‘Oregon.’”’ Collected by Howell.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 907; Copalis, Conard 47; Lake Suth-
erland, Lawrence 318; Kittitas County, Henderson 2123.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

14. Agrostis schiediana Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 6?: 327. 1841.
Agrostis hallii californita Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 74. 1892.
TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘ Mexico.”
Rance: British Columbia to Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 50,189,196; Lewis River, Henderson 2131.

On Suksdorf’s List appear the names Agrostis canina L., A. densiflora Vasey var.(arena-
ria), A. verticillata Vill. (A. stolonifera L.), and A. perennans Tuck.? These names all
seem to rest upon erroneous determinations, the last being A. hyemalis. A. verticillata
Vill. has been collected at Walla Walla by Leckenby, but only from cultivated plots.

HOLCUS.

1. Holcus lanatus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1048. 1753. VELVET GRASS.
Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europae pascuis arenosis.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 785; near Montesano, Heller 3952; Clarks Springs,
Spokane County, Kreager 86.
Quite commonly escaped from cultivation. In western Washington known as ‘mes-
quite grass,”
ARRHENATHERUM.

1. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv.; Mert. & Koch, Deutsch. Fl. 1: 546. 1823.
TALL MEADOW OATGRASS.
Avena elatior L. Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753.
Holcus avenaceus Scop. F). Carn. ed. 2. 276. 1772.
_ Arrhenatherum avenaceum Boiss. Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 657. 1839-45.
Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae maritimis & apricis.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Seattle, Piper 830.

AIRA. Harr crass.

Panicle loose; teniuia 2 min: lopgs:.;.. 2... ec ees eae ede ese 1. A. caryophyllea.
Panicle dense; lemma 3mm, long..-..............2.---5seece--- 2. A. praecoz.

122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Aira caryophyllea L. Sp. Pl. 1:66. 1753.

Tyre Locauity: ‘Habitat in Angliae, Germaniae, Galliae, glareosis.’’

SPECIMENS BXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 346; Clallam County, Elmer 1933; Seattle,
Piper 823; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895; Montesano, Heller 3889; Pierce and Thurston
counties, Henderson 2142.

2. Aira praecox L. Sp. Pl. 1: 65. 175

Type LocaLiry: Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1932; Point Orchard, Piper 2310, 832;
Whidby Island, Gardner 345; Stuart Island, Lawrence 59.

MERATHREPTA.

[Meraturerta Raf. in Seringe, Bull. Bot. 1: 221. 1830.]

The type of Danthonia DC. is Festuca decumbens L. (Triodia decumbens R. Br.), and the
name can not therefore be used in the current sense. Merathrepta has for its type M. spicata
(L.) Raf. (Avena spicata L.).
Spikelets ascending, in a close panicle.

Callus very short, not hairy

raid ance <aak eatin Ser eeooten aes 1. M. pinetorum.
Callus clongate; densely Hairy = 5.0. 0'os2<cusc oes cas cece cedetanaes 2. M. intermedia.
Spikelets spreading in a loose panicle or solitary.
Sheaths: smooth: 252325 asec a ase Sesiec aback welae ec acue aware 3. M. californica

Sheaths hairy.

Lemma abruptly narrowed; spikelets usually 2 to 4.....-..... 4. M. americana.
Lemma not abruptly narrowed; spikelets usually solitary. . .. . 5. M. unispicata,
1. Merathrepta pinetorum.

Danthonia spicata pinetorum Piper, Erythea 7: 103. 1899.

Danthonia thermale Scribner, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 30: 5. 1901.

Type Locauity: “In gravelly soil, Mason County, Wash., 3 miles south of Union Cii:’.”
Collected by Piper.

Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, near Union City, Piper 943; between mouth of
Spokane River and Colville, Wilkes Expedition.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Merathrepta intermedia (Vasey).
Danthonia intermedia Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 52. 1883.

Type Locauity: “California, Rocky Mountains, Plains of Br. America to Mount Albert
Lower Canada.”’

RanGE: Canada to Washington, Colorado, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 553; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August,
1893; Mount Rainier, Piper 1950; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 442.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

2a. Merathrepta intermedia cusickii (Williams).

Danthonia intermedia cusickii Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. ae Cire. 30: 7. 1901.
TYPE Loca.ity: “Oregon.”’

Rance: Washington to Montana and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1987.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.
3. Merathrepta californica (Boland.).
Dantionia californica Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 182. 1858-62.

Type Locauity: “On the borders of cultivated fields near the bay at Oakland; hills near
Mission Dolores, San Francisco.”’

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 128

Rance: California to Washington and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Elmer 1011; Piper 1744; Horner 879; Steptoe, Vasey,
June, 1900; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 488.

The following specimens are doubtfully referred here: Coupeville, Gardner 342; Seattle,
Smith 829; Kitsap County, Piper 821.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

4. Merathrepta americana (Scribn.).
Danthonia americana Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 30: 5. 1901.
Danthonia grandiflora Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chil. 568. 1873, not Hochst. 1851.
Type Locauity: Chile.
Rance: British Columbia to California. Chile.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3908; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 150.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5. Merathrepta unispicata (Thurb.).

Danthonia unispicata Thurb. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 294. 1880.

Type Locaity: “From San Diego to San Francisco,” California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 2599; without locality, Geyer 189; Pullman,
Elmer 1327; Brodie, June, 1898.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

AVENA.

1. Avena fatua glabrata Petermann, Flora des Bienitz 13.1841. Smoorn wip oar.
Avena fatua glabrescens Coss. Fl. Alg. 113. 1864-67.
Type cocauity: Not determined.
Ranae: Introduced on the Pacific coast, especially in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Piper, July 5, 1897; Pullman, Piper, July 2, 1894.

DESCHAMPSIA.
Lower glume 1-nerved.
Glumes not longer than the florets .-............-...0-------- 1. D. cespitosa.
Glumes longer than the florets............---.---.-.--------.°2. D. atropurpurea.
Lower glume 3-nerved.
Annnal>ginmoes 5. to 7 MiiTIONe.... 0 a2. .5 ede lc cess ne epee ss 3. D. calycina.
Perennial; glumes 3 to 4 mm. long.......-......-.----------- 4. D. elongata.

1. Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 91, 160. 1812.

Aira cespitosa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 64. 1753.

Type Locauity: Europe.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador south to California, Arizona, Illinois, and New Jersey. Eu-
rope, Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1665; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-9;
Seattle, Smith 858; Gray’s Harbor, Henderson, June, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Garry in 1826;
Railroad Creek, Elmer 718; Wenache River, Whited; Spukaie, Piper, September, 1896;
Pullman, Piper 1749; Steptoe, Vasey 12; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Waitsburg,
Horner 509; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 328; Lake Chelan, Vasey 24; without locality: Vasey 367.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele, Flora 27: 56. 1844.
Aira atropurpurea Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 37. 1812.
Aira latifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1840.
Deschampsia atropurpurea latifolia Scribn. in Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 2: 209. 1888.
Type Locauity: Finmark.

124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Mountains of New England and New York to Alaska south to Oregon and
Colorado. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1670; Mount Rainier, Piper 1949;
Mount Rainier, Smith 690; Mount Adams, Henderson 2147; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Tei-
berg, August, 1893; Wenache Region, Brandegee, 1176; North Fork of Bridge Creek, Elmer
735; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1151; Skamania County, Flett 1371; Cascade Mountains, Vasey
423.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

3. Deschampsia calycina Pres], Rel. Haenk. 1: 251. 1830.

Aira danthonioides Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. V1. 1: 57. 1830.

Type Locauity: “Hab. ad Monte-Rey Californiae.”

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona. Peru.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Sandberg & Leiberg 292;
Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 395; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Spipen [Naches]
River, Wilkes Expedition; Klickitat River, Flett 1369; Pullman, Piper 1922, 1758; Elmer
888; Steptoe, Vasey 25; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 413; Walla Walla, Brandegee 1175;

Blue Mountains, Horner 491; Kittitas County, Vasey 92; Palouse City, /. D. Cloud, June 22,
1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro in Benth. Pl. Hartw. 342. 1857.

Aira elongata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1840.

Type Locauity: “Sandy islands of the River Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: British Columbia to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1664; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858;
Mason County, Kincaid, June, 1893; Montesano, Heller 4044, 3953a; Nisqually Valley, Allen
38; Seattle, Piper 843; Okanogan County, Sandberg & Leiberg 582; North Yakima, G H.
Wait; Wenache, Whited 1302; Stehekin, Whited 1399; Roslyn, Whited 477; Skamania County
Flett 1372; Pullman, Piper 1741; Walla Walla, Brandegee 1174; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull

70; Mount Carlton, Kreager 199; Tieton River, Cotton 50; Ellensburg, Vasey 389.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

‘ TRISETUM.
Lemmas awnless; panicle narrow
Lemmas awned.
Panicle dense and 'spike-like: 5020 34..cs cnavcocccnutaceleeas suas 2. T'. spicatum,
Panicle loose and open.
Sheaths pubescent, lemma 7 mm. long
Sheaths glabrous; lemma 5 mm. long

ee nee ee eer ee 1. T. muticum.*

EA ae Ae ae rr ae 3. T. canescens.
ec eet 2 Sn PEE Po Ls COTTE

1. Trisetum muticum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. 11: 50. 1898.
Trisetum subspicatum muticum Boland.; S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 296. 1880.
Trisetum brandegei Scribner, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 64. 1883.

Type Locatity: “On the upper Tuolumne,” California. Collected by Bolander.
Rance: California to Washington, east to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Suksdorf 949.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter, Pl. Eur. 1: 59. 1890.
Aria spicata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 64. 1753.
Aria subspicata Li. Syst. Veg. ed. 10: 873. 1759.
Trisetum subspicatum Beauy. Agrost. 88 and 180. 1812.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Lapponiae alpibus.”

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, New Mexico, and North Carolina.

See tmp Plt ae A a cL A PO

+

ee ee ee

-—_--

- PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 125

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1947; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall
in 1860; Mount Rainier, Piper 2620, 1951; Mount Adams, Howell 423; Flett 1414; Yakima
County, Henderson 2261, 2262; Loomis, Elmer 556; Klickitat River, Flett 1368; Blue
Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 687.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

2a. Trisetum spicatum molle (Michx.).
Avena mollis Michx. F]. Bor. Am. 1: 72. 1803.
Trisetum subspicatum molle Gray, Man. ed. 2. 572. 1856.
Type Loca.ity: “Hab. in Canada.”
Range: Alaska to New England and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 633; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 386.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

3. Trisetum canescens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 100. 1862.

Type Locauity: “Oregon, Columbia Plains.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1944, 1945; Seattle, Piper, June, 1891;
Smith 1097; Olympia, Henderson, June, 1892; Montesano, Heller 3931; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 48; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1143; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Palouse,.
F. D. Cloud, June, 1895; Blue Mountains, Horner 502, 518; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 483;
Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 238.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5. Trisetum cernuum Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 1: 61. 1830 (January).

Avena nutkaensis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 254. 1830.

Trisetum sandbergii Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 378. 1896.

Trisetum nutkaense Scribner & Merrill, Univ. Cal. Bot. Publ. 1: 63. 1902.

Type Loca.ity: “ Ex Ins. Sitka.” .

Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1946; Mount Rainier, Smith 979;
Longmire Springs, Smith, August, 1890; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 42; Seattle, Piper,
Smith 846; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1177; Pullman, Piper, July 13, 1899; Klickitat
River, Flett 1368, 1412; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 64; Mount Stuart, Sandberg &
Leiberg 823.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

PHRAGMITES.

1. Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 379. 1880-83. REED.
Arundo phragmites L. Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753.
Phragmites communis Trin. Fund. Agrost. 134. 1820.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Habitat in Europae lacubus, fluviis.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Quebec south to Georgia and California, Europe, Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ophir, Elmer 519; Columbia River, Scouler; Crab Creek, Douglas
County, Lake & Hull 113; between Yakima and Ellensburg, Piper.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

; EATONTIA.
Panicle dense, erect; upper glume obova te.-.......--.---.-------- 1. E. obtusata.
Panicle lax, often drooping; upper glume oblanceolate -.......-..-.- 2. E. pennsylvanica.

1. Eatonia obtusata (Michx.) Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856.
Aira obtusata Michx. FI. 1: 62. 1803.
Type Locauity: “Hab. in aridis, a Carolina ad Floridam.”’
Rance: Washington to Ontario and Massachusetts, southward to Arizona and Florida. _

126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Wawawai, Elmer
1024; Brodie, June, 1898; Parker, A. D. Dunn; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1389; Prosser,
Cotton 733.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Eatonia pennsylvanica (DC.) Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856.

Koeleria pennsylvanica DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 117. 1813.

Type Locatity: “Penn.”

Rance: New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to Georgia and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 61; Steptoe, Vasey 63; Usk,
Kreager 358; Toppenish, Cotton 802.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

KOELERIA.

1. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. Syn. 1: 97. 1805.

Aira cristata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 63. 1753.

Type cLocatity: ‘“ Habitat in Angliae, Galliae, Helvetiae siccioribus.”

Rance: British Columbia to Athabasca, southward to Arizona, Kansas, and Pennsylvania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1668; Alki Point, Piper, June, 1891;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition; Ophir, Elmer 513; Fort
Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition; Wenache, Whited 1131; Douglas County, Spillman, May,
1896; Toppenish, Henderson 2210; Tieton River, Cotton 452; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 411; Klickitat River, Flett 1411; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf'1110 (a very pubes-
cent form); Spokane, Piper 2723; Spokane, Kreager 1 (very pubescent); Clarks Springs,
Kreager 70; Pullman, Piper 1757; Elmer 885; Steptoe, Vasey, June, 1900; Walla Walla,
Leckenby, May, 1898; Blue Mountains, Horner 492; Kittitas County, Vasey 143; Palouse
City, F. D. Cloud, June 22, 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This species is very variable and a critical revision of the genus may show it to consist
of several subspecies. The European forms have been much subdivided in a recent paper
by Domin. To several of his segregates he refers American specimens.

ERAGROSTIS.
Stems creeping; spikelets 10 to 35-flowered .................-.-.----- 1. E. hypnoides.
Stems erect; spikelets 7 to 10-floweréd..............-02------- ee eeeee 2. E. lutescens.

1. Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 69. 1888.

Poa hypnoides Lam. Tabl. Encye. 1: 185. 1791.

Eragrostis reptans Nees, Agrost. Bras. 514. 1829.

TypE Locatity: ‘Ex America merid.”

Rance: New England to Washington, south to Florida, Texas, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kalama, Piper, October, 1901; Almota, Piper 1799; Vancouver,
Sheldon 11266; Toppenish, Cotton 794.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

2. Eragrostis lutescens Scribner, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 7. 1899.
Type ocauity: “Sandy banks of Snake River, Almota, Washington.”
RanGE: Washington and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Kennewick, Elmer in 1897; Almota, Piper 2624.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

fas
ee eee ect e Age't:

ee

ee a

oat i

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 127

MELICA.

Lemmas notched at apex, usually awned.

Awns long.
Metres of the lemme hitsate:<.:. 2 p25... lal tebe ee cence 1. M. smithii.
Nerves of the lemma glabrous:..........--.-2..2.---2------- 2. M. aristata.
MEMOS Oey 2) oes 2 oo scapes lowe es Set cdee wells. 3. M. harfordit.
Lemma not notched at apex, awnless.
Apex of:lemma long-acuminate. -......--226-22252- ees gee eel le 4. M. subulata.
Apex of lemma obtuse.
Not bulbiferous; spikelets 12 to 16 mm. long....-...-.------- 5. M. stricta.

Bulbiferous; spikelets much shorter.
Spikelets shining, slender-peduncled, often nodding;

s PURGE NOS EtOGs soo BOS ee Oe nae Shes e 6. M. spectabilis.
é Spikelets dull, erect or ascending; plants tufted.
Panicle strict; glumes membranous. ............-.-.. 7. VM. bella.
Panicle usually spreading; glumes coriaceous......... 8. M.fugaz.

1. Melica smithii (Porter) Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 294.+1888.

Avena smithii Porter; Gray, Man. ed. 3. 640. 1867.

Melica retrcfracta Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: $2. 1901.

Type coecauity: “isle Royale, Keewenaw Point, Lake Superior.”

Range: Lake Superior to Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; without locality, Sandberg &
Leiberg 504; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2334; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 117.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian?

2. Melica aristata Thurb.; Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 103. 1870.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Loose soil in open woods near Clark’s, 4,000 feet altitude, 1866.”
California.
Rance: California to Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 73; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 93a.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3. Melica harfordii Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 102. 1870.

Type Locauity: ‘ Wooded hillsides, Santa Cruz road, near Lexington [California], June,
1865.”

RanGE: California to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1936, 1938; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 6;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 3, 288,17; Lower Cascades, Skamania County, Suksdorf
1188.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3a. Melica harfordii tenuior nom. nov.
Melica harfordii minor Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 15: 48. 1888, not M. minor Hack. 1881.
Type Loca.ity: Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Vasey in 1889.

4. Melica spectabilis Scribner, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885: 45. 1885.

Melica scabrata Scribner; Piper & Beattie, Fl. Palouse Reg. 25. 1901.

Rance: Eastern Washington and Oregon to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane,County, Suksdorf 1113; Pullman, Piper 1745; Elmer
833; Mount Rainier Forest Reserve, Fett in 1899.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Melica subulata (Griseb.) Scribner, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885: 47. 1885.
Bromus subulatus Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 358. 1853.

,

_——o

128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Melica acuminata Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 104. 1870.

Festuca cepacea Philippi, Linnaea 33: 297. 1864-65.

Melica cepacea Scribner, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 30: 8. 1901.

Type Locauity: Unalaska.

Rance: Northern California to Wyoming and Alaska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1937; Seattle, Piper 839, 864; Coupeville
Gardner 339; Easton, Henderson 2216; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 47; Blue Mountains,
Piper 2560; Lake & Hull 83; Horner 512; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 220,

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic.

6. Melica bella Piper, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 10. 1800.

Melica bulbosa Geyer; Hook. Journ. Bot. & Kew Mise. 8: 19. 1856, nom. nud., not Melica
bulbosa Geyer; Thurb. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 304. 1880.

Tyre Loca.ity: ‘‘ Rocky ravine, Upper Platte.”” Collected by Geyer. =

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Brandegee 1182; Whited, May 31, 1899;
Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 580; Upper Atanum River, Henderson 2214; Peshastin,
Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Wenache, G. R. Vasey, July, 1889; Ellensburg, Piper 2616;
Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton 167; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 239.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Melica bella intonsa, subsp. nov.
Leaves and culms covered with a dense short reflexed pubescence.
Rance: Washington to Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenas, (Griffiths & Cotton 103, June, 1902 (type).

7a. Melica fugax madophylla, subsp. nov.
Leaves and stems glabrous or nearly so.
Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 61 (type), 78, 16, 5; without locality
Wilkes Expedition; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 9, 93.

MELICA BROMOIDEs Gray is included in Suksdorf’s List, but there is no evidence that the
species occurs in Washington.

PLEUROPOGON.

1. Pleuropogon refractum (A. Gray) Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 132:
pl. 69. 1893.

Lophochlaena refracta A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 409. 1872.
TYPE LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Hall.

* Rance: Oregon and Washington west of the Cascades.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1931; Piper; Seattle, Piper 886;

Nisqually Valley, Allen 40; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 734; White River, Vasey 360.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Canadian.

DACTYLIS.

1. Dactylis glomerata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 71. 1753.
Type Locaity: “Habitat in Europae cultis ruderatis.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 224.

ORCHARD GRASS.

POA. BLUEGRAss.

Annual; Jemma without cobwebby hairs at base
Perennial. : :
Plants with creeping rootstocks.
Stem flattened, 2-edged; panicles small
Stem cylindric.

Lemma webbed, that is, with a tuft of long hairs at the
base. ;

i
;

rn alpaeciclal as an ether Sin hele Ak ee se poietic

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 129

Dioecious, seashore plant; spikelets 10 to 15 mm.

Meerut or eo hy cee eke a ik ya nece ne nuuen OLE maeranta:
Perfect; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long................ 4. P. pratensis.
Lemma not webbed.
Low seashore plant with narrow involute leaves and
ORE POMC. 65 apne ea eweentccasdwacseuss- OP, CONAME.
Taller grasses, not maritime, with flat or folded
leaves.
Florets loose; ligule very short, ciliate; lat-
eral nerves of lemma prominent... ..-... - 6. P. nervosa.

Florets close; ligule rather long, not ciliate;
lateral nerves of lemma not prominent..... 7. P. olneyae.
Plants tufted, without rootstocks.
Lateral nerves of lemmas prominent; web present. .....-. . 8. P. trivialis.
Lateral nerves of lemmas not prominent.
Web present at base of lemma.
Leaves flat or folded, not soft and flaccid.
Panicle short, pyramidal; spikelets 6 to 7 mm.

long; low alpine PIB a sah oe ae 9. P. arctica.
Panicle ample, mien) spikelets 3 to re mm.
jc) Ae a ease SW ecel ema se LOS enone.

Leaves flat, rather short, soft fad aid:
Panicle lax, spreading; spikelets 5 to 6 mm.
long; florets not early deciduous. .......... 11. P. leptocoma.
Panicle narrow, the rays usually erect; florets
early deciduous.
Lemma glabrous, or nearly so........... 12. P. bolanderi.
Lemna. pubescent: . 2. 2... 2. 225s n2s 13. P. howellit.
Web absent, no tuft of hairs at base of lemma.
Nerves of the lemma pilose below.
Alpine plant; leaf blades flat, green, broad.... 14. P. alpina.
Maritime plant; leaf blades narrow or folded,
PUMNOOTS = os ooo oc Dee uctkasasese aces 15. P. pachypholis.
Nerves of lemma not pilose.
Stems coarse, 60 to 100 cm. high.
Leaves flat, rarely involute, green or rarely
glaucescent; panicles ample.

Ligules long. °
Panicle compact, lemmas sca-
brous. . ee Evyiekicaas ys AGsk OOnOYE:
Panicle ‘ecser: ace pubes-
benits sce. ace sides se Sigur de ss LEORERO YT:
Ligules short; pails: ee baost ede. Gmnpla,

Leaves narrow, avai: pale; panicles
narrow, erect.

Ligules short............:-.-...... 19. P. brachyglossa.
Ligules long....................... 20. P. nevadensis.
Stems not coarse nor tall, usually under 60 cm.
in height.

Leaves very narrow, filiform and involute.
Panicles loose.
Florets distant; ligule short .... 28. P. idahdensis.
Florets close; ligule long... .-. - 29. P. capillarifolia.

29418--06 m——9

130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Panicles close.
Lemmas scabrous; leaves very
seabrous.....<+-s ss ++ 2s-<s- 80. P. cottont.
Lemmas smooth; leaves smooth. 31. P. cusickit.
Leaves not filiform.
Stems low, 5 to 20 cm. high; grasses
of the highest mountains.
Leaves soft; panicle purple, very
short; plants 5 to 10 cm. high. 32. P. lettermani.
Leaves rather rigid; panicle pale,
narrow, elongated; plant 10 to
DO vein: Neha esos 56s mcaet 33. P. suksdorfit.
Stems taller, usually 20 to 40 em.
high; mostly grasses of rupestrine
habitat.
Panicle close, erect; leaves flat.
Lemmas pubescent at base;
leaves rather narrow, some-
times folded. 2.5 .2.504- . 21. P. sandbergii.
Lemmas glabrous; leaf
blades broader.

Leaf blades soft....-.- 22. P. paddensis.
Leaf blades firm, very
Short. .chccaix ies ca Osa. CUPNIOUE:

Panicles loose; leaves narrow,
flat or involute.
Ligules of the sterile shoots
obsolete; of the culm leaves
short and truncate... -.. 24. P. multnomae.
Ligules well developed on all
the leaves.
Low plants 5 to 10 cm.
high; panicle small,
with divaricate rays
and few spikelets.... 25. P. vaseyochloa.
Taller; 10 to 30 cm.
high; panicle less
spreading, with many
spikelets.
Panicle loose;
glumes thin,
blades involute.. 26. P. gracillima.
Panicle close;
glumes firm,
blades flat... .-. 27. P. saxatilis.

1. Poa annua L. Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753.

Tyre Locauiry: “ Habitat in Europa ad vias.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Ellensburg, Piper 2617; Vasey 181; North Yakima, Watt,
August, 1895; Southbend, Spillman, August 17, 1899; Steptoe, Vasey 1; Pullman, Piper
2769.

Abundantly introduced, but in some localities apparen‘ly native.

2. Poa compressa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753. CANADA BLUEGRASS.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Habitat in Europae et Americae septentrionalis siccis, muris, tectis.”

Ee

——

— -

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 131

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper 2605; Ellensburg, Piper 2618; Steptoe, Vasey
50; Colfax, Vasey 60.

8. Poa macrantha Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 11. 1888.
Type Locairy: “At the mouth of the Columbia River.” Collected by Howell.
RanGE: Seacoast of Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 335; Clallam County, Elmer 1923; West-
port, Henderson 2243; Heller 3944.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Poa pratensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS.

Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1922, 1920; near Montesano, Heller 3866;
White River, Vasey 125; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 124; Sunnyside, Cotton 375; Spokane,
Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Steptoe, Vasey 21; Colfax, Vasey, June 20, 1900; Pullman,
Piper, June, 1893.

5. Poa confinis Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 137: pl. 75. 1893.

Poa abbreviata R. Br. err. det. Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 312. 1880.

Type Locatity: Tillamook Bay, Oregon, according to label on type specimen. Col-
lected by Howell.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson 2245; Port Angeles, Piper 2308; Clallam
County, Elmer 1921; Port Discovery, Wilkes Expedition; Port Orchard, Piper; Johns
Island, Lawrence 200; Ilwaco, Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6. Poa nervosa (Hook.) Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 137: pl. 81. 1893.
Festuca nervosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 251. 1840.
Type Loca.iry: “Nutka Sound.” Collected by Scouler.
Rayer: British Columbia to Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 4901.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

7. Poa olneyae Piper, Erythea 7: 101. 1899.

Tyre Locaity: Spokane, Washington.

RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1358; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 10; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 160; Cleveland, Suksdorf 109; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 9; Mount
Stuart, Hlmer 1159; Atanum River, Henderson 2226; Upper Naches River, Henderson
2235; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Piper 2295, 2820; Wenache Mountains,
Elmer 467, 468, 444; Whited 672; Cotton 1262, 1627, 1658. .

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

This species is near P. wheeleri Vasey and our plant has been referred to that species.

8. Poa trivialis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753. RovuGH MEADOW GRASS.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae pascuis.” .
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Piper, July 5, 1897; Puyallup, Piper 3927, 3928.

9. Poa arctica R. Br. Suppl. to App. Parry’s Voy. 288. 1824.
Tyre Locatiry: Melville Island.
Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 46; Piper 1966.
Both these collections were distributed as Poa lara Haenke.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

10. Poa triflora Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 2: 531. 1792.
Poa serotina Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 83. 1791, nom. nud.
Type Locauiry: Europe.

132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Oregon, Nebraska, and New
Jersey.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper 2810, 2604; Montesano, Heller 4016; Cascade
Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 1452; Ophir, Elmer 517; Spokane, Piper,
August 7, 1898; Clarks Springs, Kreager 52; Usk, Kreager 362; Steptoe, Vasey 61.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

11. Poa leptocoma Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1: 374. 1880.

Type Loca.ity: Sitka.

Rance: Alaska to Washington. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 835; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Lie-
berg 806; Klickitat River, Cotton 1451; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 108; Atanum River, Hen-
derson 2230; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 470; Cotton 1308; Clallam County, Elmer 1919.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

All the Washington specimens that have been referred to Poa reflexa belong to P. lep-
tocoma.

12. Poa bolanderi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 32. 1882.
Tyre Loca.ity: California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2558; Horner 489, 490.

12a. Poa bolanderi chandleri (Davy).
Poa howellii chandleri Davy, Univ. Cal. Bot. Publ. 1: 60. 1902.
Type Loca.ity: “Shackleford Cajon, near Marble Mt., Siskiyou County,” California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2558; Horner 651, 652; without locality,
Vasey in 1889.

13. Poa howellii Vasey & Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 137: pl. 78. 1893.
Type Loca.ity: Portland, Oregon. Collected by Howell. .
Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1924; Seattle, Piper 963, 962; Smith

962; without locality, Suksdorf.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

14. Poa alpina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753.
Tyre Loca.ity: “Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis.’’
Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Colorado, and Quebec. Asia. Europe
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 675.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

15. Poa pachypholis Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 146. 1905.
Type Loca.ity: “Ilwaco, Washington, on cliffs wet by the ocean spray, June 22, 1904.”
Not otherwise known.

16. Poa canbyi (Scribn.)

Glyceria canbyi Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 11: 77. 1883.

Atropis canbyi Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 580. 1896.

Type LocaLity: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Collected by Tweedy and by Bran-
degee.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 819; Cascade Mountains
Tweedy; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1708.

17. Poa leckenbyi Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 2. 1899.
Type Locauity: Scott, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Leckenby.
Rance: Washington.

ae ee ee

eer ay

Ce re eee ie ee ee a

as eae ee Le

|
.
4
;
j

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 135

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sunnyside, Cotton 381; Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896;
Scott, Leckenby; near Eltopia, Cotton 1019.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

18. Poa ampla Merrill, Rhodora 4: 145. 1902.
Poa laeviculmis Williams, Bot. Gaz. 36: 55. 1903. :
Type Loca.ity: Steptoe, Washington. Collected by G. R. Vasey.
Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sprague, Henderson 2224; Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893;

Wawawai, Leckenby 3000; Piper 2567; Spokane, Piper, May, 1897; near North Yakima,

Henderson, May, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1127; Douglas County, Spillman, May,
1896; Pullman, Piper 1755; Elmer 173.
ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

19. Poa brachyglossa Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 145. 1905.

Type Locatity: Douglas County, Washington. Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg.

Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 80; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 1;
Steamboat Rock, Griffiths & Cotton 432; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 484; Brewster, Grif-
fiths & Cotton 260, 264; Condons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 421; Grand Coulee, Griffiths &
Cotton 449; Coulee City, Piper 3916, 3917, 3918; Cold Creek, Cotton 402; Colville Reserva-
tion, Griffiths & Cotton 401, 374, 396; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 512, 536, 518, 548; Wawa-
wai, Piper 3955, 4127.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

20. Poa nevadensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 11: 66. 1883.
Type Loca.ity: Arizona, according to the type specimen.
Rana@e: Washington to Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 2831.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

21. Poa sandbergii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 276. 1893.

Aira brevifolia Pursh, Fl. 1: 76. 1814, not Poa brevifolia Gaud. 1808.

Poa incurva Scribn. & Williams, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 6. 1899.

Tyre Locaity: Lewiston, Idaho.

Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 115; Wenas, Griffiths &
Cotton 66, 99; Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton 170, 173; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 208; Con-
conully, Griffiths & Cotton 305; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1929; Washtucna, Cotton 979;
Waitsburg, Horner 501; Steptoe, Vasey 8, 13, 7, 11, 14, 67; Rock Creek, Cotton 953; Saint
Johns, Cotton 963; Olympic Mountains, Piper 1989.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Arid Transition.

All of the Washington specimens that have been called Poa tenuifolia Nutt. or Poa
buckleyana Nash are referable to P. sandbergii.

22. Poa paddensis Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17 rev. ed.: 261. 1901.

Poa purpurascens Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 297. 1881, not Spreng. 1819.

Type Locauity: “On Mt. Hood, Oregon.” Collected by Howell .

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1915; Flett 831; Elmer 1925, 1927,
1930; Bridge Creek, Elmer 675; Mount Rainier, Allen 184; Piper 1967; Atanum River,
Henderson 2244; Mount Adams, Howell 83; Suksdorf 158, 159.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

23. Poa curtifolia Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 16: 5. 1899.
Type Locatity: Mount Stuart, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1148; Yakima Region, Tweedy in 1882.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

24. Poa multnomae Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 435. 1905.
Sporobolus bolanderi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1896, not Poa bolanderi Vasey, 1882.
Type Locauity: Multnomah Falls, Oregon.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 4902; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 77.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

25. Poa vaseyochloa Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 9: 1. 1899.

Poa pulchella Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 32. 1882, not Salisb. 1796.

Type Locauity: “On the Columbia river, from near the river bank to the summit of the
hills,’ Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon River, Suksdorf 2; Columbia River, Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 1; Mountains, Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 28, 1881.

26. Poa gracillima Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 272. 1893.

Type LocaLiry: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 33; Howell 86, 87; Henderson 2229;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1153.

27. Poa saxatilis Scribn. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 1. 1899.

Type Locauity: ‘‘Mt. Rainier, Washington, altitude 2100 meters.”

Rance: Washington to California, in the mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1993, 983; Elmer 1928; Flett 834, 97;
Mount Rainier, Piper 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964; Mount Stuart, E7mer 1154, 1155; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper 2555.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

28. Poa idahoensis Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 539. 1896.

Poa filifolia Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 271. 1893, not Schur. 1866.

Poa scabrifolia Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 310. 1897.

Poa spillmani Piper, Erythea 7: 102. 1899.

TyPE LocaLity: Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County, Idaho.

Rance: Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 94; Douglas County, Spillman, May
27, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

29. Poa capillarifolia Scribn. & Williams, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 1.
1899.
Type Loca.ity: California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2238; Ellensburg, Piper 2614,
2615; opposite Clarkston, Hunter 42.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

30. Poa cottoni Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 146. 1905.

Type LocaLity: Rattlesnake Mountains, Yakima County, Washington.

Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 557; Griffiths & Cotton 4, 20;
Kahlotus, Cotton 1010.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

31. Poa cusickii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 271. 1893.
TYPE LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.

¢ wweree

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 135

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2246; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 94;
Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 164, 172; Naches River, Henderson 2233.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

32. Poa lettermani Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 273. 1893.
Type Locatity: Gray Peak, Colorado.
Rance: Washington to Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 1968, 1969; Flett 267.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

33. Poa suksdorfii (Beal) Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 574. 1896.

Atropis suksdorfii Beal, loc. cit.

Type Locatity: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington to Colorado?

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 183, Piper 1965; Mount Adams, Flett
1399, Henderson 2227, Suksdorf 1116; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1147.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

POA sTENANTHA Trin. is reported in Hooker’s Flora as collected on Mount Rainier by
Tolmie. No recent collections made in Washington seem referable to this Alaskan species,
though its occurrence would not be surprising.

Poa cagsta Smith and Poa nemorauis L. both appear in Suksdorf’s list, but we have
seen no specimens that can be so referred.

DISTICHLIS.

1. Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 415. 1887. SALTGRASS.

Uniola spicata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 71. 1753.

Distichlis maritima Raf. Journ. Phys. 89: 104. 1819.

Distichlis spicata laxa Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 519. 1896.

Distichlis spicata stricta Scribn. Mem. Torr. Club 5: 51. 1894.

Poa borealis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 245. 1840.

Brizopyrum boreale Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 280. 1830.

Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Americae borealis maritimis.”

Rance: In saline soils throughout the United States.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ophir, Elmer 508; Olympics, Elmer 1667; Seattle, Piper 809;
Tacoma, Flett 133; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 106; Piper 3911; Alkali Lake, Sandberg &
Leiberg, July, 1863; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Douglas County, Spill-
man, May, 1896; State of Washington, Sandberg & Leiberg 463; Parker, A. D. Dunn; Kit-
titas County, Vasey 58; Lake Omack, Griffiths & Cotton 372.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Transition.

FESTUCA. Fescur.
Annuals; stamen usually one.
Spikelets densely 8 to 13-flowered - ates a Suis keed celeste Mids AeOOre
Spikelets loosely 1 to 5, rarely éfowesd.
Branches of the short panicle divergent.

Spikelets. ndt at all pubescent........-.....--.-.02-2-- 2. F. pacifica.
Spikelets more or less pubescent.
Lemma glabrous; glumes hirsute...........-...-.- 3. F. confusa.
Lemma hirsute; glumes glabrous. ............-.-.- 4. F. eriolepis.
Branches of the elongated panicle erect or appressed.
First glume 4 to 4 as long as the second; lemma ciliate... 5. /’. megalura.

First glume 3 to } as long as the second; lemma not ciliate. . 6. F'. bromoides.

. Perennials; stamens three.

Plants with narrow involute leaves, usually tufted.

136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Blades at length deciduous from the persisting sheaths . - . -. . 11. F. hallii.
Blades not deciduous from the sheaths. i
Plant producing short rootstocks or stolons... ......-.- 7. F. rubra.

Plant not producing rootstocks or stolons.
Awns longer than the lemma; ovary hispidulous at

ADOK Us tee Po ee eee Rees SER Reco s abe 8. F. occidentalis.

Awns not longer than the lemma; ovary glabrous.
Leaves closely involute, firm; awns usually well

: developed cic. aoe te cee avcee Sete ee 9. F’. ovina.
Leaves closely involute; awns very short, or
PONG Ac ee Pee Bed Se eee Ue Baas 10. F. viridula.

Plants with flat broad leaves, not densely tufted.
Lemma indurated not-atiall keeled o5. goss ccn.ccs pone ecaet 12. F’. elatior.
Lemma membranous, keeled below.

PIGrets\Stipitate Bt Daae OC as aon es 2 5< ice aeons oS 13. F. subuliflora.
Florets not stipitate at base..........-...........-.. 14. F. subulata.

1. Festuca octoflora Walt. Fl. Car. 81. 1788.

Festuca tenella Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 419. 1797.

Tyre Locauity: Carolina.

Rance: Throughout most of temperate North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Wilson Creek, Sand-
berg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Wenache, Whited, July, 1896; Columbia River, 46° to 49°,
Lyall in 1860; North Yakima, Henderson 2193; Prosser, Leckenby, May 2, 1898; Sunny-
side, Cotton 355; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 410; Pasco, Piper, May 26, 1899; Spokane,
Leckenby, June 2, 1898; Marshall Junction, Piper 2279; “Steptoe, Vasey, May, 1900; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Kreager 3; Coulee City, Piper 3914.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

2. Festuca pacifica Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 12. 1906.

Type Locauity: Pullman, Washington.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1139; Olympia, Henderson 2176;
Wenache, Whited 1228; North Yakima, Henderson 2174; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
472; Pasco, Leckenby, May, 1898; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; between
Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Steptoe, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Lake
& Hull 108; Piper 1754; Almota, Piper 1925; Coulee City, Piper 3913.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

This species has commonly been mistaken for the rare Californian F’. microstachys Nutt

3. Festuca confusa Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 13. 1906.
Tyre vocatity: West Klickitat County, Washington.
Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1140.
ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Festuca eriolepis Desv. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 6: 428. 1853.
Festuca arida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 86: 52. 1903.
Type Loca.ity: Chile.
Rance: Washington to Nevada and California, Chile.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson 2196; Coulee City, Piper 3915.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

5. Festuca megalura Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 188. 1847.
Festuca myuros hirsuta Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 558. 1901.
Vulpia myuros hirsuta Hack. Cat. Gram. Port. 24. 1888.

RE RES AR,

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Li:

Type Locauity: “Santa Barbara, Upper California.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California, Argentina. Chile. Portugal.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County Elmer, 1914; East Sound, Henderson 2175;
Seattle, Piper; Spokane, Leckenby, June, 1898; Pullman, Piper 3062; Steptoe, Vasey 18,
20; Waitsburg, Horner R 231.

_ ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

6. Festuca bromoides L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753.

Type Locatity: ‘“ Habitat in Anglia, Gallia.’

Rance: British Columbia to California. Introduced from Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1137; Tacoma, Flett; Stuart Island, Lawrence
62, 136; Port Crescent, Lawrence 257.

7. Festuca rubra L. Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753. . RED FESCUE.

Festuca vallicola Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 57. 1900.

Type LocaLity: European.

RanGeE: Subarctic regions, southward mainly along the seacoasts to California and Vir-
ginia, and in the mountains to Colorado. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Tacoma, Fett 40, Piper 2621; Spokane, Wilkes Expedition;
Piper 2594; Steptoe, Vasey 39; Pullman, Piper 1930, 3023; Horner 909; Clallam County,
Elmer 1912, 1913; Fairhaven, Piper 2607; Port Angeles, Piper 2309; Westport, Henderson
2173; Kitsap County, Piper 848; Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; Smith, May 29, 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

7a. Festuca rubra megastachys Gaud. Fl. Helv. 1: 287. 1828.
Festuca oregona Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 2: 126. 1877.
Tyre Locauity: Switzerland.
Rance: Alaska to Oregon and New Jersey. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1140; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 1147.

7b. Festuca rubra multiflora (Hoffm.) Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 499. 1900.
Festuca multiflora Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 1': 50. 1800.
Type LocaLity: Germany.
Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. Maine. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Suksdorf 119.

7e. Festuca rubra kitaibeliana (Schultes) Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 23. 1906.
Festuca kitaibeliana Schultes, Mant. 2: 398. 1824.
Festuca barbata Schrank, Prim. Fl. Salisb. 46. 1792, not L. 1759.
Bromus secundus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 280. 1830.
Festuca rubra secunda Scribn. Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10: 39. 1899.
Festuca rubra pubescens Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 607. 1896.
Type Locatity: “In Hungaria.”’
Rance: Alaska to Oregon, Wyoming, and New England. Hurope: Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 332; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 167.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.
This subspecies is easily recognizable by its pubescent lemmas.

8. Festuca occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 249. 1840.

Festuca ovina polyphylla Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 597. 1896.

Type Loca.ity: “ Plains and elevated grounds of the Columbia near the sea.’’ Collected
by Douglas.

Rance: Idaho and British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1915, 1917; Nisqually Valley, Allen 50;
Seattle, Smith, May 20, 1889, Piper 834; Lake Chelan, Vasey 65; Skamania County, Flett
1385; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3085; Blue Mountains, Piper

138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2556; Horner 500; Lake & Hull 80; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 482; Fort Van-
couver (ex Hooker); Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 188.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

Our plant has been referred to Festuca ovina heterophylla of Europe, which, however, is
quite different.

Qa. Festuca ovina ingrata Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 598. 1896.
BLUE BUNCHGRASS.

Festuca ovina oregona Hack.; Beal, op. cit. 599.

Festuca vaseyana Hack.; Beal, op. cit. 601.

Festuca ovina columbiana Beal, op. cit. 599.

Type LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Howell.

Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1142; Cascade Mountains, Henderson
2192; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 85, 76; Piper 2410; Ellensburg, Whited 640; Ophir,
Elmer 514; Pullman, Piper 1752; Elmer 826; Rock Creek, Piper 2610; Kamiak Butte,
Piper 3085; Steptoe, Vasey, in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 68; Spokane, Kreager 41.

ZONAL bisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

9b. Festuca ovina supina (Schur) Hack. Mon. Fest. 88. 1882.

Festuca supina Schur, Enum. PI. Transs. 784. 1866.

Type Locaity: Transylvania.

Rance: Arctic regions, southward in the mountains to California, Arizona, and New
Hampshire. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1985; Elmer 1911; Flett 91, 117;
Mount Baker, Flett 868; Mount Rainier, Allen 181; Piper 1960, 1958; Smith 958; Mount
Adams, Flett 1400; Klickitat River, Flett 1362.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

This subspecies has commonly been confused with the flaccid-leaved F’. ovina brachy-
phylla (Schultes) Piper (F’. brevifolia R. Br.)

10. Festuca viridula Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 13: ¢. 93. 1893.

Festuca gracillima Hook. err. det. Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 318. 1880.

Type Locauity: ‘ California.”

Rance: Idaho and Washington to California. ;

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 116, 121; Peshastin, Sandberg &
Leiberg 693; Mount Rainier, Piper 1959; Mount Adams, Flett 1397; Henderson 2200;
Suksdorf 449; Atanum River, Henderson 2191; Mount Rainier, Allen 180; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 276, 241; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 407.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

11. Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 31. 1906.

Melica hallii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 296. 1881.

Festuca scabrella major Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 278. 1893.

Type LocaLity: Rocky Mountains between latitudes 39° and 41°.

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Wenache Mountains,
Elmer 460; without locality, Vasey 38; Steptoe, Vasey 5; Wenache Region, Vasey 441;
Spokane, Suksdorf in 1884; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 165; Colville Reservation,
Griffiths & Cotton 353.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

12. Festuca elatior L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753. MeEapow FeEscug.
Type Locaity: ‘Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 1986; Naches River, Henderson 2234; Pullman,
Piper 2020; olfax, Vasey 46.

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PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 139

13. Festuca subulifiora Scribn. in Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 2: 396. 1890.

Festuca ambigua Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 277. 1893, not Le Gall. 1852.

Festuca denticulata Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 589. 1896.

TypPE LocaLity: Goldstream, Vancouver Island.

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan County, Henderson 2197; Seattle, Piper in 1889;
Olympia, Henderson 2179; Port Crescent, Lawrence 278.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

14. Festuca subulata Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 173. 1832.

Festuca jonesii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 278. 1893.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sitka.

Rance: Alaska to Utah and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1916, 1918; Coupeville, Gardner 338;
Seattle, Piper 837, 957, 938; Smith, June, 1890; Nisqually Valley, Allen 39; Piper 1981;
Harmony, G@. Hofer, July 26, 1901; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 504; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Lake & Hull 81; Horner 506; Clarks Springs, Kreager 38;
Chelan County, Vasey 5.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian.

PANICULARIA.

Spikelets linear, 10 to 20 mm. long.
Flowering glumes scabrid only on the nerves; spikelets 10 to 17 mm.

WOME ances Cae occa sano owns Reale ab ialom aks wae em eae nels 1. P. borealis.
Flowering glumes scabrid all over the back; spikelets 16 to 20 mm
WODG cide ts sadls somes Gece cmmaes ppb Masi Ce eee eee wa ee De belo 2. P. fluitans.
Spikelets ovate or oblong, 2 to 8 mm. long.
Flowering glume with 5 prominent nerves ............----------- 3. P. pauciflora.
Flowering glume with 7 prominent nerves.
Spikeleten (6:4. Him: 4008 csc sucess eeeeicenksbkeeee ses 4. P. nervata.
Spinelets.4 16:0: long eo oc est. so essaws eee ets wes 5. P. americana.

1. Panicularia borealis Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 348. 1897.

Glyceria borealis Piper, F]. Palouse Reg. 27. 1901.

Type LocaLity: Van Buren, Maine.

Rance: New York to California and northward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Valley of Nisqually, Allen 441; Seattle, Piper 855; Ellensburg,
Whited, June 29, 1897; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 1, 1900; Pullman, Piper 1748;
without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 701; Vasey 57, 517.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Panicularia fluitans (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 782. 1891.

Festuca fluitans L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1758.

Glyceria fluitans R. Br. Prod. Fl. Noy. Holl. 1: 179. 1810.

Panicularia davyi Merrill, Rhodora 4: 145. 1902.

Glyceria leptostachya Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 95. 1862.

Type Locatiry: European.

Rance: British.Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to New Jersey, Kentucky, and
California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3982; Quinault River, Lamb 1400; Van-
couver, Piper 4905.

‘ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Panstion:

The Heller and the Lamb specimens agree with the types Panicularia davyi and Glyceria
leptostachya, characterized by having the lemmas puberulent-scabrous and the glumes
small and thin. These characters seem to be too variable, however, to accept as specific.

140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Panicularia pauciflora (Presl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 783. 1891.
Glyceria pauciflora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 257. 1830.
Panicularia flaccida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 55. 1903.
Panicularia multifolia Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 54.
TypE Loca.ity: “In sinu Nootka.”
Rance: British Columbia to California, eastward to Montana and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1939, 1942, 1941; Cascade Mountains,

Lyall, in August, 1860; Seattle, Piper 810; Valley of Nisqually, Allen 49; Ellensburg,
Whited 686; Vasey 363; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; West Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 1137; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901; near Colfax, Vasey 58; without local-
ity, Sandberg & Leiberg 604, 507; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 506; Clallam County,
Elmer 1940; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 162.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

The original description of Glyceria pauciflora does not apply well to our plant, but the
name is here used as commonly applied. An examination of the type will doubtless
show it to be different, perhaps not of this genus.

-

4. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 783. 1891.

Poa nervata Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 389. 1797.

Glyceria nervata Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1: 365. 1830.

Tyre Locaity: “Habitat in America boreali.”

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to California, Mexico, and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 481 and July, 1897; North Yakima, Leck-
enby, June 1, 1898; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 95; Spokane County, Suksdorf 105; Spo-
kane, Wilkes Expedition; between Colfax and Almota, Brodie; Union Flat, Piper, July
9, 1901; Shotgun Canyon, Palouse River, Vasey, July 1, 1900; eastern Washington, Lake &
Hull 373; Davis’ ranch, Kreager 224; Kittitas County, Vasey 126.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

Specimens collected by Tweedy and Brandegee and referred by Professor Scribner to
Glyceria pallida are probably a pale form of P. nervata. As we have not been able to find
the specimens this is purely surmise.

4a. Panicularia nervata elata (Nash).

Panicularia elata Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 54. 1900.

Glyceria latifolia Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 573. 1902.

Type Locauity: ‘Sweet Grass Cafion, Crazy Mountains,’’ Montana.

Rance: British Columbia, Washington, Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Seattle, Smith 942; Stampede
Pass, Henderson, October 4, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1136; Railroad Creek,
Elmer 721; Mount Carlton, Kreager 274.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, especially Humid.

5. Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacMillan, Met. Minn. 81. 1892.
Poa aquatica americana Torr. Fl. U. S. 1: 108. 1824.
Glyceria grandis Wats. in Gray, Man. ed. 6. 667. 1890.
Type LocaLity: Deerfield, Massachusetts.
Rance: New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to Tennessee and Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; Montesano, Heller 4071; Van-
couver, Howell 362; Loomis, Elmer 628; Alma, Elmer 534; Ellensburg, Piper 2577; Waits-

burg, Horner 229; Lake Chelan, Vasey 523; Seed Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 507.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

a Bull. Torr. Club 10: 78. 1883.

Te fees lane: a,

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 141

PUCCINELLIA. .
Panicle narrow, its base usually inclosed in the upper sheath, erect or the
short lower branches sometimes divergent .........----------------- 1. P. angustata.
Panicle well exserted, the branches becoming divaricate or reflexed..-..-... 2. P. distans.

1. Puccinellia angustata (R. Br.) Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 512. 1895.
Poa angustata R. Br. App. Parry’s Voyage 287. 1824.
Glyceria pumila Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 48. 1888.
Poa nutkaensis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 272. 1830.
Type Locauity: Melville Island.
RANGE: Seacoasts, arctic regions south to Oregon and Maine,
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1027.

2. Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. Fl. Ital. 1: 367. 1848.

Poa distans Li. Mant. 1: 32. 1767.

TYPE Loca.ity: “Habitat in Austria.”

Rance: Seacoasts; subarctic regions south to Oregon and New Jersey. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima City, Piper 2590; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 102, 73;
Seattle, Piper 1451; Clallam County, Elmer 1910.

None of the above specimens are typical P. distans, but in the present confusion of the
genus they are tentatively so referred.

BROMUS. Brome arass.

Spikelets strongly flattened.
Awns less than 7 mm. long.
Leaves linear, somewhat involute, pilose... ..............-- 1. B. subvelutinus
Leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, not pilose. ...............--- 2. B. marginatus.
Awns more than 7 mm. long.
Panicle very broad, the longest rays 15 to 25 em. long, droop-
WOM ore eras ook ce pe va ttre e eae aden cee ee aaee 3. B. sitchensis.
Panicle large but the rays not drooping. ......-....-.----- 4. B. carinatus.
Spikelets subterete, not strongly flattened.
Native perennials mostly with loose and drooping panicles; lemma
usually more or less long-hairy.
Rays of the panicle not drooping.
Panicle branches spreading, stiff; lemma scabrous or
short-pubescent over the back.........-.-...-...-.. 5.-B. orcuttianus.
Panicle short and erect; lemma pubescent on the sides.. 6. B. suksdorfii.
Rays of the panicle drooping.
Plant with rootstocks................-- fe eae 7. B. laevipes.
Plants without rootstocks.
Lemma evenly pubescent.

Panicle large, heavy; culms stout.......-.... 8. B. pacificus.
Panicle small; culms slender............-...- . 9. B. eximius.
Lemma unevenly pubescent. ...........-.------- 10. B. richardsonii.

Introduced annuals or biennials.
Awns much longer than the body of the narrow lemma.

Lemma pubescent; awns 13 to 15 mm. long. -....._--- 14. B. tectorum.
Lemma not pubescent.
Awne 06-te. 45 tom. long. o 2 ooo sscsc2 See es 11. B. maximus.
Awns less than 30 mm. long.
Panicle a dense head-like cluster. ...........- 12. B. rubens.

Panicle loose... ... AP iakaeaseetameseceeees 13. B. sterilis.

142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Awns shorter than or scarcely exceeding the broad lemma.

‘Awns: minutevor wanting. c-o.s<sccs.t caren ewe eaters 15. B. brizaeformis.
Awn well developed.
Panicle: dense;small coi. chee Occ eae hee 16. B. hordeaceus.
Panicle loose, open.
Awn twisted and divaricate.................. 17. B. japonicus.
Awn straight.
Margins of the lemma inrolled in fruit... . - 18. B. secalinus.

Margins of the lemma not inrolled in fruit. 19. B. racemosus.

1. Bromus subvelutinus Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23 : 52. 1900.
Tyre LOCALITY: Reno, Nevada.
Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Hunter 596.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Bromus marginatus Nees; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 322. 1854.

Type Loca.ity: “Douglas legit ad fluv. Columbia, St. Louis.” This is some undeter-
mined point on the Columbia River.

RanGeE: British Columbia to Arizona and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper 2607; Whidby Island, Gardner 329; Wenache
Lake, Vasey 103; Wenache, Whited 4; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1359; Skamania
County, Flett 1391; Klickitat River, Flett 1391; Ellensburg, Whited 440; Union Gap,
Yakima River, Cotton 448; Tieton River, Cotton 484; Blue Mountains, Piper, 2565, July
15, 1896; Salmon River, Horner 511; Cold Creek, Cotton 401; Steptoe, Vasey in 1901;
Walla Walla, Shear 1593; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 174; Yakima, Leckenby in 1898.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition mostly.

This species has commonly but erroneously been called B. breviaristatus Hook.

2a. Bromus marginatus seminudus Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23:
55. 1900.

TYPE Locaity: “On open mountain side 5 miles above Wallowa Lake, Oregon.”
Collected by Shear. ;

Rance: Washington to Montana, south to California and Utah. :

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1990; Elmer 1956; Montesano,
Heller 3979.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

2b. Bromus marginatus latior Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 55. 1900.
Type Locauity: “Walla Walla, Washington.” Collected by Shear. ;
Rance: Washington to Wyoming, south to New Mexico and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1958; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9,
1897; Yakima, Leckenby, June 20, 1898; Steptoe, Vasey 23; Pullman, Piper 1738; Walla
Walla, Shear 1615.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Bromus sitchensis Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 173. 1832.

Type Loca.ity: Sitka.

Rance: Washington to Alaska along the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant, in 1889; Seattle, Piper 3014,
3013; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Cascade Mountains, Lyall, in 1859.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 403. 1841.
Bromus hookerianus minor Scribner; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 614. 1896.
TYPE LOcALITy: California.

Rance: California to Washington and Idaho.

a a ae

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 143

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper 260; Seattle, Piper, May 30, 1890, 818 in part;
Tacoma, Leckenby, in 1898; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 65; Walla Walla, Shear 1579;
Almota, Piper 3561; Wawawai, Piper 3552; Horner 915; Walla Walla, Shear 1579; Tacoma,
Leckenby in 1898.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

4a. Bromus carinatus hookerianus (Thurb.) Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. Agrost. 23:
60. 1900.

Bromus hookerianus Thurb. in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 493. 1874, not Wiegel. 1772.

Ceratochloa grandiflora Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 253. 1840.

Bromus virens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 98. 1862, not Nees. 1829.

Type Loca.ity: “Plains of the Columbia”, according to the original description.
“Upland dry soils on the Multoonah [i. e., the Willamette], 1826’, according to ticket on
type specimen, collected by Douglas.

RanGE: California to Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 818; Lyle, F. W. Magan; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 16.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

5. Bromus orcuttianus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 223. 1885.
Type Locauity: “‘ Near San Diego’’, California.
Rance: South California to Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf' 172; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 120.

6. Bromus suksdorfii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 223. 1885.
Type Locatity: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount. Adams, Suksdorf 620, 74.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

7. Bromus laevipes Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 45. 1900.
Type Locauity: “On the Columbia River, west Klickitat County, Washington.”
Rance: California to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 178.

8. Bromus pacificus Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 38. 1900.
Bromus magnificus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 53. 1903.
Type Locauity: ‘In moist thickets near the seashore south of Seaside, Oregon.”
Rance: Oregon to Alaska along the coast.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 3803; Clallam County, Elmer 1957;
Granville, Conard 343.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

9. Bromus eximius (Shear).

Bromus vulgaris eximius Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 44. 1900.

Bromus ciliatus glaberrimus Syksdor{, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 93. 1901.

Type Locauity: “Moist, open mountain side 4 miles above Wallowa Lake, Oregon.”
Collected by Shear.

Rance: Oregon and Washington. ;

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Atanum River, Henderson, August 2, 1892; Skamania
County, Suksdorf 2335.

9a. Bromus eximius robustus (Shear).

Bromus vulgaris robustus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 44. 1900.

Type Loca.ity: “In moist thickets near the seashore, Seaside, Oregon.’’ Collected by
Scribner and Shear.

Rance: Oregon to British Columbia and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 946; Montesano, Heller 3999; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 176.

144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

9b. Bromus eximius umbraticus nom. nov.

Bromus vulgaris Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 43. 1900, not Bromus
purgans vulgaris Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 252. 1840, nor B. secalinus vulgaris Koch, Syn,
819. 1837.

Type Locatity: Collected in the upper Nisqually Valley, Washington, by Allen (no. 41).

RanGE: California to British Columbia, east to Montana and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1961, 1960; Seattle, Piper 945, 946;
Tacoma, Flett 74; Nisqually Valley, Allen 41; Blue Mountains, Piper 2563; Lake & Hull
79: Horner 513, 514; Clarks Springs, Kreager 57; Tacoma, Leckenby; Klickitat River,
Suksdorf 177; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 175.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This species was formerly confused with B. ciliatus L., which is not known from within
our limits.

10. Bromus richardsonii pallidus (Hook.) Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
23: 34. 1900.

Bromus purgans pallidus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 252. 1840.

Type Locauity: “Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains.”

Rance: Nebraska to. Nevada and.northward to the Arctic.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 3803;
White River, Vasey 378; Loomis, Elmer 559.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian or Hudsonian.

11. Bromus maximus Desf. Fl. Atl. 1: 95. 1800.
Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Hab. in arvis,’’ Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Leckenby, June 2, 1898.

lla. Bromus maximus gussoni Parl. Fl. Ital. 1: 407. 1848.
Bromus gussoni Parl. Rar. Pl. Sic. 2: 8. 1840.
TYPE Locatity: Sicily.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Piper, July, 1897; Leckenby in 1898.

12. Bromus rubens L. Cent. Pl. 1: 5. 1755.
Type Locatity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 5077.

13. Bromus sterilis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753.

Type Locauity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 2554; Stuart Island, Lawrence 169; Walla
Walla, Shear 1616.

14. Bromus tectorum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753.

Type Locatity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Pasco, Elmer 1047; Pullman,
Piper, July 4, 1899; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 191; Wallula, Cotton 1066.

15. Bromus brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 30. 1837.
Type Locauity: ‘‘In montibus Talisch.”’

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Union Gap, Yakima River, Cotton 430; Waitsburg, Horner 563; _

Steptoe, Vasey 53; Almota, Piper 1739; Wawawai, Piper 1739; Pullman, Piper 1739;
Elmer 876.

16. Bromus hordeaceus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753.
Bromus mollis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1; 112. 1762.
TYPE LocALity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 796; Steptoe, Vasey 22; Almota, Piper 3562;

Pullman, Elmer 878 in part; Piper, May, 1894, June 21, 1901; Prosser, Cotton 1110; Walla
Walla, Shear 1585; Tacoma, Leckenby in 1898.

5 f
oe atalted

et Mid

a ae

NT OG RLS

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 145

16a. Bromus hordeaceus glabrescens. (Coss.) Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 23: 20. 1900.
Bromus mollis glabrescens Coss. F). Descr. Par. 654. 1845.
Type Locauity: Paris, France.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cold Creek, Cotton 495; Kittitas County, Vasey 74; Pullman
Elmer 878 in part.

\

17. Bromus japonicus Thunb. Fl. Jap. 52. t. 11. 1784.
Bromus patulus Mert. & Koch in R6h]. Deutschl. Fl. 1: 685.1823.
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Prosser, Cotton 1111.

18. Bromus secalinus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 76. 1753. ‘ CuEart.
Type Looaxity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae agris secalinis arenosis.’’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1987; Fort Colville, Lyall, August, 1860; Steptoe,
Vasey 45, 48; Waitsburg, Horner 521.

19. Bromus racemosus commutatus (Schrad.) Hook. f. Stud. Fl. Brit. Isl. 451. 1870.
Bromus commutatus Schrad. Fl. Germ. 353. 1806.
TYPE LocaLity: Germany.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1959; Montesano, Heller 3983; Seattle |
Piper 944; Pullman, Elmer 886; Piper 3926.

SPARTINA.
Plant stout; spikelets 12 to 14 mm. long.............-.....----------- 1. S. pectinata.
Plant slender; spikelets 6 to 9 mm. long.............-...------------- 2. S. gracilis.

1. Spartina pectinata Link, Jahrb. 1°: 92. 1820.

Type Locaxity: ‘‘Aus Nordamerika.”’

RanGe: Nova Scotia to Washington, south to New Jersey, Indian Territory, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861, Almota, Piper 2372; Kalis-
pel Lake, Kreager 339

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Transition.

This species has commonly been known as Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Michx., but the
type of Dactylis cynosuroides is the species known as Spartina polystachya Michx.

2. Spartina gracilis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 6?: 110. 1840.

Type Locarity: “Amer. Bor.’

Rance: British Columbia to California, eastward to North Dakota and Kansas.

SeECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 891; Coulee City, Henderson 2248, Piper 3910;
Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 248; Silver Lake, Henderson 2248; without icedity.
Brandegee 1152; Okanogan, Griffiths & Cotton 266; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 450;
Condons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 418.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

BECKMANNIA.

1. Beckmannia erucaeformis (L.) Host. Gram. Austr. 3: 5. 1805.

Phalaris erucaeformis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753.

Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Siberia, Russia, Europa australi. ”

RanGe: Ontario to British Columbia, south to Iowa, Colorado, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 587; Toppenish, Henderson, May, 1892; Pullman,
Piper 1750; Union Flat, Whitman County, Lake & Hull 109; Steptoe, Vasey 62; Ellens-,
burg, Vasey 495; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 519.

ZONAL bistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

29418—06 m——10

146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

CAPRIOLA.
1. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 764. 1891. BERMUDA GRASS.

Panicum dactylon L. Sp. Pl. 1: 58. 1753.

Cynodon dactylon Pers. Syn. 1: 85. 1805.

Tyre Locatiry: ‘‘Hab. in Europa australi.”’

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Leckenby, August, 1897.

SCRIBNERIA.

1. Scribneria bolanderi (Thurb.) Hackel, Bot. Gaz. 11: 105. 1886.

Lepturus bolanderi Thurb. Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 401. 1868.

Type Locatity: ‘‘Dry gravelly soil, Russian River Valley, California.” Collected by
Bolander.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Major Creek, Suksdorf 913.

ZONAL pistriBuTION: Arid Transition.

LOLIUM.

Glumes equaling or exceeding the spikelet without the awns.......... 1. L. temulentum.
Glumes shorter than the spikelet --.. .. 2... 2 222.2 eee. ewe onda nee 2. L. perenne.

1. Loliim temulentum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753.
Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae agris inter Hordeum, Linum.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 794.

2. Lolium perenne L. Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753. PERENNIAL RYEGRASS.
Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Europa ad agrorum versuras solo fertili.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 786; Montesano, Heller 3981.

AGROPYRON. WHEAT GRAss.

Plants densely tufted, seldom producing stolons.
Glumes awnless.

Spikelets flattened, somewhat remote..........-.--------- 1. A. spicatum.
Spikelets subterete, close.
Lemmas long-awned... .. .:5 sdebedke oe stant iveae 2. A. richardsonii.

Lemmas awnless, or very short-awned.
Spikes slender, 5 to 20 cm. long; lower glume 5-nerved 3. A. tenerum.
Spikes short, 2 to 7 cm. long; lower glume 3-nerved. 4. A. biflorum.

Glumes awned.

Awns short; glumes lanceolate. ........-.---------------- 5. A. gmelini.
Awns long; glumes subulate.
Spike dense; herbage pubescent ...........----------- 6. A. saxicola.
Spike loose; herbage glabrous.........-...-.--------- 7. A. flexuosum.

Plants not tufted, producing abundant stolons.
Lemma hairy. -

Spike rather dense; lemmas villous.............---------- 8. A. subvillosum.
Spike loose, elongate; lemmas puberulent ....-...---.----- 9. A. lanceolatum.
Lemma not hairy, usually glabrous.
Leaves scabrous on both sides...........--.-------------- 10. A. occidentale.
Leaves smooth beneath, pubescent above.......----------- 11. A. repens.
1. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
4: 33. 1897. Wueat punonorass. Prats XIX.

Festuca spicata Pursh, Fl. 1: 83. 1814.
Agropyron divergens Nees in Steud. Syn. Plant. Glum. 1: 347. 1854.

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Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

BUNCHGRASS (AGROPYRON SPICATUM) GROWING ON BASALT OUTCROPPINGS.

"2. SS

SS SETS OS | a ee Ge Shellie one ee quent a LR ag PT ae apy 0 Ye - ar a E

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 147

Type tocaity: Type collected by Lewis June 10, 1806, then at “Camp Chopunnish,”’
opposite Kamiah, Idaho.

Rance: Washington and Montana to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, 1147; Ellensburg, Whited 650; Yakima, Hen-
derson 2140; Skamania County, Flett 1383; Tieton River, Cotton 451; Steptoe, Vasey 36;
Pullman, Piper 1760; Blue Mountains, Sandberg & Leiberg 583; Lake & Hull 77; Horner
519, 515; Piper 2562; Almota, Piper 1753; Wawawai, Elmer 750; Piper 1911, 3001, 3954,
3960, 3525.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

For illustration of a bunchgrass prairie see Plate XI, facing page 48.

la. Agropyron spicatum inerme (Scribn. & Smith) Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. ed. 2. 3. 1900.
Agropyron divergens inerme Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 27. 1897.
Agropyron vaseyi Scribn. & Smith, loc. cit.

Tyre Locatiry: “‘ British Cohitaies to Utah and tise: hy

Rance: British Columbia to Utah and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1231, 1265; Wenache, Whited 1376;
Stehekin, Whited 1395; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Waits-
burg, Horner 235, 234; Lake Chelan, Vasey 169; Spokane, Piper 2612; Pullman, Piper 1913;
Wawawai, Piper 1916, 30044, 3962; Elmer 753; Almota, Piper 1915; Big Meadow, Kreager
419; Whitman County, Henderson 2132. .

The last-named specimen is the type of Agropyron vaseyi Scribn. & Smith.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

1b. Agropyron spicatum puberulentum nom. nov.
Agropyron spicatum pubescens Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 52. 1903, not Triticum repens pubes-
cens Déll. Fl. Bad. 129. 1857.
Type Locatiry: Mount Stuart, Kittitas County, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Rance: Eastern Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1157, 1158.

2. Agropyron richardsoni (Trin.) Schrad.; Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
4: 29. 1897.

Triticum richardson Trin. Linnaea 12: 467. 1838.

Type Locaity: “ America borealis arctica ?”’

Rance: British Columbia to New England, south to the Black Hills and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 340; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 511;
Yakima Ridge, Cotton 1411; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1329.

ZONAL DistriBuTION: Arid Transition.

This species is exceedingly close to A. caninum Roem. & Schult., to which indeed some
of the specimens may be referable.

8. Agropyron tenerum Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 258. 1885.
Agropyron pseudorepens Seribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 34. 1897.
Tyrer Loca.iry: Fort Garland, Colorado, according to the label of the type specimen.
Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to New England, Colorado, and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bridge Creek, Elmer 679; Yakima, Leckenby, June, 1898; Piper
2844; Johns Island, Cotton 208; Seattle, Piper, June 20, 1889; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 667; Toppenish, Cotton 793; Prosser, Cotton 744; Squaw Creek, Cotton 878; Cow
Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 509, 533; Conconully Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 293; Olympia to
Gate City, Heller 4059; Ellensburg, Piper 2587; Yakima, Watt, July, 1895; Spokane, Piper
2595; Henderson, July, 1892; Palouse, Henderson 2139; Pullman, Piper 1910.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

4. Agropyron biflorum (Brign.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 760. 1817.
Agropyron biflorum Brign. Pl. Rar. Foroj. 18. 1810.
Type Locatity: Not ascertained.

148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bridge Creek, Elmer 676.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian,

5. Agropyron gmelini (Griseb.) Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.
4: 30. 1897.

Triticum caninum gmelini Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 16. pl. 248. 1831.

Type Locauity: “Hab in rupestribus ad fl. Tscharysch, Buchtorma, Katunja.”

Rance: Washington to Montana and Nebraska. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Creek, Suksdorf 1167.

This specimen is probably a mere form of A. spicatum with short basal leaves and short-
awned empty glumes. It has much less scabrous lemmas than A. gmelini of Siberia, which
plant, in typical form at least, does not seem to occur in America.

6. Agropyron saxicola (Scribn. & Smith).
Elymus saxicola Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 56. 1898.
Type Loca.ity: “Among bowlders and rocky crevices on the summit of Mount Chapaca,
altitude 1,900 meters,’’ Okanogan County, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Rance: Known only from the type locality.

7. Agropyron flexuosum Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 149. 1905.

Sitanion fleruosum Piper, Erythea 7: 99. 1899.

Type LocaLiry: Wawawai, Washington.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Leckenby 88; Piper 3004, 3965, 3967; Wenache Moun-
tains, Cotton 1671, 1758.

8. Agropyron subvillosum (Hook).
Triticum repens subvillosum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 254. 1840.
Agropyron dasystachyum subvillosum Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 4: 33. 1897.

Type Loca.ity: “Fort Norman on the Mackenzie River.”

Ranae: Saskatchewan to Washington, Nevada, and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2585; Whited 680; Klickitat County, Leckenby,
May, 1898; Connell, Leckenby 2622; Toppenish, Henderson 2137; Pasco, Henderson 2171;
Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Lake
Chelan, Vasey 530; Walla Walla, Wilkes Expedition 1035; Prosser, Cotton 634; Kiona,
Cotton 719; North Yakima, Watt 2271.

ZONAL DISTRIEUTION: Upper Sonoran.

9. Agropyron lanceolatum Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 34.
1897.

Agropyron elmeri Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 54. a

Type Locauity: Blackfoot, Idaho. Collected by Palmer.

Rance: Washington, Idaho, Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited in 1895; Lake Chelan, Vasey 81; Chelan, Vasey
287; below Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton 154; Ophir, Elmer 523; Palouse, Cloud, June 22, 1895;
Wawawai, Brodie 894; Piper 3006, 3069, 3964; Elmer 759.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

10. Agropyron occidentale Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 277: 9. 1900.
BLUESTEM.
Agropyron glaucum occidentale Scribn. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 9: 119. 1885.
Agropyron spicatum Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 33. 1897,
not Festuca spicata Pursh. 1814.
Type Locatiry: Kansas.
Rance: Washington to ‘Wiceouains Texas, and Arizona.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 149

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited in 1895; North Yakima, Wait, July, 1895; Ophir,
Elmer 512; Coxpeville, Gardner 320, 334.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

The Agropyron glaucum of Suksdorf’s List is based on specimens of A. occidentale.

11. Agropyronz repens (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 102, 146. 1812. ~ QUACK Grass.
Triticum repens Li. Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753.
Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Europae cultis.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Piper, July 20, 1897; Walla Walla, Leckenby, July 18,
1899; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3, 1901.

HORDEUM. WILD BARLEY.

Floret of the central spikelet pediceled; glumes ciliate............-.- 1. H. murinum.
Floret of the central spikelet sessile; glumes not ciliate.
Glumes all alike, subulate.
Lateral florets long-awned.

PWHNS TOG OM 1ODR, oda es ce ass ne enskico wen acees 2. H. jubatum.
Awns 2 to 3 em. long.
Sheaths and blades glabrous. .......-...-..------- 3. H. caespitosum.
Shestha and blader pilose. 2.2.42 2252.2 ek ees 4. H. comosum.
Lateral florets not awned..
TIRES DOTA TIOULIEE CoS Seseuat etme cs eves oheps 5. H. nodosum.
ERLE NOTee POMOC: cosas c. sme esa et oss se Gets <ic 6. H. boreale.
Glumes not all-‘subulate, the inner ones obliquely lanceolate. ---- - - 7. H. geniculatum.
1. Hordeum murinum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753. WALL BARLEY.

Type Loca.iry: “Habitat in Europae locis ruderatis.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Tacoma, Piper 2602; Ellensburg, Piper 2582;
Waitsburg, Horner 246; Almota, Piper 3560; Wallula, Cotton 1045.

2. Hordeum jubatum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753. SQUIRREL TAIL.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in Canada.”

Rance: Alaska to Ontario, south to California and Kansas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1889; North Yakima, Henderson 2208; Par-
ker, A. D. Dunn, August 11, 1901; Pullman, Piper 1746; Spokane, Piper, June, 1897;
Steptoe, Vasey 49.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

3. Hordeum caespitosum Scribn. Proc. Davenp. Acad. Sci. '7: 245. 1899.

Typr Locatity: Edgemont, South Dakota.

Range: Washington to Assiniboia, Kansas, and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Leckenby, June 3, 1898; Alma, Elmer 535; near Colum-
bus, Suksdorf 218; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 245; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton
463; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1384, 1404; Kiona, Cotton 718; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton
445.

ZONAL DisTRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

4. Hordeum comosum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 327. 1830.
Type Loca.ity: Chile.
Rance: Washington. Chile.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alma, Elmer 535; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 363.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Hordeum nodosum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 126. 1762.
Typr Locauiry: ‘Habitat in Italia, Anglia.’
Range; North temperate America, Asia, and Europe.

150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 830; Fairhaven, Piper 2603; Seattle,
Smith 803; Tacoma, Flett 45, Leckenby; Columbia River, 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Step-
toe, Vasey 16; without locality, Sdhdberg & Leiberg 245; Box Canyon, Pend Oreille River,
Kreager 433.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5a. Hordeum nodosum depressum Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.
Bull. 4: 24. 1897.
Type Locatity: Near Lexington, Morrow County, Oregon. Collected by Leiberg.
RanGE: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1886; Washtucna, Cotton 990.

6. Hordeum boreale Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 24. 1897.
Type Locauity: “ Aleutian Islands and Alaska to Oregon and California.”
Rance: Alaska to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1747; Steptoe, Vasey, July 2, 1901; Kittitas
County, Vasey 49; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1168.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

7. Hordeum geniculatum All. Fl. Ped. 2: 259. 1785.

Hordeum maritimum With. Bot. Arr. Brit. Veg. ed. 3. 2: 172. 1796.

Tyre Locaity: Piedmont, Italy.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 814; Dry Creek, Whitman County, Vasey 52,
Waitsburg, Horner 247; Walla Walla, Leckenby, May 19, 1898, Griffith & Cotton 556.

ELYMUS. Ryearass.

Anntisl:: Plumes TIPId, SPrOAGING’ = 5.) oc se cec yaa cease ede ped see 1. FE. caput-medusae
Perennials.
Tufted grasses without rootstocks.
Culms stout, 1 to 2 meters high.
Spikelets 1 to 1.5cm. long, usually glabrous or scabrous. 9. E. condensatus.

Spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long, pubescent .........-.-.-- 10. E. arenarius.
Culms slender, seldom 1 meter high.
Lemma pubescent; spike nodding ...-..-..-.------ 2. E. canadensis.

Lemma not pubescent; spike erect.
Glumes subulate.
Awns of lemma 30 to 40 mm. long ....-..-- 3. E. leckenbyi.
Awns of lemma 3 to 5 mm. long........... 4. E. aristatus.
Glumes lanceolate.
Awns of lemma well developed.
Spikes dense; lemma not ciliate .....-- 5. E. glaucus.
Spikes usuallyinterrupted;lemmaciliate. 6. /. borealis.
Awns of lemma short or obsolete.
GJumes rigid, longer than the spikelet.. 7. E. virginicus.
Glumes not rigid, shorter than the spike-
letiverane sees ip acgraietase « x atemiare nw sees acs Calne SO
Not tufted but spreading by long rootstocks.
Ibemames lonp-yilons .<35 2 6 Senet os icon ls Seid ona oe 11. E. flavescens.
Lemmas not long-villous.
Spike dense; lemma scabrous-puberulent; giumes

RDHINELY MUNGO ins 66 ee Atrr yoke ace 12. E. vancouverensis.
Spike not dense; glumes not hirsute.
Lemma glabrous, usually glaucous ........-.--- 13. E. triticoides.
emu puber lent. 2.2 es ose kr ees ee *_ 14. E. arenicola.

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+ tele SMa egg an = oa ep PY

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PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. gS §

1. Elymus caput-medusae L Sp. PI. 1: 84. 1753.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Lusitaniae, Hispaniae maritimis.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Steptoe, Vasey 3076.

2. Elymus canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753.

Sitanion brodiei Piper, Erythea 7: 100. 1899.

Type Locaity: “ Habitat in Canada.”

Rance: Canada to Washington, south to Georgia and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alma, Elmer 518; Naches Valley, Piper 2584; Columbia River,
46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Box Canyon, Kreager 381; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861;
Wawawai, Brodie, July, 1898; Waitsburg, Piper 2561; Horner, July, 1896; Kiona, Cotton
728; Mabton, Cotton 745; Parker, Dunn; Bishops Bar, Brodie, July, 1898.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

3. Elymus leckenbyi Piper.
Sitanion leckenbyi Piper, Erythea 7: 100. 1899.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Sandy bars of Snake River at Wawawai, Wash.’’ Collected by Piper
and Leckenby.
Rance: Eastern Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Piper 3003, 3963, 3959, 3969, 3972; Leckenby 86.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

4. Elymus aristatus Merrill, Rhodora 4: 147. 1902.
Tyre Locatity: ‘Silver Creek, Harney Co., Oregon.’
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 5194, July 16, 1905.

5. Elymus glaucus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1862.

Elymus americanus Vasey & Scribn.; Macoun, Cat. Can. Plants 2: 245. 1888.

Type Locarity: ‘Columbia River.” Collected by Nuttall.

Range: Alaska to the Great Lakes, Missouri, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fleft 839, 833; Fairhaven, Piper 2608;
Mason County, Piper, July, 1890; Tacoma, Leckenby, August, 1898; Falcon Valley, Suks-
dorf 2151; Ellensburg, Whited 687; Yakima, Leckenby, June 20, 1898; Wenache, Whited
1301; Whitman County, Piper, July, 1894; Wind River, Flett 1393; Wawawai, Piper,
June, 1896, 2566, 2999, 3058; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 78, 82.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Transition.

6. Elymus borealis Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 9. 1900.

Elymus ciliatus Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 57. 1898, not Muhl.
Gram. 179: 1817.

Type Locauity: ‘Common in wet places, Sitka, Alaska.’

Range: Alaska to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1992; Flett 833; Elmer 1907.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

7. Elymus virginicus submuticus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 255. 1840.
Elymus curvatus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 233. 1903.
Type Locauity: ‘“‘Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchewan.”
Rance: Washiugton to Ontario and south to Kansas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Box Canyon, Kreager 375.

8. Elymus virescens Piper, Erythea 7: 101. 1899.
Type Locauity: “In damp coniferous woods, 3,000 ft. altitude, Olympic Mts., near the
head of the Duckaboose River.’’ Collected by Piper. Not otherwise known.

gays CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

9. Elymus condensatus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 265. 1830.
Type tocauity: “Ad Monte-Rey Californiae.”’
Ranae: British Columbia to Alberta, southward to California and Nebraska.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ophir, Elmer 520; Ellensburg, Piper 2588; Vasey 71; North
Yakima, Watt 2270; Yakima, Piper 2592; Pasco, Henderson 2167; Klickitat County, Suks-
dorf 1172; Clarks Springs, Kreager 59; Pullman, Piper 1751; Steptoe, Vasey 64; Wawa-
"wai, Piper 2593.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

9a. Elymus condensatus pubens Piper, Erythea 1: 101. 1899.
Type Locaity: ‘In strong alkali soil near Yakima City, Wash.” Collected by Piper.
Known only from the original locality.

10. Elymus arenarius L. Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753.

Type cLocauity: “Habitat ad Europae litora marina in arena mobili.”

RanaeE: On sea and lake shores, Greenland to Labrador, Alaska to Washington and the
Great Lakes. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper 2606; Whatcom, Suksdorf 1028; Clallam County,
Elmer 1906; Seattle, Piper 813; Westport, Henderson 2169.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. f

11. Elymus flavescens Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 8: 8. 1897.
Type LocaLity: Columbus, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Ranae: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Leckenby, May, 1898; Columbus Suksdor}

916; Eureka, Nelson, July 4, 1899.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

12. Elymus vancouverensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 48. 1888.

Tyre LocaLity: Vancouver Island. Collected by Macoun.

RanGE: Seacoast of Washington and British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner, September 1, 1899; Seattle, Piper 812, 2858;
Howell 207.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

13. Elymus triticoides Buck]. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1862.
Tyee Locatity: ‘‘ Rocky Mountains.”
Rance: Washington to Colorado, Arizona, and California.
. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 437; Ellensburg, Piper
2586; Whited 519; North Yakima, Henderson 2172; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2124;
Wawawai, Piper 1911, 3066; Elmer 1021; Walla Walla, Leckenby 90; North Yakima,
Griffiths & Cotton 334; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 364; Seattle, Howell 206%
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

14. Elymus arenicola Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 7. 1899,

Type Locatity: “Suferts, Oregon.”’ Collected by A. B. Leckenby.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rockland, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1176; Walla Walla, Leck-
enby, May, 1898; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 466, 468; Brandegee 1202.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

This species has been referred erroneously to E. dasystachys littoralis Griseb.

—

=

fi ren al

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 153

SITANION.

Glumes cleft or parted into 3 to many lobes; awns of lemmas 8 to
RTT PYLE Se aa Nc RK gr eae eee re 1. S. jubatum.
Glumes entire or only 2-cleft or 2-parted.
Nerves of the glumes two.
Glumes entire; lemma glaucous, 1 em. Jong........---.--- 2. S. brevifolium.
Glumes or some of them bifid or 2-parted.
Sheaths and upper surface of leaves glabrous.

Leaves strongly involute ... . 232-2237. .75-% 52-2 6. S. basalticola.
Leaves flat or tardily involute.

Blades $:to 7 tam: broad. 2. <2 245 foes e ches « 5. S. latifolium.
Blades 2 to 5 mm. broad.
Low plants; awns of lemmas3to4cem.long. 3. S. rigidum.

Taller; awns of lemmas 4 to 5 cm. long... 4. S. glabrum.
Sheaths and upper surface of leaves pubescent.
Awns 2 to 3 times as long as lemma... -..-...----- 7. S. ciliatum.

Awns 4 to 5 times as long as lemma.
Innovations many; culm leaves7 to12cm.long. 8. S. hystrix.

Innovations few; culm leaves 2 to6 em. long.. 9. S. velutinum.
Nerves of the glumes 3 to 5.
Leaves glaucous, 5 to 8 mm. broad..........-.-.-.------- 10. S. planifolium.
eaves reen, 2tO's 1M; bfoad. 3.2. So. cas - occ edsbca eee 11. S. rubescens.

1. Sitanion jubatum J. G. Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 10. 1899.
Sitanion villosum J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 11. 1899.
Sitanion strictum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 59. 1903.

Type Looauity: “ Waitsburg, Wash.” Collected by Horner.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 249, 573; Wawawai, Piper 2998; Pullman,
Piper 3021; Walla Walla, Shear 1602; Griffiths & Cotton 554; Waitsburg, Horner 574;
Spokane, Piper 2598; Pullman, Piper, July 28, 1899; Wawawai, Piper 3528, 3958, 3970,
3529; Clarks Springs, Kreager 99; Almota, Elmer 266.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Sitanion brevifolium J. G. Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 17. 1899.
Type Locauity: Tucson, Arizona.
Rance: Washington to Colorado and Arizona.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 5193, July 16, 1905.

8. Sitanion rigidum J. G. Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 13. 1899.

TypPE Locaity: “Cascade Mountains, Washington.” Collected by Allen.

Ranee: Washington to California and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fett 119, 832; Goat Mountains, Allen 178;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1145; Mount Chapaca, Elmer, August, 1897; Blue Mountains, Horner
579; without locality, Vasey 454.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

4. Sitanion glabrum J. G. Smiih, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 14. 1899.
Type Locauity: ‘ Near Crystal Spring, Caso Mountains, California.”
Range: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1904; Mount Rainier, Piper 1952;
Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; head of Twenty-five-mile Creek, Gorman 824.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

5. Sitanion latifolium Piper, Erythea 7: 99. 1899.
Type Locauity: “Blue Mts., Walla Walla County, Wash.’’ Collected by Piper,
Rance: Known only from the type specimen.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Walla Walla County, Piper, July, 1896.

6. Sitanion basalticola Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 234. 1903.
Type Loca.ity: ‘In basaltic soil, Coulee City, Washington.’’ Collected by Piper.
Rance: Douglas County, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3924.
ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

’
— rr

7. Sitanion ciliatum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 58. 1903.
Type Locauity: “On dry rocky hills west of Wenatchee,’ Washington. Collected by
Whited.
Rance: Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1360; Waterville, S. E. Jordan; - ;
Coulee City, Piper 3923; Lincoln County, Sandberg & Leiberg 221; Bickleton, Suksdorf 127. :
ZONAL bistRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

8. Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 15. 1899, ;
Aegilops hystrix Nutt. Gen. 1: 86. 1818. :
Sitanion albescens Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 57. 1903.

Type Locauity: “Arid plains of the Missouri.”

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2579; Whited 670; Snipes Mountain, Cotton
380; Pasco, Piper 2962; Coulee City, Piper 3921, 3922; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897;
Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 76; Walla Walla, Leckenby, July, 1898.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

9. Sitanion velutinum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 233. 1903.
Type Loca.ity: “Steptoe, Whitman County, Washington.” Collected by Vasey.
Rance: Eastern Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Steptoe, Vasey.

10. Sitanion planifolium J.G. Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 19. 15.5.
Type Locatity: ‘High mountains, Skamania County, Wash.’’ Collected by Suksco.-.
Rance: Mountains of Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1903; Skamania County, Sukscory

224. -

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic?

11. Sitanion rubescens Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 80: 234. 1903.

TypE Loca.ity: “Dry rocky places, 2,300 m. altitude, Mount Rainier, Washington.”
Collected by Piper.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 1954.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

Munroa squarrosa Torr. and Bouretoua oLicosTracuyA Torr. are included in Suks-
dorf’s list. There is no direct evidence that either of these occurs in the State.

CYPERACEAE. SepGE FamIty.

Flowers monoecious; akene inclosed in a sac-like structure ey ae
(Deroy NN) acs hes somber eon Sa cae oe SUS eet ae Carex (p. 161).
Flowers perfect; spikelets all alike.
Spikelets flattened, the scales 2-ranked.
Perianth-bristles none; inflorescence terminal......... Cyperus (p. 155). }
Perianth-bristles 6 to 9; inflorescence axlerys.cn..cs4 Duticuium (p. 156).

————

— tay ee

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 155

Spikelets cylindric, the scales spirally arranged.
Style not enlarged at base.

Annuals; perianth bristles none... .----------- Hemicarpua (p. 159).
Perennials; perianth bristles present.
Bristles short; barhed.......--.---------- Scirpus (p. 156).
Bristles long and silky, smooth... .-........ ErtopHorum (p. 158).
Style enlarged at base. :
Spikelets solitary on a scape ...---------------- ELeocuaris (p. 159).
Spikelets not solitary ; stems leafy. ....---------- Ruyncnospora (p. 161).
CYPERUS.
Rachis not winged; annuals.
Scales tipped with recurved awns........-.....--------------- 1. C. inflexus.
Seales apuimibite, Nol awned .. 5 2... 3-22 cee nono cs ees acess 2. C. acuminatus.
Rachis winged.
Wing of the rachis separating from it as scales; annual... -- -- -- - 3. C. erythrorhizos.
Wing of the rachis persistent. :
Perennial with corm-like tubers........-.-.--------------- 4. C. strigosus.
Perennial by rootstocks bearing nut-like tubers......-.----- 5. C. esculentus.

1. Cyperus inflexus Muhl. Gram. 16. 1817.

Cyperus aristatus Rottb. err. det. Boeck]. Linnaea 35: 500. 1868

Type LocaLity: Pennsylvania.

Rance: British Columbia to Vermont, south to Mexico and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 81; Kalama, Piper, October 31,
1901; Cascade Mountains, 7’weedy 38; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, Elmer
in 1897; Yakima, Henderson, October, 1892; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Almota,
Piper, September, 1896, August, 1894; Wawawai, Piper, August 24, 1894; without locality,
Elmer 1069; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894; without locality, Lake & Hull 369; Mission, .
Kreager 493; Toppenish, Cotton 803; Prosser, Cotton 644.

- ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lyc. N.Y. 3: 435. 1836.
Type Locatity: “Near St. Louis, Missouri.”’
Rance: Washington to Illinois, south to California and Texas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

3. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Gram. 20. 1817.

Cyperus occidentalis Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 259. 1836.

Cyperus cupreus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 172. 1828.

Type Locatity: Pennsylvania.

Rance: Washington to Massachusetts, south to Florida and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 221, 222, 587; Parker, Dunn,
August 8, 1901; Almota, Piper, 1937; Vancouver, Sheldon, 11274.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

_4. Cyperus strigosus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 47. 1753.

Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in paludibus Jamaicae, Virginiae.”’

Rance: Washington to Maine, south to Texas and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1261, 84, September 15, 1886.
This was listed by Suksdorf as “C. incompletus Link? ”’

5. Cyperus esculentus L. Sp. PI. 1:45. 1735. Nut GRAss.
Cyperus phymatodes Muhl. Gram. 23. 1817.
Type Looaity: “Habitat Monspelii, inque Italia, Oriente.”

156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Californ’a and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West KIckitat County, Suksdorf 223; Almota, Piper 2651.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

DULICHIUM.

1. Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 29. 1894.

Cyperus arundinaceus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1758.
Schoenus spathaceus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 63. 1762.
Cyperus spathaceus L. Syst. ed. 12. 2: 735. 1767.
Dulichium spathaceum Pers. Syn. 1: 65. 1805.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Virginia.”

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Oregon, Texas, and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 692; Lakeview, Flett, September 20, 1899.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

SCIRPUS.

Spikelets solitary, terminal.
Involucral bract present, not longer than the spikelet.

Perianth bristles none occ 5. <5 ea sce cess cceccexessceces 1. S. riparius.
Porianth: bristles’6; smooth .. 2+ 222.22. see eee ees 2. S. cespitosus.
Involucral bract 2 to 3 times as long as the spikelet .......---- 3. S. subterminalis.

Invonioral bract «wanting 54 f<0 J. cock sono aces nse secon = 4. S. pauciflorus.

Spikelets several to many, rarely solitary.
Stems terete.

Inflorescence apparently lateral, sessile .........-.-------- 5. 8.

Inflorescence umbellate.

Akenes 2 mm. long, the scales little longer. .........-- 6. S.
Akenes 2.5 to 3 mm. long, the scales one-fourth longer. 7. S.

Stems three-angled.

TAVOlCrAl IOBE GUIGATY 25 no cee Sys ee ee ee ee es 8. 8.

Involucral leaves several.
Spikelets 1 to 2 cm. long.

Akenes oblong-obovate, pale.........-.-.-.----- 9. 8.

Akenes orbicular-obovate, dark ........--------- 10. S.
Spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long.

Akenes 3-angled; bristles 6 -..-. 202 020-2s00--0 TLS:

Akenes plano-convex; bristles 4........-.-.-.--- 12.8.

1. Scirpus riparius (R. Br.) Spreng. Syst. 1: 208. 1825.
Isolepis riparia R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Hol. 222. 1810.
Type Loca.ity:+ Port Jackson, Australia.
Rance: Washington to California. South America. Australia. Africa.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 318; Seattle, Piper 2860.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Scirpus cespitosus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753.
TyPeE Locatity: Europe.

nevadensis.

validus.
occidentalis.

americanus.
brittonianus.
robustus.

atrovirens.
microcarpus.

Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington, Colorado, and New York.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2248; Skamania County, Suksdorf
2241; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg775; Bridge

Creek, Elmer 644; Granville, Conard 376.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

Eat Ba eh Se hae Fes *

a4

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 157

3. Scirpus subterminalis Torr. F]. U.S. 1: 47. 1824.
Tyree Locatity: Near Deerfield, Massachusetts.
Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Howell, August, 1882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 88.

4. Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 2: 1078. 1777.
Eleocharis pauciflora Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 284. 1827.
Type Locauity: Highlands of Scotland, “as upon Malgbyrdy in Breadalbane.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Washington, Colorado, and New York.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 90; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 416.

5. Scirpus nevadensis S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 360. 1871.

Type LocaLity: ‘Shore of Soda Lake in Carson Desert, Nevada.’

Raneae: Washington to Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Crab and Wilson creeks, Lake & Hull 364; Sandberg & Leiberg
266; Condons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 416.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

6. Scirpus validus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 268. 1806.

Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Carabeis.”’

Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Texas, and the West
Indies.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner, 512; Wenache, Whited 584.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Scirpus occidentalis (S. Wats.) Chase, Rhodora 6: 68. 1904. TULE.

Scirpus lacustris occidentalis S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 218. 1876.

TypE Locatity: San Diego County, California.

Rance: British Columbia to California, eastward to New England.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 1012; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 85; North Yakima,
Henderson, May, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 2; Cascade Mountains to Colville,
Lyall in 1860; Alma, Elmer 539; Douglas County, Lake & Hull 394; Davis Lake, Kreager
435; Toppenish, Cotton 773; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1400.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

8. Scirpus americanus Pers. Syn. 1: 68. 1805 (March).

Scirpus pungens Vahl, Enum. 2: 255. 1805 (October).

Type Locauity: “Hab. in Carolina inferiore.”’

Range: Throughout North America. Chile.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 305; Tacoma, Fett, September, 1896;
Westport, Henderson in 1892; Alma, Elmer 533; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Lei-
berg 332, 324; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Medical Lake, Sandberg &

Leiberg 55; Waitsburg, Horner 207; Tacoma, Flett 2235; Stuart Island, Lawrence 35.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

9. Scirpus brittonianus nom. nov.
Scirpus campestris Britton, Ill. Fl. 1: 267. 1896, not Roth. 1800.
Scirpus robustus campestris Fernald, Rhodora 2: 241. 1900.

Tyre Locauity: ‘Manitoba and Minnesota to Nebraska, Kansas, and Mexico, west to
Nevada.”

Rance: Washington to Manitoba, south to Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 333; Satus, Elmer 1067; Black
Rock Spring, Suksdorf 465.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

10. Scirpus robustus Pursh, Fl. 1: 56. 1814.

Type tocaity: ‘In salt marshes and on the banks of rivers, common’” in the Atlantic
States. .

158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Nova Scotia to Texas along the coast. Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1008; Clallam County, Elmer 2725; Admiralty
Head, O. Piper, May 27, 1898.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

11. Scirpus atrovirens Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 79. 1809.
Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat in America boreali.”
Rance: Washington to Labrador south to Georgia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Piper, July, 1896; Horner 19.
ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

12. Scirpus microcarpus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 195. 1828.

Scirpus lenticularis Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 328. 1836.

Scirpus sylvaticus digynus Boeck. Linnaea 36: 727. 1870.

Tyre LocaLity: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island.

Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to California and New York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 307; Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; ; Tacoma,
Flett 206; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1267; Ellensburg, Whited, July, 1898; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg & Leiberg 387; Railroad Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Pend Oreille River,
Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Piper; Pullman, Piper, July 15, 1901; Clallam County, Elmer
2723; Mount Garlean: Kreager 298; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1366; —— Griffiths
& Cotton 227; Squaw Creek, Cotton 879.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

13. Scirpus nanus Spreng. Pug. 1: 4. 1815.

Eleocharis pygmaea Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 313. 1836.

What is probably this species occurs on flat shores at the mouths of streams near Seattle
and elsewhere, but it is apparently always sterile. The presence of the characteristic
nodules on the roots seems to justify this determination.

ERIOPHORUM. Corron Grass. nf
Spike solitary; bristles‘ coppery.¢ 2-3). <s6\scenresusmanedeeae ee acs 1. E. chamissonis.
Spikes several; bristles white.
Akene obovoid, obtuse; leaves flat, 3 to 8 mm. wide .....-..-..--- 2. E. polystachyon.
Akene oblong, acute; leaves 3-sided, 2 to 4 mm. wide ........... 3. E. gracile.

1. Eriophorum chamissonis ©. A. Meyer in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 70. 1829.
Eriophorum russeolum Fries, Novit. Mont. 3: 170. 1842.
Type Locatity: Unalaska.
Rance: British Columbia to Washington, Newfoundland to Quebec. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 311; Seattle, Piper 684; Tacoma,

Flett 207; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; Ilwaco, Henderson, August, 1886; Weiser .

Lake, Suksdorf, July 21, 1890; Tacoma, Flett 2227; Ilwaco, Piper 4953.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

The “FE. vaginatum L.”’ of Suksdorf’s list is based on an erroneous determination of the
above species.

2. Eriophorum polystachion L. Sp. Pl. 1: 52. 1753.
TYPE LocaLity: European.
Range: Alaska to Labrador south to Oregon and Georgia. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 1016, 2174; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 89;

Cascades 490, Lyall in 1860; Tweedy 41; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 789.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hectic.

8. Eriophorum gracile Roth, Cat. Bot. 2: 259. 1800.
TYPE LocaLity: Europe.

Tee

ae ee ee ee

a nett

ONE be

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 159

Rance: Washington to Newfoundland, south to California and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 776; Mount Adams, Henderson, July, 1892;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1138; Seattle, Smith 1016; Coulee City, Piper 3857; Priest Rapids,
Cotton 1380.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Hudsonian.

- HEMICARPHA.

Scales erect or spreading only at the tips, little exceeding the akenes... 1. H. micrantha.
Scales spreading, 2 to 3 times as long as the akenes.
Akenes black; scales broad, abruptly acuminate ....-...-...-.--- 2. H. aristulata.
Akenes brown; scales narrow, gradually attenuate ..-..-- fs 3. H. occidentalis.

1. Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 104. 1888.
Hemicarpha subsquarrosa Nees; Mart. Fl. Brasil 2': 61. 1842.
Scirpus micrantha Vahl, Enum. 2: 254. 1805.
Type Locaity: “Habitat in America meridionali?’’
Rance: Washington to New England and south into South America.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 811, 88.

2. Hemicarpha aristulata (Coville) A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 400. 1902.
Hemicarpha micrantha aristulata Coville, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 36. 1894.
Hemicarpha intermedia Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 36. 1901.

TYPE LOoALITY: Texas.
Rance: Washington to Texas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 2375.

3. Hemicarpha occidentalis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 391. 1868.
TypPE LocaLity: Yosemite Valley, California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 87.

ELEOCHARIS. Spike rusu.

Styles 2-cleft; akenes biconvex.
Tubercles constricted basally.

Annual, roots fibrous} akenes Blache | ttl scene geereweeacy 1. E. capitata.
Perennial with mooiaionick: SCUNGs DROWN. coo oo eke cas 2. E. palustris.
Tubercles not constricted basally; annuals.
Heads ovoid; bristles longer than the akenes ..........-.---.- 3. E. obtusa.
Heads phioka: bristles not longer than the akenes .......-.--- 4. E. monticola.
Styles 3-cleft; akenes 3-angled.
Tubercles broad and short; akenes ribbed .......-...-.-.--------- 5. E. acicularis.
Tubercles: subulate: akenes smooth: .222.<..2...020cscgh5-c<cecc cee 6. E. rostellata.

1. Eleocharis capitata (L.) R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1: 225. 1810.
Scirpus capitatus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753.
Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Virginia.”
RancGE: Washington to Maryland and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August, 1892.

2. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 151. 1817.
Scirpus palustris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 47. 1753.
Type Looauity: European.
Rance: Subarctic and Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Seattle, Piper, May, 1891; Smith 1006; Seattle, Smita,

160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

July, 1889; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 90; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 705;
Ellensburg, Whited, July, 1897; Wenache, Whited 82; Westport, Henderson, June, 1892;
Lamb 1103; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 323; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in
1861; Pullman, Elmer 295; Clallam County, Elmer 2724; Lake Kalispel, Kreager, 333, 444;
Newport, Kreager, 453, Mount Carlton, Kreager, 289; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton,
452; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton, 502, 523; Cow Creek to Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton,
466; Prosser, Cotton 660; Toppenish, Cotton 788.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

A variable species which has been much subdivided by European authors. Our form was
referred to E. multicaulis Smith in Hooker’s Flora.

8. Eleocharis obtusa Schultes, Mant. 2: 89. 1824.

Scirpus obtusus Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol 76. 1809.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in America boreali.”’

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Kansas and the Gulf of Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 4073; Henderson, June, 1892; Seattle,
Piper 661; Vancouver Lake, Suksdorf 2328; Manor, Piper 3076; Almota, Piper, July, 1897;
Eastern Washington, Lake & Hull 361; Green River Hot Springs, Piper 6280; Waitsburg,
Horner 14.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

8a. Eleocharis obtusa gigantea Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 493, 1899.
Type LocaLity: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°. Collected by Lyall.
Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859.

4. Eleocharis monticola Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 496. 1899.
TYPE LocaLity: Plumas County, California.
RanGE: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; Bingen, Suksdorf 2583.

4a. Eleocharis monticola leviseta Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 496. 1899.
Type Loca.ity: Coeur d’Alene River, Kootenai County, Idaho.
Rance: Washington and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Kalispel, Kreager 332a, 332b.

5. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 154. 1817.

Scirpus acicularis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753. <

Type LocaLity: Europe.

Rance: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 662; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 225; Wil-
son Creek, Lake & Hull 388; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper 1938,
August, 1893; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 331.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5a. Eleocharis acicularis bella Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 35. 1901.

TyPE Locaity: Pullman, Washington.

Rance: Washington. ;

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 226; Cascade Mountains,
Tweedy 42; Spokane, Piper 2642; Pullman, Piper 3055; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

6. Eleocharis rostellata Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2: 347. 1843.
Scirpus rostellatus Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 318. 1836.
TYPE LocaLity: Penn Yan, New York.
Rance: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2237; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2820,
2537.

NT a Oe ey) ©

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 161

RHYNCHOSPORA.

1. Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl, Enum. 2: 236. 1806.

Schoenus albus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1753.

Type LocaLity: Europe.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1014; Seattle, Piper 1121; Gran-
ville, Conard 374.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

CAREX. SEpDGE.

1. Carex ablata Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 82. 1888.

Carex frigida of Ametican authors.

Type Locauity: None cited.

Rance: British Columbia to Utah and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2244; Flett 823; Clallam County,
Elmer 2703; Mount Rainier, Allen 270; Piper 2546; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1136, 1127;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 25, 26; Henderson, August 8, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Lei-
berg 707; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

2. Carex accedens Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 16: 457. 1903.

Carex spreta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 6. 1889, not C. spreta Steud.

Carex stylosa virens Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 79. 1886, not Carex virens Lam. 1789.

Type Loca.ity: Sauvies Island, Oregon. Collected by Howell.

RANGE: Oregon and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2550; Mount Adams, Howell, August, 1882;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic.

8. Carex acutina tenuior Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 53. 1889.
Type LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 1489 (fide Bailey).

4. Carex amplifolia Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 228. t. 226. 1839.

Type Locatity: ‘“ Marshy places, Columbia River.” Collected by Douglas.

Range: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Seattle, Piper 995; upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 174; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 50; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, July, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 422;
Tampico, Henderson, July, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 42; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 26; Klickitat River, scan 1443.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transien.

5. Carex aperta Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218. ¢. 219. 1839.

Carex turgidula Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 271. 1898.

Type Locauity: ‘Columbia River.’”’ Collected by Douglas and Scouler.

Range: Oregon, Washington, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Scouler; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 22,
64, 65, 66; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; McAllister Lake, Henderson 1788; Palouse,
Henderson 2088; Meyers Falls, Kreager 588; Kalispel Valley, Spillman, July 1, 1901.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This species has been cansidered the same as C. prolixa Fries of Europe, C. acuta prolixa
Hornem.

29418—06 m——11

162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

6. Carex aquatilis Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Hand]. II. 24: 165. 1803.
Type Locaity: “Hab. intra ripas fluviorum per Lapponiam.”
Rance: Washington to New England, south to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: lone, Kreager 426.

7. Carex arcta Boott, Ill. 155. ¢. 497. 1867.
Carex canescens oregana Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 75. 1889.
Type Locaity: “In America boreali, Canada, Lake Superior, Rainy Lake, Lake of

* the Woods.”

Rance: British Columbia to Quebec, south to Oregon and Vermont.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 997; Henderson 2074; Mount Rainier, Allen 271;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2063, 11; Tacoma, Flett 13; Chambers Lake, Henderson, August
23, 1892; Palouse, Henderson 2060; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 902; Usk, Kreager, August
11, 1902; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clealum, Cotton 845; Toppenish, Henderson,
May 28, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

8. Carex aristata R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 751. 1823.
Type Loca.ity: British America.
Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Oregon, Utah, and New York.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 310; Spangle, Suksdorf 2600;
Phileo Lake, Suksdorf 2599.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

9. Carex athrostachya Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 393. 1868.

Type LocaLity: Yosemite Valley, California.

RanGeE: Washington to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 9; Ellensburg, Piper, July, 1897;
Whited 557; North Yakima, Henderson 2066; Easton, Henderson in 1892; Lake Chelan,
Lake & Hull 416; Spokane, Henderson in 1892; Marshall Junction, Piper 2278; Palouse
City, Henderson, July, 1892; Union Flat, Henderson in 1892; Pullman, Elmer 873; Piper,
August, 1893; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1215.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

10. Carex atrata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 976. 1753.

Type Locatity: ‘In Alpibus Europae.”’

Rance: Arctic regions south to Oregon and Colorado. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen, August 14, 1895; Mount Adams, Fett
1402.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

10a. Carex atrata nigra (All.) Gaudin, Agrost. Helvet. 115. 1811.
Carex nigra All. Fl. Pedem. 2: 267. 1775.
Type Locatity: “In summis alpibus Pedemontii et Sabaudiae.”
Rance: Washington to Colorado. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1124, 1125.

11. Carex aurea Nutt. Gen. 2: 205. 1818.

TyPE Locatity: Shores of Lake Michigan.

Rance: Subarctic regions southward to California, Colorado, and the Great Lakes.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2712; Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890;
Coupeville, Gardner 303, Klickitat River, Flett 1363; Falcon Valley, Suksdo-f 35; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 709; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 277; Lake Omack, Griffiths &
Cotton 400; Mount Stuart, HJmer 1141; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Union Flat, Hull,

July, 1892; Pullman, Piper, May, 1892; Meyers Falls, Kreager 591; Klickitat River,
Cotton 1452.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

= =)

a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 163
lla. Carex aurea celsa Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 75. 1889.
Type Loca.ity: “San Bernardino Mts., California.”
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Piper 6440.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

12. Carex bebbii (Bailey) Olney; Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 478. 1902. .

Carex tribuloides bebbii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 55. 1889.

Type Loca.ity: None given.

Rance: British Columbia and Washington to Newfoundland and New York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clarks Springs, Kreager 84; Silver Lake, Henderson 2072; Loon
Lake, Beattie & Chapman 2186.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

18. Carex bolanderi Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 393. 1868.

Carex deweyana bolanderi W. Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 236. 1876.

Type Loca.ity: “California, Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Big-tree grove.”

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2716, 2715; Seattle, Piper 1001; Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1142; along Salmon River, Horner 485; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 198, 246;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Lake & Hull 372; without locality, Brandegee 1138.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

The specimen referred to C’. bromoides Schk. in Cooper’s report is undoubtedly C. bolanderi.

14. Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. Suppl. 3: 286. 1813.

Carex curta brunnescens Pers. Syn. 2: 539. 1807.

Carex canescens alpicola Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 232. 1812.

Carex canescens vulgaris Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 86. 1888.

Type Looauity: “Hab. in Monte Touly.”’

Rance: Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Washington, Michigan, and in the
mountains to North Carolina. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goose Lake, Skamania County, Flett 1379; Mount Rainier, Piper
2549; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4277.

Zona, DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

15. Carex canescens L. Sp. Pl. 2: 974. 1753.

Type Looa.ity: Europe.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Utah, ‘and Vermont.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1106; Nisqually Valley, Allen 163; Mount Adams,
Henderson 2068.

15a. Carex canescens subloliacea Laestad. Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Ups. 11: 282. 1839.
Tyre Locauity: Lapland.
Range: Subarctic America, south to Washington, Michigan, and New York.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1106.

16. Carex chalciolepis Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 16: 28. 1903.
Type LocaALity: Pagosa Peak, Colorado.
Range: Washington to Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4364, 2896; Henderson 2100.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

17. Carex circinata ©. A’ Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 209. t. 6. 1831.
Type Locauity: Unalaska.
Range: Alaska to Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2721,
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

18. Carex comosa Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 117. 1846.

Carex pseudo-cyperus americanus Hochst.; Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 54. 1889.

Type Locauity: “In Georgia et Carolina.”

Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, south to California and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1018; Seattle, Piper 992; Waitsburg,
Horner, July, 1898; near Touchet River, Horner 586.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

19. Carex cryptocarpa C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 226. ¢. 14. 1831.

Carex scouleri Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 399. 1836.

Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Unalaschka et Kamtschatca.”

RanGE: Alaska to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 990; Smith 1005; Tacoma, Flett 134; Ilwaco, Hen-
derson, September, 1892; without locality, Cooper in 1854; Ilwaco, Piper 6446; Clallam
County, Elmer 2719.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid transition.

The Tolmie specimen from Hood Canal referred by Boott @ to C. salina Wahl. is with
little doubt the above species.

20. Carex deflexa Hornem. Plantel. ed. 3. 1: 938. 1821.
Type Loca.ity: Not ascertained.
Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to Oregon, Michigan, and New England.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2552; Wenache region, Brandegee 1145.

21. Carex deweyana Schwein. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 65. 1824.

Type Loca.ity: “New Eng.”

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Mexico, Michigan, and Penn-
sylvania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 31; Peshastin, Sandberg &
Leiberg 508.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

22. Carex dives Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 18: 19. 1904.

Type Loca.ity: Chilliwack Valley, British Columbia.

RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition 308; Trout Lake, Suksdorf 43, 44;
Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 41.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

These specimens have been supposed to represent C’. barbarae Dewey, and may prove to
belong there. Suksdorf’s No. 41 was labelled C. aguatilis Wahl., and is perhaps the basis for
the inclusion of that name in his list of Washington plants.

23. Carex douglasii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 213. t. 214. 1839.

Type Loca.ity: “N. W. coast.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Griffiths & Cotton 135; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
572; North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 65; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 257 ; Cow Creek, Grif-
fiths & Cotton 505; Ellensburg, Piper 2744; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893;
Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 79; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 188; Spokane County,
Suksdorf 80; Pullman, Piper, June, 1899.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

24a. Carex festiva horneri nom. nov.

Carex festiva stricta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 51. 1889, not @. stricta Lam. 1789.
Type Loca.ity: California.

eek: Fl. Boe: rat 2: 219, 1839,

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 165

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2702; Mount Rainier, Piper 2532;
Simcoe Mountains, Suksdorf 60; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 14; Stevens Pass, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 773;- Convonully, Griffiths & Cotton 298: Blue Mountains, Horner, June 17,
1896, 479; Piper 2272.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic.

24b. Carex festiva pachystachya (Cham.) Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 51. 1889.

Carex pachystachya Cham.; Steud. Pl. Glum. 2: 197. 1855.

Type Locaity: “In Unalaschka.”’

Rance: Alaska to Montana and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2709; ; Montesano, Heller 3954; Seattle,
Piper, June 9, 1884; Henderson 2107; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 6, 1892; Nisqually
Valley, Allen, 164; Stevens Pass, Senders & Leiberg 756; Skamania County, Flett 1373:
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 700; Lake Omach, Griffiths & Cotton 402; Wenache, Whited,
June 28, 1896, 1081; Wenas, Henderson, June 18, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 815; Stehekin,
Griffiths & Cotton 245;Salmon River, Horner 483; Waitsburg, Horner 199; Pullman, Piper
1934; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 371.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

25. Carex festucacea brevior (Dew.) Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 32: 477. 1902.
- Carex straminea brevior Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. 11: 158. 1826.

Type Loca.ity: “Grows with the other [i. e. C. straminea] also in Missouri.”

Rance: British Columbia and Washington to New England and Arkansas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 13, 74, 613; Spokane, Henderson,
July 10, 1892; Toppenish, Henderson 2070; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

26. Carex feta Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 417. 1893.
Carex straminea mixta Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 151. 1886, not C. mixta Miégev. 1865.
Type Loca.ity: California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Piper 6477; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 3103; “Husum,

- Suksdorf 3102.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

The Columbia River specimens referred to C. lagopodioides Schk. in Hooker’s Flora @
probably belong to C. feta. Suksdorf’s record of C. adusta Boott is, to judge from a speci-
men so labeled, likewise C. feta.

27. Carex filifolia Nutt. Gen: 2: 204. 1818.

Type Locauity: “Dry plains and gravelly hills of the Missouri.”

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 329; Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton
249; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Rock Creek,
Piper 2790; Sandberg & Leiberg 81; Pullman, Piper 1764; Elmer 837.

ZONAL bDistRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

28. Carex filiformis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 916. 1753.

TyPE Loca.ity: European.

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Washington and New Jersey.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1108; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 207; Ellensburg,
Piper 2748. -

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

@ Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 214, 1839.

166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

29. Carex flava recterostrata Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13 : 84. 1888.

Type Locauity: Vancouver Island. Collected by Macoun.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2704; Mount Constitution, Henderson
2090; Lake Padden, Suksdorf 1017; Loomis, Elmer 560; Bridge Creek, Elmer 560; Qui-
nault, Conard 248; Padden Lake, Suksdorf 1017.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

80. Carex furva (Bailey).

Carex pratensis furva Bailey; Macoun Cat. Can. Pl. 2 :377. 1890.

Carex pratericola furva Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. ed. 2. 3. 1900.

Type Locauity: “In damp meadows at Cedar Hill, Goldstream, and throughout north-
ern Vancouver Msland.”’

Rance: British Columbia and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 296.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

31. Carex fusca All. Fl. Ped. 2 : 269. 1785.
Carex burbaumii Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. II. 24: 163. 1803.
Type Locauity: “Frequens in alpibus, quae monte Vesulo et Cenisio intercipiuntur.”’
Range: Alaska to Laborador, south to California and Georgia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 7'weedy 4; Lake Keechelus, Henderson 2079.

32. Carex gayana Desv. in Gay, FI. Chil. 6 : 205. 1858.
Type Locauity: Chile.
Rance: Washington to Colorado and California and southward.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2; also May 19 and July, 1884.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

33. Carex geyeri Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 118. 1846.

Type Locauitry: “In declivitatibus aridis Montium Saxosorum, Americae Septentrio-
nalis.”’ Collected by Geyer (No. 332).

Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountains, Allen 169; near Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897;
Upper Atanum River, Henderson 2076; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 828; Kamiak
Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; without locality, Geyer 332.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

34. Carex gymnoclada Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 14: 424. 1902.

Type Locauiry: “Eastern Oregon, bogs of Hurricane Creek, 6,000 ft. alt.’’ Collected
by Cusick. :

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 2097; Big Klickitat River, Henderson,
August 4, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer 2708.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

35. Carex hendersoni Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 115. 1886.
Type Locatiry: Portland, Oregon. Collected by Henderson.
RanGeE: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 999; Chenowith, Suksdorf 2982; Lower Cascades,
Suksdorf 1904.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

36. Carex hoodii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 211. t#. 211. 1839.

Type Locauity: “Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas and by Scouler.
Rance: Oregon to Montana and British Columbia.

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PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 167

_ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 71; Easton, Henderson 2103;
Spokane, Henderson 2109; Bingen, Suksdorf 4434; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clark
Springs, Beattie & Chapman 2044; Coupeville, Gardner 309, 310.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. |

36a. Carex hoodii neurocarpa nom. nov.
Carex hoodit nervosa Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 14. 1889, not C. nervosa Desf. 1800.
Type Locauitry: “California.”’
Ranee: California to Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None; reported by Bailey from Seattle, Howell.

37. Carex hookerana Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 29: 248. 1836.
Carex muricata gracilis Boott, Ill. 193. 1858.
Type Locauity: “Found at Carlton House by Dr. Richardson.”
Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, Utah, and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 2821.

38. Carex hystricina Willd.; Schkuhr, Riedgr. 2: 69. 1801.
Type Locatity: “Habitat in humidis Pensylvaniae.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, souch to Oregon, Nebraska, and Georgia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Head of Priest Rapids ai “The Junipers,” Cotton 1379, July 16,
1903.

39. Carex illota Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 15. 1889.

Carex bonplandii minor Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila.1868: 77. 1863.

TypPe Locauity: Colorado.

Rance: Washington to Colorado and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 824; Elmer 2705; Piper 996; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 3,4; Bridge Creek, Elmer 2706; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4251, 4252; Hell
Roaring River, Cotton 1503.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

40. Carex interrupta Boeck]. Linnaea 40: 432. 1876.

Carex angustata verticillata Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218. 1839.

Carex verticillata Boott, Ill. 67. t. 183. 1858, not C. verticillata Zoll. & Moritzski. 1846.

Type Locatiry: Columbia River.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 9; Mount Adams, Henderson,
August 5, 1892; Quinault, Conard 165; Tumwater, Bowles. August 2, 1892; without
locality, Vasey a 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

41. Carex irrasa Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 271. 1898.
Carex douglasii laxiflora Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 2: 20. 1889, not C. laxiflora Lam.
Tyre vocauitry: ‘ Near Utica, Montana.”
Rance: Washington to Montana.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

42. Carex jonesii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 16. 1889.

Type Looatity: “Soda Springs, Nevada Co., Cal., 7,000 feet.’”’ Collected by M. E.
Jones.

Rance: California to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 7'weedy 27; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Lei-
berg 773.

168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

43. Carex kelloggii W. Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 240. 1880.

Carex acuta pallida Boott, Ill. 166. 1867, not C. pallida Meyer.

Carex vulgaris lipocarpha Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 17: 308. 1904.

Carex rigida strictiformis Bailey, err. det. Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 38.

Type Locauity: California, “In the Sierra Nevada at Alta.”

Rance: Alaska to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2245, 985; Seattle, Piper 989; Clallam
County, Elmer 2707; Mount Rainier, Piper 2548; Allen 267; Lake Keechelus, Henderson
2080; Nisqually Valley, Allen 167; Wenache River, Whited, August 25, 1901; North

Yakima, Henderson 2083; Clealum Lake, Cotton 863; Klickitat River, Flett 1415; Cascade —

Mountains, Tweedy 3; Davis Lake, Kreager 439; Spokane, Piper 2851; Pullman, Elmer 881;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 19; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 18.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition mainly.

This is the commonest representative of C. vulgaris Fries on the Pacific coast, and it has
been mistaken for C. vulgaris juncella Fries. Our plant has commonly been called C. decidua
Boott, a species from Terra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands, but that has conspicuously
stipitate perigynia. Specimens from the mouth of the Columbia, Oregon, collected by
Hinds and by Henderson have stipitate perigynia and represent either true C. decidua or a
very closely allied species.

44. Carex laeviculmis Meinsch. Bot. Centralb. 55. 1893.

Carex deweyana sparsiflora Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 87. 1888, not Carex sparsiflora Fries.

Type Locatity: ‘“ Kamtschatka, Insel Sitcha.”’

Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner 414; upper Nisqually Valley, Piper
2534; Allen 162; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 6, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg &
Leiberg 708; Piper 2318; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson 2067 ; Bridge Creek, Elmer 685; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 248; Touchet River, Horner 486.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

45. Carex lanuginosa Michx. Fl. 2: 175. 1803.

Carex filiformis latifolia Boeck]. Linnaea 41: 309. 1877.

Type Loca.ity: “Ad Jacus Mistassins,’’ Canada.

- RANGE: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California, New Mexico, and Eee:
vania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; west Klickitat County;
Suksdorf 51; Satus, Elmer 1068; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 322, Coulee
City, Henderson, July, 1892; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 274; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton,
261; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 498; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 444, 468; Wenas,
Griffiths & Cotton 83; Pullman, Piper 3510; Vancouver, eis 6441.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Branston:

46. Carex lenticularis Michx. Fl. 2: 172. 1803.

TYPE Locauity: ‘‘Per tractus montium, a sinu Hudsonis ad Canadam, praesertim ad
lacum Cycnorum dictum.”

Rance: Washington to Labrador and Maine.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; Larm River, Suksdorf 40.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

47. Carex leporina L. Sp. Pl. 2: 973. 1753.

TYPE Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europae pratis udis.”

Rance: Washington and British Columbia; Nova Scotia, New England, gna New York.
Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1003; East Sound, Henderson 2074.

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 169

48. Carex leptalea Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. IT. 24: 139. 1803.

Carex polytrichoides Willd. in Wahl. loc. cit. as synonym.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Habitat in Pennsylvania.”

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2714; Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1016; Seattle,
Piper in 1888; Stampede Pass, Henderson 2057; Vancouver, Piper 6442.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

_49. Carex liddoni Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 214. #. 215. 1839.

Type Loca.ity: “Columbia River.” Collected by Scouler.

Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Scouler ; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 169;
Loomis, Elmer 577; Spokane County, Suksdorf 61; Spangle, Piper 3544.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

50. Carex limosa L. Sp. Pl. 2: 977. 1753.

Type Loca.ity: Europe.

Rance: Washington to Labrador, south to New Jersey.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1109; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 295; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ?

51. Carex luzulaefolia W. Boott in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 250. 1876.

Type Locaity: “In the Sierra Nevada, at high altitudes, from above Yosemite Valley
to Ebbett’s Pass and northward,” California. .

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 26.

This specimen is perhaps only a broad-leaved form of C. ablata Bailey.

52. Carex macrocephala Willd.; Spreng. Syst. 3: 808. 1826.

Type Locauity: ‘“Sibir.?”’ Collected by Pallas.

Rance: Seashores, Cook Inlet, Alaska, to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2710; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Whidby
Island, Gardner 314; Port Angeles, Piper 2306; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

53. Carex macrochaeta C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 224. t. 13. 1831.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Habitat in Unalaschka.” ,

Range: Alaska to Oregon.

This species is reported from Fort Vancouver by Hooker Fl. 2:219. We have seen no
Washington specimens, but the plant is known to occur near Multnomah Falls on the south
bank of the Columbia River, and in Chilliwacke Valley just north of the forty-ninth parallel.

54. Carex magnifica Dewey, ined.

Carex sitchensis Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 220. t. 221. 1839, not Prescott.

Rance: British Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3860; Ashford, Allen, August 15, 1898; Seattle,
Piper 1107, 990; Cascades of Columbia, Suksdorf 20; Mouth of Columbia, Scouler; Lake -
Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 636; Clallam County, Elmer 2716; Vancouver, Piper 6443;

_ Iwaco, Piper 6447.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

55. Carex marcida Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 212. 1839.

Type Locatity: ‘Columbia River.” Collected by Scouler.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Steinweg; Henderson 2065; Toppenish, Hen-
derson 2059; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 62; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 316; Silver Lake, Hen-

170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

derson 2029; Coulee City, Henderson 2062; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 363; Crab Creek,

Suksdorf 58; Junction Crab and Wilson Creek, Sandberg 321; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 81;

Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 447; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 347; Lake Omack, Griffiths &
Cotton 408; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 537; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 278; Condons
Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 419; Toppenish, Cotton 1163, 1164, 1169; St. Johns, Piper 2744;
Ellensburg, W hited 310.

, ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

56. Carex mertensii Prescott in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 168. 1832.

Type Locaity: Sitka.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2711; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2246;
Mason County, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 166; Snoqualmie,
Smith 988; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 401; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Whited, August 27, 1901; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
33; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1174; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 513; Stehekin, Griffiths &
Cotton 200; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 674; without locality, Vasey in 1899; Horse-
shoe Basin, Elmer 739.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

57. Carex mirata Dew. Wood’s Botany 428. 1865.

Carex exsiccata Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 6. 1889. -

Carex exsiccata globosa Bailey, |. c. :

Carex vesicaria major Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 221. 1839, not C. teretiuscula
major Koch, Syn. 751. 1837.;

Tyre Loca.ity: “In Greece, eleven miles west of Rochester and six south of Lake
Ontario,’’ New York.

Rance: Washington to California; Ontario; New York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 993; upper Nisqually Valley. Allen 161; Clallam
County, Elmer 2720.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

58. Carex monile pacifica Bailey, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 3: 105. 1890.

Carex vesicaria L. err. det. W. Boott in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 252. 1876.

Type LocaLity: Donner Lake, California.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, lett 1413; Union Flat, Piper 3044; Henderson
2095; Pullman, Piper 2659, 3509; Hull 382; Blue Mountains, Lake, & Hull, July 1, 1892;
Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, mainly.

59. Carex multimoda Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 21: 5. 1896.

Carex festiva gracilis Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1873, nom. nud.

Type LocALity: Oregon. Collected by Hall.

Rance: Washington to Califomia

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2249; Seattle, Piper 1110, 1111;
Mount Rainier, Allen 193a; Piper 2536, 2544; East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Bllens-
burg, Elmer 403: Ficeseshon Basin, Elmer 742,741,738; Lake & Hull 414; Lake Chelan,
Lake & Hull 403, 371, 404; Clallam County, Elmer 2700, 2701; Vancouver, Piper 6476;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2273; Horner 481; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1513.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic.

60. Carex nardina Fries, Nov. Mant. 2: 55. 1842.
Type Locauity: “In Junkersdalen Lapponiae Lilensis.”
Rance: Alaska to Greenland south to Washington and Montana. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 173; Piper 2542; Mount Stuart, Elmer

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. barat

1128; Mount Adams, Flett 1403; Henderson, August 10, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Whited

844.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

61. Carex nebrascensis Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 18: 102. 1854.

Carex nebrascensis praevia Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 49. 1889.

Carex jamesii Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 398. 1836, not Schwein, 1824.

Type Loca.ity: None given, but presumably collected in Nebraska by Hayden.

Rance: Washington to Nebraska and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 21; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892;
Union Flat, Piper 3040; Henderson 2101; Pullman, Lake & Hull 397; Cow Creek, Griffiths
& Cotton, 521.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

61a. Carex nebrascensis ultriformis Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 21: 8. 1896.

Type Locauity: Ritzville, Washington. Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg.

Range: Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Howell 104; Ritzville Sandberg & Leiberg 194;
Union Flat, Piper 3041.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

62. Carex nervina Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 203. pl. 3. 1885.
TYPE LocaLity: Summit Camp, California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892.

63. Carex nigricans C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 211. 1831.

Tyre Locaity: “ Habitat in Unalaschka.”’

Rance: Alaska to California and Utah. Kamtschatca.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2539, 2551; Smith; Allen 268; Mount
Stuart, Hlmer 1130; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Howell 101, 102: Suks-
dorf, August 8, 1882; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 6; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 411;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 737; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 767.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. ;

64. Carex nudata W. Boott in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 241. 1876.
Type Loca.ity: “In the Coast Ranges, from San Francisco Bay to Ukiah.’
Rance: California to Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, August, 1882, probably collected by Brandegee.

64a. Carex nudata versuta nom. noy.
Carex aperta angustifolia Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218. 1839, nom. nud.
Carex nudata angustifolia Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 16. 1889.
Type Loca.ity: “Fort Good Hope, Mackenzies River.’’ Collected by Richardson.
Rance: Oregon, Washington, and northward.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall.

65. Carex occidentalis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 14. 1889.
Carex muricata americana Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 140. 1886.

. Type Locauity: “Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.” Collected by Pringle.
Rance: Washington and Montana to Arizona.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1297.

66. Carex oregonensis Olney; Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 73. 1886.
Carex halliana Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 9: 117. 1884, not C. hallii Olney. 1871.
Carex oregonensis Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1872, nom. nud.

TYPE LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Ranae: Oregon and Washington.

172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 68, 52; Howell 97; Skamania County,
Flett 1380; Yakima County, Henderson, August 12, 1882.

67. Carex pachystom2 Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 20: 302. 1905.

Type tocauity: Crater Lake National Park and Klamath County, Oregon; Mount
Adams and west Klickitat County, Washington.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4248, 2959.

68. Carex paddoensis Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitschrift 12: 43. 1906.
Type LocaLiry: Mount Paddo (Adams).
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 172; Piper 2541; Mount Adams, Howell 92.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.
This species is related to C. breweri and C. engelmanni, to both of which species it has
erroneously been referred.

69. Carex pansa Bailey Bot. Gaz. 13: 82. 1888.

Type Locauity: “Very abundant in drifting sand as well as borders of sea estuaries,
Clatsop, Oregon, and Ilwaco, Washington Territory.” Collected by Henderson.

“RanGeE: Sea coast of Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson in 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 6437.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

70. Carex paucifiora Lightf. Fl. Scot. 2: 543. t. 6. 1777.

Type Loca.ity: “In the isle of Arran,’’ Scotland.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington and Pennsylvania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Henderson 2056; Weiser Lake, Suksdorf
1015.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

71. Carex phaeocephala nom. nov.

. Carex leporina americana Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1872, nom. nud.; 22: 152. 1886.
not C’. muricata americana Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 140. 1886.

“Tyre LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Hall.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olymp‘c Mountains, Piper 2553; Mount Rainier, Piper 2535;

Allen, August 14, 1895; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 8, 9, 10, 592; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1133;
Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 10.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

This species has been considered to be the same as C. preslii Steud., based on the C. lepo-
rina L. of Presl in Reliquiae Haenkeanae. . The type of C. preslii came from the shores of
Nootka Sound, and there is scarcely a possibility that the high alpine C.leporina americana
can be the same. It is much more likely that C. preslii is a form of C. festiva. C. petasata
Dewey, the type of which is in the Gray Herbarium, is a very different species from C.
phaeocephala.

72. Carex polymorpha Muhl. Gram. Deser. 239. 1817.
TYPE Locaity: “Habitat in Pennsylvania.”
Rance: Washington; Massachusetts to North Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2895.

73. Carex prionophylla Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 15: 423. 1902.
TyPE LocaLity: “ Divide between St. Joe and Clearwater rivers,” Idaho.
Rance: Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Kreager 264.

4

74. Carex pulchella Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 16: 457. 1903.
Carex hallii Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 82. 1886, not C. Lailii Olney. 1871.
Type Locauity: Oregon. Collected by Hail.

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PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Tis

Rance: Washington to California. ©
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: KlIickitat Meadows, Flett 1357, 1365; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 816, 1284.

75. Carex pyrenaica Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 24: 139. 1803.

Type Loca.ity: “Hab. in Pyrenaeis.”’

Rance: Alaska to Colorado and California. Asia. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 825; Elmer 2722; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2540; Allen 171; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 28.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

76. Carex raynoldsii Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 32: 39. 1861.

Carex lyallii Boott, Ill. 150. pl. 483. 1858.

Type Loca.ity: ‘“Pierre’s Hole, Snake River Valley, alt. 6,000 ft.’ Collected by
Hayden. x

Rance: Wyoming to Montana, westward to California and British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Chapaca, Elmer 580; Mount Adams, Henderson, August,
1892; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1143; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall (type of C.
lyallit); Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1240.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

77. Carex retrorsa Schwein. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 71. 1824.
Type LocaLity: Massachusetts.
Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to Washington and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 592; Loomis, Elmer 616; Waits-
burg, Horner 29; Clarks Springs, Kreager 566; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1379.
ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

78. Carex richardsoni R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 751. 1823.

Tyre Locatity: British America “In the wooded country from latitude 54° to 64°
north.”

Rance: Saskatchewan to New York, South Dakota, and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Waitsburg, Horner 208.

79. Carex rigida hesperia nom. nov.

Carex vulgaris bracteosa Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 81. 1886, not C. bracteosa Schwein.
1824.

Type Locauity: “Ebbett’s Pass, California, alt. 8,000 feet.’’ Collected by Brewer.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, T'weedy 19, 24; mountains north of Ellens-
burg, Brandegee 1142; Mount Rainier, Allen 269; Piper 2533 in part; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 16, 17, 36.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

80. Carex rossii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 222. 1839.

Carex deflexa rossii Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 207. 1885.

Carex defleca media Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 43. 1889.

Type Locauity: “N. W. Coast, Douglas; Rocky Mountains, Drummond.”

Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2718; Coupeville, Gardner 343; Mount
Rainier, Allen 168; Mount Adams, Henderson 2094; Suksdorf 24; Klickitat River, Suks-
dorf 48; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 30; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3094; Blue
Mountains, Horner 480; Mount Rainier, Piper 2543, 2552, 2537; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 77; Olympia, Henderson.2093; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1145.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic to Transition.

It is exceedingly probable that all the Oregon and Washington specimens that have been
referred to C. varia Muhl. and C. novae-angliae Schwein. are in reality forms of (. rossvi,

174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

80. Carex rostrata Stokes; With. Bot. Arr. Brit. Veg. ed. 2. 1059. 1787.
Carer ampullacea Goodenough, Trans. Linn, Soc. 2: 207. 1794.
Type Locauity: ‘Bogs of Isla, and on Bentelkerny in Breadalbane,”’ Great Britain.
Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland south to New York, Utah, and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1278.

81. Carex scirpoidea Michx. Fl. 2: 171. 1803.

Carex pseudoscirpoidea Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 78. 1900.

Type Locauity: ‘‘ Ad sinum Hudsonis.”’

Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to New England and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2243; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1126;
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 408; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 684.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

The western form is somewhat larger and broader-leaved as a rule, a difference we con-
sider too slight to warrant separating it as a distinct species as has been done by Rydberg.

82. Carex scoparia Schkuhr; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 230. 1805.
Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in America boreali.’’
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia south to Colorado and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Henderson, June 12, 1892.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

83. Carex scopulorum Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 14: 422. 1902.

Type cvocauity: ‘In the region of Clear Creek Cafion”’ Colorado.

Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2247; Flett 826; Mount Rainier,
Allen 170; Piper 2533 in part; Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Horse-
shoe Basin, Elmer 729; Lake & Hull 407; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4246, 4247.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian.

84. Carex siccata Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 10: 278. 1826.
Tyre LocALity: Westfield, Massachusetts.
Rance: Alaska to Ontario, south to Oregon and New York.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Baldy, Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1757.

85. Carex sitchensis Prescott in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 169. 1832.
Carex howellii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 1: 45. 1889.
Type Locauity: Sitka.
Rance: Alaska to Oregon along the coast.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Henderson 1783; Mount Constitution, Hen-
derson 2086.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

86. Carex specifica Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 21. 1889.
Type Locaity: “California, Silver Valley, head of Toulumne River, and Ebbett’s Pass.”
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 3099.

87. Carex spectabilis Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. 29: 248. pl. 10. f. 76. 1836.

Carex invisa Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 82. 1887.

Type Locaxity: “Found in the Arctic Regions.”

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 194a, 195a; Piper 2545, 2538; Smith,
August, 1890; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 39,76; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 402, 407; Fort
Vancouver; Olympic Mountains, Flett 826.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

Our species has erroneously been referred to C. podocarpa R. Br., a quite different plant.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 175

88. Carex stellulata Good. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 144. 1794.
Type Locauity: England.
Range: Alaska to Labrador south to California and Maryland. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 761; Lake Keechelus,
Henderson in 1892; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July, 1892.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

88a. Carex stellulata excelsior (Bailey).
Carex sterilis excelsior Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 424. 1893.
Carex echinata excelsior Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 484. 1902.
Type Locatity: None given.
Rance: British Columbia and Oregon to Newfoundland and North Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1111; Vancouver, Piper 6444.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

88b. Carex stellulata ormantha (Fernald).
Carex echinata ormantha Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 483. 1902.
Type Locatity: Strawberry Creek, Eldorado County, California.
Rance: Washington to California. Connecticut.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892.

89. Carex stipata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 233. 1805.

Type LocaLity: Pennsylvania.

Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Clallam County, Elmer
2705; Seattle, Piper 998; North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 62; Ellensburg, Whited 511; Pes-
hastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 589; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 29; Cascade Mountains,
Tweedy 17; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 377; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Vancouver,
Piper 6438.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

90. Carex straminiformis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 24. 1889.

Carex straminea congesta Boott; Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 393. 1868, not Carex congesta
Meyer. 1858.
_ Type Locariry: Mount Shasta, California. Collected by Brewer.

RanaeE: California, Oregon, and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Howell, August, 1882; Henderson, August 7,
1882; Suksdorf. .

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic?

91. Carex tenella Schkuhr, Riedgr. 23. f. 104. 1801.
Tyre LocaLity: Unknown.
Rance: New Jersey to California and northward.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf 73.

* 92. Carex teretiuscula ampla Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 53. 1889.

TYPE Locaity: “‘Quaking bogs, head of Burnt River, E. Oregon.” Collected by
Cusick.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1002; Tacoma, Flett 210; Nisqually Valley, Allen
165; Coupeville, Gardner 308; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Marshall
Junction, Piper 2282; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Vancouver, Piper 6445.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

93. Carex umbellata brachyrhina nom. nov.
Carex umbellata brevirostris Boott, Ill. 2: 99. t. 294. 1860, not C. brevirosiris Cederstr.
1857. :

176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type Locauity: ‘Carlton House.” Collected by Richardson.

Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Maine south to California and New
Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 168; Coupeville, Gardner 343; Hangman
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 30; Olympia, Henderson 2093.

94. Carex usta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 1: 20. 1889.
Carex douglasii brunnea Olney, Bot. King Explor. 363. 1871, not C. brunnea Thunberg.
Type Locatty: California.
Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 408; Kittitas Valley,
Cotton 1216.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

95. Carex utriculata Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 221. 1839.

Type Locauity: British America. Collected by Richardson.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador south to California and Delaware.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 640; Seattle, Piper 994;
Tacoma, Flett 208; Clealum Lake, Cotton 846; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 210; Mission,
Griffiths & Cotton 490; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 332; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 497;
Railroad Creek, Eliner 758; Marshall Junction, Piper 2277; Waitsburg, Horner 202; Mount
Adams, Henderson 2095; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1278.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, mainly.

96. Carex vernacula Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 417. 1893.
Carex foetida “ All.” of American authors.
Tyee Locauity: ‘Colorado and Wyoming.”
Rance: Washington to California and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 812; Henderson.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

97. Carex vespertina (Bailey) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 705. 1903.

Carex pennsylvanica vespertina Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 74. 1889.

Type Locauity: ‘“ Dry hills near the Cascades of the Columbia,” Oregon. Collected by
Howell and by Henderson.

RanGE: Oregon to British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 208; Olympia, Henderson 2077; Chiquash
Mountains, Suksdorf 2990; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 292, 437, 23, 67; Henderson 2078; Klick-
itat River, Flett 1406.

ZONAL bisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

Specimens of this have been referred to C. globosa Boott, a species which seems not to
occur in Washington.

98. Carex vicaria Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 49. 1889.
TyPE Locauity: ‘Oregon and California.”
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Piper 6439.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

99. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Fl]. 2: 169. 1803.

Type Locatity: “In Canada et Nova Anglia.”

Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Florida and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1298; Ophir, Elmer 516; Cusick,
Piper, September, 1903; Usk, Kreager, August 16, 1902.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

Besides the above listed species in this difficult genus a number of others have been
reported from the region, but there is too much uncertainty regarding them to warrant

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 1¢7
their inclusion. Carex incisa Boott “ is based on Geyer’s specimen collected in ‘‘rich
mould; thickets of the fertile plains above Colville.’ The brief description is as follows:
“Differt a C. scabrata Schkuhr perigyniis laevibus, etc., squamis foemineis viscidis, etc.,
F. B.” It has not been identified. Carex rosea Schk., reported in Hooker’s Flora ® as
collected by Scouler on the Columbia River, has not since been found in this region.
Other species reported from the Columbia River in Hooker’s Flora are C. stricta Lam.,
C. angustata Boott, C. lagopodioices Schk. (C. tribuloides Wahl.) and C. straminea Schk.
As none of these have recently been collected, it is quite certain that the specimens will
be found to represent other species.

ARACEAE. Arum Famity. n
LYSICHITON. |

1. Lysichiton camtschatcense (L.) Schott, Prodr. Aroid. 421. 1860. SKUNK CABBAGE,
Symplocarpus kamtschaticus Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 168. 1832.
Dracontium camtschatcense L. Sp. Pl. 2: 968. 1753.

TypE Locatity: ‘‘ Habitat in Sibiria.”’

Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2786; Seatile, Piper, July, 1895; Silverton,
Bouck 174; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 210; Wenache Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 642;
Yakima Pass, Watson 400; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Marshall Junction,
Piper, July, 1896; Davis Ranch, Kreager 295.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

LEMNACEAE. DuckweeEp Famitry.

PER SUOOU WIN LPOG, c.50 ct we cakenn le seneecstvde ty sac s- ce ~sccse = LEMNA,
maniloid shoot with several roots... i. =. 5... 22 o-oo kee eee ees beens SPIRODELA,
LEMNA.

Thalloid shoot nearly circular, 1.5 to 5mm. long... .........------------ 1. L. minor.
Thalloid shoot oblong, stalk-like at base ............-.-----.--.--------- 2. L. trisulca.

1. Lemna minor L. Sp. Pl. 2: 970. 1753.

Type Locatiry: Europe.

Rance: Nearly cosmopolitan.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 429; Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897;
North Yakima, Henderson 2534; Waitsburg, Horner, July, 1896; Meyers Falls, Kreager 515.

2. Lemna trisulca L. Sp. Pl. 2: 970. 1753.
Tyree Loca.iry: Europe.
Rance: Throughout North America. Asia. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 430; near Seattle, 7 "arleton.

SPIRODELA.

1. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Linnaea 13: 392. 1839.
Lemna polyrhiza (L.) Sp. Pl. 2: 970. 1753.
Type Locauity: Europe.
Rance: Nearly cosmopolitan.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 428; Seatile, anes some 1897.

4 Boott; Hook. Journ. Bot. 7: 377. 1869.
b Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 212. 1839.

29418—06 m——12

178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

PONTEDERIACEAE. Ponpweep Famitny.
HETERANTHERA.

1. Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. Met. Minn. 138. 1892.
Commelina duiia Jacq. Obs. Bot. 3: 9. pl. 59. 1768.
Schollera graminifolia Willd. Neue. Schr. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 3: 438. 1801, nom. nud.
Heteranthera graminea Vahl, Enum. 2: 45. 1806.
Leptanthus gramineus Michx. Fl. 1: 25. 1803.
Type Locatity: The type specimen is Clayton’s number 814, probably from Virginia.
Rance: Washington to Ontario, south to Mexico and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hangman or Latah Creek near Marshall Junction, Suksdorf.

JUNCACEAE. Rusu Famity.

Leaf sheaths open; capsule 1 or 3-celled, many-seeded; placentae pari-
tal COA Xl yoy Soe at eae Se ee eS A ae ee Re GN Juncus (p. 178).
Leaf sheaths closed; capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded; placenta basal....... JUNCOIDES (p. 184).

JUNCUS. Rusu.

Lowest leaf of the inflorescence appearing like a continuation of
the stem, the inflorescence therefore seemingly lateral.
Flowers in compound panicles, usually numerous.
Stamens 3; leaf of the inflorescence much shorter than
the stem.

,

Perianth green; panicle loose................---- 1. J. effusus.
Perianth brown; panicle close.............-.---- la. J. effusus hesperius.
Stamens 6. ‘
Perianth green; leaf of the inflorescence as long as
the stents oer oe foe. aa ev cdne cakas ses eee 2. J. filiformis.
Perianth parts brown, a green stripe each side of the
midrib.
Flowers 3 to 4.5 mm. long................... 3. d. balticus.
Mlowers:5 to: 6) mim; (ong. s caonicins aw caes es 4. J. lescurii.
Flowers few, 1 to 3 in each cluster.
Inner sheaths bristle-tipped; capsule retuse..........- - 5. J. subtriflorus.
Inner sheaths leaf-bearing; capsule acute..........--.- 6. J. parryi.

Lowest leaf of the inflorescence not appearing like a continuation
of the stem. :
Leaves not provided with cross-partitions, either flat and
grass-like or terete and channeled.
Flowers bracteolate, loosely scattered or somewhat con-
gested but not in heads.
Annuals; stems branched, leafy.
Stamens 6; flowers loosely scattered.

Capsule Oblone. 9265-32402 -6eees eos ee 7. J. bufonius.
Capeniowlonose 3c el hook awa oes 8. J. sphaerocarpus.
Stamens 3.
Inflorescence 1-flowered; bract 1.......-- 9. J. uncialis.
Inflorescence few-flowered; bracts 2 or
more, style short.......-.-.---.----- 10. J. brachystylus.

Perennials; stems simple.
Perianth segments 2.5 to 4 mm. long; capsule
S-telled.. panicle close2s 1 os.2 csi c+ Sak mac 11. J. confusus.

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 179
=
& Perianth segments 3.5 to 5.5 mm. long; capsule
E 1-celled.
3 Panicle loose; flowers pale green......... 12. J. tenuis.
. Panicle close; flowers fuscous............ 13. J. occidentalis.

Flowers not bracteolate, in true heads.
Auricles of the leaf-sheaths wanting; perianth parts
minutely roughened.

Perianth shorter than the capsule; heads sev-

eral to many, 3 to 5-flowered.....-.....--- 14. J. covillei.
Perianth longer than the capsule.
Seeds not tailed.

Flowers in 1, rarely 2 or 3, large heads. 15. J. falcatus.

Flowers in 3 to 20 small heads... . . - 16. J. orthophyllus.
SOOGH PAlOd eos Soe el saa awa cevae Abe Os Tepet
Auricles of the leaf-sheaths present; perianth parts
PUNE ooo wares Soba er ek ya ener eke 18. J. longistylis.

Leaves provided with distinct cross-partitions.
Blades of the leaves equitant.
Heads pale, numerous; stamens 6; plant tall....... 28. J. orymeris.
Heads brown or black.
Stamens 6; heads solitary; stems not 2-edged.. 29. J. mertensianus.
Stamens 3 (rarely 6); stems 2-edged.
Flowers in 2 to several dense nearly black

7 NGAGE oo ecte oh 5 See ¥ oan ses ou cuenceee law CONST OIUS.
Flowers in many brown heads. - .. .--. -- - 27a. J. ensifolius major.

. Blades of the leaves cylindric or only slightly compressed. -

; IAMNOHA D2. 50c Porshe he nk Hee ESR ES ee AeRE Se 19. J. acuminatus.

7 Stamens 6.

es

Capsules subulate; heads many-flowered.
Leaf blades erect; inner perianth parts
longer than the outer
Leaf blades spreading; outer perianth parts
longer than the inner................. 23. J. torreyi.
Capsules not subulate.
Heads pale, few-flowered; capsules oblong- :
lanceolate.
Perianth segments less than 5 mm.
Wi ee ser aa cue iene ate 20. J. richardsonianus.
Perianth segments over 5 mm. long. . 21. J. oreganus.
Heads brown; capsules oblong, abruptly
acute.
Perianth pale brown; seeds reticu-
lated, the longitudinal striae 20 to
Odusatusk ae Mince phat Sacco edeal + COMMONER:
Perianth dark brown; seeds about 15- _
4 striate.
bid Stout 60 to 100 cm. high; heads
several or many; capsule
shorter than the perianth. - . - - 25. J. suksdorfit.
2 Slender 20 to 40 cm. high; heads
few; capsule as long as_ the
PUNONIH os. oes cee 26. J. badius.

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180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Juncus effusus L. Sp. PI. 1: 326. 1753.
¢ Juncus effusus gracilis Wook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 180. 1838.
Tyre LocaLiry: European. of ae
Rance: Subarctic and temperate North America. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Aincaid, June, 1892; King County, Suksdorf
1010; Seattle, Piper 1029; Everett, Piper. ;
ZONAL vistRiBuTION. Humid Transition. -

la. Juncus effusus hesperius nom nov.
Juncus effusus brunneus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 491. 1868, not J. tenageja ‘

brunneus Neilreich 1859.

Tyre Locauiry: Cerro Leon, Mexico.

Rance: Washington to California near the seacoast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2728; Montesano, Heller 3970; Olympic
Mountains, Grant; Chambers Lake, //enderson, August 23, 1892; Liltewaup, Henderson
1860; without locality, Cooper in 1852; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2157; Everett, Piper. 7

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

.

q
2. Juncus filiformis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 326. 1753.
Tyre Locatiry: European.
Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Colorado and Peaahonc ach,
Asia.
4
SprECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Skamania County, Suksdorf 216; y
:

Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg 602; Rogers Lake, Elmer 717.
This species has been mistaken for J. patens Meyer, and we believe that all Washington
references to the latter really belong to J. filiformis.

3. Juncus balticus Willd. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin. Mag. 3: 298. 1809.

Tyre Locauiry: ‘‘ Bei Warnemiinde,”’ Germany.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Nebraska, and New York. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2730; Whidby Island, Gardner 299;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Lake Osoyoos, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2146,
214, 215; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 404; Seattle, Smith 1021; Longmire Springs,
Piper, August, 1895; Wenache, Whited 1422; Ellensburg, Wiited in 1897; North Yakima,
Henderson 2554; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 385, 393; Pull-
man, Henderson 2553; Piper, August 2, 1899; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clealum
Lake, Cotton 850; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 320. :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. f

4. Juncus lescurii Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 179. 1858-62.

Type Locatiry: Salt marshes of San Francisco Bay, California.

Rance: Vancouver Island to-Chile, on the seashore.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Westport, Henderson 2552; Heller 3945; Thurston County, Hen-
- derson 2550; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 34, 35; Oyhut, a: 412.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

5. Juncus subtriflorus (Meyer) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 208. 1893.

Juncus compressus subtriflorus Meyer, Linnaea 3: 368. 1828.

Juncus drummondii Meyer; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 235. 1853.

Type Locarity: “Hab. in insulis Koriginsk.”

Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 828; Mount Rainiet, Allen 68; Cas-
cade Mountains, Tweedy 31; same, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1139;
Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1011; Nason Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg 675; Bridge Creek, Elmer 652; Blue Mountains, Piper 2274.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 181

6. Juncus parryi Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 446. 1866.

Type Locatity: Colorado. Collected by Parry.

Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam .County, Elmer’ 2733; Olympic Mountains, lett 111,
Henderson 1025; Mount Rainier, Piper 2169; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892;
Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Zyall in 1860; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1041; Chi-
quash Mountains, Suksdorf 1041; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 410; Nason Creek, Sandberg &
Leiberg 665; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 736; Mount Carlton, Kreager 231.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

- 7. Juncus bufonius L. Sp. Pl. 1: 328. 1753.

Type Locatity: Kuropeun.

Rance: Nearly cosmopolitan.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2734; Southbend, Spillman, August 2,
1889; Silver Lake, Henderson, July, 1892; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Harrington,
Ron dhers & Leiberg 218; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Pullman, Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

8. Juncus sphaerocarpus Nees, Flora 1: 521. 1818.

Type LocaLiry: European.

Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cheney, Mrs. Tucker 137; Bingen, Piper 6446; Pullman, Elmer
1044.

9. Juncus uncialis Greene, Pittonia 2: 105. 1890.

Juncus triformis uniflorus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 493. 1868, not J. trifidus
uniflorus Tausch. 1834.

Type Locaity: ‘Low moist places in fields near Suisun, California.”

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 25, 1881.

10. Juncus brachystylus (Engelm.).
Juncus triformis brachystylus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 492. 1868.
Tyre Looauity: “Ukiah, Mendocino county,” California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 19, 1882.

11. Juncus confusus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 127. 1896.
Tyre Locatity: “In an irrigated meadow, North Park, Colorado”
Rance: Washington to Colorado and Montana.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2191; Spangle, Suksdorf 1042.

12. Juncus tenuis Willd. Sp. Pl. 2': 214. 1799.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in America boreali.”’

Rance: Nearly throughout North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4074; Seattle, Piper 1134; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg & Leiberg 389, 388; Wenache, Whited; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock
Lake, Lake & Hull 387; Loomis, Elmer 576; Palouse City, Henderson, July, 1892; Blue
Mountains, Lake & Hull 375; Pullman, Piper 1939; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 187;
Prosser, Cotton 647, 659.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

13. Juncus occidentalis (Coville) Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 521. 1900.

Juncus tenuis occidentalis Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 129. 1896.

Juncus tenuis congestus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, 2: 450. 1866, not J. congestus
Thuill. 1799.

Type Looaurry: “In California (San Francisco, Bolander; Monterey, Brewer) and in
Colorado, Hail.”

182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 295, 300; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull in 1892;
Elmer, August, 1897; Pullman, Piper 3051; Elmer, July 20, 1896; Cow Creek, Griffiths &
Cotton 504.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

14. Juncus covillei nom. nov.

Juncus falcatus paniculatus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 495. 1868, not J, paniculatus
Hoppe, 1823.

Juncus latifolius paniculatus Buch. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 426. 1890.

Type Locauiry: “Sphagnous swamp near Mendocino, California.”

Rance: British Columbia to California, in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2732; Whatcom County, Gardner 410;

Seattle, Piper 1033, 2762; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 219; Vancouver, Piper 4928; Lake ~

Crescent, Lawrence 303.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

15. Juncus faleatus E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 34. 1823.
Juncus menziesii R. Br.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 192. 1838.
Type Locauity: “Mont-Real,” that is, Monterey, California. Collected by Haenke.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson, June 26, 1892. —
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

16. Juncus orthophyllus Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 207. 1893.

Juncus latifolius Buch. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 425. 1890.

Juncus longistylis latifolius Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 496. 1868, not Juncus
latifolius Wulf. 1789.

Type Locauiry: “Californian Sierras on alpine meadows or along rivulets in the Yosemite
Valley, alt. 4000 feet.”’

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Clealum, Henderson,
June, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 386; Pullman, Piper 1765, 3024, 3052.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

17. Juncus regelii Buch. Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 18: 414. 1890.

Type Locatiry: “Im westlichen Nordamerika von Washington anscheinend bis Utah.”
Collected by Suksdorf and by Jones.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 1527; Suksdorf; Flett 1360; Mount
Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 822, 579; Klickitat River, Flett 1367; Yakima County,
Watt, August, 1895, Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 746; Loomis,
Elmer 575; Blue Mountains, Horner 484; Whitraan County, Lake & Hull 374; without

locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 5026, 5027; Snipes Creek, Cotton 669} in part.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian?

18. Juncus longistylis Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 223. 1859.

Type Loca.ity: “Near the Copper Mines, New Mexico.”

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 360; Whitman County, Lake
& Hull 374; along Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 391; Medical Lake, Henderson, July, 1892;
Marshall Junction, Piper 2280.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

19. Juncus acuminatus Michx. Fl. 1: 192. 1803.
Type Loca.iry: “In Carolina inferiore.”
Range: British Columbia to Maine, south to Oregon and Georgia.

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 183

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3969; Seattle, Howell.612; Piper 1135; Thurs-
ton County, Henderson 2556; Ilwaco, Henderson 2161; North Yakima, Henderson 2555;
Atanum Soda Springs, Watt August, 1895; Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1013.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

20. Juncus richardsonianus Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. '7: 201. 1829.

Juncus alpinus insignis Fries; Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 459. 1866.

Type Loca.ity: “in sylvis Americae arcticae.” Collected by Richardson.

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, Nebraska and Pennsyl-
vania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner 417; Suksdorf 1012; Chelan, Elmer
883.

21. Juncus oreganus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 267. 1888.

Juncus paucicapitatus Buch. Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 12: 367. 1880.

Type Loca.ity: ‘In bogs at ilwaco,’”’ Washington. Collected by Henderson.

Rance: Alaska to Washington near the seacoast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ilwaco, Henderson, September, 1892 and 15; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall; Ilwaco, Piper, June, 1904.

ZONAL DISTKIBUTION: Humid Transition.

22. Juncus nodosus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 466. 1762.
Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in America septentrionali.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Nevada, Nebraska, and Virginia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Newport, Piper 4211; Colville, Kreager 519.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

23. Juncus torreyi Coville, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 303. 1895.

Juncus nodosus megacephalus Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 2: 326. 1843.

Juncus megacephalus Wood, Bot. ed. 2. 724. 1861, not Curtis 1835.

Type Locatity: ‘On the shores of Lake Ontario.”

Rance: British Columbia to New York, south to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 312, Cascade Mountains, Tweedy in 1882;
Parker, Dunn, August 11, 1901; Yakima, Leckenby, August, 1897; Loomis, Elmer 613;
Colville, Kreager 519; Toppenish, Cotton 789; Prosser, Cotton 648.

ZONAL pistRiBuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

24. Juncus columbianus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 87. 1901.
Type Locatity: ‘In wet meadows near Pullman, Washington.” Collected by Elmer.
Rance: Washington to Montana and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 389; western Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 462; Marshall Junction, Piper 2281; Spangle, Suksdorf 463; Pullman, Piper 3054,
3537; Elmer 235; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 389 in part; Snipes Creek, Cotton 6694 in
part, 668.
ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

25. Juncus suksdorfii Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 541. 1899.
Type Locauity: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and adjacent Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 217, 680; Spangle, Suksdorf 464; Pull-
man, Piper 1947, 3026, 3042, 3053; Henderson 2547, 2548.
ZONAL pistRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

26. Juncus badius Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901.
Type vocauity: “Im Falkenthal im westl. Teil von Klickitat County,’’ Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2144; Kalispel Lake, Areager 336.
Very close to J. nevadensis Wats. but to be distinguished by its relatively longer capsule.

184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

The Falcon Valley specimen was the basis for the inclusion of Juncus chlorocephalus
Engelm. in Suksdorf’s list.

27. Juncus ensifolius Wiks. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 2: 274. 1823.

Juncus riphioides triandrus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 482. 1868.

Juncus xiphioides macranthus Engelm. loc. cit.

Type Locauity: Not ascertained.

Rance: Alaska southward in the mountains to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, //eller 3968, Seattle, Piper 1038; Skamania County,
Fleit 1388; Bridge Creek, Eln.er 645; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 360; Nason City, Sandberg &
Leiberg 608; Blue Mountains, Piper 2275; Pullman, Piper 1938; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton
193; Cleans Lake, Cotion 848; Cascade Bee latitude 49°, Lyall; Grays Harbor,
Wilkes Expedition 237.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Canadian.

27a. Juncus ensifolius major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 191. 1840.

Juncus xiphioides montanus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 481. 1868.

Juncus sarimontanus A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club. 29: 401. 1902.

Type Locauity: “Sources of the Columbia River, in the Rocky Mountains.”’

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson, October 2, 1892, Wenache, Whited 82, 207;
Ellensburg, Whited 710; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 376; Silver Lake, Henderson, July 13,
1892; North Yakima, Wadi, August, 1895.

28. Juncus oxymeris Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 483. 1868.
Type Locaity: “Sacramento Valley, Cal.” Collected by Hartweg.
RanGE: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 4, 1897; Smith 1032.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

29. Juncus mertensianus Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 167. 1882.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sitka.

Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2735; Olympic Mountains, Fett 827;
Mount Rainier, Piper 1037; Allen 272, 273; Smith, August, 1890, Mount Stuart, Elmer 1131;
Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2042; Flett 1376; Klicki-
tat River, Flett 1417; Wenache Region, Brandegee 676; Stevens Pass, Whiied, August 27,
1901; Tieton River, Cotton 438; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 405; Bridge Creek, Elmer 650;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2276, Kalispel Lake, Kreager 336.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

29a. Juncus mertensianus filifolius Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901.
Type Locauiry: “Skamania County,” Washington.

JUNCOIDES. Woop rusu.

Flowers in clusters of 2 to 3 or solitary in an open panicle.
Leaves 10 to 12 mm. broad; perianth brown, 3 to 3.5 mm. long. ... 1. J. glabratum.
Leaves 6 to 8 or 10 mm. broad; perianth 1.5 to 2.5 long.
Panicle rays drooping; leaves with a few pilose hairs at base.
Flowers and capailes pale green; su thin, shining; seeds

Drona elipsold “v2 --as:-1< cscs tac eeyecasoe aa ascee 2. J. parviflorum.
Flowers and capsules dark brown; leaves thick, dull; seeds
yellow constricted at each end.........-.---2.00--« aaa piperr.
Panicle rays divaricate; leaves without pilose hairs ........- 4. J. divaricatum.

Flowers congested into 1 to several spike-like or head-like clusters.
Inflorescence nodding, nearly always of a single soudees cluster. . 5. J. spicatum.
Tnflorescence of 2 to 12 globose or oblong clusters. .......-..-.--- 6. J. campestre,

4
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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 185

1. Juncoides glabratum (Hoppe) Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Stud. Bull. 9: 63. 1894.
_ Juncus glabratus Hoppe; Rostk. Mon. Junc. 27. 1801.

LIuzula glabrata Desv. Journ. Botanique 1: 145. 1808.

Luzula spadicea glabrata KE. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 8. 1823.

Tyre tocauity: ‘ Habitat in alpibus Salisburgensibus.”

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2170; Mount Adams, Henderson 2546;
mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 1114; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy ——; Cascade
Mountains above Lake Chelan, 7. E. Wilcox in 1883; Cascade Mountains, Colville, Lyall in
1860; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg 668; Okanogan County, Whited 49; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 232.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrh.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 209. 1893.

Juncus parviflorus Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 139. 1791.

Luzula parviflora Desv. Journ. Botanique 1: 144. 1808.

Luzula spadicea laxiflora E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 8. 1823.

Type Locauity: ‘ Helvetia, Germania, Suecia.”’

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Minnesota, and New York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3900; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall;
Mount Rainier, Piper 2171; Lake Cushman, Henderson 1016; Cascade Mountains, 7'weedy;
Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 1008; Seattle, Piper 1015; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid;
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 409; Wind River, Flett 1392; Bridge Creek, Elmer 641; Okano-
gan County, Lake & Hull 400, 409; Southbend, Spillman, August 7, 1899.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian.

A variable species not much different from the European spadiceum. Our common
form has lax panicles and pale perianth segments and capsule, and is nearly the same
as Luzula parviflora sparsiflora Lange. The form with dark capsules, Luzula parviflora
melanocarpa (Desv.) Gray, does not seem to occur in our limits.

8. Juncoides piperi Coville, sp. nov.

Densely tufted, from short horizontal usually matted rootstocks; stems erect, 10 to 35
em. high; leaves mostly basal, firm in texture, pale green and dull, erect or nearly so,
linear-lanceolate, attenuate, 2 to 4 mm. broad, 15 to 17-nerved, about one-fourth as long
as the stem, smooth and glabrous except for a few long hairs on the sheaths and margins,
inclined to become revolute; cauline leaves two or rarely three; panicle 5 to 8 cm. long,
dark brown, nodding; lowest bract foliaceous, usually 8 to 15 mm. long; bractlets brown,
paler and hyaline toward the apex, lacerate; flowers solitary on the branches or sometimes
in clusters of two or three; perianth segments dark brown, nearly equal, ovate, acuminate,
about 1.5 mm. long; stamens half to two-thirds the length of the perianth, the anthers
nearly equaling the filaments; style about .2 to .3 mm., stigmas 2 to 3 mm. in length;
capsule dark brown, exceeding the perianth, its valves broadly ovate, broadly acute, indis-
tinctly or not at all apiculate; seeds of a light brown to buff or amber color, about 1.2 mm.

- in length, lanceolate-oblong in outline, narrowed to each end, distinctly keeled on the inner

side, the cellular reticulations faint.

Type specimen United States National Herbarium no. 352425, collected in September,
1897, by A. D.-E. Elmer (no. 678) in the Cascade Mountains of Okanogan County, Wash-
ington, on the north fork of Bridge Creek, growing ‘*on dry sand-gravelly moraines just
below the glaciers at 6,000 feet altitude.”

This species differs from Juncoides parviflorum in its more densely tufted habit, smaller
size, and more lacerate bractlets, thicker, never shining leaves, the lack of a distinct apicu-

_lation on the capsule valves, and the light-colored pointed seeds. In parviflorum the seeds
are dark brown, narrowly oblong in outline, and blunt at the ends. Our species bears a
superficial resemblance to the European spadiceum, but is readily distinguishable by its

186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

broader leaves and by its seed and capsule characters, which in spadiceum are the same as
described above for parviflorum.

Juncoides piperi occurs on high peaks in the Cascade Mountains from northern Washing-
ton to southern Oregon, in the Olympic Mountains, and in the Coeur d’Alene Mountains of
northern Idaho (Leiberg 1355), and appears to be associated with soils so porous as to be
sabject to great dryness in late summer. It is named for Professor C. V. Piper, who first
pointed out its characters.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 122; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull
412: Bridge Creek, Elmer 678; Mount Rainier, Tolmie; Piper 21724; Allen 44; Chiquash
Mountains, Suksdorf 1009; Klickitat River, Flet 1364 in part.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION : Arctic.

4. Juncoides divaricatum (S. Wats.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 209. 1893.

Luzula divaricata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 302. 1879.

? Luzula arcuata major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 189. 1840.

Tyre Locauity: ‘California in the Sierra Nevada, mostly alpine, from above Mono
Lake to Sierra County.”

RanGe: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount St. Helens, Coville 799.

The type of Luzula arcuata major Hook. was collected on Mount Rainier by Tolmie.

5. Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 725. 1891.

Juncus spicatus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 330. 1753.

Luzula spicata DC, Fl. Fr. 3: 161. 1805.

Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Lapponiae Alpibus.”

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Colorado, and New York. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2173; Allen; Smith 1014; Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1123; Brandegee 339; Mount Adams, Fett 1404; Wenache Mountains,
Cotton 1291.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

6. Juncoides campestre (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 722. 1891.

Juncus campestris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 329. 1753.

Luzula campestris DC. Fl. Fr. 3: 161. 1805.

Luzula comosa EF. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 21. 1823.

Type Loca.iry: Europe.

Rance: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 301;
Tacoma, Flett 202; Skamania County, Flett 1374; Klickitat River, Flett 1364 in part;
Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 6, 1892; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1122; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 2118; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2100; Flett 1364; Skagit Pass, Lake &
Hull 415; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 28; Hangman
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 19; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 805; Blue Mountains, Lake & Huil
380; Piper, July, 1896; Nisqually Valley, Allen 160.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

LILIACEAE. Liury Famity.

Bracts of the inflorescence scarious. +
Rilowers i racemes. 26a seo eee aoc ade oe beh dake ees Quamasia (p. 190).
Flowers not in racemes.
Odor onion-like; flowers in umbels..............------ Au.ium (p. 187).
Odor not onion-like; flowers in umbels or corymbs... -. - Hookera (p. 189)
Bracts of the inflorescence foliaceous or none.
Perianth segments unlike, the outer much narrower......-- - CaLocnortus (p. 193)

Perianth segments similar.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 187

Bulbs scaly; anthers versatile.
Nectary a linear groove; perianth not campanulate. Litium (p. 191).

Nectary a shallow pit; perianth campanulate- .-.- - FRITILLARIA (p. 191).
Bulbs corm-like; anthers not versatile,

Leaves only two, rather broad............-.-.-.- ERYTHRONIUM (p. 162).

Leaves several, narrow, grass-like...........-.--- Luioypra (p. 193).

ALLIUM. Onion.

Bulbs oblong, cespitose, more or less rhizomatous.

DORON INNORE 20 eta oo ioe bw oe edn oe Sate ee ore ma eee ee 1. A. sibiricum.
Leaves flat or channelled.
Rhizome: stout: flowers erect ......< <= 2 <).2225.cuceenaseoe 2. A. validum.
Rhizome scarcely developed; flowers nodding -..-.-..---- - 3. A. cernuum.
Bulbs globose, loosely cespitose or solitary, not rhizomatous.
See CE TOS as rc Ki wg bade ns Seok ee wae Oem sea 4. A. geyeri.

Bulb coats not fibrous, usually reticulate.
Flowers red.
Leaves flat, rather broad; reticulations wanting.
Plants tall, 20 to 40 em. high; umbel globose,

SUDO S SERIO RODOND 5-0. hs cieisia sive o 5 ow eSees 5. A. douglasii.
Plants low, 5 to 10 em. high; scape flattened.
Leaves 2 to 3 mm. broad; scapes smooth .... 6. A. tolmiei.

Leaves 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; scapes crenulate.. 7. A. crenulatum.
Leaves narrow; reticulations evident.
Reticulations polygonal, distinct; petals 10 to 14

mm: long, ‘sermate:.S-..2-.0- thos. ses 2022526 8. A. acuminatum.
Reticulations obscure, transversely-oblong or want-
ing; petals entire, 6 mm. long.........-.....- 9. A. nevii.

Flowers white. '
Scape tall; umbel dense, globose; reticulations narrow,

trahevers, Shou. ...2.252s ceases ccc spcueescae ss 10. A. attenuifolium.
Scape low; umbel flat.
MeUMURIONS HORS cicvec. 5252 = sve swases etc de x 11. A. macrum.
Reticulations narrow; very cernuous .......--.--- 12. A. collinum.

1. Allium sibiricum L. Mant. 562. 1767.

TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia.

Rance: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Minnesota.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 26; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 630;
White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull, August 9, 1892; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Walla Walla,
Tolmie. °

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Allium validum S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 350. 1871.
Type Loca.ity: Mono Pass, California. Collected by Bolander.
Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 275.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

8. Allium cernuum Roth, Roem. Archiv. I 2: 40. 1798.
Allium recurvatum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1. 94. 1900.
Type Locauity: None given.
Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Texas, and in the Allegheny Mountains.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2506; Olympic Mountains, Fett 822;
East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Bellingham Bay, Siksdorf 1005; Fairhaven, Piper

188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2803; Fidalgo City, Flett 2109; Goat Mountains, Allen 81; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 671;
White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull, August 11, 1892; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Lien
Whited 1420; Chelan, Elmer 504; Meyers Falls, Kreager 594.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

4. Allium geyeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 227. 1879.

Type Locatity: The type specimen was collected by Geyer “on stony banks of the
Kooskooskia River [Idaho].”” The omoir of the Nez Perce Indians.

RANGE: Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and British Columbia. ;

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensberg, Whited 508; Piper, May 21, 1897; Prosser, Henderson
26: Mabton, Cotton 367; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May 27, 1896;
Spokane, Piper 2272, 2722: Coulee City, Piper 3853; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 146;
Pullman, Elmer 834; Union Flat, Piper 1850; without locality, Vasey; Cape Horn,
Piper 5073.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

This species was referred to A. reticulatum Don in Hooker’s Flora.

5. Allium douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 184. t, 196. 1838.
Allium hendersoni Robinson & Seaton, Bot. Gaz. 18: 237. 1893.
Typr Locatiry: “Northwest coast on the low hills, Douglas,” according to Hooker,

but Douglas’ label reads ‘‘Subalpine hill near Kettle Falls in the Blue Mountains, 1826,”

Kettle Falls is in Stevens County, Wash.

Rance: Eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 621;
Piper 1870; Blue Mountains, Horner 465; Piper, July, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

6. Allium tolmiei Baker, Bot. Mag. under pl. 6227. 1876.

Allium douglasii 6 Hook. Fl, Bor. Am, 2: 185. 1839.

Tyre socauitry: ‘In the Snake Country, Tolmie.”’

Rance: Washington to Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Opposite Umatilla, Howell, April 26, 1882; Wallula, Suksdorf
2006.

The last-cited specimen is the basis of the inclusion of Allium cusickii in Suksdorf’s List.

7. Allium crenulatum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 135, 1899.

Tyre Locauity: “Loose gravel rear the summit of the Olympic Mountains in the
vicinity of the headwaters of the Quileene River.”

Rance: Olympic Mountains, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fett 821; Mount Steele, Piper 2218;
3aldy Peak, Lamb 1330. :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

8. fLllium acuminatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 184. 1838.

Tyre Locarity: “Nootka Sound, plentiful.” Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2499; Olympic Mountains, Flett 86;
Fidalgo Island, F/ett 2106; Admiralty Head, Piper, May 27, 1898; Coupeville, Gardner 286;
Naches, Lyall in 1860; Mount Stuart, Elmer, August, 1898; near Mount Adams, Flett 1117;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 498; ‘Klickitat River, Flett 1115; Tieton River, Cotton 442;

_ North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 397; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull,

August 24, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 273; Pullman, Piper 1685;
without locality, Vasey 92.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

8a. Allium acuminatum cuspidatum Fernald, Zée 4: 380. 1894.
TYPE LocaLity: Wawawai, Washington. Collected by W. R. Hull.

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 189

Rance: Eastern Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, /ull 619; Clarks Springs, Kreager 12.

9. Allium nevii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 231. 1879. |

Type Locauity: Hood River, Oregon. Collected by Nevius.

Rance: Washington and Oregon. :

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat, Howell, June, 1879; Klickitat River; Flett, 1116;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 42; Yakima County, Henderson 2480, 2481; Wenache Mountains,
Elmer 458; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 205; Henderson 2479; Wilson Creek, Sandberg &
Leiberg, June, 1893; without locality, Vasey 91; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1284.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

10. Allium attenuifolium Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 110. 1858-62.
Tyre Locauity: Mt. Shasta, California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 60.

11. Allium macrum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 233. 1879.
Tyre Locauity: “Union County, Oregon, on rocky hills.”’ Collected by Cusick.
Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon. ;
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2325.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

12. Allium collinum Dougl.; 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 228. 1879.
Allium fibrillum Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 10: 24. 1902.
Tyre Locauity: “ Abundant on the Blue Mountains.”’ Collected by Douglas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 190, 193, 470. .

ALLIUM SCILLOIDES Dougl.a, collected by Douglas, at ‘“ Priest’s Rapids, Columbia River,”
has not been recognizable from Watson’s very brief description.

HOOKERA.
Anther-bearing stamens 3.
Flowers in umbels, long-pedicelled ........-...-.-...-.-.-------1. H. coronaria.
Flowers nearly sessile in a very short raceme ........-.-.-.------ 2. H. pulchella.
Anther-bearing stamens 6.
Stamens in one row; flowers whitish..................-.-.----- 3. H. hyacinthina.
Stamens in two rows; flowers blue or purplish.
Filament of inner stamens narrow ........-.-.------------- 4. H. douglasiv.
Filament of inner stamens broad. _
Corolla lobes much shorter than the tube-..-....-....-- 5. H. bicolor.
Corolla lobes about as long as the tube.-.-.--.-.-.-.-.- 6. H. howellir.

1. Hookera coronaria Salisb. Par. Lond. pl. 98. 1806. -

Brodiaea grandiflora Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 2. 1811.

Tyre Locauity: ‘In California.”

Rance: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades and Sierras.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fidalgo Island, Flett 2104; Whidby Island, Gardner 284; near
Satsop, Heller 4031; Lake Park, Piper 2093; Tacoma, Flett 906; Gate City, Henderson,
June, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Stuart Island, Lawrence 27.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Hookera pulchella Salisb. Par. Lond. under pl. 98. 1806.
Brodiaea congesta Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 3. pl. 1. 1811. .
Dichelostemma congestum Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 470. 1843.
‘Type Locairy: “In California.”

a Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 229. 1879.

190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

RanGE: Washington to Califcrnia west of the Cascades and Sierras.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 283; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1869;
Alki Point, Piper in 1888; Cape Horn, Piper 4982.

ZONAL bistRiBUTION: Humid Transition.

%. Hookera hyacinthina (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 712. 1891.

Hesperochordon hyacinthinum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: under ¢. 1293. 1829.

Hesperochordum lacteum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: t. 1639. 1833.

Hesperochordon lewisti Hook. F 1. Bor. Am. 2: 185. t. 198. 1839.

Brodiaea lactea Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 238. 1879.

Tyre Locaity: ‘Native of the plains of the Missouri and of the north-west of America,
in which last country it was found by Mr. Douglas.”

Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Humptulips, Lamb 1282; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Whidby
Island, Gardner 282; Fidalgo City, Flett 2107; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tieton
River, Cotton 450; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1208; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893;
Pullman, Piper 1679, July, 1893; Lake 617; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

4. Hookera douglasii (S. Wats.).

Brodiaea grandiflora Smith, err. det. Pursh, Fl. 1: 223. 1814.

Tritelera grandiflora Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15 under t. 1293. 1829.

Brodiaea douglasii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 237. 1879.

Type Locauity: ‘Northwest America.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Utah and Wyoming, probably only to the eastward of the
Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tampico, Flett 1121; Klickitat River, lett 1409; Spokane,
Sandberg & Leiberg 71; Spokane County, Suksdorf 455; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Lei-
berg 71; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Wawawai, Piper 1671; without locality, Vasey 87.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Hookera bicolor (Suksdorf. )

Brodiaea bicolor Suksdorf, West. Am. Sci. 14: 2. 1902.

Tyre Locauity: “In Falkenthal (Falcon Valley), Klickitat County, Washington.” Col-
lected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1049; North Yakima, Henderson 2406; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889.

6. Hookera howellii (S. Wats.).
Brodiaea howellii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 301. 1879.
Tyre Locaity: “Klickitat County,” Washington. Collected by Joseph Howell.
Rance: Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 285; Tacoma, Flett, June, 1896, Klicki-

tat County, Howell, June, 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 506, 62, Ellensburg, Piper, May,
1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

QUAMASIA. Camas.

Perianth irregular, the segments 3 or sometimes 5-nerved; buds gibbous on
OMG Cary fora t teen 9 gh eee ea Ol Ene ie et de 1. Q. quan ash.
Perianth regular, the segments 5 to 9-nerved.

Segments usually 7-nerved; capsules conspicuously nerved; flowers
blue or white 2. Q. leichiirs i.

Segments usually 5-nerved; capsules not conspicuously nerved; {ow-
i a) Le eet eee OR CCM orate, abe Sis MLS TaN Maan air oe 3. Q. suksuory t.

‘
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—. _ Jo. sie re

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 191

1. Quamasia quamash (Pursh) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 64. 1897. Camas.
Phalangium quamash Pursh, FI]. 1: 226. 1814.
Camassia esculenta Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18. t. 1486. 1832.
Type Locauity: On the Quamash Flats, that is Weippe, Idaho. Collected by Lewis.
Rance: British Columbia to Montana, Utah, and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 508, 63; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Fort
Vancouver, Garry in 1826; Ellensburg, Whited, May 17, 1901; Klickitat River, Flett 1119;
without locality, Vasey 101; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 57; Pullman, Hull 622; Piper
1677, June, 1894; Elmer 821; Union Flat, Piper, May, 1897; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
1896. °
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Quamasia leichtlinii (Baker) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 63. 1897.

Camassia esculenta leichilinii Baker, Bot. Mag. t. 6287. 1877.

Camassia leichtlinii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 376. 1885.

Chlorogalum leichilinii Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 1: 689. 1874.

Type Locatity: British Columbia. Collected by Jeffrey.

Rance: British Columbia to Washington west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Admiralty
Head, Piper, April, 1898.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Quamasia suksdorfii (Greenm.) Piper.
Camassia suksdorfii Greenm. Bot. Gaz. 34: 307. 1902.
Type Locaity: Falcon Valley.

» SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 251, 509; near Bingen, Suksdorf 2663. -

LILIUM. Lity.

1. Lilium parviflorum (Hook.) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 253. 1895.

Lilium canadense parviforum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 181. 1838.

Lilium columbianum Hanson; Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 243. 1875.

Lilium bakerii Purdy, Erythea 5: 104. 1897.

Type Loca.ity: ‘“N. W. Coast, Columbia and Walamet Rivers.’”’ Collected by Douglas
and by Tolmie.

RanaGeE: British Columbia to North California, not east of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Harford & Dunn, May 27,
1869; Clallam County, Elmer 2502; Olympic Mountains, Sargent, August 15, 1896; Monte-
sano, Heller 3972; Silverton, Bouck 187; Chehalis County, Lamb 1179; Pringle, June 27,
1877; Chehalis River, Lamb 1237; Twisp River, Whited 176; Mount Rainier, Piper, August,
1895; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 124; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 533;
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 740; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1178; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 511; Roslyn, Whited 462; Stehekin,
Griffiths & Cotton 226.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Cooper referred this lily to the eastern L. canadense L.

FRITILLARIA.
Flowers yellow; styles connate to the summit..............--.--- 1. F. pudica.
Flowers brownish purple; styles distinct to the middle.
Capsules acutely angled; flowers much mottled .............. 2. F. lanceolata.
Capsules obtusely angled; flowers obscurely mottled ......--.- 3. F. camtschatcensis.

1. Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2: 64. 1825.
Lilium? pudicum Pursh, FI. 1: 228. t. 8. 1814.

192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type Locauiry: “On the headwaters of the Missouri,’”’ according to Pursh, but this is
probably an error, as the Lewis specimen in the Philadelphia Academy is from the Koos-
kooskee ie earwater] River, Idaho.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1114; White Salmon, Suksdorf 313;
Wenache, Whited 2, 1009; Clealum, Henderson in 1892; Fort Colville, Lyell in 1861;
Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 74; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893, 1673; Moore, May, 1893.

ZONAL DisrriBpuTION: Arid Transition.

2. Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh, Fl. 1: 230. 1814.

