gK233 .E35 c.2 THE FLOKA * n I TANICU OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, BY BA.ROIST H. F. .A. EGGEES. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1879. ^35' c;2 ADVERTISE M E N T . This work is the thirteenth of a series of papers intended to illustrate the collections of natural history and ethnology belonging to the United States, and constituting the National Museum, of which the Smithsonian Institution was placed in charge by the act of Congress of August 10, 1SI6. It has been prepared at the request of the Institution, and printed by authority of the honorable Secretary of the Interior. SPENCER E. BAIRD, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, May, 1879. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, WEST INDIES. By Baron H. F. A. Eggers. To the east of the island of Porto Eico, between 18° 5' and 1S° 45' K lat. and 64° 5' and 65° 35' W. long., stretches a dense cluster of some larger and numerous smaller islands for a distance of about 85 miles, which are known by the name of the Virgin Islands. The principal islands are Vieques and Culebra, belonging to Spain, St. Thomas and St. Jan, belongiug to Denmark, and Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and Anegada, belonging to England. The superficial area of the larger islands is only from 1C to 40 square miles, whilst the smaller ones are mostly uninhabited islets, or even rocks, some of which are nearly devoid of vegetation, the coast-line of them all being sinuous, and forming numerous small bays and creeks. The whole group is evidently a submarine prolongation of the mountains of Porto Eico, showing its tops and higher ridges above the level of the sea, the depth of which between the various islands and Porto Eico is only from 6 to 20 fathoms. The declivities to the north and the south of the ridge on the reverse are very steep, no bottom hav- ing been found 25 miles to the south in 2000 fathoms, and 80 miles to the north the Challenger Expedition found a depth of about 3850 fathoms, the greatest ever measured in the northern Atlantic Ocean. The greatest height in the Archipelago is attained in its central part, St. Thomas reaching up to 1550', Tortola even to 1780', St. Jan and Virgin Gorda being a little lower, whilst the hills in Vieques and Cule- bra, to the west, are only SOO'-GOO' high, and Anegada, the northeastern- most, is, as its Spanish name, the inundated, implies, merely a low or half- submerged island, elevated but a few feet over the level of the sea. The central islands, therefore, present the appearance of a steep ridge, pre- cipitously sloping to the north and the south, and cut up by numerous ravines, which during heavy rains are the beds of small torrents, but which generally are without running water, and which at their lower end widen into small level tracts on the sea-coast, often forming a lagoon on the sandy shore. Between these level tracts the coast is usually very Bull. Fat. Mus. No. 13 1 1 2 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. "bold and rocky, forming abrupt promontories of considerable height and picturesque appearance, the hills and ridges on the other hand being more rounded and of a softer outline. The whole group of islands, with the exception of Anegada, which is built up of a tertiary limestone of very recent and i)robably pliocene date, belongs to the cretaceous period *showing as the principal rock a breccia of felsite and scoriaceous stones, the cementing part of which probably consists of decomposed hornblende, and having its cavities commonly filled with quartz or calcareous spar. Besides this principal rock, which is often found distinctly stratified, and which is called Bluebit by the inhabitants, who generally employ the stone for building materials, limestone, diorite, clay-slate, and other less frequent minerals also occur in the islands, forming, however, only a poor substratum for vegetation everywhere. For the product of the decomposed rock is generally a red heavy clay. Only Vieques shows a more fertile soil, pro- duced by the alteration of a syenite-like diorite, its more level surface at the same time allowing the fertile strata to remain on the surface; whilst in the other islands the heavy rains as a ride will wash the loose cover- ing of the ground down to the sea. From various facts observed in Anegada and Virgin Gorda by Sir B. Schomburgk,t as well as by Mr. Scott, in Vieques, at Porto Ferro Bay, it appears that at the present period the whole chain of islands is slowly rising, so that perhaps in a geologically speaking not very distant time most of the islands may become connected reciprocally and wiih Porto Bico. To the south of the Virgin Islands, at a distance of about 32 miles, and between 17° 40' and 17° 47' N. lat., G4° 35' and G4" 54' W. long., lies the island of St. Croix, geographically considered an outlying part of the former group, but separated from it by an immense chasm of more than 2000 fathoms, as stated above. This extraordinary crevice has no doubt been formed at an early period, and has in various respects contributed materially to isolating the island from its neighbours. St. Croix is of about 57 square miles, and has a triangular form, with the greatest length, some 20 miles, from east to west, the greatest breadth being about 5 miles, in the western part of the island, which becomes gradually narrower towards the east. The coast-line is more connected and the surface more level than in most of the Virgin Islands, the hills stretching only along the northern coast and through the eastern part of *Cleve: On the Geology of the North-eastern West India Islands. Stockholm, 1871. tJierghans: Ahuanach fur das Jahr 1837, pp. 405 and 408. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 3 the island, reaching in some places as high as 1150' (Mount Eagle), but averaging GOO'-SOO' only. The rock of these hills is nearly the same as in the above-named group, although the Bluebit of this latter occurs more rarely, and is sub- stituted by a fine, greyish, stratified clay-slate, without vestiges of any organic remains. The strata of this slate are often very much disturbed, so as to present an exceedingly broken and overturned appearance. The greater, western part of the island forms a large, slightly inclined plain, sloping towards the south, and interrupted in a few places by low, short, isolated ridges only 200'-30G' high, and formed of a tertiary lime- stone of the miocene period. This limestone is covered by a layer of detritus and marls some feet thick, but shows itself at the surface in various places, and contains several fossils, partly of still existing species of inollusca. Along the coasts are found some new alluvial formations, often enclos- ing lagoons, some of which are of considerable size. These lagoons are being gradually filled up by vegetable matter, as well as by sand and stones washed down by the rains from the hills; but whilst in the Virgin Islands many similar lagoons have been raised already several feet above the level of the sea, and laid completely dry, no such thing has been observed in St. Croix. This seems to indicate that no rising of the ground is taking place in the latter, as is the case in the former, as mentioned above. From its whole structure and formation it may be inferred that the soil is more fertile in St. Croix than in most of the Virgin Islands, Vieques excepted, the sugar-cane being cultivated to a considerable ex- tent on the island. Whilst thus the geology of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands presents some not unimportant differences, the climate may, on account of their similar geographical position,, as well as elevation above the sea-level, be said to be materially the same in both. In accordance with the geographical position of the islands, the tempera- ture is very constant and high, the yearly mean average being 27.2° C, divided nearly equally over all the months, the coldest, February, show- ing 25.6°, the warmest, September, 28.9°, a difference of 3.3° only. The same uniformity is observed in the daily variation, which scarcely ever surpasses 5°, the thermometer rising gradually from 6 a. m. till 2 p. in., and falling just as gradually during the rest of the 24 hours. Thus