Type cvocauiry: “On the headwaters of the Missouri and Columbia.” Collected by
Lewis. The Columbia specimen in the Philadelphia Academy is from Brant Island at the
foot of the Cascades. The Missouri River locality is probably erroneous, as it is out of the
known range of the plant.

Rance: British Columbia to California eastward to western Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2507; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895;
Oreas Island, Henderson, July, 1892; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Tacoma, Fett
71; Roslyn, Whited 359; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 534; White Salmon, Suksdorf 312;
Major Creek, Suksdorf, June 4, 1886; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall in 1858; Goat Mountains,
Allen 235; Twisp River, Whited, July 16, 1896; without locality, Vasey 88, 90.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3. Fritillaria camtschatcensis (I..) Ker-Gawl. Bot. Mag. 30: under ¢. 1276. 1809.
Lilium camtschatcense L. Sp. Pl. 1: 308. 1753.
Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Canada, Camschatea.”
Rance: Alaska to Washington. Kamchatka.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 281; Silverton, Bouck 1, 188.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ¢ ”

ERYTHRONIUM. Avbper’s TONGUE.

Leaves'mottled:* flowers cream-color’--- 9522. cs. ae cossueesiec sce se 1. E. giganteum.
Leaves not mottled.
Blowers white; -Glaments filiform. 2.2. 22222 s:oes tee sins cete S 2. EL. montanum.
Flowers yellow.
havihops purplelos toc ne ete ek cs cece es 3. E. grandiflorum.
Antherswhite:s assess oe eles we eee ates racine oe atee ere 4. E. parviflorum.

1. Erythronium giganteum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: under t. 1786. 1835.

Erythronium grandiflorum albiflorum Hook Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 182. 1839.

Type Locauity: “North West America.”

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 289; Admiralty Head, Piper, April,
1898; Chimacum, Binns, June 30, 1889; Seattle, Piper, April, 1889; Smith, April, 1889;
Clarke County, Suksdorf 2327; without locality, Henderson, May, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Our plant is clearly ‘the /. giganteum figured in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine (pl. 5714)
which Hooker suspects is the /. giganteum Lindl.

We incline to the belief that the EZ. revolutum Smith,a collected by Menzies on “ King
George’s Sound” is the plant here called E. giganteum. But Mr. Carl Purdy retains that
name for a closely allied species ranging from the Columbia River to Mendocino County,

California, which may also range up the Washington coast to the vicinity of “ King’

George’s Sound,”’ i. e., the Gulf of eee:

a Reas: Rae coped 13: no. 3. 1809.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE CF WASHINGTON. 193

2. Erythronium montanum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 130. 1891.
Type Locauity: “Mt. Hood, Mt. Adams, etc.”’
Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; Olympic Mountains.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2496; Olympic Mountains, Piper, 2220;
[lénderson 2038; Mount Rainier, Piper 2118; Paradise Valley, Flett 256; Goat Mountains,
Allen 83; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 11, 1886; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 456.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

3. Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh, F]. 1: 231. 1814.
Erythronium grandiflorum minus Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 182. 1839.
Type Locaity: “On the Kooskooskee,’’? Idaho. Collected by Lewis. The exact spot
is opposite the present town of Kamiah.
Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper 1676, June, 1893.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Trangition.

4. Erythronium parviflorum (5S. Wats.) Goodding, Bot. Gaz. 33: 67. 1902.

Erythronium grandiflorum parviflorum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 129. 1891.

Tyre Locauity: “In the mountains from Colorado and northern Utah to British America,
in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and in the Cascades of Washington and British Columbia.”

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2491; Olympic Mountains, Henderson
2039%; Silverton, Bouck 189; Mount Rainier, Piper, 2100; Flett 260; Goat Mountains,
Allen 82; Klickitat River, Flett 1118; near Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; near
Ellensburg, Whited, April, 1897; Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1879; Wenache Mountains,
Whited 1053; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

LLOYDIA.

1. Lloydia serotina (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2. 527. 1830.

Anthericum serotinum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 444. 1762.

Lloydia alpina Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 328. 1812.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in alpibus Angliae, Helvetiae, Taureri rastadiensis, Wal-
laesiae.”’

Rance: Arctic regions, southward in the mountains to Washington, Nevada, and Colo-
rado. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, ‘lett 850; Mount Baker, Flett 861; Mount
Baldy, Conard 285.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

CALOCHORTUS.
Flowers pink or purple, erect.
Petals acute or acuminate, yellow at base -......-.-.--------- 1. C. macrocarpus.
Petals obtuse or truncate, ocellate at base.
Flowers 2 to 2.5 em. long; petals denticulate _............ 2. C. longebarbatus.
Flowers 3 to 4 cm. long; petals entire _.......-...-..-.-. 3. C. nitidus.
Flowers white or yellowish, nodding.
Petals pale yellow, sparsely hairy inside; gland naked -. -- - r.... 4. C. apiculatus.

Petals white, very hairy inside, broadly ovate; gland more or
less covered by a scale.
Petals obtuse; pods nodding.
Stems 5 to 15 cm. high; scale deeply lacerate. .....- - 5. C. elegans.
Stems 20 to 40 em. high; scales subentire.

29418—06 m——13

:

194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Sepals each with a conspicuous purple pit at base;
anthers caudate at apex........-.-.-.--.---- 8. C. subalpinus.
Sepals without pit at base; anthers merely aecumi-
DAE sos tavesedhsg ct ace nde at = eee eeretoes 6. C. purdyi.
Petals narrowly ovate, acute; -pods erect ...........---.- 7. C. lyallii.

1. Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 276. ¢. 8. 1830.

Tyre Locauity: “Dry barren grounds around the Great Falls of the Columbia, and on
the summit of the low hills between them and the Grand Rapids.” Collected by
Douglas, June, 1825.

Rance: British Columb‘a to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Simcoe Hills, Lyall in June,
1860; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 409; without local'ty, Vasey 83; Kreager 391;
Ellensburg, Elmer 393; near Ellensburg, Whited 539; Piper, July, 1897; Wenache, Whited
1269; Cowiche Creek, Cotton 462; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker; Spokane, Piper, July,
1894; Steamboat Rock, McKay 21; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1892; Pullman,
Lake & Hull, July, 1892; Piper 1681; Waitsburg, Horner 463; Illia, Lake & Hull, June
1892.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Calochortus longebarbatus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 381. 1882.

Tyre Locauity: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf

Rance: Klickitat County and adjacent Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 64;
KIck:tat Valley, Howell 560; Klickitat River, Flett 1123.

This species differs constantly from C. nitidus in’ producing a bulblet on the stem at the
surface of the ground.

8. Calochortus nitidus Doug]. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 277. t. 9. 1830.

Calochortus pavonaceus Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 19: 335. 1894.

Tyre Locauity: “On the chain of the Blue Mountains and mountainous districts of
the Columbia, from the confluence of the Spokane River upwards.’’ Collected by
Douglas.

Rance: Eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1680; Henderson 2484; Union Flat, Lake &

Hull 618.
ZONAL pistRipuTiON: Arid Transition.

4. Calochortus apiculatus Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 305. 1875.

Tyre Locatity: “Columbia brittan’ca ad montes Pend Oreille et Kootenay.’’ Col
lected by Lyall. This must be very close to where Washington, Idaho, and British
Columba meet.

Rance. Washington, Idaho, and Br.t:sh Columb‘a.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Miss Kate Reed; Pend Oreille and Kootenay rivers,
Lyall in 1861.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. ie

5. Calochortus elegans Pursh, Fl. 1: 240. 1814.

Calochortus elegans minor Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 183. 1839.

Calochortus elegans major Hook. loc. cit.

Type Locaity. “On the headwaters of the Kooskooky,’”’ Idaho. Collected by Lewis.
The exact place is opposite Kam‘ah, Idaho.

Rance: Washington, Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, //ull 811;.Henderson 2483; Wenache, Whited 40, 1139.

ZONAL pbisTRIBUTION: Arid Trans'tion to Canadian.

Small spec:mens of this spec’es have been referred e¢: roz.cously te. elegans nanus Wood.

il Satine teat

DO te be ee ee

eae

a 2 ore ee

7

y
4
4
x

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 195

6. Calochortus purdyi Eastwood, Proc. Cal. Acad. ILL. 1: 137. 1898.
Type Locauity: Grants Pass, Oregon, Collected by Howell.
Rance: Western Washington and western Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, June 4, 1883; Meany, June, “1885.
ZONAL bistriBuTION: Humid Transition.

7. Calochortus lyallii Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 305. 1875.

Calochortus ciliatus Robinson & Seaton, Bot. Gaz. 18: 238. 1893.

Tyre Locauity: “Columbia brittanica ad apicem mont’s alt. 5,800 pedes inter fluv.
Columbia et Yakima.”’ Collected by Lyall.

Range: Eastern Washington, in the Cascade Mounta‘ns. _

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Naches River, Henderson 2485; Mount Stuart, Sandberg &
Leiberg 575; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1139, 40; Cotton 1266, 1313, 1657; Wenache
region, Brandegee 1107; without locality, Vasey 82.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

A specimen of £. ciliatus from the Wenache Mounta:ns, the type local'ty for each sup-
posed species, was sent to Mr. J. G. Baker, who reports that it “is not exactly the same”’
as the type of C. lyallii, “as it differs in the relat:ve length of anther to filament.” A
fairly large series of specimens convinces me that two species can not be maintained as
distinct on such a basis.

8. Calochortus subalpinus sp. nov.

Bulbs ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, the outer coats dark; stems flexuous, erect, 15 to 20 cm. .
high, usually exceeded by the solitary leaf, 1 to 3-flowered; leaf linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, 3 to 8 mm. wide, paler beneath; bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, 2 to 3 cm. long;
sepals lance-ovate, acuminate, somewhat scarious on the marg:ns, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long,
6 to 9-nerved, the base strongly arched forming a shallow pit inside, this marked by a
purple spot; petals cream-colored, purplish at base, obovate or rhombic-orbicular, 2 to 3
cm. long, slightly erose at margin, sparsely villous over the upper face above the striate
minutely puberulent gland excepting a narrow port:on near the apex; scale narrow, entire,
extending in a gentle curve nearly across the petal and covered with long, retrorse hairs;
filaments broadly wing-margined, equalling the long-beaked anthers; capsules nodding,
narrowly elliptic, rather acutish at each end, 2 to 3 em. long, beaued by a style 1 to 2
mm. long.

A subalpine species closely allied to C. purdyi Eastwood, which differs in having thinner
sepals lacking the pit at the base, more villous petals w:thout the naked apical area, less
villous scales which are very strongly arched, a much thinner perfectly smooth gland, and
merely acuminate, not beaked, anthers.

SPECIMENS. EXAMINED: Wash ngton: Mount St. Helens, Coville 765, July 18, 1898;
Mount Adams, Henderson 52; Klickitat River, Flett 1124; Skamania County, Suksdorf,
August 11, 1886; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 1, August
1881.

Oregon: Mount Hood, A. Wood in 1866; Gorman, Sentamber 23, 1896; Dr. C. H. Mer-
riam, altitude 6,000 to 7,000 feet in 1896; Howell in i881 (type, in U. S, National Her-
barium); Three Sisters, Gorman 121, July 21, 1903, altitude 6,000 feet.

This species was included in C. elegans nanus Wood by its author, but the type of that
came from near Yreka, California, and is quite different from. this subalpine or alpine
northern species. In Howell’s Flora of Northwest America this species is well described,
but under the name C. lyallii Baker, which belongs to a very different species. The species
has also been confused with (. apiculatus Baker.

MELANTHACEAE. Buncu-riower Famity.

Anthers 1-celled; leaves neither rigid nor equitant.
Leaves broad; petioles sheathing; flowers ina large panicle... Veratrum (p. 196).
aves Narrow, grass-like.

é

196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Flowers erect, each segment bearing a gland at base... Zy@apEnus (p. 197).

Flowers nodding; perianth segments glandless. ........ SrTENANTHIUM (p. 197.).
Anthers 2-celled; leaves rigid or equitant.
Leaves equitant; pedicels bracteolate............-.-.---- _ Torietpa (p. 196).
Leaves not equitant, harsh and rigid; pedicels naked _.....- XEROPHYLLUM (p. 197).

VERATRUM. FAtLsE HELLEBORE.

Flowers green; panicle drooping. .-..% . 2... sc'adiaa Selene ws -s--s' = 1. V. viride.
Flowers white; panicle erect.
Terminal branch of the panicle much elongated .......-.-..-.--- 2. V. caudatum.
Terminal branch of the panicle rather short ........-.....--.-- 3. V. californicum.
1. Veratrum viride Ait. Hort. Kew 3: 422. 1789. GREEN HELLEBORE.

Veratrum lobelianum eschscholzianum Roem. & Schult. Syst. '7: 1555. 1830.

Veratrum eschscholtzii Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 4: 119. 1837.

Type Locatity: North America.

Rance: Alaska to New Brunswick southward to Washington, Minnesota, and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2501; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1860; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Skamania County, Suksdorf 213;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 85; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 609; Bridge Creek, Elmer 665;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Veratrum caudatum Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 588. 1899*

Tyre Locauitry: “In wet meadows at Montesano, Chehalis County, Washington.
Collected by Heller.

Rance: Western Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, //eller 4013; Seattle, Piper 1101; Chehalis River,
Lamb 1236.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

This may be merely a form of V. californicum Durand, but the plant is somewhat different
in habit.

8. Veratrum californicum Durand, Journ. Acad. Phila. 3: 103. 1854.
WuITE HELLEBORE. PLATE XX.

Veratrum speciosum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 531. 1900.

Type Locauity: California. Collected by Pratt.

Rance: Washington to California, Colorado, and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 65; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 174;
North Fork Atanum, Henderson, August 2, 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 518;
Wenache, Whited; Palouse, Henderson, July 15, 1892; Pullman, Piper; without locality,
Vasey 99; Mount Carlton, Kreager 263.

ZONAL pDistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

Veratrum californicum Durand is described as having petioled leaves, but the ‘ye
specimen clearly shows that the so-called petiole is only a part of the sheathing base.

TOFIELDIA.

1. Tofieldia intermedia Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 528. 1900.
~ Type Locarity: ‘‘Sheh-Shooh Lake, Alaska.”’

Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2504; Ohaape Mountains, Piper 2242;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2133; Flett 291;
Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 274; Olympia, Kincaid, July 2, 1896; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1227;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf, August 31, 1886; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 516; Lake Wenache,
Sandberg & Leiberg 629; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 610; Bridge Creek, Elmer.

ae

PLATE XX.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

WHITE HELLEBORE (VERATRUM CALIFORNICUM).

Photograph by

A. B. Leckenby.

A common plant in the moist flats and vales of the Arid Transition area.

PIPER

FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. cof

ZONAL pDisTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian.
This species has been confused with both 7. glutinosa (Michx.) Pers. and 7’. occidentalis
S. Wats.

STENANTHIUM.

1. Stenanthium occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 405. 1873.

Stenanthella occidentalis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 531. 1900.

Type Locaity: ‘In the Rocky Mountains.’ Collected by Bourgeau.

Raneae: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 137; Piper 2226; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Clallam County, Elmer 2503; Silverton, Bouck 188a; Goat
Mountains, Allen 233; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, July, 1892; Cape Horn, Howell in
1877; Piper 4966.

. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arctic to Canadian.

XEROPHYLLUM.

1. Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. Gen. 1: 235. 1818. PINE LILY.

Helonias tenax Pursh, Fl. 1: 243. 1814.

Type vocauity: ‘On the high lands near the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Lewis,
_ June 25, 1806, on which date he was on Collins [Lolo] Creek, Idaho.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2505; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June,
1892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Carlton, Kreager 273.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian.

This plant was formerly much used by the Indians in basketry work. It ranges in
altitude from near the sea level in Mason County to 6,000 feet on Mount Rainier. On the
Lolo Trail, where Lewis collected the type, it is exceedingly abundant, often covering
hundreds of acres. It is also known as bear grass and squaw grass.

ZYGADENUS.
Petals 8 to 10 mm. long;. gland obcordate .............-...--------- 1. Z. elegans.
Petals 6 to 8 mm. long; gland obovate.
Inflorescence paniculate; petals acute ._....---.---.-..--.-..-- 2. Z. paniculatus.
Inflorescence racemose; petals obtuse -......---.-----.--------- 3. Z. venenosus.

1. Zygadenus elegans Pursh, Fl. 1: 241. 1814.

Type Locatity: ‘On the waters of the Cokahlaishkit River, near the Rocky Moun-
tains” [i. e., Big Blackfoot River, Montana]. Collected by Lewis.

Rance: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Washington, Colorado, Minnesota, and
Vermont.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, lett 109; Wenache Mountains, Whited 718;
Wenache Region, Brandegee 1112; Loomis, Elmer 597.

2

2. Zygadenus paniculatus S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 5: 343. 1871.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Oregon and Washington. Frequent on the foot-hills of the Virginia,
Trinity, and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch.”

Rance: Washington to Nevada and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Ellensburg, Whited 354,
Piper 2671; Ellensburg to Wenas, Whited 276; Wenache Valley, Whited 85, 1054; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf 704; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 577, 366; between Coulee City enc
Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; without locality, Vasey; Waitsburg, Horner B493.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

8. Zygadenus venenosus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 279. 1879. | DratTH caMas.

Tyre Locauity: Salinas Valley, ‘among hills,’”’ Monterey County, California, according
to the label on the type specimen. Collected by Brewer.

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2493; Humptulips, Lamb 1185; Whidby
Island, Gardner 294; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma, Flett 893; Admiralty Head,
Piper, May, 1898; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Snoqualmie, Smith 1060; Steilacoom, Piper
211; Muckleshoot Prairie, Rukn; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf
515; Klickitat River, Flett 1120; Pullman, Piper 1672, Elmer 831; without locality,
Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This species as here accepted is quite variable, but none of the forms seems susceptible
of segregation. The western Washington forms are more nearly typical, having the glands
of the perianth very distinctly limited. The poisonous qualities of the bulb of this plant

are certainly much exaggerated, if indeed there is any real basis in fact for its reputed -

virulence.
The Washington specimens referred by Hooker @ to Leimanthium nuttallii and by
Cooper 6 to Anticlea nuttallii and A. douglasii are with little doubt Zygadenus venenosus.

CONVALLARIACEAE. Laity or THE VALLEY FAMILY.

Leaves reduced to scales; branches thread-like, green... .. .. -- _.. AsPaRAGus (p. 202). |

Leaves foliaceous; branches not thread-like.
Plant producing but one flower.
Leaver thinse an @ whorls 5265505 oe boas otek eae Tritium (p. 198).
Leaves all basal, not whorled............-...--.-..-.-- CiinTonIA (p. 199).
Plant producing several to many flowers.
Inflorescence a raceme or panicle.
Persanth: Shrthonis 808.9 on. aeeeeneeaseesee ast VAGNERA (p. 199).
Poeriants: segments fours. cc ooo. eee n oae% oe a= sees Uniroiium (p. 200).
Inflorescence an umbel or flowers solitary.
Flowers terminal on the branches, solitary or umbelled. Disporum (p. 201).
Flowers axillary, usually solitary.
Perianth narrowly campanulate......-...----- Srreptopus (p. 201).
Perianth rotates. 26. 4. eeee ssen cuss... ce -s Kruusea (p. 202).

TRILLIUM.

Flowers white, becoming purplish, peduncled.
Leaves rhombic-ovate; rhizome horizontal; petals much longer

THAD Ths epee Sees seo tc os eeeecie e oa ne See sa ee ie a oe 1. T. ovatum.
Leaves ovate; rhizome vertical; petals scarcely longer than the
SOWAINS 4 poo dants 5 cin Se santas PE TOCA N Re te Fen Pe 2. T. crassifolium.
Flowers sessile. -
Leaves sessile, mottled; petals whitish .......2....-.-.------- 3. T. chloropetalum.
Leaves petioled, not mottled; petals brown-purple -...-..------ 4. T. petiolatum.
1. Trillium ovatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 245. 1814. WAKE-ROBIN.

Trillium obovatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 180. 1839.

Type Locauity: ‘On the rapids of the Columbia River.’”’ Collected by Lewis, April 10,
i806, on which date he was at the foot of the Cascades of the Columbia.

Ranae: British Columbia to California and Idaho.

a Flora Bor. Am. 2: 177. b Pac. R. Rep. 127: 69.

-

Cy hoy

ee ee

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 199
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Hlmer 2498; Port Ludlow, Binns, March 30,
1889; Silverton, Bouck 178; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 58; Piper, August, 1895;
Tacoma, Flett 75; Easton, Whited 295; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie ; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
& Leiberg 770; without locality, Vasey 85; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 188.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

2. Trillium crassifolium Piper, Erythea 7: 104. 1899.
Tyre Loca.ity: ‘Foothills near Wenatchee,” Wash. Collected by Whited.
Ranae: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited, April, 1899; May, 1900.

3. Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 661. 1902.
Trillium sessile chloropetalum Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 151. 1856.
Trillium sessile californicum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 273. 1879.
Tyre Locauitry: ‘‘ Redwoods,” California.

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Roy, Fett 2223.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Trillium petiolatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 244. 1814.

Type Locauity: ‘On the waters of the Kooskooskee.’’ Collected by Lewis, June: 15,
1806. On that day Lewis was on the Lolo River, Idaho.

Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Spokane County,
Suksdorf 457; Spokane hills, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper 1674; Elmer 125.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

CLINTONIA.

1. Clintonia unifiora (Schult.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 159. 1850.

Smilacina borealis uniflora Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 71: 307. 1829.

Smilacina uniflora Menzies; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 175. ¢. 190. 1839.

Type Locaity: “In ora occidentali Americae borealis.’’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2494; Olympic Mountains, Grant in
1889; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Valley of Nisqually, Allen 74; Sil-
verton, Bouck 180; Mount Rainier, Flett 262; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 560;
Stampede Pass, Henderson, July and October, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 612; Peshas-
tin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; between Spokane and Pend Oreille River, Lyall in
1861; Mount Carlton, Kreager 184, 229; without locality, Vasey 98.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

VAGNERA.
Flowers numerous, small, in panicles.
Styles nearly as long as the ovaries .......-..-..... 3.V. amplericaulis.
Miyles Very SuONbsass tee ook SO ee ee ae ee .. 8a.V. amplexicaulis brachystyla.
Flowers larger, few, in racemes.
Leaves flat and spreading..............-.-....---- 2.V. sessilifolia.
Leaves folded, ascending. ........2.20...-...---.- 1.V. stellata.

1. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 114. 1894.
Convallaria stellata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 316. 1753.
Smilacina stellata Desf. Ann. Mus. Par. 9: 52. 1807.
TYPE LOCALITY: Canada.

200 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Washington to Labrador, south to California, New Mexico, Iowa, and Penn-
sylvania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 351; North Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898;
Blue Mountains, Horner 194.

2. Vagnera sessilifolia (Baker) Greene, Man. Bay Region 316. 1894.

Tovaria sessilifolia Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 566. 1875.

Smilacina sessilifolia Nutt; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 245. 1879.

Smilacina stellata sessilifolia Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 277: 358. 1900.

Type Locauity: ‘America borealis occidentalis a Columbia brittanica ad Californiam

et Mexicum Novum.”

Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2495; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1858; near Lake Cushman, Piper, August, 1895; Silverton, Bouck 185; Valley of
Nisqually, Allen 37; Tacoma, Flett 90; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 173; Falcon Val-
ley, Suksdorf 172; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Whited
1052; Sunnyside, Cotton 374; Klickitat River, Flett 1122; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 126; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Henderson, June,
1892; Almota Creek, Piper, May, 1897; Pullman, Elmer 117; Piper, July, 1900; Hull 616;
Waitsburg, Horner 195; without locality, Vasey ; Clarks Springs, Kreager 45; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 221, 252.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3. Vagnera amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Region 316. 1894.

Smilacina amplericaulis Nutt. Journ, Acad. Phila. 7: 58. 1834.

Smilacina racemosa amplericaulis Wats. Bot. King Explor. 345. 1871.

Vagnera brachypetala Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 268, 1901.

Tyre Locauity: “In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains about the sources of the
Jolumbia River.’”’ Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2500; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1345; Coupe-
ville, Gardner 290; Tacoma, Flett 203; Silverton, Bouck 186; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
1006; Wenache, Whited 1051; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 648; Lake Chelan,
Lake & Hull, August 15, 1892; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper,
July 15, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 271.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

A variable species distinguishable with difficulty from V. racemosa (L.) Morong.

8a. Vagnera amplexicaulis brachystyla (Henderson).
Smilacina racemosa brachystyla Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 357. 1900.
Tyre Loca.ity: “In the Yakima country,” Washington.
Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kamiak Butte, Elmer 810; Moore, June, 1893; Piper, July 20,
1899. .
UNIFOLIUM.

1. Unifolium bifolium kamtschaticum (Gmel.).

Convallaria bifolia kamtschatica Gmcl.; Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 587. 1831.

Maianthemum bifolium dilatatum Wood, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1868: 174. 1868.

Type Locatiry: Kamtschatka.

Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2494; Silverton, Bouck; Seattle, Piner
200; Tacoma, Flett 197; Nisqually Valley, Allen 73; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 29,
1886; Fort Vancouver, collector not indicated; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

This plant was referred to Smilacina bifolia L. in Hooker’s Flora and to Smilacina bifoiia

trifolia in Cooper’s List.

ada

—
or PR her

aT we et)

amined)

«<< ~btard DW he

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 201
DISPORUM.
Perianth broad at base; stigma 3-cleft..-........-.-.-.----------------- 1. D. smitha.
Perianth narrowed at base.
Fruit ovate, pubescent; stigma entire ............--.-------------- 2. D. oreganum.
Fruit globose, papillose; stigma 3-cleft......-.-.-...2.----------- 3. D. majus.

1. Disporum smithii (Hook.).

Uvularia smithii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 174. ¢. 189. 1838.

Prosartes menziesii D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1: 48. 1839 (December) or 1840.

Disporum menziesii Britt. Bull. Torr. Club, 15: 188. 1888.

Tyrer Locauity: ‘Nutka Sound.” Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia to north California, near the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1039a; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen, June 25,
1893; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May 13, 1892; without locality, Vasey 97.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid ‘Transition.

2. Disporum oreganum (S. Wats.) Benth. & Hook.; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: poe. 1902,
Prosartes oreganam 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 271. 1879.
TYPE LOCALITY: Oregon.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2497; Lake Cushman, Piper, August,
1895; Nisqually Valley, Allen 148; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1861; Tacoma,
Flett, May, 1896; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 513; along Salmon River, Horner 472; Stampede
Pass, Henderson, June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Brandegee 1110; Fort Vancouver, Tol-
mie; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 644; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; foot-
hills of Blue Mountains, Horner 189; without locality, Vasey; Frontier, Kreager 468.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3. Disporum majus (Hook.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 188. 1888.

Prosartes lanuginosa major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 174. 1839.

Prosartes trachycarpa 8. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 344. 1871.

TypPE Locaity: “Between Norway House and Cumberland House Fort.’’ Collected
by Richardson.

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 181; along Twisp River, Whited, July, 1896;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 901; Conconully, Whited 1321; Wenache, Whited 69; Clealum,
Whited 422%; Spokane, Piper 2285, 2268; along Salmon River, Horner 473; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July, 1896; Mount Carlton, Areager 310; Clarks Springs, Kreager 130.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

Prosartes lanuginosa major Hook. has been associated with P. oreganum Wats., but mis-
takenly, since the latter species does not range east of Idaho. A Richardson specimen in
the Gray Herbarium perhaps of the type collection is unquestionably P. trachycarpum
Wats. We have, therefore, no hesitancy in giving the synonymy as above.

STREPTOPUS.

Leaves glaucous beneath, half-clasping; flowers greenish
Leaves green on both sides, sessile; flowers, rose-colored

bis, sors aive fea 1. S. amplexifolius.
Pee RE ee 2. S. roseus.

1. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Fl. Fr. 3: 174. 1805.

Uvularia amplexifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 304. 1753.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Bohemiae, Silesiae, Saxoniae, Delphinatus montibus.”’

Ranae: Alaska to Labrador and southward to Arizona and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1659; Coupeville, Gard-
ner, May 25, 1897; Silverton, Bouck 182; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Tacoma, //ett, 204; Stevens

202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 737; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 615; Lake Wenache, Sandberg
& Leiberg 646; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey 104; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 254, 191.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Streptopus roseus Michx. Fl. 1: 201. 1803.

Streptopus curvipes Vail, Bull. Torr. Club. 28: 267. 1901.

Type Locauitry: “Hab. in excelsis montibus Carolinae septentrionalis et in eee re

Rance: Alaska to Oregon, Labrador, and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Lake Cushman,
Piper in 1890; Goat Mountains, Allen, August 12, 1895; Silverton, Bouck 183; Skamania
County, Suksdorf, August 10, 1886; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 44; Stampede Pass, Henderson,
April 10, 1892; Stevens Pass, Whited 1460; Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1879; Nason City,
Sandberg & Leiberg 652.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

The western form of this species is commonly smaller than that of the eastern States,
and shows a tendency to produce longer rhizomes, but we believe these differences are not
specific, especially as rhizomatous forms occur also in the Allegheny Mountains.

KRUHSEA.

1. Kruhsea streptopoides (Ledeb. ) Kearney in Herron, Explor. in Alaska, Adj. Gen. Off.
31: 74. 1901.
Smilacina streptopoides Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 128. 1853.
Kruhsea tilingiana Regel, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mose. 11: 122. 1859.
Streptopus brevipes Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 592. 1875.
Tyre Locatrry: “Hab. in Siberia orientali pr. Ajan! inque insula Sitka.” —
Rance: Alaska to Washington. Siberia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cacsade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

ASPARAGUS.

1. Asparagus officinalis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 313. 1753. ASPARAGUS.
The cultivated asparagus quickly escapes from cultivation and becomes more or less
established. This is especially true in somewhat alkaline lands in the Yakima Valley.

IRIDACEAE. Iris F Amity.

Flowers very large; styles petal-like ............-.-.---...--- Ints (p. 202).
Flowers moderate; styles filiform.
Filaments united to the top; flowers usually blue .....-....- Sisyrincuium (p. 203).
Filaments united only at base; flowers never blue.
Flowers yellow; styles cleft to the middle -.........-- Hypasty.us (p. 204).
Flowers red; styles cleft near the top.......---------- Oxsynium (p. 204).
IRIS.
Stems leafy; bracts green, not scarious.......-.-.-.-.----------- 2. I. tenaz.
Stems leafless; bracts largely scarious.........:...------------- 1. J. missouriensis.
1. Iris missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. '7: 58. 1834. Piate XXI.-

Tris tolmieana Herbert, Bot. Beech. Voy. 396. 1839.
* Iris caurina Herbert; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 206. 1839 (November).
Type Locatiry: “Towards the sources of the Missouri.” Collected by Wyeth. m
Rance: British Columbia to Dakota, Arizona, and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 278, 426; Ellensburg, Whited, May,
1897; Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Prosser,

Stevie ee ee ged

a

eT eens

“ar
>

Ee
-

PLATE XXI.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

IRIS MISSOURIENSIS.

In low lands near Prosser, Yakima County,

“=. ve

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 203

Henderson, May, 1892; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 100; Pullman, Piper, June, 1893;
Elmer 824; Piper 1683; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 67.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

Some Washington ‘specimens have been referred to Iris longipetala Herbert, but all such
seem to us forms of J. missouriensis. The occurrence of this species on Whidby Island is
surprising. No other station for the plant is known west of the Cascade Mountains.

2. Iris tenax Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: ¢. 1218. 1829.

TypE Locairy: “A common plant in north California and along the coast of New
Georgia, in dry soils or open parts of woods, flowering in April and May.’ Collected by
Douglas. :

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3876; Henderson; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie;
Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper 4943.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

SISYRINCHIUM. BLUE-EYED GRASS.

Bracts of the spathe linear, equally narrow, the inner exceeding the
emer tie outer much longer. ....-...--.-----.-------------- 1. S. sarmentosum.
Bracts of the spathe dissimilar, the inner broader than the outer and
always shorter than the flowers.
Perianth-segments 4 to 7 mm. long, white or pale; leaves and

SUERTE, b> TINS WAGED. 5 6.5 cco0 sam can owes she oasese ss 2. S. septentrionale.
Perianth-segments 12 to 18 mm. long, blue.
POUR ML MURTY 2-DTANCHO 2). 2 o's Sonic oe ce ee nsec neenie- 3. S. birameum.

Stems always simple.
Leaves 1 to 3.5 mm. broad, firm; stems 1 to3 mm. wide. 4. S. idahoense.
Leaves 0.5 to 1.5 mm. broad, soft; stems 1 to 1.5
IBN WIOR Goat fe ac ie orc ete bse ca eae cimee sag baie 5. S. segetum.

1. Sisyrinchium sarmentosum Suksdorf, Erythea 3: 121. 1895.
Type Locatity: Skamania County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2233.

2. Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 452. 1899.
Type Locaity: Moose Mountain Creek, Assiniboia.
Rance: Assiniboia to Washington and Idaho.
‘SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “Spokane to Colville,” Wilkes Expedition in 1838-1842.

3. Sisyrinchium birameum sp. nov.

Loosely tufted, 40 to 50 cm. high, the herbage discolored in drying; stems smooth,
erect, winged, the principal ones branched above, 1 to 2 mm. broad; leaves firm, erect,
rather few, about half the height of the stem, 2 to 3 mm. broad, acute; cauline leaf when
present 8 to 10 mm. long, the two peduncles usually exceeding it; bracts of the spathe
subequal, lanceolate, purplish, the inner 2 to 2.5 em. long, always shorter than the pedicels,
the outer often of the same length, sometimes a half longer, both hyaline-margined and
attenuate-acute; flowers 2 to 5 on slender, erect pedicels; perianth dark blue with a yellow
eye, its segments 12 to 15 mm. long; stamineal column 5 to 6 mm. long; ovaries glandular-
puberulent; capsules globose, 4 to 5 mm. broad; seeds black, foveolate, 1 mm. long, the
angles irregularly winged.

Collected in swamps near Vancouver, June 5, 1905, no. 4926, the type in the National
Herbarium. The species is closely allied to S. idahoense Bicknell, but its frequently
branched stems scarcely permit its association therewith. Typical S. idahoense occurred,
however, in drier ground near by and it is possible that our plant is merely a luxuriant
branched form of that species.

204 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

4. Sisyrinchium idahoense Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 445. 1899.

Type Locairy: Kootenai County, Idaho. Collected by Leiberg.

RanG_E: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3883; Prosser, Henderson 2543; Ellensburg,
Whited 453; Pullman, Piper 1684; Hull 608; Elmer 213, 825; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 78;
Satus, Cotton 1119; Vancouver, Piper 4938.

ZONAL DistripuTION: Arid Transition.

This species was formerly considered the same as the eastern S. mucronatum Michx.,
under which name several references to our flora occur.

5. Sisyrinchium segetum Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 449. 1899.

TYPE LocaLity: Seattle, Washington.

Rance: Washington and Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Humptulips, Lamb 1176; Admiralty Head, Piper, May 27, 1898;
Seattle, Piper, May, 1892; Meany 196; Coupeville, Gardner 283; Tacoma, Flett 187;
Olympia, Henderson 2542.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Very near S. idahoense, but perhaps distinct by its narrower and thinner leaves and
stems.

HYDASTYLUS.
Pedicels 10 to 15 mm. long; leaves 2 to 5mm. broad... ......-.-.------ 1. HH. brachypus.
Pedicels 15 to 20 mm. long; leaves 1 to 3 mm. broad.................. 2. H. borealis.

These two supposed species are very similar and probably not distinct. Heretofore they
have been referred to Sisyrinchium californicum Ait., a species that does not occur so far
north. More material of these two forms is necessary to determine their status.

1. Hydastylus brachypus Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 379. 1900.

Type Locauiry: “Oregon.’’ Collected by E. Hall.

Rance: Coasts of Oregon and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1251; Westport, Henderson, June, 1892; Gran-
ville, Conard 410.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Hydastylus borealis Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 378. 1900.
Tyre Locatiry: Whatcom County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Coast of Washington and Vancouver Island.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner 411; Suksdorf 1004.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

OLSYNIUM.

1. Olsynium grandiflorum (Dougl.) Raf. New Fl. Am. 1: 72. 1836.

Sisyrinchium grandiflorum Dougl. Bot. Reg. 16: t. 1364. 1830.

Type Locauity: “Near the Great [Celilo] Falls of the river Columbia.” Collected by
Douglas in 1826.

Ranae: British Columbia to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 279; between Ellensburg and Wenache,
W hited 58; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Klickitat River, Flett 1112; Hangman
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 34; Pullman, Moore, May, 1893; F-lmer 74; Piper, April, 1894,
June, 1893; Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 133; Spokane, Piper.

SN et a ee ae ee ee ne ee, ee

—

ee ee ee ee

_ ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 205

ORCHIDACEAE. Orcuip FAmILy.

Perfect anthers 2; lip large, sac-like.........-...----------- CyprirEpiuM (p. 205).
Perfee! anther 1.
Plants saprophytic, without green herbage.

Flowers spurred, reddish ov white. ..-.-...--------- CorALLORUIZA (p. 206).

Biowers syurless, Winte. <>. .05-2...e<tedtce sa teats CEPHALANTHERA (p. 206).
Plants with ordinary green herbage.

Flower and leaf solitary; plant bulbous..........-..- CyTHEREA (p. 207).

Flowers several to many in racemes.
Leaves only two.
Both leaves cauline; lip 2-lobed...-...--.-- Opurys (p. 207).
Both leaves basal; lip entire.........--.-- Lerrorcuis (p. 208).
Leaves more than two. eae
Cauline leaves reduced to bracts.
Basal leaves several, white-reticulated... Peramium (p. 208).
Basal leaves two, green and shining. ... Lystas (p. 208).
Cauline leaves not reduced to bracts.
Anther on the face of the column.
_ Stem leaves abruptly reduced; lat-
eral sepals adnate to the base of

THO ND sa ican see hes sca ce sci PipERiA (p. 208).
Stem leaves gradually reduced; lat-
eral sepals freo.-.......:--+...-< Limnorcuts (p. 209).
Flowers spirally arranged ina dense
BPRGcic atic cue pane Sais oa ec Isipium (p. 211).
Anthers on the summit of the column.
Flowers in a loose leafy raceme. - - - - Epipactis (p. 211).

CYPRIPEDIUM. Lapy’s sLiprrer.

Lip about 1 cm. long; flowers greenish brown ........---.----------- 1 C. fasciculatum.
Lip 1.5 to 5 em. long; flowers not greenish brown.
Flowerd:yéllow= lip‘ 1-6 to S chi longs 3.5.55 one aas see eee tenes 2. C. parviflorum.
Flowers brown, with a white lip 3 to 5 em. long.........-------- 3. C. montanum.

1. Cypripedium fasciculatum Kellogg; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 177: 380. 1882.

Tyre Locauiry: “On the White Salmon River above the falls,’ Washington. Collected
by Suksdorf.

Ranae: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 900, 310, May, June, #886; Wen-
ache Region, Brandegee 1095. -

2. Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 1: 77. 1791.

TYPE LocALity: “Sponte nascentem in Virginia.”

Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland south to Washington, Missouri, and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Sandberg & Leiberg 125; Suksdorf 946; Spo-
kane, Piper, May, 1897; Henderson 2478.

Our western form corresponds to C. flavescens DC. in Redoute, Lil. 1: pl. 20. 1802,
questionably distinguishable by somewhat narrower leaves and with the lip a little com-
pressed laterally.

3. Cypripedium montanum Dougl.; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 528. 1840.
Type Locauity: “Hab. in America boreali-occidentali.”” Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 572; Wenache Mountains,
Whited 152; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Kalispel Valley, Kreager in 1902; Mount

e

206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Carlton, Kreager 285; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 623;

Pullman, Carl Cozier, June, 1901; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

CORALLORHIZA. Corat root.

Spur none; petals and sepals purple, veiny..........-.-.-.------.-- 1. C. striata.
Spur present. —
Petals and sepals pale, l-nerved; spur very short................ 2. @. corallorhiza.
Petals and sepals 3-nerved; spur prominent.
Spur wholly attached to the ovary................-.....-.. 3. C. multifiora.
Spur free; for its apical hall cic os 65.58 e<dasecscc ewes eweee 4. C. mertensiana.

1. Corallorhiza striata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 534. 1840.

Type Locauiry: “Hab. in America boreali-occidentali.”” Collected by Douglas.

RanGe: British Columbia to New York, south to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 276; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898;
Tacoma, Flett 53; Roy, Allen, May 19, 1889; near Fort Vancouver, Douglas; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 59; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 785.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 448. 1880-83.

Ophrys corallorhiza L. Sp. Pl. 2: 945. 1753.

Corallorhiza innata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 5: 209. 1813.

Tyre Locatiry: Europe.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Nebraska, and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 579; Larm River, Suksdorf 171;
Blue Mountains, Horner 469; Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

3. Corallorhiza multiflora occidentalis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 534. 1840.

Tyre Locauiry: California.

RanGE: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2553; Chehalis County, Lamb 1163;
upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 33; Mount Ranier, lett 280; Admiralty Head, Piper, May,
1898; Olympia, Henderson in 1892; Roy, Allen, June, 1889; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
1896; Horner 468; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Big Meadow, Kreager 414, 420.

ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

4. Corallorhiza mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 165. 1832.

Tyre Locauity: Sitka. ;

Rance: Alaska to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2554; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1292; Mount
Constitution, Psi ibe July, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen 234; Skamania County,
Suksdorf, July 25, 1886; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

CEPHALANTHERA.

1. Cephalanthera austinae (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. ed. 2. 4. 1900.

Chloroea austinae A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 83. 1876.

Cephalanthera oregana Reichenb. Linnaea 41: 53. 1877.

Type Locauity: “Banks of a wooded ravine in the Sierra Nevada, California, near Quincy
in Plumas Co.”’ Collected by Mrs. R. M. Austin.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

ee
7we nt Me

~

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 207

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley,-Allen 149; Elbe, Flett 289; Falcon Val-
ley, Suksderf 500; Wind River, Flett 1109; Blue Mountains, Piper 2428; Green River Hot
Springs, Piper in 1887.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

CYTHEREA.

1. Cytherea bulbosa (L.) House, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 382. 1905. CaLypso.

Cypripedium bulbosum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 951. 1753.

Calypso borealis Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 89. 1806.

Cytherea borealis Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 301. 1812.

Calypso bulbosa Oakes, Cat. Vermont PI. 28. 1842.

Calypso bulbosa “forma occidentalis” Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 8: 251. 1895.

Calypso occidentalis Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 193. 1898.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Lapponia, Russia, Sibiria.”

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Michigan, and Maine.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Piper, May, 1898; Seattle, Piper 193; Tacoma,
Flett 111; Olympia, Cooper; Roy, Allen, April 19, 1889; Blue Mountains, Horner 467.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

The western form of this species has the hairs on the lip white instead of yellow. It
grows commonly in places carpeted by Hypnum, but we have never found it occurring in
Sphagnum, as it does in the New England States.

OPHRYS.
Rmmniats Very enore, 0 MUA IONG S55 cena vcs oe coker amaseciee ances 1. O. cordata.
Column 2 to 3 mm. long.
LAO . IORE* OFAFY PIS DrOUD) 2. .s— >. cteesoons soo aeons 2. O. caurina.
hip 9 mm. long; ovary glandular. . ... 2 .<2.--4---22-22- on 3. O. convallaridides.

1. Ophrys cordata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 946. 1753.

Listera cordata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 5: 201. 1813.

Listera nephrophylla Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 108. 1900.

Tyre Locauity: ‘“ Habitat in Europae frigidae sylvis humentibus.”’

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Lamb 1093; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall
in 1859; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leibery 780;
Ilwaco, Piper 4951; Seattle, Piper in 1885.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Ophrys caurina (Piper) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 610. 1905.

Listera caurina Piper, Erythea 6: 32. 1898.

Listera retusa Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 155. 1900.

Type Locatiry: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Type collected by Henderson.

Range: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2548; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1295; Mount
Baker, Flett 865; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2326; Green River Hot Springs, Pies 380;
igiipede Pass, Benthson, July, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

3. Ophrys convallarioides (Sw.) W. F. Wight, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 380. 1905.
Epipactis convallarioides Sw. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. II. 21: 232. 1800.
Listera convallarioides Torr. Comp. 320. 1826.

Type Locaity: “E. Terra Nova Amer. sept.”
Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to California and Vermont.

208 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Big Creek Prairie, Lamb 1402; near Mount Rainier, Smith,
August, 1890; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 641; Blue Mountains, Piper 2426;
Davis ranch, Kreager 301.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

LEPTORCHIS.

1. Leptorchis loeselii (L.) MacM. Met. Minn. 173. 1893.
Ophrys loeselii L. Sp. Pl. 2: 947. 1753.
Liparis loeselii Richard, Mem. Mus. Par. 4: 60. 1818.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Sueciae, Borussiae paludibus.”
Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, south to Missouri and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 25, August, 1881.

PERAMIUM.

1. Peramium decipiens (Ilook.). RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN,

Spiranthes decipiens Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 203. 1839.

Goodyera menziesii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 492. 1840.

Peramium menziesii Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 124. 1894.

Tyre Locatitry: Lake Huron.

Range: British Columbia to Quebec, south to California and New York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2547; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Railroad Creek, Elmer 860; Nisqually Valley, —
Allen 32; Skagit Pass, Lake & [Hull 786; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Davis ranch,
Kreager 209; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 340.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

LYSIAS.

1. Lysias orbiculata (Pursh) Rydberg in Britton, Man. 294. 1901.

Orchis orbiculata Pursh, Fl. 2: 588. 1814.

Habenaria orbiculata Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: t. 145. 1825.

Platanthera menziesii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 286. 1835.

Tyre vocauity: “On the mountains of Pennsylvania and Virginia.”

RanGe: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Washington and North Carolina.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Baker, Flett 867; Monte Cristo Lake, Misses Coffin &
Goodspeed, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Green River Hot
Springs, Piper in 1887; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 342.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

PIPERIA.

Spur short, slightly exceeding the-lip .. 5.22. < 01226. 2005+-2.50-5s% 1. P. unalaschensis.
Spur slender, 2 to 3 times as long as the lip.
Lip linear to lanceolate.
Spike loose; lip 4 to 5 mm. long; spur 8 to 10 mm. long.... 2. P. leptopetala.

Spike dense; lip 6 mm. long; spur 15 to 18 mm. lon... .-- 3. P. multiflora.
Lip ovate to ovate-lanceolate.

Spike usually loose; stems 40 to 70 em. high......-...----- 4. P. elegans.

Spike very dense; stems stout, 20 to 30 em. high. ....----- 5. P. michaeli.

1. Piperia unalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901.
Spiranthes unalaschensis Spreng. Syst. 3: 708. 1826.
Habenaria schischmarefiana Cham. Linnaea 3: 29. 1828.
Habenaria foetida Wats. Bot. King Explor, 341. 1871.
Tyee Locatity: “Ins. Aleut.’

a is ee tee ao Veet

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. . 209.

Rance: Alaska to California, eastward to Alberta and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2552; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; McAllisters Lake,
Henderson, June, 1892; Brooklyn, Savage 19; Twisp River, Whited, July, 1896; Nason
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 617; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 568; Mount Rainier,
Allen; Klickitat River, Henderson, August, 1892; Wind River, Flett 1111; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.
1

2. Piperia leptopetala Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 637. 1901.
Type Locaity: ‘Mountains east of San Diego,” California. Collected by Parry.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nisqually River, Wilkes Expedition 146; Point Orchard, Piper
1081 in part.
This supposed species may prove to be only a form of P. elegans.

3. Piperia multiflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 638. 1901.

Type Locauity: Grays Harbor, Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition.

Rance: Washington to California and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition in 1838-1842; Cascade Moun-
tains, Brandegee 475.

Like the preceding, this may have to be reduced to P. elegans. Good suites of specimens
in this group are needed to clear up the species.

4. Piperia elegans (Lindl.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901.

Platanthera elegans Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 285. 1835.

Habenaria elegans Boland. Cat. Pl. San Franc. 29. 1870.

Piperia elongata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901.

Type Locatity: “Hab. in America boreali-occidentali.”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 275, 271; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895;
Seattle, Piper, August, 1891; Tacoma, Flett, June 20, 1896; Mount Adams, Henderson 68;
Rock Island, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Haven’s ranch, Henderson, August 2, 1892; Simcoe
Mountains, Howell 352; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 647a; Blue Mountains, Piper
August 2, 1896; Johns Island, Lawrence 199.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5. Piperia michaeli (Greene) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 640. 1901.

Habenaria michaeli Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 306. 1894.

Type Loca.ity: “Open hills, under oaks, etc., from near Livermore southward,’ Cali-
fornia. ; ;

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition 1554 in part; Nisqually River,
Wilkes Expedition 146 in part.

LIMNORCHIS.

Flowers green or sometimes purple-tinged.
Spur clavate, much shorter than the lanceolate lip; spike

LOG WHE NO, SoS oa et on ohae Soa re wee AS be awe le 1. L. stricta.
Spur not clavate, about as long as the lanceolate lip; spike ;
GHOtE BNO UCSC ide ion a pcs ck ysau op taaccsces ces ay Ln VIRIGIIONG
Flowers white or whitish.
Lip linear; spike loose, few-flowered........-.-.-.-.-..- 3. L. laxiflora.

Lip lanceolate, broadest at base.
29418—06 M 14

210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Spur clavate, usually shorter than the lip........... 4. L. dilatata.
Spur not clavate, longer than the lip.
Spike moderately dense; spur acutish. ..-...- -- - 5. L. leucostachys.
Spike very dense; spur obtuse................. 5a. L. leucostachys robusta.

1. Limnorchis stricta (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 105. 1900.

Platanthera stricta Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 288. 1835.

Habenaria gracilis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 277. 1877.

Type cocauity: ‘‘In America boreali-occidentali.”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Alaska to Washington and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2549; Mount Rainier, Smith 874; Piper
2094; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck; Seattle, Piper,
June, 1889; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 76; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 41; Wind River, Flett 110; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 624 in part; Ellens-
burg, Whited 532; Stampede Pass, Henderson, October, 1892; Simcoe Mountains, Howell
302; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 647; ilwaco, Piper 5001; Kreager 189; Green
River Hot Springs, Piper 415.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian.

2. Limnorchis viridiflora (Cham.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 616. 1901.
Habenaria borealis viridiflora Cham. Linnaea 3: 28. 1828.
Type vocauity: “In Unalaschka.”
Rance: Alaska to Washington and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 452.
Perhaps not distinct from L. hyperborea (L.) Rydb. (Habenaria hyperborea R. Br.), to
which it has been referred.

3. Limnorchis laxiflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 630. 1901.
Type Loca.ity: Coast Mountains, Oregon. ;
RanGe: Washington and Oregon to Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Eastern Washington, without locality, Wilkes Expedition.

4. Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydberg in Britton, Man. 294. 1901.

Orchis dilatata Pursh, Fl. 2: 588. 1814.

Habenaria dilatata Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: t. 95.1825.

Habenaria borealis Cham. Linnaea 3: 28. 1828.

Type Locauity: Labrador.

RanGeE: Alaska to New England, Colorado, and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Stevens Pass, Whited
1840; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1213; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2298.

5. Limnorchis leucostachys (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 106. 1900.
Plaicnthera leucostachys Lind]. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 288. 1835.
Habenaria leucostachys Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 134. 1880.
Type wu cavity: “In ora occidentali Americae septentrionalis.”” Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Alaska to California and Utah.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2551; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull,
July, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 188; Salmon River, Blue Mountains, Horner 462.
ZONAL MSTRIBUTION: Transition. ;

5a. Limunorchis leucostachys robusta Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 626. 1901.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Washington.’”’ Collected by G. R. Vasey in 1889.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 291, July, 1897; Olympia, Heller 4046; Kincaid,
July, 1896; Nisqually Valley, Allen 75; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 624 in part; Wenache
region, Tweedy, July, 1883; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 576; Ellensburg, Whited
532, 698; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1356; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 195; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL PISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Zit

IBIDIUM.
Lip much dilated at the apex, the basal swellings small--..-..--. - 1. I. romanzoffianum.
Lip little dilated at the apex, the basal swellings large - - - - - -- Breer 2.1. porrifolium.

1. Ibidium romanzoffianum (Cham.) House, Muhlenbergia 1: 129. 1906.

Spiranthes romanzofiana Cham. Linnaea 8: 32. 1828.

Gyrostachys romanzofiiana MacM. Met. Minn. 171. 1892.

Gyrostachys stricta Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 107. 1900.

Type Locatity: “ Unalaschka.”

Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to California, Colorado, and New York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 272; Cascade Mountains 49°, Lyall in
1859; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Haven’s ranch, Henderson, August, 1892;
Tacoma, Flett 125; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Stevens Pass, Whited 1439; without locality,
- Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Horner 471; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 337; without locality,
Cooper; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1888.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This species was referred to Spiranthes cernua in Hooker’s Flora and in Cooper’s Report.
Subalpine forms of it from sphagnums bogs are much smaller and with short spikes.

2. Ibidium porrifolium (Lindl.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 610. 1905.
Spiranthes porrifolia Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 467. 1840.
Gyrostachys porrifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 664. 1891.
Type Loca.ity: “In Louisiana.” —
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, September 3, 1881.

EPIPACTIS.

1. Epipactis gigantea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 202. t. 202. 1839.

Type cocauity: “N.W. America. On the subalpine regions of the Blue and Rocky
Mountains. Douglas. Columbia River, about Fort Vancouver. Dr. Scouler.”’

Rance: Washington to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2550; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg
453; near Priest Rapids, Brandegee 1091; Spokane County, Suksdorf 240; Seattle, Tar-
leton; Lake Crescent, Lawrence 301.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

SALICACEAE. Wuttow Faminy.

mtemens lL: to. bin outs; bracts entire: ....525 “uc. osc eccoceccct cee SaLix (p. 211)
Stamens numerous; bracts fimbriate....... 2-2-0. eee ee seen ences _ Poputus (p. 217).

SALIX. WILLow.

Trees with furrowed bark; stamens 5 or more; aments on short leafy
branchlets.

Petioles slender, glandless; leaves broadly lanceolate .....-..- - 1. S. amygdaloides.
Petioles short, bearing glands; leaves narrowly lanceolate.
Leaves pale beneath, attenuate from the middle........... 2. 8. lasiandra.

Leaves green beneath, long, attenuate nearly from the base. 2a. S. caudata.
Shrubs, rarely trees, with smooth or at least not furrowed bark; sta-
mens 2 or 1.
Stamen 1; aments appearing before the leaves; leaves very silky
DENeALNy ONtMTG2.a6 Abckirns ote en een ae ee oe elas oe 21. S. sitchensis.
Stamens 2.
Scales of the aments pale; leaves narrow, appearing before
the aments.

212 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Stigmas long and slender.
Leaves canescent, becoming glabrate.........--.- 3. S. sessilifolia.
Leaves silvery-velvety on both sides.............. 7. S. macrostachya.
Stigmas short and thick.
Capsules pubescent............-...--..-.-.-.-..- 5. 8. argophylla.
Capsules glabrous.
Leaves canescent, at least when young, entire .
or denticulate............-- soci tase OP BU emgua.
Leaves green, glabrous, pale beneath; usualy
prominently serrate......... Liens 4. S. melanopsis.
Scales of the aments dark (pale in s. ‘Sdiisas): eaten ap-
pearing with or after the aments.
Capsules glabrous.
Low shrub; leaves entire..........-....-------- 8. S. myrtilloides.
Taller shrubs; leaves serrulate.
Leaves not shiny above nor glaucous beneath,
MONCONGRLG. isn ee Suk oe oe a spe eS on ek 9. S. cordata.
Leaves glaucous beneath, shining green above, _ ‘
YOR IAUIONIRLO So 5 os xn ong n:49 Raids eee eee 10. S. piperi.
Capsules pubescent.
Tall shrubs or trees, not alpine.
Aments sessile, appearing with or before the
leaves.
Scales black.
Style none.
Capsule pubescent. .......-..-.-- 11. S. scouleriana.
Capsule tomentose............. 12. 8. hookeriana.
Style elongate............-.......- 18.8. bella.
Scales pink-or pele. ou... 22). 262 .02-55- 14. 8. bebbiana.
Aments peduncled, appearing with the narrow
MOR VOR Ls oe cciewasned hee veies aba ct en 2 15. S. geyeriana.

. Low alpine shrubs.
Stems erect, 1 to 2 meters high.
Leaves glabrous above, glaucous beneath. 16. S. barclayi.

Leaves pubescent on both sides.........- 17. S. commutata.
Stems prostrate.
Leaves acute at each end........-.-.--- 18. S. tenera.

Leaves obtuse, reticulate-veiny.
Leaves | to 3cm. long, aments many-

MOWOOE:, 3552555255 22 5e0e Fs 19. S. saximontana.
Leaves .5 to 1 cm. long, aments 3 to
PERO WORN a oes tae seston sacs 20. S. nivalis.

1. Salix amygdaloides Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 53. 1858.
Type coca.ity: ‘Fort Pierre, Missouri.”
Rance: British Columbia to Quebec, southward to New York, Texas, and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 20 and 22, 1883; Yakima
County, Tweedy in 1882; Wawawai, Piper 1932, 3591; Almota, Piper 1776.
ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Salix lasiandra Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335. 1857.
Salix lasiandra lyallii Sarg. Gard. & Forest 8: 463. 1895.
Salix lyallii Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 580. 1898.
Type Loca.ity: “Ad flumen Sacramento,” California.
Rance: British Columbia to California.

yee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. DATE

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3856; Clallam County, Elmer 2429; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 20, 1886; Cowlitz, Engelman & Sargent, August 16, 1880;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 109; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 12, 1892; Stehekin,
Griffiths & Cotton 191.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Hooker (FI. Bor. Am. 2: 148) erroneously referred our plant to S. lucida Muhl.

2a. Salix lasiandra caudata (Nutt.) Sudw. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 43. 1893.

Salix pentandra caudata Nutt. Sylva 1: 61. 1842.

Salix fendleriana Anders. Ofv. Vet. Akad. Foerh. 15: 115. 1858.

Salix lasiandra fendleriana Bebb in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 84. 1880.

TYPE LocaLity: ‘“‘By streams in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains toward their
western slope, in Oregon, and also in the Blue Mountains of the same territory.”

Range: British Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 332; Wenache, Whited 1044; Cottonwood
Creek, Vasey in 1901; Thorn Creek, Vasey in 1901; Mabton, Cotton 369; Cascade Mountains,
Watson 368; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 111; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 197;
Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 197; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 17, 1896; Waitsburg,
Horner 449, 450; Pullman, Elmer 835; Piper 1775; Hull 768; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 539; North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 60.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

8. Salix sessilifolia Nutt. Sylva 1:68. 1842.
Type Loca.ity: ‘On the rocky borders of the Oregon at the confluence of the Wahlamet.”
This species is included in Suksdorf’s list, but we have seen no Washington specimens.
As it is abundant at the mouth of the Willamette, however, it will certainly be found on the
north bank of the Columbia.

4. Salix melanopsis Nutt. Sylva 1: 78. 1842.

Typr Locauity: “At Fort Hall * * * on the alluvial lands of Lewis River,’
Idaho. Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie Falls, Piper & Smith 614; Yelm Prairie, Piper,
August 5, 1889; Trout Lake, Suksdorf 36, 38, 37; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 35; North
Yakima, Elmer 1081; Conconully Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 315; Peshastin, Sandberg &
Leiberg 480; Spokane, Piper 3522; Wawawai, Piper 2915, 3597, 3593.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

5. Salix argophylla Nutt. Sylva 1: 71. 1842.

Tyre Locatity: “On the Boise River, ure its junction with the Shoshonee,”’ Idaho.
Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 34,6; North Yakima, Hender-
son, May 26, 1892; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 276; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 528;
Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 134; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

6. Salix exigua Nutt. Sylva 1:75. 1842.
Type Loca.ity: “A native of the territory of Oregon.’”’ According to Nuttall this species

_ grows with S. fluviatilis Nutt. on “the immediate border of the Oregon below its conflu-

ence with the Wahlamet.”’

Rance: Washington, Oregon, Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 333; Crab Creek, Lake & Hull 767; Thorn
Creek, Vasey in 1901; Pullman, Piper 3585; Almota, Piper 3586; Wawawai, Piper 3596,
1774, 3594.

214 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

_ Zona pistriputTion: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.
This differs from S. argophylla only in its glabrous capsules, and intermediate examples
are abundant.

7. Salix macrostachya Nutt. Sylva 1: 72. 1845.

Tyre Locauity: “On the banks of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington and probably Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Piper 2916, 3592, 3595.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

A very rare species. All the above specimens are staminate, no pistillate bushes having
been seen.

8. Salix myrtilloides L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1019. 1753.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Suecia septentrionali.”’

Rance: Arctic regions southward to Washington and Connecticut. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 672; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892;
Flett 1348; Henderson in 1883; MecAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; White Salmon,
Suksdorf in 1879.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ¢

This species dccurs only in sphagnum bogs.

9. Salix cordata Muhl. Neue Schr. Ges. Naturf. Berlin 4: 236. 1803.

Type Locauity: Pennsylvania.

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsyl-
vania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 559; North Yakima, Henderson, May 26, 1892;
Wenache, Whited 1014, 1020; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey in 1901; Thorn Creek, Vasey in
1901; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901; Spokane Valley, Watson 373; Hangman Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg 29, 6, 11; without locality, Brandegee 1080; Almota, Piper, May 29,
1894; Pullman, Piper 3588; Elmer 111; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 14; Wenache Moun-
tains, Griffiths & Cotton 109; Conconully, Griffiths ad Cotton 318; Riverside, Griffiths &
Cotton 369.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

10. Salix piperi Bebb, Gard. & For. 8: 482. 1895.

Type Locauity: Seattle, Washington.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1004; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Olympia, Hender-
son, August 23, 1892; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888; Spokane, Piper, September 3, 1896;
Pullman, Piper 1777, 3587, 3598; Columbia River, Suksdorf in 1886.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

All the Washington specimens that have been referred to S. lasiolepis bigelovii (Torr.)
Bebb seem to belong rather to S. piperi, which is perhaps only of subspecific rank.

11. Salix scouleriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 145. 1838.

Salix flavescens Nutt. Sylva 1: 65. 1842.

Saliz nuttallii Sargent, Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895.

Salix capreoides Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1858.

Type Locauity: “North West America,on theColumbia. Dr.Scouwler. Fort Vancouver.
Tolmie.”

Rance: Vancouver Island to Assiniboia, south to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 1267; Thorn Creek, Vasey in 1901; Cotton-
wood Creek, Vasey in 1901; Wenache, Whited 7; Larm River, Suksdorf 24, 25; White
Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Seattle, Engelmann & Sargent, July 18,
1880; Piper in 1890; without locality, Brandegee 1084; Spokane Valley, Watson 367, 372;
Spangle, Piper 3012: Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, September 1, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake

ee

’
a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 215

& Hull, August 24, 1892; Almota, Piper 1931; Pullman, Piper 2923; Elmer 84; Waitsburg,
Horner 448; °

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

An exceedingly variable species as to foliage and habit, but in floral characters apparently
not capable of being divided. In rich soils it often becomes a tree 10 to 20 meters high
and 15 to 40 cm. in diameter. The young leaves and bark have a peculiar fetid odor.
Owing to the fact that Tolmie’s specimens were a mixture of this species and of S. sitchensis
Sanson, some botanists have discarded the name scouleriana. It is, however, not probable
that the real types, namely, Scouler’s specimens, were similarly a mixture, hence the action
is not justifiable. Barratt’s original types seem to be lost.

12. Salix hookeriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 145. 1838.

Type Locatity: ‘‘ Near the Grand Rapids of the Sashatchewan, rare. Douglas. North-
west Coast of America. Scouler.” The former locality is doubtless erroneous.

Rance: Near the seashore, Vancouver Island to southwestern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor City, Lamb 1035; Cohasset Beach, Lamb 1126;
Long Beach, Henderson, September 6, 1891; Seattle, Piper 887.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

13. Salix bella Piper, Bull. Torr. Club. 27: 399. 1900.

Type LocaLity: Garrison, Whitman County, Washington.

Rance: Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1342; Spokane, Piper 3517; Garrison,
Henderson, October 14, 1895, August 18, 1895, May 5, 1896, April 4, 1896; Piper 2922,
3590; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 11, August, 1886.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

14. Salix bebbiana Sargent, Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895.

Salix rostrata Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 753. 1823, not Thuill. 1799.

Tyre Locauity: British America, latitude 54° to 64°.

Rance: British Columbia to Ontario southward to Pennsylvania and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lower Fraser Valley, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 21, 43, 44; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey in 1901; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 325; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August 6, 1892; Spokane,
Watson 370; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1860; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 12; Pull-
man, Piper 1772, 3589; Elmer 72; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains,
Griffiths & Cotton 105; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 309; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths &
Cotton 428.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

15. Salix geyeriana Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 63. 1858.

Salix macrocarpa Nutt. Sylva 1: 67. 1842, not Trautv. 1832. .

Type Loca.ity: ‘Hab. Missouri v. Oregon.”’ Collected by Geyer.

RanGeE: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 673; Olympia, Henderson in 1892; upper Nis-
qually, Allen 107; Olympia, Henderson in 1892; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888; Atanum
River, Flett 1345, 1352; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf; Columbia banks, Nuttall.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

16. Salix barclayi Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 66. 1858.

Salix conjuncta Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 18: 111. 1888.

Type Locauity: Kodiak, Alaska.

Rance: Alaska to Montana and Oregon. .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2427; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2163, 700; Smith 701; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Suksdorf ;
Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 721; Skamania County, Suksdorf 22; Bridge Creek,
Elmer in 1897; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1530.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian.

216 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

17. Salix commutata Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 110. 1888.
Tyre Loca.ity: Alpine bogs, Eagle Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier,
_ Smith, August, 1890; Cascade Mountains, 1,940 meters altitude, Tweedy; Stevens Pass,
Sandberg & Leiberg, 757.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian.

17a. Salix commutata mixta nom. nov.

Salix commutata sericea Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 18: 111. 1888, not S. sericea Muhl.

Tyre Locauity: “North side of Mt. Hood,” Oregon.
- Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1890; Flett 112; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake & Hull 765.

17b. Salix commutata denudata Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 111. 1888.

Tyre Locaity: Eagle Creek meadows, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 7'weedy in 1882.

Salix commutata differs in but slight and seemingly inconstant characters from S. barelayi.
Additional material and field study is needed to clear up their relationships.

18. Salix tenera Anders.; DC. Prod. 16?: 288. 1864.
Type Locauity: ‘“ Ad Cascade Mountain, Lat. 49°, alt. 7,000 ped.” Collected by Lyall.
RanGe: Cascade Mountains, Washington and British Columbia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; mountains north
of Ellensburg, Brandegee 1083; Mount Rainier, Flett 2118.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

19. Salix saximontana Rydberg, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 261. 1899.
Tyre Locatity: Grays Peak, Colorado.
Rance: Washington and Montana to Colorado and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Fett 2119.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.
Probably not specifically distinct from S. nivalis.

20. Salix nivalis Hook. FJ. Bor. Am. 2: 152. 1839.
Type Locauity: “Near the summits of the peaks in the Rocky Mountains.”
Rance: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 2278.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

21. Salix sitchensis Sanson in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 162. 1832.
Salix cuneata Nutt. Sylva. 1: 66. 1842.
Tyre Loca.ity: Sitka.
Rance: Alaska to middle California, eastward to the Blue Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2428; Seattle, Piper 557; Smith in 1889;

Tacoma, Fleit 31; Nisqually, Allen 108, White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Atanum River,
Flett 1346; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 31; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 24; Skagit Pass,
Lake & Hull 809; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 720; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May,
1893; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 72; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896;
Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 243.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

SaLIx CHLOROPHYLLA Anders. Vet. Acad. Handl. Stock. 6: 138. 1867. Imperfect. speci-
mens of a willow collected by Suksdorf on Mount Adams, July 31, 1883, and in the
mountains of Skamania County, September 6, 1883, are referred to this species with much
hesitation.

Toy

eh Ae eee eee y ene en

i ies

Se

ae oe

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 47

SaLix CINEREA L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. 1753. Anderson refers thus, but doubtfully, a
specimen collected by Geyer (no. 636) in “thickets along rivulets, Columbia River Valley
near Fort Colville,’ said to be “15-20 feet high, shrubby.”” Hooker ® calls the same
specimen S. grisea? We have not seen the specimen, but suspect it to be a form of S.
bebbiana.

SaLix LonerroLiA Muhl. does not occur in our limits, all such references pertaining to
closely related species.

POPULUS.
Bark smooth; petioles flattened; capsules oblong-conic, smooth - -... -. - 1. P. tremuloides.
Bark rough; petioles terete; capsule globose, hairy -.........-.-.--.--- 2. P. trichocarpa.
1. Populus tremuloides Michx. Fl. 2: 243. 1803. ASPEN.

Type Locarity: “Hab. in Canada et Noveboraco.”

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Pennsylvania, Missouri, New Mexico, and
California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 391; Darling Mountains,
Fleit 1350; Pullman, Piper; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 104.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

Two apparently distinct aspens occur in eastern Washington and we suspect that neither
is good P. tremuloides. The herbarium material is, however, very imperfect and the settle-
ment of the problem must await more field study and better collections.

2. Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray; Hook. Icon. 9: ¢. 878. 1852. CoTronwoop.

Populus balsamifera y Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 154. 1839.

TypPr LocaLity: Santa Clara River near Buenaventura, California. Collected by Parry.

-Ranee: British Columbia to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 394; Atanum River, Flett
1343; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1343; Spokane, Piper, July 26, 1896; Colfax, Piper,
August 2, 1896; Almota, Piper 1791; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 69.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

In Cooper’s report this tree was referred to Populus angustifolia James, a species that is
not known in Washington.

Popuus BALSAMIFERA Ait. has several times been ascribed to Washington, but there
are no specimens to substantiate the ascription, all thus referred so far as seen being
P. trichocarpa.

MYRICACEAE. Sweet GALE FaAmIy.

MYRICA.
Leaves evergreen, 5 to 10 cm. long; tree 3 to 6 meters high... -.--.-.-- 2. M. californica.
Leaves deciduous, 2 to 5 cm. long; shrub about 1 meter high......... 1. M. gale.
1. Myrica gale L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1024. 1753. SWEET GALE.

Type Locauiry: Europe.

Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to Washington, Michigan, and New York.
Asia. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Weiser Lake, Suksdorf 1003; Ilwaco, Henderson 2164; Seattle,
Piper in 1887.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

2. Myrica californica Cham. Linnaea 6: 535. 1831.
Type Locatity: “ Ad portum sancti Francisci Californiae.”
Rance: Seacoasts, Washington to California.

a Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1858. b Kew Gard. Mise. 7: 372. 1855.

218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cohasset, Lamb 1122; Ilwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892;
Westport, Heller 394; Henderson, June 26, 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4952.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

BETULACEAE. Bircu Famiry.

Frait a -nut/ melosed in a. leafy involucre.c...25.5..545 6. ./sceceecoes cs sae oases CoryYLus.
Fruit cone-like, without involucre.
Cone: scales d6cidueusa scene enna eee ene ce ee oe naar Breru.a.
Cone ecales persmtenG « o.5.- a< ose sls Se hd cca $c tied cnitt wean eewen eee ALNUS.
CORYLUS.
1. Corylus californica (A. DC.) Rose, Gard. & For. 8: 263. 1895. HAzeEL.

Corylus rostrata californica A. DC. Prod. 17?: 133. 1864.

Corylus americana Walt. err. det. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12*: 68. 1860.

Tyrer LocALiry: Santa Cruz, California.

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3971; Seattle, Piper 189; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 1214; Sumas, Lyall; Fort Colville, Watson; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Box
Canyon, Kreager 410; Kettle Falls, Beattie & Chapman 2191.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

BETULA. Bincn.

Branchlets glandular-warty.

Shrub about 1 meter high; leaves glabrous ..............-.---.- 1. B. glandulosa.
Shrub or tree 3 to 6 meters high; leaves sparsely pubescent. -. - - - 3. B. microphylla.
Branchlets not glandular-warty; tree with gray bark...........-...-- 2. B. occidentalis.

1. Betula glandulosa Michx. Fl. 2: 180. 1803.

Type Locauiry: ‘Circa lacus, a sinu Hudsonis ad Mistassins.”’

Rance: Oregon and Colorado to New England and northward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Seattle, Piper,
May 25, 1891; Tacoma, Fleit 29; Steilacoom, Piper 183; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June
22, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1344.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian? Always found in sphagnum bogs.

2. Betula occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2 : 155. 1839.

Betula piperi Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 31 : 165. 1904.

Type Locaity: “Straits of De Fuca.” Collected by Scouler.

Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gulf of Georgia, Henderson in 1888; Everson, Piper, September,
1892; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-59; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859;
Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 5, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; ten miles
southwest Pullman, Piper 3807.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This is the Betula lutea Michx.? of Suksdorf’s List.

A variable tree as it occurs in Washington and perhaps only a subspecies of the eastern
B. papyrifera. Typical occidentalis occurs in northwestern Washington, where it is a rather
dark-gray barked tree, occasionally 3 feet in diameter. The very similar tree in Stevens
County and in the Blue Mountains is somewhat smaller in size and often white-barked.. The
name Betula piperi was meant by its author to apply to the third unnamed species in the

~ Flora of the Palouse Region, but the specimen actually cited is the eastern Washington form
of B. occidentalis Hook.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. - 219

3. Betula microphylla Bunge, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2 : 606. 1835.

Betula fontinalis Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 31 : 239. 1901. -

Type Loca.ity: “Hab. ad Tschujae ripam in deserto curaico,”’ Siberia.

Rance: British Columbia to Alberta, south to California and New Mexico. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1003; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 790; Spokane,
Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 76; Pullman, Elmer 882;
Touchet River, Waitsburg, Piper, July 19, 1896; Almota, Piper 1642, April 20, 1895;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; ten miles southwest of Pullman, Piper 3808, 3806; Con-
conully, Griffiths & Cotton 317; Wenache, Griffiths & Cotton 149; Colville Reservation,
Griffiths & Cotton 380.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

The Almota specimens form the basis for the third unnamed species in the Flora of the
Palouse Region. This is a tall graceful tree with drooping branches, appearing very dif-
ferent from the ordinary form of B. microphylla, and probably distinct from it.

ALNUS. ALDER.

Leaves simply denticulate, not at all lobed. -...........-------.----- 1. A. rhombifolia.
Leaves doubly dentate and more or less lobed.
Peduncles slender, longer than the cones; shrub with shining leaves. 2. A. sinuata.
Peduncles shorter than the cones; leaves dull.
Winter buds acute; leaves rusty pubescent‘on the veins beneath. 3. A. oregona.
Winter buds obtuse; leaves pubescent but not rusty. ..-.-.-- 4. A. tenuifolia.

1. Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. Sylva 1: 33. 1842.

Type Locaity: Monterey, California.

RanaeE: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 224; Satus Creek, Brandegee 1078; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Almota, Piper 1635, May 2, 1897; September 9, 1896; Wa-
wawai, Piper ; Elmer 896. ,

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Alnus sinuata (Regel) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 190. 1897.

Alnus viridis sinuata Regel in DC. Prod. 26?: 183. 1868.

Type Looaity: Kamchatka.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Seattle, Piper,
July 4, 1897; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1341; Olympia, Henderson; Steilacoom, Cooper; Silverton,
Bouck 168; Nisqually Valley, Allen 309; Klickitat River, Flett 1347; Chambers Lake,
Henderson, June 20, April 10, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 609; Bridge Creek,
Elmer 711; Blue Mountains, Piper 2415; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Stehekin, Griffiths
& Cotton 218.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian to Transition.

A species of wide altitudinal range, most abundant along subalpine streams, but occa-
sionally occuring at sea level. It is usually a shrub, but sometimes truly arborescent. It
has been confused with the eastern A. viridis DC.

3. Alnus oregona Nutt. Sylva 1: 28. 1842. RED ALDER.

Alnus rubra Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 162. 1837, not Betula-alnus rubra
Marsh. 1785. ‘i

Type Locauity: “In our progress to the west we first observed this tree on the borders
of the Rivers Boisee and Brulee, which pass into the Shoshonee not far from Walla Walla,
and at intervals it continues more or less common to Point Chinook, near the shores of the
Pacific.” Nuttall has here confused two species, as A. oregona occurrs only west of the
Cascade Mountains.

Rance: Alaska to middle California in the coast region.

220 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2759; Hoquiam, Lamb 1022; Olympia,
Henderson, August 23, 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 211; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2184. _

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

For illustration see Plate VIII, facing page 41.

4. Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. Sylva 1: 32. 1842.

Alnus incana virescens Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 81. 1880.

Alnus occidentalis Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 2: 158. 1892.

Type Locaity: “On the borders of small streams within the range of the Rocky Moun-
tains, and afterwards in the vallies of the Blue Mountains of Oregon.”

Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin Creek, Watson 363, October 16, 1880; Peshastin, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 543; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2193, 2183; Ellensburg, Whited 256; Elmer
413, July, 1897; Wenache, Whited 52, 1002; Atanum River, Flett 1351; Pleasant Valley,
Lake & Hull, August 2, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896, September 3, 1896; Blue
Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Pullman, Piper, August, 1896, January, 1896; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 226.

ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

FAGACEAE. Berecu Famiry.

Involucre 1-flowered, becoming a scaly cup........-...--------- eee Quercus.
Involucre 1 to 3-flowered, becoming a prickly bur..........-.-.-.-..-.-- CasTANOPSIS.

QUERCUS. Oak.

1. Quercus garryana Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 159. 1839.

Quercus jacobi R. Br. Campst. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 7: 255. 1871.

Quercus gilberti Greene, West Coast Oaks 77. pl. 37. 1889.

Type vocauity: “ Plentiful on plains near Ft. Vancouver, on the Multnomah, and at
Puget Sound.”

Rance: Vancouver Island to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Swauk, Watson 365; White Salmon, Suksdorf 308; Tampico,
Flett; near Mount Adams, Cotton 1495; Seattle, Piper; Steilacoom, Piper; Fairhaven, Piper
in 1892; Bingen, Piper 6453, 6454.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

Professor Greene considers the Washington-British Columbia form as a different species
from that of California, but if this is so, it is the California plant that should have its name
altered, as all the above names belong to the northern plant. Quercus gilberti is the low,
often prostrate, oak occurring about the Gulf of Georgia and locally known as vine oak. It
is remarkably variable in foliage, but no fruiting specimens have been found. In sheltered
places it assumes the ordinary form of Q. garryana.

For an illustration of this species see Plate IX, facing page 42.

CASTANOPSIS.

1. Castanopsis chrysophylla (Dougl.) A. DC. in Seem. Journ. Bot. 1: 182. 1863.
Castanea chrysophylla Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 159. 1839. ;
Type Locauity: “On the Grand Rapids of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas.
RanGE: Washington to middle California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Moffatt’s Springs, Skamania County, Gorman, May 15, 1904, the
only known station north of the Columbia River.

emt ot ope thet Od

:
:
4
4
4

ee ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 221

ULMACEAE. Ex» Fancy.

CELTIS.

1. Celtis douglasii Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 293. 1848. HACKBERRY.

Type Locauity: “In aridis scopulosis regionem interiorum, secus flumen Columbia.”
Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 39; Snake River region, Bran-
degee 1073; Almota, Piper, May 2, 1897; Wawawai, Elmer 1016; Piper 1511 and October,
1893. ;

ZONAL. DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

Our tree has been referred to both C. occidentalis L. and C. reticulata Torr. It is perhaps
only a geographical race of the former. Ordinarily it is a very scraggly tree, with very
scabrous leaves, commonly distorted by insect work. In irrigated land, however, it is a
graceful and attractive tree, the leaves becoming thinner, darker green, and much less
rough.

The Wilkes Expedition specimens are said to have been collected at Port Discovery,
but this is probably an error.

URTICACEAE. Nerrrie FaAmIty.

Leaves opposite, possessing stinging hairs........-.--....-.------------- Urtioa.

Leaves ‘alternate; no stinging hairs. -.:... 2... ...........-.---.------.-- PABRIBTARIA.
URTICA. Nerrte.

Leaves soft-pubescent on both sides. ...-.....-...----------+-+----- 1. U. holosericea.

Leaves glabrous above, sparsely pubescent beneath.........-.------- 2. U. lyallit.

1. Urtica holosericea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 183. 1847.

Type Locatity: “Near Monterey, Upper California.”’

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SpecmMENS EXAMINED: Yakima County, Henderson 2498; west Klickitat County, Suks-
dorf 1381; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Almota, Piper, September 9, 1896;
Union Flat, Piper 3045; Wawawai, Piper 1509.

ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Urtica lyallii. S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 348. 1875.

Type Locaity: “In the Cascade Mts. in lat. 49°.”” Collected by Dr. Lyall.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3920; Clallam County, Elmer 2760; Seattle,
Piper 2316; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Ellensburg, Brandegee 1075; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 58; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 709; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 654; Spo-
kane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Blue Mountains, Lake 654; Piper, July 17, 1896; Union Flat,
Piper 3046; Pullman, Piper 3046, 1510; Clarks Springs, Kreager 42.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

Washington specimens referred to U. gracilis Ait. belong here, as does the specimen
listed by Suksdorf as “U. breweri(?).’’ Specimens from the immediate seacoast tend to
have thicker, more deeply cordate leaves, but this character is apparently due to mari-
time influences and is not sufficient to distinguish the plant.

PARIETARIA.

1. Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4?:-955. 1805.
Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Pennsylvania.”

Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward to Florida and Mexico.
4

222 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 487; without locality, Brandegee 1076;
Almota, Lake & Hull 707; Piper 1507; Wawawai, Elmer 755.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

LORANTHACEAE. Mistieror Famnrry.

RAZOUMOFSKYA.
Staminate flowers paniculate, simi all terminal on distinct
peduncle-like joints -- es esmaaees = -------- lL. R. americana...
Staminate flowers tecsian simple or compound spikes.
Stems'stout,'5 to 19.cm. high. .<.5 5-/..5600 sscexewsccexs 2. R. campylopoda.
Stems short, 1 to 4 cm. high bac a donee doe te sinaecmaane 3. R. douglasii.
On: 7 atgn ROMO ORIG 6. cao ax do's cs ek wen bance eea 3a. R. douglasii tsugensis.
Cen Barer CGGtMiet . ano cd norsk aki kenncsacns 3b. R. douglasii laricis.
a ADIGE GORING. Soe ase sne sees sc sata 3c. R. douglasii abietina.

1. Razoumofskya americana (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 587. 1891.

Arceuthobium americanum Nutt.; Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 214. 1850.

Type Locauity: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Big Klickitat River, Henderson 2539, 2538; Falcon Valley, Suks-
dorf 211; near Ellensburg, Brandegee 1069; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

Common on Pinus contorta, but apparently only east of the Cascade Mountains.

2. Razoumofskya campylopoda (KEngelm.).

Arceuthobium campylopodum Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 214. 1850.

Arceuthobium occidentale Engelm. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 107. 1880.

Tyre Locauity: “Oregon, on Pinus ponderosa.”’ Collected by Geyer. The specimens
are from north Idaho or northeast Washington, as Geyer did not collect in Oregon proper.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1364, 672; Peshastin, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 593; Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1895; Sandberg, McDougal, & Heller 925;
Spokane Valley, Watson; Railroad Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Medical Lake, Elmer
1246.

ZONAL pistriBuTION: Arid Transition.

Common on Pinus ponderosa, often forming large clusters. The staminate plants are
yellow, the pistillate olivaceous. It is locally more or less well known as “snappers,”
owing to the explosive fruits.

3. Razoumofskya douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 587. 1891.

Arceuthobium douglasii Engelm. in Rothr. Bot. Wheeler Surv. 253. 1878.

The typical form of this species occurs on Pseudotsuga mucronata. This occurs from
Idaho to Arizona and New Mexico. Doubtless it will be found in Washington also, The
forms on Tsuga, Larix, and Abies are apparently distinct, at least in their host relations,
but satisfactory morphological characters to separate them have not been detected. They
' may conveniently be considered as subspecies.

3a. Razoumofskya douglasii tsugensis (Rosendahl).

Razoumofskya tsugensis Rosendahl, Minn. Bot. Stud. III. 2: 272. 1903.

Type Locauity: “ West coast of Vancouver island.”

RanGE: British Columbia and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper 663; Nisqually Valley, Allen
303.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Locally abundant on 7'suga heterophylla, causing large ‘“‘ witches-brooms.’’

Se

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 223

3b. Razoumofskya douglasii laricis subsp. nov.

Ranee: Washington and Idaho on Larix occidentalis.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 2536; near Ellensburg, Brandegee
1071.

ZONAL DistRiBuTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

8c. Razoumofskya douglasii abietina (Engelm.).
Arceuthobium douglasii abietinum Engelm. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 106. 1880.
Type Loca.ity: Sierra Valley, California.
Range: Washington to California and Utah.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2246, on Abies grandis.

SANTALACEAE. SANDALWOOD FAMILY.

COMANDRA.
Flowers many, corymbosely-clustered; leaves pallid.
Leaves oblong; irutt: globular. <. 2022522 2ccse sosesiscsesesc5e-- 1. C. umbellata.
Leaves linear-lanceolate; fruit ovoid ................-..---------- 2. C. pallida.
Flowers few on axillary peduncles; leaves green. ............---------- 3. C. livida.

1. Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. Gen. 1: 157. 1818.

Thesium umbellatum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 208. 1753.

Type Loca.ity: ‘ Habitat in Virginiae, Pensylvaniae pascuis siccis.”’

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador southward to California and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 103; White Salmon, Suksdorf 494, 614;
Fort Vancouver, Tolmie.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Comandra pallida A. DC. Prod. 14: 636. 1857.

Type Loca.ity: “Prope Clearwater,’’? Idaho. Collected by Spalding.

Rance: British Columbia to Manitoba, Texas, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1032; Henderson, May
26, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1073; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Whited 335; Morgans
Ferry, Suksdorf 615; Cheney, Tucker in 1890; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1861; Pasco, Hind-
shaw 26; Piper 2990; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 326; Sprague, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 154; Kamiak Butte, Sandberg, McDougal, & Heller 499; Piper, July 20,
1899; Almota, Piper 1650; Wawawai, Piper, May 19, 1894; Hull, June 4, 1892; Elmer
772; Kettle Falls, Beattie & Chapman 2206.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

The nuts of this plant are sweet and edible. Where abundant, they form a favorite
food for hogs.

3. Comandra livida Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 734. 1823.

Type Locatity: “In shady mossy woods. Not seen to the northward of Great Slave
Lake.”’

Rance: Washington to Vermont and northward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Box Canyon, Kreager 386.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Brrruwortr Faminy.

ASARUM.

1. Asarum caudatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17: under pl. 1399, 1831. WILD GINGER.
Asarum hookeri Fielding, Sert. Plant. pl. 32. 1844.
Asarum canadense 8 Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 139. 1838.

224 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type Locauity: “In pinetis prope arceem Vancouver’’—that is, Fort Vancouver, Wash-
ington. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2834; Silverton, Bouck 154; Tacoma,
Flett 58; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 60; Skohomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Fal-
con Valley, Suksdorf 493; mouth of the Pend Oreille, Lyall in 1860; Nason Creek, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 625; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
without locality, Cooper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

POLYGONACEAE. Buckwueat Famity.

Flowers not involucrate; stipules sheathing.
TORVGS TORMOETS MADRE 2s ace eoacev es smash shee e- Oxyria (p. 224).
Leaves not reniform; sepals 6.
Sepals unequal, the inner becoming much larger; stigmas
PULA oe eee Soe ee oe eas Stas ee aasece vedere ee Rumex (p. 224).
Sepals equal; stigmas capitate ...............:...-...- Pouyeonum (p. 226).
Flowers.involucrate; stipules wanting.
Involucre 1-flowered, coriaceous, its teeth cuspidate, often

TOMB: cee cine exch is cieaeanas Hanns kesmaeens Cease CHORIZANTHE (p. 239).
Involucre several-flowered.
Teeth of the involucre awn-pointed........-......-.--- OxyTHECA (p. 239),
Teeth of the involucre unarmed. ..........-.---.----- Er1oconum (p. 233).
OXYRIA.
1. Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew. 158. 1768. MOouUNTAIN SORREL.

Rumezx digynus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 337. 1753.

Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis, Wallicis.’’

Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to New England, Colorado, and California. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2685; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2104; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake & Hull 653; Bridge Creek, Elmer 692; Loomis, Elmer 563.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

RUMEX. Dock.

Flowers dioecious; leaves hastate; small species. .
Inner sepals not longer than the granular akene...........-.. 1. R. acetosella.
Inner sepals longer than the smooth akene...............-.. 2. R. paucifolius.

Flowers not dioecious; leaves not hastate; coarse species.
Outer sepals without tubercles.

Fruiting sepals cordate, 2 to 5 cm. long; leaves flat... ...- 3. R. venosus.
_ Fruiting sepals ovate, 4 to 9 mm. long.
- Leaves flat, pale, lanceolate, rounded at base......... 4. R. hesperius.
Leaves crisped, oblong, truncate at base..........--- 5. R. occidentalis.

Outer sepals, or some of them with tubercles.
Sepals entire or nearly so.

Leaves flat: all-lancéolates 52255. Se ceccee<st55s Sreng 6. R. salicifolius.
Leaves undulate, the lower cordate.
Panicle leafy; pedicel longer than the fruit... --. - 7. R. crispus.

Panicle not leafy; pedicel not longer than the fruit. 8. R. conglomeratus.
Sepals with slender teeth. :
Annual; tubercles 3; pedicels very short............. 9. R. persicarioides,
Perennial; tubercle 1; pedicels long............---.. 10. R. obtusifolius.

—— ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. yes)

1. Rumex acetosella L. Sp. Pl. 1: 338. 1753. SHEEP SORREL.

Type Locauity: Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July 2, 1894.
A troublesome weed throughout the State, especially in poor soils.

2. Rumex paucifolius Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 49. 1834.

Rumex engelmanni geyeri Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 64. 1856.

Rumezx geyeri Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 78. 1892.

Type Locatity: ‘Near Flat-Head River.’’ Collected by Wyeth.

Range: British Columbia to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 448; Wenache region, Brandegee
1068; Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Flathead River, Wyeth; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1192.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

8. Rumex venosus Pursh, Fl. 2: 733. 1814.

Type Locatity: “In Upper Louisiana.’’ Collected by Bradbury.

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Missouri and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1224; Sunnyside, Cotton 382; North Yaki.na,
Flett 1058; Pasco, Hindshaw, May 25, 1896; Piper 2983; Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg,
274; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 28;
Almota, Piper 1549, 2940; without locality, Vasey 124; Moxee, Griffiths & Cotton 37.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

4. Rumex hesperius Greene, Pittonia 4: 234. 1901.
Type Locauity: ‘Bottom lands near Bingen, Washington.” Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2259.

5. Rumex occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 253. 1876.

Type Locairy: ‘From Alaska to Northern California, eastward to the Saskatchewan
and Labrador, and southward in the mountains to Colorado and New Mexico.”’

Range: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg
447; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1401, 604; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 650; Pull-
man, Piper 1548; Mount Carlton, Kreager 200.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

In the older. botanical works our plant was usually referred to R. domesticus Hartm. It
is probable, too, that the name R. domesticus nanus @ also belongs to our species, in which
case it has priority.

6. Rumex salicifolius Weinm. Flora 1821: 28. 1821.

TypE Locauity: “In California.”’

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Florida and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, lett 93; west Xlick-
itat County, Suksdorf 1402; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &

_ Leiberg 329; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 651; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 651; Pullman,

Piper, July 24, 1893.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

7. Rumex crispus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 335. 1753. YELLOW DOCK.
Type Locatity: Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Were 1252; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 400;
Pullman, Piper, July, 1894.

a Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 129. 1838.
29418—06 m——15

226 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

8. Rumex conglomeratus Murr. Prod. Fl. Goett. 52. 1770.
Tyre Locatity: None given, but European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 257; Seattle, Piper 627.

9. Rumex persicarioides L. Sp. Pl. 1: 335. 1753.

Type Locaity: “In Virginia.”

Rance: British Columbia to New. Brunswick, southward to California, New Mexico, and
Virginia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2684; Whidby Island, Gardner 256; Seat-
tle, Piper 714; Silver Lake, Henderson 2423; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Ophir,
Elmer in 1897; Alma, Elmer, 1897; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 652; Alkali Lake, Sandberg &
Leiberg 411; Southbend, Spillman, Aug. 17, 1899; without locality, Cooper; Mission,
Kreager 484; Meyers Falls, Kreager 500.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

10. Rumex obtusifolius L. Sp. Pl. 1: 335. 1753.
Tyre Locauiry: “Habitat in Germania, Helvetia, Gallia, Anglia.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1888.
A common and troublesome weed in western Washington.

Rumex acetosa L. is included in Suksdorf’s list, but we have been unable to secure any
evidence that it occurs in the State.

POLYGONUM.
Stems twining; leaves cordate.
Outer calyx segments winged in fruit; akenes shining. .. .. . 1. P. dumetorum
Outer calyx segments not winged; akenes dull..........-..- 2. P. convolvulus.

Stems not twining; leaves not cordate.
Leaves small, usually narrow; stems wiry.
Blades of the leaves jointed on the pedicels.
Perennial with woody rootstocks; seashore plant.. 3. P. paronychia.
Annuals; roots fibrous.
Plants prostrate.
Akenes not longer than the calyx... ...-- 4. P. aviculare.
Akenes protruding from the calyx....... 5. P. fowlert.
Plants erect or ascending.
Flowers in rather dense terminal bracteate
spikes.
Bracts oblong, white-margined. .. .. . 6. P. polygaloides.
Bracts lanceolate, green.
Styles nearly obsolete; akenes

brown, smooth .-............ 7. P. kelloggit.
Styles evident; akenes black,
SUINGO se pees on ccs 7 = 8 E, Conse Aor.
Flowers axillary, or in loose or interrupted
spikes.
Leaves rather broad, scarcely reduced
upward.
Tall, branched throughout; style
DNR: he Fs Seo aes rete 9. P. erectum.

0. P. minimum.

—

Low alpine plant; style 3-parted.
Leaves narrow, decidedly reduced
upward.
: Flowers in virgate, much elon-
gated, loose spikes.

'
<_<" sy — or a.

Ft ek

T=. -

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF, WASHINGTON .

227
Fruiting pedicels erect.
Stout; akenes dull._..- 11. P. ramosissimum.
Slender; akenes smooth,
shining............. 12. P. sawatchense.
Fruiting pedicels reflexed.
Flowers campanulate, 2
to 3 mm. long... _.. 13. P. douglasii. :
Flowers —_ funnel-form,
3.5 to 4.5 mm. long.. 14. P. majus.
Flowers in interrupted, but rather
close spikes.
Style 3-cleft; filaments slen-
Ger. ce seessaeetecsecs LD. P. spengulanacforme.
Style 3-parted; filaments
GiAbOat Kee, eee 16. P. nuttallir.
Blades of the leaves not jointed on the pedicels.
Segments of the ocreae rigid........-.-..------.- 17. P. greenei.
Segments of the ocreae not rigid .........-.---.- 18. P. parryi.
Leaves comparatively large; flowers mainly terminal.
Perennials.
Styles 3; plants with thick roots.
Flowers in a single dense spike-like raceme;
styles long.
Raceme thick not bulbiferous; akenes
SINGGUN. cocoa teas oe eee 19. P. bistortoides.
Raceme slender, often bulbiferous; akenes
Mulia aoe acai ees eae adage 20. P. viviparum.
Flowers in racemes or panicles; styles short;
alpine plants.
Racemes mainly axillary; leaves pubes-
CONC eee re ee ee eee a eee 21. P. newberryi.
Racemes panicled.
Leaves ovate; akene ovoid.......... 22. P. phytolaccaefolium
Leaves lanceolate; akene obovoid.... 23. P. alpinum.
Styles 2; aquatic or swamp plants with flowers in
spike-like racemes.
Ocreae fringed at the spreading summit... _._- 24. P. hartwrightii.
Ocreae not fringed nor spreading.
Leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse..-.......- 25. P. amphibium.
Leaves ovate, acuminate............... 26. P. emersum.
Annuals; flowers in several spike-like racemes.
Styles 3-cleft; akenes 3-angled................... 27. P. hydropiperoides.
Styles 2-cleft; akenes lenticular.
Ocreae naked; racemes drooping.
Akenes broad; style 2-cleft.........-...- 28. P. lapathifolium.
Akenes narrow; style 2-parted........-.. - 29. P. incarnatum.
Ocreae bristly-ciliate.
Calyx not glandular; raceme dense... __-- 30. P. persicaria.
Calyx glandular; racemes interrupted.
Racemes erect..........---.--.---- 31. P. punctatum.
Racemes drooping..........-----.- 32. P. hydropiper.

1. Polygonum dumetorum scandens (L.) Gray, Man. ed. 5. 418. 1867.
Polygonum scandens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 364. 1753.
Type Loca.ity: ‘ Habitat in America.’

228 CONTRIBUTIONS -FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858. Perhaps the locality is east of
Washington.

2. Polygonum convolvulus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 364. 1753. BINDWEED.
Tyre Locauiry: Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August 1895; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull
648; Pullman, Piper 1842; Almota, Piper 1815; Wawawai, Piper, July 31, 1893; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 143.

3. Polygonum paronychia Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 51. 1828.

Tyre Locauity: ‘Ad portum S. Francisci Novae Californiae in arenosis littoralibus.

RANGE: Seashores, British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2680; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Oyhut,
Lamb 1256; Port Angeles, Piper 2304; Whidly Island, Gardner 263; Ocosta, Henderson,
June 26, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Polygonum aviculare L. Sp. Pl. 1: 362. 1753.

Tyre Locatity: Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 644; Almota, Piper 2652, 1841;
Pullman, Piper 1550.

5. Polygonum fowleri Robinson, Rhodora 4: 67. 1902.
Type Locatiry: New Brunswick.
RANGE: Seashores, New Brunswick to Virginia; British Columbia to Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 2861; Port Angeles, Piper 2305,
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6. Polygonum polygaloides Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 101. 1856.

Tyre Locauiry: Clearwater River, Idaho. Collected by Spalding.

Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rockford, Watson 341; Spokane, Henderson 2421; Leiberg 23;
Spokane County, Suksdorf 431; Pullman, Piper 1551.

ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Polygonum kelloggii Greene, Fl. Fran. 134. 1891.

Polygonum imbricatum Nutt. Am. Nat. 7: 665. 1873, not Raf. Fl. Tellur. 3: 16. 1836.

Polygonum watsoni Small, Mon. Polyg. 138. 1895, as to synonymic type.

Type Locauity: “Frequent in the mountains, alpine and subalpine, from Colorado to
Oregon and Northern California.”’

Rance: Washington to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Mount Cleman, Hen-
derson 2422; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1188; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 608; Klickitat County,
High Prairie, Suksdorf 2286; Skamania County, Suksdorf 897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

8. Polygonum confertiflorum Nutt. in herb.

Polygonum watsoni Small, Mon. Polyg. 138. pl. 56. 1895, as to description and figure, but
not as to synonymic type.

Type Locauity: Columbia Plains. Collected by Nuttall. Type in the Gray Herbarium.

Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, Colorado, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1045; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 478; Coulee
City, Piper 3901, 3902, 3903; Douglas County, Spillman; Pullman, Elmer 1008; Major
Creek, Suksdorf 2289; without locality, Vasey in 1883; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2286,
2289; Colville to Spokane, Wilkes Expedition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

=e

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 229

9. Polygonum erectum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 363. 1753.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Philadelphia.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima, Piper, July 9, 1897.

10. Polygonum minimum S$. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 315. 1871.

Type Locauity: “‘Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 9-11,000 feet altitude.”

Rance: Alaska to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympics, Piper 1085; Mount Rainier, Piper 2122; Goat Moun-
tains, Allen 264; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 605; Howell 421; east of Mount Adams, Flett
1047; Klickitat River, Flett 1042; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 799; Horseshoe Basin,
Elmer 725; Blue Mountains, Piper 2436, 2421.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

11. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Fl. 1: 237. 1803.

Type Locauity: “In regione Illinoense.”’

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico; Maine to
New Jersey near the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 475; Bingen, Suksdorf 1406; Yakima
City, Piper, July 9, 1897; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 450.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

12. Polygonum sawatchense Small, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 213. 1893.
Tyre Locarity: ‘‘on the Sawatch Range, Colorado.”
Rance: Washington to Dakota and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 19, 1886.

13. Polygonum douglasii Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 125. 1885.

Tyre Locauity: None cited.

Rance: British Columbia to Vermont, south to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2683; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2930;
Flett, July 21, 1897; Whidby Island, Gardner 260; Mount Rainier, Piper 2130; Lake Cush-
man, Piper 2240; Goat Mountains, Allen 263; Roane Adams, Suksdorf 607 ; Masois County,
Piper 903; Wenache, Whited, June, 1896; Ellensburg, Whited 541, 542; Harrington, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 216; Charleston, Piper 2263; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Pullman,
Piper 1853.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. J

This species was formerly mistaken for P. tenue Michx. and references to it appear in
the older works under that name.

13a. Polygonum douglasii montanum Small, Mon. Polyg. 118. 1895.
Polygonum tenue latifolium Engelm.; Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 75. 1864, not P.
aviculare latifolium Michx. 1803.
Polygonum douglasii latifolium Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 125. 1885.
Tyre Locatity: Colorado.
Rance: Washington,to California and Arizona.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 426, 427.

14. Polygonum majus (Meisn.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 63. 1901.

Polygonum coarctatum majus Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 101. 1856.

Type tocauity: “Ad flum. Columbia (Dougl.!) in mont. Scopulosis (Geyer n. 355!).”
The Geyer plant is really from the Kooskoosky River, Idaho.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf; Wenache, Whited 1298, 1127; Ellens-
burg, Elmer 386; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 434;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 212; Pasco, Hindshaw 31; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20,

230 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1897; Spokane River, Henderson, June 1, 1892; Spangle, Suksdorf 1409; Pullman, Lake &
Hull 647; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton 160.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

15. Polygonum spergulariaeforme Meisn.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 366. 1892.
Polygonum coarctatum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 133. 1838, not Willd. 1825.
Polygonum lineare Menzies; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 133. 1838, as synonym.

Type vocauity: ““N. W. America.” Collected by Menzies.
Rance: British Columb‘a to Oregon in the coast region.
SpxciMENS EXAMINED: Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 2047; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2125;

Seattle, Piper & Smith in 1888; Tacoma Flett; De Fuca. Dr. Scouler; Rockland, Howell.
ZONAL pisTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

16. Polygonum nuttallii Small, Mon. Polyg. 132. pl. 53, 1895.
Polygonum intermedium Nutt.; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 378. 1882, not Ehrh. 1791.
Tyre Locaurry: “On bluffs of the Columbia plains.’’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 2420; Lake Cushman, Piper
2241: Mount Constitution, Tenderson 2419; Evergreen, Conard 424; Stehekin, Gorman 737.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

17. Polygonum greenei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 295. 1879.

Type Locauity: “Plains of Shasta,’’ and “near Chico.’’ Collected by Greene and by
Mrs. Bidwell.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1002.

18. Polygonum parryi Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 99. 1881.
Type Locatiry: Yosemite Valley, California. Collected by Parry.
Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 609, 1410.

19. Polygonum bistortoides Pursh, Fl. 1: 271. 1814.

Polygonum bistorta oblongifolium Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 126. 1856.

Polygonum glastifolium Greene, Pittonia 5: 199. 1903.

Tyre Locatitry: “In low grounds on the banks of the Missouri, called Quamash-flats.”
Collected by Lewis. The date and locality on original label show the place to be what is now
Weippe, Idaho.

Rance: Subarctic regions, south to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2681; Mount Rainier, Piper, August 15,
1895; Allen 42; Silverton, Bouck 195; Klickitat River, Flett 1043; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
& Leiberg 748; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1413; Ellensburg, Whited 728; Horseshoe Basin,
Elmer 740; Lake & Hull 649; 6 miles east of Pullman, Lake & Hull, May 20, 1892; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Vancouver, Piper 4934.

ZONAL pistripuTION: Arid Transition as to the typical plant, but recurring in the
Arctic-Alpine meadows.

20. Polygonum viviparum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 360. 1753.
Type Locauity: Europe.
Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to New England and Colorado. Europe, Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

21. Polygonum newberryi Small, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 170. 1894.
Type Locatity: Cascade Mountains of Oregon at Crater Pass.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.

at bi Decal

ata aii

’ PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 231

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 305; Piper 2112; Mount Stuart, Elmer
1232, Brandegee 1066; Goat Mountain, Allen 127; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9,
1892; Suksdorf, September, 1877; Flett 1044.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

This species was formerly confused with the more southern P. davisiae Brewer, and
appears under that name in Suksdorf’s list.

22. Polygonum phytolaccaefolium Meisn.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 360. 1892.
Type Locauity: California.
Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 85; 10 miles north of Mount Adams,
Flett 1053.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic.

23. Polygonum alpinum foliosum (Keller) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 360. 1892.
Polygonum polymorphum foliosum Keller, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30: 49. 1891.
Type Locatiry: Mount Adams, Washington.
Rance: Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 610 in 1885; Howell & Henderson in
1882.

24. Polygonum hartwrightii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 294. 1870.
Type Locauity: ‘‘Sedgy bogs, New York from Herkimer to Yates County, and
Michigan.”
Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to California, Kansas, and Maine.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 482; Coupeville, Gardner 254; Seattle,
Piper 720; Smith, July 11, 1889; Spokane, Dewart, June 6, 1901; Davis Lake, Kreager 438.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

25. Polygonum amphibium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 361. 1753.

TypPe Loca.ity: Europe.

Rance: Alaska to Quebec, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsylvania. Europe,
Asia. :
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, August, 1892; Lake City, Flett 170; Lake Wash-
ington, Piper, August, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 432; Lake Conconully, Whited
1316; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; 6 miles east of Pullman, Piper, July 7, 1899; Lake
Kalispel, Kreager 338.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

26. Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 8: 73. 1889.

Polygonum amphibium emersum Michx. FI. 1: 240. 1803.

Polygonum muhlenbergii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 295. 1879.

Polygonum amphibium terrestre Torr. Fl. U.S. 1: 403. 1824.

Type Locauiry: ‘Ad ripas fluminis Ohio.”

Rance: Brtsh Columbia to New England, southward to Mexico, Louisiana, and Virginia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Western Washington, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Coulee City,
Lake & Hull 645; Rock Lake, Lake, August 3, 1893; Chelan, Elmer 857; junction Crab and
Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 328; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 646; Pullman, Piper 1829;
Uniontown, Henderson 2699; Prosser, Cotton 812.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

Prof. E. L. Greene considers the Polygonum emersum as generally understood to be an
aggregate of many species. Among these Elmer’s 857 is made the type of Persicaria
chelanica Greene.a Some other segregates of this and related species, namely, Persicaria
cusickii Greeneb and Persicaria oregana Greene ¢ occur in Washington and adjoining States.
‘This group of species should receive much careful field study.

c Op. cit. 31.

a Leaflets 1: 49. 1904. b Op. cit. 42.

232 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

27. Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. F]. 1: 239. 1803.

. Type cocauiry: “In Pennsylvania, Virginia, Carolina.”
Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Mexico and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 668, 56, 483.

28. Polygonum lapathifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 360. 1753.

Polygonum nodosum Pers. Syn. 1: 440. 1805.

Type cocauity: ‘Habitat in Gallia.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Southbend, Spillman; Alma, Elmer
540; Methow River, Whifed 11, 213; Ellensburg, Whited 596; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; White Salmon, Suksdorf; Squaw Creek, Cotton 870.

28a. Polygonum lapathifolium incanum (Schmidt) Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. 617. 1887.
Polygonum incanum Schmidt, Fl. Boem. 4: 90. 1795.
Tyre Locatity: Not ascertained.
Rance: British Columbia and Washington to Nova Scotia and New York, probably
introduced. :
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Usk, Kreager 360; Wawawai, Piper, August 24, 1894.

29. Polygonum incarnatum Ell. Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 456. 1817.

Tyre Locatiry: None given, but South Carolina and Georgia understood.

Rance: Vermont to Nebraska, south to Louisiana and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 406; Wawawai, Piper,
August 23, 1899.

The above specimens are in all probability introduced.

30. Polygonum persicaria L. Sp. Pl. 1: 361. 1753.

Type Locatity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Savage 47; Puyallup, Piper 2364; Tacoma, Flett 126;
Almota, Piper 2362.

31. Polygonum punctatum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 455. 1817.

Polygonum acre H. B. K. Nov. Gen. 2: 179. 1817, not Lam. 1805.

Type Locauitry: South Carolina and Georgia.

Rance: Temperate North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 484; North Yakima, Piper 1820; Linds-
leys Ranch, Clarke County, Henderson, September 6, 1892.

81a. Polygonum punctatum leptostachyum (Meisn.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19:
356. 1892.
Polygonum acre leptostachyum Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 108. 1856.
Tyre Locaitry: “In Amer. boreale et australi, praecipue tropica.”
Rance: The whole United States and southward.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-59; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
1412.

32. Polygonum hydropiper L. Sp. Pl. 1: 361. 1753.
Type Locatity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Puyallup, Piper 2320.

POLYGONUM PENNSYLVANICUM L. appears on Suksdorf’s list, credited to Klickitat County.
We have seen no Washington specimens.

PrEROSTEGIA DRYMARIOIDES Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 23. 1835. Type
locality, ‘In portu Bodega Novae Californiae.’”’ Included by Suksdorf in his list, but
he writes that he has seen no Washington specimens. A specimen in the Gray Herbarium
is labeled ‘Columbia, Tolmie.”

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 233

ERIOGONUM.

Flowers not stipe-like at base.—
Involucre nerveless; branches leafy; annual......--...-
Involucre distinctly nerved.
Outer perianth segments much broader than the inner.
Umbel simple, close; plants densely cespitose.
Involucre campanulate; flowers 3 to 4 mm.
Tong; ‘white of yellow 20.5026 cece ee ees
- Involucre turbinate; flowers 4.5 to 5.5 mm.
lOnEy WiNG, Ted Sess 2 =o see ee
Umbel compound; plants loosely cespitose.
Involucres in clusters; flowers white, yellow,

Involucres scattered, mostly solitary; flowers
white.
Plants erect or ascending ..........-.-
Plant decumbent. 220: coetes2 2-2 se -.
Outer perianth segments like the inner.
Shrub, much branched; leaves linear to oblanceo-

Annuals; stems wiry; leaves rosulate.
Involucre 3 mm. long.-.....--....---
Involucre 1 to 1.5 mm. long......---.-

Perennials.

Plants very dwarf and very leafy; pe-

duncles bearing a single involucre. -. -

Plants tall, not very. leafy; peduncles
bearing more than one involucre.

Peduncles stout, fistulous; involu-

‘cres 3 to 6 in each cluster.

Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, 5

tociS ems longo... 35 ose 33%

Leaves oblong or ovate, obtuse,

Pte) Sem. longs... cases

Peduncles slender, not fistulous; in-

volucres scattered in a loose

Flowers attenuate and stipe-like at base.
Perianth pubescent.
Involucre with reflexed lobes.

Prostrate or nearly so, only the flowering stems
upright; flowers cream color; leaves oblong
or spatulate, not revolute... .-.- - es

Erect, much branched; flowers bright Salon:
leaves linear or fiekrepatclsie often revolute.

Involucre with erect lobes or teeth.

Shrubby; leaves linear, revolute ..........-.---

Herbaceous; leaves oblong or obovate, not
revolute.

Flowers yellow; bracts 3 to8............-
Flowers purplish; bracts 2 -........-..-.--
Perianth glabrous.

1. EF. angulosum.

2. E. ovalifolium.

3. E. vineum.
4. E. proliferum.

5. EB. niveum.
6. E. decumbens.

7. E. microthecum.

11. EF. vimineum.
12. E. baileyi.

13. FE. minimum.

8. FE. elatum.

9. FE. nudum.

10. E. strictum.

14. E. douglasii.
15. E. sphaerocephalum.
16. E. thymoides.

17. E. piperi.
18. EF. pyrolaefolium.

234 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Leaves large, 2 to 8 cm. long, oblong-ovate, mostly

cordate; peduncles stout, naked. .........-..-.-.- 19. E. compositum.
Leaves smaller, never cordate; peduncles not naked.
Leaves narrow, tomentose on both sides... .--. . - 20. FE. heracleoides.
Leaves broader, glabrous or glabrate above.
Inflorescence a single involucre............. 21. E. tolmieanum.
Inflorescence umbellate.
Umbel simple.
Hinweis yollow <2. 5523 303 se0<%5 22. E. umbellatum.
Flowers cream-color -.....-.-..-- - 22b. E. umbellatum majus:
Umbel compound < 2.225 022205524555: 23. E, stellatum.

1. Eriogonum angulosum Benth. Trans. Linn Soc. 17: 406. 1837.

* ‘Type vocauity: California.
Rance: Washington to California and Arizona.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 438; Yakima region, Brandegee 1051.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 50. 1834.

Type Locauity: ‘Sources of the Missouri.’’ Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith 773; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 87; Flett
1051; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 827; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2682.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

3. Eriogonum vineum Small, Bull. Torr. Club 25« 45. 1898.

? Eucycla purpurea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. I]. 1: 166. 1847.

¢ Eriogonum purpureum Nutt.; Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 10. 1856.

Tyre Locatity: “California, near Rose mine, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 2,100
meters.”

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympics, Flett 127; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1221.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

4. Eriogonum proliferum Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 164. 1873.

? Eriogonum oblongifolium minus Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 113. 1856.

Tyre Locauity: “Idaho Mountains (Prof. O. Marcy, Prof. Swallow) to N. Fork of the
Columbia, Wilkes Expedition, Weenas Valley and Walla Walla, Lyall.”

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 537, 658, 668; Elmer 382, 1087, 391; Piper
2719; Wenache, Whited 147, 1245, 1169; Satus, Llmer 1072; Pasco, Hindshaw 36, 14; Piper
2956; Mount Cleman, Henderson; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 493; Snipes Mountain,
Cotton 386; North Yakima, Henderson 2426; Flett 1056; Watt; Steinweg; Leckenby; with-
out igcalite, Henderson 2428; Goldendale, Sudedort 440; Rattlesnake Mountains, Suksdorf
439; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 441; Wenas Valley and Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; without
Lccality, Vasey 145; between Bpipen River and North Fork of the Columbia, Wilkes
Expedition. ,

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

Apparently all the Washington specimens that have been referred to E. oblongifolium
belong to E. proliferum.

5. Eriogonum niveum Doug]l.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 414. 1837.
Eriogomum dichotomum Dougl.; Benth. op. cit. 415.
Type Loca.ity: “Valleys of the Blue Mountains.” Collected by Douglas.
Ranau: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

ee —

4 | li,

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 230

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 723, 1157; Similkameen Valley, Lyall in 1860;
Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 673; Coulee City, Henderson 2427; Loomis, Elmer 605; Alkali
Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 419; Clarks Springs, Kreager 123; without locality, Cooper in
1853; Spokane, Sandberg; Piper 2811 Suksdorf 945; Watson 349; Sandberg, Heller & Mac-
Dougal 903; Wawawai, Piper 1634, 1547; Waitsburg, Horner 433; Marcus, Kreager 463.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

We have been quite unable to distinguish two species, as did Douglas, based on differences
in degree of development of the bracts, and on the erect or spreading position of the calyx
teeth. :

6. Eriogonum decumbens Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 177: 415. 1837.

Eriogonum niveum decumbens Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 174. 1870.

Type Loca.ity: “Columbia River.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Leckenby; Sunnyside, Piper; without locality,
Douglas.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

This plant is perhaps only a subspecies of F. niveum, but its habit is quite distinct. It is
confined to sand hills where it forms large decumbent masses often 50 cm. in diameter.
The leaves also are broader than in EL. niveum.

7. Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. IT. 1: 162. 1847.

Type Locauity: “On the sides of hills in Oregon, east of Walla Walla.”’ Collected by
Nuttall.

Range: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Nebraska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 553; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg,
July, 1893; Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893;
Parker, Elmer 1078; North Yakima, Piper 1879; Henderson, October 5, 1892; Watt, August,
1895; without locality, Cooper; -without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kiona, Cotton 734.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

We have seen no Washington specimens referable to FE. corymbosum Nutt. and believe
that such references really apply to 2. microthecum.

8. Eriogonum elatum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 413. 1837.

Tyre Locarity: ‘Columbia River.’ Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, August, 1896; Ellensburg, Elmer 387; Whited
276; Piper, July, 1897; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 677; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Steinweg in 1894; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Rock Island, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 424; near Chelan River, Watson 347; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Tahlk
Plain, Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Umtanum Creek, Cotton 820.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

9. Eriogonum nudum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 413. 1837.
Type Locauity: “Plains of the Multnomah,” Oregon. Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North of Mount Adams, Henderson 2429.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

10. Eriogonum strictum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 414. 1837.

Type Locauity: ‘Columbia River.”’ Collected by Douglas. The original label gives
the locality ‘‘ Blue Mountains.”

Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Salmon River, Horner 432.

11. Eriogonum vimineum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 416. 1837.
Type Locaity: “Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas.

236 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1156; Ellensburg, Whited 665; North Yakima
Waitt, August, 1895; Pasco, Elmer 1057; Piper, July 11, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 584;
Wawawai, Piper 1546; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Prosser, Cotton 807.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

12. Eriogonum baileyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 348. 1875.
Type Locaity: Northwestern Nevada. * Collected by W. W. Bailey.
Rance: Washington to Arizona and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima, Howell in 1877; Vasey 147.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

13. Eriogonum minimum Small, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 47. 1898.

Type Locatity: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Collected by Brandegee, probably
on Mount Stuart.

RanGe: Known only by the type specimen.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Brandegee 372.

14. Eriogonum douglasii Benth. in DC. Prod. 14:9. 1856.

Tyee Locaitry: “In montibus Coeruleis, Gairdner! Douglas!”

Rance: Washington to California..

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 461; Whited 101; Ellensburg,
Whited 355, 642, 100; Piper 2706; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Tampico, Flett 1051;
mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 725; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 118; Cotton 1297.

ZONAL bisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

14a. Eriogonum douglasii ramosum subsp. nov.
Differs from the typical form in that the umbel is compound.
Foothills east of Ellensburg, Whited 643.

15. Eriogonum sphaerocephalum Dougl; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soe. 17: 407. 1837.

Tyre Locatity: “Columbia River.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Eastern Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 1083; Wenache, Whited 724, 1278; Yakima
River, Wilkes Expedition 936; Tampico, Flett 1054; Simcoe Valley, Lyall in 1860; Crab
Creek, Suksdorf 435; Wilson and Crab creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 319; without locality,
Douglas; Coulee City, Piper 3842; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 704; Umtanum Creek,
Cotton 814.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

15a. Eriogonum sphaerocephalum tenue (Small).

Eriogonum tenue Small, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 41. 1898.

Type Locatity: West Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Eastern Washington and perhaps eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 433, 307, 434, 694; eastern
Washington, Hilgard in 1882; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Wilson Creek, Lake &
Hull 672.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

16. Eriogonum thymoides Benth. in DC. Prod. 14:9. 1856-7.

Type Locauity: “Ad fl. Spokan in regione Oregon superioris.’’ Collected by the Wilkes
Expedition.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 76, 33, 1091; Ellensburg, Whited 648; Piper
2710; North Yakima, Henderson, May 2 and 26, 1892; Steinweg in 1894; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 361, 362; Pasco, Hindshaw 10; Bickleton, Suksdorf 432; Goldendale,

wshuihs

in

es

—_<

A Se re

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Zot

Henderson in 1882; Simcoe Hills, Lyall in 1860; Coulee City, Piper 3868; Douglas County,
Spillman, May 26, 1896; near mouth of Swauk, Watson 348; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg
167; Prosser, Cotton 59.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

17. Eriogonum piperi Greene, Pittonia 3: 263. 1898.
Type Locatity: Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Washington.
Rance: Washington to Montana.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2453.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

-18. Eriogonum pyrolaefolium coryphaeum Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 162
1870. ;

Type LocaLity: ‘Summit of the Cascade Mountains, about lat. 49° on the east side at
the height of 7,500 feet.”’ Collected by Lyall.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 206; Piper 2117; Piper & Smith 541;
Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Paradise Valley, Flett 261; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 86; Flett 1050; Howell & Henderson in 1882; Skamania County, Suksdorf’ 1419;
Cascade Mountains, Tweedy, August, 1882; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

19. Eriogonum compositum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 410. 1837.

Type Loca.ity: “‘Columbia River.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1149; Mount Rainier, Piper 2127; Flett 230;
Goat Mountain, Allen, September 20, 1893; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 1050; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 47, 437; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Vancouver, Nuttall; Colum-
bia River, Douglas; banks of Columbia opposite Wenache, Watson 351; without locality,
Brandegee 1048; Rock Island, Whited 1415; Ellensburg, Whited 560; North Yakima, Stein-
weg in 1894; Spokane, Leiberg 22; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 94.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

19a. Eriogonum compositum leianthum Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 12. 1856.

Type Loca.ity: “In regione Oregon superioris ad Clear Water (Spalding) ad fl. Spokan et
Kooskoosky (Geyer n. 470).”

Ranae: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, May 13, 1900, and 92; North Yakima, Steinweg
in 1894; mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 726; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 289; Wawawai, Piper 1883; Elmer 773; mouth of Methow
River, Watson 350; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892;
without locality, Cooper in 1853; North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton, June 1, 1902.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

This is distinguished from typical E.. compositum by having a smooth perianth.

20. Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 49. 1834.

Eriogonum heracleoides minus Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 11. 1856.

Type Locaity: “Sources of the Missouri.” Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: British Columbia to Nevada and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 389; Whited 5374; Wenache, Whited 122, 1090,
and June, 1896; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1057; Conconully, Whited 1314;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 404; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Wilson
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 268; Columbia interior, Douglas in 1826; Sprague, Lake & Hull
675; Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf 436 in part; Cheney, Tucker
in 1892; Cow Creek, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Dewart,
June 5, 1901; Pullman, Piper 1545; Lake & Hull 676; Blue Mountains, Piper, August,
1896; Spokane, Kreager 11; 2 days before Fort Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition.

238 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

ZONAL pistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

A form of this from the region of Mount Stuart, represented by Elmer’s 1096, Brandegee’s
1050, and Sandberg & Leiberg’s 813, is distinguished by having small compact umbels and
rather narrow lanceolate or lance-ovate leaves. 1t perhaps merits recognition as a
subspecies.

Another form of the species, which includes Watson’s 351, Whited’s 1149 and 1415, and
Brandegee’s 1048, is characterized by unusually small and broad leaves, 2 to 4 cm. long, and
small compact umbels of smaller flowers. Doctor Watson has labeled his specimen variety
simpler, under which name thé plant may be known.

20a. Eriogonum heracleoides angustifolium (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad.
8: 159. 1870.
Eriogonum angustifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. TI. 1: 164. 1847.
Tyre Locatity: “Western slope of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington, Oregon, Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bickleton, Suksdorf 436.

21. Eriogonum tolmieanum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 134. 1838.

Eriogonum umbellatum monocephalum Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 160. 1870.

Tyre Locaity: “Banks of the Walla Walla River, among Artemisia.” Collected by
Tolmie.

Rance: Washington to California?

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla River, Tolmie; Yakima region, Tweedy, October,
1882. .

22. Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 241. 1828.

Eriogonum latum Small; Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 121. 1900.

Tyee Locauity: ‘Near the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by James.

Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stehekin, Whited 1383; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1167;
Tumwater Canyon, Sandberg & Leiberg 521; Mount Adams, Flett 1049; Henderson, August
9, 1892; Big Klickitat River, Cotton 1476.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

22a. Eriogonum umbellatum hypoleium subsp. nov.
Leaves green on both sides, sparingly pubescent on the margins and petioles,
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whiled 727, July 17, 1898 (type, depos-
ited in the United States National Herbarium); Mount Stuart, E/mer 1192, August, 1898.

22b. Eriogonum umbellatum majus Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 11. 1856.

Eriogonum subalpinum Greene, Pittonia 3: 18. 1896.

Type Locaity: ‘In montibus scopulosis region. sup. fl. Platte, Sweetwater, etc. (Gordon,
Fremont, Burke, Geyer).”

RanGeE: Washington to Montana and Colorado. |

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Stuart, Elmer
1193; Mount Chapaca, Elmer 586; Yakima region, Tweedy, August, 1882; Nason Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg 686; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 236.

23. Eriogonum stellatum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 409. 1837.
Eriogonum croceum Small, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 43. 1898.
Type Loca.ity: “Interior of northwest America.” Collected by Douglas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2447.
ZONAL pisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

ee ee

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 239

OXYTHECA.

1. Oxytheca dendroides Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 11. 1: 169. 1847.

Type Locauity: ‘On the sand hills of the Rocky Mountains, near Lewis River.”’ Col-
lected by Nutall.

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sunnyside, Piper 2847; Pasco, Elmer 1053; Morgans Rory
Suksdorf 444; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 380; Priest Rapids; Brandegee 1061;
junction of Gish and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 302.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

CHORIZANTHE.

1. Chorizanthe watsoni Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 199. 1873.
_ Type Locauity: “ Nevada, on the borders of the desert, Humboldt, Reese River, and
Grass valleys.”

RanGE: East Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 445; Yakima, Leckenby, June, 1898;
North Yakima, Henderson 2424; Pasco, Piper 2960; junction of Crab and Wilson creeks,
Sandberg & Leiberg 258; without locality, Brandegee 445; Coulee City, Piper 3876.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

CHENOPODIACEAE. GoosrFroor FAMILY.

Embryo spirally coiled; endosperm scanty or wanting.
SHOUD with MOnGeClOUSINOWEIS Acc sos cis seer eet ee oes SARCOBATUS (p. 239).
Herbs with perfect flowers.

Leaves becoming spiny; fruiting calyx surrounded by a

With con esa kod scs bee Nos kvats a namaere meray ssa SALSOLA (p. 240).
Leaves fleshy; fruiting calyx wingless...........-.----- Donpta (p. 240).
Embryo annular. *
Endosperm none; stems jointed; leaves scale-like .........-- SALicorNIA (p. 240).

Endosperm copious; stems not jointed; leaves not scale-like.
Pericarp adherent to the seed; fruit much exceeding the
ORNS dhe an ene eee ee eee same cease ee CorIsPERMUM (p. 241).
' Pericarp not adherent; fruit inclosed.
Flowers unisexual; fruit inclosed by 2 bractlets.
Shrubs; testa membranous.

POUCA HANG cna to ate ae ke dees acess cae Eurotia (p. 241).
POrOATP SA DIOUS 5 vote n 2 22 eee ee see Grayia (p. 241).
Mostly herbs; testa coriaceous -..........--.- ATRIPLEX (p. 241).
lowers perfect.
Sepal.l; bract-like:-stamen |... 2 22222 c2.0-2: Monoterpis (p. 243).

Sepals 5, united; stamens 5.
Flowers capitate; calyx fleshyand red infruit. Burrum (p. 243).
Flowers panicled; calyx dry or scarcely fleshy
TAMING tae cio ca deat eae Serer aicisor CHENOPODIUM (p. 242).

SARCOBATUS.

1. Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. in Emory, Rep. 149. 1848. GrEAsEwoop.
Batis? vermiculatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 128. 1838.
Type Locatiry: ‘Common on the barren grounds of the Columbia, and particularly

near salt marshes.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to Montana, New Mexico, and Arizona.

240 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Lake & Hull 699; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg
410; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Henderson, June 18, 1892; Yakima City, Piper,
July 10, 1897; Pasco, Elmer 1064; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 449; Walla Walla, Lyall,
June, 1860; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 540.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

For illustration see Plate IV, facing page 25.

SALSOLA.

1. Salsola kali tragus (L.) Mog. in DC. Prod. 137: 187. 1849. RUSSIAN THISTLE.
Salsola tragus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 322. 1762.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europa australi.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper, July 10, 1897; Spokane, Kreager 531.
The Russian thistle probably first reached Washington in 1895 or 1896. It is now
widely spread in the State. ~
DONDIA.

Fruiting calyx without crests or appendages... ...........--...---- 3. D. maritima.
Fruiting calyx developing keels or crests.
Calyx developing crests on one or more of its lobes; leaves linear,

ROMGING BE ORO coos 5c op weds Cees es ca we wiecatae caceese 2. D. depressa.
Calyx at length surrounded by a transverse lobed wing; leaves
linear; Navrowed af bage:.<~ << 2. 32. ch nc abe seee stlets teens wus 1. D. occidentalis.

1. Dondia occidentalis (S. Wats.) Heller Cat. N. A. Plants 3. 1898.

Schoberia occidentalis S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 5: 295. 1871.

Suaeda occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 90. 1874.

Tyre Locatity: “ Ruby Valley, Nevada.”

Rance: Washington to Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Henderson 2557; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 448; Lincoln
County, Elmer 1241; Yakima City, Piper 2749, 2752.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Dondia depressa (Pursh) Britton, Ill. Fl. 1: 585. 1896.

Salsola depressa Pursh, Fl. 1: 197. 1814.

Suaeda depressa Ledeb.; 5. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 5: 294. 1871.

Type cocauity: ‘‘On the voleanic plains of the Missouri.”

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Nevada and Nebraska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 678. A doubtful immature
specimen perhaps referable to the preceding.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

3. Dondia maritima (L.) Druce, Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. 1896: 42. 1896.
Chenopodium maritimum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 221. 1753.
Suaeda maritima Dum. FI. Belg. 22. 1827.
Tyre cooauity: ‘Habitat in Europae maritimis.”
RanGE: Seacoasts, Maine to New York. Washington. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Salt marshes near Coupeville, Gardner 365. ¢

SALICORNIA.

1. Salicornia ambigua Michx. Fl. 1: 2. 1803.

Tyee Locauity: ‘In Carolinae scirpetis maritimis.”

Rance: Seabeaches, Massachusetts to Texas, British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Angeles, Piper, September, 1895; Port Ludlow, Binns,
September 3, 1890; Seattle, Piper; Union City, Piper in 1890; Port Townsend, Barber 188,
189.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. ' 241

The Pacific Coast plant, judging from a small amount of herbarium material, is somewhat
different from the typical ambigua of the Atlantic slope. Our plant was called S. herbacea
L. in Cooper’s Report and S. radicans L. in Hooker’s Flora.

CORISPERMUM.
AROnGia ie © Unin, 1lOne Winged .c. c.- tako oc Feces cece eee kee 2. C. hyssopifolium.

Akenes 2 to 2.5 mm. long, wingless ...--.....----- » RENEE OEMS * 1. C. villosum.

1. Corispermum villosum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 191. 1897.
Type LocaALity: Manhattan, Montana.
Rance: Washington, Montana, Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sunnyside, Cotton 753.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

_ 2. Corispermum hyssopifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 4. 1753. BUGSEED.
Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat ad Volgam Tartariae, Gillan Borussiae, Monspelii arenosis.”’
Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to Arizona and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 309; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1385; Wawawai, Piper 1770; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
885; Sunnyside, Cotton 754.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

EUROTIA.

1. Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. Chenop. Mon. Enum. 81. 1840. WINTER FAT.
Diotis lanata Pursh, FI. 2: 602. 1814.
Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Missouri in open prairies.’ Collected by Lewis.
Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 347; Sunnyside, Piper 2846;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Dunn, September 10, 1902; Sunnyside, Cotton 752.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

GRAYTIA.

1. Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Mog. in DC. Prod. 137: 119. 1849. Hor saGE,

Chenopodium? spinosum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838.

Grayia polygaloides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 388. 1841.

Eremosemium spinosum Greene, Pittonia 4: 225. 1901.

Type Looa.ity: “Interior of North California. Douglas, 1826.”

Rance: Washington to Wyoming, Utah, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3896; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &
Leiberg 226; North Yakima, Flett 1028; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Leckenby, May 9, 1898;
Pasco, Piper 2974; Hindshaw 40; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 447; Snipes Mountains, Cotton
389; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 16.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

ATRIPLEX.
Perennial, shrubby; leaves oblong, entire .................---.---- 5. A. nuttallii.
Annuals.
Leaves: dedacly sctiriy and silvery .c.cnss cece hee bewcs eeueees 4. A. argentea.
Leaves fleshy and mealy, not silvery.
Flowers in axillary clusters; leaves linear.................. 3. A. zosteraefolia.
Flowers in terminal panicles.
Leaves ovate-triangular, usually dentate ...........-.- 1. A. hastata.
Leaves lanceolate, mostly entire ....-.-.--.---------- 2. A. patula.

1. Atriplex hastata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1053. 1753.
Type Locatity: ‘Habitat in Europa frigidiori.”’
29418—06 M 16

242 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

RanGE: Washington to California, Nebraska, and Manitoba. Atlantic seacoast. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Prosser, Cotton 889.
Evidently introduced, and said to be spreading rapidly.

2. Atriplex patula littoralis Gray, Man. ed. 5. 409. 1867.

Atriplex littoralis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753.

Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae septentrionalis littoribus maris.’’

RanGE: Seacoasts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Great Lakes.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Angeles, Piper, September, 1895; Shoalwater Bay, Hen-
derson, August, 1885; Seattle, Piper in 1887.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Atriplex zosteraefolia (Hook.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 109. 1874.

Chenopodium? zosteraefolium Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838.

Type Locauity: “N. W. C. of America. Menzies. Columbia and Straits of De Fuca.”
Dr. Scouler.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Straits of De Fuca [Wash. ?], Scouler.

This peculiar species is known only from the type collections. Its rediscovery would be
of much interest.

4. Atriplex argentea Nutt. Gen. 1: 198. 1818. |
Type Locauity: “On sterile and saline plains near the Missouri.’’ Collected by Nuttall. 4
Rance: Washington to Minnesota, southward to Colorado and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alma, Elmer 31; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; Yakima City, ;
Piper 2753; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 372; Waitsburg, Horner 419. |
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.
5. Atriplex nuttallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 116. 1874. :

Atriplex canescens Nutt. Gen. 1: 197. 1818, not Atriplex canescens (Pursh, 1814) James.

Type Loca.ity: “‘On the denudated saline hills of the Missouri, commencing about 15
miles below the confluence of White River, and continuing to the mountains.”

Rance: Washington and Alberta to Nevada and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Senaey & Leiberg 349.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

CHENOPODIUM. Gooseroor.

Calyx Geshy and Yea fro 2c ios cance ctisecu ceive asns seat sce 5. O. rubrum.
Calyx dry in fruit.
Pericarp loosely attached to the seed; leaves entire -...........-- 4. C. leptophyllum.
Pericarp firmly attached to the seed; leaves dentate. ;
Herbage glandular-pubescent.-......-.-.-.--------------- 3. C. botrys
Herbage not glandular.
Leaves inoaly honeath vs. 6.563 cs.e0555 ges cenc cede 1. C. album.
TOG VOE PUDTOUS orotic sacs oe onesies sok eC aee een 2. C. hybridum.
1. Chenopodium album L. Sp. PI. 1: 219. 1753. LAMB’s QUARTERS.

TYPE Loca.ity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2055; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, #
August 6, 1892; Sandberg & Leiberg 257; Pullman, Piper, July 29, 1894; Hardwick, i
July 31, 1895.

la. Chenopodium album viride (L.) Mog. in DC. Prod. 13?:.71. 1849.
Chenopodium viride L. Sp. Pl. 1: 219. 1753.
Tyre Loca.ity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1391, 669; Wawawas. Piper 3584.

llama as Se I Re

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 243

2. Chienkdbatuvn hybridum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 219. 1753.

Type LocALity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mosrytaien, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-59; Wenache,
Whited 65; Yakima, Piper 1798; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; Loomis,
Elmer 590; Waitsburg, Horner 418; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 567.

8. Chenopodium botrys L. Sp. Pl. 1: 219. 1753.

Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Europae australis arenosis.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 1824; without locality Vasey in 1889; Belleview,
Kreager 496.

4. Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt.; 5S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 94. 1873.

Chenopodium album leptophyllum Mog. in DC. Prod. 137: 71. 1849.

Type Locauity: ‘In Nova California (Nuttall); Laplatte, Gordon.”’

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, southward to Arizona and Missouri.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River above Chelan River, Watson 338; Great Northern
Tunnel, east side, Piper, July, 1895; Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 377; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 316; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; Pasco, Piper 2963; Waits-
burg, Horner 1089.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

5. Chenopodium rubrum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 218. 1753.

Type LocaLity: European.

Range: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Nebraska, and New
Jersey. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains near Columbia River, Suksdorf 670; Bingen,
Suksdorf 2325; Wawawai, Piper in 1901; Meyers Falls, Kreager 512.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran?

5a. Chenopodium rubrum humile (Hook.) S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 48. 1880.
Chenopodium humile Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838.
TypE LocALity: ‘Marshes of the Saskatchewan.’’ “
Rance: British Columbia to Manitoba, south to California and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896; Seattle, Piper 2857; Shoal-
water Bay, Henderson 694.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

BLITUM.

1. Blitum capitatum L. Sp. PI. 1: 4. 1753. BuITE.
Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Europa: praesertim in comit. Tyrolensi.’’
Rance: Yukon to California, the Great Lakes, and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Spokane, Piper,
June 25, 1897; Pullman, Hull 682; Piper, July 25, 1900.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

MONOLEPIS.
Leaves oblong, entire; flowers mostly solitary -......--..4......----- 1. M. pusilla.
Leaves lanceolate to ppatulet; often dentate; flower clusters dense... - 2. M. nuttalliana.

1. Monolepis pusilla Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 289. 1871.

Typr Locaity: ‘‘ Near Carson City, and rather frequent in the alkaline valleys of West-
ern Nevada.”

“Rance: Eastern Washington to Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3886; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &
Leiberg 241; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 446.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. Monolepis nuttalliana (Roem. & Schult.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 168. 1891.
Blitum chenopodioides Nutt. Gen. 1: 4. 1818, not Lam.
Blitum nuttallianum Roem. & Schult. Mant. 1: 65. 1822.
Monolepis chenopodioides Moq. in DC, Prod. 187: 85. 1849.
Type Locauity: ‘On arid soils near the banks of the Missouri.”
Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, southward to California and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg
165; Pullman, Piper 1844; Waitsburg, Horner 186.
' ZONAL pistrrBuTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

‘AMARANTHACEAE. Amarantu Faminy.

AMARANTHUS.

Flowers in dense terminal spikes.

Spikes green, stout, 8 to 14 mm. thick. ......-.......---.------- 1. A. retroflexus.

Spikes purple, slender, 4 to 6 mm. thick...........-.-.--------- 2. A. paniculatus.
Flowers in small axillary clusters.

Pisits DLOSlIRs6; MODAN EA Ol Oo. 55 occ cess sonnet sees cee es 3. A. blitoides.

Plants erect, much branched; sepals 3...........---.----------- 4. A. graecizans.
1. Amaranthus retroflexus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 991. 1753. PIGWEED.

Tyre Locauity: “ Habitat in Pennsylvania.”
Rance: Temperate and subtropical North America, mainly spread as a weed.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1554.

2. Amaranthus paniculatus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 1406. 1763.

Tyre vocauity: “ Habitat in America.”

Rance: Naturalized in the United States from subtropical regions.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clarks Springs, AKreager 569. According to Hooker collected
in 1825 by Scouler on the Columbia.

3. Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 273. 1877.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Frequent in the valleys and plains of the interior, from Mexico to N.
Nevada and Iowa, and becoming introduced in some of the Northern States eastward.”
Rance: Washington to Nevada, Colorado, and Mexico. Now spreading eastward.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1552; Spokane, Kreager 581.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Amaranthus graecizans L. Sp. Pl. 2: 990. 1753. TUMBLEWEED.
Amaranthus albus L. Syst. ed. 10. 1268. 1760.
Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Virginia.”
Rance: Spread as a weed throughout temperate and subtropical North America.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2079; Pasco, Henderson in
1892; Pullman, Piper 1553; Wawawai, Piper, July 31, 1893.

NYCTAGINACEAE. Fowur-o’ctock Faminy.

ABRONIA.
Plants of the seashore.
Flowers rose-colored; wings @f the fruit thin........-.....-.-.----- 1, A. umbellata.
Flowers yellow; wings of the fruit thick, hollow........--.-.-.-.--- 2. A. latifolia,
Plant of the sage-plains; flowers white.............---.---------+--+-- 3. A. mellifera.

1. Abronia umbellata Lam. Ill. 1: 469. pl. 105. 1791.

Tyre Locaity: “Ex Californiae maritimis.”

RanGE: Seacoast, Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Angeles, Piper 2301; Clallam County, Elmer 2790; Point-
no-point, Piper in 1890.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

—- <<. eh

re

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 245

2. Abronia latifolia Esch. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 10: 281. 1826.

Abronia arenaria Menzies; Hook. Exot. Fl. 3: pl. 193. 1827.

Type Loca.ity: “In arenosis maritimis Novae Californiae.”’

RanGE: Seashores, Vancouver Island to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Clallam County, Elmer 2791; Port Ange-
les, Piper 2303; Port Townsend, Henderson, June 25, 1892; Westport, Heller 3943; Lamb
1096; Whidby Island, Gardner 253.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

8. Abronia mellifera Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2879. 1829.

Abronia suksdorfii Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 1'7: 348. 1892.

Type Loca.ity: “Near the Great [Celilo] Falls of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 464; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf
429; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 11, 1886; Sand hills of Columbia, Nuttall; Walla Walla,
Lyall, June, 1860; Douglas in 1826; Priest Rapids, Douglas in 1826; Prosser, Henderson 2439;
Pasco, Piper 2989; Elmer 1055; Hindshaw 16; Kiona, Piper 1807, 2646; Cotton 724.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

ABRONIA FRAGRANS Nutt. is listed by Suksdorf, but the plant probably does not occur in
our limits.

AIZOACEAE.

MOLLUGO.

1. Mollugo verticillata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 89. 1753. CARPET WEED.
Type Looa.ity: “Habitat in Africa, Virginia.’’
Rance: Washington to New Brunswick and southward to Mexico and South America.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1675; North Yakima, Henderson,
October, 1892; Parker, Elmer 1077; Wawawai, Piper, August, 1894; Almota, Piper 1878,
August, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Prosser, Cotton 632; Toppenish, Cotton 795.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

PORTULACACEAE. PuRSLANE FAMILY.

Ovary half inferior; sepals partly united.................-.-.--- PortuLaca (p. 245).
Ovary superior.
Caymule cremmatiasile 022.52 ve cco oo ee a ee ee Lewisia (p. 246).
Capsule not circumscissile.
Style branches 2; capsule 2-valved, sepals scarious...... SPRAGUEA (p. 251).
Style branches 3; capsule 3-valved. :
RIUPRIE OSCIINOUS 6.325 nie RAO a onan TALINUM (p. 247).

Sepals persistent.
Petals 3 to 7; stamens 3 to 12; leaves fleshy, alter-

WGLC Ss Orteitele Goo ome Seu cakes st sma ae cian CALANDRINIA (p. 247).
Petals 5.
Corolla zygomorphic ; styles short, cleft nearly
tothe bases sane ec/csoseewse cc22 <1 25, MONEE (p..247).
Corollaregular; styleselongated ,unitednearly
to theitep: 6575: scc. sees oe. owe acne « CLAVTONIAW(p..248),
PORTULACA.
1. Portulaca oleracea L. Sp. Pl. 1: 445. 1753. PURSLANE.

Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europa australi, India, Ins. Ascensionis, America.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf, November, 1879; Almota, Piper, Sep-
tember, 1896; Wawawai, Piper, August, 1894; Meyers Falls, Kreager 517.

246 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
LEWISIA.
Sepals 4 to 8; scape jointed and with an involucre of 5 to 7 bracts... .-.- - - . 1. L. rediviva.
Sepals 2; scape 2-bracteolate.
Root elongate.
Seeds granulate, conspicuously strophiolate.......-........--- 2. L. tweedyi.

Seeds smooth, not at all strophiolate.
Plants 2 to 8 em. high; flowers 1 to 3.

Sepala entire; petala white .... 2... < 2.246 ccceeeecexs 3. L. nevadensis.
Sevals arden: Hotel ved: oo ik a ycevss secs tese dees 4. L. pygmaea.
Plants 10 to 20 cm. high; flowers several to many, red.... 5. L. columbiana.
Root globose; cauline leaves 2 or 3, linear..........-..----.----- 6. L. triphylla.
1. Lewisia rediviva Pursh, Fl. 2: 368. 1814. Rock rose. Brrrerroor.

Type Locatity: “On the banks of Clark’s River.”’ Collected by Lewis. The exact place
is the mouth of the Lou Lou fork of the Bitterroot River, Montana.

Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming, Arizona, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Atanum River, Flett 1293; Wenache, Whited 1089; North Yakima
Henderson, May, 1892; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 127; Major Creek, Suksdorf 258;
Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker in 1892; Spokane, Piper,
July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Ellensburg, Piper in 1897.

ZoNAL pistRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

2. Lewisia tweedyi (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. FI. 1: 268. 1895.

Calandrinia tweedyi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 277. 1887.

Type Loca.ity: “ Wenatchee Mountains, Washington Territory.’ Collected by Tweedy
and by Brandegee.

Rance: Wenache Mountains, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Tweedy 898; Brandegee; Sandberg & Leiberg 346;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1242.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian?

8. Lewisia nevadensis (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 268. 4895.
Calandrinia nevadensis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 623. 1873.
Type Loca.ity: “Subalpine region of Wahsatch and East Humboldt Mountains [Nevada]
and Sierra Nevada, California, at Summit and Cisco.”’
RanGeE: Washington to California and Utah.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1275; Simcoe Hills, Howell 292; Wenache
Mountains, Elmer 472; Blue Mountains, Piper 2391; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1235.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

4. Lewisia pygmaea (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 268. 1895.

Talinum pygmaea A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. Il. 83: 407. 1862.

Oreobroma pygmaea Howell, Erythea 1: 33. 1893.

Type LooAuity: Rocky Mountains.

RanGE: Washington and Oregon to Montana and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Paradise Valley,
Flett 284; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 336.

5. Lewisia columbiana (Howell) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 269. 1895.

Calandrinia columbiana Howell; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 277. 1887.

Type Locatity: “Mountains of Oregon and Washington Territory (coll. by Lyall as far
north as lat. 49°).”

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the Cascades and Olympics.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2222; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1860; Goat Mountain, Allen 205; Olympic Mountains, Flett 128; Elmer 2690;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1206; Sandberg & Leiberg 547; Brandegee 683; Head of Twisp River,

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“a

ee a a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 247

Whited, July, 1896; Mount Henderson, Henderson 2044; Lacentre, Mrs. Fanny Briggs in
1887.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

The Lyall specimen was referred to Calandrinia leana Porter in the Botany of California, @
but that species does not reach our limits.

6. Lewisia triphylla (S. Wats.) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 269. 1895.

Claytonia triphylla S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 345. 1875.

Tyee Locatity: “Above Cisco, California;’’ in Yosemite Valley ...and...in Sierra
County.

Rance: Washington and-Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, August, 1880; Henderson, August, 1892;
Goat Mountain, Allen 154; Klickitat River, Flett 1274; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June,
1879, 290; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 464; Blue Mountains, Piper 2431.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

TALINUM.

1. Talinum spinescens Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 250. 1873.

Type Loca.ity: “ Bare rocks between Fort Okanogan and Grand Coulie, on the Upper
‘Columbia River.”’

Rance: Central Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Steinweg in 1894; Yakima,
Nevius, April, 1890; Johnson Canyon, Brandegee in 1883; Great Plains, Dr. T. E. Wilcox in
1883; Coal and Crab creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 227; Wilcon Creek, Lake & Hull, August,
1892; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Lake & Hull,
August, 1892; Piper 3871; near Cottonwood, Suksdorf 257.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

CALANDRINIA.

1. Calandrinia caulescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 78. pl. 526. 1823.

Type Loca.ity: “‘Crescit in Regno Quitensi, prope Chillo, villam contiguam planitiei
Cachapambensi, alt. 1340 hex.; item prope urbem Mexici, alt. 1168 hex.”

RanaeE: Washington to Mexico. South America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 36; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 955, 251; Seattle, Smith in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Calandrinia caulescens menziesii (Hook.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 277. 1887
Talinum menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 223. 1833.
Type Loca.ity: ‘ North-West coast of America, south of the Columbia,’ Menzies.
Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Cooper.

MONTIA.

1. Montia fontana L. Sp. Pl. 1: 87. 1753. 4
Montia minor Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 301. 1805.
Type Loca.ity: European.
RanGE: Subarctic regions, south to Maine and California. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island; Gardner 50; Tacoma, Fett 891, 27; Wenache,
Whaited 1015; Ellensburg, Piper 2715; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 89; Seattle, Piper.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

a Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 435. 1880.

248 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
CLAYTONIA.
Perennials with thick roots or corms.
Corm globose; cauline leaves oblong. -.....-.-.--. ...- 1. @. lanceolata.
Caudex elongate; cauline leaves linear-spatulate.......... 2. C. megarrhiza.

Perennials or annuals; roots not cormose.
Stems bearing only two leaves, these opposite. —
Cauline leaves not united.
Pedicels mostly bractless; perennial by rootstocks. 3. C. asarifolia.
Pedicels mostly with bracts; roots fibrous.
Perennial, 10 to 50 cm. high; leaves ovate.... 4. C. sibirica.
Annual, 5 to 15 cm. high; leaves narrow.... 5. C. arenicola.
Cauline leaves united, at least at base.
United leaves forming a roundish disk.

Calyx 4 mm. long; seeds 2 mm. broad...... 6. C. perfoliata.

Calyx 2 mm. long; seeds 1 mm. broad.
Basal leaves linear ..............-.---- 7. C. parviflora.
Basal leaves ov six. ss _..-.- 7a.C. parviflora depressa.

United leaves not forming a Gk, but linear or
Pr 2 ee en eee ne ieee pe Meee ote 8. C. spathulata.
Stems bearing more than two opposite leaves, or leaves
alternate.
Cauline leaves several pairs, opposite................ 9. C. chamissoi.

Cauline leaves alternate.
Perennial, producing slender stolons; leaves very
ARG goes oipeny cana cn sae gs fain cas aketar win 10. C. parvifclia.
Annual, not stoloniferous; leaves not very fleshy.
Leaves broad, long-petioled; seeds striate .... 11. C. diffusa.
Leaves narrow, sessile.

Seeds dull, less than 1 mm. broad .. --- - 12. C. dichotonia.
Seeds shining.
Petals 4 mm. long; seeds 2 mm.
broad: - ost asisre ike cis tiacttee 13. C. linearis
Petals minute or absent; seeds 1 mm
DIOOGe cancion be eines 14. C. howellir

1. Claytonia lanceolata Pursh, Fl. 1: 175. 1814.

Type Locauity: “On the Rocky Mountains.’”’ Collected by Lewis, the exact place on
the Lolo Trail, Bitterroot Mountains, Idaho.

Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2228; Mount Rainier, Piper 2108;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Goat Mountain, Allen 87; Cleman Moun-
tain, Henderson, June 14, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June, 1878; Stevens Pass,
Sandberg & Leiberg 752; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Blue Mountains, Horner
63; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian.

2. Claytonia megarrhiza (A. Gray) Parry; Wats. Bibl. Index 118. 1878.
Claytonia arctica megarrhiza A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 38: 406. 1862.
Type Locatity: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Parry.
Rance: Washington to Alberta, Oregon, and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1224; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 4, 1900.

3. Claytonia asarifolia Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 137. 1832.
Claytonia cordifolia Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 365. 1882.
Montia asarifolia Howell, Erythea 1: 39. 1893.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 249

Type Locaity: Sitka, Alaska.

Rance: Alaska to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2219; Flett 88; Goat Mountain, Allen
153; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1895; Silverton, Bouck 36; Klickitat River, Flett
1277; Kittitas Mountain, Whited 1284; head of Atanum River, Henderson, August 24, 1892;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf' 103; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 603; Pend Oreille River,
Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

4. Claytonia sibirica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 204. 1753.

Claytonia alsinoides Sims, Bot. Mag. 32: pl. 1309. 1810.

Montia washingtoniana Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 220. 1898.

Monitia sibirica Howell, Erythea 1: 39. 1893.

Type Locauity: ‘ Habitat in Siberia.”

Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3861; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898;
Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; King County, Suksdorf’ 957; Silverton, Bouck 35; Olympia, Kin-
caid, July, 1896; Mount Rainier, Flett 241; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 151; Mount
Baker, Flett 854; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
2245, 256; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 426; Spokane, Watson 60; Dewart in 1901; with-
out locality, Cooper in 1854; Clarks Springs, Kreager 32; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 425.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

‘

5. Claytonia arenicola Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 49. 1895.

Montia arenicola Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 96. 1897.

Type Locauity: Lewiston, Idaho. Collected by Henderson.

Rance: Idaho and Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2290; Henderson
2430; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 15; Waitsburg, Horner 64; Wawawai, Elmer 121;
Piper 2799, 3822; Clarkston, Hunter 6.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

6. Claytonia perfoliata Donn; Willd. Sp. Pl. 1°: 1186. 1797.

Montia perfoliata Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893.

Tyre Looatity: “Habitat in America boreali.”

Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper-in 1885; without locality, Vasey 171; west Klicki-
tat County, Suksdorf 529, 530, 1879; Blue Mountains, Horner 67.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6a. Claytonia perfoliata amplectens Greene, Fl. Fran. 179. 1891.
Tyre Locaity: ‘Middle elevations of the Sierra,’ California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1888; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
This is merely a form in which the cauline leaves are nearly or quite separate.

7. Claytonia parviflora Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 225. 1833.

Montia parviflora rupestris Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 221. 1898.

Montia parviflora hydrophila Suksdorf, loc. cit.

Montia parviflora silvatica Suksdorf, op. cit. 222.

Montia interrupta Suksdorf, loc. cit.

Montia parviflora Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893.

Type Locauity: “Abundant along the course of the Columbia, in open parts of the forest
where wood has been burned, or the ground turned up by deer.” Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California, Idaho, and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Fett 83; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 531, 956, 2017, 2097, 2092; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 204;

250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Pullman, Elmer 845; Hull, May, 1892; Tukanon River, Lake, July 1, 1892; Waitsburg,
Horner 66; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2304, 2305; Tacoma, Flett 2157, 2197.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

7a. Claytonia parviflora depressa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 281. 1887.
Montia latifolia Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 222. 1898.
Montia arenaria Suksdorf, loc. cit.
Montia humifusa Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 96. 1897.
Montia rubra Howell, Erythea 1:38. 1893.
Moniia parviflora depressa Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 274. 1895.
?Claytonia parviflora glauca Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 1: 200. 1838.

Type Locatity: “On river banks, probably sand-washes, Brit. Columbia to Oregon and |

adjacent Idaho.”

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 53; Admi-
ralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 2259, 85; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897;
Douglas County, Spillman; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 532, 1880, 1881, 2009, 2010,
2199; Waitsburg, Horner 65; Blue Mountains, Horner 68.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

8. Claytonia spathulata Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 226. 1833.

Montia spathulata Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893.

Montia spathulata disciformis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 222. 1898.

Tyre vocauity: “ North-West coast of America’’ Menzies. ‘In the vallies of the Rocky
Mountains” Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California. :

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Laidlaw, Lamb 1116; Tacoma, Flett 86, 4, 880; Klickitat County,
Howell, June, 1879; Major Creek, Suksdorf 2095.

8a. Claytonia spathulata exigua (Torr. & Gr.)
Claytonia exigua Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 200. 1838.
Montia spathulata exigua Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 275. 1895.
Type Locauity: California. Collected by Douglas.
Rance: British Columbia to California, in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 54; Bingen, Suksdorf 2094; White Salmon,

Suksdorf 255.

9. Claytonia chamissoi Ledeb.; Spreng. Syst. 1: 790. 1825.

Claytonia chamissonis Esch. Linnaea 6: 562. 1831.

Montia chamissonis Greene, F]. Fran. 180. 1891.

Type Locaity: “ Unalaschka.”’

Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. Minnesota.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Roy, Allen, May 17, 1889; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 958; Upper
Wenas River, Henderson, June, 1892; Klickitat River, Flett 1288; Spokane County, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 88; Pullman, Elmer 818; Piper 1712; without locality, Cooper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

10. Claytonia parvifolia Moc.; DC. Prod. 3: 361. 1828. :
Claytonia filicaulis Hook, F]. Bor. Am. 1: 224. pl. 72. 1834. :
Montia parvifolia Greene, F1. Fran 181. 1891.

Type Locaity: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island.

Rance: Alaska to California and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Tacoma, Flett
213; Skokomish River, Henderson, May, 1892; Silverton, Bouck 37; Mount Rainier, Flett
1405; Piper, August, 1895; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 152, 152a; west Klickitat County
Suksdorf 1878; Klickitat River, Fleit 1290; Yakima County, Brandegee 686; Peshastin,

—

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=

+ Uae ear ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 208

Sandberg & Leiberg 585; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & H ull, August, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer -
713; without locality, Cooper.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Transition.

11. Claytonia diffusa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 202. 1838.

Montia diffusa Greene, Fl. Fran. 181. 1891.

Type Locarity: “In pine woods, a few miles above Fort Vancouver.’ €ollected by
Nuttall. ;

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gig Harbor, Flett 5; Larm River, Suksdorf 104; Seattle, Piper in
1885.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

12. Claytonia dichotoma Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 202. 18388.

Montia dichotoma Howell, Erythea 1: 36. 1893.

Type Locatity: “In wet places on rocks, near the junction of the Wahlamet with the
Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Howell 89; White Salmon,
Suksdorf, June, 1878; Spokane, Piper 2667, May 19, 1899; Pullman, Elmer 173; without
locality, Geyer 648.

ZONAL bDistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

13. Claytonia linearis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 224, pl. 71. 1834.

Montia linearis Greene, FI. Fran. 181. 1891. ct ae

Type Locaity: ‘Moist rocky places; on the Great and Little Falls of the Columbia,
abundant.” Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 55; Tacoma, Flett 3; Klickitat River,
Flett 1289; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 41; without locality, Douglas; without

locality, Geyer 317; Pullman, Elmer 157; Piper 1713; Hull, May 24, 1892, Moore, May 16,

1893; Vancouver, Piper 4946; Seattle, Piper in 1889.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

14. Claytonia howellii (S. Wats.).

Montia howellii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18:191. 1883.

Typr Locaity: “On Sauvies Island, in the Willamette River, Oregon.” Collected by
Howell.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 241.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

SPRAGUEA.

1. Spraguea multiceps Howell, Erythea 1: 39. 1893.

Spraguea umbellata caudicifera A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 278. 1895.

Type Locauity: Mount Hood, Oregon.

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2091, 37; Allen 101; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1877; Flett 1052; Nason
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 659; without locality, Cooper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SILENACEAE.

Sepals united; petals long-clawed.
Calyx 10 to many-nerved.

Pink Faminy.

Styles 3, rarely 4 or 5; capsule with 3 or 6 teeth... .....
Styles always 5; capsule with 5 or 10 teeth.

* Calyx with tooth-like lobes....................-.-

Calyx with the lobes foliaceous..............-----

Calyx 5-nerved; styles 2.

Calyx cylindric, not angled. ....--
Calyx ovate, angled............-

Sepals free to the base or nearly so.
Stipules wanting.

Petals 2-cleft or 2-parted, rarely none.

Capsule cylindric, usually curved...........-.-----

Capsule ovate or oblong, not curved........-.-----
Petals entire or notched, rarely none.
Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them.
Styles fewer than the sepals or opposite them.
Disk of the receptacle conspicuous, 8 to 10-lobed.

Disk wanting.

Seeds each with a strophiole.........-.-..-
Seeds without strophioles............-..--

Stipules present, scarious.
Fruit a one-seeded utricle; sepals

spine-tipped.........-

Fruit a capsule; sepals not spine-tipped.
Styles and valves of the capsule 5............-..-.-
Styles and valves of the capsule 3............-.--

SILENE. Carcurvy.

Calyx with 15 nerves or more.

Nerves 18 to 23, prominent ..........
Nerves 15 to 20, obscure.............

Calyx with 10 nerves.
Plants annual! or biennial.

Inflorescence a simple raceme. ....

Inflorescence a cyme or a panicle.

Plant sticky hairy..........
Plant glabrous, except that the middle portion of each

i

of the upper internodes is glutinous. ..........--

Plants perennial.

Acaulescent and densely matted. -

Caulescent.

ee

Flowers solitary in the forks of leafy branches... - - .
Flowers in terminal panicles, or occasionally solitary.
Calyx cylindric, narrowed at base; ovary stipitate.

Blades of the petals

cleft into 4 to 8 linear

SILENE (p. 252). -

Lycaunis (p. 255).
AGROSTEMMA (p. 256). 4

Saponaria (p. 256).
Vaccaria (p. 256).

. Crrastium (p. 256).
ALSINE (p. 257).

SaGina (p. 259).
AMMODENIA (p. 260).

MoeHRINGIA (p.260).
ARENARIA (p. 260).

PENTACAENA (p. 264). i

SPERGULA (p. 263).
Tissa (p. 263).

. S. multinervia. :
. S. vulgaris. :

. S. anglica.

. S. noetrflora.

a

. S. antirrhina. .
. S. acaulis.

. S. menziesii.

. S. oregana.

ONTOS “oot coke eetties cis eiee 9. S. spaldingii.
Stems not very leafy, petal-lobes
HOLHEA ahs ogc os nf ees 10. S. scouleri.
Calyx campanulate; ovary not stipitate.
Plant 5 to 10 em. high; flowers 1 to 3... -- 11. S. suksdorfii.
Plants taller; flowers often numerous.
Blades of petals 2-lobed...-...------ 12. S. douglasii.
Blades of petals 4-lobed, the lateral |
lobes ampllek 3350s enn’. sas Sates 13. S. macounii. |

ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 253

1. Silene multinervia S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 126. 1890.
Type Locatity: “ Near Jamuel,’’ California.
Rance: California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 44, doubtless introduced from California.

2. Silene vulgaris (Moench.) Garcke, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 9. 64. 1869.
Behen vulgaris Moench, Meth. 709. 1794.
Silene cucubalus Wibel, Prim. Fl. Werth. 241. 1799.
Cucubalus behen L. Sp. Pl. 1: 414. 1753, not Silene behen L.
Type LocALiry: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle. Piper 1817.

3. Silene anglica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 416. 1753.
Silene gallica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 417. 1753.
Tyre cocatiry: ‘Habitat in Anglia, Gallia.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1847; Seattle, Piper.

4. Silene noctiflora L. Sp. Pl. 1: 419. 1753.

TypE Locatity: ‘‘ Habitat in Suecia, Germania.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 34; Silverton, Bouck 151 b; White Sal-
mon, Suksdorf 525; Pullman, Piper 1854.

5. Silene antirrhina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 419. 1753.

Type Locaity: ‘Habitat in Virginia, Carolina.”

Rance: Temperate North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Kincaid, June, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer
2750; Tacoma, Flett, June, 1896; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1857; Stehekin, Whited
1404; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Almota, Piper 1707; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 111; Seattle, Piper in 1888.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

6. Silene acaulis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 603. 1762.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Austriacis, Helveticis, Pyrenaeis.’’
- Rance: Arctic regions, south to the White Mountains, and in the west to Washington
and Arizona. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Elinor,
Miss Getty, August, 1902; Mount Rainier, Flett 31; Bridge Creek, Elmer in 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

7. Silene menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 90. pl. 30. 1830.

Silene stellarioides Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 193. 1838.

Type Locauity: ‘‘ North-West coast of America.” Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia and Assiniboia to California and Nebraska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2751; Hope Island, Flett 2112; Whidby
Island, Gardner 41; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Thorp, Whited 634; Beaver Creek,
Whited 231; Wenache, Whited 156; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1854; North Yakima, Hender-
son in 1892; Watt, August, 1895; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Harrington,
Sandberg & Leiberg 222; Spokane, Spalding; without locality, Vasey in 1889; ‘‘on the
Okanogan,’’ Douglas; Asotin Creek, Hunter, June, 1900; Clarks Springs, Kreager 48, 620,
260; Pullman, Piper, June, 1893; Blue Mountains, Hosen July 17, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Peansition and Upper Sonoran.

Professor Greene has recently proposed the genus Anotites, based on this ee which he
regards as an aggregate of several. Of these A. viscosa Greene@ is based on Horner’s Blue
Mountains collection and A. nodosa 6 on Whited’s Wenache collection.

a Leaflets 1: 98. 1905. b Op. cit. 100.

254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

8. Silene oregana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 343. 1875.

Tyee Locauity: ‘In the Blue Mountains, Oregon.’’ Collected by Nevius.

Rance: Oregon and Washington to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches River, Henderson 2567; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1237;
White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1878; Simcoe Hills, Howell 311; Skamania County, Suksdorf’
2038; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1297; Clarks Springs, Kreager 576; Blue Mountains,
Piper 2393.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

9. Silene spaldingii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 344. 1875.
Type Locaity: ‘‘On the Clear Water,’ Idaho. Collected by Spalding.
Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cheney, Mrs. Tucker in 1900.
ZONAL pDistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

10. Silene scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 88. 1830.

Tyre Locauity: Fort Vancouver, Washington. Collected by Scouler.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAM!N7™D: Chambers Prairie, Henderson, August 8, 1892; Yelm Prairie,
Smith 621; Tacoma, Flett 875; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1896; near Mount Stuart,
Brandegee 656; Tieton River, Cotton 491; Blue Bounpoite Horner 571.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Treated:

11. Silene suksdorfii Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 44. 1891.

Type Locatity: “Mt. Paddo (Adams), at. 7,000 to 8,000 feet altitude.’ Collected by
Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen, 239; Piper 2135, 623; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1178; Brandegee 654; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf 47; Howell
& Henderson, August, 1882; White River, Flett 304.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

12. Silene douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 88. 1830.
Silene dilatata Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 212. 1898.
Type Locaity: “Abundant in mountain valleys, above the Grand Rapids of the Colum-
bia, and among the Rocky Mountains on their western declivity.” Collected by Douglas.
RanGeE: British Columbia to California and Montana. :
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2216; Elmer 2744, 2747; Wenache,
Whited 14; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 574; Goat Mountains, Allen 124a; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2156; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf'7; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull,
_ July 4, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 5016.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian to Transition.

12a. Silene douglasii monantha (S. Wats.) Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 145. 1893.

Silene monantha 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 340. 1875.

Type Locauity: “On the débris at the base of Castle Rock, Cascades,’’ Washington,
Collected by Harford & Dunn.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Castle Rock, Harford & Dunn.

This is probably only a starved shade plant, and not distinct. It is known only from the
type specimen.
12b. Silene douglasii brachycalyx Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 145. 1893.

Silene columbiana Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 78. 1897.

Type Locatity: Multnomah County, Oregon.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Skamania County, Suksdorf 2436; Baldy Peak,
Chehalis County, Lamb 1321.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. DABS)

' 12c. Silene douglasii multicaulis (Nutt. ) Robinson, Proc. Am. sisi 28: 144. 1893.

Silene multicaulis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 192. 1838.

TYPE LOOALITY: “Woods from the west side of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific.”
Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 141, 1146; Ellensburg, Elmer 415; Spokane,
Henderson, July, 1892; Ramm, July, 1883; Spokane County, Suksdorf 250; Kreager 97;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2402; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Yakima region, Brandegee
655 (doubtfully referred here, the plant being viscid throughout); Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 676.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

18. Silene macounii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 124. 1891.

? Silene lyallit S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 342. 1875.

Silene douglasii macounit Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 144. 1893.

Silene douglasii macrocalyx Robinson, op. cit. 145, in part.

Silene douglasii viscida, Robinson, loc. cit.

Silene tetragyna Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 212. 1898.

Type Locatiry: ‘‘Summit of the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia.’ Collected by
Macoun.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2237, 917; Loomis, Elmer 579;
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 489; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 529; Mount Stuart, Elmer
1178; Sandberg & Leiberg 817; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 2434, 2435; Mount Rainier, Piper 622, 2119, 2109; Smith 936; Skamania
County, Suksdorf, 1851; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

Piper no. 622 is referred by Doctor Robinson¢ to Silene watsonii, but this seems to me an
error. Better material collected later in the same place is certainly S. macounii. Smith’s
936, once referred doubtfully® to S. grayii, is the same thing.

SILENE ARMERIA L. is occasionally encountered as a garden escape. Silene hookeri Nutt.,
included in Sukdorf’s list, probably does not occur north of the Columbia River.

LYCHNIS.
Herbage white-tomentose; calyx-teeth twisted..........-.-.-----.- 1. L. coronaria.
Herbage green, glandular-pubescent; calyx-teeth not twisted_...--.. - 2. L. drummondii.

1. Lychnis coronaria Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 643. 1789.
Type LocaLity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Kreager 144; Seattle, Piper in 1889.
A European species sometimes escaping from gardens and persisting.

2. Lychnis drummondii (Hook.) S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 37, 432. 1872.

Silene drummondii Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 89. 1830.

Typr Locaity: “‘Plains of the Saskatchewan.’ Collected by Richardson and by
Drummond.

Hooker gives further: ‘‘Common on the elevated, gravelly soils, near Fort Vancouver,
and skirting the Blue Mountains. Douglas.” As this species has not been collected in
Washington or Oregon since Douglas’s time, it is almost certain that there is some error
in connection with Hooker’s note.

a Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 143. 1893; Gray, Syn. FI. 1: 222. 1897.
b Proc. Am. Acad. loc. cit.

256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

AGROSTEMMA.

1. Agrostemma githago L. Sp. Pl. 1: 435. 1753. CockKLE.
TYPE Locaity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 693; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894.

SAPONARIA.

1. Saponaria officinalis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 408. 1753. :
Type Loca.iry: European. |
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Union Gap, Cotton 428.

VACCARIA.

1. Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Britton in Britt. & Br. Ill. Fl. 2: 18. 1897. Cow COCKLE.
Saponaria vaccaria L. Sp. Pl. 1: 409. 1753.
Tyre Locauity: “ Habitat inter segetes Galliae, Germaniae.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 461; Waitsburg, Horner 395;
Wawawai, Lake & Hull 490; Pullman, Piper 1706; Meyers Falls, Kreager 498.
Very common and troublesome in grain fields.

CERASTIUM.
Petals not longer than the sepals.
Pethicdia longer than the calyx: soos. <2: soos coos dose esas ose 1. C. vulgatum.
Pedicels not longer than the calyx.............--------- aes Sate ae 2. C. viscosum.
Petals decidedly longer than the sepals.
Annual; viscid pubescent; pods nodding. .............-----.----- 3. C. nutans.
Perennials pubescent; pods erect . ¢.6 2525.26 62sec oes C cen ewe 4. C. arvense.

1. Cerastium vulgatum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 627. 1762. |
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Scaniae & Europae australioris pratis, areis.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 40; Seattle, Piper.

2. Cerastium viscosum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 437. 1753.

Type Loca.iry: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 39; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 112;
Waitsburg, Horner 129; Seattle, Piper.

3. Cerastium nutans Raf. Prec. Decouv. 36. 1814.
Cerastium longepedunculatum Muhl. Cat. 46. 1813, nom. nud.
Type Loca.ity: “En Pennsylvanie.”
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Mexico and North Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 47, 1016; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.

4. Cerastium arvense L. Sp. Pl. 1: 438. 1753.

Cerastium elongatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 321. 1814.

Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Scania australiori Europa.”

Rance: North temperate zone in America, Asia, and Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2749*; Olympic Mountains, Fett 87*,
808*; Humptulips, Lamb 1174; Goat Mountains, Allen 237*; Mount Adams, Fett 1060;
Seattle, Smith, April, 1889; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Olympia, Hen-
derson, March, 1892; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Pullman, Moore, May, 1893; Elmer 177; Hull, May, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic.

The specimens marked (*) are high alpine forms which approach C. alpinum behrrin-
yianum (Cham. & Schlecht.) Regel. Flett’s 808 was listed as C. alpinum L. by Wiegand.a

a Bull. Torr. Club 24: 348. 1897.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. ZOU

ALSINE. CuHICKWEED.

Lowest leaves petiolate.

Stems pubescent with a line of hairs; leaves ovate... ......- 1. A. media.
Stems glabrous, except at base; leaves shiny, the upper linear-
TRIUMEMADOS Acton pad ox CR ce eS Gael see etn eames 2. A. nitens.

Leaves all sessile.
Petals retuse or bifid at apex; leaves lanceolate; herbage gland-
MIDE PR OCRCOME. goon 8 a Soe eens cinta ais RA eIea Ts NE 11. A. jamesiana.
Petals deeply 2-parted; herbage not glandular.
Bracts of the inflorescence small, scarious.
Pedicels spreading; cyme diffuse.

Leaves linear, acute at each end; seeds smooth.. 3. A. longifolia.
Leaves lanceolate, broadest near the base; seeds
POO Se os eet ere eee eso Re 4, A. araminea.
Pedicels erect; cymes few-flowered............---- 5. A. longipes.
Bracts of the inflorescence leafy.
Leaves lanceolate; petals small or none. -...------ - 6. A. borealis.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate.
Sepals obtuse, without scarious margins -..-- . - 7. A. obtusa.
Sepals acute, with scarious margins.
Flowers cymose; leaves lance-ovate . . - - -- '. 8. A. calycantha.
Flowers solitary, axillary; leay es ovate.
Herbage ginbrous: 225.0222. oo sakes 9. A. crispa.
Herbage finely puberulent....-...-.- 10. A. washingtoniana.
1. Alsine media L. Sp. Pl. 1: 272. 1753. CHICK WEED.
Stellaria media Cirill. Char. Comm. 36. 1784. .

TypPE Loca.ity: European. :

Rance: Europe and Asia. Introduced as a weed in North America.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper, May, 1897.

A common weed, nearly everywhere in the State.

2. Alsine nitens (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 33. 1894.

Stellaria nitens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 185. 1838.

TypE Loca.ity: “Plains of the Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 587; Tacoma, Flett 100, 23; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 145; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 43; Pullman, Piper 1834; Elmer 108; Blue
Mountains, Horner 111.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

8. Alsine longifolia (Muhl.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 150. 1894.
Stellaria longifolia Muhl.; Willd. Enum. 479. 1809.
TYPE LOCALITY: Habitat i in Pennsylvania.”
Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Washington and Kentucky.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Seattle, Piper 593; Marshall Junction, Piper 2258.

4. Alsine graminea (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 150. 1894.
Stellarva graminea L. Sp. Pl. 1: 422. 1753.
Type LocaLity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 740; Pullman, Piper, September 6, 1899.

29418—06 M 17

258 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

5. Alsine longipes (Goldie) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 70. 1893.

Stellaria longipes Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 6: 327. 1822.

Type LocaLity: ‘‘ Woods near Lake Ontario.”

Rance: Alaska to California, Colorado, and New England. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 102; Tacoma, Flett 193; Ocosta, Henderson, June, 1892; Clealum, Henderson,
June 1892; Kittitas County, Whited, May, 1896; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892;
Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 133a; Medical Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Cold Creek, Cot-
ton 397; Kreager 28; Pullman, Hull 481; Piper 1710, 1711; without locality, Brandegee 661.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

6. Alsine borealis (Bigel.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 149. 1894.
Stellaria borealis Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. 182. 1824.
Tyre Locatity: White Mountains, New Hampshire.
Rance: Alaska to New England, south to California and New Jersey.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Seattle, Smith 231;
Tacoma, Flett 162; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen
155; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2302; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf 527; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2437; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg
605; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Watson, September 24, 1880; |
Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 480; Blue Mountains, Piper 2454; without locality, Brandegee |
662, 664. |
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. |

6a. Alsine borealis alpestris (Fries) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 149. 1894.
Stellaria alpestris Fries, Mant. 1: 10. 1832.
Stellaria borealis corollina Fenzl. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 382. 1842.
Alsine brachypetala (Bong.) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 82. 1897.
Tyre Locattry: ‘In humidis alpium Jemtlandiae, Lapponiae, Norwegiae passim.”
Rance: Alaska to Oregon and the Great Lakes. Europe. Asia. E
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Orchard, Piper 2313; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2438, :
2439; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 526; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1864; without
locality, Brandegee.

EE a

7. Alsine obtusa (Engelm.) Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 569. 18°6.
Stellaria obtusa Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 5. 1882.
Type Locatity: Gunnison River, Colorado.
Rance: Washington to British Columbia and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skokomish River, Piper, August, 1895.

8. Alsine calycantha (Ledeb.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 145. 1900. i ;
Arenaria calycantha Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 5: 534. 1812.
Stellaria calycantha Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 127. 1832. .
Alsine simcoei Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 83. 1897.’

Type cLocauity: “Hab. in Siberia orientali.” 4

Rance: Alaska to California. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2134; Paradise River, Allen 159, 159a;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2302, 2303; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 667; Klickitat County, :
Howell 313; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2194; Wenache trail, Brandegee 668. — :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 5

The Mount Rainier specimens were erroneously referred to A. uliginosa (Murr.) Britton, 3
by Howell.a * ;

Alsine simcoei Howell differs from A. calycantha only in being unusually pubescent.

aFl. N. W. Am. 1: 82. 1897.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 259

9. Alsine crispa (Cham. & Schlecht.) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 216. 1895.

Stellaria crispa Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 51. 1826.

Type Locatity: “ Unalaschka.”

Rance: Alaska to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall
in 1858; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 156; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1863; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf 333; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

The Blue Mountains specimens are not typical, and probably represent a new subspecies.

10. Alaine washingtoniana (Robinson) Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. ed. 2. 4. 1900.
Stellaria washingtoniana Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 25: 166. 1898.
. Type tocauity: ‘In alder woods of the upper valley of the Nisqually, upon the slopes
of Mount Rainier, Washington.”’ Collected by O. D. Allen.
_ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Piper 2238; valley of the Nisqually, Allen 157.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

11. Alsine jamesiana (Torr.) Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. ed. 2. 4. 1900.

Stellaria jamesiana Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 169. 1828.

Stellaria jamesii of authors.

Type Loca.ity: “Rocky Mountains.”

Rance: Washington to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 818; Wenache Mountains
Whited, June, 1896; Clealum, Henderson 2568.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

' 8. SAGINA.
Herbage glandular-puberulent ... ..... -. -...2.2. 305 leekee ee sane ens 3. S. ciliata.
Herbage glabrous.
Stems slender; leaves scarcely fleshy. -.......-....-..-.--..-...--- 1. 8. occidentalis.
Stems rather stout; leaves fleshy..........-.-.-.--------------- 2. S. crassicaulis.

1. Sagina occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 344. 1875.

Type Locauiry: ‘In the valleys and borders of salt marshes from Oregon to San
Francisco.”

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper; Seattle, Smith 744; Piper 470;
Coupeville, Gardner 47, 48; Mount Rainier, Piper 2631, 745; Bridge Creek, Elmer.

2. Sagina crassicaulis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 191. 1883.

TypE Loca.ity: ‘On Dillon’s Beach, Marin County, California.”

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Orchard, Piper 2312; sgt Henderson, June 26, 1892;
Ilwaco, Henderson, September, 1885; Piper 4996.

The species of this genus are illy geaned: and we seriously doubt that S. crassicaulis and
S. occidentalis are really distinct. Alpine forms here referred to the latter have been con-
sidered to be S. linnaei Presl (S. saginoides (L.) Britt.), which, indeed, may be correct.

8. Sagina ciliata (Greene).
Alsinella ciliata Greene, F]. Fran. 126. 1891.
Type Loca.ity: “ Vicinity of Ione,” California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, in dry soil, Piper in 1889.

260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

10. MOEHRINGIA.

Petals longer than the obtusish sepals. .........-...-.-.-.--.------- 1. M. lateriflora.
Petals shorter than the acuminate sepals...............-.-.------- 2. M. macrophylla.

1. Moehringia laterifiora (L.) Fenzl, Verbr. Alsin. 18. 1833.
Arenaria laterifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 423, 1753.
Type Loca.ity: Siberia.
RanGE: Oregon to Colorado and New Jersey, and northward. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper 1022; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 123;

Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Pullman, Hull 483; Piper, June, 1893; Walla Walla,

Brandegee 671. :
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 246. 1874.

Arenaria macrophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 102. 1830.

Type Locauity: ‘North-West America, in shady woods.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California and eastward to Lake Superior.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2751; Tacoma, Flett 87; Mount Rai-
nier, Piper 2128; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 158; White Salmon, Suksdorf' 250; Klicki-
tat River, Flett 1356; Clealum, Whited 361; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 627; without
locality, Brandegee 670; Kamiak Butte, Moore 1705; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861;
Wawawai, Lake & Hull 784; Mount Carlton, Kreager 219; Cape Horn, Piper 5014.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian.

AMMODENIA.

1. Ammodenia peploides (L.) Rupr. Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reich. 2: 25. 1845.

Arenaria peploides L. Sp. Pl. 1: 423. 1758.

Honkenya peploides Ehrh. Beitr. 2: 181. 1788.

Tyre Loca.ity: European.

Rance: On the seashore, Arctic regions, southward to Washington and New Jersey.

Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper in 1854; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf
1867; Ilwaco, Henderson 2156; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

la. Ammodenia peploides major (Hook.)

Arenaria peploides major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 102. 1830.

Honkenya oblongifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 176. 1838.

Arenaria sitchensis Dietr: Syn. Pl. 2: 1565. 1839-52.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘De Fuca’s Straits.” Collected by Scouler.

Rance: Alaska to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1248; Whidby island, Gardner 45; near Seattle,
Piper, July, 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

ARENARIA.

Valves of the capsule 2-toothed.
‘Amnial+ leavas Own: 66 0 ons io ano ew oe ee hone e vb ox ee ee’ 1. A. serpyllifolia.
Perennials; leaves very narrowly linear.
Sepals obtuse; flowers in loose cymes - .- .-- -- -- acy ee te Aes 2. A. capillaris.
Sepals not obtuse. ey
Petals longer than the ovate acute 3-nerved sepals.

Flowers in dense clusters -....-.--.----- fe ke schal~ Gay CORE

Flowers in loose clusters.......-.-.-- Spee eae 4, A. glabrescens. —

ee ae

2 i oy

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 261

Petals shorter than the pungent, lanceolate 1-nerved
WINES oes ook BB he ria eae Yet rc ann gt 5. A. franklinii.
Petals wanting; plants minute, usually purplish.........-.-..-. 8. A. pusilla.
Valves of the capsule entire.
Petals present.
Leaves linear or lance-linear; marsh plants with soft and

flaccid leaves and stems..-..-.-- es So rP ete eS oe AO Ace MALU wCOLa:
Leaves subulate or filiform, rather eet
NEpSIS\ODUUSE trees ee ee eee eee see ee 11. A. sajanensis.

Sepals acute or cuspidate.
Plants densely matted or tufted, alpine; cymes
few-flowered.
Herbage glandular; sepals not strongly nerved. 10. A. nuttallii.
Herbage not glandular; sepalsstrongly nerved . 9. A. verna.
Plants loosely or not at all matted; cymes dichoto-
mously branched, several to many-flowered; low-
PAH DIANG Cece ie ewe oie eee eer ale 7. A. tenella.

1. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. ae Pl. 1: 423. 1753.

TypPE LocaLity: Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Whidby Island, Gardner 369;
Seattle, Piper 551; Tacoma, Flett 2022; Clarke County, Subedor/ 1868, 101.

2. Arenaria capillaris Poir. Encycl. 6: 380. 1804.

Type Locaity: ‘‘Dans la Sibérie.”

Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; head of Twisp
River, Whited 211; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1283; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg
681; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 486; without locality, Brandegee 674; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 238; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1187.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

2a. Arenaria capillaris nardifolia (Ledeb.) Regel, Bull.Soc. Nat. Mose. 35: 253. 1830.
Arenaria nardifolia Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. 1: 4. pl. 6. 1829.
Type Locauity: ‘‘Hab. in rupibus alpium Altaicarum.”
RanGeE: Alaska to California and Utah. Siberia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 806; Mount Rainier, Piper 620, 2121;
Allen 238; Mount Stuart, Hlmer 1115; Klickitat River, Flett 1059.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

3. Arenaria congesta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 178. 1838.

Type Locatity: ‘‘Shady hills in the Rocky Mountain range, about Bear River of the
Lake of Timpanagos.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chelan, Whited 1377; Conconully, Whited 1320; White Bluff,
Lake & Hull 485; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 482; Loon Lake, Winsion, July 20, 1897;
Spokane, Spaulding; Suksdorf' 252; Piper, June, 1897; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull,
July, 1892; Piper, July, 1896; Clarks Springs, Kreager 100.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Arenaria glabrescens (S. Wats.)
Arenaria fendleri glabrescens S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 40. 1871.
Arenaria fendleri subcongesta S. Wats. loc. cit.
Arenaria burkei Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 85. 1897.
TypE LocaLity: Toyabe Mountains, Nevada.
Rance: Washington to Alberta, Arizona, and California.

262 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Wenas River, Henderson 2566; Clemai Mountain,
Henderson in 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 666; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; junction
Orab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 294; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL pistripuTion: Arid Transition.

5. Arenaria franklinii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 101. 1830.
Type cocauity: ‘‘Abundant on barren sandy plains and undulating grounds of the
Columbia, from the ‘Great’ to the ‘ Kettle’ falls.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper 2970; Hindshaw 6; Klickitat County, Leckenby,
May, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 254; Bick-
leton, Suksdorf 253; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Wilson Creek
Sandberg & Leiberg 296; Wallula, Cotton 1026, 1044.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

6. Arenaria paludicola Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29: 298. 1894.
Arenaria palustris S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 70. 1876, not Gay. 1845.
Alsine palustris Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3: 61. 1863.

Type Loca.ity: San Francisco, California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Tacoma, Flett, September, 1896.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

7. Arenaria tenella Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 179. 1838.

‘Arenaria stricta 8 Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 99. 1830.

Type Locauity: ‘‘Rocky places, plains of the Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon, in the coast region. ;

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Whidby Island,
Gardner 46; Tacoma, Flett 880, 190; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1886; Henderson, May, 1892;
Woodlawn, Henderson, June, 1892; Steilacoom, Suckley; Piper; Columbia River, Nuitall;
Roy, Allen, May 23, 1889; Yelm, Piper in 1888; Stuart Island, Lawrence 42.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

8. Arenaria pusilla S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 367. 1882.

Type Locauity: Yreka, California.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 249; Waitsburg, Horner 128; Pull-
man, Piper 1885. ;

ZONAL pisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

9. Arenaria verna rubella ( Wah!.) S. Wats. Bibl. Index 99. 1878.

- Alsine rubella Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 1: 28. pl. 6. 1812.

Arenaria hirta glabrata Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 56. 1826.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Hab. in summitate alpis Lyngensis Nordlandiae septentrionalis

circiter 3,000 pedes paris. supra mare elevata.”’

RanGE: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2115; Smith 777; Flett 228; Olympic
Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2748.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.
Hooker @ reports A. verna from the Columbia, collected by Menzies and by Douglas.

Hooker’s plant can scarcely be the rare Alpine plant here considered.
Flett’s 228 was referred by Wiegand © to the scarcely distinct A. propinqua Richards.

a Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 99. 1830. b Bull. Torr. Club 24: 343. 1897.

ee ee es

ty ee a ene he ea

——_— rel

-PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 263

10. Arenaria nuttallii Pax; Engler’s, Bot Jahrb. 18: 30. 1893.

Arenaria pungens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 179. 1838, not Clem. 1816.

TypE LocaLity: ‘‘Summit of hills in the Rocky Mountain range (lat. 41°).”

Rance: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 676; Elmer 1118; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 48; Howell & Henderson, August, 1882; Henderson, August 10, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

11. Arenaria sajanensis Willd. Schlecht. Berl. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Mag. 7: 200. 1813.
Type cocauity: “Auf der dstlichen Hdhen des altaischen Gebirges,” Siberia.
Range: Alaska to Greenland, south in the mountains to Arizona. Siberia.

- SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 805; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1860; near Mount Baker, Flett 860; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 672; Elmer 1119;
Mount Adams, lett 1353; Suksdorf 175; Loomis, Elmer 623.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.
This species appears in Suksdorf’s list as ‘A. biflora Wats. var.”

SPERGULA.

1. Spergula arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 440. 1753. SPURREY
Type LocaLity: Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895.

TISSA.
Maritime plants; leaves very fleshy.
Perennial, large-rooted; flowers large .......2-.-.-.-.----- 1. T. macrotheca.
Annual, fibrous-rooted; flowers smaller .........-.-..-..--- 2. 7’. marina.
Not maritime; leaves not fleshy. ;
Stipulesielongate; ‘silvery .- = 22 22.4.2 fee cee eet cee 3. T rubra.
Stipwies short; deMOld.... 2 sen os 55 co os ee etd oe 4. T. diandra bracteata.

1. Tissa macrotheca (Hornem.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 16: 129. 1889.
Arenaria macrotheca Hornem.; Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 53. 1826.
Lepigonum macrothecum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 14. 1835. nom. nud.
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘In sabulosis Californiae.”
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Angeles, Piper 2302 in part; Stuart Island, Lawrence 138.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Tissa marina (L.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club, 16: 126. 1889.

Arenaria rubra marina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 423. 1753.

Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl, Fl. Cech. 95. 1819.

TYPE LocaLity: Europe.

Rance: Atlantic and Pacific coasts and alkaline places in the interior.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2746; Whidby Island, Gardner 363;
Seattle, Piper, September 4, 1890; Howell 372; Port Angeles, Piper 2302 in part; Whatcom
County, Suksdorf 954; 1874, 1872.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Tissa rubra (L.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 16: 127. 1889.

Arenaria rubra L. Sp. Pl. 1: 428. 1753.

Spergularia rubra J. & C. Presl, Fl. Cech. 94. 1819.

Type Loca.ity: Europe.

Rance: British Columbia to California. Atlantic States. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2745; Tacoma, Flett 179; Oakesdale,
Piper, July 19, 1894; Union Flat, Lake & Hull, July 18, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 112;
Newport, Kreager 452.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

.

264 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

va
aR aE ate VE

3a. Tissa rubra perennans (Kindb.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 229. 1892.

Lepigonum rubrum perennans Kindb. Monogr. 41. 1863.

Spergularia rubra perennans. Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 250. 1897.

TYPE LocaLity: Sweden.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. , Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Satsop, Heller 4026; Kalama, Piper, October, 1901; Lake Park,
Piper 2126; Klickitat County, Brandegee 678; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2081;
Stuart Island, Lawrence 196.

4. Tissa diandra bracteata (Robinson).

Spergularia salsuginea bracteata Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl]. 1: 251. 1897.

Tyre Locauity: Texas.

RanGe: Washington to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2082, 176; Egbert Springs
Sandberg & Leiberg 346.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

PENTACAENA.

1. Pentacaena ramosissima (Weinm.) Hook. & Arn.; Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 338. 1833.
Loeflingia ramosissima Weinm. Bot. Zeit. 3: 608. 1820.
Paronychia? ramosissima DC. Prod. 3: 372. 1828.
Tyre cocauiry: “In apricis siccis Chili.”
Rance: Washington to California. Chile.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Heller 3939; Oyhut, Lamb 1262; Ilwaco, Piper.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

NYMPHAEACEAE. Wareruity FAmi ty. .
Leaves peltate; carpels several, l-seeded............---..-.------------- BRASENIA.
Leaves cordate;carpel 1. mnany-peeded (5.52. sie Sictcaiacs ccc de cele c cw seieie/ang a NYMPHAEA.
; BRASENIA.
1. Brasenia echreberi Gmel. Syst. Veg. 1: 853. 1796. WATERSHIELD.

Hydropeltis purpurea Michx. FI. 1: 324. 1803.

Brasenia peltata Pursh, Fl. 2: 389. 1814.

Brasenia purpurea Casp. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3?: 6. 1888.

Type Loca.ity: None given.

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Texas, and Florida.
Asia. Australia. Africa.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Washington, Piper, July, 1895; Silver Lake, Henderson,
October, 1892; Davis Lake, Kreager 443.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

NYMPHAEA.

1. Nymphaea polysepala (Engelm.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 84. 1888. Wokas.

Nuphar polysepalum Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 282. 1865.

Type vocauity: “In small lakes, in the higher Rocky Mountains, from the sources
of the Platte, near Long’s Peak, lat. 40°, to those of the Columbia River, lat. 44°.”

Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1260; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 46; Union Flat,
Lake & Hull 421; Big Meadows, Stevens Goanty., Kreager 426.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian.

The common form of this species has floating leaves, but in some lakes a form occurs in
which the leaf blade is held above the water. Forms with the outer sepals red-tinged

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 265

(Nuphar polysepalum pictum Engelm.) are of frequent occurrence. Nymphaea advena has
several times been reported from Washington, but it is improbable that that species occurs
so far west, the above being mistaken for it.

CERATOPHYLLACEAE.

CERATOPHYLLUM.

1. Ceratophyllum demersum L. Sp. PI. 2: 992. 1753.
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe.
RanacE: Temperate North America. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Washington, Piper, July 12, 1895.
This plant is common in lakes, but is rarely collected. [Fruiting specimens are very

rare. Good material is a desideratum, as there is some probability that more than one.
species occurs in Washington.

Hornwort.

RANUNCULACEAE. Burrercur Faminy.

Carpels with solitary ovules; fruit an akene.
Sepals valvate in the bud; leaves opposite .......-.----- CLEMATIS (p. 266).
Sepals imbricated in the bud; leaves not opposite.
Cauline leaves three in a whorl.
Styles short, glabrous or pubescent ......------ - ANEMONE (p. 267).

hy lee NIE PUINORG <i ey. Gee aces Saree ese Ss PULSATILLA (p. 268).
Cauline leaves alternate or leaves all basal. +

Petals none; flowers small, numerous in corymbs or
panicles. Leaves ternately decompound. .. -. - THALICTRUM (p. 268).

Leaves simple, palmate..-.............-.- TRAUTVETTERIA (p. 269).
Petals present.

Akenes numerous on an elongate receptacle;
flowers solitary on scapes; leaves entire... Myosurus (p. 269).
Akenes in a globose or oblong cluster.
Flowers white; akenes transversely wrin-

a Bie ee eT See Pee BatracuiuM (p. 270).
Flowers yellow; akenes not transversely
WIMGKIOR 5 doa e er aae ase tS cowie s Ranuncu.us (p. 270).

Carpels with several ovules, in fruit follicles or berries.
Flowers regular.
Leaves simple, palmate.
Petals none; leaves cordate-orbicular........--- CaLTHA (p. 277).
Petals linear-spatulate; leaves palmately parted. . TroLiius (p. 277).
Leaves compound.
OHO SITIO eg co's S nites wee oe ane evekase AQUILEGIA (p. 278).
Sepals not spurred.
Petals large ; sepals persistent ; flowers solitary. PAzontA (p. 278).
Petals small; sepals deciduous.
Carpels becoming berries; flowers in

TOCOHIOS cy See ren ae oe ess eo eee ActaEka (p. 278).
Carpels becoming follicles.

Follicles stipitate ; flowers solitary or
umbellate; leaves coriaceous, ever-

[ ) pee sey ee ce aaiba wre aa Ee See Cortis (p. 278).
Follicles sessile; flowers racemose;
leaves membranous, deciduous... CimiciruGa (p. 278).
Flowers irregular.

Upper sepal spurred; petals 4 .................-.- Devpuinium (p. 279).
Upper sepal hood-like; petals 2..................- AcCONITUM (p. 282).

266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

CLEMATIS. ad
Erect herbs; leaves compound with narrow segments -.-..--... - 1. C. hirsutissima.

Half-woody climbers.
Flowers large, blue, solitary.

Leaves ternate, the leaflets mostly entire .........-..- 2. C. columbiana.
Leaves biternate or nearly so ...-.-....----.-------- 3. C. alpina occidentalis.
Flowers small, white, panicled.
Akenes pubescent with straight hairs... ......-...-.- 4. C. ligusticifolia.
Akenes pubescent with crinkly hairs ...........-....-- 5. C. suksdorfii.
1. Clematis hirsutissima Pursh, Fl. 2: 385. 1814. SUGAR BOWLS.

Clematis douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 1: 1. 1829.

Type vocauity: ‘On the plains of the Columbia River.” Collected by Lewis.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana, Oregon, and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waterville, Whited 1211; Spokane County, Suksdorf 229; Hang-
man Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 14; Pullman, Piper 1450.

ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

The leaves of this plant taste like strychnine, and Geyer gives an account of the way
the Nez Perce Indians used it to stimulate fagged horses by rubbing it in their nostrils.

2. Clematis columbiana (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 11. 1838.

Atragene columbiana Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 7. 1834.

Clematis verticillaris columbiana Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 8. 1895.

? Atragene grosseserrata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 156. 1902.

Tyre cocauity: ‘Flathead River.” Collected by Wyeth.

RanGE: British Columbia and Alberta to Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Mount Carlton; Kreager 287,
291; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861. :

ZONAL DistRiBuTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

3. Clematis alpina occidentalis (Hornem.) Gray in Powell, Geol. Surv. Dakota 531.

1880.

Atragene occidentalis Hornem. Hort. Havn. 520. 1813.

Clematis pseudoatragene pseudoalpina Kuntze, Verh, Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 26: 160. 1884.

Type Locauity: Unknown.

Rance: Washington to Dakota and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 1095; Swauk Creek Moun-
tains, Brandegee 600; Cowlitz Pass, Tweedy in 1882.

Doctor Rydberg @ maintains that Hornemann’s name belongs to the plant usually called
Clematis verticlaris columbiana, and therefore takes up Kuntze’s name in the combination
Atragene pseudoalpina for the above species.

4. Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 9. 1838.

Clematis ligustifolia brevifolia Nutt. loc. cit.

Clematis brevifolia Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 8. 1897.

Type Locauity: ‘‘ Plains of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1954; Egbert Springs, Sandberg
& Leberg 386; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, October, 1892; Parker,
Dunn, August 8, 1901; Wenache, Whited 175, 1333; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892;
Wawawai, Piper 1455; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 408; Spokane County, Suksdorf 2338;

Pullman, Elmer 291; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 122; Prosser,

Cotton 623.
ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran, occasionally Arid Transition.

a Bull. Torr. Club 29: 155. 1902.

yr eee >

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 267

5. Clematis suksdorfii Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 4. 1895.
Type Locauity: Klickitat River, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf in 1881.

CLEMATIS GRAVEOLENS Lindl., an Asiatic species, has been collected by Leckenby near
Zillah as a garden escape.

ANEMONE.
Akenes densely woolly.
Pieaver Gewy the Jobers Tear: ooo 2 han vibes woah woes Saud oat 1. A. hudsoniana.
Leaves glabrate, the lobes usually cuneate -...........-...---.. 2. A. drummondii.
Akenes not woolly.
EDVOMIGIR! DAVE RN DIE 675s ooo oe fo cee eo ewane ie aees ie 3. A. deltoidea.
Involucral leaves 3 to 5-foliolate.
Flowers 8 to 12 mm. in diameter, white. ........-...-.-.-.- 4. A. lyallii.
Flowers 20 to 35 mm. in diameter.
DUGNN NOs 4A hay aut kage Meee nae 23 Sere 5. A. oregana.
PICEAIS PSIG: va. cir Saxe Pes cae ee SOE cig iieae nda Biss 6. A. quinquefolia.

1. Anemone hudsoniana (DC.) Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 741. 1823.
Anemone multifida hudsoniana DC. Syst. 1: 209. 1818.
Tyre Locauiry: “Ad sinum Hudsonianum.”’
Ranae: Alaska to Labrador, south to Arizona, Nebraska, and Maine.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Elmer 2678; Flett 121; Goat
Mountain, Allen 250; Columbia River, Douglas in 1830; Loomis, Elmer 566.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Anemone drummondii S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 424. 1880.

Anemone baldensis L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 5. 1829.

TypPE LOCALITY: Sierra County, California.

Rance: ‘British Columbia and Alberta to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2007; Flett 131; Mount Adams, Suks-
dorf, July 11, 1886; Flett 1268;. Mount Rainier, Flett 2171.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

3. Anemone deltoidea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 6. 1829.

Type Locaity: “In thick shady woods of the Columbia, near its confluence with the sea.”
Collected by Douglas.

Rance: In the coast region, Washington to north California.

SPECIMENS EXMAINED: Roy, Allen 81; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 18; Olympia, Hen-
derson, May, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2341; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 29,
1886; Vancouver, Piper 4947; Cape Horn, Piper 5005; Eatonville, Flett 2214.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

4. Anemone lyallii Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 227. 1891.

Anemone quinquefolia lyallii Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 13. 1895.

Type LocaLiry: Sumas woods, Lower Fraser River, British Columbia. Collected by
Lyall.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon, west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2675; Olympic Mountains, Henderson
2046; Silverton, Bouck lla; Klickitat River, Flett 1273; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf’ 301;
McNeils Island, Flett 54; Roslyn, Whited 299; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1958.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Transition.

5. Anemone oregana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 308. 1887.
Anemone quinquefolia oregana Robinson in Gray, Syn. FI. 1: 13. 1895.
Type Locatity: Hood River, Oregon. Collected by Mrs. Barratt.

2°68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Skamania County, Suksdrof 2;
Faleon Valley, Suksdorf, May 9, 1886; Stampede Pass, Henderson in 1892; Roslyn, Whited
298; Blue Mountains, Horner 50; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

6. Anemone quinquefolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 541. 1753.

Anemone piperi Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 153. 1902.

Type Locatity: Virginia.

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Mount Adams, Hender-
son 4; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; foothills of Blue Mountains, Horner 51; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 228, 253; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 393; Granville, Conard 361; Mount Baldy,
Conard 263.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

The western form of A. quinguefolia L. is considered by Doctor Britton a distinct species,
but the apparent differences are very slight. Our plant has been referred to as A. trifolia L.,
and it is the basis of the “A. tetonensis Porter?”’ in Suksdorf’s list. Horner’s 51 has dark
purple flowers and may be distinct.

ANEMONE NARCISSIFLORA L. is accredited to Washington by Torrey upon specimens col-
lected at Port Discovery by the Wilkes expedition. The specimen in the National Herbarium
is very young but it isnot an Anemone. Apparently it is a Ranunculus, possibly an unusual
form of R. occidentalis Nutt.

PULSATILLA.

1. Pulsatilla occidentalis (S. Wats.) Freyn, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 8: 78. 1890.

Anemone occidentalis 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 121. 1876.

Anemone alpina L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 5. 1829.

Type Locauity: “In the mountains from British Columbia southward to Mount Shasta
and Lassen’s Peak.”

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2626; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2006; Allen 98; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 654;
Entiat Creek, Mrs. Howe; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 407; Bridge Creek, Elmer 694;
above Lake Chelan, 7. 2. Wilcox in 1883.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

THALICTRUM. MeEApow RUE.

Akenes compressed, 2-edged.

Leaflets thin; inflorescence loose... ..-.-. - Si sa enip ef Shork caakie oka OR UREA
Leaflets rather thick, veiny ; pice aces narrow, ee, .. 2. T. venulosum.
Akenes terete; leaves usually glandular............---.----------- 3. T. purpurascens.

1. Thalictrum occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 372. 1872.

Thalictrum dioicum oxycarpum Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 212. 1874.

Type Locauity: Vancouver Island. Collected by Lyall.

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick and Maine, south to California and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2668; Goat Mountain, Allen 247; Silver-
ton, Bouck 1; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2339; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 307; Wenache,
Whited 8; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 788; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 405; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Mount Rainier, Piper 2022; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1893;
Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Palouse City, Henderson, July 1892; Blue Mountains,

eS ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 269

Piper, July, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1467, June, 1893; without locality, Brandegee 601;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

In Hooker’s Flora our species was referred to T. dioicum L.

2. Thalictrum venulosum Trelease, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 23: 302. 1886.
Type Locatity: “British America, Washington Territory, Wyoming, and Colorado.”’
Range: British Columbia to south Dakota, Colorado, and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Wenas River, Henderson, June, 1892; Rock Lake, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 113; Loomis, Elmer 599; Pullman, Lake & Hull 404; Piper 1467.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Thalictrum purpurascens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 546. 1753.
Tyee Locauity: ‘ Habitat in Canada.”
RanGeE: Saskatchewan to Canada, Florida, Arizona, and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Box Canyon, Kreager 377.

THALICTRUM POLYCARPUM Wats. ‘This species appears in Suksdorf’s list, but no good
evidence exists of its occurrence in Washington.

TRAUTVETTERIA.

1. Trautvetteria grandis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 37. 1838.

Tyre Loca.iry: “Shady woods of the Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and northern California.

S-ECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2676; ChehalisCounty, Lamb 1198; Mount
Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Flett 295; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 17; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 494; Cascade Mountains near Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July, 1892; Stevens
Pass, Whited 1467; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 692; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 257, 197.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian.

\ MYOSURUS. Mouse rat.

Carpels prominently beaked; spikes 2 to 6 cm. long....-.-.-.- 1. M. apetalus.
Carpels obscurely beaked; spikes elongate.
Spikes very slender, 10 to 50cm. long; seeds oblong. .-.- - - la. M. apetalus lepturus.
Spikes stouter and shorter; seeds oval.
Salt-marsh plant, mainly maritime ...........-...... 3. M. major.
INOE OS BANG: TRRTRNOR co. oa cr. cay hine e ai ems eee eee 2. M. minimus.

1. Myosurus apetalus Gay, Fl. Chil. 1: 31. pl. 1. 1845.

Myosurus aristatus Benth; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 458 bis. 1847.

Type Locauity: ‘Provincia de Coquimbo.” Chile.

Rance: British Columbia to Arizona and California. Chile. New Zealand.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 492; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20,
1897; Pasco, Hindshaw 32; Sprague, Sandberg.& Leiberg 136; Rockland, Suksdorf 834; St.
Johns, Piper 2796; Almota, Piper 2789; Pullman, Piper 1355; Waitsburg, Horner 182.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

la. Myosurus apetalus lepturus A. Gray, Bull. Torr. Club 18: 2. 1886.
Myosurus tenellus Greene, Pittonia 3: 258. 1898.
Myosurus tenellus amphioxys Greene, loc. cit.
Type Locauity: California.
Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2343; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf

So

270 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2346, 493; Mabton, Cotton 321; Rockland, Suksdorf 1959; Rock Creek, Piper 2790; Coulee

City, Piper 3875; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 112; Spokane, Piper 2283; Hangman

Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 3; Waverly, Suksdorf, 2342; Pullman, Elmer 184; Piper 1459.
ZONAL bDistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Myosurus minimus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 284: 1753.
Type Locatity: European.
Rance: Washington and California to Iinois and Florida. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2344.

3. Myosurus major Greene, Pittonia, 3: 257. 1898.

Type Locatity: Siskyou County, California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 11; Clallam County, Elmer 2674; Stuart
Island, Lawrence 77. -

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

BATRACHIUM.

1. Batrachium aquatile (L.) Wimm. FI. Schles. 8. 1841. WATER CROWFOOT.

Ranunculus aquatilis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 556. 1753.

Type Locatitry: Europe.

RanGe: Alaska to California. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1261; Tacoma, Lockenby, May, 1898; Flett, May 9,
1895; White Salmon, Suksdorf; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 90; Walla Walla region,
Brandegee 606; Pullman, Elmer 841; Hull 409; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1960.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Canadian.

la. Batrachium aquatile pantothrix (Brot.).

Ranunculus pantothriz Brot. Fl. Lusit. 2: 375. 1804.

Ranunculus aquatilis trichophyllus A. Gray, Man ed. 5, 40. 1867.

Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix.; Vill. Fl. Dauph. 1: 335. 1786, nom. nud.

Tyre Locauity: “Circa Conimbricam”’ in Lusitania.

Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to California and Tennessee. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in
1860; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 265; Harrington, Sandberg & Leiberg
220; Marshall Junction, Piper; Box Canyon, Kreager 395; Chewelah, Kreager 528; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Hull 410. :

The form in flowing streams usually has longer and more flaccid leaf-segments. It is
Ranunculus flaccidus Pers. or Batrachium flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr. and is probably worthy
of recognition as a subspecies.

1b. Batrachium aquatile caespitosum (DC.)
Ranunculus aquatilis caespitosus DC. Prod. 1: 26. 1824.
Tyre Loca.iry: None given.
Rance: Same as of B. aquatile.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 2633, 2943; Waitsburg, Horner 41.

RANUNCULUS. Burtrercup.

Plants aquatic or subaquatic; leaves finely dissected when
submersed, less so when aerial.
Akenes corky margined; flowers 15 to 25 mm. broad. 1. R. delphinifolias.
Akenes marginless; flowers 7 to 15 mm. broad....-. - 2. R. purshir.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 271

Plants terrestial but often growing in very wet places; leaves

never finely dissected.
Akenes thin-walled, the faces nerved; leaves crenate; plant
NAMIE OR TUNNONG: «0 vais shes ee rales Ses ee oe
Akenes not thin-walled nor nerved.
Leaves entire or nearly so.
Stems creeping, rooting from the nodes.
Leaves lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm. long-.......- -

Leaves linear-spatulate, 4 to 2 cm. long. __ - -
Stems erect, not rooting from the nodes.
Plants 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves lanceolate or
GING 25 Vacca nates ts tee e
‘Plants 10 to 25 em. high.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate.......-.....-

Leaves cordate or subcordate. -... -. -- -
Leaves or some of them lobed or divided.
Facesof the akenes scabrous ormuriculate ; annuals.
Pubescent; akenes hispid with hooked hairs. -
Nearly glabrous; akenes minutely spiny-. -. -
Faces of the akenes smooth or merely pilose;
mostly perennials.

Herbage glabrous or nearly so; low species.

Basal leaves 2 to 4 toothed or lobed, rarely

entire; cauline 3-cleft or 3-parted. .- -- --

Basal and cauline leaves all divided.
Annual; leaves 3 to 5-lobed or parted, the
lobes crenately incised or cleft; akenes
Bpicdiate tei (eusa-coe ese savas seeks
Perennials.
Leaves triternately divided, the seg-
ments linear or linear-spatulate. . . .
Leaves roundish in outline 3 to 5-cleft
into cuneate divisions; aie
plants.
Head of akenes globose; petals Nae:

Head of akenes oblong.

Leaves pubescent; mostly crenate
OPUODOG sine eniec ees Siac pase
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; deep-

ly cleft.
Style straight; leaves ciliate, not
OORONG soe se ture oes
Style recurved; leaves cordate,
HOt Gielen 2 ee aes
Hotness pubescent or hirsute; mostly tall

and coarse species.
Beaks of the akenes hooked at tip.
Petals showy; pubescence villous. ._...
Petals very small, pale; pubescence
hirsute.

22. R. cymbalaria.

3. R. flammula unalasch-
ensis.
3a. R. flammula reptans.

4. R. alismaefolius.
‘4a. R. alismaefolius alis-

mellus.
6. R. populago.

20. R. hebecarpus.
21. R. muricatus.

7. R. glaberrimus.

9. R. sceleratus.

8. R. triternatus.

10. R. suksdorfii.

5. R. cardiophyllus.

11. R. eschscholtzii.

12. R. verecundus.

14. R. occidentalis.

13. R. bongardit.
13a. R. bongardii greene.

272 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Beaks of the akenes not hooked at tip.
Akenes with a short beak.
Plants decumbent, creeping by
stolons; petals showy - .- --- 17. R. repens.
Plants erect or ascending, not
stoloniferous.
Head of akenes oblong; petals
not longer than the sepals.. 15. R. pennsylvanicus.
Head of akenes globose ; petals
longer than the sepals.
Herbage smooth or but lit-
tle hirsute: =..5-..%.<s.- 16. R. oreganus.
Herbage very hirsute... . . 6a. R. oreganus macounti
Akenes with a long beak.
Leaf segmentsrathersmall, linear
to cuneate-obovate, and 2 or z:
3-lobed or toothed. .......- 18. R. orthorhynchus.
Leaf segments large, 2 to 6 cm.
long, oblong to ovate, cleft and
WOME a's cc cucaybauseseeceh 19. R. platyphyllus.

1. Ranunculus delphinifolius Torr. in Eaton, Man. ed. 2. 395. 1818.
Ranunculus multifidus Pursh, Fl]. 2: 736. 1814, not Forst. 1775.
Tyre vocatity: None given.
Rance: British Columbia to Canada, south to California and North Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 82; west Klickitat cot
Suksdorf 2348; Cheney, Mrs. Tucker 83.
ZONAL DistriBuTION: Arid Transition.

la. Ranunculus delphinifolius terrestris (A. Gray).
Ranunculus multifidus terrestris A. Gray, Man, ed. 5, 41. 1872.
Tyree cocauity: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Rance: Same as of the species.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf.

2. Ranunculus purshii Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 741. 1823.

Ranunculus limosus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 20. 1838.

Tyre Locauity: “ Wooded country from latitude 54° to 64° north.”

Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, New Mexico, and Michigan.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Whatcom
County, Gardner 401; Ellensburg, Whited 645; Lincoln County, Henderson 2369; near
Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 209; Box Canyon, Kreager 394; Mission, Kreager 494; Valley,
Beattie & Chapman 2161.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Ranunculus flammula unalaschensis (Bess.) Ledeb. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 34*:
41. 1861.

Ranunculus unalaschensis Bess. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 32. 1841, as synonym.

Ranunculus flammula intermedius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 11. 1829.

Ranunculus intermedius Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 580. 1898, not Poir. 1804.

Tyre Loca.ity: Unalaska.

RanGe: California to Newfoundland and northward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2620; Montesano, Heller 3927; Seattle,
Piper, July 2, 1896; Coupeville, Gardner 5; Silverton, Bouck 4; Tacoma, Flett 883, 34;
Manor, Piper; Roslyn, Whited 471; east base Mount Adams, Cooper; Toppenish, Hen-
derson; Pend Oreille River, Lyall; Spokane, Piper 2635; Pullman, Hull 415; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Usk, Kreager 364.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

—_ ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. al

8a. Ranunculus flammula reptans (L.) Schlecht.; E. Meyer, Pl. Labr. 96. 1830.
Ranunculus reptans L. Sp. Pl. 1: 549. 1753.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Habitat in Suecia, Russia, ad ripas lacuum.”’
Range: Alaska to Hudson Bay and south to California, Colorado, and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1252; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall;
Fidalgo Island, Flett 2114; Chelan, Elmer 490; Lake Chelan, Lake, August 13, 1892; Lake
Kalispel, Kreager 319.

4. Ranunculus alismaefolius Geyer; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 295. 1848.

Tyre Locatity: “In uliginosis (Bear Valley) montium Sacramenti.”’

Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Pullman, Elmer 817; Piper 1461;
Hull 776.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

Geyer’s original specimens were from the “plains of Coeur d’Aleine,” Idaho, but the
spectes was first described as above. Dr. E. L. Greene (Erythea 8: 45. 1895) considers
the Rocky Mountain plant distinct from the Californian and names it R. calthaeflorus.

4a. Ranunculus alismaefolius alismellus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 327. 1868.

Ranunculus alismellus Greene, Fl. Fran. 297. 1892.

Type Locaity: ‘‘Lake Tenaya and on Mt. Dana,” California.

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Suksdorf 495;
Howell; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 6, 1886; Klickitat River, Fett 1271; Upper Yakima,
Brandegee; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1183.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

5. Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:14. pl. 5. 1829.

Ranunculus affinis lasiococcus Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 213. 1874.

Type Locatity: ‘ From Canada to lat. 55°.’’ Collected by Richardson.

Rance: British Columbia to Assiniboia and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane to Fort Colville, Wilkes
Expedition.

6. Ranunculus populago Greene, Erythea 3: 19. 1895 (February).
Ranunculus cusickii Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. If. 5: 615. 1895.
Type Locaity: Eagle Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
RanGeE: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 269.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

7. Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 12. 1829.

TYPE Locaity: “Common on the mountains around the Kettle Falls, and on the Rocky
Mountains near the limits of perpetual snow.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Dakota, Colorado, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Atanum River, Flett 1266; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 307;
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 232; Ellensburg, Whited, March 28, 1897; Hangman Creck,
Sandberg & Leiberg 8; without locality, Brandegee 611; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson in
1884; Colville, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Elmer 85; Piper 1462; Cheney, Tucker.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

8. Ranunculus triternatus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 370. 1886.

Type Locauity: “On high hills near Goldendale,” Klickitat County, Washington. Col-
lected by Howell.

Range: Klickitat County, Washington.
29418—06 mM——18

274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Goldendale, Howell, April 20, 1882; Klickitat Hills, Gor-
man, April, 1895.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

9. Ranunculus sceleratus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 551. 1753.

Ranunculus eremogenes Greene, Erythea 4: 121. 1896.

Tyre LocaLity: European.

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, Arizona, Kansas, and Florida. Asia.
Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Piper; Fairhaven, Henderson, July 2, 1892;
Rock Creek, Piper 2793; junction Crab and. Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 285; Whidby
Island, Gardner 4; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Alma, Elmer 547; Coulee City,
Lake & Hull 413; Meyers Falls, Kreager; Stuart Island, Lawrence 152.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

10. Ranunculus suksdorfii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 371. 1886.

Tyre Locaciry: Mount Adams, Washington, in damp ground at 6,000 to 7,000 feet
altitude. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 1846; Mount Rainier, Allen 97;
Piper 2005; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 234, 628; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 766.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

11. Ranunculus eschsholtzii Schlect. Ranunc. 2: 16. 1820.
Type voca.iry: “Hab. in insulis Unalaschka et St. Georgii.’
Rance: Alaska to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2004; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1361; Cas-
cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 609; Elmer 1215;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 92; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 775; Stevens Tass, Sandberg
c& Leiberg 769.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

?

Collected by Chamisso.

12. Ranunculus verecundus Robinson, sp. nov.

Herba parva perennis } dm. alta; radice e fibris numerosis fuscis longis haud incrassatis
composita; caudice erecto a basibus petiolorum latiusculis pallidis submembranaceis deinde
in fibris dissolutis amplecto; caulibus 4 suberectis vel valde nutantibus vel etiam procum-
bentibus saepius semel ramosis; foliis radicalibus paucis vel saepius sate numerosis, limbo
reniformi vel suborbiculari conspicue cordato tripartito 2-2.5 em. lato utrinque glabro,
segmentis 3-5-lobatis vel profunde crenatis, lobis oblongis obtusis vel rotundatis, petiolo
2-4 cm. longo glabro vel sparse villosulo basi membranaceo-expanso; foliis caulinis 1-3
distantibus breviter petiolatis fere ad basin 3-5-partitis, segmentis lineari-oblongis vel
angustissime ellipticis; pedunculis teretibus glabris 3-7 cm. longis; sepalis 5 concavis
suborbicularibus purpurascentibus dorso pubescentibus apice rotundatis margine palles-
centibus 2-4 mm. longis; petalis obovatis sepala aequantibus vel vix superantibus flavis
sed in specimine exsiccato albescentibus venosis persistentibus; staminibus numerosis,
antheris flavibus quam filamenta filiformia brevioribus; achaeniis numerosis in capitulo
ovoideo vel breviter cylindrico congestis glabris a latere compressis 1.8 mm. longis obo-
voideis apice stylo brevi recurvato coronatis; receptaculo ellipsoideo vel subcylindrico
foveolato albescenti praeter apicem villosulum glaberrimo.

Wasutneton: Wet gravelly places, Mount Paddo (Adams), altitude 1,850-2,150 meters,
July 31, 1883, W. NV. Suksdorf 93 (type, in Hb. Gray); same locality and collector, August
30, 1904; rocky ridges and ledges, Mount Rainier, altitude 2,300 meters, J. B. Flett 2177.
Montana: Little Belt Mountains, altitude 2,600 meters, 7. L. Scribner, August 12, 1883,
4 (Hb. Gray).

From its nearest allies, this species may be distinguished as follows: From R. esch-
scholtzii Schlecht. it differs in its decidedly cordate scarcely or not at all ciliate leaves, and

ie -

a eee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 275

larger achenes with relatively shorter strongly recurved style. From R. pedatifidus J. EK.
Sm. (2. affinis R. Br.) it differs in its glabrous achenes and less deeply and narrowly cleft
foliage. From R. alpeophilus A. Nelson it may be distinguished by its cordate leaves and
’ by the fact that the receptacle is villous only at the tip. Finally from 2. allenic Robinson,
a plant of Labrador which in many ways it rather closely simulates, it differs in its cordate
leaves and somewhat larger achenes.

13. Ranunculus bongardi Greene, Erythea 3: 54. 1895.

Ranunculus tenellus Nutt.; Torr & Gr. Fl. 1: 23. 1838, not Viviani 1831.

Ranunculus nelsoni tenellus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 374. 1872.

Ranunculus occidentalis tenellus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 373. 1886

Ranunculus bongardi tenellus Greene, Erythea 3: 54. 1895.

Ranunculus douglasii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 18. 1897.

Ranunculus arcuatus Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 310. 1897. °

Ranunculus bongardui douglasii Davis, Minn. Bot. Stud. 2: 479. 1900.

Type Locauity: “Shady woods of the Oregon and Wahlamet Rivers.” Collected by
Nuttall.

Range: Alaska to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2672, 2679; Admiralty Head, Piper,
April, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 38; Silverton, Bouck 52a; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf,
May 20, 1886; Klickitat River, Flett 1272; Roslyn, Whited 409; Rock Creek, Sandberg &
Leiberg 95; Spokane, Dewart, May 3, 1901; Pullman, Elmer 847; Hull 411; Piper, May 31,
1894; Waitsburg, Horner 43.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

This and the following were erroneously referred in older works to R. recurvatus Poir.

13a. Ranunculus bongardi greenei (Howell).

Ranunculus greene Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 18. 1897.

Ranunculus oceidentalis lyalli A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 373. 1886, not R. lyalli Hook.
f. 1864.

Ranunculus tenellus lyalli Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1!: 33. 1895.

¢*Ranunculus occidentalis parviflorus Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 214. 1874.

Type Locatity: Pend Oreille River, Idaho or Washington, near latitude 49°. Collected
by Lyall.

RanGeE: Alaska to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Washington, Suksdorf 951; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Port Ludlow, Binns; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Silverton,
Bouck 52; Hoquiam, Lamb 1029, 1071; Seattle, Piper 223; Nisqually Valley, Allen 62,
Piper, July 30, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 39; Roy, Brodie, June, 1901; Olympia, Henderson
2372; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf; Pend Oreille River, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1861; Clarks
Springs, Kreager 58; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Horner 45.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

14. Ranunculus occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 22. 1838.

Ranunculus tenuipes Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 50. 1904.

Tyre Locaity: “Plains of the Oregon River, near woods.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3935; Humptulips, Lamb 1186; Whidby
‘Island, Gardner 3; Tacoma, Flett 20; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Vancouver, Piper
4947.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

15. Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L.. f. Suppl. 272. ah
Type Locaity: “Habitat in Pennsylvania.”
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Arizona and Georgia.

276 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner; Puyallup, Piper, August 26, 1897;
Alma, Elmer 542; Fort Colville, Geyer 580; McCloud Lake, Suksdorf 2213.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

16. Ranunculus oreganus (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 19. 1897.

Ranunculus hispidus oregana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 376. 1886.

Ranunculus macounii oreganus Davis, Minn. Bot. Stud. 2: 469. 1900.

Ranunculus nitidus Ell. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 20. 1829.

Type Locauity: “Shady and wet grounds, Oregon, on the Columbia.”

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, //eller 3850; Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 233,
May 20, 1886.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

16a. Ranunculus oreganus macounii (Britton).

Ranunculus macounii Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12: 3. 1892.

Ranunculus hispidus Michx. err. det. Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 1: 19. 1830.

Type vocatity: “Banks of rivers from Canada to near the mouth of the Mackenzie
River, lat. 67°; and from the shores of Hudson’s Bay to the Pacific.”

Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward in the mountains to New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 26, 1886; Cheney, Tucker 43;
Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 152; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited
475; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Marshall Junction, Piper 2261; Pullman, Piper 3526;
Waitsburg, Horner 42; Loon Lake, Beattie & Chapman 2066.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

17. Ranunculus repens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 554. 1753.
Tyre Locatiry: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Black River Junction, Piper.

18. Ranunculus orthorhynchus Hook. FI]. Bor. Am. 1: 21. 1829.

Tyee Locauiry: “Not unfrequent on the low points of land near rivers, in North-West
America.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: New London, Lamb 1202; Whidby Island, Gardner 1, 8; Seattle,
Piper 1126; Tacoma, Flett, May 5, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 26, 1886; Manor,
Piper, July 14, 1899.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

19. Ranunculus platyphyllus (A. Gray).

Ranunculus orthorhynchus platyphyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 377. 1886.

Ranunculus maximus Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 14: 118. 1887.

Type Locauity: “In wet pieces, Wasatch Mountains and Idaho to E. Oregon and Cali-
fornia south to Marin County.”

Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1270; Pull-
man, Piper 1463; Elmer 838; Hull 414.

ZONAL DisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

All Washington references to Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. really refer to R. platy-
phyllus.
20. Ranunculus hebecarpus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 316. 1840.

Ranunculus hebecarpus pusillus Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 9. 1876.

Type Locatity: California.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 228; Waseeeat Elmer 75; Piper 3821.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 277

21. Ranunculus muricatus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 555. 1753.
Type Locatitry: Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1885.

22. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh, Fl. 2: 392. 1814.
’ Tyre vocauity: “In saline marshes near the salt works of Onondaga, New York.”
Rance: Alaska to California and New Jersey. Central and South America. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns; Yakima,
Leckenby, May 9, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 414; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Sprague,
Sandberg & Leiberg 135; Prosser, Cotton 653. .

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

CALTHA.

Flowers yellow; stems decumbent. ............-------2--20-00.0-- 1. C. asarifolia.
“Flowers white; stems erect.
Leaves reniform-orbicular, crenate........-..--.------------- 2. C. biflora.

Leaves cordate, longer than broad...........-...-.----------- 3. C. leptosepala.
1. Caltha asarifolia DC. Syst. 1: 309. 1823. MARSH MARIGOLD.

Type Locauity: “Hab. in insula Ounalaschka una ex ins. Aleuterianis.”
Rance: Alaska to Oregon along the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Granville, Conard 367,

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian?

This seems fairly distinct from the eastern C. palustris L.

2. Caltha biflora DC. Syst. 1: 310. 1818.

Caltha malvacea Greene, Pittonia 4: 75. 1899.

Type Locauity: ‘In ora occidentali Americae borealis in continente prope insulam
Banksii.’”’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: Alaska to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2780; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 496; Yakima Pass, Watson 16; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

8. Caltha leptosepala DC. Syst. 1: 310. 1818.

Caltha macounii, Greene, Pittonia 4: 77. 1899.

Caltha howellii Greene, op. cit. 79.

Type Locatitry: Prince Williams Sound, Alaska. Collected by Menzies.

Ranae: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper
2001, Flett 251; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 74; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August, 1892;
Goat Mountain, Allen 147; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 406; Elmer 731.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

TROLLIUS.

1. Trollius laxus Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 303. 1807. GLOBE FLOWER.
Trollius larus albiflorus A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. Il. 33: 241. 1862.
Type Loca.ity: “ Prope Lancaster in Pennsylvania.’’
- Rance: British Columbia to New Hampshire, south to Washington, Utah, and Delaware.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 96; Elmer 2668; Piper, August, 1895;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49,° Lyall in 1860; Weneche, Elmer 439; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1241.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

278 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

. ACTAEA.
1. Actaea spicata arguta (Nutt.) Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 63, 1856. BANEBERRY.

Actaea arguta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:35. 1838. ~

Actaea eburnea Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 153. 1900.

Type Locauity: ‘ ‘Woods of the Oregon and its tributary streams.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Alaska to Montana, California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2664; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Silver-
ton, Bouck 5; Lakeview, Henderson, July 1892; without locality, Brandegee 617; without
locality, Vasey 164; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 416; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; without
locality, Henderson, June, 1892; Blue Mountains, Horner 270; Clarks Springs, Kreager 127;
Mount Carlton, Kreager 292, 297.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

The fruit of this species is usually scarlet, but white-berried forms occur, distinguishable
by no other character.

COPTIS. Go.prureap.

Leaflets large, 5 to 8 em. long, obscurely lobed oor ten dees 1. C. occidentalis.
Leaflets smaller, 3-parted and incised.........-...-..--.-.-.---.---- 2. C. laciniata.

1. Coptis occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 28. 1838.

Chrysocoptis occidentalis Nutt. Journ, Acad. Phila. 7: 8. 1834.

Tyre Locauity: Rocky Mountains in North Idaho or West Montana. Collected by
Wyeth.

Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; lone, Kreager 401; Newport,
Piper 4213.

ZONAL DisTRiBUTION: Canadian and Arid Transition.

2. Coptis laciniata A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 297. 1887
Tyre Locatity: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Rance: Washington to northern California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wind River, Flett 1297.

CIMICIFUGA.

1. Cimicifuga elata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:36. 1838.

Type Locauity: “Shady woods of the Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2662; Mashel Mountain, Piper in 1888;
Skamania County, Suksdorf 1990; near Vancouver, Piper 3502.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

PAEONIA.

1. Paeonia brownii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 27. 1829.

Type Locauity: “Near the confines of perpetual snow on the subalpine range of Mount
Hood,” Oregon. Collected by Douglas in 1826.

Rance: Washington to Utah and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 329;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 497; Leavenworth, Savage 45; Blue Mountains, Piper 2424;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian or Canadian.

AQUILEGIA. CoLuMBINE.

Hlowerk scariet ANG POOW: 5.525 focs cose at anewnatsccte seesaw t waion 1. A. formosa.
Blowers wholly Younes bc5565 oso sncs . vateenn dager ec ae asec 3% 2. A. flavescens.

—s

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 279

1. Aquilegia formosa Fisch.; DC. Prod. 1: 50. 1824.

Aquilegia columbiana Rydberg, Bull. Torr: Club, 29: 145. 1902. |

Type Locauity: “In Kamchatka.”

Range: Alaska to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2671; Montesano, Heller 3936; Hump-
tulips, Lamb 1180; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Goat Mountains, Allen 249;
Silverton, Bouck 9; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 385; without locality, Vasey
in 1889; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Cold Creek, Cotton 395; Ellensburg, E/mer 409,
Whited 714; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1299; Gilberts Mining Claim, Whited 45, 153;
Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 403; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Wibbur,
Henderson, July, 1892; Fresh Lake, McKay 28; Loomis, Elmer in 1897; Blue Mountains,
Piper, August, 1896; Lake & Hull, July, 1892.

This species has great altitudinal range occurring from sea level up to 1,800 meters alti-

tude. It also occurs in eastern Washington in the Upper Sonoran zone. Such plants are
usually finely puberulent throughout and perhaps constitute a good subspecies.

2. Aquilegia flavescens S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 10. 1871.

TypPE Loca.ity: “ Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains, Utah; 5-7,000 feet altitude.”

Rance: British Columbia to Utah and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 8; Swauk Creek, Brandegee 614; Wenache
Mountains, Elmer 446; Mount Baldy, Cotton 1702; Chewaukum, Whited 2533.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

So far as northwestern specimens are concerned A. flavescens is a mere subspecies of
A. formosa, all intergrades occurring between them. In some places the two grow together
and then merge in all particulars.

DELPHINIUM. Larkspur.

Roots fasciculate, elongated, not tuberlike.
Pedicels usually shorter than the flowers and fruit;
plants about 1 meter high.
Inflorescence densely short-villous; flowers
SPOONS cea edie pois tae eee ie eee 2. D2. viridescens.
Inflorescence not villous; flowers blue.
Leaf divisions narrow; whole plant puberu-

lent; flowers bright blue. .......-...-.- 1. D. scopulorum stachydeum.
Leaf divisions broad, glaucous beneath,
glabrous; flowers dull blue....-....-.. 1b. D. seopulorum glaucum.

Pedicels longer than the flowers and fruit; plants
30 to 60 cm. high.
Flowers blue; inflorescence not glandular- - - - - 3. D. bicolor
Flowers ochroleucous; inflorescence glandular. 4. D. xantholeucum.
Roots thickened, forming irregular tubers.
Pedicels ascending or spreading, longer than the
flowers and fruit.
Mature follicles widely recurving.......------ ! 5. D. menziesii.
Mature follicles contiguous or spreading only
at the tips. :
Stems tall, leafy; leaf segments cleft into

narrow lobes; flowers 10 to 20........- 6. D. columbianum.
Stems low, few leaved; leaves pedately
parted; flowers few..2. ..2 5.5.5 26.202 7. D. depauperatum.

Pedicels erect or ascending, short, the inflorescence
OPIRGrKG = Joss sawciesny avslbes oases pe ees kee 8. D. simplex.

280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Delphinium scopulorum stachydeum A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12:52. 1887.
Tyre Locauity: “Interior of Oregon.’”’ Coflected by Cusick.
Rance: Washington to New Mexico and Arizona.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1264.

la. Delphinium scopulorum subalpinum A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 52. 1887.
Tyre Loca.ity: ‘ Headwaters of Clear Creek, Colorado.”
Rance: Blue Mountains to Colorado and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 267; Piper 2442.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

1b. Delphinium scopulorum glaucum A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 52. 1887.
Delphinium glaucum Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 427. 1880.
Type Locauity: “Big Tree Road,’ California. Collected by Brewer.
Rance: Alaska to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2677; Mount
Rainier, Piper, August, 1888; Nisqually Valley, Allen 248; Yakima County, Brandegee 615.
ZONAL pisTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Delphinium viridescens Leiberg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 39. 1897.

Tyre Locauity: Near Peshastin, Washington.

Rance: Chelan County, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Valley, Sandberg & Leiberg 563; Leavenworth, Whited
2556.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.
8. Delphinium bicolor Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 10. 1834.

Delphinium glareosum Greene, Pittonia 3: 257. 1896.

Delphinium bicolor glareosum Davis, Minn. Bot. Studies, 2: 439. 1900.

Type Locauity: ‘On dry hills, near Flathead or Sailish River, toward the south sources
of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: British Columbia to Utah and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountain, Allen 146; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August,
1895; Elmer 2665; Flett 81.

4. Delphinium xantholeucum sp. nov.

Perennial from thick elongate black roots 5 to 10 em. Jong; stems 60 to 80 em. high,
glabrous and glaucous up to the inflorescence; leaf blades orbicular in outline, thickish,
glabrous and glaucous, 2 to 8 cm. broad, parted nearly to the base into 5 cuneate segments,
these deeply 2 to 3-cleft into linear lobes; petioles glabrous and glaucous, 2 to 3 times as
long as the blades; bracts narrowly linear, or the lowest cuneate and 2 or 3-cleft; inflores-
cence viscid-pubescent, very loose, 15 to 40 cm. long; pedicels curved, spréading, the lower
5 cm. or more Jong; flowers pale yellow, the sepals greenish and viscid pubescent outside;
sepals and petals 10 to 12 mm. long, the stout straight spur 15 mm. long; lateral petals
white-bearded; filaments blue-veined; follicles 3, straight, erect, reticulate-veined, hairy,
10 tg 15 mm. long; seeds dark-colored, the angles produced into white scarious wings.

Related to D. bicolor Nutt., but a larger plant, with constantly pale yellowish flowers,
and the whole inflorescence viscid-pubescent even to the pods.

Collected by Kirk Whited at Wenache, Wash., May 14, 1899, in flower; May 24, 1899, in
fruit; also by G. R. Vasey in 1889, no locality indicated.

5. Delphinium menziesii DC. Syst. 1: 355. 1818.

Delphinium pauperculum Greene, Pittonia 1: 284. 1889.

Type Looa.ity: ‘Hab. in Nova-Georgia.’’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 9; Drayton Harbor, Lyall, May 3, 1858;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Kickitat River, Flett 1269; Falcon Valley,

Pa Ce

il lt a ak eee

_ PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 281

Suksdorf, May 10, 1886; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 11, 1886; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf, July 13, 1886; North Yakima, Leckenby, April 18, 1898; Ellensburg, Piper, May
20, 1897, 2698; Whited 306; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane, Piper, May 16,
1896; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 27; Colfax, Henderson; Pullman, Elmer 221;
Piper 1457; Mount Carlton, Kreager 250; Seattle, Piper 217; Prosser, Cotton 583; Sunny-
side, Cotton 349.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

6. Delphinium columbianum Greene, Erythea 2: 193. 1894.

Delphinium nuttallii A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 51, 54. 1887, not D. nuttallanum Pritzel.

Type Ltocauiry: “Along and near the Columbia River above The Dalles.”

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner; Clallam County, Elmer 2673; Montesano,
Heller 3879; Cape Horn, Piper 4967; Woodlawn, Henderson; Olympia, Kincaid; Muckle-
shoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Fourth Plain, Piper 3071; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 4,
1886; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 326; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Clealum, Whited 402; with-
out locality, Howell; Blue Mountains, Piper 2443; Lewis River, cultivated at Pullman,
Piper 3818; Columbia River, Nuttall.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

7. Delphinium depauperatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 33. 1838.

Delphinium pauciflorum Nutt. loc. cit., not D. Don. 1803.

Delphinium nuttalliianum Pritzel, in Walp. Rep. 2: 744. 1843.

Tyee Locaity: ‘In the shade of pine woods in the Blue Mountains of the Oregon.”
Collected by Nuttall. .

Rance: Washington to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 785; Mount Carlton, Kreager
250.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

8. Delphinium simplex Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 25. 1829.

Tyre Locaity: “On the subalpine range west of the Rocky Mountains near the Colum-
bia, plentiful.’”’ Collected by Douglas. =~

Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 4 and 24, 1886; Klickitat
County, Howell, June, 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 497; Ellensburg, Piper 2740; Whited
523; Toppenish, Henderson 2374; Loomis, Elmer 594; Spangle, Suksdorf 235; Spokane, Piper
June 25, 1897; Spokane County, Suksdorf 720; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman,
Piper 3100, 1458; Hardwick in 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

8a. Delphinium simplex distichiflorum Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 67. 1847.

Delphinium distichum Geyer; Hook. op. cit. 68, as synonym.

Delphinium azureum Michx. err. det. Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 217. 1874.

Type Locauity: “Grassy stony borders of rivulets, high plains of Spokane and Nez
Percez.”

Rance: Idaho, Eastern Washington, and Eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 25, 1886; Klickitat River,
Suksdorf, July 16, 1886 ; Glenwood, Flett 1267 ; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Tieton River,
Cotton 449; without locality, Hilgard in 1882; Big Meadows, Stevéns County, Kreager
417.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

282 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

ACONITUM.

1. Aconitum columbianum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 34. 1838. ACONITE.

Aconitum nasutum Fisch. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 26. 1829.

Tyre Loca.ity: “Springy places on the Oregon below Walla Walla.’’ Collected by
Nuttall.

‘RanGe: British Columbia to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Stuart,
Sandherg & Leiberg 577; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1177; Tieton River, Cotton 453; Sim-
coe Mountains, Howell 305; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Conconully, Whited
1310; Okanogan County, Whited 224; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Hangman Creek,
Suksdezf 236; Blue Mountains, Piper 2416, 2456; Lake & Hull 400.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

BERBERIDACEAE. Barperry FaAminy.

Shrubs; leaves evergreen, pinnate, spiny ..........-........-.------- BErseris.
Herbs; leaves deciduous, not pinnate nor spiny.
Leaves ternately compound; flowers panicled .........-.-.-.--.-.- VANCOUVERIA.
Leaves 3-parted; flowers spicate -.................-.---2------- AcHLYs.
BERBERIS.
Renato palatable Nervet. 2: 2252222252522 2c sheet ege esse ore ees 1. B. nervosa.
Leaflets pinnately nerved.
Leaflets 5 to 11, shining, strongly spinulose.........-.-...-..-...- 2. B. aquifolium.
Leaflets 3 to 7, dull, often glaucous, weakly spinulose.............. 3. B. repens.
1. Berberis nervosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 219. 1814. OREGON GRAPE,

Mahonia glumacea DC. Syst. 2: 21. 1821.

Tyre Loca.ity: Same place as that of Berberis aquifolium.

Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Also local in North Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2758; near Montesano, Heller 3991;
Whidby Island, Gardner 12; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns;
Tacoma, Flett 109; Olympia, Henderson, October, 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 136;

Roy, Allen 77; Lower Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf; Peshastin Canyon, Watson 25; Rail-

road Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chewaukum, Whited
2546.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Berberis aquifolium Pursh, Fl. 1: 219. 1814. — OREGON GRAPE.

Type Locauity: “On the great rapids of the Columbia among rocks in rich vegetable
soil.”’ Collected by Lewis.

Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Admiralty Head,
Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 73; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 135; Roy, Allen 98;
Klickitat River, Flett 1265; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; White Salmon, Suksdorf 231; Wenache
Mountains, Whited, July 4, 1900; Fort Colville, Lyall; Watson 24; Lake Chelan, Lake &
Hull 422; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; without locality, Cooper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, rarely Arid Transition.

Pursh’s actual type specimen now preserved in the Philadelphia Academy is certainly
the plant generally accepted under this name and not the same as B. repens Lindl. as has
been claimed. Lewis’s specimens of this and of B. nervosa were collected at the Great
Rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia, in which vicinity B. repens seems not to occur.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 283

38. Berberis repens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1176. 1828.

Type Loca.ity: A native of the north-western part of North America.” Originally col-
lected by Lewis and Clark.

Rance: British Columbia to California, Wyoming, and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 4234; Union Flat, Piper, April, 1897; Spokane,
Sandberg & Leiberg 73; Davis ranch, Kreager, July 21, 1902; Pullman, Beattie, May 7, 1902;
without locality, Vasey in 1889. iy

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

VANCOUVERIA.

1. Vancouveria hexandra (Ilook.) Morr. & Dec. Ann. Sci. Nat. IT. 2: 351. 1834.

Epimedium hexandra Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 30. 1830.

Tyre Locauity: “North-West coast of America.’’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb 247; Nisqually River, Piper 2059; Allen
66; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Fort Van-
couver, Dr. T. E. Wilcox, May, 1883; Manor, Piper, July 10, 1899; Cape Horn, Piper 5007;
Vancouver, Piper 4921.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

ACHLYS.

1. Achlys triphylla (Smith) DC. Syst. 2: 35. 1821. VANILLA LEAF.

Leontice triphylla Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 20: no. 5. 1812. ,

Type Locatity: “On the west coast of North America.” Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia to North California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2757; Roy, Allen 95; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 64; Mason County, Kincaid, May, 1892; Marshfield, Henderson, June, 1892;
Tacoma, Flett 62; Olympia, O. E. Pelton in 1879; White Salmon, Suksdorf 230; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

PAPAVERACEAE. Porry Faminy.

Flowers regular.
Leaves alternate, lobed or dissected.

Sepals united, funnel-shaped; stigmas not united... . -. - EscHscHo.zia (p. 283).
Sepals free; stigmas united.......-.-. See wes ecome PAPAVER (p. 283).
Leaves opposite, entire; stigmas free............--.------- PLAysTIGMA (p. 284).
Flowers irregular.
Outer petals both spurred or gibbous...........-.-.--.--.- BiKUKULLA (p. 284).
Oi One Ua! BpWtTOd 2-4 est susct bic ya Oe pays yea tee c CAPNOIDES (p. 284).
ESCHSCHOLZIA.

1. Eschscholzia columbiana Greene, Pittonia 5: 231. 1905.
Type Locauity: “Lower Columbia River in Washington.”’ Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Lower Columbia Valley, Washington and Oregon. .
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf, said to be native.
The commonly cultivated E. californica Cham. is a frequent garden escape, and it is
probably sucha plant that is recorded in Cooper’s list as Chryseis californica.

PAPAVER.

1. Papaver argemone L. Sp. PI. 1: 506. 1753.
Type Locatity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Dewart, May 20, 1901.

284 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

PLATYSTIGMA.

1. Platystigma oreganum (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook.; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 20.
1876.

Meconella oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 64. 1838.

Type Locauity: “Open plains of the Oregon near its confluence with the Wahlamet.”
Collected by Nuttall.

RanGeE: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 13; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Alki
Point, Piper 1098; Tacoma, Flett 80; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1878.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. +

BIKUKULLA.
Inflorescence simple and racemiform.
Flowers nearly white; corolla divergently 2-spurred ........-..-.-.- 1. B. eucullaria.
Flowers pink; corolla saccate at base...........-..--.-.-----.--- 2. B. uniflora.
Inflorescence thyrsonl; flower pink ; ... << << .s.acs< a. - acess 00nces eos 3. B. formosa.
1. Bikukulla cucullaria (L.) Millsp. Bull. W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. 2: 327. 1892.

DUTCHMAN’S BREECHES.
Fumaria cucullaria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 699. 1753.

Diclytra cucullaria DC. Syst. 2: 108. 1821.
Bicuculla occidentalis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 160. 1902.
Type voca.ity: ‘ Habitat in Virginia, Canada.”

RANGE: as and Oregon to Nova Scotia, southward to Missouri and North

Carolina.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1946; Almota, Piper 1876; Waits-
burg, Horner 118.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Bikukulla uniflora (Kellogg) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 34. 1897.

Dicentra uniflora Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 4: 141. 1870.

Type Locauity: ‘At Cisco and at the summit of the Sierra Nevada mountains on the
line of the Central Pacific Railroad.”

RanGe: Washington to California and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 330; Flett 1264.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ?

3. Bikukulla formosa (Andr.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 60. 1893.

Fumaria formosa Andr. Bot. Rep. 6: pl. 393. 17974

Diclytra formosa DC, Syst. 2: 109. 1821.

Dielytra formosa G. Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl 1: 140. 1831.

Dielytra saccata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 67. 1838.

Tyre Locatiry: Not known.

RanGE: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2816; Seattle, Smith 18; Piper, May,
1891; Tacoma, Flett 64; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 63; Silverton, Bouck 13; Horse-
shoe Basin, Lake & Hull 419; Stevens Pass, Whited 1438; Kittitas County, Sandberg &
Leiberg 702; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

CAPNOIDES.

Blowers pinks leaves wary Jaffe > 2.0.04 os wnd6 pce ek cot ene seed 1. C. scouleri.
Flowers yellow ;: leaves Moderate, co scstiaa scapes catenscchsocestsne-e54 2. C. aurea.

1. Capnoides scouleri (Hook.) Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 15. 1891.
Corydalis scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 36. 1829.

——

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. ~ 285

Corydalis macrophylla Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 69. 1838.

Tyee Locatity: “In dark shady woods of North-West America; plentiful near the
confluence of the Columbia with the sea.” Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3871; Little Hoquiam River, Lamb
1063; Succotash Valley, Piper, August, 1895; July, 1895; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid,
June 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 118; Steilacoom; Ilwaco, Piper 4958.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

2. Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 14. 1891.

Corydalis aurea Willd. Enum. 740. 1809.

Type Looa.ity: “Habitat in Canada.”

Rance: British Columbia to Hudson Bay and New England, southward to Arizona and
Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 432; Spokane, Piper, May,
1898; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Wawawai, Elmer, June, 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

BRASSICACEAE. Musrarp F amity.

Pods indehiscent.
Flowers red; pods elongate, cylindric, somewhat con-
BORO he aie di Sea es gai capac, aee 28. RapHANuS (p. 307).
Flowers not red; pods orbicular or globose.
Pods globose, reticulated; flowers yellow
Pods flattened, orbicular; flowers white.

Pons Soe 25. NesLiA (p. 306).

Fruit wingless; pubescence branched. -. -- - . - 26. AruysaNus (p. 306).
Fruit winged; pubescence simple... .-..-.-- 27. THysaNocarpPus (p. 306).
Pods dehiscent, 2-valved, either elongate (siliques) or short

(silicles).
Pods elongate, therefore siliques.
Siliques compressed parallel to the broad partition.
Valves nerveless; leaves all petioled.
Flowers red; stem 2 or 3-leaved near the

BUNNY ns oan ny ees Gees 4. DENTARIA (p. 288).
Flowers white; stem leafy below or
throughout ssaewee eee eee 5. CARDAMINE (p. 289).
Valves 1-nerved; cauline leaves sessile.
Siliques lanceolate, the valves reticulate.. 6. Parrya (p. 291).

Siliques linear.
Petals flat; anthers short, subcordate. 7. ArABis (p. 291).
Petals twisted; anthers long, sagit-

=
=]
oe
e
'

'

'

'

'

‘
CO

8. STREPTANTHUS (p. 296).
Siliques terete, not at all compressed.
Pods 4 cm. Jong or more.

CLOCbis 25, 2,5 Sdiae mews ne tee Seco seas 11. THELYPopIUM (p. 298):
Flowers yellow; stigmas 2-lobed; pods
ADTORUING vice de coca ages ees Saree 12. Erysimum (p. 299).

Pods less than 4 cm. long.
Herbage canescent; flowers white; low al-
pine perennials... cies 5i os tol bn Si .. 13. SmELowsk1A (p. 300).
Herbage not canescent; flowers yellow or
white.

286 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Siliques beaked; seeds globose. --- .. . 14. Brassica (p. 301).
Siliques beakless; seeds oblong.
Valves of the pods nerveless .... 9. Roriea (p. 296).
Valves of the pods nerved.
Annuals; leaves pinnate or

pinmekie sos dns ds se 3 15. SisyMBRiIuM (p. 301).
Perennials.
Leaves entire or suben-
CI eet et eee 16. SCHOENOCRAMBE (p. 303).
Leaves lyrate......... 17.CamPE (p. 303).

Pods short, therefore silicles.

Silicles compressed parallel to the partition.
Flowers solitary on scapes, white; seeds winged. 1. PLaryspeRMuUM (p. 286).
Flowers racemose; seeds wingless.

Siiclee Or piewlar.. 5 acc. bs sueu na secs ahs 2. ALyssuM (p. 287).
Silicles ovate or oblong... .. -. eerie 3. DraBa (p. 287).
Silicles not compressed, or compressed contrary to
the partition.
Plant aquatic, submerged; leaves subulate ; pods
WIDRODONN iss sesso scenes eos a oe 18. SuBuvarta (p. 303).
Plants terrestrial; leaves not subulate.
Pods terete, not compressed.
Pubescence stellate; pods globose.... 10. LesQUERELLA (p. 298).
Pubescence not stellate; pods cblong: 9. Rorira (p. 296).
Pods compressed contrary to the partition.
Valves nerveless; pod obcordate. - - - - 24. Puysaria (p. 306).
Valves 1-nerved.
Nerves of the valves obtuse, not
prominent.
Silicles cuneate, notched at
BOR on pecs tke trate 19. Bursa (p. 303).
Silicles not cuneate; not
notched at apex.
Cauline leaves _ sessile;
pod elliptic ......... 20. Hurceurnsta (p, 304).
Cauline leaves auricu-
late; pod obovoid ... 21. CAmELiNA (p. 304).
Nerves of the valves forming
acute keels or wings.
Silicles orbicular or obovate;
cells 1 or 2-seeded.--...- 22. Leripium (p. 304).
Silicles ovate or oblong; sili-
cles 2 to several seeded... 23. Tuiasprr (p. 305).

-

PLATYSPERMUM.

1. Platyspermum scapigerum Hook. FJ. Bor. Am. 1: 68. 1830.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Moist rocks and in shallow soil at the Great Falls [Celilo Falls] of the
Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Valley, Howell; Colville, Lyall, March 31, 1861; Pull-
man, Elmer 82; Piper, April, 1894, May, 1893.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

The stamens in this plant are variable in number, not ahectannonity 4 or 5 in place of
the normal 6. The peppery pods are eaten by children.

a

—.

—eE ae ar

Vie 4 i

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 287

ALYSSUM.

1. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) Gouan, Hort. Monsp. 321. 1762.
Clypeola alyssoides L. Sp. Pl. 2: 652. 1753.
Alyssum calycinum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 908. 1763.
Type Locaity: “Habitat in Austria, Gallia.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1885; Pullman, Piper.

DRABA.
Annuals.

Flowers white.
Potala Geeply 2-clolt....: 55.5243 52.95 235 ifehee i
Petals entire; pods hispid
Flowers yellow.
Pods 6 to 8 mm. long, much shorter than pedicels. _ 3.

verna.
. caroliniana micrantha.

to
Sea aS

. nemorosa.
Pods 8 to 15 mm. long, about equaling the pedicels .. 4. D. stenuloba.
Perennials.
Midrib of leaves becoming prominent.
Flowers yellow; pods acute........-..-.---.----- 5. D glacialis.
Flowers white; pods acuminate........-...---.-.-°6. D. douglasii.
Midrib of leaves not prominent.
Stems scapose; flowers white..........-...------. 7. D. lonchocar pa.
Stems very leafy; flowers yellow.......-...-----.. %. D. aureola.

1. Draba verna L. Sp. Pl. 2: 642. 1753.

Type LocALity: Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Suksdorf 499; T. EH. Wilcox, March, 1883; Walla
Walla, Leckenby, April, 1898; Waitsburg, Horner 606.

2. Draba caroliniana micrantha (Nutt.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 72. 1867.
Draba micrantha Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 109. 1838. -
Type Locauity: ‘Open plains and rocky places about St. Louis, and in Arkansas.”
Rance: Washington to Illinois, Texas, and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Spokane, Piper, May,
1897; Waitsburg, Horner 74; Wawawai, Piper 2801.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

3. Draba nemorosa. L. Sp. Pl. 2: 648. 1753.

Type Locauity: “‘ Habitat in Sueciae nemoribus.”

Range: British Columbia to Colorado and the Great Lakes. Europe. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 25; White Salmon, Suksdorf 232; Fort
Colville, Lyall in 1861; Geyer 626; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 4; Pullman, Piper
1794; Elmer 151; Almota, Piper, April, 1894; Waitsburg, Horner 608; Wawawai, Piper
2800. :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

4. Draba stenoloba Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 154. 1841.

Type Loca.ity: ‘In ins. Unalaschka.”

Ranae: Alaska to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 102; Mount Baker, Flett 851; Klicki-
tat River, Flett 1142 in part; Yakima County, Henderson 2385 B; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
& Leiberg 758; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 434; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1288.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

5. Draba glacialis Adams, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 5: 106. 1817.

Type Locauity: ‘In promontorio Byskofskoymys,” near the mouth of the Lena River,
Siberia.

288 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Rance: Athabasca to Colorado and California. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fett 844; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Flett 1131; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2426; Blue
Mountains, Piper 2404.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

6. Draba douglasii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 328. 1868.

Braya oregonensis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 199. 1882.

Type Locauity: “High Sierra Nevada; on the gravelly ‘divide’ between East Carson
and West Walker Rivers.’’ Collected by Anderson. Also from ‘the interior of Oregon
or California.’ Collected by Douglas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Hills, Howell 50, 386.

7. Draba lonchocarpa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 181. 1900.

Draba nivalis elongata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 258. 1888, not D. elongata Host.
1827. ;

Type Locauity: ‘Rocky Mountains, from British America to Wyoming and the Uintas;
Mt. Adams.”

Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2060; Mount Baker, Flett 856; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 239; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2541.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

8. Draba aureola S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 430. 1880.
Tyre Locauity: ‘Sierra Nevada, in Sierra County,’’ California.
RanGE: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 286; Piper 2061; Smith & Piper 699.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

DraBa LemMMoNI S. Wats. This species is accredited to Washington on a specimen col-
lected by Flett in the Olympic Mountains and thus determined by Wiegand.a This speci-
men certainly is not D. lemmoni, but is probably an undescribed species. The material is
too young, however, for satisfactory description.

DENTARIA.
Basal leaves cordate-orbicular, crenate or sinuate- ------ -- _ 1. D. tenella.
Basal leaves parted or divided into 3 or 5 segments.
Pétale 10 to 12 nia letig oso sec ee sc iene eon eses 2. D. macrocarpa.
Petals 12 to 20 fom. 00g nes 2 se ee vedere ess 3. D. macrocarpa pulcherrima.

1. Dentaria tenella Pursh, Fl. 2: 439. 1814.

Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Columbia.” Collected by Lewis, the exact place
near the mouth of Sandy River, Oregon.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Whidby Island, Gardner 14; Silverton, Bouck 21; Tacoma,
Flett 70; Snoqualmie, Hindshaw; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 51; Nisqually tide flats,
Flett 95; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 4, 235; Seattle, Piper in 1888.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Dentaria macrocarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 88. 1838.
Cardamine quercetorum Howell, Erythea 3:33. 1895.
Cardamine tenella covilleana Schulz; Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 32: 391. 1903.
Cardamine tenella dissecta Schulz, op. cit.
Cardamine tenella quercetorum Schulz, op. cit. 390.
Type Locaity: “ Woods of the Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall.

@Bull. Torr. Club 5: 209. 1874.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 289

Range: British Columbia to north California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1927, 95, 500, 501, 233; Dar-
ling Mountains, Flett 1136; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Klickitat Hills, Gor-
man, April, 1895.

A variable species. Schulz’s subspecies are based entirely on characters of leaf outline,
but these seem too variable to rely upon. Field study and large suites of specimens are
necessary before the species can be satisfactorily understood.

2a. Dentaria macrocarpa pulcherrima (Greene) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 11: 154.
1895.
Cardamine pulcherrima Greene, Erythea 1: 148. 1893.
Tyre Locatity: Near Mosier, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
RanGE: Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Hills, Howell 1408.

CARDAMINE.
Leaves all simple.
Alpine dwarf; leaves ovate or elliptic, entire................... 1. C. bellidifolia.
Subalpine, tall; leaves cordate or reniform, sinuate....-.-.-.-.- 2. C. lyallir.

Leaves, or some of them, pinnate.
Basal leaves simple; cauline 3 to 5-foliolate.
Leaf margin entire or merely sinuate......-..-....-.-.---- 3. C. breweri.
Leaf margin crenately 7 to 9-lobed ........-....--.------- 4.@. vallicola.
Basal leaves pinnate.
. Leaves all 3-foliolate, sometimes 5-foliate; leaflets coarsely 3 to

POO ee bistar ccc > wpa k ie a x oes eR 25 ickere seine OU ONO
Leaves 3 to 9-foliolate.
Petals 4 mm. long; leaflets 5 to 9, orbicular......-... - 6. C. occidentalis.
Petals 2 to 4 mm. long; leaflets 3 to 7.
Klowerssibumbellaten.2 222-52... ose. ae eeece 7. C. kamtschatica.

Flowers racemose.
Capsules 20 to 30-seeded; leaflets mostly ob-

WON. conan meta sen ea ee eee a a esc kt, Oe Penna aio:
Capsules 8 to 20-seeded; leaflets mostly ‘round-
Weve anc gk pests cat oe aaa s She ecee eee 9. C. oligosperma.

1. Cardamine bellidifolia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 654. 1753.
Type Locaity: “Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Brittaniae.”
Rance: Alaska to California, Montana, and the White Mountains. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2363.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

2. Cardamine lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 466. 1887.:

Cardamine lyallii pilosa Schulz, Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 32: 438. 1903.

Type Locaity: “Banks of the Ashtnola, Cascade Mountains.”’ Collected y Lyall in
1860. meen

Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1135; banks of the Ashnola, Cascade
Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper 2455; Horner in 1897; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1642; Elmer 435; Cascade Mountains, Wilkes
Expedition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian.

Schulz’s subspecies pilosa includes forms with more or less pubescence. It seems scarcely
worthy of recognition.

29418—06 m——19

290 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Cardamine breweri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 339. 1875.

Cardamine orbicularis Greene, Pittonia 4: 202. 1901.

Type Locaity: California, “near Sonora Pass at 8-10,000 feet altitude.’ Collected

by Brewer.

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Fvett 106, 178; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 52;
Quinault, Conard 173.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Cardamine vallicola Greene, Pittonia 3: 116. 1896.
Cardamine callosicrenata Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 488. 1897.
Type Loca.ity: “Wet meadows along Dale Creek, Wyoming.”
Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Kreager 302; Spokane, Piper in 1896.
ZONAL bistriBuTION: Arid Transition.

5. Cardamine angulata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 44. 1829.
Cardamine angulata pentaphylla Schulz, Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 32: 407. 1903.
Tyre Loca.ity: “Banks of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.
Rance: Washington and Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1053; Montesano, Heller 3863 ; Tacoma, Flett
45; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 128, 128a; Ilwaco, Piper 4955.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6. Cardamine occidentalis (S. Wats.) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 50. 1897.

Cardamine pratensis occidentalis S. Wats. in wigg Syn. Fl. 11: 158. 1895.

Type Locauity: Sauvies Island, Oregon. Collected by Howell.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Tacoma, Flett 89 in part;
North Yakima, Henderson, June 19, 1892. ;

7. Cardamine kamtschatica (Regel) Schulz, Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 32: 470. 1903.
Cardamine sylvatica kamtschatica Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 34?: 172. 1861.
Cardamine umbellata Greene, Pittonia 3: 154. 1897.

Tyre LocaLity: Kamtschatca.
Rance: Alaska to Oregon. Siberia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1018, 2183; Mount Rainier, Piper

2061; near Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Mount Rainier, Fett 2149.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

8. Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 3': 486. 1800.

Cardamine hirsuta acuminata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:85. 1838.

Cardamine acuminata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 237. 1902.

Type Locauiry: Pennsylvania. ré

Rance: Temperate North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1116; Silverton, Bouck 18; Pantie Flett 89 in
part; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Nisqually Valley, Allen 53; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 503; Klickitat River, Flett 1139; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861;
Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 733; Wenache, Whited 38; Rock Lake, Piper 2797; Hangman
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 63.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

9. Cardamine oligosperma Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 85. 1838. i
Type Locauity: “Shady woods of the Oregon.’”’ Collected by Nuttall. :
Rance: British Columbia to California. :

eS—

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 291

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1026; Clallam County, Elmer 2692; Whidby
Island, Gardner 24; Seattle, Piper 546; Tacoma, Flett 76; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858;
Goat Mountains, Allen, August 23, 1895; without locality, Cooper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid eceica

The following specimens seem to me ambiguous between C. oligosperma and C. pennsyl-
vanica and I am unable to refer them elsewhere: Seattle, Piper 732; Tacoma, Flett, April
20, 1896; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 505, 504; Skokomish iver Piper 2182; Kin-
caid; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Waitsburg, Horner 588, 79; Wawawai, Elmer.

PARRYA.

1. Parrya menziesii (Hook.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 253. 1891.

Phoenicaulis menziesii Greene, Bull. Torr. Club. 18: 143. 1886.

Hesperis menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:60. 1830.

Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:89. 1838.

Type Locaity: California. Collected by Menzies.

Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2712; Kittitas Valley, Whited 68; Blue
Mountains, Piper 2414.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

la. Parrya menziesii lanuginosa S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1!: 152. 1895.

Tyre Locatity: ‘Lower Columbia Valley, east of the Cascades, Douglas, Suksdorf.”

Range: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Douglas in 1830; between Klickitat Valley and
Columbia River, Suksdorf 236; east side Columbia below the Chelan, Watson 28; near Gol-
dendale, Howell 43; Wenache, Whited 1019; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Crab
Creek, Sandberg & Tepe 242; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Klickitat Hills, Gorman,
April, 1895; Rattlesnake Mecutune, Cotton 551.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

ARABIS. Rock cress.

Seeds wingless; flowers white.
Radical leaves pinnately cleft into short and broad segments.. 1. A. lyrata occidentalis.
Radical leaves entire.
Cauline leaves not auriculate.

Herbage wholly stellate-pubescent............... 2. A. whitedii.
Herbage glabrous above, pubescent below with sim-
Dig Ob Othe: UIE ono phe hee ieee eee 3. A. nuttallir.
Cauline leaves auriculate; plant glaucous, glabrous
i OXCOPl HOA HNC OASOM Juin cut acxe sce sence tere wes 4. A. glabra.

Seeds winged or wing-margined.
Seeds arranged in a single row.
Cauline leaves sessile not cordate or auricled.........-.- 5. A. furcata.
Cauline leaves cordate or auriculate at base... ...-..-. 6. A. hirsuta.
Seeds more or less distinctly in two rows.
Cauline leaves not at all auriculate at base; leaves all
entire, villous-hirsute 2225.25.55 ss20-.2..c.002-. 18: Av cusicki.
Cauline leaves auriculate or cordate.
Radical leaves dentate.
Pods reflexed, usually straight; whole plant
finely stellate-pubescent ...-.--.--.------- 7. A. holboellii.
Pods arcuate, spreading.
Flowers dark-purple; basal leaves some-
what pubescent, the upper glabrous and
RINUGOUS sos en saneert sat ate eae ce 8. A. atrorubens.

292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Flowers rose-colored; whole plant roughly
stellate-pubescent.
Base of the stems woody and branched. 9. A. perennans.
Base of the stems herbaceous or
nearly so, simple..:.............. 10. A. sparsiflora.
Radical leaves entire or merely denticulate.
Pods reflexed. :
Pubescence densely and finely stellate,
whitish; pods 2 mm. wide. ......-.-.- 12. A. puberula.
Pubescence scant, stellate, or wanting;
pods 3 to 5 mm. wide. ..............- 13. A. suffrutescens.
Pods not reflexed.
Pods divaricate; herbage soft pubescent

Wink MtOllAte HANS soo ee eke os 11. A. bolanderi.
Pods ascending.
Plant glaucous; lower leaves finely and
densely stellate-pubescent ........ 14. A latifolia.

Plant green; pubescence scanty.
Stems several, slender, from a
woody caudex; leaves small... 17. A. microphylla.
Stems solitary or few from a her-
baceous or scarcely woody base.
Tall 30 to 60 cm.; plant some-
what glaucous; pubescence
of 2-forked hairs. .....-.- 15, A. drummondii.
Low 10 to 30 cm.; plant glab-
rous or somewhat stellate
pubescent below. .......- 16. A. lyallii.

1. Arabis lyrata occidentalis S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. FI. 1': 159. 1895.

Tyre cocauiry: “From Alaska to British Columbia ae the eastern side of the Rocky
Mts. in Brit. America; Point Pelee on Lake Erie, Macoun.’

Rance: Alaska to Washington and eastward to Lake Erie.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “On Nooksack River near Mount Baker,” Suksdorf 1999.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Arabis whitedii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 39. 1901.

Tyre Locauiry: Wenache, Washington. Collected by Whited.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1057; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &
Leiberg 275.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

Mature specimens collected by Whited, May 19, 1905, show the ripe pods to be nearly
erect, 17 to 20 mm. long, finely and densely stellate-pubescent, and nearly always longer
than the divergent pedicels with which they form a pronounced angle; seeds wingless, in a
single row; cotyledons accumbent. It may be a biennial.

This species is not closely related to any other, in my opinion, but is to be associated
perhaps with A. nuttallii Robinson.

3. Arabis nuttallii Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. ‘1': 160. 1895.
Arabis spathulata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 81. 1838, not DC. 1821.
Type Locauity: “Lofty dry hills of the Platte, from the Black Mountains to the central

chain.”

Rance; Washington to Montana and Nevada,

ses i hl

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 293

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1142 in part; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1223
(2); North Yakima, Steinweg; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 202; Lincoln County, Hen-
derson 2387; Medicat Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 50; Spokane County, Suksdorf 237; Crab
Creek, Suksdorf 238; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper. 2950; St. John,
Piper 2792; Mount Adams, Cotton 1533.

ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

4. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Syst. Verz. Erf. 195. 1800.
Turritis glabra L. Sp. Pl. 2: 666. 1753.
Arabis perfoliata Lam. Encyc. 1: 219. 1783.
Turritis macrocarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 78. 1838.
TYPE LocaLity: Europe.
Rance: British Columbia to New England southward to California, Colorado, and New

. Jersey. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2694; Nisqually Valley, Allen, June 11,
1894; Klickitat River, Flett 1140; Rock Island, Henderson; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg
143; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper 1472; Elmer 844; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 110.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5. Arabis furcata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 362. 1882.
Type Locaity: “Bluffs of the Columbia River near the mouth of Hood River,” Oregon.
Collected by Howell.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Atanum River, Henderson, August, 1892; Mount Adams, Suks-
dorf ; Howell; Henderson 58; without locality, Brandegee 625.

s

6. Arabis hirsuta Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 30. 1772.

Arabis rupestris Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 81. 1838.

Type Locaity: Carniolia.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to New Mexico and Virginia. Asia. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall in 1858;
Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Silverton, Bouck 20a; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid,
May, 1892; Tacoma, Flett, April, 1896; Nisqually Valley, Allen, June, 1894; Klickitat
River, Flett 1138; Coppei River, Horner 80; Almota, Piper, May 11,1901; without locality,
Geyer 565.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

When growing in dense shade, the plants are often nearly glabrous. This form is A.
hirsuta glabrata Torr. & Gr.a

7. Arabis holboellii Hornem. Fl. Dan. 11: 5. pl. 1879. 1827. ‘

Arabis retrofracta Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 344. 1829.

Type Locauity: “In rupibus Insulae Disco ad Jacobshavn detexit.”

Rance: Washington and Colorado to British America. Greenland.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, May 28, 1898, 39; Ellensburg, Whited 312, 379;
Piper 2707; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Klickitat River, Suksdorf, May 18,
1884; North Yakima, Henderson 2395; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 139; Ritzville, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 158; Douglas County, Spillman, 2630; Pine City, Piper 2427; Spokane, Piper
2822, 2690; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Mount Carlton, Kreager 288; Blue Mountains,
Horner 274 in part; Pullman, Elmer 207; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

7a. Arabis holboellii patula (Graham) S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1!: 164. 1895.
Turritis patula Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 350. 1829.
Arabis columbiana Macoun, Cat. Canad. Pl. 2: 304. 1890.

aF]. 1: 80. 1838.

294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type Locaity: “The seeds of this species were EMSs? in Captain Franklin’s expedi-
tion at Hudson Bay, in Canada and in the Rocky Mountains.”’

Rance: British Columbia and Washington to Hudson Bay.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green River Hot Springs, Piper 544.

8. Arabis atrorubens Greene, Erythea 1: 223. 1893.

Arabis atriflora Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 211. 1899.

Tyre Locauity: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2105; Wenache, Whited 67,
1531; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Darling Mountains, Flett 1137; Klickitat
Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1290.

9. Arabis perennans S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467. 1887.

Type Locatiry: From northern Nevada and Utah to Arizona and the San Bernardino
Mountains in California.”

Rance: Washington to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Vasey in 1889.

10. Arabis sparsiflora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 81. 1838.

Arabis arcuata subvillosa S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 164. 1895.

Type Loca.ity: “Forests of the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Oregon.”

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Clealum, Whited 367; Mount
Cleman, Henderson 2395; banks of the Columbia, Douglas in 1829; Colville, Lyall in 1861;
Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 97; Spokane, Piper 2821; Pullman, Hull 471; Piper
1471, 1812,1811; Elmer 88; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

There is considerable doubt as to the identity of N uttall’s species and it may not be our
plant. The latter is unquestionably the subspecies subvillosa of Watson.

10a. Arabis sparsiflora secunda (Howell).

Arabis secunda Howell, Erythea 3: 33. 1895 (February).

Arabis arcuata secunda Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 164. 1895 (October).

Type Locatity: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Howell.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Howell 1487; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
240, 241; Larm River, Suksdorf 97; Upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Wenache,
Whited 1031.

11. Arabis bolanderi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467. 1887.
Type Loca.ity: “ Yosemite Valley or Mono Pass,” California.
RanGE: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 632.

12. Arabis puberula Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 82. 1838.

Arabis canescens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 83. 1838.

Arabis tenuis Greene, Pittonia 4: 189. 1901.

Type Locaity: “ Forests of the Blue Mountains of Oregon.’”’ Collected by Nuttall.

RanGE: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Cleman, Henderson 2389; White Salmon, Suksdorf,
July, 1881; Ellensburg, Whited 2707; Piper, July 9, 1897; Tampico, Flett 1125; Wenache,
Whited, April, 1900; Blue Mountains, Horner, 274; Coulee City, Piper 3848; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 15.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 295

13. Arabis suffruitescens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 362. 1882.

Type Looa.ity: “Bluffs of the Snake River and vicinity, Union County, Oregon.’’
Collected by Cusick.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 98, 511.

14. Arabis latifolia (S. Wats.).
Arabis canescens latifolia S$. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 17. 1871.
Arabis lemmoni 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467. 1887.
Tyre LocaLity: Clover Mountains, Nevada. Collected by Watson.
Rance: Washington to Montana and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 509, 510, 1920; Henderson 2391.

- 15. Arabis drummondii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 187. 1863-65.
_ Turritis stricta Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 350. 1829, not Arabis stricta,
Host. 1827.

Streptanthus angustifolius Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:76. 1838, not Arabis angustifolius Lam.
1783.

Type LocaLity: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond.

Rance: California and Colorado, northward into British America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2181; Clallam County, Elmer 2693
in part; Mount Rainier, Piper 2065; north of Mount Adams, Henderson 2397; Mount
Baker, Flett 859; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 764.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

16. Arabis lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 122. 1876.

Arabis drummondii alpina 8. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 18. 1871, not A. alpina L.

Type Loca.ity: “In the mountains from Washington Territory to Mono Pass in the
Sierra Nevada and eastward to W. Wyoming and Utah.”

RanGeE: British Columbia to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2180; Flett 94; Mount Rainier, Piper
2066, 2064; Smith 801; Allen 299; Clallam County, Elmer 2693 in part; Mount Adams,
Henderson 2390; Suksdorf 508, 96; Howell 557; Ashnola River, Cascade Mountains, Lyall ;
Blue Mountains, Horner 282.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

17. Arabis microphylla Nutt.: Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 82. 1838.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 2.

18. Arabis cusickii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 363. 1882.

Type Locauity: ‘On rocky ridges, Union County, Oregon.” Collected by Cusick.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2711; Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2388 in
part; Johnson Canyon, Brandegee 624; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 92; between
Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Piper 3841; Spokane
County, Suksdorf 1921; Pine City, Piper 2828, 2829, the latter ambiguous toward A. sparsi-
flora.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

ARABIS BREWERI S. Wats. Proe. Am. Acad. 11: 123.1876. This species appears in Suks-
dorf’s list, but we have seen no Washington specimens.

296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

STREPTANTHUS.

1. Streptanthus longirostris S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 127. 1890.
Arabis longirostris S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 17: pl. 2. 1871.
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Growing in alkaline soil at the Steamboat Springs near Washoe City,
about Humboldt Lake, Nevada, and on Stansbury Island in Salt Lake. ”
Rance: Washington to Nevada and Utah.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Henderson 2378; without locality, Brandegee 629.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

RORIPA.

Flowers white; leaves pinnately divided -..-..........-- rer et rere 1. R. nasturtium.
Flowers yellow; leaves various, mostly pinnate.
Plants perennial by rootstocks.

Pods ginbrots.or nesthyee 6 ccc5 coc dics cs oe saeeeecicddesns 2. R. sinuata.
Pods not glabrous.
Pods pappilose-puberulent ..,.. ....2. 6.0. ss ecececea dee 3. R. calycina.
Pods soft pubescent, short-pediceled. .......-.-.-.--.-.- 4. R. columbiae.

Plants annual or biennial, without rootstocks.
Pedicels short, 2 to 4 mm. long; stems diffuse.

Pods curved; leaf-lobes acute................--+------- 5. R. curvisiliqua.
‘Pods straight; leaf-lobes obtuse ............-.-.------- 6. R. obtusa.
Pedicels longer, 6 to 8 mm. long; stems erect.
Pods oval or globose; stems hispid......-..----.-.-.--- 7. R. hispida.
Pods oblong; stems glabrous or nearly so.
Péda'4 to 8 mm. long 2.25.2 oP ive ci csseccicccscess. & Bi poli
Poda'8 (6:19 mm. long 2.5 2...- 206s chevens ess c- = Os Be. pane.
1. Roripa nasturtium (L.) Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club 3°: 5. 1893. WATER CRESS.

Sisymbrium nasturtium L. Sp. Pl. 2: 657. 1753.

Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 110. 1812.

Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Europa & America septentrionali ad fontes.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett6; Wawawai, Elmer 765; Hull 477; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 124; Colville, Kreager 523.

2. Roripa sinuata (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchcock, Spring Fl. Manhat. 18. 1894.
Nasturtium sinuatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 73. 1838.
Tyre cocaity: ‘ Banks of the Oregon and its tributaries.” Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, Arkansas, and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2103; Almota, Piper 2653, 2654.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

3. Roripa calycina (Engelm.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 175. 1900.
Nasturtium calycinum Engelm. in Warren, Prelim. Rep. 156. 1855-7.
Tyre Locatrry: “Sandy bottoms of Yellowstone River; Fort Sarpy to Fort Union.”
Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1892.

4. Roripa columbiae Suksdorf; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 40. 1897.
Nasturtium sinuatum columbiae Suksdorf; Robinson in Gray, Syn. FL. 11: 147. 1895.
Nasturtium columbiae Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monat. 16: 211. 1898.
Tyre Locauity: “Low gravelly banks of the Columbia River near Bingen,” Washington.
Rance: Oregon and Washington on gravelly river banks.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Bingen, Suksdorf 952.

eS ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 297

5. Roripa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Bessey, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 169. 1894.

Sisymbrium curvisiliqua Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 61. 1830.

Nasturtium curvisiliqua Nutt; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 73. 1838.

Nasturtium curvisiliqua nuttallii S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. FI. 1: 148. 1895.

Type Locauity: ‘Common on the Northwest coast of America, lat. 47°-48°, in sandy
soils, near streams.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and Lower California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3852; Seattle, Piper 1840; Tacoma, Fett 36; -
Skamania County, Suksdorf 517; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 576, 1900; Bingen, Suksdorf 2361 ;
Skokomish River, Piper in 1890; Ellensburg, Whited 674; Kalama, Piper, October 31,1901;
Roslyn, Whited 1205; Spokane, Dewart, July 15, 1901; October 11, 1900; Pullman, Elmer
819; Piper 1474, 1840; Lake & Hull 476; Tumwater cee Bandberg & Leiberg 522;
Spokane, Kreager 559.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

A very variable species divided by Nuttall into four, namely, Nasturtium lyratum,
N. polymorphum, N. cernuum, and N. curvisiliqua.a If there are good characters to
separate these, they remain to be pointed out. The type specimen of lyratum has an
evident style; that of polymorphum is almost obsolete.

6. Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 169. 1894.

Nasturtium obtusum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 74. 1838.

Type Locauity: “Banks of the Mississippi.”

Rance: British Columbia to Michigan, California, and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2300; Bingen, Suksdorf 2299, 2353;
Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897, Spokane County, Suksdorf 1901.

The Bingen specimens have been referred to R. tenerrima Greene, but they seem not

distinct from R. obtusa. The species is variable.

7. Roripa palustris (L.) Besser, Enum. 27. 1822.

Sisymbrium amphibium palustre L. Sp. Pl. 2: 657. 1753.

Nasturtium terrestre R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 110. 1812.

Nasturtium palustre DC. Syst. 2: 191. 1821.

Typr LocaLity: Europe.

RanGeE: Subarctic regions, south to California and North Carolina. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Lake Union, Suksdorf 1903;
Colville, Lyall in 1860; Usk, Kreager 353; Wenache, Whited.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

8. Roripa pacifica Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 40. 1897.

Roripa clavata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 235. 1902. -

Nasturtium terrestre occidentale S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. FI. 11: 148. 1895, not Nasturtium
occidentale Greene, Fl. Fran. 268. 1891.

Type Loca.ity: Shumagin Islands, Alaska.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-59; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 519, 721; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 509; Waitsburg, Horner 83;
Hoquiam, Lamb 1221.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

9. Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 169. 1894.
Brachylobus hispidus Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 183. 1814.
Nasturtium terrestre hispidum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 41. 1837.
Nasturtium hispidum DC. Syst. 2: 201. 1821. J
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Pennsylvania.”

aTorr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 78, 74. 1838.

298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Arizona and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt; Bingen, Suksdorf' 2350, 2352; Coulee City,
Lake & Hull 470.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

LESQUERELLA.

Pods oval; pubescence not stellate. 2 2.5 <-s.545.05 08s eeu - aoe see ees 1. L. oecidendalis.
Pods’ obovate;pubeaconce stellate... - 3025. 5.4. 225 ie ceecn a oe 2. L. douglasii.

1. Lesquerella occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 251. L888.
Vesicaria occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 353. 1885.
Type cLocauity: ‘Near Yreka, California.”
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Mount Adams, Fett 430; Rickiae River, Flett 1137.

2. Lesquerella douglasii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 255. 1888.

Tyee cocauity: “On the Columbia River east of the Cascade Mountains, Wilkes, Lyall,
Suksdorf.”’

RanGe: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1119, 1065; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg
426; White Bluffs of Columbia, Brandegee 635; near Columbus, Suksdorf in 1886; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Douglas in 1829;
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 842; Pasco, Hindshaw, May, 1896; between Coulee City and
Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 312.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

The Brandegee specimens are erroneously associated with L. occidentalis S. Wats. in the
Synoptical Flora.

THELYPODIUM.
Cauline leaves auriculate at base.................-...-...---.-.- 1. T. sagittatum.
Cauline leaves not auriculate.
Annual; racemes loose; pods deflexed........-.-.-.-.------- 2. T. lasiophyllum.
Biennial; racemes dense; pods spreading.
DOVES: ONtire 06 POPE 5 oe oes aatas ete eae deme 3. T. integrifolium.
Leaves pinnatifid. e
Flowers whitish; leaves fleshy .......-.....-.------- 4. T. laciniatum.
Flowers purple; leaves membranous...........-..--- 5. 7’. streptanthoides.

1. Thelypodium sagittatum (Nutt.) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 265. 1898.

Streptanthus sagittatus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 12. 1834.

Thelypodium nuttallii S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 5: 26. 1871.

Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Little Goddin river toward the sources of the
Columbia.” Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: Washington to Utah and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Leckenby, May 18, 1898; without locality, Bran-
degee 638; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Coulee City, Piper 3883.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Thelypodium lasiophyllum (Hook. & Arn.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 18: 142. 1886.
Turritis (%) lasiophylla Hook & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 321. 1840.
Sisymbrium reflecum Nutt. Proc. Acad. Phila. 3: 26. 1848.
Tyee voca.ity: California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 953.

ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 299

3. Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl.; Walp. Rep. 1: 172. 1842. ~

Pachypodium integrifolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:96. 1838.

TYPE LOCALITY: “Elevated plains of the Rocky Mountains, towards the Oregon, as far
as Wallawallah.’”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California and Nebraska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima City, Piper, July, 1897; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 473;
Satus, Elmer 1073; Squaw Creek, Cotton 874.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

The “Thelypodium brachycarpum Torr.?” of Suksdorf’s list is based on a specimen of
T. integrifolium.

4. Thelypodium laciniatum (Hook.) Endl.; Walp. Rep. 1: 172. 1842.

Macropodium laciniatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 43. 1829.

Type Locauity: ‘Common on dry rocks about Wallawallah, and at Priest’s Rapid on
the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 200, 1246; North Yakima, Piper; Pasco,
Piper 2986; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Wallula, Leckenby; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 229; Rockland, Suksdorf 237; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Rock Lake, Piper 2792; Walla Walla, Leckenby; Douglas County, Spillman; Coulee City,
Piper 3863; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 391; Whitman County, opposite Clarkston,
Hunter 21; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 190.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

5. Thelypodium streptanthoides Leiberg, in herb.

Stout erect from a biennial root, often branched from the base, 0.5 to 1 meter high,
glabrous throughout; leaves oblong-lanceolate, irregularly sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid
with oblong or even linear lobes, green on both’sides, 4 to 10 em. long, all petioled; racemes
dense, 30 to 60 cm. long; sepals becoming 6 to 8 mm. long, deep purple at least on the upper
third, somewhat irregular, the lower pair often united for two-thirds of their length, con-
spicuously saccate at base, becoming tubulose-convolute at apex; petals narrowly linear
with a dilated apex, flat, double the length of the sepals; filaments much elongated, nearly
equal, free; pods 10 to 12 cm. long, on stout divaricate pedicels 4 to 6 mm. in length, sub-
terete, flexuous or curved, minutely tomentose, strongly nerved; style short or none;
mature seeds not seen. :

Type specimen in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected near Wilson Creek, Douglas
County, altitude 680 meters, no. 229, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893. Also collected on
rocky cliffs at Almota, Piper 1473 and 3563; Lake Chelan, Elmer, July, 1897; and Soap
Lake, McKay 2.

This species is closely allied to 7’. laciniatum (Hook.) Endl., but differs in its thinner not
at all glaucous leaves and purple-tinged calyx.

ERYSIMUM.
Petals 4 to 5 mm. long; pods 1 to 2 cm. long .................... 1. E. cheiranthoides.
Petals 16 to 24 mm. long.
Pods 4-angled, spreading, 5 to 12 em. long.
eCUs CNGOLANOWIAT so uia tc 6 sae canscee ns eeaeee cast 2. E. asperum.
SOUS IGNUICUIOD. 2. aa. an ee omeca meee wee ee eetenaee 3. E. elatum.
Pods flattened.
Cespitose perennial; cotyledons incumbent ..-.....-.--.--- 4. E. arenicola.
Biennial, simple; cotyledons accumbent...........+.----- 5. E. occidentalis.

1. Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Sp. Pl. 2: 661. 1753.
Type LocaLity: European.

300 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon and North Carolina. -
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilbur, Henderson 2380; Pullman, Piper 2820; Clarks Springs.
Kreager 73.

2. Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. Syst. 2: 505. 1821.

Cheiranthus asper Nutt. Gen. 2: 69. 1818.

Cheiranthus capitatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 38. 1829.

Type vocauity: “On the plains of the Missouri commencing near the confluence .of
White River.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1307; Clallam County, Elmer 2695; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2062; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1198; 30 miles south of Mount Adams, Flett
1733; Wenache, Whited 1100, 130; Ritzville, Sandberg &: Leiberg 182; Spokane, Piper 2948;
Henderson; Soap Lake, McKay 8; Wawawai, Piper; Lake & Hull 474; Elmer-77; Almota,
Piper 1499; Spokane, Kreager 161.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

The types of Cheiranthus capitatus were collected “on rocky places of the Columbia,
near the sea, and at Puget'Sound.”” They can therefore scarcely be the same as Erysimum
grandifiorum Nutt., to which Cheiranthus capitatus has been referred as a synonym. 7

3. Erysimum elatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gray Fl. 1: 95. 1838.

Cheiranthus pacificus Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 308. 1903.

Type vocatity: ‘Grassy situations by the banks of the Wahlamet.” Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 82; Cape Horn, Piper 5028.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Erysimum arenicola S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 124. 1891.

Tyre Locauity: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington, near the summit. Col-
lected by Piper.

Rance: Known only from the type locality.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2179, 916.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

5. Erysimum occidentale (S. Wats.) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 144. 1895.

Cheiranthus occidentalis 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 261. 1888.

Erysimum asperum pumilum 8. Wats. Bot. King Explor, 24. 1871, not Z. pumilum DC.
1821.

Tyre cocauity: In Washington Territory (Walla Walla, Lyall; Klickitat County, Suks-
dorf).

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2686; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892;
Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Watt, August, 1895; Flett 1128; Yakima, Leckenby, April, 1898;
Columbus, Suksdorf in 1886; Rockland, Suksdorf in 1886; Tampico, Flett 1126; Sunny-
side, Cotton 310; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

SMELOWSKIA.
Capsule lanceolate, attenuate at each end.........-.-.---.------------- 1. S. calycina.
Capsule ovate, nearly subcordate at base...........-..---------------- 2. 8. ovalis.

1. Smelowskia calycina C. A. Meyer in Ledeb. FI. Alt. 3: 170. 1831.
Smelowskia americana Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 239. 1902.
Type LOCALITY: Siberia.
Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. Siberia.

a” Nell ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 301

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2696; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, Septem-
ber, 1877; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 641; Elmer 1095.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

Smelowskia ovalis Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 5: 624. 1895.

Tyre LocaLity: Mount Adams, Washington.

Ranae: Washington to California.

.SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Mount Adams, Hen-
derson, August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2063; James Bryce in 1883; Allen 61.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

s BRASSICA.

Cauline leaves auricled at base and clasping........--.-..--.--------- 1. B. campestris.
Cauline leaves not auricled or clasping.
Beak of the pod very short, less than one-fourth the fertile portion . 2. B. nigra.
Beak of the pod long, about equaling the fertile portion. .........- 3. B. arvensis.

1. Brassica campestris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 666. 1753. TuRNIP.
TYPE LocaLity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Waitsburg, Horner 73; Pullman,.
Tardwick, July, 1895.

2. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch in Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3. 4: 71371833.
. BLack MUSTARD.
Sinapis nigra L. Sp. Pl. 2: 668. 1753.
Type Locatity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 4113; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

3. Brassica arvensis (L.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 5. 1888. CHARLOCK.
Sinapis arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 668. 1753.
Brassica sinapistrum Boiss. Voy. Espagne 2: 39. 1839-45.
Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat in agris Europae.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; Pullman, Piper, August, 1893;
Meyers Falls, Kreager 514.

SISYMBRIUM.
Pubescence of simple hairs or none; leaves pinnatifid.
Pods subulate, appressed, 1 to 1.5 cm. long......-..-.-...--- 1. S. officinale.
Pods linear, spreading, 5 to 10 cm. long. .-......-.-.-------- 2. 8. altissimum.
Pubescence of branched hairs.
Flowers white; leaves mainly in a basal rosette............-.. 3.8. thalianum.
Flowers yellow; branches leafy.
seeds -biseriate in each ¢ell...25......i2c.-s5<ckesensecss 4. S. canescens.
Seeds uniseriate in each cell.
Leaves tripinnate; herbage canescent.-...--.--.---- 5. 8. sophia.

Leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, subglabrous.
Capsules 10 to 14 mm. long, spreading.
Pedicels 4 to 6 mm. tae shorter than the

waneiied: +. 6282 Se bdrg sci) O..o. NCSU:
Pedicels 10 to’ 20 mm. “long. longet than: the
CRRBUIN 8 oa bacco aence ea iueas owe atte 6a. S. incisum filipes.
Capsules 3 to 6 mm. long on subequal ascending
DONCDM nist eect cecesia pts nae eoae 7. 8. hartwegianum.

1. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 26. 1772. HEDGE MUSTARD.
Erysimum officinale L. Sp. Pl. 2: 660. 1753.
Type Loca.ity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Pullman, Hardwick, August, 1895.

302 . CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. Sisymbrium altissimum L. Sp. PI. 2: 659. 1753. TUMBLING MUSTARD.
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Habitat in Italia, Gallia, Siberia.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner 416; Pullman, Piper 3513; Wawa-
wai, Piper, May 31, 1903.

/

3. Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 7: 399. 1826.
Arabis thaliana L. Sp. Pl. 2: 665. 1753.
Tyre Locauity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett, May, 1899.

4. Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. Gen. 2: 68. 1818.

Type Loca.ity: “From Virginia to Georgia.”’

RanGe: Washington to Saskatchewan, Florida, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima County, Henderson 2379; Waitsburg, Horner 77; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889.

5. Sisymbrium sophia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 659. 1753.

Tyre Locatiry: European.
* SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 3511; Wawawai, Piper 2871; Waitsburg, Horner
599.

6. Sisymbrium incisum Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 8. 1849.

Type Locauity: “Santa Fe Creek and Mora River,’’ New Mexico.

Rance: Washington and Manitoba to California hee New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Blue Mountains, Horner 67;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1286. .

6a. Sisymbrium incisum filipes A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 8. 1849.

Sisymbrium longipedicellatum Fourn. Sisymb. 59. 1865.

Sophia filipes Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 311. 1897.

Type Locatity: ‘Clearwater,’’ Idaho. Collected by Spalding.

RanGE: British Columbia to Novae:

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 438; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Flett
1129; Tacoma, Flett 51; Pasco, Piper 2972; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898;
Spokane, Piper, May, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1477; Elmer 842; Almota, Piper, May, 1897;
Wawawai, Hull, May, 1892; Piper, May, 1893; Mount Carlton, Kreager 145; Coupeville,
Gardner 20; Wenache, Whited 1062, 603; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 364; Sunnyside,
Cotton 356; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg
101; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson in 1884; Wawawai, Piper 1477.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

7. Sisymbrium hartwegianum Fourn. Thése Crucif. 66. 1865.

Sisymbrium incisum hartwegianum Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 41. 1876.

? Sisymbrium canescens brevipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl]. 1: 92. 1838.

Type cocauity: “Crescit in imperio mexicano.”

RanGE: British Columbia and Alberta to Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 50; Charleston, Piper, June 21, 1895; Pasco,
Piper 2996; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 161; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 242; Spokane
Valley, Lyall in 1861; Myers Falls, Kreager; Coulee City, Piper 3879, 3880; Republic.
Beattie & Chapman 2271.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

The Sisymbrium brachycarpon Richards., in Hooker’s Flora, is, in all probability, not that
species, but S. hartwegianum, so far as the plant from the ‘‘Great Falls of the Columbia”
is concerned,

/

ae

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 303

SCHOENOCRAMBE.

1. Schoenocrambe linifolia (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 127. 1896.

Sisymbrium linifolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 91. 1838.

Nasturtium linifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. '7: 12. 1834.

Type Loca.itry: “Head of Salmon River, in dry soils,” Montana? Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: Washington and Montana to Colorado and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 635; Piper, May, 1897; Whited 398; Klicki-
tat County, Suksdorf 3; Wilbur, Henderson 2380; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &
Leiberg 271; Coulee City, Piper 3854; without locality, Brandegee 640.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

CAMPE.

pe Cte WET ORIOG, 1) 00-150 CNT, MONT cc oy ecuessocacnee ce eine te deteniew es 1. C. stricta.

Rodsidecending 2:5 tors cia. long =. ast) ee ae see eee esa 2. C. barbarea.

1. Campe stricta (Andrz.) W. F. Wight.

Barbarea stricta Andrz. in Bess. Enum. 72. 1822.

Barbarea vulfaris stricta A. Gray, Man. ed. 2: 35. 1856.

Typr Locatity: “In Podoliae austr.”’

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 754, introduced.

Mr. W. F. Wight has called attention to the fact that the genus name Barbarea of
Robert Brown, 1812, is invalidated by reason of the older Barbarea of Scopoli, 1760.

2. Campe barbarea (L.) W. F. Wight. BITTER CRESS.

Erysimum barbarea L. Sp. Pl. 2: 660. 1753.

Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 109. 1812.

Barbarea barbarea MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 259. 1892.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in Europa.”

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and Virginia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 16; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2022;
Klickitat River, Flett 1134, 1141; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper, June
1893; Elmer 180; Waitsburg, Horner 605.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

The western form of this plant is considered a distinct species by Dr. Rydberg as Barbarea
americana Rydb.« To distinguish it the characters of erect pods and lyrate leaves are
relied upon.

SUBULARIA.

1. Subularia aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 2: 642. 1753.
Type Locaity: ‘Habitat in Europae borealis inundatis lacustribus fluviis.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California and New England.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom Lake, Suksdorf.

BURSA.

1. Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Weber in Wigg. Prim. F1]. Holst. 41. 1780.
SHEPHERD’S PURSE.
Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 647. 1753.
Capsella bursa-pastoris Medic. Pflanzengat. 1: 85. 1792.
Type Locatity: European.
A common weed all over the State.

“ aMem. N. Y. Bot. Gard, 1: 174. 1900.

304 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, -

HUTCHINSIA.

1. Hutchinsia procumbens (L.) DC. Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 168. 1814.

Lepidium procumbens L. Sp. Pl. 2: 643. 1753.

Capsella elliptica C. A. Meyer in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 199. 1831.

Capsella procumbens Fries, Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 1: 14. 1832.

Hymenolobus divaricatus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 117. 1838.

Hymenolobus erectus Nutt. loc. cit.

Tyre Locaity: “ Habitat Monspelii.”

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador and southward. Europe. Asia. Australia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 26; Ellensburg, Whited, April, 1897;
Rock Lake, Sandberg &. Leiberg 117; Sunnyside, Cotton 315; Coulee City, Piper 3890; Lin-
coln County, Henderson 4382; Spokane, Piper 2944.

ZONAL bistriBuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

CAMELINA.
Glabrous or nearly so; pods 6 to 8 mm. long..............-..-.,----- 1. @. sativa.
Pubescent at least below; pods 4 to 6 mm. long.........-.....-....-..- 2. C. microcarpa,

1. Camelina microcarpa Andrez. in DC. Syst. 2: 517. 1818.

Camelina sylvestris Wallr. Sched. Crit. 347. 1822.

Tyre Locatiry: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 448; Wawawai, Piper 1475; Frontier, Krea-
ger 465.

2. Camelina sativa Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 1: 18. 1769.
Type Locauity: Austria.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892.

LEPIDIUM. Peprercrass.
Apex of the capsules bidentate, the valves strongly reticulated......... 6. L. dictyotum.

Apex of the capsules merely emarginate, the valves not reticulated.
Cansules €:t0.5 with, 300g, WOU oa anos ogi ems sk ke ne xcineinnic 5. L. nitidum.

Capsules 2 to 3 mm. long, not shining.
Petals wanting or very minute.

POON PURO a: sono cians oe Keto teed sneceneee¥es 1. L. apetalum.

Pode PUbOrnlent soos ei hicamsina'ny ans ee eh awe caeeeaes 2. L. lasiocarpum.
Petals present.

Basal leaves pinnately parted, pubescent. ......--.-.---- 3. L. menziesii.

Basal leaves dentate, glabrous. ........-----.-.------- 4. L. medium.

1. Lepidium apetalum Willd. Sp. Pl. 3': 439. 1800.

Lepidium elongatum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 234. 1902.

Tyre vocauity: ‘In Siberia.”

RanGe: British Columbia to New England and southward. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1113; Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Pasco,
Hindshaw 13; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1942; Pasco, Piper, May, 1899; Sprague,
Sandberg & Leiberg 175; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Lake |
Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897; Coulee City, Piper 3878, Walla Walla, Brandegee 645; |
Almota, Piper 2788; Wawawai, Piper, June, 1894, 3064; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894, 3507; |
Clarks Springs, Kreager 572; Almota, Elmer 21. |
_ Zonay vistrBuTion: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

2. Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 115. 1838. |
Type Locauity: “Near St. Barbara, Upper California.”” Collected by Nuttall. ;
Rance; Washington to California and Texas. |

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 305

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Charleston, Piper, July 21, 1895; Coulee City, Piper 3877;
between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

3. Lepidium menziesii DC. Syst. 2: 539. 1821.

Type Locauity: ‘“ Hab. in ora occidentali Americae borealis.’’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon, near the seashore principally.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2697; Hoquiam, Lamb 1153; Fairhaven,
Piper 2787; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 444; White Salmon, Suksdorf
242; Seattle, Henderson 77.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

This species was formerly confused with L. virginicum L., which does not occur in Wash-
ington.

-

- 4, Lepidium medium Greene, Erythea 3: 36. 1895.

Lepidium intermedium A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 15. 1853, not Richard.

Type Locaity: ‘ Ravines of the Organ Mountains, northeast of El Paso,” Texas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Henderson 2045; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Bingen, Suksdorf 2362; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 479; Piper 3063, 3533,
3811; Waitsburg, Horner 4.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

5. Lepidium nitidum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 116. 1838

Type Locairy: Near Santa Barbara, California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Rockland, Suksdorf 241;
Granddalles, Gorman, April, 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

6. Lepidium dictyotum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 329. 1868.

Type Locatity: “Nevada, at Steamboat Springs.”

Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 844; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg
138; Duck Lake and Crab Creek, Suksdorf 244; Walla Walla, Brandegee 646; Waitsburg,
Horner 604; Bolles Junction, Horner 607.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

THLASPI.
Pods large, winged, deeply notched; annual............-.------------- 1. T. arvense.
Pods small, scarcely winged or notched; perennials.
LOO VOR BOON NOU PAUCOUS. 52 35 aisuibus sesuke Cad haamuacee se 2. T. alpestre.
IJORV EN PISHCOUR! 3c So acc vee sds anealns Ghee ee occa ade eee eR lee 3. T. glaucum.
1. Thlaspi arvense L. Sp. Pl. 2: 646. 1753. PENNY CRESS.

Type Loca.ity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Elmer, June, 1897.

2. Thlaspi alpestre L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 903. 1763.

Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat in Austria.”’

Rance: British Columbia and Montana to Mexico. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Thirty miles south of Mount Adams, Fett 1132; Mount Rainier,
Flett 227; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1210; Sandberg & Leiberg 811; Yakima County, Henderson
2386; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 300.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

29418—06 mM——20

306 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

3. Thlaspi glaucum A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 275. 1898.
Thlaspi alpestre glaucum A. Nelson, First Rep. Fl. Wyo. 84. 1896.
Type Locatity: La Plata Mines, Wyoming.

Rance: Washington, Wyoming.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2407.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

PHYSARIA.

1. Physaria geyeri (Hook.) A. Gray, Gen. Ill. 1: 162. 1848.

Vesicaria geyeri Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 70. pl. 5. 1847.

Tyre Locauity: “Sunny, sandy declivities on elevated volcanic places, Upper Spokan
River.” Collected by Geyer.

Rance: In the vicinity of Spokane, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane Valley, Lyadl in 1861; upper Spokane River, Geyer 476;
Spokane, Henderson 2384; Piper 2293; Marshall Junction, Piper 1843; Hangman Creek
Sandberg & Leiberg 17; Clarks Springs, Kreager 117.

ZONAL pDisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

Hooker @ at first included this species in his V esicaria didymocarpa, and this is perhaps the
basis for the inclusion of Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray in Suksdorf’s list.

NESLIA.

1. Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 162. 1814. :
Myagrum paniculatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 641. 1753.
Type cocaity: “Habitat in Europa, juxta agros.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Frontier, Kreager 467.

ATHYSANUS.

1. Athysanus pusillus (Hook.) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 72. 1885.
Thysanocarpus pusillus Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 42. 1837.
Thysanocarpus oblongifolius Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 118. 1838.
Type Locatity: Monterey, California. Collected by Douglas.
Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Fett 885; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 96; without

locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Elmer 124; Piper 1481; Hull, May, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

THYSANOCARPUS.

1. Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 69. 1830.

Thysanocarpus trichocarpus Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 80: 253. 1903.

Type vocauity: “On moist ground, near the Great Falls of the Columbia.” Collected
by Douglas.

RanGE: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 30, 1886; Rock Lake,
Sandberg & Leiberg 118; Wawawai, Lake 478; Piper 1480 in part, April, 1897; Waitsburg,
Horner 76 in part; without locality, Vasey 187.

‘ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

la. Thysanocarpus curvipes madocarpus subsp. nov.
Differs from the species in having its pods glabrous instead of puberulent.
From field observations this seems worthy of subspecific rank. While both forms may
occur close together, yet so far as my observations go a particular colony of plants is of one
form or the other; the two do not occur mixed.

a¥F). Bot. Am. 1: 49. 1830.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 307

Mr. M. L. Fernald kindly éxamined the type of 7. curvipes in the British Museum and
writes that the pods are puberulent, a point not brought out in the original description.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Elmer, 79 (type); Wawawai, Piper 1480 in part;
Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 886; near Clarkston, Hunter 49; Waits-
burg, Horner 76 in part.
RAPHANUS.

Pourgronved. 4 to 10-peeded. ses. 628 do 5 eed ne Rleaeecet es 1. R. raphanistrum.
Pods.not grooved, 2 or 3-seoded: . .. .. 2s. ose le eagacsescee eee 2. R. sativus.

1. Raphanus raphanistrum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 669. 1753.
Tyre Locauity: “ Habitat inter segetes Europae.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 4214.

2. Raphanus sativus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 669. 1753. RapisH.
_ Type Locauity: Not given.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 18.

CoNRINGIA PERFOLIATA (L.) Link has been collected in Douglas County by Sandberg &
Leiberg (no. 314). It can scarcely be said to be established.

CAPPARIDACEAE. Carer Famity.
CLEOME.

WIQWOR YOUN 5. oa ap tts soos ieee seeds soe ees aha e ee wrt 1. C. lutea.
IOW ONS UPN Eas ios Sloclny ce eines eee kee caaNe wae nea douse cme tnacts 2. C. serrulata.

1. Cleome lutea Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 70. 1830.

TYPE LocALity: “Common in North-West America; on the beaks of the Columbia;
and in the vallies of the Blue Mountains, sparingly; and as far as to the Rocky Mountains.”
Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to Nevada and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1152; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895;
Piper 1805; Flett 1036; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 405; Snipes Mountain, Cotton
375; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Hangman Creek, Sandberg, Heller, & McDougal 907.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Cleome serrulata Pursh, Fl. 2: 441. 1814.
Cleome integrifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 122. 1838.
_ Type Locatity: “On the banks of the Missouri.’’ Collected by Lewis.
Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, New Mexico, and Arizona.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 570; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

POLANISIA TRACHYSPERMA Torr. & Gr. appears in Suksdorf’s list. There are no herbarium
specimens of this plant from Washington to justify its inclusion in the flora.

DROSERACEAE. Sunpvew Famiry.

DROSERA.
Leaf blades round, long-petioled ...-.--.---- Reet gare kes 5 en 1. D. rotundifolia.
ROA DINCCH BDBUISIOc: ik uk oer ee ce ec mechs eich eases. segues Sloss 2. D. longifolia.
1. Drosera rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 281. 1753. SuNDEW.

Type Locaity: “Habitat in Europae, Asiae, Americae paludibus.”’

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California and Florida. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2785; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma,
Flett 318; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 370; Ilwaco, Henderson; Davis Lake, Kreager 437.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. —

.

308 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. .

2. Drosera longifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 282. 1753.

Drosera anglica Huds. Fl. Angl. 135. 1778.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europa ubique.”

Rance: Subarctic regions, southward to Newfoundland, Idaho, and California. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 371.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

CRASSULACEAE. Sronecror Famity.

Flowers solitary axillary; annual,.............-------..-2---0--000-5 TILLAEASTRUM.
Flowers cymose; perennials or biennials.
Leaves serrate}, flowers puiple. cs. fo. coo ek oie caccees nase Kees RuHopIoLa.
Leaves entire; flowers yellow.
POA SOB RONDE DONG oe 2 hose Gain ce se kos Seana caeen stone Sepum.
Petals united below the middle...........................-.. GORMANIA.
1. TILLAEASTRUM.
Leaves obtuse; pedicels as long as the leaves ............-...---.-.- 1. T. drummondii.
Leaves acute; Pecionls Very GOCE 2 os 5 So cnc nce nae snst coseee ses 2. T. aquaticum.

1. Tillaeastrum drummondii (Torr. & Gr.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 1. 1903.
Tillaea drummondii Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 558. 1840.
Type Locauiry: Texas. Collected by Drummond.
Rance: Washington to California and Louisiana.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Gorman 693.

2. Tillaeastrum aquaticum (L.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 1. 1903.

Tillaea aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 128. 1753.

Tillaea angustifolia Nutt. Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 558. 1840.

Tyee Locauity: European.

Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, southward to Lower California, Texas, and Mary-
land. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parker, Elmer, July, 1898.

RHODIOLA.

1. Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. Atl. Journ. 1: 146. 1832.

Sedum frigidum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 282. 1901.

Tyee Locauity: “On the Rocky Mountains.”

Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, toward Fort Colville, Lyall in
1860; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 547, 859; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 773.

SEDUM. SrToNEcROP.

Lea Ves MpAtUMAe, Were GIADCOUS 4.) = 52 sees de sce Sessa cins ce nena 1. 8. spathulifolium.
- Leaves not spatulate nor glaucous.
Leaves subglobose, bright green... .5..5. 6.5. cssrs-sestencsaue- 2. S. divergens.
Leaves lanceolate, broadest at base.
Leaves becoming scarious; carpels divergent.............. 3. S. douglasii.
Leaves not becoming scarious.
Perenhial, carpets erect: cos... eine lsc eceew okie 4. S. stenopetalum.
Biennial, carpels divarieste.; 5. a2 5226 22 es ea ca ee 5. S. leibergii.

1. Sedum spathulifolium Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 227. 1834.
Type Locauity: “Common on dry rocky places of the Columbia and Salmon Rivers.’

Collected by Douglas.

—-

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 309

Rance: British Columbia to northern California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2691; Whidby Island, Gardner 121;
Fidalgo Island, Flett 2115; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 548; mouth of Columbia,
Douglas 1825; Stuart Island, Lawrence 12.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. -

2. Sedum divergens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 372. 1882.

Type Locatity: “In the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory; on Mount Adams
and near the summit of Yakima Pass.’’ Collected by Suksdorf and by Watson.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2221; Mount Rainier, Piper in 1895;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 369; Henderson 4; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 774; Elmer 1181; Sand-
berg & Leiberg 809; Yakima Pass, Watson 142; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 27, 1892;
_ Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 856.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

3. Sedum douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 228. 1834.

Sedum uniflorum Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 213. 1898.

Type Locatitry: ‘€ommon on rocky places of the Columbia to the mountains.”’ Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Flett 1206; Tieton River, Cotton 486; Fort
Colville, Watson; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane, Henderson 2572; Piper;
Spokane County, Suksdorf 302; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 442; Palouse, Cloud;
Spokane, Kreager 6; Olympic Mountains, Fett i116.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

Sedum uniflorum Howell is apparently only a weak state of the species, having solitary
or few flowers.

4. Sedum stenopetalum Pursh, Fl. 1: 324. 1814.

Type Loca.ity: “On rocks on the banks of Clark’s River [Montana] and Kooskoosky”
[Idaho]. Collected by Lewis.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic. Mountains, Flett 138; east side Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; San Juan County, Gardner, June 23, 1899; East Sound, Hen-
derson in 1892; Mount Stua:t, Sandberg & Leiberg 555; Ellensburg, Elmer 416; near Ellens-
burg, Whited 540; Laconne:, Gardner; Twisp Rive>, Whited 237; without locality, Vasey
in 1889; Blue Mountains, Horner 409; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 209; Flat Top Island,
Lawrence 114.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5. Sedum leibergii Britton, N. Am. Fl. 22':73. 1905.

Sedum divaricatum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17:372. 1882, not Aiton, 1789.

Type Locatity: “In Union County, Oregon.’’ Collected by Cusick.

Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon,

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Wawawai, Henderson
2571; Hull 442; Elmer 762; Piper; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 703.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

GORMANIA.

1. Gormania oregana (Nutt.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 30. 1903.
Sedum oreganum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 559. 1840.
Type Loca.ity: “Rocks, near the mouth of the Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 75; Whatcom County, Gardner 420; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Columbia River, Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf

310 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

126%; Columbia River, Nuttall (type); Mashel Canyon, Piper 2123; Stampede Pass, Hen-
derson, July 27, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 443; without locality, Cooper.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Humid Transition.

SAXIFRAGACEAE. Saxirrace Famiy.

Staminodia none; carpels 2, distinct, at least above ....... .- Parnassia (p. 322).
Staminodia present; carpels 3 or 4, united.
Placentae axial.
Carpels distinct; leaves coriaceous, without stipules .. LeprarrHENA (p. 310)
Carpels united, at least below.

Staion SOs soy 5 noo onsae cet cess e eaten sie SAXIFRAGA (p. 312).
Stamens 5.
COVATY RODOTIORS. So ee eae os BoLanpra (p. 310).

Ovary not superior.
Rootstocks bearing bulblets; ovary al-

most wholly inferior ..............- Hemieva (p. 311).
Rootstocks not bearing bulblets; ovary
DRMADIGMONs ¢ cases es oe cs es ese es THEROFON (p. 311).
Petals none; stamens 8 ...............-.--.-. CHRYSOSPLENIUM (p. 318).

Placentae parietal or nearly basal.
Stamens 8 or 10.

Petals present; stamens 10.

Carpels unequal; petals entire ............ TIARELLA (p. 317).
Carpels equal; petals laciniate ............ TeLiima (p. 317).
Stamens 5 or 3.
Petals pinnatifid; stamens 5 .............---- MITELLA (p. 319).

Petals entire or none.
Stamens 5; calyx campanulate or turbinate. Heucnera (p. 320).
Stamens 3; calyx tubular ................ Lepraxis (p. 322).

LEPTARRHENA.

1. Leptarrhena amplexifolia (Sternb.) Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 48. 1830.

Sazifraga amplexifolia Sternb. Rev. Sax. Suppl. 1: 2. pl. 2. 1822.

Saxifraga pyrolifolia D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 18: 389. 1822.

Leptarrhena pyrolifolia Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 48. 1830.

Type Locauity. Unalaska.

Rance: Alaska to Mount Adams, Washington, and Kootenai Pass, British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895, Mount Ranier, Fett
255; Piper 2039; Allen 281; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf 543, Cas-
Sade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg ha Bridge
Creek, Elmer 658; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

BOLANDRA. .

1. Bolandra oregana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 292. 1879.
Type Locaity: “On wet rocky banks of the Willamette River, near Oregon City, Ore-
gon.” Collected by Howell.
RanGeE: Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon River, Suksdorf in 1882; Cape Horn, Piper 5021.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Pee

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. OLE

THEROFON.

Staples soars or Loliaceous.. 2.2. toccices sassin te sceeceesccotesssese Li 7). majus:
Stipules represented by bristles... 2... .2.- 2. 0-s2coes scecencceeses-- 2. LT. datum.

1. Therofon majus intermedium.
Boykinia major intermedia Piper, Erythea 7: 172. 1899.
Therofon intermedium Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 53. 1904.
Type Locatity: New London, Chehalis County, Washington. Collected by Lamb.
Rance: Known only from the type. -
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: New London, Lamb 1267.

2. Therofon elatum (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 121. 1894.

Saxifraga elata Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 575. 1840.

Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 577. 1840.

Boykinia elata Greene, Fl. Fran. 190. 1891.

Boykinia nuttallii J. M. Macoun, Can. Rec. Sci. 6: 409. 1895.

Type Locaity: “In wet places near Chenook Point at the estuary of the Oregon.”
Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to south California, along the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2209; Quilcene, Gardner 109; Sno-
qualmie, Parker, August, 1892; Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Silverton, Bouck; Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 118a.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

Rydberg, @ considers this distinct from 7’. elatum under the name of Therofon occidentale.

A careful reexamination of the above material and much more leaves our previous con-
clusion unchanged. The plant of California, 7. cincinnatum Rosendahl & Rydberg loc.
cit., is feebly distinguishable by a larger inflorescence with the branches more or less
racemiform and curved pedicels. This is said to range from Washington to California, but
we have seen specimens only from California.

HEMIEVA.

Potels violet, Jong-Clawéduc..s.oco< et Poe 8 a ee ee th eee eennees 1. H. violacea.
Petaleiwhite,- short-clawed. s.< 5 32 ween cieds S25 sles neers eee s 2. H. ranunculifolia.

1. Hemieva violacea (A. Gray) Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 71. 1896.

Suksdorfia violacea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 15: 42. 1879.

Type Locatity: “Wet rocks of the Columbia River in Washington Territory, near the
junction of the White Salmon River.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 68; April, 1878; April 29, 1882.

According to Professor Greene there are specimens in the Britisk Museum collected by
Douglas at Kettle Falls.

2. Hemieva ranunculifolia (Hook.) Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 70. 1836.

Saxifraga ranunculifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 246. pl. 83. 1833.

Suksdorfia ranunculifolia Engler in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 34: 52. 1891.

Tyre Locatity: ‘On the high grounds around the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, and on
the Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to North California and east to North Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2033; Goat Mountains, Allen 201; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 297; Howell in 1882; Klickitat River, Flett 1310; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
& Leiberg 791; Bridge Creek, Elmer in 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

aN. Am. Fl. 22: 123. 1905.

SAXIFRAGA. SaAxXIFRAGE.

Stems producing perennial branches, these densely beset with small
leaves.
Leaves coriaceous and evergreen, entire.

Filaments clavate; leaves spatulate, obtuse, not ciliate... 1.

Filaments subulate; leaves lanceolate, acute, ciliate ....... 2.
Leaves not coriaceous thin, 3 to 5-lobed or cleft.

Calyx united only at base; leaves cleft ...........-.-- 3.

Calyx united to the middle; leaves lobed. ............- 4.

Stems not producing perennial leafy branches.
Calyx campanulate; stems leafy; basal leaves crenate; cauline
few, entire Or 5 10000 = = essence csp aoe ale eee te eee 5.
Calyx rotate; leaves all or mostly basal.
Leaves serrate or coarsely dentate.
Petals dissimilar; leaves ee serrate, short-
petioled. .. wae me
Petals similar; leaves condate: or _yeniform, coarsely
toothed, long-petioled.
Caudex bulbous; herbage somewhat glandular;

leaves usually doubly dentate. . 4 6.
Caudex not bulbous; leaves glabrous, simply den-
tate.
Petals spatulate-obovaté................-.-- r&
Petals elliptic, not clawed...........+..-.--- 8.

Leaves entire or merely crenate, all basal.
Leaves ovate or oblong, petioled, usually coarsely cre-
nate.
Leaves thick, subcoriaceous, red-tomentose beneath
Gh lonet: whets yOu ociinc 2 cb.5 as css ccasees- = 10.
Leaves not subcoriaceous, often thin, glabrous or

WOGIEY 80; Osct vs woice cases e i aecwcan ss caderes 11.

Leaves entire or nearly so, oblong-spatulate to ovate.
Calyx lobes erect, shorter than the neck petals

wanting......... = Sade

Calyx lobes earemding: abouh as io mie as ihe tube;
petals present.
Petals not exceeding the calyx lobes.

Petals obovate. - PO ere eR iia! FF
~ Petals narrowly oblong. BOE ne diene meee nee

Petals much longer than the calyx ices,
Stems 30 to 60 cm. tall; flowers 7 to 9

mm. broad; leaves without petioles.... 14.

Stems 10 to 30 em. high; flowers smaller;
leaves more or less distinctly petioled.
Flowers 6 to 8 mm. broad; leaves el-

liptic, villous and viscid above. - -- - 15.

Flowers 3.5 to 5 mm. broad; leaves
usually ipa’ ovate; aus per-
sistenbo2. =a 2 5 Bidjs sie Spero Oe

1. Saxifraga tolmiei Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: 567. 1840.
Type Locaity: “Northwest coast.’’ Collected by Tolmie.

Range: Washington and Oregon in the Cascade and Olympic Mountains.

312 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

. tolmiei.
. bronchialis.

. cespitosa.

. adscendens.

. debilis.
. bongardi.

. mertensiana,
.. odontophylla

. nelsoniana.

. marshallit.

. californica.

. apetala.

. plantaginea.
. columbiana.

. oreganda.

. integrifolia.

S. fragosa.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Lo

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2642; Mount
Rainier, Allen 99; Smith in 1890; Piper 2038; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892;
Flett 1317; Suksdorf in 1877; Bridge Creek, Elmer 635.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

The specific name of this plant in the original publication was spelled tolmaei, evidently
a typographical error.

2. Saxifraga bronchialis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 400. 1753.

Saxifraga austromontana Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 389. 1900.

Saxifraga cognata E. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 118. 1900.

TYPE Loca.ity: Siberia.

RancGE: Alaska to Oregon and New Mexico; also Siberia and Russia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2210; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1312; Whidby
. Island, Gardner 115; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper
2036 and August, 1888; Smith 348; Goat Mountains, Allen 197; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; between Colville and the Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 11; Henderson, July, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 763;
Loomis, Elmer 583; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4972.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic.

Two forms of this variable species occur in Washington, both with white flowers. The
alpine form has acute or acuminate leaves, while the plant common on the cliffs along the
Columbia River and in Island County has thinner obtuse or obtusish leaves and larger
corymbs. Mr. Howell has referred the latter fons to S. cherlerioides D. Don, with which,
however, it is not identical.

Small recognizes Saxifraga austromontana Wiegand as valid (Leptasea austromontana
Small, loc. cit.) and describes the second form mentioned above as Leptasea vespertina.
Saxifraga bronchialis L. as generally accepted is a polymorphic species and the above are,
as we believe, mere subspecies at best. Intergrading forms occur. They may be desig-
nated, however, Saxifraga bronchialis: austromontana and S. bronchialis vespertina. The
type of the latter is Lamb’s 1312.

3. Saxifraga cespitosa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 404. 1753.

Type LocaLity: North European.

Rance: Subarctic regions, south to Quebec, Colorado, and Oregon. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2211; Elmer 2649; Flett 809; Mount
Stuart, Brandegee 759; Elmer 1102; Goat Mountains, Allen 200; Mount Rainier, Flett 2176
258; Johns Island, Lawrence 194; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 343; Orcas Island, Hender-
son, July, 1892; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Eatonville, Flett 2213.

Two forms of this variable species occur in our limits, one high alpine, densely cespitose,
the leaves with short obtuse lobes and obscure veins; the other from cliffs along the Colum-
bia River and the San Juan Islands, with thinner prominently veined leaves and a taller
looser habit. The latter approaches closely S. caespitosa lava Koch. The former is scarcely
matched in European material. This has recently been proposed as a new species by
Small 6 under the name Muscaria emarginata, the type being Elmer’s 2649. This plant is,
however, much nearer to true S. eee than the thin-leaved form. Both are mere sub-
species in our judgment.

4. Saxifraga adscendens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 405. 1753.
Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Pyrenaeis, Baldo, Tauro Rastadiensi.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Washington, Colorado, and Hudson Bay. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Baker, Flett 855.

5. Saxifraga debilis Engelm.; Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colo. 38. 1874.
Type LOcALITY: Colorado.

aN. Am. Fl. 22?: 153. 1905. DN. Am. Fl. 22?: 129. 1905.

314 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen, August 20, 1895.

6. Saxifraga mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 141. 1832.

Saxifraga heterantha Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 252. 1833.

Type Locauity: ‘‘Sitcha,’” Alaska.

Rance: Alaska to Idaho and the Blue Mountains; north California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2643; Chehalis County, Lamb 1348; Cas-
cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Allen 17; Goat Mountains,
Allen 241; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 14; rocks of the Columbia, Nuttall; Blue Mountains,
Horner; Cape Disappointment, Scouler.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

Small@ considers that two species have been confused under the above, which he dis-
tinguishes as Heterisia mertensiana and H. eastwoodiae, the former with bulblets in the
inflorescence, the latter without. Both occur in Washington, and careful field study is
needed to determine if the character relied upon is really specific.

7. Saxifraga odontophylla sp. nov.

Perennial by stout rootstocks, not bulbous, entirely glabrous up to the inflorescence;
leaves all basal, reniform-orbicular, somewhat fleshy, coarsely and evenly dentate with 15
to 25 teeth, 2 to 8 cm. broad; petioles usually 2 to 3 times as long as the blade; scapes
10 to 40 em. high; inflorescence a loose, erect panicle, glandular; bracts linear, the lower
more or less dentate or occasionally foliaceous; pedicels slender; calyx 5-parted, the lobes
oval, obtuse, 2 mm. long, reflexed in anthesis; petals white, orbicular and unguiculate,
longer than the calyx; filaments spatulate, acuminate; ovary free; capsules usually purple,
somewhat inflated, 7 to 8 mm. long, cleft to the middle, the beaks becoming divaricate.

This species has long passed in American herbaria as S. punctata L., a rare European species.
Among American species it can only be confused with S. nelsoniana Don, which is a smaller
plant with lobed rather than dentate leaves, pubescent stems and inflorescence, elliptical
unclawed petals, and a more or less condensed flower cluster. S. odontophylla ranges
from British Columbia to New Mexico and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2213; Elmer 2639; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2025; Flett 236, 278; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Cascade Mountains
above Stampede Tunnel, Henderson in 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 544; Wenache Moun-
tains, Whited 255; Silverton, Bouck 72a; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 570 (type);
Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 17, 1896;
above Lake Chelan, Wilcox in 1883; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian.

The type is in the National Herbarium, sheet no. 289646.

8. Saxifraga nelsoniana D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 18: 355. 1822.

Saxifraga punctata nelsoniana Engler, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 548. 1869.

TypE Locatiry: Cape Newnham, Alaska.

Rance: Alaska to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2214; Elmer 2640; Mount Rainier,
Allen 16; Piper 2040; Smith, August, 1890; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859;
Stevens Pass, Piper, July 7, 1895; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 716.

The Lyall specimen is peculiar and is referred here with doubt. It has the leaves doubly
dentate, scarcely cordate, pubescent on each side, perhaps viscid. It may be referable per-
haps to S. mertensiana.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

aN. Am. Fl. 22?: 156. 1905.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. OLD

9. Saxifraga bongardi Presl, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 528. 1869.

Sazifraga stellaris brunoniana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 140. 1831, not Saxi-
fraga brunnoniana Wall.

Saxifraga leucanthemifolia brunoniana Engler, Monog. Sax. 135. 1872.

Sazifraga notkana Moc.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 368. 1896.

TypE Locauity: “Sitka.”

Rance: Alaska to Oregon in the Cascade Mountains and westward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2644; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49 , Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2026, 446; Smith, August, 1889; Allen 49; Goat
Mountains, Allen 199; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 542, 363; Klickitat River, Flett 1316;
Silverton, Bouck 69; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 760; Skamania County,
Suksdorf 2500; Bridge Creek, Elmer 691; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 468; Stevens Pass,
Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 657.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

This species is allied to S. stellaris L. and has often been thus referred.

10. Saxifraga marshallii Greene, Pittonia 1: 159. 1888.

Sazxifraga occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 264. 1888. ;

Type Locauity: “On damp rocky hillsides, Hoopa Valley, Humboldt County, California.”

Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2034*; Goat Mountains, Allen 242*;
Wenache region, Brandegee 757*; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2212; Elmer 2646; lower
Cascade Mountains, Skamania County, Suksdorf 967; White Salmon, Suksdorf 269; Goat
Mountains, Allen, July 22, 1896; Mount Baker, Flett 857; Cape Horn, Piper 4969.

ZONAL, DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and in the Columbia Gap.

The specimens marked with an asterisk agree with the type of S. occidentalis in having
clavate filaments. The remaining specimens are very similar in all other respects but have
subulate filaments. Watson included both forms in his original account of the species.
If the filament character proves to be a real specific distinction, as may indeed be the case,
we shall have two species of remarkable similarity. The form with subulate filaments is
allied to S. nivalis L., under which name it has been distributed. The form from the Colum-
bia Gap was referred in Hooker’s Flora to S. vernalis Willd., and in Suksdorf’s List to 8.
refleca Hook.

Besides the above specimens a few others have been examined, evidently closely allied
to S. marshallii, but which we hesitate to refer there, namely: Wenache Mountains,
Whited 1040; Admiralty Head, Oscar Piper; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.

The whole group is in need of critical revision.@

aJn the recent treatment of Saxifraga by Small in the North American Flora five
species are recognized under the generic name Micranthes in what I have here referred to
S. marshallii. The following characters are relied upon to distinguish them:

PURMONLS SUDUIAIO oii K vies corse eee ez cic Seeks eas vere ee PU Small.
Filaments clavate or spatulate.
Petals tbimaeu lates..<<e2.e ce os ee se ee = Se eee M. marshallii (Greene).

Petals wholly white.
Cymules permanently compact.
Petals rounded at apex; species of northern Rocky
Mountaing ise = Soo cyte ays ie Secs asia ye vies M. occidentalis (S. Wats.).
Petals notched at apex; species of the Northwest.. M. allenii Small.
Cymules lax and open.
Petals notched at the apex......-...----------- M. aequidentata Small. °

The value of the above characters will have to be determined by careful field study and
larger series of material. M. rufidula Small is probably a valid species, and according to
the above characters will include all of the specimens above not marked with an asterisk.
It may be remarked that this embraces most of the specimens from the bluffs of the

316 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

11. Saxifraga californica Greene, Pittonia 1: 286. 1889.

Tyre Loca.ity: ‘Central parts of California in the Coast Range especially.”

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall; Fort
Vancouver, Scouler.

These two specimens are thus referred with much hesitancy.

12. Saxifraga plantaginea Small, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 366. 1896.
Tyre Locauity: Spokane, Washington. Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg.
Rance: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

13. Saxifraga columbiana Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 393. 1900.

Type Locauity: Pullman, Washington.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 16; Pullman, Piper 1496, 1808; Elmer 126; Almota,
Piper, May 27, 1893.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

The Sandberg & Leiberg collection was referred by Small @ to S. nidifica Greene.

14. Saxifraga oregana Howell, Erythea 3: 34. 1895.

Type Loca.iry: “Mountain marshes of Oregon and Washington.”’

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Kincaid, July 2, 1896; Henderson 2488; Tacoma, Flett
181; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1729; Steilacoom, Piper, May, 1888.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

15. Saxifraga integrifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 249. 1833.

Type Locauity: ‘Near the mouth of the Columbia.”’ Collected by Scouler.

RancGE: British Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition; Roy, Allen 87; Tacoma, Flett
22, 60.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

16. Saxifraga fragosa Suksdorf, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 363. 1896.

Sarifraga claytoniaefolia Canby, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 365. 1896.

Type Locauity: “ Wet rocks near the Columbia River, W. Klickitat County, Washing-
ton.”’ Collected by Suksdorf. :

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1727; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1728,
2201; Klickitat River, Flett 1305a, 1309, 1311; Ellensburg, Whited 319; Wenache Moun-
tains, Whited 1040; Lake River, Clarke County, Suksdorf 2496, 2497; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Almota, Piper 1797, 2793; Elmer 139; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1179,
1311.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

Columbia with thinner, nearly glabrous leaves, thus approaching S. californica closely, as
well as the alpine plant with thick leaves red-tomentose beneath.

The character relied upon to separate M. allenii and M. occidentalis does not seem
valid. At least a duplicate type specimen in the National Herbarium has most of its
petals entire at apex. It is very questionable, too, if the character upon which M. aequi-
dentata is based will suffice to distinguish it from M. allenii. Differences in the compact-
ness of the cyme are subject to the degree of maturity of the specimens and to the effects
of altitude and exposure.

@ Bull. Torr. Club 23: 366. 1896.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 317

17. Saxifraga apetala Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 393. 1900.

Type Locauity: Eastern Washington. Collected by Vasey.

RANGE: Wenache Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kittitas Mountains, Whited, May 6, 1896; north branch of
Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 1070; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains,
Cotton 1204.

SAXIFRAGA PUNCTATA ACUTIDENTATA Engler, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 548.
1869. Type locality: ‘South Clear Creek, Cascade Mts.” Collected by Lyall. Leaves
deeply dentate, not cordate; petioles dilated above. It is quite probable that there is an
error as to the above insaliiy: as the Gray Herbarium specimen is labelled “ Rocky Mts.,
Lat..49°’’ The plant has not been found in the Cascade Mountains by any recent collector.

TIARELLA.
TIE OPER LO DOUG. eo boon as ee on eae eee Jos te ead dy, he AUS OOS
Leaves trifoliolate. :
ER TeUe NNOTAOLY COL ALG noe a Sue a eee he 2. T. trifoliata.
EmineUrGoPply 1ONOU OF COTE .c.2sa eo besk oe o- tweace abt cote 3. T. laciniata.

1. Tiarella unifoliata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 238. pl. 87. 1833.

Petalosteira unifoliata Raf. FI. Tell. 2: 74. 1836.

Type Locatity: ‘Height of land in the Rocky Mts. near the source of the Columbia,
and at Portage River.”” Collected by Drummond.

Rance: Alaska to Northern California, eastward to west Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2031; along Nisqually River, Allen 188;
Silverton, Bouck 70; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July, 1892; Yakima Pass, Watson 134;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 120, 121; Stevens Pass, Whited 1452; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8,
1900; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 673; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 466; Elmer 724;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Gatheuk locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 186; Usk, Kreager 371.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

2. Tiarella trifoliata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 406. 1753.

Tiarella stenopetala Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 55. 1835.

Blondia trifoliata Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 75. 1836.

Type Locauity: ‘ Habitat in Asia boreali.”’

Rance: Oregon to Alaska and northeast Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2775; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1859;
Seattle, Smith 86; Snoqualmie, Parker, August, 1892; Steilacoom, Cooper in 1854; Skoko-
mish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 8; Roy, Allen 104; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 121; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 5a, 71; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893.

ZONAL pistriBuTION: Humid Transition.

3. Tiarella laciniata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 239. pl. 77. 1833.

Petalosteira laciniata Raf. F). Tell. 2: 74. 1836.

Tiarella trifoliata laciniata Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 72. 1896.

Type Locatity: ‘‘ North-West coast of America.’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lower Cascades, Skamania County, Suksdorf 856 in part; Mount
Constitution, Flett 2735.

TELLIMA.
Potala scgas. Winn@tely PALLOU shin oece.s cy soe penne 5s eno Reus A 1. T. grandiflora.
Petals clawed, palmately cleft. :
Calgs obconies potala:S-cloft.< -s oicc ccs cxiccacscseeeicsciasese Bal) parvypiora:

Calyx campanulate; petals 3 to 7-cleft......................-.-. 3.T. tenella.

318 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1178. 1828.

Mitella grandiflora Pursh, FI. 1: 314. 1814.

Tiarella alternifolia Fisch.; Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 50. 1830.

Type Locauity: “On the northwest coast.”’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: Alaska to Southern California, west of the Cascades and Sierras.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3862; Clallam County, Elmer 2645; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Smith 88; Tacoma, Flett 61; upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen7; Silverton, Bouck 73; Roy, Allen 102, May 19, 1889; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 12; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 467; Elmer 743; Cape Horn, Piper 4973.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Tellima parviflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 239. pl. 78. 1833.

Lithophragma parviflora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 584. 1840.

Mitella parviflora Dietr. Syn. 2: 539. 1840.

Tyre vocauity: “ North California ” Menzies.

RanaGeE: British Columbia to California, eastward to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858;
Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Wenache, Whited 1017; West Seattle, Piper 89;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton, 333; White Salmon, Suksdorf 273; Spokane, Henderson,
May, 1892; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 32; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane
County, Mrs. Tucker; Pullman, Elmer 171; Piper, May, 1893; Hull, May, 1892; Walla
Walla, Leckenby, April, 1898.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Tellima tenella (Nutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 371. 1843.

Lithophragma tenella Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 584. 1840.

Type Locatity: “In the central range of the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the
Big Sandy and Siskadee rivers of the Colorado of the West, about lat. 42°.” Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming, southward to south California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 761, Wenache, Whited 1017;
Ellensburg, Whited 261; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2724; White Salmon, Suksdorf 272;
Klickitat River, Flett 1307; Pullman, Elmer 80; Wawawai, Piper, May, 1893, Clarkston,
Hunter 2.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

Rydberg @ regards our plant as a distinct species under the name Lithophragma bulbi-
fera, stating that it differs from its immediate allies in being bulbiferous in the leaf axils
and in having fimbriate instead of entire sepals.

TELLIMA GLABRA Steud. (Lithophragma glabra Nutt.c), found by Nuttall in the Blue
Mountains of Oregon, is said by Rydberg@ to differ from 7. tenella, which is known only
from the Rocky Mountains, in having muriculate seeds and pedicels larger than the cap-
sules.

CHRYSOSPLENIUM.

1. Chrysosplenium scouleri (Hook.) Rose, Bot. Gaz. 23: 277. 1897.

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 242. 1834.

Chrysosplenium glechomaefolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 589. 1840.

Type Locauity: “Columbia River on the North West coast.’’ Collected by Scouler.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1044; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 150;
Nisqually River, Flett 92; Mashel Mountain, Piper 2029, 748; Columbia River, Nuttall;
without locality, Cooper; Ilwaco, Piper 4992; Quinault, Conard 131.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

aN. Am. FI. 227: 86. 1906. ¢ Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 584. 1840.
b Nom. ed. 2. 2: 665. 1841. dN. Am. FI. 22?: 84, 85. 1906.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 319

MITELLA.
Stamens opposite the pinnatifid green petals ..........-.-.---.----- 1. M. pentandra.
Stamens alternating with the petals.
Calyx green; petals pinnatifid.
Stems bearing 1 to 3 leaves; stoloniferous..........----.-- 2. M. caulescens.
Stems leafless; not stoloniferous.
Leaves broadly reniform-cordate. . - - . Seo eae teen eee 3. M. breweri.
TOR: OVOLOt etc Caan ea eee a ie eae 4. M. ovalis.
Calyx white; petals trifid or entire.
Petals entire; calyx-lobes obtuse....-...-.-..-.---.-------- 5. M. micrantha.

Petals 3-cleft or 3-parted.
Raceme secund; petals 3-parted with filiform divaricate
WOWR SE ote at ec da eee mse eM mie eee 6. M. stauropetala.
Raceme not secund; petals cuneate, 3-cleft at apex, the
lobes not divaricate.
Calyx-lobes obtuse; leaf lobes rounded.........--- 7. M. trifida.
Calyx-lobes acute; leaves angularly lobed... -..-.--- 8. M. diversifolia.

1. Mitella pentandra Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2933. 1829.

Drummondia mitelloides DC. Prod. 4: 50. 1830.

Mitellopsis drummondii Meisn. P|. Vasc. Gen. 1: 100. 1836.

Type Locatity: “Rocky Mountains of North America.” Type specimen raised from
seed collected by Drummond.

Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, Colorado, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Henderson, July 11,
1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2028; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 5; Mount Stuart, Sandberg
c& Leiberg, June, 1893, 567; Stevens Pass, Piper, July, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Elmer
165; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August,
1892; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Blue Mountains, Horner 122; Piper
2410.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

Rydberg considers that two species have been confused under M. pentandra, desig-
nating them as Pectiantia pentandra and P. latiflora Rydberg.c The somewhat larger
flowers and hairy petioles of the latter are considered diagnostic, but we find all interme-
diates in the size of the flowers and also find hairy petioles on small-flowered plants. Both
extremes as to the size of the flowers occur in the Cascade Mountains.

2. Mitella caulescens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 586. 1840.

Mitellastra caulescens Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 201. 1898.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Shady woods of the Oregon near the mouth of the Wahlamet.” Col-
lected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and north Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 90; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, a 1892;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 9; Falcon Valls: Suksdorf 365; woods of the Columbia,
Nuttall; lower Frazer River, iituds 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Carlton, Kreager 203.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Mitella breweri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 533. 1865.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Mount Hoffman, in a damp place at about 11,000 feet altitude’,
California. Collected by Brewer.

_ Rance: California to British Columbia and north Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1347; Mount Rainier, Piper 2030; Allen 48;
Flett 303; Goat Mountains, Allen 86; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf
364; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 661.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

aN. Am. Fl. 22?: 86. 1906.

320 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

4. Mitella ovalis Greene, Pittonia 1: 32. 1887.
Mitella hallii Howell, Erythea 3: 33. 1895.
Type Locatity: Mendocino County, California.
Rance: Washington to north California near the coast.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1056; Quinault, Conard 225.

5. Mitella micrantha Piper, Erythea 7: 162. 1899.
Type Loca.ity: Fort Colville, Washington. Collected by Watson.
RanGE: Known only by the type specimen.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Watson 135.

6. Mitella stauropetala Piper, Erythea 7: 161. 1899.

Type Locauity: Craig Mountains, Nez Perce County, Idaho.

Rance: Idaho.

Common near the Washington line and to be expected on Kamiak Butte and in the
Blue Mountains.

7. Mitella trifida Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 7: 185. 1829.

Mitellopsis hookeri Meisn. Pl. Vasc. Gen. 1: 100. 1836.

Type Loca.ity: Type raised from seeds presented by Mr. Drummond “after the return
of the last overland journey to the arctic coast of America.”

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan. .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 83; Mount Rainier, Allen 7; Goat
Mountains, Allen 195; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 815; Mount Baker, Flett 858;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 122; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1281.

Rydberg @ separates the Cascade and Olympic Mountain plant from that of the Rocky
Mountains as Ozomelis pacifica. The distinction relied upon is the slightly larger size of
the calyx and corolla.

8. Mitella diversifolia Greene, Pittonia 1: 32, 1887.

Mitella diversiloba Greene; Piper, Erythea 7: 162. 1899, err. typ.

Type Locauity: “From the same region as the preceding,’ i. e. “summit of Trinity
Mountains, California.” Collected by C. C. Marshall.

Rance: North California to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon River, Suksdorf 13.

HEUCHERA.
Stamens exserted; flowers in loose panicles.
Leaf lobes triangular, acute; herbage glabrous..........- 1. H. glabra.
Leaf lobes rounded; herbage pubescent, at least the under
Weal AUIIRCO< 48 -o cos ee $ So a ee Soe ee ae 2. H. micrantha.
Stamens included.
Flowers 1006 1G0N0 TACEING.¢ 65.5. Src deme see a ous sce 3. H. racemosa.

Flowers in a spike or spike-like panicle.
Calyx white; leaves subcoriaceous, glabrous.

Stems and petioles glabrous. .........---.----- 4. H. glabella.
Stéms and petioles villous..:..........---.-.-- 4a. H. glabella columbiana.
Calyx green, leaves not subcoriaceous.
Leaves thin, glabrous. 2..:20./c6% seeks %asinen ce 7. H. tenutfolia.
Leaves thickish, not glabrous.
Pubescence villous or hirsute. ........---- 5. H. cylindrica.
Pubescence glandular.
Spike 2 to 4 cm. long.........-....- 6. H. ovalifolia.
Spike less than 2 cm. long. .-.-.-.-.----- 6a. H. ovalifolia alpina.

aN. Am. FI. 22?: 95. 1906.

—— ss

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 321

1. Heuchera glabra Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6: 216. 1820.

Heuchera divaricata Fisch.; Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 51. 1830.

Tiarella colorans Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 7: 349. 1829.

Type Locatity: Western North America.

RaneeE: Alaska to Oregon. :

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie, Parker, August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Smith,
August, 1890; Piper 2027, 548; Goat Mountains, Allen 194; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1377;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 546; Skamania County, Suksdorf 968; Peshastin, Sandberg &
Leiberg 485; Bridge Creek, Elmer 674.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Heuchera micrantha Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1302. 1829.

Heuchera barbarossa Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 56. 1835.

Type Locaity: “‘Mountainous woods, near the Grand Rapids [Cascades] of the Colum-
bia.”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to north Idaho and California. Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2651; Snoqualmie, Parker, August, 1892;
Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 10; Silverton, Bouck
71a; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 485; Columbia River, Barclay; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf, June, 1874; Union City, Piper in 1880.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

Two forms occur, one with the petioles very villous, the other having them nearly glabrous.
The former seems to be the typical H. micrantha Dougl., but Rydberg has recently con-
sidered it a distinct species, naming it H. nuttallii.

3. Heuchera racemosa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 365. 1885.

Tellima racemosa Greene, Erythea 3:55. 1896.

TypE Loca.iry: ‘On cliffs of Mt. Adams, Wash., at 7-8000 ft. altitude.” Collected by
Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2215, 913; Clallam County, Elmer
~ 2641; Mount Rainier, Piper 2032; Allen 196; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July, 1883; Hender-
son 2490; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 765; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg
662; Bridge Creek, Elmer 689.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

This species forms the type of the genus Elmera proposed by Rydberg.?

4. Heuchera glabella Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 581. 1840.

Heuchera cylindrica glabella Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 17: 203. 1890.

TypE Loca.ity: ‘Rocky Mountains towards,Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Eastern Oregon to Montana and northward into British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf 299;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1497; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Clarks Springs, Kreager 71; Chelan Butte, Cotton 183.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4a. Heuchera glabella columbiana (Rydberg).

Heuchera columbiana Rydberg, N. Am. Fl. 22?: 116. 105.

Type Locatity: ‘Near Swan Lake, Washington.’’ Swan Lake iserroneous, the locality
being Loon Lake, Stevens County.

Differs from H. glabella principally in the hirsute stems and petioles.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clarks Springs, Beattie & Chapman, 2019; Loon Lake, Winston,
July 20, 1897; Ellensburg, Elmer 419; Wenache Mountains, Whi'ed 1134.

aN. Am. FI. 22?:103. 1906. ON. Am. FI. 22?:116. 1906.
29418—06 M——21

S2e CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

5. Heuchera cylindrica Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 236. 1833.

Type Loca.ity: “On the declivities of low hills, and on the steep banks of streams on the
west side of the Rocky Mountains.”’ Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: British Columbia to southern Oregon and east to north Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4067; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; Orchard
Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 123; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1739; Vancouver,
Piper 4944.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6. Heuchera ovalifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 581. 1840.

Type Locaity: “ Blue Mountains, Oregon, on rocks.” Collected by Nuttall.

RanGE: British Columbia to Wyoming and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer, August, 1898?; Wenache Mountains,
Whited 3; Leavenworth, Savage 26; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Henderson 2492;
between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May 27, 1896; north fork of Columbia
River, Wilkes Expedition.

6a. Heuchera ovalifolia alpina (S. Wats.)

Heuchera cylindrica alpina S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 96. 1871.

Tyre Loca.ity: “Clover Mountains, Nevada; 11000 feet altitude.”

RanGE: British Columbia to Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 2491; Suksdorf 14; Wenache Moun-
tains, Elmer, July, 1897.

This seems to be merely a reduced alpine state of H. ovalifolia Nutt.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

7. Heuchera tenuifolia (Wheelock) Rydberg, N. Am. Fl. 22?:116. 1905.

Heuchera cylindrica tenuifolia Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 17: 204. 1890.

Type Locauiry: Near the Dalles, Oregon. Collected by Howell.

RancGeE: Oregon and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, J. Howell, June, 1879; Major Creek, Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 857.

Hevucuera suxsporrit Rydberg, N. Am. Fl. 22?: 116. 1906. Type locality: Falcon
Valley. Collected by Suksdorf. This is closely related to 7. ovalifolia Nutt., but is said
to differ in having the leaves deeply lobed and the teeth broadly ovate.

LEPTAXIS.

1. Leptaxis menziesii (Pursh) Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 75. 1836.

Tiarella menziesii Pursh, F]. 1: 313. 1814.

Heuchera menziesii Hook. F 1. Bor. Am. 1: 237. pl. 80. 1833.

Tolmiea menziesii Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 5827 1840.

Type Locauiry: “On the northwest coast.” Collected by Menzies.

Rance: Alaska to Mendocino County, California, west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3851; Clallam County, Elmer 2776; Hoquiam,
Lamb 1054; Seattle, Piper 92; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 6; Silverton, Bouck’74; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Port
Ludlow, Binns; Roy, Allen 78.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

PARNASSIA.

1. Parnassia fimbriata Kénig, Ann. Bot. 1:391. 1805.
Type Locatity: ‘On the coast of northwest America.” Collected by Menzies.
Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado.

y

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Gas

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains 2208; Mount Rainier, Piper 2037; Allen
282; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Whited 1430; Fish
Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Bridge Creek, Elmer 673.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

GROSSULARIACEAE. Currant FAmicy.

RIBES. Currant. GoosEBERRY.

Stems usually armed with spines and frequently with prickles; leaves

plicate in the bud.
Peduncles 1 to 4-flowered; calyx tube campanulate or cylindric.
Flowers about 2 cm. long, dark purple; berries warty, gland-

MROOR Ease skate nye e desea day te ebay abies 1. R. lobbit.
Flowers much smaller, greenish or purple or white.
DRC DACRNY 0A ore cid nha el sabe aan gio meee ees 2. R. watsonianum.

Berries smooth.
Calyx lobes longer than the tube; stamens decid-
edly longer than the whole calyx.

Flowers white; calyx lobes narrow.......... 3. Ri niveum.
Flowers greenish or purplish; calyx lobes
DOME eats ia cesackae so Liasencogecren 4, R. divaricatum.

Calyx lobes equaling or shorter than the tube,
Stamens scarcely longer than the whole calyx;

flowers greenish; prickles often wanting... 5. R. inerme.
Stamens decidedly shorter than the whole calyx.
Lobes equaling the campanulate tube... 6. R. irriguum.

Lobes shorter than the cylindric tube... 7. R. cognatum.
Peduncles nodding; flowers rather numerous in a raceme; calyx
tube saucer-shaped; berries glandular.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; berries black.........-.--- 8. R. lacustre.
Leaves pubescent or glandular; berries red............-.. 9. R. lentum.
Stems not thorny or prickly. jo
Leaves convolute in the bud; flowers yellow; calyx-tube long
CYNE AS ae Ue ae ek Poet ae Og an ue sateen eS 18. R. aureum.
Leaves plicate in the bud; flowers green, white or red.
Calyx tube rotate.

\ Berries roth smoothies secs oak oscnn ek ve eae ee cece 14. R. ciliosum.
Berries black, glandular.
PIOWOIS WING. cc. od Se edo een hale ac eae eeeee 13. R. petiolare.
Flowers greenish. ~
Racemes erect or ascending.
SIMUCUR ROREND a oon we ee ely 10. R. bracteosum.
RIAN SURIROO. Socialite se raSals ye enous 11. R. laxiflorum.
Racemos Pendent :...o5..- accede ees oa 12. L. howellit.
Calyx tube cylindric or campanulate.
Flowers red; raceme drooping, many-flowered.._... . - 15. R. sanguineum.

Flowers white or greenish; inflorescence few-flowered.
Berries red or orange, glabrous or slightly glandu-

lar; leaves resinous-dotted; raceme drooping... 16. R. cereum.
Berries black, glandular; leaves viscid-pubescent ;
inflorescence corymbose.........---c0-e-0--- 17. R. viscosissimum,

1. Ribes lobbii A. Gray, Am. Nat. 10: 274. 1876.
Type Locauity: ‘‘ Vancouver island.” Collected by Wood.
Rance: Vancouver Island to North California west of the Cascade Mountains.

324 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2655; Puget Sound, Brandegee in 1885;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 28; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 17.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Ribes watsonianum Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 197. 1893.

Ribes ambiguum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 193. 1883, not Maxim. 1874.

TypPeE Locaity: ‘Im Washingtongebiet.”’

RanGE: Cascade Mountains, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 18, 337, 54; Wenache region, Brandegee
770; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

3. Ribes niveum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20: pl. 1692. 1835.
Ribes triflorum Willd. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 230. 1831.
Type Locatiry: ‘‘ North-west America.” Collected by Douglas.
RanGeE: Idaho and adjacent Washington to Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 1887; Wawawai, Elmer 90.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

4. Ribes divaricatum Doug]. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 515. 1830.
Type Locauity: “ Northwest coast of North America from the 45° to the 52° N. Lat.”
Collected by Douglas.
RanGE: British Columbia to southern California west of the Cascade Mountains.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3921; Hoquiam, Lamb 1005; Admiralty Head,
Piper, April, 1898; Seattle, Piper in 1897; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Port Ludlow,
Binns; Puget Sound, Brandegee in 1885; Seattle, Engelman & Sargent in 1880;. upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 69; Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Rock Island, Henderson, July, 1892.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

5. Ribes inerme Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 202. 1900.

Type Loca.itry: “Slough Creek,”’ Montana.

Rance: Rocky Mountains from Montana to New Mexico and westward to the Sierras
and Cascades.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Whited 288; Pullman, Piper
1801, 3538; Elmer 87, 1256; without locality, Vasey.in 1889; Chewaukum, Whited 2545.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

6. Ribes irriguum Dougl. Trans. Lond. Hort. Soc. 7: 576. 1830.
Ribes leucoderme Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 93. 1897.

. Type vocaurry: “On the Blue Mts. in latitude 46° 33’, very common;” “also on hills
on the banks of the Spokane River.” Collected by Douglas.
Rance: North Idaho and adjacent Washington.

. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Piper 2262, 2284;
Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper 2433; along Tukanon River, Lake &
Hull 459; Mount Carlton, Kreager 215.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Ribes cognatum Greene, Pittonia 3: 115. 1896.

Type Locarity: ‘‘ River banks at Pendleton,” Oregon. Collected by Howell.

RanGE: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache region, Brandegee 772; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg
150; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson; Union Flat Creek, Piper 1810, 2628, 3565, 3566; Elmer
116; Almota, Piper 2627; Wawawai, Piper. 1501.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

8. Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 2: 856. 1811.
Ribes echinatum Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 517. 1830.
Type Loca.ity: Lake Mistassini, Canada.

= P.
a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. S20

Range: Labrador and New England to Alaska, and south to central California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 321; Elmer 2656; Admiralty
Head, Piper, April, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 29; near
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 19; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1257; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1243; Wenache region, Brandegee 771; Lake
Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 645; Blue Ssantkins,; Piper 2423, August, 1896; Lake &
Hull, July, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

9. Ribes lentum (Jones) Coville & Rose, Proc. Biol. Soe Wash. 15: 28. 1902.
Ribes lacustre molle A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 206. 1880.
Ribes lacustre lentum Jones, Pree. Cal. Acad. II. 5: 681. 1895.
Ribes molle Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 209. 1898, not Poepp. 1858.
Ribes nubigenum McClatchie, Erythea 2: 80. 1894, not Phil. 1856.
Ribes montigenum McClatchie, Erythea 5: 38. 1897.
TYPE LocaLity: Utah.
Rance: Washington to California and Utah.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 2489; Klickitat River, Flett 1318.

10. Ribes bracteosum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 233. 1831. STINK CURRANT.

Type Loca.ity: “ At the confluence of the Columbia with the ocean.’’ Collected by
Scouler and by Douglas.

Ranae: Alaska to north California, west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1011; Montesano, Heller 3912; Seattle, Piper
96; Silverton, Bouck 65; Clallam County, Elmer 2652; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 124;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 124; Nisqually valley, Allen 27; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg
728; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 361; without locality, Cooper; without locality, pases in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian.

11. Ribes laxiflorum Pursh, Fl. 2: 731. 1814. :

Ribes affine Dougl.; Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 138. 1832.

TYPE LocaLity: “On the northwest coast.’’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon, near the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Head of Duckaboose River, Olympic Mountains, Piper 2206;
Chehalis County, Lamb 1064a; head of Twisp River, Whited 221; without locality, Cooper;
Ilwaco, Piper 4954.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

12. Ribes howellii Greene, Erythea 4: 57. 1896.

Ribes acerifolium Howell, Erythea 3: 34. 1895, not Koch. 1869.

Ribes laxiflorum Pursh, err. det. Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 208. 1898.

Type LocaLity: On Mount Hood, Oregon.

Rance: Mount Hood, Oregon, northward into British Columbia in the mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2207; Elmer 2657; Sargent. August
18, 1896; Mount Rainier, Piper 2035, August, 1888; Sargent, August 18, 1896; Goat Moun-
tains, Alen 70; Klickitat River, Flett 1308, 1320; Nason Creek, Sandberg & ket 669;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 666; Mount Adams, Subsdorf 634, 367.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

13. Ribes petiolare Doug]. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 514. 1830.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘On the western base of the Rocky Mts. from the 48° to the 52° N.
Lat.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to western Montana and northern Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache region, Brandegee 769; Wenache, Whited, May, 1896;
near Ellensburg, Piper 2626; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Mount Stuart, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 566; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; along Salmon River, Horner
296; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1318.

326 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.
This species has been confused with Ribes hudsonianum Richards., which is not known
west of the Rocky Mountains.

14. Ribes ciliosum Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 208. 1898.

Ribes migratorium Suksdorf, Deutsche Bot. Monatss. 18: 86. 1900.

Type Locauity: ‘‘ Marshy ground about the base of Mt. Hood on the south side,” eee
Collected by Howell.

RanGE: Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 969; Klickitat River, Flett 1320;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.

15. Ribes sanguineum Pursh, Fl. 1: 164. 1814. ; RED FLOWERING CURRANT.

Tyre cocauity: ‘‘On the Columbia River.’ Collected by Lewis. The exact locality
was near Deer Island.

Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2658, 2654; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 97; Lake Washington, Engelman & Sargent, July 16, 1880;
Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 69; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 80;
Port Ludlow, Binns; Silverton, Bouck 66; Columbia River, Douglas in 1833; without
locality, Cooper; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 462.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

The color of the flowers of this species varies from very dark to very pale crimson. Occa-
sional specimens are white-flowered.

16. Ribes cereum Doug]. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 512. 1830.

Ribes reniforme Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 21. 1834.

Type Locauity: On ‘‘the river Columbia from the Great Falls 45° 46’ 17” N. Lat. to
the source of that stream in the Rocky Mts.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to New Mexico and South Dakota.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2625; Mount Adams Suksdorf, September,
1877; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 442; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 324; upper Naches River, Henderson, June, 1892; White Bluffs, Lake
& Hull 461; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Lei-
berg 93; Coulee City, Henderson, July, 1892; Spokane, Sandberg, McDougal & Heller,
April 20, 1892; Heller 2936; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894; near Almota, Piper, April, 1894,
June, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DistTRiBuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

17. Ribes viscosissimum Pursh, Fl. 1: 163. 1814.

Type tocauity: ‘‘On the Rocky Mountains in the interior of North America.” Col-
lected by Lewis. The exact locality is on the Lolo Trail, Bitterroot Mountains, Idaho.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Montana. '

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twisp River, Whited 181, and July, 1896; Klickitat River, Flett
1306; Conconully; Whited 1323; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 684; Spokane, Sand-
berg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Sargent, July 3, 1896; with.
out locality, Brandegee in 1883; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager
251; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1278.

ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

18. Ribes aureum Pursh, Fl]. 1: 164. 1814. GOLDEN CURRANT.

TYPE LOCALITY: “On the banks of the rivers Missouri and Columbia.’’ Collected by
Lewis.

Rance: Washington to Montana and southward to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 22; 1349; Ellensburg, Piper in 1897; Naches
River, Henderson in 1892; Douglas County, Spillman in 1896; North Yakima, Filet in

on

Ne ee eee ee eee ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Sot

1027; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 320; Spokane, Heller 2935; Dewart, May 3, 1901;
Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane County, Suksdorf 301; Hangman Creek, Sand-
bery & Letberg 21; Clarks Springs, Kreager 64; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 20;
Union Flat, Piper in 1897; Almota, Piper 1886; Lake & Hull 460

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

The fruit of this plant in Washington is commonly yellow, but near Ellensburg forms
with yellow, red, and black fruits occur growing together. Excepting for this character
they appear indistinguishable.

HYDRANGEACEAE. HypraNncra FaAMILy.

Shrub low, spreading or trailing; stamens 10 to 12 or sometimes fewer;
ovule and seed'solitary in each carpel.......-...-..--.--2-+-----6-- WHIPPLEA.
Shrub erect; stamens many; ovules and seeds numerous in each carpel.. PHILADELPHUS.

WHIPPLEA.

1. Whipplea modesta Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 90. pl. 7. 1857.
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Redwoods, California.”’
Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb.

' PHILADELPHUS.

Leaves pubescent only on the nerves beneath, entire or denticulate;

styles united for half their length, rarely for more............-.-.- 1. P. lewisii.
Leaves pubescent all over beneath, usually dentate; styles united for

iwo-thivds their length. 6.2. ock oS sa se cectas cs ce beedewancves + 2.P. gordonianus,
1. Philadelphus lewisii Pursh, Fl. 1: 329. 1814. SYRINGA.

Philadelphus confusus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 225. 1902, as to type.

Type Locatity: ‘‘On the waters of Clark’s River.’’ Collected by Lewis, July 4, 1806.
On this date Lewis, according to Coues, was on ‘‘Hellgate River, between Missoula,
Montana, and the mouth of the Big Blackfoot River, Montana.’

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon from the Cascade Mountains eastward to Montana
and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 143; Ellensburg, Hlmer 380; Yakima region,
Brandegee; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 452; Cowiche Creek, Cotton 465; Grand
Coulee, McKay 17; Spokane, Piper, September 1, 1899; Spangle, Suksdorf 300; Blue
Mountains, Piper in 1896; Sargent in 1896; Colfax, Piper; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 464;
Piper 3828; Tum Tum Mountain, Allen 221; Cape Horn, Piper 5030.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Philadelphus gordonianus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 21. 1838. SYRINGA.
Philadelphus confusus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 225. 1902, as to most specimens cited.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Along the banks of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to North California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Satsop, Heller 4023; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma, Flett 113; Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn;
Fidalgo Island, Flett 2100; Devils Head, Flett 2101; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
without locality, Cooper; Seattle, Sargent & Englemann in 1880; Crescent Lake, Sargent in
1896; Cape Horn, Piper 5031.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

The types of gordonianus and lewisii are the same as to style character. Relying upon
this as a better character than leaf pubescence, I proposed P. confusus. Upon further
study. however, I am convinced that the leaf characters, including pubescence, separate
the two species more truly than does the style character.

328 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rydberg, in his recent treatment of the genus in the North American Flora, recognizes
6 species in this group. The characters relied upon, however, are not at all convincing.
P. confusus Piper is considered a valid species; P. columbianus Koehne@ supposed to be
from British Columbia, is identified with specimens here referred to P. gordonianus; and
P. angustifolius Rydberg? is described from specimens collected at ‘‘ Palace Camp” on
the Willis trail to Mount Rainier.

ROSACEAE. Rose Faminy.

Carpels few, in fruit becoming 2 to several-seeded follicles or capsules;
shrubs.
Leaves palmately lobed; pods 2-valved.............-..---- OpuLasTeEr (p. 329).
Leaves not palmately lobed.
Stamens united at base; leaves twice or thrice palmately

S-cleft: flowers .racemose:.2:. 2 s25 ses eeceu alte LurKEA (p. 329).
Stamens not united at base; flowers in panicles or corymbs.
Stamineal disk adherent, entire; ovules 2.......... Scuizonotus (p. 330).
Stamineal disk free at the edge, not entire; ovules
several.
Shrubs with simple leaves; flowers perfect. .- . - Sprraka (p. 330).

Herbs with compound leaves; flowers dioecious. AruNCus (p. 332).
Carpels few to many, becoming akenes or drupelets in fruit.
Fruit consisting of druplets, usually united ..............-- Rusus (p. 332).
Fruit consisting of akenes.
Akenes in fruit inclosed in the more or less enlarged tur-
binate or campanulate receptacle.
Receptacle cup-shaped and fleshy in fruit; prickly

shrubs with pinnate leaves..........-.-.-.----- Rosa (p. 334).
Receptacle dry in fruit; herbs.
Petals yellow; calyx prickly................- AGRIMONIA (p. 335).
Petals none; calyx not prickly. -
Leaves palmately lobed; flowers axillary... ALCHEMILLA (p. 335),
Leaves pinnate; flowers spicate.......... - SANGUISORBA (p. 335).
Akenes in fruit on a plane or merely concave receptacle.
Herbs.

Styles deciduous, naked, terminal or lateral.
Styles terminal.
Stamens inserted near the base of the
receptacle cup on an annular thicken-
ing; flowers yellow ..............- POTENTILLA (p. 336).
Stamens inserted well up in the recep-*
tacle cup; no annular thickening... Horke ia (p. 339).
Styles lateral.
Carpels hairy; shrubs............-.- DasipHora (p. 341).
Carpels glabrous; herbs.
Stamens 5; carpels 10 to 15; leaves
{MOUOIBLG yas ea xs ess SrBBapi (p. 340).
Stamens 20; carpels numerous.
Leaves trifoliolate; receptacle
fleshy in fruit; petals white. FraGartia (p. 340).
Leaves pinnate; receptacle
not fleshy.

aGartenflora 1896: 542. 1896. oN. Am. FI]. 227: 166. 1905.

eee a ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 329

Flowers dark purple; re-
ceptacle spongy. .-...-.- CoMARUM (p. 341).
Flowers yellow; receptacle
dry.
Plant _— stoloniferous;
flowers solitary. - - - - ARGENTINA (p. 341).
Plant not stolonifer-
ous; flowers cymose. DryMoca..is (p. 342),
Styles persistent, terminal, mostly plumose or geni-
culate.
Calyx lobes and petals 8 or 9..........-...- Dryas (p. 343).
Calyx lobes and petals 5.
Styles jointed, the upper part deciduous... Gum (p. 3438).
Styles not jointed, plumose or naked.... SreversiA (p. 344).
Shrubs or trees.
Styles very long and plumose in fruit; petals none. Cercocarpus (p. 345)
Styles short, naked; petals yellow. .........-.- Kunzia (p. 345).