the difference of temperature at the various seasons of the year is too small to affect the life of vegetation to any very perceptible ex 4 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. tent, and it is therefore the variable degree of moisture at different times which chiefly produces any variation in the development of vegetable life at the different seasons. The lowest temperature observed at the sea-level, in the shade, is 18.1°; the highest, 35.5°. In the sun, the mercury will sometimes rise as high as 51°, but as a rule does not surpass 40°. Observations made in St. Thomas by Knox * and myself show a decrease of about 2° for an eleva- tion of every 800', which gives to the highest ridges in St. Thomas and Tortola an annual mean temperature 3£°-4° lower than that of the coast, a difference sufficient to produce some variation in the flora of these parts. The northern slope of the hills, from being the greater part of the year, viz, from August to May, less exposed to the rays of the sun, are generally also somewhat cooler and more moist than the southern ones, the consequences whereof are also felt in the life of plants to a con- siderable extent. An equal regularity, as observed in the temperature, manifests itself with regard to the pressure of the atmosphere, the daily variations of the barometer being only about 0.05", and the maximum yearly differ- ence only 0.2". It is only during strong gales and hurricanes that the barometer is more seriously affected, it then falling sometimes as much as 2". These hurricanes, as a rule, occur only during the months from August to October, at which period the trade- winds from the northeast, which otherwise blow most part of the year, generally become unsteady and uncertain. These -constant winds, combined with the high tempera- ture, no doubt are the reason why the moisture of the air is compara- tively small, being on an average only 73 per cent, of the possible maxi- mum, thus exciting a constant evaporation in plants, and rendering it necessary for them to obtain a greater supply of water through -the soil than in more moist climates. For this reason a considerable quantity of rain becomes of the highest importance to the vegetable life, as being the only form in which plants can obtain a sufficient amount of water neces- sary to their existence, even dew being very rare on account of the trade- winds blowing also during the night the greater part of the year. Neither of the islands in question is of sufficient elevation above the sea to cool and condense the atmospheric moisture brought on by the trade-wind, nor is their configuration favourable for detaining the clouds, their greatest extent being parallel to the direction of the wind. Tims, for the greater part of the year they receive only a small quantity of Kuox : An Historical Account of St. Thomas, W. I. (New York, 18f2.) FLORA OF ST. CEOIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 5 rain, falling chiefly in the form of short, rapid showers of only a few minutes' duration, and it is not till the warmer part of the year that heavy and general rains become possible in these regions. During this latter time, the trade-winds become irregular and slight, or are even entirely suspended, as stated before; hence the moisture generated by the daily evaporation from the ocean is not carried off as soon as formed, but is allowed to gather into rain-clouds, and finally to precipitate itself again as rain nearly on the same spot where it was formed. From observations made in various islands for a period of more than twenty-five years, the ajmual mean quantity of rain seems to be about the same in all the islands, averaging 42"-44"; the eastern parts of all, as being more exposed to the direct action of the winds, always show- ing a considerably smaller quantity than the central and western ones. Although no month of the year is without rain, yet from the above it will be easily concluded that there is a remarkable difference between the various months in this respect: the driest, February, having only an average of 1.5"; the wettest, October, of 1.0"; and to this difference, at the various periods of the year, it is chiefly due, that notwithstanding the uniform temperature all the year round, yet some variations in the aspect and intensity of vegetable life are observed in the various sea- sons. Both the annual and the monthly quantity of rain are subject to vary considerably, one year showing 23", or in some places 18" only, another again 70" or 78". A still greater difference may be observed between the same months of different years : thus, February having had one year 0.19" only, another, on the contrary, 3.75"; May 0.47" the one year and 1G.81" the other. These excessive variations must, no doubt, materially affect vegetable life, indicating at the same time a considerable degree of hardiness in respect to drought in the perennial plants indigenous to the islands, and as alluded to above, acting upon them in a similar way as the variations in temperature in colder climates. The number of days on which rain falls averages for the period from 1852-73, 161 a year, giving a mean fall of rain of 0.27" per diem : April showing the lowest nuuber, 9 ; October the highest, 16.- From what has been said before, it is evident, however, that the small monthly quantity of rain during the dry part of the year, viz, January to April, divided even over a great number of days (so as to amount to 0.11" or 0.18" only a day), can be of no great importance, as it is precipitated in a short shower, is insufficient for penetrating into the soil, and so is very soon 6 FLOEA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. evaporated again by the action of the sun and the trade-wind combined. It is not till May, when the increased quantity of rain is sufficient to penetrate the parched soil, that its influence and effect upon vegetation makes itself felt by renewed life and activity in all the various branches of the vegetable kingdom in general. Looking at the vegetation of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands in its generality, and without entering into details, we may consider it to be identical, as a whole, showing the same main features, and naturally divided into four distinct formations, as in most other West India Islands, viz. the littoral, the shrubby, the sylvan, and the region of cultivation, connected, of course, here and there by intermediate forma- tions, but on the whole virtually distinct from different biological con- ditions. Beginning with the littoral flora, we find along the coast in shallow water a* multitude of Alga3, among which are found some marine Phane- rogainse, especially the common Thalassia testudinum and Cymodocca manatorum, and in less quantity the beautiful little HalopMla BaiUonii, a recently discovered Potamea, with oval delicate leaves, and growing gregariously on the bottom of the sea in coarse gravel. The vegetation of tropical seashores is of a very uniform character all over the world, the physical conditions being similar on them all, and the migration from one shore to another being exceedingly facilitated by the sea as well as by birds, storms, and the action and intercourse of the inhab- itants. Thus, the same species of littoral plants are found on nearly all the West India islands, many of them also inhabitants of far distant shores on the African and Asiatic continents, — belonging to the cosmo- politan and transoceanic species, a list of which was first prepared by Eobert Brown, and afterwards augmented by A. DeCandolle, and which seem to possess an extraordinary faculty for migration. According to the different character of the coast, as sandy, rocky, or swampy, the vegetation on it also assumes a different aspect. On the sandy shore, which is composed of a fine white gravel, con- sisting principally of innumerable pieces of broken shells and corals, and thus forming a thick layer of carbonate of lime, we see a luxurious flora of trees, shrubs, and minor plants, which all, on account of the underground water collecting from the hills above, generally have a green appearance all the year round, even when the hills of the interior present a withered aspect from want of rain. Among the trees grow- ing here the most prominent are the Hippomane Maneinclla, the Cocco- FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 7 loba iirifera, Chrysobalanus Icaco, and Canella alba, besides the Cocos nucifera, which is planted and naturalized, especially on the low sandy seashore. Under these taller forms appear many kinds of shrubs, such as Ecastopliyllum Brownei, Toumefortia gnaphalodes, Borricliia arbores- cens, Ernodea litoralis, Suriana maritima, Erithalis fruticosa, Colubrina ferruginosa, Guilandina Bonduc and Bonducella, and several others. Still lower shrubs and suffrutescent herbs are Sccevola Plumieri, Tournc- fortia gnaphalodes, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Heliotropium curassavicum, Philoxcrus vermiculatus, CaJcile ccqualis, as well as several grasses and sedges, as Sporobulus litoralis, Stenotaphrum americanum, and Cyperus brunneus, as also some remarkable creepers or climbers, such as Iponum pes-caprcv and Lablab vulgaris. Most of these species disappear on the rocky cliffs, where they give room for others, mostly shrubs of a low growth, and with thicker or more coriaceous leaves, that are able to resist the force of the wind, which often bends the whole plant into a dwarfish individual, the branches of which are cut off at the top in a western direction. The most common of these shrubs are Jacquinia annularis, Elccodendron xylocarpum, Plumieria alba, and Coccoloba punctata, as well as some monocotyledonous plants, such as Pltcairnia angustifolia, Agave ameri- cana, and a few Cacti, principally the stout Melocactus communis. Still more different forms appear where the coast becomes swampy from the presence of lagoons. Here predominates the Mangrove forma- tion, composed chiefly of Laguncularia racemosa, Gonocarpus erectus, Avi- cennia nitida, and Rhizophora Mangle, which all grow more or less in the water itself. In less moist places we find some others, such as Bucida Buceras, Anona palustris, Antherylium BoJirii, and the curious Batis ma- ritima, which recalls to the mind the halophytes of the steppes. However different these various forms of littoral plants may appear, compared to each other, yet they all have in common the predilection for the sea, the saline exhalation of which seems indispensable to their growth. Some have even, like Avicennia, their leaves always covered with small salt crystals ; others, like Batis maritima, are true halophytes, and only very few of the plants of the coast in generality are found in the interior even of these small islands. An exception is made by the cocoa- nut palm, which is found growing all about on the islands, even on the top of the highest hills, as also by Coccoloba uvifera, found in similar localities. In passing from the coast into the interior we find on the eastern, and 8 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. partly also on the southern part of all the islands, a dry shrubby vege- tation of a greyish or yellowish aspect, which, from the predominating genus composing its elements, I have called the Croton vegetation. This peculiar kind of dry shrub also occurs here and there in other parts of the islands, where the soil, through reckless cultivation, has become too exhausted to produce a growth of taller trees, and it cannot be estimated to cover less than one third part of the whole surface of the islands, pre- dominating in some, as Tortola, St. Thomas, and Culebra, less conspicu- ous in others, as St. Jan, Vieques, and St. Croix. The ravines as well as the northern and western parts of the islands are often covered with a growth of taller trees, forming a kind of forest, composed of species partly evergreen and partly with deciduous foliage, and which, from one of the most prominent forms, I have called the Erio- dendron vegetation. The area covered by this formation may be taken to be about one fifth of the whole surface, the best wooded islands being St. Jan and Vieques, the least wooded ones St. Thomas and Virgin Gorda. The remainder of the surface is either used for x^asture or cultivated with sugar-cane or provisions, the former on a large scale in St. Croix and Vieques only, the latter everywhere on the islands where the soil seems proper for the purpose. This last section I term the cultivated region. Considering first the Croton vegetation, we find here a number of plants which in various ways have become enabled to resist the deteriorating effects of the dry climate, and to exist on the barren rocky soil always found where the moisture is not sufficient for decomposing the natural rock of the surface. Thus, some of these plants, as the whole of the genus Croton, already mentioned above, have small leaves, which, like the stem, are covered with scales and tomentose hair, containing besides aromatic oil, all which contrivances tend to diminish evaporation as much as possible. The most common species of this remarkable genus are G. flavus, astroiteSj bicolor, and betulinus. Other forms obtain the same object by having very small, partly deciduous leaves and their stipules transformed into prickles, especially the Acaciae, such as A. Farnesiana, macracantha, tortuosa, and sarmentosa. Others, again, are rich in milky juice, as Euphorbia petiolaris, Bauwolfia Lamarclcii, and the naturalized Galotropis procera, or merely in aqueous sap, as the Cactea?, the common- est forms of which are Melocactus communis, Gcrcus floccosus, and several species of Opuntia. Others, such as Bromeliaceae, on the contrary, have FLORA. OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 9 a very dry structure, and a dense cover of scales for protection, whilst others again, such as Anona squamosa, which are apparently without any means to resist the effects of dry weather, have no other remedy left than to shed their leaves during a part of the year, and thus preserve their existence at the temporary sacrifice of their vegetative organs. All the forms mentioned above are of very slow growth, and, with the excex)tion of a few that are used for burning charcoal, of scarcely any importance either to man or animals, for which reason the districts oc- cupied by them as a rule present a very desolate and uninviting appear- ance. "Where the climate becomes sufficiently moist, and the soil in conse- quence thereof more decomposed and fertile, the forest appears in place of the Croton vegetation, on the uncultivated lands, especially in ravines and on steep declivities, which do not allow of cultivation or grass- farming. As nearly everywhere in the tropics, the forest here is com- posed of many different species of trees mixed together, a gregarious growth being very rare. From the forests of moister tropical countries, however, the woods in these islands are distinguished by possessing a quantity of forms with thin, herbaceous leaves, which for this reason shed their foliage during a part of the year, thus combining the appear- ance of the woods of colder climates with the dark evergreen forms of the intertropical countries. Some of these species with deciduous foliage have two periods for flowering: one precocious in the first months of the year, when the small quantity of rain seems insufficient to produce both leaves and flowers at a time, and another later in the year, when both foliage and blossoms are vigorously developed by the increased moisture of the summer. The evergreens for the same reason have a less fixed and more unlimited time for flowering, and seem to show their reproductive organs whenever the quantity of rain becomes sufficient for producing them besides maintaining the already existing foliage. Among the great variety of evergreen forms of trees and shrubs, I shall here only mention as the most common several species of Anona; of Guttiferae, such as Calopkyllum Calaba and Clusia rosea; of Sapotaceae, such as Sideroxylon, Chrysophyllum, Lucuma, and Di- pholis ; of Kutacese, as Zanthoxylum and Tobinia ; of Lauraceae, as oS.ec- tandra and Oreodoxylon, as well as many others, for the details of which I beg to refer to the systematical part of my treatise. Others are pos- sessed of aerial roots by which to affix themselves to the stems of trees and rocks, as several species of Ficus ; others again are vines, such as Bignonia, Serjania, Gouania, and Cissus. 