OPULASTER. NINEBARK.

Carpels pubescent, not exceeding the calyx.........-.-.------------- 1. O. pauciflorus.
Capsules glabrous, much exceeding the calyx. . ec ee ete ee . 2. O. opulifolius.

1. Opulaster paucifiorus (Torr. & Gr.) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 581. 1898.

Spiraea opulifolia pauciflora Torr. & Gr. F]. 1: 414. 1840.

Neillia malvacea Greene, Pittonia 2: 30. 1889.

Opulaster malvaceus Greene, Erythea 2: 194. 1895.

Physocarpus pauciflorus Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 94. 1901.

Type Locaity: Blue Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Utah and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2693; Rock Lake,
Sandberg & Leiberg 102; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3088, 3557; Elmer 808; Blue Mountains,
Piper, July 16, 1896; Clarks Springs, Kreager 35; Spokane, Kreager 625.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 989. 1891.

Spiraea opulifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 489. 1753.

Neillia opulifolia Benth. & Hook.; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 171. 1876.

Physocarpa opulifolia Raf. New Fl. 3:73. 1836.

Spiraea capitata Pursh, Fl. 1: 342. 1814.

Type Locatity: “In Virginia, Canada.”

Rance: Canada to Georgia and Kentucky; British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2520; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Coupeville, Gardner 99; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Montesano, Heller 3858;
Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Chehalis County, Lamb 1154; Silverton, Bouck 46; Manor,
Piper 3074; Roslyn, Whited 459; Klickitat River, Flett 1330; Blue Mountains, Pia July,
1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

LUTKEA.

1. Lutkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 217. 1891.
Lutkea sibbaldioides Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 130. 1833.
Saxifraga pectinata Pursh, Fl. 1: 312. 1814.

Eriogynia pectinata Hook. F). Bor. Am. 1: 255. pl. 88. 1834.
Type Locatity: “Northwest coast.’’ Collected by Menzies.
Rance: Alaska to Mount Shasta and the Blue Mountains.

330 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1992; Elmer 2531; Cascade Moun-

tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 51; Mount Rainier, Allen 122; Piper |

2041; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf, September, 1877; Skagit Pass,

Lake & Hull 491; between Cascade Mountains and Colville, Zyall in 1860; Nason Creek,

Sandberg & Leiberg 655; Bridge Creek, Elmer 639; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

SCHIZONOTUS.

1. Schizonotus discolor (Pursh) Raf. New Fl. 3: 75. 1836. OCEAN SPRAY.

Holodiscus discolor Maxim. Aet. Hort. Petrop. 6: 254. 1879.

Spiraea discolor Pursh, Fl. 1: 342. 1814.

Spiraea ariaefolia Smith, Rees Cycl. 33: no. 16. 1816.

Tyre Locauity: “On the banks of the Kooskoosky.’’ Collected by Lewis.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2522; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 64; Port Ludlow, Binns; near Satsop, Heller 4025;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 2; Atanum Soda Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Skagit Pass,
Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 478;
Wenache, Whited 1176; Ellensburg, Whited 543; Cowiche Creek, Cotton 466; Horseshoe
Basin, Elmer 708; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 512; Loon
Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Clarks Springs, Kreager 78; Mount Carlton, Kreager 261.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, rarely Upper Sonoran.

SPIRAEA.
Low depressed shrubs with entire leaves.
Calyx lobes acute; leaves canescent...... .....-.-.-.----------- 1. S. cinerascens.
Calyx lobes obtuse; leaves glabrous ...........-.-...-.----+---- 2. S. hendersonit.

Taller shrubs with serrate or incised leaves.
Inflorescence pyramidal.

Leaves tomentose beneath; flowers red.............-.------- 3. S. douglasii.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Bhowele ¥en os oc ats cs Sap 0b Va Sins ms ceen es ee ea
PUWOEN. WER oss cass Sea Soran Wee zc oatee eewa ras 5. S. pyramidata.
Inflarescence flat-topped.
Diese, NON So co carcadouasisernieeas seca est 5 6. S. densiflora.
DU DOG MRO a Fos ic Daa aes ta es fase eas 7. 8. corymbosa.

1. Spiraea cinerascens Piper, Erythea 7: 171. 1899.

Type Locauity: “On bluffs of the Columbia River, Wash., 12 milcs south of Chelan, in
crevices of basaltic rock.’’ Collected by Elmer.

Rance: Known only from the type collection.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Okanogan County, Elmer 910.

2. Spiraea hendersoni (Canby) Piper, Erythea 7: 171, 172. 1899.

Lutkea hendersoni Greene, Pittonia 2: 219. 1892

Eriogynia hendersoni Canby, Bot. Gaz. 16: 236. 1891.

Tyre LocaLity: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington.

Rance: Olympic Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 910, 1991; Elmer 2517; Henderson
1874; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1374; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 344.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

3. Spiraea douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 172. 1830. .

Tyre Locauity: “North West coast of America about the Columbia and the Straits of
De Fuca.’”’ Collected by Douglas and by Scouler.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.

ee ee ee

— ~

se Te a

Ao

wr” den eee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 331

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2523; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858;
Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Shoalwater Bay, J. G. Cooper in 1854: Seattle, Smith 62;
Piper, August, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 899; Woodlawn, Henderson, June, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

a

4. Spiraea menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:73. 1830.

Spiraea douglasii menziesii Presl, Epimel. Bot. 195. 1849.

Type Locauity: ‘North West coast of America.’’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: Alaska to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4004; Chehalis River, Lamb 1241; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 1; Cascade Mountains,
Henderson, July, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 399; Whited 490; Fish Lake, Dunn, July 31,
1900; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 787; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 511; Peshastin, Sandberg

_& Leiberg 512; Columbia River, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Palouse City, Cloud, June,
1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 193; Lake Chelan, Cotton
844. =e

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Arid Transition. .

5. Spiraea pyramidata Greene, Pittonia 2: 221. 1892.

Type Locatity: Clealum, Washington. Collected by Greene.

Ranee: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 115; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 514; Ellensburg, Elmer 411; North
Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Roslyn, Whited 463; Lake Keechelus, Piper 11125 near
Leavenworth, Whited 188; Kittitas County, Henderson 2325; Horseshoe Basin, Lake &
Hull, August, 1892; Fish Lake, Dunn, August, 1900; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

6. Spiraea densiflora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 414. 1840.
- Spiraea betulaefolia rosea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 381. 1872.

Spiraea arbuscula Greene, Erythea 3: 63. 1895. .

Type Loca.ity: Blue Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho.’

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2514; Hender-
son 245; Mount Rainier, Piper 1993; Allen 57; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 510; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 712; Bridge Creek, Elmer 656.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

7. Spiraea corymbosa Raf. Prec. Dec. 36. 1814.

Spiraea lucida Dougl.; Greene, Pittonia 2: 221. 1892.

Type Loca.ity: “En Virginie.’

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and the Black Hills; also Kentucky and New Jersey
to Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf; Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1887; Tieton River, Cotton 456;
Roslyn, Whited 463; Wenache, Whited 188, 1184; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Peshastin,
Sandberg & Leiberg 599; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper 1522; Hull, May, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake 509;
Clarks Springs, Kreager 72; Vancouver, Piper 4941; Lake Chelan, Cotton 223.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

In Cooper’s Report this species was referred to S. betulaefolia Pallas.

332 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

ARUNCUS.

1. Aruncus aruncus (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 779. 1880-83. GOATSBEARD.

Spiraea aruncus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 490. 1753.

Aruncus sylvester Kostel. Ind. Hort.«Prag. 15. 1844.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in Austriae, Alvorniae montanis.”’

Rance: Alaska to Oregon and in the Eastern States from Iowa to Pennsylvania and
southward. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2527; Silverton, Bouck 50; Mount
Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 561; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf, August 7, 1886; Yakima Pass, Watson; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf,
2044; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 507; Bridge Creek, Elmer 655; without locality, Vasey
in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

RUBUS.
Herbs; stems trailing, unarmed.
Leaves 3 to 5-lobed or rarely parted; carpels tomentose........ 1. R. lasiococcus.
Leaves 3 to 5-foliolate; carpels glabrous .......-.-...-.-.-.--- 2. R. pedatus.
Shrubs. ea
Stems trailing, biennial. te
Leaves shiny, 3-lobed or rarely 3-parted; berries red ...... 3. R. nivalis. nti
Leaves dull, 3 to 5-foliolate; berries black .........-...-.. 4. R. macropetalws.»
Stems erect or ascending. cae
Leaves 3 to 5-lobed; stem unarmed, perennial .......--.. - 5. R. parviflorus
Leaves 3 to 5-foliolate; stems prickly, mostly biennial.
Flowers red; fruit yellow or garnet .......-........-- 6. R. spectabilis.

Flowers white; fruit black.
Stems perennial, very prickly; berry cylindric.... 10. R. laciniatus.
Stems biennial; berry hemispheric.

Berry red; stems not glaucous ..........--- 7. R. strigosus.
: Berry black; stems glaucous.
Leaves glaucous beneath ............--- 8. R. leucodermis.
Leaves green beneath ................-. 9. R. hesperius. ,

1. Rubus lasiococcus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 201. 1882.

Tyre Locauity: ‘Near Mount Hood, Oregon.”

_ Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb 1403; Clallam County, Elmer 2524;
Mount Rainier, Allen 124; Piper 1994; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 541, 10; Klickitat River,
Flett 1336; Stevens Pass, Whited 1433; Stampede Pass, Henderson, June, October, 1892;
Cascade Mountains near Berne, Piper, July, 1895; Yakima Pass, Watson 106; Nason Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg 664; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Rubus pedatus Smith, Ic. Pl. 3: pl. 63. 1791.

Type vLocauity: “In Americae borealis tractu occidentali.”” Collected by Menzies.

Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1304; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2042; Allen 280, 310a; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 540; Sil-
verton, Bouck 57; Stampede Pass, Henderson, June, October, 1892; Okanogan County,
Elmer 697; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 736; Cascade Mountains, latitude ae toward
Colville, Lyall; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

to hoe

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 333

3. Rubus nivalis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 181. 1833.

Type Looauity: ‘On the high snowy ridges of the Rocky Mountains.’”’ Collected by
Douglas.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 78; Mashel Mountain, Piper 710;
Silverton, Bouck 57a; Alma, Piper 1995; Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. ;

This species is abundant in deep forests near the base of Mount Rainier. In such places,
however, it never blooms. Fertile plants must be sought either in recent burns or on
rocky outcroppings. The flowers are dull purplish in color.

4. Rubus macropetalus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 178. 1833. DEWBERRY.

Tyre Locatity: “In the valley of the Columbia.’ Collected by Douglas.

Ranee: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, H/mer 2530; Montesano, Heller 3887; Hoquiam,
Lamb 1017; Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 79; De Fuca
Straits, Cooper; Silverton, Bouck 58; Lakeview, Henderson, July, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 1;
McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Yakima Pass, Watson; Skokomish Valley,
Kincaid, May, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 649; without locality, Vasey in

1889; Roslyn, Whited 408.

’ ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

This species is very close to R. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. of California, but it seems
distinct. It never has unifoliolate leaves, which are so commonly produced in the latter.
The plant referred by Cooper to R. trivialis Michx. is probably R. macropetalus, but we have
been unable to find the specimen.

5. Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Gen. 1: 308. 1818. THIMBLE BERRY.

Rubus nutkanus Mog.; DC. Prod. 2: 566. 1825.

Rubus velutinus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 140. 1832.

Tyrer Locauity: “Island of Michilimackinack, Lake Huron.”’

Rance: Alaska to California, New Mexico, and Lake Superior.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2518; Seattle, Piper 66; Tacoma, Fett
13; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1758; Muckleshoot, Doctor Ruhn; Silverton, Bouck 533 Skoko-
mish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 25; Peshastin, Sandberg &
Leiberg 542; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1758; Tieton River, Cotton 455; Roslyn, Whited 400;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 804; Piper, July 20, 1899; Skagit
Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 502; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 38.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

6. Rubus spectabilis Pursh, Fl. 1: 348. 1814. SALMON BERRY.

Type Locatity: “On the banks of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Lewis, the exact
locality very near Deer Island.

Rance: Alaska to northern California and north Idaho. In Washington it ascends to
1,600 feet altitude.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2513; Port Ludlow, Binns, April 10,
1889; Roy, Allen 97; Silverton, Bouck 56; Seattle, Piper 67; Tacoma, Flett 110; Wood-
lawn, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 26; Stampede Tunnel, Hen-
derson, June, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 503; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 726;
without locality, Vasey in 1889. :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Two forms of this species occur, one with claret-colored or nearly black fruit, the other
with yellow fruit, the latter being the better flavored. The former may be distinguished
even in flower by the purple color of its twigs.

e

334 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Rubus strigosus Michx. Fl. 1: 297. 1803. RED RASPBERRY.
Type Locauity: ‘In montibus Pennsylvania et in Canada.”
Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to New Mexico and North Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Watson; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer, September,
1897; without locality, Brandegee 739; Spokane, Piper 2268; along Salmon River, Horner
295.
ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

8. Rubus leucodermis Dougl.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 454. 1838. Biackcap.

Type Locauity: ‘‘ North West Coast of America.”

Rance: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2516; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1858-59; near Satsop, Heller 4033; Seattle, Piper 68; Tacoma, Flett 16; upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 24; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 704; Skagit Pass, Lake &
Hull 500; Snake River Bluffs, Bishops Bar, Piper 2881; Blue Mountains, Piper 2400.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. ,

9. Rubus hesperius Piper, Erythea 5: 103. 1898.

Type Locauity: “Snake River Cefion at Wawawai and Almota, Whitman County,
Washington.”

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 116; Almota, Piper 1552;
Wawawai, Piper 1788.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

10. Rubus laciniatus Willd. Hort. Berol. pl. 82. 1816. EVERGREEN BLACKBERRY.
Type Locatity: Not known.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4001; Ilwaco, Piper.
This species readily escapes from cultivation and along the coast is becoming shudicctn
established in the woodlands.

ROSA. Rose.
Calyx lobes deciduous from the oblong fruit; flowers small..:....---- - 1. R. gymnocarpa.
Calyx lobes persistent; flowers large.
Flowers mostly solitary; fruit globose, 2 em. broad. ..........-.-- 2. R. nutkana.

Flowers in corymbs; fruit ovoid or oblong, 1 cm. broad or less. ... 3. R. pisocarpa.

1. Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 461. 1840.
Type Locauity: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and middle California.

_ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2515; Montesano, Heller 3897; Silverton,
Bouck 60; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 72; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 359; Mount Adams,
Flett 1333; Trout Lake, Flett 1338; Clealum, Henderson, October, 1892; Chambers Prairie,
Henderson, August, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; without locality, Cooper in 1854;
Columbia woods, Nuttall; Fort Colville, Watson; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899;
Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Rosa nutkana Presl, Epimel. Bot. 203. 1849.

Type LocaLiry: Nutka Sound. Collected by Haenke.

Rance: Sitka to California and Utah. Ou

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3875; Seattle, Piper 81; Enoantse &
Sargent, July 18, 1880; Port Ludlow, Binns; Goat Mountains, Allen 292; near Skagit
Pass, Lake & Hull 770; Roslyn, Whited 464; Wenache Region, Brandegee 753; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1268; Klickitat River, Flett 1407; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf'

Leis ass

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 3o0

-633, 631, 632, 178, 177; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Fort Colville, Watson 119; Pull-
man, Piper 1539; Clallam County, Elmer 2519; Stehekin, sd das & Cotton 222.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2a. Rosa nutkana macdougali (Holzinger).

Rosa nutkana hispida Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 19: 335. 1894, not Rosa hispida Moench. 1770.

Rosa macdougali Holzinger, Bot. Gaz. 21: 36. 1896.

Tyre LocALity: Canyons near Farmington Landing, south end of Lake Coeur d’Alene,
Idaho.

Rance: Eastern Washington to Montana and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1540.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

8. Rosa pisocarpa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 382. 1872.

Type LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Hall.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Satsop, Heller 4032; Seattle, Piper, September, 1896, October,
1892; Port Orchard, Piper, July, 1895; Ellensburg, Whited 677, 443; Port Ludlow, Binns
625, 628, 180, 181; Wenache, Whited 1125, 1334; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; near
North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Prosser, Henderson, May, 1892; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 469; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen
123; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 623, 621, 627, 179, 182, 620, 629; Colville, Watson 120;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kreager 47; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg
320; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 819; Pullman, Piper 1538, 1541, July, 1893. :

The typical form of this species occurs west of the Cascade Mountains. The eastern
Washington forms are very variable as to leaf and fruit and consist perhaps, of two species.
Specimens have frequently been referred to as Rosa fendleri Crepin, but it is not at all clear
how this is to be distinguished.

Rosa CALIFORNICA Cham. & Schlecht, in typical form at least, seems not to reach
Washington. Specimens so referred are probably forms of R. pisocarpa.

AGRIMONIA.

1. Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1: 49. 1842.

Tyre vocauity: “Auf frein Grassplatzen. Pennsylvaniens und auf den Anhdhen des
Berges ‘ Peaks of Otter.’”’

Rance: British Columbia and Northern Washington to New Brunswick, south to North
Carolina and Kansas.

We have seen no Washington specimens of this plant, but under the name of A. ewpatoria
L. it is reported by Lyall “along the banks of the Sumass Lake and River and on the clear
grounds or prairies of the same name.”

ALCHEMILLA.

1. Alchemilla arvensis occidentallis (Nutt.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 96. 1901.
Alchemilla occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1. 432. 1840.
TypE Loca.ity: “Rocky plains of the Oregon toward the sea.”’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 184; Seattle, Piper 602; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 1765; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

SANGUISORBA.

PARRA TOWwoly TOOBIN +c) coe een ce Se cee vans camaro Movseeeeaes 1. P. annua.
Perennial; flowers white or reddish. : — .. 0.426 c058 cone cease se sce eee 2. P. latifolia.

1. Sanguisorba annua Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 429. 1840.
Sanguisorba occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 429. 1840.

336 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Poterium annuum Nutt.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 198. 1834.

TYPE Loca.ity: ‘Red River in Louisiana.”

Rance: Vancouver Island to California and Arkansas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899;
Pullman, Piper 1537; Clarks Springs, Kreager 106.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Sanguisorba latifolia (Hook.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 339. 1896.

Sanguisorba canadensis latifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 198. 1834.

Sanguisorba sitchensis C. A. Meyer; Trautv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 35. 1856.

Poterium sitchense S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 303. 1878.

Type Locauity: “Observatory Inlet.” Collected by Scouler.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck in 1889; Snoqualmie Pass, Piper; Big Creek
Prairie, Lamb 1394; Fort Vancouver, collector not indicated; Skamania County, Suksdorf
966; Blue Mountains, Horner 415.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

The red-flowered form of this species is referred by Howell@ to S. officinalis L. The
white-flowered ordinary form was referred to S. media L. in Hooker’s Flora. It is also
the basis for the entry ‘‘ Poterium canadense B. & H.?”’ of Suksdorf’s list.

POTENTILLA.
Cymes leafy; annuals or biennials with small flowers.
Lower leaves pinnate, upper ternate ..........-..-.--------- 1. P. rivalis.
Leaves all ternate.
Potals ‘as long an the sepale .i.0.205< gnu ose 0s/se 555 os 23 Gsic 2. P. monspeliensis.
Petals much shorter than the sepals.
Cymes loose, rather broad; leaflets oblanceolate. .... . 3. P. millegrana.
Cymes narrow, elongated; leaflets obovate........... 4. P. biennis.
Cymes not leafy; perennials.
Leaves pinnate.
Flowers white; receptacle long-bristly .......-.--------- 16. P. newberryi.
Flowers yellow; receptacle not long-bristly.
Calyx silky; leaflets 1 to 2 cm. long............-.--- 14. P. cascadensis.
Calyx hairy; leaflets 2 to 6 cm. Jong ...............- 15. P. drummondii.
Leaves digitate.
Leaflets 3.
Plant densely silky-villous ...........--..--.------- 12. P. villosa.
Plant glabrous or nearly so .......-..-------------- 13. P. flabellifolia.
Leaflets 5 to 9.

Low alpine plant, 20 to 30cm. high; cyme few flowered. 5. P. dissecta.
Taller lowland plants, 40 to 80 cm. high; cymes many >

flowered.
Leaflets pubescent on both sides.
Pubescence tomentose ..........-.-.------ 6. P. permollis.
Pubescence grayish-silky .........-.-.----- 7. P. fastigiata.

Leaflets glabrous at least above.
Under side of leaves white tomentose.

Teeth of the leaflets triangular -......- - 8. P. gracilis.

Teeth of the leaflets elongate .........- 9. P. blaschkeana.
Under side of leaves green.

Leaflets slightly tomentose beneath .... 10. P. viridescens.

Leaflets glabrous on both sides ......--- 11. P. nuttallii.

aFl.N. W. Am. 170. 1898.

ee ee a

ie

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. oot

1. Potentilla rivalis Nutt : Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 437. 1840.
Type Locauity: ‘In alluvial soil along the Lewis River.’’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington and Saskatchewan to Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 2734.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Potentilla monspeliensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 499. 1753.

Potentilla hirsuta Michx. Fl. 1: 303. 1803.

Potentilla norvegica American authors.

Type Locaity: ‘ Monspelii.”

Rance: Labrador to Virginia and westward. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-9; Green River Hot Springs, Piper’
441; Yelm Prairie, Piper 483; Segualiche Lake, Piper 442; Silverton, Bouck 51a; Marshall
Junction, Piper 2256.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

3. Potentilla millegrana Engelm.; Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849: 11. 1849.
Potentilla leucocarpa Rydberg in Britt. & Br. Ill. Fl. 2: 212. 1897.
Type LocaLity: America borealis.
Rance: Washington to Illinois, California, and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 879, 68, 22; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1760;
Mission, Kreager 491.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Potentilla biennis Greene, Fl. Fran. 1: 65. 1891.

Potentilla lateriflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 261. 1896.

Type Loca.ity: California ‘in moist places in the mountains from Butte Co. to Kern
and San Luis Obispo.”

Rance: British Columbia and Assiniboia to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Fett 22, 68, 877; Clealum, Henderson, August, 1892;
Wenache, Whited 76, 1077; Ellensburg, Whited 458; Elmer 381; Piper, May, 1897; Pasco,
Hindshaw 42; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 279; Almota, Lake & Hull 521;
Piper 1847; without locality, Vasey 313; Meyers Falls, Kreager 501.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Potentilla dissecta Pursh, Fl. 1: 355. 1814.

Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2: 9. 1830.

Tyre Locauity: “Near Hudson’s Bay.”

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountains, Allen 121, 251; Cascade Mountains to Fort
Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey; Wenache Creek, Cotton 1650,
1232.

5a. Potentilla dissecta glaucophylla (Lehm.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 556. 1873.
Potentilla diversifolia glaucophylla Lehm. Rev. Pot. 73. 1856.
Type Locatity: Black Hills. Collected by Nuttall.
RanGE: California to Colorado and northward.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 1998.

6. Potentilla permollis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 175. 1901.
Type Locaity: Endicott, Whitman County, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
Rance: Eastern Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 315; Endicott
Elmer 1830; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

29418—06 m——22

338 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

7. Potentilla fastigiata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 440. 1840.
Tyre Locauity: “Plains of the Rocky Mountains.”
Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2488.

8. Potentilla gracilis Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 57: pl. 2984. 1830.

Type Locauity: ‘On the banks of the Columbia and the plains of the Multnomah
rivers.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 108; Whidby Island, Gardner 97;
Coupeville, Gardner, July, 1898; Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896; Tacoma, Fett 900;
Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; Muckleshoot Prairie, Doctor Rukn; Manor, Piper, July
14, 1899; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 325; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Scouler; Piper 4937;
Cape Horn, Piper 5017.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

9. Potentilla blaschkeana Turcz.; Lehm. in Otto, Gart. & Blum. 9: 506. 1853.

Potentilla flabelliformis ctenophora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 7. 1897.

Potentilla ctenophora Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 75. 1898.

Type cocauitry: In the Russian American Colonies, California.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1529, 3534, 3535, 4134, 4133; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 21; Wenache, Whited 146, 1303; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane
County, Mrs. Tucker. ;

ZONAL pisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

10. Potentilla viridescens Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 69, 1898.

Type vocatity: ‘‘ Manitoba.”

Rance: Washington to Colorado and Manitoba.

SpeciIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt; Ellensburg, Piper 2736; Klickitat
Meadows, Flett 1326; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 423; Fresh Lake, McKay 13; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 518; Toppenish, Cotton 781; Snipes
Creek, Cotton 662; Blue Mountains, Piper 2445; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1646; Satus,
Cotton 1125.

ZONAL pDisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

11. Potentilla nuttallii Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1852: 12. 1852.

Potentilla recta Nutt. Gen. 1: 310. 1818, not L. 1753.

Potentilla rigida Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 20. 1834, not Wall.

Potentilla gracilis rigida S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 557. 1873.

Type tocauity. “On the Missouri from Fort Mandan to the Rocky Mountains.”
Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Pullman, Elmer 69; Piper
1877; without locality, Vasey 322.

ZONAL pisTRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

12. Potentilla villosa Pall.; Pursh, Fl. 1: 353. 1814.
Potentilla fragiformis villosa Regel & Tiling, Fl. Ajan. Nov. Mem. Soc. Mosc. 11: 85. 1859.
Type Locauity: “On the northwest coast.”

Rance: Alaska to Mount Rainier, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 129; Mount Rainier, Piper 1999;

Smith 783.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

13. Potentilla flabellifolia Hook.; Tor.. & Gr. Fl. 1: 442. 1838.
Potentilla gelida American authors, not Meyer.

a

ee ee em Te ge Meee)

*

a

——

\

PIPER—FLORA OF THE. STATE OF WASHINGTON. 339

Type Locauiry: “Summit of Mount Rainier, Oregon, Douglas.”” The specimen was
probably collected by Tolmie, as Douglas was never on Mount Rainier.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon in the mountains. -

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2521; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 1996; Allen; Smith 396; Mount Adams, Henderson,
August, 1892; Suksdorf; Flett 1331; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, 717; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake & Hull 520; Bridge Creek, Elmer 648; without locality, Brandegee 744.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

14. Potentilla cascadensis Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 109. 1898.

Type Locauity: Chiquash Mountains, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington and Oregon in the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Mount Adams, Flett; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2165;
Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2523.

15. Potentilla drummondii Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2: 9. 1830.

Type Locauity: “Rocky Mountains north of the Smoking River, in lat. 56°, scarce.
Drummond ”’—according to Hooker. Lehmann does not note the locality of his specimens
which however, were received from Hooker.

RanGeE: British Columbia and Alberta to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 539.

16. Potentilla newberryi arenicola Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 112. 1898.
Type Locauity: Wallula, Wash. Collected by Howell.
Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wallula, Howell.

HORKELIA.
Filaments dilated; flowers white.
FGRPOS GOADIY. GOUtGh so 6 coc caes aoe 210 Rea ed aw te cace cen 1. H. fusca.
Leaflets lobed nearly to the midrib........--.-..-.------ -... lb. H. fusca tenella.
Filaments filiform; flowers yellow.
Cymes rather loose; receptacle cup shallow............-.-.--- 2. H. utahensis.
Cymes subcapitate; receptacle cup deep. ..........--------- 3. H. gordoni alpicola.

1. Horkelia fusca Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: pl. 1997. 1837.

Potentilla douglasii Greene, Pittonia 1: 103. 1887.

Type Locauity: “In California.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892; without locality, Vasey in
1889, August 7, 1882.

1b. Horkelia fusca tenella S. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 181. 1876.
Horkelia tenella Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 55. 1898.
Type Looa.ity: Sierra County, California.
Rance: California to Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1334.

_ 2. Horkelia utahensis (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 150. 1898.
Ivesia utahensis 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 371. 1882.
Type Locauity: “Summit of Bald Mountain in the Wasatch range, above Alta, at over
12000 feet altitude,’’ Utah.
Rance: Washington to California and Utah.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Brandegee in 1883; Mount Stuart, Elmer;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

a¥l. Bor. Am. 1: 190. 1888.

= a
ee aly

340 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Horkelia gordoni alpicola Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 152. 1898.
Ivesia alpicola Rydberg; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 182. 1898.
Type Locauity: Mount Adams, Washington.
RanGe: Washington to Montana and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892; Flett 1020; Blue Mountains,
Piper, July, 1896; Horner 424.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

SIBBALDIA.

1. Sibbaldia procumbens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 284. 1753.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Scothiae.”

Rance: Alaska and Greenland, southward to California, Colorado, and the White Moun-
tains. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper
2024; Allen 64; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 748; east Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall
in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.

ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Arctic.

FRAGARIA.. SrrawBerry.

Leaves thick, silky and tomentulose beneath. Bl

Leaflets cuneate; flowers 1.5 to 2 cm. broad..........-...---.--- 1. F. cuneifolia.

Leaflets broadly obovate; flowers 2 to 3.5 cm. broad. :
Leaves strongly reticulate beneath.........-.....-...-..---- 2. F. chiloensis.
Leaves not strongly reticulate beneath...........-- weakens 3. I’. crinita.

Leaves not at all tomentulose.
Leaflets thin subsessile, pale green; akenes superficial.

Vicwerk whites < 25 oo0.0ee cee oaceact cmare dks onc bees css 4. F’. bracteata.
Fiowers pmk 23.2524. 56 Fos eked seene csc eosere sh eteens.eeee 5. F. helleri.
Leaflets somewhat glaucous, thicker, petiolulate; akenes set in pits; |
Aware Wits soca acca es tanker tes pc enien ss ae ty ee ine 6. F. platypetala. |

1. Fragaria cuneifolia Nutt.; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 174. 1898.

Type Locauity: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 486; Palace Camp, Pierce County, Mrs.
Bailey Willis in 1883.

This is probably not distinct from J’. chiloensis.

2. Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. Hist. Nat. Frais. 165. 1766 /
Fragaria vesca chiloensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753.
Fragaria chiloensis scouleri S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 282. 1878.
Type vocauity: “In arvis circa civitatem Conception,” Chile.

Rance: British Columbia to California. Chile.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2528; Humptulips, Lamb 1098a:; Ilwaco, :
Piper 4993. d

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Fragaria crinita Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 171. 1898.

Type Locauity: Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper, April 17, 1898; Easton, Whited 147;
Roslyn, Whited 418; Mount Storm King, tae 337.

4. Fragaria bracteata Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 194. 1896.
TYPE Loca.ity: Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 341

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 102; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Silver-
ton, Bouck 54; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June
9, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 117.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5. Fragaria helleri Holzinger, Bot. Gaz. 21: 36. 1896.
Typs Locauity: Idaho.
Rance: Idaho and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson in 1892; Woodlawn, Henderson in 1892.
These specimens may really be forms of the preceding.

6. Fragaria platypetala Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 177. 1898.

Tyre Locatity: Alaska.

Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Twisp River, Whited 180; Klickitat River, Flett 1408;
Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 86; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane Valley
Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Marshall Junction, Piper, Saly: 1896; Mount
Carlton, rlaer 262.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

This is the western representative of F’. virginiana Duch., to which it has been referred.

* ARGENTINA.

1. Argentina anserina (L.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 159. 1898.

Potentilla anserina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753.

Potentilla anserina grandis Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 444. 1840.

Potentilla pacifica Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 179. 1898.

Type Locacity: “ Habitat in Europae pascuis; in argillosis argentea.”

Rance: Circumboreal, extending southward in North America to New Jersey, Arizona,
and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1080; Clallam County, Elmer 2525; Orchard
Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 212; Ilwaco, Piper 4920.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

la. Argentina anserina concolor Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 160. 1898.

Potentilla anserina concolor Ser. in ae Prod: 2: 582. 1825.

Tyre Locaity: None given.

Rance: Alaska to New Mexico. Maine. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Methow River, Whited 9, 226; Alma, Elmer 545; Cascade
Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spangle, Piper, May 31, 1901; Marshall Junction,
Piper 2255; without locality, Vasey 319; Mission, Kreager 485.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

COMARUM.

1. Comarum palustre L. Sp. Pl. 1: 502. 1753.

Potentilla palustris Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 1: 359. 1772.

Type Locatity: European.

Rance: Northern portion of North America. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper, July, 1892; White Salmon
Suksdorf; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Big Meadows, Stevens County,
Kreager 427.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: TRANSITION.

DASIPHORA.

1. Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 188. 1898.
Potentilla fruticosa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Eboraco, Anglia, Oelandia australi, Sibiria.”’

342 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California, New Jersey, and New Mexico.
Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; without locality,
Vasey 316; Mission, Kreager 490; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1651}.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian?

la. Dasiphora fruticosa tenuifolia (Willd.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 1$0. 1848.
Potentilla tenuifolia Willd.; Schlecht. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 7: 285. 1813.
Potentilla fruticosa tenuifolia Lehm. Monog. Pot. 20 1820. :

Tyre Locatiry; “ Aus Sibirien.”
Rance: Same as of the preceding.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Mount Rainier, Piper 1997;

Wenache Mountains, Elmer 462; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 519.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

DRYMOCALLIS.

Style filiform, more than twice as long as the akenes ........---.--- 1. D. rhomboidea.
Style filiform, less than twice as long as the akenes.
Plowers cream-color. :
Stems 20 to 50cm. high; alpine plant.....-. eases 2. D. pseudorupestris.

Stems 30 to 100 cm. high; lowland plant... ............. 3. D. convallaria.
Flowers yellow.
Sevels Drundee ONS iL: <2 oon een epesccescc<ndet can ece 7. D. wrangeliana.
Sepals lanceolate to ovate.
Herbage nearly glabrous. .................-.-.-.-.- 6. D. glabrata.
Herbage very glandular.
Petals much larger than the sepals. ....-........ 4. D. valida.
Petals scarcely larger than the sepals............ 5. D. glandulosa.

1. Drymocallis rhomboidea Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 203. 1898.
Potentilla rhomboidea Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 248. 1896.
Tyre Locauiry: Nevada. Collected by Watson.

Rance: Washington to Montana, Nevada, and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 119; Flett 1332.

2. Drymocallis pseudorupestris Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 194. 1898.

Potentilla pseudorupestris Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 250. 1897.

Potentilla glandulosa nevadensis S. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 178. 1876, not
P. nevadensis Boiss.

Type Locauity: Little Belt Mountains, Montana.

Rance: Alberta to Washington and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1885.

This supposed species seems to me quite identical with the Old World Potentilla rupestris L.

3. Drymocallis convallaria Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 193. 1898.

Potentilla convallaria Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 249. 1897.

Type Loca.Lity: Bozeman, Montana.

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Assiniboia. é

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Conconully, Whiied 1312; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 470;
Loomis, Elmer 565; Pullman, Piper 1528; Elmer 820.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid transition.

This species is very closely allied to the eastern D. arguia, to which it has often been
referred.

4. Drymocallis valida (Greene).
Potentilla valida Greene, Pittonia 3: 20. 1896.

FN eS,

PIPER—FLORA’ OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 343

Potentilla glutinosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 446. 1840, as synonym.

Drymocallis glutinosa Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 196. 1898.

Potentilla fissa major Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 446. 1840. not P. verna major Wahl.

Type Locauity: “In the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.”

Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming, Utah, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 110; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2211;
Wenache, Whited 110; Clealum, Whited 415; Wenache Mountains, Whiied 732; Spokane
County, Mrs. Tucker; Pend Oreille River; Lyall in 1861; Loomis, Elmer 564; without
locality, Vasey 317; Pullman, Piper 1528.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Drymocallis glandulosa Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 198. 1898.

Potentilla glandulosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1583. 1833.

Type Loca.ity: California.

Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to New Mexico and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Glenwood, Flett 1335; Steilacoom, Piper 78; Wenache Mountains
1095; Blue Mountains, Piper 2444, 2446; Olympic Mountains, Flett 82.

ZONAL pDisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

Some of the above specimens have been referred to D. reflera (Greene) Rydberg.

5a. Drymocallis glandulosa incisa (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 199. 1898.
Potentilla glandulosa incisa Lind]. Bot. Reg. 23: pl. 1973. 1837.
Type Locatity: California.
Rance: Idaho and Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2307.

6. Drymocallis glabrata Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 201. 1898.
Type Locauity: Ellensburg, Washington. Collected by Elmer.
RanGE: Known only from the type locality.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 412.

7. Drymocallis wrangelliana (Fisch. & Lall.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 201. 1898.
Potentilla wrangelliana Fisch. & Lall. Animad. Bot. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 7: 54. 1840.
Type Locatity: In the Russian cclony of New California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2526; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2024,
2000; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1761; Manor, Piper; Bingen, Suksdorf 2209;
Vancouver, Piper 4927.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Hudsonian.

DRYAS.

1. Dryas octopetala L. Sp. Pl. 1: 501. 1753. ;

Type Locauity: “Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis, Austriacis, Sabandicis,
Hibernicis, Sibiricis.’’ :

Rance: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Labrador and in the mountains, to Wash-
ington and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; near Loomis,
Elmer in 1897; Mount Rainier, Flett 2166.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

| GEUM.
Segments of the leaves and their lobes acute.............-.-.-.--- 1. G. strictum.
Segments of the leaves and their lobes obtuse.
Blowers largs:. atyle glabrous, . 2c. 0c os eee soap se asec ce 2. G. macrophyllum.

' Flowers small; style puberulent .............-.-- Ae tuteie went. 3. G. oregonense.

344 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

1. Geum strictum Soland.; Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 217. 1789.

Type Loca.ity: “North America.”

Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to Arizona, Missouri, and New
Jersey.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 516; nine miles southwest
Pullman, Piper, July 9, 1901.

2. Geum macrophyllum Willd. Enum. 557. 1809.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Camtschatca.”’

Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado, Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2524; Montesano, Keller 3947; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 53; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 288;
Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Beaver Creek, Whited 192; Rock Lake, Lake &
Hull 515.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This species is very close to if not identical with Geum japonicum Thunb. @

3. Geum oregonense Scheutz, Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsala 7: 26. 1869.

Tyee Locauity: ‘Habit. in regione Oregonensi.”’

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 528(?); Spokane County, Suksdorf 289;
Mrs. Susan Tucker; Harrington, Sandberg & Leiberg 219; Marshall Junction, Piper, July,
1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 39; Loon Lake, Beattie &
Chapman 2083.

ZONAL pistripuTION: Arid Transition.

SIEVERSIA.

Flowers pale purplish; styles plumose. ...............---2-2-2-- 202-200: 1. S. ciliata.
PO WOGE VEAIONT ? DUVICN MMMININE. 0 oa. arn e danse the eng Se eee bene iee saree 2. S. rossi.

1. Sieversia ciliata (Pursh).

Geum ciliatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 352. 1814.

Geum triflorum Pursh, Fl. 2: 736. 1814.

Type Locauity: “On the Kooskooskee.” Collected by Lewis; the exact spot on the
Quamash Flats, now Weippe, Idaho.

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to Arizona, Missouri, and New York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2529; Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant
in 1889; Whidby Island, Gardner 105; Klickitat River, Flett 1324; Wenache, Whited 126,
1163; Ellensburg, Whited 731; Spokane, Dewart, May 6, 1901; Hangman Creek, Sandberg
& Leiberg 64; Pullman, Hull 517; Piper 1532; Clarks Springs, Kreager 22; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 554.

ZONAL bDistrRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

Dr. E. L. Greene has proposed a new genus for this species and its immediate allies,
Erythrocoma. A subspecies of S. ciliata, characterized by having the bractlets cut into
filiform segment is designated Erythrocoma ciliata ornata Greene.

2. Sieversia rossii R. Br. in Parry’s lst Voyage App. 276. 1824.

Geum rossii Ser. in DC. Prod. 2: 553. 1825.

Type Locauity: Melville Island.

Rance: Arctic regions, south to Washington and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 245, 1182.

Dr. Greene has recently proposed a new genus Acomastylis with this species as its type.
Elmer’s number 1182 is considered a new species, A. depressa’ Greene.

a Fl, Jap. 220. 1784. b Leaflets 1: 178. 1906.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 345

CERCOCARPUS.

1. Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 427. 1840. Mountain MAHOGANY. *
Type Locauity: Bear River, Idaho. Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington and Wyoming, southward to California and Arizona.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Salmon River, Horner 298; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull,
July, 1892; Piper 2449.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

KUNZIA.

1. Kunzia tridentata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2: 475. 1825. ANTELOPE BRUSH.

Purshia tridentata DC. Trans. Linn..Soc. 12: 158. 1817.

Tigarea tridentata Pursh, F1.#1: 333. 1814.

Type Loca.ity: “In the prairies of the Rocky Mountains and on the Columbia River.”’
Collected by Lewis.

Rance: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 77, 1064; Ellensburg, Elmer 384; Piper, May, :
1897; North Yakima, Flett 1037; Pasco, Hindshaw: 34; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892;
Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leihberg 293;
Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull 497; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 97.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

MALACEAE. APPLE FaAMILy.

Flowers racemose; carpels fleshy in fruit.............-.-...-.-- AMELANCHTER (p. 345)
Flowers corymbose.
Carpels stony in fruit ...............- Piet Sy 1 tS a eh CRATAEGUS (p. 346).
Carpels panery: in rule 2.220 6 colscscewwcanct pepe dae ss Pyrus (p. 347).

AMELANCHIER. SeErvIcEBERRY.
Twigs pale or ashy.
IGAVOR CUUGHLE AU MASOr se. 6 oo Db 508 sk Phase eve dense aten 4. A. cuneata.
Teesver TOuURGed Ab iiasel 22505 cons os cen ee ahs eters eee ans 2. A. utahensis.
Twigs not ashy.
Leaves tomentose beneath when young, serrate only toward the apex. 1. A. florida.
Leaves glabrous when young.
Petals 2 cm. long; leaves bright green ..................--.-- 3. A. cusickii.
Petals 1 to 1.5 cm. long; leaves pallid. ...............-2..... 5. A. basalticola.

1. Amelanchier florida Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1589. 1833.

Amelanchier ovalis semiintegrifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 202. 1834.

Type Locatiry: “Northwest America.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3958; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Fidalgo
Island, Flett 1940; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper, July 4,
1897; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; Rock Island, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Klickitat
River, Flett 1325; Ellensburg, Whited 322; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Chelan,
Lake & Hull, August 25, 1892; Rock Creek, Piper 2831; Almota, Hull 499; Union Flat,
Piper, April 29, 1897; Henderson, July 18, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1534; Clallam County,
Elmer 2512; Nisqually Valley, Allen 214; Mount Adams, Fett 1325.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This is by far the most abundant species in Washington and it has commonly been referred
to A. alnifolia Nutt. In Cooper’s Report it was named A. canadensis var.

346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.’

2. Amelanchier utahensis Koehne, Berlin Ostern. 32: fig. 2. 1890.

Amelanchier alnifolia utahensis Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 5: 679. 1895.

Type Locatity: Leeds, Utah.

Rance: Washington to Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1028 in part; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
569, 571, 365; Rock Creek, Sandherg & Leiberg 94.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

3. Amelanchier cusickii Fernald, Erythea 7: 121. 1899.
Tyre Locauity: “On stony hillsides, Union County, Oregon.”’ Collected by Cusick.
Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

' SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1028 in part, 1344; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861;
Rock Lake, Piper 2830; Spokane, Piper 2694; Union Flat, Piper 2732; Elmer 135; Wawa-
wai, Piper 3812; Meyers Falls, Beattie & Chapman 2175.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Amelanchier cuneata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 392. 1900.
Tyre Locauiry: Ellensburg, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2713.

5. Amelanchier basalticola Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 100. 1901.

ton.

RanGE: Bluffs of Snake River in Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai Bluffs, Piper 3823; opposite Clarkston, Hunter 39.

ZONAL pistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

AMELANCHIER sp. Specimens collected by Heller (no. 3958) at Montesano and by Lamb
(no. 1190) at Humptulips represent a species close to A. florida, but seemingly distinct.
More and better material is needed.

CRATAEGUS. THORNAPPLE.

Fruit red; spines 4 to 6 em. long.

Cgbrs Sid TARR: oon a5 6 So nt cates axe een at aoa seo 1. C. columbiana,
Calyx and fruit tomentose. .......-..-..- pare erate sin Silos nl fos 2. O. piperi.
Fruit black; spines 2 to 3 cm. long..............-..---------------- 3. O. brevispina.

1. Crataegus columbiana Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 163. 1898.

TYPE ROGALIEK:! “Common along the Columbia River and its tributaries east of the Cas-
cade Mountains.’

Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 505; Spokane, Piper 2387; Suksdorf
919; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 91; 6 miles south of Pullman, Piper 3809; Colville,
Kreager 523.

ZoNAL pistripution: Arid Transition.

This species has been mistaken for the eastern C. macracantha Lodd. It also es
the basis for the entry “C. tomentosa L. var.” in Suksdorf’s list.

2. Crataegus piperi Britton, Torreya 1: 55.° 1901.

Type Locauity: Pullman, Washington. .

Rance: Eastern Washington, Idaho, and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, September 2, 1899; 1209, 1293; Brandegee i in
1883; Pullman, Piper:1535; Elmer in 1896.

Jom ss pisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

This may be only a subspecies of the former, with which it sometimes occurs, being indis-
tinguishable except by the pubescence. .

Tyre cocauitry: Bluffs of Snake River, Whitman County, Washington, opposite Clarks-

ah ae ee Se ee Le en Oey me

ee

ee

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 347

3. Crataegus brevispina (Dougl.) Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. ed. 2. 98. 1900.

Crataegus douglasii Lind]. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1810. 1835.

Crataegus punctata brevispina Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 201. 1833.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Common on banks of streams on the north-west coast of America.”
Collected by Douglas and by Scouler. -

Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 544; Wenache,
Whited 1292, 1070, 89; Ellensburg, Whited 348; Glendale, Lake & Hull 504; without locality
Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Kreager 534; Puyallup, Piper, May 29, 1902; Pullman, Piper 3827,
3826.

ZONAL pistriBuTion: Arid Transition.

The specimens from western Washington are somewhat different from those of eastern
Washington and possibly distinct.

Near Pullman and Spokane occurs a form whose fruit is first chestnut-colored, later turn-
ing black. This blooms a little later than the ordinary form, but has no definite characters
to distinguish it.

PYRUS.
heaves pinpia; Trait: Oblong. 2. is. 22-5. 42ece beet st ce ednccesnecsete 1 P..diversifond.
Leaves pinnate; fruit globose.
Fruit. coral-red; leaflets shining, serrate from near the base........ 2. P. sitchensis.
Fruit purple, glaucous; leaflets dull, serrate near the apex.....-.. - 3. P. occidentalis.

1. Pyrus diversifolia Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 133. 1832. CRABAPPLE.

Pyrus rivularis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 203. 1834.

Type Locatity: Sitka.

Rance: Alaska to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2510; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Steilacoom, G. C. Woolson; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 213; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

2. Pyrus sitchensis (Roem.) Piper, Mazama 2: 107. 1901. Mountain ASH

Sorbus sitchensis Roem. Syn. Mon. 3: 139. 1847.

Type Locarity: Sitka-

Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Piper 1989; Twisp River, Whited, July 19, 1896;
Faston, Whited 424; Mount Rainier, Piper 1990; Bear Prairie, Allen 291; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Klickitat River, Flett 1341; Nason Creek, Sandberg &
Leiberg 683; near Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull; Blue Mountains, Piper 2420; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 265; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 204.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

Referred to Pyrus americana DC. in Cooper’s Report. It is also the Sorbus sambuci-
folius or Pyrus sambucifolius of various reports so far as Washington specimens are con-
cerned, but it is quite different from the real Pyrus sambucifolius Cham. & Schlecht.

3. Pyrus occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 263. 1888. MounrTAIN ASH.

Sorbus occidentalis Greene, Fl. Fran. 54. 1891.

Type voca.ity: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°. Collected by Lyall.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2509; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1365, 1365a; Mount Rainier, Piper 1988, Flett 277; Goat
Mountains, Allen 125; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; mountains, Skamania
County, Suksdorf, August 13, 1886; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Stam-
pede Pass, Henderson, October, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 750; Bridge Creek,
Elmer 663; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

348 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

AMYGDALACEAE. Atmonp Famity.

Flowers: porivct>ontpel solitary. <>. ..<5.2%.0ckss 2s weteiress cdwassdtus nk Prunus.
Flowembaiioecioua;.carpels five _. . <. 5... << peas cvac ede sacs caanse cotsac ese) OSMAROMEAG
PRUNUS.

Flowers tacemose; fruit dark purple .....................-.-.------- 1. P. demissa.
Flowers eorymbose; frust- binggat-red':. 2.556 0& 22 oe sd wae seca ls tance 2. P. emarginata.
1. Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Dietrich, Syn. Pl. 3: 43. 1843. CHOKECHERRY.

. Cerasus demissa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 411. 1840.

Type Locaity: “ Plains of the Oregon toward the sea and mouth of the Wahlamet.”’

Rance: Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Perhaps also farther eastward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 100; Wenache, Whited 117, 1071;
Yelm Prairie, Piper 1120; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Sunnyside, Cotton 371;
Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 104; upper Columbia, Lyall; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull
in August, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane Valley, Watson 97; Pullman,
Piper 1530, August, 1896; Wawawai, Lake, May, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896.

ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

Two forms or perhaps distinct species occur in eastern Washington, one with densely
flowered stiff racemes blooming about a week later than the other, which has looser, laxer
racemes. The former is often arborescent, and tends to have broader leaves.

2. Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walp. Rep. 2: 9. 1843. WILD CHERRY.

Cerasus emarginata Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 169. 1830.

Type Locauity: “On the upper part of the Columbia River, eaeeed about the Kettle
Falls.”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1327; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1005;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiherg 590; White Bluff, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Fllensburg,
Piper, May, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July,
1892; Piper, August, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 245.

ZONAL pDistripuTION: Arid Transition.

2a. Prunus emarginata villosa Sudw. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forest. Bull. 14: 240. 1897.

Cerasus mollis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 169. 1830, not Torr. 1824.

Prunus mollis Walp. Repert. 2: 9. 1843.

Prunus emarginata mollis Brewer in Brewer and Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 167. 1876.

Tyre Loca.iry: “Northwest coast of America, near the mouth of the Columbia, and on
subalpine hills, near the sources of that river.’”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2525; Montesano, Heller 4036; Port Lud-
low, Binns; Tacoma, Flett 56; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen 120; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 513.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

OSMARONIA.

1. Osmaronia cerasiformis (Torr. & Gr.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 191. 1891. InprIan PLUM.
Nuttallia cerasiformis Torr. & Gr.; Hook & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 337. pl. 82, 1841.
Tyre Locauity: “On the Columbia.’”’ Collected by Nuttall, by Douglas, and by Scouler.
Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3874; Admiralty Head, Piper, March, 1898;

Seattle, Piper 61; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 59; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 13;

Maxfield, Henderson, April, June, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer 2511.

4
;

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—_—s

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 349

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.
Allen’s 59 is considered a distinct subspecies by Professor Greene, Osmaronia cerasiformis
nigra,@ based principally upon the drupes which seem to lack the usual glaucous coating.

FABACEAE. Bran Faminy.

Stamens 5, monadelphous; leaves pinnate -...:-...-.--------- PETALOSTEMUM (p. 350).
Stamens 10.
Filaments distinct; leaves trifoliolate -............-.-.--- THERMOpSIS (p. 349).

Filaments united, either monadelphous or diadelphous, 9 and 1.
Anthers of two forms, round and oblong.
Leaves digitate with 5 to 11 leaflets; ours herbs... Lupryus (p. 350).
Leaves with solitary leaflets; spiny shrub... ...-- - Utex (p. 358).
Anthers all alike.
Leaves digitate, or if pinnate then trifoliolate.

Pods curved or coiled; flowers in spikes... .- - - Mepicaco (p. 363).

Pods straight. ©
Flowers in long racemes.....-.....----- MELILoTUS (p. 358).
Flowers in heads or head-like umbels... - - .TRIEOLIUM (p. 358).

Leaves pinnate; leaflets mostly more than 3; no ten-
drils.

Herbage dotted with conspicuous glands.
Leaflets 3; pods not spiny. ..-.----.- ... PsorALea (p. 363).
Leaflets many; pods spiny......-.-..-.- GLYCYRRHIZA (p. 364).

Herbage not dotted with conspicuous glands.
Leaves unequally pinnate, not tendril bear-
ing.
Flowers umbellate or solitary; pods
TROT ee Seo en ne See ER eee Hosackia (p. 364).
Flowers spicate or racemose, rarely
solitary, then pods not linear.
Rodsavlomentee-. 25222 tose eel HepysarvuM (p. 366).
Pod not a loment.
Keel of the corolla acute or
subulate at apex......... ARAGALLUS (p. 367).
Keel of the corolla obtuse at
APCX es 'tesses see cee ce Puaca (p. 367).
Leaves abruptly pinnate, usually tendril-
bearing.
Style filiform, hairy only near the tip. . Vicra (p. 374).
Style flattened, bairy on the inner side. Laruyrus (p. 375).

THERMOPSIS.

1. Thermopsis montana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 388. 1840.

Type Loca.ity: “ High valleys of the Rocky Mountains, in bushy places by streams, near
the line of Upper California.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to Montana and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla region, Brandegee 695.

This or the following was referred to 7. fabacea (Pall.) DC. by Hooker.

la. Thermopsis montana ovata Robinson, subsp. nov.
Leaflets broader than in 7’. montana, ovate.
Rance: North Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.

aGreene, Pittonia 5: 309. 1905. b FI. Bor. Am. 1: 128. 1838.

350 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb 1197; Walla Walla, Leckenby, June, 1898;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Palouse City, Moore, June, 1893; Henderson, July; 1892.

ZONAL DistriBuTion: Arid Transition.

The type is Piper 1489, collected on Cedar Mountain, Latah County, Idaho.

PETALOSTEMUM.

1. Petalostemum ornatum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 138. 1830.

Type Loca.iry: ‘Frequent in the arid prairies near eee Biue Mountains of Lewis [Snake]
River, North-West America.”’ Collected by Douglas.
. Rance: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and south Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper 2973; Leckenby in June, ‘898; Walla Walla, Lyall
in 1860; near Columbia and Snake rivers, Brandegee 714.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

LUPINUS. Lupine.

Subgen. I. PLATYCARPOS 8S. Wats.—Ovary 2-ovuled, forming a
short and relatively broad 2-(1-)seeded pod; annuals or biennials
with deep often lignescent taproot and persisting cotyledons.
Peduncles 1 to 2 cm. long; flowers small; corolla about 1 em. long.... 1. L. pusillus.
Peduncles 5 to 15 cm. long; flowers larger; corolla 1.5 em. long... ... 2. L. microcarpus.
Subgen. II. LUPINUS proper.—Ovary 3 to many-ovuled, forming an
oblong to linear several-seeded pod; cotyledons not persisting.¢
§ 1. Micrantui.—Annuals, slender, branching from the base; leaflets
glabrous on the upper surface.
Flowers subsessile; wings oblong, 6 mm. in length; corolla usually
SQNG RLIORG 5 Sis rane wn PS n Xygia ae pee Ream tie oe Bees wee 3. L. micranthus.
Pedicels 4 mm. long; corolla deep blue; wings 8 mm. long -........-. 4. L. bicolor.
§ 2. Sericer.—Perennials; calyx subsymmetrical at the base; corolla
blue, varying to white or roseate; keel usually ciliate; leaflets
appressed-pubescent and silky (rarely tomentose) on both sur-
faces, canescent.
Stems scapose or subscapose, 7 to 25 (rarely 40) cm. high; leaves
chiefly basal; flowers sessile or on very short pedicels.
Very dwarf (7 to 15, rarely 20, cm. high), cespitose; flowers subses-
sile, smal]; keel 6 to 8 mm. long.
Leaflets 5 to 8, very small, 6 to 10 mm. long......-.....-...-.- 5. L. lyallii.
Leaflets 7 to 12, at least 12 to 20 mm. long.
Densely and somewhat shaggy sericeous-pubescent; vexillum

CUOVRODE sco oc Ce ha PW ecient hint eo eeeelrns 6. L. aridus.
Covered with a fine and saat appressed sericeous aaa
Wexilintm dipcrmseular:... oi ow atta eds be cate Sessions canes Foi dss (NRE

a The followings key will baa in inenbine a species in its proper section:

Annuals, branching from the base; flowers small...........-.-.-.--.--.- 1. Mioranrut.
Perennials. :
Calyx saccate or spurred at the base.............---.------------- 6. CALCARATI.
Calyx symmetrical or nearly so at base.
Flowers yellow... -. -- Weis pruicis UO ERE Oa wp ie sd Coen eens 5. SULPHUREI.
Flowers purple or violet.
Leaves green, the pubescence thin, never silky or villous - . -. - 4. RrvucareEs.
Leaves sericeous or villous.
POMANCE SEFICEOUE S85 2 Fs ole cchis vos eins on ulate 5. SericEl.

Pebaseonce villous. 0. 2 oe oe een ls eee eke eae. BA CAROER

Tes he at ae se et ee Men

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 3DL

Commonly 20 to 30 (rarely 40) em. high; flowers somewhat
larger; keel 9 to 11 mm. long.
Pods 15 mm. long; flowers subsessile ........---.-----.---
Pods 20 to 25 mm. long; pedicels about 3 mm. long.
reaiaiete foes... eset he ees oo Se ae ta

Stems leafy.
Plants dwarf, scarcely 20 cm. high, somewhat cespitose; pedicels
slender, in anthesis 4 to 8 mm. long... .-...---------.----
Plants not dwarf.
Decumbent or procumbent; maritime species .......--.----
Erect, tall, 4 to 12 cm. high, not maritime.

Keel narrow, bent almost at right angles, early exposed
for much of its length; pubescence of stem and leaves
inclining to velvety rather than silky ...-...-.-.-.-.-

Keel broader, only moderately falcate, the tip only ex-

serted.
Flowers subsessile in dense spiciform racemes.
Stout; silky pubescence somewhat coarse, shaggy
and inclining to spread. :
Bracts scarcely exceeding the buds -.....-.- ..-.-
Bracts linear-filiform, plumose, much longer than
OME loc nad ace nang 6 acta oe aren ee

Slender; silky pubescence very fine and closely ap-
pressed.
Leaflets oblanceolate, acute or acuminate .._..._..-
Leaflets elliptic-oblanceolate, rounded and mucro-
Hate GiUNe APO ee Sas sciciss cee ec eee eee se

Pedicels well developed; racemes relatives loose.
Standard: clabrous) -<— = fois ais ersis se oe ean ee
Standard more or less pubescent dorsally.

Pubescence of the stem loose and spreading
Pubescence of the stem appressed.
Stem stout, usually solitary, branching freely;
caudex not much thickened.
Bracts scarcely or not at all surpassing the
PRC Re es caches ek bd eras
- Bracts much exceeding the larger buds

Stems several, slender, subsimple from a thick-
RS CAUCUS thes hers sate fa kak ae
§ 3. Saxost.—Perennials; leaflets green on both surfaces, glab-
rous or villous above, villous beneath; hairs long and loose,
not so numerous or closely appressed as to give asilky luster;
calyx subsymmetrical at the base; corolla blue or purple vary-

ing to white. 3

Dwarf, 20 to 30 cm. high; keel distinctly ciliate.

Flowers small, few, in loose racemes; petals less than 1 cm. long.
Flowers larger, numerous, in a rather dense raceme; petals 1.5
em. long

8. L. lepidus.

9. L. piperi.

9a. L. piperi imberbis.
10. L. subsericeus.

18. L. littoralis.

11. L. albicaulis.

12. L. leucophyllus.

12a. L. leucophyllus plu-
mosus.

13. L. canescens.

13a. L. canescens am-
blyophyllus.

14. L. suksdorfii.

15. L. sericeus.

16. L. ornatus.
16a. L. ornatus bractea-
tus.

17. L. alpicola.

19. L. voleanicus.

20. L. saxosus.

352 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Taller, 30 to $0 cm. high; keel naked or only obsoletely ciliate.
Leaflets obtuse or rounded at the Raper, about 4 em. long, loosely hairy

on both: masleces. } 5055 putes s coe coed es So pasta el cee Seeks 21. L. subalpinus.
Leaflets oblanceolate, acute, 5 to 6 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so
on the uppar sullape Godexs foc ot. soc ox tee cacsttn sas $a vee 22. L. wyethii.

§ 4. Rivutares.—Leaflets green and glabrous (or obscurely puberu-
lent) above, glabrous-or minutely appressed-pubescent beneath;
corolla blue or purple, varying to roseate or white; calyx sub-
symmetrical at the base.
Leaflets of the lower leaves 10 to 16, very large, 6 to 14 cm. long, 1.7 to
OD CI. WIG 5 ic nt ndewe ence each ea ered ses Nee ore? 23. L. polyphyllus.
Leaflets 6 to 9 in number, 4 to 9 em. long, 5 to 15 mm. broad.
Bracts long, spreading-villous, usually persisting in anthesis; stems

SIM PIE) 5 sc sad we der Ji capa dsed tes bok Meee teaee tae s 24. L. burkei.
Bracts subulate, minutely appressed-pubescent and canescent, usually
caducous; stems branehed soy 3.25% oo ke es iste nce ek 8 25. L. rivularis.

§ 5. Sutpuurer.—Perennials, leafy-stemmed; corolla yellow: calyx
subsymmetrical at the base.

Flowers large; petals about 16 mm. long, deep yellow -........-..-.-- 26. L. sabinii.
Flowers smaller; petals about 1 cm. long, light yellow. .............-.-- 27. L. sulphureus.

§ 6. Catcarati.—Perennials, leafy-stemmed, erect, not maritime; calyx
strongly saccate or shortly spurred at the base.

Corolla: blue 2 ov OR no a ek in es ebig oe mea eaewsn as bea ds 28. L. laxiflorus.
Corolla pale yellow 2: Fi shart. acs ee cede e in fee Sabet owe borne 365 os 28a. L. laxiflorus
theiochrous.

1. Lupinus pusillus Pursh, F]. 2: 468. 1814.

Tyre Locairy: “On the banks of the Missouri.” Collected by Lewis.

Rance: Washington to Dakota, southward to Arizona, and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper 2982, July 11, 1897; Hindshaw 39; Mabton, Cotton
1115.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Lupinus microcarpus Sims, Bot. Mag. 50: pl. 2413. 1823.

Type Loca.ity: Chile.

Rance: Washington to California. Chile.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 88; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; Whited
536; Elmer 371; North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Watt, August, 1895; Mrs.
Steinweg in 1894; without locality, Vasey 259; Prosser, Cotton 912; Wenas, Griffiths &
Cotton 85.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran,

3. Lupinus micranthus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl..1251, 1829.

Tyre Locauity: ‘‘ Upon the gravelly banks of the southern tributaries of the Columbia
and on barren ground in the interior of California.’’ Collected by Douglas.

RanGeE: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner, July, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 194, May 20,
1895; Leckenby, May, 1898; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; Johns Island, Lawrence 185;
Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition, 118.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid TYansition.

4. Lupinus bicolor Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1109. 1827.

Tyre Locatiry. “In the interior of the country about the Columbia River, from Fort
Vancouver to the branches of Lewis and Clarke’s River, always on dry gravelly soil under
the shade of trees in the open plains.”’ Collected by Douglas.

_ PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 353

We suspect strongly that there is some error about the type locality. The species
seems to be common in California and extends into Oregon, but no specimens from Wash-
ington have been seen.

5. Lupinus lyallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 334. 1868.
Type Locauity: ‘‘Summit of the Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°.”’ Collected by Lyall.
Raneae: Cascade Mountains, British Columbia to Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2092; Allen 100; Mount Adams, Hender-
son, August 9, 1892; Flett 1257; Cotton 1516; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

6. Lupinus aridus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1242. 1829.

Type Loca.ity: “Same range of country as Lupinus leucophyllus and equally common.”
Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Olympia, Kincaid, July
14, 1896; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Glenwood, Flett 1258; Pasco, Henderson,
June, 1892; North Yakima, Henderson, May 2, 1892; Ellensburg, Hindshaw, May, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

7. Lupinus minimus Doug!l.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 163. 1830.

Type Loca.ity: “Mountain valleys in Northwest America near Kettle Falls; and very
abundant towards the Rocky Mountains along the course of the Columbia.’’ Collected by
Douglas.

RanGe: British Columbia and Idaho to Oregon.

This species has not recently been collected in the State.

8. Lupinus lepidus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1149. 1828.

Type Locauity: “From Fort Vancouver to the Great Falls of the Columbia.”” Collected
by Douglas.

RanGeE: Vancouver Island to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2541; Thurston County, Heller 4048;
Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Tacoma, Fett 898, 195; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 2,
1892; Fourth Plain, Piper 3072; North Yakima Henderson, May 29, 1892; Vancouver, Piper
4923.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

9. Lupinus piperi Robinson, sp. nov. (§ SERICEr).

Silky and canescent, leafy at the base; root single, perpendicular; stems 1 to 6, scapose,
rather stout, simple, erect, curved-ascending, or decumbent, covered with a loosely appressed
pubescence; leaflets 5 to 8, oblanceolate, acute, or acutish, about 3 cm. long; petioles 5
to 10 cm. long; peduncles 7 to 13 cm. in length, equaling the showy rather loose racemes;
pedicels 3 to 4 mm. long, tomentose with widely spreading hairs; corolla deep blue; the
standard broad, entirely glabrous, paler toward the center; keel ciliated; pods 20 to 24 mm.
long, 4 or 5-seeded. This species is near L. hellerae Heller, but is paler in color and has
shorter leaflets, spreading pubescence on the pedicels, glabrous standard, etc. Found in
gravelly soil.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Henderson, June 2, 1892, 2338 in part; Sandberg &
Leiberg, May, 1893; Piper 2730 (type), 2949, 2287; Spangle, Piper 2440, 3543.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

9a. Lupinus piperi imberbis Robinson, subsp. nov.
Keel not ciliated; leaflets larger, 3.6 cm. long; pedicels 6 mm. in length; pubescence
of the stems and petioles widely spreading.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, K. Whited, no. 121, June, 1896, type.
29418—06 m——23

354 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

10. Lupinus subsericeus Robinson, sp. nov. (§ SERICEI).

Root stout, bearing a well-developed leafy crown; stems 15 to 25 cm. high, decumbent or
curved-ascending, 2 or 3-leaved; petioles of the radical leaves slender, 7 to 10 cm. long;
leaflets oblanceolate, obtusish, finely sericeous, but green on both surfaces, 16 to 24 mm.
long, 3 to 6 mm. broad; peduncles short, 2 to 5 cm. in length; bracts lanceolate, rather
promptly deciduous; racemes at length 10 to 13 cm. long, becoming rather loose; bractlets
unusually large, oblong, 4 mm. in length; flowers 12 to 14 mm. long, on slender pedicels
4to6mm. in length; upper calyx lobe cleft four-fifths of the way to the base, the lower
distinctly and sharply 3-toothed; corolla indigo-blue with a spot of lighter color on the
glabrous obovate standard; keel ciliated;. ovules about 5; pod densely sericeous.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 602, May 5, 1898; Badger Mountain, Whited
1220.

11. Lupinus albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 165. 1830.

Type Locauity: “About Fort Vancouver on the Columbia.”

Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 427; near Olympia, Heller 4039; McAl-
listers Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899; Union City, Piper,
July 20, 1890.

Specimens collecetd by Suksdorf' in Falcon Valley, nos. 345, 346, are closely allied to
L. albicaulis, but probably represent a new species,

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

12. Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1124. 1827.

Type Locauity: ““From the Gréat Falls of the Columbia in North America to the
sources of the Missouri among the Rocky Mountains.”

Rance: Washington to Nevada and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 551; upper Wenas River, Henderson 2336;
Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 432; Spokane, Piper 1901, 2270; Dewart in 1900; Henderson
2335; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; July 28, 1894, and 1902; Hull 755; Waitsburg, Horner
86; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Conconully Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 286;
Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 398.

ZONAL bistrRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

12a. Lupinus leucophyllus plumosus (Dougl.) Robinson.

Lupinus plumosus Doug]. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1217; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 165.

Bracts very long and narrow, plumose-ciliate, much exceeding the buds. Sometimes well
marked, but in other cases vague and confluent with the typical form.

Type cocauity: ‘Common in northern California in 45° north, growing in gravelly
soil; it is also found at the sources of the Wallawallah River, near the Blue Mountains"
Collected by Douglas.

Specimens referable to this are included in the preceding.

13. Lupinus canescens Howell, Erythea 1: 110. 1893.

Type Locauity: ‘At the western base of Buck’s Mountain, a spur of the Blue Mountains
of Oregon.”

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Valley, J. Howell, June, 1879.

13a. Lupinus canescens amblyophyllus Robinson, subsp. nov.

Leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, broader than in the typical form, rounded and mucronulate
at the apex; seeds red.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Egbert Springs, Douglas County, Washington, Sandberg &
Leberg 402 (type), July 5, 1893.

wae | ane ess

PLATE XXII.

l
\

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI.

;

ai coh

“SVN3MM YWSN SMOGV3SW MO7 NI SNLVYNHO SNNIGN

%

Se =

ov

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 355

14. Lupinus suksdorfii Robinson, sp. nov. ($ Sericet).
Erect or nearly so, about 60 cm. high; stem stoutish, subsimple, terete, finely subappressed-
pubescent or somewhat spreading-villous, leafy, especially near the middle; leaflets about

_ 9, oblanceolate, acute, the larger 5 to 6 cm. long, 8 to 12 mm. wide, covered on both surfaces

by a short dense sericeous appressed pubescence; petioles 4 to 11 em. long; peduncles
terminal and commonly solitary, 4 to 8 em. long; racemes 20 cm. in length, 4 to 5 cm. in
diameter; pedicels slender, 8 mm. long, scattered or subverticillate, tomentulose; upper
calyx lobe 2-toothed, the lower entire; petals rich purplish blue, about 12 mm. long;
standard glabrous; keel ciliolate; ovary 5 to 7-ovuled; pods spreading-pubescent, 3 to 4.cm.
long, 9 mm. wide, about 4-seeded.—Dry grounds.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 110, May 3 (in
flower), June (in fruit), 1883; same locality, mountain sides, Suksdorf 109, May 2 (in flower),
June (in fruit), 1883; same region and collector, April 24 (in flower), June (in fruit), 1886;
Wenache, Whited 1032, April 23, 1899; sandy hillsides west of Wenache, Whited 1033, May
2, 1899. ;

15. Lupinus sericeus Pursh, Fl. 2: 468. 1814.

Tyrer Locauity: “On the banks of the Kooskoosky.’”’ Collected by Lewis.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1061; June, 1895; Klickitat, Howell, June,
1879; Spokane, Henderson 2338 in part; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 696; Waitsburg,
Horner 90; Almota, Piper 2011; Kamiak, Piper 3087; without locality, Vasey 262.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

The following specimens are not typical but for the present are referred here: Wenache,
Whited 1061, 155, July 9, 1896; Ellensburg, Whited 662; Twisp River, Whited 36; Douglas
City, Lake & Hull 757; Coulee City, Spillman, May 27, 1896 in part.

16. Lupinus ornatus Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1216. 1828. PLaTE XXII,
Type vocaity: ‘In mountain valleys, on the banks of the Spokan River, near Kettle
Falls, on the River Columbia; and also near the chain of lakes of the last mentioned stream.”’

Rance: Washington, Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Henderson 2334; Yakima County, Henderson 2332, 2340,
2342; Ellensburg, Whited 23; Ainsworth, Brandegee 700; Spokane, Piper 1803; Spokane
County, Suksdorf 267; Conconully, Whited 1308; Steamboat Rock, McKay 22; Pullman,
Henderson 2339; Piper 3037; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenas Creek, Cotton 1149;
Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1337.

ZONAL DisTriBuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

16a. Lupinus ornatus bracteatus Robinson, subsp. nov.

Bracts much exceeding the buds, often recurved, somewhat persistent, much more con-
spicuous than in the typical fofm.—Gravelly prairies. Bearing much the same relation to
the typical form of Lupinus ornatus Dougl. as ouepeeee plumosus Robinson does to L.
leucophyllus Lindl., and no more constant.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Henderson 2338 in part; Piper 2728, 2823, 2947;
Almota, Piper 2939.

17. Lupinus alpicola L. F. Henderson in herb.

Stems several from a thickish caudex, scaly at the base, erect, 30 to 50 cm. high, simple or
nearly so, leafy, covered by a fine short closely appressed pubescence; petioles slender, erect,
all but the upper exceeding the 7 or 8 leaflets; these linear-oblanceolate, acute, finely serice-
ous-pubescent on both surfaces, 2.6 to 3.6 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. broad; racemes mostly
terminal on the stems, shortly peduncled, loosely flowered, 7 to 10 cm. long; bracts lanceo-
late, sericeous-pubescent, rather short, when persisting not equaling the tomentulose
pedicels; petals purplish blue; standard suborbicular, sparingly villous near the middle

396 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

dorsally; keel strongly ciliated; pods lance-oblong, acute, silky, 2.4 to 3 cm. long, 4 or 5-
seeded.—Flowering in August.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Washington, Mount Adams, Henderson 1387 ; Suksdorf111; Oregon,
north side of Mount Hood, Howell.

18. Lupinus littoralis Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1198. 1828.

Type Loca.ity: ‘On the seashore from Cape Mendocino to Puget’s Sound. Collected
by Douglas.

RanGe: Seacoast of Washington, Oregon, and northern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2537; Westport, Henderson, June 25,
1892; Lamb 1110; Coupeville, Gardner 65; Ilwaco, Piper 4997.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. +

This is the “liquorice root”’ mentioned by Lewi is and Clark and forsserty used as food by

the natives. '

19. Lupinus volcanicus Greene, Pittonia 3: 308. 1898.
Type Locauity: Mount Rainier, Washington.
RanGe: Known only from Mount Rainier.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2120 and in 1889; Flett 296.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

20. Lupinus saxosus Howell, Erythea 1: 110, 1893.
Tyre cocauity: “On high stony ridges, from near the Dalles eastward, in Oregon and
Washington.’’ Collected by Howell.
‘Rance: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kittitas Mountains, Whited, May 27, 1896; Wenache, Whited 29,
98, 38.
ZONAL bisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

21. Lupinus subalpinus Piper & Robinson, sp. nov. (§ Saxost).

Lupinus areticus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 526. 1873, as to plant of Lyall, not as to
arctic elements.

Erect or somewhat decumbent, spreading-villous; stems simple, 25 to 40 em. high, leafy;

leaflets spatulate-oblanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, villous beneath, sparsely so or

rarely quite glabrous above, 3 to 4.2 cm. long; raceme terminal, 10 to 15 cm. long, many-
flowered, borne on a stoutish peduncle 3 to 5 cm. in length; pedicels s!ender, 4 to 8 mm. long,
spreading-pubescent; flowers large and showy; petals 12 to 16 mm. long; the standard

glabrous; the keel entirely glabrous or with traces of ciliation; pods linear-oblong, about 3.5

em. in length, obliquely sharp-pointed, 7 to 9-seeded.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall 1860; dry slopes on
Mount Rainier, Piper 463, 4114; E. C. Smith 463; Wenache, Washington, Whited.

This species differs from L. saxosus, Howell, in its greater stature, larger leaflets, and only
obsoletely ciliate keel; from L. wyethii S. Wats., in the form of the leaflets, as well as in the
sparse pubescence usually present on their upper surface.

Other specimens referable here are the following: Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull; Mount
Adams, Flett 1254; Henderson 15; Suksdorf 2561, 108, 1787; Olympic Mountains, Piper,
August, 1895; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 699; Elmer 1205; Goat Mountains, Allen 30.

22. Lupinus wyethii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 525. 1873.

Type Locauity: “Flat-Head River.’ Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 89; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 702;
Spangle, Suksdorf 266; Piper 3551; Pullman, Piper, June 13, 1896; Union Flat, Piper 1900;
Wawawai, Elmer 764; Harrington, Sandberg & Leiberg 200.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

APE NATIT TI SP Ce Me sch nish A tne a dl

1 Aa te cosh

2 "
i hae, heey
et A gens

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. BOT

23. Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1096. 1827.

Tyre Locatity: ‘In the North-West of North America.”

_Ranoce: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3878; Whatcom County, Gardner; Seattle,
Piper, July, 1897; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Maxfield, Henderson, June 22,
1892; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper
4925.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

24. Lupinus burkei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 525. 1873.

Type Loca.ity: “Snake Country.’ Collected by Burke.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Piper 2875, 3548; Silver Lake, Henderson, July, 1892;
Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Cheney, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893;
Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker 16; without locality, Vasey 265.

The following specimens are not typical, but for the present are referred here: Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1112; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 454; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July,
1893.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

25. Lupinus rivularis Dougl. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1595. 1833

Type Loca.ity: ‘ Native of California.’

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Piper 4924; Clallam County, Elmer 2542; Orchard
Point, Piper 2315; Montesano, Heller 3906; Hoodsport, Henderson 1875; Chehalis County,
Lamb 1181; Kittitas County, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2566;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2563; Moss Creek, Suksdorf 2565, 2564; Tacoma, [lett
112; Leckenby, June 10, 1898; Charleston, Piper, July 2, 1895; without locality, Vasey in
1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

26. Lupinus sabinii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1830.

Type Locauity: “On the Blue Mountains of North America, and on the dividing ridge of
the Rocky Mountains near the confines of perpetual snow.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and probably of Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains near Waitsburg, Piper 2331, Horner 91; near the same
place, Cusick 3011.
_ ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

These specimens have somewhat smaller flowers than Douglas’ originals, and differ
slightly in pubescence.

27. Lupinus sulphureus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1830.
Type Locatity: “On the Blue Mountains of North West America and on elevated
grounds near the sources of Clarke’s River.’’ Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Piper 2332; Horner 87, 88.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian or Canadian.

28. Lupinus laxiflorus Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1140. 1828.
Lupinus arbustus Doug. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1230. 1829.
Type Locauity: “In dry, open, gravelly plains about the great rapids of the River Co- °
lumbia.”’ Collected by Douglas.
Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 703; North Yakima, Henderson
2337; Ellensburg, Piper 2727; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2569; Columbus, Suksdef 1792;
For illustration of Lupinus rivularis, see Plate X, facing page 43.

358 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Chenowith, Suksdorf' 2568; without locality, Vasey 264; Blue Mountains, Horner 277; Piper

2329; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1301; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1519; Wenache,

Whited 96, 41, 3, 104, and June 28, 1896; near Wenache, Whited 120; Wenache, Whited 1105.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

28a. Lupinus laxiflorus, forma theiochrous Robinson, forma noy.

Corolla sulphur-yellow. 1

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near top of ridge, northern slope of Rattlesnake Mountains,
Yakima County, Washington, J. S. Cotton, July 16, 1900.

Lupinus HOLOSERICEUS Nutt, Lupinus ARGENTEUS Pursh, Lupinus PaRviIFLORUS Nutt.
These three names are included in Suksdorf's list, but we have been unable to find good
evidence that the species occur in the State.

ULEX.

1. Ulex europaeus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 741. 1753. Gorse. Furze.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Anglia, Gallia, Brabantia.”’
This plant is well established on Alki Point near Seattle, and has also been reported from
other localities.

MELILOTUS.
WlOWers WIRE. 5 5 conksRatban 65 oa piers coos eg e eave beeps eee ks 1. M. albus.
Flowers yous 4-053 ad Seen ts os kaso cle os awa en bigs oes ned onbae 2. M. officinalis.
1. Melilotus albus Desr. iu Lam. Encye. 4: 63. 1797. SWEET CLOVER.

Type Loca.ity: Siberia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Egbert Springs, Sandberg &
Leiberg 398.
2. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Fl. Fr. 2: 594. 1778. YELLOW MELILOT.
Trifolium melilotus officinalis L. Sp. P|. 2: 765. 1753.
Tyre Locatity: Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Okanogan, (riffiths & Cotton 345.

TRIFOLIUM. CLovenr.

Leaflets 5 to 7; flowers large, 2 to 3 cm. long..........---...-!. 1. T. macrocephalum.
Leaflets 3; flowers smaller.
Heads not subtended by an involucre.
Perennials; with thick roots or creeping rootstocks.
Heads on axillary peduncles; introduced.

Flowers white; stems creeping..........-.-.-.- 10. T. repens.
Flowers pink; stems procumbent......-...-.-.. 11. T. hybridum.
Heads on terminal peduncles; native.
Leaves glabrous; corolla red..........-...-.-.- 2. T. douglasii.
Leaves pubescent.
Calyx-teeth plumose. -
Heads ovoid, becoming oblong......- - - 3. T. plumosum.
Heads globose.
Lobes of the calyx subequal, 3 to 4
times as long as the tube _...... 4. 7. eriocephalum.

Lobes of the calyx unequal, the
anterior twice as long as the calyx :
tube and the other lobes....-. -- - 5. T. arcuatum.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 359

Calyx teeth hairy, not plumose.
Flowers red; stipules aristate.......... 9. T. pratense.
Flowers whitish; stipules not aristate.
Flowers pedicelled; heads globose . 6. 7. latifolium.
Flowers subsessile.
Heads obovate; corollas not
inflated; leaflets soft; stip-
ules acuminate .......-..- 7. T. longipes.
Heads globose; corollas in-
flated; leaflets firm; stip-

ules obtusish........-.... 8. T. covillei.
Annuals; roots fibrous.
Calyx teeth plumose. ;
Heads ovate; flowers dark purple.....-..------ 12. T. albopurpureum
Heads oblong; flowers pink...-........--.-.--- 13. T. arvense.

Calyx teeth not plumose.
Corollas whitish, not becoming papery.
Teeth of the calyx scarious-margined and
AUBURN eens kena Yeas toe tt eer aes 14. T. ciliolatum.
Teeth of the calyx not scarious-margined
nor ciliate.
Leaflets not notched at apex... .....- - 15. T. gracilentum.
Leaflets notched at apex.....-...--..-- 16. T. hallii.
Corollas yellow, becoming papery in age.
Heads 20 to 40-flowered; standard distinctly

REIL a oot nk Aeew a ene ahs oi eecene. 11... SrOCRpens:
Heads 3 to 15-flowered; standard faintly
ST RETIRLOIe aoe ies See ath ee 18. T. dubium.
Heads subtended by an involucre.
Corolla becoming conspicuously inflated, yellowish. ...... 19. 7. flavulum.

Corolla not becoming inflated. iS
Involucre deeply cleft, the lobes laciniately toothed;
flowers dark purple.

Perennial with creeping rootstocks............. 20. T. fimbriatum.
Annuals.
Stems erect; calyx-lobes often 3-toothed;
leaflets linear... .. -. Ree ten ud Os aie es 21. T. tridentatum.
Stems decumbent; calyx-lobes usually entire.
Reniiets tears: -.222, 28 acca est. oe 22. T. oliganthum.
Leaflets obovate or obcordate...-....-- 23. T. variegatum.

Involucre not deeply cleft, its lobes serrate or entire;
flowers white or pale pink; annuals.

Glabrous; calyx teeth slender and branched. --- 24. T. cyathiferum.
Villous; calyx teeth scarious-margined.
Involucre nearly inclosing the head... --.- - 25. T. microdon.
Involucre merely basal............---.-.- 26. T. microcephalum,

1. Trifolium macrocephalum (Pursh) Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 5: 336. 1817.
Lupinaster macrocepalus Pursh, Fl. 2: 479. 1814.
Trifolium megacephalum Nutt. Gen. 2: 105. 1818. .
Tyre Loca.ity: “Headwaters of the Missouri.’’ Collected by Lewis. The specimens
were really collected, however, at ‘Rock Fort Camp,” the Dalles of the Columbia.
Rance: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and Idaho.

8 LQ ees rr

j
360 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1355, 11: North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg
in 1894; Klickitat County, Howell 126; Cleman Mountain, Henderson in 1892; near Mount
Adams, Flett 1259; “‘Ketetas” Valley, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains near source of Walla
Walla River, Douglas in 1826; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Klickitat Hills, Gorman,
April, 1895; Kittitas County, Cotton 1606.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Trifolium douglasii House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 335. 1906.

Trifolium altissimum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 130. 1830, not Loisel. Fl. Gall. 2: 479,
1807.

Type Loca.ity: “ Between the Spokane River and Kettle Falls of the Columbia.”’ Col-
lected by Douglas.

Rance: North Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “E* of W. Walla,’’ Nuttall; Spokane County, Suksdorf ; Spokane,

Henderson, June, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1485; Hull 436; without locality, Geyer 472.
ZONAL pisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Trifolium plumosum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 130. 1830.
Tyree Locauity: “Blue Mts. in North-West America in alluvial soils.” Collected by
Douglas.
Rance: Western Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and doubtfully southeastern Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Douglas in 1830 (a Washington locality %).
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. —

4. Trifolium eriocephalum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 313. 1838.

Type Locatity: ‘Prairies of the Wahlamet and near Fort Vancouver.’’ Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Vancouver, Nuttall.

ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

5. Trifolium arcuatum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 39. 1901.
Type Locatity: Simcoe Mountains, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Washington and Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, Suksdorf 270.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

6. Trifolium latifolium (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 223. 1897.

Trifolium longipes latifolium Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 209. 1847.

Tyre Locauity: “Open pine woods on the undulating ridges of the Coeur d’Alene
Mountains, near St. Josephs,” Idaho. Collected by Geyer.

Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches River, Henderson, June, 1892; Mount Adams,
Henderson, August, 1892; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July, 1892; Clealum, Henderson,
June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 437; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 527; Spokane
County, Suksdorf 919, 918; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

7. Trifolium longipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 314. 1838.

Trifolium caurinum Piper, Erythea 6: 29. 1898.

Tyre Loca.ity: “Valleys of the central chain of the Rocky Mountains and on the moist
plains of the Oregon as low as the Wahlamet.”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Big Creek Prairie, Lamb; Clallam County, Elmer 2538; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf in 1878; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2577; Klickitat River, Flett 1263;

AG eee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 361

‘Columbia and Walla Walla,”’ Nuttall; without locality, Brandegee 708; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Clealum, Cotton 855; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1317, 1314, 1316, 1462;
Cape Horn, Piper 520, 4970.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition or Canadian.

8. Trifolium covillei House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 337. 1906.

Type Locatity: Bog lands in the Wenache Mountains, Kittitas County, Washington,
collected by Coville.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Coville 1180.

9. Trifolium pratense L. Sp. Pl. 2: 768. 1753. RED CLOVER.
Type Locauity: European. Abundantly cultivated and established in fields and by
waysides.

‘10. Trifolium repens L. Sp. Pl. 2: 767. 1753. WHITE CLOVER.

Type Locauity: European. Established in most parts of the State.

11. Trifolium hybridum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 766. 1753. ALSIKE CLOVER.
Type Locauiry: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July, 1893. Cultivated and established in fields
and by waysides nearly everywhere.

12. Trifolium albopurpureum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 313. 1838.

Type Loca.ity: California.

Rance: Washington to California west of the Cascades.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom, Suksdorf 2578; Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890; Seattle,
Smith in 1889; Piper in 18€9.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Liumid Transition.

This species has been considered identical with the Chilean T. macraei Hook. & Arn.,
but it seems amply distinct.

13. Trifolium arvense L. Sp. Pl. 2: 769. 1753. RABBIT-FOOT CLOVER.
Type Looauity: “Habitat in Europa, America septentrionali.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Pullman, Piper, July 24, 1899.

14. Trifolium ciliolatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 304. 1848.
Trifolium ciliatum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. s. 1: 152. 1847, not Clarke 1813-16.
Tyre Locatity: ‘In pascuis vallis Sacramenti,” California.
Rance: Klickitat County, Washington, to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 44.

15. Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 1: 316. 1838.
Type Locauity: California. Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom, Suksdorf 1800; Port Ludlow, Binns, May 25, 1890.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

16. Trifolium hallii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 135. 1898.

Trifolium bifidum decipiens Greene, Fl. Fran. 1: 24. 1891, not J. decipiens Hornem. 1815.

Trifolium greenei House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 334. 1906.

Type Locauity: ‘In the Bay district,’’ California.

Rance: Washington to California west of the Cascades.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alki Point, Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Klickitat County
Suksdorf 8; White Salmon, Suksdorf 349.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

17. Trifolium procumbens L. Sp. Pl. 2: 772. 1753.
Type Loca.ity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Suksdorf 1804; Tacoma, Leckenby,
May, 1898.

18. Trifolium dubium Sibth. Fl. Oxon. 231. 1794.
Trifolium minus Smith, Engl. Bot. pl. 1256. 1799.
Type Locauity: Near Oxford, England.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chenowith, Suksdorf 2585.

19. Trifolium flavulum Greene, Pittonia 2: 223. 1892.

Tyre Locauiry: Western California.

Rance: Western California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns, May 25, 1890; Whatcom, Suksdorf 1802;
Seattle, Piper in 1889.

These are probably all introduced from California.

20. Trifolium fimbriatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1070. 1827.

Trifolium spinulosum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 133. 1830.

Trifolium heterodon Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 318. 1838. ;

Tyre Locatity: Columbia River. Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Lamb 1165; Westport, Henderson, June 25, 1892;
North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg, Henderson; Spokane, Piper, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal
1028; Marshall Junction, Piper; Clallam County, Elmer 2539; Coupeville, Gardner 70;
Seattle, Piper 2761; Smith 473; Henderson 2329; Olympia, Henderson 2329; Muckleshoot,
Dr. Ruhn; Spangle, Suksdorf 272; Medical Lake, Henderson 2330; Walla Walla, Lyall in
1860; without locality, Cooper in 1854; Ilwaco, Piper 4989.

The Californian 7. wormskioldii Lehm. is distinguished by its less deeply lobed
involucre.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

21. Trifolium tridentatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: under pl. 1070. 1827.

Tyre Locatiry: Columbia River. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Vancouver Island to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2536; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858-59;
Coupeville, Gardner 71; Tacoma, Flett $03; Fourth Plain, Piper 3073; Rock Island,
Henderson; Vancouver, Piper 4933.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

22. Trifolium oliganthum Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 2: 707. 1841.
Trifolium pauciflorum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 319. 1838, not Urv. 1822.
Tyre Locatity: “Wet places on the higher plains of the Oregon, particularly abundant ,
near the outlet of the Wahlamet.’”’ Collected by Nuttall. f
Rance: Vancouver Island to California in the coast region. :
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 727; Tacoma, Feit
904, 188; Rock Island, Henderson, July, 1892.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

23. Trifolium variegatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 317. 1838.

Trifolium melananthum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 331. 1839.

Type Locauity: ‘“Springy places near the mouth of the Wahlamet,’’ Oregon. bie
lected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 68; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Smith; Olympia,
Henderson 2327, 2328; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2580; Fort Vancouver: Tolmie (1);
Yakima County, Suksdorf 273; Yakima, Watt; Ellensburg, Whited 491; Elmer 402; Egbert

7 ity uh a alia ites Hitt owt ase) SF a =.

~ Pi
an lene -

“ k
~
a
a
<
‘

‘

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 363

Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 401; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 435; Spokane, Piper; Spo-
kane County, Suksdorf 2581; Meyers Falls, Kreager 504; Prosser, Cotton 737, 810; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL pistRBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

24. Trifolium cyathiferum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: under pl. 1070. 1827.

Type Loca.iry: “Columbia River.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Ranee: British Columbia to Idaho and north California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 9; Klickitat River, Flett 1263a;
junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 303; Spokane County, Suksdorf 2584;
Pullman, Piper 1484; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 433;
Blue Mountains, Horner 316.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

25. Trifolium microdon Hook. & Arn. Hook. Bot. Mise. 3: 180. 1833.

Tyre Locaity: Valparaiso, Chile.

Rance: Vancouver Island to California. Chile.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1266; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 1803; Alki Point,
Piper in 1889; Port Ludlow, Binns; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Ilwaco, Piper
4994, 4961.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

26. Trifolium microcephalum Pursh, Fl. 2: 478. 1814.

Type Locauity: “On the banks of Clark’s River.”’ Collected by Lewis. The exact
spot is on the Bitter Root River, Montana, near the mouth of the Lolo.

Rance: British Columbia to west Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 69; Puget Sound, Suckley; Everett,
Piper, July, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 905; Charleston, Piper, July, 1895; Woodlawn, Hender-
son, June, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 404; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 421; Muckle-
shoot, Dr. Ruhn;, Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 434; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Dewart in
1900; Henderson, July, 1892; Spangle, Suksdorf 274; Coppei River, Horner 597; without
locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 138; Fort Vancouver, Scouler.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

MEDICAGO.
Annual; flowers yellow.
Pods l-seeded:: black, reticulate’: -2 225-5 220 Se. sat oeeeeck occ 8 1. M. lupulina.
Pod several-seeded, twisted, spiny on the edge............-...... 2. M. denticulata.
Wereniwiat HOW Ors VIOleteee ae oo ee no eee ors he Oris oe Sey 3. M. sativa.
1. Medicago lupulina L. Sp. Pl. 2: 779. 1753. YELLOW TREFOIL.

Type Locatity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Bin-
gen, Suksdorf 2587; Walla Walla, Leckenby, May, 1898.

' 2. Medicago denticulata Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1414. 1803. Bur CLOVER.

Type Locatitry: None cited.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom, Suksdorf 1806; Tacoma, Flett 52; Seattle, Piper in
1888.

3. Medicago sativa L. Sp. Pl. 2: 778. 1753. ALFALFA.
Type Looatity: ‘Habitat in Hispaniae, Galliae apricis.”’
Abundantly cultivated, especially in eastern Washington, and a frequent escape.

PSORALEA.
SURO PORES: ON GLO SSS S40.) b cis bis os aR eens acu wew eee Oabaedc eee 1. P. physodes.

ID RUMER MIRCDOUR IR Oo a LEDS os od a Pa oe stents Bad ee aa aclais eae 2. P. lanceolata.

- > -! ‘ : . ok ty ‘z. ~ on 4

364° CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Psoralea physodes Doug!.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 136. 1830.

Type Locaity: “From the Great Falls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains.”
Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and north California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 89; Seattle,
Piper 58; between Olympia and Gate City, Heller 4049; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull
Aucust, 1892; without locality, Cooper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition,

Through an unquestionable error Piper no. 58 was referred to P. pedunculata Mill. in the
Torrey Bulletin.¢ The latter species is not known west of the Rocky Mountains,

The type locality as above given is very likely the result of an error. This species is at

present known from east of the Cascade Mountains at but a single station—near Troy, ~

Idaho.

2. Psoralea lanceolata scabra (Nutt.).

Psoralea scabra Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 300. 1838.

Psoralea purshii Vail, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 94. 1889.

Tyre Locauity: “On the Walla-Wallah.’’ Collected by Townsend.

Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 384; Morgans Ferry, Suks-
dorf 275; White Bluffs, Dunn 206; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 664; Columbia River,
latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf $63; Moses Lake,
Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Almota, Piper 1851; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 429; Elmer
748; Pasco, Henderson, June, 1892; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1364; Craigs Ferry, Cotton.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

This plant as to type specimen differs from P. lanceolata Pursh on-y in its white villous
pods, and all intergrades as to the amount of this pubescence occur.

GLYCYRRHIZA.

1. Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutt. Gen. 2: 106. 1818. WILD LICORICE

TYPE Locauity: ‘St. Louis,’’ Missouri.

RanGeE: Washington to Hudson Bay, Arkansas, and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 342; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 1809; Almota, Piper 1582; Wawawai, Piper 1482; Spokane, Kreager 539.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

This species has been reported as a bad weed in Washington, but there is no recent evi-
dence to this effect.

la. Glycyrrhiza lepidota glutinosa (Nutt.) S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 144. 1876.
Glycyrrhiza glutinosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 298. 1838.
Type Locauity: “Banks of Lewis’s River” in South Idaho. Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall.

HOSACKTIA.

Perennials; flowers in umbels.
Pods linear, glabrous, many-seeded.
Leaflets 5 to 9, glabrous or nearly so.
Peduncles usually naked; corolla with yellow standard and

WIL WINGS: : =.= Phe oh ck ce ee Seo besen 1. H. bicolor.
Peduncles with a bract at the umbel; corolla with yellow
standard and purple wings. -. -- -- sages anepnt d dais 2. H. gracilis.
Leaflets 9 to 15; flowers purple.............--.-------.----- 3. H. crassifolia.

a Bull. Torr. Club 21: 114. 1894.

a Pe

’

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 365

Pods curved, pubescent, 1 or 2-seeded; flowers yellow; foliage
DUTRUCNG oats oo. Oe ew ts hab Site weed con ae Soak 4. H. decumbens.
Annuals; flowers solitary or sometimes two on the peduncles of the first species.
Peduncles usually exceeding the leaves.
Flowers 3 to 4 mm. long; leaflets oblong to ovate, usually gla-

PROUS is. SOS Seria wu aes Gabe ae eae tie eee Ss 5. H. parviflora.
Flowers 5 to 6 mm. long; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, usually
SAMOUS>. oo. /0c2 Set te Dik San oe eee a eee ie we oa 6. H. americana.
Peduncles very short, the flowers nearly sessile; calyx lobes denticu-
SPOR See ro LD Po ee den Se 3 PED od eae h SERS ER Tae os 7. H. denticulata.

1. Hosackia bicolor Doug]. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1257. 1829.

Lotus pinnatus Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2913. 1829 (December 1).

- Type Locaity: “In overflowed meadows between Fort Vancouver and the Grand
Rapids of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas.

RancGe: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Woodlawn, Henderson, June, 1892; Olympia, Kincaid, July,
1896; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1161; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Palouse River, Lyall in
1860; Pullman, Hull 782; without locality, Cooper; Seattle, Piper in 1888.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Hosackia gracilis Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 365. 1837.
Lotus formosissimus Greene, Pittonia 2: 147. 1890.
Type Locatity: California. Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Washington to Monterey Bay, California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3934; Henderson 2350.

3. Hosackia crassifolia Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 365. 1837.

Hosackia stolonifera Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: pl. 1977. 1837.

Hosackia platycarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl]. 1: 323. 1838.

Lotus crassifolius Greene, Pittonia 2: 147. 1890.

Tyre Loca.ity: California. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to southern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3925; Mason County, Piper 1044; Chehalis
County, Lamb 1170; Tacoma, Flett 55; Steilacoom, Howell in 1878; Dalles, Lyall in 1860;
Klickitat County, Suksdorf.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

4. Hosackia decumbens Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: under pl. 1257. 1829.

Lotus douglasii Greene, Pittonia 2: 149. 1890.

Tyre Locauity: “Northwest coast of America.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper 57; between Olympia and Gate City, Heller
4047; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 112; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane,
Piper, July, 1896; Henderson, July, 1892; Elmer 376; Spokane, Kreager 2; Dalles, Lyall
in 1860.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5. Hosackia parviflora Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: under pl. 1257. 1829.

Hosackia microphylla Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 326. 1838.

Lotus micranthus Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 367. 1837.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Northwest coast of America.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3911; Chehalis County, Lamb 1151; Seattle,
Piper, July, 1895; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, May 5, 1889;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 533; without locality, Cooper; Lyall; Vancouver, Piper
4930.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

6. Hosackia americana (Nutt.).
Trigonella americana Nutt. Gen. 2: 120. 1818.
Lotus sericeus Pursh, Fl. 2: 489. 1814, not DC, 1813.
Hosackia purshiana Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1257. 1829.
t Hosackia unifoliata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 135. 1830.
Hosackia elata glabra Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 327. 1838.
Hosackia elata Nutt. loc. cit.
Hosackia floribunda Nutt. loc. cit. :
Type Locatity: “On the banks of the Missouri.”
Rance: Washington to Minnesota, south to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 578; North Yakima, Watt; Rock Island, Sand- :

berg & Leiberg 427; Wenache, Whited 1148; Tacoma, Flett 902; Falcon Valley, Suks-
dorf 2332; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 430; Chelan, Elmer 493;
Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; head of Grand Coulee, McKay 24; Pullman,
Hull in 1892; Wawawai, Piper 1483; without locality, Vasey 270; Mount Carlton, Kreager
155; Clarks Springs, Kreager 108; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 692; Walla Walla,
Griffiths & Cotton 552.

ZoNAL pistripuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

Nuttall’s Hosackia elata glabra is a nearly glabrous plant matched by Cotton’s 801 from
Toppenish. It should perhaps be accorded subspecific rank.

6a. Hosackia americana pilosa (Nutt.).
Hosackia pilosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 327. 1838.
Hosackia mollis Nutt. loc. cit.
Tyre Locauity: “Plains of the Rocky Mountain range, towards the Oregon.”
Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. i
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hull, July 16, 1892.

7. Hosackia denticulata Drew, Bull. Torr. Club 16: 151. 1889.

Lotus denticulatus Greene, Pittonia 2: 139. 1890.

Type vocauity: “Mad River near Jarnigan’s,”’ California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SpecIMENS EXAMINED: Gulf of Georgia, Henderson in 1892; Whidby Island, Gardner
66; Fairhaven, Piper 2809; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Ellens-
burg, Elmer 370; Whited 509; Piper 2743; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Colville Res-
ervation, Griffiths & Cotton 371.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

This species has been confused with H. subpinnata Torr. & Gr., from which it appears
clearly distinct.

HEDYSARUM.

Pilowers parple. Jteorciss-~- ~~. abot Rik Sse eee ce gd ane’ 1. H. occidentale.
Magers Sollowiaiswnree. >. . 5. 22 aS easel cat ss ce ties cores adecs 2. H. sulphurescens.

1. Hedysarum occidentale Greene, Pittonia 3: 19. 1896.

Hedysarum uintahense A. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 186. 1902, at least in part.

Tyre Locatity: Olympic Mountains, Washington.

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2227; Henderson 1850; J. M..Grant
156; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1318; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 494; Clallam County,
Elmer 2529.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

This species is very close to H. boreale Nutt. (H. americanum (Michx.) Britton.), perhaps
not distinct from it.

sige clastic amma

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. SOr

2. Hedysarum sulphurescens Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 251. 1897.

Hedysarum flavescens Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 300. 1893, not Regel & Schmalh.
1882.

Type Locaity: Helena, Montana.

Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 551.

ARAGALLUS. Locowreep.

1. Aragallus gracilis A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 60. 1899.
Tyre Loca.ity: “Limestone Range in the Black Hills, Wyoming.”
Rance: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2532; Loomis, Elmer 595.
Professor Greene erects a new species, A. luteolus, on Elmer’s 2532.4

2. Aragallus monticola (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 212. 1897.

Oxytropis monticola A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 6. 1885.

Type Locatity: Northwestern Wyoming. Collected by Parry.

Rance: Washington to Wyoming, Dakota, and Alberta.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant 21; Flett 134, 803; Goat Mountains,
Allen 245.

PHACA. MILK VETcH.

Pods membranaceous, thin, much inflated.

Herbage slightly pubescent; pods 2-celled..............-.-.--- 1. P. lentiginosa.
Herbage silky or villous; pods 1-celled.
Pods very thin, 3:00 Siem, long? ois oes oes lec et ccs s 2. P. hookeriana.
Pods firm; TOcto k2mam: loney ese of a ee es) ccc ce 3. P. suksdorfii.

Pods coriaceous or chartaceous, not inflated.
Herbage long-hairy or woolly.
Pods woolly or villous, not compressed.
Pods 1-celled, somewhat curved, soft-woolly.

Ripwebr Schroteticous. - 32.25.0050 ie ede eve ce cs cciccs 4. P. purshii.
Flowers purple.
Stems elongate, prostrate; leaflets 21 to 25.... 5. P. inflexa.
‘Stems erect, very short; leaflets 7 to 11. -..--- 6. P. glareosa.
Pods 2-celled, small, ovate, short-villous.
Spike dense; flowers 10 mm. long................. 7. P. spaldingjii.
Spike loose; flowers 6 mm. long. ..-...-...-.--.--- 8. P. lyallii.
Pods glabrous, strongly compressed, faleate.....-.-...----- 9. P. succumbens.

Herbage and pods glabrous or short-pubescent.
Pods conspicuously stipitate, the stipe equaling or exceeding

the calyx. .
Calyx oblique; pods curved or coiled, the sutures promi-
nent.
Pods coiled; glabrous... .. .. 2... 5+ 2sis sa te Rene a3 10. P. speirocarpa.

Pods curved, not coiled.
Leaflets 5 to 7 pairs, oblong or obovate; stipe as

IOP OG LUD CRIP 6 eck Se Fo Valves ve Sen 11. P. sinuata.
Leaflets 6 to 9 pairs, linear; stipe much exceed-
Te the PRIS a eo sat eae ten ce acs 12. P. podocarpa.

Calyx not oblique; pods straight or nearly so.
Neither suture of the pods impressed.

a Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 17. 1905. *

368 CONTRIBUTIONS. FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Pods somewhat flattened, pendent, smooth and

shinizigt x treet Ser bok bw canto nrg 15. P. stenophylla.
Pods not at all flattened.
Flowers and pods reflexed . .........-..--- 16. P. collina.
Flowers spreading; pods erect.........-..- 17. P. tweedyi.
One of the sutures of the pod impressed or intruded.
Pods compressed.
Pods reflexed, the dorsal suture intruded
to divide the pod into 2 cells........--- 13. P. misella.

Pods pendent, the ventral suture intruded. 14. P. alpina.
Pods obcompressed, the dorsal suture impressed.
Leaflets glabrous, broadly oval.......... - 18. P. beckwithii.
Leaflets pubescent, lance-oblong......... 19. P. arrecta.
Pods sessile or nearly so.
Pods 2-celled by the intrusion of the sutures.

Flowers greenish or yellowish; pods oblong... ..... 20. P. mortoni.
Flowers purple or purplish.
Pods oblong; flowers spicate.........-.-.-...- 21. P. adsurgens.
Pods ovate; flowers capitate. .........-.-.... 22. P. agrestis.
Pods 1-celled.
Flowers subsessile in the leaf axils; leaflets rigid,
CEIMMNUOG osc ckicsca secs asiewassctas ane 30. P. viridis.

Flowers in racemes or spikes; leaflets not rigid nor
prickly-pointed.
Inflorescence racemose; pods not linear.
Pods subglobose, pubescent, chartaceous.. 26. P. misera.
Pods oblong or ovate, coriaceous.
Sutures of the turgid pod both promi-
nent; flowers greenish............- 23. P. reventa.
Sutures of the pod not both prominent,
the dorsal impressed.
Flowers greenish; leaflets 21 to 29. 24. P. hoodiana.
Flowers purplish; leaflets 11 to 21. 25. P. conjuneta.
Inflorescence spicate; pods linear, chartaceous.
Keel of the corolla with a long inflexed beak. 27. P. convallaria,
Keel of the corolla short-beaked.
Calyx teeth nearly as long as the tube. 28. P. decumbens.
Calyx teeth one-third as long as the
Cab 5 silleg wre ewe nih eran) sla'v.a,e'a- 29. P. serotina.

1. Phaca lentiginosa (Doug].).

Astragalus lentiginosus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor Am. 1: 151. 1830.

? Astragalus diaphanus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830.

Type Locauiry: “‘Subalpine ranges of the Blue Mountains.”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3885; Henderson 2353; between Coulee City
and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 663; Ellensburg, Piper
2674; Toppenish, Piper, July 10, 1897; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 132; Cow Creek,
Lyall in 1860; Klickitat County, Howell; Coulee City, Piper 3885; Washtucna, Cotton 975.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran:

Astragalus diaphanus Dougl., said to be abundant “on sandy soil near the Great Falls
of the Columbia,’ has never been satisfactorily identified. While possibly referable to

_ A. lentiginosus, the characters of “ pilose-scabrous”’ herbage and “linear falcate’’ pods point
strongly to some other species.

: me
ee re.

eet eee ee a)

Bolg m

kyo hen cathe i eae

ete et LT Pie ad wee bite S

o

Se ee Ree

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 369

2. Phaca hookeriana Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: 693. 1840.

Astragalus hookerianus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 215. 1864.

Astragalus olympicus Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 573. 1902.

Type Locauity: “Interior of Oregon.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Range: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2531; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 725;
upper Yakima River, Brandegee 33; Blue Mountains, Piper 2405; Horner B146.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

38. Phaca suksdorfii (Howell).
Astragalus suksdorfii Howell, Erythea 1: 111. 1893.
Type Locauity: “In loose volcanic soil near the base of Mount Adams,’’ Washington.

Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1%3.

4. Phaca purshii (Dougl.).
Astragalus purshii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 152. 1830.
Type Locatity: “On the low hills of the Spokan River,’’ Washington. Collected by
Douglas. :
«Rance: British Columbia and Washington to California and Utah.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1023; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Coulee
City, Piper 3861; Spokane, Piper 2288; Henderson 2357; Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 18; Spangle, Piper, May, 1898; Chelan Butte, Grif-

fiths & Cotton 168.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4a. Phaca purshii tincta (Jones).
Astragalus purshii tinctus Jones, Zoe 4: 269. 1893.
Tyee Locaity: “Edgewood, near Mt. Shasta,” California.
Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 50.

5. Phaca inflexa (Dougl.).

Astragalus inflecus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830.

Type Locauity: “On the barren sandy grounds of the Columbia, from the junction of
Lewis and Clarke’s River to the Mountains.’* Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Opposite Umatilla, Howell 42; Kooskooskee to Walla Walla,
Wilkes Expedition 529; without locality, Brandegee 722; Wawawai, Elmer 112; Hull in
1892; Almota, Piper 1492, 2938; Illia, Lake & Hull 665; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

6. Phaca glareosa (Dougl.).

Astragalus glareosus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 52. 1830.

Astragalus allanaris Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 141. 1894.

Type Locatity: “Plentiful on dry gravelly banks of rivers, from the confluence of
Lewis and Clarke’s River with the Columbia to the mountains.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2680; Whited, April, 1897, and 18; North Yaki-
ma, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Leckenby, April, 1908; Henderson 2356; Pasco, Hindshiaw 46;
Coulee City, Piper 3861; Reattleanake Mountains, Coben 552.

The above identification of Douglas’s A. glareosus with Sheldon’s A. allanaris is not
without misgivings, but the original description points to this species rather than to any
other.

' 29418—06 m——24.

370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. |

7. Phaca spaldingii (A. Gray).

Astragalus spaldingii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 524. 1865.

Astragalus chaetodon Torr.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 194. 1866, not Bunge, 1851.

Type Locauiry: “Clearwater” River, Idaho. Collected by Spalding.

Rance: Northern Idaho and adjacent Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 149b; Henderson in 1892; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Suksdorf 283; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 716; Pullman, Piper 1494;
Henderson in 1892; Connell, Leckenby, June, 1897.

ZONAL bDistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

8. Phaca lyallii (A. Gray).

Astragalus lyallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 195. 1865.

Tyre Locauity: “Upper Yakima River,’ Washington. Collected by Lyall in 1860.

RanGe: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 366; Henderson 2354; Piper 2683; North
Yakima, Henderson 2354; Upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf
282; Pasco, Hindshaw 52; Coulee City, Piper 3856; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 149a;
Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 717; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Rattlesnake Mount-
ains, Griffiths & Cotton 23; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 3.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

9. Phaca succumbens (Dougl.).
Astragalus succumbens Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830.
Astragalus dorycnioides Dougl.; G. Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 2: 151. 1832.

Type vocauity: “On the barren grounds of the Columbia and near the Wallawallah Es

River.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat, J. Howell; Pasco, Hindshaw, May, 1896; Wallula,
Brandegee 719; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, May, 1898; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Wal-
lula, Cotton 1063, 1040; Craigs Ferry, Cotton 1342.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

10. Phaca speirocarpa (A. Gray).

Astragalus speirocarpus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 225. 1865.

Tyre vocauity: ‘““Wenass” River, Washington. Collected by Lyall.

RanGe: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898; North Yakima, Leckenby, April
22, 1898; Yakima County, Brandegee 32,728; Henderson 2351; Naches Valley, Piper 2758;
Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 277; Bickleton, Suksdorf 278; Wenas, Lyall in 1860; opposite
Alkali, Howell 46; Moxee, Griffiths & Cotton 45; between Mabton and Satus, Cotton 1117.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

11. Phaca sinuata (Piper).
Astragalus sinuatus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club, 28: 40. 1901.
Astragalus whitedii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club, 29: 224. 1902.
Tyre Locatity: Eastern Washington. Collected by Brandegec.
Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Colockum Creek, Whited 1353; Eastern Washington, Brandegee

739.

12. Phaca podocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 142. 1830.
Astragalus sclerocarpus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 225. 1865.
Type Locauity: ‘Great [Celilo] Falls of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.
RanGe: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Hindshaw, May, 1896; North Yakima, Henderson |

2352; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 279, 280; near the Great Falls of the Columbia, Douglas;

Binns

Set or elle radon eR yetisbcar. ae

~~

LL = — -—=— — —-

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Bal

near Columbia River, Yakima County, Brandegee 727; Columbia Valley, Lyall in
1860; Pasco, May 26, 1899; Henderson 2352; opposite Willows, Howell; Junction Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 312; near Eltopia, Cotton 1021; near Delight, Cotton
999; Wallula, Cotton 1043.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

13. Phaca misella (S. Wats.).
Astragalus misellus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 449. 1886.
Type Locaity: Mitchell, Oregon. Collected by Howell.
"Rance: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington. :
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 291; Piper 2681.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

- 14. Phaca alpina (L.).

Astragalus alpinus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 760. 1753.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis.”
Rance: British Columbia to Hudson Bay and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Damp thickets, Conconully, Whited 1307.

15. Phaca stenophylla (Torr. & Gr.).

Astragalus stenophyllus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 329. 1838.

Astragalus leptophyllus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 18. 1834, not Desf. 1800.

Astragalus filipes Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 278. 1874.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Headwaters of the Missouri.” Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 565; Piper 2717; Johnsons Canyon, Yakima
County, Brandegee 732; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee
City, Henderson 2358; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Crab Creek, Suksdorf
281; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 440.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

16. Phaca collina Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 141. 1830.

Astragalus collinus Dougl.; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 256. 1832.

Astragalus cyrtoides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 201. 1865.

Type Locauity: “On the subalpine range of the Blue Mountains, in dry soils.”’ Col-
lected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

‘Specimens EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg
196; Sprague, Henderson 2360; Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893; Wawawai, Elmer 749; Piper
1792; Waitsburg, Horner 98; Wallula, Brandegee 730.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

17. Phaca tweedyi (Canby).
Astragalus tweedyi Canby, Bot. Gaz. 15: 150. 1890.
Type Locaity: ‘In prairies, Eastern Oregon.”
Rance: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hills along Columbia River, Yakima County, Brandegee 731.

18. Phaca beckwithii (Torr. & Gr.).
Astragalus beckwithii Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 2?: 120. 1854.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Cedar Mountains,” Utah.
Ranae: British Columbia to Utah and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tukanon River, Brandegee 726.

19. Phaca arrecta (A. Gray).
Astragalus arrectus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 289. 1870.
Astragalus palousensis Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 489. 1896.

aie CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Astragalus arrectus palousensis Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 10: 68. 1902.

Type Locatity: Kooskooskee [Clearwater] River, Idaho. Collected by Geyer.

Rance: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and adjacent Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1493; Elmer in 1896; without locality, Vasey
in 1889.

ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

19a. Phaca arrecta leibergii (Jones).
Asiragalus arrectus leibergii Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 10: 68. 1902.
Astragalus leibergii Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. IT. 5: 663. 1895. }
Tyre Locauity: “Egbert Springs,’’ Douglas County, Washington. Collected by Sand-
berg & Leiberg.
Rance: Eastern Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 354.

20. Phaca mortoni (Nutt.).

Astragalus mortoni Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 19. 1834.

Type Locauiry: “About the sources and upper branches of the Missouri.’’ Collected
by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, Dakota, and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892;
Watt, August, 1895; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Simcoe Valley, Lyall in 1860; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg & Leiberg 341; Beaver Creek, Whited 22, 232; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 667;
Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Piper, June, 1897; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896;
Almota, Piper 1864; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 79.

ZONAL pistripuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

21. Phaca adsurgens (Pall.).

Astragalus adsurgens Pall. Astrag. 40. pl. 31. 1800.

Astragalus adsurgens robustior Hook. F\. Bor. Am..1: 149. 1830.

Astragalus nitidus Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.

Astragalus striatus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr FJ. 1: 330. 1838.

Type Locatity: “In regionem Trans-Baicalensibus, frequens ad Selengum, Ononem
circa Tarei-noor et usque in Mongoliae desertum.”

RanGE: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Oregon and Kansas. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silver Lake, Henderson 2359.

22. Phaca agrestis (Dougl.).

Astragalus agrestis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 148. 1830. as synonym.

Astragalus hypoglottis of American authors. ;

Type Locauity: “On the fertile plains of the Red River, and in the south, towards
Pembina.”

Rance: Alaska to Hudson Bay, Nebraska, and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ophir, Elmer 422; Ellensburg, Whited 457; Coulee City, Piper
3872; Spillman, May, 1896; Sprague, Henderson 2361; Sandberg & Leiberg 137; Spokane
County, Mrs. Susan Tucker, in 1892; Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Crab Creek, Suksdorf
286; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 344; Okanogan, Griffiths & Cotton 265.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

23. Phaca reventa (A. Gray).

Astragalus reventus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 15: 46. 1879.

Type Loca.ity: “Interior of Oregon.’’ Collected by Lyall.

Rance: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson in 1892; Mrs. Steinweg; Tampico, Hen-
derson in 1892; Klickitat County, J. Howell, in 1878 and 1882; Cleman Mountain, Hender-
son; Bishops, Piper 2887; Wawawai, Elmer 795, 3059; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull
688; without locality, Vasey, in 1889. —

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

«arenes panna teat

~~ aodeeeith a _ ea J

hana) and CbAcane =<! 3

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 373

23a. Phaca reventa canbyi (Jones).
Asiragalus reventus canbyi Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 8: 11. 1898.
Tyre Locaity: “ Yakima Region,’”’ Washington. Collected by Brandegee.
Rance: Central Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Brandegee 36.

24. Phaca hoodiana (Howell).
Astragalus hoodianus Howell, Erythea 1: 111. 1893.
Astragalus conjunctus oxrytropidoides Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. 11. 5: 665. 1895.
Type Looa.ity: “Hood River to a point a few miles east of The Dalles,’’ Oregon.
Rance: Klickitat County, Washington, and adjacent Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains east of Lyle, Suksdorf 2589; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2588.

- 25. Phaca conjuncta (S. Wats.).

Astragalus conjunctus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 371. 1882.

Type Locaity: “John Day Valley” and “Baker County,’ Oregon. Collected by
Howell and by Cusick.

Rance: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1041; Ellensburg, Brandegee 724; Piper 2716;
Whited 618; White Salmon, Suksdorf 266; eae locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

26. Phaca misera (Dougl.).

Astragalus miser Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 153. 1830. _

Astragalus microcystis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 220. 1865.

Type Locatity: “On low hills of the Spokane River, sixty miles from its confluence
with the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: North Idaho and adjacent Washington and British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall; Old Fort Colville, Watson 90; Box Canyon,
Kreager 396.

ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

27. Phaca convallaria (Greene).

Astragalus convallarius Greene, Erythea 1: 207. 1893.

Astragalus campestris A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 229. 1865, not L. 1753.

Homalobus campestris Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 351. 1838.

Type Locauity: “Sandy plains of the Colorado of the West, near the sources of the
Platte.”

RanGE: Washington to Montana and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, July, 1893; Wenache,
Whited 5, 211; Ophir, Elmer 528; Connsntliy: Whited 1309; Methow River, Whited, ily
14, 1896; Rowver Creek, Whited 28; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 163; without locality,
Vasey, in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

28. Phaca decumbens (Nutt.).

Astragalus decumbens (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 229. 1865.

Homalobus decumbens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 352. 1838.

Type Locauity: ‘Sandy plains of the Colorado of the West, near the sources of the
Platte.’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860;
near Spokane and Columbia Rivers, Geyer 475.

374 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
29. Phaca serotina (A. Gray). ;

Astragalus serotinus A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 127: 51. 1860. ‘

Tyre Locauity: “On the Okanogan, near the Columbia River,” Washington. Collected
by Cooper.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “On the Okanogan, near the Columbia River, Lat. 48°, Oct.

Cooper”; Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 733; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 473, 163;

Conconully, Whiied 1309; without locality, Vasey 273; Loomis, (rifiths & Cotion 343.
ZoNAL pistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

30. Phaca viridis (Nutt.).
Astragalus viridis (Nutt.) Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Stud. 15: 118. 1894.
Kentrophyta viridis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 353. 1838.
Kentrophyta montana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 353. 1838.
Astragalus kentrophyta A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 60. 1862.
Type Locauity: “Hills of the Platte.’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: South Dakota to New Mexico, Washington, and British America.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 734.

ASTRAGALUS LANOocARPUS Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 144. 1894, was based on a
plant collected by Joseph Howell in 1878 at Klickitat Prairie, Washington. We have not
seen this species. It is a close ally of A. purshii, from which it is said to be distinguished
by having narrow leaflets and stiff-hairy pods.

VICIA. Vercu.

-

Flowers in spikes or racemes on axillary peduncles.
Annuals; peduncles few-flowered ; flowers very small, bluish-

WDMES voce cree cicness 8 cars sc cae ee eee Stee ee ees as 4. V. hirsuta.
Perennials; peduncles mostly many-fiowered.
Flowers ochroleucous or tawny... ...-.....---------- 3. V. gigantea.
Flowers violet or bluish-purple, rarely white.
Raceme 1-sided, densely 15 to 40-flowered...... 1. V. eracca.
Raceme loosely 5 to 20-flowered; leaflets ovate to
Obllotig, acutiall.<5 ices ccaledaus eoewacs sane Be Ve CMerCang,
Leohels troncatésc. {sco sces acters seas 2a. V. americana truncata.
Npitiote lineal. 2.25 210-8 So Sent cswics once sae 2a. V. americana linearis. —
Flowers axillary, solitary or in twos, nearly sessile.
Leaflets oblong to ovate; pods brown.......----------- 5. V. sativa.
Leaflets linear or linear-oblong; pods black -.......-- -- - 6.V. angustifolia.

1. Vicia cracca L. Sp. Pl. 2: 735. 1753.
Type Loca.ity: Europe.
Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, New Jersey, and Kansas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 965; Gardner 418.

2. Vicia americana Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. 1801.

Vicia oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 270. 1838.

Vicia sparsifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 270. 1838.

Type vocauity: “Habitat in Pennsylvania.”

Rance: British Columbia to New York and southward to Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3951; Clallam County, Elmer 2534; Mason
County, Kincaid; Olympia, Kincaid; Tacoma, Fett 897; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
2014, 2122; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Wenache, Whited 150, 1266, 1080; Ellensburg,
Whited; Cold Creek, Cotton 399; Sunnyside, Cotton 372; Little Spokane River, Kreager
599; Crab and Wilson Creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 308; Almota, Piper 1486; Tukanon
River, Lake & Hull 437; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 339. ‘

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. ;

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 375

2a. Vicia americana truncata (Nutt.) Brewer in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 158. 1876.
Vicia truncata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 270. 1838.
Type Locauity: “Plains of the Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to California. of
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Wenache, Whited 1080; atiout locality, Vasey
in 1889.

2b. Vicia americana linearis (Nutt.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 134. 1876.
Lathyrus linearis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 276. 1838.
Type Loca.ity: “Plains of the Platte.”
Rance: Washington to California and Wyoming.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns, May 20, 1889; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2013, 2111; Waitsburg, Horner 97.

~ 3. Vicia gigantea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 157. 1830.

Vicia sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 129. 1832.

TypE Locatity: ‘Open woods on the Columbia.’”’ Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.

Rance: Sitka to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3849; Clallam County, H/mer 2530; Olympia,
Henderson, May, 1892; Fairhaven, Suksdorf 964; Tacoma, Flett 36; Cascades, Suksdorf
534.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Vicia hirsuta (L.) Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. 191. 1837.

Ervum hirsutum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 738. 1753.

Vicia mitchelli Raf. Prec. Decouv. 37. 1814.

Type LocaLiry: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Leckenby, June, 1898; Flett 2225; Alki Point, Piper in
1889.

5. Vicia sativa L. Sp. Pl. 2: 736. 1753. COMMON VETCH.
TypPE LocaLity: European. ,
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2533; Whidby Island, Gardner 75; Cas-
cades, Suksdorf 535.

6. Vicia angustifolia Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 310. 1788.

Vicia sativa angustifolia Ser. in DG. Prod. 2: 361. 1825.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in campis sterilissimis, inter segetes arenosas totius fere Ger-
maniae.”’

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Fett 214.

LATHYRWUS. Pra.

Herbege dopnely suky-VilOUs<cs0-5.2 so. Se ee cirecse ciao 1. L. littoralis.
Herbage glabrous, or if pubescent not villous.
Plants erect; tendrils wanting or much reduced.
BIOWerS SONUAIG.. = Vics ccc eee pk snseces ee shee 2. L. torreyi.
Flowers 2 or more to each raceme.
Corolla white; leaflets usually 3 pairs, oblong or
GV AU ons ried e tse ge 5 oe eee 3. L. obovatus.
Corolla purple.
Stems tall; leaflets 4 to 7 pairs.
Leaflets oblong to ovate, pubescent

Denedth sehr eo ec eee ~ i. 4. D. nuttalli.
Leaflets lanceolate, pubescent on both
sides. ...- Sy hee Bs eee oe as 5. L. oregonensis.

Stems low; leaflets 1 or 2 pairs.

376 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Leaflets elliptic to obovate........... 6. L. bijugatus.
Leaflets linear to lanceolate... ....-- Ga. L. bijugatus sandbergii.
Plants climbing by simple or 3-forked tendrils.
SHOINS WINDOUS 2. oo= sn scenes eareccs .oeccarss 7. L. paluster.
Stems wingless.
Flowers yellowish becoming tawny............ 8. L. sulphureus.
Flowers blue-purple.
Leaflets very thin, 5 to 8 pairs. .........- 9. L. polyphyllus.

Leaflets firm, 3 to 6 pairs.
Peduncles not exceeding the leaves;
leaflets not cuspidate.
Leaflets ovate-oblong, glabrous... 10. L. maritimus.
Leaflets linear-lanceolate or ellip-
tic, pubescent... .....:.....:- 11. L. coriaceus.
Peduncles exceeding the leaves; leaf-
lets cuspidate. .
Leaflets oblong or elliptic........ 12. L. pauciflorus.
Leaflets linear or lanceolate... .. - 12a. L. pauciflorus tenuior.

1. Lathyrus littoralis (Nutt.) Endl.; Walp. Repert. 1: 722. 1842.

Astrophia littoralis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 278. 1838.

Orobus littoralis A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 54. 1859.

Type Locauity: “Sand hills near the estuary of the Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: On the seacoast of Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Laidlaw, Lamb 1119; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Whidby Island,
Gardner 82; Ocosta, Henderson, June, 1892; without locality, Wilkes Expedition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Lathyrus torreyi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 337. 1868.

Lathyrus torreyi tenellus Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 135. 1899.

Tyre Locatity: Mendocino or south part of Humboldt County, California.

RanGeE: Washington to California west of the Cascades.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett, June, 1897, 180; Steilacoom, Cooper; Puyallup,
Piper 3826; La Camas, Henerson, May 30, 1889; Manor, Piper 3075.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Lathyrus obovatus (Torr.) White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 455. 1894.
Lathyrus venosus obovatus Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 77. 1857.
Lathyrus nevadensis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 133. 1876.
Type Locauitry: ‘Mammoth Grove and Duffield’s Ranch, California.”
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 93.

3a. Lathyrus obovatus stipulaceus White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 455. 1894.

_ Type Loca.ity: Colville to Spokane, Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition.
Rance: British Columbia and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861.

4. Lathyrus nuttallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 450. 1886.

Type Locauity: “Upper California.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 2349; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Cascade Mountains, Henderson 2346; Admiralty Head, Piper; Seattle,
Hindshaw; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 297; Klickitat County, Henderson, June 1,
1884; Klickitat River, Fleit 1261; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 354; Lake Wenache, Sandberg

’

ih 0° TITY Se mee Ee tg

fe
.

Ee —

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 377

& Leiberg 634; Clealum, Whited 364, 365; without locality, Vasey in 1889; La Camas,
Gorman, June, 1884.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

The L. myrtifolius Muhl. of Suksdorf’s list is based on a specimen that we do not hesitate
to refer to L. nuttallii.

5. Lathyrus oregonensis White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 456. 1894.
Type Locatiry: Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 536.

6. Lathyrus bijugatus White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 457. 1894.

Typ Locatity: Latah County, Idaho. Collected by Sandberg.

Rance: Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Sukedorf 1824; Spokane, Wilkes Expedition
572; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 24; Pullman, Elmer 214. —

Zomat, DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

6a. Lathyrus bijugatus sandbergii White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 457. 1894.

Lathyrus sandbergii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1:160. 1898.

Type Locatity: Latah County, Idaho.

Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Elmer 830; Piper 1488,
and June, 1894.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Lathyrus paluster L. Sp. Pl. 2: 733. 1753.

Lathyrus occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:276: 1838, as synonym.

Type Loca.ity: Europe.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and New York. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; latitude 49° boundary, Lyall in
1858-59; Whidby Island, Gardner 91; Seattle, Piper 726; Smith; Yakima River, Hen-
derson 2347; Everett, Piper 4916.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

8. Lathyrus sulphureus Brewer; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 399. 1868.

Tyre Locauity: “In woods along foot hills of Sierra Nevada,” California. Collected
by Brewer.

Rance: Washington to California west of the Cascades and Sierras.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 482; Olympia, Henderson 2348; Loomis, Grif-
fiths & Cotton 337.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This species seems too close to L. ochroleucus Hook.

9. Lathyrus polyphyllus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. - 274. 1838.

Type Locauity: ‘Forests of the Oregon to the sea.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

RanaeE: British Columbia to north California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Ulmer 2535; Seattle, Piper 481; Tacoma, Flett,
May, 1895; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2021.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

10. Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. 268. 1824.

Pisum maritimum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 727. 1753.

Type LocaLity: Europe.

RANGE: Seacoasts, Labrador to New Jersey, and Alaska to Oregon; shores of the Great
Lakes.

t

378 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: South Arbor, Lamb 1112; Fairhaven, Piper, July 2, 1897; Coupe-
ville, Gardner 87; Port Ludlow, Binns, September 15, 1890; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858;
Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 1823; Everett, Piper, July 9, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer 2528.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

11. Lathyrus coriaceus White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 452. 1894.

TYPE LOcALITy: Wasatch Mountains, Utah.

RanGeE: Washington to Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, 0. Piper; Wenache, Whited 148; Ellensburg, Piper 2720;
Whited, July 9, 1897; Toppenish and Tampico, Henderson 2345; Toppenish, Henderson in

1892; North Yakima, Leckenby; base Mount Adams, Flett 1260, 1260a; Klickitat River,

Henderson 2344; Wenache, Griffiths & Cotton 147; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 106; Clealum
Lake, Cotton 843; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1208.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

12. Lathyrus pauciflorus Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 19: 335. 1894.

Lathyrus parvifolius 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 345. 1882, not Roth. 1797.

Lathyrus shaffneri Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 258. 1900.

Tyre Loca.ity: Roseburg, Oregon.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nisqually Valley, Allen 132; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf in
1886; Ellensburg, Piper 2679; Wenache Region, Brandegee 735; Wenache, Whited 1106;
Waitsburg, Horner 96; Wawawai, Piper, June 13, 1896; Lake & Hull, June 4, 1892;
Almota, Piper 2797 and May 27, 1893.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

Suksdorf’s specimens were distributed and later pis as L. polymorphus Nutt., a species

that does not reach our borders.

12a. Lathyrus pauciflorus tenuior Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 108. 1901.

Type Locatity: Near Almota, Washington.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 23, 1886; Wenache,
Whited 127, 150, 2, 1107; Waitsburg, Horner 95; Almota, Elmer 52; Union Flat, Piper
2733; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 86; Wenache Mountains,
Griffiths & Cotton 129.

ZONAL bisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

Laruyrus veNosus Muhl. Suksdorf lists this species, but we can discover no good
evidence that it occurs in the State.

GERANIACEAE. Geranium Famity.

Leaves palmate, variously cleft or divided.................-.----- GERANIUM (p. 378).
Leaves pinnately compound (in ours)...........-.-.-.----------- Eroprium (p. 380).
GERANIUM.
Porenniaia: SOwens tateers s o.ooc cccc os doaxaahtece terse ence ce’ oe 1. G. viscosissimum.
Annuals; flowers small.
Seeds reticulate or pitted.
‘Flowers deep purple; seeds pitted .......7.......-.-.----- 4.@. dissectum.
Ps Flowers pale purple; seeds reticulately ri-ge '.
Peduncles short; inflorescence compact .......-------- 2. G. carolinianum.
Peduncles long; inflorescence loose .......-.--.-.----- 8. G. bicknellii.
Seeds smooth or nearly so.
Carpels wanéepbut, not rugose: . 2. .o2< foes pages can cs oan 5. G. pusillum.
Carpels miaheeun, ruroee. c.ii5 acct coscaeete nia sncaseses 6. G. molle.

ma tl tol ttt eit

Se

‘PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. —— 379

1. Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 11: pas 18.
1846.

Geranium albiflorum incisum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 206. 1838.

Geranium incisum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 206. 1838, as synonym, not Andrews, Bot.
Rep. 1: pl. 67. 1797.

Type Locauiry: “Hab. in America septentrionalis occidentali.”’

Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 106; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860;
Spokane, Suksdorf 262; Pullman, Hull 451; Piper 1646; Blue Mountains, Piper 2399;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 467; Tieton River, Cotton 457; Clarks Springs, Kreager 25;
Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 409; Squaw
Creek, Cotton 881; Easton, Piper.

ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. :

Besides the typical form there are two others, one slender and canescent represented by
Cotton’s 881 from Squaw Creek, the other densely short-pubescent represented by Whited,
Wenache, June, 1896; North Yakima, Leckenby, May 12, 1898, and Toppenish, Henderson,
May 28, 1892. The latter especially seems to be a good subspecies of Upper Sonoran
habitat.

2. Geranium carolinianum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 682. 1753.

TypPE Loca.ity: Carolina.

Rance: Throughout the United States and in Canada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Beaver Creek, Whited 25, 66; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2027; Marshall
Junction, Piper 2260; Almota, Piper 1828; Wawawai, Piper 1813; without locality, Vasey
in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 132; Loon Lake, Beattie & Chapman 2098.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

8. Geranium bicknellii Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 92. 1897.

Geranium carolinianum longipes S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 50. 1871, not Geranium
longipes DC. 1822. -

Geranium nemorale Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monats. 16: 222. 1898.

Type Loca.ity: “Nova Scotia? Maine to western Ontario and southern New York.”

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Colorado, and New
York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 41, 591; Vancouver, J. Howell 422; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 2028; Fort Colville to Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Ophir, Elmer
527; Spokane, Dewart, June 5, 1901; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Lake & Hull,
Filly 4, 1892; Ione, Kreager 406; Ciplines County, Elmer 2726; i Horn, Paver 5003.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: M@ransition.

4. Geranium dissectum L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 282. 1759.
Type Locauity: “ Habitat in’ Europa australiore.”’
RaNnGE: Vancouver Island to California; introduced from Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Union, Suksdorf 1993; Tacoma, Flett 50.

5. Geranium pusillum Burm. f. Spec. Bot. Ger. 27. 1759.

Type LocALity: Not ascertained.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 40; Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 81; Van-
couver, J. Linell 21; Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895; Stuart Island, Lawrence, 176, 180.

6. Geranium molle L. Sp. Pl. 2: 682. 1753.
Type Locauity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stuart Island, Lawrence 55.

380 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ERODIUM.
1. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her.; Ait. Hort. Kew 2: 414. 1789. ALFILARIA.

Geranium cicutarium L. Sp. Pl. 2: 680. 1753.

Tyre vocauity: “Habitat in Europae sterilibus cultis.”’

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 337; Spokane, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894; Hull 452; Clarks
Springs, Kreager 103, 573; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1389.

This plant has been common in western Washington for at least thirty years.

OXALIDACEAE.
OXALIS.
Caulescont: flower yellow. ..ccco.s5tsistisnes seigcse endear seri ccesses 1. O. pumila.
Acaulescent; flowers white.
Scapes I-flowered; capsule ovoid... -25-.5..222 205. fess dha eee 2. O. oregana.
Scapes several-flowered; capsule linear .............-.-.--------- 3. O. trilliifolia.

1. Oxalis pumila Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 212. 183s.
Ozalis suksdorfii Trelease, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 4: 89. 1888.
Type Locauity: “Forests of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon.”
Rance: Washington to middle California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Five miles north of Vancouver, Piper 4939.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.
Nuttall’s statement that this occurs in the Recky Mountains is surely an error.

2. Oxalis oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 211. 1838.

Type Locauity: “Shady woods of the Oregon in moist places.’”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Henderson, June, 1892; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid,
May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 84; Piper : 2097; Tacoma, Flett 98; Cape Horn,
Suksdorf 2451; Ilwaco, Piper 4959.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

3. Oxalis trilliifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 118. 1830.

Tyre tocautry: “North-West America, on the summits of the high mountains near the
Grand Rapids of the river Columbia; and also in the vallies of the Rocky Mountains.”
Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 85; Longmire Springs, Piper 2096;
Puyallup, Flett, August, 1897; Larm River, Suksdorf 106.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

As this species is known only west of the Cascade Mountains, the latter part of Douglas’s
type locality is doubtless an error. ;

LINACEAE. Fuax Famity.

LINUM.
Flowers large, blue.
Annual; stigmas as long as the styles. - b eclwvcdswelcectcnds a Ae) De Cat eRINoOM
eteniial: shania Su0tts o82 2352. <2cttssae easae esas nee 2. L. lewisir.
Wiswerd.amall, fouows annual. 20222 9.553 ase ese bade Sioe ose 3. L. digynum.
1. Linum usitatissimum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 277. 1753. CoMMON FLAX.

Type LocaLity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July, 1895; Meyers Falls, Kreager 476.

——

;
ae eae Pee er ee ey

nel:

ey EEE

a a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 381

2. Linum lewisii Pursh, Fl. 1: 210. 1814.

Linum lyallanum Alefeld, Bot. Zeit. 25: 251. 1867.

phic Locauity: ‘In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains and on the banks oF the Mis-
souri.”’ Collected by Lewis.

Ranee: Washington to Hudson Bay, southward to Texas and California.
_ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Valley, Lyall in 1860; Ellensburg, Whited 428, 685;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 424; near Leavenworth, Whited, August, 1896; Pasco,
Hindshaw 47; Wenas River, Henderson, June, 1892; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 198;
Parrots, Lake & Hull, August 5, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1648; Hull 760; Elmer 814.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

This species was formerly confused with L. perenne L.

3. Linum digynum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 334. 1868.
Type Locaity: “Mariposa Trail, Yosemite Valley,” California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Suksdorf 261; Pullman, Piper 1803.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

EUPHORBIACEAE. Eurpuorsia FaAmMIty.

Flowers wivoncrate: capsule S-celled:. ....52. ec se ses be ese denen se ess EupHorsia.
Flowers not involucrate; capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded _............--.-.--.--- PISCARIA.
EUPHORBIA.

Glands of the involucre bearing petal-like appendages; plants prostrate or
nearly so.

= _derbage pubescent; seeds black: .35..¢. i-. 265 s5agn senens oe 3. EH. maculata.
Herbage glabrous; seeds gray. :
Seeds with sharp transverse ridges...............---- eee 1. E. glyptosperma.
Seads pitted and: wrinkled sO so 625i Se sce ncneaees 2. E. serpyllifolia.
Glands of the involucre not bearing petal-like appendages; stems erect.
Leaves filiform, very numerous; seeds smooth.......-.-.-.---- 5. FE. cyparissias.
Leaves not filiform nor very numerous; seeds not smooth.
Seeds pitted; leaves entire, oblong or obovate. ....-..----- 4. EF. peplus.
Seeds reticulated; leaves serrulate, spatulate.............-- 6. EF. arkansana.

1. Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 187. 1859.

Euphorbia polygonifolia L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 140.

Type Locauity: “Canada (Pursh) to Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchewan. Drum-
mond. On Menzies Island and at the Grand Rapids of the Columbia. Douglas.’’

Rance: British Columbia to Canada, south to California, Texas, and Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, Lyall, June, 1860; White Salmon, Suksdorf
489; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 641; Wenache, Whited 197, 1154; North Yakima,
Watt, August, 1895; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 472; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 642;
Almota, Piper 1816; Wawawai, Piper 1893, August, 1994: Meyers oe Kreager, Racact
21, 1902; Marcus, Resuier 461.

Towa DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 14. 1807.

Type Locauity: ‘“ Hab. in Amer. calidiore.”’

Rance: Washington to Wisconsin, south to Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 25; Loomis, Elmer 602; Pullman, Piper 1543;
Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

382 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2a. Euphorbia serpyllifolia consanguinea Boiss. in DC. Prod. 152: 43. 1862.

Type Locatiry: Ad lacum Winnipeg (Bourgeau), in valle Missouri superioris (Neuwied),
territ. Nebraska (Hayden), Novo Mexico (Wright, Fendler), Kansas et Texas (ex Engelm.)
California (Engelm.).

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, Texas, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 210.

3. Euphorbia maculata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 455. 1753.
Tyre vocatity: “ Habitat in America septentrionali.”’
Rance: Most of temperate North America.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Meyers Falls, Kreager, August 25, 1902.

4. Euphorbia peplus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 456. 1753.
Tyre Locauity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: East Seattle, Hindshaw, June, 1897.

5. Euphorbia cyparissias L. Sp. Pl. 1: 461. 1753.
Tyree Locauity: “Habitat in Misnia, Bohemia, Helvetia, G. Narbonensi.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, June, 1897.

6. Euphorbia arkansana missouriensis Norton, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 11: 103. 1900.
Tyre Locauiry: Randolph, Missouri.
Rance: Washington to Minnesota, Kansas, and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 1072; Almota, Lake & Hull 641;
Wawawai, Elmer 758.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

EupnorBia PLATYPHYLLA L. This European species was reported by Hooker 4 from the
“plains of the Columbia River,’’ collected by Douglas, but there is no recent evidence of
such occurrence.

PISCARIA.

1. Piscaria setigera (Hook.)

Eremocarpus setigerus Benth. Bot. Sulph. 53. pl. 26. 1844.

Croton ? setigerus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 141. 1838.

Tyre vocauity: “ Plentiful on Menzies’ Island, and on sandy banks of the Columbia
upwards.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Piper, September, 1903; Granddalles, Westgate 927.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

As pointed out by Coville, 6 Eremocarpus was first used for a genus of Hypericaceae by
Reichenbach in 1837, and is therefore not available for our plant. The new name is given
in allusion to the use of the plant by the Indians to stupefy fish by throwing quantities of
it in the streams. It is rather strange that the plant should first have been found at the
extreme northern point of its range. :

CALLITRICHACEAE. Warer Srarwort FAMILy.

CALLITRICHE.
Leaves all submersed, linear, l-nerved.........-...-.-.---2-----+---+--- 1. C. palustris.
Floating leaves obovate-spatulate, 3-nerved. ae
Styles about as long as the fruit...........0.........-..--.--+.--- 2. C. verna. |
Styles twice as long as the fruit...............-...-..------.-.--- 3. @. bolanden.

a FI. Bor. Am. 2: 140. 1838. b Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 194. 1893.

8M yee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 383

1. Callitriche palustris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 969. 1753.

Callitriche, autumnalis L. F 1. Suec. ed. 2. 2. 1755.

Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Europae fossis paludibus.”

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon, Colorado, and Canada. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Henderson 1862; mouth of the Columbia,
Scouler.

2. Callitriche verna L. Fl. Suec. ed. 2. 2. 1755.

Type Locauity: European.

Rance: Temperate regions of America, Europe, and Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1012; North Yakima, Piper 1797; Mount
Rainier, Allen 185; Pullman, Piper, July 28, 1899.

3. Callitriche bolanderi Hegelm. Verh. Bot. Verein Brandenb. 10: 116. 1868.

Type Locatiry: Auburn, California.

Rance: Vancouver Island to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2779; Lake Cushman, Piper 2236;
Seattle, Piper, July 12, 1895; Usk, Kreager 352; Tacoma, Flett 2262.

EMPETRACEAE. Crowserry IAminy.
EMPETRUM.

1. Empetrum nigrum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1022. 1753. CROWBERRY.
Type Locauity: Kuropean.
Rance: Arctic regions southward to Maine, Michigan, and Washington. Europe. Asia
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2051; Smith 1100; Copalis, Conard 409.

LIMNANTHACEAE. Bucksean Faminy.
FLOERKEA.

1. Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin 3: 449.
1801.
Floerkea occidentalis Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 268. 1900.
Type Locauity: “In Pennsylvanien.”
Rance: Washington to Ontario southward to California, Utah, and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Klickitat River, Flett 1018;
without locality, Wilkes Expedition.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

ANACARDIACEAE. Casuew Faminy.
RHUS.

Bruit. red, pubescent; leaflets 11 to 31. .....--.. 2... eneadgiec es ---0- 1. R. glabra.

Fruit white, glabrous; leaflets 3. :
Leaflets mostly subentire, the lateral ones petioled............- 2. R. toxicodendron.
Leaflets mostly crenate, the lateral ones sessile... ........----- 3. R. diversiloba.

1. Rhus glabra occidentalis Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 257. 1874. SuMAC.

Rhus occidentalis Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 86. 1905.

Tyre Locauitry: “ Banks of rivers, near Fort Okanagan and Fort Vancouver; also on
the Kooskooskee.”

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Wenache, Whited £6; Columbus, Suksdorf 2454; Morgans
Ferry, Suksdorf 265; Columbia River, Lyall in 1860; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 42°;
Almota, Lake & Hull 448; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 448; Elmer 872 ; Piper 1654; Waitsburg,

384 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Horner 393; without locality, Vasey 213; Clarks Springs, Kreager 121; Spokane, Kreager
552; Prosser, Cotton 622; Kiona, Cotton 729.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Rhus toxicodendron L. Sp. Pl. 1: 266. 1753. Porson Ivy.
Rhus rydbergii Small, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 268. 1900.
Type Locauitry: “Habitat in Virginia, Canada.”
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Arizona and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 241; Yakima, Leckenby, June, 1898; west

Klickitat County, Suksdorf 263; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Hangman Creek, Suksdorf .

264; Wawawai, Lake 447; Spokane, Kreager 538; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

The western plant seems never to climb trees or walls, but is a low, erect, or decumbent
shrub. Without better distinctions than this we see no reason for considering it a distinct
species, as has been done by Small.

Professor Greene, however, not only considers R. rydbergii Small as well founded, but
proposes three additional new species for Washington plants under the generic name
Toxicodendron,@ namely, 7’. hesperium, founded on Whited’s 241, 7’. lobadioides, and 7’.
coriaceum, the two latter founded on specimens collected by Suksdorf.

3. Rhus diversiloba Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 218. 1838. POISON OAK,

Rhus lobata Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 127. 1830, not Poir. 1804.

Type cocauitry: “Oregon.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California in the coast regions.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper in 1887; Union
City, Piper in 1900; Tacoma, Fett 141.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

“Ruvus aroMATica Ait. var.” Suksdorf thus lists a species of the occurrence of which
in Washington there is no direct evidence. Rhus trilobata occurs in southern Oregon, but
probably does not reach Washington.

CELASTRACEAE. Svrarrrree FaAmity.

Stamens 4 or 5, as many as the petals and sepals.

Deciduous shrub; flowers 5-merous ..............----------------- EvonyMvs.
overeroen sirub; ‘Howers.4-merous. .5. 2255222 200cses05 secur ices PACHISTIMA.
Stainens 105 floware p-mierouss.2 30: 5. ee ee cee FORSELLESIA.
EUONYMUS.

1. Euonymus occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 74. 1856.
Tyre Locauiry: “Oregon in dark woods.” Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seven miles east of Vancouver, Gorman in 1905.

PACHISTIMA.

1. Pachistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf. FI. Tellur. 42. 1838.

Ilex? myrsinites Pursh, Fl. 1: 119. 1814.

Myginda myrtifolia Nutt. Gen. 1:109. 1818. ‘

Oreophila myrtifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:259. 1838.

Type Looauity: “On ie Rocky Mountains and near the Pacific Ocean.” Collected
by Lewis. The exact spot in the Rocky Mountains is on the Lolo Trail near Hungry [Lolo]
Creek, North Idaho.

aGreene, Leaflets 1: 118-120. 1905.

oe
eae
———

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 385

Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Seattle, Piper, June, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 97; upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 106; along Twisp River, Whited 201; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg
742; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1335; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2452; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake &
Hull 761; Blue Mountains, Horner 428; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2752; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 286.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Transition.
FORSELLESIA.

1. Forsellesia spinescens (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 1: 206. 1893.
Glossopetalon spinescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 29. pl. 12. 1853.
Type Locatiry: “In a mountain ravine near Frontera, New Mexico.”
Rance: Washington to California and Texas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whitman County, Washington, near Lewiston, Hunter 46.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

ACERACEAE. Marte Famiry.
ACER. Mapte.

PUPWETS I TACOMIOS® LPUIU MSDE oar. ees sens Sie ak owe ee ole Moe Sei 1. A. macrophyllum.

Flowers in corymbs; fruit glabrous.
Leaves 3 to 5-lobed; fruit wings somewhat spreading -....._-.- 2. A. douglasii.
Leaves 7 to 9-lobed; fruit wings widely spreading -...-...-.-- - 3. A. circinatum.
1. Acer macrophyllum Pursh, Fl. 1: 267. 1814. OREGON MAPLE.
Type Locatity: “On the great rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia River.”’ Collected
by Lewis. :

Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 42; Nisqually Valley, Allen 114; Silverton, Bouck
39; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 501; Peshastin Canyon, Watson; Lake Chelan, Lake
& Hull 450; Bingen, Suksdorf 35; without locality, Vasey 225, 226; Clallam County,
Elmer 2836; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 219.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Acer douglasii Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 77. pl. 6. 1847.

Acer glabrum douglasii Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 114. 1901.

Type Locatity: ‘“ Near springs of the Rocky Mountains about the sources of the Colum-
bia.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Blue Mountains, Oregon, northeastward into west Montana and northwest-
ward to British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 449; Nisqually Valley, Allen 212;
Mount Rainier, Piper 52; Mount Adams, Henderson, July, 1892; Cleman Mountain,
* Henderson, June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1022; Tampico, Flett 1200; Hoods-
port, Piper 1017; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 156; Blue
Mountains, Piper, August, 1892; without locality, Vasey 229, 230; Davis ranch, Kreager
311; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 96.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

8. Acer circinatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 267. 1814. VINE MAPLE.

Type Locauity: “On the great rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia River.” Collected
by Lewis.

Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3859; Grays Harbor, Lamb 1034a; Ta-
coma, Flett 41; upper Nisqually Valley,*4llen 115; Silverton, Bouck 38; Yakima Pass,

29418—06 mM——25

386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, .

Watson 73; White Salmon, Suksdorf 261; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859;
Stehekin, Whited 1408; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 624; without locality, Vasey
227, 228; Clallam County, Elmer 2835; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 221.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

IMPATIENTACEAE. Batsam Faminy.
IMPATIENS. JeWeELWEED.

Fostetior sepal not epatied. ..2.< ..s% =. 2605 o254gacd eseceaeeiee ees ers 1. J. ecalcarata.
Posterior sepal spurred.
Corolla orange-yellow; saccate sepal longer than broad..........-... 2. 1. biflora.
Corolla pale-yellow; saccate sepal much longer than broad... .-- -- - 3. I. nolitangere.

1. Impatiens ecalcarata Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 85. 1905.
Type Locauity: Montana, “about half a mile east of Plains, Missoula County.”
Rance: Washington to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860.

2. Impatiens biflora Walt. Fl. Car. 219. 1788.

Impatiens fulva Nutt. Gen. 1: 146. 1818.

Impatiens aurella Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 34. 1901. Fi

Type vocatity: Carolina.

Rance: Washington to Newfoundland, south to Kansas and Mississippi.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892;
Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 453; Spokane, Piper 2384; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1837;
Meyers Falls, Kreager 472.

3. Impatiens nolitangere L. Sp. P1. 2: 938. 1753.

Tyre vocatity: “ Habitat in Europae, Canadae nemoribus.”

Rance: Alaska to Washington. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Deming, Fett
853; North Fork of Nooksack River, Suksdorf 960.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

This species is undoubtedly native, not introduced as indicated in the Synoptical Flora.

RHAMNACEAE. Buckrnorn FAmMIty.

Fruit a drupe; flowers solitary or umbelled............----.---.-.------- RHAMNUS.
Fruit a dry capeule; flowers paniculate. -...2<. 25.2 32-2 s a seec eres esees-- CEANOTHUS.
RHAMNUS.

Shrub; petals wanting; leaves nearly glabrous beneath. .....--.------- 1. R. alnifolia.
Tree; petals present; leaves downy beneath...........-.-.----------- 2. R. purshiana.

1. Rhamnus alnifolia L’Her. Sert. Angl. 5. 1788.
Type Locauity: “In America septentrionale.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Maine, southward to California, Wyoming, and New Jersey.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Marshall Junction, Piper 2250; near Spangle, Suksdorf 2453;
Box Canyon, Kreager 393.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

2. Rhamnus purshiana DC. Prod. 2: 25. 1825. CASCARA SAGRADA.
Rhamnus alnifolia Pursh, Fl. 1: 166.1814. Not L’Her.
Type Locauity. “On the banks of the Kooskooskee” [Clearwater], Idaho. The exact
spot where Lewis collected the type is Camp Chopunish, opposite Kamiah.
Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and Califomia.

—

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 387

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3885; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; upper
Nisqually Valley, Allen 126; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Lake
Chelan, Lake & Hull 445; Pullman, Piper 1871; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Wa-
wawai, Piper 3817, 3816; without locality, Vasey 215, 216; without locality, Cooper 1854;
Spokane, Kreager 554; Clallam County, Elmer 2661.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

CEANOTHUS.
Leaves opposite, dentate; procumbent shrub...........-.-.--------- 1. C. prostratus.
Leaves alternate; erect shrubs.
¢. mvergrepn- leaves varnished |: 2.4.25: ace2Se's36-252. e580 -e.5 eo, welts.
Deciduous; leaves serrate; flowers white._........-.-.-.------- 3. C. sanguineus.
Deciduous; leaves subentire; flowers usually blue..:.....-.----- 4. C. integerrimus.

1. Ceanothus prostratus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 302. 1848.

Type Locauity: “In montibus Sacramento,” California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 644, 343; Klickitat Valley, Howell,
May, 1878; Klickitat County, Brandegee 693.

2. Ceanothus velutinus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 125. 1830. Sticky LaureEt.

Type Locatity: ‘Subalpine hills near the source of the Columbia; and at the Kettle
Falls.’’ Collected by Douglas. The latter locality is in Stevens County, Washington.

Rance: Washington to California, Colorado, and Dakota.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1109; Cedar Mountains, Elmer 800;
Tacoma, Flett 173; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 962; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Whited
406; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 477; Kettle Falls, Douglas; Kamiak Butte, Sand-
berg, Heller & MacDougal 501; Columbia River, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey 221;
Box Canyon, Kreager 387; Clealum Lake, Cotton 859.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. .

The Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal specimen has been published as C. velutinus laevi-
gatus Torr. & Gr.,a but it is better referred to the species.

3. Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh, Fl. 1: 167. 1814. BuckBRUSH.

Ceanothus oreganus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 265. 1838.

Type Loca.ity: “ Rocky Mountains on the banks of the Missouri.’’ Collected by Lewis.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen 111;
Wenache Mountains, Whited, June 23, 1901 and 1233; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 107; Manor,
Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper, July 14, 1899; Trout Lake, Flett 1208; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 628; Kamiak Butte,
Piper, July 20, 1899; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July, 1892; Easton, Whited 403;
Clallam County, Elmer 2659, 2660.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

The actual type specimen of this species is probably the sheet from the Lambert Her-
barium, now in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. This is labeled ‘Ceanothus atro-
purpureus. Near the foot of the Rocky Mountains on Collins Creek, June 27, 1806.”’ Collins
Creek is in Idaho, now known as Lolo Creek.

4. Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 329. 1839-40.

Type Locaity: California. —

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 10; Dalles [on the Washington
side?] Lyall, Suckley; Bingen, Piper, September, 1903.

a Contr. Nat. Herb. 8: 218. 1895.

388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

According to Dr. E. L. Greenea the type of C. integerrimus proves to be the same as C.
andersonii Parry. On this account the name C. nevadensis Kellogg is taken up for the
Californian plant, while the Washington and northern Oregon plant is considered a distinct
species C. peduncularis Greene. .

MALVACEAE. Matuow Faminy.

Style branches filiform.
Stamens simply monadelphous; bractlets 3... ...- .. pic teat ase ipsa Matya.
Stamens united in two series; bractlets none.......................- SIDALCEA.
Style branches each tipped with a capitate stigma.

Ovules:1. to,3:i ene Gel, ascending |g ooo. 2 see costae scas: SPHAERALCEA,
Ovuled nolitary Demaanoue. lass ocr Ss essed Scare ecaia See Exes Sipa.
MALVA.
Leaves 5 to 9-lobed; carpels puberulent........................-.- 1. M. rotundifolia.
Cauline leaves dissected; carpels very hairy.................------- 2. M. moschata.
1. Malva rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 688. 1753. MALLow.

Type Locauiry: “Habitat in Europae ruderatis, viis, plateis.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Colfax, Hardwick, August,
1895; Meyers Falls, Kreager, August 28, 1902; Port Crescent, j ree 294.

2. Malva moschata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 690. 1753. Musk MALLOw.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Italia, Gallia.’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4030; Puyallup, Piper, September, 1895.

Marva BoreaAis Wallm. is included by Suksdorf in his list. We have seen no Wash-
ington specimens.

SIDALCEA.
Flowers réd; mature carpels smooth. .-.....-.-..--------4++-2--+4: 1. S. hendersonit.
Flowers pink; mature carpels rugose.
Calyx canescent; stems puberulent.-.........-...-.-.-.-----.-- 2. S. oregana.
Calyx pubescentt;-etems hirsute : 2... 62.5 ces kk che cece sees 3. S. campestris. °

1. Sidalcea hendersonii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 262. 1888.
Tyre Locauity: Clatsop Bay, Oregon. Collected by Henderson.
RanGE: Seacoast, Vancouver Island to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner, 58; Hoquiam, “Lamb 1218; near Evereits

Claypool, September, 1895; Seattle, Piper 723; Everett, Piper 4915.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Sidalcea oregana A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 20. 1848.

Sida oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 234. 1838. i

Tyre Looauity: “West side of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Idaho and Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2448; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf; July
20, 1886, and 2446; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2447, 2449; Klickitat River, Pett 1014;
Ellensburg, Whited 486; Tieton River, Cotton 458; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August, 1892:
Henderson 2433; Blue Mountains, near Waitsburg, Piper, 2396; Cow Creek, Griffiths &
Cotton 534.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

The plant listed by Suksdorf as “S. spicata Greene?’’ seems to be referable to S. oregana.

a Leaflets 1: 65. 1904. b Leaflets 1: 67. 1904.

=

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 389

3. Sidalcea campestris Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 76. 1885.

Sidalcea asplenifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 158. 1897.

Type Locatity: Oregon. Collected by Howell.

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Wenas River, Henderson,
June 17, 1892, 2436; between Wenache and Ellensburg, Whited, August 13, 1896; Peshas-
tin, Sandberg & Leiberg 586; Pullman, Piper 1644, 1645; Lake & Hull 428; Henderson 2434;
Union Flat, Hull 428; Medical Lake, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Seattle, Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

SPHAERALCEA.
Blowers scarlet; leaves canescent:: 2:2 22.2 a2. 222 -25.2452cc52ce-eee eee 1. S. munroana.
Flowers rose-red; leaves not canescent.
Calys lobes acute; pedicels: short... 20.3 c<ess2cseesecccec5ets 2. S. rivularis.
Calyx lobes long-acuminate; pedicels long.........-.-.-.------- 3. S. longisepala.

1. Sphaeralcea munroana (Dougl.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 3: 353. 1834.

Malva munroana Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1306. 1830.

Type Locatity: “Upon the barren plains of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.

Range: British Columbia to Nevada and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1120; Elmer 526; North Yakima, Piper 1819;
Watt, August, 1895; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; near Yakima Ri er, Suksdorf 259; Célusahin
River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 390; Prosser, Henderson, May,
1892; Pasco, Hindshaw 3; Piper 2991; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman,
May, 1896; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 759; junction Crab and Wilson Creek, Sandberg &
Leiberg 276; Coulee City, Piper 3846; Soap Lake, McKay 9; Washtucna, Elmer 1040; oppo-
site mouth Wenache, Watson, October 14, 1880.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Sphaeralcea rivularis (Dougl.) Torr. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 23. 1848.

Malva rivularis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 107. 1830.

Sphaeralcea acerifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 228. 1838.

Type Locauity: ‘Common on the banks in North-West America, from the ocean to the
Rocky Mountains.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Dakota and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 43° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount
Adams, Flett 1015; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Naches Valley, Henderson, June,
1892; Wenache, Whited 225; Meyers Falls, Kreager 600; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, 427;
Almota, Piper 1790; Wawawai, Piper 1643; Blue Mountains, Piper 2413; Lake & Hull
427; Guy, Elmer 42; Pullman, Piper, July 15, 1901.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

3. Sphaeralcea longisepala Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 255. 1874.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Upper Columbia, eesmesten Territory.’ Collected by the Wilkes
Expedition.

Rance: Kittitas and Chelan counties, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 430; Wenache Mountains,
Whited 1291; banks of Columbia near mouth of Wenache, Tweedy 918; Brandegee 692.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

SIDA.

1. Sida hederacea (Dougl.) Torr. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 23, 1848.
Malva hederacea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 107. 1830.
Malva plicata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 227. 1838.
Sida obliqua Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 233. 1838.

a

390 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type Locaity: “In the interior districts of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla, Douglas, according to Hooker.

It is not certain that this species really occurs in Washington limits, though the above
specimen was apparently collected by Douglas at old Fort Walla -Walla.

HYPERICACEAE. Sv. Jounsworr FAmIny.

HYPERICUM. Str. Jounsworr.

Plants low, forming dense mats.

Alpine; leaves crowded; flowers solitary. ........-.-.-.-....-- 2. H. bryophytum.
Not alpine; leaves not crowded; flowers often several...... 2... 1. H. anagalloides.
Plants erect, simple or nearly so.
Stamens 5 to 10; stems about 30 cm. high...............-...- 3. H. canadense.
Stamens numerous; stems tall.
Sepals acuminate; capsule not lobed. ..............-....-- 4. H. perforatum.
Sepals obtuse; capsule 3-lobed..........-.-.-.-.--------- 5. H. scouleri.

1. Hypericum anagalloides Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 127. 1828.

Type LocALITy: San Francisco, California.

RanGeE: British Columbia to California and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1885; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892;
Montesano, Heller 3916.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

la. Hypericum anagalloides nevadense Creene, Fl. Fran. 113. 1891.
Tyre Locauity: ‘ Foothills of the Sierra.”
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 2650.

2. Hypericum bryophytum E|mer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 60. 1903.
Tyre Locauity: Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Washington. Collected by
Elmer.
RancGE: Mountains of Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2833; Big Creek Prairie, Lamb 1399;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897;
Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 783; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 117; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 607; without locality, Vasey in 1889.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

3. Hypericum canadense majus A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 86. 1867.
Type Locauity: Lake Superior.
Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Texas and Georgia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green Lake, Piper 1115.

4. Hypericum perforatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 785. 1753.
Type LOcALITy: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Suksdorf; Piper, July 14, 1899.

5. Hypericum scouleri Hook. Fl]. Bor. Am. 1: 111. 1830.

Hypericum formosum scouleri Coult. Bot. Gaz. 11: 108. 1886.

Tyrer vocauity: “Abundant in dry gravelly soils and limestone rocks on the North-West
coast of America, near the Columbia.’’ Collected by Scouler and by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 120, 90; North Yakima, Wait, August, 1895;
Montesano, Heller 4037; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Columbia River, Lyall in

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 391

1860; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Letberg 361; Wenache, Whited 1253; Ellensburg, Whited

499; Tieton River, Cotton 454; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Seattle, Piper in. 1885; Mission,

Kreager 486; valley of Columbia below the Chelan, Watson, October 14, 1880; without

locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Elmer 880; Piper 1653; Hull 656; Tukanon River,

Lake & Hull, July, 1892; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 693; Clealum Lake, Cottén 853.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

ELATINACEAE. Warerwort Faminy.

Plante maptotie: lowers parts. 2 toe 2 Ae ce ease ee ee ata ELATINE.
Fiants' pubescent; flower parte 9u— 5.5... bon. votes cee tet eeee cout eane eee BErGIA.
ELATINE.

Flower parts 2 or 3; seeds nearly straight.........................-.- 1.E. triandra.
Flower parts 4; seeds strongly curved...........-.-.-.-------.------- 2. E. californica.

1. Elatine triandra Schkuhr, Handb. 1: 345. pl. 1096. f. 2. 1791.
TYPE LOCALITY: Germany.
Rance: Illinois, Nebraska, Wyoming, Washington. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Usk, Kreager 367.

2. Elatine californica A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 361, 364. 1878.

Type Locaity: ‘‘In Sierra Valley, on the Sierra Nevada, alt. 5000 feet,’’ California.
Collected by Lemmon.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 258; Spokane, Piper 2643.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

- BERGIA.

1. Bergia texana (Hook.) Seub.; Walp. Repert. 1: 285. 1842.

Merimea texana Hook. Ic. 3: pl. 278. 1840.

Elatine texana Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 678. 1840.

Type Locatity: Texas. Collected by Drummond.

Rance: Washington to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 959, 618; Almota, Piper,
September, 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

VIOLACEAE. Viover Faminy.

VIOLA. VIoLeEr.
Acaulescent. ;
Wowers spiel whites cc2> tsetse Jan: one ean vee oats 1. V. macloskeyi.
Flowers larger, violet.
Lateral petals bearded at base; rootstocks thick.
Plants not stoloniferous; stipules small.

Horbage glabrous: 6.2620) Osa SP cee eee eeee 2. V. nephrophylla.
Herbage hirsute or villous..............-.-...... 3. V. cuspidata.
Plants stoloniferous; stipules large... ... - tae eA Vilangsdorsat:
Lateral petals beardless; rootstocks long and sloudee Soe 5. V. palustris.

Caulescent,
Flowers yellow.
Stems prostrate, stolon-like; leaves evergreen.
Leaves cordate; leafy branches producing petaliferous
flowers sys} oe = Ae oe Sc Stas Ree S ee 6. V. sempervirens.

392 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Leaves reniform; leafy branches producing only cleisto-

PaBOUS HOWE <+ = Jc use dk coo we ocneas unk mess 7. V. orbiculata.

Stems erect, not stoloniferous; leaves not evergreen.

Leaves palmately dissected... ........-.-....0ssc000 11. V. sheltonia.

Leaves not dissected.
Herbage pubescent; leaves lanceolate to ovate, sub-

ONTO a hereto Sate Aen or rete en ad ee 8. V. nuttallii.

Herbage glabrous.

Leaves ovate, veined, sinuate-dentate or lobed... 9. V. venosa.
Leaves cordate or reniform, acuminate... .._-. 10. V. glabella.

Flowers blue or violet.

Leaves dissected into narrow lobes...............-.-.----- 12. V. trinervata.

Leaves cordate, not dissected.
Stipules scarious, entire.

Leaves cordate, acuminate....................... 13. V. canadensis.
Leaves reniform, obtuse................0....-...- 14. V. flettir.

Stipules herbaceous, at least some of them serrate or in-
cised.
Leaves usually brown-dotted, at least beneath;
stipules all serrate or laciniate. .

Herbage glabrous or nearly so.........-..--- 16. V. adunea.
Herbage pubescent, the pubescence retrorse... 17. V. retroscabra.
Leaves dotless; cauline stipules entire............. 15. V. howellit.

1. Viola macloskeyi Lloyd, Erythea 3:74. 1895.
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ In the Cascades, Oregon.”
RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Tacoma, Flett 108, 2222; Olympia, Henderson 2054.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

This species has commonly-been referred to V. blanda Willd., but it seems distinct,

2. Viola nephrophylla Greene, Pittonia 3: 144. 1896.
Viola cognata Greene, Pittonia 3: 145. 1896.
Viola subjuncta Greene, Pittonia 5: 31. 1902.
Type vocatity: ‘‘ Valley of the Cimarron River, western Colorado.”
Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Maine, south to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Columbus, Suksdorf, April
13, 1886; Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; North Yakima, Piper 1836; Henderson 2500;

Rock Lake, Piper 2798; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 56.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Viola cuspidata Greene, Pittonia 3: 314. 1898.
Type Locauiry: Rock County, Wisconsin.
Rance: Washington to Wisconsin.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.

4. Viola langsdorfii Fischer; DC. Prod. 1: 296. 1824.
Type cLocatity: ‘‘In insula Unalaschka.”’
Rance: Alaska to Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Crescent, Lawrence 273.

5. Viola palustris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 934. 1753.
Type Locauity: European.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Colorado and the White Mountains.

Asia.

Europe.

- pIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 393

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2794; Olympic Mountains, Piper,
August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 1017; Tacoma,
Flett 88; Nisqually Valley, Allen 57; Westport, Lamb 1097; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
July 12, 1886; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1878; Silverton, Bouck 25; Wenache Moun-
tains, Elmer 442; Mount Rainier, Flett 2178.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian.

6. Viola sempervirens Greene, Pittonia 4: 8. 1899.

Viola sarmentosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 80. 1830, not Bieb. 1808-1819.

Type Locauity: ‘‘Near Fort Vancouver and in the high grounds of Lewis and Clarks
River, N. W. America.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3888; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Silverton,
_ Bouck 25; Whidby Island, Piper, April, 1898; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 56; without
locality, Henderson, May, 1892; Walla Walla, Nuttall.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

7. Viola orbiculata Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 73. 1847.
Viola sarmentosa orbiculata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 199. 1895.
Type Locatity: Coeur d’Alene Mountains, Idaho. Collected by Geyer.
Ranae: Idaho and adjacent Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 60; Usk, Kreager 369.
ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

8. Viola nuttallii Pursh, FJ. 1: 174. 1814.

Viola linguaefolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 141. 1838.

Tyre Locaity: ‘‘On the banks of the Missouri.”’

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 248; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie;
without locality, Cooper; near Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane Valley, Lyall in
1861; Roy, Allen, May 6, 1889; Waterville, Whited 1216; Pullman, Hull 418; Spangle,
Suksdorf 248.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

A very variable species and possibly, as here eccepted, a complex of several. More field
study and abundant specimens are necessary to clear up this matter.

8a. Viola nuttallii praemorsa (Dougl.).

Viola praemorsa Doug]. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1254. 1829.

Type Locaity: ‘‘On the banks of the Columbia, and the plains of the River Aguilar,
in California.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 30; Tacoma, Flett 17.

8b. Viola nuttallii major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 79. 1830.

Viola glareosa Doug].; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.

Viola flavovirens Pollard, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 405. 1897.

Type Locatity: ‘‘Abundant under the shade of pines on the dry sandy plains of the
Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 58; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 47;
near Almota, Piper 1715; Ellensburg, Whited, April 18, 1897.

9. Viola venosa (S. Wats.).

Viola aurea venosa 8. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 56. 1876.

Viola nuttallii venosa S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 35. 1871.

Viola praemorsa venosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 200. 1895.

Type Locatity: ‘‘In the mountains from the West Humboldt to the Wahsatch, usually
near the snow line.”

394 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 648; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in
1878; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, May 9, 1886; Klickitat River, Flett 1063; Blue Mountains,
Piper 2432.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

10. Viola glabella Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 142. 1838.

Type Locatity: “Shady woods of the Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2796; Silverton, Bouck 27; Paradise Val-
ley, Flett 290; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 55; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 11, 1892;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 24, 1886; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1244; Colum-
bia woods, Nuttall; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality, Cooper; Mount Carl-
ton, Kreager 204, 253; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Ilwaco, Piper 4918.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian, rarely Transition.

11. Viola sheltoni Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 67 1856.
Tyre Locauity: Yuba, California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon Valley, Suksdorf 5.

12. Viola trinervata Howell; A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 11: 290. 1886.

Viola beckwithii trinervata Howell, Bot. Gaz. 8: 207. 1883.

Viola chrysantha glaberrima Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 238. 1874, not Viola hastata glaber-
rima Ging. 1824.

Tyre Locauity: Near Goldendale, Washington.

RanGeE: Central Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goldendale, Howell 59; Ellensburg, Whited 264; North Yakima,
Watt in 1892; Piper, April, 1903; Henderson, May 27, 1892; Kittitas Mountain, Whited 10:
Klickitat, Howell, April, 1882, 1878; North Yakima, Nevius, March, 1889; Simcoe Moun-
tains, Suksdorf 249; between Spipen and Columbia, Pickering & Brackenridge; Klickitat
River, Flett 1062; Waterville, Whited 1215; Coulee City, Piper 3865.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

13. Viola canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 936. 1753.
Viola geminiflora, Greene, Pittonia 5: 29. 1902.
Type Loca.iry: Canada.
Rance: Washington to Newfoundland, south to Arizona and Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 672.

14. Viola flettii Piper, Erythea 6: 69. 1898.

Type Locatity: Near Mount Constance, Olympic Mountains, Washington. Collected by
Flett.

Rance: Olympic Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 106, July 20, 1897, August, 1898; Hen-
derson 1847; Mount Elinor, Jennie V. Getty, August, 1902.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

15. Viola howellii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 308. 1887.

Viola subcordata Greene, Pittonia 3: 316. 1898.

Type Loca.ity: “Damp fir woods in the vicinity of Portland, Oregon.” Collected by
Howell.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 28, 29; Seattle, Piper 1020; Meany 237:
Tacoma, Fett 80, 107; Coupeville, Gardner 31; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892: Olympic
Mountains, Piper, August, 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

ae ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 395

16. Viola adunca Smith; Rees’ Cycl. 37: no. 63. 1817.

Viola longipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 140. 1838.

Viola canina adunca A. Gray; Proc. Am. Acad. 8:377. 1872.

Type Locatity: “From the west coast of North America.” Collected by Menzies.

Rance: Alaska to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2795; Orcas Island, Lyall 1861; Muckle-
shoot, Dr. Ruhn; Seattle, Smith, May 3, 1889; Mount Rainier, Piper. 2138 in part; Monte-
sano, Heller 3928; Westport, Lamb 1102; Rockland, Suksdorf, April 10, 1858; Klickitat
River, Flett 1061; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 522; Roy, Allen, May 3, 1889; White Bluff
Ferry, Lake & Hull, August 10, 1892; Yakima, Leckenby, April 22. 1898; Mrs. Steinweg;
Ellensburg, Whited 274, 346, 366; Badger Mountain, Whited 1217; Fort Colville, Lyall 1861;
Spangle, Suksdorf 246; without locality, Vasey 202; Rock Creek, Piper 2795; Spokane,
Piper, May 8, 1898, 2824; Sandberg & Leiberg 33; Pullman, Piper 1714, Elmer 123, Hull 417;
Waitsburg, Horner 55, 54.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Hudsonian.

A very variable species. The alpine forms especially are aberrant and perhaps consti-
tute a different species.

16a. Viola adunca oxyceras (S. Wats. )
Viola canina oxyceras S. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 56. 1876.
Type Locauity: “In the Sierra Nevada, in Yosemite Valley, and near Donner Pass.”
RanGE: Washington to California. \
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson 2501.

17. Viola retroscabra Greene, Pittonia 4: 290. 1901.

Type Locaity: Southern Colorado.

Rance: Washington and Montana to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper
2138 in part; Allen, July, 1892; Methow River, Whited 185; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 523;
Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 739.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

VioLta TRICOLOR L., the garden pansy occasionally occurs as an escape.

VIOLA HALLU Gray, listed by Suksdorf, probably does not grow within our limits.

LOASACEAE. Loasa Famitny.

MENTZELIA.

Biennials; flowers large; placentae with 2 rows of ovules, which are separated by horizontal
lamellae.
Petals 2.5 to 3 cm. long; capsule 1.5 cm. long ............-.--.--- 1. M. brandeger.
Petals G:to6 cin jong; Capsules: 310m: donee. sc. oc Sees ae 2. M. laevicaulis.
Annuals; flowers small; placentae each with a single row of ovules; no
horizontal lamellae.
Leaves pinnatifid; seeds tuberculate, the angles obtuse......--.-- - 3. M. albicaulis.
Leaves not pinnatifid; seeds not tuberculate.
Seeds nearly smooth with grooved angles; leaves ovate, entire
or sinuate-dentate. .......--- Silastic ocia auld woken oe 4. M. integrifolia.
Seeds sharply angled and pitted; leaves linear, entire -...-.-- . 5. M. tenerrima.

1. Mentzelia brandegei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 367. 1885.

Type Loca.ity: “Near the Simcoe Mountains on the mesa bordering Satus Creek.”
Washington. Collected by Brandegee.

Rance: Known only by the type collection.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 792.

396 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 535. 1840.

Bartonia laevicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 221. 1833.

?Bartonia parviflora Dougl. loc. cit.

Type vLoca.iry: “On the gravelly islands and rocky shores of the Columbia, near the
‘Great Falls;’ flowering in June and July.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1679; Wenache, Whited 24;
North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Parker, Cotton 433; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 439;
Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 378; Spokane, Piper, September, 1896, July, 1894; Loon
Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 312; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Almota, Piper, August, 1894; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 329; Prosser, Cotton 808; Moses Lake,
Cotton 611.

ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

3. Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 222. 1833.

Bartonia albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 222. 1833.

Tyre Locaity: “On arid sandy plains of the river Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California, Nebraska, and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1122; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Flett
1041; Ellensburg, Piper 2682; Simcoe Valley, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
“Barren grounds of the Columbia,” Douglas; Pasco, Hindshaw 7; Piper 2975; Ritzville,
Sandberg & Leiberg 160; Clarks Springs, Kreager 115; Moses Lake, Cotton 615.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran:

4. Mentzelia integrifolia (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 271. 1901.

Mentzelia albicaulis integrifolia 8S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 114. 1871.

Mentzelia dispersa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 137. 1876.

Tyre Locaity: East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada.

Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Wenache, Whited 1121; Tumwater
Canyon, Sandberg & Leiberg 519; Ellensburg, Elmer, July, 1897; Piper 2739; Spokane, Piper
1846; Leiberg 20; Marshall Junction, Piper 2252; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wawa-
wai, Lake & Hull 586; Wenas, Cotton 84.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

5. Mentzelia tenerrima Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 271. 1900.
Type Loca.ity: “Foot of Electric Peak,” Montana.
Rance: Washington to Montana.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1017.

CACTACEAE. Cacrus F amity.

Plants jointed, the segments flat; leaves subulate and deciduous ...........-.- OPUNTIA.
Flants.giobose or avoid, tubercled <2. 62.2255 scenes cave sles we ene srnaee ass Cactus.

OPUNTIA. Prickly PEAR.

Joints tumid, ovate, rarely 5 cm. long...............------- 2. O. fragilis.
Joints compressed, orbicular, or elliptic, 5 to 10 em. long.
PUREE OOOO TINE DEORO te. 85 250556 Cea ag wn Semis s Ls 1. O. polyacantha.
qonia se Wi DEORE oo ss hoo avo o's d dan aceacceese la. O. polyacantha borealis.

1. Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Suppl. Pl. Succ. 82. 1819.
Cactus ferox Nutt. Gen. 1: 296. 1818, not Willd. 1809.
Opuntia missouriensis DC. Prod. 3: 472. 1828.
Tyre Loca.ity: “In arid situations on the plains of the Missouri.”
Rance: British Columbia to North Dakota, south to Arizona and New Mexico.

*

ee ll

ed

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 397

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kennewick, Piper; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 314; Walla Walla to
Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Almota, Piper.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

la. Opuntia polyacantha borealis Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 436. 1896.
Opuntia missouriensis microsperma Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 46. 1856, not
O. mesacantha microsperma Engelm.
Type Loca.ity: ‘On the Missouri about Fort Pierre.”
Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and South Dakota.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner, July, 1897; Sucia Island, Randolph.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.-

2. Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Suppl. Pl. Succ. 82. 1819.

Cactus fragilis Nutt. Gen. 1: 296. 1818.

Type Locauity: “From the Mandans to the mountains, in sterile but moist situations,”
probably in North Dakota.

Rance: South Dakota to British Columbia and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Chelan County, Sandberg & Leiberg 444, July 13,
1893.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably Upper Sonoran.

CACTUS.
1. Cactus sp. indet.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton, July 14, 1903; Wenache Mountains, Cot-
ton 1570; Near Egbert Springs, according to Leiberg.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.
This species is quite certainly new, but can not be satisfactorily described at present.