10 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. Interspersed between these evergreens are seen various species of arboreous plants with deciduous leaves, the number of which, however, seldom is large enough to seriously change the general aspect of the forest as being uniformly green all the year round. The time for shed- ding their foliage in these forms is generally from January to April, most of them, as stated before, flowering precociously at this time, as the moisture in the ground is not sufficient to allow them to retain their foliage together with the producing of the flowers. It appears evident that this is the reason for the shedding of the leaves, from the fact ob- served by me in several species (such as Piscidia JErytlirina and others), that individuals which, from being too young or for some other reason, do not flower, do not shed their foliage, but evidently find moisture enough in the soil to resist the drought, not having to spend their resources on the production of flowers and fruits, as others of their kind. The most prominent among the trees and shrubs with a deciduous foliage are Spondias lutea, Schmidelia occidentalism the enormous Erio- dendron anfractuosum. Sura crepitans, Caseariaramiflora, Sabineaflorida, and several others, which all more than the evergreens contribute their share to the forming of a layer of leaf-mould under the taller forms. Yet this layer is but scanty in most places, and from the want of it, as well as from the dense shade produced by the evergreen trees and shrubs, the minor forms covering the ground are comparatively scarce, and chiefly confined to some Piperacese, Acanthacese, and Graminese, as well as a few ferns and mosses, among which Hemionitis palmata, Pteris pedata, and Asplenium pusillum are the most common. A somewhat richer variety is presented by the numerous epiphytes that cover the branches and stems of trees and shrubs, notwithstanding that the bark of the latter, from the uniform temperature, is, as a rule, exceedingly smooth, and but rarely covered with lichens or mosses. Of real parasites only a few are met with, especially Lorantlius emarginatus, whilst the non -parasitical epiphytes are numerously represented by Bromeliacese (principally the genus Tillandsia), Aroidere (among them the large-leaved PMlodendron giganteum), and Orchidaceae (chiefly Epi- dendrums and Oncidiums) , as well as some ferns. Of these latter families, several species are found only on the highest ridges of the islands, at an elevation of over 1300', there forming a formation peculiar to these regions, comprisiug, among others, some terrestrial Orchids, such as Habenaria maculosa and alata, as well as some Aroideoe, Bromeliacere, and ferns, among which the beautiful Cyathca arborea deserves special mention. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 11 The part of the island inhabited and cultivated by man of course rep- resents the least of interest in a phyto-geographical sense, as nature here has been modified and modelled according to the wishes and necessity of society to such an extent as to almost entirely obliterate its original character. As stated already, the principal object of cultivation is the sugar-cane, which, however, is cultivated on a large scale only in the two largest and most level of the islands, Vieques and St. Croix, the others, viz. St. Thomas, St. Jan, Tortola, and Virgin Gorda, having, with a few exceptions, long ago abandoned the cultivation of the cane as unremunerative, the two remaining of the larger islands, Culebra and Anegada, never having been appropriated to that purpose. Besides the cane, some Sorghum virfgare is also cultivated in fields for herbage, the rest of the tilled soil being used for the planting of the common tropical vegetables, generally in small quantities, on patches of soil selected here and there. The commonest of these plants are Yam (Dioscorea alata and altissima), Sweet Potato (Ipomcea Batatas), Okro (Abelmoschus esculcntus), Tanier (Xanthosoma sagitt(vfolium), Pigeon-pea (Cytisus Cajan), Tomato, and Pepper (Capsicum), as well as some Cucur- bitacese, %s Pumpkin, Melon, and others. Along with these useful plants follow a great number of herbaceous annuals, mostly cosmopolitan weeds, introduced after the settlement of the islands, and dependent on the continuous cultivation of the land, as without the clearing of the soil from shrubs and trees their existence would soon be terminated by the stronger arboreous species, which would deprive them of the necessary light and air. Thus, much against his wish, man favours the propagation of innu- merable weeds, which in their short period of vegetation produce seeds enough to secure their continuance on the land notwithstanding the efforts to exterminate them by frequent weeding. Among the com- monest of these forms are some Labiatoe (Leonurus sibiricus, Leonotis nepetafolia, and Leucas martinicensis), Argemone mexicana, Tribulus max- imuSj Boerhaavia erecta and paniculata, and especially many grasses and sedges, such, as Panicum, Paspalum, Chloris, Digitaria, Cyperus, and others. The most troublesome of these, from an agricultural point of view, is the Bay-grass (Cynodon Bactylon), said to be introduced, but now found everywhere, and, on account of its long creeping rhizoma, inexterminable. Similar forms to these are seen growing along roads and ditches, espe- cially some Leguminosse, as Crotalaria, Desmodium, Phaseolus, Clitoria, 12 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. Centroserna, Terainnus, Vigna, Rhynchosia, and others; grasses, as Lap- pago, Aristida, Sporobolus, Eleusine, Dactyloctenium, and Eragrostis ; or Synanthereoe, as Elephantopus, Distreptus, Eidens, and Pectis. Whilst all these latter forms flower daring the greater part of the year, the beau- tiful Convolvulacese, such as Ipomcea fastigiata, Nil, umbellata, dissecta, violacea, and others, are in blossom only during the winter months, from December to February. In some places that are moist enough, sedges and semi-aquatic plants will be seen growing ; in a few rivulets which contain water all the year round, and which are limited to Vieques and St. Croix, a few aquatic forins occur, such as Ecliinodorus cordifolius, Lemna minor, Typlia an- gustifolia, and Nymphcea ampla. The pastures, which occupy a considerable extent of the land, are either artificial, — planted with Guinea-grass (Panicum maximum), a jierennial plant, and, like most of the cultivated West India plants, in- troduced from the Old World, — or natural, covered with various forms of indigenous Graininese as well as low shrubs and trees, that have con- tinually to be cleared away to prevent the land becoming overrun by them. The artificial pastures as a rule are fenced in, and often protected against the dry season by the planting of Thibet-trees (Acacia Lebbcl),now commonly naturalized everywhere; the natural ones, on the contrary, are generally open and abandoned to the cattle, whilst the artificial oues are cut regularly, and the stock is not allowed to enter them. The grasses composing the natural pastures are several species of Pa- nicum, Paspalum, Dactyloctenium, and Sporobolus; some, as Tricholccna insularis, being very bitter and unfit for herbage. The roaming about of the cattle everywhere effectually prevents the re-establishment of trees or woods, which, for climatic reasons, would be desirable in many places; for the young buds are destroyed by sheep and goats, which no doubt have contributed largely to deteriorating even the still existing woods. Around dwellings are found planted and naturalized most of the plants now common to nearly all tropical countries, — some fruit-bearing, as Tamarindus indica, Mangifera indica, Carica Papaga, Persea gratissima, Crescentia Cujcte, Melicocca bijuga; others ornamental, as Poinciana rcgia, CalUandra saurian, Casalpinia pulchcrrima, and others Actual gardens are now very rare, flowers being mostly cultivated in pots or boxes. Some few vegetables of colder clmiates are cultivated in shady places where water is abundant, such as salad, radishes, cabbage, and others. In waste places are found most of the tropical weeds, as Ricimts com- FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND TEE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 13 munis, Datura Metel and Stramonium, Euphorbia pilulifera, heterophylla, and hyper ieifolia, Mirabilis jalapa, Jatropha curcns, Cassia occidentalis, and especially several kinds of Sida and Abutilon as well as some other Malvaceae. The four formations mentioned above are usually found only on the larger islands, the smaller ones, from their limited size, generally pos- sessing chiefly the littoral and shrubby only. The island of Anegada, although being one of the larger ones, yet from its structure and the nature of its soil, seems to be chiefly covered by a vegetation composed of the plants of the sandy shore, besides some of the trees and shrubs following the settlement of man in these regions.^ Sir E. Schomburgk, who has given a description of the island in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 1832, asserts that the island possesses several in- teresting species of plants, among others a'peculiar kind of Croton. As, however, I have not been able to procure the work referred to above, I am not prepared to say which those species are, and they are not men- tioned by Prof. Grisebach in his Flora of the British West India Islands. Although, as stated above, the general character of the flora both in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, considered as a whole, is essentially the same and distinctly West Indian, yet, in looking more closely into details, we are soon struck by finding a great many species in the one which are not found in the other. This is the more remarkable, as from a geographical and climatical point of view the physical condi- tions must be said to be materially identical. In referring to the list of plants given at the end of my treatise it will be seen that out of a number of 881 indigenous phanerogamous species no less than 215, or c, ^, are found in the Virgin Islands only, whilst 98, or about ^, occur only in St. Croix, thus leaving only 5G8, or less than |, in common to both. As may be expected from the general character of littoral vegetation, there are very few species which are not found on both sides of the deep channel separating St. Croix from its northern neighbours, the principal exception being Baeeharis dioica, which only occurs in St. Croix, and Egletcs DomWgcnsis, found by me only in the Virgin Islands. Some greater difference is found in the dry shrubby formation, where several very common plants, such as Euphorbia petiolaris, Acacia sar- mcntosa, Mamillaria nivosa, and others, are to be seen in the Virgin Isl- ands only, St. Croix having to itself a few less common species, such as Sceurmega acidothamnus and Castela crecta. 14 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. It is, however, in the forest vegetation, which best represents the original flora of the islands, that the greatest and most varied differ- ences are observed, showing especially the great variety of species in the Virgin Islands which are not all found in St. Croix, and among which are many of the commonest and most generally distributed forms. Belonging to St. Croix alone are comparatively few and rare species, chiefly some Bhainnaceoe, viz, Maytenus elceodendroides and Zi.typhns reticidatus, Catesbceaparviflora, Beloperone nemorosa, Petitia Domingensis, Buxus Vahlii, and Urera data. All these forms occur only in a few localities, and are of no importance to the general character of vegeta- tion, as is the case on the Virgin Islands with many of the following species that are found on them, but not in St. Croix. It would be too much to mention all the different species here, for which I beg to refej: to the appended list and tabular statement. I shall only enumerate a few of the most interesting, especially Malpighiacere (as Byrsonima lucida, Malpigliia Cnida and angusti folia), Butacece (Pilocarpus racemo- sus, Tobinia spinosa, Xantlwxylum ochroxylum), Legumiuosse (Sabinea ftorida, Pictetia aristata, Scsbania serkea, nnd^Acacia nudiflora), and Sapotacese (Sapota Sideroxylon). Among Monocotyledones are to be mentioned Arthrostylidium capiUifolium, RhyncJwspora pusilla, Bioscorea pilosiuscida, Catopsis nutans, and several Orchids. Several of these plants grow more or less gregariously, thus becoming characteristical to the formation. Among these are Malpigliia Cnida, Bcynosia latifolia, Acacia nudijlora, Sabinea Jlorida, and several species of Pilea, most of them being very common, and even generally used for domestic pur- poses. Besides these species, entirely wanting in St. Croix, the Virgin Islands possess several that are very common, or at least not uncommon on them, but which occur but very rarely in St. Croix, such as ThHnax argentea, Bondclctia pilosa, Faramea odoratissima, Miconia angusti folia, Mimosa Ceratonia, and others, and most of which I have not found my- self in the latter island, but only found labelled with St. Croix as habitat in the Copenhagen herbarium, so that an error in some cases at least may be not at all impossible. However great are the differences in the flora on the Jwo groups of islands, yet this interesting fact is not due to their possessing endemic species, as all the plants known as growing on them are also found in other West India islands, especially Porto Bico, whence the vegetation of both the Virgin Islands and St. Croix seems to be derived. Thus it FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 15 is mainly to different periods of immigration under varied physical conditions that we must ascribe the remarkable discrepancies in the flora of those apparently homogeneous islands. Some few species, it is true, are indeed given in my list as having been found only in the Vir- gin Islands, such as a few Cactese, Vernonia Thomw, and the new species described by me on the present occasion. But as long as Porto Eico, Hayti, and even Cuba, are still insufficiently explored, it may very well remain doubtful whether those species do not also occur in one or sev- eral of them, just as several Cuban plants, described as endemical in that island by Prof. Grisebach, have been found by me to occur not at all unfrequently in the Virgin Islands and St. Croix, such as Arthrosty- Helium cwpillifolium, Reynosia latifolia, and R. mucronata. It may thus be confidently asserted that both the groups in question have derived their stock of plants from the neighbouring larger island of Porto Eico. The question that remains to be solved is merely why have they not all received the same species, and particularly why is it that St. Croix, although the largest of all, has received a comparatively and absolutely much less number of species than for instance the far smaller St. Thomas? For the explanation of these interesting facts we have no doubt to look to the geological history of the islands, as the conditions for immi- gration over sea, even if possible to all the species, are essentially the same in both groups, and therefore give no solution of the problem in question. I am thus led to think that at a former period all the West India islands have been connected mutually, and perhaps with a part of the American continent also, during which time the plants in common to all the islands, as well as to the West Indies and the continent, have expanded themselves over their present geographical areas, at least as far as they are not possessed of particular faculties for emigration over the sea. By a subsequent volcanic revolution, St. Croix, as well as many of the other islands, has thereafter been separated from Porto Eico and the Virgin Islands, and put into its present isolated position, which it seems to have retained ever since, whflst the latter group of islands has either still for a long period remained in connection with Porto Eico, or, if separated at the same time from it as St. Croix, has, by another revolution, been again connected with the former. The plants now found in the Virgin Group, but not occurring in St. Croix, would thus have immigrated into the former from Porto Eico 16 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. after the separation of St. Croix from the latter, and immigration would finally have eeased by the separation between them, as it exists at the present period. Thus, the plants found in the Virgin Islands, but not in