ELEAGNACEAE. Oeaster FAMILY.
LEPARGYREA.

1. Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 122. 1890. BUFFALO BERRY.

Hippophae canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1024. 1753.

Shepherdia canadensis Nutt. Gen. 2: 240. 1818.

Tyre voca.ity: ‘ Habitat in Canada.”

Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to Oregon, Utah, and New York.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Piper 2806, September,
1892; Whidby Island, Gardner 264; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Semiamoo Bay,
ial in 1858-59; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2117; ars
Whited 1326; Griffiths & Cotton 316; Box Canyon, Kreager 400.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition aad Canadian.

In Gorman’s paper on the Washington Forest Reserve appears the name Lepargyrea
argentea. Mr. Gorman informs me, however, that the plant is really L. canadensis.

LYTHRACEAE. Loosresrrire FAMILY.

Ole < GUUS OV OriG, STIR 3 se Coons oan ese Secu eee ee LyTaruM.
Calyx tube campanulate. ;
Capsuls. burmiting tregitlariy: sv. 3.025253 vee bebe een ee a coe ee AMMANNIA.
Capsule népticidally dehisseat 2220). 00: see ob esp aoe cy cee ec Roraa.
LYTHRUM.

1. Lythrum hyssopifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 447. 1753.
Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Germaniae, Helvetiae, Angliae, Gallia inundatus.”’
Range: Maine to New Jersey. Washington to California. Introduced from Europe.

398 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Washington, Suksdorf 971; Seattle, Smith 100; Piper 1049,
July, 1895.

This was included in Suksdorf’s list as L. album H. B. K. The species has long been
established and appears native.

AMMANNIA.

1. Ammannia coccinea Rottb. Pl. Hort. Havn. Descr. 7. 1773.
Ammannia latifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 480. 1840.
Tyre Locauity: Not ascertained. =
Rance: Washington to Indiana and Florida. Central and South America.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1720.

ROTALA.

1. Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne; Mart. Fl. Bras. 137: 194. 1874.

Ammannia ramosior L. Sp. Pl. 1: 120. 1753.

Ammannia humilis Michx. Fl. 1: 99. 1803.

Type Locauity: Virginia.

Rance: Washington to Massachusetts, southward to Central and South America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Spokane County, Suks-
dorf 303; Spokane, Piper 2644; Almota, Piper, September, 1897.

ZoNAL pDisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

ONAGRACEAE. Evenine Primrose FAMILY.

Parts of the flower in twos; fruit indehiscent.. . ..- Rr steskest Circaka (p. 399).
Parts of flower in fours.
Fruit few-seeded, nut-like; leaves alternate..........-.-.. Gaura (p. 399).

Fruit many-seeded.
Calyx limb divided to the ovary, persistent, petals ,

MIDS OF WANE. oc ta so a ern ise e IsNARDIA (p. 399).
Calyx limb deciduous; petals conspicuous.
Seeds comose; lower leaves mostly opposite... . - - ErrLopium (p. 399).

Seeds naked, not comose; leaves all alternate.
Anthers versatile.
Stamens of equal length.
Stigmas deeply 4-cleft, the lobes
linear.
Ovules in 1 row; flowers yellow. OgNorHeERra (p. 407).
Ovules in 2 rows; flowers pink. ANoagra (p. 407).
Stigmas entire or nearly so.
Calyx-tube longer than the

ovary, flowers large......-.. Taraxta (p. 405).
Calyx-tube shorter than the
ovary; flowers small... .- --- SPHAEROSTIGMA (p. 405).

Stamens of unequal length, the outer
ones longest.
Annuals; small-flowered; caulescent. GavornyTuM (p. 407).
Biennials; large-flowered, acaules-

cent.
Capsule 4-angled; seeds grooved

OB. ONO BING.15¢ 5 ben8 e388 ss PacuyLopnus (p. 408).
Capsule 4-winged; seeds not
CrOOVED . > s-- 4 cc aero eese es Lavauxia (p. 409).

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 399

Anthers not versatile.
Petals sessile.
Calyx lobes reflexed; petals entire. ... Goprtia (p. 409).

Calyx lobes erect; petals 2-lobed.-- .- - BoispuvaLia (p. 410).
Petals clawed; calyx lobes reflexed........ CLarkta (p. 411).
CIRCAEA.
beaves-denticulate: racemes: ‘bractiess! 272...2.. -.!2-- seen e ete ee Secs 2. C. pacifica.
Leaves dentate; racemes with minute bracts....-...-.---.-----------.- 1. C. alpina.

1. Circaea alpina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 9. 1753.
Tyre Locatity: ‘‘ Habitat ad radices montium in frigidis Europae.”
Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Washington, Dakota, and Georgia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant 11; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid,
May 29, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 533; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper, September,
1902; Quinault, Conard 133.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

2. Circaea pacifica Aschers. & Magnus, Bot. Zeit. 29: 392. 1871.

Type Loca.ity: San Francisco, California.

Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 109; Silverton, Bouck; upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen 301; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 533; Peshastin, Sandberg .& Leiberg; Blue
Mountains, Piper 2409.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

\

GAURA.

1. Gaura parviflora Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 208. 1830; Lehm. Pug. 2: 15. 1830.
Type Locauity: ‘Sandy’ banks of the Wallawallah River.” Collected by Douglas,
according to Hooker.
Rance: Washington to Dakota, Louisiana, and Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Elmer 898; Piper, July, 1898, and 1629; without
locality, Brandegee 789; Prosser, Cotton 741.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

ISNARDIA.

1. Isnardia palustris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 120. 1753.

Ludwigia nitida Michx. Fl. 1: 87. 1803.

Ludwigia palustris Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 211. 1821.

Type Locatity: ‘Habitat in Galliae, Alsatiae, Russiae, Virginiae fluviis.”

Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Mexico, and Florida.
Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Brandegee 777; Clarke County. Henderson, Sep-
tember 6, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 585; Seattle, Piper in 1885.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

EPILOBIUM. WILLow HERB.

Calyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers large. Stems

1 to 2 m. tall; bracts small; style pubescent at base .......... 1. E. angustifolium.

Stems 15 to 50 cm. high; bracts leaf-like; style glabrous. .- -- - 2. E. latifolium.
Calyx teeth prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers mostly small.

Flowers pale yellow; stigmas 4-cleft ...........-.-.-...----- 3. E. luteum.

Flowers white or pink.
Annuals; leaves narrow; stigmas mostly 4-cleft.
Stems simple or but little branched, 8 to 20
cm. high; herbage crisp-puberulent................ 5. £. minutum.

On ee

HERBARIUM.

400 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL
Stems usually much branched, 30 to 90 cm.
high; herbage glabrous or glandular.
Flowers small, 10 to 15 mm. broad... ...-..-..-- 4. EF. paniculatum.

Flowers large, 20 to 40 mm. broad... ..-.-..---

Perennials; stigmas subentire.
Stems tall, 30 to 90 cm. high.
Leaves linear-oblong, sessile, nearly entire, the
margins revolute
Leaves lanceolate to ovate, dentate or denticu-
late, not revolute.
Petals 6 to 10 mm. long; herbage canescent-
puberulent: 2222) ssc sss sneoess sense
Petals 3 to 5 mm. long; herbage not canes-
cent-puberulent.
Capsule pedicelled.
Pedicels shorter than the capsules;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate
Pedicels equaling the capsules;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile,
decurrent23. 2.22% cima cees
Capsule sessile; leaves ovate or elliptic,
BORGO See Soe see ene eae ee
Stems low; species mostly alpine or subalpine.
Seeds smooth.
Leaves entire; plants creeping or stolon-
iferous.
Stems ascending, usually curved; leaves
spreading, oval or oblong, thick... -
Stems erect; leaves ascending, linear
or oblong-lanceolate
Leaves or some of them toothed, thin.
Flowers white, 5 to 6 mm. broad ... .--
Flowers purple, 10 to 15 mm. broad . .
Seeds papillate.
Foliage glaucous and glabrous. ......-...--
Foliage not glaucous.
Plants producing stolons.

Leaves narrow, erect, keeled
below.2::222=s<< he leh ae

Leaves broader, spreading, not
keeled.

Matted; leaves firm,
OTEON, NOBSIO Ss: . 65 eas ses
Not matted; leaves thin,
bright green, petiolate... .
Plants not producing stolons.
Stems branched.

° Seeds 1 mm. long; stem pubes-
cent in lines; pedicels about
as long as the capsules - - - -

Seeds 2 mm. long; stems
pubescent but not in lines;
pedicels much shorter than
the capeules-.....2223 -4<0%

10.

16.

17.

18.

. BE. paniculatum

jucundum.

. E. palustre.

. E. franciscanum.

. £. adenocaulon.

. EF. halleanum.

E. brevistylum.

. E. anagallidifolium.
. EL. oregonense.

. E. alpinum.
14.

E. hornemanni.

. E. fastigiatum.

E. pringleanum.

E. clavatum.

. E. hornemanni.

E.. leptocarpum.

. £. mirabile.

a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 401

Stems simple.
Herbage pilose-pubescent . . . 20. E. ursinum.
Herbage not inna pibeutent.
Leaves sessile, narrow,

erect; acute .......-- 21. E. drummondii.
Leaves petioled, broadish,
spreading, obtuse... - 22. FE. delicatum.
1. Epilobium angustifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 347. 1753. FIREWEED.

Epilobium spicatum Lam. FI. Fr. 3: 482. 1778.
Type LocaLity: European. ‘
Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California, New Mexico, and Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 77; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 1, 1900; near
_ Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 407; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 637; Coulee City,
Lake & Hull 528; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in
1859; without locality, Vasey 242; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 126; Clallam County, Elmer 2566; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

EpiLopiuM opaAcuM,? said by Hooker to have been collected by Douglas and by Scouler
about Fort Vancouver, is probably a form of EZ. angustifolium.

2. Epilobium latifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 347. 1753.
TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia.
Rance: Arctic America, southward to Oregon, Colorado, and Canada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2343; Mount Rainier, Smith 875;
Silverton, Bouck; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 530; North Fork Bridge Creek; Elmer 664.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

3. Epilobium luteum Pursh, Fl. 1: 259. 1814.

Type Locauity: Northwest coast of America. Collected by Menzies.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 300; Piper; August, 1895; Allen 293; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 549; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson 2440; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull
529; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1091; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 730; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall; Clallam County, Elmer 2560.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

4. Epilobium paniculatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 490. 1840.

Type Locatity: “Plains of the Oregon and Rocky Mountains.’”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to California, Arizona, and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 103; Silverton, Bouck in 1889; Tacoma, Flett 130;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 14; Lake Park, Piper in 1895; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1092; Wenache,
Whited 1330, 1159; North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Tieton River, Cotton 488; Peshastin,
Sandberg & Leiberg 538; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 525; Spokane, Piper 2361, 2360; Blue
Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896, 2358; Pullman, Piper 1631; Hull in 1892; without local-
ity, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Kreager 573, 536; Clatlam County, Elmer 2558, 2561; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 152. :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

4a. Epilobium paniculatum picnOaee (A. Gray) Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2:
85. 1891.
Epilobium jucundum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 57. 1876.
Type Loca.ity: Scott Valley, California. se cteat by Greene.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf Ve: Leavenwor th, Whited 247.

aLehm. Pug. 2: 14. 1830.

29418—06 mM 26

“402 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Epilobium paniculatum is a very variable species, or perhaps a complex of several. Suks-
dorf, besides recognizing E. jucundum as a valid species, proposes two others, E. apricum
and FE. fasciculatum.a ,

5. Epilobium minutum Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 207. 1833.

Type vocauiry: “North-West coast of America. Fort Vancouver. Near the Grand
Rapids of the Columbia.”’ Collected at these points respectively by Menzies, Scouler, and
Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region mainly.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 459; Whidby Island, Gardner 123; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Silverton, Bouck; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1203; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 253; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 81, 2108, 18; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg
109; Blue Mountains, Horner 290.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

A rather variable species, but it will require further material and study to Atsbinitin how
many of the forms are worthy of recognition. Torrey and Gray recognized EF. minutum
foliosum,® based on Nuttall’s MSS. name £. foliosum. Haussknecht ¢ recognized three sub-
species, namely, stenophyllum (=foliosum Nutt.), platyphyllum, and adenophorum.

Suksdorfd considers foliosum a good species and also describes A. minutum canescens and
A. foliosum glabrum.

6. Epilobium palustre L. Sp. Pl. 1: 348. 1753.
Type cLocauiry. European.
Rance: Alaska to Washington, Colorado, and Canada. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 374.

7. Epilobium franciscanum Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876.
Type Loca.ity: “ Near San Francisco,” California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Kalispel, Kreager, July 30, 1902; Spokane, Piper 2269,
ZONAL DistrrBuTION: Arid Transition.
The specimen listed by Suksdorf as . watsoni Barbey is the same as the Spokane plant
above mentioned.

8. Epilobium adenocaulon Haussk. Oestr. Bot. Zeitschr. 29: 119. 1879.

TyprE Locauity: Ohio.

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsyl-
Vania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2568; Montesano, Heller 3992, 3974;
Mount Constitution, Henderson 2460; Seattle, Piper 102; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-59;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 15; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson 2461; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 420; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2150; Lake Keechelus, Henderson
2462; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 174, 744; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 412; Spokane,
Piper 3515.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

A very variable species. The specimens referred in Cooper’s Report to Epilobium tetra-
gonum L. doubtless belong here.

8a. Epilobium adenocaulon occidentale Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 95. 1891.
Type Loca.ity: Beaver City, Utah.
Rance: Washington to California and Arizona.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited in 1895, 1300: Beaver Creek, Whited 3; Spo-
kane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Pullman, Piper 3056, 3057, 1632; Hull 792.

a West Am. Scientist 11:77. 1901. ¢ Monog. Epil. 248. 1884.
oF]. 1: 480. 1840. d Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 87. 1900.

ae

. PIPER—FLORA OF THE. STATE OF WASHINGTON. 403
7
9. Epilobium halleanum Haussk. Monog. Epil. 261. 1884.
Type Locatity: “Hab. in Oregon.’”’ Collected by Hall.
Rance: Vancouver Island to Oregon in the coast region.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1130; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2308; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 15; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2309; Vancouver, Piper 4929.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

10. Epilobium brevistylum Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876.

Type Locauity: Sierra County, California.

Rance:. Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2345; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf
2189; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 550; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1202; Railroad Creek, Elmer 701;
Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2569.

ZONAL pistriBuTION: Hudsonian.

11. Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam. Encyc. 2: 376. 1786.

Type Locatiry: “ Mont-d’Or.”

Rance: Arctic America, south to Labrador and in the mountains to California and Colo-
rado. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2354; Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 189;
North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 640; Mount Adams, Flett 1241.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Artic.

12. Epilobium oregonense Haussk. Monog. Epil. 276. 1884.

Type Locauity: Oregon. Collected by Hall.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2351; Lake Keechelus, Henicesin 3 in
1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

13. Epilobium alpinum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 348. 1753.

Epilobium lactiflorum Haussk. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 29: 89. 1879.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Alpibus Helveticis, Lapponicis.”’

Rance: Subarctic regions, southward to Oregon, Utah, and New Hampshire. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 190; Piper 2166; Mount Constitution,
Henderson 2453; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 16; Silverton, Bouck in 1899; Skokomish River,
Kincaid 22503; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson
2454; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2032; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall
in 1860; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 677.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic.

14. Epilobium hornemanni Reichenb. Ic. Crit. 2:73. 1825.

Epilobium nutans Hornem. in Oeder, Fl. Dan. 1387. 1810, not Schmidt, 1795.

Tyre Locauity: “In turfosis alpinis Norvegiae.”’

Rance: British Columbia to Canada, acute to California, Colorado, and the White Moun-
tains. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2355, 1047, 2353, 2346, 2348, 2347;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 553; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 778; Atanum River, Henderson
2445; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 469; Mount Rainier, Allen 191; Bridge Creek, Elmer 744;
Mount Rainier, Piper 2168, 1048; Blue Mountains, Piper 2359; Horner 289.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hhidisoaithar

Both the characters relied upon to separate this species from EF. uae namely, the
rough seed and larger, darker flowers, break down completely in our material, and there is no
evidence that the connecting forms are hybrids. -

te tien te ee ae

¥

7
‘
e

404 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
a
15. Epilobium fastigiatum (Nutt.)

Epilobium affine fastigiatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 489. 1840.

Erilobium glaberrimum latifolium Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876.

Epilobium glaberrimum fastigiatum Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 105. 1891.

Type Locauity: “Plains.of the Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 115; Mount Rainier, Allen 192; Smith
755; Piper 2167, August 1895; Mount Adams, Henderson 2444; Mount Stuart, Brandegee
777; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859: Llue Mountains, Horner 238; Clallam
County, Elmer 2559.

15a. Epilobium fastigiatum glaberrimum (Barbey).
Epilobium glaberrimum Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876.
Tyre Loca.iry: Yosemite Valley, California.
Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1878.

16. Epilobium pringleanum Haussk. Mittheil. Geogr. Gesells. Jena 7: 5. 1888.
Epilobium oregonense gracillimum Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 109. 1891.
Tyre vocatrry: “California, mountains about the headwaters of the Sacramento River.”
RanGeE: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July , 1886; White Salmon, Suksdorf in
1878; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 552; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

17. Epilobium clavatum Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 111. 1891.

Type Locauiry: Kicking Horse River, British Columbia.

RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2350, 2349; Mount Rainier, Piper
2165, 2164; Allen 192; Goat Mountains, Allen 252; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September,
1877, August 28, 1886; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 654; Clallam County, pera 2570.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

18. Epilobium leptocarpum macounii Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 103. 1891.
Type Locaity: ‘Lake Athabasca.’’ Collected by Macoun.
Rance: British America to Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2352, 2356; Mount Adams, Suks-
dorf 551.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

P% — ee

19. Epilobium mirabile Trelease, sp. nov. :

Turioniferous; stems rather slender, terete, crisp-pubescent, ascending from near the base,
about a foot high, with rather short strict branches; leaves scarcely 25 mm. long, somewhat
ascending, broadly ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, remotely very low denticulate, rounded at base
and very short-petioled, rather thick, minutely crisp-puberulent or at length subglabrescent;
inflorescence somewhat glandular; flowers suberect, crowded at summit; petals about 5mm.
long, pale; capsules short-stalked, about 40 mm. long, curved, fusiform; seeds as in E.
paniculatum, the at first very white ample coma soon falling and at length dingy.—Meadows’ 3
at 1,500 meters altitude, in the Olympic Mountains, Washington (Piper, August, 1895, no. 5
2344).—A very peculiar plant, with the seed and foliage characters of E. minutum, but
exaggerated, and the turions of the delicatum section, in which in stem and pubescence
characters it falls near F. leptocarpum.

20. Epilobium ursinum Parish; Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 100. 1891.
Tyre Loca.ity: San Bernardino County, California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2148, 372; Klickitat River, Flett 1238.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 405

21. Epilobium drummondii Haussk. Monog. Epil. 271. 1884.
Type Locauity: “Hab. in Rocky Mts.”’ Collected by Drummond.
Rance: British Columbia to Nevada and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2149.

22. Epilobium delicatum tenue Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 99. 1891.

Tyrer Locatity: Union County, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.

Rance: Washington to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Skamania County,
Suksdorf 2309.

Epitopium pavuricuM Fisch. in Hornem. Hort. Bot. Havn. Suppl. 44. 1819. Hauss-
knecht in his Monograph reports this from Tacoma, collected by Krause, but we have seen
no specimens thus referable. It was originally described from Siberia, and ranges at least
as far east as Alaska.

EPiLoOBIUM ORIGANIFOLIUM Lam. This name appears on Suksdorf’s list, but the species
is not known to occur in North America.

TARAXIA.
White-pubescent; leaves deeply pinnatifid..........-.--- 1. T. tanacetifolia.
Glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves entire or denticulate.......--...---.-.-.---- 2. T. heterantha.
Leaves pinnatifid ........ ee A Rr et ee Pay 2a. I’. heterantha taraxacifolia.

1. Taraxia tanacetifolia (Torr. & Gr.).

Oenothera tanacetifolia Torr. & Gr. Pacif. R. Rep. 2: 121. pl. 4. 1854.

Tarazxia longiflora Nutt.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 185. 1896.

Oenothera nuttallii Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 506. 1840, not Sweet, 1830.

Tyre Loca.iry: ‘On the higher parts of the Sierra Nevada; latitude 41°, California.

Range: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 162; Crab Creek country, Suksdor}
308; Spokane County, Suksdorf 309; Marshall Junction, Piper 2259.

ZONAL bistprBuTION: Arid Transition.

2. Taraxia heterantha (Nutt.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 185. 1896.

Oenothera heteratha Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 22. 1834.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Towards the sources of the Columbia, in dry prairies.’’ Collected by
Wyeth.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and Utah. .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1012; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 130;
Spangle, Piper 2835; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1195.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2a. Taraxia heterantha taraxacifolia (S. Wats.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club. 28: 185.
1896.

Oenothera heterantha taraxacifolia S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 589. 1873.

Taraxia taraxacifolia Heller, Muhlenbergia 1:1. 1900.

Type Locauiry: Near Austin, Nevada.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Creek, Spokane County, Sandberg & Leiberg, 120 in part;
Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 451; Walla Walla, Griffiths & Cotton 451.

ZONAL DisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

SPHAEROSTIGMA.
Flowers axillary, yellow or yellowish. ;
Capeate littear more or leas curved: ..> .:....- 2-222 n5de nase -oee eee 1. S. contortum.
Capsule broadest at base, attenuate upward.
Seeds pale, linear; flowers very small............-...-.-.----- 2. S. andinum.

Seeds dark, clavate; flowers larger....................-.----- 3. S. hagardi.

406 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Flowers white or rose-colored, in nodding spikes.
Herbage viscid-glandular..............-...-- ca pie De we Pac dis teat aeee 4. S. boothii.
Herbage puberulent, not glandular..................-....-------- 5. S. alyssoides.

1. Sphaerostigma contortum (Dougl.) Walp. Repert. 2: 78. 1843.

Oenothera contorta Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 214. 1833.

Type Locauitry: “Sandy barren soil on the interior banks of the Columbia River.’
Collected by Douglas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 1. Form with stalked pods: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg
263; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pasco, Piper 2965a; North Yakima, Henderson,
May 27, 1892.

2. Form with pods sessile: Pasco, Piper 2965b; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 555, 85;
Bingen, Suksdorf 2311; Ilia, Lake & Hull. .

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

The two forms above listed are probably distinct, but it remains to be determined which
is typical S. confortum, as the distinguishing character does not appear in the original
description. The sessile-podded form was later described as S. strigulosa Fisch. & Mey.
from California. The whole group is in need of critical study.

2. Sphaerostigma andinum (Nutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 79. 1843.
Ocnothera andina Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 512. 1840.
Tyre Locatity: “Dry plains in the Rocky Mountains, near Black-Foot River.’’ Col-
lected by Nuttall. ,
Rance: Washington and Montana to Nevada and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 86; Ellensburg,. Piper 2675; Elmer 429; |

North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 311; Flett 1230; Klicki-
tat Valley, Howell 1503; Pasco, Piper 2994; Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Walla Walla
region, Brandegee 786; without locality, Vasey 235; Coulee City, Piper 3907, 3908; Ellens-
burg, Cotton 865.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

3. Sphaerostigma hilgardi (Greene) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 188. 1896.

Oenothera hilgardi Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 41. 1883.

Tyre Locauity: “On moist alkaline soil of the Klickitat Swale,’? Washington. Col-
lected by Hilgard.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1093; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897;
North Yakima, Elmer 1082; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 290; Sprague,
Sandberg & Leiberg 145; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May 27, 1896;
Ellensburg, Cotton 865.

Zonat Disrripution: Upper Sonoran.

4. Sphaerostigma boothii (Dougl.) Walp. Rep. 2: 77. 1843.

Oenothera boothii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 213. 1833.

Wenothera pygmaea Doug!.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 213. 1833.

Type Locauity: “On low exposed gravelly hills, near the branches of Lewis and Clark’s
River, lat. 46° north.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 441; Snake River, Walla Walla
region, Brandegee 785; Tweedy, June, 1883.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

5. Sphaerostigma alyssoides minutiflorum (S. Wats.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23:
192. 1896.
Oenothera alyssoides minutiflora 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 591. 1873.
Type Loca.itry: “ Northern Nevada and about Salt Lake, Utah.”

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 407
Rance: Washington to Nevada and Utah.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 310; Crab and Wilson creeks,
Sandberg & Leiberg 262.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

OENOTHERA. EVENING PRIMROSE.

1. Oenothera biennis muricata (L.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: under pl. 1604. 1833.
Oenothera muricata L. Syst. Veg. ed. 12. 263. 1767.

Type Locauity: ‘Canada.”

RanaeE: British Columbia and Washington; New England to Nova Scotia and Quebec.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 407; Tacoma, Flett 149; Waitsburg,
Horner 181; Meyers Falls, Beattie & Chapman 199.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

la. Oenothera biennis strigosa (Rydberg).

Onagra strigosa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot.-Gard. 1: 278. 1900.

Oenothera biennis canescens Torr. & Gr. Fl]. 1: 492. 1840, not Oenothera canescens Torr. &
Frem. in Frem. Rep. 315. 1845.

Type Locauiry: Pony, Montana.

Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1250; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895;
Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 397; Chelan, Elmer 495; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, —
August, 1892; Medical Lake, Henderson; July, 1892; Nees Piper, September, 1897;
Wawawai, Horner 673.

ZONAL DisTRiBpuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

ANOGRA.

1. Anogra pallida (Lindl.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 175. 1896.

Oenothera pallida Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1142. 1828.

Tyre Looauity: “In the Northwest of North America.” “Growing among sand in all
the dry country west of the Rocky Mountains.”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1110; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 970; White
Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Pasco, Piper 2992; Hindshaw 43; Glendale,
Lake & Hull 522; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 217; Lake Chelan, Howard
in 1899; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey 537;
Kiona, Piper, July, 1897; Steamboat Rock, McKay 20.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

GAYOPHYTUM.

Seeds canescent with appressed hairs........-...----------------- 1. G. lasiospermum.
Seeds glabrous.
Stems branched at base, very leafy, the shoots erect; capsules
COONS OBEY SOARES. {52 52s sc cicns cn utied eames sey Don need 4. G. pumilum.
Stems usually much-branched above, remotely leafy; capsules on
elongated pedicels.
Flowers largo, 6:to-l2:mm.: broad... .23 2.22235 203,25 <23005 2. G. diffusum.
Flowers, small,:2-$0%4. my. broad: 202; Sec ee ete 3. G. ramosissimum.

1. Gayophytum lasiospermum Greene, Pittonia 2: 164. 1891.

Type Locauity: Near Julian, California.

Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 168; Ellensburg, Piper 2634; Mount Adams,
Henderson 2466; Chelan, Elmer 488; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 252;

408 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Conconully, Whited 1313; Spokane, Piper 2634; Henderson 2467; Nile, Henderson 2464;
Sprague, Lake & Hull, August, 1892.

ZONAL pisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Gayophytum diffusum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 513. 1840.

Type Locauiry: “Rocky Mountains and plains of Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited; along Methow River, Whited 220; Loomis-
ton, Elmer 609; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Klickitat River, Flett 1405;
Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Geyer 546.

ZONAL DistTRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

8. Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 513. 1840.

Tyre Locatity: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2310, 2297, 2296, 2295, 22; Henderson,
August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2257, 20, 21;
North Yakima, Piper, June, 1897; Henderson, May, 1892; Wenache, Whited in 1896;
Washtucna, Elmer 1042; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 528; Cascade Mountains, Piper,
July, 1895; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; without locality, Brandegee 781;
Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 159; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains,
Horner 293, 292; Walla Walla, Nuttall.

ZONAL bistripuTION: Arid Transition.

Hooker@ recognizes two subspecies, but evidently his names have become interchanged
in respect to the characters.

Capsules short, the fruiting pedicels refracted ........---....- G. ramosissimum strictipes.
Capsules longer, canescent, pedicels erect ia fruit......-...-.- G. ramosissimum deflerum.

4. Gayophytum pumilum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 193. 1883.

Tyre Locauity: ‘From San Bernardino County, California, to Washington Territory.”

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 376; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June,
1881, and 19; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 82; bars of Touchet River, Horner 286; near
Salmon River, Horner 284; Biue Mountains, Horner 317, 119; Skamania County, Flett
1236.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian?

GAYOPHYTUM RACEMOSUM Torr. & Gr., and GayopHytTuM cAgEsium Torr. & Gr. Both
these names, which are considered to represent one species, appear in Suksdorf’s list. The
type of the latter was collected in “Oregon, on dry open plains near Walla Walla,” by Nut-
tall, possibly a Washington locality, but many of Nuttall’s plants so labelled were collected
far to the southeast of Wallula (Old Fort Walla Walla). At any rate we have seen no Wash-
ington specimens of the plant, those labelled G. racemosum being as a rule G. ramosissimum.

PACHYLOPHUS.
Leaves green, glabrous, except the villous margins.............------- 1. P. marginatus.
Leaves canescent-puberulent on both sides...........---------------- 2. P. canescens.

1. Pachylophus marginatus (Nutt.) _

Ocenothera marginata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 500. 1840.

Type Locatity: “ Rocky Moansaing in Upper California, about Jat. 42°,” probably. 2 in
Idaho. Collected by Nuttall.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Steptoe Canyon, McKay.
_ ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

a Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 224. 1847.

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 409

2. Pachylophus canescens sp. nov.

Acaulescent or nearly so, cespitose, the whole plant canescent with a fine appressed
pubescence; root stout and woody, becoming 30 cm. long or more; leaves rather numerous,
pale green, oblanceolate, repandly dentate or subentire, obtuse or acute, each attenuate
into a petiole with margins narrower than the broad white midrib; calyx canescent, the
tube very narrow, 5 to 6 cm. long, twice the length of the lanceolate attenuate lobes; petals
broadly obovate, pink, 2 to 3 cm. long; pods 2 to 3 cm. long, linear-oblong, attenuate into
a stout beak, canescent like the leaves.

This species is distinguishable from the others of the genus only by the character of the
pubescence.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Washington—Sentinel Bluffs in gravelly soil, Cotton 1345 (type);
Priest Rapids, Brandegee 77, July 14, 1903. Oregon—near Harper Ranch, Leiberg 2103;
near Westfall! on road to Ontario, Coville 504; without locality, Cusick in 1885. Galitorsis

' Without locality, Vasey in 1880.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.
The type is in the National Herbarium.

LAVAUXIA.

1. Lavauxia triloba (Nutt.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 367. 1835.
Oenothera triloba Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 2: 118. 1821.
Type Loca.itry: “In the arid and partly denudated prairies of Red River,” Arkansas.
Rance: Washington and Saskatchewan, south to California and Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima River, Suksdorf 1703.

GODETIA.

Calyx tips free in the bud, the lobes separate in anthesis; stigmas
oval, purple; capsules sessile.
PV AFP MUG Canale VAIOUA bon os bic atle om ahccdesces's oe 1. G. quadrivulnera.
Gary: atid capenle puberulesit s'-... 2 so tea. see 2. @. tenella.
Calyx tips united, remaining so in anthesis; capsules mostly pedicelled.
Anthers sparsely hairy, large, the terminal portion sterile and
Gite bewaming hooked. ;. s.c26-5. ue oe ee Se clos ot 3. G. amoena.
Anthers glabrous, small, fertile to the tips. .....--.-.-...------ 4. G. caurina.

1. Godetia quadrivulnera (Dougl.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 389. 1835.

Oenothera quadrivulnera Dougl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1119. 1827.

Godetia bingensis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 88. 1900.

Type Locaity: “Northwest America.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fox Island, Flett 84; Tacoma, Flett 907, 167; Olympia to Gate
City, Heller 4050; Steilacoom, Piper in 1885; Suckley in 1885; Bingen, Suksdorf, July 4
1892; June 13, July, 1881; Yelm, Smith 428; Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition 133.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Godetia tenella (Cav.) Spach; Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 697. 1840.
Oenothera tenella Cav. Icon. 4: 66. pl. 396. 1797.
Tyre Looaity: “Habitat prope urbem Talcahuano in Chile.” |
Rance: Washington to California. Chile.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2152; Clallam County, Elmer 2567

8. Godetia amoena (Lehm.) Lilja, Linnaea 15: 265. 1841. }
Oenothera amoena Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 8. 1821.
Oenothera lindleyi Dougl. Hook. Bot. Mag. 55: pl. 2832. 1828.
Godetia vinosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22: pl. 1856. 1836.

Type Locauity: America] Septentr[ionalis].”’

/

410 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sinclair Inlet, Piper, July, 1895; Steilacoom, Suckley; Ska-
mania County, Suksdorf 2129; Chambers Prairie, Henderson, August, 1892; Johns Island,
Lawrence 189; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 27, July 1881 and 23.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Godetia caurina Abrams, sp. nov. ;

Stems erect, simple below, more or less branched ped 30 to 60 em. high; herbage
minutely and rather sparsely puberulent throughout; leaves linear - lanceolate, entire;
flower heads mainly erect, oblong, obtuse at apex, 12 to 14 mm. long; calyx tube 2 mm.
long; petals obovate, 15 to 18 mm. long, purple with a blotch of deeper color near the
center; anthers 3 mm. long, fertile to the tip, glabrous; stigmas linear-oblong, 3 mm.
long, yellow; capsule 8-ribbed, stoutly beaked at apex, 25 mm. long, tapering at base into
a pedicel fully half as long.

Nearest G. amoena (Lehm.) Lilja from which it is best distinguished by its much smaller
glabrous anthers, which are not sterile at tip, and cblong obtuse flower buds.

Tyre Locatiry: Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, collected by Elmer 2565, June,
1900 (type, United States National Herbarium, no. 401890).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Finlayson, Vancouver Island, Macoun, June 28, 1887;
Beacon Hill, Vancouver Island, Macoun, May 25, 1887.

Gopetia viwingA (Dougl.) Spach, GopeTia Lerma Lindl. Both these names appear
in Suksdorf’s list, but there are no specimens to indicate that these species occur in Wash-
ington. The species of this genus are very poorly understood.

BOISDUVALIA.

Upper leaves much broader than the lower ones; capsule septifragal in
GOMIORNOD Sade ite's Buc aes hind sete kee padlock p wa Gi sae easy se aseny 1. B. densiflora.
Upper leaves oot broader than the lower ones; Soo loculicidal in
dehiscence.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, pubescent... ....-.....-.----.---- ---- 2. B. stricta.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, often glabrous...............---.------- 3. B. glabella.

1. Boisduvalia densiflora (Lindl.) S. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 233. 1876.

Boisduvalia douglasii Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 385. 1835.

Oenothera densiflora Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1593. 1833.

Tyre vocauity: Northern California.

RanGE: British Columbia to California and Nevada. ‘

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July, 1897; Ellensburg, Whited 573; west Klicki-
tat County, Suksdorf 2254; Leavenworth, Whited 248; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 557;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 588; Spokane, Piper, October 1, 1900; Pullman, Hull, July
16, 1892; Piper, 1839; Ellensburg, Cotton 866.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

la. Boisduvalia densiflora pallescens Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 88. 1900.
Type Locauiry: Near Bingen, Klickitat County, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Bingen, Suksdorf.
Distinguished by having white flowers and somewhat larger seeds.

2. Boisduvalia stricta (A. Gray) Greene, Fl. Fran. 225. 1891.
Gayophytum strictum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 340. 1867.
Boisduvalia torreyi S. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 233. 1876.
Oenothera torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 384. 1873.

Type Locatity: Cloverdale, California.
Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 411

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 411; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 378, 558; foothills
Blue Mountains, Horner 176; Blue Mountains, Horner, August, 1896; Spokane, Piper,
June, 1897, Sandberg, McDougal, & Heller, 905; Pullman, Henderson 2470; Piper 2657;
2655; Wawawai, Elmer 757; Piper, June 23, 1901; Squaw Creek, Cotton 877; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 690.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition,

8. Boisduvalia giabella (Nutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 89. 1843.
Oenothera glabella Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 505. 1840.
Type Locaity: ‘Plains of the Oregon east of Wallawallah.’’ Collected by Nuttall.
RanGE:. British Columbia to Montana and California.
_ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 2656; Hull, duly, 1892.
ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

CLARKIA.

PRE IA, ORTEATOONER TEE are PEN oe RA oe ge ee Re Re Sees pect Made aid 1. C. rhomboidea.
TLR AOI AE ro re ee eA LOGE se hepenids Bp sabe suet Booms 2. C. pulchella.

1. Clarkia rhomboidea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 214. 1833.

Type Locauity: “From the Great Falls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains.’
Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 780; Wenache Gulch, Whited 1165;
Klickitat River, Flett 1234; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Stehekin, Whited,
July 5, 1901; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey 238; without
locality, Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Clarkia pulchella Pursh, Fl. 1: 260. 1814.

Type Locauity: “On the Kooskooskee and Clark’s Rivers.”’ Collected by Lewis. The
first locality is in Idaho, opposite the town of Kamiah, the Camp Chopunnish, where Lewis
collected many plants.°

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Pasco, Hindshaw 38;
Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1861; between Coulee City and Waterville,
Spillman, May, 1896; Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Sandberg & Leiberg 211; Tukanon
River, Lake & Hull 531; Pullman, Piper 1630; Tampico, Flett 1232; Colville Reservation,
Griffiths & Cotton 376.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

HALORAGIDACEAE. Water Mi.roi FaAaminy.

ptamonel SOvary.d=coledson ss orang ica ash n ey dereces out Seen as Oe ee Hirruris.
Stamens 2 to 8; ovary 2 to 4-celled_.-.-- Page tracey te cty Sateen ahs ae eels MyrIoPpHYLLUM.

HIPPURIS. Maresratr.

PIPING MIAN 2 Vas CMY, DIOR. sock cw ek Onc Sea Ge ve aces beeper peewee 1. H. montana.
Hewlend -planh.20:to Oem. bigs a ho on - oin wk eWeareen lh wie Sce nee >e 2. H. vulgaris.

1. Hippuris vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 4. 1753.

Type Loca.ity: European.

Rance: Arctic regions, southward to California, New Mexico, and Maine. Europe,
Asia.

412 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1254; Lake Cushman, Piper 2225; Whidby Island,
Gardner 350; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Seattle, Piper; Longmire Springs,
Piper, August, 1895; Columbia Valley, Lyall.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Hippuris montana Ledeb.; Reichenb. Ic. FI. Sern. 1: 76. pl. 86.7. 181. 1823.
Type Locaity: “Unalaschka.”
Rance: Alaska to Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier,
Allen 186; Piper 2136; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 792.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

MYRIOPHYLLUM. Warer MILFOIL.

Floral leaves shorter than the flowers. .....-......-.-.-..---....--. 1. M. spicatum.
Floral leaves longer than the flowers.
Stamens 8; floral leaves pectinate....................-..--.-.. 2. M. verticillatum.

Stamens 3 or 4; floral leaves denticulate....................... 3. M. hippuroides.

1. Myriophyllum spicatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 992. 1753.
Type Loca.iry: European.
Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to California and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Piper 2230; Seattle, Piper 1132; Yakima
region, Brandegee 776; Ellensburg, Hindshaw.

2. Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 992. 1753.

Tyre Locatity: European.

Rance: Washington to Canada, southward to California and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Segualiche Lake, Piper, May, 1888; Lake Chelan, Elmer, August,
1897; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, Gorman in 1897; Tacoma, Flett 2146;
Lake Crescent, Lawrence 310.

3. Myriophyllum hippuroides Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 530. 1840.
Tyre Locatity: “Oregon, in ponds of the Wahlamet.’’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2176; Lindsleys, Clarke County,
Henderson.

ARALIACEAE. GINSENG FAMILY.

Herb; leaves compound -......-...-.-- bag idemie oaia Sin Oe aCe aereeeKoe ARALIA.
DUINIU On EOE ON sore ha eee hs oiuat ier cceess ...- ECHINOPANAX.

ARALIA.

1. Aralia nudicaulis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 274. 1753.
Type vocauity: “In Virginia.”
Rance: Washington to Newfoundland, Missouri, and.North Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Kreager 206.

ECHINOPANAX.

1. Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Dec. & Planch. in Rev. Hortic. 3: 105. 1854.
DEVIL’s CLUB.
Panaz horridum Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 26: No. 10. 1812. ©
Aralia erinacea Hook. Edinb. Journ. Sci. 6: 64. 1827.
Fatsia horrida Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 939. 1867.
Type Locauity: Nootka Sound. Collected by Menzies.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 413

Rance: Alaska to California and the Blue Mountains, Lake Superior.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 116;
near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 772; Stampede Pass, Henderson, October 4, 1892; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 753; Yakima Pass, Watson, November 19, 1880; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper, July, 1896; Horner; Clallam County, Elmer 2508; Big Meadow, Kreager 424;
without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

APIACEAE. Crvery Famity.

Flowers in dense heads; fruit scaly or tuberculate........--- EryNGIuo (p. 414).
Flowers in umbels.
- Fruit more or less bristly.
Bristles hooked covering the whole fruit surface... : SantcuLa (p. 414).
Bristles only on the ribs of the fruit.
Stylopodium obsolete; bristles barbed at tip... Daucus (p. 415).
Stylopodium conical; bristles not barbed.
Carpels oblong or ovate ..-...----- areca CavcaLis (p. 416).
CUPS DORIS: Seto d om chen te Moana WASHINGTONIA (p. 416).
Fruit glabrous, not at all bristly.
Carpels strongly flattened dorsally.

Stylopodium conical; petals obcordate........ Heracteum (p. 417).
Stylopodium flat or obsolete.
Calyx teeth evident; stylopodium flat... - CYNOMARATHRUM (p. 417).

Calyx teeth obsolete or nearly so; stylo-
podium obsolete.
Plant caulescent and__ branching;
flowers white.
Ultimate segments of the leaves

9 Tar ane a Sana A rer ok 2208 ANGELICA (p. 418).
Ultimate segments of the leaves
AON ec a ay oe em ee ee eee CONIOSELINUM (p. 419).

Plants acaulescent; or, if caulescent,
flowers not white.
Mostly acaulescent; lateral ribs

POI So ocsve ooh coe eee Lomatium (p. 419).
Mostly caulescent; lateral ribs
CNC in arene oon s a Re eee LEPTOTAENIA (p. 425).

Carpels not dorsally flattened.
Oil tubes present; leaves not peltate.
Fruit with a single oil tube in each interval.

Stylopodium conical. °
Leaflets linear. .......-.----- .. Carum (p. 426).
Leaflets lanceolate to ovate... ..- Cicuta (p. 426).

Stylopodium flat or obsolete. :
Flowers yellow; leaves simple or tri-

LiBORNUE Ses gid cna ceo ae Zizia (p. 427).
Flowers white. ;
Fruit elongate .......-....-. LerBerGia (p. 427).
Fruit short.
Leaves decompound . .... OENANTHE (p. 427).
Leaves reduced to hollow
petioles ............. LiLaropsis (p. 428).

Fruit with more than one oil tube in each
interval.

414 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Stylopodium conical.
Feuit globose. <.\. 02... s.c%022 BeERuLA (p. 428).
Fruit oblong.=. .2s.-4. 363.424 Ligusticum (p. 428).
Stylopodium flat or obsolete.
Ribs of the fruit wing-like.
Wings thick and corky; flowers
WHO £00 Sedonssicwuents GLEENIA (p. 429).
Wings thin; flowers yellow .. Preryxia (p. 429).
\ Ribs of the fruit not wing-like.
Plants acaulescent.
Fruit with all the ribs fili-
form; root not tuberous HEsPEROGENIA (p. 430).
Fruit with the dorsal ribs
filiform, the lateral ones
‘ corky; root tuberous... OroGenia (p. 430).
Plants caulescent; ribs of the
fruit all thick and corky.
Leaflets linear or narrowly
lanceolate .-........-. Sium (p. 430).
Leaflets ovate.......... CoeLorLeuRuM (p. 430).
Oil tubes obsolete or very obscure ; leaves peltate. HyprocoryLe (p. 431).

ERYNGIUM.
Bractlets little longer than the pale blue heads. ...................- 1. E. articulatum.
Bractlets twice as long as the green heads. .........-...-:--------- 2. EL. petiolatum,

1. Eryngium articulatum Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 232. 1847.

Eryngium harknessii Curran, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 153. 1885.

Tyre vocauity: “Stony edges of the Spokane River, and Skitsoé and Coeur d’Alene
Lakes.’’ Collected by Geyer. The first locality is probably in Washington; the others are
in Idaho.

Rance: From northern Idaho, through Washington and Oregon to central California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Spokane, Spalding; White Salmon, Suksdorf; Pullman, Piper -
1559 and October 10, 1897; without locality, Geyer 583.

The specimens reported@ as collected at Olympia by Henderson 2518, 2519, are really
from Eastern Washington.

ZONAL bistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Eryngium petiolatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 259. 1833.

Eryngium petiolatum juncifolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 385. 1872.

Type Loca.ity: “Moist soils on the plains of the Multnomah [Willamette] River,”
Oregon. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Western Oregon to Klickitat County, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf; Columbia Plains, Nuttall [Oregon or -
Washington ?].

SANICULA.
Mature fruit stipitate; leaves palmately divided... ....-.-.-.----- 1. S. menziesii.
Mature fruit sessile, not stipitate.
Leaves pinnately parted, the segments incised.....-....------ 4. S. bipinnatifida.
Leaves palmately divided.
Principal leaf divisions confluent at base. .........-.----- 2. S. howellii.
Principal leaf divisions distinct at base........-....----- 3. S. septentrionalis.

aContr. Nat. Herb. 7: 52. 1900.

A! aif ‘
PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, ; 415

1. Sanicula menziesii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 142. 1832.

Sanicula nudicaulis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 347. 1839-40.

Type Locauity: Not given, but California according to Hooker.a

Rance: British Columbia to California near the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Smith 643;
Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf; McAllisters Lake, Hen-
derson, June, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Sanicula howellii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 81. 1888.

Type Loca.ity: “Sandy shores, Tilamook Bay and Ocean Beach, Oregon.”’ Collected
by Howell. ;

Rance: Sea coast of Oregon to Vancouver Island. __

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orcas Island, Lyall; Whidby Island, Gardner; Granville, Conard
173.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Sanicula septentrionalis Greene, Erythea 1: 6. 1893.

Sanicula divaricata Greene, Erythea 3: 64. 1895.

Type Locatity: “Chase River, Vancouver Island.’’ Collected by Macoun.

Rance: From northern California to Vancouver Island and western Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 21; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2772; Skamania
County, Flett 1301; Goat Mountains, Allen 254; White Salmen River, Suksdorf 276; Little
Klickitat River, Henderson 2577; Blue Mountains, Piper 2338.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

This species was formerly confused with-the more southern S. nevadensis S. Wats.

- 4, Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 258. pl. 92. 1834.

Type Locauity: “Fort Vancouver on the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas and
Scouler.

Rance: From Vancouver Island to southern California, and extending into Lower
California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 137; Puget Sound, Cooper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

SANICULA MARILANDICA, L. has been reported from “undulating gravelly soils, near Fort
Vancouver, Douglas.’’® Not since seen in Washington, but it occurs in northern Idaho.

SANICULA BIPINNATA Hook. & Arn. was found on “ Prairie near Steikacoom’”’ by Cooper,
according to Torrey.c Probably some related species was mistaken for it.

DAUCUS.

1. Daucus pusillus Michx. Fl. 1: 164. 1803. WILD CARROT.

Daucus pusillus microphyllus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 636. 1840.

Daucus pusillus scaber Torr. & Gr. loc. cit.

Tyre Locaity: “In campestribus Carolinae.”

Rance: From the Carolinas and Florida to California, thence northward to Vancouver
Island.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orchard Point, Piper 2010; Whidby Island, Gardner 132; East
Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper; Fidalgo City, Flett
2103; Clallam County, Elmer 2770; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June, 1881.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

a Fj. Bor. Am. 1: 258. 1834.
b Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 257. 1834.
¢ Pac. R. Rep. 12?: 62. 1860.

we i a <>

416 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

CAUCALIS.

1. .Caucalis microcarpa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 348. 1839-40.

Tyre Locatity: California. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: From Washington and Idaho to southern California and Arizona, and extend-
ing into Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2766; Almota, Piper, May 2, 1897;
Wawawai Elmer 93; Piper 1890, May 19, 1894; Lake 706; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 16.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

WASHINGTONIA.

Fruit with bristly ribs.
Blowers. purple < us. 225.0 ss snug cdeeasctces covbens Seca PE 1. W. purpurea.
Flowers white.
Foliage strigose-pubescent ..... 2.2... 2.00 cn cscccccceacess. 2 W. brevipes.
Foliage glabrous or nearly so.
Fruit with a conspicuous sharp beak ...............--.--- 3. W. divaricata.
Fruit constricted below the apex and with truncate tip... 4. W. leibergi.
Fruit glabrous.
RYO OLOCE: TM PING: os 8 os 5 aie nena pone sssc chs qscsecicswancges ite Ws POMCTOME
Rays spreading in fruit... 25... 2. ecce enc cece seca ce cs cweccncss 6. Wy Gmbigua,

1. Washingtonia purpurea Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 67. 1900.
Type Locauity: ‘Sitka, Alaska.’
Rance: Mountains of northern Oregon to Alaska.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb 1382.

2. Washingtonia brevipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb, 7: 66. 1900.

Tyre Locauity: “Mount Shasta and vicinity, Siskiyou County, Cal.” Collected by
Palmer.

Rance: rom northern Washington and adjacent Idaho to southern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 110; Smith 110; Chehalis County, Heller 3975;
Whidby Island, 0. Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 63; Wenache Mountains, Whited 467;
Roslyn, Whited 467; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1176; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2115; Blue |
Mountains, Horner 215; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 44; Clallam County,
Elmer 2774; Stuart Island, Lawrence 56.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3. Washingtonia divaricata Britton Ill. Fl. 2: 531. 1897.

Washingtonia intermedia Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 289. 1900.

Osmorhiza divaricata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 639. 1840, nom. nud.; Britt. & Br. Tl. Fl.
2: 531. 1897, as synonym.

Type Locaity: “Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: From Oregon and northern California to South Dakota, and northward. to
Alaska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition 365; Silverton, Bouck 85; Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 34; Olympia, Henderson 376; Yakima County, Henderson 376; Rock
Creek, Spokane County, Suksdorf 1195; Spokane, F W. Dewart; Tukanon River, Lake &
Hull 764; without locality, Vasey 306; Cape Horn, eieeidias 4979; Klickitat River, Cotton
1480.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

4. Washingtonia leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 66. 1900.

Type Locatity: “Nason Creek, branch of Wenatchee River, Kittitas County, Washing-
ton.” Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg.

Rance: Mountains of Washington and Idaho.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. - 417

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 911; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1194;
Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 666.

5. Washingtonia occidentalis (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 67. 1900.

Glycosma occidentalis Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 639. 1840.

Osmorhiza occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 71. 1859.

Type Locaity: ‘“ Western side of the Blue Mountains of Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Ranee. From Alberta to northern California and the mountains of Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1413; Simcoe Mountains, Howell;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2334; Nuttall; without locality, Vasey 304; Roslyn, Whited 465;
near Wenache, Whited 7; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Mount Carlton, Kreager 282; .
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1681.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

_ 6. Washingtonia ambigua (A. Gray) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 69. 1900.

Glycosma ambiguum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 386. 1872.

Osmorhiza ambigua Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Um. 119. 1888.

Type Locarity: “Foot of Cascade Mountains, Oregon.”’ Collected by Hall.

Rance: Mountains of Oregon and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountains, Allen 256; Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 382; foothills near Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Peshastin,
Sandberg & Leiberg 502; upper Atanum River, Henderson, August 2, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. .

OsMoRHIZA LONGIsTYLIs (Torr.) DC. is reported in Hookera@ as found by Douglas in
“Shady woods, North-West America, in the lat. of the Columbia.” Some related species
is doubtless here confused.

OsMORHIZA BREVISTYLIS DC. is reported in Hooker 6 as found ‘“ From the mouth of the
Columbia to Observatory Inlet, in lat. 55°, North-West America,” the specimens collected
by Scouler and Douglas. Here again some related species has probably been confused.

HERACLEUM.

1. Heracleum lanatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1803. Cow PARSNIP.

Heracleum douglasii DC. Prod. 4: 193. 1830.

Heracleum lanatum vestitum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 632. 1840.

Type Locatity: “Canada.”

Ranae: Wet ground from Canada to North Carolina and Tennessee, and extending
westward to New Mexico, California, and Alaska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Silverton, Bouck; Skagit Pass, Lake
& Hull 538; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June 10, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall; Pull-
man, Piper 1558; Roslyn, Whited 466; North Palouse River, Vasey, June 6, 1901; Spokane
County, Clarks Springs, Kreager 139; Spokane River, Wilkes Expedition 397; Olympic
Mountains, Elmer 2763; Piper in 1895; Seattle, Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian.

Abundant in moist soil in most parts of the State. Douglas records that the ‘roots and
young stems are eaten by Chenook Indians.”’

CYNOMARATHRUM.

1. Cynomarathrum brandegei Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. '7: 246. 1900.
Peucedanum brandegei Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 210. 1888.
Type Locauity: “Walla Walla region, Washington.”’ Collected by Brandegee.
Rance: Eastern Washington.

a¥F]. Bor. Am. 1: 271. 1834. BF. Bor: Am. 1; 272. 1834.
29418—06 mM 27

418 — CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stehekin, Whited 1388; without locality, Vasey 296, 299;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 516; Wellington, Savage 18; Cascade Mountains, lat. 49°,
Lyall in 1860; Bridge Creek, Elmer 651; Mount Stuart, Elmer 116; Walla Walla region,
Brandegee 799; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 236.

ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

ANGELICA.
Oil tubes in pairs in the lateral intervals. ..............-.-...-...--- 1. A. canbyi.
Oil tubes solitary in all the intervals.
Leaves densely tomentose beneath... ..........-.-...-.-.------ 2. A. hendersoni.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so
Involucels of numerous bractlets............-...-.--------- 3. A. genuflexa.

Involucels usually wanting.
Fruit 6 to 8 mm. long with lateral wings thick and corky.. 4. A. arguta.
Fruit 4 to 6 mm. long, the lateral wings not thick and corky . 5. A. lyallii.

1. Angelica canbyi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 40. 1888.

Type Locauiry: ‘Low grassy ground along streams, Klickitat River, near Mount
Adams,”’’ Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1410, 1188; Ellensburg, Whited 533;
Atanum Soda Springs, Wat, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 638; near Mount
Paddo, Suksdorf 763; Blue Mountains, Piper 2335; Horner 302; Touchet River, Horner
301; without locality, Vasey 301; without locality, Brandegee 7964; Alkali Lake, Sandberg
& Leiberg 420.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

2. Angelica hendersoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 80. 1888.
Type Locauity: “Bluffs moistened by sea spray, Long Beach, Ilwaco (Pacific County),
Washington.’”’ Collected by Henderson.
RanGe: Seacoast, from southern Washington to San Francisco.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: I]waco, /enderson, September 7, 1892; Nahcotta, Brodie in 1900.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Angelica genuflexa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1; 620. 1840.

Archangelica peregrina Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 622. 1840.

Tyre LocaLiry: Wappatoo ‘Talend [Oregon] and near Fort Vancouver [Washington]. .
Collected by Nuttall. j

RanGe: From Oregon to southern Alaska, west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890; Montesano, Heller 4035a; West
Seattle, Piper 628 and August 3, 1889; Tacoma, Fett 167; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 36;
Skamania County, Suksdorf; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 187; Sumas, Lyall; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 627,186; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2765.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Angelica arguta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 620. 1840.
Type Locauity: ‘ Wappatoo Island [Oregon] and near Fort Vancouver [Washington].”
Collected by Nuttall.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Type specimen of Nuttall in the Herbarium of the New York
Botanical Garden.
This species is known only from the original specimens of Nuttall. Unless these repre-
sent some unusual condition of A. lyallii it is difficult to understand why the species has
not been found since by the numerous botanists who have collected in and about the type
locality.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 419

5. Angelica lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 374. 1882.

Type Locauity: “In the Galton and Cascade Mountains, near the British boundary.”
Collected by Lyall.

Rance: In the mountains, from eastern Oregon to northwestern Wyoming and north-
ward to Alberta. ,

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2023; Mount Rainier, Piper in
1890; Allen; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen; Stampede Pass, Henderson in 1892; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 636; Falcon Valley, Howell in 1882; Suksdorf 128; without locality,
Brandegee 796; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 855;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2336, August 2, 1896; Dry Creek, Whitman County Vasey, July
30, 1901; Clealum Creek, Cotton 830.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

ANGELICA sp. An undescribed species of Angelica occurs on Mount Adams, of which

- immature specimens have been collected by Henderson. It has been referred erroneously

to A. kingii (Selinum kingii S. Wats.) to which it is perhaps nearest related.

CONIOSELINUM.

1. Conioselinum gmelini (Cham. & Schlecht.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7:
150. 1900. :

Ligusticum gmelini Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 391. 1826.

Selinum benthami 8S. Wats. Bibl. Index 432. 1878.

Selinum hookeri 8. Wats.; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 45. 1888.

Conioselinum fischeri Auct. Amer.

Type Locauity: ‘Unalaska.”’

Rance: From Alaska and Northwest Territory southward to the Columbia River along
the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper July, 1890, 631; Port Ludlow, Binns in
1890; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma, Filett 131; Steilacoom, Suckley; Ilwaco, Hen-

' derson 2160; Straits of De Fuca, Scouler; Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition 7.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.
In Cooper’s report this plant was referred to Conium maculatum L. and spoken of by
Torrey as “the large form of the northwest coast.”’

LOMATIUM.

Low plants arising from thick tubers.
Flowers white; tubers globose.

ih pubarnlent.. 22ers. he et sce x Cie ie ae eee 1. L. gormani.
Fruit glabrous. ~
Oil tubes none; tubers often moniliform.. . - - 2. L. geyeri.

’ Oil tubes present.
Tubers large; oil tubes solitary in the

IAUEV RIS See aco sees ee eas 3. L. canbyi.
Tubers small; oil tubes several in each
interval.
Pedicels slender, longer than the
NUS Cog eee deme se eee ee 4. L. farinosum.
Pedicels stout, much shorter than
CAG GS ee Aloe ke Fae Ae See 5. L. piperi.

Flowers yellow; tubers elongate.
‘Fruit puberulent.
Oil tubes 3 to 6 in each interval... .......-- 6. L. watson.
Oil tubes solitary in the intervals..........- 7. L. cous.
Fruit glabrous; oil tubes solitary in the intervals. 8. L. cireumdatum.

420 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Taller plants, the roots elongate, hardly tuberous.
Peduncles stout, often much swollen at the summit.
Fruit very large, 18 to 28 mm. long; leaf segments

WOITOW oats os cog iss oh ae oe wee eae 9. L. suksdorfii.
Fruit smaller 8 to 14 mm. long.
Leaf segments lanceolate... ............-.- 10. L. nudicaule.
Leaf segments ovate to orbicular..........- 11. L. platyphyllum.

Peduncles less stout, never swollen at the top.
Bractlets conspicuous.

Flowers yellow; leaves glabrous... ........- 12. L. utrieulatum.
Flowers white.
Herbage tomentose................--- 13. L. macrocarpum.
Herbage puberulent. ................- 14. L. artemisiarum.
Bractlets small or wanting.
Fruit linear; flowers long-pedicelled...... .. - 15. L. ambiquum.

Fruit oblong.
Leaves pinnate.
Oil tubes solitary in the intervals... 16. L. martindalei.
Oil tubes 3 in each interval... ..... 17. L. hallii.
Leaves ternate.
Wings of the fruit broad.

Ill-scented, the leaves finely

UNBRCOS o e s e Pa hare 21. L. grayi.
Not ill-scented, the leaves not
finely dissected... .....-<- 18. L. laevigatum.
Wings of the fruit narrow.
Ovaries glabrous. ............ 19. L. triternatum.

Ovaries puberulent.
Leaf segments lanceolate,
elongate, usually entire... 20. L. robustius.
Leaf segments oblong, rather
short, often toothed... ..- 22. L. brevifolium.

1. Lomatium gormani (Howell) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 208. 1900.

Peucedanum gormani Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 252. 1898 (April 1).

Peucedanum confusum Piper, Erythea 6: 29. 1898 (April 10.)

Tyre Locauity: On “high hills opposite The Dalles,” Washington. Collected by
Howell.

Rance: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and adjacent Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 60; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg
in 1894; Klickitat, Howell 411; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 84; Pullman, Piper 1565;
Elmer 73; Wawawai, Piper 1566; Colfax, Vasey, April 13, May 5, 1902; Waitsburg, Horner
4; Spokane County, Leiberg 750; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895.

_ ZoNAL pistTRiBUTION: Arid Transition,

2. Lomatium geyeri (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 209. 1900.

Peucedanum geyeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 293. 1879.

Peucedanum evittatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 277. 1889.

Type Loca.ity: “Sandy woods and plains, upper Columbia River; the biscuit-root of
the Indians.” Collected by Geyer, no. 458, probably along the lower Spokane River.

Rance: Eastern Washington and northern Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1007 and May 17, 1896; Badger Mountain,
Whited, April 22, 1900; Roslyn, Whited, April 25, 1898; Ellensburg, Whited 270; Piper,
May 20, 1897; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2300, 2941, 2697; Henderson
2502; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 7; Ellensburg, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

a a ene See

|

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 421

3. Lomatium canbyi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 210. 1900.

Peucedanum canbyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 78. 1888.

Tyre Locatity: “High ridges, E. Oregon.’ Collected by Howell.

Rance: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 287; Ellensburg, Whited 287, 258 and May 4,
1898; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Klickitat Valley, Howell 1367, 67; near
Columbus, Suksdorf, April 13, 1886; Davenport, Geo. R. Sawyer, April 13, 1901; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 567; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

4. Lomatium farinosum (Geyer) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 210. 1900.

Peucedanum farinosum Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 235. 1847.

Ferula farinosa Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. loc: cit.

Type Loca.ity: “On an isolated rock in the Coeur d’ Aleine Mountains on wet clay.”
Collected by Geyer.

Rance: Eastern Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pine City, Piper, May 6, 1898; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg,
May, 1893; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 131; near Spangle, Piper, May 31, 1901;
Almota, Piper 2794; Wawawai, Elmer 98; Piper 1567; Coulee City, Piper 3874; North —
Palouse River, Vasey, May 25, 1902.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Lomatium piperi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 211. 1900.

_ Type vocatity: “Ellensburg, Kittitas County, Wash.”’ Collected by G. R. Vasey.
Rance: From the mountains of northern California to Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Valley, Howell, February 15, May, 1878; Klickitat

River, Flett 1304; White Salmon, Suksdorf 278; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

6. Lomatium watsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 211. 1900.
Peucedanum watsoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 18: 209. 1888.
TyPE LocaLity: “Simcoe Mts.,’’ Yakima County, Wash. Collected by Howell.
Rance: Mountains of Oregon and Washington:
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Columbus, Suksdorf; Klickitat, Howell 412, 413; Klickitat
Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 180.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Lomatium cous (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 214. 1900.
Cous. Biscurr Root,
Peucedanum cous 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453. 1886.
Type Locauity: “John Day’s Valley,” Oregon. Collected by Howell.
Rance: Eastern Oregon and Washington and adjacent Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2341; Wawawai, Elmer 97; above Wawa-
wai, Piper, May 6, 1901; Whitman County near Lewiston, B. Hunter 45.
@ONAL bistRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

8. Lomatium circumdatum (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 213. 100.

Peucedanum circumdatum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 474. 1887.

Type Locaity: ‘On hillsides in the Wallowa region of eastern Oregon.’’ Collected by
Cusick.

Rance: Eastern Oregon and Washington and adjacent Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 222.

This species is not very satisfactorily distinguished from L. cous. Good series of speci-
mens for both of these species are needed before their relations can be made clear.

429 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

9. Lomatium suksdorfii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 239. 1900.

Peucedanum suksdorfii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 369. 1885.

Type Locauity: “On dry rocky mountain sides, W. Klickitat County, Washington Ter-
ritory.” Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 132; Peshastin, Sandberg &
Leiberg 489; without locality, Vasey 300.

10. Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 238. 1900.

Smyrnium nudicaule Pursh, Fl. 1: 196. 1814.

Seseli leiocarpum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 263. pl. 93. 1834.

Peucedanum leiocarpum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 626. 1840.

Peucedanum leiocarpum campestre Nutt. loc. cit.

Tyre Locauity: ‘On the Columbia River.’’ Collected by Lewis April 15, 1806, then
at the Dalles.

Rance: From central California to British Columbia and Idaho.

SpeciIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, 0. Piper, May, 1898; Fairhaven, Piper 2805;
Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma, Flett 47; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 130; Mount
Stuart, Brandegee 797; without locality, Cooper in 1854; without locality, Vasey 297, 295;
Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2773.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

11. Lomatium platyphyllum Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 238. 1900.

Peucedanum latifolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 625. 1840, not DC. 1830.

Peucedanum nuttallii S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 128. 1871, not Seseli nuttallii A. Gray.
1870.

Type Locauity: “* Plains east of Wallawallah River, Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: From northern Nevada to eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 475; Wenache, Piper, March 26,
1895; Whited 26, 1021, 1078; Ellensburg, Whited 656; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, 487;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1285.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

12. Lomatium utriculatum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 215. 1900.

Peucedanum utriculatum Nutt. Torr. & Gr. Fl, 1: 628. 1840.

Tyre Locauity: “Rocky plains, particularly near the confluence of the Wahlamet and
Oregon [Columbia] Rivers,” Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: From southern California to British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, 0. Piper, April 17, 1898; Whidby Island,
Gardner 136; Orcas Island and Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma, Fett 28; Steilacoom
Plains, Piper 635; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2769; Woodlawn, Henderson 395; Van-
couver, Piper 4931.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Not known to occur east of the Cascade Mountains. The Wilkes Expedition specimens
(no. 359) undoubtedly belong to this species, but it is more than doubtful that they Were
collected at old Fort Walla Walla (Wallula),

The specimens referred by Hooker,a to Peucadanum foeniculaceum Nutt. very probably
belong to L. utriculatum. The Cooper specimens aiso referred to P. foeniculaceum » are
P. utriculatum.

13. Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 217. 1900.
Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 627. 1840.
Peucedanum macrocarpum eurycarpum A. Gray, Proc. Am, Acad. 8: 385. 1872.

a FI. Bor. Am. 1: 268, 1834. b Pac. R. Rep. 12: 63. 1860.

x ¢

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 475

Peucedanum eurycarpum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb., 61. 1888.

Tyre Locauity: “ Barren hills on the Oregon” (Columbia). Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: From central California through eastern Oregon and Washington to British
America, eastward to western Colorado and western Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1118, 1202, 1035; Wenache Mountains, Whited
1274; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Hangman Creek, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 61; Pullman, Elmer 96; Piper, June 24, 1894; Garrison, Piper 1563; Almota,
Piper, April 7, 1894; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; North Palouse River, Vasey,
May 6, 1902; Waitsburg, Horner 221.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

13a. Lomatium macrocarpum semivittatum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 224. 1902.

Type Locatity: ‘Hood River,’’ Oregon. Collected by Henderson.

Range: Klickitat County, Washington, and adjacent Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 279.

This subspecies has been confused with L. bicolor (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, a species not
known to occur in Washington. It has apparently been since redescribed as Lomatium
flavum Suksdorf.a

14. Lomatium artemisiarum Piper.

Lomatium macrocarpum artemisiarum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 223. 1902.

Type Locatity: Pasco, Washington. Collected by Piper.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3884; Crab Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 243;
without locality, Vasey 308; North Yakima, Henderson 2509, 2511, 2574; Prosser, Hender-
son 2510; Pasco, Piper 2976; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April 19, 1898; Coulee City,
Piper 3884; Prosser, Cotton 588; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 564; Wallula, Cotton 1069.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

15. Lomatium ambiguum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 212. 1900.

Eulophus ambiguus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 27. 1854.

Peucedanum ambiquum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 626. 1840.

Type Locaity: “Borders of Flat-Head River,’’ Montana. Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: From eastern Oregon to British Columbia, and eastward to Montana and
western Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited: Clealum, Whited 613; Mount Adams, Hen-
derson, August, 1892; Badger Mountains, Whited 1222; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg
481; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Spokane, Henderson,
July 9, 1892; Piper 2299; Lyall in 1861; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 44, 22;
Pullman, Piper 1562; Elmer 827; Blue Mountains, Piper 2337; Spokane County, Suksdorf
319; without locality, Vasey 298 near Colfax, Vasey, May 25, June 26, 1902; Mount
Gestion, Kreager 1561.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and eo Sonoran.

16. Lomatium martindalei angustatum Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 225.
1900.

Peucedanum martindalei angustatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 143. 1888.

Type Loca.iry: Rocky places ‘Cascade Mountains,’”’ Oregon. Collected by Howell.

Rance: Mountains of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Baldy, Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1325; Olympic Moun-
tains, Piper, August, 1895; Flett; Mount Rainier, Piper 2008; Stampede Tunnel, Hender-
son 2514; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893,795; Goat Mountains, Allen 258;
Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Suksdorf 383; Flett 1299; Skamania County,
Suksdorf 2112; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2771; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

a Allg. Bot. Zeitsch. 12 : 6. 1906.

BS atl ee ee |

424 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

17. Lomatium hallii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 224. 1900.

Peucedanum hallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 141. 1876.

Tyre Locauity: “ Northern Oregon.”’

Rance: Alpine in northern Oregon and Washington.

Specimens collected on Mount St. Helens by Mrs. Briggs in 1885, have been somewhat
doubtfully referred to this species. It is otherwise known only from the neighborhood of
Mount Hood, Oregon.

18. Lomatium laevigatum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 225. 1900.
Peucedanum laevigatum Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 627. 1840.
Type Locauity: “ Blue Mountains of Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Along the upper Columbia in Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Columbus, Suksdorf 863.

19. Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 227. 1900.

Seseli triternatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 197. 1814.

Peucedanum triternatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 626. 1840.

Tyre Locatity: “On the waters of Columbia.” The type was collected May 6, 1806,
by Lewis, on which date the Lewis and Clark Expedition was on the Clearwater River,
Idaho, near the mouth of Potlatch River.

Rance: From northeastern California to British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yelm, Piper 568; Smith, July, 1890; between Olympia and
Gate City, Heller 4056; Goat Mountains, Allen 257; Wenache, Whited 1021; Ellensburg,
Whited 658; North Yakima, Henderson 2513; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 596; Fort
Colville, Lyall; Spokane County, Suksdorf 318; Spangle, Piper, July 24, 1899; Pullman,
Piper 1568; Elmer 846; Waitsburg, Horner 104; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey, June 6, 1902;
Colville, Kreager 603.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

This species varies much in the form of the fruit and in the breadth of the wings. - Wide-
winged forms have been referred to L. platycarpum (Peucedanum simplex). If the latter
be characterized by having the wings of the fruit broader than the body, our plants would
all seem referable to triternatum. Wherever the line of division is drawn, the fact remains
that a complete series of intergrades exists.

a

20. Lomatium robustius Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 228. 1900.
Peucedanum triternatum macrocarpum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 70. 1888, not
Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt. 1840.
Peucedanum triternatum robustius Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 228. 1895.
Type Locauity: ‘Low grounds, W. Klickitat County, Wash.”’ Collected by Suksdorf. :
Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 131; Ellensburg, Piper 2742.

21. Lomatium grayi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 229. 1900.

Peucedanum millefolium S. Wats. in Bot. King Explor. 129. 1871, not Sonder, 1861-62.

Peucedanum grayi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 209. 1888.

Type Locatiry: “Antelope Island, (Great) Salt Lake,’’ Utah. Collected by Watson.

Rance: From eastern Washington and Oregon to Wyoming and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1050; Ellensburg, Whited 657; North Yakima,
Henderson, May 29, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 280, 24; Morgans Ferry,
Suksdorf 322; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 5; Ritz-
ville, Sandberg & Leiberg 180; Pullman, Elmer 95; Wawawai, Piper 1767; Touchet River,
Horner 609; Blue Mountains, Piper 2339; Dry Creek, Vasey, May 5, June 7, 1902; Cape j
Horn, Piper 5012. F

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

——— ee ee ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 495

22. Lomatium brevifolium Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 232. 1900.
Peucedanum triternatum brevifolium Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 70. 1888.
Type Locauity: “Klickitat County,” Washington. Collected by Howell.
. Rance: Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Klickitat River, Suksdorf
639; Flett 1303; Klickitat County, Howell 1368; Pasco, Hindshaw 15.

Lomatium pAsycarpum (Torr. & Gr.) Coult. & Rose (Peucedanum dasycarpum Torr.
& Gr.) is a Californian species reported from Washington on the basis of specimens col-
lected in Klickitat County by Joseph Howell.¢ The Howell specimens prove to be L.
canbyi Coult. & Rose.

LEPTOTAENIA.
_ Foliage puberulent.
Prunehenie: Towers purple .2o 2... shoe eb shee ee siec Asset awe 1. L. dissecta.
Fruit pedicelled; flowers yellow...........---------------+-+--- 2. L. multifida.
Foliage glabrous.
HeusLO Corba iin: DEORd- Gorn eeote coe hese teem i a came tees 3. L. purpurea.
Fruit 4 to 6 mm. broad.
Dpatete ruid* flowers purple. - as) <-aces 2c ee cece tte ces 4. L. watsoni.
Leaflets not rigid; flowers yellow, long-pediceled .......-..-- 5. L. salmoniflora.

1. Leptotaenia dissecta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 630. 1840.

Ferula dissecta A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868.

Ferula dissoluta S. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 271. 1876.

Type Locauity: ‘Plains of the Oregon (Columbia) near the confluence of the Wahla-
met.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: From northern California to Vancouver Island.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell, Suksdorf; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 332; Clallam County, Elmer 2764; Wenache, Whited 1340 and 1058, 1207, April
9, 1900; Piper 2013; Ellensburg, Whited 320; Colville, Lyall in 1861.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Leptotaenia multifida Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 630. 1840.

Ferula multifida A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868.

Tyre Locatity: “ Plains of the Oregon [Columbia], east of Wallawallah, and in the Blue
Mountains.’”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: From western Wyoming and Montana to New Mexico and west to Washington
and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; between Coulee City and
Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 54; Sprague, Hender-
son, May, 1892; Sandberg & Leiberg 212; Pullman, Elmer 136; Steptoe, Vasey, May 15,
1901; Coulee City, Piper 3845; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 403; Chelan Butte,
Griffiths & Cotton 185.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Leptotaenia purpurea (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 52. 1888.

Ferula purpurea 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453. 1886.

Type Loca.ity: ‘On rocky hillsides near the lower Columbia River, in Klickitat County,
Wash.”’ Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Klickitat County, Washington, and adjacent Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1879; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 98, 325, 26, 281.

a Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 452. 1880.

426 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

4. Leptotaenia watsoni Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 52. 1888.

Type Locatity: “In the Wenatchee region,” Chelan County, Washington. Collected
by Brandegee and by Tweedy.

RanGE: Cascade Mountains about Mount Stuart, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache region, Brandegee 801; Mount Stuart, Sandberg &

Leiberg 808; Elmer 1171.

5. Leptotaenia salmoniflora Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 201. 1900.
Peucedanum salmonifiora Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 228. 1895.
Type Locauity: “On basaltic rocks, near upper ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewis-
ton,’’ Nez Perces County, Idaho. Collected by Sandberg, MacDougal, & Heller.
Rance: Bluffs of the Snake River, Washington, and of the Clearwater River, Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 2781; Wawawai, Piper 2782; Elmer 92.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

CARUM.

1. Carum gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 344. 1867.

Atenia gairdneri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 349. 1839-40.

Edosmia gairdneri Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 612. 1840.

Type Locauity: Near San Francisco or Monterey, California. Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: From British Columbia to southern California, eastward to the Black Hills of
South Dakota, and to Colorado and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf
635; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Leavenworth, Whited, August 6, 1896;
Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull, August 1, 1892;
Fort Colville, Lyall; Mason County, Piper 1051; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Pullman,
Hull 537; Almota, Piper 1935; without locality, Vasey 307; Alkali Lake, Sandberg &
Leiberg 414; Steptoe, Vasey, August 10, 1902; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager
575; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 661.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

The roots of this plant have a sweet nutty flavor and were formerly much used for food
by the Indians. Forms of this species from Washington have been mistaken for Carum
kelloggii, Carum oreganum, and Eulophus bolanderi.

CICUTA. WATER HEMLOCK.

YUN GOMME a hago set: as cage nn sabe ecg s enwedinnee ease eae ses 3. C. occidentalis.
Fruit orbicular.
Leaflets thickish, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, closely and sharply

serrate or even cleft, strongly reticulate beneath..............- 1. C. douglasii.
Leaflets thinner, linear-lanceolate, not so closely or sharply serrate,
not atrongly reticulate beneath. .......022.00255 cece sc cece ces 2. C. vagans.

1. Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 95. 1900.

tSium ¢douglasii DC. Prod. 4: 125. 1830.

Cicuta purpurata Greene, Pittonia, 2: 8. 1889.

Type Locauity: “In America boreali occid.”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: In marshes from Oregon to Alaska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Straits of De Fuca, Scouler; Yakima Canty Henderson, July,
August, 1892; confluence of Columbia, Douglas; Clealum, Greene, August 14, 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Cicuta vagans Greene, Pittonia 2: 9. 1889.
Type Loca.ity: In an estuary of Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho. Collected by Greene.
Rance: In wet places and marshes, from northeastern California to Idaho, British Colum-
bia, and Vancouver Island.

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PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 427

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4069; Sumas, Henderson 373; Olympia, Hen-
derson 373; Nisqually Valley, Allen 255; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July, September, 1883;
Kitsap County, Piper 640; Puyallup Reservation, Brodie, September, 1900; Chambers
Lake, Henderson, August 23, 1892; Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1192; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey,
September 18, 1901; Waitsburg, Horner 620, 574; Clallam County, Elmer 2761.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

The characters used to differentiate this from the preceding are admittedly not very
satisfactory. Good series of specimens may demonstrate them to be illusive.

3. Cicuta occidentalis Greene, Pittonia 2: 7. 1889.

Type Loca.ity: Trinidad, Colo., ‘near the New Mexican line.”
_ Ranoce: In the Rocky Mountain region, from the Black Hills of South Dakota to Wash-
ington, and southward through Colorado and northern Nevada to New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 3516; Pullman, Piper, August 23, 1897, 3512;
Spokane, Kreager 555; Meyer’s Falls, Kreager 503.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

The three foregoing species appear in Suksdorf’s list under the names C. virosa L., C.
maculata L., and C. californica A. Gray, for which they were formerly mistaken.

ZIZIA.

1. Zizia cordata (Walt.) Koch; DC. Prod. 4: 100. 1830.

Smyrnium cordatum Walt. Fl. Car. 114. 1788.

Thaspium trifoliatum apterum A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 156. 1856.

Tyre Locatity: None mentioned, but Carolina by implication.

RancGE: From eastern Canada to North Carolina and Alabama and extending westward
to Assiniboia, Alberta, Washington, and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Crab Creek, Suksdorf 316; Wilbur, Henderson 2516; Hangman
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 46; Pullman, Elmer 890; Piper 1557; Lake & Hull 534.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

LEIBERGIA.

1. Leibergia orogenioides Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 575. pl. 27. 1896.

Type Loca.iry: ‘Santianne Creek bottoms, Coeur d’Alene Mountains, Idaho, altitude
950 meters.’’ Collected by Leiberg.

Rance: Wet ground, along streams, Idaho and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf (the distributed specimens cultivated
at Bingen, no. 1211).

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

A related and undescribed species is represented by imperfect specimens collected by
Suksdorf between Cottonwood and Cheney (no. 314, June 14, 1884).

OENANTHE.

1. Oenanthe sarmentosa Presl.; DC. Prod. 4: 138. 1830. WATER PARSLEY.

Type Locaity: ‘‘ Nootka Sound,” Vancouver Island. Collected by Haenke.

Range: From British Columbia to central California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Montesano, Heller
3985; Seattle, Piper 632; Tacoma, Flett 147; Sumas, Lyall; Port Ludlow, Binns, July 25,
1890; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 35; Wind River, Flett 1300; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 57; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June 1892; without locality; Vasey 303; Gray’s
Harbor, Wilkes Expedition; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2762.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

OENANTHE CALIFORNICA S. Wats. has been reported from Washington and it is listed
by Suksdorf, but it is quite certain that it does not occur so far north.

428 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
LILAEOPSIS.

1. Lilaeopsis occidentalis Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 24: 48. 1897.

Type Loca.ity: “Wet places on coast of Yaquina Bay, Oregon.” Collected by Hall.

RANGE: Coast region from Oregon to British Columbia and southern-Alaska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 2759; Smith 642; Whidby Island, Gardner 129;
Lake Washington, Suksdorf 972; Oyhut, hoa 1272; Fidalgo City, Flett 2113; Clallam
County, Elmer 2767; Shoalwater Bay, Henderson.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

This species was formerly considered the same as the Atlantic coast plant L. lineata
(Michx.) Greene (Cranizia lineata Nutt.).

BERULA.

1. Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 115. 1893.

Sium erectum Huds. Fl. Angl. 103. 1762.

Sium angustifolium L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 1672. 1763.

Berula angustifolia Mert. & Koch in Réhling, Deutsch]. Fl. ed. 3. 2: 433. 1826.

Tyre Locatity: Not given, but presumably England.

RanGE: In swamps and streams, Ontario to Texas, westward to British Columbia and
California, and extending into Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Tacoma, Fleti 221, September, 1896; Wilbur, Henderson;
Spokane, Piper 2850; Elmer, September, 1897; Valley, Beattie & Chapman 2163.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

LIGUSTICUM.
Stems naked, the leaves mostly basal; flowers purplish...............- 4. L. purpureum
Stems leafy; flowers white.
Bruit asetely siliied, not winged... <5 ©... J055050054-sserasnaedses 1. L. apiifolium.
Fruit winged.
Inflorescence glabrous; leaflets confluent............-.-.-.... 2. L. canbyji.
Inflorescence puberulent; leaflets distinct.........-.-....--.. 3. L. leibergi.

1. Ligusticum apiifolium (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 347. 1868.

Cynapium apiifolium Nutt.; Torr. Gr. Fl. 1: 641. 1840.

Type Loca.ity: “Plains of Oregon, near the confluence of the Wahlamet.” Collected
by Nuttall.

Rance: Oregon and Washington west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3973; Chehalis County, Lamb 1756; Olymple:
Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Columbia River, Nuttall; Cape Horn,
Piper 4914

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Ligusticum canbyi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 86. 1888.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Low grounds near head waters of Jocko River, Montana.” Collected
by Canby.

Rance: In the mountains of northwestern Montana, northern Idaho, eastern Wash-
ington, and adjacent British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892.

8. Ligusticum leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 134. 1900.
Type Locauity: “Traille River Basin, Kootenai County, Idaho.”’ Collected by Leiberg.
Rance: Idaho and eastern Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2427; Horner 308; Latah Creek, Suksdorf
1199.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

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1‘ eens PST IE RTT : ;

x

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 429

LigustTicuM TENUIFOLIUM S. Wats. was included in Suksdorf’s list on the basis of the
Suksdorf specimen above cited.

4. Ligusticum purpureum Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 137. 1900.

Type Locatity: “Goat Mountains, Washington.’”’ Collected by Allen.

Rance: Cascade Mountains of Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2009, August, 1895; Allen 259; near Mount
Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 706; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 581.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

Related to the above species, but apparently distinct, are the following specimens: Mount
Rainier, Piper 629; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 731; Whited 1464; Wenache Moun-
tains, Cotton 1685; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 288. Better material is needed to clear
up the matter.

Lieusticum scoruicum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 250. 1753. Type locality, ‘Ad litora Maris in
Anglia, Suecia.”” Range, salt marshes along the east coast from Labrador (and up the
St. Lawrence) to Connecticut; along the entire Alaskan coast; also coasts of northern Asia
and Europe. “Mouth of the Columbia,” according to Hooker, basing on Douglas.a ‘‘ Not
rare along coast at Shoalwater Bay,” according to A. Gray, basing on Cooper.b The
species is common on the Alaskan coast, but there are no specimens preserved in American
herbaria to show that it occurs on the Washington coast.

- GLEHNIA.

1. Glehnia littoralis (A. Gray) Schmidt, Mem. Acad. Petrop. VII. 127: 138. 1868, as
syn.; Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 165. 1900.

Cymopterus littoralis A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 127: 62. 1860.

Phellopterus littoralis Schmidt, Mem. Acad. Petrop. VII. 12? : 138. 1868.

Type Loca.ity: “On the sands of the seashore at Shoalwater Bay,’’ Washington. Col-
lected by Cooper.

RanGeE: Sandy seashores from Oregon to Alaska; also in Korea and Japan.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1249; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Whidby Island,
Gardner 138; Clallam County, Elmer 2768; Hwacn, Piper 5002.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition:

PTERYXIA.

Zeaves with pale rigid segmenta. 2... 2 0. 62.02 oe 5 nc cece ctuncceces 1. P. terebinthina.
Leaves greener with segments not rigid.....-............-..----.--- 2. P. foeniculacea.”

1. Pteryxia terebinthina (Hook.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 171. 1900.
_ Selinum terebinthinum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 266. pl. 95. 1834.

Cymopterus terebinthinus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 624. 1840.

Pteryxia terebinthacea Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 624. 1840, as synonym.

Type Loca.iry: ‘Sandy grounds of the Wallawallah River, North-West coast of America.”’
Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Dry ground, eastern Oregon and eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley.
Suksdorf 129; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 317; Atanum River, Flett 1295; Pasco, Hindshaw,
May, 1896; Piper 2980; Henderson, May, 1892; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898;
Walla Walla region, Brandegee 803; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg
230; Moxee to North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 39; Prosser, Cotton 1080; Rock Creek,
Cotton 957.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

aFl. Bor. Am. 1; 265. 1834. b Pac. R. R. Rep. 12?: 62. 1860.

ee a

430 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. Pteryxia foeniculacea (Torr. & Gr.) Nutt.; Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb.
7: 171. 1900.

Cymopterus foeniculaceus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 624. 1840.

Type Locauiry: “On rocks, Blue Mountains of Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and adjacent Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 305; Piper 2340; Tukanon River, Lake &
Hull 535; Almota, Piper 2795; Wawawai, Elmer 770; without locality, Vasey 309%; Clarks
Springs, Spokane County, Areager 119.

ZONAL pDisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

HESPEROGENIA.

1. Hesperogenia stricklandi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 5: 203. 1899.
Type Locaivy: “ Mount Rainier, Washington.’”’ Collected by Allen.
Rance: Mount Rainier, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 278; Flett, August, 1897; Strickland in 1896.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

OROGENIA.

1. Orogenia linearifolia S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 120. pl. 14. figs. 1 to 3. 1871.
Tyre Locaity: “Damp shaded ridge of the Wahsatch, north of Parley’s Park, 7,500
feet altitude,’’ Utah. Collected by Watson.
Rance: From Washington and Idaho to Oregon, Utah, and southwestern Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf in 1882; east of the Cascade Mountains,
Wilkes Expedition.
SIUM.

1. Sium cicutaefolium Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 558. 1798.

Sium lineare Michx. Fl}. 1: 167. 1803.

Sium pusillum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 611. 1840.

Tyre Locatiry: Not determined.

Rance: In swamps from Newfoundland to Virginia, west to British Columbia and
northern California. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas, Lyall in 1858-59; Seattle, Piper, September, 1892;
Tacoma, Flett 144, 220; Lindsley’s ranch, Clarke County, Henderson 375, Trout Lake,
Suksdorf 185; Spokane County, Suksdorf 922; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 17, 1901;
Pullman, Piper; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 536; Toppenish, Cotton 768.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

COELOPLEURUM.

Eeanots obtuse, very tiiek: oic..0'. e222 yayases cr wa nea ras et we eenre 1. C. maritimum.
Leaflets acute or acaminate, thinner... 05 2..<22405 eosin eee lee sess 2. C. longipes.

1. Coelopleurum maritimum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 145. 1888.

Typre Locauity: ‘‘ Wet ocean bluffs, Long Beach, Ilwaco (Pacific County), Wash.’’ Col-
lected by Henderson.

RanGeE: Ocean bluffs near the mouth of the Columbia River.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ilwaco, Henderson, September, 1892; Piper 4995.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Coelopleurum longipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 142. 1900.

Type Locauity: “Tide marshes near Astoria, Oregon.’’ Collected by Howell.

RANGE: Seacoast swamps, from the Columbia River to southern Alaska.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 567; Tacoma, Piper; Union City, Piper in 1890;
Fairhaven, Suksdorf 1200; Hoodsport, Henderson, August 15, 1890.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Formerly confused with the more northern, larger-fruited C. gmelini (DC.) Ledeb.

Eee eee le ee ee

a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 431

HYDROCOTYLE.

1. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Suppl. 177. 1781.

Type Locauity: “ Mexico.”’

Rance: Eastern Pennsylvania to Florida, thence westward to Texas, California, and
Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 639; Tacoma, Flett 225; O’Briens, King County,
Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

CORNACEAE. Docwoop Famity.

Flowers perfect in cymes, either loose or head-like...........-.-.-.-.-------- Cornus.
SR Sp Were OCU INUD IE ORROR: ) 62 Wir ces ne dae ae ee se andes ve = ase meee GaARRYA.
CORNUS.

Flowers in loose cymes, not involucrate; fruit white or blue.
Cyme branches hairy; leaves loosely pubescent beneath... ..-. -- - 1. C. occidentalis.
Cyme branches glabrous; leaves appressed-pubescent beneath. . - - - 2. C. stolonifera.

Flowers in head-like cymes, surrounded by a conspicuous involucre; fruit
red.

Tree, 10 to 20 m. high; bracts 4 to 8 em. long....-.....-.-..--.--- 3. O. nuttallii.

Herbaceous, 8 to 20 cm. high; bracts 1 to 2 em. long............- 4. OC. canadensis.

1. Cornus occidentalis (Torr. & Gr.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 117. 1893.

Cornus pubescens Nutt. Sylva. 3: 54. 1849.

Cornus sericea ? occidentalis Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 652. 1840.

Type Locatity: “N. W. coast, Douglas, Mr. Tolmie! Dr. Scouler!”’

Rance: British Columbia to north California, east to Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3857; Whidby Island, Gardner 139; Seattle,
Piper 262, July 10, 1895, July 4, 1897; Silverton, Bouck 91; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Spokane, Piper 2692; Clarks Springs, Kreager 50, 571; Clallam County,
Elmer 2699; Valley, Beattie & Chapman 2156.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

CorNUS DRUMMONDII Meyer, as recorded in Cooper’s Report,is doubtless the above
species.

2. Cornus stolonifera Michx. Fl. 1:92. 1803. RED OSIER.
Type Locauity: “Hab. ad ripas amniumque rivorumque Canadae et Novae Angliae.”’
Rance: New Brunswick to Alaska, south to Virginia, and in the mountains to Califor-

nia and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 205, 1135; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897;

Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Mabton, Cotton 368; west Klickitat County, Suks-

dorf; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August 8, 1892; New London, Lamb 1169; Sprague,

Sandberg & Leiberg 151; Spokane, Henderson, June 12, 1892; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull,

August 25, 1892; Walla Walla, Mrs. L. P. Anderson; Pullman, Elmer 840; Piper 2648;

Wawawai, Piper, June 9, 1894; Lake & Hull 440; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896;

Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

CorNUS BAILEY! Coult. & Evans has twice been reported from Washington. In each case
the specimens are, in our opinion, really (. stolonifera.

3. Cornus nuttallii Audubon; Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: 652. 1840. Doawoop.
Type Loca.ity: Oregon.
Rance: British Columbia to California, west of the Cascade Mountains, and in north

Idaho. '

432 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-59; Seattle, Piper 113; upper Valley

Nisqually, Allen 208; Railroad Creek, Elmer in 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Clallam County, Elmer 2698; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 225.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. ;

This species very commonly blossoms a second time in the fall, when the fruit from the
spring flowers is ripe. These fall flowers are often pink-tinged.

4. Cornus canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 118. 1753.

Type cocauity: ‘In Canada.”

Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to California, Colorado, Minnesota, and
New Jersey.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ilwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892; Silverton, Bouck 89;
Mount Rainier, Flett 293; Piper; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 776; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall; ‘Columbia River, frequent,’’ Douglas; Entiat Creek, Mrs. Howe;
Big Meadows, Kreager 423; Lake Kalispel, Kreager, July 3, 1902; without locality, Vasey
in 1889; Ilwaco, Peper 4950.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

Cornus suecica var. § Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 277. “Fort Vancouver on the Columbia.
Dr. Scouler.’’ The above reference is all the evidence we have of the occurrence of this
species in Washington. It is probable that the specimen is merely a form of C. canadensis L,

GARRYA.

1. Garrya fremontii Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 136. 1857.

Tyre Locauitry: “On the Upper Sacramento, above the Great Canon.” Collected by
Fremont.

Rance: Middle California to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wind River, Fett 1211.

Garrya ELLIPTICA Douglas is included by Suksdorf in his list, but there are no speci-
mens to substantiate its occurrence in Washington.

PYROLACEAE. Pyroua Famity.

Pig wars Gpusary | Wyle WON. 6s ace. nse s eee watescnedeetewe ces ese unk MonesEs.
Flowers not solitary.
Inflorescetice a .corymb; style short... -....5.6.cc00csscesesecccoesss CHIMAPHILA,
Inflorescence a raceme; styles mostly Jong............-.-.---.----- PyROLA.
MONESES.

1. Moneses uniflora (lL.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 1: 273. 1848.

Pyrola uniflora L. Sp. Pl. 1: 397. 1753.

Moneses grandiflora S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 403. 1821.

Moneses reticulata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 271. 1843.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in Europae borealis sylvis.”

RanGeE: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Pennsylvania, Colorado, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Humptulips, Lamb 1084a; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 67;
Silverton, Bouck 127; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 949; Skamania County,
Suksdorf 2243; Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1888; Big Meadows, Kreager 413; Ilwaco,
Piper 5023.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

CHIMAPHILA.

Flowers many; leaves cuneate-oblanceolate, numerous..........-.-.--- 1. C. umbellata.
Flowers few; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, few............------- 2. C. menziesii.

4
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——————E

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 433

1. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. Gen. 1: 274. 1818.

Pyrola umbellata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753.

Chimaphila corymbosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 300. 1814.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae, Asiae and Americae septentrionalis sylvis.”

Rance: British Columbia to Canada; southward to Mexico and Georgia. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution; Henderson, July 4, 1892; near Skagit Pass,
Lake & Hull 564; Fort Vancouver; Wenache Valley, Sandberg & Leiberg 565; head of
Twisp River, Whited 189; without locality, Vasey 372; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2471;
Davis ranch, Kreager 179.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

2. Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 317. 1825. ©

Pyrola menziesii R. Br.; D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 5: 245. 1824.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in Americae ora boreali-occidentali.”’

Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen 103; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Flett 1215; Mount Stuart,
Sandberg & Leiberg 569; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 39; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, Octo-
ber 5, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July 4, 1892; Mount Carlton, Kreager 284.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

PYROLA.
Style straight.
eaves orbicular; style very short .....:-.....-.+------.--.-. 1. P. minor.
heates ovate; style long= sc crsie'Jes -cacm bse hase waGease tive ces 2. P. secunda.

Style curved downward.
Green leaves none, or very rudimentary.

PIO WOM TOO cao dots cae teases Satan ded co oes oes eles 3. P. aphylla.

Flowers white ...... aoe eee ee od color mee eee mas ea 5a. P. picta integra.
Green leaves present.

Calyx lobes obtuse, very short; flowers greenish ..........- 4. P. chlorantha.

Calyx lobes acute.
Flowers white or whitish.

Veins of leaves white-bordered ...........-..---- 5. P. picta:
. Veins of leaves not white-bordered.
Leaves spatulate-oblong, not glaucous... ... - 5a. P. picta dentata.
Leaves Ovite, Claucous soot co tiaes cw escise 5b. P. picta integra.
Flowers red or pink. ;
Leaves coriaceous, shiny, acute...............-.- 6. P. bracteata.
Leaves thin:-dull: obtuse.24 -25 cso ee ee eo eens. 7. P. incarnata.

1. Pyrola minor L. Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753.

Type Locauity: ‘ Habitat in Europa frigidiore.”’

Rance: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Oregon, New Mexico, and New England.
Europe. Asia. “

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 2036; Wenache Region, Brandegee
9484; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 715; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, July, 1886; Fort
Vancouver, Garry; Davis ranch, Kreager 208.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

2. Pyrola secunda L. Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753.
iver Locaity: ‘ Habitat in Europae borealis sylvis.”
oo: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Virginia, Michigan, New Mexico, and Cali-
fornia. Europe. Asia.

29418—06 M 28

434 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2046; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 637; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 26,
1892; Vancouver, May, 1826; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 727; Cascade Mountains to Col-
ville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality,
Vasey 369; Clallam County, Elmer 2468; Davis ranch, Kreager 180; Big Meadows,
Stevens County, Kreager, August 5, 1902; Kalispel Valley, Kreager in 1902.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

3. Pyrola aphylla Smith, Rees’ Cyc]. 29: n.-7. 1814.

Purola aphylla paucifolia Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 425. 1901. a

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Gathered on the west coast of North America.” Collected by Menzies,
at Nootka Sound according to Don.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 190; Seattle, Piper 142; Tacoma, Fett
115; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1886; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 622;
Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1892; without locality, Vasey 371; Kalispel Lake,
Kreager 341.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

4. Pyrola chlorantha Sw. Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1810: 190. pl. 5. 1810.

Tyre Locauity: Carlsberg, near Stockholm, Sweden...

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to Oregon, Colorado, Nebraska, itt
Virginia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Island County, Henderson 2416; Whidby Island, Gardner 191;
Nisqually Valley, Allen, July 21, 1894; Wenache Region, Brandegee 948; Klickitat River,
Suksdorf 158; Mount Adams, Flett 1212; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 542; Blue Mountains,
Lake & Hull 769; without locality, Vasey 367; Davis ranch, Spokane County, Kreager 207.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Transition.

5. Pyrola picta Smith, Rees’ Cycl 29: n. 8. 1814.

Type Locaity. ‘Found on the west coast of North America.” Collected by Menzies,
whose specimens, Hooker states, are from Nootka Sound.

Rance: Vancouver Island to California, Wyoming, and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 2036; Mount Adams, Flett 1216;
Baldy Peak, Lamb 1293; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Nason Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg 620; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; without locality, Vasey
370; Seattle, Piper in 1888.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5a. Pyrola picta dentata (Smith).

Pyrola dentata Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 29: n. 6. 1814.

Type Locauity: ‘“‘Gathered by Mr. Menzies on the west coast of North America,” at
Nootka, according to Don.

RANGE:

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Union City, Piper 935; Mount Elinor, Mason County,
Jennie V. Getty in 1902; Clallam County, Elmer; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 336.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

5b. Pyrola picta integra (A. Gray).

Pyrola dentata integra A. Gray; Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12?: 54. 1860.

Pyrola pallida Greene, Pittonia 4: 39. 1899.

Pyrola sparsifolia Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitschs, 12: 26. 1906.

Type Locatity: ‘On high wooded hills, east of Mount Adams.”

Rance: Washington to southern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, Howell 332; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 440;
Cascade Mountains, Cooper in 1853; Valley, Beattie & Chapman 2277.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 435

6. Pyrola bracteata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 47. 1834.
. Pyrola rotundifolia bracteata A. Gray in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 460. 1876.

Type Locauity: ‘“N. W. Coast.” Collected by Scouler.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; Skokomish River,
Henderson, June 15, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen 68; Mount Rainier, Piper 2048; Mount
Adams, Flett 1213; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf’ 1546 in part; Fish Lake, Chelan County,
A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1900; Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Big Meadows,
Stevens County, Kreager, August 5, 1902; Blue Monntens, Piper, July 15, 1896; Clallam
County, Elmer 2465.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

7. Pyrola incarnata (DC.) Fisch.; DC. Prod. 7: 773. 1839, as synonym.

Pyrola rotundifolia incarnata DC. Prod. 7: 773. 1839.

_ Pyrola elata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 270. 1843.

Type Locatity: “In Dahuria.”’

Rance: Alaska to New England and Oregon. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 2760; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 614; Railroad
Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Twisp River, Whited 219; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull,
August 25, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1546 in part; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hult 565;
Yakima County, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Big Meadow, Stevens County, Kreager, August 6,
1902; Davis ranch, Kreager 182.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

One of Lyall’s specimens, which has been considered to be P. elliptica Nutt., is probably
a form of P. incarnata. We have seen no satisfactory evidence that P. elliptica occurs
west of the Rocky Mountains.

MONOTROPACEAE. INDIAN Pier Famity.
Ovary 4 or 5-celled.

Corolla: wanting; Towers spicate .. 2. <2 4 << cecies crsaageccecesce ALLOTROPA.
Corolla present; flowers solitary or racemose.
PWOWONS MOUCREY a ie une wag avec ames es OW Ea been eae eras Monorropa.
Flowers racemose.
Corolla polypetalous, deciduous. .........-.--...------- Hypoprirys.
Corolla gamopetalous, persistent............------------ PTEROSPORA.
Ovary 1-celled. :
Calyx of 4 or 5 lacerate sepals; petals similar: ............--..--- PLEURICOSPORA.
Calyx of 2 entire sepals; corolla tubular. ..............--.-.-.--- HeEMITOMEs.
ALLOTROPA.

1. Allotropa virgata Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 6%: 80, 81. 1857.
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Cascade Mountains of northern Oregon.” Collected by Pickering.
Rance: Washington to California from the Cascades and Sierras to the coast.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 478; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July 27, 1892;
Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 631; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2470. '
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. .

PTEROSPORA.

1. Pterospora andromedea Nutt. Gen. 1: 269. 1818.
Type Loca.ity: ‘In Upper Canada near the Falls of Niagara.”’
Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward to California and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull,
August 24, 1892; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1859; Loon Lake, Winston; Lake Wenache,

436 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Sandberg & Leiberg 632; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey
375; Clallam County, Elmer 2462; Clarks Springs, Kreager 125.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

MONOTROPA.

1. Monotropa uniflora L. Sp. Pl. 1: 387. 1753. INDIAN PIPE.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Marilandia, Virginia, Canada.”

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California and Florida. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie, Parker, July 25, 1892; upper Nisqually River,
' Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Silverton, Bouck; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 78; without locality, Vasey 376; Clallam County, Elmer 2436;
Kalispel Lake, Kreager 348.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

HYPOPITYS.

1. Hypopitys hypopitys (L.) Small, Mem. Torr. Club. 4: 137. 1894.

Monotropa hypopitys L. Sp. Pl. 1: 387. 1753.

Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Sueciae, Germaniae, Angliae, Canadae sylvis. Parasitica
radicum.”

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, southward to Arizona and Florida.
Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 238; Piper 2045; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1297;
Wilkeson, Flett 32; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 199; Cascade Mountaifis to Colville,
Lyall in 1860; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, October 5,11892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf;
Yakima Pass, Watson 261a; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 623; Clallam County, Elmer
2464.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, Canadian.

PLEURICOSPORA.

1. Pleuricospora fimbriolata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 369. 1868.

Type Locauity: “In or near the Mariposa Sequoia gigantea Grove,” California.

Rance: California to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green River Hot Springs, Piper, July, 1888; Skamania County,
Suksdorf, July 25, 1886.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

HEMITOMES.

1. Hemitomes congestum A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 6°: 80. 1855.

Newberrya Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 8: 55. 1867.

Type Loca.ity: “Upper Des Chutes Valley,” Oregon. Collected by Newberry.

Rance: Western Washington, western Oregon, and northern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Tacoma, Fett, October 2, 1897; Snoqualmie, Miss Parker,
August 1, 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 987; Seattle, Tarleton in 1894; Mount Elinor,
Jennie V . Getty, August, 1902; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 19, 1892 and 2168; with-
out locality, Geo. Gibbs; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 339.

Doctor Gray referred the Gibbs specimen to Newberrya spicata A. Gray in the original
description, but the specimen seems to us to be N. congesta.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

ERICACEAE. Hearuer F amity.

Fruit a berry or drupe.
Calyx becoming large and fleshy; bark not red.....-....-- GAULTHERIA (p. 441).
Calyx small; bark red.

—- <a

Ma 2k |

Ce ora ee

ae en a ey

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 437
Tree; berry many-seeded.........-.-.-.---------- ARBUTUS (p. 437).
Shrub; drupe 5 to 10-seeded.........-.-.-.-.-.... ARCTOSTAPHYLOS (p. 437).

Fruit a dry capsule.
‘ Anther cells each tipped with a recurved awn.
Leaves opposite; style long, slender.............--- CassIorPE (p. 438).
Leaves alternate; style short, stout....-..........- HaARRIMANELLA (p. 439).
Anther cells not appendaged.
Corolla gamopetalous.
Bracts firm, persistent; no scaly leaf-buds.

Leaves heath-like; corolla without pouches. PHyLLopoce (p.439).
Leaves lanceolate; corolla with 10 pouches,

which hold the anthers. ..-.......-..--- Katia (p. 439).
Bracts thin, deciduous; leaf-buds scaly.
Corolla funnel form, 5-lobed...........-..- RHODODENDRON (p. 440).
Corolla globose, 4-toothed ......-...-.---- MENziEsIA (p. 440).
Corolla choripetalous; bracts deciduous.
Flowers white, umbelled; leaves evergreen. . . -. - Lepum (p. 440).
Flowers coppery, solitary; leaves deciduous. . - - - CLADOTHAMNUs (p. 442).
ARBUTUS.
1. Arbutus menziesii Pursh, Fl. 1: 282. 1814. -MADRONA.

Type Locauiry: “On the northwest coast ef America.’’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia to California along the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mat Mats Bay, Binns; Seattle, Piper in 1888.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Not uncommon, especially on the bluffs along Puget Sound, and in similar situations
where the trees receive abundant light.

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS.
Pent GOTAEL 10, 2 OLOES DION os ors. sane n inci cea eeg bases csae ace sees 1. A. tomentosa.
Prostrate creeping shrubs.
Paes POL RE CIM sos eo clos Ccig sh <n eo Sacienemmee erence see's 2. A. wva-ursi.
Denves CUSMURLe Gb ODOR. 2255 505s 52s kon fdas dke ac voce Soi 3. A. nevadens‘s.

1. Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Dougl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1791. 1836.
; MANZANITA. .

Arbutus tomentosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 282. 1814.

Type Locauity: “On the North-west Coast of America.”’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: Western Washington to California and Arizona. 5

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett, April 20, 1896; McNeils Island, Flett, June, 1895;
Mason County, Piper 898; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 985, 660; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2473; Vancouver, Piper, Septem-
ber, 1902; Vancouver, Piper 4936.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid transition.

Hooker @ recognizes two forms of this species A. tomentosa hispida and A. tomentosa
nuda, the former with hispid, the latter with smooth branchlets. The first form is appar-
ently typical A. tomentosa. < ;

2. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 287. 1825. KINNIKINNICK.
Arbutus uva-ursi L. Sp. Pl. 1: 395. 1753.
Type Locatity: “Habitat in Europa frigida, Canada.”’
Rance: Arctic regions, southward to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and California.
Europe. Asia.

a Fl. Bor. Am. 2:37. 1834.

9 4
438 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 65; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2058; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Loomis, Elmer 585;
Conconully, Whited 1324; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyal? in 1860;
Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896, May 8, 1898; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 69;
without locality, Cooper; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2474; Spokane, Kreager 170; near
Delight, Cotton 998.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian.

3. Arctostaphylos nevadensis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 27. 1878.

Type Loca.iry: “Sierra Nevada, California, common at 8-10000 feet.”

Rance: Washington to California in the Cascades and Sierras.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Stampede Tunnel,
Henderson, June 20, 1892; near Longmire Springs, Piper 2047; upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen 110; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 12, 1886; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 548;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 7, 1886; Roslyn, Whited 357; without locality, Vasey
379.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS MEDIA Greene, Pittonia 2: 171. 1891 Type locality: “On dry gravelly
ground in Mason County,’’ Washington. Collected by Piper. Range: Western Washing-
ton. Specimens examined: Port Orchard, Patterson; near Union City, Piper 899 (type).
This plant is unquestionably a hybrid between A. uva-ursi and A. tomentosa. It occurs
sparingly and only where both of the parents are abundant.

CASSIOPE. elds

Leaves with a deep dorsal furrow.......-.....-.---.---------eeee- 1. C. tetragona.
Eeaves: not doreblly TUetOwees oles de. bos ooo isind oun paws mee dcas 2. C. mertensiana.

4

1. Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17; 158. 1834.

Andromeda tetragona L. Sp. Pl. 1: 393. 1753.

Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicis.”

Rance: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Washington [Oregon?] and Hudson Bay.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Loomis, Elmer,
August, 1897.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Cassiope mertensiana (Bong.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 829. 1834.

Andromeda mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 152. 1832.

Andromeda cupressina Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 30. 1838

Type Locauity: Sitka, Alaska.

Rance: Alaska to California. °

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2184; J. M. Grant; Cascade Mountains
to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Silverton, Bouck 124; Mount Rainier, Flett 302; Allen 202;
Piper 2053; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1109; Mount davis, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 714; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 563.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

Cassiope Lycopopiomwes D. Don is included in Suksdorf’s list, but the species is not
known south of Alasa.

Ol OOOO Ee a ey ae

ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, *- 439

HARRIMANELLA. ALASKA’ HEATHER.

1. Harrimanella stelleriana (Pall.) Coville, Proc. pet sige Wash. 3: ies 1901.

Andrumeda stelleriana Pall. Fl. Ross. 12: 58. 1788."

Cassiope stelleriana-DC. Prod. 7?: 611. 1839.

Type Locatiry: Kamtschatka.

Rance: Alaska to Mount Rainier. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 203; Flett 233; Pier 2050, August, 1895;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 686.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian ee Arctic.

PHYLLODOCE.

Corolla ovoid, yellowish. - . .. - pinata a uke a6 mann bie isten halts gmaee eid 1. P. glanduliflora.
MENG ORUIDARUIBEG) TOES «5 occ o ox So ecco setae eddies cbeneess vet 2. P. empetriformis.

1. Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Hook.) Coville, Mazama 1: 196. 1897.

Menziesia glanduliflora Hook.. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 40. 1834.

Bryanthus glanduliflorus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 368. 1868.

Type Locatiry: “Mountains north of Smoking River, Lat. 56°.’’ Collected by Drum-
mond.

Rance: Sitka to Montane and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; “Mount Rainier, Flett
299; Piper 2052; Allen, July 20, 1892; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 945; Mount Adams,
Sukedorf 434; Parry & Suksdorf, September 8, 1880; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hui’,
August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 870.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

2. Phyllodoce empetriformis (Smith) D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 160. 1834.

Menziesia empetriformis Smith, Linn. Trans. 10: 380. 1811.

Bryanthus empetriformis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 367. 1868.

Type Locauiry: “On the west coast of North America.’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant 22; Silverton, Bouck 123; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2043; Paradise Valley, Flett 298; Goat Moupiaing, Allen 104; Baldy Peak,
Lamb 1354; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg,
August, 1893; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Fish Lake, Dunn; Loomis,
Elmer 573; Howaslios Basin, Lake & Hull 562; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 668;
Entiat River, Mrs. Howe; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2478.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian.

KALMIA.

1. Kalmia glauca Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 64. 1789.
Kalmia glauca rosmarinifolia Pursh, Fl. 1: 296. 1814.
Type LocaLity: Newfoundland.
Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to California, the Great Lakes, and New Jersey.
SPECIMENS. EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 135; Piper in 1885; Tacoma, [lett 27; Nisqually
Valley, Allen 4; Ilwaco, Piper 4949.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

la. Kalmia glauca microphylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 41. 1834.
Kalmia microphylla Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 581. 1898.
TyPE Locaxity: “Swamps in the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Drummond.
Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2080; Allen 96; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
& Leiberg 718; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1103; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 771.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

440 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

RHODODENDRON.
Leaves evergreen; inflorescence terminal; flowers pink. ............. 1. R. californicum.
Leaves deciduous; inflorescence lateral; flowers white ......-.....-.. 2. R. albiflorum.

1. Rhododendron californicum Hook. Bot. Mag. 11: pl. 4863. 1855.

Rhododendron macrophyllum G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 843. 1834.

Type Loca.itry: “From the mountains of California.’

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 193; Mat Mats Bay, Binns, June 2,
1890; Goat Mountains, Allen, June, 1893; Seattle, Piper; near Union, City, Piper; Clal-
lam County, Elmer 2475. .

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

This species is closely related to the eastern R. maximum L., to which Hooker once
referred our plant.

2. Rhododendron albiflorum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 43. 1834.

Cladothamnus campanulatus Greene, Erythea 3: 65. 1895.

Tyre voca.ity: “Alpine woods of the Rocky Mts.” Collected by Drummond.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 387; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Mount Rainier, Piper 2049; Allen 216, 309a; Mount Adams, Suks-
dorf 435; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Lei-
berg, August, 1893; head of Twisp River, Whited 209; Bridge Creek, Elmer 712; Nason
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 663; without locality, Vasey 365; Clallam County, Elmer 2461.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

MENZIESIA.

1. Menziesia ferruginea Smith, Ic. Pl. 3: pl. 56. 1791.

Menziesia urceolaris Salisb. Par. Lond. pl. 44. 1806.

Menziesia glabella A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: 39. 1878.

Tyre tocauiry: “In Americae borealis tractu occidentali copiosissime crescit.” Col-
lected by Menzies.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2186, 2185; J. M. Grant in 1889;
Mason County, Piper 1079; Montesano, Heller 3868; Hoquiam, Lamb 1015; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Silverton, Bouck 121; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 3; Mount Adams, Flett 1214; Suksdorf 587; Skamania County, Suks-
dorf, August 10, 1889; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 727; Stampede Tunnel, Hender-
son 2418; Watson 254; Markham, Lamb 1115; without locality, Cooper; Mount Carlton,
Kreager 272; Uwaco, Piper 4991.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian to Hiadennean:

The characters relied upon by Doctor Gray to distinguish M. glabella break down
completely.

LEDUM.
Leaves oval or oblong, not revolute-margined........-.-..-------- 1. L. glandulosum.
Leaves lanceolate, the margins revolute.
Rusty-tomentose beneath. .........--.--.------------------- 2. L. groenlandicum.
ams DOUEIS fo 5 io os ds a grees Coo heads _ 3. L. columbianum.

1. Ledum glandulosum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 270. 1843.
Tyre Loca.ity: “In the central chain of the Rocky Mountains on the sides of mountains
which close up Thornburg’s ravine.”’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: British Columbia to California and Wyoming.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 574; near hake Chelan, Gorman 583, 768.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

PIPER—-FLORA’ OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 441

2. Ledum groenlandicum Oeder, Fl. Dan. 4: pl. 567. 1770. LABRADOR TEA.

Ledum latifolium Jacq. Coll. 2: 308. 1788. :

Type Loca.ity: “In Groenlandia.”’

.Ranee: Alaska to Greenland, southward to New Jersey, Wisconsin, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Fairhaven, Suksdorf 986; Admi-
ralty Head, 0. Piper, May, 1898; Whidby Island, Gardner 194; Seattle, Piper 137; Tacoma,
Flett 219.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Ledum columbianum sp. nov.

Erect with erect branches, 60 to 90cm. high; bark becoming smooth and Eber leaves
oblong, reticulate, 4 to 6 cm. long, rather obtuse but apiculate, strongly revolute, dark green
and glabrous above, whitish and resinous-dotted beneath, the midrib and short petiole
minutely puberulent as well; corymbs terminal, convex, 3 to 5 cm. broad; pedicels slender,
_ puberulent and resinous-dotted, recurved in fruit, 1.5 to 3 cm. long; lobes of the calyx very
small, broadly rounded; petals white, oval, 5 to 6 mm. long, obtuse; stamens 5 to 7, the
filaments sparsely hirsute at base; ovary minutely canescent and resinous-dotted; capsules
oblong, acutish.

Collected by the writer in a sphagnum bog at Ilwaco, Pacific County, June 22, 1904 (no.
6451). The type is deposited in the U.S. National Herbarium. Also collected at Clatsop,
Oreg., by Coville, September, 1, 1898 (no. 869).

This species is-nearest related to L. groenlandicum, from which it may at once be distin-
guished by the absence of the tomentose pubescence. In this respect it resembles L. glan-
dulosum alone, but the capsule characters are those of the former species. Its zonal
position is apparently Humid Transition.

GAULTHERIA.
Corolla urceolate, filaments hairy; shrub 1 to 2 meters high............. 1. @. shallon.
Corolla campanulate; filaments glabrous; shrubs 5 to 20 em. high.
Leaves ovate or subcordate, 2 to 4 cm. long. . ..- PAB OLAS ae, EE 2. @. ovatifolia.
Leaves-oval about: J om. long... <5 25. bn chee ow sec cc cc cig 3. G. humifusa.
1. Gaultheria shallon Pursh, Fl. 1: 283. 1814. SALAL.

Type Locauity: ‘On the falls of the Columbia [i. e. Celilo] and near the Western Ocean”
[mouth of Columbia]. Collected by Lewis.

Rance: British Columbia to Central California west of the.Cascades and Sierras.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3870; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 102; Yakima Pass, Watson 251; Skamania County, Suksdorf
1540; without locality, Vasey 381; without locality, Cooper; Olympic Mountains, Elmer
2477; Seattle, Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Gaultheria ovatifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 85. 1883.

Type Locatity: “Wooded banks of streams and cafions of the Cascade Mountains,
borders of British Columbia, Washington Territory, and N. Oregon.’’

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and North Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2187; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 101a; Mount Rainier, Piper 2055; Flett
250; Mount Aegan Suksdorf 154; Stampede Tunnel, Heide son: June 25, October 4, 1892:
Valine Pass, Watson 252; Goose Lake, Flett 1218; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1860:
without locality, Vasey 380; Box Canyon, Pend Oreille River, Kreager 398.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

3. Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 300. 1900.

Vaccinium humifusum Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 1831 (Apr.-Oct.): 193. 1831.
Gaultheria myrsinites Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 35. t. 129. 1834.

442 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type Locaity: Type raised from seed collected by Drummond in the Rocky Mountains
of British America.

Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2044; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 153;
Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 706.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

CLADOTHAMNUWS.

1. Cladothamnus pyrolaefiorus Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 155. t. 1. 1832.
Tolmiea occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 45. 1834.
Type Locatity: Sitka, Alaska.
Rance: Alaska to Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Baldy Peak,
Lamb 1368.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

VACCINIACEAE. Buvepserry Faminy.

Erect shrubs; corolla cylindric or urceolate.............-...--------- VACCINIUM.
Trailing vines; corolla deeply 4-cleft, the lobes spreading ............-.- Oxycoccus.

VACCINIUM. BLUEBERRY.

Leaves evergreen; filaments MATEY: 5G occ sevas ae oe ators ea eee 1. V. ovatum.
Leaves deciduous; filaments glabrous.
_ Flowers in clusters of 2to4; corolla mostly 4-lobed; calyx deeply

4 or 5-parted.
Leaves thick, prominently veiny, obtuse or retuse........ - 2. V. uliginosum.
Leaves thinner, obscurely veiny, obtuse or acute - ..-.. 3./V. occidentcle.

Flowerssolitary; corollas mostly 5-lobed; calyx checurely Iobed.
Low shrubs, less than one-half meter high.
Branches sharply angled; berries red or wine-color.... 4. V. scoparium.
Branches terete; berries blue with a bloom.
Leaves rather thin, bright green on both sides;

corolla ovate or Chleng: Se aS wae en skear Dh ¥ SERCO
Leaves thicker, pale and “plancescent: eorolls
globose -. PIPER ER OE ES Hh Mar
Taller shrubs 1 to 3 moaters ‘hight.””
Leaves serrate; berries blackish without bloom ....... 7. V. macrophyllum.
Leaves entire.
Berries blue with a bloom .............-.-.-.-.- 8. V. ovalifolium.
Berrigt $60 22.600 oscb de geevtcecdeaepeicss> ooo 9 Va Paronae:

1. Vaccinium ovatum Pursh, F]. 1: 290. 1814.

Type Locauity: “On the Columbia River.’”’ Collected by Lewis, the exact spot Nate
Clatsop near Astoria, Oregon.

RanGE: British Columbia to California, west of the Cascades and Sierras.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3942; Grays Harbor City, Lamb 1037; Olym-
pia, Henderson, May, August, 1892; Admiralty Head, 0. Piper, April 24, 1898; near Lake
Washington, Suksdorf 984; Seattle, Suksdorf 984; Port Ludlow, Binns; Tacoma, Flett
59; without. locality, Cooper.

- ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Very variable as to fruit, being black and shiny or blue and peso The berries vary
likewise in flavor and texture.

-PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 443

2. Vaccinium uliginosum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 350. 1753.
Type Locatiry: “Habitat in Sueciae borealibus et alpinis, uliginosis.”’
Rance: Arctic regions, southward to Oregon, Lake Superior, and New York. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892.

' ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

3. Vaccinium occidentale A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 451. 1876.

Tyre Locatity: ‘Sierra Nevada at 6000 or 7000 feet, from Mariposa to Sierra Co.,’’
California. “Mountains of Utah.”

Rance: Washington to Idaho, southward to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, Howell 330; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, August,
1886; White Salmon, Suksdorf 1878; Signal Peak, Henderson: August 13, 1892.

Fowas DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

4. Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg, Mazama 1: 196. 1897.

Vaccinium myrtillus microphyllum Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 33. 1834.

Vaccinium microphyllum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 251. 1897, not Reinw. 1826.

Type tocatiry: “Alpine woods near the Height of Land and Columbia Portage.”’ Col-
lected by Drummond.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Sclewka:

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2054; Goat Mountains, Allen 219; moun-
tains north of Ellensburg, Whited 765; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1241; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1175; Big Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg &
Leiberg 741; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian.

5. Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. Fl. 1: 234. 1803.
Vaccinium caespitosum cuneifolium Nutt.; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 24. 1878.
Vaccinium caespitosum arbuscula A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 24. 1878.
Type Locatity: “In borealibus Americae, praesertim circa sinum Hudsonis.”
Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California, Colorado, and New England.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Union City, Piper 1078; Humptulips, Lamb 1188; Segua-

liche Lake, Piper 269; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 717; Simcoe Mountains, J. Howell, June,
1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 584; Columbia Plains, Nuttall ; Lake Wenache, Sandberg &
Leiberg 635; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 78; Pullman, Piper 1720; Elmer 183;
without locality, Vasey 382.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

6. Vaccinium deliciosum Piper, Mazama 2: 103. 1901.

Type LocaLity: Mount Rainier, Washington.

Rance: Cascade and Olympic Mountains, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall ; Mount Rainier, Allen 217; Piper 2056; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 12,
1892; Suksdorf 585, 198; Stevens Pass Sandberg & Leiberg 746; Olympic Mountains,
Elmer 2460.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

7. Vaccinium macrophyllum (Hook.).

Vaccinium myrtilloides macrophylla Hook. F1. Bor. “Am. 2: 32. 1834.

Vaceinium membranaceum Doug].; Hook. loc. cit., as synonym.

Type Locatity: ‘“N. W. Coast.”’ Collected by Meneses.

Rance: British Columbia and Oregon to Lake Superior.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains; J. M. Grant-in 1889; Gaseads Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Skagit Pass, Lake, August 24, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper
2057; Allen 218; Mount Gene: Suksdorf 77 and July 13, 1886; Flett 1217; Wenache
Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 688; head of Twisp River, Whited, July 19, 1896; Stevens Pass,

\

444, CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Sandberg & Leiberg 744; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, June 20, 1892; above Lake Chelan,
Lake & Hull 561; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; without locality, Vasey 385;
Kreager 233.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian mainly.

The form in the Blue Mountains and the Bitterroots tends to have the leaves pale or
glaucous beneath. This seems to be V. globulare Rydberg, but we do not deem it distinct
enough to be worthy of nomenclatorial recognition.

8. Vaccinium ovalifolium Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 36: no. 2. 1817.

Tyre vocatity: “Brought by Mr. Menzies from the west coast of North America,”. _

RanGe: Alaska to Lake Superior and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 220a, 220; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 152; Big Creek prairies, Lamb
1410; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, June, October, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg &
Leiberg 786; Skamania County, August 10, 1886; without locality, Vasey 384; Stevens
Pass, Whited 1455.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

9. Vaccinium parvifolium Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 36: no. 3. 1817. ReD HUCKLEBERRY.
Tyre vocatity: ‘Gathered by Mr. Menzies on the west coast of North America.”
Rance: Alaska to California west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1016; Grays Harbor City, Lamb 1214; Monte-
sano, Hellér 3869; Admiralty Head, 0. Piper, April 3, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns, May 15,
1890; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck; Tacoma, Fett 40;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 71; Yakima Pass, Watson 250; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 586;
Vancouver, Suksdorf 151; without locality, Cooper; Clallam County, Elmer 2459; Fort Van-
couver, Douglas, Scouler.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

OXYCOCCUS.

1. Oxycoccus oxycoccus intermedius (A. Gray). WESTERN CRANBERRY.
Vaccinium oxycoceus intermedium A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2!: 396. 1886.
Tyre Locauity: ‘Washington Territory and N. Oregon.” Collected by Suksdorf and
by Henderson.
Rance: British Columbia to northern Idaho and western Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, May, 1891; Tacoma, Flett 224; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf; mouth of Columbia, Douglas.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

«

PRIMULACEAE. Primrose Faminy.

Stems short; leaves in a basal rosette.
Corolla lobes reflexed; stamens exserted.....-.-.---------- DopEcATHEON (p. 445).
Corolla salverform; stamens included..............---- 1... Doverasta (p: 447).
Stems leafy; corolla rotate or wanting.
Flowers sessile or nearly so, solitary-axillary.
Corolla none; capsule dehiscent by valves; leaves

sorely OPOOMIOOS. 5. ose ck a va bee ee ae Coca oon 38 Graux (p. 447).
Corolla present; capsule circumscissile; leaves usually
SUMMING Side as sa eres eee eas ceene ees CrenTUNCULUs (p. 447).
Flowers not solitary-axillary or if so long-petioled.
Leaves clustered near the summit of the stem .....-..-- TRIENTALIS (p. 447).
Leaves opposite not clustered.
Flowers solitary-axillary; leaves not punctate... -.- . STEIRONEMA (p. 448).

Flowers in axillary spikes; leaves punctate .-.-...- NaumBurRaIA (p. 448);

a si.

ee a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 445

DODECATHEON. SHOOTING sTaR.

Capsule dehiscing by valves from the apex.
Filaments united into a yellow tube half as long as the

anthers.
DEED MMDIOUS:. oi. cs 55 oy areca wry aectienns oh _.. 1. D. vulgare.
mabiant puberulent.....0s 25-2 te cote twice pee. 2. D. puberulum.
Filaments free.
Flowers white; leaves dentate ..........--..--- 3. D. dentatum.
Flowers purple; leaves entire ............-..--- 4. D. campestre.
Capsule circumscissile; filaments free or nearly so, black.
Flowers normally tetramerous ........-.-.-.-.----- 5. D. tetrandrum.
Flowers normally pentamerous.
Herbage viscid-puberulent .........-.-.---- ... 6. D. viscidum.
Herbage glabrous.
Capsules ovate.
Leaves broadly elliptic to obovate ....- - 7. D. latifolium.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, crenate .....- 9. D. jeffreyi.
Capsules cylindric.
Leaves spatulate-oblong, obtuse ....... 8. D. conjugens.
Leaves lanceolate, acute..........-.--- 8a. D. conjugens leptophyllum.

1. Dodecatheon vulgare (Hook.)

Dodecatheon integrifolium Michx. err. det. Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 118. 1838.

Dodecatheon integrifolium vulgare Hook. ). ¢.

Dodecatheon meadia pauciflorum Durand, Pl. Pratt. 95. 1855.

Dodecatheon pauciflorum Greene, Pittonia 2: 72. 1890..

Type Locauity: ““Woody country of the Hudson’s Bay territories to Carlton House
Fort, and in prairies of the Rocky Mountains.”

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 201; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1893;
Orcas Island, Lyall in 1859; Pullman, Piper 1730; Elmer 174; Toppenish, Cotton 1137.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Dodecatheon puberulum (Nutt.)

Dodecatheon meadia puberula Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. '7: 48. 1834.

Dodecatheon cusickii Greene, Pittonia 2: 73. 1890.

Dodecatheon puberulentum Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 311. 1897.

Tyre Locauity: “ Near the borders of Flathead river.”

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Pasco, Hindshaw 5;
Spangle, Piper, May 24, 1898; Spokane, Nelson 2880; Piper, May 16, 1896; Waitsburg,
Horner 117; Kamiak Butte, Moore, June 4, 1893; Pullman, Piper 1814, 1730; Elmer 174;
Almota, Piper 1793; White Salmon, Suksdorf 280; Wenache, Whited 1018; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 357.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

The types of meadia puberula and puberulentum are identical, the whole plant excepting
the blades being puberulent. The type of cusickii has the whole herbage puberulent, but
otherwise is the same. Both forms occur together and thus the difference seems of no value.

8. Dodecatheon dentatum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838.

Dodecatheon meadia latilobum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 58. 1878.

Type Locatity: ‘N. W. interior.’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 438; Brandegee 956; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Icicle Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 558; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4974.

446 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

4. Dodecatheon campestre Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 432. 1901.

¢ Dodecatheon integrifolium minus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838.

Type Locauity: “In prairies on the Klickitat Hills, Klickitat Co., Washington.” -

RanGeE: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 290; Fort Colville, Lyall;
plains of the Columbia River, Nuttall.

This is the species to which Nuttall first applied the herbarium name of ellipticum, but in
describing what he thought to be Nuttall’s D. ellipticum, Durand really described the plant
later named D. patulum Greene.

5. Dodecatheon tetrandrum Suksdorf, Erythea 3: 40. 1895.
Tyre vocauitry: Chiquash Mountains, Washington.
RanGe: Washington and Oregon. "
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 998; Mount Adams, Suksdorf’
August 7, 1885; Skamania County, August 11, 1886, Suksdorf.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

6. Dodecatheon viscidum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 43. 1901.
Type Loca.ity: “Ten miles west of Spangle,”’ Washington.
Rance: Eastern Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Piper 3542; ten miles west of Spangle, Piper 2832.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Dodecatheon latifolium (Hook.)
Dodecatheon integrifolium latifolium Hook. F1. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838.
Dodecatheon hendersoni A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 2: 232. 1886.
Tyre Locauity: “Dry banks about Fort Vancouver on the Columbia.”
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 200; Tacoma, Flett 91.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

8. Dodecatheon conjugens Greene, Erythea 3: 40. 1895.

Tyre vocauity: ‘On dry hills near Helena, Montana.”

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 289; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
160; Ellensburg, Whited 280; Waitsburg, Horner 116; Pullman, Piper 2017; Moore 1731;
Elmer 175; Klickitat Hills, Howell 1942; Gorman, April, 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. =~

8a. Dodecatheon conjugens leptophyllum (Suksdorf).
Dodecatheon hendersoni leptophyllum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900.
Tyre Loca.ity: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington.
RanGE: Eastern Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2202; near Mount Adams, Fett 1210;
' Okanogan County, Whited 57.

9. Dodecatheon jeffreyi Van Houtte, Fl. de Serres 16: 99. 1865.

Dodecatheon viviparum Greene, Erythea 3: 38. 1895.

Dodecatheon crenatum Greene, Pittonia 2: 74. 1890.

Type Locatity: ‘‘ Montagnes-Rocheuses.”

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2223; Mount Rainier, Greene in 1890,
Piper 2102; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1357; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 455; Stevens Pass, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 713. or

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 447

The illustration in the Flora de Serres seems to be exactly the plant common in the Bitter-
root Mountains, of Idaho, so far as one may judge from the flowering plant alone. The
Cascade Mountains plant (D. viviparum) differs only in having the leaves obscurely crenate
instead of entire or denticulate. The capsule characters are the same in both

DOUGLASIA.

Leaves canescent with FOP KOO Hains ce See, strat eee ak ey ne 1. D. dentata.
beares Siaproue Or Nearly 80.7. 56s ce siec ack Soak Rlow oe En cpacas. 2 ves 2. D. laevigata.

1. Douglasia dentata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 375. 1882.

Douglasia nivalis dentata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2 1: 399. 1886.

Androsace dieckiana Haussk. Mitt. des Bot. Ver. fiir gesammt-Thuringen 1890: 22. 1890.

Type Loca.ity: ‘On a dry ridge above Peshastin Cafion,” Washington. Collected by
Watson.

Rance: In the Wenache region, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1230; Sandberg & Leiberg 545; Wenache
Mountains, Whited in 1896; Wenache Region, Brandegee 952; Yakima Region, Brandegee;
Peshastin Canyon, Watson 264; Kittitas County, Henderson 2365; Clealum, Henderson in
1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

2. Douglasia laevigata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 105. 1880.

Type LocaLity: Mount Hood, Oregon. Collected by Howell.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Flett 804; Henderson
July, 1890, 2366; J. M. Grant in 1889; Elmer 2801; Goat Mountains, Allen 187.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

Dovetasia NIVALIs Lindl., listed by Suksdorf, is not known west of the Rocky Mountains.
GLAU.

1. Glaux maritima L. Sp. Pl. 1: 207. 1753.

Tyre LocaLity: Europe.

Rance: Sea coasts, California to Alaska and New England to Greenland. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson, June 25, 1892; Whidby Island, Gardner
199; Seattle, Piper; Whatcom County, Suksdorf 989; without locality, Cooper.

The last three specimens are referable to G. maritima obtusifolia Fernald,@ differing from
the species in its more erect habit, simple or sparingly branched stems, and broader leaves.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. |

CENTUNCULUS.

1. Centunculus minimus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 116. 1753.
Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Italiae, Galliac, Scaniae arenosis.”’
Rance: Washington to Illinois, south to Florida and Texas. South America. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June, 1880; Spokane, Piper 2765;
Silver Lake, Henderson, July 13, 1892; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 322.
ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

TRIENTALIS. Srar FLOWER.

Leaves crowded near the summit of the stem........-..- ream el area 1. T. latifolia.
Leaves scattered along the stem; bog plant................-.--.--.----- 2.7. arctica.

1. Trientalis latifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1838.
Trientalis europaea latifolia Torr. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 118. 1860.

a Rhodora 4: 215. 1902.

448 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. |

Type Locauity: ‘About Fort Vancouver. Wallawallah River.”’ Collected by Tolmie.

RanGE: Vancouver Island to North California and the Blue Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3880; Hoquiam, Lamb 1051; San Juan Island,
Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 150; Tacoma, Flett 11; Olympia, Henderson, May 25, 1892;
Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 10, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 22; Silverton,
Bouck 137; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 650; lower Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf,
May 30, 1886;-Roslyn, Whited 412; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Blue
Mountains, Horner 52; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

In Cooper’s Report @ this plant was referred to as 7. europaea.

2. Trientalis arctica Fisch.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1838.
Trientalis europea arctica Ledeb. F]. Ross. 3: 25. 1847. :

Type Loca.ity: “Western shore and islands, from Sandy Bay, in Clarence Straits, to
Unalaschka.”

Rance: Alaska to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2799; Whidby Island, Gardner 198;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1859; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 20; Tacoma, Flett 317; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1528; ilwaco,
Henderson; Piper 5022; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 733; Blue Mountains, Piper,
July, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

STEIRONEMA.

1. Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf. Ann. Gen. Phys. 7: 192. 1820.

Lysimachia ciliata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 147. 1753.

Type Locauity: Habitat in Virginia, Canada.

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Mexico and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1424; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859;
White Salmon, Suksdorf 443; along Methow River, Whited 177; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull
456; Pend Oreille River, Kreager, August, 1802; Clarks Springs, Kreager 131; Spokane,
Kreager 546; Piper, September, 1896; Henderson, July 9, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1729;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mabton, Cotton 751.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION; /.rid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

NAUMBURGIA.

1. Naumburgia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby in DC. Prod. 8: 60. 1844.

Naumburgia guttatta Moench, Meth. Suppl. 23. 1802.

Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. Sp. Pl. 1: 147. 1753.

Type Locatity: Europe. rf

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Whatcom
County, Gardner 407; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 442; Toppenish, Henderson 2425; junction
Crab and Wilson Creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 250; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 685.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. .

PRIMULA HORNEMANNIANA Lehm. is said to have been collected at Fort Vancouver by
Garry. This is evidently an error, as the species is not known to occur west of the Rocky
Mountains.

@ Page 66. b Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1832.

a ih ii i i

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 449

PLUMBAGINACEAE.
STATICE. '
ee Btatios armeria L. Sp. Pl. 1: 274. 1753. THRIFT.

Armeria vulgaris Willd. Enum. 333. 1809.

Type Looauity: “Habitat in Europae Americae septentrionalis campis.”

RanaGeE: Subarctic regions, south to California and Labrador.. South America. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 196; Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896;
Roy, -Allen, May 13, 1889; Yelm Prairie, Piper; Stuart Island, Lawrence 201; Port Crescent,
Lawrence 260.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

OLEACEAE.
FRAXINUS.

1. Fraxinus oregana Nutt. Sylva 3: 59. pl. 99. 1849. OREGON ASH.
Fraxinus oregana riparia Nutt. loc. cit.
TyPE Looa.iry: ‘in the Oregon territory.”” ‘We never saw it above the first falls of
the Oregon.’”’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: British Columbia to California, in the coast region.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, June, 1892; Satsop, Heller 4024; White Salmon

" Suksdorf 445.

A common tree in the river valleys of western Washington.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

GENTIANACEAE, Gentian Famiry.

Style filiform, usually deciduous; anthers eee to linear, ne

twisting or curving with age.....-.....- Lea . CENTAURION (p. 449).
Style stout and persistent or none; E sauhents remaining etme
Corolla funnelform or bell-shaped, without glands............ GeENTIANA (p. 450).
Corolla rotate, with a fringed glandular spot on carly ‘Doe. ---- FRASERA (p. 451).
CENTAURION.
Basal leaves in a Posettes Introduced). s-2-< 50. cle te eee: ...-. 1. @. centaurium.
Basal leaves not in rosettes.
Pedicels slender, much longer than the flowers.........-..- ffeae a 2. C. exaltata.
Pedicels mostly shorter than the flowers. -.......-..-....------ 3.C. muehlenbergii.

1. Centaurion centaurium (L.) W. F. Wight.
Gentiana centaurium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 229. 1753.
Erythraea centaurium Pers. Syn. 1: 283. 1805.
Type Loca.ity: Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Kincaid, “hie 4, 1896; Yesler, Hindshaw, July, 1897.

«

2. Centaurion exaltatum (Griseb.) W. F. Wight.

Crcendia exaltata Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 69. 1838.

Erythraea douglasii A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1. 480. 1876.

Erythraea exaltata Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 150. 1893.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Between the Kettle Falls, and ‘ Narrows’ of the Columbia River.”
Collected by Douglas.

RanGE; Eastern Washington to California and Utah.

29418—06 M 29

pees i y's
. Sy rA

450 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chelan, Elmer 497, Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 957; Vrosser,
Cotton 658; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 665.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

3. Centaurion muehlenbergii (Griseb.) W. F. Wight.
Erythraea muehlenbergii Griseb. Gen. & Sp. Gent. 146. 1839.
Erythraea curvistaminea Wittrock, Erythr. Exsice. 2: 21. 1885.
Type cocauity: “California.” Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 2649, 1622; Henderson 2272; Falcon Valley,

Suksdorf, August 4, 1893.

‘
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

GENTIANA. GenTIAN.

Annual; corolla without appendages in the sinuses.........-.-.-.-.---.- 1. G. acuta,
Perennial; corolla with appendages in the sinuses.
Uppermost pair of leaves forming an involucre about the 1 to 3 flowers. 2. G@. calycosa.
Uppermost leaves not involucrate.

Cofolls: anpemaeeee @ntite. ... 5.3.0 5c ccwsice ces caninsceducetsts 3. G. sceptrum,
Corolla appendages laciniately cleft. 4
Calyx lobes oblong to ovate-lanceolate........- eee 4. G. oregana,
Calyx lobes linear to narrowly lanceolate... ...........-.---- 5. G. affinis.

1. Gentiana acuta Michx. Fl. 1: 177. 1803.

Gentiana amarella acuta Herder, Act. Hort. Petrop. 1: 428. 1872.

Gentiana anisosepala Greene, Pittonia 3: 309. 1898.

Amarella anisosepala Greene, Leaflets 1: 53. 1904.

Amarella macounii Greene, op. cit. 54.

Type vocauity: “In altis montibus Carolinae et in Canada, prope Tadoussack.”’

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Maine, Minnesota, New Mexico, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Padden Lake, Suksdorf 990; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in
1859; Whidby Island, Gardner 202; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2111; East Sound, Henderson,
July 3, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Gentiana calycosa Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 58. ¢. 146. 1838.

Gentiana calycosa stricta Griseb. loc. cit.

Gentiana gormani Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 446. 1901.

Tyre Loca.ity: “Mt. Rainier,’’ Washington. Collected by Tolmie.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2224; Elmer 2727; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2113; Allen 93; Baldy Peak, Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1332; Mount Adams, Hen-
derson 33 and August 8, 1892; Suksdorf in 1878; Bridge Creek, Elmer 714; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake & Hull 551; Gorman 757 (type collection of Gentiana gormani Howell).

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

In Lyall’s report this species was confused with the Rocky Mountains G. parry, Engelm.

3. Gentiana sceptrum Griseb. in Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 57. 1838.

Type Locauity: ‘“Plentiful in low moist soil near Fort Vancouver,’ Washington.
Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chambers Lake, Henderson, August 23, 1892, between Union
City and Shelton, Piper in 1890; Segualiche Lake, Piper in 1887; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie;
liwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

ER OST LT

ter

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 451

4. Gentiana oregana Engelm.; A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2!: 122. 1878.

Gentiana affinis ovata A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 483. 1876, not G. ovata F. G. Dietr.Vollst.
Lexik. Gaertn. Nachtr. 3: 458. 1815-21.

Type Locauity: “ From near San Francisco.’”’ Collected by Bolander.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Pend Dreille River, Lyall in
1861; Spokane County, Suksdorf 937; Cheney, Mrs. Gusta Tucker im 1890; Pullman,
Piper 1623; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Davis Ranch, Spokane County, Kreager
304; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 564.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Gentiana affinis Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 56. 1838. *
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Carlton House to Edmonton House.”’ Collected by Drummond.
Rance: British Columbia to Minnesota, south to California and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parrotts Post-office, Hull 552; Spokane County, Suksdorf 938;
Mission, Kreager 489.
ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transiton.
“ Abundant in mountain valleys, between Spokane and Kettle Falls, in alluvial deposits.”
Douglas, according to Hooker.

GENTIANA DOUGLASIANA PATENS Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 60. 1838. Near Fort
Vancouver, Garry, according to Hooker. If the plant really occurs in Washington it has
not at any rate been-seen since. It has been collected at Port Renfrew, Vancouver
Island, by Rosendah! & Brand.

FRASERA.

Plants 1 to 2 meters tall; leaves marginless.

Corolla blue-purple, a single gland on each lobe. ........-.-.--- 1. F. fastigiata.

Corolla greenish, two glands on each lobe......-.-.-.-.-.-.------- 2. F. speciosa.
Plants about 4 meter tall; leaves with firm white margins.

Whole plagt finely pubescent. 52.0.3... 3.6. Bes eee tesco tac 3 3. F. albicaulis.

PROS IBD PU DPOUN ss 5 cet orae.e honk ou. rde.n ee Oho hac Uedense tee 4. F. nitida.

1. Frasera fastigiata (Pursh) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 312. 1897.
Swertia fastigiata Pursh, Fl. 1: 101. 1814.
Frasera thyrsiflora Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 3: 288. 1851.
Frasera carolinensis Walt. err. det. Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 66. 1838.
Type Locaity: ‘On the Missouri Flats near the Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by

Lewis. The Lewis specimen in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Science is

ticketed: ‘‘In moist places on the Squamash Flats,” that is, Weippe, Idaho. The plant
does not occur on the Missouri, Pursh’s note being doubtless an error.

Rance: Northern Idaho and adjacent Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 939; Henderson 2211; Rockford,
Piper; Palouse, Henderson, July 15, 1892; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 802;. Piper, July 20, 1899.

According to Hooker also collected by Douglas, in “‘mountain valleys, Spokane and
Kettle Falls.”

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

This species is really an inhabitant of rather dry pine woods. At ‘‘Quamash Flats”
the plant occurs only at the very margins of the moist meadows, but it is abundant in
the pine woods adjoining.

2. Frasera speciosa Dougl.; Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 66, t. 153. 1838.

Type vocaity: ‘On the low hills near Spokan and Salmon Rivers and subalpine parts
of the Blue Mountains, near the Kooskooka River.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: East Washington to Wyoming, south to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches River, Henderson, June, 1892.

452 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Frasera albicaulis Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 67. 1838.

Type Locauity: “In the mountain vallies between Spokan and Kettle Falls,’’ Wash-
ington. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Eastérn Oregon and eastern Washington to western Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2695; between Coulee City and Waterville,
Spillman, May, 1896; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 186; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg, |
June, 1893; Henderson, July 9, 1892; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Henderson, May 30, 4
1892: Spokane County, Suksdorf 389; Spangle, Piper 3035; Pullman, Elmer 823; Hull,
June, 1892; Piper 1619: without locality, Vasey 426. j

ZONAL DistriBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Frasera nitida Benth. Pl. Hartw. 322. 1849. :
Tyre Locauiry: ‘In montibus Sacramento,” California. Collected by Hartweg. aa
Rance: California to Klickitat County, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 40; Klickitat River, Flett 1023. |

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4
MENYANTHACEAE. :

Leave trifoliolate; corolla lobes fimbriate .................-... MENYANTHEs.
Leaves simple, reniform; corolla lobes entire... .......-...-.... NEPHROPHYLLIDIUM. :
MENYANTHES. a
é - 3 4
1. Menyaathes trifoliata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 145. 1753. Buck BEAN. _ 3

Tyre Locatity: Europe.

Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and California. 4
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 203; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma,
Flett 33; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Davis Lake, Kreager, August 9, q
1902; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; “
Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 39. 3

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.
NEPHROPHYLLIDIUM.

1. Nephrophyllidium crista-galli (Menzies) Gilg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen-
fam. 47: 106. 1895. DEER CABBAGE.
Menyanthes crista-galli Menzies; Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 45. pl. 24. 1830.
Tyre vocauity: “In marshy pastures in Prince William’s Sound, ” Alaska.

Rance: Alaska to Washington near the coast.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wreck Creek Prairie, south of Granville, Conard 360.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

APOCYNACEAE.
APOCYNUM.

Corolla lobes spreading or recurved; leaves ovate.
Leaves glabrous.

Tall; leaves ovate or oval... .......-..---- 1. A. androsaemifolium.
Low;. leaves orbicular-ovate ..........-.--- la: A. androsaemifolium pumilum.
Leaves puberulent, orbicular-ovate ......-....-- 1b. A. androsaemifolium detonsum.
Corolla lobes erect; leaves oval or oblong.
Calyx and bracts ciliolate............---.----- 2. A. ciliolatum.
Calyx and bracts entire.
Cymes large, many-flowered............--- 3. A. cannabinum. f

Cymes small, few-flowered...-....-..---.- 4. A. suksdorfii.

, Pe ae. te ee fee

-PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 453

1. Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 213. 1753.

Type Locauity: ‘In Virginia, Canada.”

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Arizona and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1897; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 550; Wenache,
Whited 1423. °

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

la. Apocynum androsaemifolium pumilum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 83. 1878.

Type Locauity: ‘California to British Columbia.”’

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1620, 3508; Hull in 1892; Peshastin, Sandiers
& Leiberg 475; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf in 1886; Loon Lake, Winston, tule 20, 1899;
Clarks Springs, Kreager 89; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; without locality, Wilkes Rope.
dition 422; Clealum Lake, Cotton 858.

Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

1b. Apocynum androsaemifolium detonsum subsp. nov.
Like the preceding, but the whole plant clothed with a short dense pubescence. Type
specimen collected in eastern Washington by G. R. Vasey (no. 429) in 1889. ;

2. Apocynum ciliolatum sp. nov.

Stems erect, very leafy, branched above, 60 to 70 cm. high, glabrous; leaves elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate, puberulent on both sides, 4 to 7 em. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, nearly sessile ;
panicle ample, rather loose, its branches erect, glabrous; bracts lanceolate, ciliate; pedicels

pubescent; calyx lobes deltoid, acute, erect, ciliolate, shorter than the corolla tube; corolla

pink, 5 mm. long, the erect lanceolate acutish ciliolate lobes as long as the tube,which is
nearly glabrous within.

Collected at Wawawai, Washington, July 17, 1892, Lake & Hull, no. 549.

A near ally of A. cannabinum L., but distinct from any described species in its ciliolate
calyx and corolla.

38. Apocynum cannabinum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 213. 1753. INDIAN HEMP.
. Type Loca.ity: “In Canada, Virginia.”
. Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia south to Florida and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Peshastin, Sandberg & Lei-
berg 591; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

4. Apocynum suksdorfii Greene, Pittonia 5: 65. 1902.

¢ Apocynum cannabinum glaberrimum A. DC. Prod. 8: 439. 1844.

Tyre Locatity: “Sandy banks of the Columbia River.” Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1522;
Ophir, Elmer 507; Wawawai, Piper 1621 aid August 24, 1894; Columbia Valley, Lyall in
1860; Waitsburg, Horner 335B.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

ASCLEPIADACEAE.
ASCLEPIAS. MiLkweep.
Leaves linear or lanceolste, glabrous; follicles smooth.............-.-.. 2. A. mexicana.
Leaves oval or oblong, white-tomentose; follicles warty. ........-..-.--- 1. A. speciosa.

1. Asclepias speciosa Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 218. 1823.
Type Locaity: ‘On the Canadian?”? Collected by James.
Rance: Washington to California and Arkansas.

454 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Egbert Springs,

Sandberg & Leiberg 379; without locality, Vasey 428; Wenache, Whited 68; Ellensburg,
Whited 489; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 555; Waitsburg,
Horner 404; Almota, Piper 1868; Pullman, Elmer 899; Piper 1625; Mission, Kreager,
August 20, 1902.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Asciepias mexicana Cav. Ic. 1: 42. 1791.

_Asclepias fascicularis Dec. in DC. Prod. 8: 569. 1844.

Type Locauity: ‘Habitat prope Mexico.”

Rance: Washington to California, Arizona, and Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tampico, Flett 1025; Fort Simcoe, Henderson; Spokane, Sand-
berg, August, 1892; Dewart, July 15, 1901; Wawawai, Piper 2664; Horner 664.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

CONVOLVULACEAE.

CONVOLVULUS. Morninc-ciory.

Calyx without bracts; leaves glabrous................-.-.--- 3. C. arvensis.
Calyx inclosed by two large bracts. .
Deaves rentiortn, Seat y so yc 5s acca naadeee cs ecaa aes 1. C. soldanella.
Leaves triangular-sagittate, not fleshy............-.....- 2. C. sepium americanus.

1. Convolvulus soldanella L. Sp. Pl. 1: 159. 1753.

Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Angliae, Frisiae littoribus maris.”’

Rance: Washington to California on the seashore. Europe. .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 219; Copalis, Lamb 1257; Shoalwater
Bay, Cooper; Ocosta, Henderson in 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4999.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Convolvulus sepium americanus Sims, Bot. Mag. 19: pl. 732. 1804.
Type Locatity: America.
RanGeE: Washington to Canada and Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 14, 1886; Henderson; Klickitat

River, Flett 1022; Ophir, Elmer 607; Almota, Piper, August 9, 1896; Wawawel: Piper .

1694.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

3. Convolvulus arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 153. 1753.
TypPE Loca.ity: Europe. \
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 525. A troublesome weed becoming wide-
spread. It has been noted at Pullman, Walla Walla, Garfield, and Edwall.

CUSCUTACEAE.

CUSCUTA. Dopper.

Stigmas filiform; corolla scales crenulate. :
Calyx lobes not keeled; corolla lobes triangular, acute.. 1. C. epithymum.
Calyx lobes keeled; corolla lobes ovate, obtuse ......... 2. C. planiflora.
Stigmas capitate; corolla scales fringed. :
Capsule pointed.
Flowers subsessile; dry corolla not enveloping the
CODSUICL o> 27. cea cence det es sereck ene oan te 3. C. squamigera.
Flowers pedicelled; dry corolla enveloping the cap-
BUS hanes ee a cate Sera gee see ti ees 4. C. indecora.

sil

a

4
!
|
|

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 455

Capsule globose.

Flowers sessile; style shorter than the ovary. .-.-.-.- 5. C. arvensis.

Flowers pedicelled. , .
Stems coarse; calyx lobes obtuse............-- 6. C. cephalanthi.
Stems fine; calyx lobes acute........-------- ,- 7. €@. californica.

1. Cuscuta epithymum Murr.; L. Syst. ed. 13; 140. 1774.
Tyrer Locatity: None given, but European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vashon Island, Gardner 210; Seattle, Piper.

2. Cuscuta planifiora Tenore, Fl. Nap. 3: 250. 1824-29.

Type Locatity: Near Naples, Italy.

Rance: Introduced in the western United States.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Entiat, Mr. Grover in 1898.

That this species is perfectly distinct from C. epithymum has clearly been demonstrated
_ by the studies of Mr. F. H. Hillman.

8. Cuscuta squamigera (Engelm.).

Ouscuta californica squamigera Engelm. Trans. St. L. Acad. 1: 499. 1859.

Cuscuta subinclusa abbreviata Engelm. op. cit. 500. 1859.

Cuscuta salina Engelm. in A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 536. 1876.

Type Locaity: ‘Saline soil in the Rio Virgen, Utah, on Suaeda.”’

Rance: British Columbia to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Angeles, Piper, September 1, 1895; Port Ludlow, Binns;
Coupeville, Gardner 218; Seattle, Piper in 1889; Shelton, Pow Nagin 10, 1899; Tacoma,
Flett 77.

In Cooper’s report this species was called C. wmbrosa Beyrich.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Cuscuta indecora Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneva 9: 278. 1841.

Type Locauity: “Hab. Mexicam ad Matamoras.”

Rance: Washington to California, eastward to Illinois and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner, October 5, 1893, on alfalfa and prickly
lettuce.

5. Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich; Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 77. 1838.

‘ Type Locauity: “N. W. America.”’ Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Washington to New York, southward to California and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner, on alfalfa, October 5, 1893.

5a. Cuscuta arvensis calycina Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 1: 495. 1859.

TypE LOCALITY: Texas. *

In the original description Engelmann includes Geyer’s no. 674, collected at the “mouth of
the Walla Walla River, on the muddy borders, infesting the stems of Xanthium microcarpon,
September.’’ We have not seen this specimen nor do we know the plant.

6. Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. 43: 336. 1842.
Cuscuta tenuiflora Engelm.; A. Gray, Man. 350. 1848.
‘Type Locauity: ‘Near St. Louis,’’ Missouri.
Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, southward to Arizona, Texas, and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ophir, Elmer; North Yakima, Piper 1796; Snohomish County,
Gardner 217; Waitsburg, Horner 569.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

7. Cuscuta californica Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneva 9: 279. 1841.
Type Locauity: “Hab. noy. California.’”’ Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Washington to California.

Sag

456 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

-SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 1487; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg
495; Spokane, Henderson 2273; Blue Mountains, Piper 2448.
ZONAL pisTRiBUuTION: Arid Transition.

POLEMONIACEAE. Putiox Famiry.

Calyx distended and at length burst by the capsule.
Corolla large, salverform; leaves all oppesite, entire; seeds not
becoming mucilaginous when wetted; ours all suffruticose

perennials 54.5... ac nee ces eee ies Owes a eoe Sa ie Prox (p. 456).
Corolla tubular, funnelform or salverform, usually small;
leaves mostly alternate, usually not entire............-..- Gita (p. 459).

Calyx not distended nor burst by the capsule.
Corolla not rotate.

Calyx lobes spine-tipped; leaves pinnatifid............. NAVARRETIA (p. 463).
Calyx lobes not spine-tipped; leaves entire or pinnatifid. Cottomra (p. 464).
Corolla rotate (in ours); leavés pinnate, the leaflets entire... PoLEMoNIUM (p. 466).

PHLOX.

Densely tufted species with crowded leaves; flowers solitary on the
shoots.
Herbage beset with woolly hairs............--.-.-.----------- 1. P. canescens.
Herbage not beset with woolly hairs.
Calyx not at all wooly; leaves hispid-ciliate.

Leaves grooved, 5 to 6 mm. long.................-..-. 2. P. condensata. —
Leaves usually plane, 8 to 14 mm. long. ............-.- 3. P. caespitosa.
Calyx sparsely woolly; leaves often woolly at base.

Herbage finely glandular. ..... .. - Fabs ctr cierto e pace pats 4. P. rigida.
Herbage not glandular.

Leaves all acerose; style half as long as corolla. .. .- - 5. P. douglasit.

Leaves not all acerose; style nearly as long as co-

WOME Sash. scutes Panis ceeaat oases we cos 6. P. diffusa

Loosely tufted taller species; flowers in cymes.
Style long, usually equaling the corolla tube.
Inflorescence not glandular; leaves narrowly linear.......... 7. P. longifolia, :
Inflorescence glandular.
Whole plant viscid-pubescent; leaves linear, 2 to 4 mm.

WIG setae a os er ep ele ae cae he 8. P. viscida.
Only the inflorescence viscid-pubescent ; leaves linear, 1
SI ano endae s he kena ons anh Se aee 9. P. viridis.

Style short, not-longer than the ovary.
Upper leaves on flowering stem dilated at base.

Leaves linear, soft; cymes loose............-.--------- 10. P. speciosa.

Leaves lanceolate, rigid; cymes dense..........----...- 11. P. lanceolata.
Upper leaves on flowering stems not dilated at base.

Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate... ........--------- 12. P. whitedii.

Leaves broader, lanceolate. 25 so scc24 ose o5nc% eee 13. P. occidentalis.

1. Phlox canescens Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 2?: 122, pl. 6. 1855.
Type Loca.ity: ‘On the Cedar Mountains, south of Great Salt Lake,” Utah.
Rance: Eastern Washington to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenas, Cotton 917; Horse Heaven, Cotton 589; Rattlesnake

Mountains, Cotton 566; Klickitat: Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Columbus, Suksdorf, April
13, 1896.
Zamat DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

LS ae

eee eS ee ae ee a ee en

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 457

2. Phlox condensata (A. Gray) E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 13. 1899.
' Phlox caespitosa condensata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 254. 1870.
Phlox condensaia hendersoni: E. Nelson, loc. cit. 14. .

’ Type Locauity: “From the headwaters of Clear Creek, and the inns ridges lying east
of Middle Park,” Colorado. Collected by Parry.
Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 817; J. M. Grant 4; Mount Stuart,
Brandegee 958; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; (type of subspecies hee
E. Nelson); Suksdorf 390; Howell in 1882; Fleté 1245.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

~

8. Phlox caespitosa Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. '7: 41. 1834.
Type Loca.ity: ‘“Flat-Head River on the sides of dry hills.” Collected by Wyeth.
Rance: Washington and Montana, southward to New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee in 1883.

4. Phlox rigida Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 306. 1845.

Phlox piperi E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 18. 1899.

Type Locauity: “In montibus coeruleis Americae boreali-occid.”” Collected by Doug-
las in the Blue Mountains of Oregon.

Rance: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and Pct Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 2286, 2946; Henderson 2412; Spokane Valley,
Lyall, May, 1861; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 37; junction Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandberg & Leberg 274; without locality, Vasey 392; Spokane, Kreager 164; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 243; Chelan Butte, Cotion 596.

ZONAL pDistRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

5. Phlox douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 73. 1838.

Type Locauity: ‘““N. W. America: common on the Limestone range of hos Blue Moun-
tains [Oregon], and on the Rocky Mountains, near the confines of snow.” Collected by
Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Mrs. Steinweg; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 11; also April 22, 1881.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

6. Phlox diffusa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 325. 1849.

Phlox douglasii diffusa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 254. 1870.

Type Loca.ity: “Prope Bear Valley in montibus Sacramento,” California. Collected
by Hartweg.

Rance: British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper; Henderson; Nason Creek, Sandberg
& Leiberg 660; Mount Rainier, Allen 265; Piper 2132; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1108; Mount
Adams, Henderson; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Horseshoe Basin, Lake &
Hull 595; Skamania County, Suksdorf'; Klickitat River, Flett 1246; without locality,
Brandegee 960; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2820.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

7. Phlox longifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 41. 1834.
Phlox speciosa linearifolia Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 289. 1851.
Phlox speciosa latifolia Hook. loc. cit.
Phlox linearifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 133. 1878.
Phlox humilis Dougl.; Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 306. 1845.
Type Locauity: “Valleys of the Rocky Mountains generally.” Collected by Wyeth.
Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado.

ee ae. ad a
Ger fo td :
F ~¥y .”

458 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 39; Wenache, Whited 9, 1037;
North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Piper, April 22, 1898; Henderson 2415; Pasco, Hindshaw
19; Piper 2959; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Sprague, Henderson; Spokane, Piper, May
19, 1899; Rockland, Suksdorf, April 10, 1886; Columbus, Suksdorf, April 14, 1886; Co-
lumbia Plains, Douglas in 1886 (type of Phlox humilis); Hangman Creek, Sandberg &
Leiberg 62; Almota, Piper, May 27, 1893: Wawawai, Piper 1513, 3009; Lake 594; Waits-
burg, Horner 159; Pataha, Hull 594; without locality, Brandegee 961; without locality,
Vasey 397, 399.

ZoNAL pistRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

8. Phlox viscida E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 24. 1899.
Tyre Locaity: ‘Blue Mts., Columbia Co.,”” Washington. Collected by Piper.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2397; Horner 137; Klickitat Hills, Gor-
man, April, 1895; Wenas Creek, Cotton 1152; Klickitat Valley, Howell 1380.
ZONAL DiIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

9. Phlox viridis E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 24. 1899.
Tyee vocauity: “Ellensburg, Washington.”’ Collected by Piper.
Rance: Eastern Washington and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 628; Ellensburg, Piper 2689.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

10. Phlox speciosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 149. 1814.

Type Locairy: “On the plains of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Lewis. The exact
place is probably on the Clearwater below Kamiah, Idaho.

Rance: Eastern Washington and adjacent idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893; Hangman Creek, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 75; Pullman, Piper 1894; Elmer 839; Almota Canyon, Piper; Union Flat,
Piper 3008; without locality, Vasey 401.

ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

10a. Phlox speciosa elatior Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 72. 1838.

Phlox sabini Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.

Phlox speciosa sabini A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 256.1870. —

Type Locairy: “Limestone Rocks of the Blue Mountains.”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Lyall in 1861; Spokane River, Douglas; Pullman,
Hull, May 24, 1892; Union Flat, Piper 2008.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

11. Phlox lanceolata E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 29. 1899%

Type Locauity: “Ellensburg, Wash.’’ Collected by Piper. :

Rance: Central Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Cleman Mountain, Hender-
son 2413; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 443.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

12. Phlox whitedii E. Nelson, Erythea 7: 167. 1899.
‘Tyee Locatity: Wenache, Washington. Collected by Whited.
Rance: Central Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1036; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County,
Mrs. Sieinweg; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 573. ¥
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. ~.

13. Phlox occidentalis Durand, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 125. 1856.
Tyre Loca.ity: “Hillsides, near Duffield’s Ranch,” California.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 459

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1069; Kittitas Valley, Lyall, June 1860; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 18, 1886 and 2208; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton

184; Umtanum Ridge, Cotton 918.
ZONAL. DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

GILIA.
Shrubs; corolla salverform, yellow; leaves acerose.
LMR ARMMIN IE 0g Pas ois cess sconce ane Meee eee ee la.
TiOUU OG DOMUIIOUEE foo ak oe Bo aes Se ios See es ews Roa ate 1d.
Herbs.

Perennials or biennials.
Flowers in an elongate panicle; corolla large, tubular-

funnelform, usually scarlet..-.......- > 20.
Flowers in corymbs or heads, ous calls ‘wilted or
whitish.
Leaves palmately 3 to 7-parted; flowers in cor-
Se LL, RR RI Te 0S Par le ean en AT 8

Leaves pinnately 3 to 9-divided; flowers inheads.. 9.

Annuals.
Leaves or some of them opposite.
Lower leaves dissected like the upper, into fili-
form segments, all opposite.
Flowers in a capitate leafy cluster; corolla 10

Ce TA OG, AOR ate ooh cat ea 2.

Flowers scattered, on slender pedicels.
Corolla almost rotate, 8 to 10 mm.

Corolla tubular-funnelform.
Ovules solitary in each cell, corolla

whitish, Sri. long ser 4.
Ovules 2 to 5 in each ‘cail Sorelle
purplish, 12 mm. long.........--. 5.
Lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate, both
entire.
Stems simple below; flowers 8 to 10 mm.
! WOM pte oth Pe acon nF ta icp Bee on 2 6

EA aROM ODEs 5 Sec iat tases Se ne rie

Leaves all alternate.

Herbage woolly; flowers pale blue, clustered - -. -- - at.

Herbage not woolly.
Leaves not in a basal rosette.

Flowers blue, in dense globose clusters on
long naked peduncles; leaves dissected
into filiform segments.

Calyx glabrous; corolla 8 to 10 mm.
| Fo 71 a Seg een eae RPE tD na NAAT an 12

Flowers scattered; leaves filiform, mostly
entire.
Branches elongate, erect; corolla

blues pedicels shorts .......5 2222. 14.

- pungens hooker.
. pungens squarrosa.

. aggregata.

. nuttallir.
. congesta.

. bicolor.
. pharnaceoides.
. harknessii.

. bolanderi.

. gracilis.
. humilis.

G. filrfolia.

. capitate,

. achilleaefolia.

. minutiflora.

460 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Branches divergent, not elongate;
corolla pink; pedicels slender. - - - - 15. @. capillaris.
Leaves mostly in a basal rosette.
Radical leaves dentate, not pubescent... 16. @. leptomeria.
Radical leaves pinnatifid, pubescent .... 17. @. inconspicua.

la. Gilia pungens hookeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 268. 1870.

Phlox hookeri Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 73. t. 159. 1838.

Gilia hookeri Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 316. 1845.

Type Locauity: “Common on arid, sandy, and rocky soils near the narrows of the
Oakanagan and Priest’s Rapids of the Columbia,” Washington. Colleeted by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon east.of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Flett 1031; Yakima Region, Brandegee 965; near
Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 392; Spokane, Spalding; Soap Lake, McKay 7; Ritzville,
Sandberg & Leiberg 181; without locality, Vasey 394; near Spokane, Kreager 168; Chelan,
Elmer 502: Methow River, Whited 236; Yakima, Leckenby, May 11, 1898; Coulee City,
Lake & Hull 669; North Yakima, Henderson, May 27, 1892; Chelan Butte, Cotton 594;
Coulee City, Cotton 606.

ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

1b. Gilia pungens squarrosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 268. 1870.
Type Locaity: “Near Carson City,” Nevada. Collected by Anderson.
Rance: Eastern Washington to Idaho and Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall (very viscid-pubescent).

2. Gilia bicolor (Nutt.).

Leptosiphon bicolor Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 156. 1847.

Linanthus bicolor Greene, Pittonia 2: 260. 1892.

Gilia tenella Benth. Pl. Hartw. 325. 1849.

Type Locatiry: “On moist rocks of the Oregon near the outlet of the Wahlamet.”
Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Vancouver Island to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 207; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898;
Fidalgo Island, Flett 2105; Montesano, Henderson 2409; Heller 4012; Tacoma, Flett, May 31,
1896; Olympia, Henderson 2410; Steilacoom, Suckley; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 43;
Clallam County, Elmer 2823.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Gilia pharnaceoides Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under pl. 1622. 1833.

Linanthis pharnaceoides Greene, Pittonia 2: 254. 1892.

Type Locauity: “California.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California, eastward to the Rocky Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper, May 26, 1899; Cascade Mountains to Colville,
Lyall in 1860; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893;
Coulee City, Lake & Hull 585; Chelan, Elmer 499; Spokane County, Suksdorf 391; Piper,
July 18, 1894; Henderson, May 31, 1892; Chimokane Valley, Geyer 535; Walla Walla,
Spalding; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 283; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 473; Clarks Springs, Kreager 13.

“Sandy soils‘at Oakanagunea and Wallawallah,” Douglas, according to Hooker.

ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. .

4. Gilia harknessii Curran, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 12. 1884.

Linanthus harknessii Greene, Pittonia 2: 255. 1892.

Tres Locatity: “At the summit.of the Sierra Nevada,’’ California. Collected by
Harkness.

RanGE: Idaho and Washington to California.

a

ery

A ee <i Fr SPST IT ETT
n ~~ a ee = ele sa agele

Saws

ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 461

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Waited, June, 1896; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 42, 165;
Simcoe Hills, Howell 290; Klickitat River, Flett 1225; Sprague, Henderson, July 10, 1892;

Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 201; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 803; Blue Mountains, Horner 389;
Piper 2398. .

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Gilia bolanderi A. Gray, Proc.-Am. Acad. 8: 263. 1870.
Linanthus bolanderi Greene, Pittonia 2: 255. 1892.

Type Locauity: ‘Sonoma County, California, on dry hills; Russian River.”’ Collected
by Bolander.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, ee 549; White Salmon, Suksdorf 293.
ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

-6. Gilia gracilis (Dougl.) Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2924. 1829.

Lollomia gracilis Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.

Phlox gracilis Greene, Pittonia 1: 141. 1887.

Microsteris gracilis Greene, Pittonia 3: 300. 1898.

Gilia gracilis elatior Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900.

Gilia gracilis pratensis Suksdorf, loc. cit.

Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Spokane River and on high grounds near Flat-
head River.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Nebraska, Colorado, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3909; Seattle, Smith 154; Olympia, Henderson
2405, 2406; Kincaid, July 4, 1896; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 77; Silverton, Bouck 31;
Tieton River, Cotton 485; Tacoma, Flett 196, 831, 882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf:2114, 1508;
Ellensburg, Whited 268; Pasco, Hindshaw 50; Chimokane, Lyall in 1860; Fort Vancouver,
Douglas in 1825; Klickitat River, Flett 1229; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Letberg 78; Spokane
Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper, May 23, 1897; Pullman, Piper 1517; Hull 588;
Waitsburg, Horner, April 12, 1897; Wawawai, Piper, May 19,1894; Elmer 76; Davis Ranch,
Kreager; Clallam County, Elmer 2824; Mount Rainier, Flett 2153.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

7. Gilia humilis (Greene).
Microsteris humilis Greene, Pittonia 3: 301. 1898.
? Collomia gracilis humilior Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 76. 1838.
Gilia microsteris Piper, F]. Palouse Reg. 142. 1901.
Type Locaity: ‘South end of Lake Pend Oreille,” Idaho. Collected by Leiberg.
Rance: Eastern Washington.and adjacent Oregon and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 13; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Whited

. 268; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2314; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 163; Tampico, Flett 1030;

Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 308; Spokane, Piper 2291; Henderson 2404; Hangman Creek,
Sandberg & Leiberg 25; Spangle, Piper 3547; Pullman, Hull, April 12, 1892; Piper 1518;
Coulee City, Piper 3851.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. °

7a. Gilia humilis glabella (Greene).
Microsteris glabella Greene, Pittonia 3: 301. 1898.
Gilia gracilis glabella Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900.

Type Locauity: Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2206.

8. Gilia nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 267. 1870.

Type Locatity: “Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Utah to the Sierra Nevada in
California.”

462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Washington to Colorado, Arizona, and Southern California.

SpecIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith 882; Flett 240; Goat Mountains, Allen 119;
mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 964; Blue Mountains, Piper 2419.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. _

9. Gilia congesta Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 75. 1838.

Type Locauity: “Sandy plains of the Columbia.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Wyoming to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 436.

This specimen has narrow mostly entire leaves, approaching in character G. congesta
crebrifolia. .

10. Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 1: 626. 1825.

Cantua aggregata Pursh, Fl. 1: 147. 1814.

Gilia pulchella Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 74. 1838. :

Tyre Locatity: “On the banks of the Mississippi, M. Lewis;”’ but the specimens were
really collected on “ Hungry Creek”’ {Lolo Creek], in Western Idaho.

Rance: Washington to California, Texas, and Nebraska.

SpecIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 151; North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892;
Leckenby, May, 1898; Watt, August, 1895; Tieton River, Cotton 441; Fish Lake, Dunn,
August, 1900; Klickitat River, Flett 1221; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 474; eastern
Washington, Wilcor in 1883; locality unknown, Vasey 408; Pullman, Piper 1519; Blue
Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Clarks Springs, Kreager 91; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton
313.

ZONAL pistripuTion: Arid Transition and Canadian.

11. Gilia filifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 156. 1847.

Type Locauity: “Neat Santa Barbara, Upper California.”

Rance; Eastern Washington to Southern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper, May 26, 1899; Elmer 1059; Moses Coulee, Lake &
Hull 590: Crab and Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 246; north of Bickleton, Suksdorf
393; Yakima Region, Brandegee 966; Moses Lake, Cotton 614.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

This species has frequently been mistaken for the closely allied @. floccosa.

12. Gilia capitata Hook. Bot. Mag. 53: pl. 2698. 1826.

Type Locauity: “From the northwest coast of America,” specifically “in the vicinity
of Fort Vancouver,” Washington. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Townsend, Edwards 20; Whidby Island, Gardner 205;
Tacoma, Flett 79; Olympia, Heller 4040; Skamania County, Flett 1224; White Salmon,
Suksdorf 451; Wawawai, Piper 3530; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Cape Horn, Piper 4908.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

13. Gilia achilleaefolia Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under pl. 1622. 1833.

Tyee Locauity: “California.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1998; Port Ludlow, Binns, June 30,
1890; Olympia, Henderson 2401.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

14. Gilia minutifiora Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 315. 1845.

Type LocaLity: “In America boreali occidentali.”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Eastern Washington to Oregon and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Elmer 481; Whited in 1895; Wenache Flat, Whited
1158, 1289; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Piper 1818; Henderson in 1892; Kiona,

Piper 2755; Pasco, Piper, July 11, 1897; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 670; Crab and Wilson

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 463

creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 270; locality unknown, Vasey 400; north of Bickleton, Suksdorf
396; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 967; Prosser, Cotton 813.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

15. Gilia capillaris Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5: 46. 1873.
Type Locauity: “Cisco, Sierra Nevada Mountains,” California.
Rance: Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1226; Simcoe Mountains, Suksdorf 395, 1515.
This species was mistaken by Suksdorf for @. filiformis Parry and under that name
included in his list.

16. Gilia leptomeria A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 278. 1870.

Type Locatity: “Mountain valleys of Nevada and Utah.” Collected by Watson.

Rance: Eastern Washington to Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgan’s Ferry, Suksdorf 394: Pasco, Piper 2984, 2751; Hind-
shaw 27; mouth of Alder Creek, Howell 909; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &
Leiberg 301; Sunnyside, Colton 315.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

17. Gilia inconspicua (Smith) Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. pl. 2883. 1829.

Ipomopsis inconspicua Smith, Exot. Fl. 1: pl. 14. 1804.

Cantua parviflora Pursh, Fl. 2: 730. 1814.

Gilia parviflora Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 626. 1825.

TyPE Locaity: Supposed by Smith to be from North America.

RanGE: British Columbia to Texas and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, May 25, 1892;
Pasco, Piper 2978; Hindshaw 22; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg
261; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Prosser, Cotton 591.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

NAVARRETIA.
Leaves simply pinnatifid....-.. -- Plots an Uae aura etcetera oe tie 1. N. divaricata.
Leaves bipinnatifid.
Herbage glandular-viscid, malodorous............-....-------- 2. N. squarrosa.

Herbage not glandular nor malodorous.
Stems glabrate; calyx tube nearly glabrous; ovules 1 to 3 in
HORI COIN acts Weed a st ots UE xs Ses ae chee tea ene 5. N. minima.
Stems not glabrate.
Ovules 3 or 4 in each cell; stems pubescent; calyx tube

and base of bracts very villous...-................- 3. N. interterta.
Ovules solitary in each cell; stems puberulent; calyx
tube and bracts sparsely villous...................- 4. N. klickitatensis.

1. Navarretia divaricata (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 136. 1887.
Gilia divaricata Torr.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 270. 1870.
Tyre Loca.ity: ‘ Along the foothills of the Sierra Nevada,’’ California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July, 1881.

_2. Navarretia squarrosa (Esch.) Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 368. 1840. SkUNK-WEED.
Gilia squarrosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 151. 1833.
Hoitzia squarrosa Esch. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 10: 283. 1826.
Guia pungens Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 57: pl. 2977. 1830.
Type Locauity: ‘In Novae Californiae arenosis.”’
- Ranee: Washington to California.

464 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SpEcIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 204; Lake Washington, Suksdorf 992;
Fairhaven, Suksdorf 993; Tacoma, Flett 909; 199; Touchet River, Horner 582; Clallam
County, Elmer 2818.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Navarretia intertexta (Benth.) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 75. 1838.
Aegochloa interterta Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under pl. 1622. 1833.
Gilia intertexta Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 683. 1840.

Type Locauity: “California and North West America.”

Rance: British Columbia to California, eastward to the Rocky Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Ellensburg, Whited 535; Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 44; Klickitat River, Flett 1222; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892;
Sandberg, Heller, & McDougal 904; Dewart; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 591; Pullman,
Piper 1520; Davis Ranch, Kreager 178; Washtuena, Cotton 617; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 663.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

4. Navarretia klickitatensis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133. 1900.

Gilia klickitatensis Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 43. 1901.

Type Locatity: Klickitat County, near the mouth of Klickitat River, Washington.
Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington and Oregon. re

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf 991.

5. Navarretia minima (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 269. 1870.
Gilia minima Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. a. ser. 1: 160. 1847.
Navarretia suksdorfiii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 457. 1901.
Type Locauity: ‘Plains of the Oregon, near Walla Walla.” Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to Dakota, Colorado, and Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July, 1881.

COLLOMIA.
Leaves entire.
Flowers solitary-axillary ....../---------+-++eeeece eect rtree 4. C. tenella.
Flowers in clusters.
Corolla salmon-color, 2 to 3 em. long. ...-.------------+---- 1. C. grandiflora.
Corolla pink, 1 cm. long.
Calyx lobes acute; clusters many-flowered . .--..------- 2. O. linearis.
Calyx lobes aristate; clusters few-flowered.....-------- 3. C. aristella.
Leaves more or less dissected.
Annual; leaves pinnate. ...-..--.-------------+-- AS sg: ciai acaba 5. O. heterophylla.
Perennial; leaves palmate. .....-.:---------------+-+-e-r crete 6. C. debilis.

1. Collomia grandiflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1174, 1828.

Gilia grandiflora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 223. 1882.

Type Locauity: ‘In the northwest of North America in all the country bordering on the
Columbia, as far eastward as the valleys of the Rocky Mts., but not beyond that great
dividing ridge.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho, Nevada, and California.

SpECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; Tieton River, Cotton 447; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf 162; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 157; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 592;
Wawawai, Elmer 780; Clarks Springs, Kreager 112. ;

Cotton 702 from the Rattlesnake Mountains and a specimen collected by Vasey in 1889
represent a low spreading plant with broader leaves and bracts, probably a new subspecies.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. ~

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 465

la. Collomia grandiflora diffusa (Mulford).

Gilia grandiflora diffusa Mulford, Bot. Gaz. 19:120. 1894.

Type Looauity: ‘Foothills about Boise City, Idaho.”’ Collected by Miss Mulford.

Rance: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1124; Leavenworth, Whited 240; North
Yakima, Watt in 1895; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 451; west
Klickitat County, Sekstor? 161; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Colfax, Hedin:
Pullman, Piper 1514.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Collomia linearis Nutt. Gen. 1: 126. 1818.

Gilia linearis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 1'7: 223. 1882.

Type Locauiry: ‘‘ Near the banks of the Missouri about the confluence of Shian River,
-and in the vicinity of the Arikaree village.”

Rance: Manitoba to British Columbia, south to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 82, 1045; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28,
1892; Klickitat River, Flett 1227; White Salmon, Suksdorf 446; Tampico, Flett 1220;
Almota Canyon, Hull 671; Wawawai, Lake 587; Snake River, Hunter 26; Pullman, Piper
1515 and July 21, 1893; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 19; Clallam County,
Elmer 2822; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 308; Coulee City, Piper 3849.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

3. Collomia aristella (A. Gray) Rydberg, Mem. N.,.Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 318. 1900.

Gilia aristella A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 408. 1886.

Tyre Looa.ity: “ Northern part of California.” Collected by Greene.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, H/mer 1238; Klickitat River, near Mount ges 8
Suksdorf 590; Flett 1228.

4. Collomia tenella A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 259. 1870.
Gilia leptotes A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 223. 1882.
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Parley’s Peak, Utah.’”’ Collected by Watson.
Rance: Washington to Nevada and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 350; Wenache, W hited 2625.

5. Collomia heterophylla Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2895. 1829.

Gilia heterophylla Dougl. Bot. Mag. 56: under pl. 2895, 1829, as synonym.