St. Croix, would seem to have been more recently created in the probable centre of vegetation, Porto Eico, or some other of the larger An- tilles ; the endemic ones, as in the other islands also, being the youngest of all, not having been formed till after the complete separation between the islands had been effected. This latter suggestion, which perhaps seems contradictory to the general accepted theory of considering the endemic forms on oceanic isles as the remnants of the oldest original vegetation,* appears to be confirmed by the fact that even on such recent formations as the Bahamas, which have as yet been but imper- fectly explored, already no less than eighteen endemic species have been discovered.! The supposition that the islands may have been separated from the beginning, and have received their floras through immigration over the sea, is sufficiently confuted, partly by the great number of species com- mon to them all, which clearly indicates the connection in former times with a larger country, partly by the circumstance that most of the spe- cies common to the islands are in no way better adapted for migration over the water than those peculiar to the Virgin Islands only ; in fact, but few of them apparently possess the faculty of crossing salt-water even for a limited distance. Supposing the theory of a prolonged or oftener repeated connection between Porto Eico and the Virgin Islands to be correct, it remains still to explain how St. Croix can have obtained a number of species which do not occur in the latter group. A few of these species, viz, Castela erecta, Maytenus elcvodenclroides, Zizyphus reticulatus, Anthacan- thus jamaicensiSj and Buxus Yalilii, occur in St. Croix on the tertiary limestone only, and seem thus to have avoided the Virgin Islands as not finding there the substratum suited to their organisation. The greater part, however, might, for all apparent reasons, as well occur in the Virgin group as in St. Croix, and their absence in the former cannot be explained in this way. It must, however, be understood that whilst my investigation of St. Croix has been thorough, and carried on for several years, my exploration of the Virgin Islands has been so for only a part of them, especially the Danish ones, my collections from the * Hooker : On Insular Floras. t Griseb. : Geogr. Verbr. tier Pfl. Westindiens, p. 55. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 17 others being only imperfect. Without expecting too much from this circumstance, yet I feel confident that not few of the St. Croix plants, apparently wanting in the Virgin group, may, by closer research, still be discovered growing there on some of them, whilst, on the other hand, I am equally confident that none, or scarcely any, of the Virgin Islands7 species wanting in St. Croix will be found in the latter island. It may furthermore be observed that scarcely any of the St. Croix species which I have given as being absent from the Virgin group are common or widely distributed over the island, and so are not possessed of any great faculty for conquering ground in the struggle for exist- ence, for which reason some of them may not have been able to gain admission on the much smaller surface of the Virgin Islands, or, having obtained a footing, they may have lost it again by the later immigra- tion of other species, now peculiar to the group compared with St. Croix, many of which, as will be remembered, are gregarious, and gifted with great facility for expanding themselves. A very few species form an exception as to the limited distribution in St. Croix, Bacliaris Valilii, Cordia alba, and JEgipMla martinicensis, oc- curring rather frequently in the island, but having as yet not been found at all in the Virgin group, although they occur in several others of the West India islands. I am not prepared to give a satisfactory explana- tion of this fact at the present moment; but such isolated exceptions will no doubt always be met with in the explanation of general phenomena,, and most probably a more thorough investigation of vegetable biology will at a future day afford a satisfactory explanation of such appar- ently inconsistent facts. In drawing the necessary consequences of the above stated theory for explaining the geographical distribution of vegetable species in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, it would thus appear necessary to conclude, for instance, from the occurrence of Sabinea florida both in Porto Eico, the Virgin Islands, and Dominica, but not in St. Croix, that the first-named islands were still all connected, when the latter had already been sep- arated from them and put into its present isolated position. A similar inference might be drawn from the distribution of Malpighia Cnida, whilst the occurrence of Acacia nudiflora would seem to prove a simi- lar thing for Hayti, Porto Eico, and Antigua. It can, therefore, scarcely be presumed, as done by Prof. Grisebach in his Geogr. Verbreitung der Pfl. Westmdiens, that the distribution of species is regulated chiefly by geographical distances. A closer in- vestigation of the flora of the various islands no doubt will confirm the Bull. Nat. Mas. No. 13 2 18 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. theory drawn from the facts observed in regard to the mutual relation between St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, that geological revolutions have been equally or perhaps even more powerfully influential in arrang- ing the distribution of species than the greater or smaller distance, and the similarity of physical conditions. A full knowledge of these interesting facts can, however, not be ex- pected till a more thorough exploration of all the West India islands has taken place. Few of them are as yet tolerably well known, and it is therefore earnestly to be hoped that such an exploration of all the West Indies may soon be effected, the result of which will no doubt be of the highest importance both to botany and to all other branches of natural science. It generally requires the accumulated study and knowledge of gener- ations before the less palpable and more delicate, but often most impor- tant, facts in natural history can be explained : the West Indies have been comparatively well studied since the middle of the last century ; and it would seem well now to follow up the work in order to complete a thorough investigation, which might be used as a basis for the ex- planation of similar facts observed in other and less well known parts of the world. The flora of the Virgin Islands and St. Croix has been studied by several botanists, some of whom have published the results of their re- search, which has, however, among the former group, been chiefly con- fined to the Danish islands, the English and particularly the Spanish ones having as yet been only imperfectly explored. Publications on the flora of these islands are given by West in his Description of St. Croix (Copenhagen, 1793); Schlechtendal, Florula Ius. St. Thomce, in Linnrea, 182S-31 and 1834; and Eggers, Flora of St. Croix, in the Vidensk. Medd. fra Naturhist. Forening (Copenhagen, 1876) besides minor contributions in Vahl's Eclogre Americans, Symbols Bo- tanies, and Enumeratio Plantarum, Krebs in Naturh. Tidsskrift, 1817, on the flora of St. Thomas, De Candolle's Prodromus, and Grisebaeh's Flora of the British West India Islands. This latter work, no doubt from want of material, scarcely ever mentions the British Virgin Islands. Collections of plants from the islands in question are found chiefly in the Museum of the Botanical Garden in Copenhagen, as well as scat- tered in other European herbaria, collected principally by v. Eolir, West, Dr. Evan, Ledru, liiedle, L'Herminier in the past century, by Benzon, Wahlmann, Ehrenberg, Dr. Ravn, Dr. Ilornbeek, Duchassaim:. Sehom- buigk. Pice, Wydler, Orsted, Krebs, and Eggers in the present. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 19 The following list of plants from St. Croix and the Virgin Islands formed on my own collections and the publications or collections of other botanists, comprises 1013* species of phanerogamous and vascular cryp- togamous plants, of which 881 are indigenous and 132 naturalized, those merely cultivated being added in brackets after each family. In determining the species I have, besides consulting the more im- portant general systematical works on botany, as much as possible fol- lowed Prof. Grisebach's standard work on the Flora of the British West India Islands, to which I therefore beg to refer when no other authority is given. Synonymes and references to other authors are given only where it was thought desirable to supplement the Flora of Grisebach in this respect. To the specific names of plants I have added only such statements as are not given in Grisebach's work, — as local name, time for flowering, technical use, as well as descriptive remarks, where my own observation shows a difference from the description given in the flora mentioned above. In referring to Schlechtendal, or the herbarium of the Copenhagen Museum, I have used the abbreviations Schl. and Hb. Havn.; in quoting West or Schlechtendal, their respective works on St. Croix and St. Thomas, mentioned above, are understood to be referred to. Special localities for habitats are given only where a plant is rare, or at all events uncommon ; otherwise the island alone is mentioned. The expression, "All islands," is meant to imply that the species is found both in St. Croix and the Virgin group, without necessarily mean- ing to say that it occurs in every island of the latter. In summing up the statistical results from my list of species, nearly the same conclusions with regard to the most numerous families are arrived at as those given in Prof. Grisebach's Geogr. Verbr. der Pflanzen Westindiens, p. 73, for the Caribbean Islands. The proportion between Mono- and Dicotyledonous plants indigenous and naturalized is 1 : 5.8, in the indigenous ones alone 1 : 4.9, thus show; ing the plurality of the recently introduced plants to have been Dicoty- ledonous. The proportion mentioned in the plants indigenous to the islands is somewhat lower than stated by Grisebach, as cited above, to be the rule in the West Indies, where it is given as 1 : 4, indicating, no doubt, that the climate of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands is less moist than that of the West Indies in general. * Do Candolle (Geogr. Bot. p. 1274) gives to St. Thomas as the probable number of Phanerogama only 450 ; but my list shows about 900. 20 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. Table showing the distribution of the Indigenous Species of Phancrogamce and Cryptogomce Yasculares in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands. Dilleniaceas Anonaceae Henispennaceae. . Nymphaeaceae Papaveraceas Cruciferae Capparidaceae Bixaceas Violaceae Polygalacese Caryopbyllaceae. . . Malvaceae Bombaceae Biittneriaceae Tiliaceae TernstromiaceaB . . Guttiferae Canellaceae Erythrosylacoae . Malpigbiaceae Sapindaceae Meliaceas Oxalidaceae Zygopbyllaceae ... Rutaceaa Olacaceas Ainpelideae Celastraceae Rbamnaeeae Terebintbaceae... Leguiuinosae , CbrysobalanaceaB Myrtacesa , Melastoiuaceee . . . Lythrariaceae Onagraceae Bbizophoraceae . . , CombretaceaB Cucurbitaccae BapayacoaB Fassifloraceas Turneraceao Cactacero Araliaceae Umbi'lliferaB Loranthacess Rubiacero Bynanthereae Lobeliaoess GoodcnoviacesB . . Myrsinaceae Sapotaccae A.— DlCOTYLEDONES. "S . . o •35 £? H O To ,2 r « p» 03 1 1 18 8 13 S S o O 9 21 2 5 7 1 3 1 1 7 4 3 1 2 3 1 4 5 4 5 50 1 18 6 2 1 1 3 7 1 5 1 8 1 22 32 1 1 2 9 o 1 7 2 1 1 3 8 C 1 3 12 31 3 6 8 1 3 1 1 10 7 3 1 3 9 1 4 C 7 7 75 1 26 10 2 1 1 3 9 1 8 2 12 1 1 o 34 49 1 11 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 21 Table showing the distribution of the Indigenous Species of Phanerogams and Cryptogamw Tasculares in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands — Contiuued. Styraceae . Ebenaceae. Oleaceae Apocy naceae Asclepiadaceae . . . ConvolvulacesB. . . Hy droleaceEB . BoraginaceaB . . . . . Solanaceae ScrophulariacesB Bignoniaceae . Acanthacese Gesneriaceae Labiatae VerbenaceaB ..... My oporaceaB . . . . , Plura'uaginaceae . , Phy tolaccaceae . . . Chenopodiaceaa .. Amarantaceae Kyctaginaceae ... Polygonaceae. . . . Lauraceae , Thymelaeaceae .. Euphorbiaceae ... Urticaceae Aristolochiaceae- Begoniaceas Piperaceas Alismaceae Hydrocharidaceae . Potameaj Aroideao TypliaeeaB Palmse Commelynaceae Graminaceae CyperaceaB Liliaceao SmilaceaD Dioscoreaceae ... Brorneliaceae . . . ScitamineaB OrcMdaceae B.— MONOCOTTLEDONES. C— Cryptogam.® vasculares. LycopodiaceaB Eilices Naturalized species . Total 02 98 17 a - •P m 2 14 15 12 1 15 215 6 115 221 2 9 3 24 1 17 12 3 6 10 1 9 13 1 1 4 3 13 5 3 4 30 10 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 35 13 7 5 1 2 1 15 568 109 677 o H 1 1 2 11 7 34 1 24 21 6 9 15 1 12 20 1 1 5 3 15 6 8 9 1 38 21 2 1 12 1 1 5 9 1 2 5 53 33 8 2 3 8 1 15 2 34 881 132 1013 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, WEST INDIES. I. PHANEROGAMS. A. DICOTYLEDONES. DIIAEJVIACE^. 1. Davilla rugosa, Poir. St. Thomas (Griseb. Fl. p. 3). AWOMCEtE. 2. Anona murioata, L. (v. Soursop, Susakka). Fl. Feb.-May. Leaves with a peculiar strong scent, used against fever and vermin. Fruit edible; pulp resembling curdled milk, acidu- lous. In forests and thickets, common. — All islands. 3. A. laurifolia, Dun. (v. Wild Soursop). Fl. Feb.-May. Eesembling the former species in the foliage, but leaves of a quite different smell. Not uncommon in forests. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 4. A. palustris, L. (v. Monkey-apple, Bunya). Fl. May-June. Fruit not edible ; used as bait for fishes. Common in marshy soil. — All islands. 5. A. squamosa, L. (v. Sugar-apple). Fl. April-June. Foliage partly deciduous in March and April. Fruit edible, sweet, soft. Common in thickets. — All islands. 6. A. reticulata, L. (v. Custard-apple). Fl. April-May. Fruit edible. In woods, not uncommon ; also planted near dwellings. — All islands. — The enlarged top of the connective in ail species of Anona is siliceous. None of the species enumerated above contains narcotic principles, as is the case with A. Cherimolia, Mill., and others. 7. Guatteria Ouregou, Dun. St. Thomas (Griseb. Fl. p. 7). 8. Oxandra laurifolia, Rick. (Uvaria excelsa, Vahl in Hb, Juss.). St. Croix (Caledonia Gut, West, p. 292). 23 24 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. HEENISPE RMACE M. 9. Cocculus domingensis, DC. Fl. June-Aug. Stem woody, as mucli as two inclies in diameter. Inflorescences often 3 or 4 uniserial in the same axil. (See Delessert, Icones, t. 96.) In forests, not common. — St. Thomas (near St. Peter, 1000'). 10. Cissampelos Pareira, L. (v. Velvet-leaf), a) Pareira and /?) microcarpa, DC. Fl. Nov.-March. In forests and thickets, common. — All islands. NTMFILXACEJ!. 11. Nympheea ampla, DC. (v. Water-lily). /3) parviflora. Fl. April-July. In rivulets. — St. Croix (Kingshill Gut); Yieques (Port Eoyal). PAPAYEKACE.1. 12. Argemone mexicana, L. (v. Thistle). Fl. the whole year. A very common weed in dry places. — All islands. CKUCSFER^. 13. Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. (v. Water-cress). iNever seen flowering. Naturalized along rivulets. — St Croix; St. Thomas. 14. Sinapis brassicata, L. (v. Wild Mustard). Fl. Jan.-June. Around dwellings and in waste places, not uncom- mon.— All islands. 15. Sinapis arvensis, L. Fl. cleistogamous in February. Eegular flowers later in the year. Naturalized; rare. — St. Croix (near Anguilla). 16. Lepidium virginicum, L. Fl. the whole year. A common weed along roadsides and near dwell- ings.— All islands. 17. Cakile eequalis, L'Her. Fl. Feb.-July. Bather common on sandy shores. — All islands. [Cultivated species : Brassica oleracca, L. (v. Cabbage) ; Lepidium sati- vum, L. (v. Cress); and Baphamts sativus, L. (v. Eadish).] CAPPARIDACE.E. 18. Cleome pentaphylla, L. (v. Massambee). Fl. the whole year. Flowers often polygamous. Leaves used as spinach. A common weed near dwellings and in waste places. — All islands. FLORA. OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 25 19. C. pungens, W. (v. Wild Massambee). c) and B) Swartziana. Fl. tlie whole year. Common along roads and ditches. — All islands. 20. C. viscosa, L. Fl. May-Dec. Naturalized here and there. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 21. Moringa pterygosperma, G. (v. Horse-radisli-tree). Fl. the whole year. Boot with a flavour of horse-radish. Naturalized and common near dwellings. — All islands. 