Type Locauity: “About Fort Vancouver,’ Washington. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Vancouver Island to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 151; Seattle, Piper, July 14, 1895; Tacoma,
Flett 10; Nisqually Valley, Allen 65; Montesano, Heller 4057; Port Ludlow, Binns;
Fidalgo Island, Lyall; Fort Vancouver, Scouler; Mount Rainier, Flett 2120; Charleston,
Piper, July 21, 1895; without locality, Cooper; Clallam County, Elmer 2821.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6. Collomia debilis (S. Wats.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 127. 1887.

Gilia debilis S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 302. 1873.

Gulia larseni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 146. 1878.

TypE LooaLity: “Utah.” Collected by Wheeler.

Rance: Washington to Montana, California, and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 456; Flett 30; Mount Stuart, Brandegee
968; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 450; Flett 1223; Beadean: August 9, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

29418—06 mM——30

466 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

POLEMONIUM.

Annual; corolla white, nearly rotate... -.-----------s-5-577 07" 1. P. micranthum.

Leaflets oblong-ovate. .---------------sscerrr etter 2. P. coeruleum.
TL onfleta Tinbak oo <5 x2 See en 8 A eee ese 3. P. pectinatum.
Stems low, 5 to 30 cm. high.
Densely cespitose, 5 to 10 cm. high.
Viscid-glandular throughout; flowers violet with

YollOW C70. secs c= 1s eesase ane awes= set 77rS* 4. P. elegans.
Less viscid, sparsely pilose throughout; flowers
white or pale blue......------------+s2 070077" 5. P. viscosum pilosum.
Loosely cespitose, 15 to 30 cm. high, scarcely glandular.
Leaflets oval or oblong, less than 1 cm. long... -- --- 6. P. humile.
Leaflets lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 em. long. .------------ 7. P. amoenum.

1. Polemonium micranthum Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 318. 1845.

Tyre vocauiry: “ Ad flum. Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: W enache, Whited 1025, 20; North Yakima, Henderson, May 25,
1892; Sunnyside, Cotton 322; Coupeville, Gardner 209; Fort Colville, Lyall. in 1861;
Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 13; Pullman, Piper;
Hull 589; Wawawai, Piper 1521; Walla Walla, Brandegee 972.

ZoNAL pisrripuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

2. Polemonium coeruleum L. Sp. Pl. ‘1: 162. 1753.
Polemonium occidentale Greene, Pittonia 2: 75. 1890.
Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae, Asiae, Americae septentrionalibus.

Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. Europe. Asia.

SpECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Marshall Junction,
Piper 2251.

The P. foliosissimumt of Suksdorf’s list is based on a specimen similar to Piper 2251
and from the same region. The specimens from Mount Adams are not quite identical
with those from Marshall Junction, and further material may show them to be distinct.

Professor Greene maintains that the so-called P. coeruleum of the Pacific coast differs
from the European plant in having horizontal rootstocks. Unfortunately too few of the
specimens have the underground parts preserved to judge this character fairly.

\

3. Polemonium pectinatum Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 10. 1884.
Type Locauity: “In the eastern part of Washington Territory.” Collected by Hilgard.

Rance: Eastern Washington.
SpecimENS EXAMINED: Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 105; Spokane County, Mrs.

Susan Tucker in 1892; eastern Washington, Hilgard in 1882; without locality, Wilkes

Expedition.

4. Polemonium elegans Greene, Pittonia 3: 305. 1898 (April 8).
Polemonium bicolor Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 262. 1898 (April 15).
Type Locaity: “In volcanic sand at 9000 feet altitude on Mt. Rainier, Washington.”

Collected by Piper.
Rance: Cascade Mountains, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2129; Smith 780; Allen 62, 294; Mount

Adams, Suksdorf 79; Howell in 1882; Henderson 2411; Flett 1243.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

‘

_——

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 467

5. Polemonium viscosum pilosum Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 263. 1898

Tyre tocaxity: “In clefts of rock on Goat Mountain, Washington, altitude 1540 m.”’
Collected by Allen.

Range: Known only from the type locality.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountain near Mount Rainier, Allen 261.

6. Polemonium humile Roem. & Schult. Syst. 4: 792. 1819.

Polemonium pulchellum Bunge; Ledeb. FI. Alt. 1: 233. 1829.

Polemonium humile pulchellum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 150. 1884.

Type Locaity: “In Siberiae orientalis maritimis arenosis.”’

Range: Alaska to California and Colorado. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 680; Wenache Mountains,
Whited, August 13, 1896; Elmer 456; Wenache Region, Brandegee 970; Mount Rainier,
Piper 2107; Allen 262; Smith 779; Klickitat River, Flett 1244; Cascade Mountains to
Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper 2326: locality unknown,
Vasey 410; Clallam County, Elmer 2819.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

7. Polemonium amoenum Piper, Erythea 7: 174. 1899.
Type Locatity: ‘ Humptulips, Chehalis County, Wash.” Collected by F. H. Lamb.
Rance: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Humptulips, Lamb 1178; Humptulips Prairie, Conard 98.

HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Warervear Faminy.

Leaves all basal; peduncles 1-flowered..........-.-.-.------- CAPNoREA (p. 467).
Leaves not all basal.
PLVION CUNY ons a bt istcs on vc as wie Moa naaw sci eet sees < ROMANZOFFIA (p. 468).

Styles 2-cleft.
Corolla convolute in bud; placentae broad.

Perennials; stamens exserted .......---.------- HypropHyLium (p. 468).

Annuals; stamens included 22.2 ..22.52222.5-%5 2 NemopuiLa (p. 469).
Corolla imbricated in bud; placentae narrow.

Flowers in a scorpioid cyme ........-......---- PHACELIA (p. 470).

Flowers solitary in the leafy forks of the stem.... Conanruus (p. 472).
CAPNOREA.

Cohen A CRIN OMG Oi os. Seek aes csc ok tes Sonos ee ONS ee eeeees 1. C. lasiantha.
Corolla saucer-shape.
Leaves glabrous, except on the margins.

Calyeiobed: Very nneguel. «2.2526. rceues sess ster ecee sae 2. C. fulcrata.

Calyxclones aubequal: sce 5 39205 Sac Sas eneotece tetece staves 3. C. pumila.
Leaves pubescent beneath.

Pubestente appressed, 3. 2c5 cen cieseocnabseemen deed csseer ads, SoC onllorula,

Pubescence Mot hppremeds is ccse eek swe wan se ase wen aes 5. C. hirtella.

1. Capnorea lasiantha Greene, Pittonia 5: 47. 1902.

Capnorea macilenta Greene, op. cit. 48.

Type Locauity: Eastern Washington, without station. Collected by G. R. Vasey.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 66; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892;
Spokane, Piper, May, 1898; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 52; Rock Creek, Piper 2793;
Pasco, Hindshaw 23; Coulee City, Piper 3864; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenas
River, Cotton 916.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

468 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. Capnorea fulcrata Greene, Pittonia 5: 51. 1902.

Tyre Locauiry: ‘From somewhere in the State of Washington.’”’ Collected by G. R.
Vasey.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Vasey in 1889; without locality, Brandegee 979
in part; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1234.

ZONAL bistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Capnorea pumila (Dougl.) Greene, Erythea 2: 193. 1894.

Villarsia pumila Dougl.; Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 70. 1838.

Hesperochiron pumilus Porter; Hayden, Geol. Rep. 768. 1872.

Capnorea nervosa Greene, Pittonia 5: 51. 1902.

Tyree Locauity: ‘ Amer. boreali occ.’ Collected by Douglas in 1829.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, //orner R105; B354; without locality, Suksdorf
in 1878.

An authentic Douglasian specimen of Villarsia pumila in the Gray Herbarium is the
same as Capnorea nervosa Greene.

ZONAL DistriBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Capnorea villosula Greene, Pittonia 5: 52. 1902.
Tyre vocauity:. Pullman, Washington.
Rance: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Elmer 1001; Piper 1698.
ZONAL DisrripuTioON: Arid Transition.

5. Capnorea hirtella Greene, Pittonia 5: 51. 1902.
Tyre Locauiry: “ Wet prairies of Eastern Washington.” Collected by Howell.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Eastern Washington, Howell April, 1890.

ROMANZOFFIA.

1. Romanzoffia sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 158. 1832.

Tyre Loca.ity: Sitka.

Rance: Alaska to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2233; Silverton, Bouck 149 (pedicels.
glandular!); Bridge Creek, Elmer 690; Mount Baker, Flett 863; Green River Hot Springs,
Piper in 1887; Mount Rainier, Fett 229; Goat Mountains, Allen 236.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian.

HYDROPHYLLUM. Warer.ear.

Flowers in dense clusters; leaf lobes obtuse............-.-----.-.---.. 1. H. capitatum.
Flowers in loose clusters; leaf lobes usually acutish.
Calyx lobes pubescent on the back and ciliate.with long, soft hairs;

leaves with 5 to 9 scattered segments, paler beneath ............. 2. H. albifrons.
Calyx lobes glabrous on the back, hirsute-ciliate, basal leaves with
PCN PIO LINSlh HOOMIGN sa. cose ce sen ceo k Sea heer eae ns deed ieee 3. H. tenuipes.

1. Hydrophyllum capitatum Dougl.; Benth. Linn. Trans. 17: 273. 1837.
_ Type vocauiry: “In the interior of the Columbia in Northwest America.”’ Collected by
Douglas. —

Range: Washington and Idaho to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1249; Simcoe Hills, Howell, June, 1879;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache, Whited 23; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Lewberg 45; Pullman, Elmer 1002; Moore, May, 1893; Puper
1893, 1696. “

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. |

a ee

—"

OF WASHINGTON. 469

2. Hydrophyllu-n albifrons Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 267. 1898.

Hydrophyllum congestum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 136. 1899.

Type LooaLity: Lake Waha, Nez Perces County, Idaho.

Rance: Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 658; Okanogan County, Whited
222; Silverton, Bouck 150; Mount Rainier, Piper 2124; Aaunt Adams, Suksdorf 453,
591; Henderson 685; Goat Mountains, Allen 232; Klickitat River, Flett 1250; without.
locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper 1697; Huli 773; Blue Mountains, Horner 3351;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 11833.

ZONAL pistriBuTion: Arid Transition and Canadian.

This species is very close to H. fendleri (A. Gray) Heller, to which it has been referred.
The plant called H. macrophyllum Nutt. in Cooper’s Report is probably H. albifrons, which
_ has also been confused with H. occidentale (S. Wats.) A. Gray, a species of more southern
range.

The type specimen of H. congestum Wiegand really came from Mount Rainier (Mount
Tacoma) and not from Tacoma as published.

3. Hydrophyllum tenuipes Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 582. 1898.

Type Locatity: Montesano, Washington.

Range: British Columbia to Oregon, west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3853; Hoquiam, Lamb 1140; Clallam County,
Elmer 2831; Ilwaco, Piper 5000; Seattle, Piper 260, 3020; Skokomish River, Kincaid,
May 16, 1902; Tacoma, Flett 1768; Quinault, Conard 134; without locality, Wilkes Hape-
dition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Two quite distinct forms of this species occur, but satisfactory characters to separate them
are not evident. The coast form like Piper’s 5000 has dark blue flowers on long peduncles,
and thick leaves coarsely and doubly crenate-dentate, while the form away from the imme-
diate coast has thinner leaves, simply dentate, and pale flowers on shorter peduncles.

Hydrophyllum tenuipes has heretofore been referred to H. virginicum L.

NEMOPHILA. :
Porous campanglste,-bitshs.. ooo5 220s ks ace see ates ae wee chee Le. MODUL,
Corolla tubular or tubular-campanulate, wiiite:
Leaves mostly, alternate; corolla shorter than calyx........------ 2. N. breviflora.
- Leaves mostly opposite; corolla equaling the calyx or longer.
Seeds mostly 6 to 8 per capsule; leaves oblong.....-...-.--- 3. N. pedunculata.
Seeds mostly 4 per capsule; leaves ovate..........-.-----.- 4. N. parviflora.

1. Nemophila sepulta Parish, Erythea 7: 93. 1899.

Nemophila densa Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 466. 1901.

Nemophila minutiflora Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 14: 22. 1903.

Nemophila menziesii minutiflora Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133. 1900.

Nemophila reticulata Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 14: 22. 1903.

Nemophila erosa Suksdorf, op. cit. 23.

Type Locatity: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 684, 397; Bingen, Suksdorf
2198; Clarke County, Suksdorf 2315.

2. Nemophila breviflora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 315. 1875.

Type Locatity: “Mountains of Utah.’’ Collected by Watson.

Rance: Washington to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June 14, 1892; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf in 1881; Klickitat River, Flett 1013; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

ee

470 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Nemophila pedunculata Dougl.; Benth. Linn. Trans. 17: 275. 1837.
Type Locauiry: “On the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2637, 2638.

4. Nemophila parviflora Dougl.; Benth. Linn. Trans. 17: 275. 1837.

Tyre vocaity: “From the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas and by Scouler.

Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2830; Whidby Island, Gardner 395;
Seattle, Piper in 1885; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 61; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Vancouver, Piper 4940.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

PHACELIA.

Leaves entire or with a few much smaller lateral lobes.
Flowers bright blue, rather large. {

Low, branched from the base; ovules only 4...........-..-..- 1. P. humilis.
Taller, erect; ovules 10 or more...............-..---+----- 2. P. linearis.

Flowers white or bluish, small. ;
Flerbape CaNesownt soon 62 6 n- sec aoe ns sn cines ad's ee dseeus ccls On 2s WOOD AUD
Flerbage Green, Nitmte, 2505 5c co5s pases caw eccw chistes 4. P. nemoralis. ;

Leaves pinnately cleft into narrow subequal lobes.
Apnal:: stems ereth.e.25 cc spies wi esee ek oe hs gasacaceseew st 9. P. glandulifera,
Perennials.
Stems erect.
DAS WEAK, TOCHNIE ooo o.o5 awe es coals aetna ec nes ae 8. P. ramosissima.
Leaves silky; inflorescence not glandular............... 5. P. sericea.
Leaves green; inflorescence glandular.
Calyx not ciliate; leaves not glandular. ..........- 6. P. procera.
Calyx ciliate; leaves glandular..................- 7. P. lenta.

1. Phacelia humilis Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 2: 122. 1855-57.

Type Locauity: “Near the summit of the Sierra Nevada, California.”’

Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2541; Egbert eae Sandberg &
Leiberg 352; Yakima region, Brandegee 974; Wenache, Whited 1103, 35; Douglas County,
Spillman, May, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 242. 1895.

Phacelia menziesii Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 252. 1871.

Hydrophyllum lineare Pursh, Fl. 1: 134. 1814.

Eutoca menziesii R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 764. 1823.

Eutoca multiflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1180. 1828.

Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Missouri. April.’ Collected by Lewis. The
specimen in the Philadelphia Academy bears the label “Rocky Camp, April 17, 1806.”
This spot is on the Dalles of the Columbia, and it is probable that Pursh has made an error.

Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 210; Mount Adams, Flett 1247; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 330; Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; North Yakima, Mrs.
Steinweg in 1894; Pasco, Piper 2958; Hindshaw 24; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 116;
Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality, Vasey in 1889; along Tukanon River,
Lake & Hull, July 2, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1894; Almota, Piper 1695; Wawawai,
Lake & Hull 566; Elmer 782.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 471

8. Phacelia heterophylla Pursh, Fl. 1: 140. 1814. F

Phacelia hastata Doug].; Lehm. Pug. 2: 20. 1830.

Type tocauity: “On dry hills on the banks of the Kooskooskee,” Idaho. Collected by
Lewis. *

Rance: British Columbia to Dakota, Arizona, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Wenache, Whited
23, 1129; Ellensburg, Elmer 388; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 567; Pasco, Hindshaw 24;
Spokane, Henderson 2564; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 567; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 475; Clarks Springs, Kreager 116; Kalispel Lake, Kreager
445; Clallam County, Elmer 2829?; “North Branch of the Columbia,’ Wilkes Expedition.

ZONAL DistTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

4. Phacelia nemoralis Greene, Pittonia, 1: 141. 1887.

Type Locauity: “Common in the hills behind Oakland and Berkeley, California.”

Rance: Washington to California, in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb 1161; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper in 1854;
Montesano, Heller 3923; Silverton, Bouck 148; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Horse-
shoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 25, 1892;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Columbia River, Scouler; Puget Sound,
Wilkes Expedition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

5. Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 323. 1875.
Eutoca sericea Graham; Hook. Bot. Mag. 57: pl. 3003. 1830.
Type Locauiry: “Rocky Mountains, North America.’”’ Collected by Drummond.
Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to Colorado and Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2827; Mount Steele, Piper 2229; Mount
Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Puyallup Glacier, Flett 265; Klickitat River, Flett
1248; Mount Rainier, Smith in 1889; Flett 2174.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

6. Phacelia procera A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 323. 1875.

Tyre Locatity: “Mountain meadows of the Sierra Nevada in Sierra and Nevada Coun-
ties,’ California.

RanaE: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Trout Lake, Suksdorf 412; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 334;
Cleman Mountain, Henderson; near Wenache, Whited 146, 1160; Peshastin, Sandberg &
Leiberg 500; Leavenworth, Savage 30.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

7. Phacelia lenta Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 44. 1901.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Bare hills of the Columbia River,’’ Washington. Collected by Bran-
degee.

Rance: Eastern Washington. Known only by the type specimen.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Brandegee 976.

8. Phacelia ramosissima Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 21. 1830.

Type Locatity: None given. According to Hooker: ‘“ Dry rocky plains of the Columbia
near Priests Rapid and at the Stony Island.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Orondo, Whited 196; near Priest Rapids, Brandegee 975;
Wenache, Whited 1304, 1375; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 288; Soap Lake,
McKay 1.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

472 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

9. Phacelia glandulifera, sp. nov.

Annual, branched from the base, 5 to 30 cm. high, hispid, and glandular throughout ; leaves
oblong, pinnately parted into 11 to 15 narrow divisions, these acutish and mostly 2 to 6-
lobed; calyx lobes spatulate-oblanceolate, obtuse, entire or rarely bearing a single lobe,
hispid and glandular, about 6 mm. long in flower, becoming twice as long and remaining
erect in fruit; corolla pale violet, campanulate-funnelform, 6 mm. long, barely exceeding
the calyx, 15-nerved, its rounded lobes 1.5 mm. long, the crests very obscure or wanting;
stamens included, the slender filaments subulate, unequally inserted toward the base, the
white anthers cordate-reniform; style 2-cleft at apex; stigmas capitate; capsule oblong,
5 to 6 mm. long, obtuse, sparsely hispidulous; seeds about 12, angular, lanceolate-oblong,
beautifully tuberculate in transverse rows, 1.7 mm. long.

This plant has long been confused with P. ivesiana Torr. of the Great Basin region south-
ward, though attention was called to its distinctness long since.a P. ivesiana differs in
having its herbage more hispid and nearly glandless, and in having broader, obtuse, mostly
entire leaf lobes, glandless calyx, and more deeply corrugated seeds.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Washington—Junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Douglas County,
Sandberg & Leiberg 306, June, 1893; Pasco, Piper 2954, May 25, 1899 (type); same locality,
Henderson 2540; Morgan’s Ferry, Yakima County, Suksdorf 398. Oregon—Sage Plains,
Howell, June 16, 1885; Ontario, Leiberg 2015; Guano Ranch, Coville & Leiberg 5, July 24,
1896; eastern Oregon, Cusick 1670. Idaho—without locality, Hayden in 1872; Big Butte
Station, Palmer 590; Blue Lakes, Palmer 65.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

CONANTHUS.

1. Conanthus parviflorus Greenman, Erythea 7: 117. 1899. 7
Gilia hispida Piper, Erythea 6: 30. 1898, not Conanthus hispidus Heller nor Nama
hispida A. Gray. 1862. |
Type Locauity: “ Oregon in sandy soil of the Malheur.” Collected by Cusick.
Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Morgan’s Ferry, Suksdorf 390; Wallula, Brandegee 978;
Pasco, Piper 2968; Hindshaw, May 25, 1896; Henderson 2402; Piper, July 10, 1897.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.
Washington specimens referred to Nama demissum A. Gray and Conanthus aretioides
Wats. belong to this species.

BORAGINACEAE. Borace F amity.

Ovary undivided, sometimes 2 to 4-grooved; style terminal.
Style entire; stigma peltate....-.-.------------------- Hetiorrorium (p. 473). |
Style 2-cleft; stigmas OOPitAte. <.2256s.54 5225-8 206-= CoLpENIA (p. 474). ;
Ovary 4-parted; the style arising from between the parts.
Nutlets armed with barbed prickles. “
Nutlets erect, prickly on the margins and sometimes

= ee

Gry Hie WACK = <2 icien.n ee ets scene ee taser aes LappuLa (p. 474).
Nutlets spreading, prickly all over..--.------------ CyNnoGLossuo (p. 476).
Nutlets not armed with barbed prickles,
Calyx much enlarged and membranous i tg) | eS AspEruao (p. 476).
Calyx not much enlarged nor membranous in fruit.
Corolla tubular or tubular-funnelform, blue -... MERTENSIA (p. 476).

Corolla funnelform or rotate.
Nutlets erect attached by the very base.
Racemes bractless; corolla rotate ; roots
MlONGOT: 23s Sheree s Sere eae ea ss Myosotis (p. 486).

a Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 159. 1893.

_ PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 473

Racemes bracteate; corolla funnelform;
roots thick...............-.--..--- LiTHosPERMuUM (p. 486).
_ Nutlets erect or oblique, attached above the
base, a more or less prominent fruiting
receptacle (gynobase).
Corolla yellow or orange, with naked
open throat..........-...-.------- AMSINOKIA (p. 480).
Corolla white or blue with throat more
or less fornicate—that is, bearing
prominent swellings.
Nutlets very flat and thin, attached
above the middle, the margins
epimilose 3. oo tees Sc ee ees PrcrocaryYA (p. 482).
Nutlets thick, attached at or below
the middle.
Perennials.
Corolla blue; nutlets ob-
lique, the dorsal surface
with an acute, entire or
spiny margin...-.-.-- Errrricutum (p. 480).
Corolla white or whitish;
nutlets ovate-trigonous. OrEocARYA (p. 481).
Annuals.
Calyx circumscissile- -- - - - PiprocaLyx (p. 481).
Calyx not circumscissile.
Gynobase elongate,
the nutlets attached
by one-third their
length or more. ... CRYPTANTHE (p. 483).
Gynobase low.
Nutlets oblique
or incurved, at-
tached about
the middle by
a caruncle-like
process; leaves
all alternate.. PLaGiosporurys (p. 482).
‘ Nutlets attached
just inside the
base; lower
leaves opposite ALLOCARYA (p. 485).

HELIOTROPIUM.

1. Heliotropium curassavicum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 130. 1753. _

¢ Heliotropium chenopodioides Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 175. 1809.

Type Looauity: “In Americae calidioris maritimis.”’

Rance: Washington to Virginia and southward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 339; Walla
Walla, Lyall, June, 1860; Waitsburg, Horner 379; without locality, Vasey: in 1889; Wallula,
Cotton 10742.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

/

474 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

COLDENIA.

1. Coldenia nuttallii Hook. Journ. Bot. & Kew Misc. 3: 296. 1851.
Tiquilia parvifolia Nutt.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym.
Type Locauity: “ Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Nuttall.
* Rance: Washington to Wyoming, Arizona, and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 343; Kennewick, Piper,
July 10, 1897; Pasco, Elmer 1061; Henderson, June, 1892; without locality, Brandegee 982.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

LAPPULA.
Annuals; scar of the nutlets linear.
Lateral prickles of tha fruit froe:.:.-. ..< 502-645 c<-scbe yess cas-ess 8. L. occidentalis.
Lateral prickles of the fruit united. ...- ..... 2.2.2. .<-200 ear sace- 9. L. eupulata.

Perennials; scar of nutlets triangular or ovate.
Lateral prickles united for about half their eis
Corolla greenish, the lobes broadest at base. - i ward diioars sa'e Os die MORNE
Corolla blue, the lobes narrowest at base. - Basan can ee
Lateral prickles of the fruit free to the base or nearly. 6 so.
Swellings in throat of corolla pubescent.

Flowers white; pubescence, harsh, appressed.........-.-.. 1. L. arida.
Flowers blue; pubescence soft, not appressed............. 2. L. saxatilis.
Swellings in throat of corolla not pubescent.
Flowers white; swellings as long as broad...........-..-.- 5. L. hendersoni.
Flowers blue; swellings broader than long.
Corolla 4 to'6 mm, broad. ot 22. ..0.2-s0c5sne cee 3. L. floribunda.

Corolla 8 to 10 mm. broad. .........--------------- 4. L. diffusa.

1. Lappula arida Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 44. 1901.

Lappula cottoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 549. 1902.

Type Locauity: Ellensburg, Washington.

RanGe: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, June, 1896 and 1047; Ellensburg, Elmer 385;
Whited 324; Piper 2676; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 595; Douglas County, Spillman,
May 27, 1896; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 277; Coulee City,
Piper 3840; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 173; Wenache
Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 126; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 360, 579, 650.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Lappula saxatilis Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 541. 1902.
Type Locauity: “ Rocky sides of canons, Klickitat River, Wash.’’ Collected by
Suksdorf. Not otherwise known.

3. Lappula floribunda (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 2 : 182. 1891.

Echinospermum floribundum Lehm. Pug. 2: 24. 1830.

Type Locatity: “ Lake Pentanguishene to the Rocky Mountains,” collected by Drum-
mond, according to Hooker.

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, Colorado, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Brandegee 986.

4. Lappula diffusa (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891.
Echinospermum diffusum Lehm. Pug. 2: 23. 1830.
Type Looauity: “N. W. America,” collected by Douglas, according to Hooker.
Rance: British Columbia to California, Montana, and Utah.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 475

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whzted 1258; mountains near Ellensburg,
Piper 2669; upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 592; F'leit
1011; Blue Mountains, Horner 121, 341; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

5. Lappula hendersoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 539. 1902.

Type Locauity: “Clemens Mountains, Yakima County, Washington.’’ Collected by
Henderson.

Rance: Eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June, 1881; Upper Yakima, Lyall
in 1860; Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June 14, 1892.

6. Lappula hispida (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891.
Echinospermum diffusum hispidum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 225. 1882.
Echinospermum hispidum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2!: 422, 1886.
Tyre Locatity: Rocky hillsides of Pine Creek near the mouth, Union County, Oregon.
Collected by Cusick.
Rance: Northeastern Oregon and adjacent Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Asotin County, Sheldon in 1897.

7. Lappula ciliata (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891.

Cynoglossum ciliatum Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 24. 1830.

Echinospermum ciliatum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 225. 1882.

Type Loca.ity: “Kettle Falls and Spokane River, Washington.” Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: Spokane and Stevens counties, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chewelah, John K. Ely 55; Spokane, Dewart, May 6, 1901;
Piper 2292; Henderson, June, 1892; Spokane and Kettle Falls, Douglas in 1826; Clarks
Springs, Kreager 95.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

8. Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 329. 1900.

Echinospermum redowskii occidentale S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 246. 1871.

Lappula fremontii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 480. 1901.

Type Locatity: “In the valleys and on the mountains from the Sierras to the Wahsatch.”’

Rance: Alaska to Minnesota and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Berne, Piper, July 7, 1895; Wenache, Whited 32, 1048, 1226;
Ellensburg, Elmer 430; Whited 342, 389; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; North
Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1034; Pasco, Hindshaw 17; Piper 2952; Spokane,
Piper 2691; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 174; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 407; Kalis-
pel Lake, Kreager 441; Meyers Falls, Kreager 502; North Yakima, Henderson, May 25,
1892; Moxee to North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 35; Davis Lake, Kreager 441; Meyers
Falls, Kreager 502; Wenache, Whited, April 15, 1902; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 407.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

A specimen collected at Spokane (Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 928) was erroneously
determined and listed as Lappula lappula (L.) Karst.

9. Lappula cupulata (A. Gray) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 31. 1901.
Echinospermum redowskii cupulatum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 530. 1876.
Lappula columbiana A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 34: 28. 1902.

Type Loca.ity: Trinity Mountains, Nevada. Collected by Watson.
Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 1703.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

Our plant is identical with the type of L. cwpulata.

a Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 242, 1895.

. 4 - =) ee
> ay
é ;

476 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

- CYNOGLOSSUM.

1. Cynoglossum grande Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 25. 1830.
Type Locauiry: ‘Shady Woods, N. W. Coast.’”’ Collected by Douglas.
Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 92; Tort Vancouver, T'olmie.

ASPERUGO.

1. Asperugo procumbens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 138. 1753.
Tyre Locatity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 2721.

MERTENSIA.

Plants tall and leafy, 50 to 100 cm. high, the leaves thin and
broad. ;
Leaves glabrous on both sides or merely papillose above;
calyx smooth on the back.
Calyx lobes elongate, acute, much longer than the fruit.
Leaves few, green, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or
BONEMES 20 Sa oe se ho Co yay a eS oe es See oe 1. M. infirma.
Leaves many, pallid, ovate, acuminate -........ - 2. M. laevigata.
Calyx lobes short and obtuse, or triangular and acute,
not longer than the fruit.
Leaves acute, mostly sessile; calyx lobes obtuse... 3. M. ambigua.
Leaves acuminate, short-petioled; calyx lobesacute. 4. M. brachycalyzx.
Leaves pilose beneath.

Upper leaf surface strigose.
Calyx lobes: camnboont: = .5,..2. cic, stucaens acces 5. M. membranacea.
Calyx lobes not canescent.
Dorsal surface of calyx lobes glabrous . ... -- - 6. M. paniculata.
Dorsal surface of calyx lobes pubescent... .. - 7. M. platyphylla.
Upper leaf surface smooth or merely papillose.
Calyx lobes pubescent on back...........---.-.- 8. M. subcordata.
Calyx lobes glabrous on back... .........------- 9. M. leptophylla.

Plants low, 15 to 40 em. high, the leaves narrow or thickish.
Roots tuberous or fasciculate-tuberous, shallow-seated;
basal leaves, none.
Leaves glabrous or merely papillose above.

Herbage Rot gieu00us 226s -cceve ce gaa eceese as ale 10. M. pulchella.

Marbate Mang0us 3.20 cones kes ccneeansersss 10a. M. pulchella glauca.
Leaves strigose above.

Corolla tube 3 or 4 times as long as the limb. --.-- 11. M. oblongifolia.

Corolla tube once or twice as long as the limb .... 12. M. horneri.
Roots not tuberous, vertical; basal leaves numerous, their
dry bases persistent on the crown.

Leaves pubescent on both sides......-.-.----------- 13. M. pubescens.
Leaves not pubescent on both sides.
Leaves glabrous on both sides. ........-.-.----- 14. M. nutans.
Leaves strigillosé above ...........---.--------- 14a. M. nutans subcalva.
1. Mertensia infirma sp. nov.

Glabrous throughout except the ciliate margins of the leaves and calyx lobes; stems
weak, erect or nearly so, 50 to 60 cm. high; basal and lower cauline leaves oblanceolate,

eS eS ee a Ce

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 477

obtuse, the blades 5 to 7.cm. long, shorter than the margined petioles; middle and upper
cauline leaves lanceolate, acute or acutish, 5 to 10 cm. long, narrowed toward the base,
sessile or short-petioled; inflorescence rather open, the bracts foliaceous; petioles slender,
papillate near the calyx; calyx divided nearly to the base, the lance-oblong lobes smooth
excepting the appressed-ciliate margin, about one-third as long as the corolla-tube; corolla
bright blue, about 18 mm. long, the ampliate limb distinctly shorter than the tube; fila-
ments dilated, longer than the anthers; fruit not seen.

In damp thickets, Ellensburg, April 25, 1897, Kirk Whited 307.

This species is allied to M. intermedia Rydberg, but is at once distinguished by the
larger corolla with relatively longer tube. The type is in the U.S. National Herbarium
(sheet no. 366088) .

2. Mertensia laevigata sp. nov.

Stems stout, erect, more or less glaucous, 40 to 90 cm. high; leaves pale or glaucescent,
‘numerous, the cauline ovate, acuminate, glabrous or somewhat papillate above, glabrous
beneath, ciliate on the margin, 5 to 7 cm. long, short-petioled; inflorescence loose, the
pedicels appressed-pubescent or muriculate; calyx divided nearly to the base, its lobes
lance-oblong, acute, ciliate, smooth on the back, over half as long as the corolla tube;
corolla blue, 14 mm. long, the somewhat ampliate limb as long as the tube; filaments dilated,
shorter than the anthers; nutlets finely muriculate, pale, the scar of attachment central.

The following specimens are referred here: Goat Mountains, 0: D. Allen, no. 231, July 22
1896; Mount Rainier, Piper 2116, altitude 2,000 m., August 15, 1895; type sheet no. 336914
in U. S. National Herbarium; Klickitat River, lett 1199, June 27, 1899; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1195, August, 1898; “California Bob” Peak, Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1383, August
4, 189%; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June 6, 1899; Mount Rainier, Piper 2116.

3. Mertensia ambigua sp. nov.

Stems glabrous and leafy, about 60 cm. high; leaves thin, acute, more or less papillose
above, sparsely scabrous-ciliate on the margins, the lower cauline lanceolate or lance-ovate,
8 or 10 em. long, on petioles of nearly equal length, the middle and upper cauline oblong or
oblong-ovate, or the uppermost ovate and sessile; inflorescence loose and open; pedicels
muriculate; calyx short, its lobes oblong, scarcely broader at base, mostly obtuse, smooth
on the back, ciliate, only one-fifth as long as the corolla tube, and in fruit exceeded by the
nutlets; corolla blue, 12 mm. long, the tube about twice as long as the slightly enlarged
throat; filaments dilated, shorter than the anthers; nutlets pale, distinctly keeled on the
back, slightly tuberculate, the triangular scar central.

Collected by G. R. Vasey in the Cascade Mountains of central Wachinetont in 1889. The
type sheet is in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 296759.

4. Mertensia brachycalyx sp. nov.

Whole plant glabrous except the ciliate margins of the leaves and calyx lobes; stems
stout, erect, leafy, a meter or more high; leaves bright green, lance-ovate, or the lower
cauline lanceolate, smooth beneath, usually papillose above, 5 to 10 cm. long, the lower
ones petioled; inflorescence leafy and open, the flowers in small clusters subtended by a pair
of leafy bracts on slender branches; calyx small, glabrous, the short triangular acute lobes
often unequal; corolla blue, about 12 mm. long, the tube as long as the strongly ampliate
throat; filaments dilated, much shorter than the anthers; fruit whitish, nearly smooth,
convex on back.

Collected near Nason Creek, Chelan County, at an altitude of 1,400 meters by Sandberg
& Leiberg, no. 678, August 14, 1893, the type in the U. S. National Herbarium.

5. Mertensia membranacea Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 33. 1901.
.Typr Locauity: Priest River, Idaho.
Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Davis Ranch near Mount Carlton, Kreager 202, 216.

: he or

478 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

6. Mertensia paniculata (Ait.) G. Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 4: 318. 1838.
Pulmonaria paniculata Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 181. 1789.
Tyre Locauiry: Hudson Bay.
Rance: Alaska to Hudson Bay, Minnesota and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Kreager 190.

7. Mertensia platyphylla Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 548. 1899. ,
¢ Lithospermum denticulatum Lehm. Asper. 2: 294. 1818. 4
Type Locauiry: Montesano, Washington. Collected by Heller. :
RanGE: Western Washington. 7
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3872; New London, Lamb 1168; Skokomish .

River, Kincaid, May 16, 1892. :
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.
According to Hooker the type of Lithospermum denticulatum Lehm. was collected in

“Shady woods near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Douglas. Mr. Tolmie.”

It has usually been considered a synonym of Mertensia sibirica L., but it- ENDRHY will

prove it to be M. platyphylla Heller.

8. Mertensia subcordata Greene, Pittonia 4: 89. 1899.

Tyre Locauity: Roseburg, Oregon.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Henderson 2259; Mount Stuart, Whited 796;
Blue Mountains, Horner 367; Lake & Hull 639; Piper, July 17, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

9. Mertensia leptophylla sp. nov.

Stems glabrous, stout, erect, a meter or more high; leaves ovate, acute, pilose beneatii
glabrous above, ciliate, very thin, the blades 6 to 10 cm. long, all on margined petioles 1
to 3. cm. long; inflorescence loose; pedicels with spreading pubescence; calyx parted nearly
to base, the lobes narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acute, ciliate, smooth on the back; corolla
blue, about 12 mm. long, the slightly enlarged throat as long as the tube; filaments dilated,
shorter than the anthers.

Known only from the Olympic Mountains of Clallam County, the type collected by Elmer,
no. 2826, July 1900, sheet no. 402139 in the U. S. National Herbarium. The plant was
also collected on Mount Storm King by Lawrence, no. 359, July 23, 1904.

10. Mertensia pulchella sp. nov.

Stems erect, solitary or rarely two, glabrous, 15 to 20 em. high; tubers shallow-seated,
simple or fasciculate-branched, black; leaves green, elliptic or ovate, mostly obtuse,
thickish, glabrous beneath, more or less papillose above, scabrous-ciliate, the lower nar-
rowed at base and short-petioled, the middle and upper ‘ones ovate, sessile, often half-
clasping, 2 to 10 cm. long; lowest leaves much reduced, scarious; flowers in a close cluster,
usually 10 to 15; calyx parted nearly to the base, the lobes oblong-lanceolate very acute,
denticulate; corolla blue, its tube three to four times as long as the calyx and nearly as
broad as the ampliate limb; filaments dilated, as long as the anthers; nutlets small, dark
gray, finely muriculate, attached by a pale and prominent scar, inclosed in the tube of the
much enlarged fruiting calyx.

The following collections have been examined:

Idaho: On the lower Clearwater River, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal, 75 and 75a,
April 30, 1892 (type sheet in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 213037); without locality,
Rev. G. Ainslee in 1874; Henderson, April 21, 1894; Lake Waha, Nez Perces County, Heller,
June 2, 1896; Lewiston, Byron Hunter, 11, March 31, 1900.

All the above specimens are from Idaho, close to the Washington line,so that the species
doubtless occurs within our limits.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 479

10a. Mertensia pulchella glauca subsp. nov.
Herbage slightly glaucous throughout; leaves narrower, usually elliptic, mostly nar-
rowed at base; stems often 2 to 4 from the same tuber; corolla tube more slender.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hills west of Wenache, Whited 1010, March 31, 1899; type sheet
no. 366511 in the U. S. National Herbarium; Badger Mountain, Whited, May 24, 1900.
This may well prove a distinct species, but in the light of rather scanty material is con-
sidered too close to M. pulchella.

11. Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 372. 1838.
Pulmonaria oblongifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 43. 1834.
Mertensia longiflora Greene, Pittonia 3: 261. 1898.
Type Locauity: “Towards the sources of the Columbia River.” Collected by Wyeth.
Rance: Washington, Idaho, Montana.
_ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Upper Columbia, Geyer 316; Cheney,
Mrs. Susan Tucker in 1890; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 48; Spokane, Lyall in
1861; Henderson in 1892; Wenache, Whited 1010; Pullman, Piper 1875; Almota, Piper,
April 7, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1883.

12. Mertensia horneri sp. nov.

Stems 8 to 15 em. high, glabrous, solitary or rarely 2 or 3, erect from a shallow-seated
oblong, black tuber; basal leaves none; cauline 2 to 5, oblong, obtuse, pale and some-
what glaucous, appressed puberulent above, glabrous beneath, sessile, or the lower ones
short-petioled, 2 to 3 cm. long; lowest leaves reduced and scarious; inflorescence close;
calyx glaucous, parted nearly to the base, its lobes oblong-lanceolate, very acute, denticu-
Jate-ciliate on the margin; corolla blue, 10 to 12 mm. long, its tube about twice as long as
the calyx; filaments dilated, as long as the anthers.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Washington, Prof. R. M. Horner 366, April 3, 1897,
the type in the U. S. National Herbarium, sheet no. 318875; Union County, Oregon, Cusick,
1830, April 13, 1898.

13. Mertensia pubescens sp. nov.

Tufted from a stout vertical caudex covered with the dead bases of old leaves; stems 10
to 15 em. high, leafy to the top; leaves numerous, the cauline inclined to be secund, linear
or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, only the midrib evident, 3 to 6 cm. long, mostly
about 5 mm. wide, pubescent on both surfaces, the basal ones attenuate into margined
petioles about as long as the blades, the cauline sessile and but little reduced upwards;
panicle short, dense, nodding; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, coarsely ciliate, glabrous on
the back, a third to a fourth as long as the corolla tube; corolla blue, the narrow tube
6 to 8 mm. long, one-half longer than the campanulate limb; filaments dilated, as long as
the anthers. :

Collected near Waterville, Douglas County, by Kirk Whited, 1214, April 23, 1900, the
type sheet in the U. S. National Herbarium no. 370326.

Closely allied to M.amoena A. Nelson and M. bakeri Greene, but distinguished by its
narrow more pubescent leaves and longer corollas.

14. Mertensia nutans Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 491. 1901.

Type Locatity: “On the north side of high ridges, eastern Oregon and Washington.”
The type specimen 1s from Klickitat County, Washington.

RanGeE: Washington and Oregon to Idaho and ? Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Granddalles, Gorman, April 20, 1892; Klickitat County,
Howell, May, 1880; Wenache, Whited 1034; Ellensburg, Whited, April 18, 1897.

ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

14a. Mertensia nutans subcalva subsp. nov.
Leaves minutely strigose above; otherwise as in M. nutans.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, J. S. Cotton, 328, April 29, 1901.

480 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM TUE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

MeRTENSIA MARITIMA (L.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. Pl. 2: 354. 1821. (Pulmonaria
maritima L. Sp. Pl. 1: 136. 1753.)
This species is said by A. Gray @ to occur on the coast of Washington, and it is included
in Suksdorf’s list. There are, however, no specimens in any of the American herbaria to
substantiate the statement.

ERITRICHIUM.

1. Eritrichium howardi (A.Gray) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 327. 1900.
Omphalodes howardi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 263. 1885.
Cynoglossum howardi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 188. 1878.
Tyre Locauity: Rocky Mountains in Montana.
Rance: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 130.

AMSINCKIA.
Nutlets not muriculate, the projections smooth and pavement-like; calyx
Obes Oblong; GRMN. os ccc sce cm os cane caies os eele peers oaks beeree 1. A. tessellata.
Nutlets muriculate-scabrous.
PerGet; -Calye Wns URSET 6 2 osc fonecwcsis cig claw avesencewaeeess ails intermedia.
Spreading; calyx lobes lanosolate or ovate, two or three of them
often UmibOd 5 iase biases ssndevetencs gaceseaiarsncaecbansaye 3. A. lycopsoides.

1. Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 54. 1874.

Tyre Locattry: “Contra Costa mountains near Monte Diablo,’ California.

Rance: Washington to Utah and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, June, 1896 and 44; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20,
1897; North Yakima, Piper 2785; Henderson 2558; Pasco, Piper 2971, 2977; Hindshaw
20; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 312; Coulee City, Piper 3847; Ephrata to Ritzville, Griffiths &
Cotton 489.

ZONAL bisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 26. 1835.

Eutoca menziesii Lehm. Pug. 2: 29. 1830, not R. Br. 1823.

Tyre Locauity: “Hab. cum sequente specie circa coloniam ruthenorum Ross in portu
Bodega Novae Californiae.”

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall, May 10, 1858; Fairhaven, Piper, July 2,
1897; Port Ludlow, Binns; Ellensburg, Piper 2699; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 994,
2007, 390, 995; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 120; Douglas County, Spillman;
Waitsburg, Horner 146, 147; Blue Mountains, Piper; Pullman, Hull 638; Elmer; Almota
Piper 2786; Wawawai, Piper 1838; Colfax, Piper; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Meyers Falls, Kreager 479.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. :

An exceedingly troublesome weed in grain fields of southeastern Washington, locally
known as “tarweed.” The species is extremely variable and Suksdorf segregates from it
three proposed new species, A. arenaria,> A. retrorsa,¢ and A. micrantha.c The characters
relied upon seem very slight and we question their value.

3. Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm.; DC. Prod. 10: 117. 1846. )
Lithospermum lycopsoides Lehm. Pug. 2: 28. 1830.
Amsinckia lycopsoides bracteosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 198. 1878.
Type Locatrry: “Straits of De Fuca, Scouler” according to Hooker.

aSyn. Fl. 2: 200, 1878. > Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133. 1900. ¢ Op. cit. 134.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 481

Rance: Vancouver Island to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Suksdorf 996; Puget Sound, Suckley; Port Ludlow,
Binns, September 25, 1890; Clallam County, Elmer 2754; Fairhaven, Piper, July 3, 1897;
Spokane, Piper 2275; without locality, Cooper in 1854.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

The two forms distinguished by Doctor Gray are probably worthy of recognition, but
unfortunately his subspecies bracteosa is clearly based on the original Lithospermuim
lycopsoides.

PIPTOCALYX.

1. Piptocalyx circumscissus (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 414. 1874.
‘Lithospermum? circumscissum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 370. 1840.
Echinospermum circumseissum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 58. 1875.

Type Locatity: ‘Snake Fort, Snake Country,” Idaho. Collected by Tolmie.

Rance: Washington to Wyoming, Utah, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 404; Sunnyside, Cotton 351; North
Yakima, Henderson, May 26, 1892; Pasco, Piper 2966; Hindshaw 30; Ainsworth, Brande-
gee 991; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 228.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

OREOCARYA.

Corolla tubs-exesoding the:calyx:2)co0.. a ooee eee oe eee ek 1. O. leucophaea.
Corolla tube not exceeding the calyx.
Herbage not very hispid, but decidedly canescent and the inflores-

CETICE TUIWORCONE ote Fae ae GA pce rion one anes ns a Os Mer ects:
Herbage very hispid; inflorescence not fulvescent.
Inflorescence very dense; leaves obtuse.......-.-...-.-.----- 2.0. celosivides.
Inflorescence not very dense; leaves acute......-...-.------- 3. O. spiculifera.

1. Oreocarya leucophaea (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 58. 1887.

Myposotis leucophaea Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 22. 1830.

Eritrichium leucophaeum A. DC. Prod. 10: 129. 1846.

Krynitskia leucophaea A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 430. 1886.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Arid barrens of the Columbia, and of its northern and southern tribu-
taries.”” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Morgans
Ferry, Suksdorf 407; arid barrens of the Columbia, Douglas; Egbert Springs, Sandberg &
Leiberg 93, 373; Scott, Leckenby, May 16, 1898; Pasco, Piper, July 11, 1897; Hindshaw
2; Elmer 1056; Piper 2987; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 997; Wallula, Cotton 1027.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Oreocarya celosioides Kastwood, Bull. Torr. Club 80: 240. 1903.

Type Locauiry: ‘From the banks of the Columbia, eastern Washington.’ Collected
by Howell.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 440; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 359; near Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Klickitat, Howell, June, 1879; without
locality, Brandegee 996.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

This species has been confused with O. glomerata (Pursh) Greene.

3. Oreocarya spiculifera sp. nov.
Tufted from a stout woody caudex, the whole plant pallid; basal leaves numerous,
crowded, spatulate-oblanceolate, acute, only the midnerve evident, densely pubescent o2
29418—06 m——31

482 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

both sides with fine appressed hairs, scattered among these and on the margins tout
hyaline bristles; blades 1.5 to 2 cm. long, exceeding the margined petioles; cauline leaves
few, similar to the basal ones, but with shorter petioles; flowering stems erect, simple, 20
to 30 cm. high, angled, pubescent like the leaves; inflorescence of 8 to 12 alternate, sub-
equal, false racemes, floriferous to their bases, the bracts and calyx pubescent like the
leaves, but the bristles more abundant; bracts linear-lanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the
calyx; pedicels short, soft-hairy; calyx lobes lanceolate, in flower 5 to 6 mm., in fruit 8 mm.
long; corolla white, salver-form, its tube 5 mm. long, its limb 8 mm. broad; appendages
triangulag-ovate, obtuse, short; nutlets pale brown, dull, ovate, obtuse, 3 mm. long, each
with a smooth, narrow margin, the back bluntly tuberculate, the ventral side rugose, the
groove reaching nearly to the apex; gynobase longer than the nutlets.

Type in the National Herbarium, collected at Ritzville, Adams County, by Sandberg &
Leiberg (no. 164), June 6, 1893.

4. Oreocarya sericea (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 58. 1887.
Krynitskia sericea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 279. 1885.
Type Locatity: “Alpine and subalpine on the mountains from Colorado and Utah to —

Oregon and Montana and probably in the British Possessions.”

Rance: Washington to Montana, Colorado, and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1099; Spokane, Piper 2294; Henderson 2563.
ZoNAL pistripuTiON: Arid Transition.

PECTOCARYA.
Nutlets oblong: the wings undulate: 2s 3052355 n een tn tewaese 1. P. penicillata.
Nutlets obovate, the wings entire or wanting.
Nutlots: witiica thin:scarious: wilt. -: o.22 -<.0c ose ~cos Gece seek 2. P. setosa.
PADRE WUE 9 on es ee eee ee cee ee ee nee 3. P. pusilla.

1. Pectocarya penicillata (Hook. & Arn.) A. DC. Prod. 10: 120. 1846.
Cynoglossum penicillatum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 371. 1840.
Tyre vocauity: California.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada. ‘
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 86; North Yakima, Henderson, May 27, 1892;

Pasco, Piper 2967; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Harrington, Sandberg. &

Leiberg 223; Coulee City, Piper 3869; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 984; Rattlesnake

Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 22.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Pectocarya setosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 81. 1877.
Type Locauity: ‘On the desert plains of the upper Mohave River,” California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima County, Brandegee 985; North Yakima, Henderson 2560.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

3. Pectocarya pusilla (A. DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 81. 187.
Gruvelia pusilla A. DC. Prod. 10: 119. 1846.
Type Locatity: “In Chili prope Valparaiso et montem la Leona.”
Rance: Washington to California. Chile.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 410.

PLAGIOBOTHRYS.
Nutlets somewhat cruciform, muriculate. ....:.......---.--------+--- 1. P. tenellus.
Nutlets ovate, carinate, dull, roughened...........----.------------- 2. P. nothofulvus.

1. Plagiobothrys tenellus (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 283. 1885,
M yosotis tenella Nutt.; Hook. Kew. Journ, Bot. 3: 295. 1851,

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. - 483

Plagiobothrys asper Greene, Pittonia 8: 262. 1898.

Type Looauity: ‘Sunny rocky slopes of the mountains along the Coeur d’Alene River,”
Idaho. Collected by Geyer.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Fort
Vancouver, Tolmie; Wenache, Whited 1046; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane,
Piper; Henderson; Sandberg & Leiberg 10; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 990; near Waits-
burg, Horner 160; Wawawai, Piper; Elmer 767; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Plagiobothrys nothofulvus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 285. 1885.
Eritrichium nothofulvum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 227. 1882.
Type Locauity: California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPKCIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 37.

CRYPTANTHE.

Nutlets with scarious crenate wings... 2... ....-...00s005 005255. 1. C. pterocarya.
Nutlets not winged.
Surface of nutlets smooth and shining.
Nutlets solitary or rarely two, narrow, attenuate-acuminate.

Ventral groove simple, elongated at base..........-.. 2. C. flaceida.
Ventral groove bifurcate at base...........-.----.-- 3. C. suksdorfit.
Nutlets four, ovate, acute or short-acuminate.
Ventral groove simple to the base........-.-..--.--- 4. C. affinis.
‘Ventral groove forked at base.
Pubscence setose, spreading ......-.-.-----.--- 5. C. ramulosissima.
Pubescence somewhat appressed. .....-..------- 6. C. torreyana.
Surface of nutlet rough,
Calyx twice as long as the acuminate nutlets.............. 7. C. ambigua.
Calyx little longer than the acute nutlets........-.-.-.--- 8. C. muriculata.

1. Cryptanthe pterocarya (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 120. 1887.

Eritrichium pterocaryum Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 142. 1859.

Krynitskia pterocarya A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 276. 1885.

Type Locauity: “Near E] Paso,’’ Texas.

Rance: Washington to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Hindshaw, May, 1896; Yakima, Henderson in 1892;
Pasco, Hindshaw, May 25, 1896 and no. 41; Piper 2961; Coulee City, Piper 3881; Wilson
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 260; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 995; without locality,
Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Cryptanthe flaccida (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 115. 1887.

Mysotis flaccida Lehm. Pug. 2: 22. 1830.

Eritrichium oxycaryum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 58. 1874.

Krynitskea oxycarya A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 425. 1878.

Type Locauity: “N. W. Coast in dry plains.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima, Henderson in 1892; Coulee City, Piper 3887; Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 304; Sprague, Sandberg & Leibery 173; without
locality, Brandegee 992; Almota, Piper 1702; Waitsburg, Horner 602, 144; Wawawai,
Lake & Hull 820; Elmer 766.

ZoNAL pisrRiBuTION: Upper Sonoran.

484 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Cryptanthe suksdorfii (Greenman).

Krynitskia sukskorfii Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 40: 146. 1905.

Type Locauity: “On dry hillsides near Rockland, Klichitat County,’ Washington.
Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rockland, Suksdorf, June 8, 1904.

4. Cryptanthe affinis (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 119. 1887.

Krynitskia affinis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 270. 1885.

Type Locatity: ‘“ E. side of the Cascades near Lat. 49°.”’ Collected by Lyall in 1860.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley,
ee 455; Klickitat River, Flett 1197; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Hender-

- Kamiak Butte, Piper 3092; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Waitsburg,

tesa 603; along Touchet River, Horner 381.

ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Cryptanthe ramulosissima A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 68. 1899.

Tyee Locauity: Laramie, Wyoming.

Rance: Washington and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Elmer 1054; Piper 2750 and 2951; Henderson 2562;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 24.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

6. Cryptanthe torreyana Greene, Pittonia 1: 118. 1887.

Krynitzkia torreyana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 271. 1885.

Krynitzkia leiocarpa Fisch. & Mey. err. det. Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 142. 1859.

Type Locatity: Grassy hills near San Luis Rey, California, according to label on type
specimen.

Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3882.

6a. Cryptanthe torreyana calycosa Greene, Pittonia 1: 119. 1887.

Krynitskia torreyana calycosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 271, 1885.

Tyre Looauity: ‘‘E. Humboldt Mountains, Nevada.” Collected by Watson.

Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 506; Piper, July 9, 1897; North Yakima,
Henderson, May 29, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 593; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg
& Leiberg 249; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Spokane, Piper, July 6, 1895, 1943; Hen-
derson, June 1, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1942, 1945; Wawawai, Lake, June 4, 1892; Piper,
1944, 3813, 1941; along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 821; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3091.

ZONAL bDisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

There are two forms of this subspecies, one with small corollas and one with large. No
other character seems to be associated with this difference, however.

7. Cryptanthe ambigua (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 113. 1887.

Krynitskia ambigua A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 273. 1885. — ,

Eritrichium muriculatum Torr. Bot. Wilkes. Exped. 17: 416. pl. 1.2. 1874.

Cryptanthe monosperma Greene, Pittonia 5: 53. 1902.

Type Locatity: Nisqually, Washington.

Rance: Washington to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Howell 337; north of Bickleton, Suksdorf 406; with-
out locality, Brandegee 994; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 46, 595.

8. Cryptanthe muriculata (A. DC.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 113. 1887.
Eritrichium muriculatum A. DC. Prod. 10: 132. 1846.
Krynitskia muriculata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 273. 1885.

‘PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 485

Myosotis muricata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 369. 1840, not Lithospermum muricatum
Ruiz & Pavon, 1799.

Allocarya hendersoni A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 69. 1899.

Type Locaity: California.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Kincaid, May 16, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 896;
Olympia, July 4, 1896; Steilacoom, Piper, May 27, 1888; Fourth Plain, Piper 3083;
Vancouver, Tolmie; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 456; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892;
Palouse, Cloud, June, 1895; Goat Mountains, Flett 2156; Cape Horn, Piper 5018; Pullman,
Elmer 155.

Suksdorf lists under Krynitskia two additional species, Cryptanthe leiocarpa (Fisch. &
Mey.) Greene and (. fendleri (A. Gray) Greene. There is no evidence in the Gray Her-
barium that the former occurs in Washington, though Doctor Gray included this State in
‘its range, nor have we seen specimens elsewhere. The Wilkes Expedition plant referred to
C. leiocarpa by Torrey is C. torreyana calycosa, collected near Spokane. Suksdorf’s speci-
men on the basis of which C. fendleri is included in his list seems to be C. ambigua.

ALLOCARYA.
Corolla small, 1 to 2 lines broad; branches prostrate.
Nutlets transversely rugose, not bristly......-....-..-.-.-.-.- 1. A. hispidula.
Nutlets transversely rugose and bristly........-.-.-.-..------ 2. A.subglochidiata.
Corolla large, 3 to 5 lines broad; stems aroches or ascending
Nutlets rugulose, granulate, not stipitate- . Sevtg ca bese cpio ee AOE.
Nutlets rugulose, granulate, stipitate............---.-.------- 4. A. stipitata.

1. Allocarya hispidula Greene, Pittonia 1: 17. 1887.

Type LocALITy: San Bernardino Mountains, California.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell 295; near Mount Adams, Henderson;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2113; Ellensburg, Whited 863; Bingen, Suksdorf 2207; Kettle
Falls, Watson 284; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 403; Harrington, Sandberg & Leberg 217; Spo-
kane, Savage 20; Waitsburg, Horner 138; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman,
Piper, July 20, 1894, 1701, 3022.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

A close ally of A. californica, with which it has often been included.

2. Allocarya subglochidiata (A. Gray).

Allocarya humistrata Greene, Pittonia 1: 16. 1887.

Eritrichium californicum subglochidiatum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 526. 1876.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Placer to Sierra Co.,’”’ California.

Ran@eE: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson, June 13, 1892; Wilson Creek, Lake
& Hull, August 6, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

8. Allocarya scouleri (Hook. & Arn.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 18. 1887.

Myposotis scouleri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 370. 1840.

Erurichium ? scouleri A. DC. in DC. Prod. 10: 130. 1846.

Krynitskia scowleri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 267. 1885.

Type cLocaity: ‘‘Columbia River.”

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Succotash Valley, Piper in 1895; Klickitat County, Suksdorf
45; Howell 336; Seattle, H. S. Meany 531; Clallam County, Hlmer 2753, 2756.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. —

486 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

A specimen collected by Suksdorf May 26, 1881, in Western Klickitat County I would
refer to A. scouleri, but Professor Greene regards it as belonging to his Allocarya hirta.a

4. Allocarya stipitata Greene, Pittonia 1: 19, 1887.

Tyre Locauity: ‘‘In the central part of California.”

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2755; Tacoma, Flett 2, 879; Mason
County, Piper 1053.
- ZONAL pistripuTION: Humid Transition.

MYOSOTIS. ForGet-me-nor.

Perennial; calyx hairs straight: corolla blue....................-.. 1. M. laza.
Annual; calyx hairs hooked; corolla white... - - Pe es ag re 2. M. macrosperma.

1. Myosotis laxa Lehm. Asper. 83. 1818.

Tyre cocauity: ‘‘Habitat in America septentrionale.”’

Rance: Canada to Virginia and Tennessee; Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom, Gardner 415; Walla Walla, Savage 3; Wenache,
Whited 1362.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. I. 46: 98. 1844.

Type Locaity: Texas.

Rance: Washington to New England, southward to California, Texas, and Florida»

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 215; Seattle, Piper 618; White Salmon, -
Suksdorf 295; Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892; Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 1000;
Copper River, Horner 149; Waitsburg, Horner 600; Mount Carlton, Kreager 158.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This species seems amply distinct from M. verna Nutt., to which it is commonly referred.

LITHOSPERMUM.

1. Lithospermum ruderale Doug!.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 28. 1830.

? Lithospermum pilosum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. 7: 43. 1834.

Lithospermum lanceolatum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 333. 1900.

Tyre Locatrry: “Gravelly banks of the Columbia and Multnomah Rivers.” Collected
by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana, Utah, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Wenache, Wiited 1060; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 358; North
Yakima, Léckenby, May, 1898; Flett 1035, Whidby Island, Gardner 213, west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 166; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893, Rock Creek, Sandberg &
Levberg 128, Colville, Lyall in 1861; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860, without locality, Vasey in

1889, Pullman, Elmer 212; Hull 640, Prper 1700, 1699, Wawawai, Lake & Hull 640, Clarks
Springs, Kreager 69; lone, Kreayer 402, Colville Resery ation, Griffiths & Cotton 406.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

MENTHACEAE. Minr Faminy.

Ovary 4-lobed. ;
Corolia nearty repulat, S-cleft..2.0 3.2.2 c2neiccs ose saee TrRICHOSTEMA (p. 487).
Corolla very irregular, apparently 1-lipped ........-.-...- Teucrium (p. 487).

Ovary 4-parted.

Corolla distinctly bilabiate, the upper lip concave.

‘Antheriferous:stamens $2. =. tee eee sc Ramona (p. 488).
Antheriferous stamens 4.
: Calyx with a protuberance on the upper side... .. ScuTe.varia (p. 488). ,

Calyx without protuberance.

a Pittonia 1: 161. 1888.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 487

Upper pair of stamens longer than the lower.

Anther cells parallel .............-<-- AGASTACHE (p. 489)
Anther cells divergent.

Calyx teeth subequal ............. NEpera (p. 489).

Calyx teeth unequal, the upper very

Large. ss (ss) cn eee DraAcocEePHALUM (p. 489).
Upper pair of stamens shorter than the lower.

CAIUS DURDIRUO 388 ~ oecios as scien PRUNELLA (p. 489).
Calyx not bilabiate.

Teeth of the calyx 10, spiny -.---- MARRUBIUM (p. 489).

Teeth of the calyx 5, not spiny.
Flowers opposite; calyx becom-
ing inflated................ PHysosreGia (p. 490).
Eg Flowers whorled; calyx not be-
coming inflated.
Throat of corolla dilated . Lamrum (p. 490).
Throat of corolla not dil-
BUA foc ee coenuctoar ee Sracuys (p. 490).
Corolla nearly reguiar, or wnen bilabiate, the upper lip plane.
Corolla regular or nearly so.

Antheriferous stamens 2.5.22... 2066se- 2s 26c Lycorus (p. 491).
ANtnerferous Soamenaa <a g2ciose cco eee ee ee MENTHA (p. 492).
Corolla bilabiate. 5
Plant creeping; flowers axillary ............-... Mtcromerta (p. 493).
Plant, erect; flowers capitate-verticillate .......- MADRONELLA (p. 493.)
TRICHOSTEMA.

Corolla tube not exceeding tle calyx; leaves membranaceous, costate-
veined _...-.- eee Be han Rte ira a ee ones Saas ie 2 1. T. oblongum.
Corolla tube slender, exserted; leaves crowded, strongly 3 to 5-nervose. 2. 7. lanceolatum.

1. Trichostema oblongum Benth. Lab. 659. 1832-36.
Type Locauity: “In herbidis prope arcem Vancouver.” Collected by Douglas.
RanaeE: Washington and Idaho to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 34; without locality, Douglas; Pullman
Piper 1874; Hull, July 16, 1892.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Trichostema lanceolatum Benth. Lab. 659. 1835-36.

Type Loca.ity: “ Prope arcem Vancouver in siccis ad flumen Multnomah et in Nova Cali-
fornia.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: California, Oregon, Washington?

It is very doubtful if this plant occurs north of the Columbia River. The above state-
ment of Douglas in Hooker’s Flora is the only direct evidence.

TEUCRIUM.

1. Teucrium occidentale A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 349. 1878.
Type Locauity: Nebraska. Collected by Hayden.
Rance: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Nebraska.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Henderson 2533; Toppenish, Griffiths & Cotton 769.

la. Teucrivm occidentale viscidum subsp. nov.

Differs from T’.. occidentale in being viscid-pubescent throughout.

Collected at Mission, Stevens County, in muck land, August 22, 1902, by Frank O. Krea-
ger (no. 482). The type is the sheet in the U. S. National Herbarium no. 441297.

488 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

RAMONA.

1. Ramona incana (Benth.) Dougl.; Briquet, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440, 1894.

Audibertia incana Benth. Bot. Reg. 17: pl. 1469. 1831.

Salvia carnosa Dougl. loc. cit. as synonym.

Tyre vocauiry: “On the plains of the Columbia, near the Priest’s Rapid, anc on the
clayey hills near the Big Birch, in 1826.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1066; Ellensburg, Elmer 110; North Yakima,
Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1029; Henderson, May 21, 1892; Piper, July 10, 1897; Watt
August, 1895; Yakima River, Suksdorf 428; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 362; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 467; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 388; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860;
Crab Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 244; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1890; Coulee City,
Lake & Hull, August 8, 1892; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Soap Lake, McKay 9;
Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Leiberg 60.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

SCUTELLARIA. SkuLLoap.

Flowers small in axillary or terminal racemes. ..........---.------- 1. S. lateriflora.
Flowers larger, solitary in the leaf axils.
Lower lip’of eorolla riot villoits. 2-2-2517. o2 5 macweveiete seas 2. S. galericulata.

Lower lip of corolla villous within.
Corolla 14 to 20 mm. long; leaves oblong, obtuse at each end.. 3. S. antirrhinoides.
Corolla 16 to 25 mm. long; upper leaves linear or narrow, acute
Be BABB sos cSs senate ca pos inns anne ees SE See es 4. 8. angustifolia,

1. Scutellaria lateriflora L. Sp. Pl. 2: 598. 1753.

Tyre vocauity: “ Habitat in Canada, Virginia.”

Rance: Temperate North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall ; Whatcom County,
Suksdorf 1001; Loomis, Elmer 612; Seattle, Piper in 1885.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Scutellaria galericulata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 599. 1753.
Type Locauity: European.
RanaGeE: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Arizona, Nebraska, and North Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Constitu-
tion, Henderson, July 4, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 473; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg
619; Mission, Kreager, August 21, 1902; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake
é& Hull, August, 1892; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Mission, Kreager 492.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3. Scutellaria antirrhinoides Benth. Lab. 440. 1834.

Tyre Locauity: “Prope arcem Vancouver ad ripas Columbiae.” Collected by Scouler.

Rance: Oregon, California, Nevada, and ? Washington.

We have seen no Washington specimens of this species, though Fort Vancouver is given
as the type locality. All recent Washington specimens referred to S. antirrhinoides are
S. angustifolia.

4. Scutellaria angustifolia Pursh, Fl]. 2: 412. 1814.

Tyee Loca.ity: “On the river Kooskoosky.”’ Collected by Lewis, the exact spot oppo-
site Kamiah, Idaho.

“Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 54; Naches, Lyall in 1860;

Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Spokane, Henderson, Mey: 1892; Pullman, Lape
& Hull 598; Piper 1570; Wawawai, Lake 508; Spokane, Kreager 10.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

Se

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 489
AGASTACHE.

TPA OTORNT (ir DOU BWNGG 559. Janeen ens tenis oe eee eae 1. A. urticifolia.
Leaves whibe:peneathse.e nc o.ce cee Cop cse ses Saoea ee cee eee 2. A. occidentalis.

1. Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 339. 1900.

Lophantus urticifolius Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: under pl. 1282. 1829.

“Type Locatity: “From the north-west coast of America.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, Suksdorf 426; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 427;
Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 597; Pullman, Piper 1569; Clarks
Springs, Kreager 142.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Agastache occidentalis (Piper) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 4. 1900.

Vleckia occidentalis Piper, Erythrea 6:31. 1898.

Type Loca.ity: “Six miles southwest of Ellensburg,” Washington. Collected by Elmer.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Wenache, Whited 1434, 1296; Ellensburg, Elmer 396; Tam-
pico, Flett 1040; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 353; lower Naches River, Henderson,
June 13, 1892; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Toppenish, Griffiths & Cotton 673.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

NEPETA.

1. Nepeta cataria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 570. 1753. Catnip.
Type LocALity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hardwick, July 30, 1895.

DRACOCEPHALUM.

1. Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. Gen. 2: 35. 1818.

Type Locaity: “ Around Fort Mandan, on the Missouri.’”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia, eastward to Lake Ontario, and in the Rocky Mountains to
New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 800; Pend Oreille, Lyall in
1861; Medical Lake, Henderson.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

PRUNELLA.

1. Prunella vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 600. 1753. HEALALL.

Prunella vulgaris major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 114. 1888.

TYPE LocaLity: European.

RancE: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2544; Humptulips, Lamb 1205; Muckle-
shoot, Dr. Ruhn; Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Silverton, Bouck 145; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Peshastin, Sandberg & Lieberg 541; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 1445; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2244; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Ket-
tle Falls, Watson 332; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 1, 1892; Pullman, Hull 604;
Clarks Springs, Kreager 128; Mabton, Griffiths & Cotton 570.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

MARRUBIUM.

1. Marrubium vulgare L. Sp. Pl. 2: 583. 1753. Horenounp.
Type Locauity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Lake & Hull 596. A common weed in most parts of the
State.

490 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

PHYSOSTEGIA.

1. Physostegia parviflora Nutt; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 383. 1878.

Type ,Locaity: “Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to Oregon and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mauntains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Lindsleys, Hen-
derson, September 9, 1892; Kettle Falls, Watson 333; Chelan, Elmer 486; Lake Chelan,
Lake & Hull 688; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 320; Mission, Kreager 483.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

LAMIUM.

1. Lamium amplexicaule L. Sp. Pl. 2: 579. 1753.
Tyre LocaLity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Piper 3007.

STACHYS.

Upper leaves sessile, the lower short-petioled................-.------- 1. S. palustris.
Upper leaves not sessile, the lower long-petioled.
Corolla tube little longer than the calyx, calyx lobes subulate-

erintilaten. cc csc ca conswhdee saleccee gated ase tieospee naa k 2. S. bullata.
Corolla tube twice as long as the calyx.
Leaves thick, tomentose and reticulate beneath............. - 3. 8. chamissonis.

Leaves thin, not tomentose.
Corolla 20 mm. long; calyx glabrous or sparsely hirsute;

deavea mubGordates. 22 oi ccc5 ced bass wees caskuaies cease 8 Se
Corolla 12 mm. long; calyx soft-villous; leaves mostly
ONONMA Sc tccsciiss vaestoceasnaG sadien Gaius sm eon tee 5. S. pubens.

1. Stachys palustris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 580. 1753.

Type Loca.itry: European.

Rance: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 55; Vancouver, Suksdorf 2226; Alma, Elmer 541; Parker, Dunn, August
8, 1901; Coulee City, Henderson 2533; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 599; Medical Lake, Hen-
derson 2532; Spokane, Piper; Union Flat, Lake & Hull; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 449;
Spokane, Kreager 541; Mission, Kreager 487; Meyers Falls, Kreager 471.

ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Stachys bullata Benth. Lab. 547. 1834.

Type Locaity: “Hab, in California.”

Rance: Washiagton to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lindsleys, Clarke County, Henderson in 1892; Vancouver, Suks-
dorf 2226; Cape Horn, Suksdorf, August 19, 1894.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Stachys chamissonis Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831.

Type Loca.ity: California.

Rance: California to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, 665, 666, 84.

These specimens are rather intermediate between ciliata and chamissonis. They are
possibly referable to S. flaccida Eastwood, @ but that species is known as yet only from the
type specimen.

a Bull. Torr. Club 29: 80. 1902.

a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 491

4. Stachys ciliata Dougl.; Benth. Lab. 539. 1832-36.

Stachys cooleyae Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 590. 1899.

_ Type Looauity: “Hab. in America boreali-occidentali: ad ripas fluminis Columbiae;
Douglas; Scouler.”’

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3960; Chehalis County, Henderson 2531;
Clallam County, Elmer 2543; Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Cascade Moun-
tains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Seattle, Piper 178; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 667; Tacoma, Flett
121; Lake Quinault, Zamb 1285; Skokomish River, Kincaid; Nisqually Valley, Allen 131;
Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 10, 1886; Goose Lake, Flett 1204; Peshastin, Sandberg
& Leiberg 503; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Ellensburg, Elmer
498; Whited 399; Atanum Soda Springs, Watt; Union Gap, Cotton 490; Nason City, Sand-
Seca & Leiberg; paheal locality, Vasey in 1889.

The leaves vary from nearly glabrous (typical) to soft-pilose but oe tomentose.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5. Stachys pubens (A. Gray) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 581. 1898.

Stachys ciliata pubens A. Gray, Syn. FI. 21: 388. 1878.

Stachys emersoni Piper, Erythea 6: 31. 1898.

Type Locauity: ‘Washington Terr. to Fraser River.”’

Rance: Washington and British Columbia near the coast.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3902; Hoquiam, Lamb 1138; Ilwaco, Savage
9; Ocean Beach, Henderson in 1886; without locality, Cooper in 1854; Ilwaco, Piper 4990,
4919; Port Crescent, Lawrence 281a.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

LYCOPUS.

Plants not stoloniferous; calyx teeth triangular-cuspidate longer than
Ge NUWel ce oc ceos lt cce een ener a cha we paloueas er ees aia Sonic Cer eile:
Plants stoloniferous at base.
Calyx teeth subulate longer than the nutlet; leaves sharply serrate... 1. L. lucidus.
Calyx teeth obtuse, shorter than the nutlet...............-.----- 2. L. uniflorus.

1. Lycopus lucidus Turez:; DC. Prod. 12: 178. 1848.

Lycopus lucidus americanus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 286. 1870.

Type Locatity: ‘In montibus Ircutiae.”

Rance: Washington to California, Kansas, and Saskatchewan.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Lake & Hull 600; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 600;
Spokane County, Suksdorf 601; Mabton, Cotton 749.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Lycopus uniflorus Michx. Fl. 1: 14. 1818.

Lycopus macrophyllus Benth. Lab. 185. 1833.

Lycopus communis Bicknell in Britton, Man. 803. 1901.

Type Locauity: ‘‘Hab. ad Lacus S- Joannis et Mistassins.”’

Rance: British Columbia and Oregon to Labrador and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 15; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf 1439; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-59; fopehs, Conaré
405.

This species has heretofore been referred to L. virginicus L. and thus appears in Suks-
dorf’s list.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Lycopus americanus Muhl.; Bart. Fl. Phila. Prod. 12. 1815.
Lycopus sinuatus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 26. 1816.
Type Locaity: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

492 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Temperate North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lakeview, Henderson, July 25, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 566,
1450; North Yakima, Watt August, 1895; Henderson, June 18, 1892; Alma, Elmer 543;
Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 602; Spokane, Piper, October 1, 1900; Usk, Kreager 354; Seattle,
Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

MENTHA. Munt.

WhOrs OF HOWOTS:A AXUIAIY. 025. cco8 7 + one ee ace oa ote ae seen 3. M. canadensis.
Whorls of flowers in terminal spikes, or some in the upper axils.
Leaves lanceolate, sessile or nearly so; spikes slender..........-... 1. M. spicata.
Leaves ovate, petioled; spikes thick.............-...-..-.------ 2. M. citrata.
1. Mentha spicata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 576. 1753. SPEARMINT.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Dania, Germania, Anglia, Gallia.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt August, 1895; White Salmon, Suksdorf.

la. Mentha spicata viridis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 576. 1753.
Type Locatity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Vancouver, Piper; White Salmon, Suksdorf.

2. Mentha citrata Ehrh. Beitr. 7: 15). 1792.
Tyre Locauity: “ Europa.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 155.

3. Mentha canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 577. 1753.

Type Looauity: “ Habitat in Canada.”

Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California and Virginia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2545; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Tacoma,
Flett 874; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August 6, 1892; McKay 16; North Yakima, Watt
August, 1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Meyers Falls, Kreager 506; Spokane,
Dewart, July 15, 1901; Piper, September 1, 1900; Prosser, Cotton 654; Clealum Lake,
Cotton 842; Mabton, Cotton 748.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3a. Mentha canadensis borealis (Michx.).

Mentha borealis Michx. F |. 2: 2. 1803.

Mentha canadensis glabrata Benth. Lab. 181. 1833.

Mentha arvensis perardi Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss 3: 215. 1895.

Type cocatity: “Hab. juxta amnes ad sinum Hudsonis defluentes.”’

Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis River, Lamb 1235; Silverton, Bouck 146a; Skamania
County, Suksdorf 1000; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 663, 664; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Lake
Chelan, Lake & Hull 601; Pullman, Lake & Hull 601; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Kreager 481; 557, 446; Seattle, Piper, August, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3b. Mentha canadensis lanata (Piper).

Mentha arvensis lanata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 223. 1902.

TYPE Loca.ity: Parrott, Lincoln County, Washington. Collected by Lake & Hull.

Range: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August 5, 1892; Parrott, Lake &
Hull 603; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 601; Newport, Kreager, August 11, 1902; Mount
Carlton, Kreager 295.

a

Poe wed y -~"s

a - FRPP A oS gy pee

om

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 493

MICROMERIA.

1. Micromeria chamissonis (Benth.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 289. 1894.
YERBA BUENA.
Micromeria douglasti Benth. Lab. 372. 1834.
Thymus? douglasii Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831.
Thymus? chamissonis Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831.
Type Loca.ity: California.
Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California.
. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually
Valley, Allen 23; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper; Woodlawn, Henderson,
June 22, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 349.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

MADRONELLA.

Leaves narrowly oblong, green on both sides......-...--..--------- 3. M. odoratissima
Leaves ovate-lanceolate.
Paler beneath; nerves not prominent.........-.--.------------ 1. M. discolor.
Not paler beneath; nerves prominent. -.......-.-.------------- 2. M. nervosa.

1. Madronella discolor Greene, Leaflets 1: 169. 1906.

Monardella discolor Greene, Pittonia 2: 24. 1889.

Type Locatity: “Near Clealum, Washington.’”’ Collected by Greene.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clealum, Greene, August 14, 1889; Ellensburg, Elmer 373;
Whited 547; without locality, Vasey, in 1889; Yakima, Brandegee; ‘coast prairies,”
Cooper; Mount Rainier, Piper 2078(‘).

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Madronella nervosa Greene, Leaflets 1: 169. 1906.

Monardella nervosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 322. 1901.

Type Locauity: “The arid region of Eastern Washington.’”’ Collected by Sandberg &
Leiberg.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg, in 1893; Okanogan County,
Whited 195; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 705; Tampico, Henderson 2527; Cowiche
Creek, Cotton 464; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 413; Yakima, Howell; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 760.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

3. Madronella odoratissima Greene, Leaflets 1: 168. 1906.
Monardella odoratissima Benth. Lab. 332. 1832-36.
Type Loca.ity: ‘In petrosis ad flumen Columbia et in rupibus alpestribus in montibus
White Mountains.”’ Collected by Douglas.
Range: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2078; Meyers Falls, Kreager 499.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

. MELISSA.

1. Melissa officinalis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 592. 1753. ; Bato.
Type Locaity: “Habitat in montibus Genevensibus, Allobrogicis, Italicis.’’
This plant is reported as escaped from gardens in Klickitat County, Suksdorf.

494 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

SCROPHULARIACEAE. Fiaworr FAMILY.

Antheriferous stamens 5; leaves alternate........-.-.-...-.-.- WERBAscuM (p. 494.)
Antheriferous stamens 2 or 4; leaves opposite or alternate.
Fifth sterile stamen present.
Corolla spurred at. base’: 242226 20. swt eee dens Linaria (p. 495).
Corolla not spurred.
Sterile stamens represented by a gland or scale on
the upper side of the corolla tube.

Peduncles several-flowered ...........-.----- ScropHuLaria (p. 495).
Peduncles 1-flowered.
Corolla conspicuously bilabiate ......... CoLLinsiA (p. 495).
Corolla nearly rotate. ...............:.. TONELLA (p. 496).
Sterile stamen elongated.
Seeds wingless; anthers woolly or glabrous .... PENTSTEMON (p. 497).
Seeds winged; anthers woolly ..............- CHELONE (p. 503).

Fifth sterile stamen wanting.
Stamens 4, 2 antheriferous, 2 sterile.

Sterile filaments 2-forked, exserted ............-.. ILysaNTHEs (p. 503).
Sterile filaments simple, included .............-..- GRaTIOLA (p. 503).
Stamens all antheriferous.
Stamens 2.
Calyx S-parted 55 sociisc cece ce exe caceers GRATIOLA (p. 503).
Calyx 4-parted.
Leaves alternate, mostly basal .........- SynTuyris (p. 504).
Leaves opposite, at least the lower ...... - VERONICA (p. 505).
Stamens 4.
Corolla nearly regular; leaves entire .........- LimosE.ia (p. 507).

Corolla 2-lipped.
Stamens not inclosed in the upper lip.
Leaves opposite; calyx prismatic.... Mrmutus (p. 507).
Leaves alternate; calyx campanulate. Dierra.ts (p. 519).
Stamens included in the upper lip.
Anther cells equal, parallel.
Ovules 2 in each cell..........- MeLAMpyrouM (p.'511).
Ovules many.
Calyx inflated in fruit; leaves
opposite ................ Rarinanraus (p. 511),
Calyx not inflated; leaves
alternate or verticillate ... PeprcuLaris (p. 511).
Anther cells unequal.
Lips of corolla unequal, the upper

Winget soee cs cu ce wet pees CASTILLEJA (p. 513).
Lips of corolla subequal.

Calyx lips cleft ...........- Orraocarpus (p. 516).

Calyx lips entire ........... ADENosTEGIA (p. 518).

VERBASCUM.
Leaves large, densely woolly; flowers spicate..........-..-------++----- 1. V. thapsus.
Leaves glabrous, or nearly ‘so; flowers racemose.........--------------- 2. V. blattaria.
1. Verbascum thapsus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 177. 1753. MULLEIN.

TYPE LOoALITy: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner 409; North Yakima, Piper; Puyallup,
Piper; Pullman, Piper.

ae

etmek tate Lets Co

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 495

2. Verbascum blattaria L. Sp. Pl. 1: 178. 1753. Mori MULLEIN.
Type Loca.ity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Conconully, Whited 1311; Waits-
burg, Horner, July 25, 1896; Meyers Falls, Kreager 470.

LINARIA.
Plowate yobow, 20-00 go mim. lone: 7s Sate renee ae eee eee ence eee 1. L. linaria.
Piowort tue Gite Smit longs a es econ bios oe lace eo doceay eee 2. L. canadensis.
1. Linaria linaria (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 947. 1880-83. BUTTER-AND-EGGS.

Antirrhinum linaria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 616. 1753.

Linaria vulgaris Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768.

Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae ruderatis.”’

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 383;
Pullman, Piper; Meyers Falls, Beattie & Chapman 2235.

2. Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumort. Bot. Cult. 2: 96. 1802.

Artirrhinum canadense L. Sp. Pl. 2: 618. 1753.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in Virginia, Canada.”

Range: British Columbia to California, east to Nova Scotia and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alki Point, Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Woodlawn, Hender-
son; without locality, Cooper; La Camas, Henderson.

An infrequent plant in Washington, but according to Douglas
Vancouver and the Grand Rapids.”

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

SCROPHULARIA.

“plentiful between Fort

1. Scrophularia californica Cham. Linnaea 2: 585. 1827. Fiaworr.

Type Locauity: San Francisco, California.

Range: British Columbia to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4003; Hoquiam, Lamb 1224; Olympia, Ain-
caid; Goose Lake, Flett 1155; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 4, 1886; Skamania
County, Suksdorf 997; Ellensburg, Whited 688; Pullman, Elmer 879; Piper, July 21, 1894;
Granville, Conard 339; Lwaco Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

A variable species as here understood and possibly consisting of several. The specimens
from near the seacoast are quite fleshy.

COLLINSIA.

Calyx lobes obtuse; inflorescence glandular... -.-..-.----.---- 4. C. rattani.
Calyx lobes acute; inflorescence not glandular.
Filaments hairy at ‘base; calyx lobes much longer than the
tube and much exceeding the capsule; pedicels mostly
BOULOKY, oon te cade cide Gees bode nk< Geb none aieaw sce ee An MPU RUONE.
Filaments glabrous; calyx lobes scarcely longer than the
tube and little exceeding the capsule; pedicels mostly in
whorls. |
Tube of corolla longer than the limb; corolla 5 to 7
POI LOWS (2c. Moria g aoe ae oa ee eae eee 2. C’. tenella.
Tube of corolla shorter than the limb; corolla 8 to 16
mm. long.
Corolla 12 to 16 mm. long; pedicels deflexed in
| Pe ee es RE er aE PSL LT PS trig, Geer 3. C. grandiflora.
Corolla 8 to 10 mm. long; pedicels erect in fruit.. 3a. C. grandiflora pusilla.

496 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Collinsia sparsiflora Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 33. 1835.
Type Locauity: ‘Hab. circa coloniam ruthenorum Ross in Nova California.”
RanGE: California to Klickitat County, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 298.

2. Collinsonia tenella (Pursh).

Antirrhinum tenellum Pursh, Fl. 1: 421. 1814.

Collinsia parviflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18: pl. 1082. 1827.

Collinsia pauciflora Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 94. 1838.

Type Locauity: ‘‘On the banks of the Missouri’’, according to Pursh, but really from
“ Rockford Camp” [The Dalles of the Columbia]. Collected by Lewis.

Rance: British Columbia to Lake Superior, Colorado, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Puget Seund, Cooper;
Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; South Prairie, Lizzie Hardy, May 23, 1890; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf; Tampico, Flett 1183; Pasco, Hindshaw 28; Spokane Valley, Lyall;
Nason Creek, Sandberg & Lieberg 621; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 31; Pullman,
Hull 574; Piper 1656 and June 14, 1893; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 327; Clallam
County, Elmer 2586; Clarks Springs, Kreager 75.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

~

8. Collinsia grandiflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1107. 1827.

Tyre Locauity: “Banks of the Columbia River at a distance of one hundred miles or
more from the ocean.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Ranae: British Columbia to California, and in north Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858;
Steilacoom, Cooper; Piper in 1888; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf; mountains near Lower Cancaies. Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Fort Vancouver,
Garry, April, 1826; Cape Horn, Piper 5004.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3a. Collinsia grandifiora pusilla A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 256. 1878.
Collinsia pusilla Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 506. 1901.
Type Loca.ity: Plumas County, California.
Rance: British Columbia to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 227; Tacoma, Flett 44; Olympia, Kin-
caid, July 4, 1896; Goat Mountains, Allen 240; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 6, 1892.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Collinsia rattani A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 439. 1886.

Type Locatity: Mendocino County, California.

RanaeE: North California to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 24, 1886; White Salmon,
Suksdorf 301; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879.

CotiinsiA MinmMA Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 47. 1834. Type locality, “Flat Head
River.”’ Collected by Wyeth. Range, Washington and Idaho. Specimens examined,
Fort Colville, Lyall, March 30, 1861. This is perhaps not distinct from C. tenella, but the
flowers are decidedly larger. More material is needed.

TONELLA.

Garaiie 6 to 20 mins D6Oad os ososn eo cacec esi nw hele wkecwea bee wees, ao. oR ONOeme
Ooroila:2 torsiming broad saree eee. oo oan Oe Corea cee eee ee Ls COMMBOLUIOEE

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 497

1. Tonella floribunda A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 92. 1876.
Type Locatity: ‘“ Willow thickets of the valley of the Kooskooskee, in the western part
of Idaho.” Collected by Spalding and by Geyer.
_ Rance: Western Idaho and adjacent Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 1003; Almota, Piper 1655; Wawa-
wai, Lake 575; Elmer 103; Asotin Creek, Hunter 92.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Tonella collinsioides Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 378. 1868.

Collinsia tenella Benth.; DC. Prod. 10: 593. 1846, not C. tenella (Pursh) Piper.

Tonella tenella Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 5. 1900.

Type Locatity: ‘In sylvis juxta flum. Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: California to Washington, in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 27, 1881, May 12, 1895;
Lyle, Suksdorf, April 14, 1890.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

PENTSTEMON. WILD FOXxGLOVE.

Anthers woolly.
Foliage glaucous.
Branches erect; leaves oblong to ovate, sessile, gla-

brous; corolla lilac-purple ................-.-.- 1. P. barrettae.
Branches prostrate; leaves broadly ovate, petioled,
puberulent; corolla rose-crimson ........-.----- 2. P. rupicola.

Foliage green, not glaucous.
Plants prostrate or decumbent; leaves small, oval to
orbicular; flowering stems 5 to 20 cm. high.
EREVOR BPICRIO- os 2s os oo wae seen ne eees kanes 3. P. menziesii.
EVR ODUM oven or cbee es ohn te nome 3a. P. menziesii davidsonii.
Plants usually erect, taller; leaves narrow.
Leaves lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, not re-
duced on the flowering stems... ....- aes wx 4. P. lyallit.
Leaves lanceolate, acute, entire or serrate, much
reduced on the flowering stems.
Calyx lobes lanceolate, 0.5 tol em.long:.. 5. P. fruticosus.
Calyx lobes subulate-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5
cm: longs. ese cece ee ne eteses 6. P. scouleri.
Anthers not woolly.
Cells of the anthers splitting their whole length or nearly
the whole.
Plants glabrous, more or less glaucous.
Leaves coriaceous, the upper acuminate; corolla

Esti CRs IONE 225 Sexson co sus pwieuee 7. P. acuminatus.
Leaves not coriaceous, none acuminate; corolla
2 OTE CU HOU EY: ¢ oo, Se aioe eee ee 8. P. glaber.

Plants not glaucous, mostly more or less pubescent.
Margins of the leaves dentate. :
Leaves narrow, oblong, lanceolate, or ob-
lanceolate.
Corolla blue-purple, 1.5 to 2.5cm.long. 9. P. erianthera.
Corolla white, 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
Leaves oblong to lanceolate,
coarsely dentate; sterile fila-
ment beardless .........--.--- 10. P. deustus,

32

29418—06 M

498 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, denticu-
late: sterile filament bearded.. 11. P. variabilis.
Leaves broad, mostly ovate.
Herbage pruinose-puberulent through-

MUbosel ob iAue Us tote ep ose a bes 12. P. pruinosus.
Herbage glabrous or nearly so.
Calyx lobes glandular. .......... 13. P. pinetorum.
Calyx lobes not glandular .....-- 14. P. ovatus.

Margins of the leaves entire.
Herbage puberulent throughout.

Leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate.... 15. P. collinus.

Leaves linear or linear-spatulate.
Corolla tubular-funnelform. .... - 19. P. gairdneri.
Corolla Paping on fas 35 52550%se0s 19a. P. gairdnert hians.

Herbage glabrous.
Flowe:s 2 to 2.5 mm. long.

Corolle luen2t0 econ eae 16. P. procerus.
Corolla pale yellow. .......-...-- 17. P. confertus.
Flowers 3 to 3.5 mm. long .......... 18. P. attenuatus.
Cells of the anthers splitting only at apex, the bases
sac-like.
Leaves glandular-pubescent...........-.-.------- 20. P. glandulosus.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Inflorescence glandular; corolla 3 cm. long... - 21. P. venustus.

Inflorescence not glandular; corolla smaller.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, often in whorls
of 3; corolla purple, 10 to 13 mm. long.. 24. P. triphyllus.
Leaves broader, oblong or ovate; corolla
larger.
Corolla red, 20 to 25 mm. long; leaves
coarsely dentate or lobed... ...---- 22. P. richardsonit.
Corolla blue, 15 to 20 mm. long; leaves
finely serrate or dentate..........- 23. P. diffusus.

¢

1. Pentstemon barrettae A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 440. 1886.
Type Locauity: “ Mountains of Hood River, Oregon, near its confluence with the Colum-
bia.’”’ Collected by Mrs. Barrett.
RanGe: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon near the Columbia River.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 395.

a

2. Pentstemon rupicola Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 510. 1901.

Pentstemon newberryi rupicola Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 397. 1900.

Type Locauity: “Dry rocky cliffs, Mt. Rainier,” Washington.

RanGe: Cascade Mountains of Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2086; Allen 130; without locality, Vasey;
Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Suksdorf 458; Klickitat River, Flett 1164;
Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 667; Lake Chelan, Gorman 587; Cape Horn, Piper 4986.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

3. Pentstemon menziesii Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 98. 1838.

Type Locauity: ‘“Nutka.’’ Collected by Menzies.

Rance: British Columbia and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2176; Henderson; Mount Rainier,
Piper in 1888; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Benson, Macoun

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 499

736; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1320; Silverton, Bouck, July, 1895 and 126; Yakima ac Wai-
son, November 20, 1880; Clallam County, Elmer 2578.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

3a. Pentstemon menziesii davidsonii (Greene).

Pentstemon davidsonii Greene, Pittonia 2: 241. 1892.

Type Locaity: ‘On Mt. Conness [California], at an altitude of 12,300 feet.”

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M.G@rant; Mount Rainier, Allen 279, 2087 ;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf ; Henderson; Flett 1166; Loomis, Elmer 584.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctie.

4. Pentstemon lyallii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 440. 1878.

Pentstemon menziesii lyallii, A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 76. 1865.

Type Loca.ity: ‘“ Between Fort Colville and the Rocky Mountains.’”’ Collected by Lyall.

Rance: Washington, Idaho, and British Columbia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 759, according to the label,
but the specimen is almost certainly from Pend Oreille Lake, Idaho. The species will
probably be found in Stevens county.

5. Pentstemo. fruticosus (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia 2: 239. 1892.

Gerardia fruticosa Pursh, F]. 2: 423. pl. 18. 1814.

Pentstemon crassifolius Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24: pl. 16. 1838.

Pentstemon douglasit Hook. FJ. Bor. Am. 2: 98. 1838.

Pentstemon lewisii Benth.; DC. Prod. 10: 321. 1846.

Pentstemon adamsianus Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 511. 1901.

Type Locaity: “In great abundance in the pine forests of the Rocky Mountains.”
Collected by Lewis, probably in Idaho.

Rance: Cascade Mountains of British Columbia to Oregon, and eastward to west
Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains north of Ellensburg, Whited 715, 1161; Mount Stuart,
Elmer 1204; Sandberg & Levberg 550; Whited 795; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 459 and July 12,
1886 ; Klickitat River, Flett 1152; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 459; Twisp River, Whited,
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Kittitas, Lyall in 1860; Naches Pass, Waéson,
November 25, 1880; Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860, Clealum, Henderson
in 1892; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 686, Puper 2422,
2327.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

Pentstemon crassifolius Lindl. is founded on a specimen with entire leaves, a valueless
character, as both entire and serrate leaves may be found on the same plant and inter-
grades are very numerous; P. douglasi: Hook. is a high altitude form with shorter and
broader toothed leaves; P adamsianus Howell from Mount Adams and Mount St. Helens
is a form with rather large, thinner leaves.

5a. Pentstemon fruticosus cardwellii (Howell).
Pentstemon cardwelli. Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 510. 1901.
_ Type Locatity ; Base of Mount Hood, Oregon.
RanGE. Cascade mountains of Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount St. Helens, Goodwin, July 13, 1903.
This subspecies may be distinguished by its thickish serrulate mostly obtuse leaves.

6. Pentstemon scouleri Lind!. Bot. Reg. 15: pi. 1277. 1829.
Type Locauity. “ Kettle Falls of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas.
Range: Apparently local in northeastern Washington
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Spokane, Miss Kate B. Reed, Mount Carlton, Kreager 274.

500 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

7. Pentstemon acuminatus Dougl.; Lind]. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1285. 1829.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Sandy plains of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sunnyside, Cotton 381; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg, July,
1893; Pasco, Piper 2985; Hindshaw 25; Henderson in 1892; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10,
1886; Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 376; Horse Heaven, Leckenby, May, 1898; Eltopia,
Cotton 1023; Wallula, Cotton 1039. :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

8. Pentstemon glaber Pursh, Fl. 738. 1814.

Pentstemon speciosus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1270. 1829.

Type Locatity: ‘Upper Louisiana.’’ Collected by Bradbury.

Rance: Washington to California, Arizona, and the Dakotas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 29, 1111; North Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898;
Steinweg in 1894; Ellensburg, Piper 2672; Whited 429; Simcoe Valley, Lyall in 1860; Naches
Valley, Lyall in 1860; near Bickleton, Suksdorf 414; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg,
June, 1893; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 185; Fresh Lake, McKay 27; Blue Mountains,
Piper, July 15, 1896; Horner 385.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

9. Pentstemon erianthera Pursh, FI]. 737. 1814.

Pentstemon cristatus Nutt. Gen. 2: 52. 1818.

Pentstemon whitedii Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 490. 1901.

Type Locauity: “Upper Louisiana.’’ Collected by Bradbury.

Rance: Washington to Nevada and the Dakotas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 131, 1112, 1068, 1257, 1166; Spokane, Leiberg
28; Dewart, May 20, 1901.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

10. Pentstemon deustus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1318. 1830.

Type Locauity: “Northwest America on scorched rocky plains in the interior.” Col-
lected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia and Montana to eastern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 95, 1083; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27,
1896; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 170; Blue Mountains, Piper in 1896; along Tukanon
River, Lake & Hull, July 1, 1892; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 711; Piper 1891; Elmer 751.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

11. Pentstemon variabilis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 153. 1900.
Pentstemon paniculatus Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 513. 1901. '
Type vocaity: “In Schluchten ostlich yom Klickitat-flusse,’’ Klickitat County,

Washington.

Rance: Klickitat County, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 417, 999; Howell in 1879; opposite

The Dalles, Howell 162.

12. Pentstemon pruinosus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1280. 1829.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Near Priests Rapids of the Columbia,’”’ Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: Central Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Wenache, Whited 1; Wenache region, Brandegee 1005;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1256, 1255; Ellensburg, Piper 2670; Douglas County, Spill-
man, May 27, 1896; Coulee City, Piper 3859; Lakeside, Griffiths & Cotton, June 17, 1902.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

13. Pentstemon pinetorum Piper.

Pentstemon ovatus pinetorum Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 158. 1901.
Pentstemon veronicaefolius Greene, Leaflets 1: 167, 1906.

eo eet ten

-_. ——_—

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 501

Type LocaLity: Cedar Mountains, Latah County, Idaho.

Rance: Washington and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Hills, Howell 345; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 32;
Atanum River, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 460; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1860; Kellogg & Harford 669; Leavenworth, Savage 48; mountains near
Yakima, Henderson; mountains near Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Kamiak
Butte, Elmer in 1897; Goose Lake, Flett 1157; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chelan
Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 166.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

14. Pentstemon ovatus Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2903. 1829.

Type Loca.iry: “High mountains about the Grand Rapids of the Columbia.”’ Collected
by Douglas.

RanGE: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon, and westward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 16; Mount Rainier, Piper 2068;
Clallam County, Elmer 2576; Cape Horn, Piper 5033.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

15. Pentstemon collinus A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 279. 1898.

Type Locatity: Evanston, Wyoming.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 430; Piper, May 20, 1897; Tampico, Flett
1181; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 26, 1886; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 187.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

16. Pentstemon procerus Dougl.; Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 348. 1829, also
Hook. Bot. Mag. pl. 2954. 1829.

Pentstemon confertus coeruleo-purpureus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 72. 1866.

Pentstemon tolmiei Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 98. 1838.

Penistemon pulchellus Greene, Pittonia 3: 310. 1898.

Type Locaity: “In swampy and overflowed lands between Fort Vancouver and the
Grand Rapids of the Columbia on the north side.”

Range: Alaska to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant; Mount Rainier, Piper 2088;
Smith 751; Allen 298; Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892; Suksdorf in 1886; Flett 1165;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1170; Sandberg & Leiberg 549; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall;
Ellensburg, Whited 436; Yakima, Leckenby, May 10, 1898; Thorp, Whited 401; Klickitat
River, Flett 1178; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886; Spokane, Piper 2636; Palouse,
Cloud in 1894; without locality, Tolmie.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Transition to Arctic.

17. Pentstemon confertus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1260. 1829.

Type Locauity: “In mountainous pine woods in dry sandy soils between Salmon River
and the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, in 48° N. latitude.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 39; Piper 2079; Goat Mountains, Allen 244;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 716; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Ritzville,
Sandberg & Leiberg 189; Leavenworth, Whited 249; Spokane, C. A. Ramm; Pullman, Piper;
Hull; Elmer; Mount Carlton, Kreager 234; Clarks Springs, Kreager 67, 29.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic.

18. Pentstemon attenuatus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1295. 1829.
Pentstemon ellipticus Greene, Leaflets 1: 167. 1906, not Coult. & Fisher, 1893.
Pentstemon confertus globosus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 397, 1900.
Type Loca.iry: ‘ Mountains of Lewis and Clark’s River,” that is, Craig Mountains, Idaho.
Collected by Douglas.

502 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon, and adjacent Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1162, 1254; Mount Stuart, Sandberg

& Leiberg 549; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3093; Elmer 807; Blue Mountains, Horner 384; Piper.

in 1896; Douglas; Yakima County, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Mount Adams, Henderson
August 9, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1295.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

This species is exceedingly variable as to color of the flower. While pale yellow is perhaps
the commonest tint, it varies from pink to dull red, lavender to violet, pale blue to dark blue
and to white. Occasionally all these color forms occur in close proximity.

19. Pentstemon gairdneri Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 99. 1838.

Type Locaity: “Blue Mountains of N. W. America.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 1007; Wenache, Whited 1084; Egbert
Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 355; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall; Simcoe Moun-
tains, Towell 344 and July, 1880; Cleveland, Suksdorf 413; upper Naches River, Hender-
son, June 15, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; without locality, Sheree
May, 1891.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

19a. Pentstemon gairdneri hians Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 396. 1900.

Tyre Locatity: Eastern Washington. Collected by G. R. Vasey.

Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 36; Ellensburg, Piper 2702; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1294.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

20. Pentstemon glandulosus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1262. 1829.

Type Locatitry: “In the Rocky Mts., Lat. 47° N. and at the base of the Blue Mts., on the
banks of the Kooskooskee River.’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Interior of Washington and Oregon and adjacent Idaho.

SPECPMENS EXAMINED: Near Wenache, Whited 30, 1082; Klickitat County, Howell, June,
1879; Yakima Valley, Brandegee 1008; Whitman County opposite Clarkston, Hunter; with-
out locality, Vasey in 1889; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, July, 1881.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

21. Pentstemon venustus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1309. 1830.

Tyre Locatity: “Gravelly channels of rivulets of the Blue Mountains and near the
source of the Walla Walla River.’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Blue Mountains and adjacent Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 712; Piper, July, 1896; Asotin
Creek, Hunter 97; Waitsburg, Horner. Ps

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

22. Pentstemon richardsonii Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1121. 1827.

Type Locauity: “On bare dry rocks in the vicinity of the Columbia and its branches.”
Collected by Lewis.

Rance: Oregon and Washington.

SprcIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 405; Whited 572; Wenache, Whited in 1896,
1306; North Yakima, Piper, July 9, 1897; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 345; Ata-
num Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Cape
Horn, Suksdorf 2319; Parker, Dunn, August 10,1901; Kettle Falls, Watson 300; Columbia
River above the Chelan River, Watson; Fresh Lake, McKay 12; Spokane County, Mrs.
Tucker; Spokane, Piper, July 26, 1896; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; with-
without locality, Cooper; Marcus, Kreager 464.

’ ZONAL pistriBuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

—— ee

ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.. 508

23. Pentstemon diffusus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1132. 1828.

TypPE Loca.ity: “In the districts around the mouth of the Columbia River.’ Collected
by Douglas.

RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2178; Mount Elinor, Jennie V. Getty,
August, 1902; Mount Rainier, Piper 2068; Goat Mountains, Allen 129; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 48; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Goose Lake, Flett 1157; Baldy Peak,
Lamb 1369; Silverton, Bouck 143; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 17, 1892; Skagit Pass,
Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 787; Stehekin, Whited
1386; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 12, 1892; along Twisp River, Whited 218; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 638; Clallam County, Elmer 2585; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 609, 610; Cape
Horn, Piper 5032.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

- 24. Pentstemon triphyllus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl 1245. 1829.

Tyre Loca.ity: “On decomposed dry granite, or schist rocks, on the Blue Mountains of
North-west America.’’

RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “Boundary N. W. Coast,’? Cooper; Columbia Valley, Lyall in
1860; Rockland, Suksdorf 998; Palouse River, Lyall, July, 1860; Snake River, Brandegee
1010; Almota, Piper 1865; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 710.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

CHELONE.

1. Chelone nemorosa Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 12/1. 1829. TURTLEHEAD.

Chelone ramosa Doug].; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 95. 1838.

Pentstemon nemorosus Trauty. Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 5: 345. 1839.

Type Locauity: ‘A native of mountain woods, near springs and rivulets, in the north-
west of North America.’’ Collected by Douglas.

RanGeE: British Columbia to north California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Snoqualmie, Parker; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2080; Allen 275; Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1153;
Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1887; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County,
Elmer 2575; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June, 1892; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

ILYSANTHES.

1. Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnhart, Bull. Torr. Club. 26: 376. 1899.

Gratiola dubia L. Sp. Pl. 17. 1753.

Ilysanthes gratioloides Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 419. 1846.

Capraria gratioloides L. Sp. P|. ed. 2. 2: 876. 1763.

Type Locauity: Virginia.

RanGE: Washington to California and Canada to Texas and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green Lake, Piper 2864; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2192,
1473; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 12, 1892, Waits-
burg, Horner 593; Almota, Piper 2658; Toppenish, Griffiths & Cotton 797.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

GRATIOLA.

Calyx with a pair of bracts equaling the calyx lobes ..............---- 1. G. virginiana.
Calyx bractless.........- Se CAs PS nS cca SRS, SSO oC Ay 2. G. ebracteata.

1. Gratiola virginiana L. Sp. Pl. 1: 17. 1753.
Type cocatity: “Habitat in Virginia.’’
Rance: British Columbia to Canada, south to California, Texas, and Florida.

504 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 691; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892;
Lindleys, Henderson, June 9, 1892; Kalama, Piper, October 31, 1901; Sumas, Lyall in
1858-59; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 12, 1892; Manor, Piper,
July 14, 1899; Spokane, Piper 2641; Pullman, Piper 1664; Hull 708; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 318; Vancouver, Piper 5025.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Gratiola ebracteata Benth.; A. DC. Prod. 10: 595. 1846.
Type Locauity: “In planitiebus terrae Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 472; Roslyn, Whited 472.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

SYNTHYRIS.
Flowers in spikes; leaves not reniform-orbicular.
Petals wanting; leaves ovate, crenate ..................--.-.-.- 1. S. rubra.
Petals present; leaves cleft into narrow segments ...........-.--- 2. S. pinnatifida.
Flowers in racemes; leaves reniform-orbicular.
Petals laciniately incieed. 53. 2. on cacs ceases deus ews eeeks se eure bas 3. S. schizantha.
Petals entire.
Scapes weak, usually shorter than the thin leaves..........-. 4. S. rotundifolia.
Scapes stout, exceeding the thick leaves ............--.-.--- 5. S. reniformis.

1. Synthyris rubra (Dougl.) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 454. 1846.

Gymnandra rubra Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 103. 1838.

Besseya rubra Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 280. 1903.

Tyre cocauity: “ Banks of M’Gillivray’s and Flathead Rivers, near the Kettle Falls of
the Columbia, and in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Douglas. -

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; near Rockford, Watson; Rock Lake,
Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Waterville, Whited 1221; Spokane County, Suksdorf 422;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 58; Pullman, Piper 1658; Elmer 166; Clarks Springs,
Kreager 24. fa A

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Synthyris pinnatifida lanuginosa subsp. nov.

Densely appressed white-woolly. Otherwise as in the species.

Collected in gravelly soil in the Olympic Mountains at 1,650 meters altitude, August 30,
1898, by J. B. Flett (no. 815). The occurence of the subspecies so far detached Irom its
related species of the Rocky Mountains seems remarkable. It may be expected to turn up
in the Cascade Mountains, possibly with intermediate character of pubescence. The type is
deposited in the National Herbarium.

3. Synthyris schizantha Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 223. 1902.

Tyre Loca.ity: Baldy Peak, Olympic Mountains, Washington.

Rance: Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1343; Conard 301, mountains. of Lewis
County near Elbe, Flett 2744.

4. Synthyris rotundifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 285. 1878.

Type cocatity. “Oregon, in shady woods of the Columbia and Willamette.”’

Rance. Washington and Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Chehalis, Gardner 240; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1474; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Fort Vancouver, Wilcox; Puper 4922.

ZONAL pistRiBuTION: Humid Transition. -

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————

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PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 5O5 -

5. Synthyris reniformis (Dougl.) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 454. 1846.

Wulfenia reniformis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 102. pl. 71. 1838.

TYPE LOCALITY: Pignimcti about the Grand Rapids of the Columbia and in the vallies
of the Blue Mountains.”

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kamiak Butte, Elmer 320.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canddian and Hudsonian.

VERONICA. SPEEDWELL.

Annuals; flowers solitary in the axils.
Pubescent; petals blue; leaves crenate.
Pedicels short; upper leaves reduced...............-.-.-- 1. V. arvensis.
Pedicels long; upper leaves not reduced. ..........-......- 10. V. tournefortii.

Glabrous or nearly so; petals white; leaves mostly entire........ 2. V. peregrina.
Perennials; flowers in racemes.
Peduncles terminal.
Capsules elliptic, emarginate; leaves all sessile.
Leaves shorter than the internodes; corolla 5 to 6 mm.
DROME 56 Sao scnnidcte as eee see melee oe niseee dten ke 3. V. alpina.
Leaves longer than the internodes; corolla 6 to 10 mm.
broad.
Corolla.8 to 10 mm. broad, blue ..-.......------- 4. V. cusickii.
Corolla 6 to 7 mm. broad, white...........-...... 5. V. allenii.
Capsules orbicular, obcordate; lower leaves jpetnled. vg toes . 6. V. serpyllifolia.

Peduncles axillary.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; capsule deeply notched... 9. V. scutellata.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate; capsule with a shallow
notch.
Cauline leaves sessile or somewhat clasping........... - 7. V. anagallis-
aquatica.

Cauline leaves short-petioled..............-...-...--- 8. V. americana.

1. Veronica arvensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 13. 1753.

Type Locauity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf ; Waits-
burg, Horner 601; Wawawai, Piper 3825.

2. Veronica peregrina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 14. 1753.

Type Locauity: European.

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2591; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
1478; Ellensburg, Whited. 653; Tampico, Flett 1185; Columbia River, Lyall; Hangman
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 67; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Hull 578; without locality
Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 154; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 334.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

3. Veronica alpina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 11. 1753.

Veronica wormskioldii Roem. & Schult. Syst. 1: 101. 1817.

Tyee Locaity: “Habitat in Alpibus Europae.”’

_ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and New England.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 143a; Mount Rainier, Flett 243; Piper 2083;
Allen 277; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1121; Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892;
Klickitat River, Flett 1154; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 710.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

506 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

4. Veronica cusickii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 288. 1878. xy
Type Locatity: “Alpine region of the Blue Mountains,’’ Oregon. Collected by Cusick,
RanGe: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2587; Mount Rainier, Allen 95; Piper
2084; Paradise Valley, Flett 269; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Mount
Stuart, Brandegee 1019; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 580; Bridge Creek, Elmer 661.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. °

5. Veronica allenii Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 263. 1898.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Along Paradise River on Mt. Rainier, altitude 1,700 m.” Collected
by O. D. Allen.

RanGE: Known only from the type locality.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 95a.

6. Veronica serpyllifolia humifusa (Dickson) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 101. 1838.

Veronica humifusa Dickson, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 288. 1794.

Tyre Locauity: Scotland. ’

Rance: Alaska to California, Colorado, and New England.

SpPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall 1858; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898;
Silverton, Bouck 138; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 598; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1477;
mountains south of Ellensburg, Whited 729; without locality, Henderson, May 24, 1892;
Spokane Valley, Lyall; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 249.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

7. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 12. 1753.
Type Locacity: European.
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860.

8. Veronica americana Schwein.; DC. Prod. 10: 468. 1846.

Type Locauity: ‘In America boreali a Canada et Carolina usque ad flum. Oregon et in
ins. Sitcha.”’

Rance: Alaska to California and the Atlantic States.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck
138a, 138b; Tacoma, Flett 163; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1460; Columbus, Suksdorf;
Klickitat River, Flett 1160; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 368; Wenache, Whited;
Ellensburg, Whited 492; Toppenish, Henderson, May, 1892; Cold Creek, Cotton 3°6:
Tieton River, Cotton 446; Grand Coulee, McKay 15; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 581; Tuka-
non River, Lake & Hull, July 1, 1892; Wawawai, Lake & Hull, June 4, 1892; Pullman,
Piper, July, 1901; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 53.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

9. Veronica scutellata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 12. 1753.

TYPE LocALity: European.

Rance: British Columbia to Quebec, south to California, Minnesota, and New York.
Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Nisqually Valley, Allen 228; west
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1476; Ellensburg, Whited £62,849; Toppenish, Henderson, May
28, 1892; Pullman, Piper, July 3, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Usk, Kreager 357’;
Satus, Cotton 1135.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

10. Veronica tournefortii Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 39. 1805.
Veronica buxbaumii Tenore, Fl. Nap. 1:7. pl. 1. 1811.
Type Loca.ity: “ Prope Carlsruhe,’”’ Germany.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July, 1894.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 507

LIMOSELLA.

1. L. tenuifolia.
2. L. aquatica.

‘AY

1. Limosella tenuifolia Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 17: 29. 1804.
Type LOCALITY: Germany.
Rance: Washington; Labrador to New Jersey. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kalama, Piper, October 31, 1901; Lake Chelan, Elmer 491.

Perhaps only a subspecies of L. aquatica.

2. Limosella aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 2: 631. 1753.
Tyee Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europac septentrionalis inundatis.”’

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and Colorado. Europe. Asia. South

America. ,

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf ; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 193.

MIMULUS.
Flowers reddish or purple.
Corolla with a very long slender tube .......-.-...-.--------- 1. M. subuniflorus.
Corolla with a moderate tube.
Stigmas funnelform.
Leaves elliptic, acute; corolla 1.5 to 2 cm. long... .-- 2. M. nanus.
Leaves ovate, acuminate; corolla 2 to 2.5cem. long.... 3. M. cusickii.
Stigmas 2-lipped.
Flowers very small, about .5 mm. long, pale purple.... 4. M. brewerv.
Flowers large, over 2 cm. long.
Corolla scarlet; stamens exserted....-.....-.--- 5. M. cardinalis.
Corolla rose-purple; stamens included........... 6. M. lewisii.
Flowers yellow; stigmas 2-lipped.
Calyx: not:angled, deeply 5-cloft: 0.2.2 .6202s.e00cc. +0052, 7. M. pilosus.
Calyx 5-angled, 5 toothed.
Perennials. ;
Flowers solitary on scapes..........--------------- 8. M. primuloides.
» Flowering stems leafy.
Leaves pinnately veined.
Porbage plabrous.. .30'=. oie. cso ees cease 9. M. dentatus.
Herbage slimy-viscid, musk-scented_........ 10. 1. moschatus.
Leaves palmately veined.
Rootstocks wanting.
Stems stout or stoutish, 10 to 60'em. high;
leaves not viscid; corolla 2 to 5 cm.
OME Scat g Salen sehen eee ak as 11. M. langsdorfit.
Stems very slender 5 to 20 cm. high, few-
flowered; corolla 12 to 15 mm. long;
leaves aniall iis ee os ae ees 13. M. microphyllus.
Rootstocks present.
Stems 2 to 4 cm. high, mostly 1-flowered;
plants stoloniferous, densely matted,
SIDING og soe ees mea ees 12. M. alpinus.
Stems 10 to 20 cm. high, mostly several-
flowered, arising from slender matted
rootstocks; herbage slimy-viscid...... 14. M. implerus.
Annuals.
Corolla rather large; leaves palmately veined......... 15. M. nasutus.

508 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Corolla small; leaves pinnately veined. '
Calyx teeth unequal, the lower two larger... - -- - 16. M. alsineides.
Calyx teeth subequal.
Fruiting calyx distended.

Corolla 10 to 12 mm. long.............. 17. M. pulsiferae. 7
Corolla 4 to 5 mm. long.....-.-..------ 18. M. breviflorus.

Fruiting calyx cylindrical. |
Leaves sessile; corolla scarcely exceed-

MG CRIS Poe Sa daca oe Se eee ss 19. M. suksdorfii.
Leaves petioled; corolla larger.
Plant erect, not villous. ........-..- 20. M. peduncularis.
Plant spreading or prostrate, villous
and slimy-viscid...........-...-- 21. M. floribundus.

1. Mimulus subuniflorus (Hook. & Arn.)
Mimulus douglasii A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 563. 1876.
Mimulus nanus subuniflorus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 378. 1840
Eunanus douglasii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 374. 1846.
Tyre Loca.ity: California.
Rance: Klickitat County, Washington, to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Hills, Gorman, May 16, 1901.

2. Mimulus nanus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 378. 1840.

Eunanus tolmiei Benth. in DC. Prod. 10; 374. 1846.

Tyre vocauity: California.

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Klickitat Hills, Gorman,
May 16, 1901.

3. Mimulus cusickii (Greene). }
Eunanus cusickii Greene, Pittonia 1: 36. 1887.
Type Locauity: Malheur River, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alkaline soil near Columbia River, Brandegee 1011. :

This species was included by Dr. Gray in M. bigelovii A. Gray, but it seems sufficiently |
distinct. F
4. Mimulus breweri (Greene) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 351. 1901.

Eunanus breweri Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1: 101. 1885. .

Type Loca.ity: “ About Donner Lake,” California.

Range: Washington to California and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2074; Simcoe Hills, Howell 297; Klickitat
Meadows, Flett 1355; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 50, 488; upper Atanum, Henderson, August
3, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; North Yakima, Henderson 2264; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper 2441.

5. Mimulus cardinalis Dougl.; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835.

Type Locauity: California. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: California, Oregon, and ? Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima County, Watt, August, 1895.

It is possible that there has been some confusion of labels with respect to the above
specimen, as we have no further evidence of its occurrence in Washington.

6. Mimulus lewisii Pursh, Fl. 2: 427. pl. 20. 1814.

Mimulus roseus Dougl. Bot. Reg. pl. 1591. 1833.

Type Loca.ity: “‘On the head springs of the Missouri, at the foot of Portage Hill.”
Collected by Lewis.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 509

Range: British Columbia to California, Utah, and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Mount Stuart, Sandberg &
Leiberg 557; Tieton River, Cotton 436; Mount Rainier, Piper 2076; Allen 276; Skokomish
River, Kincaid, June 17, 1892; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens
Pass, Whited 1432; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 571; Bridge Creek, Elmer 646; along
Salmon River, Horner 386; near Berne, Piper, July 7, 1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Entiat Creek; Mrs. Howe.

7. Mimulus pilosus (Benth.) S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 225. 1871.

Her pestis pilosa Benth.; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 57. 1836.

Mimulus exilis Dur. & Hilg. Pac. R. Rep. 5: 12. 1855.

Type Locauity: “North California.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Piper 1800; Watt, August, 1895; Henderson,
October 5, 1892; Walla Walla, Savage 24; Waitsburg, Horner 591; Almota, Piper, July 30,
1897; near Bingen, Suksdorf 2322; Rattlesnake Mountains, Suksdorf 421; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg & Leiberg 357; without locality, Brandegee 1018.

8. Mimulus primuloides Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835.

Mimulus pilosellus Greene, Erythea 4: 22. 1896.

Type Looaity: “Amer. boreali-occid.” Collected by Douglas.

Range: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 1017; Simcoe Mountains, Howell
298; mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 717; Cascade Mountains,
Henderson,. August 4, 1892; east side Cascade Mountains, Cooper in 1853; without locality,
Suksdorf 489; near Mount Adams, Cotton 1474, 1498.

9. Mimulus dentatus Nutt.; Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 372. 1846.
Type Loca.ity: “Ad Oregon flum.” Collected by Nuttall.
RanGE: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ilwaco, Piper 4917.

10. Mimulus moschatus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18: pl. 1118. 1827.

Mimulus moschatus longiflorus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2 ': 447 1886.

Mimulus moschatus pallidiflorus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 154. 1900.

Tyre Loca.ity: “Margins of springs in the country about the river Columbia.’’ Col-
lected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. ;

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 160; Skokomish
River, Henderson, June 17, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 490; Klickitat River,
Flett 1159, 1179; Fort Vancouver, Douglas in 1825; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Chenowith, Suksdorf 2320; without locality, Cooper; Tieton River, Cotton
483; Stevens Pass, Whited 1431; Sandberg & Leiberg 762; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull,
August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 745;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2411; Lake & Hull 689; without locality, Brandegee 1016.

11. Mimulus langsdorfii Donn; Sims, Bot. Mag. pl. 1501. 1812.

Mimulus guttatus DC. Cat. Monsp. 127. 1813.

Type Locauity: Unalaska.

Rance: Alaska to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3986, 4006; Grays Harbor, Lamb 1065;
Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 221; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall
in 1859; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid; Tacoma, Flett; Silverton, Bouck 140; Klickitat
River, Flett 1145, 1149; Tieton River, Cotton 459; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 417;
Cold Creek, Cotton 394; Ellensburg, Whited 476; Wenache, Whited; west Klickitat County
Suksdorf 2136, 202, 475, 473; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Spanaway Lake, Piper 2085;

510 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Manor, Piper; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg 618; Coulee
City, Lake & Hull 570; Fresh Lake, McKay 11; Union Flat, Piper, July 9,1901; Wawawai,
Hull; Elmer 777.

12. Mimulus alpinus (A. Gray).

Mimulus luteus alpinus A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863 : 71. 1863.

Mimulus scouléri caespitosus Greene, Pittonia 2: 22. 1889.

Mimulus caespitosus Greene, Journ. Bot. 24: 8. 1895.

Type Locaity: ‘“ Alpine region of the Rocky Mts.’”’ Collected by Parry.

Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 288; Piper 2070; Allen; Greene in 1889;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 479, 418; Bridge Creek, Elmer 642; Horseshoe Basin, Lake &
Full in 1892.

13. Mimulus microphyllus Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 371. 1846.

Mimulus luteus depauperatus A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 567. 1880.

Type Locauity: “In rupibus ad flumen Oregon.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf'478; Flett 1146; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 477, 2321.

14. Mimulus implexus Greene, Journ. Bot. 33: 8. 1895.

Mimulus tilingii Regel, err. det. Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 110. 1885.

Type Loca.ity: “Higher Sierra Nevada of California.”

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2177; Elmer 2583; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 471, 472.

15. Mimulus nasutus Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 112. 1885.

Tyre Locauity: “In Sonoma County, Cal. at Knight’s Valley and Skagg’s Springs.”

Rance: Washington and idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; upper Naches River, Henderson
in 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 202, 419, 480, 476, 481; Rock Lake, Sandberg &
Leiberg 110a; Almota, Piper 2783; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1363.

16. Mimulus alsinoides Dougl.; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835.

Mimulus alsinoides minimus Benth. loc. cit.

Type Locauity: ‘America boreali-occid.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 223; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 483; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 420, 484; Cascade Mountains
to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; mouth of the Columbia, Scouler.

17. Mimulus pulsiferae A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 98. 1876.

Type Locauity: “California in the Sierra and Indian Valleys of the Sierra Nevada.”
* Rance: Middle California to Klickitat County, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Glenwood, Flett 1163; Klickitat River, Flett 1148; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf, 486 and June 10, July 30, 1885.

18. Mimulus breviflorus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 45. 1901.

Type Locatity: Pullman, Washington.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf’ 793, 485; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 203; Ellensburg, Whited 652; Spokane, Piper 2764, 2640; Waitsburg, Horner 592;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2440; Pullman, Piper 1858; Wawawai, Elmer 774.

19. Mimulus suksdorfii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed 2. 2': 450. 1886.
Type Locauity: Mt. Paddo (Adams). Collected by Suksdorf.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. bt]

Rance: Washington to Utah and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 487.

20. Mimulus peduncularis Dougl.; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835.

Type Locarity: ‘ America boreali-occidentalis.”” Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Trout Lake, Suksdorf; Falcon
Valley, Suksdorf ; Wenache, Whited; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 114; Wawawai, Elmer
752; Almota, Piper; Toppenish, Griffiths & Cotton 796; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 651.

21. Mimulus floribundus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1125. 1827.

Mimulus serotinus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 154. 1900.

TypE Loca.ity: ‘On moist rocks in the interior of the districts of the Columbia River.”
Collected by Douglas.

RaAnGE: British Columbia to California and Colorado.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whiied 847; North Yakima, Henderson in 1892;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 205, 2185; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 709; Sprague,
Henderson, May 30, 1892; bars Touchet River, Horner 266; Spokane, Watson 309; Piper;
Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 926; without locality, Dr. Cooper; Wawawai, Elmer 754;
Almota, Piper, June 28, 1894.

MIMULUS JUNGERMANNIOIDES Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 154. 1900. Type
locality, near Bingen, Klickitat County, Washington. Specimens examined, near Bingen,
Suksdorf 1470. This species is very close to the preceding, but it is perhaps distin-
guishable by its broader and shorter, more deeply cordate leaves. According to Suksdorf
it perennates by means of bud-like tubers formed on the tips of stolon-like branches.

MELAMPYRUM.

1. Melampyrum lineare Lam. Encyc. 4: 22. 1797.
Melampyrum americanum Michx. Fl. 2: 16. 1803.
Type Locaity: ‘‘ Amerique septentrionale.”’
Rance: Washington to Hudson Bay, southward to North Carolina.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Box Canyon, Kreager 409.

RHINANTHUS.

1. Rhinanthus crista-galli L. Sp. Pl. 2: 603. 1753.

TyPE LocaLity: European.

RanGE: Washington to New England, north to Alaska and Labrador. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby island, Gardner 224; Admiralty Head, Piper in 1898;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Loomis, Elmer 596; Spokane County, Suksdorf;
Palouse City, Henderson; Fort Vancouver, Scouler, according to Hooker.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. ‘Transition.

PEDICULARIS.
Leaves lanceolate, doubly-crenulate..................-.-.-.----- 6. P. racemosa.
Leaves pinnately parted.
Flowers purple.
Corolla beakless; seashore plant..............-.-.....--- 3. P. parviflora.
Corolla beaked; alpine plants.
Beak long and filiform, curved.............-.......- 1. P. groenlandica.
‘Beak shortiandiconitales: 223-7 4 see esa ee 2. P. ornithorhyncha.
Flowers yellowish or whitish.
Corolla yellow, with a slender inrolled beak.............-- 4. P. contorta.

Corolla whitish, with a broad hood-like beak,.,....------- 5. P. bracteosa.

512 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Pedicularis groenlandica surrecta (Benth.) Piper, Mazama 2: 100. 1901.

Pedicularis surrecta Benth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 107. 1858.

Type Locauity: “N. West Interior.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Big Creek Prairie, Lamb 1398; Mount Rainier, Piper 2072;
upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 89; Clallam County, Elmer 2580; Cascade Mountains latitude
49°, Lyall in 1859; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 26, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg &
Leiberg August, 1893, 709; Bridge Creek, Elmer 668.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Pedicularis ornithorhyncha Benth; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1838.

Type Loca.ity: “Mt. Rainier.’’ Collected by Tolmie.

RanGeE: Cascade Mountains of Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 92; Piper 2069, 397; Smith in 1889; Mount
Stuart, Brandegee 1027; Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Horseshoe Basin, Lake &
Hull 577; Entiat Creek, Mrs. Howe; Monte Cristo, Misses Coffin & Goodspeed.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

3. Pedicularis parviflora Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 26: no. 4. 1813.
Pedicularis palustris wlassoviana Bunge; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 283. 1849.
Pedicularis wlassoviana Stev. Monogr. 27. pl. 9. fig. 1. 1823.
Tyre Locauity: “On the west coast of North America.’’ Collected by Menzies.
Rance: Alaska to Labrador and Oregon. Siberia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINBD: Point Orchard, Parker in 1888.

_ 4. Pedicularis contorta Benth; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1838.

Tyre cocatity: “Mt. Rainier.’ Collected by Tolmie.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2071; Allen 91; Smith in 1889; Mount
Stuart, Elmer 1173; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 738; Blue Mountains, Horner 387;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1704.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

5. Pedicularis bracteosa Benth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 110. 1838.

Type Loca.ity: “Shady alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Drum-
mond. “N.W. Am.” Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2577; Mount Rainier, Piper 2077;
Allen 90; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 556; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Skagit
Pass, Lake & Hull 576; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 443; along Twisp River, Whited 194;
Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Horner
134; without locality, Brandegee; Mount Carlton, Kreager 270.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

6. Pedicularis racemosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1838.

Type Locaity. ‘Abundant on the summit of the high mountains of the Grand Rapids
of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas. ‘‘Mt. Rainier.’’ Collected by Tolmie.

RanGE. British Columbia to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 14; Clallam County, Elmer 2579; Goat Moun-
tains, Allen 88, Mount Rainier, Piper 2073; along Twisp River, Whited 193; Stevens Pass,
Sandberg & Levberg 743; Martin, Henderson, July 20, 1892; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 3, 1900,
east side Cascades, Lyall, without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 350.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 513

CASTILLEJA.
Annual; stems slender, erect; leaves entire, narrow. ..........-.----- 1. C. exilis.
Perennials.
Bracts whitish or yellowish; galea shorter than the tube of the
corolla. :
ales short and broad <<. 2205) 22 Sess ee ergs oe 2. C. pallescens.
Galea slender.
Eunescence harais'..ceis 1080 on ee hee eee eo eee 3. C. lutescens.
Pubescence soft, pilose.
Lip one-third as long as the galea .............--- 4. C. camporum.
Lip over one-half as long as the galea...........-- 5. C. levisecta.

Bracts scarlet or crimson (occasionally yellow); galea as long or
longer than the corolla tube.
Leaves and bracts cleft into linear lobes.

Stems glabrous below; bracts crimson or white... . --- - 6. C. oreopola.
Stems pilose to the base; bracts scarlet.
Galea much longer than the corolla tube .-..-.... - 7. C. rupicola.
Galea about equaling the corolla tube......-...--- 8. C. angustifolia.

Leaves and bracts entire, very rarely cleft.
Stems from slender rootstocks; bracts green, with scarlet

| a Cy a a ae Ra a a 12. C. suksdorfiit.
Stems from a stout caudex.
Bracts rose-purple; leaves viscid-puberulent. - . - - - - 9. C. elmeri.

Bracts scarlet; spikes very dense.
Leaves glabrous; bracts entire.

Plants erect; leaves rather thin. ......_-.- 10. C. miniata.

Plant decumbent; leaves thick.........-- 11. C. dironit.
Leaves puberulent, not viscid; bracts, or some

of them, lobed or toothed .............-.-- 13. C. crispula.

1. Castilleja exilis A. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 100. 1904.

Castilleja stricta Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 354. 1900, not DC. 1846.

Type Locauity: Ruby Valley, Nevada.

Rance: Washington to Montana, Nevada, and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima City, Piper 2845; Satus, Elmer 1066; Toppenish, Grif-
fiths & Cotton 772; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1395.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Castilleja pallescens (A. Gray) Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 266. 1898.

Orthocarpus pallescens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 384. 1868.

Euchroma pallescens Nutt.; A. Gray, loc. cit. as synonym.

Orthocarpus parryi A. Gray, Am. Nat. 8: 214. 1874.

Tyre Locatity: None given.

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Wenache,
Whited 1079; Ellensburg, Piper 2703; Klickitat River, lett 1144; Mount Adams, Fett
1177; Henderson, 2269, August 9, 1892; Pasco, Hindshaw 29; Piper, May 26, 1899; Kittitas
Mountains, Whited, May 27, 1896; Loomis, Elmer 569, 593; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg,
June, 1893; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Douglas
County, Henderson 2267; Spokane County, Henderson 2268; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Coulee City, Piper 3852.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

Geyer’s 291 referred by Hooker to C. septentrionalis Lindl. is C. pallescens. The “C.
pallida Kunth” of Cooper’s Report, page 67, is probably this species.

, 29418—06 M 33

514 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

8. Castilleja lutescens (Greenman) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 359. 1900.
Castilleja pallida lutescens Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 265. 1898.
Type Locaity: “Prairies, Spokane Co., Washington.” Collected by Suksdorf. The
above is the first cited specimen. ,
Rance: Idaho. British Columbia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 141; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3086;
Pullman, Elmer 816; Lake, June, 1892; Mount Carlton, Kreager 149.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Castilleja camporum (Greenman) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 532. 1901.

Castilleja pallida camporum Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 266. 1898.

Castilleja lutea Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 268. 1898.

Tyre Locauity: “Low prairies, Spokane Co., Washington.’’ Collected by Suksdorf.
(The first cited specimen.)

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 80; Silver Lake, Henderson;
Spokane, Henderson 2266; Spangle, Piper 2833, 3540; Fulimen, Piper 2826; Lake & Hull.

ZONAL pisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

5. Castilleja levisecta Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 268. 1898.

Tyee Locauity: “Mill plain, Washington,” in Clarke County. Collected My Howell;
the first specimen cited.

Rance: Western Washington and Vancouver Island.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 236; Port Ludlow, Binns, June 15, 1890;
Roy, Allen 83; Mill Plain, Howell 279; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, May, 1898 ; Seattle,
Hindshaw, July, 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6. Castilleja oreopola Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 264. 1898.

Castilleja miniata alpina Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 155. 1900.

Type Locauitry: “In damp ground, on Mt. Adams (Mt. Paddo), Hi Be altitude
1840 to 2150 m.”’ Collected by Suksdorf.

RanGe: Mountains of western Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, September, 1895; Mount Rainier,

lett 2197, 294; Piper 2081; Allen 95a; Goat Mountains, Allen 134; Mount Adams, Suksdorf

2046; tear Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 696; Bridge
Creek, Elmer 696; Clallam County, Elmer 2590.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

7. Castilleja rupicola Piper, Erythea 6: 45. 1898.
Type Locauity: “On perpendicular cliffs, Paradise Valley, Mount Rainier, Washingloee sd
RanGE: Known only from Mount Rainier.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2075; Allen; Flett 2128.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

8. Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 616. 1837.

Castilleja douglasii Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 530. 1846.

Castilleja desertorum Geyer; Hook. Journ. Bot. and Kew. Mise. 5: 258. 1853.

Euchroma angustifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 46. 1834.

Type Locatity: “Native in dry prairies on the borders, of the Little Cosa River,
near the source of the Columbia.”’

Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kamiak Butte, Moore 2324.

This species and its subspecies have very generally been confused with the Bis? distinct
Alaskan C. parviflora Bong.

od

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 515

SUBSPECIES OF CASTILLEJA ANGUSTIFOLIA.

Leaves entire ......-..-...---.-----------+----------- 8a. C. angustifolia whitedir.
Leaves cleft.
Stems sparingly pilose.
Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 2 to’5 cm.
MNES S632 4a SSS Sak eta ibe aa sees 8b. C. angustifolia bradburii.
Leaves ovate-oblong to obovate, 1 to2.5cm.long.. 8c. C. anguatyfolie abbreviata.
Stems densely pilose.
Leaves harshly pubescent; stems 40 to 50 cm. high;

leaves short, not spreading. .............----- 8d. C. angustifolia hispida.
Leaves less harsh; stems 10 to 30 cm. high; leaves
Wander. apreading:... <. 24... 3....-..ee08i 90. 8. C. angustifolia.

8a. Castilleja angustifolia whitedii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 399. 1900.
Type Locatity: Wenache, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1141.

8b. Castilleja angustifolia bradburii (Nutt.) Fernald, Erythea 6: 48. 1898.

Euchroma bradburii Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. '7: 47. 1834.

Castilleja bradburii G. Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 4: 616. 1837.

Type LocaLity: ‘Little Goddin River, sources of the Columbia.”

Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Orcas Island, Lyall;
Tacoma, Flett 104; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Bear Prairie, near Mount
Rainier, Allen 133; Klickitat River, Flett 1151; Clealum, Whited 362; Mount Adams, Flett
1162; Roy, Allen 84; Wenache, Whited 5; Spokane Valley, Lyall; without locality,
Vasey 451.

ZONAL bDistriBuTION: Arid Transition.

8c. Castilleja angustifolia abbreviata Fernald, Erythea 6: 49. 1898.
TyPE LocaLity: Olympic Mountains, Washington.
Rance: Olympic Mountains.
SPECIMENS BXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2175; Clallam County, Elmer 2582.

8d. Castilleja angustifolia hispida (Benth.) Fernald, Erythea 6: 48. 1898.

Castilleja hispida Benth.; Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 105. 1838.

Tyre Locatity: “Common on dry soils of the NW. coast, especially about Fort Van-
couver.” Collected by Douglas, by Scouler, by Tolmie, and by Gairdner.

Rance: Washington to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kamiak Butte, Piper 3096, 3095, 3097; Blue Mountains , Piper
2435; Almota, Piper 2323, 2798.

9. Castilleja elmeri Fernald, Erythea 6: 51. 1898.
Type Loca.ity: “On Wenatchee Mts., 19.3 km. north of Ellensburg, Washington.”’
Rance: Mount Stuart and Wenache Mountains.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1179, 1180; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 457.

10. Castilleja miniata Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 106. 1838.

Type Locauiry: “Blue Mountains, N. W. America.” Collected by Douglas and by
Tolmie.

Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1160; Fairhaven, Piper, September,
1892, 2807; Silverton, Bouck 144; Mount Rainier, Piper 2082; Mount Adams, Flett 1143;
Klickitat River, Flett 1150; Tacoma, Flett 46; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 616; Wenache,
Whited 157; Atanum Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 573;
Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 616; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Pullman, Piper

516 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1668; Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Skamania County, Suksdorf; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 599; Seattle, Dizon in 1898; Quinault, Dizon in 1898;
Kettle Falls, Watson in 1880; Puget Sound, Cooper; Ellensburg, Whited 700.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Hudsonian.

Narrow-leaved forms of this species have erroneously been referred to C. linariaefolia
Benth.

11. Castilleja dixonii Fernald, Erythea 7: 122. 1899.

Type Locauity: “Abundant on the seashore, in gravelly or sandy soil, usually just above
high-water mark, Quinault Indian Agency, Washington.”

RANGE: Ocean coast of Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Quinault, Dizon svaly's 17, 1898; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition;
Ilwaco, Piper 4957.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. é

This is very closely related to C. miniata Douglas, and is perhaps merely a seashore
form of it.

12. Castilleja suksdorfii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 311. 1887.

Type Loca.ity: “Alpine meadows and springs of Mount Adams, Washington, at 6,000
to 7,000 feet of elevation.’’ Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Mount Adams and vicinity.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 198, 600; mountains of Skamania County,
Suksdorf; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1506.

13. Castilleja crispula sp. nov.

Perennial from a stout woody crown; stems erect or nearly so, 20 to 30 em. high; whole
herbage sparsely crisp-puberulent ; leaves lanceolate, acute, broadest near the sessile base, -
3-nerved, 2 to 4 cm. long, all entire or the uppermost with a few teeth; spike short and
dense; bracts broader than the leaves, scarlet-tipped, all or at least the upper ones few- -
toothed near the apex; calyx villous, about equally cleft beforé' and behind, each lateral
segment cleft about midway into two attenuate-lanceolate, acute, lobes; corolla.about 3
em. long, the glandular, puberulent galea green except a thin scarlet margin, nearly straight,
as long as the sparsely pilose tube; lip small, the three teeth saccate-involute, acute; ovary
elliptic-acuminate; stigma 2-lobed.

A species very close to C’. miniata Dougl. differing i in its ae seis hentngt and the
dentate bracts.

Specimens have been examined as follows, all from Washington: Mount. St, Helens,
Coville, 768, July 18, 1898, sheet 380051 in the National Herbarium (type); same locality,
L. L. Goodwin, 26, July 13, 1903.

Sd

ORTHOCARPUS.
Perennial; galea hooded, obtuse; lip obscurely saccate...........-.- 1.0. pilosus.
Annual.
Lobes of lower lip of corolla well developed.
Galea bearded on the back; filaments pubescent........... 2. O. purpurascens.

Galea naked; filaments smooth.
Spike short and dense; bracts with broad obtuse white
lobes. - : ovessctece sc “B. Oscuptiieoides.
‘Spike sicieder- prota with diendor iskess rep aeg en ae Swiss 4. O. attenuatus. —
Lobes of lower lip of corolla very small.
Lip simply saccate, scarcely larger than the galea.
Bracts very different from the leaves, the upper ones
entire.
Galea hooked at the tip; bracts obtuse.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 517
Corolla minutely pubescent; herbage scabrous
and sparsely hirsute-ciliate...........-.... 5. O. tenuifolius.
Corolla glabrous or minutely granular-puberu- ~
lent; herbage puberulent, not at all hirsute- :
GUNATEA Co Sa ena eS es oats oe 6. O. imbricatus.

Galea straight not hooked, its tip glandular Sep
cent; bracts all acute_....--- . 7.0. barbatus.
Bracts less diflcscn from the leaves, ‘a 3 @ lobed.
Flowers purple; leaves all 3-cleft.......-...-....- 8.0. bracteosus.
Flowers yellow; leaves mostly entire....--.--.-.- 9. O. luteus.

Lip with 3 conspicuous swellings, much larger than the galea.
Flowers very small 4 to 6 mm. long, dull purple; leaves
pinnatifid or bipinnatifid into filiform segments. --.- - 10. O. pusillus.
Flowers larger 12 to 20 mm. long; leaves simply pinnate
with slender lobes or entire.
Corolla sulphur-yellow, 2 to 2.5. cm. long; anthers F
MOON Sis oot ie volo a otis BEES tna 8 o-cs = hans 11. O. erianthus.
Corolla white, about 1 cm. long; anthers 2-celled.. 12. O. hispidus.

1. Orthocarpus pilosus S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 231. 1871.

Type Locauity: “In Washoe Valley, Nevada.”

Ranae: Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September 2, 1904 (an unusually glandu-
lar form).

2. Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835.
Type Loca.ity: California. Collected by Douglas.
Range: Oregon and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle (introduced), Hie June 4, 1891.

3. Orthocarpus castilleoides Benth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835.

Type Looaity: California. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: On the seacoast, Puget Sound to Monterey.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition; Oyhut, Lamb 1269; Whidby
Island, Gardner 239; Lillewaup, Piper in 1890; Astoria, Cooper; Everett, Piper 4987;
Copalis, Conard 385.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Orthocarpus attenuatus A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 121. 1857,

Type Locatiry: Corte Madera, California.

Rance: British Columbia to Middle California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner, 225; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; near
Tacoma, Flett 191, 2123, May 5, 1895; Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

5. Orthocarpus tenuifolius (Pursh) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 536. 1846.

Bartsia tenuifolia Pursh, Fl. 2: 429. 1814.

Tyee Locatity: “On the banks of Clark’s River.’’ Collected by Lewis. The exact
locality is near the mouth of the Lolo fork of the Bitterroot River, Montana.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and west Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Wilbur, Hender-
son, July 12, 1892; Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Cow Creek, Lyall; Spokane
County, Suksdorf 425; Spokane, Dewart; Pullman, Piper 1666: Clarks Springs Kreager
18; Okanogan to Grand Coulee, Wilkes Expedition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

518 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

6. Orthocarpus imbricatus Torr.;S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 458. 1871.
Orthocarpus olympicus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 60. 1903.
Type Locatity: “In the Cascade Mts., Oregon.” Collected by Newberry.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2574; Flett 85.

7. Orthocarpus barbatus Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 574. 1902.

Tyre Loca.ity: “At the junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Douglas County,”’ Wash-
ington. Collected by Sandberg and Leiberg.

Rance: Central Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 234; Moses Lake, Griffiths &
Cotton 613; Fort Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

8. Orthocarpus bracteosus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835.

Type Loca.ity: “Ad flum. Columbia.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to northern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 167; without spans Cooper; Seattle,
Piper; east of the Cascades, Wilkes Expedition.

9. Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. Gen. 2: 57. 1818.

Orthocarpus strictus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 1835.

Type Loca.ity: Near Fort Mandan, North Dakota.

Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parrott, Lake & Hull 701; “high timbered regions of Sreltec
Spalding ; Colville, Lyall; Usk, Kreager 359.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

10. Orthocarpus pusillus Benth. Seroph. Ind. 12. 1835.

Tyre Locauity: California. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades and Sierrse.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3877; Clallam ring Elmer 2592; Seattle,
Piper, May, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 8.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

11. Orthocarpus erianthus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 1835.
Type Loca.ity: California. Collected by Douglas.
Rance: California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Seattle, Piper 552, introduced from California.

12. Orthocarpus hispidus Benth.; DC, Prod. 10: 535. 1846.

Treg Locauity: “Ad flumen Oregon.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and northern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silver Lake, Henderson 2265; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 465, 466;
- Wenache Region, Brandegee 1023; Ellensburg, Whited 497; Spraguc, Sandberg & Leiberg

153; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Henderson 2265; Pullman, Piper, 1665, July 28, 1894;
Elmer 832; without locality, Vasey 450; Colville to Spokane, Wilkes Expedition...

ZONAL bDistRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

ADENOSTEGIA.

1. Adenostegia capitata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 180. 1891.
Cordylanthus capitatus Nutt.; DC. Prod. 10: 597. 1846.
Type Locauity: “In Nova California.” Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to Idaho and Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Fett 1161; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, August,
1880; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, July, 1880; Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; without
locality, Brandegee 1024; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 519

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.
The Brandegee specimen was referred by Gray erroneously to A. ramosa (Nutt.), a
species not known from Washington.

DIGITALIS:

1. Digitalis purpurea L. Sp. Pl. 2: 621. 1753. FoxGLove.
Type Locatity: “In Europae australiore.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Union City, Piper. Abundantly introduced along the lower
Columbia River.

VERBENACEAE. Versena Faminy.

VERBENA.
Stems prostrate or decumbent; bracts exceeding the flowers. .........-- 1. V. bracteosa.
Stems erect; bracts shorter than the flowers.
Herbage densely soft-pubescent......-.-.....--.--.--------------- 2. V. stricta.
Herbage glabrous or’ nearly..so. <<2.552). 2525. sie ones 5 dee nana Ce arabe Vor RGSHOG:

1. Verbena bracteosa Michx. Fl. 2: 13. 1803.

Type Locatity: “In regione Illinoiensi et in urbe Nashville.”

Range: Washington to California, Wisconsin and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Egbert Springs,
Sandberg & Leiberg 340; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Prosser, Henderson, May 26,
1892; Wenache, Whited 1373; Almota, Lake & Hull 606; Wawarni, Piper 1542; Mission,
Kreager, August 22, 1902; Meyers Falls, Kreager 474; without locality, Vasey in 1889;
Prosser, Cotton 621.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition:

2. Verbena stricta Vent. Descr. Pl. Jard. Cels. pl. 53. 1800.
Type Locauity: Illinois.
Ranee: Washington to Ohio and Texas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Meyers Falls. Kreager 475.

8. Verbena hastata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 20. 1753.

Verbena paniculata Lam. Encyc, 8: 548. 1808.

Type cLocauity: ‘Habitat in Canadae humidis.”

Rance: Washington to Canada, New Mexico, and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fllensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Piper, August 6, 1894; Alma, Elmer 587; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 605; Almota,
Piper, August 26, 1894, Meyers Falls, Kreager 469; Toppenish, Cotton 787.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

SOLANACEAE. NicursuHape FAmMILy.

Fruit a berry; corolla campanulate or rotate.
Corolla campanulate, calyx campanulate becoming large and bladdery.. PHysatis.

Corolla: nitate: aly mae e565 oa oa is SS RG ad ene deep danee SOLANUM.
Fruit a capsule; corolla funnelform.
Capsule prickly ; leaves dentate in ours.................-.---.------- Datura.
Capsule‘not prickly; leaves entire... ... 22.0550. S202 2s eee ee ee late NICOTIANA.
PHYSALIS.
Herbage pubescent; fruiting calyx sharply 5-angled.............-.-.--- 1. P. pubescens.
Herbage glabrous, fruiting calyx obscurely 5 to 10-angled.-.....-.----- 2. P. 1xocarpa.

1. Physalis pubescens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 183. 1753.
Type Locacity: Habitat in India utraque.

520 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Rance: California to lowa, New York, and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson 2496.

2. Physalis ixocarpa Brot.; Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 26. 1819.
Type cocauity: “Habitat unknown.” Probably originally from Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Bingen, Suksdorf 2284.

SOLANUM.
Perennial; climbing vine; leaves 3-lobed or 3-divided............-..-. 2. S. duleamara.
Annuals; erect or prostrate.
Plant armed with prickles; flowers yellow; leaves pinnatifid.....- .. 1. S. rostratum.
Plant not prickly. :
Stems prostrate; leaves deeply pinnatifid .................-..- 3. S. triflorum.
Stems erect; leaves ovate, repand or entire...........-.---.- 4. S. nigrum.

1. Solanum rostratum Dunal, Sol. 234. 1813.
Type Locauity: “In horto Monspeliensi cultum.”
Rance: Colorado and Nebraska to Texas. ’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897 (introduced).

2. Solanum dulcamara L. Sp. Pl. 1: 185. 1753. BirreRsweEet.
Tyre Locatity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Piper 1889; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 583; Spokane, Kreager 545; Selah Valley,
Cotton 882. J

3. Solanum triflorum Nutt. Gen. 1: 128. 1818.

Type Locauity: “Near Fort Mandan.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Henderson 2495; Ellensburg, Whited, July,
1897; North Yakima, Piper 1806.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

4. Solanum nigrum L. Sp. Pi. 1: 186. 1753.

Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Orbis totius cultis.”

Rance: Temperate North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; eae Flett
67; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1480, 2317, 2318; North Yakima, Proper 1787; Ophir,
Elmer 525; Wawawai, Elmer, June, 1897; Squaw Creek, Colton 871.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION; Upper Sonoran and Transition.

DATURA.
Flowers white; prickles of the fruit unequal, the lower shorter -. .- - _.. 1. D. stramonium.
Flowers purplish, prickles of the fruit equal..............-.-.---.-.- 2. D. tatula
1. Datura stramonium L Sp. P! 1: 179 1753 JIMSON WEED.

Tyre Locaity: “ Habitat in America, nunc vulgaris per Europem ”
Reported in Suksdorf’s list, but we have seen no Washington specimens.

2. Datura tatula L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1:256. 1762.
Type Locauity. Unknown

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Pullman, Piper, September 8, 1894; near Wawawai, Piper in
1902.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 521

‘ NICOTIANA.

1. Nicotiana attenuata Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 276. pl. 27. 1871.
Type Locatity: “ Rather common in the valleys and dry lower canyons of Nevada.”’
Rance: Washington to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Elmer 478; Whited 1329; North Yakima, Mrs. Stein-
weg in 1894; Watt, August, 1895; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 201; Bingen, Suksdorf
1482; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 477; Pasco, Henderson, June, 1892; Crab and Wilson
creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 317; near Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull 584; Almota, Piper,
September 9, 1896, August 26, 1894; without eee Vasey in 1889; Moxee to North
Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 49. ’

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

OROBANCHACEAE. Broomrart Faminy.

Anther cells not separated, their bases rounded....-.........--- Bie Se hoe BoscHNIAKIA.
Anther cells separated below, the bases mucronate. ‘
No bracts on the calyx or the elongated peduncles... ...........--.- THALESIA.
One or two bracts on the calyx or the short pedicel. .......-......-- OROBANCHE.
THALESIA.
Calyx lobes subulate, longer than the tube. -............-...-.-.--.--- 1. F. uniflora.
Calyx lobes triangular, shorter than the tube................-.------- 2. F. fasciculata.

1. Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 298. 1894.

Orobanche uniflora L. Sp. Pl. 2: 633. 1753.

Aphyllon uniflorum Torr. & Gray in Gray, Man. ed. 1. 290. 1848.

Thalesia purpurea Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 313. 1897.

Aphyllon minutum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 155. 1900.

- Aphyllon sedi Suksdorf, loc. cit.

Type Locatity: “Habitat in Virginia.”

Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, Virginia, Texas, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2555; Whidby Island, Gardner 242;
Baldy Creek, Lamb 1331; Tacoma, Flett 198; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 463; Yakima,
Henderson, May 25, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 327; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall in 1858; Kittitas,
Lyall in 1860; Bingen, Suksdorf 2323; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2130; upper Naches
River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2089; Blue Mountains,
Horner 396, 397; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894; Almota, Piper 1809; Horseshoe Basin, Lake
& Hull 780; Clarkston, Hunter 41; Wawawai, Elmer 776; without locality, Cooper;
Stuart Island, Lawrence 101.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Thalesia fasiculatd (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 298. 1894.

Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. Gen. 2: 59. 1818.

Aphyllon fasciculata Torr. & Gr. in Gray, Man. ed. 2. 281. 1856.

Type Locauity: “In sandy alluvial soil about Fort Mandan,” North Dakota.

Range: British Columbia to California, Nebraska, Indiana, and Saskatchewan.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fleit 101; Elmer 2556; J. M. Grant in 1889;
Whidby Island, Gardner 241; near Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2098, 2102; Wenache, Whited, May 25, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1238;
Pasco, Hindshaw 37; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 298; Coulee
City, Piper 3873; Blue Mountains, Horner 399, 398; Wawawai, Piper, May 26, 1894; Illia,
Lake & Hull 779; Big Meadow, Kreager 415; Spokane, Dewart in 1901; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 679.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

—

522 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

5
b
OROBANCHE. :
Flowers pedicellate.
Stems-low, stout; anthers woolly - -.... 0. .-2- 202. edeusecs a0 ckd 1. O. comosa.
Stems taller; anthers glabrous or hairy. ..........---...-.-..--- 2. O. californica.
Flowers subsessile; anthers glabrous or nearly so.
Stems tuber-like at base, branched above. ........-.-.-.-.----- 3. O. pinorum. |
Stems not tuber-like at base, usually simple. ......-...-...-..-- 4. O. ludoviciana.

1. Orobanche comosa Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 92. 1838.

Aphyllon comosum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 584. 1876.

Phelipoea comosa A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12? : 54. 1860.

_Tyre vocauiry: “ Banks of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas, by Scouler, and by
Gairdner.

RanGeE: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 358; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 82; with-
out locality, Brandegee 1029; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 456; Chelan, Elmer 506;
Grand Coulee, Lake & Hull 778; Soap Lake, McKay 3; Squaw Creek, Cotton 876; Rattle-
snake Mountains, Cotton 764; Flat Top Island, Lawrence 103; Sucia Island, F lett 2755.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

2. Orobanche californica Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 134. 1828.
Aphyllon californica A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 584. 1876.
Tyre vocauity: “E vicinia portus St. Francisco,” California.
Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla region, Brandegee 1030.

3. Orobanche pinorum Geyer; Hook. Kew. Journ. Bot. 3: 297. 1851.

Aphyllon pinetorum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1; 585. 1876.

Tyre Locauity: “Top of high mountains near St. Joseph, Coeur d’Aleine country.
Growing on the roots of Abies balsamea,”’ Idaho. Collected by Geyer.

Rance: Eastern Washington and Idaho. el

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall, June, 1860; Ione,
Kreager 403.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

4. Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. Gen. 2: 58. 1818.

Aphyllon ludovicianum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 585. 1876.

Type Locauity: “In sandy alluvial soils around Fort Mandan,” North Dakota.

RanGeE: Washington to Saskatchewan, Texas, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 436; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 2248; Wawawai, Piper 2842; Lake Chelan, Gorman 720; Craigs Ferry, Cotton
1343; Granddalles, Westgate in 1905; “on'roots of Psoralea verrucosa in the light drift sand
desert at the mouth of Lewis and Walla Walla rivers,” Geyer. *

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

BOSCHNIAKIA.

1. Boschniakia strobilacea A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 118. 1856.

Type Locatity: “Dry and rocky hills South Yuba,” California.

RancGE: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Foulweather, Howell; near Union City, Piper in 1890;
Bitter Lake, near Seattle, Piper 1127; Springfield, Robbins, May 10, 1897.

The common host plants are Gaultheria shallon and Arctostaphylos tomentosa.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 583

PINGUICULACEAE.

Aquatic plants; leaves dissected............-.----:+----+--+----2---- Urricunaria.
Terrestrial plants; leaves entire. .........--.-------- peal Sy OR ate a PINGUICULA.

UTRICULARIA. B.LappEerwort.

Leaves 2 to 3-pinnately divided, very bladdery; flowers large... --. -- - 1. U. vulgaris.
Leaves repeatedly dichotomous; flowers small.
Bladders mostly on leafless branches ..........-.-.------------- 2. U. intermedia.
Bladders among the leaves.
Spur of corolla short and obtuse... ........---.-.----------- 3. U. minor.
Saurof coroile conical, acute. i005 .5 1... 2. ae ene yeee 2x 4. U. occidentalis.

1. Utricularia vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 18. 1753.

Type Locariry: European.

Rance: British Columbia to California, Texas, and Newfoundland.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mud Lake, near Seattle, Piper 1103; Whidby Island, Gardner
368; Olympia, Kincaid, June, 1896; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 468.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Utricularia intermedia Hayne, Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1: 18. 1800.

Type Locariry: “Habitat in inundatis prope Berolinum et Upsaliam.”

Ran@eE: Subarctic regions, southward to California, Ohio, and New Jersey. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 168.

8. Utricularia minor L. Sp. Pl. 1: 18. 1753.

Type Locatity: European.

Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward to California, Utah, and New Jersey.
Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mud Lake, near Seattle, Piper in 1891; Olympia, Kincaid in
1896; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2239.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Utricularia occidentalis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 95. 1884.
Type Loeauity: “Washington Territory in Falcon Valley.’’ Collected by gare aaie
Ranee: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 169 (type), 469; ‘Hendereon,

2. PINGUICULA.

1. Pinguicula vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 17. 1753,

Type LocaLiry: European.

Rance: Oregon to the Adirondacks and northward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2526; Mount
Rainier, Piper 2067; Flett 237; Silverton, Bouck 177a; Mount Stuart, Limer 1212;
Brandegee 1031; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 582; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 793;
Loomis, Elmer, September, 1897.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic.

PLANTAGINACEAE. PuantTain FaAmity.

PLANTAGO. PLANTAIN.
Leaves ovate or lanceolate.
Seeds numerous; leaves ovates..-u. nec oe cdce cece e-$h--------- 1. P. major.
Seeds only 2 to 4; leaves lanceolate.............-.-.-.-.-.------- 2. P. lanceolata.

524 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Leaves linear.
Corolla lobes spreading in fruit. ;
Leaves fleshy; seaside plant. .............-.-.....-.-.-..-.:. 3. P. maritima.

Leaves not fleshy.
Spikes woolly; bracts short .............-0s.--s0-eceen6 & PF. purent.
Spikes not woolly; bracts long. ............-..2...--.--: 5. P. aristata.
Corolla lobes closed over the fruit. .
Spikes short, dense; capsules 3 to 4mm. long -............-.-. 6. P. bigelovii.
Spikes slender; capsules 2 mm. long............-.-.-.-.-..-- 7. P. elongata.

1. Plantago major L. Sp. PI. 1: 113. 1753.

TYPE Locauity: European.

RanGpy Nearly cosmopolitan.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck in 1899; Seattle, Piper, July 1, 1895; beiceeses
Flett 223; Ellensburg, Whited 548; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895.

One form of this plant found on gravelly lake shores and in salt marshes seems to be
native.

2. Plantago lanceolata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 113. 1753.
Tyre Locatity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck; Pullman, hi de July 20, 1894.
A common weed in lawns and pastures.

3. Plantago maritima L. Sp. Pl. 1: 114. 1753.
Type Locauity: “ Habitat in littoribus marimis Europae borealis.”
RanGE: Seacoasts, Labrador to New Jersey and Alaska to'California. Europe. Asia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 252; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895;
Tacoma, Flett 118; Clallam County, Elmer 2817.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

4. Plantago purshii Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3: 120. 1818, _

Plantago lagopus L. err. det. Pursh, Fl. 1: 99. 1814.

Plantago gnaphalioides Nutt. Gen. 1: 100. 1818.

Plantago patagonica gnaphalioides A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2'; 391. 1878. *

Type Locauity: “In dry situations on the banks of the Missouri.”

Rance: British Columbia to Ontario and Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Wenache, Whited 169, 1097;
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 392; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Pasco,
Hindshaw 1; Henderson, June 12, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiherg 278;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 141, 16; Chelan, Elmer 505; Lake
Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 13, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Wawawai, Lake & Hull
655; Piper, June 9, 1894; Okanogan, Griffiths & Cotton 285; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton
546; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 256; Wenache, Griffiths & Cotton 145.

ZONAL DistTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

5. Plantago aristata Michx. Fl. 1: 95. 1803.

Plantago patagonica aristata A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 269. 1806.

Type Loca.ity: “In pratensibus Illinoensium.”

Rance: British Columbia to Dakota, New Mexico, and Texas. Spreading as a weed
eastward.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Gardner 376.

6. Plantago bigelovii A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 117. 1856.
Type Loca.ity: Benicia, California.
Rance: British Columbia to California along the coast.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 424; Seattle, Piper & Smith 1088.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. |

7. Plantago elongata Pursh, Fl. 2: 729. 1814.
Plantago pusilla Nutt. Gen. 1: 100. 1818.
Type Locatity: “In Upper Louisiana.”
RANGE: Washington to New England and sas:

525

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 306; Major Creek, Suksdorf, May 4, 1886.

RUBIACEAE. Mapper Faminy.

Leaves whorled, without stipules
Leaves opposite, stipulate

Annuals; fruit hispid or hirsute.
Leaves mostly in 4’s; stems erect, smooth
Leaves 6 to 8 in each whorl; stems rough on the
angles.
Stems erect or ascending; fruit 2 to 3 mm.
broad

Stems reclining; fruit 4 to 6: mm. broad.......

Perennials.
Stems wholly herbaceous.
Leaves 3-nerved in whorls of four.
Fruit hispid.
Leaves oblong-ovate, acutish
Leaves obovate or orbicular, obtuse. - -
Fruit canescent, becoming smooth; leaves
linear
Leaves 1-nerved.
Whorls containing four, five, or six leaves;
fruit smooth.
Flowers in clusters of three, or solitary-
axillary
Flowers cymose, numerous. ......--- -
Whorls containing six leaves; fruit not
smooth.
Fruit granulate-scabrous.......--.-- -
Fruit hispid with hooked hairs... .. - -
Stems suffrutescent.
Herbage glabrous.
Leaves ovate, thiek.. 2.05 .2.... 20500500 -
Leaves oblong, thin
Herbage puberulent; leaves ovate .......-.-.. -

1. Galium vaillantii DC. Fl. Fr. 4: 263. 1805.

Gauium (p. 525).
KeELiLocera (p. 527).

. bifolium.

. vaillantir.
. aparine.

. kamtschaticum oreganum.
. kamtschaticum.

5. G. boreale.

Galium aparine minor [us] Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 290. 1833.

Galium aparine vaillantii Koch, Fl. Germ. 330. 1837.
Tyre Locaity: Near Paris, France.
Rance: British Columbia to California and Texas.

. trifidum.

. Cymosum.

. asperrimum.
. triflorum.

. multiflorum.
. multiflorum watsoni.
. multiflorum puberulum.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1659 (?); between Coulee City
and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Piper 3855; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3858.

2. Galium aparine L. Sp. Pl. 1: 108. 1753.
Type Locauitry: European.

Rance: Alaska to Canada, southward to California and Texas.

Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4007; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Peshastin,

526 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Sandberg «@ Leiberg 505; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1659; Skokomish River, Hender-
son, May 12, 1892; Pullman, Piper.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3. Galium bifolium S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 134. 1871.

Type Locaity: “In the Trinity, Battle, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in
the Wahsatch.”’

Rance: Washington to California, Colorado, and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 328; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1101;
Klickitat River, Flett 1194; Blue Mountains, Piper 2406.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian?

4. Galium kamtschaticum Steller; Roem. & Schult. Mant. 3: 186. 1827.
Type Locauity: Kamtschatka.

Rance: Alaska to New England and Washington. Siberia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 754.

4a. Galium kamtschaticum oreganum (Britton).

Galium oreganum Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 31. 1894.

Type Locatity: Oregon. Collected by Howell.

Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2547; Lake Cushman, Piper 921; Mount
Adams, Flett 1192; Goat Mountains, Allen 296; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 22; Ska-
mania County, Suksdorf 864; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Stampede Pass, Hen-
derson, July 26, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

5. Galium boreale L. Sp. Pl. 1: 108. 1753.

Galium boreale linearifolium Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 375. 1900.

Tyre coca.ity: “Habitat in Europae borealis pratis.”

Rance: Alaska to Canada, southward to California, Texas, and Rane: Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4020; San Juan Island, Lyall i in 1858; Cascade

Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Rukn; Snoqualmie Smith

605; Beaver Creek, Whited 18, 228; Ellensburg, Whited 437; North Yakima and Spokane,

Henderson, May 27, July 9, 1892; Pullman, Hull 556; Piper 1504; without locality Vasey
in 1899.

In some of the older botanical works our plant is erroneously referred to the European
G. rubioides L.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

6. Galium trifidum subbiflorum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 399. 1897.
Type Locauity: Colorado.
Rance: Washington to Alberta, south to Arizona and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Lamb 1107; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in.

1858; Ellensburg, Whited 480; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 606; Pullman, Piper, July
25, 1895; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 444.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: 'Fransition and Canadian.

This subspecies has the flowers often 2 to each pedicel, and leaves 8 to 10 mm. long.

The northwestern plants referred by Hooker@ to G@. claytoni Michx. and G. tinctorium
L. undoubtedly belong to G. trifidum.

6a. Galium trifidum pacificum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 400. 1897.
Type Locauity: Placer County, California.
Rance: Washington to California.

oF, Bor. Am. 2: 288. 1840,

~~

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 527

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1220; Clallam County, Elmer 2547; Seattle,
Piper; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1661.
This subspecies has solitary flowers and leaves 15 to 25 mm. long.

7. Galium cymosum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 401. 1897.

Type Locatity: Tacoma, Washington. Collected by Flett.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon near the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4009; Tacoma, Flett 165, 37; Stuart Island,
Lawrence 87; Port Crescent, Lawrence 290.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. S

8. Galium asperrimum A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1849.
Tyre Locatity: ‘‘ Wet places, near irrigating ditches, Sante Fe,’’ New Mexico.
Rance: Washington to California and New Mexico.
- SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 584; Spangle, Suksdorf 923; seis Tukanon
River, Lake & Hull, July 2, 1892; Blue hun bade Piper, July, 1396; Meyers Falls,
Kreager, August 20, 1902, and 508; Pullman, Piper 1804, 1717; Heteteren’ 2487; Elmer.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

9. Galium triflorum Michx. Fl. 1: 80. 1803.

Type LocaLitry: Canada.

Rance: Alaska to Canada, southward to California, Colorado, and Alabama.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2458; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall, in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 98; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June 7, 1892; Skagit Pass,
Lake & Hull 791; Ellensburg, Whited, June 22, 1897; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 651;
Blue Mountains, Horner 368; without tous Fase i in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 34;
Mount Rainier, Flett 2150. :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

10. Galium multiflorum Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 97. 1863.

Type Locatity: Washoe, Nevada.

Rance: Washington to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner, August 1, 1896; srithoutt locality,
Brandegee 814.

10a, Galium multiflorum watsoni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 40. 1884.
Tyre Locauity: ‘Cafions and gulches, N. Arizona to E. Oregon and adjacent Idaho.”
Rance: Washington and Idaho to Arizona.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 372, 373.

10b. Galium multiflorum puberulum subsp. nov.

Whole herbage densely and finely hirtellous; leaves oblong to elliptical or the upper ones
ovate.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June 14, 1892; Wenache. Whited
88, 1108; Ellensburg, Elmer 414 (type); without locality, Brandegee 813; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; junction Cool and Crab creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 224; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 696.

KELLOGGIA.

1. Kelloggia galioides Torr. Bot. Wilkes. Exped. 332. 1874.
Type Locauity: Walla Walla River, Washington. —
Rance: Washington to Wyoming, Arizona, and California. °
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Gorman, August 7, 1897; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1021; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 479; Wenache region,
Brandegee 816; Roslyn, Whited 473; Clealum, Henderson in 1892,
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian,

528 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honerysuckie F Amity.

Corolla tubular or campanulate; styles elongate.

Creeping vine; flowers in pairs; fruit dry.........-- ‘..-- Linnaea (p. 528).
Shrubs, erect or climbing; fruit a berry.
Corolla short, campanulate, regular. ..........-.-.-- SYMPHORICARPOS (p. 528).
Corolla: tubular, irregular™.2c45 655 Sees eccacendcass Lonicera (p. 529).
Corolla rotate or open campanulate, in compound cymes.
Ee@GVGl PINDAlG «i coy so cecca soc cm ctu eciperecsaeee SamBucus (p. 530).
TOGNGR SHDING 5c 2052 Seen ee aa Beaten ee ates ViBURNUM (p. 531).
LINNAEA.

1. Linnaea americana Forbes, Hort. Woburn. 135. 1833.

Linnaea borealis longiflora Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 327. 1874.

Linnaea longiflora Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 280. 1900.

Type Locauity: “ America.”’

Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Maryland.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2739; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°,
Lyall in 1859; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Silverton, Bouck 93; upper Nisqually Valley,
Allen 19; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 547; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carl-
ton, Kreager 181.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian.

SYMPHORICARPOS. Waxserry.

Corolla campanulate, 2 to 4 mm. long.

Erect shinb; leaves giabrous - 5s << <0 <jicacese ds ese scale sscsnteg 1. S. racemosus.
Trailing shrub; leaves pubescent. ........-...---.-- Visaeeteene’ 2. S. mollis.
Corolla cylindric-campanulate, 6 to 7 mm. long. .............---.---.- 3. S. acutus.

1. Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx. Fl. 1: 107. 180

Type Locauity: “Ad lacus Mistassins,’’ Canada.

Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward to California and Pennsylvania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3948; Clallam County, Elmer 2738; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Silverton, Bouck 121a; Orchard Point, Piper, July 15, 1895;
Tacoma, Flett 152; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 6, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf ; Lower
Cascades, Suksdorf ; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 804; Ellensburg, Whited 456; Sprague,
Henderson, May 30, 1892; Pullman, Hull 542; Piper 1892, 1690; Elmer 836; Tukanon
River, Lake & Hull, July 2, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper 2418; without locality, Vasey in
1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 563, 36; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 694.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This species varies considerably, especially in the pubescence and the thickness of the
leaves. Woodland forms tend to be thinner-leaved than the prairie form, and are usually
more pubescent beneath. All gradations seem to occur between plants with leaves per-
fectly glabrous beneath and those which are quite pubescent. According to Fernald,¢
the latter is the typical S. racemosa Michx., while the perfectly smooth form he considers
a subspecies, S. racemosa laevigata Fernald.

2. Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 4. 1841.

Type Locauity: ‘St. Barbara, California.”

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 105; Olympia, Kincaid, July 4,
1896; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 12, 1892; McAllisters, Henderson, June 22, 1892;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2412; without locality, Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

@ Rhodora 7: 167. 1905.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 529

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.
The northwestern specimens that have been referred to S. pauciflorus (Robbins) Howell
belong apparently to S. mollis.

3. Symphoricarpos acutus (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 281. 1900.

Symphoricarpos mollis acutus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 14. 1878.

Symphoricarpos vaccinoides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 371. 1900.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Washington Terr., east of the Cascade Mountains.’’ Collected by
Pickering and Breckenridge.

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Pickering & Breckenridge; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 188; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 367; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 328;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1282; Nile River, Henderson 2565; Blue Mountains, Piper
2394; without locality, Vasey in 1889: '

. ZONAL DisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian?

The type of S. acutus has unusually narrow leaves, but it seems not distinguishable from
S. vaccinoides. This species is near S. rotundifolius A. Gray, to which specimens have
commonly been referred.

SYMPHORICARPOS OCCIDENTALIS @ is said in the original description to have been collected
at ‘Fort Vancouver”? by Douglas; Cooper also lists this species as ‘‘common.”

With little doubt these references belong to S. racemosus, as no trace of S. occidentalis
has been found by recent collectors in Washington.

LONICERA. HoneEyYSUCKLE.

Climbing shrubs; flowers in terminal clusters; upper leaves connate-

perfoliate.
Flowers orange; stamens and style little exserted...-.....-.--.--- 1. L. ciliosa.
Flowers pink; stamens and style long-exserted..-....-.--------- 2. L. hispidula.

Erect shrubs; flowers on axillary peduncles in pairs; upper leaves not
connate.

Bracts large, foliaceous; flowers yellow; fruit black. ..........-..- 3. L. involucrata.
Bracts small and narrow.
Laaves somewhat pale beneath; berries blue-black......-..-..- 6. L. coerulea.
Leaves green on both sides; berries red.
Corolla dark-purple, 2-lipped: 2... 2. onc deseeos- oes 4. L. conjugialis.
Corolla whitish, its lobes subequal. ..-......-.--------- 5. L. utahensis.

1. Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 5: 612. 1817.

Caprifolium ciliosum Pursh, Fl. 1: 160. 1814.

Lonicera occidentalis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17: pl. 1457. 1831.

Type Loca.ity: “On the banks of the Kooskoosky,” Idaho. Collected by Lewis, near
the present town of Kamiah.

RancE: British Columbia to Montana, southward to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3938; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 113;
Seattle, Piper, June, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1264;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 554; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1859; lower Cascades,
Suksdorf; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 200; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton
217.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

The color of the flowers of this species varies from pale orange to nearly scarlet.

2. Lonicera hispidula Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1761. 1836.
Caprifolium hispidulum Lindl. |. ec.

é Hook. Fl, Bor. Ata. 1: 285. 1840.
29418—06 M——34

530 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Lonicera? microphylla Hook. F). Bor. Am. 1; 283. 1833, not Willd. 1819.

Tyre Loca.ity: “In the woods of North West America.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Puget Sound, Henderson in 1892; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Orchard
Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 128.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Lonicera involucrata Banks; Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ, 733. 1823.

Lonicera ledebouri Esch. Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10: 284. 1826.

Xylosteum involucratum Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 733. 1823.

Tyee Locauity: ‘“ Wooded country from 54° to 64° north,” British America.

Rance: Alaska to Canada southward to California, Colorado, and Lake Superior.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; mountains north
of Ellensburg, Whited, August 28, 1898; Piper, May 20, 1897; near Skagit Pass, Lake &
Hull 543; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 436; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 215; Entiat
Creek, Mrs. Howe; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 610; Blue Mountains, Piper, July,
1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 256; Hoquiam, Lamb
1014; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 60; McAllisters Lake, Henderson,
June 22, 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4956; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 197; Clealum Creek,
Cotton 829.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

4. Lonicera conjugialis Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 67. 1863.

X ylosteum conjugialis Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 282. 1902.

Tyre Loca.ity: “ Washoe,’ Nevada. Collected by Dr. J. A. Veatch.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 389; Simcoe Mountains, Bowel 296 ;
Big Klickitat River, Henderson August 4, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

5. Lonicera utahensis S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 133. 1871.

Lonicera ebractulata Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 372. 1900.

X ylosteum utahense Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 282. 1900.

Type Locauitry: “Wasatch Mountains, Utah, in Cottonwood Canon; 9,00@ feet alti-
tude.”

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 99; Elmer 2736; Blue Mountains, Horner
319, Piper, July, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 283.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

6. Lonicera coerulea L. Sp. Pl. 1: 174. 1753.

Xylosteum villosum Michx. F]. 1: 106. 1803.

Tyre Locauity: “In Helvetia.”

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Wisconsin, and New England.
_ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 559.

SAMBUCUS. ELprer.

- Inflorescence flat-topped; berries black with a bloom.........------- 1. S. glauca.
Inflorescence pyramidal.
Berries red, rarely yellow or chestnut.............------------- 2. S. callicarpa.
Berries: Diack: <2 77 ins in os woes el SU ce 3. S. melanocarpa.

1. Sambucus glauca Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 13. 1841.
TyPE Loca.ity: “Plains at the Oregon, near the Blue Mountains.” Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.

tay

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 531

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2740; Seattle, Piper; Nisqually Valley,
Allen 302; Wenache, Whited 1248; Ellensburg, Whited, June 6, 1897; Olympia, Heller
4050; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 363; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 546; Blue
Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1726; without locality, Brandegee 809;
without locality, Vasey 289; Clarks Springs, Kreager 73, 560; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 757; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 224.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, especially Arid.

The name Sambucus coerulea Raf. Alsographia Am. 48. 1838, undoubtedly pertains to
our plant, but it may be questioned if it is really published. Rafinesque bases the name
wholly upon a brief mention in the journals of Lewis and Clark of an elder with blue
berries.

2. Sambucus callicarpa Greene, FI. Fran. 342. 1892.

Sambucus racemosa arborescens (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 13. 1841, not S. arbor-
escens Gilib. 1: 5. 1792.

Sambucus leiosperma Leiberg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 40. 1897.

Sambucus pubens Michx. var. Cooper Pac. R. Rep. 127: 64. 1860.

Sambucus arborescens Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 279. 1900.

Type Loca.ity: “By streams * * * along the Coast Range,’’ California.

Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2737; Skokomish River, Kincaid in 1890;

' Seattle, Piper in 1887; Montesano, Heller 3922; Cape Disappointment, Engelmann & Sar-

gent, July 13, 1880; Silverton, Bouck 95; Bridge Creek, Elmer 662; Cascade Mountains
to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Stevens Pass, Whited 1435; without locality
Vasey in 1889; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 670; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 545;
Wenache region, Brandegee 808 (the last two specimens have the nutlets somewhat rugose).

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

The fruit is usually brilliant scarlet, but occasionally yellow. Along the bluff between
Seattle and Everett the great majority of the plants have the fruit chestnut-colored, but
the plants are otherwise identical with the ordinary scarlet-fruited form.

3. Sambucus melanocarpa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 76. 1883.

Tyre Locatity: ‘First collected in New Mexico by Fendler.”’

Rance: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1664, 327; Blue Mountains, Piper
2452; Mount Carlton, Kreager 246.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

5. VIBURNUM.

Cyme radiant, that is the outer flowers neutral and enlarged... .-- .. 1. V. opulus.
Cyme not radiant.
Leaves roundish, mostly 3-lobed.......-- Belge ch oat ie Shee ae 2. V. pauciflorum.
Leaves oval to elliptic, dentate..........-.----- feiss se85 waewee 3. V. ellipticum.

1. Viburnum opulus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 268. 1753.
Viburnum opulus americanum Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 373. 1789.
Type Locauity: European.
Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 4976. Reported by Lyalla@ as occurring on
Sumas River, latitude 49°. =
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.
2. Viburnum pauciflorum Pylaie; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 17.1841.. Hien pustt CRANBERRY.
Viburnum acerifolium L. err. det. Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Peterb. VI. 2:-144. 1832.
Type Locauity: Newfoundland.

a Journ. Linn, Soc. 7: 135. 1864.

532 CONTRIBUTIONS .FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Washington, Colorado, Saskatchewan, and
New England.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton,
Bouck 94; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 388; Goose Lake, Flett 1315; Stevens Pass, Sandberg
& Leiberg 722; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 548; without
locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

3. Viburnum ellipticum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 280. 1833.

Viburnum ellipticum macrocarpum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 97. 1900.

Tyre Locaity: ‘Common on the branches of the Columbia near its confluence with
the Pacific.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to north Cdlifornia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lower Cascades, Suksdorf in 1886; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 1213; Cape Horn, Piper 5019.

According to Suksdorf there are two distinct subspecies, one distinguished by having
much larger fruit than the other.

VALERIANACEAE. VALERIAN FAMILy.

Perennials; calyx limb of 5 to 15 plumose slender lobes, inrolled

until fronting 2 cocci res eu asda sek ses tae Mek ane me Rene Cee ese VALERIANA.
Annuals; calyx limb obsolete or nearly so.............--------------- VALERIANELLA,
VALERIANA.
Leaflets thick, entire; root large, fusiform.................--- 1. V. ceratophylla.

Leaflets thin, mostly serrate; rootstocks creeping.
Tube of corolla slender, twice as long as the limb; stamens

WONIGON Ses Fc vs getate ae eas Si cores eat ees eee eee eres 3. V. columbiana.
Tube of corolla short, less than twice the limb.
Geallets: coarsely dentate... o.vsian dows Saaieceweneee: 2. V. sitchensis.
Leailets 6ntire OF NOSrlY 0 c.325.05.2 os vee vosedvaecee ne 2a. V. sitchensis scouleri.
1. Valeriana ceratophylla (Hook). ToBacco ROOT.

Valeriana edulis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 48. 1841.

Patrinia ceratophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 290. 1833.

Type Locatity: “Common in low, wet soils between the Kettle Falls and Spokan.”
Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico and eastward to Ohio.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell; Ellensburg, Whited 6; Sprague,
Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf 329; Medical Lake, Sandberg &
Leiberg 53; ‘Kettle Falls to Spokane, plentiful,” Douglas; Pullman, Piper 1506; Hull
541; Elmer 822.

ZONAL DisTRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

2. Valeriana sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 145. 1832.

TYPE LocALity: Sitka.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1890; Baldy Peak, Lamb
1339a; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 8, 1892; Suksdorf 467; Mashel River, Piper
2629; Silverton, Bouck 99; Goose Lake, Flett 1203; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 691;
Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 440; Okanogan County,
Whited 47, 182; Cascade Mountains, Steinweg in 1894; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 540;
Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County,
Elmer 2792.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

In Cooper’s Report, p. 64, this plant was erroneously referred to V. capitata Willd.

ia

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 5335

2a. Valeriana sitchensis scouleri (Rydberg).

Vadleriana scouleri Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 377. 1900.

Vadleriana capitata hookeri Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 48. 1841, not V. hookeriana Wight & Arn.
1834.

Type Locatity: “Moist rocks and islands of the Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas
and by Scouler.

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Baldy, Olympic Mountains, Conard 296; Lake Creda:
Lawrence 256; Eatonville, Flett 2204; Mashel River, Piper in 1889; Mount Rainier, Allen
243; Pewter: Heller 3937.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

3. Valeriana columbiana Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 489. 1896.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mountains near Wenache. Collected by Whited.

Rance: Wenache Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 551; ridge west of Wenache,
Whited 140.

ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.
VALERIANA SYLVATICA Banks appears in Suksdorf’s list, but we have been unable to find
any good evidence that this species occurs within our limits.

VALERIANELLA.
Fruit obscurely keeled on the back; cotyledons incumbent.
Wings broad, as long as the body of the fruit................. 1. V. macrocera.
Wings narrow, shorter than the body of the fruit.............. 2. V. mamillata.
Fruit strongly keeled on the back; cotyledons accumbent.
Flowers rose-color; fruit broadly winged........-.-.-..---- .. 3. V. congesta.
Flowers pale or white.
Corolla spurless; fruit: winged 0.6. 020. 4es~ cae tdeee ees 4. V. anomala.
Corolla spurred.
Writ: winged we. 222. oc 0 seco ceee Seuss sue eseeess ceub.. Vmphanoplera:
BORPIE WIQIOSS os 2 celine Se ce rae sec ne eee. 6. V. samolifolia.

Mr. Suksdorf erects the latter group of species into a genus, Aligera, and the former group
he retains in Plectritis, considering both distinct from Valerianella.

1. Valerianella macrocera (Torr. & Gr.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.

Plectritis macrocera Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 50. 1841.

Aligera grayi Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 147. 1897.

Type LocaLity: California. Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 23, 25, 218, 24, 5, 330; Ellensburg,
Piper, May 20, 1897;, Whited 311; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Leckenby; Hender-
son; Flett 1038; Tampico, Flett 1219; Wenache, Whited 1030; Pasco, Piper 2957; Dou-
glas County, Spillman; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 206; Henderson, May 20, 1892;
Spokane, Piper 2945; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 60; Waitsburg, Horner; Pull-
man, Piper 1789; Hull; Elmer 179; Wawawai, Piper 1505; opposite Clarkston, Horner 32;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 314; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 335.

ZONAL pistriBuTioN: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

Mr. Suksdorf considers that this species is really an aggregate of several, which he dis-
tinguishes as follows, so far as the Washington species are concerned:

Corolla pale, the limb equally 5-lobed.
Wings as long as the body of the fruit. -...............--2--2-.<<- V. grayi.
Wings much shorter than the body of the fruit............-.-.----- V. mamillata.

534 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Corolla 2-lipped, rose-colored.

Corolla 2 to 3 mm. long; spur 2 to 3 mm. long.

Wings longer than the body of the fruit....-..-.....-...------- V. macroptera,
Wings shorter than the body of the fruit. ..............---.--- V. macrocera.
Corolla 1.5 mm. long; spur 1 mm. long.........-.----------- . V. rubens.

True macrocera on this basis is confined to Gaitaria The remaining ie aeprewaien occur
«in Washington.

2. Valerianella mamillata (Suksdorf).

Aligera mamillata Suksd.; Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 147. 1897.

Type LocaLity: Simcoe Mountains, Washington.

Rance: Known only from the type locality.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, Suksdorf.

This species seems to us perfectly valid, the fruit appearing long-beaked partly owing to
the short wings.

3. Valerianella congesta Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1094. 1827.

Plectritis congesta DC. Prod. 4: 631. 1830.

Plectritis microptera Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 119. 1897.

Betckea major Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. II. 5: 30. 1837.

Plectritis major Hoeck; Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 3: 37. 1882.

Type Locauity: “Native of the north-west coast of North America.” Collected by
Douglas in 1826.

Ranae: British Columbia to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 147; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898;
Tacoma, Flett 55, 55; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May, 1881; Bingen, Sheldon 10220;
Cape Horn, Piper 4984. .

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Three forms of this plant occur as to fruit, one wingless (major), the second narrowly
winged (microptera), the third broadly winged (congesta). They are considered distinct
species by Suksdorf, but they do not differ in any character but the fruit. All three forms
occur in Washington.

Plectritis congesta minor Hook.@ has usually been considered a synonym of V. macrocera,

but its type locality ‘‘near the mouth of the Columbia” is a region where macrocera is not -

known to occur.

4. Valerianella anomala A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.

Plectritis anomala Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 144. 1897.

Type Locauity: “Wet grounds on the Columbia River and near it.” Collected by
Howell and by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1021; Klickitat County, Suksdorf' 26; Bingen,
Sheldon 10221. |

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

5. Valerianella aphanoptera A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.
Plectritis aphanoptera Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 144. 1897.
Type Locatity: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 9, 1882.

6. Valerianella samolifolia (DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883.
Betckea samolifolia DC. Prod. 4. 642. 1830.
Type Loca.ity: ‘In pascuis montanis prope la Punta de Cortes Chilensium.”
Rance: Washington to California. Chile.

a¥l. Bor. Am. 1: 291. 1834.

se

VW

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 535

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper in 1898; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf
111, 332; Port Crescent, Lawrence 263.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

VALERIANELLA OLITORIA (L.) Poll., the cultivated ‘corn salad,’’ is an occasional garden
escape. ‘

DIPSACEAE.
1. DIPSACUS.

1. Dipsacus sylvestris Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. no. 1. 1768. TEASEL.
Tyee Loca.ity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Townsend, Hdwards, July, 1896; Spokane Dewart, August

20, 1902; Waitsburg, Piper, July 19, 1896.

CUCURBITACEAE. Gourp FamiIty.
1. MICRAMPELIS.

1. Micrampelis oregana (Torr. & Gr.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 129. 1890.

Megarrhiza oregana Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 6: 74. 1855.

Sicyos oreganus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 542. 1840.

Echinocystis oregana Cogn. Mem. Cour. Ac. Belg. 28: 87. 1878.

Sicyos angulatus L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 220. 1834.

Type Loca.ity: ‘On the Oregon from near its mouth to Kettle Falls.’’ Collected by
Scouler, Douglas, and Tolmie.

Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. Umatilla County, Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3873; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma,
Flett 184; East Sound, Henderson, July, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 127.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

CAMPANULACEAE. Buuepsett Faminy.

Corolla regular; anthers separate.
Calyx lobes narrow; capsules opening by small valve-like lat-
eral openings.
Corolla rotate; earlier flowers cleistogamous. -.-..---- - ~ SPECULARIA (p. 536).
Corolla ouipaailete: no vee ienn flowers! s.).<..5-: CAMPANULA (p. 536).
Calyx lobes large, foliaceous.
Corolla tubular-campanulate ; anus opening by a hole

at the apex; no cleistogamous flowers. ....--------- Giruopsis (p. 535).
Corolla open-campanulate; capsules bursting irregularly ;
earlier flowers cleistogamous. .......---.----------- Herrrocopon (p. 537).
Corolla irregular; anthers united.
Tube of the corolla cleft to the base on one side... ..---.-.- - Rapuntium (p. 537).
Tube of the corolla very long, not cleft........-..-..-..--- Bove tia (p. 537).
GITHOPSIS.

1. Githopsis specularioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 258. 1843.

Typr Locaity: “Plains near the outlet of the Wahlamet,’’ Oregon. Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: American Lake, lett, June 10, 1895; foothills, Blue Mountains,
Horner 158; Waitsburg, Horner 402; without locality, Cooper; Almota, Sheldon in 1898.
' ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

.

536 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECULARIA.

1. Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Monogr. Camp. 351. 1830.
VENUS’S LOOKING-GLASS.

Campanula perfoliata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 169. 1753.

Legouzia perfoliata Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 309. 1894.

Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Virginia.”

Rance: Washington to Canada, southward to Utah and Texas. Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 186; Charleston, Piper, July 21, 1895;
Bingen, Suksdorf 1548; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Fort Vancouver, G. H. Hicks,
June 24, 1890; Spokane, Henderson, July 10, 1892; Almota, Lake & Hull 558; Wawawai,
Elmer 756; Piper 1888; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 901.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

CAMPANULA.
Corolla lobes spreading; style longer than the corolla. ..............- 1. C. scouleri.
Corolla lobes erect; style included.
Herbage puberulent; leaves all entire... ..........-..2-.-.----- 4. C. scabrella.
Herbage glabrous; at least the basal leaves not pare
Cauline leaves linear, entire; basal orbicular or cordate - . - - - - 2. C. rotundifolia.

Cauline leaves spatulate-lanceolate, dentate; basal similar. ... 3. C. piperi.

1. Campanula scouleri Hook.; A. DC. Monog. Camp. 312. 1830.

Tyre Locauity: “Fort Vancouver on the Columbia,’’ Washington. Collected by
Scouler. :

Rance: Alaska to California west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3956; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895;
Seattle, Piper 127; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 21; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 76; McAllis-
ters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Tumwater Canyon, Wenache
River, Whited 1454; without locality, Vasey 389, 387; Clallam County, Elmer 2741.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

Hooker @ distinguishes two subspecies as follows: C. scouleri hirsutula, with the calyx
lobes erect, and C. scouleri glabra, with the calyx lobes open-spreading.

2. Campanula rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 163. 1753.

Campanula linifolia DC. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 27. 1834.

Tyre Loca.ity: European.

Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Mexico, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 257; Piper, August 1895, 467; Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 1549; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 557;
Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1894; Spokane Region, Spalding; Silverton, Bouck 118; Loon
Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County, Elmer
2742; Tumwater Canyon, Whited 1454.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian.

This species is very variable and has been considered an aggregate of several species.
Our ordinary form with erect sepals and thickish leaves accords with C. petiolata DC.b

3. Campanula piperi Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 409. 1901.

TypE LocaLity: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington.

Rance: Olympic Mountains, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 125, 814; Elmer 2743; Mount Steele,
Piper 2217; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 342.

a Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 28. 1834. b Monogr. Camp. 278. 1830.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 53%

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.
This species is allied to C. aurita Greene of Alaska, to which it has been referred.

4, Campanula scabrella Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 6: 237. 1881.

Type Locaity: “On bleak rocky ridge of Scott Mountain, west of Mt. Shasta,’ Cali-~
fornia.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Brandegee 937; Mount Stuart, Brandegee
938; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Suksdorf 38; Howell 418.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

HETEROCODON.

1. Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 255. 1843.
_ Type Locauity: “Grassy plains of the Wahlamet and Oregon,’ Oregon. Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Naches River, Henderson, June 13, 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg &
Leiberg 584; Glenwood, Flett 1209; Klickitat River, Flett 1147; Pullman, Piper 1855, 1718;
without locality, Cooper; Clarks Springs, Kreager 14.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

RAPUNTIUM. Lose rta.

Aquatic; leaves all basal, terete, hollow..................---.------- 1. R. dortmanna.
RSME Se IORLY ox os ex ow oe ery casserole eu eaeconn pian ase 2. R. kalmir.

1. Rapuntium dortmanna (L.) Presl, Prod. Mon. Lobel. 18. 1836.
Lobelia dortmanna L. Sp. Pl. 2: 929. 1753.
Type Locatity: “Habitat in Europae frigidissimae lacubus & ripis.’’
RancGeE: Subarctic regions, southward to Washington and Pennsylvania. Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 983; Gardner 412; Lake Crescent,
_ Lawrence 312.

2. Rapuntium kalmii (L.) Presl, Prod. Monogr. Lobel. 23. 1836.
Lobelia kalmii L. Sp. Pl. 2: 930.
Type Looatity: “Habitat in Canada.”
Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, south to Ohio and New Jersey.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Priest Rapids, Cotton 1382.

BOLELIA.

1. Bolelia elegans (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 126. 1890.

Clintonia elegans Dougl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1241. 1829.

Downingia elegans Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 2: 375. 1874.

Type Locatity: “On the plains of the Columbia near Walla Walla River and near the
head springs of the Multnomah.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Harrison, H. H. Garretson in 1895; Manor, Clarke County, Piper,
July 14, 1897; Centralia, Lamb 1129; Colville, Watson in 1880; Lake Kalispel, Kreager,
August 9, 1902 and 316; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks,
Sandberg & Leiberg 287; Pullman, Hull 454; Piper 1728; without locality, Vasey in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

CICHORIACEAE. Cuicory Faminy.

Pappus none; akenes 20 to 30-nerved; flowers yellow.......-.--- Lapsana (p. 538).
Pappus present.
Bristles of pappus scale-like or plumose.

538 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Flowers not yellow.
Akenes beaked ; pappus brown, plumose ; flowers violet. TRaGoroGon (p. 539).
Akenes beakless.
Pappus a crown of short scales; flowers blue... Crcnorrum (p. 538).
Pappus plumose; flowers pink or white... ... -- - Privorta (p. 539).
Flowers yellow.
Receptacle chaffy; pappus bristles plumose, not broad-
COG BE DON =. Shee sce See seness teas aes ceSaea es Hypocrarris(p.541).
Receptacle naked; pappus scale-like, or the bristles
broadened at base.
Heads nodding when young; scales 15 to 20, each
bearing a very plumose awn. .......-...-.--- Privoca.als (p. 541).
Heads erect even when young.
Pappus of plumose or subplumose bristles

slightly enlarged at base.

Heads solitary on bractless scapes or

PRAUNCIR sc es cacde ae ae se ose ae ScorzONELLA (p. 540).
Heads usually several on branching
bracteolate scapes <3... -.5.5.0-2..-2. Lreontopon (p. 541).

Pappus of chaff-like scales.
Scales 20 to 24, linear-lanceolate, not

SWOO Scots suk a sect cece ke'Z Nornocauals (p. 540),
Scales 5 to 10, awned, the awn rising
from the notched apex............-- Uroparrus (p. 539),

Bristles of pappus capillary, never plumose.
Heads solitary; leaves all basal.
Akenes smooth at apex, beakless or long-beaked - - . . . AGoseEr’s (p. 541).
Akenes spinulose at apex, long-beaked.........-..--- Taraxacum (p. 545).
Heads several; leaves not all basal.
Akenes flattened.
Flowers yellow; akenes truncate, not beaked.... Soncuus (p. 549).
Flowers blue, pink, or yellow; akenes narrow at

SUIMMIt) OF POBKOG sci. eee Osea ees inet Lacruca (p. 548).
Akenes terete, cylindric or prismatic.
Pappas white, perstentt. 3.054260 4-8 o- 3552 Crepis (p. 545).
Pappus tawny.
Flowers yellow (or in one species white). ... Hreracrum (p. 546).
Miowers pinkigh-2~ 32220 se oso seesen san NaBa.us (p. 548.)
LAPSANA.

1. Lapsana communis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 811. 1753.

Tyre Locauity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1888; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 146;
Vancouver, Piper, July 10, 1899.

CICHORIUM.

1. Cichorium intybus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 813. 1753. CurIcory.
Type Locauity: “Hab. in Europa ad margines agrorum viarumque.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1892.

on) ot ie i

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 539

PTILORIA.
Pappus bristles fuscous, short-plumose to the base... ......-...------- 1. P. paniculata.
Pappus bristles white.
Pagnene 46:th6 vely base. 025, ccss4 de neey cecocelscbanenccdieen 2. P. tenuifolia.
Paumone only above the middle... ...-222 22422222. .22-0-5-2-<0 3. P. exigua.

1. Ptiloris paniculata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 132. 1890.

Stephanomeria paniculata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 428. 1841.

Tyre Locatity: “On the Rocky Mountain plains towards the Colorado.”’

Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Piper 2757; Pasco, Henderson, June 12, 1892;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 982; Major Creek, Suksdorf in 1882; Rock Island, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 433; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 690; Wawawai, Piper, July 31, 1893.

_ ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Ptiloria tenuifolia (Torr.) Raf. Atl. Journ. 145. 1832.

Prenanthes ? tenuifolia Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 210. 1828.

Lygodesmia minor Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 205. 1833.

Stephanomeria minor Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 427. 1841.

Ptiloria filifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 311. 1898.

Type Locaity: “Rocky Mountains.’”’ Collected by James.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twisp River, Whited, July 20, 1896; Wenache, Whited 8, 2582,
1311; Elmer 479; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 812; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895;
Ellensburg, Piper 2747; Whaited 561; without locality, Vasey 555; without locality, Brande-
gee 934, 935; Fort Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Kreager 530; Kittitas Valley,
J. Howell in 1877.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

3. Ptiloria exigua (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 132. 1890.

Stephanomeria exigua Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 428. 1841.

Type Locauity: “On the Rocky Mountain plains toward the Colorado.”

Rance: Washington and Wyoming to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North of Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 377; North Yakima, Wutt,
August, 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

TRAGOPOGON.

1. Tragopogon porrifolius L. Sp. Pl. 2: 789.1753. Sausiry. OysTER PLANT.
Type Locauity: Not given.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer, July, 1897.

UROPAPPUS.

1. Uropappus linearifolia (DC.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 425. 1841.
Microseris linearifolia Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 308. 1866.
Calais linearifolia DC. Prod. 7: 85. 1838.
Calais macrochaeta A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 112. 1849.
. Microseris macrochaeta Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 309. 1866.
Type Locauity: “In California legit cl. Douglas et circa Fort Vancouver cl. Garry.”
Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April, May, 1886; Rockland,
Suksdorf, April 10, 1886; Almota, Piper, June 3, 1893.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

s

540 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Calais macrochaeta Gray is founded upon immature specimens collected by Spalding on
the Clearwater, Idaho. They are undoubtedly young plants of C. linearifolia, as the pap-
pus of that species shows just the transitions from young flowers to adult akenes needed
to connect the differences supposed to be specific.

NOTHOCALAIS.

1. Nothocalais troximoides (A. Gray) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 55. 1886.

Microseris trorimoides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 211. 1874.

Nothocalais suksdorfii Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 54. 1886.

Tyee Locauity: “From the hills on the Clearwater River,’’ Idaho. Collected by
Spalding.

RanGeE: Idaho and Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2678; Kincaid 344; North Yakima, Mrs. Stein-
weg in 1894; Leckenby, April 22, 1898; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April, May, 1886;
Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Wenache, Whited 78, 1038; Rattlesnake Mountains,
Cotton 323; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 147; Spangle, Piper 2438; Spokane, Henderson,
May 31, 1892; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 38; Blue Mountains, Piper 2439;
Walla Walla region, Brandegee 929; Waitsburg, Horner 325; Mabton, Cotton 747; Prosser,
Cotton 585.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

The distinctions relied upon by Professor Greene to separate two supposed species seem
too unstable. In the type specimen of trorimoides the paleae are not “very unequal.”

SCORZONELLA.
Leaves: all basal, entire or nearly 80:3. 5<. 3.2 e2 ke oceccex ce ccesexe 1. S. borealis.
Leaves mostly dentate or lobed, one or more cauline.
Pappus scales each attenuate into an awn-like tip................. 2. 8. leptosepala.

Pappus scales abruptly awned.
Involucre 1 to 1.5 cm. high; base of the pappus scales as long

an or longer than-the akenens. 2200 564+ pee ee nee Sees sae 3. S. bolanderi.
Involucre 2 to 2.5 em. high; base of the pappus scales much
ehorter. than the skéne..: 3605.25 -cuccanc Ss ecsesascesees 4. S. laciniata.

1. Scorzonella borealis Greene, Pittonia 2: 19. 1889.

Apargia boreale Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. V1. 2: 146. 1832.

Leontodon boreale DC. Prod. 7: 102. 1838.

Apargidium boreale Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 474. 1843.

Microseris borealis Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 310. 1866.

Type Loca.ity: Sitka.

RanGeE: Alaska to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 281; Greene in 1889; without locality,
Tolmie.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

2. Scorzonella leptosepala Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 426. 1841.
Microseris leptosepala (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 209. 1874.
Type Loca.ity: “Near the outlet of the Wahlamet.”’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 147, 148, 149, June 26, 1886.

3. Scorzonella bolanderi (A. Gray) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 54. 1886.
Microseris bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 64. 1883.
Calais bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 365. 1867.
Type Locauity: Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, Cal.
Rance: Washington to California, near the coast.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Mrs. Summers, a doubtful, immature specimen.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 541

4. Scorzonella laciniata (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 426. 1841.

Hymenonema ? laciniatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 301. 1833.

Microseris laciniata Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 309. 1866.

Type Locauity: “Dry plains of the Columbia from the Rocky Mountains to the oceain.’’ |
Collected by Douglas.

Range: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Henderson; Humptulips, Lamb 1184; Tacoma,
Flett 174; Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886;
Steilacoom Prairie, Piper 376.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

PTILOCALAIS.

1. Ptilocalais nutans (Geyer) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad: 2: 54. 1886.
~ Scorzonella nutans Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 253. 1847.

Microseris nutans Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 308. 1866.

Type Locauity: “ Declivities of Spokan and Coeur d’Aleine Mountains.”’ Collected by
Geyer.

Rance: British Columbia and Montana to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1101; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 420; Sim-
coe Mountains, Howell, July, 1879; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860;
North Fork Columbia, Wilkes Expedition; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 450; Roslyn,
Whited 413; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Sprague, Henderson, May 3, 1892; Sand-
berg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Spokane, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Piper 2266; Blue Moun--
tains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1612; Hull 716; without locality, Vasey 552;
. west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 981, 285.

ZONAL pistRiBuTiIoN: Arid Transition and Canadian.

HYPOCHAERIS.

1. Hypochaeris radicata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 811. 1753. GOsMORE.

Type Locauity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 378; Seattle, Piper, July 17, 1897; Che-
halis County, Lamb 1404; Tacoma, Fett 20.

An exceedingly troublesome weed in lawns, now spread over most of Western Washing-
ton. One of Flett’s specimens was erroneously referred by Wiegand 4 to H. glabra L.,a
species not known to occur in Washington.

LEONTODON.

1. Leontodon autumnale L. Sp. Pl. 2: 798. 1753. FALL DANDLLION.
Type Locatity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 750.

AGOSERIS.
Akenes beakless; leaves glabrous; alpine plant..................... 1. A. alpestris.
Akenes beaked.
Leaves glaucous; beak of akene short, stout, nerved....-- ree 2. A. glauca.

Leaves not glaucous; beak of akene slender, nerveless.
Beak about as long as the body of the akene.
Flowers orange; leaves mostly entire.
Leaves lanceolate-spatulate; beak shorter than the
SEONG. et seins oo seed ee eed et oe ower c shu ewas) ool Gurantiand:
Leaves narrowly linear; beak longer than the akene. 4. A. gracilenta.

a Bull. Torr. Club 24: 343. 1897.

542 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Flowers yellow; leaves mostly lobed.
Akenes with beak 12 to 15 mm. long; leaves mostly

BDONGs iene tan es aaa aia Potuers eas tne 5. A. elata.
Akenes with beak 8 to 10 mm. long; leaves mostly
ot rt Dae rere ae pa ear ea ear re eer ae 6. A. apargioides.
Beak much longer than the body of the akene.
Annuale: Hoses StOMl . coc. a<c2 > waeres vee sie at pes: 10. A. heterophylla.
Perennials; heads large.
Apex of akene truncate; herbage tomentose .. . . - - - 7. A. retrorsa.
Apex of akene attenuate.
leads:2-cm. highse<2 soiree eee ee ce 8. A. laciniata.
Heads 2:6. to's: ems, nigh coo c5 2s 23-2 sen ces 9. A. grandiflora.

1. Agoseris alpestris (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.

Troximon alpestre A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 70. 1883.

Tyre LocaLity: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 248, 273, 272; Piper 2140, 493; Allen 288;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 422; near Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

2. Agoseris glauca (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.
Troximon glaucum Nutt. Gen. 2: 128. 1818.
Type Locauity: ‘On the banks of the Missouri.”’
RanGE: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon, Colorado, and Dakota.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Ellensburg,

Whited 507; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 490;

Spangle, Piper 2873; Spokane, C. A. Ramm in 1883; Spokane County, Suksdorf 383;
Beaver Creek, Whited 233; Loomis, Elmer 552; Pullman, Piper 3, 1769, 1862; Union Flat,
Hull, July 18, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 345; Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 930; without
locality, Vasey 557; Clarks Springs, Kreager 104.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2a. Agoseris glauca scorzoneraefolia (Schrad.).

Ammogeton scorzoneraefolium Schrad. Cat. Sem. Goett. 7. 1833.

Troximon glaucum dasycephalum Torr. &. Gr. Fl. 2: 490. 1843.

Agoseris scorzoneraefolia Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.

Type Locaity: “ America borealis arctica.”

Rance: Nearly identical with that of A. glauca.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Geyer 666; Fort Simcoe, Lyall in 1860; Pull-
man, Piper 3027, 3029, 3536. 5S

This plant differs from A. glauca only in having a pubescent involucre, _ It is scarcely
worth nomenclatorial recognition.

2b. Agoseris glauca aspera (Rydberg).

Agoseris leontodon asperum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 457. 1900.

Troximon glaucum asperum Piper, Mazama 2: 96. 1901.

Type tocariry: Mount Chauvet, Idaho.

Rance: Washington to Montana:

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2149; Allen 226; Wensche: “Mountains,
Elmer 455; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer September, eile

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. -

A

3. Agoseris aurantiaca _(Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 2: ‘177. 1891.
~Froximon aurantiacum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 300. pl. 104. 1833.
Type Locauity: “Alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains.”

a

CE

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 543

Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Tolmie; Allen 37, 287; Piper 2145, 2157;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 196, 575; Skamania County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Hender-
son, August 3, 1892; Atanum River, Henderson, August 3, 1892; east side Cascade
Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 445, 451; between Wenache and
Ellensburg, Whited, August 13, 1896; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic.

4. Agoseris gracilenta (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.

Troximon gracilens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 71. 1883.

Type Locauity: ‘Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington Terr.” Collected by
Lyall, by Nevius, and by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2198; Cascade Mountains, latitude
49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 425, 576; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August
10, 1886; Leavenworth, Savage 29; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 835; along Salmon
River, Horner 346; without locality, Brandegee 931.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

5. Agoseris elata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.

Stylopappus elatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 433. 1841.

Macrorhynchus elatus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 492. 1843.

Troximon nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 216. 1874.

Tyre Locatity: “Plains of the Wahlamet near its estuary,’? Oregon. Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner; Olympia, Henderson 1683; Klickitat
River, Suksdorf 577; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 578.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6. Agoseris apargioides (Less.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891.

Troximon apargioides Less. Linnaea 6: 501. 1831.

Agoseris maritima Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 310. 1903.

Type Locatity: California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson in 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4960.

Mr. Sheldon regards the northern plant as distinct from the Californian, which may
prove to be the case. It is possible, also, that this is Leontodon hirsutum Hook.a (Agoseris
hirsuta Greene), the type of which is said to have been collected by Douglas and by Scou-
ler on “Menzies Island and sandy banks of the Columbia,” and which is referred by A.
Gray ¢ to Trorimon humile.

We have seen no specimens of Troximon humile A. Gray (Macrorhynchus humilis Benth.)
from Washington, and doubt its occurrence.

7. Agoseris retrorsa (Benth.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891.

Macrorhynchus retrorsus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 320. 1849.

Troximon retrorsum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 216. 1874.

Macrorh&nchus angustifolius Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5: 47. 1873.

Type Locauity: “In montibus Sacramento,’ California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 579; Clealum, Henderson in
1892; Wenache, Whited 1232.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

a Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 296..1833. b Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. cSyn. Fl. 12: 439. 1886.

544 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

8. Agoseris laciniata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891.

Stylopappus laciniatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 432. 1841.

Macrorhynchus laciniatus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 492. 1843.

Type Locatity: “Plains of the Wahlamet, near its estuary,” Oregon. Collected by
Nuttall.

RanGE: British Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; Nisqually Valley, Allen 225; Wilkes
Expedition; Puget Sound, Cooper; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Levberg 612.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

9. Agoseris grandiflora (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891.

Stylopappus grandiflorus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 432. 1841.

Macrorhyncus grandiflorus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 492. 1843.

Troximon grandiflorum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 216. 1874.

Troximon grandiflorum obtusifolium Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900.

Tyre Locauity: “High plains of the Wahlamet,” Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.

RANGE: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 37, 2025; Pullman, Piper 1616;
Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 1, 1892.

Exceedingly variable as to foliage, but as all forms occur together the variations do not
seem worthy of naming.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

10. Agoseris heterophylla (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891.
Macrorhynchus heterophyllus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 430. 1841.
Trorimon heterophyllum Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 88. 1883.
Troximon heterophyllus kymapleura Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 88. 1883.
Agoseris heterophylla kymapleura Greene, Pittonia 2: 179. 1891.
Tyre Locatity: “ Plains of Oregon.”
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Suksdorf 581; Pullman, Piper 1617, 1859, 3098.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

10a. Agoseris heterophylla normalis subsp. nov.

Herbage hirsute or villous; akenes 10-striate or 10-costate.

The fact seems to have been overlooked that the name A. heterophylla belongs to the
plant commonly called A. heterophylla kymapleura and that the commonest form of this
remarkably variable species has never been christened.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1648, 2312; Ellensburg, Piper
2688; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 580; Wenache, Whited 1094, in 1895; Spokane, Kreager 165;
Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 59; without locality, Vasey 559, 560; without locality’
Brandegee 928; along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 5, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition:

10b. Agoseris heterophylla californica (Nutt.)
Cryptopleura californica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 430. 1841.
Troximon heterophyllum cryptopleura Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 88. 1883.
Agoseris heterophylla cryptopleura Greene, Pittonia 2: 179. 1891.
Troximon heterophyllum cryptopleuroides Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900.
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Near Santa Barbara,’ California.
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1648, 2313, 583, 582.

10c. Agoseris heterophylla glabrata (Suksdorf).
Troximon heterophyllum glabratum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900.
Agoseris heterophylla glabra Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 402. 1901.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 545

Type Locauitry: Klickitat County, Washington.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2312.

TARAXACUM.

1. Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 1138. 1880-83. DANDELION.
Leontodon taraxacum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 798. 1753.
Taraxacum officinale Weber, Prim. Fl. Hols. 56. 1780.
Type Loca.ity: ‘Hab. in Europae pascuis.”
The common dandelion is established as a weed in nearly all parts of the State.

CREPIS.

Akenes dilated at the insertion of the pappus; low glaucous plant with
MEUM EONAR 8s cf 5% noted Seca wee ce tem stein ya ne iis 1. C. nana,
Akenes not dilated at the insertion of the pappus; plants without root-
stocks.
Foliage green, not canescent nor scurfy.
Dteiis Jenkinns OF Nearly 805.2 22565 52 62 eo sees Sree phan encase 2 Cremeans
Stems leafy; cauline leaves clasping.........-.-...--------- 3. C. virens.
Fcliage mostly white-pubescent, scurfy. :
Plants 10 to 30 cm. high; involucre with 9 to 24 principal bracts.

Involucre glandular-hirsute 2220-25222 2o eee 4 C. occidentalis.
Involucre hirsute, not glandular.
Akenes beaked; pubescence hirsute................. 5. C. rostrata.
Akenes not beaked; pubescence tomentose... --..-- - 6. C. glareosa.

Plants 40 to 60 em. high; involucre with 5 to 10 principal bracts.
Involucre bearing bristle-like appendages on the back. ... 9. C. barbigera.
Involucre without bristle-like appendages.
Bracts of the involucre glabrous. ...........---..--- 7. C. acuminata.
Bracts of the involucre canescent.....-.....------- 8. C. gracilis.

1. Crepis nana Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. 2. 757. 1823.
Tyre Locaity: “On the Copper Mine River.”
Range: Arctic regions, south to California and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 810; Mount Adams, Suksdorf in 1904.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

2. Crepis runcinata (James) Torr. & Gr. FI. 2: 487. 1843.

HMieracium runcinatum James, Long Exped. 1: 453. 1823.

Creprdium runcinatum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 436. 1841.

Tyre Locauity: “In depressed grassy situations along the Platte.”

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Utah and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensberg, Piper 2665; Whited 695; Toppenish, Henderson,
May 28, 1892; Wilbur, Henderson, in 1889, July 12, 1892; without locality, Vasey;
Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 208; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1217.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

8. Crepis virens L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 1134. 1763.
Malacothrix crepoides A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12?: 49. 1860.
Crepis cooperi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 214. 1874.
- Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Helvetiae, Italiae agris.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895;
Suksdorf 1640; Clarke County, Suksdorf 29; Tacoma, Piper.
29418—06 M——35

546 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

4. Crepis occidentalis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 29. 1834.

Psilachenia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 437. 1841.

Type Locauity: “Columbia River.’’ Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: British Columbia and Montana to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fett, August, 1888; near Lyle, Suksdorf
875; near Cleveland, Suksdorf 381; Wenache, Whited 1087, 1350; ‘on the borders and in
in the vicinity of the river Columbia,’ Wyeth; Wawawai, Piper 1784; Elmer 747; Blue
Mountains, Piper 2438; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 72.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

5. Crepis rostrata Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 564. 1896. ;

Type vocauity: ‘Near Crab Creek, Douglas County, Washington.” Collected by Sand-
berg & Leiberg.

Rance: British Columbia and eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Cleman Mountain, Hen-
derson, June 11, 1892; Klickitat County, Howell 1879; between Naches and Wenache rivers,
Pickering & Brackenridge in 1841; Coulee City, Piper 3866; near Crab Creek, Sandberg &
Leiberg 225. ;

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

6. Crepis glareosa Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 42. 1901.
Type Locaity: Ellensburg, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2704 (type).

7. Crepis acuminata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 437. 1841.

Tyre Locaity: “Plains of the Platte.’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 383; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &
Leiberg 232.

8. Crepis gracilis (D. C. Eaton) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 461. 1900.

Crepis occidentalis gracilis D. C. Eaton; S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 203. 1871.

Crepis intermedia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 432. 1884. °

Type Locauity: Middle Park, Colorado.

Rances British Columbia to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1112; Ellensburg, Whited 455; Toppenish,
Henderson in 1892; Wenas, Lyall in 1860; Naches Valley, Piper 2737; without locality,
Vasey 571, 572, 573; Spokane County, Suksdorf 379; Douglas County, Spillman; Colton,
Piper 2883; Wawawai, Elmer 1401, 761; Almota, Piper; without locality, Wilkes Expedi-
tion; Waitsburg, Horner 167; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 269.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

9. Crepis barbigera Leiberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 565. 1896.

Type Loca.ity: “Near Alkali Lake, Douglas County, Washington.” Collected by
Sandberg & Leiberg.

Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains north Ellensburg, Whited 659; Ellensburg, Elmer 392;
Piper; Wenache, Whited 455, 1183; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1183; Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 777 in part; near Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 313; Spokane Prairie, Suksdorf
378; Piper 2264, 2637; Spangle, Piper 2874.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

HIERACIUM. HaAwkweep.

Stems many-leaved; involucre imbricated.
ower part on aiemi piles... e223 1. oo eee at eo heeece 1. H. columbianum.
Joower part bi stam: glabrous: 25.645 si55 oo eccancag nt coupes 2. H. canadense.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 547

Stems few-leaved; involucre a series of equal bracts and a few short
calyculate ones.

Flowers white; involucre nearly glabrous....-.....----------- 3. H. albiflorum.
Flowers yellow.
Piehes SOHAL, DIACK NOW 25s Soe Ss Sn ots ce oko ee dics 4. H. gracile.

Heads larger; not black-hairy.
Involucre densely long-hairy.
Cauline leaves ample, half-clasping at the broad

TARR cok eee Rac Dee See es ag none 5. H. longiberbe.
Cauline leaves much reduced..-....------------- 6. H. scoulert.
Involucre with few or no long hairs. .
SpaVen eneely Nirste oo cae eee 7. H. griseum.
Leaves nearly smooth.......-.--...-..-.-.-.--- 8. H. cynoglossoides.

1. Hieracium columbianum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28:513. 1901.

Type Loca.ity: “Priest River Valley,” Idaho.

Rance: North Idaho and adjacent Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dartford, Kreager, September 12, 1903; Loon Lake, Winston,
July 20, 1897; Spokane County, Suksdorf 935; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 510.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

. 2. Hieracium canadense Michx. Fl. 2: 86. 1803.
Tyre Loca.ity: ‘Hab. in Canada.”
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Oregon and New Jersey.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis Elmer 570; Pullman Piper, August 5, 1893; Elmer 307;
Spokane Piper, July 26, 1896; Coupeville Gardner 422.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

38. Hieracium albiflorum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1833.

t Hieracium vancouverianum Arvet-Touv. Spicil. Hier. 10. 1874.

- Type Looatity: -“‘ Rocky Mountains north of Smoking River, Lat. 56°.” Collected by
Drummond.

Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3918; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 113; Seattle, Piper 502;
Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 11; Skagit Pass, Lake
& Hull, August 24, 1892; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 427; Nason
Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 611; Conconully, Whited 1323; Bridge Creek, Elmer 688, in
1897; Tukanon River, Lake 742; Mount Carlton, Kreager 303; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 347.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

4. Hieracium gracile Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1833.

Hieracium triste gracile A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 441. 1876.

Hieracium hookeri Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 763. 1840.

Hieracium arcticum Froel.; DC. Prod. 7: 209. 1838.

Type Locauity: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck
116; Mount Rainier, Piper 2155; Allen 286; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 428; Flett 1082, 1398;
Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 716; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Yakima
County, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 449; Horseshoe Basin,
Elmer 726; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

5. Hieracium longiberbe Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 395. 1901.
Type Locatity: “On cliffs along the Columbia river near the Cascades.”
Rance: Oregon and Washington on cliffs in the Columbia Gap.

548 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 5011; Chenowith, Suksdorf 2133.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6. Hieracium scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1834.

Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Mouth of the Columbia.’ Collected by Scouler.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 671; Colville, Lyall in 1860;
Spokane County, C. A. Ramm, July, 1883; Suksdorf 385; Mount Carlton, Kreager 244;
along the Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 4, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1614; Bishop’s Bar,
Snake River, Piper 2885.

ZONAL ®ISTRIBUTION: Transition.

The relations of this and the two following need careful field study. The differences are
wholly of pubescence, and inasmuch as the different types frequently occur growing together,
the character may be only of formal value.

7. Hieracium griseum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 465. 1900.

Type Loca.ity: Jack Creek, Montana.

Rance: Washington to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Lake Park, Piper 2160 in part; between
Olympia and Gate City, Heller 4053; mouth of Columbia, Scouler; Wenache Mountains,
Whited 1187 in part; Cotton 1744; Chelan, Whited 214; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 741;
Chelan, Elmer 496. >

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

8. Hieracium cynoglossoides Arvet-Touv. Spicil. Hier. 20. 1881.

Hieracium amplum Greene, Erythea 3: 101. 1895.

Tyre Locaity: “North Western Wyoming.”

Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 117; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2255;
Lake Park, Piper 2160 in part; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 426; Klickitat River, /lett 1085,
1077; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 526; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1902; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1187 in part; Tieton River, Cotton 440; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20,
1897; without locality, Vasey 561, 562; Elma, [eller 4063; Loomis. Elmer 550.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

NABALUS.

1. Nabalus hastata (Less.) Heller, Mublenbergia 1: 8. 1900.

Sonchus hastatus Less. Linnaea 6: 99. 1831.

Nabalus alatus Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 1: 294. 1833.

Prenanthes alata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1?: 435. 1884.

Type Locauity: ‘In Unalaschka.”

Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascades, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Olympic Mountains, Piper
in 1890; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper, September, 1902; Monte Cristo, Misses Coffin & Good-
speed; Wind River, Flett 1084; Stevens Pass, Whited 1461; Snoqualmie Pass, Piper;
without locality, Vasey 558; mouth of Queets River, Conard 325.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian.

LACTUCA.
Pappua brown; flowers whitish: - 5.242 so. epo6. 165252045055 ere earns. hy. i spicata.
Pappus white.
Flowels yenow,; ica ves Spiny. 2.2 sb. ove en Js leached cakes 2. L. scariola.

Flowers blue} leaves not spiny << 225. ceacccoGeicsdsstenenaeeeeeres 3. L. pulchella.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 549

1. Lactuca spicata (Lam.) A. S. Hitchcock, Trans. Acad. St. Louis 5: 506. 1891.

Sonchus spicatus Lam. Encyc. 3; 401. 1789.

Sonchus leucophaeus Willd. Sp. Pl. 3:1520. 1803.

Mulgedium leucophaeum DC. Prod. 7: 250. 1838.

Lactuca leucophaea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 73. 1883.

Type Looa.ity: “Carolina.”

Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Oregon and Carolina.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper;
Nisqually Valley, Allen 126a; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 429; Nason Creek, Sandberg &
Leiberg 615; Waitsburg, Horner 11.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Lactuca scariola integrata Gren. & Godr. FI. Fr. 2: 320. 1850.
PRICKLY LETTUCE.
Type Locauity: France. ;
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 467; North Yakima, Watt,
August, 1895; Pullman, Piper, August 15, 1894; Wawawai, Piper, 1615; Spokane, Kreager

3. Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC. Prod. 7: 134. 1838. BLUE LETTUCE,
Sonchus pulchellus Pursh, Fl. 2: 502. 1814. re agai
Tyre Locauity: ‘On the banks of the Missouri.”
Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 567; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895;

Beaver Creek, Whited 30; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Cascade Mountains to Colville,

Lyall in 1860; Cow Creek, Lalli in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 4, 1892; Egbert

Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 422; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August 7, 1892; Wilson Creek,

Lake & Hull 808; Wawawai, Elmer 895; Box Canyon, Kreager 390; athont locality,

Vasey 570. . . cn
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

\ .tssi

SONCHUS. Sow THISTLE.

Heads large, involucre glandular-pubescent......--.---.--------------- 1. S. arvensis.
Heads medium-sized; involucre glabrous.
Leaves prickly-toothed; auricles rounded ....-..-...-.------------- 2. S. asper.
Leaves with soft teeth; auricles acute.............-.-.-.-.-.----- 3. S. oleraceus.

1. Sonchus arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 793, 1753.

Type LocaLity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 150; mouth of Naches River, Piper
2666.

2. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 47. 1769.

Sonchus oleraceus asper L. Sp. Pl. 2: 794. 1753.

TypeE LocaLity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Tukanon River, Lake, July 2,
1892; Pullman, Hull 807.

8. Sonchus oleraceus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 794. 1753.
Type LocaLity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895.

550. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

AMBROSIACEAE. Racweep Faminy.

Heads with both staminate and pistillate flowers; involucre open ........ - Iva.
Heads unisexual; pistillate heads usually spiny.
Bracts of staminate heads separate; pistillate heads forming an oblong

Dati ese sake O25 non os os eam be ae aw easaneenese see sn ease XANTHIUM.
Bracts of staminate heads united.
Pistillate flowers solitary in each head; spines in a single series ... AMBROSIA.
Pistillate flowers 1 to 4 in each head; spines in several series -. -- - GAERTNERIA,
IVA.
Heads in dense panicles; leaves ovate or orbicular, coarsely serrate...... 1. I. zanthiifolia.
Heads in axillary racemes; leaves oblong or obovate, mostly entire. ... 2. I. axillaris.

1. Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. Gen. 2: 185. 1814.

Iva paniculata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 347. 1840.

Type Locauity: ‘‘ Near Fort Mandan,” North Dakota.

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Utah and New esse,

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 355; Leavenworth, Whited
1447; Pullman, Piper 1381; Spokane, Kreager 532.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Iva axillaris Pursh, Fl. 2: 743. 1814.

Type Locatity: ‘‘In upper Louisiana.” Collected by Bradbury.

Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1133; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 450; Wash-
tucna, Elmer 1038; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Lake & Hull, August 7, 1897;
Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 739; Junction, Crab, and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg
318.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

XANTHIUM. CockLesour.

Leaves lanceolate, not cordate, bright green above, white-tomentose
beneath, the axils bearing spines 3.3 .d204 2 bec eeea oes ccm elem oe 1. X. spinosum.
Leaves ovate to orbicular, cordate; axils without spines.
Body of the burs 2.5 to 3 em. long; spines about 100, ai
strongly hooked. - SS PO eee ee Me
Body of the burs 1. : £6 2 em. ne
Spines about 20, approximately as long as the body of the

nAIOWLY Oblong DUT... 6. os.0 2c os ccwe cane oee cues eeens 3. X. oligacanthum.
. Spines 50 to 70.
Burs oblong or slightly ovate; spines about 50, each two-
thirds as long as the diameter.............---.---.- 4. X. affine.
Burs ovate; spines about 70, each~one-half as long as
, Wehe diameters cscs to sac w oe owienw' reese ac aes & Or ee

1. Xanthium spinosum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753.

Type Locatity: ‘‘ Habitat in Lusitania.”’

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Brandegee 889, Colfax, Piper 1591.

Becoming common as a weed in various parts of eastern Washington; locally known as
‘Chinese Thistle.”

2. Xanthium speciosum Kearney, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 574. 1897.
Xanthium silphifolium Greene, Pittonia 4: 60. 1899.
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Near Wolf Creek Station,” Tennessee.

ita di aedlee SS,

ed

hy

“te

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 551

Rance: Washington, Oregon, Missouri, Tennessee.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 189; Wawawai, Piper 1593.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Xanthium oligacanthum sp. nov.

Stem erect or spreading, 30 to 60 cm. high, sparsely hispid; leaves reniform-orbicular,
obscurely lobed and crenate, harshly scabrous, hispid on both faces, the petioles as long
or longer than the blades; fruiting involucres oblong, the body 1.5 cm. long, 5 to 7 mm.
thick, the stout beaks somewhat incurved; prickles 15 to 25, uncinate-tipped, about as —
long as the diameter of the fruit; surface of the fruit and base of prickles pubescent.

‘Bolles, Walla Walla County, Piper, September 18, 1893; also found at Waitsburg by
Horner (no. B 272). The type is in the National Herbarium. This differs from any other
American species in the small size of the fruit and the relatively few prickles.

4, Xanthium affine Greene, Pittonia 4: 60. 1899.

Type Locatity: ‘‘ Sandy banks of the Columbia River, Klickitat County, Washington: ar
Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1583; Spokane, Kreager 537;
Piper September 1, 1899.

5. Xanthium varians Greene, Pittonia 4: 59. 1899. *
Type Locauiry: ‘‘Sandy banks of the Columbia River, Klickitat County, Washington.”

Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1583; Waitsburg, Horner 273 B.

XANTHIUM ECHINATUM Murr. and XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L. are names which appear
in Suksdorf’s list, but they are erroneous determinations of some of the above species.

AMBROSIA. Raaween.

Leaves all opposite; receptacle without chaff..........-.-.-----.- 1. A. trifida.

Leaves opposite and alternate; receptacle chaffy.
Fruiting involucre spiny; leaves thin.........-.-.-----.------ 2. A. artemisiaefolia.
Fruiting involucre tubercled; leaves thick.........-..--.----- 3. A. psilostachya.

1. Ambrosia trifida L. Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753.
Type Locatity: ‘‘ In Virginia, Canada.”
Rance: Saskatchewan and Canada to Texas and Florida.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897 (introduced).

2. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 988. 1753.
Tyre Locatity: “ Habitat in Virginia; Pennsylvania.”
Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mission, Kreager 495. :

2a. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia diversifolia subsp. nov.

Leaves becoming progressively less deeply lobed upward, those of the upper third of
the plant mostiy entire, these ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, narrowed abruptly
to a subsessile base, 3-nerved.

On the gravelly banks of Almota Creek at Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894 (no. 1837).
At this place it seems unquestionably to be native. The entire or subentire upper leaves
present a peculiar characteristic which does not seem to be approached in any eastern
specimens. The plant may represent a distinct species, but in the absence of more abun-
dant material it seems best to treat it as above.

The type is in the National Herbarium.

552 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Prod. 5: 526: 1836.

TypPE Locaity: ‘‘In Mexico, inter San Fernando et Matamoras.”

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897; Pullman, Piper, October
10, 1897.

Apparently an introduced plant in Washington.

GAERTNERIA.
Not maritime; annual, erect or spreading. ............----.--------- 3. G@. acanthicarpa.
Maritime species; prostrate perennials. ;
Teaveai2'te 3 pinnately: parted: 52. 2225.52..22 foes ck eee 1. G. bipinnatifida
Leaves cuneate-obovate, serrate or laciniate...................- 2. G. chamissonis.

1. Gaertneria bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 339. 1891.

Franseria bipinnatifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 344. 1840.

Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Sea coast of Upper California, (St. Barbara, St. Diego, &e.)”

RanGE: Seacoast, Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: I]waco, Henderson, September 7, 1892; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper;
Puget Sound, Henderson 21; Port Angeles, Piper 2307; Fairhaven, Piper, July 2, 1897;
Whatcom County, Suksdorf 976; Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Tacoma, Fett 101.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: #lumid Transition.

2. Gaertneria chamissonis (Less.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 339. 1891.
Franseria chamissonis Less.; DC. Prod. 5: 524. 1836.
Franseria cuneifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 507. 1840.
Type Locauity: California.
RANGE: Seacoasts, Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper in 1854.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Gaertneria acanthicarpa (Hook.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 382. 1894.

Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 309. 1833.

Franseria hookeriana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 345. 1840.

Franseria acanthicarpa Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 129. 1893.

Type Locauity: ‘‘ Banks of the Saskatchewan and Red Rivers.”

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Arizona and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, September, 1883; Fishhook
Ferry, Leiberg 922; banks of Columbia River, Wenache, Whited 28; North Yakima, Waitt,
August, 1895; bluffs of the Columbia above Chelan River, Watson 211; Almota, Piper 1839,
1837; Prosser, Cotton 630; Sunnyside, Cotton 755; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1390.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

ASTERACEAE. Aster F Amity.

6 SYNOPSIS OF THE TRIBES.

Anthers not caudate at base; style branches either truncate or tipped with
an appendage. ead
Heads rayless; style branches club-shaped, obtuse; flowers all perfect,
ROVER VOUOW 0225 Sac sk 2 tis cates pene eaatae eee gee ae ... EUPATORIEAE.
Heads radiate (rarely rayless).
Style branches of perfect. flowers ee or : spped: with a distinct
appendage; leaves mostly alternate.,.,).:1,--+-+-----+--+-- ASTEREAE.
Style branches of perfect flowers, truncate or appendaged, se flat-
tened; leaves often opposite.
Taeclnaes not scarious.

Frew s? ad ‘ ‘ “' dish

NVR ae

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 553

Pappus never capillary.

SROORDINCHT CUBE re Coens Sa se 5 eens ee ose HELIANTHEAE.
Receptacle not chaffy.............-...------.-.- HELENIEAE.

PARIS COA: td ne ks gee oe ios eee oeewes obs SENECIONEAE.

Involucre scarious, pappus not capillary....-.......-.-.-.- ANTHEMIDEAE.

Anthers caudate at base; style-branches neither truncate nor appendaged ;
heads not radiate. ;

Receptacle not bristly; corollas not deeply cleft.........-.-.------- “INULEAE.
Receptacle long bristly; corollas deeply cleft......-.....-.-----.-.- CYNAREAE.
| EUPATORIBAE.
PERS cE ATIPIOUY tet cars tie clack esis oe on eee a as nee esis Evuparorium (p. 555).
MINER TEMINIINM Rot. odes ote ta argsid, aaa com ne --- COLEOSANTHUS (p. 556).
ASTEREAE,
Pappus of 2 to 8 rigid awns; heads large, gummy.....-..--- GRINDELIA (p. 556).

Pappus of numerous capillary bristles.
Rays yellow (sometimes wanting).

Pappus double, the outer very short.......-.-.--- Curysopsis (p. 557).
Pappus simple. :
Heads rayless, small, clustered .......-.-.-.. CurysorHaMNnus (p. 558).

Heads radiate or if rayless, large.
Pappus bristles unequal; heads mostly few
and large.
Style branches setaceous-tipped . .- - - ERICAMERIA (p. 559).
Style branches not setaceous-tipped .. HooreBekia (p. 559).
Pappus bristles equal; heads small, clus-
tered.
Panicle thyrsoid; receptacle alveolate... Sotipaco (p. 561).
Panicle flat-topped; receptacle fimbril-
fT easy ea SO SEI foe per iee ty ei te Eurnamia (p. 563).
Rays white, purple, or blue (yellow in a few Erigerons),
rarely wanting.
Pappus a single series of coarse, rigid bristles... ..- TOWNSENDIA (p. 563).
Pappus of numerous soft bristles.
Bracts of the involucre in many series, their
ijt UPOORGING e227 teen ok eee MACHAERANTHERA (p. 575).
Bracts of the involucre in few (1 to 5) series,
their tips mostly erect.
Involucral bracts in one or two series, nar-
row; rays usually narrow and numerous - ErtGeron (p. 563).
Involucral bracts in two to five series,
rays broader, less numerous.
Involucre narrow, with rigid bracts;

PAVE WHILO, TOW 7.55 a noe eo eoe SERICOCARPUS (p. 569).
Involucre turbinate or hemispheric.
Stems scape-like .......-...-.--- OREASTRUM (p. 569).

Stems leafy.
Scales of the involucre dry
and chartaceous, closely
appressed... .. - cn aes EucerHa.us (p. 569).
Seales of the involucre more
or less herbaceous and
apreading —. -2.22:2. x5 ~--- ASTER (p. 570).

554 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

HELIANTHEAE,

Involucral scales boat-shaped, each more or less inclosing a
ray akene. :
Akenes all laterally compressed....................--- Mania (p. 575).
Akenes not laterally compressed.
Ray akenes turgid, or somewhat obcompressed.

Involucre 4 or 5-suleate; disk flower solitary ... Hemizone.a (p. 577).
Involucre not sulcate; disk flowers several... _.. Hemizonia (p. 577).

Ray akenes obcompressed.
Rays about 5; pappus none.................- LaGopuy ta (p. 577).
Rays 8 to 13; pappus capillary................ Buerenariearrus (p. 578).

Involucral scales not inclosing the outer akenes.
Pappus present, of well-developed scales or awns.

Scales of the pappus 12 to 20, thin, fringed......... PTILONELLA (p. 578).
Scales of the pappus awn-like.
Awn-like scales 2 or 4, retrorsely barbed -.-... - Buwwens (p. 578).
Awn-like scales 2, subulate..................- Coreopsis (p. 579).
Pappus wanting, or crown-like, or of short teeth.
Receptacle elongatescylindric.................---- Rupseck1a (p. 579).

Receptacle flat or convex.
Rays pistillate and fertile.

PRDDOS DONG. os 565 onde oe scene tk ese e BaLsaMoruiza (p. 580).
Pappus a toothed crown..........-.---.- Wreruia (p. 581).
Rays neutral.
Akenes flat and thin. <.ide. 52-600 s2005 HELIANTHELLA (p. 582).
Akenes prismatic...............-.....-.. He Liantuus (p. 582).
HELENIEAE.,

Bracts of the involucre in two series; receptacle naked; pap-
DUN OI fac 2G 6 ox oo ee ewe Re ob e ae tee seem cee Jaumra (p. 582).
Bracts of the involucre in one series.
Akenes linear, 4-angled.

Bracts of the involucre united..........-...-.---.- EERiopHyLium (p. 583).
Bracts of the involucre separate, linear.
Heads radiate. :
Pappus scales thin, blunt; viscid perennial. Huxsea (p. 583).
Pappus scales awn-like; annual .........-- Riaioparpus (p. 583).
Heads rayless, but marginal flowers enlarged;
pappus scales blunt, hyaline.-.........--.-- CHAENACTIS (p. 583).
Akenes obpyramidal.
Heventaele Dratly . 2.0559 bs nh ao scape eee eeene GAILLARDIA (p. 584),
Receptacle naked.
Akenes 4-5 angled; pappus scales 10 to 20 -.--- HyMenoparrpus (p. 584),
Akenes 8-10 ribbed; pappus scales 5 or 6....- -- He.enium (p. 584).
ANTHEMIDEAE.
Ray flowers present. :
Receptacle chaffy.
Involucre narrow; rays short ........-..------.--- AcHILLEA (p. 584).
Involucre broad; rays conspicuous. .........-.----- AntTHEMIS (p. 585).
ROCCDIACIN MAROO so53 Gisasseera ee ere ode ewe ase Gas CHRYSANTHEMUM (p. 585).

Ray flowers none.
TipeePtRCle OOMICA Nc. 5.20) bee canoe Saas ees ahead es Marricaria (p. 585).

si

, ’

al

at acl arte heli | cola

ore ee.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 555

Receptacle not conical.
Heads slender-peduncled; pistillate flowers apetalous.... Coruna (p. 586).
Heads clustered; corollas present.
Pappus a short crown; heads corymbed .-----.- ~~ -- - TANACETUM (p. 586).
Pappus none; heads racemose or panicled .-...-.-- - ARTEMISIA (p. 586).

SENECIONEAE.
Shrub; involucre of 4 to 6 concave bracts......-..-------------- TreTRADYMIA (p. 590).
Herbs.
dheaves-allor mogtly opposite:..-. 2.2.20. .60.0 be de nec ceeeee Arnica (p. 580)

Leaves alternate.
Flowers whitish or pinkish; heads rayless.
Leaves large, palmately lobed, mostly basal.

Styles united nearly to the apex .............. Prrasrres (p 593).

Styles united about half way -.....-.-.--.-.-- Cacautopsis (p. 594).
Leaves entire; stems leafy. 3

Heads about 10-flowered, corymbed.-.....--. -- - Lurna (p. 594).

Heads 4 to 6-flowered, paniculate..-.......-...- RaIrniERA (p. 594).

Flowers yellow; rays present (except in a few species of
Senecio).
Involucre hemispheric; heads solitary......-.....--- Crocrprum (p. 594).
Involucre campanulate; heads usually corymbose.... SeNEcIO (p. 595).
INULEAE.

Pappus capillary, at least in pistillate flowers.
_ , Plants dioecious or polygamo-dioecious.

Pappus of staminate flowers clavate..............------ ANTENNARIA (p. 601).
Pappus of all the flowers similar................-...-- ANAPHALIS (p. 606).
Plants not dioecious; flowers all fertile. ...............-..-- GNAPHALIUM (p. 606).

Pappus none.

Receptacle naked; leaves large, green above. .........--..- ADENOCAULON (p. 607).

Receptacle chaffy; leaves small, woolly............-.--.--- PsILOCARPHUS (p. 607).
CYNAREAE,
Akenes obliquely attached by one side at base.
Heads not subtended by bristly leaves .........-.-.--------- CENTAUREA (p. 608).
Heads sessile, subtended by bristly leaves..........-------- Cnicus (p. 608).
Akenes attached by the very base, not oblique.
Filaments monadelphous below .....-....-..-------------- SityBum (p. 609).
Filaments distinct.
Leaves and usually the involucral bracts prickly... ..... Carpvuus (p. 609).
Leaves not prickly.
Heads globose, the bracts hook-tipped -.......-...- Arctium (p. 611).
Heads oblong, the bracts unarmed........-.-..--- SaussurkA (p. 611).
EUPATORIUM.

1. Eupatorium occidentale Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 305. 1833.

Krystenia occidentalis Greene, Leaflets 1: 9. 1903.

Type Looa.rry: “On the low hills between the north and south branch of Lewis and
Clarks River in stony places.” Collected by Douglas.

RanGE: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 865; Ellensburg, Elmer 423
1084; Klickitat River, Suksdorf, July 16, 1886.

556 “ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

COLEOSANTHUS.
Leaves cordate-triangular, coarsely toothed..............-:-.---.--- 1. C. grandiflorus.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire.
AKones glandular sy 2.2.00 ass Sette eo ee he eee tas a cee 2. C. oblongifolius.
Akones hispid; not glandular: << i2c5.25ci we esigccaes cee iee teed 3. C. linifolius.

1. Coleosanthus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
_ Brickellia grandiflora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 287. 1840.

Type Locauity: ‘In the Rocky Mountain range by streams in gravelly places, and west
to the lower falls of the Columbia.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington and Montana to New Mexico and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 2381 ; Kreager 542, 547; Spokane Falls, Geyer
452; Blue Mountains, Salmon River, Horner 351.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Coleosanthus oblongifolius (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.

Brickellia oblongifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 7: 288. 1840.

Type Locauiry: “Gravel bars of the Columbia and tributary streams, and along the
Wahlamet, common.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 491; Klickitat Prairie, Howell;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 710; Umtanum Creek, Cotton
819.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Coleosanthus linifolius (Eaton) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.

Brickellia linifolia Eaton in S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 137. pl. 15. 1871.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Sandy bottoms of American Fork, Jordan Valley, Utah.”

Rance: Washington to Utah and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 369; Piper 2745; Whited 690, 574; Egbert
Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 408; Yakima region, Brandegee 836; Spokane, Henderson 2277;
Piper; bars of Touchet River, Horner 354; Spokane Bridge, Sandberg, McDougal, & Heller
911.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

GRINDELIA.
Heads small, 6 to 8 mm. high; bracts squarrose.
GY DIMOU octcs nase knee ee ee ents ubke one tse ees 1. G. nana.
ROGUE WADIOE sc coe ie ode A eb ech aceges weak orale la. G. nana columbiana.
Heads larger; bracts not squarrose.
Cauline leaves broadest at base... .......2225---2sesss0+- 2. G. integrifolia.
Cauline leaves narrowest at base.
Stems aulirutescents: 22 cess Aceh ets ee 3. G. hendersoni.
Stems herbaceous... ..-. -- Pie Sune iy coer eC es Pe a2 4. G. oregana.

1. Grindelia nana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 314. 1840.

Type Loca.ity: “Forests of Oregon, near Fort Vancouver, etc.”” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Vancouver, Nuttall; Chelan, Elmer 498; Spangle, Suksdorf
333; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Belmont, Piper 1833; St. Johns, Lake & Hull 754;
Pullman, Hardwick, August 18, 1895; Waitsburg, Horner 566.

' Zona pistripution: Arid Transition.

la. Grindelia nana columbiana nom. nov. “n't
: Grindelia discoidea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 315. 1840, not Hook. & Arn, 1836.
Grindelia nana discoidea A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 12: 119. 1884.

tee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 557

Type Locariry: “On the banks of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Oregon and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 189; White Bluff Ferry, Lake &
Hull 753 and August 11, 1892; without locality, Cooper; Wenache, Whited 1151; Wilson
Creek, Lake & Hull 753; Toppenish, Cotton 780.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Grindelia integrifolia DC. Prod. 7: 315. 1836.
Grindelia virgata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 314. 1840.
Type Locatiry: “N. W. America.” ,
RaneGeE: Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Vancouver, Piper 3805; Tolmie.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

3. Grindelia hendersoni Greene, Pittonia 2: 18. 1889.
Type Locauiry: “Lummi Island,’’ Washington. Collected by Henderson
Range: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lummi Island, Henderson 1676.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.
This is perhaps only a perennating form of the following.

4. Grindelia oregana A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 118. 1884.

Tyre LocaLity: Oregon.

Range: British Columbia to Oregon along the coast.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Steilacoom, Suckley; Port Ludlow, Binns, September 15, 1890;
1890; Orcas Island, Henderson 2300; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Oyhut, Lamb 1270;
Rock Island, San Juan County, Henderson 2300; Tacoma, Flett 119; Seattle, Piper 2865;
Union City, Piper in 1890; Stuart Island, Lawrence 38; Copalis Conard 387.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

GRINDELIA HIRSUTULA Hook. & Arn. is listed by Suksdorf, but we find no evidence of its
belonging to our flora.

CHRYSOPSIS.
DMM TURN res ees he Sia Bee PES aie hole inte Se REE ee Sue e Ree 1. C. oregana.
Rays present. ;
Leayés canescent, strigose, or hirsute:-..22. 2552. ...c.c 2c. teeskoce 3 2. C. villosa.
Leaves green, hirsute and hispid. -2.5. 2.0.5 2s2 2 see oes Sees da ses 3. C. hispida.

1. Chrysopsis oregana (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 543. 1865.

Ammodia oregana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 32. 1840.

Type Locaity: “On the sand and gravel banks of the Oregon and its tributary streams.”
Collected by Nuttall.

Ranee: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2194, 1063; Ellensburg, Whited 576,
689.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834.

Amellus villosus Pursh, Fl. 2: 564. 1814.

Diplopappus villosus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834.

TypE cocatity: “On the Missouri.”’

RanaGe: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and Alabama.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 153; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg
454; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Wenache, Whited 7; Ellensburg, Whited 575;
near Colville, Lyall in 1860; Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Wawawai, Piper, July 8, 1898;
Elmer 1017; Illia, Lake & Hull 752; Box Canyon, Kreager 397; Meyers Falls, Kreager 516.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran, mainly.

558 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Chrysopsis hispida (Hook.) Nutt.; DC. Prod. 7: 279. 1839.

Diplopappus hispidus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834.

Chrysopsis hirsuta Greene, Pittonia 3: 296. 1898.

Tyre vocarity: ‘“Carlton-House Fort.”

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Texas and Arizona, .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane, Piper 2385;
Granddalles, Cotton 1550.

ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

CHRYSOTHAMNUS. Rassir srusu.

Bracts of the involucre attenuate, acute............. 22.222 ce ee enene 4. C. bloomeri.
Bracts of the involucre obtuse or obtusish. :
Stems glabrous.

Heads few; plant 15 to 30 em. high................... cece. 1. C. pumilus.
Heads numerous; plant .5 to 2 m. high... ... ee re eee 2. C. viseidiflorus,
Stems more or lens pubescent... oic.c cos cece vecaaacssahee sens. 3. C. nauseosus.

1. Chrysothamnus pumilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 323. 1840.

Bigelovia douglasii pumila A. Gray, Syn. FI. 17: 140. 1884.

Tyee Locauity: ‘On the border of Lewis River and the Rocky Mountain plains.” Col-
lected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington and Montana to Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima region, Brandegee in 1882.

2. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840.

Crinitaria viscidiflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 24. 1834.

Bigelovia viscidiflora DC. Prod. 7: 279. 1838.

Bigelovia douglasii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873.

Tyre Locauity: “On the barren plains of the Columbia from the Great Falls to the
mountains, and along Salmon River.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Dakota, south to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 855;
North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1328; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 481; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 382; Chelan, Elmer 852; Coulee
City, Lake & Hull 732; without locality Vasey 509; mouth of Snake River, Cooper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2a. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus lanceolatus (Nutt.) Greene, Erythea 3: 95. 1895.

Chrysothamnus lanceolatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840.

Bigelovia douglasii lanceolata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 140. 1884.

Tyre Locatiry: “Toward the source of the Platte and on the banks of Lewis River.”
Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tampico, Fett 1026.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

‘3. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britton in Britt. & Br. Ill. Fl. 3: 326. 1898.

Chrysocoma nauseosa Pall.; Pursh, Fl. 2: 517. 1814.

Chrysothamnus speciosus albicaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840.

Bigelovia graveolens albicaulis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873.

TyprE Locauity: “On the banks of the Missouri.”

Rance: Washington to Alberta, south to California and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Cooper; Ellensburg, Whited 856; Umtanum
Creek, Cotton 895; Prosser, Cotton 897; Blue Mountains, Horner 327; Wawawai, Piper 1571;
Quillamene Creek, Cotton 1790.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

4

os 5

aie Laat

Su

ae

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 559

8a. Chrysothamnus nauseosus graveolens (Nutt.).

Chrysocoma graveolens Nutt. Gen. 2: 136. 1818.

Bigelovia gravolens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873.

Chrysothamnus speciosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 323. 1840.

Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Missouri in denudated soils.”

Rance: British Columbia to Dakota, south to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Waitt, August, 1895;
Wenache, Whited 1327; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 481; White Bluffs, Dunn, Septem-
ber 13, 1902; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 344; (Ghelan, Elmer 851; Coulee City,
Lake & Hull 733: Spokane, Sandberg, McDougal, - HH eller 913.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

4. Chrysothamnus bloomeri Greene, Erythea 3: 115. 1895.

Aplopappus bloomeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 541. 1865.

_Typr toca.iry: ‘Mount Davidson, Nevada.”

Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 190; Yakima Region, Brandegee 843;
Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1880; Big Klickitat Hive Cotton 1490; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Mitchell Creek, Okanopan County, Gorman 835 (erroneously referred to

Aplopappus watsoni); Mount Adams, Henderson & Fiett 1068; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf,
October 3, 1881.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.
ERICAMERIA.

1. Ericameria nana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 319. 1840.
Ericameria resinosa Nutt. loc. cit.
Aplopappus nanus D. C. Eaton in Wats. Bot. King Explor. 159. 1871.

Type Locatiry: “On shelving rocks on the Blue Mountains of Oregon.”’ Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to Idaho and Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 338; mountains north of
Ellensburg, Whited 862; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894: Yakima Region, Bran-

degee 845; Chelan, Elmer 855; Alkali cra Sandberg & Leiberg 418; cliffs at the mouth of
the Rakanon, Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

HOOREBEKIA.
Bracts of the involucre rigid.

Rays inconspicuous or wanting; leaves coriaceous or nearly so.

Heads large, solitary or few, discoid..........---.-.-----.- 1. H. carthamoides.

Heads middle-sized, racemose; rays small................. 2. H. racemosa.
Rays conspicuous.

Leaves membranaceous, serrate, hirsute or villous. ......--- 3. H. hirta.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, glabrous....-.-.---..----.----- 4. H. hallii.

Bracts of the involucre not rigid; leaves entire.
Plants herbaceous, low.

Involucre glandular; stems leafy........-...-.-.-.-.-.--- 5. H. lyallui.

Involucre woolly; stems naked or nearly so........-.-.--- 6. H. lanuginosa.
Plants shrubby, at least at base.

Leaves linear, very narrow, scabrous...........--.------- 7. H. stenophylla.

Leaves lanceolate or oblong-spatulate, puberulent.......... 8. H. greenet.

1. Hoorebekia carthamoides (Hook.)
Pyrrocoma carthamoides Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 307. pl. 107. 1833.
Aplopappus carthamoides A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 65. 1863.

560 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Tyre Locatiry: “ Northwest coast of America.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima region, Brandegee 841; Klickitat Prairie, Howell in
1880; White Salmon, Suksdorf 391; Tshimikaine [Chamokane], Geyer 588; Spokane County,
Suksdorf 336.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

la. Hoorebekia carthamoides cusickii (A. Gray).

Aplopappus carthamoides cusickii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1?: 126. 1884.

Pyrrocoma cusickii Greene, Erythea 2: 59. 1894.

Tyre Locauiry: “ Union Co., Oregon.”’ Collected by Cusick.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886; Kamiak Butte, Piper,
July 20, 1899. .

ZONAL bistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Hoorebekia racemosa (Nutt.).
Homopappus racemosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.7: 332. 1840.
Pyrrocoma racemosa Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2; 244. 1842.
Aplopappus racemosus Torr. in Sitgreaves Rep. 162. 1853.
Tyre vocauity: “Plains of the Wahlamet,” Oregon. Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Nevada.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 337; Pullman, Piper 1572.
ZONAL pistriBuTION: Arid Transition.

3. Hoorebekia hirta (A. Gray). --
Aplopappus hirtus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 127. 1884.
Pyrrocoma hirta Greene, Erythea 2: 69. 1894.
Tyre Locauity: Baker Co., Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
RanGE: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Brandegee.

4. Hoorebekia hallii (A. Gray).
Aplopappus hallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 389. 1872.
Tyre Locauity: “ Bluffs of the Columbia River at the Dalles.’ Collected-by Hall.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 389.

5. Hoorebekia lyallii (A. Gray). i
Aplopappus lyallii A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 64. 1863.
TyrE Locauity: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, at 2,270 m. altitude. Collected by
Lyall.
Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 802; Cascade Mountains, east side at
2,270 meters, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Howell; Suksdorf.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

6. Hoorebekia lanuginosa (A. Gray).

Aplopappus lanuginosus A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 347. 1874.

Stenotus lanuginosus Greene, Erythea 2: 72. 1894.

Type Locauity: “ Upper part of the north fork of the Columbia River,’ Washington.
Collected by the Wilkes Expedition.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2701; upper Wenas River, Henderson 2291;
Wenache, Whited 6, 1104, 1259; Yakima, Brandegee 844; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 285;
Blue Mountains, Piper 2430.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

TA TN ST VST BG i ee Fain Freee ee ree eee

7

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 561

_'?. Hoorebekia stenophylla (A. Gray).

Aplopappus stenophyllus A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 347. 1874.

Stenotus stenophyllus Greene, Erythea 2: 72. 1894.

Tyre Locatity: Spipen [Naches] River and north fork of the Columbia River. Col-
lected by Pickering and Brackenridge.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 28; Ellens-
burg, Piper 2685; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; near Cleveland, Suksdorf 335;
Klickitat County, Howell in 1882; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 346.

ZONAL pisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

8. Hoorebekia greenei mollis (A. Gray).
Aplopappus greenet mollis A. Gray, Syn. FI. 17: 135. 1884.
_ Aplopappus mollis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 80. 1880.
Macronema molle Greene, Erythea 2: 73. 1894.
Type Locauiry: “Tigh mountains of Union Co., Oregon.”’ Collected by Suksdorf.:
Rance: Washington and Oregon. :
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima region, Brandegee 839, 842; Lake Chelan, Gorman 845.
*Gorman’s plant was mentioned in his paper on the Washington Forest Reserve as
Macronema suffruticosum Nutt.

SOLIDAGO. GoLpENrop.

Branches of the panicle racemiform.
Leaves thin; stems erect and tall.
Heads small, 4 to 5 mm. long, in very dense panicles.

Bracts of the panicle leaf-like......................... 1. 8. caurina.
Bracts of the panicle not leaf-like .........-.-.------- 2. S. elongata.
Heads larger, 5 to 7 mm. long in looser panicles ............ 3. S. serotina.
Leaves thick and firm.
tovolucral-bracts thin; acutisit: 00062. oe 4. S. tolmieana.
Thvoludral bracta-tirm,-ObbUSe <.2.c.22 -\seys ceslsicmicm ciate nase 5. S. missouriensis.
Branches of the panicle not racemiform.
Involucral bracts acute; alpine .................-----..------- 6. S. corymbosa.

Involucral bracts obtuse.
Panicle loose, raceme-like

tA AC seinen e accuse eee sce 7. S. purshit.
Panicle dense, branched

Diwwk aoe chown cacmoap eas oe wei cele 8. S. glutinosa.

1. Solidago caurina Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 40. 1901.

Type Locatiry: '‘Cascade Mts , Wash., above Lake Chelan.”

RanGeE: Cascade Mountains of Washington

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 30; Horseshoe Basin, Lake and Hull
818.

2. Solidago elongata Nutt. Trans Am. Phil Soe. 7: 327. 1840. 2

Tyre Locaity: “ Wappatoo Island and the plains of the Oregon.” Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Seattle, Piper 1136, Whatcom County, Suksdorf 974; Tacoma,
Flett 67; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 13; Puyallup, Flett 66; Leavenworth, Savage 4;
Yakima County, Henderson 2318, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 30; McCloud Lake, Suks-
dorf 974; Fort Vancouver, Douglas; Trout Lake, Flett 1071, Fish Lake, Dunn, July 31,
1900; Stevens Pass, Whited 1443; Spokane County, Henderson 2317.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

29418—06 m——36 k

562 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

3. Solidago serotina Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 211. 1789.

Type Locauity: “North America.”’

Rance: Washington to Newfoundland, south to Nevada, Texas, and Georgia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 29; Rock Island, Sandberg &
Leiberg 449; Beaver Creek, Whited 17; Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Pullman, Piper 3102;
Wawawai, Piper, August 23, 1895, August 24, 1894; Newport, Kreager 451; Prosser, Cotton
811; Mabton, Cotton 756.

3a. Solidago serotina salebrosa Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 185. 1901.

Tyre cocauity: Pullman, Washington.

Rance: Washington and Oregon eastward across the continent.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, August, 1892; Silver Lake, Henderson 2317;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 806; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 28; without locality,
Brandegee; North Yakima, Piper 1785; Watt, August, 1895; Coulee City, Lake & Hull
797; Alma, Elmer 524; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 796; Union Flat, Lake & Hull, July
18, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1580; Henderson 2313.

ZONAL DistriBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

This plant has frequently been considered a form of S. canadensis L., a, species not known
in our limits. :

4. Solidago tolmieana A. Gray, Syn. FI. 17: 151. 1884.

Tyre Locauity: Fort Vancouver, Wash., collected by Tolmie.

Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region:

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson 1708, 2316, 1709; Kincaid; Fort Vancouver,
Tolmie.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

5. Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. 7: 32. 1834.

Type cocauiry: “On the upper branches of the Missouri and Arkansas.”

Rance: Washington to Manitoba, south to Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 480; Peshastin, Sandberg &
Leiberg 539; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 794; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 795; Spokane, Hen-
derson 2315; Spokane County, Suksdorf 926; Pullman, Piper; Henderson 2314; Hull, July
16, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 573; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 480.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

6. Solidago corymbosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 328 1840.

Solidago multiradiata scopulorum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 191. 1882.

Solidago ciliosa Greene, Pittonia 3: 22. 1896.

Solidago hesperia Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 303. 1900.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Central chain of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2200, 2199; Mount Stuart, Elmer
1196; Yount Rainier, Piper 2158; Smith 1064; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1313, Silverton, Bouck
105; without locality, Brandegee 14; Loomis, Elmer 562.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic.

7. Solidago purshii Porter, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 311. 1894.

Solidago humilis Pursh, Fl. 2: 543. 1814.

Type Locauity: “In North America ”

Rance: Newfoundland to Virginia. Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper 886; Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Tacoma, Flett
878; without locality, Henderson 2319.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

These western specimens are so similar to the Atlantic coast plant that | am compelled so
to refer them, notwithstanding the fact that the species is unknown in intermediate regions.

ae
eS ee ee a ——

6 Eo ed

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 5638

8. Solidago glutinosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 328. 1840.

Solidago confertiflora DC. Prod. 5: 339 1836, not Nutt. 1834.

Type Locatity: “Plains of the Oregon and Wahlamet.’”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Fort Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition,
Coupeville, Gardner 423.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

EUTHAMIA.

1. Euthamia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 326. 1840.

Solidago occidentalis Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 226. 1841.

Type Loca.ity: “Banks of the Oregon and Wahlamet, and Lewis River.’’ Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, August 1892; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895;
Ellensburg, Whited 589; banks of Columbia, Brandegee 868; Okanogan River, Watson 190;
Coulee City, Lake & Hull 793; Spokane, Elmer 869; Piper, October 1, 1900; Pullman, Piper
4114; Spokane, Kreager 550; Prosser, Cotton 887; Vancouver, Sheldon 11290.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition.

TOWNSENDIA.

1. Townsendia florifer (Hook.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 84. 1880.

Townsendia strigosa Nutt. err. det. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 344. 1874.

Erigeron florifer Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 20. 1834.

Type Loca.ity: “Near Priests Rapids of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tampico, Flett 1107; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 347; opposite
Willows, Howell; Wenas Valley, Lyall in 1860; Yakima Reservation, Miss Cooley, July,
1891; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Steinweg in 1894; Ellensburg, Piper 2687;
Posto, Piper 2988; Elmer 1058; Hindshaw 9; without locality, Hodenon in 1892: Casals
City, Piper 3862; Ritzville, Saadiers & ae 169.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

ERIGERON.

’ Rays conspicuous, much surpassing the disk.

Root stout, perennial or perennating by offsets.
Tall species with flat, rather broad and large
leaves.
Rays narrow, 100 to 150; involucre smooth
or hirsute, not viscid.
Leaves entire; involucre usually hirsute;

not stoloniferous:: .< c<< fe saee eases 1. E. speciosus.
Leaves dentate; involucre smooth; stol-
ORITBEOUNS. < Ue nh e ca seek wes 16. E. philadelphicus.
Rays broader, 30 to 50; involucre viscid.
Leaves thick; rays pink...-.........-. 2. EF. salsuginosus.
Leaves thin; rays violet. ......... . 3. EH. membranaceus.
Low species; leaves either narrow or riog ly bassh
Rays yellow.
* Heads solitar y; leaves obovate or spatu-
TRGB brats oats a Goes iss hin wie teeing oS 12. FE. aureus.

Heads several; leaves linear.

564

Leaves hispidulous, curved; rays

Wale VONOW . 22 ieee oss 5seter eas 5
Leaves canescent-puberulent,
straight; rays bright yellow... -..- 10

Rays not yellow.

Leaves cleft or parted.
Leaves parted into narrow lobes.... 9.
Leaves merely 3 to 5-cleft..........

Leaves entire or merely toothed.
Stems branched, leafy, usually bear-

ing several heads.

Pubescence long and dense;

rays blue, pink or white... .. . 4.

Pubescence very short.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-
ONVEO chase ec cbse 6.
Leaves filiform or linear, 1-
nerved
Stems simple, scapiform; head al-
ways solitary.
Leaves dentate, broadly spatu-
late.
Involucre glandular; stems
not producing offsets... -
Involucre glabrate; stems
producing rosulate offsets.
Leaves entire; involucre not
glandular.
Rays white, leaves linear-
lanceolate. 5222 <<c<408 8
Rays violet.
Involucre very woolly.

ll,

13.

Involucre hispidulous. 7.

Roots annual, fibrous; leaves toothed or lobed. «
Stems diffusely branched; rays pink 100 to 120...
Stems erect, branched aboveggays white 40 to 60. .

Rays very short or wanting.
Plants low; root stout, perennial; heads solitary to
numerous.

Leaves ternately cleft or parted; involucre hirsute -
Leaves linear or linear-spatulate, narrow; invo-

; lucre: villosa Soe ese eee eas Seek 20
Plants tall; heads several to numerous.
Rays wanting; heads cymose; leaves firm; root pe-
TONDIGES oxye te as eye ee ee ee we 19.
Rays present, short.
Heads paniculate; involucre glabrous; root an-
DUS esc oe Re eee EE ays 21.
Heads corymbose; involucre hirsute at least
at base; roots biennial.
Tall, 30 to 60 cm.; heads many..-..-.-.- 22.
Low 10 to 20 cm.; heads few-.......-..- 22a

9a.

9b.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

. E. curvifolius.

_ E. filifolius.

E. compositus.
E. compositus trifidus.

E. hispidissimus.

E.. corymbosus.

EL. linearis

E. leibergii.

. EB. oreganus.

EE. nevadensis.

. E. uniflorus.

E. poliospermus.

. E. divergens.
. E£. ramosus.

E.. compositus discoideus.

. EL. bloomeri.

E. eradiatus.

E. canadensis.

E. acris.

. E. acris debilis.

See Sa oe hee

FRO ie*

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 565

1. Erigeron speciosus DC. Prod. 5: 284. 1833.

Stenactis speciosa Lind]. Bot. Reg. t. 1577. 1833.

Type voca.ity: “California.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to southern Oregon, Idaho, and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 812; Whidby Island, Gardner 175;
Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Olympia, Heller 4041; Fort
Vancouver, Tolmie; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1110; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 476;
Upper Naches River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; along Twisp River, Whited 41; Leaven-
worth, Whited, August 6, 1896; Tieton River, Cotton 439; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 222;
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 561; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 401; Yakima region, Bran-
degee 880; Conconully, Whited 1317; Wenache foothills, Whited 1295, 1182; Trout Lake,
Flett 1090; Loomis, Elmer 578; Fort Colville to Cascades, Lyall in 1860; without locality,
Vasey 513. —

‘ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Erigeron saluginosus (Richards.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 93. 1881.
Aster salsuginosus Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 2: 748. 1823.
Type Locauity: “On the Salt Plains in the Athabasca.”
Rance: Alaska to California and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 30; Smith, August, 1890; Piper 2148; Cas-

. cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 560; Flett 1092;

upper Atanum River, Henderson, August, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 353;
Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Henderson, August, 1892; near Skagit Pass, Lake &
Hull, August 27, 1892; between Wenache and Ellensburg, Whited, August, 1896; Yakima
region, Brandegee 876; without locality, Vasey 510.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic.

2a. Erigeron salsuginosus angustifolius A. pied Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 93. 1880.
Type Locauity: “California.”
Rance: Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 142; Silverton, Bouck 110; Yakima region,
Brandegee 877.

3. Erigeron membranaceus Greene, Pittonia 3: 294. 1898.
Tyre Loca.ity: “Eastern Oregon” in the Blue Mountains. Collected by Cusick.
Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2401.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

4. Erigeron hispidissimus (Hook.)

Erigeron strigosus hispidissimus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 18. 1834.

Erigeron concinnus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 174. 1841.

Distasis coneinna Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 350. 1840.

Type Loca.ity: “Plentiful in the vallies of the Blue Mountains and of the Spokane
River.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 447; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894;
Watt in 1895; Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; Wenache, Whited, July, 1895, and 1098;
Bickleton, Suksdorf 352; Naches, Lyall in 1860; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 403; Pasco,
Hindshaw 51; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 236; Ritzville, Sandberg & Lei-
berg 195; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Medical Lake, Henderson 2302, 2304; Moses Coulee, Lake
& Hull 696; Spokane, Piper 2275, 1831; Savage 14; Elmer 375; between Coulee City and
Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Waitsburg, Horner 170; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 348.

ZONAL pDistRiBuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

566 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Erigeron curvifolius Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 396. 1900.

2 Chrysopsis hirtella DC. Prod. 5: 327. 1836, not Erigeron hirtellus DC. Prod. 5: 290.
1836. ;

Type Locatity: Morgan’s Ferry, Yakima County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snipes Mountain, Cotton 384; Soap Lake, McKay 5; Morgans
Ferry, Yakima County, Suksdorf, June 7, 1884; Washtucna, Elmer 1036; Pasco, Hindshaw,
May 25, 1896; Piper 2993; Connell, Leckenby, June 18, 1897; near Ephrata, Griffiths & Cot-
ton 494: Kahlotus, Cofton 1009; Prosser, Cotton 1100, 1075.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

This species was included by Doctor Gray in E. chrysopsidis Gray. The type locality of
that is given as “E. Oregon and adjacent Washington Terr., Douglas, Cusick, Nevius,
Howell.”’

6. Erigeron corymbosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 308. 1840.

Tyre Locatity: “ Rocky Mountains towards the Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 374; Whited 515, 678 and June 27, 1897;
Wenache, Whited 1144; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 458; Chelan, Whited 138, 7; Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 254; Coulee City, Lake 719; Medical Lake, Henderson
2303, July, 1892; Spangle, Suksdorf 351; without locality, Vasey 520, 125; Pullman, Piper
1601; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 872; Illia, Lake & Hull 695; Spokane, Piper, June 25,
1897; without locality, Wilkes Expedition; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 689.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Erigeron poliospermus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 210. 1884.

Tyre Locauity: “Umatilla, Oregon.’’ Collected by Howell.

Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Whited 720; North Yakima,
Leckenby, April 22, 1898; Steinweg; Henderson, May 25, 1892; Wenache, Whited, May 27,
1896, 1085; Tampico, Flett 1064; Columbus, Suksdorf, April 13, 1886; Bickleton, Suksdorf
348; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 331; Klickitat River, Flett 1106 in part; Coulee City,
Piper 3888; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August 6, 1892; Spokane, Leiberg 39; Walla Walla,
Brandegee 869; Tweedy 922; Prosser, Cotton 586.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

8. Erigeron nevadensis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 649. 1873.
Type Locatity: Near Virginia City, Nevada. Collected by Bloomer.
Rance: Washington to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 875.

9. Erigeron compositus Pursh, Fl. 2: 535. 1814.
Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Kooskoosky,”’ Idaho. Collected by Lewis.
RanGeE: Washington to California and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Spokane, Piper 2289; Spokane Hills, Lyall in 1861; Spokane,
Henderson 2306; Sandberg & Leiberg 1.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

9a. Erigeron compositus trifidus (Hook.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 90. 1881.

Erigeron trifidus Hook. F). Bor. Am. 2: 17. 1834.

Type Locauitry: “ Barren places among the Rocky Mountains.”

Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith 496; Piper 2144; Mount Adams, Flett 1079;
Suksdorf ; Henderson, August 10,1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; F’lett 120;
J. M. Grant 30; Mount Stuart, 2/mer 1211; Klickitat River, Flett 1106.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

Habe EE bs OND soma

t wabie

oe pe!

Ae

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 567

7 9b. Erigeron compositus discoideus A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 33: 237. 1862.

Type LocaLity: Rocky Mountains, Colorado. Collected by Parry.
Rance: Washington to Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49° at 2,100 meters, Lyall in 1860.

10. Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 308. 1840.

Diplopappus fulifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1834.

Chrysopsis canescens DC. Prod. 5: 328. 1836.

Erigeron peucephyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 89. 1880.

Type Locauity: “Common on the Great Falls of the Columbia, and barren grounds of
the interior.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Ranee: British Columbia to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 83, 27, 1074; Ellensburg, Piper 2684; Whited
352, 641; Elmer 368; Yakima, Leckenby, May 11, 1898; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894;
Watt, June, 1892; Sunnyside, Cotton 355; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 363; Toppenish,
Henderson, May 28, 1892; Bickelton, Suksdorf 334; Wenas Valley, Lyall in 1860; Tampico,
Flett 1065; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 233, Cheney, Mrs. Susan Tucker in
1890 and 1892; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 142; Coulee City, Piper 3860; Spangle, Piper,
June 24, 1899; without locality, Vasey 503; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 873, 874.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

' 11. Erigeron linearis (Hook.)

Diplopappus linearis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1834.

Tyre LocaLiry: “Common on dry rocks and sandy grounds near the “‘ Priests Rapids”’
of the Columbia, and also on Lewis and Clarkes River.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 72, 1116; Elmer 477; Wenache Mountains,
Whited, June 23, 1901; Ellensburg, Piper 2741; Whited 655, 514; Elmer 372; North
Yakima, Brandegee; Watt; Yakima County, Suksdorf 350; Cleman Mountain, Henderson
i. 1892; Wenas River, Henderson in 1892; Pasco, Henderson in 1892; White Bluff Ferry,
Lake & Hull; Connell, Leckenby; Washtucna, Elmer 1039; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 817,
Piper 3844; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 255; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1111;
Colville, Watson 207; Columbus, Suksdorf; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 817; Spokane, Sand-
berg, Heller, & McDougal 915; without locality, Vasey 511; Rocky Mountains and Walla
Walla, Nuttall; Spokane, Piper 2274; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 387; Soap Lake, McKay 6;
Stehekin, Whited 1389.

_ ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

12. Erigeron aureus Greene, Pittonia 2: 169. 1891.

Aplopappus brandegei A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. '2. 12: 132. 1886, not Erigeron brandegei A.
Gray. 1884.

Type Locatity: “Mountains of Washington in the Yakima district.” Collected by
Brandegee.

Rance. Cascade Mountains, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1105, Brandegee 85, Mount Rainier, Piper
2150, 523; Allen 94, Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 782: above Lake Chelan, 7. EL.
Wilcox in 1883, North Fork of Bridge Creek, Elmer 698.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

13. Erigeron leibergii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 41. 1901
Tyre cocaLity. Mount Stuart, Washington, at 2,460 meters altitude.
Ranae. Known only from the type locality
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 810.

14. Erigeron uniflorus L Sp Pl. 2: 864 1753.
Type Locatity. ‘ Habitat in Aiprbus Lapponiae, Helvetiae ”’

568 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Rance: Alaska to Labrador south to California and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Dr. Cooper.

15. Erigeron oreganus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 2. 1883.
Type Locauity: “Oregon, along the Columbia River, under overhanging cliffs, in
Multnomah Co.,’’ Howell.
Rance: Bluffs of the Columbia River below the Cascades on both sides of the river.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 4983, 5010.

16. Erigeron philadelphicus L. Sp. PI. 2: 863. 1753.

Erigeron occidentale Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 311. 1840.

TyPE Locatity: Canada

Rance: Throughout most of Temperate North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 179; Snohomish, Kincaid, June 3, 1892;
Silverton, Bouck 109; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 469; Deming, Flett 870; Lake Con-
conully, Whited 1318; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860, Loomis, Elmer,
August, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 175.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

17. Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 175. 1841
Erigeron divaricatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 7: 311. 1840, not Michx. 1803.

Type Locauity: “In the Rocky Mountains and the plains of Oregon.” Collected by —

Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California, Nebraska, and Texas

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 72, 73, 74, Elmer 480; west Klickitat County,
Suksdorf 563; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 455, between Coulee City and Waterville,
Spillman, May, 1896; Marshall Junction, Piper 2257, Wawawai, Elmer, June, 1897; Piper,
July 8, 1898; Almota, Piper 1832.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Upper Sonoran.

18. Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 27. 1888.

Doronicum ramosum Walt., Fi. Car. 205. 1788.

Erigeron strigosus Muhl., Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1956. 1803.

TYPE Locatity: Pennsylvania.

Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia south to California, Texas, and Florida.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Steilacoom,
Piper; Fort Vancouver, Piper 3077; Wenache, Elmer 482; Waitsburg, Horner 353 and
July 27, 1896; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 697; Pullman,
Piper 1821.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

19. Erigeron eradiatus (A. Gray).
Erigeron douglasii eradiatum A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 127: 5. 1860.
Erigeron inornatus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 88. 1889.
Erigeron foliosus inornatus A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 320. 1876.

Type Locarity: “Sandy pine forest on the table-land cast of Mount Adams,” Wash-

ington. Collected by Cooper.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Cooper; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 400; Big
Klickitat River, Henderson, August 21, 1892; Blue Mountains, Horner 349.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

20. Erigeron bloomeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 40. 1865.
Type Loca.ity: “‘ Near Virginia City, Nevada.”
Rance: Washington to Nevada and California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima County, Henderson 2305; Blue Mountains, Piper 2392.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

ee ee ee ee ee ee

OE eee ee

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 569

21. Erigeron canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 863. 1753.
_ Type Looatiry: “Canada, Virginia.”

Rance: Temperate North America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Kincaid in 1892; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Leavenworth, Whited, August 6, 1896; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 14, 1892;
Loomis, Elmer 567; Prosser, Cotton 886.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

22. Erigeron acris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 863. 1753.

Type LocALity: European.

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador south to Oregon and Colorado. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goose Lake, Flett 1156; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 353; Yakima
Region, Brandegee 878; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Stevens Pass, Sandberg &
Leiberg 765; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July 26, 1892.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

22a. Erigeron acris debilis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 220. 1884.

Type Looatity: “Northern Rocky and Cascade Mountains, Montana, Canby, Sargent,
at Woodruffs Falls, * * * ; Mount Paddo, Suksdorf, Howell.”

Rance: Alaska to Labrador south to Washington and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 820; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 70, 402,
2170; Howell in 1882; Flett 1156; Henderson, August 9, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf
2170; Loomis, Elmer 591.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

ERIGERON GLABELLUS MuCRONATUS Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 19. 1834. Type locality,
“ Plentiful on leav plains of the Columbia, near the coast.” We have been unable to deter-
mine what this plant is from the brief description.

4 SERICOCARPUS.

1. Sericocarpus rigidus Lindl. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 14. 1834.
Sericocar pus oregonensis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 302. 1840.
Type Locauity: “Columbia River.’’ Collected by Scouler.
Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 154; Tacoma, Flett 164, 876; Olympia,
Henderson 1706; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, July 22, 1888; Fort Vancouver, T’olmie.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

OREASTRUM.

1. Oreastrum alpigenum (Torr. & Gr.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 147. 1896.

Aster alpigenus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 389. 1872.

Aplopappus alpigenus Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 241. 1842.

Aster pulchellus D. C. Eaton in S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 143. t. 76. 1871.

Type Locauity: Mount Rainier, Washington. Collected by Tolmie.

RanGE: Cascade Mountains, Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 143; Piper 498, 2156; Tolmie; Mount
Stuart, Llmer 1094, without locality, Brandegee 18, 20, 32; Mount Adams, Suksdorf in
1878 and 522; Flett 1091.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

EUCEPHALUS.
Rays purple or violet.

Rays white, becoming pink-tinged..............-......--...-.-.. 1. E. paueicapitatus.
Laves tomentose beneath... 62.3.0 can ones vase ccacies soee dec nc 2. F. ledophyllus.
Leaves glabrous.

Leaves glaucous, broadly lanceolate ..........-.-
Leaves green.

-.-.-... 3. EL. glaucophyllus.

570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. :

Leaves broadly lanceolate ......-----...-----.---:- 4. E. engelmanni.
Leaves ‘narrowly, lanceolate’. <<< 226. 3 5-eoec ees 5. E. serrulatus. .
1. Eucephalus paucicapitatus (Robinson) Greene, Pittonia 3: 56. 1896.
Aster paucicapitatus Robinson, Proc, Am. Acad. 29: 329. 1894.
' Aster engelmanni paucicapitatus Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 176. 1891. a
Type LocaLiry: Olympic Mountains, Washington. |
Rance: Olympic Mountains. “4
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2195; Flett 819. |
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. : }
2. Eucephalus ledophyllus (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 55. 1896.
Aster ledophyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 98. 1880.
Aster engelmanni ledophyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 388. 1872. |
Tyre Locatity: “In the Cascade Mountains.”” Collected by Lyall. :
Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the Cascade Mountains. .
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2147; Allen 284; Mount Adams, Henderson,

August 5, 1892; Suksdorf 61.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

3. Eucephalus glaucophyllus nom. nov.
Aster engelmanni glaucescens A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 1°: 200. 1886, not Aster glaucescens |
oe Wender. 1832.

Eucephalus glaucescens Greene, Pittonia 3: 56. 1896.

Type Locauity: “On Mount Paddo” [Adams], Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. ‘

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 12, 1892; Suksdorf 651; .
Howell 401; Flett 1089; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, September 1880; Falcon Valley, Suks- .
dorf 398; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 10, 1886.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

4
4. Eucephalus engelmanni (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 54. 1896. .

Aster engelmanni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 199. 1884. ;

Aster elegans engelmanni D. C. Eaton in 8S. Wats. Bot. King Explor, 144. 1871.

Type Locauity: “Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°.’ Collected by Lyall.

Rance: British Columbia to Utah and Wyoming. j

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Colville to Cascade
Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; head of Twisp River, Whited 39; Atanum River,
Henderson, August 2, 1892; Stehekin, Whited 1401; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 693;
North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 649; without locality, Vasey 526; Mount Stuart, Sandberg .
& Leiberg 559; Clealum Lake, Cotton 869, Fort Simcoe, Cotton 1562. 4

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. |
5. Eucephalus serrulatus Greene, Pittonia 3: 55. 1896. ? : a
Tyee Locauiry: Mount Adams. Collected by Suksdorf (no. 1563). :
Known only from the type collection. The plant is exceedingly close to 2. engelmanni.
ASTER.
Leaves coriaceous, serrate; involucre well imbricated. .
Involucre campanulate, glandular ..... 2.22.2... ees oe A esas 1. A. conspicuus.
Involucre broadly turbinate, not glandular .........-..-------- 2. A. radulinus. 3
Leaves membranaceous.
Involucre viscid or pruinose-glandular.
Heads less than 1 cm. broad ................-.......--.:- 3 A. campestrtd, ;

Heads over 1 cm. broad.
Leaves entire, firm; bracts rather rigid, well imbricated. 4. A. integrifolius.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 571

Leaves serrate, not firm; bracts not rigid, loose _.- -- - - - 5. A. major.
Involucre not viscid or glandular.
Heads less than 1 cm. broad.

Rays purple; involucre turbinate .........-.--------- 6. A. amethystinus.
Rays usually white; involucre campanulate.
' Herbage harshly puberulent...................... 7. A. multiflorus.
Herbage not harshly puberulent.
Involucral bracts actite 2.) 222.22 .0ee-0 3-8 8. A. oreganus.
Tnvolucral bracts obtuse... . 2221.5. 25 5.00855% 9. A. hallii.

Heads more than 1 cm. broad.
Involucral bracts closely appressed, mainly coriaceous.
Akenes glabrous.

Leaves glaucous, entire ..........-.-------- 10. A. laevis.
Leaves green, serrate, glabrous .-_...-.----- 11. A. elmeri.
Akenes pubescent; leaves puberulent, entire -.---- 12. A. jessicae.

Involucral bracts looser, largely herbaceous.
Leaves few, large, scarcely reduced upward, the
cauline with auriculate or clasping bases.
Heads solitary or few, long-peduncled; leaves

dark green, usually glabrous. - ee 13. A. foliaceus.
Heads several; stems leafy to sua tay: leaves
thin, pale, usually pubescent..........---- 14. A. cusickii.

Leaves numerous, either small, or much reduced
upward; cauline sessile, not at all auriculate.

Pubescent throughout; involucral bracts

herbaceous, lanceolate, flat......... - - . 15. A. wattir.
Glabrous or nearly so; involueral Becta: nar-

row, acute.

Involucral bracts, at least the outer ones,
foliaceous and passing into the leaves.

Leaves firm, entire, numerous - . .- - - 16. A. eatoni.
Leaves thinner, less numerous, usually
serrate near the middle ...-.... -- 17. A. douglasii.

TInvolucral bracts not at all foliaceous.
Heads corymbose.
Leaves scrrulate, those of the
inflorescence much reduced... 18. A. occidentalis.
Leaves entire, those of the inflo-
rescence not much reduced... 19. A. fremontii.
Heads solitary, naked-pedunculate... 20. A. stenomeres.

1. Aster conspicuus Lindl. Hook. FJ. Bor. Am. 2: 7. 1834.

Aster macdougalii Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 301. 1893.

TypPE Loca.ity: “Carlton House.’’ Collected by Drummond.

Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to Oregon and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 494; foothills near Wenache, Whited
6, 1290, 1294; Ophir, Elmer 529; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 692, Alma, Elmer 538; Fort
Colville, Lyall in 1860; Geyer; Spokane County, Suksdorf 927; Kamiak Butte, Piper; near
Colton, Piper, July, 1898; Blue Mountains, Piper, July and August, 1896.

ZONAL pDisTRiBuTION: Arid Transition.

2. Aster radulinus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 388. 1872.
Aster radula Less. Linnaea 6: 125. 1831, not Ait. 1789.
Type Locauity: “Tn California.’ Collected by Chamisso.
Rance: Washington to California.

572 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg, August, 1894; Watt, August, 1895;
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 395; White Salmon, Suksdorf 394; Howell; without locality, Vasey
512; Trout Lake, Flett 1074; Klickitat River, Cotton 1440.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. ‘Transition.

3. Aster campestris Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 293. 1840.

Type Locauity: ‘Along the plains of Lewis River,”’ probably in southern Idaho. Col-
lected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to Montana and northern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 68; Howell in 1882; Wilson Creek, Lake
& Hull 815, 816; Sprague, Lake & Hull, August, 1895, July 9, 1892; Lake Chelan, Lake &
Hull 720; Spokane Falls, Watson 195; Spokane County, Suksdorf 928; Spalding; with-
out locality, Brandegee; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson; Waitsburg, Horner 550, 553.

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

3a. Aster campestris suksdorfii subsp. nov.

Differs from true A. campestris in being canescent all over with short hairs that are not
at all appressed.

Type specimen in the Gray Herbarium. ee on Little Klickitat River, October 5,
1882, by Suksdorf.

4. Aster integrifolius Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 291. 1840. .
Tyre Locauity: “ Near the summit of Thornberg’s Pass.’’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to California, Colorado and Montana.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 364.

5. Aster major (Hook.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 325. 1894.

Aster unalaschensis major Hook. F1. Bor. Am. 2: 7. 1834.

Aster modestus Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 8. 1834.

Aster sayianus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 294. 1840.

Type Locatity: ‘Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains,” or as given by Lindley,
“Mountain woods at the mouth of Smoking River, Lat. 56° N.” Collected by Drummond.

Rance. British Columbia and Oregon eastward to Ontario.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Nisqually Val-
ley, Allen 125a, Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 64; Skokomish River, Piper 2189; plains of
Columbia, Nuttall; Beaver Creek, Whited 29; Minastash Canyon, Whited, August 29, 1897;
Yakima region, Brandegee 858; Stevens Pass, Whited 1466; Loomis, Elmer 568; Railroad
Creek, Elmer 700; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 703; Wind River, Flett 1088;
Clealum Creek, Cotton 840.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

6. Aster amethystinus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 294. 1840.

Tyre Locatity: Salem and Cambridge, Massachusetts.

RANGE: Massachusetts to lowa; eastern Oregon and eastern Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Okanogan River, Watson 191; Waitsburg, Horner 559; Wawa-
wai, Piper 1602.

ZONAL pistRiBUTION; Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

7. Aster multiflorus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 203. 1779.

Tyee Locatity: ‘North America.”

Rance: British Columbia to Canada, south to Arizona and Georgia

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited
853, 591; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Loomis, Elmer 615, Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 799;
Spokane County, Suksdorf 930, Spokane, Sandberg, Heller & McDougal 917; Sprague, Lake
& Hull August 4, 1892, without locality, Lake & Hull 798, without locality, Vasey;
without locality, Brandegee 34, without locality, Cooper in 1853, Waitsburg, Horner 23,
Toppenish, Cotton 774.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

+ bow Ghee Uae bl tthe i «lie belt

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 5738

8. Aster oreganus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 163. 1841.

Tripolium oreganum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 296. 1840.

Type Locaity: “On the inundated banks of the Wahlamet,’’ Oregon. Collected by
Nuttall.
~ Ranee: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 63, 647, 396; Loomis, Elmer 614; Spo-
kane, Piper 2377; without locality, Vasey 521; Kittitas County: Cotton in 1904.

ZONAL bDistTrRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

9. Aster hallii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 191. 1884.
Type Locatity: Oregon. Collected by Hall.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima region, Brandegee 860.

=

10. Aster laevis geyeri A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 183. 1884.

Aster brevibracteatus Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 393. 1900.

Tyre Locatity: “Meadows, Spokane and Columbia River valleys.” Collected by
Geyer, no. 638.

Rance: Washington to Montana and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane County, Sukedorf 929;
Spokane, Piper 2380, Elmer 868; Palouse, Piper 1783; Waitsburg, Horner 548; without
locality, Vasey.

11. Aster elmeri Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 645. 1902.
Tyre Locaity: “Sinlahekin Basin near Loomis, Okanogan County, Wash.” Collected
by Elmer. Not otherwise known.

12. Aster jessicae Piper, Erythea 6: 30. 1898.

Aster latahensis Henderson, Contr. Nat. Herb. 5: 201. 1899.

Aster mollis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 22. 1901.

Tyre Locatity: Pullman, Washington.

Rance: Washington, Idaho, Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, August, 1898, 1604, 2663, May, 1898; Union
Flat, Piper in 1900.

‘ZONAL pistriBuTION: Arid Transition.

13. Aster foliaceus Lindl.; DC. Prod. 5: 228. 1836.

Type Locauity: “In Unalaschka ”

Rance; Alaska to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt; Klickitat, River, Henderson, August 13,
1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 67; without locality, Vasey 523.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

13a. Aster foliaceus frondeus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1?: 193. 1884.

Aster foliaceus burkei A. Gray, loc. cit.

Aster amplissimus Greene, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1895: 550. 1895.

TYPE LocaLity: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°. Collected by Lyall.

RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon, Utah and Colorado

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Piper 2197; Flett 811, Lake Cushman, Henderson 2041;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1201; Mount Adams Henderson in 1882; Suksdorf 66, 642, August 12,
1885; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 283;
Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 694; Blue Mountains, Piper in 1896; Loomis, Elmer 581; without
locality, Brandegee 856; Parson Creek, Gorman 828; Klickitat River, Cotton 1430.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

13b. Aster foliaceus apricus A. Gray, Syn FI. 12: 193. 1884.
Tyee Looauity: “High mountains of Colorado at Union Pass.”
Rance: Washington to Colorado.

574 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith, August 11, 1889; Piper 1071; Mount
Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Suksdorf 65; Yakima region, Brandegee 115, 852.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

14. Aster cusickii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 99. 1881.
Tyee Locauity: “In the mountains of Union Co.” Oregon. Collected by Cusick.
Rance: Oregon and Washington in the Blue Mountains.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 363; Klickitat River, Cotton 1425, 1483.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.
The Cotton specimens are quite glabrous and perhaps a distinct species.

15. Aster wattii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 645. 1902.
Type Locaity: “Near North Yakima, Wash.”’ Collected by Prof. G. H. Watt; not
otherwise known.

16. Aster eatoni (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 310. 1900.

Aster foliaceus eatoni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 194. 1884.

Type Loca.ity: ‘West Humboldt Mountains to the Wahsatch; 6-8000 feet elevation,”
Nevada. .

Rance: Washington to Utah and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 21, 199; Salmon River, /Zorner 361; Peshastin,
Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Silver Lake, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Walla Walla,

Piper, August 13, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 547, 359; Toppenish, Cotton 776; Squaw Creek,.

Cotton 873.
ZONAL bistRiBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

17. Aster douglasii Lind] ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 11. 1834.

Type Locaitry: “Common on the N. W. coast, near the confluence of the Columbia, in
open undulating grounds.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Fort Canby, Savage 27;
Chelan, Elmer 849; Spokane, Elmer 866, 864; Piper 3801, 3802; Kreager 628; west Klickitat
County, Suksdorf 191, 341, 342, 343, 344, 346; Peshastin, Brandegee 863.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

18. Aster occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 164. 1841.

Tripolium occidentale Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7:296. 1840.

Type Loca.iry: ‘‘By the margins of muddy ponds in the Rocky Mountains, 7,000 feet
above the level of the sea.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited.

18a. Aster occidentalis intermedius A. Gray, Syn. FI. 17: 192. 1884.

Type Locatity: Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected a Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 803, 807; Wind River, Flett 1070;
Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 62; Klickitat, Howell 329, 557,
west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 345; Yakima region, Brandegee 861; North Yakima, Piper
1782; Ellensburg, Whited 580, 529; Conconully, Whited 1319; Waitsburg, Horner 560, 551,
556; Almota, Piper 2731, 2373; without locality, Vasey 527; Clealum Lake, Cotton 864.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition

19. Aster fremonti (Torr. & Gr.) A. Gray, Syn. FI 1?: 191. 1884.
Aster adscendens fremonti Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 503. 1843.
Type Locatity: None given.
Rance: British Columbia and Montana to California and Colorado.

ye Se ae ree ee ee ee

—

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 575

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg,
July, 1893; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 640, 648, 649; Skamania County, Suksdorf
2169; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 339, 643; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 340, 397; Yakima region,
Brandegee 857; without locality, Cusick 1821; without locality, Brandegee 854, 855, 859;
Spokane County, Ramm, July, 1893; Bingen, Suksdorf 2247; Spokane, Piper 2379; Pull-
man, Piper 1605; Waitsburg, Horner, August, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

20. Aster stenomeres A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 209. 1882.
Tonactis stenomeres Greene, Pittonia 3: 246. 1897.
Type toca.ity: ‘Rocky Mountains of Montana and Idaho, Burke, Watson.”
Rance: Washington to Montana.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Kreager 280.

ASTER PEREGRINUS Pursh. This is included in Gorman’s list of the plants of the
Washington Forest Reserve. An examination of the specimen in the National Herbarium
shows the collection to be a mixture of Erigeron salsuginosus and Aster foliaceus.

ASTER ADSCENDENS Lindl. is included in Suksdorf’s list, but we question the identity of
the specimens.

MACHAERANTHERA.

1. Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia 3: 59. 1896.
Aster canescens Pursh, Fl. 2: 547. 1814.
Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Missouri.”’
Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and Texas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 608; Spokane, Piper, September, 1896.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

la. Machaeranthera canescens viscosa (Nutt.).

Dieteria viscosa Nutt. Trans. Am Phil. Soc. 7: 301. 1840.

Aster canescens viscosus A. Gray, Syn. F]. 1': 206. 1884.

Type Loca.ity: “Near Scott’s Bluff, on the Platte.’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, October 5, 1892;
Wenache, Whited 1331; Ellensburg, Whited 854; Rattlesnake Mountain, Cotton 478;
Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Lake Chelan, Lake. &@ Hull, August 16, 1892; near
mouth of Okanogan, Watson 197; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 691; Colville, Lyall in 1860;
Spokane, Sandberg, Heller, & McDougal 912; Waitsburg, Horner 555; Wawawai, Piper
1606; Almota, Piper, September, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

MADIA. Tarween.

Heads small, long-peduncled; disk-flower one .......-...-.-.--------- 1. M. exigua.
Heads larger, sessile or short-peduncled; disk-flowers several.
Leaves all or mostly alternate; ligules small.
Rays 5 to 12; involucres campanulate.

Akenes of the rays broad; herbage lemon-scented ...-...- - 2. M. citriodora.
Akenes of the rays compressed; herbage heavy-scented.
Heads densely congested .-.........-.......-.---.. 4 M. sativa.
Heads loosely racemose -.....--.-- a iiss Wik oe pila 3. M. racemosa.

Rays 1 to 5, sometimes none; involucre laterally compressed ;
heads densely glomerate.

Stems glandular to the base; glomerules loosely cymose ... 5. M. ramosa.
Stems glandular above; glomerules racemose .........--- 6. M. glomerata.
Leaves all or mostly opposite; ligules large .........-.-.--------- 7. M. madioides.

576 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Madia exigua (Smith) Greene, Erythea 1: 90. 1893.
Sclerocarpus exiguus Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 31: n. 3. 1816.
Harpaecarpus exiguus A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 101. 1859.
Madia filines A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 1874.
Harpaecarpus madarioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 7: 389. 1840.
Type Locauity: “On the west coast of North America.” Collected by Menzies.
Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 735; Smith 1069;

Tacoma, Flett 140; Olympia, Heller 4045; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2139; Clealum,
Henderson, June 11, 1892; Wenache, Whited, June, 1895 and 1132; junction Crab and Wil-
son creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 272; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Pullman, Piper 1573;
Lake & Hull, June 23, 1894; Waitsburg, Horner 172.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Transition.

la. Madia exigua macrocephala (Suksdorf).
Madia filipes macrocephala Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 97. 1900.
Harpaecarpus exiguus macrocephalus Suksdorf, loc. cit. ;
Tyre Locatiry: Bingen, Klickitat County, Wash.
Rance: Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 18, 1892.

2. Madia citriodora Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 9: 63. 1882.

Hemizonia citriodora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 307. 1884.

Type Locauity: Yreka, California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 370; Waitsburg, Horner 152,
Bingen, Sheldon 10255; Wallula, Cotton 1071.

ZONAL bisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Madia racemosa (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 405. 1843.

Madorella racemosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 387. 1841.

Madia sativa racemosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 189. 1874.

Madorella dissitiflora Nutt. loc. cit. ;

Madia dissitiflora Torr. & Gr. loc. cit.

Madia sativa dissitiflora A. Gray, loc. cit.

Tyre Locauity: “On the banks of the Oregon, near the estuary of the Wablamet.”
Collected by Nuttall.

RancGeE: British Columbia and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper; Roslyn, Whited 470; Yakima region, Bran-
degee 897; Seattle, Piper 513; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2137, 2142; Vancouver,
Douglas; Satsop, Heller 4029; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg; Wenache, Whited 53;
Ellensburg, Whited 684; Elmer 367; Clealum, Henderson; McAlisters Lake, Henderson;
North Yakima, Henderson; Leavenworth, Whited 238; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 537;
Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 415; Pullman, Piper 1575, 3103; Elmer 902; Blue Moun-
tains, Piper 2450; Wawawai, Piper 3061; Clarks Springs, Kreager 102; Tieton, Cotton 489;
without locality, Vasey 545; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 721.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

4. Madia sativa capitata (Nutt.).

Madia capitata Nutt. Trans. Am Phil. Soc. 7: 386. 1841.

Madia sativa congesta Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 404 1843.

Type Loca.ity: “In the plains of the Oregon towards the sea, particularly on Wappatoo
Island.’”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance. Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 169; Seattle, Suksdorf 978.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

we

PIPER-—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, Dee

5. Madia ramosa Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 222. 1902.
Tyre Locauity: ‘“ Blue Mts., Walla Walla County, Wash.”
Rance: Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Piper 2451.

6. Madia glomerata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 24. 1834.

Amida gracilis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 390. 1841.

Amida hirsuta Nutt. loc. cit.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Plains of the Saskatchewan.” Collected by Drummond.

Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to Galifornia and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1098;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 805, 587; Yakima region, Brandegee 896; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 414; Ellensburg, Whited 701; Pullman, Piper 1574; Waitsburg, Horner 172.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Madia madioides (Nutt.).
Anisocar pus madwides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 388. 1841.
Madia nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 391. 1872.
Type Looa.ity: ‘Among rocks, in shady forests, at the mouth of the Wahlamet,”’
Oregon Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: British Columbia to middle California in the coast region.
. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 977; Seattle,
Piper 734, Tacoma, Flett 145; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

_ HEMIZONELLA.

1. Hemizonella durandi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 189. 1874.

Hemizonia durand: A. Gray, Proc Am. Acad. 6: 549. 1865.

Tyre LocaLity Nevada County. California.

Rance: Washington to California in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Tacoma. Flett 186; Steilacoom, Piper 373; Falcon Valley, Suks-
dorf 415, Mount Constitution, Henderson 2296; Easton, Henderson 2297.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

HEMIZONTIA.

1. Hemizonia pungens (Hook & Arn.) Torr. & Gr. FI. 2: 399. 1843.

Hartmannia pungens Hook & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 357. 1840.

Type Locatity. California

Rance: California Introduced in Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Tacoma, [lett 158, Frenchtown, Nalder, August 22, 1898;
Walla Walla, Blandford, November 9, 1901. The species is doubtless introduced from
California,

LAGOPHYLLA.

1. Lagophylla ramosissima Nutt Trans Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 390. 1841.

Tyre vocatity: “In the prairies near Walla Walla ’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance. Washington and Idaho to California

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. North Yakima. Henderson. May 25, 1892, White Salmon, Suks-
dorf 416, Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Levberg 253, Pullman, Piper 1576, Lake &
Aull 746, Almota, Lake & Hull 746

ZONAL DisTRIBUTION. Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran,

29418—06 M——37

578 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

BLEPHARIPAPPUS.

1. Blepharipappus glandulosus Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 316. 1833.
Layia glandulosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 358. 1840.
Type cocauity: ‘On the plains of the Columbia in sandy soils.”’ Collected by Douglas.
Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. .
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg; Henderson in 1891; Rockland,
Suksdorf 284; Pasco, Piper 2955; Hindshaw 21; Sunnyside, Cotton 350; junction Crab and
Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 299; Wallula, Cotton 1038.
ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

BLEPHARIPAPPUS OREGANUS Greene, Pitttonia 2; 247. 1892. Layia douglasii Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 358. 1841, not Cadlliglossa douglassi Hook. & Arn. op. cit. 356.
Type locality: “On the gravelly islands of the Columbia between the Narrows and the
Great Falls.” Collected by Douglas. Not since found. We incline to the view of Dr.
Gray, that this is merely an aberrant form of B. glandulosus Hook. with stouter and nearly
naked pappus bristles. In other characters it can not be distinguished.

PTILONELLA.

1. Ptilonella scabra (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 386. 1841.

Blepharipappus scaber Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. Y: 316. 1833.

Tyre Loca.ity: ‘Sandy plains of the Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 119, Spokane, Wilkes Expedi-
tion; Spangle, Piper 2876; Tukanon River, Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 723.

ZONAL bDisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

BIDENS. Beaaar Ticks.

Plant aquatic; submerged leaves capillary ............-.-.------------- 3. B. beckii.
Plants terrestrial.
Rays none; leaves pinnately 3 to 5-divided.......-.....-.-.------- 1. B. vulgata.
Rays conspicuous; leaves lanceolate, serrate. ........-..--.--------- 2. B. cernua.

1. Bidens vulgata Greene, Pittonia 4: 72. 1899.

Type Locauity: None given.

Rance: Washington to New York south to California and Virginia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1591, 412; North Yakima,
Watt, August, 1895; Loomiston, Elmer 611; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892;
Spokane, Henderson, July 10, 1892; Wawawai, Piper 1863, Chewelah, Kreager 527; with- ~
out locality, Brandegee 895

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

2. Bidens cernua L. Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753.

Bidens cernua elliptica Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 417. 1899.

Bidens lonchophylla Greene, Pittonia 4: 258. 1901.

Bidens macounii Greene, loc. cit.

Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat in Europa ad fontes & fossas.”

Rance: British Columbia to Labrador south to California and North Carolina. Europe.
Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 148; Ilwaco, Henderson, September 7, 1892;
Tacoma, Flett 157. Ellensburg, Whited 592; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Spokane,
Piper; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1592; Sumas, Lyall; Spangle, Suksdorf 932; Waitsburg,
Horner 22, 333; Newport, Piper 4210; Kittitas County, Cotton 1763.

ee. ee ee ee

—

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 579

Prof, E. L. Greene considers that the American plants generally referred to Bidens
cernua represent not Jess than 13 species. The distinctions relied upon seem very slight.
The western Washington specimens apparently are all referable to B. macounii, while most
of the eastern Washington plants belong to B. lonchophylla.

One of these Washington forms was mistaken for Bidens chrysanthemoides by Hooker,
Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 314. 1834.

38. Bidens beckii Torr.; Spreng. Neu. Entd. 2: 135. 1821.
Megalodonta remota Greene, Pittonia 4: 272. 1901.
Type Locatity: Near Schenectady, New York.
Rance: Washington, Manitoba, and Quebec to Missouri and New Jersey.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1890; Davis Lake, Kreager 442.

Bwens penrata (Nutt.) Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 412.1899. Bidens quadriaristata
dentata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 368. 1841. Bidens cernua elata Torr. & Gr. FI.
2: 352. 1842. Type locality: “‘Wappatoo Island, at the outlet of the Wahlamet, Oregon.”
There is much doubt about the identity of this plant, which may perhaps be cleared up by
collecting new material at the type locality.

COREOPSIS.

1. Coreopsis atkinsoniana Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1376. 1830.

Calliopsis atkinsoniana Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 311. 1833.

Type Loca.ity: ‘Mewries [Menzies?] Island, in the river Columbia.’’ Collected by
Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Vancouver, 7'olmie; Douglas; Wenache, Whited 1150; Cas-
cades to Colville, Lyall in 1860; mouth of Chelan River, Watson 217; Old Fort Colville,
Watson; Chelan Falls, Lake & Hull 748; Loomis, Elmer 601; head of Grand Coulee, McKay,
25; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; without locality, Vasey 551; Lake Kalispel, Kreager
315.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

RUDBECKIA. ConrE FLOWER.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, hispid or hirsute.......-.-.-.-.-.--------- 1. R. hirta,
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate.
Glabrous or nearly so, somewhat glaucous; leaves entire or dentate. 2. 2. occidentalis.
Pubescent; leaves mostly 3 to 5-parted toward the base .....--- - 3. FR. alpicola.

1. Rudbeckia hirta L. Sp. Pl. 2: 907. 1753.

Type Loca.ity: “In Virginia, Canada.”

Ranae: Saskatchewan and Canada to Colorado, Texas, and Florida. Introduced in
Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 151; Tacoma, Flett 122; Snoqualmie,
Miss Parker, July, 1892.

Introduced from the eastern States.

2. Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 355. 1840.

Type Locaity: “ Rocky Mountains and woods of the Oregon, particularly in the Blue
Mountain range.’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance. Washington to Montana and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Spokane County, Suks-
dorf 356; Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Piper, July 20, 1896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

580 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Rudbeckia alpicola Piper, Erythea 7: 173. 1899.

Type Locauity: Mount Stuart, Washington. Collected by Elmer.

Rance: Cascade Mountains, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1171; Sandberg & Leiberg 578; Wenache
Mountains, Whited 1417.

east acetal ee vi ei ee ee

BALSAMORHIZA.

Ligules persisting: akenes canescent ........-.....---.--..2-.-20-- 1. B. careyana.
Ligules deciduous: akenes glabrous.
Leaves entire or merely dentate.

—— se

Herbage silvery-canescent: involucre woolly... .......-...-- 2. B. sagittata.

Herbage green: involucre not woolly ...........-.-.-.---- 3. B. deltoidea.
Leaves pinnately cleft, parted, or divided. 4

Herbage canescent; involucre puberulent to lanate........ . 4. B. balsamorhiza.

Herbage green.
Leaves deltoid, usually laciniate, but varying to coarsely ,
dentate or rarely entire; involucre more or less woolly. 5. B. terebinthacea.
Leaves parted into numerous segments, hirsute; involucre
Hsrente; TOPOly WOOUY 6 eres cots ne cas cane eee ed 6. B. hirsuta,

1. Balsamorhiza careyana A. Gray, PI. Fenal. 81. 1849. :
Tyre Locauity: Idaho. “Sandy plains, Clear Water, on the Kooskooskie.” Collected
‘by Spalding.
Rance: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and perhaps adjacent Idaho. :
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 166; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg,
June, 1893; Ephrata to Ritzville, Griffiths & Cotton 483; Prosser to Rattlesnake Mountains,
Griffiths & Cotton 10; Wallula, Cotton 1052; Delight, Cotton 1004; Washtucna, Cotton 976; —
Prosser, Cotton 1084, 1105; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 891.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

This species has not since been found near Lapwai, Spalding’s “Clearwater” locality.
It is, however, abundant on the lower parts of Snake River and the type may have there
been gathered, as some of Spalding’s specimens were collected ‘60 miles west of Clear-
water.”

2. Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 350. 1840.

Buphthalmum sagittatum Pursh, FI]. 2: 564. 1814.

Espeletia sagittata Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 38. 1834.

Espeletia helianthoides Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 39. 1834.

Balsamorhiza helianthoides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 351. 1840.

Tyre Locauity: “On dry barren hills in the Rocky Mountains.’”’ Collected by Lewis.
The exact place is Lewis and Clark Pass, Montana.

RanGE: British Columbia and Montana to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane County, Suksdorf 366; Sand-
berg & Leiberg 23; Spokane, Henderson, May 3, 1892; Flathead River, Wyeth; Pullman,
Elmer 828, Piper 1594; without locality, Vasey 496; Rock Creek, Cotton 961; Wenache
Mountains, Piper 2668, apparently a hybrid between deltoidea and sagittata, with which
it occurred.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

ee ee a ee ee

3. Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7:°351. 1840.
Type Locatity: “Outlet of the Wahlamet, in wet open places,’’ Oregon. Collected —
by Nuttall. j
Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. 5
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island near Coupeville, Gardner 180; Lake Park, Piper, —
July 27, 1895, Tacoma, Flett 43; Vancouver, Piper 4945; Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition; —

;

: PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 581

Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Leckenby, April 22, 1896; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 573;
without locality, Vasey in 1889; Umtanum Creek, Cotton 1140.

The typical plant occurs only west of the Cascade Mountains, and has broad, deeply
cordate, usually crenate-dentate leaves, while in the Eastern Washington plant the leaves
are longer and narrow, entire or nearly so, and but little cordate. Perhaps two species
may be involved.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

4. Balsamorhiza balsomorhiza (Hook.) Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. 7. 1898.

Heliopsis? balsamorhiza Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 310. 1833.

Balsamorhiza hookeri Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 349. 1840.

Type Locaity: ‘Common on the gravelly banks of the Columbia near Fort Vancouver.”
Collected by Douglas. :

Rance: Washington to Utah and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 357, 358; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 359;

‘Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 568; Mill Plain near Vancouver,

Howell, June 4, 1880.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

5. Balsamorhiza terebinthacea (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 349. 1840.

Heliopsis terebinthacea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am 1: 310. 1833.

Tyre Locauity: “Common at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia and in the grounds of
the interior.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 869, 363, 135; Rock Island, Sandberg &
Leiberq 460; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 360, 362, 361; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897;
60 miles west of Clearwater Spalding.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

6. Balsamorhiza hirsuta Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 349. 1840.

Tyre Loca.ity: “ Dry plains east of Walla Walla, near the Blue Mountains, and in the
Grande Ronde prairie.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Ranace: British Columbia to Utah and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Wenache Mountains, Elmer 476; Whited 13544; Wenache, Whited
6, 1354; Ellensburg, Piper 2718, May 20, 1897, Cleman Mountain, //enderson, June 14,
1892; Coulee City Piper 3853; Waterville, Whited 1219; ‘Wallah Wallah,” Nuttall?; without
locality Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1193; Spipen [Naches] River, Wilkes
Expedition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

WYETHIA.

Leaves lance-oblong, glabrous, Garieholl © yn xen Sey eee 1. W. amplexicaulis.
Leaves lanceolate, sparsely hirsute . +...........-.-.----------:-- 2. W. angustifolia.

1. Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 352. 1840.

Espeletia amplexicaulis Nutt. Journ. Acad Phila 7: 38. 1834.

Type vocauiry: “ About Flat-head River.’' Collected by Wyeth.

Rance: British Columbia and Montana to Nevada and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall; White Salmon,
Suksdorf; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 532; Pullman, Lake & Hull 750; Piper 1595;
without locality, Vasey 497, Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 113. ;

ZONAL DisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 352. 1840.

Hehanthus longifolus Hook. F\. Bor. Am. 1: 312. 1834, not Pursh, 1814.
Alarconia angustifolia DC. Prod. 5: 537. 1836.

582 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Helianthus hookerianus DC. Prod. 5: 590, 1836.

Wyethia robusta Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 352. 1840. ay
Tyre vocauiry: “In California.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 129.

ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

HELIANTHELLA.

1. Helianthella douglasii Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 334. 1842.

Tyre Locaurry: “Common on the subalpine ranges of the Blue Mountains.”” Collected
by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 663; Wenache, Whited 154, 1138; Yakima
Region, Brandegee 894; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 486; without locality, Vasey 502;
Spokane County, Suksdorf 367; Pullman, Piper 1598; Lake & Hull 751; Moxee, Griffiths &
Cotton 30.

ZONAL pistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

HeLIANTHELLA UNIFLORA Torr. & Gr. is not known definitely from Washington, but
specimens of //. douglasii have sometimes been mistaken for it.

HELIANTHUS. SunNFr.Lower.

ARGRL: ik HOWCN GBT eta sae races s das ears boc he isis seieac cated 1. H. annuus.
Perennial: disk flowers vellow; involucral bracts ciliate. ................. 2. H. cusickit.

1. Helianthus annuus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 904. 1753.

Helianthus lenticularis Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1265. 1829.

Tyre Locauity: “In Peru, Mexico.”

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan south to Texas and California. Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1088; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 462;
Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; without locality, Vasey 499; Fresh Lake, McKay 14;
Wawawai, Piper 1597; Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894; Marcus, Kreager 462.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Helianthus cusickii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 413. 1886.

Type Locauity: Malheur River, Oregon. Collected by Cusick.

Rance: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 368, Columbia River, Howell; Tampico,
Flett 1182; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 378; North Yakima, Brandegee; Henderson in 1892;
Steinweg; Watt in 1895; Yakima, Piper 1825; Leckenby.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

Heviantuus NuTratui Torr. & Gr. in Suksdorf’s list is based on specimens that are
really H. cusickii.
JAUMEA.

1. Jaumea carnosa (Less.) A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped 360. 1874.
Coinogyne carnosa Less. Linnaea 6: 521. 1831.
Tyre Loca.ity: California.
RanGE: Seacoas:s, Washington to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Henderson; Whidby Island, Gardner
425, 152; Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896; Tacoma, Flett 102, Union City, Paper in 1890.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 583

ERIOPHYLLUM.

RM ANNA Fok pee aoa Nee line eeyen onesie samen 1. E. multiflorum.
A UOOIE 3 5 co 2 oy a ee Po noha De co esos eee Sent Sees 2. HE. lanatum.

1. Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 422. 1900.
- Trichophyllum multiflorum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. '7: 35. 1834.

Bahia gracillis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 353. 1840.

Eriophyllum gracile A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883.

Type Locauity: ‘In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains towards the sources of the
Missouri.’”’ Collected by Wyeth.

Ranas: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 905; North Yakima, Watt in 1895;
Mrs. Steinweg; Henderson 2292; Yakima Region, Brandegee 904; Ellensburg, Piper;
Whited 493; Thorp, Whited 633; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 405; White Bluffs, Suks-
dorf 372; Coulee City, Piper 3857; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 183; Lake Chelan, Lake
& Hull 802; Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull; without locality, Vasey 492,493; Spokane, Piper;
Snake country, Tolmie.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes, Hort. Woburn. 183. 1838.

Actinella lanata Pursh, Fl. 2: 560. 1814.

Eriophyllum caespitosum Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: t. 1167. 1828.

Type Locauity: ‘On the highlands of the Kooskoosky.”’ Collected by Lewis, the
exact spot opposite Kamiah, Idaho.

Rance: British Columbia and Montana to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper 515; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2193;
Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Bellingham
Bay, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Fairhaven, Piper 2802; Salmon River, Horner 340; Roslyn,
Whited 410; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 10, 1897; Wawawai, Piper, June 9, 1894; Lake &
Hull 801; Vancouver, Piper 4932.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

HULSEA.

1. Hulsea nana A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 6: 76. 1855.

Type Locauity: ‘‘Crater Pass, Cascade Mountains, 44° 10’,” Oregon. Collected by New-
berry.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2153; Allen 227; Mount Adams, Hender-
son, August 10, 1892; Flett 1075; Suksdorf in 1878.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

RIGIOPAPPUS.

1. Rigiopappus leptocladus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 548. 1865.

Type Locaity: “ Dalles of the Columbia River.’ Collected by Lyall.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Wenache, Whited 1128; foothills
Blue Mountains, Horner 142; Wawawai, Elmer 768; Piper 1780.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition.

CHAENACTIS.

PORGS COLVIN U00G 52. fon ocancecas hoses os ce eks ties et ig PLR ait eens 1. C. douglasii.
RIsnreOhLary. SIOINe QWAM co. s.5.04 os sap cane s&s teers tebe be axe deen 2. C. nevadensis.

1. Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 354. 1840.
Hymenopappus douglasii Hook, Fl, Bor. Am. 1: 316, 1833.

584 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type Locauity: “In the barren grounds of the Columbia from the Great Falls to the
Rocky Mountains.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Leckenby, May 10, 1898;
Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; Wenache, Whited 167, 1126; Snipes Mountain, Cotton
497; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 295; Soap Lake, McKay 10; Spokane,
Piper, July 2, 1896; Geyer 142; Henderson, July 9, 1892; Wawawai, Elmer 897; Lake &
Hull 800; Blue Mountains, Horner 347; Clarks Springs, Kreager 92; Marcus, Kreager 457.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran,

2. Chaenactis nevadensis (Kellogg) A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 391. 1876.
Hymenopappus nevadensis Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5: 46. 1873.
Tyre Locatity: None given, but presumably the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California.
Rance: Washington to Nevada,
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Mount Stuart, Brandegee 906.

GAILLARDIA.

1. Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Fl. 2: 573. 1814.

Tyre Locauity: “ Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Lewis in Lewis and Clark Pass,
Montana.

Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Vancouver, Tolenie; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 438;
Parker, Cotton 434; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 979, 191; North Yakima, Wait,
August, 1895; Henderson, May 29, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1117, June and July, 1896;
Pasco, Hindshaw 12, between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Loon Lake,
Winston, July 20, 1897; Old Fort Colville, Watson 224; Spokane, Watson 223; Pullman,
Piper 1599; Illia, Lake & Hull 729; without locality, Vasey 501; Clarks Springs, nr
Lake Kalispel, Kreager 326.

ZoNAL pistriBuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

HYMENOPAPPUS.

1. Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 317. 1833.

Type Locauity: “On the undulating arid grounds of the Columbia, near the Walla-
wallah and on the banks of the Spokan and Flathead rivers.”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 373; Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg
375; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 903; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1366.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

HELENIUM.

1. Helenium autumnale grandiflorum (Nutt.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 349. 1884.

Helenium grandiflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 384. 1840.

Type vocauity: ‘ Banks of the Oregon and Wahlamet.’’ Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 194; Centralia, Piper, Septem-
ber, 1895; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-9; Cascades to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Wawawai,
Piper, October, 1895; Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

ACHILLEA.

1. Achillea millefolium lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 196.1901. YARRow.
Achillea lanulosa Nutt. Journ. Acad Phila. 7. 36. 1834.
% Achillea millefolium occidentale DC. Prod. 6: 24. 1837.
Type LooALiry: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Wyeth.

eS ——— a eT

ee a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 585

Rance: British Columbia to Manitoba south to Mexico.

“SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Crescent, Lawrence 266; Everett, Piper 4986; Mount
Adams, Suksdorf 1606; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Smith; Allen; Tolmie; Crab
and- Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 286; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Kamiak
Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 804; Spokane, Kreager 7..

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian.

The form of this species which grows near the seacoast is much greener and may perhaps
better be referred to typical A. millefolium'L. Alpine forms are much reduced in stature, but
we believe that none of the Washington specimens can properly be referred to A. borealis
- Bong.

ANTHEMIS.

Rays yellow; leaves somewhat tomentose ..........------------------- 1. A. tinctoria.
Rays white. :
Leaves glabrous, ill-scented; rays neutral ......-.-.-.------------- 2. A. cotula.
Leaves pubescent, not ill-scented; rays fertile ...........-----.----- 3. A. arvensis.

1. Anthemis tinctoria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 896. 1753.
Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Sueciae, Germaniae apricis pratis siccis.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Park, Pierce County, Piper.

2. Anthemis cotula L. Sp. Pl. 2: 894. 1753.
Maruta cotula DC. Prod. 6: 13. 1837. MAYWEED.
Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Europae ruderatis praecipue in Ucrania.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July 29, 1899.

3. Anthemis arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 894. 1753.

Type Locatity: “ Habitat in Europae praesertim Surcrae agris.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson 2293; West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 139;
Fort Canby, Savage August 13, 1898.

CHRYSANTHEMUM.
Heads solitary, large; leaves pinnatifid..................------.-- 1. C. leucanthemum.
Heads corymbed, smaller; leaves bipinnatifid ............---------- 2. O. parthenium.

1. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum subpinnatifidum Fernald, Rhodora 5: 181. 1903.

OXEYE DAISY.

The oxeye daisy is a common weed in a few localities in western Washington. Accord-
ing to Hooker it was collected by Douglas at Fort Vancouver as early as 1825.

2. Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Pers. Syn. 2: 462. 1807. FEVERFEW.
Matricaria parthenium L. Sp. Pl. 2: 890. 1753.
TYPE LocaLity: European. .
This has been collected as a garden escape at Waitsburg by Horner, and it is reported from
west Klickitat County by Suksdorf.

MATRICARIA.

1. Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 341. 1894.

Artemisia matricarioides Less. Linnaea 6: 210. 1831.

Matricaria discoidea DC. Prod. 6: 50. 1837.

Type Locauity: Unalaschka.

Rance: Alaska to California and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1892; Silverton, Bouck 112a; Pullman, Piper
1588; Big Meadows, Kreager 4382.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA L., the garden chamomile, is reported from Klickitat County
as an escape by Suksdorf.

586 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

COTULA.

1. Cotula coronopifolia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 892. 1753.

Type cocauiry: ‘‘ In Aethiopia.”

RANGE: Washin tion to California, introduced from South Africa.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lan) 1223; Port Anzeles, Piper, September 1, 1895;
Gran! in 1889; Tacoma, Flett 127; Charleston, Piper, July 21, 1895; Southbend, Spillman.

This plant has been abundan: in brackish marshes along the seacoast of Washington for
twenty years or more, and gives one the impression of being native.

TANACETUM.

1. Tanacetum huronense Nutt. Gen. 2: 141. 1818.

Tanacetum douglasii DC. Prod. 6: 128. 1837.

Type vocauiry: ‘* Lake Huron near Michilimackinack.”’

Rance: Washington and Oregon on the seacoast, the Great. Lakes, Maine and New
Brunswick.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Lamb 1217; without locality, Cooper; Ilwaco,
Piper.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

TanacetumM vuuGare L., the garden tansy, is found occasionally as an escape from

gardens.

ARTEMISIA. Sacesrusu. Wormwoon.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent.
Disk flowers perfect but sterile; marginal flowers ces

Leaves linear, mostly entire, glabrous................. 1. A. dracunculoides.
Leaves pinnately or bipinnately divided into narrow
lobes.
Heads very numerous, small, greenish... ......-.- 2. A. canadensis.
Heads rather few, large, brownish; alpine ....... - 3. A. borealis.
Disk flowers perfect, fertile; marginal flowers pistillate. :

Receptacle pilose.
Leaves silvery pubescent, the short segments: fili-

FOUN nek ors Saute aa a ee ele ae ee ae 4. A. frigida.
Leaves not silvery, the segments oblong or oblong-
NORE ott celarecae is ou sete ea bcaae acne 17. A. absinthium.

Receptacle not pilose.
Leaves green, finely dissected into linear segments.
Biennial; heads small, in leafy panicles. . -.-- . 5. A. biennis.
Perennial; heads few, large...........--.-- . 6. A. longepedunculata.
Leaves white beneath, not finely dissected.
Involucre persistently white tomentose.

Leaves not glandular puncticulate....... . 7. A. ludoviciana.
Leaves puncticulate with scattered gland-
WIT GOA: £5 52s ens caper enenmeae 8. A. atomifera.
Involucre green, glabrous’ or pubescent; not
tomentose.

Heads campanulate.
Leaves pinnately or tiaanately di-
vided into narrow segments. . -. -- - 10. A. discolor.
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire or .
more or less laciniately cleft.
Stem about 1 m. high; leaves
persistently tomentose be-
neath; involucre green... ..-. - 9. A. tilesii.

ee ee

ee

eben

-_PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 587

Stems 30 to 60 em., slender;
leaves very narrow; involucre

fascous... -. <= -~ a, eh ore 11. A. lindieyana.
Heads cylindric; leaves lanceolate-oblong,
sparingly cleft or entire ...-...-.-.--- 12. A. suksdorfit.
Shrubs; flowers all perfect and fertile.
Tall, .5 to 2 m. high; leaves mostly 3-toothed..........-- . 18. A. tridentata.
Less tall, 30 to 60 em. high; leaves lobed cleft or parted.
Leaves 3 to 5-lobed, the lobes cuneate-obovate_.___._-- 14. A. arbuscula.

Leaves 3 to 5-cleft or parted, the lobes linear.
Panicle spike-like, the heads mostly solitary in the
guise ordinary leaves <2 2c. ee aca: 15. A. rigida.
Panicle thyrsoid; heads clustered........---.----- 16. A. tripartita.

1. Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh, Fl. 2: 521. 1814.

Artemisia cernua Nutt. Gen. 2: 143. 1818.

Artemisia inodora Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 150. 1833.

Type Locauity: ‘‘On the Missouri.”’ Collected by Lewis; the exact place near the
mouth of White River, Lyman Co., S. Dak.

Rance: British Columbia to Sashatchewan, south to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1609; Wenache, Whited 1337;
North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg &: Leiberg 829; Loomis,
Elmer 598; Spokane, Piper, August, 1893; Sandberg, Heller, & McDougal 908; Wawawai,
Piper 1587.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

2. Artemisia canadensis Michx. Fl. 2: 128. 1804.

? Artemisia pacifica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 401. 1841.

Type Locaity: Hudson Bay.

Rance: Washington to Hudson Bay, south to New England and in the Rocky Moun-
tains to Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 164; Skamania County, Suksdorf 659;
Wenatchee, Whited 29.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

3. Artemisia borealis wormskioldii Besser, Dracunc. 83. 1832.

Type Locauity: “In rupibus sinus Kabssund Groenlandiae.”’

Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fett, July 20, 1897; Mount Rainier, Fett,
August 27, 1896.

4. Artemisia frigida Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1838. 1803.

TyPE Locauity: “ Datitiriae.”’

Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to New Mexico and Texus.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “Interior Oregon,” i. e. Washington, Cooper in 1853; Colville
Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 362. )

5. Artemisia biennis Willd. Sp. Pl. 3°: 1842. 1803.
Type Locauity: “Nova Zelandia ?”’
Rance: Washington to Hudson Bay, south to California and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 545; Colton, Piper 2660.

6. Artemisia longepedunculata Rudolphi, Nov. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. 3:77. 1834.
Artemisia norvegica pacifica A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 371. 1884.
Type Locatity: “In Siberia ulteriori.”
Rance: Alaska to Washington. Siberia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Horseshoe Basin, /lmer 705.

588 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

7. Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Gen. 2: 143. 1818.

Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt. loc. cit.

Artemisia diversifolia Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 21. 1901.

Tyre Locauitry: “On the banks of the Mississippi, near St. Louis; also on the alluvial
plains of the Missouri.”

Rance: British Columbia to Michigan, south to California and Tee

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 12, 1892; Wenache, Whited
1338, 11; Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &
Leiberg 337; Sprague, Lake & Hull 725; Spokane, Piper 3519; Elmer 867; Pullman,
Piper 1586; Salmon River, Horner 342; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 724; Coulee City, Lake
& Hull, August, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1610; Toppenish, Cotton 778;
Ellensburg, Elmer 378; Lake Chelan, Gorman 679; Sheep Springs, Leiberg 944; Walla
Walla, Wilkes Expedition 944; Fort Colville, Watson 227; Blue Mountains, Horner 296;
without locality, Vasey 479, 482; Squaw Creek, Cotton 867.

ZONAL DistTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

An exceedingly common species presenting great variability as to leaf contour and
pubescence. Several such forms have been considered species or subspecies, a disposition
which seems to us entirely artificial. The plant is often called ‘“ white sage.”’

8. Artemisia atomifera sp. nov.

Cespitose, often in large clumps; stems suffrutescent, mostly simple up to the inflores-
cence, 60 to 120 em. high, coarsely striate, canescent or glabrate; leaves numerous, sub-
sessile, firm, and rather rigid, green and nearly glabrous above, speckled with numerous

_ white resinous atoms, closely white-tomentose beneath, excessively variable as to form, -

either all lanceolate and entire or all dentate or laciniate, or the larger ones 5 to 7-pinnately
divided with narrow lobes, usually the upper ones entire, the lower variously dentate or
lobed, commonly 2 to 6 em. long; panicle oblong or somewhat pyramidal, 10 to 20 em. long,
more or less leafy-bracted, the heads glomerate or spicate on the ascending branches;
involucre campanulate, canescently tomentose, moré or less atomiferous like the leaves, 2
to 4 em. high; bracts about 10, ovate, obtuse; flowers 10 to 25 in each head; mature
akenes linear-oblong, glabrous, destitute of pappus.

A species with the habit and appearance of A. ludoviciana Nutt.,.to which it is cl -sely
allied, but apparently well marked by the peculiar atomiferous character of the upper leaf
surface. The odor is decidedly more pungent than that of A. /udoviciana. I have never
met the species except in Snake River canyon at Wawawai and Almota.

The type, in the U.S. National Herbarium, is my no. 6466 from Wawawai, a good series
of which shows the variability of the foliage. Other specimens were collected at Wawawai
July 19, 1892, and at Almota under no. 2321.

9. Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 5: 568. 1815..

Artemisia tilesvi elatior Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 422. 1843.

Artemisia arachnoidea Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 310. 1903.

Type Locauiry: “Hab. in Kamtschatka. *

Rance: Alaska to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1199; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy &
Brandegee 115, 469; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 871; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull,
August 24, 1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Lake Cushman, Piper, August,
1895; Peshastin, Sandberg & seek 492; Twisp River, Whited, July 20, 1896; near Van-
couver, Sheldon 11284.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: ide and Canadian.

The type of A. arachnoidea Sheldon seems to me only a form of this variable species.

10. Artemisia discolor Dougl.; DC. Prod. 6: 109. 1837.
? Artemisia michauriana Besser, Abrot. 71. 1834. “Ad fluv. Columbiam. Douglas.”
Artemisia stenoloba Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 432. 1900.

av

Meee ean Ae ee ee ee ee

eS eee

——

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 589

Type Loca.ity: “In America bor. ad Rocky Mountains, prope Spokan et Kettle Falls.”
Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia and Montana to California and Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Cascade Mountains to
Colville, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Suksdorf 35; Yakima
County, Brandegee; Loomis, Elmer 589; Box Canyon, Kreager 388.

ZONAL DisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

11. Artemisia lindleyana Besser; Hook. FI. 1: 322. 1834, and Abrot. 35. 1834.

Type Loca.ity: ‘ Northwest coast of America.” Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 193, 1611; banks of Columbia
at Alder Creek, Brandegee 908; Pasco, Henderson; Bingen, Piper 6450.

Along with the original description of the species, Besser describes four subspecies based

_ wholly on leaf contour, which character in this group we consider worthless. Besser’s sub-

species are named legitima, brevifolia, subdentata, and coronopus.

12. Artemisia suksdorfii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 42. 1901.
Artemisia vulgaris littoralis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900, not A. litto-
ralis Retz.
Type Locatity: Fairhaven, Washington.
Ranc_E: Seacoast, British Columbia to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3976; Fairhaven, Piper 2808; Henderson

‘in 1892; Seattle, Piper; Chuckanut Bay, Suksdorf 980.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

13. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841.
COMMON SAGEBRUSH.

Type Locatity: “Plains of the Oregon and Lewis River.’”’ Collected by Nuttall.

Ranae: Washington to Montana, Colorado, and eastern California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Leckenby; Mount Adams,
Suksdorf 72; plains of the Columbia and Lewis rivers, Nuttall; Okanogan, Cooper in 1853;
Wenache, Whited 1332; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 470; Rattlesnake Mountains, Dunn,
September 10, 1902; Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull 717; Chelan, Elmer 850; without locality,
Vasey 480.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

For illustrations of Artemisia tridentata see Plates IV and VI, facing pages 25 and 36.

14. Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 398. 1841.

Type Looauity: “On the arid plains of upper California, on Lewis River.”’

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 861, Cotton 1795, 1796.

Two specimens collected by Cotton in the Wenache Mountains, nos. 1565 and 1798,
represent a plant intermediate in characters between A. arbuscula and A. tridentata, and
this is said to occupy a belt above the latter and below the former. It is probably an
undescribed species, but better material is needed.

15. Artemisia rigida A. Gray (Nutt.) Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 49. 1884.
SCABLAND SAGEBRUSH.

Artemisia trifida rigida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841.

Type Looatity: ‘The plains of Lewis River.” Collected by Nuttall.

RanGE: Idaho, eastern Washington, and eastern Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 72; North Yakima, Watt, August,
1895; Leckenby; Wenache, Whited 1332; Chelan, Elmer 850; Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull
717; Okanogan County, Cooper in 1853; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 470; plains of
Columbia and Lewis rivers, Nuttall; without locality, Vasey 480; Rock Creek, Cotton 966;
Wawawai, Piper 3814, 3815; Fort Simcoe, Cotton 1564.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

590 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

16. Artemisia tripartita Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 432. 1900.
Artemisia trifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 398. 1841, not Turez. 1832.
Type Locauity: “Plains of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall.
Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. ;
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whied 1339; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 482;
Okanogan River, Cooper; near Deep Creek Falls, Watson 229; Columbia and Lewis River
Plains, Nuttall; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1793.
ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

17. Artemisia absinthium L. Sp. Pl. 2: 848. 1753. WormMwoop,
TypPE Loca.ity: European.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Burnham, August 6, 1901; Piper, August, 1903.
This species seems to be spreading rapidly.

ARTEMISIA RICHARDSONIANA Besser does not occur in Washington, the “Mt. Rainier
Tolmie”’ specimen of the Synoptical Flora having really been collected en the ‘E. side Rky.
Mts., Burke,” as noted by Dr. Gray on the sheet in the Gray Herbarium.

TETRADYMIA.

1. Tetradymia canescens DC. Prod. 6: 440. 1837.

Tyre vocauity: ‘‘Ad Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming, Arizona, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 400; Wenache, Whited 166; upper Naches
River, Henderson, June 3, 1892; Klickitat County, Howell; Wilbur, Henderson, July 17,
1892; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 731; Crab
and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 247; Spokane, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 930;
Palouse River, Lyall ; without locality, Vasey 543; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 695.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

ARNICA.
Basal leaves cordate, long-petioled.
Heads rayless; herbage villous and viscid................-.- 1. A. discoidea.
Heads radiate.
Herbage pubescent, the stems hirsute or villous. .......- - 2. A. cordifolia.

Herbage glabrous.
Akenes atomiferous-glandular; leaves often similarly

giandularop: both: sides: = ... 25 Se do tiv ats cee sees 3. A. gracilis.
Akenes glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves large, usually dentate, thin ............. 4. A. latifolia.
Leaves small, crenate-dentate, firm..........-.. 5. A. betonicaefolia,
Basal leaves not cordate, short-petioled.
PUBBOG TOY NORS 85 os Se agit eh a Ai Pan Aah ws etc i ch ened tee 6. A. parryi.

Heads radiate.
Leaves dentate or denticulate, mostly rather broad.
Pappus whitish, barbellate.
Herbage viscid-glandular, upper leaves much re-

duced.
Stems with corm-like base, this covered with
& Teddish LOMENHIN 62 oo. Ga op scnc tees 7. A. pedunculata.
Stems from horizontal rootstocks .......... 8. A. fulgens.
Herbage atomiferous-glandular or glandless; up-
per leaves but little reduced ........-......-- 9. A. aurantiaca.

Pappus fuscous, subplumose.
Upper surface of leaves glabrous, sticky.
Stem leaves ovate or ovate-oblong .......-- 10. A. amplexicaulis,

a a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 591

Stem leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong. . . ~~. -44.--A. macounii.
Upper surface of leaves pubescent.
Pubescence sparse, pilose ........-.--.--- . 12. A. aspera.
Pubescence dense, short .-...---.--------- 13. A. mollis.
Leaves subentire, rarely lanceolate.
Herbage white-tomentose..........-.-------. Nae 14. A. cana.
Herbage glabrous or nearly so........------------- 15. A. longifolia.

1. Arnica discoidea Benth. Pl. Hartw. 319. 1849.
Arnica cordifolia eradiata Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 381. 1884.
Type Loca.ity: Monterey, California.
Rance: British Columbia to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1617, 565.

2. Arnica cordifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1833.

Arnica macrophylla Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil: Soc. 7: 407. 1841.

Type Locauity: “ Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains on the east side.’’ Collected by
Drummond.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. :

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 139; Mount Adams, Flett 1103;
Clealum, Whited 621; near Wenache, Whited 91, 1101; Eaton, Henderson, June 11, 1892;
Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 42; Kamiak Butte,
Moore, June 4, 1893; Piper, July 20, 1899; without locality, Vasey 535; Lake Kalispel,
Kreager 351. ‘

ZONAL pistriBuTIon: Arid Transition and Canadian.

3. Arnica gracilis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 297. 1897.

Arnica multiflora Greene, Pittonia 4: 162. 1900.

Type LocaLity: Spanish Peaks, Montana.

Rance: Washington to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1306; Mount Steele, Piper 2203; Loomis,
Elmer, August, 1879; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 682; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, Sep-
tember 17, 1883.

4. Arnica latifolia Bong. Mem. Aéad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 147. 1832.

Arnica menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1833.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sitka.

Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2205, 1072, Cascade Mountains, 49°,
Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2143 and August, 1895; Flett 247: Mount Stuart, #lmer
1165; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Suksdorf 195, Flett 1080, upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 138; Silverton, Bouck 106; Yakima Region, Brandegee 913, Skagit
Pass, Lake & Hull 737; Stevens Pass, W hited 1462.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

5. Arnica betonicaefolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 163. 1900.

Type Locauity: “At 6000 to 7000 feet on slopes of Mount Steele of the Olympic
Mountains. ”’

Rance. Olympic Mountains, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1306, Mount Steele, Paper 2202, Mount
Storm King, Lawrence 349.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Arctic.

This species is closely allied to A. latvfolia Bong., and may prove to be nothing but a
reduced alpine form of it

6. Arnica parryi A Gray Am. Nat. 8: 213. 1874.
Type Locatity. Colorado. Collected by Parry.

592 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Range: Washington and Oregon to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fledt 130; Mount Rainier, Piper 2159; Goat
Mountain, Allen 137; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 566; Howell; Loomis, Elmer 582; without
locality, Vasey 536; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1653.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

7. Arnica pedunculata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 297. 1897.
' Arnica monocephala Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 435. 1900.

Type Locaity: Spanish Basin, Montana.

Rance: Washington to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains north of Ellensburg, Whited 719; Weniche Moun-
tains, Whited 1137; Spangle, Piper, May 24, 1901; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 103;
Pullman, Piper 1578; Elmer 875; Spokane, Dewart.

This species is in habit just like the plant referred to A. fulgens Pursh, but that has
horizontal rootstocks, while this has a cormose base covered with pale reddish tomentum.
This difference may not prove constant, and needs further examination in the field. Both
the species here mentioned have been referred to A. alpina Olin, which, in its typical form at
least, does not occur in Washington.

8. Arnica fulgens Pursh, FI. 2: 527. 1814.

Type Locaity: ‘On the banks of the Missouri.”

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Republic, Beattie & Chapman 264; Goat Mountains, Allen 229;
Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Wenas and Umtanum creeks, Cotton 1148;
Ellensburg, Piper 2677; Whited 542, 649; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Sprague, Hender-
son 2279; Waitsburg, Horner 598; Pullman, Paper, June 13, 1894.

ZONAL pisTRIBUTION. Arid Transition.

9. Arnica aurantiaca Greene, Torreya 1: 42. 1901.

Tyre Locatity, “At the head of Keystone Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, at
about 7,000 feet.’”’ Coliected by Cusick, August, 1900.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountains, Allen 229.

10. Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 408. 1841.
Arnica amplexifolius Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 434. 1900 (February 15).
Tyre Locauiry: ‘On the rocks of the Wahlamet at the Falls,’’ Oregon.
Rance: Washington and Oregon.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 4962, 5009; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2204;
Flett 818, Mount Rainier, Allen 285a; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 738.

11. Arnica macounii Greene, Pittonia 4: 160. 1900 (December 8).

Type Loca.ity: “ Near Comox, Vancouver Island.”’

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skokomish River, Piper 1074; Coast Mountains, Cooper; Cas-
cade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; White Salmon, Suksdorf 28; Lake Cushman, Kincaid,
June 15, 1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1194;
Bridge Creek, Elmer 672; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 633.

‘This species differs from A. -amplerieantis only in its narrow leaves, a character far from
constant.

12. Arnica aspera Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 281. 1902.

Type Locauity: Mount Ruinier. Collected by Greene.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Greene, August 20, 1889.

This species is closely allied to the Alaskan A. chamissonis Less., but the pubescence is
much harsher. » .

13. Arnica mollis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 231. 1839.
Type Loca.ity: “Alpine rivulets of the Rocky Mountains.”’
RanGeE: British Columbia to Quebec, south California, and Colorado.

AR a rl ile i

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 593

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 285; Piper 2139; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
567; Henderson, August 10, 1892; Howell in 1882; Suksdorf 567; Yakima County, Hender-
son 2298; Yakima Region, Brandegee 912; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1164, 1163; Cascade Moun-
tains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 736; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg
725; Bridge Creek, Elmer.

Most of the above specimens were distributed as A. chamissonis Less., a species which
apparently does not reach our limits.

14. Arnica cana Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 282. 1902.

Arnica foliosa incana Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 416. 1876.

Arnica incana Greene, Pittonia 4: 169. 1900, not A. incana Pers. 1807.

Tyre Locauity: Lake Tahoe, California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Brandegee 139; White Salmon, Suksdorf in
1878; Big Klickitat River, Henderson in 1892.

15. Arnica longifolia D. C. Eaton in Wats.-Bot. King. Explor. 186. 1871.
Type Locauity: “Clover Mts.”’ Nevada.
_ Rance: Washington? and Idaho to California and Utah.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 568, a somewhat doubtful specimen.
the akenes hairy as well as glandular.

The above treatment of the Washington species of Arnica is far from satisfactory. It
is probable that further study in the field will compel the recognition of a larger number
of species. Collectors should secure large series of specimens and note carefully which
_ characters are constant and which are due to differences in environment.

PETASITES.
Alpine plant; leaves ovate or oblong, 5 to 7-lobed, 5 to'10 cm. long .....-- 3. P. frigida.
Lowland plants.
Leaves broadly sagittate, very coarsely dentate .............-.------ 1. P. dentata.
Leaves reniform-orbicular, 7 to 11-cleft, very large, often 30 cm. or more
OM ae ett en ee REGO SoD ae ions Sa dana eens ae snes ¢ rises 2. P. speciosa.

1. Petasites dentata Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 64. 1905.

Type Looatity: “The common Rocky Mountain species.”

Rance: British Columbia to Hudson Bay south to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Pend Oreille River, Lyall
in 1861.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

This species has been generally confused with the entire leaved P. sagittata Pursh of
the Hudson Bay region.

2. Petasites speciosa (Nutt.) Piper, Mazama 2: 97. 1901.

Nardosmia speciosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 288. 1840.

Type Looa.ity: “Shady forests of the Oregon and Wahlamet by streams.’’ Collected
by Nuttall. ~ ‘

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper 123; Silverton, Bouck 104;
Tacoma, Flett 201; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 54; Larm River, Suksdorf 140;
Wenache Mountains, Whited 1341.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

This species is entirely different from the eastern P. palmata (Ait.) Gray, with which
authors have confused it.

29418—06 m——38

- 594 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

3. Petasites frigida (L.) Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. 182. 1846.

Tussilago frigida L. Sp. Pl. 2: 865. 1753.

Petasites nivalis Greene, Pittonia 2: 18. 1889.

Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Alpium Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Siberiae convallibus.”

Rance: Alaska to Washington and Lake Superior. Europe. Asia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1356; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2190; Mount
Rainier, Smith in 1889; Piper in 1890; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 803; Stevens Pass, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 783.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

CACALIOPSIS.

1. Cacaliopsis nardosmia glabrata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 222. 1902.

Tyee Locauity: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf.

Rance: Washington in the Cascade Mountains.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1883; Klickitat River, Flett 1104;
Simcoe Mountains, Howell; near Wenache, Whited 1136; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg
564; Roslyn, Whited 425; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1271,

ZONAL bisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

LUINA.

1. Luina hypoleuca Benth.; Hook. Ic. Pl. 12: 36. t. 1139. 1873.

Type Locauity: “Amongst rocks, Cascade Mountains, Lake Chilukweyuk,”’ Washington.
Collected by Lyall.

Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains,
latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2151, 352; Flett 246; Goat Mountain, Allen 31;
Skokom'sh River, Kincaid, June 14, 1892; Silverton, Bouck; Yakima County, Brandegee;
Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 784; St:agit Pass, Lake & Hull 805; Stampede Pass,
Henderson, June 26, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 687; without locality, Vasey 540; Mount
Storm King, Lawrence 325.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

RAINIERA.

1. Rainiera stricta Greene, Pittonia 3: 291. 1898.

Prenanthes stricta Greene, Pittonia 2: 21. 1889.

Luina piperi Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 43. t. 6. 1891.

Psacalium strictum Greene, Pittonia 2: 228. 1892.

Type Locatity: Mount Rainier, Washington.

RaNGE: Cascade Mountains of Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Goat Mountains, Allen, 140;
Flett 2140; neat Mount Adams, Henderson 2320; Mount Rainier, Greene in 1889.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

CROCIDIUM.

1. Crocidium multicaule Hook. Fl. Bor. Am 1: 335. 1833.
Type Loca.ity: “About Fort Vancouver,’ Washington.
Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 183; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma,

Flett 79; Ellensburg, Whited 262; near Ellensburg, Whited 64; foothills Blue Mountains,
Horner 165; without locality, Cooper.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 595

SENECIO.

Annual; calyculate bracts of the involucre several, short, closely
appressed, distinctly black-tipped..............-.-.-.-.. 1. 8. vulgaris.
Biennials or perennials; calyculate bracts of the involucre few,
not closely appressed, slightly or not at all black-tipped
(except in S. lugens).
Leaves, or some of them, pinnate or pinnatifid.
Stems mostly leafy; leaves all pinnatifid or the lower-
most undivided and orbicular; pubescence if any
crisp-hairy, not woolly.
Leafy to the inflorescence; leaves thin... ...-..- 2. S. harfordii.
Leafy at the base, naked above; leaves thick... 3. S. flettii.
Stems leafy below, the upper leaves much reduced,
mostly pinnatifid or pinnatisect ; pubescence if any
white woolly.
Herbage densely white woolly or floccose; pubes-
cence usually persistent.
Pubescence persistent except in S. fastigi-
atus; leaves 1 to 2 cm. broad.
Petioles of the basal leaves usually
shorter than the blades............ 12. 8. canus.
Petioles of the basal leaves usually ex-
ceeding the blades.
Leaves entire to pinnate-lobed ; up-
per leaf surface usually perma-

nently woolly .....-...-.-.- 13. S. howellit.
Leaves entire or dentate; upper
leaf-surface often glabrate. -. -- - 14. S. fastigiatus.

Pubescence floccose, more or less evanescent ;
leaves 1 to 5 cm. broad.
Involucral bracts and bractlets not

; conspicuously black-tipped. . ...- .- - 15. S. elmeri.
Involucral bracts and bractlets conspic-
uously black tipped............... 16. S. lugens.

Herbage not densely lanate nor floccose; pubes-
cence confined chiefly to the base of the stems
and the leaf-axils.
Heads discoid (except in subspecies fallax). 4. S. pauciflorus.
Heads radiate.
Stems 10 to 30 cm. high; heads usually
solitary.
Cauline leaves much _ reduced,
Gract-Uike ooo cee cee eae 5. S. subnudus.
Cauline leaves when present broad
and subamplexicaul, closely pec-
CALE Foss ck seta ny cat eons 6 S. ovinus.
Stems 30 to 70 cm. high; heads several
to many.
Leaves thin in texture, the lower
distinctly ovate...........-... 7. 8. pseudaureus.
Leaves thick in teins the iowa
not ovate.
Akenes hispidulous on the
ROIS 2 6 occa cow dea 11. S. balsamitae..

596 CONTRIBUTIONS
Akenes glabrous.

Basal leaves obovate or

oblanceolate, dentate

only toward the apex.. 9.

Basal leaves crenate-
dentate from the base
to apex or subentire.

Glabrous; | basal
leaves nearly quad-
rangular, sinuate,
dentate or entire. 10.

More or less pubes-
cent, especially in
the leaf axils;
leaves often cune-
ata at base....... 8.

Leaves not at all pinnate nor pinnatifid.

Rootstock woody; stems low; leaves small, thick.... 26.

Rootstock none or not woody; stems tall; leaves, at

least the basal ones, large.
Stems tall, clustered, leafy to the inflorescence.

Leaves triangular-lanceolate, petiolate,

CORTRBIY GONTRSES fc oe esuies ko near sense 24.
Leaves lanceolate, sessile.

Margin of lea es evenly serrate....... 25
Margin of leaves entire. . . 25a

Stems usually solitary; leaves mostly ‘basal,
the cauline much reduced.
Herbage wholly glabrous.
Leaves glaucous, quite fleshy, mostly
ONGIG Ws sone cvecas svecte cares
Leaves not glaucous, mostly dentate.
Bracts of the involucre 6 to 7 mm.
long, stramineous ...........--
Bracts of the involucre 7 to 8 mm.

FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

S. cymbalarioides.

S. fraternus.

S. adamsi.

S. ductoris.

S. triangularis.

. S. serra.
. S. serra lanceolatus.

. S. hydrophilus.

. 8. hydrophiloides.

long, DIOWAMAL: os<ceice éeereit 19. S. foetidus.
Herbage more or less pubescent with long
jointed somewhat intermixed hairs.
PION GM UNCON oo.sc% cow. nes eae ee tad 20. S. vaseyi.
Heads radiate.
Heads 8 to 10 mm _ high in an-
thesis; bracts of the involucre
usually 13,from 5 to 7 mm.
long... eres . 21. S. exaltatus.
Heads 10 te ‘12 n mm. alinek in an-
thesis; bracts of the involucre
about 21, from 6.5 to 8.5 mm.
long.
Inflorescence open .......-.. 22. S. atriapiculatus.
Inflorescence dense. ....-..-..- 23. S. condensatus.

1. Senecio vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 2. 867. 1753.
Type Locatity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Five June 2, 1894; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Lower

Cascades, Suksdorf, May 29, 1886.

GROUNDSEL.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 597

2. Senecio harfordii Greenman, sp. nov.

Glabrous or essentially so throughout; stem erect or ascending from a slender rootstock,
2 to 5 dm. high, somewhat glaucous, usually leafy; leaves mostly pinnately divided, with
irregularly lobed divisions, and these in turn dentate, including the petiole 4 to 14 cm.
long, 1 to 5 em. broad, thin in texture, and drying pale green; the lowermost leaves often
undivided, rotund and crenately lobed; uppermost leaves epetiolate: inflorescence a ter-
minal corymbose cyme, few to many- (2 to 30-) headed; heads mostly less than 1 cm. high,
including the rays 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter; involucre shorter than the flowers of the disk;
bracts of the involucre about 13, narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 5.5 mm. long, acuminate, acute,
glabrose; ray-flowers commonly 5; rays bright yellow; disk flowers 18 to 25; achenes 2.5 to
3.5 mm. long, glabrous.

Orecon: Rocky high lands, Cascade Mountains, May 31, 1869, W. G. W. Harford &
Geo. W. Dunn 540 (hb. Gray), type; Rooster Rock, June, 1877, J. Howell (hb. Gray, and
hb. Field Mus.); rocky banks of Columbia River, western Oregon, June, 1880, Thomas J.
Howell (hb. Field Mus.); Bonneville, Multnomah County, July 17, 1885, W. N. Suksdorf
572 (hb. Gray); Multnomah Falls, July 27, 1902, LF. P. Sheldon 11004 (hb. Gray), and at
the same locality, June 25, 1904, C. V. Piper 6212 (hb. Gray).

Wasuincton: On mountains near the Lower Cascades, May 29, 1886, W. N. Suksdorf
(hb. Gray); in woods, Lower Cascades, May 29, 1887, W. N. Suksdorf 872 (hb. Gray);
south of Mount Adams, August 4, 1887, J. B. Flett 1087 (hb. Piper). Differs from S.
bolanderi A. Gray in being essentially glabrous throughout, in having somewhat thinner
leaf texture, a shorter involucre with fewer involucral bracts and fewer flowers.

3. Senecio flettii Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 137. 1899.
Type Locaity: “Near the headwaters of the Quilcene River, Olympic Mountains.”
Collected by Flett.
Rance: Olympic Mountains, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 801; Elmer 2620; Mount Steele, Piper
2196, 929.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

4. Senecio pauciflorus Pursh, Fl. 2: 529. 1814.

Type Locattty: “In Labrador.”’

Rance: British Columbia and Washington to Labrador.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Henderson 2312; Big Meadows, Kreager 428°
Deming, Flett 852 in part.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian.

4a. Senecio paucifiorus fallax Greenman, subsp. nov.

Stem erect, about 5 dm. high; lower stem-leaves 3 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 em broad,
pinnately parted with deep broad sinuses between the lateral divisions, blackish or dark
green in the dried state; segments narrowly oblong to subovate, obtusely toothed; upper
leaves reduced to mere bracts; inflorescence cymose, few-headed; heads 8 to 10 mm. high,
radiate; involucre campanulate; bracts of the involucre 18 to 21, linear, acute, 6 to 8 mm.
long, slightly purplish-tipped, glabrous; ray-flowers 10 to 12; rays yellow; disk-flowers 50
to 60, achenes glabrous.

Wasuinaton: Roadside in partial shade, Deming, Whatcom County, June 30, 1898, J. B.
Flett, no. 852 in part (type in hb. Piper, fragment and tracing in hb Gray).

The subspecies fallax is readily separated from D. pseudaureus on the characters of the
foliage.

5. Senecio subnudus DC. Prod. 6: 428. 1837.
Senecio aureus subnudus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 391. 1884.
Type Locacity. “Ad Columbia River.” Collected by Douglas.
Ranae. Washington and Montana to California.

598 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Mount Adams, Henderson 2308; Yakima region, Brandegee
915; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2167.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

6. Senecio ovinus Greene, Pittonia 4: 110. 1900.

Type Loca.ity: “On Sheep Mountain, Alberta.”’

Rance: Washington, Montana, and Alberta.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Fork of Bridge Creek, Elmer, August, 1897; Horseshoe
Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

7. Senecio pseudaureus Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 298. 1897.

Type Loca.ity: Little Belt Mountains, Montana

Rance: Washington to Nevada and Colorado

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860, Mount Adams, Suksdorf
570, Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 571, without locality Brandegee 917, Ellensburg, Elmer 431;
Whited 442; Lake Keechelus, Zenderson in 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Fort
Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition 971

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

8. Senecio adamsi Howell, Fl. N W. Am. 379. 1900.
Type Locatiry Mount Adams, Washington.
Rance. Known only trom Mount Adams
SPECIMENS EXAMINED Mount Adams, Suksdorf 73, Henderson 2309; Flett 1093.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION Arctic

9. Senecio cymbalarioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 412. 1841.
Type cvocauity. ‘In Oregon ”

Rance: Washington to Athabasca and Utah
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Chapaca, Elmer
592; Pinyon Creek, Gorman 809, Twenty-five Mile Creek, Gorman 810.

10. Senecio fraternus sp. nov

Perennial, glabrous throughout, the several more or Jess flexuous stems erect or nearly so,
arising from a stout caudex, stems about 30 em high, somewhat coarsely striate, basal
leaves thickish, somewhat quadrangular, subentire or with 7 to 11 coarse sinuations, 2 to
3 cm. long, the blade abruptly contracted to a narrowly-margined petiole about twice as
long; cauline leaves about 6 spatulate-oblanceolate to oblong, beeoming smaller and lobed
upward, sessile or nearly so, the lateral lobes 4 to 8, oblong-linear, obtuse, heads 8 to 12
in a rather close or convex cymose cluster, only the lower elongated rays branched, invo-
lucre somewhat turbinate, of from 11 to 13 linear-lanceolate acutish bracts 6 to7 mm. long,
with a few calyculate ones at base, rays few, bright yellow, oblong, 7 mm. long; florets 15
to 20, akenes glabrous

Collected on Mount Stuart, Kittitas County, Washington, by Sandberg & Leiberg, no.
553, July 24, 1893, at an altitude of 1,060 meters. The type specimen is in the United
States National Herbarium, numbered 285758

The species is somewhat intermediate between S. cymbalarioides Nutt and S. adams
Howell.

11. Senecio balsamitae Muh! , Willd. Sp. P! 3: 1998. 1803.

Type Loca.ity: “In America boreali ’’

Rance: British Columbia and Washington to Quebec and Pennsylvania.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Colton 366, Republic, Beattie &
Chapman 2256, Wenache, Whited 1096, Pasco, Hindshaw 8. -

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Transition.

ov en ee

ee eS eee ee

Ya
a

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 599

12. Senecio canus Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 333. 1833.
Type Loca.ity: “Banks of the Saskatchewan, rare.” Collected by Drummond.
Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, Dakota, and Colorado.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860.

13. Senecio howellii Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 98. 1881.

Type Locauity: “On the upper Columbia River in Oregon.’ Collected ky Howell.
The label of the type collection reads ‘“‘Columbia River opposite the mouth of the Des
Chutes.”

Range: Washington and fdahe to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1142; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 457;
Pasco, Hindshaw, May 25, 1896; Loon Lake, Winson. July 20, 1897; Spokane County,
Suksdorf 275; Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892; Piper 2267; Hangman Creek, Suksdorf
934; Clarks Springs, Kreager 98; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1249; Whited 1361; eastern
Washington, Wilkes Expedition. :

ZONAL pDistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

This was listed by Torrey in the Botany of the Wilkes Expedition as S. aureus borealis.

14. Senecio fastigiatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 410. 1841.

Senecio spatuliformis Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 552. 1899.

Type coca.ity: “The plains of Oregon, near the Wahlamet.”” Collected by Nuttall.
~ Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper, July 20, 1890; Yelm, Smith 538; Clarke
County, Henderson; Elma, Heller 4061; Mill Plain, J. Howell, June, 1877; Mount Consti-
tution, Flett 2734.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

14a. Senecio fastigiatus macounii (Greene) Greenman.

Senecio macounii Greene, Pittonia 3: 169. 1897.

Tyre LocaLity: Mount Benson, Vancouver Island.

Rance: Vancouver Island and Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Flett 2730, 2743; Valley of the Columbia
River, Lyall in 1860.

15. Senecio elmeri Piper, Erythea 7: 173. 1899.

Senecio crepidineus Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 250. 1902.

Tyee Locaity: “On gravelly moraines at the head of North Fork of Bridge Creek,
Okanogan County,’’ Washington. Collected by Elmer.

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 920, 985; Bridge Creek, Elmer 715;
Mount Stewart, Elmer 1200.

16. Senecio lugens Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 748. 1823.

Type Locauity: “At Bloody Fall, where the Esquimaux were dest:oyed by the North-
ern Indians that accompanied Hearne, whence the specific name.’”’ This place is on the
Coppermine River in Yukon.

Rance: Yukon to Washington and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fledé 95, 800.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

17. Senecio hydrophilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 411. 1841.

Tyre Locauity: ‘In the Rocky Mountains by Ham’s Fork of the Colorado of the West.”’
Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Kreager 556; Elmer 863; Piper 2382; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 419; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.

ZONAL pbistripuTiON: Arid Transition and Canadian.

600 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

18. Senecio hydrophiloides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 441. 1900.’
Type Locauity: Idaho.
Rance: Washington to Montana.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Spokane County, Suksdorf 376;
Ramm, July, 1883; Clarks Springs, Kreager 55; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 5, 1881.
ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

19. Senecio foetidus Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 377. 1900.
Type Locatity: Klickitat Valley, Washington.
Rance: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Valley, Howell 224.

20. Senecio vaseyi Greenman, sp. nov.

An herbaceous perennial, more or less pubescent throughout with jointed crisp hirsutish
hairs, later glabrate; stem erect, 4 to 7 em. high, simple; leaves elliptic-ovate to lanceolate,
5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 4 em. broad, acute or obtuse, entire or inconspicuously denticulate,
narrowed at the base into a winged petiole; the upper leaves remote, lanceolate from a
sessile subclasping base; inflorescence a simple or compound corymbose cyme; heads
medium-sized, 10 to 12 mm. high, discoid; involucre campanulate, sparingly bracteolate ;
bracts of the involucre 12 to 18, linear-lanceolate, acute, black-tipped; achenes glabrous.
WasHiNGTON: without definite locality, coll. of 1889, G. R. Vasey, no. 568 (hb. Gray); in
and near the Cascade Mountains of Kittitas, Chelan, and King counties, coll. of 1889, @. R.
Vasey, without number (hb. Piper); Klickitat River, Cascade Mountains, August 3, 1892,
L. F. Henderson (hb. Piper); Chewaukum, Whited 2532; Spipen [Naches] River to Colum-
bia River, Wilkes Expedition. Catirornia: Mount Shasta, altitude 7,500 feet, August 23,
1881, C. G. Pringle, no. 6 (hb. Gray and hb. Field Mus.); Lassens Peak, coll. of 1875,
J. G. Lemmon (hb. Gray).

21. Senecio exaltatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 410. 1841.
Type Locauity: “The plains of the Oregon, near the mouth of the Wahlamet.”’
RanGeE: Washington and Idaho to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1608; upper Atanum River, Henderson 2311.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2la. Senecio exaltatus ochraceus nom. nov.

Senecio cordatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 411. 1841, not Koch, 1834.

Senecio lugens ochroleucus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 388. 1884, not S. ochroleucus Hook. &
Arn. 1841.

Type Locauit¥: “Near the outlet of the Wahlamet.”

Rance: British Columbia to California. :

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 2167; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 23;
Howell in 1879; Goat Mountain, Allen 230; High Prairie, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1620;
Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1881; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1196; Ellensburg,
Piper, May 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889. :

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

22. Senecio atriapiculatus Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 442. 1900.

Senecio columbranus Greene, Pittonia 3: 170. 1900, not S. renifolius columbiensis A. Gray.
188 !.

Type LocaLity: None definitely given.

Rance: British Columbia to Washington and Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Kreager 242; Wenache, Whited 88.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Branston’

23. Senecio condensatus Greene, Pittonia 3: 298. 1898.

Type Locauity: ‘High ridges of the Blue Mountains, Walla Walla Co., Washington.”
Collected by Piper.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2434; Waitsburg, Horner, April 17, 1897.

-PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 601

24. Senecio triangularis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 332. 1833.

Senecio longidentatus DC. Prod. 6: 428. 1837.

Senecio gibbonsii Greene, Pittonia 2: 20. 1889.

Type Looatity: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond.

Range: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2154; Mount Adams, Flett 1083; Stevens
Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 732; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July 26, 1892; Bridge Creek,
Elmer 647; Blue Mountains, Horner 344.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian, occasionally Transtion.

The type of S. gibbonsii Greene was collected in salt marshes at the mouth of the Colum-
bia River. The original specimen has the leaves only few-toothed, but abundant material
collected by the writer just above Astoria in salt marshes seems in every way typical S. tri-
angularis. This is a remarkable station for the species, which is usually subalpine in its
habitat.

24a. Senecio triangularis subvestitus (Howell) Greenman.

Senecio subvestitus Howell, Erythea 3: 35. 1895.

Type Loca.ity. ‘In wet meadows, top of Siskiyou Mountains near Waldo, Oregon.”
’ Rance: British Columbia to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: East of Mount Adams, Henderson 2310.

25. Senecio serra Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 333. 1833.

Type Locauity: ‘Common on the banks of the Wallawallah, Spokan, and Flathead
rivers.”’ Collected by Douglas. .

Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 702, 495; North Yakima, Sternweg 894;
Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 392; Kooskooskie to Walla Walla, Wilkes Hapedition
521; along Coppei River, Horner 356; Pullman, Piper 1609; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton
527; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 675.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

25a. Senecio serra lanceolatus (Torr. & Gr.).
Senecio lanceolatus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 440. 1843.
Senecio andinus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 409. 1841, not Buek. 1840.
Senecio serra integriusculus A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1°: 387. 1884.
Type Locauity: “Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Nuttall, probably in Wyoming.
Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Calif@rnia.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Atanum Soda Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains,
Tweedy, August, 1882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 28, 1882; Waitsburg, Horner 572.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

26. Senecio ductoris nom. nov.

Senecio fremonti Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 445. 1843, not S. filifolius fremontu Torr. & Gr. FI.
2: 444.

Type Locauity: “Wind River Chain, Rocky Mountains.”

Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 144; Piper 2146; Bridge Creek, Elmer 695;
Olympic Mountains, Piper 2201.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

ANTENNARIA.

Pappus bristles of the staminate flowers not dilated at tip.
Heads several, brown.
Plants: without atolona.....c:4527.5.c-cmelieacshicee. sass 1. A. stenophylla.
Plants: with surculose‘stolons: +. +<,.....<2.22-.-5-.--------- 2. A. leucophaea.

602 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Heads solitary.
Plants with slender naked stolons. -..........-.-.-.-.--- 3. A. flagellaris.
Plants without slender stolons.
Pistillate stems 6 to 10 cm. tall......-.............. 4. A. latisquama.
Pistillate stems 2 to 3 cm. tall...........-.......... 5, A. dimorpha.

Pappus bristles of staminate flowers dilated at tip.
Plants not stoloniferous.

Pistillate heads oblong, the bracts pinkish................ 6. A. geyeri.
Pistillate heads not oblong, the bracts white or brownish.
Pubescence close, silky-woolly ..............-.2.-.- 7. A. luzuloides.
Pubescence floccose-woolly.
Stems 5 to 10 cm. high; alpine plant............ 8. A. lanata.
Stems 25 to 60 cm. high; not alpine.
Tips of the bracts not conspicuously papery.. 9. A. pulcherrima.
Tips of the bracts conspicuously white-papery. 10. A. anaphaloides.

Plants stoloniferous, growing in patches.
Heads loosely racemose; inflorescence glandular... ...... - 11. A. racemosa.
Heads corymbose; inflorescence not glandular.
Leaves 3 to 5em. long, oblanceolate or narrowly obovate.
Green and glabrate above...................... 12. A. howellii.
Tomentose on both surfaces.................-.. 13. A. concolor.
Leaves much smaller and narrower.
Heads 6 to 8 mm. high; bracts white or pink .... 20. A. parvifolia.
Heads 4 to7 mm. high. ~
Involucral bracts tinged with green or brown.
Suffrutescent at base; bracts yellowish.. 14. A. confinis.
Not suffrutescent; bracts greenish brown.
Leaves densely white-tomentose on

bothisides <2 22522222.26 515202 10; Aconiedia.
Leaves glabrate above, loosely to-
mentose beneath...........--.- 16. A. tomentella.

Involucral bracts white or pink.
Leaves obtuse, white-tomentose; bracts
DUNE oo os oy aoa snakes ees cee ee 17. A. coneinna.
Leaves acute, grayish tomentose.
Heads in@a dense cluster; bracts

ROR ove cd pon gaa ceedeeanh santos 18. A. rosea.
Heads in a loose corymb; bracts
WIA ev euses varekt Perro 19, A. hendersoni.

1. Antennaria stenophylla A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 213. 1882.

Antennaria alpina stenophylla A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 366. 1874.

Type Loca.ity: “Spipen [Naches] River.’”’ Collected by Pickering & Brackenridge.

Rance: Washington and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1345; Ellensburg, Piper 2708;
Whited, April 18, 1898; Pasco, Hindshaw 4, May 25, 1896; Kittitas Mountain, Whited,
May 27, 1896; Spipen River, Wilkes Expedition; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg
51; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Spangle, Piper 3541; Spokane River,
Wukes Expedition.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

2. Antennaria leucophaea Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 221. 1902.
Type Locaity: Klickitat, Washington. Collected by Howell.
Rance: Klickitat County, Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell; near Columbus, Suksdorf.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 603

8. Antennaria flagellaris (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 212. 1882.

Antennaria dimorpha flagellaris Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 366. 1874.

Type Locaity: ‘“ Between Spipen [Naches] River and the north fork of the Columbia,
Washington Territory.”

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2709; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 286; Cleve-
land, Suksdorf 451; Spipen River, Wilkes Expedition; Yakima region, Brandegee 92, 887;
Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1396.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

4. Antennaria latisquama Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 41. 1901.

Type Locaity: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Howell.

Range: Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell 417; mountains near Columbus, Suks-
dorf, April 13, 1886; near Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861.

5. Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 431. 1843.

Gnaphalium dimorphum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 405. 1841.

Type Locauiry: “On the Black Hills of the Platte.”

Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 11; Roslyn, Whited 419; Rattlesnake Moun-
tains, Cotton 309; Pasco, Piper 2979; Hindshaw 45; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane
River, Geyer 479; Spipen [Naches] River, Wilkes Expedition; Pine City, Piper, May 6,
1898; Spokane, Piper 2296; Lyall in 1861; above Wawawai, Elmer 101; Piper, May 6,
1900; Waitsburg, Horner 162.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

6. Antennaria geyeri A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 107. 1849.

Type Locatity: ‘Arid sandy woods near Tshimakaine, Spokan Country,’’ Washington.
Collected by Geyer.

RanGeE: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Naches River, Henderson, August 11, 1892; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 407; Howell, August 18, 1882; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 14, 1882;
Spokane, Kreager 173; near Tshimakaine, Geyer 542.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Antennaria luzuloides Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 480. 1843.

Typc Locarity: ‘Oregon or Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Douglas or by Drum-
mond.

Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 399; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 406; between
Thorp and Clealum, Whited 399; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality,
Vasey in 1889; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 177; without locality, Wilkes Expedition;
Pullman, Piper 1512; Blue Mountains, Horner 610.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Arid Transition.

8. Antennaria lanata (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 288, 1898.

Antennaria carpathica lanata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 329. 1833.

TYPE LocaLity: “Swamps of the plains among the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by
Drummond.

RanaeE: British Columbia to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2422; Mount Rainier, Allen 289;
Piper 527, 2162; Tolmre; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Adams,-
Henderson, August 10, 1892; Flett 1094; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892:
Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 833.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Arctic.

604 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

9. Antennaria pulcherrima Greene, Pittonia 3: 176. 1897.
Antennaria carpathica pulcherrima Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 329. 1833.
Tyre Locatity: ‘Swamps of the plains among the Rocky Mountains.”
Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and New Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Elmer, 452; Pullman, Elmer, June, 1897.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

10. Antennaria anaphaloides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 409. 1900.

Type Locatity: Spanish Basin, Montana.

Rance: Washington to Montana.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches, Henderson, June 15, 1892; Cleman Mountain,
Henderson 2284; Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Yakima County, Henderson 2284; Wenache
Mountains, Cotton 1307.

ZONAL DisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

11. Antennaria racemosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 330. 1833.

Antennaria piperi Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 21. 1901.

Type Loca.ity: “Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains.”

Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and Wyoming.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2420; Nisqually sources, Allen 224;
Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861;
Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 484; Klickitat River, Flett 1105; Wenache Mountains,
Whited 1261; Roslyn, Whited 419; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Kamiak Butte,
Elmer in 1897; Piper, July 20, 1899; Mount Carlton, Kreager 227; without locality, Vasey
in 1889; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 329, 330; Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian.

12. Antennaria howellii Greene, Pittonia 3: 276. 1898.

Type Locauity: St. Helens, Oregon (not ‘Mt. St. Helen’). Collected by Howell.

Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2423; Mason County, Kincaid, June
15, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen; Tacoma, Flett 103; near Mount Adams, Hen-
derson 2289; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2109; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 404; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in June, 1861; Spokane, Piper 2942; Spangle, Piper 3539; Blue Moun-
tains, Horner 171.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

This species was formerly referred to A. plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. of the Eastern States.

13. Antennaria concolor sp. nov.

Cespitose, the ligneous rootstocks and stolons slender; stems slender, erect, 20 to 30
em. high, sparsely tomentose; basal leaves thin, spatulate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, whitish,
abruptly acuminate, concave on the lateral margins, the greener upper side becoming nearly
glabrous the second season; cauline7 to 9, linear or linear-lanceolate; inflorescence of 4 to
7 short-peduncled heads in a corymb; involucre 8 to 9 mm. high; bracts in about 3 ranks,
mostly acute, greenish below, fuscous in the middle, the tips paler or white.

Type specimens collected by the writer in open places in fir woods near the suburb of
Portland, Oreg., known as Mount Scott, June 6, 1904, no. 6189. A few colonies. only were
found, all pistillate.

The species is perhaps nearest to A. howellii Greene, which was abundant in the same
locality, but that has larger and thicker leaves, nearly always smooth and green above with
the lateral margins nearly straight and with the heads usually sessile.

I would also refer to this species no. 485, G. R. Vasey, collected in the Cascade Mountains,
probably near Ellensburg, Wash., in 1889. This was referred doubtfully by Nelson (Pro-
ceedings U.S. National Museum 33:713) to A. pedicellata Greene, but that has a glandular
inflorescence. The Vasey specimen differs from the type of A. concolor only in that the

stems are somewhat stouter, the leaves thicker and less suddenly narrowed into the petiole
and the heads shorter-pedicelled.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 605

14. Antennaria confinis Greene, Pittonia 4: 40. 1899.

TyPE LocaLity: Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona.

Rance: Washington to Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1262; Cotton 1280; Rattlesnake
Mountains, Cotton 1280.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

15. Antennaria media Greene, Pittonia 3: 286. 1898.

Type Loca.iry: “Mountains above Coldstream, Placer Co., California.”’

Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2421; Mount
Rainier,. Allen 141; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Flett 1180; Yakima region,
Brandegee 886.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic.

This species was formerly confused with the European A. alpina (L.) Gaertn.

16. Antennaria tomentella E. Nelson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 23: 701. 1901.

Tyre Locatity: “ Near Stevens Pass, Cascade Mountains, Washington.” Collected by
Sandberg & Leiberg.

Rance: Cascade Mountains, Washington.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 751; Mount Adams, Cotton
1517.

17. Antennaria concinna E. Nelson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 705. 1901.

Type Locatity: “Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Washington.”

Rance: Washington, Oregon, Utah.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2417; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 350;
Olympic Mountains, Piper 2191.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.

18. Antennaria rosea Greene, Pittonia 3: 281. 1898.

Antennaria divica rosea D. C. Eaton; 8. Wats. Bot. King. 186. 1871, nom. nud.

Type Locauity: North Park, Colorado, collected by C. S. Sheldon.

RANGE: British Columbia to Alberta, Colorado, and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2161; Mount Adams, Henderson 2288;
Goose Lake, Flett 1095; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2190; Ellensburg, Elmer 398;
Mountains north of Ellensburg, Whited 661; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 213; Loomis,
Elmer 372; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Spokane, Henderson 2286; Piper 2273; Cheney,
Tucker, in 1890; without locality, Vasey 484, 487.

ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

18a. Antennaria rosea angustifolia (Rydberg) E. Nelson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23:
706. 1901.

Antennaria angustifolia Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 546. 1899.

Tyre Loca.iry: Yosemite Valley, California.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piver 2192; Mount Baldy, Conard 394.

19. Antennaria hendersoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 221. 1902.
Tyre Locatity: Mount Adams, Washington, collected by Henderson.
Rance: Washington.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 2290 July 3, 1892; Fett 1078.

20. Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 406. 1841.

Antennaria aprica Greene, Pittonia 3: 282. 1898.

Type Locauity: “On the Black Hills and plains of the upper part of the Platte.’ Col.
lected by Nuttall. .

Rance: Washington to Manitoba, south to New Mexico and Nebraska.

606 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Brandegee 883 in part; Spokane, Piper 2297,
2298; Spokane, Kreager 174.
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition

ANAPHALIS.

la. Anaphalis margaritacea occidentalis Greene, Fl. Fran. 399. 1897.

Type Locatity: Sand hills of the seaboard at least from Middle California to Alaska.

Rance: Alaska to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper;
Silverton, Bouck 103; Goose Lake, Flett 1096; Tacoma, Flett 129; Tieton River, Cotton
445; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Roslyn, Whited 467; along Twisp.River, Whited
204; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 744; Bridge Creek, Elmer 634; without locality, Vasey
488; Mount Carlton, Kreager 223; Fish Lake, Dunn, August, 1900; Atanum Soda Springs,
Watt, August, 1895.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

1b. Anaphalis margaritacea subalpina A. Gray, Syn. FI. 12: 233. 1884.

Type Locauity: ‘“ Mountains of Colorado.”

Rance: Washington to Colorado.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 676; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 511;
Mount Stuart, Elmer 1177° Stuart Island, Lawrence 155.

GNAPHALIUM.

Bristles of the pappus united at base; involucre brownish. ........ - 1. G. purpureum.
Bristles of the pappus separated at base.
Plants low; flowers in dense leafy clusters; involucres very woolly.
Bracts white; plants loosely-woolly.............---.----- 2. G. palustre.
Bracts brownish; plants appressed-woolly..........-.---- 3. G. uliginosum.
Plants tall; flowers in looser, leafless clusters; involucres woolly
only at base.

Glandular; leaves green above................-.-.----- 4. G. decurrens.

Not glandular; leaves white-woolly.
Involucre white; cymes loose..........---.-------+- 5. G. microcephalum.
Involucre yellowish; cymes dense........-...-.----- 6. G. chilense.

1. Gnaphalium purpureum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 854. 1753.

Type Locauity: “In Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania.”
* Rance: Throughout the most of the United States, Mexico, South America.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3919; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma,
Flett 72; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1580.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

2. Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404. 1840.

Gnaphalium gossypinum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 404. 1840.

Type Loca.ity: “Rocky Mountains, Oregon, California, and Chile.”’

Rance: Washington to Wyoming, south to California and Arizona.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4014; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2070,
655, 653, 654, 2080; mouth of Columbia, Nuttall; Wenache, Whited 242; Ellensburg,
Whited 696, 496; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sand-
berg & Leiberg 284; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; Spokane, Henderson, July
9, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1583; Almota, Piper 2735; Mount Carlton, Kreager 177.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran.

8. Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 856. 1753.
TypPE Locatity: European.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 607

Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. Asia. Europe.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 975; Fairhaven, Piper; west Klick-
itat County, Suksdorf 127,656; Manor, Piper, July 10, 1899; Kalama, Piper, October 30,
1901.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. —

4. Gnaphalium decurrens californicum (DC.) A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 341. 1876.

Gnaphalium californicum DC. Prod. 7: 224. 1865-8.

Type Locauiry: California.

Rance: Washington and Idaho to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Falcon Valley,
Suksdorf 33; Mount Adams, Flett 1067; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 700; Pend
Oreille River, Lyall in 1861.

ZONAL pDisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian.

5. Gnaphalium microcephalum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404. 1840.

Tyee Locatity: “St. Diego, Upper California.”

RanGeE: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns, August 15,1890; Port Townsend, Edwards
33; Anacortes, Henderson, July 5, 1892; Tacoma, Fett 138; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen
223; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 830; Leavenworth, Savage 25; Whited 245; Tumwater
Canyon, Whited 1458; Spokane, Piper, August 28, 1898; Newport, Kreager 454.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

6. Gnaphalium chilense Spreng. Syst. 3: 480. 1826.

Gnaphalium sprenglii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 150. 1838.

Gnaphalium luteo-album occidentale Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 403. 1841.

Type oca.ity: California. There collected by Chamisso, but the specimens erroneously
attributed to Chile.

Rance: Washington to California and Texas.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1076; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Piper
1786; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 745; Pullman, Piper, October 5, 1897; Waitsburg,
Horner 412; Alma, Elmer 544; Toppenish, Cotton 777, Prosser, Cotton 896.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

ADENOCAULON.

1. Adenocaulon bicolor Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 19. ¢. 15. 1830.

Type Locatity: “In sylvis densis apud Fretum de Fuca, atque prope Fort Vancouver
ad flumen Columbiae, in ora occidentali Americae Septentrionalis.” Collected by Scouler.

Rance: British Columbia to California and east to Lake Superior.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Olympic
Mountains, Edwards in 1889; Silverton, Bouck 87; Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; upper Nis-
qually Valley, Allen 12; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 598; Stehekin, Whited 1400; Max-
field, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 806; Railroad Creek, Elmer 859;
without locality, Vasey 490; without locality, Geyer 523; Mount Carlton, Kreager 214.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

PSILOCARPHUS.
Heads covered with long loose woolly hairs.
Erect, 6 to 15 em. high; heads sparsely woolly ............-..-- 1. P. elatior.
BeWetr. WORGS. FOV WOONY oe one en as de Soles wn encd odes 2. P. brevissimus.
Heads covered with short close wool.
Prostrate; leaves oblong or elliptic................-......----- 3. P. tenellus.

Ascending; leaves narrowly oblanceolate............-....------ 4. P. oreganus.

608 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Psilocarphus elatior A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 17: 448. 1886.

Psilocarphus oreganus elatior A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 336. 1876.

Type Locatity: Portland, Oregon.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1125; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 1573;
Manor, Piper 3079; Pullman, Piper, September 30, 1897; Blue Mountains, Horner 336;
Coulee City, Piper 3904; Vancouver, Piper 5024.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition.

2. Psilocarphus brevissimus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 340. 1840.

Tyre cocauity: “Plains of the Oregon River, in inundated tracts.” Collected by
Nuttall.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3904}.

ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition.

3. Psilocarphus tenellus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 341. 1840.
TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Barbara, California:
Rance: British Columbia to California.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Suksdorf, July 15, 1890.

4. Psilocarphus oreganus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc 7: 341, 1840.

Type Loca.ity:.‘‘ Near the Oregon and outlet of the Wahlamet.”” Collected by Nuttall.

Rance: Oregon, Washington, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 32; Howell 284; Spokane County,
Suksdorf 932, 931; Coulee City, Piper.

Nuttall’s type in the Gray Herbarium agrees with his description and is the plant under-
stood by Dr. Gray. There is evidently some error in regard to the type locality, as the
only species found in recent years near the mouth of the Willamette is P. elatior Gray.

CENTAUREA.
Bracts of the involucre each tipped with a slender spine; rays yellow;
peppus oF unegtiel: brates oo 0 os secon eee eae a o.8 eae 1. C. melitensis.
Bracts of the involucre spineless, all more or less fimbriate.
Annual; rays red, blue, white, or violet; pappus present ........-. - 2 CO. cyanus.
Peronntal; raya red; pappus BOOB. <¢2 oa: seuss dees ca ceaoic tues 3. C. consimilis.

1. Centaurea melitensis L. Sp Pl. 2: 917. 1753.

Tyre Locauity: “In Melita.”

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 161; Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896;
Seattle, Piper, September, 1898.

2. Centaurea cyanus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 911. 1753. CorRN FLOWER. -
Type Locauity: Europe.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1270.

3. Centaurea consimilis Boreau, Fl. Centr. Fr. ed. 3. 2: 351. 1857.
Type Looa.ity: Angers, France.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hardwick 2390.

CNICUS.

1. Cnicus benedictus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 826. 1753. BLESSED THISTLE.
Centaurea benedicta L. Sp. P|. ed. 2. 2: 1296 1763.
Tyre Locauity: “In Chio, Lemus, Hispania.”
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 166; Colfax, Piper, June 28, 1901.

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 609

SILYBUM.

1. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 378. 1802. MILK THISTLE,
Carduus mariana L. Sp. Pl. 2: 823. 1753.
Tyre Locauity: “In Angliae, Galliae, Italiae aggeribus ruderatis.”’
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper in 1902; Vancouver, Piper in 1904.

CARDUUS. TuistrLe.

Dioecious; heads small; perennial by spreading roots .........-.---- 1. C. arvensis.
Hermaphrodite; heads larger; biennials.
Bracts of the involucre all with dilated fringed tips. .....-.----- 2. C. americanus.
- Bracts of the involucre or some of them with spiny tips.
Outer and inner bracts all with spiny tips......--.-.......- 3. C. lanceolatus.

Outer bracts spine-tipped; inner ones unarmed.
Involucre loose, the outer bracts nearly or quite as long
as the inner.

Heads clustered, short-peduncled; flowers pink..... 4. C. edulis.
Heads few, long-peduncled; flowers cream-color.... 5. C. remotifolius.
Involucre close, the outer bracts much shorter than the
inner.
Heads clustered, subsessile, leafy; bracts herbaceous,
not glandular on the back ............-......-- 6. C. foliosus.

Heads not clustered, peduncled; bracts coriaceous,
glandular on the back.
Outer bracts with spines nearly as long. --... -- - 7. C. ochrocentrus.
Outer bracts with much shorter spines.
Leaves canescent on both sides; flowers

MUG T (MUS de 6 ile eS ai ida eat 8. C. undulatus.
Leaves green above; flowers whitish... - - - 9. C. palousensis.
1. Carduus arvensis (L.) Robs. Brit. Fl. 163. 1777. CANADA THISTLE.

Serratula arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 820. 1753.

Cnicus arvensis Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 17: 130. 1804.

Cirsium arvense Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 126. 1772.

Type LocaLity: European.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July 1, 1895; Tacoma, Piper.

The Canada thistle is now well established in various places in Washington, but it pro-
duces good seed only exceptionally, and therefore its spread is slow.

2. Carduus americanus (A. Gray) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 508. 1901.
Cnicus carlinoides americanus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 48. 1874.
Cnicus americanus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 56. 1883.

| Tyre Locauity: ‘Rocky Mountains of Colorado.”

Rance: Washington to California and New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1888; Goose Lake, Fett 1097.

|
| 3. Carduus lanceolatus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 821. 1753. BULL THISTLE.
| Cnicus lanceolatus Willd. Prod. Fl. Berol. 259. 1787.
. 4 Cirsium lanceolatum Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 130. 1772.
TyPE Locaity: European. :
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, August, 1897; abundant in western Washington.

4. Carduus edulis (Nutt.) Greene, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1892: 362. 1893. .
Cirsium edule Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 420. 1841.
Cnicus edulis A. Gray. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 47. 1874.
_ Type cocauiry: “The plains of Oregon and the Blue Mountains ”’ Collected by Nuttall.

29418—06 M 39

610 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4000, 3963; Cascade Mountains, latitude
79°, Lyall in 1859; Sumas Prairie, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper, August,
1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2152; Beaver Creek, Whited 24; Nason Creek, Sandberg &
Leiberg 695; Conconnully, Whited 1315; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 143, 144;
Ellensburg, Whited 660; Blue Mountains, Horner 330.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. .

The roots of this species were formerly used by the natives as food.

5. Carduus remotifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 302. 1833.

Cnicus remotifolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 47. 1875.

Cirsium remotifolium DC. Prod. 6: 655. 1837.

Type Locauity: “In the valley of the Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas.

Rance: Washington to California.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 145; Mount Adams, Suksdorf
574; Yakima region, Brandegee 922; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 626; Fourth Plain,
Piper, July 10, 1899; Cape Horn, Piper 4963.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition.

6. Carduus foliosus Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 303. 1833.

Cnicus foliosus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 40. 1874.

Cirsium foliosum DC. Prod. 6: 654. 1837.

Tyre Locauity: “ Prairies of the Rocky Mountains.”” Collected by Drummond.

Rance: Washington and Oregon to Alberta.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1822 and June, 1893; Henderson 4275; without
locality, Vasey 475.

ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition.

7. Carduus ochrocentrus (A. Gray) Greene, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1892: 336. 1893.
Cirsium ochrocentrum A. Gray, P]. Fendl. 110. 1849.
Tyre Loca.iry: ‘Mountain sides around Santa Fe,’? New Mexico.
Rance: Washington to California and Texas.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper in 1896.

8. Carduus undulatus Nutt. Gen. 2: 130. 1818.

Cnicus undulatus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 42. 1875.

Cirsium douglassii DC. Prod. 6: 643. 1837.

Cirsium undulatum Spreng. Syst. 3; 374. 1826.

Tyre Locatiry: “On the calcareous islands of Lake Huron and on the plains of upper
Louisiana.” ;

Rance: Washington to Canada, south to New Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf 142; Golntabis. Valley, Lyall in 1860;
Yakima County, Henderson 2274, Wenache, Whited 91, 1173, 1271; Spokane, Piper, July,
1896; Almota, Piper 1823; Wawawai, Hull, June, 1892; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton
712

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran.

9. Carduus palousensis sp. nov.

Perennial, stems erect, usually loosely branched above, 30 to 90 cm. high, tomentose
when young, becoming glabrous; leaves lanceolate in outline, pinnatifid into 3 to 7 pairs
of entire or toothed lobes, early becoming green and glabrous above, persistently white-
woolly beneath, 5 to 15 cm. long, bearing but few prickles, the uppermost commonly simple;
head 3 to 4 cm high, often on Jong nearly naked peduncles, involucre hemispheric. its
bracts firm, Aosely imbricated in several successively shorter ranks, not ciliolate, all but
the innermost prickly-pomted, each bearing an oblong or linear glandular spot near the
tip; imnermost attenuate-acuminate and feebly armed or muticous, flowers yellowish

ee ee =

PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 611

white; corolla lobes shorter than the throat; pappus bristles somewhat clavellate at tip;
anther tips acute.

This species was erroneously referred to C. breweri (Gray) Greene in the Flora of the
Palouse region.

Specimens have been examined as follows: Silver Lake, Henderson 2277; Ellensburg,

_ Whited 558, 857; Pullman, Elmer 99; Piper 1589 (type); without locality, Vasey 477, 478,

Waitsburg, Horner 303.
ARCTIUM.

1. Arctium minus Schk. Bot. Handb. 3: 49. 1803. Burpocx.
Tyre LocALity: Germany.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper.

SAUSSUREA.

1. Saussurea americana D. C. Eaton, Bot. Gaz. 6: 283. 1881.

Typge Loca.iry: “ Mountains of Union Co., Oregon.’”’ Collected by Cusick.

Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2188, 930; Mount Rainier, Piper 2141;
Mount Adams, Suksdorf 573; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Monte Cristo, Misses Coffin
& Goodspeed; without locality, Vasey 550.

ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian

awk EL eee
2 - —

ADDENDA.

While the preceding pages have been in press several papers by Mr.
W. N. Suksdorf dealing with Washington plants have been issued, as
follows: Washingtonische Pflanzen II, Allgemeine Botanische Zeit-
schrift, vol. 12, pages 5 to 7, 26 to 27, and 42 to 43, 1906; Neue Pflanzen

aus Washington I, West American Scientist, vol. 15, pages 58 to 61,

1906. Material for only a few of many new species and subspecies pro-
posed has been available for examination.

CALAMAGROSTIS ANOMALA Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitsen. 12: 43. 1906. Mount Adams.

Related to C. scribneri Beal, but believed to be distinct.

Festuca REFLEXA Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 98. 1863.

This has recently been collected by Mr. Suksdorf near Bingen. It may be dis-
tinguished from C. pacifica Piper by the 1 to 3-flowered spikelets which are
all divaricate.

Festuca mMyuRos L. Sp. Pl. 1:74. 1753.
Lake Washington, Suksdorf, July 3, 1890. Easily distinguishable from F.
~ megalura Nutt. by the absence of the cilia from the lemma.

QUAMASIA AZUREA Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 547. 1899.

The only character adduced to distinguish this from Q. quamash is the blue
color of the flowers, an insufficient distinction in our opinion.

CoRALLORHIZA MULTIFLORA SULPHUREA Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitsch. 12: 42. 1906.

Bingen.

CoRALLORHIZA LEIMBACHIANA Suksdorf, op. cit. 42. Bingen.
Both of these are close allies of C. multiflora.
PIPERIA TRANSVERSA Suksdorf, op. cit. 43. Bingen.
RANUNCULUS OCCIDENTALIS LAEVICAULIS Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 15:58. 1906.

Characterized by having the stems glabrous instead of pilose, as in R. occi-

dentalis Nutt.
PHYSARIA ALPEsTRIS Suksdorf, op. cit. 58.
A new species from Mount Adams.
SAXIFRAGA PADDOENSIS Suksdorf, op. cit. 59.

From Mount Adams, said to be related to S. punctata L.
SAXIFRAGA FRAGOSA LEUCANDRA Suksdorf, op. cit. 60. Bingen.
SAXIFRAGA BRACTEOSA LEPTOPETALA Suksdorf, op. cit. 60. Bingen.
SAXIFRAGA BRACTEOSA MICROPETALA Suksdorf, op. cit. 60. Bingen.
LirHOPHRAGMA TENELLA RAMULOSA Suksdorf, op. cit. 61. Bingen.
LITHOPHRAGMA TENELLA FLORIDA, Suksdorf, op. cit. 61. Bingen.
VICIA WASHINGTONENSIS Suksdorf, op. cit. 59.

Based on specimens collected on cliffs near Bingen.

SANICULA TRIPARTITA Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 12:5. 1906.

A new species closely related to S. menziesii, but distinguished by the larger fruit,
which has only a very short stipe. The type is from Bingen, Klickitat
County. Seattle specimens, Piper 643, seem also to be referable to this species.

613

614 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

STEIRONEMA CILIATUM OCCIDENTALE Suksdorf, op. cit. 26. Bingen.
Said to be distinguishable from S. ciliatum Raf. by having shorter-petioled, less
acute leaves.
NAVARRETIA PROPINQUA Suksdorf, op. cit. 26. Spokane County and Falcon Valley.
A new species very close to N. intertexta, but with more dissected leaves, corolla
shorter than calyx, and the style only half as long as the stamens.
ILYS\NTHES GRATIOLOIDES DEPRESSA Suksdorf, op. cit. 61. Bingen.
OrrHocaRPus RARIOR Suksdorf, op. cit. 27. Falcon Valley and Spokane County.
A close aily of O. hispidus, from which it is said to differ by having a bright
yellow corolla and obtuse capsules, besides being less pubescent.
APHYLLON INUNDATUM Suksdorf, op. cit. 27. Bingen.
Allied to A. uniflorum. Its host plant is Coreopsis atkinsoniana Doug.
APHYLLON ARENOSUM Suksdorf, op. cit. 27. Type from Bingen.
The western plants referred to A. /udovicianum are considered to represent a dis-
tinct species.
PLECTRITIS CONGESTA ALBA Suksdorf, op. cit. 6. Bingen.
A white-flowered subspecies or form of Valerianella congesta.

ALIGERA MACROPTERA OBTUSA Suksdorf, op. cit. 6. Bingen.

ANTENNARIA RHODANTHA Suksdorf, op. cit. 6. Skamania County.
A new species unknown to us, apparently allied to A. rosea.

ANAPHALIS MARGARITACEA REVOLUTA Suksdorf, op. cit. 7. Skamania County.
Said to be distinguishable by having small linear revolute leaves.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

The following is a list of publications relating wholly or largely to
the flora of Washington:

Allen, Edward F. The Western hemlock. Bulletin 33, Bureau of Forestry, U.S.
Department of Agriculture. 1902.
Contains also a list of the trees of Washington and Oregon.
Ayers, H. B. Washington Forest Reserve. Nineteenth Annual Report, U. S.
Geological Survey, pt. 5. 283-313. 1898.
Contains notes on the forest trees of the region.
Cooper, J. G. Report on the medical flora of Washington Territory. Transactions
American Medical Association 10: 221-237. 1857.
Catalogue of plants collected in Washington Territory. Pacific Railroad
Reports 12?: 50-71. 1860.
Contains list of plants collected by Cooper, Gibbs, and Suckley, mostly identfied
by Gray or by Torrey.
The sylva of Montana. American Naturalist 3: 405-422. 1870.
Includes notes on Washington trees.

. Cotton, John 8. Three new plants from Washington. Bulletin Torrey Botanical
Club 29: 573. 1902.
Describes Glyceria lntifolia, Astragalus olympicus, and Orthocarpus barbatus.

A report on the range conditions of central Washington. Bulletin 60, Wash-
ington Agricultural Experiment Station. 1904.
Contains economic references to many plants.

Coues, Elliott. Notes on Mr Thomas Meehan’s paper on the Plants of Lewis and
Clark’s Expedition across the continent, 1804-1806. Proceedings Academy
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1898: 291-315. 1898.

History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark.

Contains references to many Washington plants, with detailed notes on the more
important economic ones. These notes are all by Lewis.

Dodwell, Arthur, and Rixon, Theodore. Olympic Forest Reserve. Twenty-first
Annual Report, U. 8S. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 145-209. 1900.
Contains notes on forest trees.
Elmer, A. D. E. New Western plants. Botanical Gazette 36: 52-61. 1903.
Includes eleven proposed new species from Washington.

An extension of range for Woodwardia radicans. Fern Bulletin 7: 9-10.
1899.

Flett, J. B. Some Washington ferns. Fern Bulletin 8: 40-41. 1900.

Notes on some rare Washington ferns. Fern Bulietin 10: 24-25. 1902.

The fern flora of Washington. Fern Bulletin 11: 79-85. 1903.

Gannett, Henry. Forest conditions and standing timber in Washington. Nine-
teenth Annuai Report, U S. Geologicai Survey, pt. 5. 26-42 1898

Has piates showing percentage c mpositions of forests in western Washington as
regards red fir, western hemiock, cedar, and spruce.

615

616 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Gannett, Henry. The forests of Washington. Professional Paper no, 5. series H.
Forestry 2. U.S. Geological Survey, 1902.

A detailed account of the merchantable timber in each county of the State and a
map showing relative density of stand.

Geyer, Charles H. Notes on the vegetation and general character of the Missouri
and Oregon Territories, made during botanical journey from the State of Mis-
souri across the south pass of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, during the
years 1843 and 1844. London Journal of Botany 4: 479-492, 653-662. 1845;
5: 22-41, 198-208, 285-310, 509-524. 1846.

Gorman, Martin W. Eastern part of Washington Forest Reserve. Nineteenth
Annual Report, U. 8. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 315-350. 1890.

Refers to many plants, especially trees and shrubs.

Griffiths, David. Forage conditions and problems in eastern Washington, eastern
Oregon, northeastern California, and northwestern Nevada.. Bulletin 38, Bureau
of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1903.

Incidentally mentions a considerable number of Washington plants,

Henderson, L. F. The Flora of the Olympics. Zoe 2: 253-295. 1891.

Gives list of species observed or collected in these mountains.
Holzinger, John M. Report on a collection of plants made by J. H. Sandberg and

assistants in northern Idaho in the year 1892, Contributions from U. 8. National

Herbarium 8 : 205-287. 1895.

Mentions several Washington plants, mainly from Spokane and Kamiak Butte.

Hooker, J. D. Account of the botanical collections made by David Lyall, R. N.,
F. L. S., surgeon and naturalist to the North American Boundary. Journal of
the Linnean Society 7 : 124-144. 1864.

Hooker, W. J. A brief memoir of the life of Mr. David Douglas with extracts from
his letters. Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2 : 79-182. 1836,

Contains many notes and references to northwestern plants by Douglas. This
paper is reprinted in volume 5 of the Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society.
Catalogue of Mr. Geyer’s collection of plants gathered in the upper Missouri,
the Oregon Territory, and the intervening portion of the Rocky Mountains.
London Journal of Botany 6: 65-79, 206-256. 1847. Hooker’s Journal of Botany
and Kew Garden Miscellany 8: 287-300. 1851; 5: 257-265, 1853; 7: 371-378.
1855, 8: 16-19. 1856.
and Arnott, G. A. Walker. The botany of Captain Beechey’s voyage to the

Pacific and Bering Strait in the years 1825-1828. London, 1830-41.

In the supplement are described numerous plants collected by Douglas and by
Tolmie. The ‘‘Snake Country’ specimens were gathered in the summer of 1837 by
a friend of Mr Tolmie, who conducted a party from Fort Vancouver on the Columbia
to the rendezvous of the American trappers in the interior of California, i. e.,
southern Idaho. ;
Howell, Thomas. Catalogue of the flora of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. 1884.

Contains a list of spermatophytes, pteridophytes, and mosses. A supplementary
list from Klickitat County, Wash., by W. N. Suksdorf, is added.

Catalogue of the known plants (Phaenogamia and Pteridophyta) of Oregon,

Washington, and Idaho. 1887.

Fiora of Northwestern America. 1903.

Contains descriptions of all the plants reported from Oregon, Washington, and
Idaho. Incidentally many plants are stated to range into Washington, in case of
which there is no definite knowledge of such occurrence.

Leiberg, John B- Two new piants from the northwest coast. Proceedings Biolog-
ical Society of Washington 11. 39-41. 1897. ; .

Describes Sambucus leiosperma and Delphinium viridescens.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. _ 617

Meehan, Thomas. The plants of Lewis and Clark’s expedition across the Conti-
nent, 1804-1806. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
1898: 12-49. 1898. *

A list of the Lewis and Clark plants in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences,
mostly identified by Robinson and Greenman.

Nuttall, Thomas. A catalogue of a collection of plants made chiefly in the valleys
of the Rocky Mountains or Northern Andes, toward the sources of the Colum-
bia River, by Mr. Nathaniel B. Wyeth, and described by T. Nuttall. Read

‘February 18, 1834. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,
7: 1-60. 1834.
**This collection was made wholly on the returning route of Mr. Wyeth from the

Falls of the Columbia to the first navigable waters of the Missouri.’’

Piper, C. V. New and noteworthy Washington plants. Botanical Gazette 22:488-

491. 1896.

An undescribed black-cap raspberry. Erythea 5:103. 1897.

Describes Rubus hesperius.

New species of Washington iene Erythea 6: 29-32: 1898.

A new violet from Washington. Erythea 6:69. 1898.

Describes Viola flettii.

New and noteworthy’ Northwestern plants. Erythea '7:99-104, 159-163,

_ 171-174. 1899.

New and noteworthy Northwestern plants. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club

2'7: 392-401. 1900; 28:39-45. 1901; 29: 221-226, 642-646. 1902.

The flora of Mount Rainier. Mazama 2:93-117. 1901.

A list of all the flowering plants known to occur on Mount Rainier.

and Beattie, R. K. The flora of the Palouse region. 1901.

Contains descriptions of all the flowering plants known to grow wild within 20
miles of Pullman, Wash.

Plummer, Fred G. Mount Rainier lorest Reserve. Twenty-first Annual Report,
U.S. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 81-144. 1900.
Contains notes on the distribution of the native trees; also a list of shrubs.
Robinson, B. L. Two new plants from the Cascade Mountains. Botanical Gazette
16: 43-44. 1891.
Describes and figures Luina piperi and Silene suksdorfii.
Seribner, F. L. A list of grasses from Washington Territory. Bulletin Torrey
Botanical Club 10: 63-66, 77-78. 1879.
Suksdorf, Wilhelm N. Flora Washingtonensis. <A catalogue of the Phaenogamia
and Pteridophyta of the State of Washington. 1892. Published by the author.
and Howell, Thomas. The flora of Mount Adams. Mazama 1:68-97. 1896.
A list of all the flowering plants known from this peak.
Die Plectrideen. Deutsche Botanische Monatsschrift 15:116-118, 144-148.
1897. ;
Washingtonische Pflanzen. Deutsche Botanische Monatsschrift 16:209-
212, 220-222. 1898; 18: 26-27, 86-88, 97-99, 132-134, 153-156. 1900; 19:91-93.
1901.
Washingtonische Pflanzen II. Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift 12:5-7,
26-27, 42, 43. 1906.
Two series of papers describing many new Washington plants
Zwei neue einjahrige Epilobium-Arten. West American Scientist 11:77-78.
1901.
Describes Epilobium apricum and E. fasciculatum.

ye > agit

618 ~ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Suksdorf, Wilhelm N. Eine neue Brodiaea-Art. West American Scientist 14:1. 1902.
Describes Brodiaea bicolor.
Ueber einige Nemophila-Arten. West American Scientist 14: 22-23. 1903.
Describes Nemophila minutiflora, M. reticulata, and M. erosa.
Neue Pflanzen aus Washington. West American Scientist 15:58-61, 1906.
Proposes new species and subspecies.
Torrey, John. Phanerogamia of Pacific North America. U.S. Exploring Expedi-
tion under the command of Chas. Wilkes, vol. 17, 1874.
One of the most important contributions to the knowledge of the Washington
flora. It is usually referred to as the Botany of the Wilkes Expedition.
Tweedy, Frank. Notes on the Coniferae of Washington Territory. Bulletin Tor-
rey Botanical Club 14: 47-48. 1883.
Wiegand, Karl M. Some rare Washington plants. Bulletin Torrey Botanical
Club 24: 343-344. 1897; 25: 208-209. 1898.
Some new species from Washington. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 26:
135-137. 1899.

a

GEOGRAPHIC INDEX.

Locality. County.
PATS VOU <2 sv eicxaca cee on Yakima
BITE WOSLU ee osc san Ue sos oe Franklin
Jt Fo, i Oe a a ee Douglas
STE E01 aa eae as King
PUNE. Ses Stok. Sac boos snow oe Okanogan
BENNO Seg douse oc weeds ees Whitman
Lge Ce Pierce
LYST 6 Uae eh SRAM ee Pierce
NRE ohn Se ncswa-cu tows Asotin
MIMO V OR 2 co. 25 onc cece - Yakima
2 a Douglas
Baker. Mount. 2...25.5.....--< Whatcom
Baldy, Mount.......... Peak in Kittitas
Baldy, Mount...Local name for Mount

Carlton
Baldy, Mount....-.-- A peak in Chehalis
MONRO CLOCK. a 5S ada nsenes Okanogan
miltingham' Bay .:....-..-..- Whatcom
MRNOUMRG~ Kcclvivcseclececcaa Klickitat
Big Creek Prairie........-....- Chehalis
Big Meadows...Ten miles SW. of Box
Canyon
RMI s cbuch pees cece cosas Klickitat

- Bishops Bar... - Snake River, Whitman

AUCH IAG ooo ote cl eee Douglas
Blue Mountains...Columbia, Garfield,
and Asotin

RM acta dane ci yale ec ad sce? Columbia

WMIURE Yoo etwas yak eces t Stevens

Box Canyon...Stevens, on Pend Oreille
River

BGM RUBE to zoes ca caGe eaceeotes Douglas

Bridge Creek... Fork of Stehekin River,
Okanogan

Calispell Lake. ...- Pec eee sean ee Stevens

Cape Horn... Post-office and high cliff
in Skamania

earléton, Mount... c6-s-s03 05 Spokane
SIAL LOCK co cas cc ctavesneases Cowlitz
Snapaca, Mount .....5.2.40<: Okanogan
ra OM OL aa eas caaeeeeeee Kitsap
EMRUATON ost aed ccs vowed es Spokane
RRNA So uss ver ceceeceees eect Chelan
Sela Bullies cuss osc cnak eens Douglas

Locality. County.
“Chelan Dakese se. sec seeacs Chelan
CHENOWIthi aoe eee eee sess Skamania
Chewelah ec. we eee Stevens
Chiquash Mountains. .......-- Skamania
Clarkston 2 eae eee se ose Asotin
Olatks Springss. oss cs<esu> Near Spokane
Clallam, town and lake.....-.-- Kittitas
Cleman Mountain.......-...... Yakima
Clemens Mountain -..-- Same as Cleman
Cleveland) :> 22sec ecer tenes Klickitat
Cold’ Créek 225 cece es oseicek Ss Yakima
Colockum Creek. :......5.2...+. Kittitas
Coltonics sone acedeceee eee ee Whitman
Colvill@s-2c fees ae ee Stevens
Colville Reservation... .. Okanogan and
Ferry
COnCONUY < vs, o<ubcesecccee Okanogan
Condon’s Ferry. ..On the Columbia, Lin-
coln
Connell 2 es oe na oe eae Adams
Constance) Mount2..2.<2 32.224 Jefferson
Constitution, Mount .......... San Juan
Copies dasare esccs tee iaweare oc Chehalis
Coppa: Creek: oo ce0cee oo ae Columbia
Coulee Citys 2-sese orca Douglas
Cow: Creeks .:22 8 ee een fee eeee Adams
Crabi@reék3-532-e se eee ee ce Lincoln
Craig's Berty 2.425 ous se Yakima
@rater-Lakez<.s 205: Near Mount Rainier
Crescent Lakers isos ae oe cseee Clallam
@ushman Waker. 2 “sense eee Mason
Davistakewr 225.5 5.eceee ae Stevens
Davis Ranch.... Foot of Mount Carlton,
Spokane
DAVIN Soo ee ees aGe as tee Columbia
DOBNBRG 3s Soe eee cee Adams
WOougias Citys acueses sew se Douglas
Duckabush River. <2.5...2..-2< Jefferson
aston sock sce eee eee Yakima
Hatonvilles.c 4: seen semise eeeet ees Pierce
Egbert Springs... Near Trinidad, Douglas
Ellensburg......... Saree nae aad Kittitas
DMQRUN Go FeGed Soo cae eee ase Franklin

Iiwha River sccescosecckcces ee Clallam

620

Locality. County.
WNGICGl =. 62 oo oe wo sees Whitman
Mntiat Rivero 5<c.s2 26s sow cons oe Chelan
MOUINOINW 2c ooo su es ose op newness King
BOM Ra sc oss Se cewie skew oeres Douglas
Burekas oc: 2-2 cee ac eee Walla Walla
verett:< 222-508 =e ck ae Snohomish
VGrsON! 2 cs eta ace Sate Whatcom
Hairhaven 2222. cssacccee Whatcom
Falcon Valley .....-.-.- Western Klickitat
Wishtieke cc eee ee Kittitas
Fort Obanogen sic. s.ssnsacsud Okanogan |
Nort Sime0els2 2 acs ene eee ee Yakima
Fort Vancouver ...-. Same as Vancouver
Fort: Walla: Walla: -w22<-22-<2<. Wallula
Hrontier 22/22c2. cs ccicee ek csscueses Ferry
Fourth Plaines.2o% << .5> ose aes Clark
GarnisOneci sis ceca ese ec seks Whitman
Gate City cose c ct seanss vad Thurston
(len W000 -2-nas oe eee eee Klickitat
Goldendale: s.2cc¢s%c55 5-22 se Klickitat
Granddalles -..3;% s-2ssaceesese Klickitat
Granville! 22322 coe eee See Chehalis
tava Merhorc. coax <css<ae ses Chehalis
Green River Hot Springs.......-.-- King

Goat Mountains ....Near Mount Rainier
Gulf of Georgia ....Northern part Puget
Sound, north of

San Juan
Gti vier ae oe ice t oes etece on Whitman
Hangman Creek...........-..- Spokane
Harmony. .os cu Gn crnes hehe ws ane Lewis
Farin GON e325 aes cesses Lincoln
Haven’s Ranch....Near Mount Adams,
Yakima
Hell Roaring River....--.. Western part
Yakima
TAQOUSHOT oe Sacre as se one ieae ae Mason
Horseshoe Basin... . -. Subalpine Valley,
Chelan
HOguiIaM 22250. Soc ccc cases eee Chehalis
Bamptulipe. 2. =. «0. vers ones Chehalis
Hunt’s Junction......-..... Walla Walla
Mas hove cee eecn eee seem ce bins Garfield
RIMMED? cc oe eco h a cence rene Pacific
MMe eee Sana nse sea wee Stevens
Johnsons Canyon .............- Yakima
SRRDAABIBNG ooo cele. cen meoses San Juan
DBNOUIE Sie cc's ceva a macces ese Franklin
BR acne ge acacaekesneeseet Cowlitz
Kalispel Lake......... Same as Calispell
Kamiak Butte..-... esbsaihsce Whitman

}
|

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

County.

Locality.
B.ellys Bar. «34 24-.2-\-0~ oe Whitman
Kennemick—-. ............ Yakima
Kettetas Valley ........ Same as Kittitas
KottlodWalle <<... cccc cus Stevens
Richolaa & 226 5c3 ace Same as Keechelus
PODS ane oa clea ews ee eae eG Yakima
Kiliskitat:River::.2:¢ -=4..%.224 Klickitat
Kittitas Valley... Yakima River, Kittitas
LaiGIAW. <2.co ssc tewsk ease Chehalis
Lake Park o..i<.- ont ee Pierce
La@KGVIOW 2505-5 ccc ote Pierce
BObaM: .~<4555 552 uC eae Pacific
LSMWAUD: sis.25hasewwoaeet nl oe Mason
Little Baldy..... 5 miles NE. of Spokane
Longmier Springs:.........-...-. Pierce
TOOMOIN 5 24 ose cd tenns abn ne Okanogan
Loop: Lak@ 2 ose.cce ca ees coe Stevens
Leper Island 2.50... .aee4 ...-San Juan
Lower Cascades ...........--. Skamania
EMO os alcuep ses a eeaw nce te Klickitat
MaDtOn 32 nck eet eee Yakima
Mair Ovreek. oh. cc2cesecnesae Klickitat
Manors s48 3050 oe ae coe es Clark
Marcus sc 2s ost cas et cena see Stevens
Marshall Junction ............- Spokane
Mashel Lake and River .......-.- Pierce
Maxfield. oon os o000sk cesses entree .
McAllister’s Lake. ............ Thurston
Medical Take on. cco ee Spokane

Menzies Island...Now known as Hay-
dens Island, in Co-
lumbia River above

mouth of Willa-

mette
Moyers Palinun.. vcs iveiw sconces Stevens
MillpPlam*s..ccce2 oascc ec nee Clark
Monte Oristo:. 22.3262. .caee Snohomish
Montesano... o..522+5 seiner cence Chehalis
Morgan’s Ferry...On Yakima River,

Yakima

Mores Lake: «2 s.27iscciepnacense Douglas
Moss Creek os cess ccc ues Klickitat (?)
MOOG: c2s6 ssc a xsoceswene eens Yakima
Muckleshoot«; .5.s<sccasadaccenes King
Nahcottarccc castes seceeleneere Pacific
Nason Oltyieios.ccs5 geeteecees Chelan

Nisqually River...Boundary between
Pierce and Thurs-

: ton

New-London:..c- si. 2.2c. nec Chehalis
NOW DOM... <2-~ssueees eee yeee Stevens
North -Yakima....s...524- oes Yakima

+ Pa

i el

GEOGRAPHIO INDEX.

Locality. ' County
Nooksack River........------ Whatcom
MMR Some ooh ook rad yt ae see 2 Chehalis
RPE fons Seva ao secco sence Thurston
Wmnen Laker ous. 5 <2 ..5. 32-8 Okanogan

PRODI ot lolcmedes le. . s e503 Okanogan

Opposite Clarkston...Bluffs of Snake

River, Whitman
Opposite Umatilla... . Crimea, Klickitat
Opposite Willows. ..PineCreek, Klickitat

Oresswealand oe oe ee San Juan
CO SSE Se ere Chehalis
Paddo, Mount.-.-Indian name for Mount
Adams
RRM Said ivclea ccs scales ces Whitman
PAVERS ioc lascchescescacesese Yakima
ee ON to Lincoln
ENT Stl IS aie ae Franklin
J) CAA USSR i Se a ee Garfield
BGOUG Te eho ac Socccc ces y se Spokane
merkine Oreck... i025 ssc. ce 5 3 Yakima
LES POST SR ea i a Chelan
LT RR Eo Whitman
ie eM Se es Garfield
PU AMROIIB .. .. wis oo ctinenneasas Clallam
Ore WTOSCONt,. -2 58 cece ssic ens d Clallam
MOE ANACIORNY v5.9 ncscwnine sss Jefferson
RIP EAICIGW ic:s, coeds once eos Jefferson
UA ao STS SS Sie sa ne a a Yakima
MIOEENIANY Wore 22 ho asc eee Whitman
RUNNER ato poet ude waste 0is's Pierce
ACU eh a ee ears Chehalis
TAG So dan 6 how de Saw aes owns Clallam
Rambow Halls =. 2... <2235.0.02- Chelan
BINOT oxen eee ec cuasursce Thurston
Rainier, Mount .....-- Pierce and Lewis
Rattlesnake Mountains .......-.- Yakima
PEON et cies Soci scan scs ct maces King
"oc DLE Sg pa Ferry
RSIEZVAUB soc a ais na eae Adams
Mock iULeek - osc cesses cue Whitman
iy Lk 1 ae ee Spokane
HOE RUA ROR esac k . onc aelcipe es oS Whitman
OGRIATC ach east aces ee sees Klickitat
ene, ee Siovea Se Kittitas
INL ce crate ety a: oi pieiaate Shoe ie eee Pierce
Salmon River.........- Blue Mountains,
Columbia
SRAIIEE RAM oS egg ok Binsin eS Skagit
Ban Juan Island .....<.......- San Juan
OBIS es aos rice tans ec eee cE Yakima
BLU ees heh tema Sean eso eeees Klickitat
Bentinel Blofis:<. 2. <<. ccsc sce Kittitas

621

Locality. County.
Shoalwater-Bay .. =. 2.2.-.-<..+.- Pacific
Silver Lake.s:¢.cqcseescestoscae Spokane
PAlyeron... <S'sccuss accseteses Snohomish
Simcoe Mountains.............. Yakima
Skagit Pass...:...Summit Cascade Moun-

tains, head of Skagit

River
Skokomish Valley... Between LakeCush-
man and Hood’s

Canal

Snipes Mountain.........-..--- Yakima
Snoqualmie Falls -...- Pea wader ee King
South Arbor ............-..---Chetalis
Pouthbendo5 co wteect es Sa ese kee Pacific
Spanaway Lake. ...2<<.:<......2. Pierce
Spang... sonnet sic oeese neces Spokane
TRING Seo SS tk wa eee eee Lincoln
Squaw Creekess 5 essences sas Yakima
Stampede Pass. -..That in Cascade Moun-

tains crossed by N. P.

R. R.
PUATOUCK sa Seer et cocoa es Columbia
Steamboat Rock ....High rock in Grand

Coulee, 15 miles N.
of Coulee City
Steele, Mount....-- Peak 7,500 feet, near

head of Skokomish
River, Mason
Stehekin......-. Town and river, head of
Lake Chelan, Chelan
StGUAGOONG cake some ss Sets ston alas Pierce
Rte MOURNE 4 rascauet secs rakaws Whitman
P|} 0) 1 = ee ape RAS CAS ds am Whitman
Stevens Pass... -- In Cascade Mountains,
crossed by G. N. R. R.
Stuarts) Mounties cess occeeac Kittitas
LEE 2. SE a cag ape teas Yakima
Sutherland) Lake 2c4.5 222 2a5.-2 Clallam
EDO a os pose ee Sek Yakima
Phot Beek. coco see cece ce Whitman
WIGUOMERINGD 2. sa ee oes Yakima
BOOMER: a4 2 oxo ene ewes Yakima
PLLOMIMER ROS goes <)a5 Sees te Skamania
Wakenon- Rivers oso. oe Columbia
Tamiya. Mount 22.6% «2c os ices Clarke
Tumtum, Mount....Near Mount Rainier

Tumwater Canyon.-.-On Wenache River,
below Leavenworth

EINES BWP 2) oc os ss 25-3 - 0 Okanogan
RODEN oo rica cee os ae cere ee Mason
NIIMGME BIGGS oo Be se ckics Whitman
Union bakes on jossscstesescscisae ce King

622

Locality. County.
WmMtanui 26 tao ee cee Kittitas
oper Cupcades ~ = 2. 6222055.25 Skamania

Upper Naches River... Branch of Yakima
River, Yakima

Wake 2 oe occ ee cae eee ewes Stevens
WANCOUVEL: =. 2225220 sen eee Clarke
WE RUBONTS <2. sce s. ote aae es Columbia
WrallavWalla-j.2 22.8. oe Wallawalla
WellUlia: = 2222 eee aaa se Wallawalla
Washington LARC: 2a 2c250-500'c000s King
Waisntucnn ito sees esos esse cc Adams
W GtOFVING 02 3-40. 2 soos ood eee Douglas
WOVONY +. soce os ec canucuesenss Spokane
WawaWalcs:: 25.5222 eee Whitman
Wenas:-s-5<. Town and river in Yakima

Wenas Creek___A branch of the Yakima
' River in Yakima

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARI'™™.,

Locality. County.

Wenache Mountains. - Ridge of mountains
forming divide
between Chelan

and Kittitas
Wenache River...Important stream in

Chelan

W O6U POPE ws. een cc cesadece ees Chehalis
Whidby Island. ....<.<isigesn sae Island
White Bluff Ferry. ..Columbia River be-
low Lake Chelan

Wihite-Salmon®. ==: = 2225.45 Klickitat
Wali sss cect = ee tts ae Lincoln
Whilnon Oreebes 5.5. 25..00-ckvscce Douglas
Woodlawn s-25 «2.534 = Thurston
Vakime Quy... ws cxesuavdacee Yakima
Velm: Prairie... <<sc ween deieoce Thurston

= aril notaries ye ae

INDEX.

(Synonyms are in italics. The principal account of the species of any genus will be found on the page

or pages following the genus name.
secondary references.)

Page

MOVADO oP oe Poy s aS boli cesacdascacsvess 93

MUN ne Cocchi oe ce eee os deacs es sete 12,58

PURO r28 io oop ash oeecssseesseas note A258

MEMIOORNDR hon pce Sonos. os sicn's fox aads 60

NUMER Phra 8 Oe to So cabs semceneee nad 12
(ON Es ROIS See ee Ee 244

MER IMAG is Dati ioc fas Sea ioe Uses vtec tos 47

WINVOHR ER. o tics cteuds os cco csbceste de 47
NES LEE oe le! aA, To se er eee a 385

PUGEPODUVINIO i540 cc ae ccenie cnc bse= sieae 42
CODES TRS SA ne a a 385
PRREIMUD Satie Son OE ee tacos. Mee wees oes alae 584

TISHIGIONUTEY 9) occ 5:4 ws aio alee vebic vee ne meg e.cels 58
MVS 2Ioo op Soe ccdavet stews costes sceiesees 283
EDNMEEI VUE oon ooecis ete cnc Yocccscreecndss 344
DRPOMI coo DI Le oa niva a rela wainec ces ccstanie 282
EMOMIINL ING OE Sad waicin'ay cicic scie-sjers sion wisidsissice's' sic 282
MONBDH Toh ores nee a hols act Cadi te neescek 278
Adams, Mount, botanical collection. ....... 19
BMAOTS CORBUG 525 cccnasc tes ensce cae 49, 83, 192
PRIROUDCOASION osc sick a asia ¢ e's ca vice ainsives cess 607
PGI ONGBUODTRG Ce ooo cle ciasicns so gsiees ew aaw see's 518
PN IOMAANID o> thins coc ake sca eiae dee Stele oes mle 78
PRAM BOUE . oo tas ne cave ce reek aagenedcewces o 489
PAR Pee ivan sa eRe ee eine ec eitie en's os 541-545
AS PRAM OER xa 0's Salo so wialsisiva/snlocsiecsws'sesccicos 335
MAAPISISEV EONS 25 spite sok 4. ot cee HOSRS vena te ceee 146-149

MOIPELUIDS vec cots osc ot ce roasts sines cea 48
APESSMLENA ING conn ceca eae dees vege serie ste ome on 256
AMEOMIAMORG sree ance ec anes cated asec 102
PRR RORLING sol crs's <tele stuiciciss ce wai sea eet wis ese 118-121

WOUSSUGs = iets cs chsen ses oak Rs haGe uo S geese 62
ETERS yaa ns lates Seed ts Keo eauisd ope caceecs 121
IZORCGRO I. PF enced re an kode San ot ee cake 245
PIRGRE COUR Le cco oisc ecicc cones oss decae ae cone 91

MORUNOL Aare tes one cee cece eeaitees lack 439
PCHONTNG 32 ccypaecins cs foc cceeeucecee aes toes 335
PUGOU x siine canis bee eeee by oe eee tee Uete ek ewicee 219

FOC Cepcr enka sooo se tnat es we eeoaseenee 42,219
ANG os saeco cesc ree mey chon atch oe wasieteees 363
MENTE Rea ea iekue eit sexcee-tiens ec emees es 380
INTENT Cc tarde ce ea ine Hoslsaveawick co asco eee once 533

Macroptera obtuse... ..2555.-2-.02-0<5 614
JN LOL seas Sea peat Pe SI ge eae nt ee 100
WMIESHNCCRO's GS cn cuts trae ns ccecGabels cease 100
Allen, O. D., botanical collection........... 19
PAG 5h seed EE ea ny TE PICT 187-189
AMOCATY GS... 23.c2006% BG std Saray cha ob eagew views 485

PROLISIRDA Shen neead oes St dese 44
MERADLOMM Cos N75 nasi Seek odes suse eele ols, 435
MOMMONGIAINUY 25 2c nceuss ve cca set cokes snes 348
RIS ai onc cses asus oNccs cadee sausacess ae 219
PREG DOCUTUG sc ccc cick savcecuses MOOT erg tN)

The few species names entered in the index are followed by only

Page.

Alpine fires: scssectss saccaa sash setae. nace a 93

MONMOWEES Sos Oe Soc cb eac Seales os 33, 35
BARIKGI COV ORS ccetck tte si eee cee cee ome 361
AISING oo eo) oe ie eee oh acne ake shel seres 257-259
ATV ASUM ca ore se ec ence eee oe cue st eenees 287
AMADIS AT 3222 or eee onsce caeee Docc ower 93
AMSrAN GO family cc gece weecar ascent sesese 244
AMATANTNACHRE S22 66s SsSdasaiatedce sats ess 244
AMATANCHUS Tee rc scck oe ceer soe oc ase 244
SASNDTOSIA ns oo hes ce cis ees Senos ona eeee aoe 551
ATMDIOBIACRRO oe otic sp ctsee piece ce sees 550-552
PITNOIATICHION 3 ot es soe aiiclee come saews 345

Cusickil sos 2<% tes diese ascsscs cise scccauee 49
Ammannias cs cece ck seek ce cles ok ee ucese 398
AMMOGONIRG = Soin coc cccceoezcereesecashese 260
AMSINCKIAW Soe aie iw ncw ee tesa vonewoouve 480
AMV PGRIACORG blo ic Sees bcinws ocuis kis sn cee caees 348
AN@CRTEIRCEAD, 22 cae cccc -cawe sae cewacetosces 383
AMACHAYIG So. coeds oe oe sce oes cece aaceinc sete 101
ANA DNALIG. 25. oacs5cst eats scee pet emenete 606

margaritacea revoluta...............-.- 614
Ancestry, relation to distribution of plants. 33
ANOMONGS 243s Seer ce oscene es etces Sees ees te 267
ANGQOUCRY. close coe ae ce Cee ceces pe eteeicae 418

Henderson 2525. s costes seeker noeses tees 47
‘Anogtan ci estce osc aces ec a mcetiens Soe 407
Antelope DIUshc.ecie eects sees ees oee 36, 345
AMPeONNATIA =< 5c sc. ssi vs tassecoccce se eecs 601-606

THOGANODG a loses cs ees ieee seers 614
AMUGHOMISS cos setosce sect seks ce ase oteet ess 585
Anthoxanithnunr...cccsoce scae ee cee see wee ee 106
ADNYNON Se eecsteasckar ceca oece dace sete se 521

RVEHOSUM CS 55. c5 cseccdeecscssemscsesnes 614

COMOSUM Soins cca esse see ee seeks 44

INUNGALHIN sa sion cecociee teases eo sence 614
IADIACOAD it tee co Sete tees ace 413-431
A PLOVA DINU as! isyss:0 siscisin coe sieis sislsiciale's's eos 559, 560
ADOCYRACORO Sac c ac sce keane seins ce seein 452
APOCVOUM Soc oor sccacecee erect e aces 452
AppA TOMY 7 8 cans wesecs saccevecscesaeee 345-347
MONTHOINA Ze oceans = sews ances Saracureninece 278

AORMOGSE. Joos. cos dcnc ose cc ee scar sen ae 58
MTR DIB SS cee cccd cae b aca: Oe e name es 291-295
ASHCORGS fas ccsiiyiek oad cade scecice csc areancehls abrir 4
AYACANOS 25.2 .scc3cess Sheet a) aera smmicjce aki 367
ATQUAR SR code Vasa cower wepens soeaseoesseen = 412
ATGUACOROs so acientaiccsccace- se owete eaee Tous 412
ATOULORS, vitescon oo se scanisarccmecerassescicas 437
MTCHUINOOIIN. -%:. 65c5 52 sak ce ecias joceewe sees 222
Arctic life zone, altitudinal limits.........- 36

CNATROTER. 36) 22 eect cease csaace ise aaiee 34

MOURA crac pas acts bcos recancoen tan eiecins 62-65

623

624 INDEX.
Page.
Arctic life zone, species in Cascades, ete... . 7: |) Borgia. -....5< 2 <0<ssugascevesnmene besten ene
Arctic-Alpine species, distribution. -.. ~~... 63-65: | Bermuda grass....<..2<c. Soci csaccgeecketes
AVOUT 3 5 = oo doc co ere aceon s sn isksceecesee G11 | Berula> ~).. 2cccccccscconswoccnscccuseeeeees
Avetostanhylod<.. 2: -2522--c20 ss cs eh cee enna 437) | ‘Betula - 2... se. secs cenccascteskpunssusee
AVON YR os eos oo os Se ee ein eee a etme 260-263 Plandulosasc.c-..c55 scgctSwensencueiee
AenCING 20 2 ns a naee See ete ee 341 micropltyila << 2. 5 p< sececssecsstnaguade
Arid Transition area...........--- $1°35,36,.47-5) |) Betulaceae@.<-2225.5<2.55 2a ssaaceusaes soeree 218-220
MOTE ee rn ese same ease tae 51-53; | ‘Bibliography... 222.5 .--- waceteenah<ewacee
ATintidan © oi coos se ied et eess sae eee 107; |} Bidens 222 foes cc he acccsleeecspacaancteecne ae
ATintoloC@niaceae. « o=5 5 a0s<0 ssa stcnsessese «ic 223) | Bigelow. coos ccue cece Tc etuka weed cORwEAeeE
BUUNCR en oes ia fons a2 duc Dh dsca ange stnk 590-593 | Bikukulla............. . cot ohepe cane tea
‘Arrhonatherum >. 22225222222 50s <2450502 522: 121.) |) (Bind W000 - 5% 2.2 2cs 5c ce< caawethaeeeeteas San
ATTOWNEAG + 2220.54 s conic ose sa ese scene p ees 101 | Binns, F., botanical work in Washington . .
etontiaia 3502502, 00s kas fee ae tases 586-590 Binhicscccciccccn aes ote aces ea ae ieee Gene
tridentata: ooo.6- cee cocse te ceSene=2 36 OWAEE. 02 oxiccsc ecuador detetews ROteen
PIGIAS Foo eee eee eaten 3 49 WBMNY. oo ents kegs btnns ace ecnssseeee 218-
eA MUM any eo 5 sees eee oe eee casinos 1?77.| Birthwort family .... 2.00.2 ce cc oe
APONCUNS oe on en oe ee eee pet ee ne 332 | Bitter cress.......- SstQaeivkas ene sew ead Hee
ARAYOUN ee snc oes ee enn eae tee ee een ce 223''| \BICtOrToOt.w/o554< so ess oc anencteeancvapeken
CRUGALOIN oe oo oe jcc ectcee ast sexe (1 (Bittaraweets, <5... cccee ccestumenc eee cere
Asclepindaceae: 2. <= ...22525c-.s5-+-5-e> 2s 453 | Black hemlock ..- 20.2: J22.55.-.bscnn eect
Asclepige s-% cscs cece ccc ceec citer ss--<=3 453 WHUIWUALG Son's seis ona sn econ desoos vegetal
Ash mountain. 2 ...0-222s- se0st-6 oe se == 347 DINGS. so, oe ee panee ceeuss tee eae ee
RBI: OTORON = hace ois ae oe ee Sarees 449 sage, distribution... ..,.-....2<<s.ccue)
western mountain. -.; 22 --5.--52c5-- s+ 60 SUNAOWO! se ck cas ce csd.55s.onden sou eeaae
(MODATAGUNS< cco o soso ee cece eo ve 202 | Blackberry, evergreen.............-...eeces
NOON Y heehee ee Se mace oh ob pecaee nae 40;217":|| ‘Blackoap = <<5s.25sceseses 03a ei eee tae
BSPETURO oc lns.25 son pacace «or sete nana eras 416° |" Blagder fortti2. 8 veciae te ois eoneaatta see
A EHOLUIE oe sce che Late cuccetems eee anaes 80,81) | ‘Bladderwort... 2. 2c... <cccc--.s0205+20senere
Aaplentamis: cs ccess cee sn coese cee see ee eens 80 | Blepharipappus..... sense a agecatwie kha
ABODE cose ces eec ene reser deaks Weed oes ar 570-575: | Blessed thistle o.. 260.0 sec das cewe nd saci tee
CONSDICUUS. 3.0 <> os secs een eee cees cies 44 | Blite - ic ccc cass i cdcssatedesbaeetesscuseeesae
PANY. none cece ae ese te copes et aces BS2-61T | ‘Bile. oes iitevss se cstecngecsvoevisgs ers
IA BLOTACORG 2 2-5 Sees n too s 5505 csc eesin sees 652-611 | Blue bunchgrass.................sass04 ecole
File) © eee ern aH A re rie 368 | Blue Mountains, botanical features, ete. 70,71,72
ATHY TIUD Gros ote nce ee bvens ss cn ems 80 botanical collections by Douglas. ...... 13
ACH VGANUS: 2565640545520 coe sae retin swe eo a 306 location and character.................- 26
ACTIples son. eee ete ascot saae ccs pecans 241 |, Bluebell family: .. o.2 00. sccccettnsceeneee 535-537
AMDB concn sw orecincsear ssh aeness (beans ABS! (BINGDBETY): cc. 32 Sank vets eas ses asetere 49, 442-444
ANODE ao ccrcccccsse ter sens teat hetee soe eae as 123 PAMNY 2.02 ct cues scct>cavanvarmecewes 442-444
IAVODOROIS Sac e Snes sosela ew sae ctec ea ee 103 | Blue-6yed grags. . << :...22-ssccccseeaoseeeane 203
AVOION S. Soc cock oa2 ce Sak ates oee cee swan ess 68) | BiGeerana os oc cccececkh ssc cessees Ponin Santee 128-135
AV OUR neste secs Na sesh cee lice saws cee HA i OGRE 5 ac uiylce as oo acvele Senet ot Soe eee 148
Bogs, sphagnum......... PE et es 46
ACMA BITACIIB. 2 2. . Sccnis clos ae ssw te oes 4 |. Boteduvalia. o 5 oc. sac ccc dccsesscg tse Goatees 410
Balin cseese2cot Sisco sense cee sees vecesecees 493 |) “BOIADGYe << 2225236205 sscedccsceas soe eeeeaal 310
Baleami family c2t2st sec eee. 386 OVOGOTA . . nos os Soe c sos sweeten ee eee 67
Balsaminaceae (See Impatientaceae.) Bolellasit. 3 5.32 cefecissce ei nase xnaseeeeee 537
Balsamorhizas. ooyicc sca ws se sea sseneaee 590) | Bouteloua..< < joss sscic -<c-5 oc scedese acest eee 154
SRILA CR rer fie ae octal sera tiad cso 48.|\ Borage family... ...25.2+--<- som caen daa tew 472-486
IBANODOITY:2 5 yee sa ooicee ore eee seseree ee 278.) BOTRSNGLORS: 6 css cn ost sou teseassccenak 472-486
BOTOGT ON Fe oan ee ote os in nee ences cnicexee 903: Boschnigkla...2. 5. ..022.<+~.asaesesosneeee 522
Barberry stamily sos. ccc iocciccee ones ece 282-283 | Botanical explorations in Washington..... 10-20
Watley s Wallon e- sec dac eters. oer a tee aes 149°) Rotrychium |. <.:..4 goss 7-.ereencsoseeee eee 83
Walter cates ai ar cute eu oe OAS 149 | Bottom Jands, Western Washington....... 42.
BSIMVATO SIGKEY, 7.2. 2oes oe es ens te otice 105%) BYACKGR cw 3 onasecn AA. dacs eae nee tar hee 41,78
Dacrachini sos. asus coe. ceases see seeese 270 | Brackenridge, W. D., explorations......... 15
FOORAMTMVIDY she's ohoc cue e sitet one oases! 349-378 | Brandegee, T. S., botanical collection. ..... 18
Bear grass..... CRY Tee re Sictaecet ea 60") Brasenia <2 sis022-2.ccscics. seach ceveseaaeee 264
Beattie, R K.. botanical work............. 19°| “Brassica... 35. cosctetecessa letnesat tatematan 301
PRSRIDAIMNIAN =H 56.055 aces tec ee ence sora 145 |, Brassicaceae. .....<....r.ccces Ossiecey see 285-307
POCO SAIN Y ci gizs Se oiceblae ss sees: wis sce 220) Brickenta:. <0. ces even ss tis snake Caneel 556
Yorn .\.:.... Boh Oaks sein ssa seeianaese ses 77 | Britton, Nv Ul. 22.2425 cists eon ceeoe ieee 6
SPRRELITICRKD ioe ooo Ae vse cs aeons eccseds 878) Brodiaes 0.3. .4s405 25. 00 agaes aa ane 189
Berberidaceac...............-... iets aes 282-283. |, Brome QYass. . «2. 22scas-s0sb00scancew sede 141-145
OM horis Jon soc cucae ceo sos-saccege sees sss DRO) it BrOMUBS.< 222: exc soanscuess sie ye dan pea een 141-145
NETVOSS...,....- Perea pccinctcwaeeesooeses 41.| Broomrape family .....2..2..2stss<cuassiem 521-522

INDEX. 625
Page. | — Page.
TOWN, SLOWATAGON soo. c Secs c eee casens 6 | Carex macrocephala ..............-- Sous 47
OD SG EER petits BM cee ee eae BST MREDCL WOO o- 2 > 3c se icatalockucine ses gases 245
MOONY So cre Bans aNd dle Beka ae cies ¢ Bie AL EOb, Wilds doth See cls eames valzaedgacer 415
OTS DTS Red ad ae Bake Ara Raa SP GS) CANUN, sioio 8 Sua ee cade doen ere sigene ease 426
PM GNOLH ANY 2. oro enka seuss ee 386-388 gairdneri, value and name...........-.. 4
puck wheat family .:..2.. 2 ..5.s.eeecteees 224-239 | Caryophyllaceae. (See Silenaceae.)
ce TEES 5 2a Sg ESN Se 397 | Cascade Mountains, physiographic and geo-
ag eI Bo ie a gs a a 241 Jogi features = osc odec een eteaae ee 22-23
EMER AMINS oe. Bis Gog ites ccd seston ciate sae 92 HOV aon: See assetar atures ees 72
MARIE OS Me Sn tcc lsat tds aan avsend 609-611 | Cascades, northern, plant species also in
Bunchgrass, bunchgrass prairies .......... 48 Blue: Mountaitis=6 56.6008 25s oe ieee ee 70
Bunch-flower family .........-...--.--.--- 195-198) | Cascata ‘Sagrada so o.3. 62. wacus ss deseaae neue 386
PRION GE hig os oso - Sens onan e nde eee 2637] ‘Cashew family. :—-.. 2: ..2.coscsceseetaasceca 383
COAT RRR a ail ac pada wean: os OR A MOSSSlONOr es. scsssk sen Jona basin Seeman ne 438
LENORE AE Soe Se ae ee 611 Morbensiand =... 46.2554 sceess en Sey Shed eed
TS 8 ES at SRC Sa Be en a 903° x Castanopsis,.-o.52so60e2 ciccnacentoeeossetes 220
PSMFELOT=A DUR BOP Ss). S. icca scan ses ceaccaeeee AOS” Wy CAStielae 23 cnseccenawsnsewacces asec gees 513-516
PRGEONERD OR otecles Nios odes octewsar ene 62, 270-277 angistiOllal: 2s Assncte os lonwence cease 58
PAE aie die fgo3 ree eco a gees kn = 265-282 BUDBPOCLOS':. S34 -eacnse acer an nncae 515
Buttle, John, botanical collection.........- 17 Miniatac. fes:c ce ap sesso técseeeaaee ss 58
OTOOPONG nosso sys ihe cco ce ewac de eee 62
IREARDSIADSI. oe Soe cht sccz eto eon ees fon aT: VOORONOY es. taeea sees kas ote seen 252-255
CUED ESTES Sg hy Sa aE San oar 6044) (Catnip so7 nies None wie eaten eee 489
MMEMOIRONT ES ts, V5 Ves Ss va ence seats PrGO:| Catbaltes teens geen eee eee een seine 95
ACTS IE eae ee ns ae ee! GOs Ca ealisy. Ae sare ccmece Atcwa pene ec aeeeee 416
ROR ORCDBO Es Gi Nos foci okce nse ocescedeccned 806.) Ceanothus. .23.7 ote eeces bee ese eee 387
CEE el Sa a 397 SANANINGUBS & Hoe Cos sess! hace oo tee ee 50
Cactus family..........-.- aaa aaaes aes 396 WElUtiNeS Js siceodc ccs eben co senes sees 51
MMI MEDIA fore ovo n apse swe aden oe PUASTIR: | (CORR AIGAK Als cic tees doch acon weederee sale 69, 91
LULA Sa 8 IO 2 Ee See ee aa 47 (70% 0 Ree a, AP Rehan ER PY Sp UME ge 71,91
PROP SS CRA Lee tele c ics ene cke socws 613 MGUOW: scmeacde co each ce eee eee 91
PRIAMAPINIG. @ 5.5 oon cvaccecacsstaee: ee ees 247'\'l| COlBSETACeae soe o2s2- 2c dene ckcas Somer tht 384
California element, Arid Transition species. Bl Celery tam ys, ce Senet bb osc canes tm 413-431
Upper Sonoran species................. SRHMUGILIA! Cos se iccnes te ete cotn: Sac tes hes hate ten 221
California, Upper, use of name............. 10: || ;Ce@ntaires 2.0.55 eases ec eeee Peete 608
PEMA OC PHO 5.2 rece ceric cacccvasnenk wees anos) Gentaurion =. i-7.2.ccsun 2Sccc aoe eens 449
MOMISICRDSS << occas secu .ac268 Mal ccna’ Sus) Contunewins it saw ce eae cee enema eqees 447
ROMANO to oe og gn ot unc caik we wy 108-196" || Cophalanthera sc. .-.2< 5 esis slosacadc sca 206
SPRAGUE Sec hihi O ny Giaa Pek sn crese a ganegs Qi \“Coraspymaes cess 25a 5a bse stoa ssc eetcs ease sees 256
OCTEST EA Ua ee See a 47 \* Ceratopnyilaccne:.. 222256 sacceses seve nmees 265
TESS SE er oe ee a 62-1) ‘Ceratophyllum. 22 2i2 5 bs te2 Shes e caee ee 265
RrsrnTIDOE Sache ete = ah os ois awa ok ie DE eae weebs 207. || COLCOCAT PUG). hs sie wesw ou oss wes <k <ees .- #46
REE RIS Serge cra chte o. os Beia/s Shs a akc bid \cjsieekiw sue'e 10D is COLOPCOTIB Ss oSeciccice aves aee: see c es eee te 76
COLTER i lp ee 10ts'|) Cheenaetis so5 5 oso tag sacs el ccesen sees 583
POMBE Mis oo oa cok cs Oak ccc wceacete 300 Oheetochion <7 6c. 2835S ee ee ease eae 106
Camp Chopunnish, botanical specimens. ... V1) GRAMRROCY PANS seo ocdes es cecccecaos enacts ous 91
Campanula.........-.. SE Soro RCN ene 536 NOOURALONSIS 2B ifey oso 0. seescs sceuee sae 60
MOONS ot ee ne ie ape deawedslecwous ss 66 | Chamisso’s shield fern..................---- 41
CSSHBGUINACORG) 5 2.525. Sic Ges csesicccee 685-537 | Chamomile: pardon: 2.2.5.5. ccccucccecce ns 585
ERMAN eM Noe wes) d os Sao wines oan a wide oe’ 303 | Chapman Ronald, botanical work......... 19
PMR SNUORTHRS = Sac vecaue se ccndceneecke 130;\| (CHANOCKT si Roe aon coe vcecesteeaneonane 301
ENE Gee ay piste de heise yon ues debe CO0U | CRA ee ieee tre rcsn ocuciers to vchivevuctss 145
Canadian life zone. ...: 2... ces esse. 85 3658-59: |) Chollanties aso sc: occ acca eicceccccs dees 79
MMU S TASH... : <p case Sev si aie ccduwieswceess 106" | SSONCLORO Rs fern aie ones. see ssa ace h cla ssa = sass 503°
Canby herbarium Washington plants. .... 18 | Chenepedinvedoe.......-. cs .. .2 se ees. tae 239-244
BRM ATY. 42s cain hase tne ee Seslea ses S07) (ASR ORGUUIED is fo cea sacckedececs uses erase ake,
DEMERS 2 © 2. a tees aoe noe bs ad eis S 284 | Cherry. wild. ....... Eek Saree Saas 348
MUPRAIRE 2 = os oath ote cnigunis= stare cones esas 467 | Chickweed ........... eligi siete eR ate 257-259
HOSUR Se sitccant.cve ce ae¥sslaws Suenos oa BD: 1 WOR IOT A SC frac d mwrgiatg cians ns, e's Se dscueetinale 538
Oo Ete EY 0 oY Ra esa SOL ECOL U IBMIUY 2. a's dis oie 6 5S cicreeeises oa Sama 537-549
apritoliaceag: - =<...) sip sae cece -- eect 528-539; MO Dimap ila fess c.6cce <=. iscens ates ec need 432
RUNG Ede So Acti daa dco ccedca yas ustherabe 146 | Chinooks, description . ................--.-- 32
RRMMIEROL G Sick sn leto Na diana whit y c ooicie RG PA ree * 303 | Chlorideae .......... Sek wbundeseudenste cmoee 104
BCCI S024 ad aise cater ches csckcekewe 289-209 JcChokechetry. . 5. -.....0. 0. cece eee e cen cn ces 348
PRUNE ie cos. Shae Loa cen spec apa itakionta te COD PASROMFETINO Hoc: oo 5... conecencas-cacsescene 239
RMN fads 2a ai ucinie Saou mene Soba Sac ee tee IMi-177 ||) ehrvpanthemuimn, ........22..2.2--22-ne- 25 5e 585
Diy PVOCRIDA tae. eo Sckw sacs teed abommead Tt LORE EP MONG 5 Sct oh ve onic cces teva ce cheisses sic 557

626 INDEX.
Page.
COP YRORDNMEEN <5 co. ot oa a'siecane sascanese 318 | Corn Bower. ..< ..0.00.0. 25.0055 Sanuaeee ewe
RE VSOREATANGS «6.5 i. - ona 2 2860s ees eee 558 | Cormaceae . ......-...-- oeennvesnaw seats ane ne 431
MATRON ooo ss ooo wae sang aac aah eins 36} Cornel, dwarf...........<5<.05 sss sacs Dee oneee 58
MROMCIOTUS 5 orra es 6 SE goss alata vec 36 WeAtEIN 65... 55 - e225 ee sae eb as ASO 42
RROMOLINEORG co ora pcoueeeoecstsseeeueswseis 557-540 | (COTAUB. <. s.50cs engi sing sscnotcceatentswencrae 431
MEMAMITATIND oo os hic or cas cascetoeese seeks 538 CBNAGENSIB < :¢).5..5<0 cess <pykat en eaneee £7, 57, 58
RAG se cen. ee eet fo ane eee soe esesee 426 occidentalis. ...... ante iwwesk neon eeoee 42
Ves DCT op ne ere 278) | Corydalis, 2:52. .225-..i4s~i doa eekasees toeee 284
GIT ons eee c eow acs eee e eeee eat eGes ape 113) Corylue: cuca nccccw nc wccns cd ene ate a ica oeee 218
RIMNUIMON Gyo J.ais on eS Mesa aesstseseceeg ares 62. Cotton, John S., botanical work............ 19
ARCOM Gan ene a aicit ae ee ce ccaies ees see cee os 309 | Cottonmrase:, . 622. Nasecacnd-ctohaecbaa® 46, 158
CIsdothammMus ..<). 05s 0 oss soecssseecesis ee 442; | Cottonwood)... ...2.<.22--cscgahasaceep ee 42, 49, 217
oS Pe ae SpE eee Abe pty oa her Fee reer 401) | Cotiila sicsccccwae Joss 'ce cn5cWeas Reece eee 586
MIR RROT 2 Nome oye is ones cv sacerss sexs 248-251 | Coville, Frederick V . ....0...0.0<iesestp cece 6
Mlematis.: <3 oiccecc cs. Sec cedets cacisas casks BBG. | Cow COOKIO. 55 5.5.5. cscs ccdcacaresccuses eee 256
ONGOING! oa oa sas poate he snase sce dascesenes 7 | DATED «oo coco s wats y oi dae cate S34 ieee 417
Climate, remarks and tables. .............-- 20-28. | Crabapple: s\ipaesess itvccncccape cnaapeee 42,347
GUM tonia:. 3. ocs.025055 22 50ess ences smastscees 100 | Crabgrase.. .. 22.22.6560 00cse- cnc duceey saeco eee
Cloudiness, Weather Bureau statistics ..... 29 | Craig Mountains, botanical collection by
CIOVORS.cassrsulactarcansv esos sRacsudy soe 358-363 Douglas 2 cc. cccecascsseevaiccs-eosaweee 13
BIBIKG 3 eho eke conetea ss nas stuge soaks $61 | Cranberry, Weate8rn «<<. ....5.+e5050secnuhue 46, 444
DUP) cactcy soc seesw nos etcsc cass eedy cans ae SBS | Craesulaceae .......seccsdsccccousobtece tues 308-310
TADDIt- 10062 ow 2e ok cea ae oa cower ences 962 | Crataegus. <6 .cs.cecsscecsockvcesvs stent 346
POU 5. ooo seigs scekenseev torsos sataesecsee H | breviaping.. we.5 i cisccwoavsctens dt yorase 49
RWOQb oss sce dan ot eersads ree cteceuaeoes S68)'.)\ Crees, bitter. 2. cc oeeus cosy dsc oesseew ds eee 303
WINGO Son. nc secures tec ttat oaakaeantesens 361 | POND Y 5.5500 6252 csct aes yeewstess eae 305
CIODINOBE 2). escuss tence cs sass eeeceod v4 seks 86 | TOOK. s cece ssp ss ceases ent isak wee eee 2091-295
MRUQUS fc soU 5 cei ec coon tabs caceaseenesere = 608 WEARS <sa se dene scapaiies sabagsieteed mee 296
Coastal Plain, physiography and geology .. 20 | Crops. csnc c2ac cacacavascaties coves cha ae
VOMetAON 2 snc o os Sect a sce se cceaseet 05-47 | CroeiQhamn -.5. 5. caans0c-sicses cep snare 594
WOGKI Os co -cccte cis55sscpeasesan ee aeseacere 256 | CLOW DOITY oi cin soc doitov ake ssspusl eee en ee 383
ROW Seicajnnen sa abcden Soke vetescteevns os ess 256 | PAMUY oe osc. ccs eons cce rocss's sus saeeee 383
OOOKIGDUPS 2.2%: doce ccidce cater escescadzasedes $50 | Orow!lo0t; Water... 66.225 c0ccetctecasseuecns 270
CGmOpIMITUN 2 wan occdenee ks ce avind seuss 430 | Cruciferae. (See Brassicaceae.)
aC ry elie 2 er rine Serta anne 47 | Cryptanthe. ........----..20- sees ee eeeeeee 483-485
RCOMIB TUG oa.ccrivauces as on esate ses ecsesseenet a 474 | Cryptogramma.............-sese% pape enenes 79
WOIUDNID coos ca delcca te ceas occ esein sa ciiaeos 405 | Crourbitacese. .........5..cctescacdednece 535-537
RQUONN: ccteac seater aavecse cues ccaesayes 164-465 Cupuliferae. (See Fagaceae.)
Columbia Basin flora.................... 98,40, 52: | (CU PrAR ici 0s nyse ann teec ase pesun ahs eared 323-327
Columbia gorge, botanical features, ete .... 67 | PAID Y ccnciorls sec tence te too vaccine 323-327
Columbia Plains, physiographic and geo- fOtidc.civeancce ne cc's ceenas sek sce eeertnen 42
logic foatures< i cocnc:tesccces coceseose ase 24 MOON «05 cose scccicceceaaf as -an eh tae 326
Golambiiie yee ss osaes see ewaiaasastees ese 278 DAC 2c ). seia ctnssscincaveu tnsbemeneeree 60
Moleanthus:.. cospctecste-cceeneaaceese chines 114 ved flowering «..-::...552+8 ss0- anne (etme 326
Moleosanthtis s2 2.5 ss2escncd.ssessseescssee 556 TOU-flow ered «os s.ci0—25:555 dca esse verenewe 42
DOMATOTA ocr os co tenn os Oc awastrsn os vecea sat 223 DES oo oieais cn <p nice ss 'siseintc onsets SRO 325
COMOaTON ces cen cts tae as cs aeasiecs sale 341; || \QUGOUtA si csudes 2 odscc ses scccis ee eer Reine 454-456
Compositae. (See Cichoriaceae, Ambrosia- GuUsOUTAGORO. = sa sndssccuess case eevee 454-456
ceae, and Asteraceae.) Oy Mopletues = 256 5. sesccsca caret ate we eee eee 429
S19 1 a oe Ree eae re Ree ge 472 SOCYNOGOR Ss <s)scds oct a sence sosee ce eo 146
Conard, H. C., botanical work.............. 19 |‘ Cynoplossum. =... 2:6-..02 526 vases pee 476
MONE NOWEL: cscs sscyecs seuss cne sce sca ses oss 579 | Cynomarathrum ... 6 .ss552661e0eas eRe 417
Conijerae. (See Taxaceae and Pinaceae.) OY PSrAeGAe =. 55:32. 5555 so. = dg sn AA 154-177
MAMORU IN 2. sesp s Satin escent 419°) CYPOLOS 5 < kino ca eesneresane sates et ere ie 155
MONOR panto each ee SR Bere 47: |) Cy pripedinmt 25 .os05c.0205 ghee cae p eolgeaeee 205
Gorvallariacdae.....5 22 2: isk Soi ecsecs se 19-202) Cydopterta....s5 2002: did et Sk oan o's SN TS 82
OMY OLVOIACORG = 3c. 06 seo ols sada ecusioens 260 Man), (CVWNCPGRY 22 <0 55)ecig tou ten dee loa WO Lea 207
UV ONVENIB © oan oc secsoascins eseee ews. 454
Cooper, J G., plant collection ............. U2 | DaGtyhis.. 325 snc eosaceesailn tos eet Glee ‘128
BISONS Siscce sch ecs sg ts'gs,s commerce Sent ce hana 278 | Daisy, OXCV 6.06206... cedines succes ne oni eRe 585
DEOICONUEUS Sco io Sls le ecen shaper eecies 71.) Dandelion <0. sas. byicsedaes beste tome 545
POMMEDUG 5c so 57 este on,250o- sh ssa enone open 206 Sal) gos syikcth ses vile toes he tad Soe eee 541
ROMUMMOTRIG I 253%. oS aGoa6 Saisie ss Sis cea eslea e's 206°'| Danthonia. <2... .isaecho-c0e ser eden ties 122°;
MDACHIBUG io). 0c 2250 sccm Stones sl nce ss O13. | ‘Dasiphoras .. 5: 2.5.40. ses aturnce Sp tegen anes 341
muitiflora sulphurea..... .............. O33: | Dato igs sos ec (Seeds pen ce oe eee bane ee 520 —
OE ST Coc AST as oor 579. |) Daveus... .... 262220053 coon che twat ena eeee 415
MAMINDONMONIR ot edad Swiss sed cienecase nes 241 | Death eamas:... -..:5 252% ccnasendveseneneeeee 198

a oe
—

INDEX. 627
Page Page.
PRICCRUD ARG on. y icce kc See beyoe ie os tdiemy SCE apa fds KEMLOCET DUR gates ci factas sins Wages wiec sole sces 382
PONE Deets Sul c ak: Ue lens = ame ocaneeeucee'a MBs) EriCaceae:... cuccversssbes'- NES Ee ee 436-442
MAGE DMEMI toa ou its ac), cookie oad sds eae we Ai deser | OTICAMCrA - ...- 23 522s Pees aoe Me scessaae 559
WNL TNs oehee Decree as hikes can eee eee een pent MT I SOLON 22s +. he seas easter esta ee ewes 563-569
MMOD SOSA om ancsie's dance pale ieee bales 123 AUTOS 3. eccFe sce eee See coe 63
TEVA MPRLIND wie oo ao sale tains a oot eateree oe Spee: ib ET IOCOING = cine ra conse s Alda Caen a teases see 109
MRE MOSE ett Besa tac aahs haope son cae ie Aah tT IOP OLUM os awe ct neo Sa oad SR Ee 233-238
EMIT RILE OT MRS Bias iS 5 pls ai sg o's Senn vale oho 5m 115 coryphaeum: 2.525238 a ddeseeebas 63
SPOR SELL Hl keno) ei te wha sk Ue ee eed wea ee fete Loe eH LETIODROYUNT oc 222200555. Bored ctuw ees eeeee 158
EMM eos see Lol cici re seis Sor =e eeewe es 519 TUSSCOIUM 5: 2.505 cc5 os pe ste seu stares 46
EST RENE e P ie ns oan co Saisie one opt ee saci cis 10Sai Mctop Eyam = 8s Sas bh sesso ecad oot newness 583
UAVS CTT) © ee a ee BOE serithieh pints! 2 ess lode sc cea see ae aes hee 480
MR EROCR EGU inte se. 5 os ot faqs nce evs sence PRONG RUT OG SUN «cetacean ai Sissons rae lea reat oe 380 .
Dipsacus..... oo hes ees I appetite OS om elle Bae? [UTS NCW con ciG-s.2chee sos ac vanes et ee eee ce 414
TLS STG ET hg Dea 0 Core ol) ft ery simian aces 02% i Joe Aw alce ee casera ee ene 299
NRCG hee he nc Coc agcaworeeess JSS" PEPPIRTRCR: Ros sn Socse sn. eet eke tes ease ee 449
PEO e Sao eh Lin ce ede secs cisely 5s che AD” | LETYUNTOCOMA sow ire iow eee eases coe esesh e 344
Distribution, zonal, of Washington plants. Sd" PSL TOPOULAT oo, ence oe oecint ce nee cater 192
POOR E Rhee s Be lacey Caos ns 5 peep woes 224 erandiforum 22.572. sscccanc cotanweuee 49
COILS Se et 225) TMBCHACHOISAR == -% sere oc alan wl eee eee 283
PMO D ARO 52 ats awetapaeincestilesies'e $55 456—-400. 1) Teneephalus. occ3t o552c000 soccceeecnaeetene & 569
PRCA RCORS: o,. otk < so cececde ls edesece 445-446 GdophyVHus 285 ae eee oe ee eee 66
WIE RC MES Ses wad acie nwa tasicacatnhtscetes 62. |) (Buonymusets 4 oc 235-2 eee nos ett eee ceaee 384
MMM Pre ce mst. Sole caceeties dos 431 | Eupatorium...... SRST ES ad RNS atten 555
0 CSE ae a ee a 431. Muphorpiadtamily. ss <a. so73.d0 geces samce ee 381-382
PRYDE Sls Bork oe atdicis a's 3 Sic <cistod< 4 3 240}, Euphorbiacede ss ..22 . ks sshiee is eek 381-382
Douglas, explorations in Washington...... 19 |} MEUPOTIRU ec oe Cesc oka oa see Biontes cataa actos 241
PRA BINTCES oven ca52 eset oe ie\s oes te see kce 94<| Ch Gthamia: tcace cosas se cassesesse eect 563
TO EE EN Re 4a ae nee 447 |) Evening: primroses 2 2 \0s cass eche ose ssa gt 5 407
RU Se eee See oe 287 FAMILY. 2 oo or Sait ack eee e 398-411
POTHER MOON GLAM gcc 0 sa.ye oo: x sale vicde socis alas eee 489 | Explorers, botanical, of Washington....... 10-20
MEPIS sa SANT oo a Soins oh Stave o's aivieee pais= See 307
PAPE oH ie toe eee het ot Ree AG: eR BUNCORO Coca sa eae naan eee aoe 349-378
EER MULCE RG Mets 92k wcla sic Sees ube lawcuses 307 | Fagaceae......-.-...-.+- + 20s eee eeee sere ee 220
NOME cra te as os SSE Sade Toa eg accu sys 343 | Fern, beech....-...-.--+--++---+++2-+eee eee 7
NO RTI ORRR oc. 8 iste lols oeiec eces rs ox eleetas 342 bladder... .-.-..- +++ +++ +++ eee eee reese ee: 82
MIE WBERETING telson jose ats hass ssc 585 81 deer... .---- Leese eee eee eee eee eee 79
Dis weed WONG oe. cos edacceceleoends- 177 family... ---2.- +++ 20-2 eee ee tees teen eee 76-82
PURI RED? a gh Se Has ise ae wats enieeig es cate 156 gold-back......-.-+.- +++ 20s sees teers ees 76
Dutchman’s breeches.......... Scare t alae 284 it ee 83
DOW Ye saa ate reins. she See Soe sucka teenies 80
BAMA st SE ons asp webas é ocgaie ees oss sae 6 VOCE s SO. cue tat go oe ha secu sesckecesew eee’ 79
RRM SEL Gia Sine a bie oh cas oan seer ease 125 MNAIMENSNAIP.. < o. cud ase sus tee ne waee sees 78
MGM MO DEBE Sots) 5 oh a. h vie ceidcv suse aacouss es 412 MAGS cag are cnes voce o seiys Sent eee et 82
MOC OULAD Nd oa oni casks wees aNisey Ses ewes 42,47 SY OCG crap tars topes oe lar tila Nie eteeine se < 81
READS DERN iia c's miawoacies Os 42s teaveweceeae ATA Gh! Wepnaidn Ml. le ncsi.cbccascces tetice ote wen 6
Ru NSC tg Se aa ine ie caie okwc swale May ose OO TOSCO Cea ol kot cons Sir elee cnc aeinaawicts 135-139
PAB MIOR cor ie Ae oe eos oltet taco decenig ke esets OOL'!|\ (RASGHOR 2; piocueeos Joa kca tag te seta see cts 135-139
PURER COO Cs 88 oc = SANS 5 inl c/s Sau oS ows soe 391 MMVUTOSsa rica re haces otes he sessecesess 613
OMAR ta LPT EC NS sha, <iclos «Arnie <.o'eit fw cies 530 POHRORA cia caysces. aceacnesecteceoeeeoue 44,613
BOUPOEITIO eect Satay soit heads oi eeisie se 42 WALA IR ner seems hae ieneeeecue eae oe 62
BURA MUCREO A re. as conte a oa sie Sahin eee chG meses O01. l\ OStTICRRS noe baseman celsnctanniion tnlowe gee an ras 103
ORORNOUIS cricce ee cina te acicegassae es ee eek 159-160.) BOVEIIOW Gece craee sc nctis Sones ace ce pee einale = 585
BAPISEAID ILS 55's scics cane stance ese esamwrrics Pa} Wa dev Feo 5 SAS oN PR AI Oat See 495
Elmer, A. D. E., botanical work in Washing- MMPAVOLU CAI Vs 5.5 ce clewisiecits once cmees ches 494-519
MEN as ail ob sve oxeed teeta coacda Sousa cee 19 | Filices. (See Polypodiaceaeand Ophioglos-
MEAT NWN Cs sata ts cine scien e toanee hess nee Oe 101 saceae.)
PIYMUSs 25... 2: ee a ete cle eed Oe otsang oe THO-TO 2 Pie Nea head eels en tes Fe diee soe wera cio 82
MESOULACERD si5i%e ios koe acice Sa See ee. dee Si ORO) eel, I DINO RS pasate 2 32 fecisc ces seeaeteee es 93
MASUR Soins clos ac cae fate nd Ss ete eaheeng 383 SIBAOHIG oe, Fees Soe so ole Sees Hie ce eee 58, 93
Engelmann spruce............. utes tinge areas 95 LC) aL Meee ee Aiea Re mereg 58, 92
BRUEMAOLI 30 9s & acrecieeh ese hd od H3 20s Sede GOPTSOD PGs ed tice titan ateeiat ace eee « 41, 50, 58, 94
BPN ORGUIEL fa:5: nie sists SSO vio wins bas gis ce oeeinee 41 RUHNU c see seen een tsa cee 60
PPAIACLIN .5.2- uity de oe nas. gg calc ace ate 211 MERE ROM ak oe eis taree ey eeaioe niche Rea k oeas 42, 58, 94
BRNIIOSLACOAG ogc hte s poss avtwinnccgae be are BA PPLE W EO | eoare et celeleicislows nsoee see's ees S aise S 41, 401
BPMN 2 oo - at o thes fod sabes ead: &4 | Flathead River, collection of plants........ 14
ORO VONLIS< <5 SoA oad nce Sees 8ocaet eee cut aee 126 380

DIOR COMMON oo sce deen cscsanessceosessees<

628 INDEX.
Page.
iM TOMLY, 20g sa, nets ec accesses s=see 380 | Glossopetalon. . ...........20.cenccescsess
GEE I Bc eee cles inchs vet sees aceesce cae 6 | Blyceria. 2... nn 5cn.cliveccuensseaeeteeweenee
Flett, J. B., botanical collection in Washing- Glyoyrrhisa 2.55255 0. nee a cueaee ced
ROW eMa re oe erase wate dane eats aeowene wes 19° | Gnaphalwyni.. <5 cv. acccncscccauhaeneeeccen
PIOGERK ONS (225 fossa ek ie cee eee eee seeaaes S83 | GoatehearGss oo. sc5.00.~ ci vcacn ue pambuetacunan 332
Forest zones, altitudinal limits............. 35 | Godetla soc 50s. 4 wkedaes at cutee ase eee 409
Forests, western Washington. ..........-.- 41 || ‘Goldenrod: .c<< tsk ucec ces ga casekpeucaceee 561-563
PIONIBGOriCn: sios seas esac hese encase S7 | Goldthred. « .cc..5.ccacccecccucta ae once 278
yellow: Din@. 5--42-<s<2ote-2s2 sucesso ees 50-51. | Good yer. 5-5 nsscncls ewascopepoeeteetce one 208
Rorpet-m6-n0G 23s. tc ccsoke eres ccseeestwice 438.| Goosnherry: << 2. .c6.2..05cecneenateeene 49, 323-327
Morsellasee... ooo oe he nea es cae os 385: | Gonsaloot: .. 2.2... ~ 55.5. ucasteeetarenemee 242
Fort Clatsop, botanical specimens.......... 11 | Petty eS os Jo eg cee Ki cwehSepae ety 230-244
Fort Rock Camp, botanical specimens...... Ll. | Gorman. M. W... .. 22. .20 ae 6,19
Four-o' clock family...22<2 022 <csc-cccee=sess TAS" | Gorman. ccc c<ci sca cckov das Gycceaee eee 309
ROXBIOV OL os 5 sce cin casskcole es vecese cess: “OLN: HO GOTEO, secs ncn soci. sks canas sap eee ae 358
Wild) Jc5 co 23-8220 oo ce edcy case encode see 407-G0B: | QOMMMOTE 0. Zs. Seas cee coche be cease 541
Wramarinn css sssceeect ie scrssces tees oeeeeenncs $@ |:Gourd family. «22s... 0 ce secdeCan cacao cee 535-537
Me VORSETUS orice ooo nae oe et eea te scaseseaes 552 | Gramineae. (See Poaceae.)
WPRROIE coos ore cal cee eae eee easeeincen 451 | Grand Coulee, features..........:........22 25
fastioisitas<<<.0-nccs. cx sacky sc scee caus 71 | Grand Rapids, Columbia, botanical speci-
ITAXINOS o-oo coc cnce mans eaw coe menp ea nese 449 BIMING 5 55 asks Soa vac Scene bas cetky cee eee ll
Oregana 0G siscee Su tccs sien ase 42 | Grant, J. M., botanical work............... 18
WVitilarig ccs soi. sbicccenc cone eecssayoren© ROL | Ohvape ferit...c- 5 25 Gee oss nvgcentece cubeciee 83
Frosts, late and early, Rocky Mountain OREGON . osc eas cdcssyeacr cn etonsneagee 282
TORION Saws satsccacaasasaceanaessckebeee -, we) Grass, blue-eyed... -.:... 0060 sncessacantuess 203
Fumariaceae. (See Papaveraceae.) SOMUY 5 pn kas cascsecs ceecce eats eee 102-154
Uy er ee A ATE TPR erie pene: OOS GYRUOLO. asc okcceuetesacccmbcengatuantrde 503 i
Gravelly prairies, vegetation. .............. 42,51 ,
MG@MTINGTIS® - 2 ees fae ue ace veneecas 552 | Gray Herbarium use by author............ 5 5
chamisaonis <3 cs<--2ccc2sesccsesuasss A) (Gr aylars gs ccagecssscexsietsuctagcnea erent 241 ‘
AS ilarOia fucccaieas sss teases toes snaocaar se 584 spinosa, distribution. ...............00+. 36 e|
Gristate.oissccéicss ss dess Sica. cha tacena 48: | Greanowood:.. «2. < .<ccicecacct spmscdeeeee 36, 239 .
Gairdner, Meredith, botanical collection. ... 14 | Great Basin plants in Washington.......... 38 %
MUU. coe ae sa ecw ce acseae vss tat wesieve we S36-G27 | Green foxtall . ..<..cccounescecevsceceavseveam 16.4=5
Gardner, N. L., botanical work............ 19 | Greene, E. L , botanical work in Washing- :
GATT VR oui. co cae on eecas sess SEE Spe ee ee 432 TOD Sa eS oo vince success sbicensanupanniwerienen 18
Gevltheritccsssns.ctce ses eee MBadlicesst ape 41" || Greenman; J. Miva so idscccntocvdas sanateee 6
Gaultherla shallonn...3..5.052 Sccccacccudas 41,47 | Griffiths, David, botanical work........ wee 19
Gaurns re: + ssslacckase csr ccese: saccaescseaay BOD |“ GQHAGGUA. 5. oe secicessescscbeotene qeunuae aes 556
Gayophiytum’ v5 = 1c .+ css 2s tee see ses meee 407 | Grossulariaceae ................. were 323-327
Genera, author’s position. ................. O [Groutdael 6... o35. cccwsicsss.0cep ead temiee 596
Gentlanten ccs cswcccos os shan c oh weer 62,450 | Gyrostachys. ..... dies acatssdaedaetney aie 21L
familys cect aceb ves ssneawenecseaks seine 449-452
Geneangss2 556 sscseSeswapscses sas pov eRaeeS M50 HIODORGVIG (03 essisiacducscssecoeeun 208, 209, 210
CRIVCOGA ences Sond caceics aryesscauannes 62,66 | Hackberry..... 5 mnwia's em eet nvisie's 5 oan 221
Gentianaceae............-.---- Bopteegenns 490-452..| Halt grass. ............0c0cscs0 <saenktesate Lobes
Geographic index s 7 o23-5054. 4s seas ssevesceea 619 | Haloragidaceas............ecercsecsks see 411
Geology, discussion by districts. ........... 20-26}, Barrimanella.........5.:..2.0ssesenedeccenpene 439
Georgia, New, use of name...............-- 10} FIBWKWOOG. «6c ccc. ccccsceewcnce stay vena
Geraniaceae....... Rt a aae eee ose 378-380 | Hazel....:....... ee yy 2 A. 218
Gevanitnyils2sees sc cse aes oan c ae seaee doeste 76-79, WHORLS, 22 dys de0 ons co sees sa ene océetesn eee
familly seo ccs ectes ce vee aes AE Ee 378-380 | Heather, Alaska.............ccecssee Prey) 5
“% WNcISUM. . ojssrss esc boacdsoe debaenesews 48 TINNY 5. oc coc ete vc aoe we eee teat eee 436-442
ROU Se erste le On. Se erase moo OED ae 543: | “Hedge mustard. .......2<..2-.cas5-s0enge ie 301 —
Geyer, botanical exploration............... 1G. SLORGAOTOM 0's nsed epee execs gee ane dee 3660
eGOTANE I GCORI =< /.o. Jocccc cent veeeseoieaseees 71,91 DONORS: 0:3 cchon+ clean wove lns rae eee 66
DR RNIE Mace re ese ence Pree ei one 459-463 SulpHirescens . 2 2.6.0... 6.602 ce decmse snes 66
CL RS ee eRe Ah pied aap 463,464,472 | Helenium............. Set oe yt 584
HEBBEN WG onnoss ses cceln: s See tuleees dan ey 223 | Heller, A. A., botanical collecti gia Wash-
eninpene familys 52.6. hs esa se ee eeetwasees 412 ST ROW sass ay sao ascnssug oes ap ea 19
Cishonais /5 2 262232225. ee i pee $35. Feélianthella < .c..one. ote ssas Fs ccm een 582
WIMMAWOED 92 oo tcp wccstce shart Canaan a Be 45 dovugiasih ... 225 ss245.-h seein - 48
RPRMELOE feces .3.< 5.535: 0 PA ae ee 447 |) Hellanthus . .. ..0<.025cn0:0 oid -nepaye oe aoe 582 -
POMEROY SS =. peck ibe vess¥ecceswekeeas 45 | Heliotropiom «02. s:4.viso.095¢eencam ye eee 473
EES FEE eee a ee 420:| Hellebore; filed. 2 «422. ...<- 2255 ovgoesns aeeee 196
THEORMDS Sin cn asa ececna vss c acta teed oe 47 st OS PO ET ee 196
MMBDE DWE SS. a incc% oo c.529 5s scsede loses 277 WHI 2.520035 psonesentaseneeeseoenen = 2 PO same

ee ee

mevdtanvea familys |. 65... . sedis ewescac ccc 327

INDEX. 629
Page Page
MBMRIOUES sonata giao cae os Seka e acess vet OLIA ht EDLY ATANSEACEAGS 6 oc ccne eds sane ccc ce eee sss 327
BeMRTIUPAL DUE a <-o\p danse oc sdek ed ddes se eccts = ABO AEC VOTOCOLY Os vin cascemeee sh cadtcs tk cave cee 431
Hemitomes......:.22.02- 2.02.5 Oise Sabet oed A56i:|\ Fv drophylaeeae ..2- o:<sinncsee ee estewes << 467-472
ERMRCOMIO I Sate co oat sated Seca Sates ee eee 4 Sie acu yarophy Hunt. 25202 Jo stor ee hae aes ats es 468
PRMD ORE Wire i a Sc oS ano wee ete SO DUM ALY MCNOPAPPUSs 3, cs sce aeeecseeeence eee 584
BEAM OOK: DIARIKS S os. 2.03 Saas st. sands oesaele oe GOLD8s HV Pericaceae -2<,..o2 2..c0 heals sc shea ae a) 2300
CD tN ae: « Os a ee aS Me oe S20 SLY DOLICUIN |. HF. occas =k ee sae eee ee 390
MROREOTEY oid ht. ico toes kee 46, 58, 94 SCOUIOM 2.2 Peak Oe ee ees 58
PESEL, REMHNE So's oy wwrsic oa > ck o cva bkbe wants Bont ee VpOCHAGTIS...202. 502 5 = soo ee 541
EPIC CERBL gneiss? ockis.0 28a 5o05i ocasouc See of Gr SENDOPItYS-2.ccee scant be oe eee a teee 436
PERTIOOE WOES. «05 5 oso 0 oan. tacos eceesed 18
MUPTRRIOUE ht o hs co5 2 <3 6 ss cee cheess ecnetee AUF | SPDIGUUIM ios <5 ce oo ee ee 211
JanasaMmco ese. 2s. Oop ee aE ee Ses 98. | Tiyeanthes' 3.2. 22222225 sancueunscses dees 503
DEBEDATIS. COMMUITOG.. -.-.- 222.22. ocn acess 5,6 gratioloides depressa...............-.-. 614
of Washington State .:.....-........... a): pa tiong: «5625. reese donc ee weet tee 386
aerbs, Canadian 20ne. ~~ ...-.-:.220-s.<--- 69) | clmpationtacctae.- scc2 2. cdeet sos rene 386
MAUTHG ETEMSITION -o. 25 522.0.-2e5-50e 4, 00,00°4 ITIGIAN pip... 5553 cbse seen st icc ccecaee .. 436
Upper Sonoran, list... 2.2.22.-...cues 39 pipe familys... <. soitenkit sce See ee 435-436
Heredity, relation to distribution of plants. 33 DIU Se cae ae ee es 3 ee 348
PIER UEYOCNIVONG oc copie Sisw faeces cosh saa4 se S03:)| Lridacene. % iamgsesaeeesescza tase ee Saoe 202-204
MEMBERED =, Mat thos aeiacia ss Scns clsin's've's PASO TPIS soem ena s te cca cee aire eee eee 202
PEOMCIR OS NORA 3) 0 ecu it tcc dckclen desde secs. ec 178 family iat ay ece ick coe nee 202-204
Heterocodon.............-..- Rrsie mesa nee es 537 MiBbsOuTIONSIS: (5.04.22 ccs Danse dos eee 44,48
UO UTS Na ies Sh i a re S20 822i MONAKGIA. 2. o55 eayackcssstece sce cede eS 399
OUTER ie Aare Ne Pee oa 662 | te0Stackae ec - e ce Sesik eae 88
VELEN 12s art aS a a $46-548;| LSORbes we sss 5 st ctstss sickle vc sea eee 88
DMPA MN CIN tang ooo xc sk ac aeiesga wes ee LOGE (BV ce cece ecw se cron ies wee ee eee 550
OT ON | SE ee oe ee 18; |) LVS DOIGON Sos oc Sacre alee es cocoa eeeee epee 384
RIMMER rae ce bea 8s ki oicckcieccucacwecas 411
ORIN Ss sp siusio icecc7ctahenewseese ze ckees PEt RUIN Oo scat fo cis Je oc esos scsi snes de seaee 582
BREMEN oo 8S acy how Zev abun cicna bance 80 | Jeffrey, explorations in Pacific northwest. - 17
Rimes CH OOMOS eS < Sys ozs ss cbs sek ben wala 6) -dewel weed ses00- ese snes. cede. sae base 386
SEROOOT OMNIS 5a conGiaw.c oo aa cee nel Sieae ass 102” (i. CUIMBOM WOOd. 2.5. cw oon esecaiee cee Cece 520
RIND ROM NOM Coot Lona tact ceppneworcee G29! || J UNCACERG 2 'c2 02s simian caiecoedG ee eav cece 178-186
RR Oe Re nice See ci esc kokiescck muss O2B-582 |) I WNCOMGOS 3 5. one ods. cosa sacs i esoees 184-186
YEG Ey eee ee ee 260) | FUNGUS. 2.22 i532 sso. cas seoe renee azone 178-184
Honkenya peploides......................- 47 DAIUICUSS acc. 2 asp ss. sanat er eter cea 45
ESRRODC Ys ost c ts oc se cea sce laocckes 189-190 OTOPANDS 5 occ ice cscs se olscalscate seep ears 46
MRO DUR AE tt oh Sow s'o ain x a a oda dua Sock vem be dbs 600" || PURO RUAGH «oi: sso cocecs as anos aene ot ae 48
EUSA ROS oe no nv ow nie a deadasdenen's 96; 241) | Finiper, Westerns << csc. 5200s alee ee fp eee 90
IMME SS oN wok geGcicicc css acea clas 104 Rocky Monntaity: Jscsc22 5 iccn ccesens 90
Pa OROWEE oe Gag la. Peas an Sy cietsew ecw mcdecastes 140° |) J WI POLE eg Soe ott sees obek Veet case esses 90
SEROLNG sams hidetetaiioc ote ctsehesses 489 MOGDUIONUMS 2 2805.02 oe ce teenecwe
PIUARR ORS io a sch cet Soa ce hea ci ewh cons 339
Vo UAE is | Ol | Gn Ox pI Aras 1S a se peer ceo pues ower aa Coe oone ce 439
botanical work in Blue Mountains ..... 19 WACK eS ce cse acres ai esicsuseaeeeseeese 46
NGL ONG Sis oo ooh is.d tons ois alcanigc Sewisenciac’s 265 | Kamiak Butte, character of rock .......... 26
mPoraoball ic: oo 2. bonadies 6oe esse sc ccécaccaces 84 WemGtAtIONS cote8: ooSees ask ke ceteris 35
UID 2e A ae ne eee a a ee 904-366); | SIS CUORVIR ban 2 is caewkss iss cen dec ies cxmewcass 527
MROWSH THOMAS: << o526.25-c0-cccccceancece 6 | Kentucky bluegrass: «* ..... 56. 2.6<6.5-05 os Oe
botanical work in Pacific northwest.... 1S. | eM aa one se cas sc ees ces csecseeetes 437
PIUCHIGDEITY SDIUG << oicdsiccceecseenccanreecs 58 | Klamath region, plant species.............. 70
BV OERUCON 3's otic seg Cees whew eccs kicks 47 | Klickitat county, botanical features, etc... 68
Ped eohose atc pos tam asker lon casicsiecatuee BST PPO MRIOTIR shale & oOo 7 Fav eS ce toss y chcatcae ee cwee 126
mudsonian life:zono: 7 2. .'.......0<.6< 35, 36, 60-62 | Kreager, Frank O., botanical work........ 19
Hudsonian species, distribution............ Gl-B2 at MURR oe hs hac tes oder cea sescscaeee 202
Hull, W. R., botanical work in Washington Le INFERNO aoe ka oon casas chee Gueseueee 483, 485
PUG ace ig ete cwwide cinalseiniiicek eo aales Re ATIC DIB Wet ose Soca easton can ane ea neon aSs 345
MINOR Bio Soe oats acac seus ice coed nob as «Saee 583 tridentata, distribution ................ 36
Humid Transition, altitudinal limits....... 36
BHATACEOIS O.c2s=ccstoct ook dese oniiena 35 | Labiatae. (See Menthaceae.)
comparison: of flora. .2-¢2.5 523i ves. Dar alo PARTON CONG occ oo basse ta Sos se eae ee 46, 441
RUNCUBRI ORS ans dos sa cuieaaecstesecen ssi. SOCATEC S Ootrce suicide cio nce seus aeed teases 79
BOMPCOTACOLO CATA «oss. SodsscsteccNeces AIRCON ESOS 52 Enc oii aee cara oroscies Sees’ 548
PCCUM ALG S 60420 Scc lee canes cee soe e sep WOM eaaY Sai pPOr. ..cs 22222 225 acc asda cesaciecen 205
REV OGSbV ISIE tos oc. aes pec ckedesawe tee Fe RB MUDH UA ksi, e ee ene eee teres ceemaeiones 577

Lake, E. R., botanical work in Washington. 19

ae

630 INDEX.
Lake Lewis, formation. ...............-...- 25 | Lithophragma tenella florida............... 613
Lake John Day, formation, ete ..........-. 24 TAMUIOSA. «6... Seiass ass ces aa 613
Lamb, F. H., botanical work .............- 19 | Lithospormum......: 2.5.20 cess sameecedse eae
GMI ES QUATLONS «5 << s4 2555 oc Siac ccccsncsees 242)\| Lloydia . 2... .2%.2t<nstanesabnctanne dees Mee 193.
RADIUIT cs cnoncac- cadateeee tecdesecsas 490: | Loasa family <.3\. <<< ss cocns ices tess seee 395
PADDLE oreo cs wee cccsanscscsee~ sles’ 474475 LOGSACORG 5. inn ssc cci a os exncwe ee eee 395
PSAVINGNG 585-5525 oa 5st rhe ras seckssee ee sees. 53S | Lobelia. . 2... 22.0... seen scstneseaserseses 537
RatOh: “WOSLEITs 3 6o- 0232 o5<5escwsveecnsss 58,93 Lobeliaceae. (See Campanulaceae.)
WONG 5 ns 2 Solent sek Ee eens ee eceees 02: | hoco weed 52325 cv6 cceeawscuute dees eueute ees 367
PTR s oe otc cos cha cas cian anuewessecaaces 92. | Lodwes0le pines .c5 o.6 ccecs caucus seecekeook 58, 92
SOMUAE le eg secede cuden ee cece: TA | Dothdna sa ccs scsccos5ia 1225 nes dae 146
oceldentalis.-= 222%: cosh ese. ccs aes? 98] DOMAME 1. ics ve cics ds lic sckcdewgasaan, Cea 79 -
WNALESDUY os oooh sews ccnee soc s Fe csisn nee 279-281;)| Lomatiome: iy. 22.55 5...5-cccenan snc ces s 419-425
MUGERV RUB coos tee hares eens ote 375-378 , London Horticultural Society, botanical ex-
MAUITOD oe coc ow eich cee tes dae cus enind esas 46 ploration in Washington................. 12 d
BUICK een chic sav seine se enic eee ecnieeate $15 987.) sonora aoc cons siete ears eeaten teen eae 529 !
AVRIL 6 ine eee res tae aie 409 | Loosestrife family. ...<.. c.iccsavencnuosace 397 ; 4
Leather-leaf polypody.................-22-- Tt? | Lophanthys «5 <2<2055252s008-s tue cet 489 ;
POU 2s ee see ane ceca aaa pecs ces cates 440: | Boranthacene sc... soc. asccs sccnceeee cee 222
columbianums..i.325- saascesscccun's acs MG) DOMGS S o2 2. ha teecscaniesaines use. et eaaee ae 365
datifolinimss-23, ace. soon -cisene see bencte 46°} OID. veces cacens ss oogenea ceed es tesa 594 :
YR) RISE SOE Oe BOER EEE PU eae 104 | WY POlQUCA. sss nso aces stevense eum 69
Leguminosae. (See Fabaceae.) Chlifornidaic. .o.ock 2 casdeceeacd eect 6o. oe
Leiberg and Sandberg, botanical work in BUDIRO soccer cce eek oe 48, 62, 63, 350-358
Washington... crassa vsd-scasicasaeeesss AD: | MUPINUSE cnc teteccscis ees octetet esate teen 350-358
Diner gan cc ox gaadawds doses eusescseee 427 Ryall os fo ee twine duces swndas bec nels SORE 63, 66
POMNRs 255 51ic csi cesgts civwcacedsiascsecsas 177 MIGOCALPUS as 225.55 540 secs ose eas cea 44 {
emnaceae. <2. 2’. pacsccacekscccceus csusewees 177 ORUACUSS 5 os24acsneccesaweseeshease beet 48 7
Lentibulariaceae. (See Pinguiculaceae.) ROPIOBUS «2, ooe2 os ee eer oe 48 j
Benn todonee secu ese .c ced ieanace ee iepance 541 Subsloinus c250% coyecc seaves sc, cee 62
LODATSY POR soc hee ak acs ccacsees ass caneee 7 Wyethil: ccc. 0secieccc on se enone 48
ADIGIOM 5-6 cic y cect co seus assadss Sosaes ens BOS)! TAVUROW . ce csccu coe ss cnsle te soe eV ees aw eee 329 .
IDE CRTTNONA, Soc set ee eres es eo ke csanls 310 pectinata.--*.0.0 4... 257 eo eae 62
WODUARW co <st usa s 22 dens: sseseny tees em eassts DAR 3) AMEUUS «2 2a sscvis atts eassemencen dete cnamiae 185
WODCOTOM Sat eck cic qs ats cee e vic cava dems enue we 208 | Lyall, botanical work in Pacific northwest. . 17
Pantotacnias <.....ocs2. cs ccucacessnee abe ce ds 495") Li yolinie ss. cs .ne scctncceoncdasiacobe ess eteee 255
TOGA tes aes ee een nak dase cba acise 45'| -Lyoopodiaceae.<. < 55.5... .0<c snpitngaw ta geous 86
WABI UOTGIA. o.-cos once et peecetence cheeses 208" | Tycopodlunt. 5; i5< 02. esscacecs'se baeer eatery 86
ASUS; DIME ss flnccctocastas nce ekassaees 5400) LyCOpUs =. o5ccwensscs ccancsacksonaesxonetes 491
MICK Y: ico c jaieiclnc ces odetw ama axescvmes O49: |) LMS ac eise se cowc dade sevecss wacercesee tees 208
Lewis and Clark, botanical collections in ~ A {1 a) Re A eR Pe re Rn on P pe, 177
Wy ABUINGLON a oo a ose ae G ke peeege AL: |}: eythvaeene oe. sce $shc2535 25.55 ee cess epee ee 397
LOWINR ole ot. cesiredigs tise e cog Ore et ese pecs 2902) CLYthTOIN 2 o..occac- sesetecanccesctes s anedbeke 397
ROLVAV Oi oes ak art hece soescaos ovale oe 49 |
PRGOLIOR POLY DOAY so occesse st sess cts seas s a 77 | MaeDougal, botanical collecting in Wash-
WAHL Sco Wiens Petas oe kee s eee tee wees ewe 364 INGLOW so vicise ss sdssde'cuss nee sens Gna eee 19
Life zones, altitudinal limits............... 36 | Machaeranthera...............-..-sceeceeee 575
North American, scheme............... $4) Madderfamily-.. <2:2+..0522-ssalataseee 525-527
Ligusticum .........----+...++-++2eeseeeeeee A2Bs | Madin 0.22 ss aeons e oe ae 575-577
Peiaee PUDINALA 2 is Sona cncs xo dc-ssasac 44) -Madtonae ic ncccsccncceces Fesars cee cokaamates 437
RSAPO DEIN = acs hrinic oss sw aakcte bisa anaes masse 428 || Madronella soi <snscacwcscemeootr vopete ieee 493
MUROGRG foto. fa ccs nek hae we teincion aces een 186-195 | Mahogany, mountain.................:00286 345
SRRRRR BER ce ort 25S cha tale 'svnicin ate cio sie's'vicssiv sieiclcuia vin die ne 101 |, Matanthemum cc 250-350. osa tee cerned 200
17 Re rd See on aoe ea eee 191, || Maiden-hair fern... .2.5555-s0ccstpebnmeys 78
MMC 2 te rw Oa ota netence ee 196-105: | MalaGoae. < caccc acc cccc hae ss c5nccemeee shde 345-347
IG heats candace Vouk paces oe ccopeee eels 107’) | Bidle fern ....~ cccccancwacessede voneses comes 82
Lily of the valley family................. 198-202 | MGUOW ccc osc cdcctasbctscansedastnensuae 388
PRISER MECDD Gs oc cisic do s:4 5555 ceiw sc cneaee tiie 383 LAMY oo ces sales Svissnds aos ehes Foeees 388-390 *
PRTPDEOR AS ot resin o Siolan seicene ooo c ei some 209-210 MUSK cis bo ccacctsscusso sages sueneadanee 388
MOIR hor Pe c's nad ceS sab stiieasl eiceeea BOT? | REQI Vic scp oteng-cteaeeseetasss ns hean saan 388
DUIMEMAR Polat SA w'. 5 a ve Sacked Sele eae ee , 380 | Malvaceae...........---222---- eee eeeee eee 388-390
UME Soc eh Susie Palvie.s i502 ee eb acigcate,s MOO) | Manzanita. occas si ione owbs nee scckewes sheen 437
MD MeetS S202 22 ti. cr eyveededecs= ashe yeee 495. | Maple family. m ..-- 2.202 Se. os ncvpeahstevess 385 |
MIRTH Ste 8 502 cies sas aa ean nsiet asic aetes 528 large-leaved, distribution.............-. 42 Fi
RMON acti Seine a's k's ode se se seae ens 380 OLCGON =< caps econ sca oh ays ran eens oe 385
WINS POSE tcc tss ce dds tacecaa cece ccccras ue 208 WANG as cece sodas poe el cee han T ate 42, 385 ;
MINER Bote deanna cass case secs sw cseaaae 907>\\ “Marestall ...c<.c02sc0asaesaaavy esas sarees 411

2 ees

—_ -

INDEX. 631
Page ai Page
MAPIGOIG, MATSA it. bess ces scccwcecs ese se C2200 | "MUS tard, DMC... c2 2 ..dcceesGwacsss coe cnceecs 301
2 EET UP aa alee cll egies ig pop oe ep ra 489 familys 3252 oases yee Soc es oe ess news 285-307
PEARS INATIONIG on 25, cove can toashee bene ses 277 hedges rc Seas Fy eco te edb Be a st Soe 301
Marsilea........... Wye ails etl Sete gue ion ene 84 GuMibliNng 22. F. week. ee ee See, les a 302
MPEPBUIGAOCAT 2.352 oon os bola veecdecsencSeoee’ BaD VOBQUIS 38 Sc ooo oak ece saint ees aoe eee 486
WR ee Tx PS gk awe ce eb liens creete snes PEN MET ORULUG: «<5. ccc were wae caee ese es eee 269
MEUM OOR Sines. =<, Secee Guaask wcieedonahace DOME DRY LIOR & osc c2.0 02282 eat nh bcs tans eee ne 217
PROMO TOSCHO. <= 5-05 Sos cece kicieseceevsensse 138 Galifomica s.'53..-ses ce Rie ee ee 46 ,47
CAN, Sp PO EOE ee i ie 268 BAGS oc ook cat eaten Sos ee RE 46
MOTI Nie Meade soto cee, sce d fas aa ws's ac eee Sa) DLVTICREOAG. 2)... c2.ssceus ssesseeteaece bent 217
MEGUMI DUE Peril: oe oo sie led e ere nccees Oily Meyrophyllum. = ccc. ee se oe 412
MASAMI ERROR oor =< w= o's Sacc -ca secs cieses, 195-198
| GE i ie ae ee fay | NabAlds. 21... ans. -seeye susan wneewtagede 548
MMIC AM Aig het S58 oc yk oon os oeewes 35g | Naiadaceae............-.-22...+2eeeeeee eee ”
SSS El Se ae PRN Use apt ce ae ae ee ecg Se =
EMRE ID SOV ae NS os Ooo a Fk dp aok Suis 493 Nasturtium. ...-2.+-0+02-0eseeeeeeeeeeeeees 296
Tc eole gor SSE 2 Rl a i a a 492 Nat burgias. 222 «.' chs oseen.s cna stere es 448
RTTRIGR RS OOP a. nn ae anaadaceseen 486-493 Navarretia rae ee ate be ep ogee eat see 463
‘Mentzelia eS SC ry oe ae Se a bees 395 propinqua........--.--..----: Sos eee Risicle 614
Menyanthaceae...... Re cics cap aasce csckga 452 Nemophila.......-.--++-++++2-+eeeeeeeee eee 469
DEAE RREMDS§ the fo cy onto au sien — pe ecee eee 452 Nepeta...--~.--+---+2-02e0eeeeeeeeeee recess 489
Menzies, botanical work in Washington.... 11 Nephrophyllidium. ..........-.--++++++++++- 452
Deen Prec eS 440 Grista-paltbee ssh ses sasy cots sacs o3qa>8 Nee 47
TOVUPIDMHGD nos Sars beg ooiccisas sb asc scot ane 47,58 Neslia.......+---+---0--2e2ese eee eee eee ee ee 306
MBTHEEOD UG Se tn cGie. sac beets alse ance eee 122-123 | Nettle......--..--2- 2+ 2+ ee sees tees eee ee eee 221
ROTTS Se ar ako esa eke od se .. 476-480 family... .-------+-2-202 eee eee ee ee renee 221
OT ag eee BAG |, WewbErrya.. 6. 2--s02-- sagan sam annianesaes 436
CGR 8 eM age Se Be i eg 493 WICOTIABR 26 ao odadat en oc cession bees coun 521
CTE Re oe de erg ne 539,540,541 | Nightshade family..........--.---.------- 519-521
bigelovii........... be Go ea eee ae a4: | -Nineberk... 32% <2 00). 032026 -vdostte~ ete 50,329
MA RORORTON TGs inc aks ob is Kos oe ness dbecacavena 461 | Noble fir.......-..---------0-- 20+ seee sree eee 93
erie intact mete et ee Gog* |) Nompnelatare.. 2-0 «7.2 t- Sawer pane 9
ii Chs 62 SS Ree aa ee eee 453 | North Transcontinental Survey, botanical
MIN CIMMOT Ue iss 7. ch ebai dace sctenstotees 6 POUCCHONS: . execs asks c sande esl ncaa t aeons 18
SRM RCE ORES oe yf) Pn 507-511 | Northwest Coast, use of name........-.-.. 10
EST TOS ES peat ee God OthOCalas © wees ses nse e eee eer 540
js LN ok a ee a 492 Nuphar SSpvedesccsdeesaapesessertssgte cer kee 264
OE a ee ee 496-493 | Nut grasé.:........-<.-2-222--2---scesenbas 155
EE RS a 999 | Nuttall, botanical collecting in Pacific north-
MARUSe OLR OLS = S525 ls cai ccess- caves seinen 29 WeSt.. 2-22-22 +222 eee eee eee cece eee eee 14
MUIR NN ts, fe eee B67-074.|, NY CEORINACCAR: ao socc foes een cscs cases tnsmes 244
Jo Egle Ce lee i Sam eR ai Ae ae tty aE ee 319 | Nymphaea.............--2---2---2see seen eee 264
MRPANTN DORR: . oac.v So <ee ael Aes ew ao See 71 | Nymphaeaceae......-.-------------+--+-+-- 264
BARTEL Cisglrs /a'ccincae nokervsesgrasee jeticaiate SOO a} SAE er eR A pe oes cay ec ieee 220
BON DIGO Creer train’ obs einem ha eb ea sseenn ss sei 245 WOlMnnae Poweh ees p oe ce cote, 384
PAE MEET REID so2 oie nw cas Anshtamacbeerecees 493 inlet lee see oo mee Sh ere 220
Moneses Rpteri- eter bvewnsngmerde cscriesas~ A> 452:'| Open dprayiscresstscscleieccvss+sadeatese 330
uniflora ene rian reigee recaticns eee rc rice 4 BF neti pope 0 oe ast, eee 5 ov eknop ce aun’ 427
Monolepis.....-------+++++++++++++eeeeeee PEE | Cea O ales 2 oclss ese sie scacséassanenense 407
Monotropa......-...-+---+2-2++22-2eeeeeees O08 |. Oewotlhetds acers (ie -sovec srt <o'naiss'e-aes 405 , 406 , 408
psig FANE 7 Maa ee pier Okanogan Highlands, physiographic and
eR AISI eS a WGO\GRIO LORLOTOS: 327215. oe.0 22 t- oboe sees 24
MOMbid.... 0... -0ee ee eee eee ec sec er eee PATON: T eter eP nts o> te Acca ssa vada cteses- 449
Morning-glory..-..----+-+++++++eeeeeee eee 454 | Oleasterfamily............2.2.s0seeeeeeeees 397
Moses Coulee, formation..........-..------- PONS NORRIE SACO a os ck od as Sia 204
yaa ae bs ices cia eloe Fe 495 | Olympic mountains, botanical features, ete. 65-66
Battal dapeota 6s physiographic and geologic features. ... 21
Sp a reoreremioea eH can hd oe Shae
Pech "P ae a eek ay OTE STRRPHOA 250 oie aobs5. 5526. Scemnses 398-411
ngs cateaie OTM ONP ais oP es 15-2 Sadisne cscs seer ee~, 18/109
is Mag vies sienesenaives ean eenee nonce "a3 PIC ORBARDAR oo oe oni ct est esas rece siesece 83-84
Mountains, Pacific coast, floraleomparisons 70 ne abe bse tka ee a Ae ak ie
Mouse tail. . = Fades cle ¥b)= 201 «bie we simaneniainwan 269 RIGMIDNMUR oa. 5. oe ee ssce ese Breteeaek 329
Muhlenbergia wn ee eee e eect etter eee reece eens 110 MAMCILOVES oni sass Scisiaswsiats datas aoe 50
MARIA ED ir 3 9 - otto anno aecncevoa peepee euees AUIS PINS aac Sinica s > ois we s'sicies's oie poaee sears 396
AAURGON Jon's cccSoenensbs cove ecieusonknet haem 154 polyacantha borealis........ epte 44

~ my

" 3 : i.
632 INDEX.
Page.
OAT Srans 6 vases. ss s0ksstdocdecsenscee 128 | Phaca.......:<....stlc seeds eae eee
MRC URIIY. occ 20h so sec accesses eces soon 205-211 | hookerlana. ... )555.<.<s79eavaades Deere bee a
MBROTMMODIG <5 « 50552 5225 000ts535s2ecsnse 205-211 | Phacelia...........-.0.sssscsesedvocgston 470-472,
PORGGENID oo CN ore ne ics ware eek ay 9 = 569 | Phalarideac....... 2:52.02. ta. scgeeewtne eee 102.
PU eran oie ein Ty oN Ge 08°}, Phalaris......-..i;.<c0<<c-ys eens eee 106
ONeron Gah sooo cone csi e ska nee sen 42,449 | Phegopteris..........2<.<: Peer ee bree!
GATE WORN Ge oon ese acs esse 10 | Philadelphia code observed................. ta
PIGDO Ss 5S sa seni asst sc scc estan eat ack 41 ,282.| Philadelphus.......2<...5..4.05-:2c0sks ae pee wants ee pak he
Historical Society, botanical publica- PRUGING 4 one oe ssn waver yesenvay rere 101
HONS BN NOS <5. 25. co. sc ce seca cceon 43,135) Phileas 5 201.0651, sense ee lil
Danlste cor Gioca sos a cooks eeie nee awe se 90) Phlax:. ccs. 0hs-0<ccos, vasvovetea ae (56-459
Upper, use of naine.-: 2-2 ---<--e. 52-22. 10 fam esse 5 os oc cc oe a ee Pe <56-467
ONBOCEIYR a. 3 <sos cakes sence ciccgenues sss $31 | Phragmites . v5.1.2 022 6c sans do vcucpdecatcenen 125,
robanchacese =: 20..°.- cs <c-s cess ceseses 521-523. | PhyMlodoee. 5. 5.00255... scaneenvence¥eey eee 439
Mropanciiasss-- sess a sce cess owen tesa ee 522 | empetriformis........00:s5sq00>500eebeee + IOS
CO) ac nl fa a Sas Palais Be mee, ee eee RE ee 430 Phyllospadix.:. <0... <c0yesFarstans nea 100 —
OTChOCArpules:2 5555 Seciisces csc ccnn scene os 616-518" | Physalis. ...<.2.%25052.is002citchivede deen 519°
POTION seep eccogh ete see ctasenshss'onnss 614 PDYSAYIA« - -. <n. occ ces ceicwaneneestacnseee 306
PE2eAD 7.65c0-t2sa. 2s eastasasvandeutbaseae 108°] alpeatrie.. oo... s50.cscncsantscer tee 8. 8
Oryzopels. ......--.---<.seesese-se4e-u-n00 200 | Physlograpby, districts. :-. 35.47.20 heses 20<26° yin
OBLOR ATER Sos oe: Sanka ed eee eae eee ons 431 | Physiography, Pacific northwest........... 10° |
COSIOTONIE 22s a a vesces nace etean eek canes S48 | Physostegia... ss cccscscavscccueeecsteatee 490
Le tC See, See ee be eae See 416 | Phoes.. ... 22... cctincececceesngce ciate ahs hialee sn
Oxslidaceae 5225 5-205 s ck csc esc ues stone 380 engelmannl. :<.:5.:2<ccersscss et eee ee
Dxplin sto Pope ey 380 sitohensls.......06..cehvcaceys'soonies Tege. |
OXYGOOCUS sos < S25 tas. cceyeut seve ees tswns cen. 444 | Pickering, Charles, explorations in Wash- hi
oxycoccus intermedius. ...............- 46 INGCON So ease ssc ea vaves soteve ocuexeeeapeie 15 RY
OXGTIR reas, oie yids ea Nceeseiet dasceets 234) Plpweeds ooo... scccocnenices ce cconce SOOWEE 244 ue
EGTA. veces tescittonta desea ke oes 290'| Pinkoeae. «...oves coeccecascccessaties oe 89-05
PINT OMG Sara tana a cde sca ees ee paseces 1PM; DIROK 65 s:ossissiee sanecans menses ae eee 42...
Oyster plant: soc. 52 o4 55a teoxsecesss=sanvesss 539 DU isos co asses ccmnaicssa teea cae eee 02.
: ION G2 << ceo ees ose kev aaceeb eee tees 89-95
Paohistmas:: = soc sess oo oss seies cde se swe 384 Jodgwepole:..c.i::i2s0sccdncsoceyks tebe .
AU VYRUNILGGS cheno occas y hare aoe wa 58 SONG. «92s can acccaks ces susarvses epee 92 Ap
AOD VIODNUES: 24 oie ancdsbstss sare dscoess cs 408 sugar, discovery by Douglas............ PAS; og
Pacific area, character. .............0..-.s-: 35 western white... ...:.....0cstanseceelant Re)
Le ee eee re De eee ee rere erty 278 white-bark........-....0s.dscanparatague 60,92 Lee
Maintediowpec. ce cccsyctv ce: << 4steeeeapee eu 62 FUNOW os swansaeesss>so1s-neym eee a |
Pavicdag ho 85. scores ne hots eee iG 102 | WOYOGIB Ss osc... sssececce, icy e eee OO 2
Panletlarigacs: oovscoe cscs cas cse sees ook 190-140 ; Pinguloula ....2.0cc02.6ss0-2.200.-c20 teats 523 Ee
af oh) 1 eee SESE ee PT eA at 105 | Pinguiculaceae...................eeceseeceee 5238s 4 Aw
PWG oo tsa tsi cehssistescs ues tiaees dives 263 |, Phik Saintly. os sssscvsas ences vvraee eee 202-2645
PG PA VOIACORC = 45 vue coc dove a os oce cc 283-285: |) Piss s. te.ccose 5cicsesiotinecenic cece ate eee 91 hc
Pariotaria.-<:s--.2:s2:4i0s2- iad: pstuspueeae 221 GONPOTEM <26-<i00cscuscesoseraxeeek 43,46,47,58
Parnasel@: ccc. 2-.cssccisz6sscosss22+e~-scens 322 | monticola, predominance............-- vl See
IPAIEVA So oc tne sn ccastine sss ste tee eeer gaeas 291 | ponderosa, preponderance, etc......-.. OO eae
Parsley, Water -:s<2-s2225.5--: 4s0e¢605- sans 427 Piper, C. V., study of Washington plants. . Bk 'F i
PAPAIN COW. sa css osc ahayes> ors can seae ao AUT PI pOr ia ccc cs sce ctcacs gs slen a Ge ale eee 208. “s
PaBpaliin se 0-5 oar as rac ae eer ashe te 104 TIRNSVOIBR. .. 2255 2-0see ss sen saeseneaene C12 a ¢
\ i REE ee eet Oe Te 375-378 | Piptocalyx...... PE ey PE ee $8i- i oe
Mika irik oy apeek ste ts ee ican 906:| Plwantidis oe occseecsee suc «ance OR 385 es
WRCGGCAIVE Joc Sieest e cee oe ee cnet 482° | Plagiobothirys.. ..4::.:cscsscese.cuzctuesaee 482 by |
PRMUCUIATIB. «2c csc cecie<csrcccsseanscen Se §11-512. | Plantaginacese. ; 2-0 i1~:s.->0-s¥yecewgaers 523-525. ;
SYACROOBR 3265 one te nen ee 7 ji PYARGERO. . 5 os'c.-5s s sccoes coop eos gee et eset 523 ox 8
WOCOIMONG oac.2 Foc 5c isch ected etc ess cs cos ec 677) Plantae 5 oc. coca sawoea ne see ye vee geomeee 523 ;
OUROR oc ce inic es rosccas pus tadoeenmcncasecese 78 LOTMEG sieves ores cos aes oo RNs oT ee 5238
Penny cress... ......---+2----+2eeeeee eee eee 305 rattlesnakes <2: 5.5 ssvancratarteeeeine 208 ;
Pentacaena..... Dyce ee aeed es s teat aR owe 264 EVN oc <aaee sin ate 10:5)<5:4. aa aan ioe’ ont See 100 7] as
MIN OMINSIING - cB. Sa bsasactcaknacceassls 47 | Plants, species con‘ined to Washington. ... 73-74 nae z
Pen tSteMON ; « 222.seicevas esse oes s --.- 497-503 species likely tobefoundin Washington. 75
PAHGCOSIIDN oe 2. caetise sa n4co ss nee ese ce os 71} Platyepermum: 5. 0523450003250 a ena este 296 i
Pepper grass....... Pode, SSE aE 304 SCADIQETUIN .4.2:05%.oeeaa dees aes eee 44 C—O 4
MeYATIMI .sioce ss doe tte cnet tinw nce web sss 208 | Platystigma:«. 4s e55 iced2. ys os Cee 284-0
Perennial Tye@IASS 20). 5c de = o.oo asco cose es 146 | Plectritts 2.5 < 9c. n02cctoue ove oun teers 533°. ;
PECRIOSLENPAM <5. or vain cence sae soc es assis .. 350 comgesta AIDA. . 6... -086e..cevensoenon ase 61s 28
Wetasites: 205.5260 = eM diva esses peer 603. | Fleuticospora...i- 2.2% sayarsces toosnedtunaee 436 5
POMOC ONWIN So. oot CO es coe ttdesp sce cceee's 420 PlenvopoOgon. cs 2.5 05-55 0dstebesoances seer eee * 128 |
er: *
ay
mY
de mae

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Page
MENTE STDS lass cna o swe tems op lpsas> 348
MininbaPINACCAG, . J. .2.5.-2+s00-0- 2+ pee = oes 449
IORI De aks aha wsa coc p ss cleat ntseeevaeene 128-135
MEMO aoe Aleta s 50 -ceacer nt estardeas 2 62
MOXIHOE RN pi Sac mc sise on ene bg gine 48
Poaceae..........: Romegh {hoa Ses! 4 itwcuse 192-154
MORE IWS Spars cick tc oe SU spat es ve uaintat so 384
Oe torte pee lsio ng select shee ag mes se tee 384
MePlCMONIAGCRO Loo. - 22. se saice sess -- ese 456-467
U7 PERSUS 07 gs OOS aS “66-467
CIOQANS ire pas on sie ee eae oe cee e eet ~ 68
MEMOTORGHINGT OG 52 a ote sea eee cse cease 44
OTIS ULES a ee 224-239
ONVOONUMT: «05, ccs - 65> nes sce eaes ualsaee 226-232
PEN YVDOGIRCORG: Sods... 05.52 se cece cect ec usese 76-82
EM REEMMMAMIOD IE SEE ix s ais cco inis ee abe lie S.coas 5 76
Polypody, leather-leaf....................- 77
MRM © cis aids <n m'w o's veces os ssc opmeo es 77
RPE or tO fei ky Sa pan tha td JB oe 2 111
RPE OT ie cs See ns Oren ns 80
munitum, distribution...........-.---- 41
DMI RRS © Ss oe cya Sa ain etm caimsice sels 96
RRP a ele Sielo aK nue a cig vie bas open bee 178
MI SONIOUIBOCRD -). 6.56062 anes oe cove see eee esse 178
ET | Ee ae 283-285
OS Ga ats NOGA 217
EGU MNOCRY fae', Seas s sian ddisicccasceeses 49
RCRD Nin ots Si 4 Simic oa ofe sc eiaicind sad 42, 49, 57
PrOMEMOHE con voks ss sce. sees Feces teh Ge Ab a ee.3 245
POTEUIACROORE. «os ene coe ees see iS eeniiays 245-251
PRPMEIORLONN cic 0 5 5 Sin oie nid oo vee ooo cocen 96
POsMoORelonaceae.......:. 2.2... se eee eee eee 96-98
I OCORUMIS. . Salo. = sa0-- + hale. Seca setigee 336-339
Vo | tr i 62
-Prairies, bunchgrass, v ezetation. PEE EARL 48
Precipitation, Weather Bureau tables...... 27-28
EIR Doc aN oe RES wot ogseceecscsadecae 396
DeTUAMVORG, OV OTITIS oo. soc. tse cdccce ne ceeees 7
MOM Mee wis eke cesgececceetesdsee 444-448
WER GOGH a otal > nats cece vais escveiciee nose 444-448
POET IO Potrcs ews cigs 5 55 fees bd cles ap sesies 201
PDUMU Aneta Rites Seats <2 seeds = <oe ene pe sss 489
PPAR ES aegis a So Stee AU s fans cts ele sscceae 348
PESO TINIE oa) ails n'y wesc ecislgue ss sp es <b aaw 94
ROOUORAL = sauce so8 foc omen ens aoe aos 41,50
MERITS oi, Sines crane rae vse wens ¥Sa aes 607
Pe ORION 8.5 sa cia ckx'ge goeeses sigh ees <cjss-e 363
UE Se ae ee 41,78
SI MORNIN: Seen a's thao e soc cielsie's wn mice aisvoelesie = 78
EMMITT RSE ro tcle o\as Bac cag ade ccce'eslewesec® 435
BROTOMCUON ccd do ceds cen sar el/siscacss 57
RIUMINERCCONS Ri tie 5S. a TRE ce bo uksies od bets « 232
[2 ee re Sicttous Satie ia ieee 429
PORTALS = 2 hoy Seen thee RJeses ope Oeeseee 541
MEE MICH Oh rss oso pin sem alae e aah ige iris, Hae 578
EBLE OeSg. 3c Saha Spe Sacha 5 ain lorelovaase aK ohgta aloes 539
MPU! cae SS ic cats seg ook bo Saale ares S 141
Puget Sound Basin physiography and geol
BURP ES itt 3 SIRS Balok, Parag Seas S alee SS MAS 21
Puget Sound Wilkes expedition. ....-..... 15
MIAN a os 7 ccicdert uriek ie conde kar iaeeaaceG 268
SEOMACTIUANS 3, nie Samsinvbecea arte rKess ae 62
Pursh description of Lewis and Clark
BISULE SS 55 chaleeva'e's iba iea arate eipee marcas ll
MONOD Soro orce See Prac aslsce sas Eeet RETR TON 245
RMP REDISG Seo s motets Jin uierveriees oe wma war ate tate 245

Page.
MTOM. teak osecs cobes tonssanebiccas sve 433-435
WAIN yee (See co Cte ecitaaes csase 432-435
eV NOLACEAG sc a2 -ceaemen cscs seta sean Sener 422-435
SE PPIGCOME aca s apa's osc oh oe ade dads soe ee 559
Pe VEG Sre ict te so deosrbtcs cesses ese ean eee Soe 347
diversifolia, distribution............... 42
UBB GTARS © 9. oss aes cewaus suet ee cet oce ee 149
Quamash Flats, botanical specimens....... 11
SUITS fo noe ce eas oa os ees Sa eee ee 190
BLU POR So 5 ew csacle acess eassetee ss xcaecte 613
CRIGION ence Reto SiC ae oe ce ea een 220
RETRY ANE oo). ccs oe ese Seas oe te aC 42
‘QublWOre 23.525 S524 Seed cas teen cole neste ene 88
REDO DPS. Seat es estes cis. ce teeee coe 36, 558
Rabbit-loot clover. css. s.seceee ees skies 361
BRIE recesses eee seen ocr eae 307
HAE WCC tes Siac oes sess ee eae oe aie erie 551
family Ts eestor ws oceans. yee 550-552
Rainfall, Weather Bureau tables 27-28
Rainier, Mount, botanical collection . ...... 19
Mathioras:: S555 ccc Jona cote cs emote ciate eater 594
Ramm, Charles A., botanical collection 18
RAMOBGG ol) 2 6G eda ad sect aliens eewaales 488
PAN UNCWACEAG: <eiex cscs coos ee cecaseedew 265-282
Ranwhealye cc. <2. cw dsctesecwsascivecseese 270-277
occidentalis laevicaulis................. 613
Suksdorhiy 2 eds sas Sowa ceesecaeee 62
IREDDSBUE Shona wecens tssaekelewe saan cease 307
RADantian cect car oe takoec es soaseen sets 537
Rattlesnake plantain. ....5/2.sssseenssareee 208
REZOUMOISE VA: 25.5 cece Sliecancetersewsee 222
ReQ@eners. -oedewc ke tcece see ice eee 42,219
fSGCUO Hic 2G ee nee ae Sa cae entero ease 137
MRcee ieersaweee tes os oe Late ek eee 41, 50, 58,94
TASPUOIT Ys <5 5 os srceic ses tetas seer cene 334
READ ca k 2 Sess toseiceeszcdpees essen 119
RRO es oe a ceauies Sawccie hee ie aa ae eS 125
UT ar ale ce cate cette Cote nene imerreraeaee 95
CANATY STABS. 6 :.2.2525- Pereueabc me eaniee 106
Rbamnaceae feds: soc ctcc cee week week 386-388
RNAMBUS! 2202 oc 32 esas ne Shae nes emcaest aeeaee 386
PUNE LOU iso eee ious een emaaie 511
RMON Sioa wee tsea sea ciitec ce seo eeneirinas 308
RNOGUMONGTON cs os cciar sec seat el seieas 440
RIDINGTON SS f26 wee ois oe ce ieee ee 60
FUROR shore Seer settee oon cies ees ete 383
RAVSCHOSNOlA yess aeseas ec eee ses e eee oe 161
BADGR a 6h fen sae 8 atl cee nate he iiseionie eae 323-327
DIDCHCONUD As Us niyo tins costs act as oan eohhee 42
howellii...:....... Medica vais stiee eee Owes 60
WUOTMNGR WF; sek oks veces. case seas cosets 49
PEVERIIIN Sinl he oo oc Vesins sale Paceuee pes Shue 49
WOIMOTOI 4s cds nclovwan catasaeirnee ses 47
GAT OTITIN ohn c Ge caw anos ee ce Sante eacl 42
Ne Terie Cate get oe ce Ce SCs hice the Science be 6
PRIPIOWE DDS nc. Ssiee ein dace u tc ccse eth enbiae's 583
Rimrock deinition and flora............... 49
RODIMNGONs Dey Vim scech se ceosaks ole ecihcan 6
ROG ATCSS ue cutee cece ed ae aaesc ase eben s LLei eee
PRONE ts ee da cto Scarce n sae ae ee 49, 246
Rocky Mountain plants in Arid Transition . 52
Rocky Mountain juniper..................- 90

Rocky Mountains plant species.......... . 72

HPOREODZOLUEL i. <5 Serccne see e ose eo ceen a Une 468
RHA grad as oie pcs nace 6) he Soe Rise Sore HSH ah SOOT ERS
BEOSO See cise neces eis cteaewacieeaeaiti suse ese 334

ee
ae he
634 INDEX.
Page. | ! Page.
IRSA ST INNGCATPA. . - 2 225 <2 220556255582 50 | Saxifraga paddoensis ...................45 ; x
TRUM OM CS aon espe cbaddaedtonsneats. | SO tolmiel .. . - .o...<.2s sc ackes eee ae ( :
MIBOGRPORD, 22° 5. Uses bee se cata Oe 49 | Saxifragaceas.. .<:. s+... nas vacecen aaa - 310-323
PEPMPORR 2s 22 oo oc de ae ease gatas eenns 328-345 | Saxifrage......... abe odo ec te need suecaie 312-317
Ms Bot eho as 6 Oh ccacncynvantt Wye vate 334 family. «2 «50s ni -s<as fevdesiee reborn 62, 310-323
POND IMINU GSS selec e.ccs eo ces se stetc 49;$28-345 | Scablands. .. 5.0.05 sccsucsatetueds “4a tee a
PORK Gh oie tata deine Dee she ose ck caGlwe te ees 246 |. Schouchszerias. (.ces~.<'s cau ceesbossae <eeekas
LGC A cece Shee ee ac nae ie pm circ sse 398 palustris... <<... est eacces case ens
Hough meadow, Brass. . <<... ..- 5 es eee es 131 | Scheuchzeriacese: ©... 2. at edeck weneeadveme
RUCMROCROLA 1 A icaat stages ca tensacescoeoes 525-527 | Schizonotus....<:....5..cccs.cusstepeseabepton
NIG casi ccacs shee aves 205 seek Somes 332-334 | Schoenocrambe..........-...s.ecsseesteeee =
ihacropetalus:-o 0.5252. ssasesc 2322s 5 oe 41) Selrpus ies codes sc o2255).. Soenaet eens . 156-
MLV ANS so Soe Scorn ce ee nce ses vane eoass 58: | Scorzonelle =. 0.03.3 -2i4- son tades tick aeul “a
PAL VINOLUSS oes oeercue sc Saeee eo ones 41,51 | Seouler, botanical work in Washington.....
Mperballlig = .2\< 25 osd5 oan senck cess stees 42,47 | Soouler willow ....../.4s::.4ss-00s<susuaame 41, 42
Pecbecktn occa Sire hye eet 579 | ‘Scouring rush .:..< 5.020. sisesasecas eeuaee ee 3canl
Mele OR OW ..3c-s 25 22 sets see fe ee eerste oe 28: | Scribnervia < :..255.-..<. ccd ves ot Donbe ss netee eee | a
. Ruhn, Doctor, botanical work............. 19 | Scrophularia. «25... 02:0... Sens0'> ext achvaeete Pe kee.
Riles fsacre cer rc ecsecaven: roses te taar es 224-226 | Scrophulariaceae..............2..02eeeees 494-519
Rippin oo ok fara aes op osag sans scekusane ats 00 | Scutellaria. <..:.<.000...ces ihn Rae 488 3-2
raiaritiina ss 0 eR ee eee 44 angustifolif. 22) s.-.ss00 ofa eee an aes A.
Bais os os esac as tay aes at 178-184 | Seashores, vegetation............-...24. -- 45-46
fells? osceeet ner oe ea teed L7GIO8 | Badge, 6. ...0- cicdnrs soa siveceaontecee ae 161-177.
OGM SS 5 oss ckccisaedss hsoetca tars 85 family... <.4 seas. ssc i stack cde seein 154-1770
WOOD ccc ors eer sade uacetoee ice 184-186 | Sedum. .o-3....--.<<-. stevens: bez 00 ee 308
Russian thistles.7: 5 22.00. 6 0es cusses ec. se 20) Selaginella ......:.....-.003005038 Skee Beam *
IVORY ORAS oe oo ate does tlaesceesectante 150-152 | Selaginellaceae...............2.secececsaeees S725
Teremnlal oc 2 oeoesnnaeks eacet ee see ac be 146 «| SAMBO oo snc ceca ec acsecccccscdeelees pena 595-601
Beridocarpus . «i. c vs esse esas 0nnsd sheers 569 —
Yc) | Og Os a ee ene eT, oe gai’ |) Serviceberry.......02..65525006 0094S 49,345
WHO. von cgtcres sue ckeearaasousiscee ses 689) SUGHES.; ios 5565s 20chccns eooone Ore 106
SRMCULUNN Co, Cece sok coe eae ieee 85, 36, 49, 586-500 | Sheep sorrel...............0cscccesqesscenes 225+ +
GOTNMOM: 25 2ca205 5 cqccescccavisacaderys 580° | Shepherdia < . 0. s.0 wv isicccsantnveeseeeen fps (fie *
SCADIADG oe oie cck ck ee Sos cdencicwcsagxas $89 | Shepherd’s purse... .... 6200.50.97 seme pean 3030
SRRING fesse oboe te A Oe eee 250 | Shooting star. .....2....:s0csa0e0ndees 62, 445-446
RRCCGFER 5 ont Ses ers ec caes sees cswsrceiea 19a, | Shore pines; ..........:...sussy dane oA eee 43
EN Sn ee ee ee oe ae 41, 47,441 | Shrubs, Canadian zone......2.........-4.- 591’ ee
PAMCACORG. = 6. 255s cesses cakes soussseessnss 211-217 | Humid Transition. .............. wee 54,55, 56
PMCORDI Bon S vaca leanne dans x Asko scenes 240 | Upper Sonoran............:3 ssscgaae 39
MMDIQUAS 2585 eee d= ects ot seeontessa50s 45.) SIBDAMMI a. 5c. <5. -cs52.2. 0s c0nss asege renee 340
CUD RR ee rane OP SAA AS Ser IS HA B31 O07 | SAM Zo en cre caccre cet tes stsse ess coe tee 389»
ANGPUINNOONS oa coo cnsovesisetcecankwess 46 | Sidaloen..............0.2- seceeensncenssones 388
BCOulsIONE oa. cypstacceccsaseceraeeacs 41 Sierras, northern, flora. ........<.cs.cseeyemen = <0 §
Saloon DOG 25-8 5. eecas sce «css scce nee 42, 47,938. | Blaverelaccis.<<cse5505250 teas shaved eee 344
SMISY soos ree yewc scan eeeaw es ostwctane face Ns 539 CHIACA. . oo.cen vice sc esees cccseennea tm mampe 44)
FTE) Pare a alent ee er pee A ee 260) BIGNRCORG. 2.css ieioiselsocialies eee 2524264
PORE BERIN 6 Sees ces Bovis ween ees 45,138: | Stletie. .c2ieessedsacierssessese > thee 252-255
Salt marshes, vegetation................... 45 | Silybum..............02e esses seesee eer enees 609
MAEM INCOR soc aa teacees ccncccneee nae tsa 84 | Sisymbrivn . ..c.0 56. 0eens macs oxo pee eee 301-302 +8
PMIDPNICUES SA ceases we eas oesis ee ok ee 530° | Sinyrinohiam:. .... 5 <0600n seen vemos i és per tO ae
CANICAIDA: 2. .25%se200552 be ee rah ps aa 431) Stanton. 0.c.cc ceo lecece Oe Shoat . 153-154
Sandalwood family............02222...22-+- 293 | Sitka spruce.............00-s0ecerc-etses 41,4695
Sandberg and Leiberg, botanical work in Bis. oc ss no ones sec cdaeteacvateeuee Teer 4300
WVIAMIA EIEN os OO pacars coclalest on pete ee We SWAY o5.050 ace -eticecsade weeds Leste.
PUEORMMGE DSS 2% Seca ac ea os heh. SS 335 | Skunk'cabbage. .-..;,..<-.15:2-Sacrates ee tees Ite
EMR CO Sy g Crh ty. Sig aa Fe mes 414 | Skunk-weed.............. Fae tet nce tee ee - 3255
Te a RE See ae ee ee a 613 | Smelowskia.. ....-.....00+ssseccssnergugueds 3000
TIER INO CHO Nie gs Sects ces haps wcdtnearcce cs 228: | STUUMCANGS seas aisiciiescccetsledaqs way een 199, 200,202.
BEDODALIAN Geko oy cote oe ene ane 2a cee ender ss 256 | Smith, Ernest C., botanical work in Wash-
OR COWR GTN: «oS 5 gvenes byes sseecesss es Re A 239° ington... . ~~... +. -ee eee eee eect eee teres 18 7 5
WORT ICING UR cot See viens e ciclalatcie'cinc os 36 | Smooth wild Oat... 224-006 ccay asee Posies 123°= =
PRGGBOLOR.: 62st che iG sent nkdcnseesssces 611 | ‘‘Snappers’’........ La Sees 9s Ue meas ea cam 222 P|
ORE CR Ee ea a ee 106 | SNOWDELTY o.oo sea ce nsec ar ecasspieaos ThneE |! ae
OSs LT ree OS a 312-317 | Solanaceae... .+..<.-sc<52-haec-p hee ae eae 519-521.”
bracteosa leptopetala.................. 613 | Solanum . .....022s020s canes tant zeentemeea 520.
PMCTOD RUM Basates cave. ba8s.c 252 cc's 6 613 | Solidago...........2-+--ceeeesnes ce devswns 561-563
fragosa leucandra................-....- 613 | Sonchus ..2 5 ic 0cs5 <. i502 .-0ese3 SL 54
;
’ x

i oe

» te me es el

Se

rf

INDEX. 635
Page. : = Page.
Sonoran, Upper. (See Upper Sonoran.) EAP NOCICRIIOS. «onc onsets oSaveno-+ see cs 528
Sorrel, mountain................-... ean atte 224 ENUOTHORUES 4 So. aa carerear ieee RY 49
OEE See lees SE ir ae DOD ces VAENOTMOIMNY os. oo os cn. shia aoe eas ees 5. 108
RMEERIDUIC Joo asc. oh lises cod semee- Sas obese BODE RVUBUNUTIN, 2-2 2055 Sos notes & eae saeee mele 504
Spalding, Henry, botanical collection...... 16 pinnatifida tomentosa... 6 sf...2. 0.56 66
PRPRMMEIACORG 2 Sas. Fy2e ca eects ede ns os 95 FONMGTONS «(.)--5 Sees bats te Aan ce dates 67
BMMEMUISET ATS oo cco o Sore a te sn B49 04 Seve 0% LTS vb La Lal: oe i ae eee nee gee Sepa a 327
5 tt eu as tose See 145
MNEs © <S< oa 3x5 <5 32.cee3 ee sesns sce oe AOE ANIM coc. Lon sceewct ee ate eee kcey DAF
Species, admission to present flora......... 5. |) Tall meadow oatgrass.......-....-.5--.c6s- 121
limitation, author’s position........... Gait EAROLOUMIN dino uj2 Soe ce oek Snes er eu eels a~ ose 586
0 SENS Ry a a NS ae oh ene BOO} ERUBY) BRIGCD 558 eves s voc cengecerasionses 586
MEE WONN cai e ain emt vices Se oe zens ctene DOS-S0G Ee ATA RACH s oS 5iajot aye bie ca Sa bes sige nr bs sis cois h 545
Spergula...........- — OEE Poe Se beet LR RIMMER nit chic dc oars AU rosac so tkeseeats 405
MIMI La free nate Ta a 2 oc nee; «lo ee 2 PHS. PR EWOGE cso cc ses sss e esc eeeee ease eees 575-577
SS AIDS (go UNS fae al eae BOO | A URACOR Om. See ence tars oe Uae eps etnias aS 89
PARE OSUIETIA <6 Ys obec a eos ene e case MOSM ER ARUSD C25 eo pews Lueean bases stag ses ere 89
Sphagnum bogs, vegetation...............- AGM PIT DRA LAOTAN OLS a cotgs cao weg pe kee eeneseee ee 441
MTEL Se RS ed a LAO RORBEN 5 oi2h Siiss,cltue Salads Se ctcmie nike’ aiels sreewis ce 535
ner AS Se Seine Scere ne renee SAME KPOMMGIA 2 2S) Mack ac wee ioc soem ase sek aetyar 317
uN MITIRIT Rah, isos a orc mo elms dre = aici we #10 doa'e os 211 | Temperature, eastern Washington......... 31
RMN ee er ialos Asa saciaan ak see anaes ems 177 western Washington..............-..-- 30
LRU a ac Se RAMA POtERO SIAN tse es ee en eee 590
og ais, 52a ER ee AL2-113- 1)” MONCTON. Bite ccr coche meses sins bssiciegcintee's 487
MMIC SS PI os 5c2 nals cede ccna p+ sa ceete'ce Oli) IRIOBIS: Sc cecssetes seacs este nce semaaewsic 521
wie ny UES SINS Sa an a aA 6a oi Dhalictrume . Si. 22025 ok ose osc oss Pere ee 268
OU NESS Ta 07 OSM ARNOIT HOGI wate coraceeaceb sc emece ues renee).
POI MIESPEI MDG Soe, a sinc tie cing sc tescee 58;95\\) “BROMNOpSIN 2c. no se oe owen ween deae 349
PIA TAUN o Ke wince ctvdncecsewas 41, 46, 95 MONTAGE. 5. os ont cscene pb eeeos cece eee 66
(FE SRR hg A aera DOGit THONION scr enc sy sda s once te eee ee oe 311
SAFO ESOS co) eo 149 Majusintermed iw. s.. -..55-.ns0neos ese 66
ULAR OS SS) J00'.4| ERIM DiS Werrey os occ soc ececcn.oe ow els cathe 41, 51, 333
BRMGEY DOS SR ose oe wtbissWdew ss ose’es soe SOON | Miele eee ee casa ccs sean 609-611
DEMME ME gg MOS oid, 5 a eae oe See a doe 490 DIGHREG Jo cess oe aoe Ince ase eee ees nase 608
eS a 384 DU pc de eee od oe ens eseacthecsme 609-611
RECOM GMail ocle\p'<ig wb dipe'pe'sit seins sada sis 447 CARGAS oo cs beer cree cakes seen ase eese 609
REED ois oa ccs steps Soc dS ceases. 449 iit) 1) | Ree te Pee re, Meare tener rsree rt eee 609
DRIER ys ia as o's 0 ag WE so vo oc be esse sess 448 SUMSAIRTIS Sic sce cc ctewentpass nares ates 240
ciiiatum-occidentale.-...--......--..... 614 BOWS coo ooo muccsiavibseearscede cesaecaces 549
MM COLE Soo a.5°S soc oct ndascwesy << 3s 7 Ji di Wald bs 1 | 0) lee ney er eA eA ee eRe 305
SECTS 2 0 a 197M AL DOMMBDPIOs costa ci woseese esos sodas sete 346
REO IRI LI Os Sac Mea accincsienvct tenes BOO sl HE MENG ae oan aw eet mows powers eases seGesekee 449
Steptoe, definition of term.................. OG RRR cree arta tat cia tan, =e eee 91
Steptoe Butte, description............ ieee 26 WUCRIAN ck Z dacs See ce basses woes esaes 71
PRORAMUBLIT OL 53 ote 55g satis s sindy cscisedstseacass Slt CED YGRNOCATDUB 1. ...cn0c cs core cies nieces 306
SMR M as h e sc nies wes Suede enaccccasaels 107-100 A inreila eos ccc casera se roececcecesescnaes 317
IUMMCRSEOS OE chit Sie Big sb aa oix'e a ca garg aes cawoeas 308 | Tillaeastrum............. jo Salss ee Seu ce 308
DIEU SEES owas carga ioe oN aa es bise's gs 308-310 | Timber, distributional peculiarities. ....... 35
CRMMUMSIOR EN cits onic no's au.6 Fuss Dai de eee sesat es B40) TIMOED Ys. occ cpkeci sewn sckstascecsacere 111
(LEE CT RINE oe a ee ee DOG PI SR Ge oe bea. cing ing ee ante Soe eis owe nie ee area aoe 263
UMC DI SERINE 20% SoS hG Sone s o's onde SSR a's abc ees OE"! “PopaCCO TOON a Nosed accccs sane sscssacans> 4 532
RAMENTUBUOTSCONLS sins os ocdieistine we ves cow sciee yes TO." DONMCIR co werent Asc smmulhSnnstecaleMnleceeerc 196
MMU OLS oO. oc Saii'c sean trees bee oes sabes 240 | Tolmie, botanical work in Washington...-. 14
<1 i RSE ok ge a Bh3"'l\ WoneliAce See cee okt pateaswetaee 496
DERE WL GS. sco aiewie sac otis ewan dear cbs eee 966" || TOWREANUtEt os! cin isek cccswcediwscessceee 563
Sugar pine; discovery by Douglas.......... LB Ol\ POL LOTENANON fa Noss os see bkdiocige os cece 384
BEPEBRIEI ONS OIN c= oo 3 ceca pam Tas acs nase Gees Gal ST TASONORON A et oo. as edccicneaasenes 539
botanical work in Washington......... 18 | Transition floras, arid and humid com-
MRE Sitio ce as oes eee ato baat Uogtae 383 RRO sae perce Mote ao coon cn manereceeula 53-58
PEO cicie tc aivaviseas devs us docawale cess s 46.300; ||. Ee eVOULetIauae s/c ease ss sins coamckva seuss 269
SU Gi a ae eee oa te SOT it) Drees: Canadian: 2ONG. c)..0 Sac cc ccc cecee cis 59
1 VSS I ent 48, 582 distributional peculiarities............- 35
BIUD Se Ehe, P98 io os stare ie hoi ciniats Seiten x Benes 49 humid transition, comparisons...... 53, 54,55
Sunshine, Weather Bureau, statistics....... 29 Upper ponaeran, Mets. 222 65.%65.c0c cease 38-39
Oo) Gon a ee ee ee en a BO 2k 1 PETROV OUORY oc ocexc cosy cade ceniewinsaipsisiascle 363
BERLE ioe: Sena te Sawa Sa aoc ch Bee eEt Oe als PIP OSUETIR hl tag che co eoac tin se ass eeneels 487
BrmmeeyMerDAl STASS 6 eo 5 ois 35 bie Sole eee te AUS Drlemi eine: Soe. soca gece ote caccwswes cn 447

ass _ » = i we ee ali Wa is
636. =P . INDEX.
Page.
% SEPSIMIM HE ota oe ane owe os owen cad Sousa sack 358-363. | Vetch. «2.01.5. .coteccganee Se wedeawes we
RUMMMCIMAS oS croo Ses act. sehen brass sted tases 100 COMMON... 2 isn ons 2 cane n beeen eee wee oe
Sh PORECIEATITADY soo ee rae ee 45 MEK... ....2...0eseug sesangereee eee * 367-
€ APEAMDINS 2 coe 2-6 8 Oe ee Fea se eee 199 | Viburnum... -..:<.. ont ,cujkaucneb ee eee a
petioiatum).- 2. <y 2253s: eeeesesss253-- 490] Vileia-t5 cect cea snes Siw ocamnehatece nh
SETOHOLNIONG 22 not Re econ coswa tees gsss 124 | washingtonensis. .... 0 s.c.cees des cease
PTMCUM = an anc sionndt wesc onc eS oa sine eo tess 149) | V8if[es occas chsces ecole bated
SEFDINUS ows eas tee cena cate 277 |) Nala .o2.05.. 255. has coke ee ee oe OR
PHODUINON a3 oleae aos teen ose Gaeta ae Ree 542 | Glabella. ..2.0055..e3senctist cane
PMN Ss Stace rs etal chelates dios sles We nlsid cars sales 94 | langadorfil . on ..550c.0ccasu> oo Soe tae
Merven wana. 0.5256 sec aekactseeessees 60" | Violacea@sessn.05 5.ca0c bok neta
Tucker, Susan, botanical work in Washing- Vi0let... -vescawccscs won encsee ieee
PON (eae eens etter teas heeree meenes 18 family a2 conve. vawncuceseadseey ee
Thm blew eed < 2is22< css. o i aos see wa bte sks ooees 244°} Vilechtas: 2ccecnc nce dsseee ed cocadt ape eee
‘Sumbling: mustard: <=... u255660ccsece. cess 303
Trl pee ie sevee x2 ocean eed sc oe eataance 301 | Wall barley.................0is 0s +.smeeeee
Purtiehend es cee eee ee ee eae 508 | Wake-robin.os.s..5<3. 505355. s005250ceee
Miveods. Mrank S.. syecaccxss cose nekes cekee 18 | Wapato...<.. «0.55%. serercescss eee
Pinta at yan. ee pick SER Sto ee _ 95 | Washington Forest Reserve, botanical col- rat
>. DY PHACERG ea cee, cer detec on ox me ac eae = 95 leation 2%... cccieeds ween e¥e dius ooo eae 19
. ashingtonia ...:....2..,.,.c<0.0.e eee 416
LOC) cp eR ee Cae es WEEE Ore aaa Re Cee eee 358 | Water.cress.....cc.c<..icccson- 120 Soe 296 |
UIIMAGCCRO’ Foe aio dots vate ceauseessaes 221 CTOWLOOE gan oo occa een e'e'sw a's oon hee
Unifoliumss.cc.< ts oss sa noceass coseaet ee eae se 200 hemlock . (068s 5ess 2. ke 5 nage
Uplands, vegetation, etc...........2..2.... 42 milfoil family. ... 2.2... :00;s.scekmmeen
Upper Sonoran life area..................2- 35-40 PATBICY .... 22. ncesecees cde d OF eR BORE
altitudinallimitecs: > 222-2222 ser 2s 36 plantain... 6.605... oee sree
temperature data...................2..- 31 starwort family
Upper Sonoran flora, origin. ............... 37-40 |; Waterléal.... 2.2.0 e0c 0 sss ..s coteaaee ~ 468 —
Pn ROT eR EIDE & pn PIED | oh 38-39 fatilly...<..ci.s<s00c0edss62naee 467-472 —
WPropappusscss2.05. oeeses ars ented ce ese 589 | Waterlily familly... .. 22. civecectespeamanee 264
UTticg ic cennse tener ye ae eee 901. | Watershiéld. ....<....:..<coss cee See te
Urticdceads: 6; hts s cee cic eee dy g21 | Waterweed....-..3....<.c.si0t, So denteeme o 201
: triovlarlanncssos. oye cece oan cash os 523 | ,Waterwort family .................<cecasows
a Watson, Sereno, botanical work in Wash- BS
| VR OCRTI RAS a eae net ree ers 256 IN@tON . 0.46 .-2<5-02+-05e0108 sar aera eee .
Vacciniacedes.-s 63-22 so ee 442-444 | WaxbeIrty.............00s. tend conenseeQeenee
VACUITY TT outers ene Cee me ae 442-444 | Wenache Mountains and Mount Stuart,
cospitosiim. 2... o.oo Repo 49 botanical features, etc..............eteee
macrophylliml'=: = siesoc6 26 foce see ee 37 | Western hemlock... ...-.....«-..00csagsaumu [
Swallfoittim .!eo-eep cn oe ne 58 Watoh 22 25..5-+252000s0tue aaa nae £8, 93
OVAtUM cct4cse tc aes ee ete eee 47 white pin... ...........66.5ssuenmeseny e
Parvifoltmi Ta sou sesse none cess oie 47 VOW «o-oo eee eee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee
iV SQNCTA Sec arre nee Ae a ee eee ee 199 | Wheat bunchgrass.-.... 0. 2.3.30ssdeemewes < 5.3
Walerian temilyis.Scevs2epeses erie sks 580-896 |" RTAMR. 2.505 00cenvesene.y oA 146-149
Walerianars. bocce eee ae a ee 532 | Wheeler, (C. P........2-... 02023 .sennueeeeie Sg
Valerianaceae...................2......... 582-535 | Whipplea.............---.- eee eeeeeeeee ees . 827
Maleriatialiase. sons eee se 539-598 | WhIG fir... <2.5.225..5<c5a.c000 soe eee £2, 58,94
Vallisneriachae: 22. 2:'-soceic cee ences. 101 | White pine, western..............-..-..+.0- 58
Vancouver, Fort, botanical collections ..... 16 | White-bark pine..........0...6.2--.22e0s20s a
Vancouver Strip, application of name...... 40.) Whited; Boras ga rsceec ac co ose ab la «eee << }
comparison of flora..................... 53,54 botanical work... ..s-.2.2,.0.5e¢ vere 1 OE
Vaancouveria.. ...--.....s02s-cecs- oe ates 093 | Wight; W. Foi c.c.nscssccreseecnamen ee ee, |
PR GRGIA BIASES 62 OS costae scala as eae 106 | Wilkes, Commodore, northwest expeattion 15
IV et ates EPA See A ee NR ONS GE 283 | Wilkes Expedition, lack of specimens... ... Se
. Vasey, George R., botanical work in Wash- WiNOW 5o5.05 esc eekaewessdanedaoee 46, 49, 211-217
Uf cig 0S 1 Naps tet erg mire OP RN GRAS aie Seas e 18 TAT oso ins 0 conc sracsteese sie Veee tee ee
WAIVOU PARR: or ccc8 S28 ee ee 121 NOTD I Oo esac cca cets ae Jeane e Cee
Venus’s looking-glass.................1..... 536 Seouler: . o.. sch ec cc chs euae.ete eet
WePALTUM Ss. c- con oteca.= sae sesen sens tess 196 | Winds, chinook, ete
WELDASOUIN ose ee eee eee ee 494°) Winter fat: ... 42.25.2200 canes nee 241
: OMNIA. ofa goateties S220 i covee aoc eee ec ck ee 519 | Witches-brooms......-.......<0sesnaseaune 22
A gE Tar} ines 2 ot a ee aE a 519 | WoOkas’:< cosmo Seccuseerccseer eee ‘
. WerbenaCeae: 90528 2 tewinacc2 een ak Bogen ore 519 | Wood. fern. ....2.<5.2255005 os sank te ea
WEEODICRE. Stee antic on iuwe koe sceet ace 505-506 TUS 2 22s nets ake Seaak cee cea ee

INDEX. 637
Page. a Page.
BIN ore hn Souci s che acer cek ates sis Sea POrOOW MOCK Se 5.2 et acawhaeuccdless rece sae 225
MPC WHTOIS cle. wy ibs foto Sewn shea nese seed ike Pe BNOW DINOS. ons wncck Loews ee chacb eowcs ose 92
MUPOMY SOTCN Gai oo 2 caniewent -sacenetennae sre 92 POTCS iste oa shes haar soslaveawes.soten 50-51, 53
RSE VEOOEN~ Sg wink yc lee tis eins aln's «ote nee BOG—G0 sy Y OLN DUCNI=. 2. ices cad ccs ecs deen ce es cass 493
Wyeth, collection of latte on Flathead DOWNY = oo x tear cee ea tale a keen a seine 89
RASS CE ee Se Aaa a 14 WORUCID < -c-oe ec ccee sa sec sissies ea wan 89
EE, Sa NN oe eak Seances - 581
. MOTMICHOLIG 255 5. ag or cccws ness camara eonacere 99
RTRRIEL P02 Sag maar cs veka SS ao aE GOUT LNCANS won odes cbse odes ce dosicdees betaet seals 427
COONS) tig LET or ae 197 | Zonal distribution of plants in Washington. 33-65
BRS ern ieee s Say Soden ct oie oes 60 | Zones, life, North American, scheme....... 34
LOR UOT Ae oles ane a Reet ne oiix cas eee eee 99
SEMA COME A! ems. os occas esse reese OTs) PVRAPNUB a oe fogs. Gh aoa. seeleceice es oeee 197

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BINDING LIST MAY 1 1939

Qk Piper, Charles Vancouver
| ae Flora of the state of
| P56 Washington
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| BioMed

| UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY

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