22. Capparis ainygdalina, Lam. Fl. March-June. Leaves on young radical shoots linear in this and the two following species. Not uncommon in thickets. — All islands. 23. C. jamaicensis, Jacq. (v. Black Willie), a) marginata and 8) siliquosa. Fl. April-Aug. a) not uncommon; /?) less common along the shore and in thickets. — All islands. 24. C. cynophallophora, L. (v. Linguan-tree). g) and B) saligna. Fl. Feb.-Aug. — Glands 2-4, uniserial in the axils, exuding nectar when young before the time of flowering, and are to be considered as reduced branches or inflorescences. 25. C. verrucosa, Jacq. Fl. April-May. A middle-sized tree. Not uncommon in forests on the Virgin Islands. 26. C. frondosa, Jacq. (v. Rat-bean). Fl. Feb.-May. Seeds very poisonous. Common in forests. — All islands. 27. Morisonia americana, L. a) and 8) subpeltata, Gris. in litt. Fl. May-Oct. A considerable-sized tree, a) all islands; B) leaves subpeltate. — St. Croix (Spring Gut). BIXACEJE. 28. Bixa Orellana, L. (v.'Roucon). Fl. June-July. The red pigment of the fruit was generally used by the Caribs for anointing the whole body (Du Tertre). Naturalized in forests. — St. Croix (Crequis, Wills Bay) ; St. Thomas (Crown). 29. Trilis crucis, Griseb. Fl. April-June. Stipules very variable. Petals always abortive in my specimens. A low tree or shrub. Uncommon in forests. — St. Croix (Wills Bay, Mt. Eagle); St. Thomas (Flag Hill); St, Jan (Cinnamon Bay). 26 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 30. Casearia sylvestris, Sw. Fl. Jaa.-Feb. and May-July. Seed covered by a red arillus. Com- mon in forests and thickets. — All islands. 31. C. parvifolia, W. a) and (S) microcarpa, Egg. Fl. March-July. Flowers odorous. Stamens alternately of equal length. Not uncommon in forests. A low tree. — a) "Virgin Islands; /S) fruit small, 2'" diani., St. Croix. 32. C. ramiflora, Vahl. a). Fl. Jan.-Feb. and July-Aug. Pedicel articulate below the middle. Arillus fibrous. Common in forests. — All islands. 33. Samyda glabrata, Sw. Fl. June. Eare, in thickets on highest hill-tops. — St. Thomas (Crown, 1400'). 34. S. serrulata, L. Fl. Feb.-May. Flowers odorous, precocious. Pedicels articulated at the middle. Leaves of young radical shoots linear. Common in thick- ets.— All islands. TIOLACEiE. 35. Ionidium strictum, Vent. Fl. all the year round. Flower matutine. Eather uncommon in fis- sures of rocks in thickets. — St. Croix ; Water Island. TAMAUICACE^. 36. Tamarix indica, Willd. (v. Cypress). Fl. Sept.-Oct. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. POLYGALACEiE. 37. Polygala anguatifolia, HB. Ktli. Fl. Dec.-Feb. In the shade of dense thickets. Eare. — St. Thomas (CowelPs Hill). 38. Securidaca Brownei, Gr. (S. sccmdens of West). Fl. Feb.-April. Naturalized around Christiansted, v. Eohr. — St. Croix. 39. S. erecta, L. St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. i, 341; Gris. Fl. p. 30). 40. Krameria Ixlna, L. Fl. July. The three narrow petals, resembling abortive stamens, are bent forward and cover the anthers. The two lateral oi.es are fleshy, FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 27 and covered on the outer side with fleshy papillce. Fruit 1-seeded by abortion. Gregarious along roadsides in dry localities, but uncom- mon.— St. Thomas (Bovoni). GABYOFH¥LLA€EJ!. I. PAROXYCHIACEiE. 41. Drymaria cordata, W. j3) diandra. Fl. May-June. In moist localities in the shade. Bare. — St. Croix (Spring Garden). 42. Cypselea humifusa, Turp. Fl. July. Gregarious around a small fresh-water lagoon. Bare. — Water Island. II. MOLLUGINE^I. 43. Mollugo verticillata, L. Fl. Aug. Leaves often fleshy. On rocky shores. Bare. — Buck Isl ■ and, near St. Thomas. 44. M. nudicaulis, Lam. Fl. Sept.-Dec. Not uncommon in moist localities. — St. Croix 5 Buck Island near St. Croix; St. Thomas. III. Portulace.e. 45. Talinum triangulare, W. Fl. all the year round. Flower open till 11 A. M. Sepals of unequal size. The large one 1-ribbed, the smaller one 3-ribbed. Petals often yellow (as represented in Jacq. Stirp. Aineric. 1. 135). Bather uncom- mon. On rocks near the seashore. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 46. T. patens, W. Fl. all the year round. Flower open from 3 P. M. till sunset. Petals pale red or yellow (Bot. Mag. 1. 1543). Boot tuberous. Here and there in rocky situations. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 47. Portulaca oleracea, L. (v. Purslane), a) macrantha, ,8) micrantha, Egg. Fl. the whole year. Flower open till 10 A. M. a) brownish, 5 petals, as many as 25 stamens, corolla 6'" diam. /?) green, 4 petals, 10-12 sta- mens, corolla 3'" diam. Both varieties common along roadsides and in open spots. — All islands. 48. P. quadrifida, L. (Mant. 78). Fl. all the year round. Petals 4, yellow, 2'" long. Flower open from 11 A. M. till 3 P. M. Leaves opposite, clasping together towards even- ing. A common weed in gardens and along roads. — All islands. 28 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 49. P. pilosa, L. Fl. all the year round. Often nearly glabrous. Eoots tuberous. Petals red or yellow, large. Corolla up to W diain., open only till 9 a. in. Seeds dark brown. Leaves adpressing themselves downward to the stem towards evening. Not uncommon. Along ditches and in grass-fields. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 50. P. halimoides, L. Fl. June-Dec. Common along roadsides and among rocks. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 51. Sesuvium portulacastrum, L. (v. Bay-flower). FL all the year round. Sepals rosy inside. Common on sandy shores. — All islands. 52. Trianthema monogynum, L. Fl. all the year round. Branches always originating in the axil of the smaller leaf. Stamens 7-17. Sepals and stamens rosy or white. Common on rocky shores. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. MALVACEAE. 53. Malvastrum spicatum, Gris. (v. Hollow-stock). Fl. all the year round. Flower expanding in the afternoon. Very variable. A common weed along roads and in fields. — All islands. 54. M. tricuspidatum, Asa Gray. Fl. all the year round. Common along roads and ditches. — All isl- ands. 55. Sida carpinifolia, L. c) and (3) brevicuspidata. Fl. Sept.-March. Pedicel geniculate at the base, or as often not so. Petals imbricate dextrorsely or sinistrorsely. Both forms very common weeds everywhere in dry localities. — All islands. 56. S. glomerata, Cav. Fl. Aug.-Oct. — Buck Island near St. Thomas j Vieques. 57. S. ciliaris, L. Fl. Sept.-March. Flower expanded till 10 A. M. Stipules always longer than the petioles. Leaves closely clasping the stem in the evening. Gregarious on roads and near ditches. Common. — All islands. FLOEA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 29 58. Sida jamaicensis, L. Fl. Dec-March. Flower expanded till 9 A. M. Calyx snorter than the corolla. In grass-fields and thickets. Often suffrutescent, 6' high. Common. — All islands. 59. S. spinosa, L. a), /?) angustifolia, Lam., and y) polycarpa, Egg. Fl. Sept-March. r) suffrutescent, 4' high. Pedicel as long as the whole leaf. Pistils, ovaries, and carpids always 12. a) and ft) common in grass-fields and pastures, y) near rivulets. — All islands. 60. S. rhombifolia, L. (v. Swart Maran). y) retusa. Fl. Dec-March. Petals showing a purple blot at the base. Com- mon in waste places. — All islands. 61. S. tristis, Schlecht. (Linnaea, iii, 271). St, Thomas (Schl.). 62. S. supina, L'Her. a) glabra and (3) pilcsa, Egg. Fl. Nov.-March. Two very distinct forms : a) in shady, moist places ; /3) in dry localities. Not uncommon in thickets and forests. — All islands. 63. S. arguta, Cav. (not S. arguta, Sw., as stated in Griseb. Syst. Unters. p. 31) St. Croix (West, 297); St. Thomas (Schl.). 64. S. nervosa, DC. a) and (i) viscosa, Egg. Fl. Dec-April, p) viscous and glandular pilose. Petals reddish; pistils red. Not uncommon along roads and ditches. — All islands. 65. S. acuminata, DC. a) macrophylla and (3) microphylla. St. Thomas (Schl.). "Inlocis siccis." 66. S. cordifolia, L. /3) althaefolia, Sw. Fl. March. Here and there along roads. — St. Croix (West, 297); St. Jan (Bethania). 67. S. humilis, W. (?) Cav. St. Thomas (Schl.). "In locis umbrosis." 68. Abutilon periplocifolium, G. Don. a) and /?) albicans, carpids 3-ovulate. Fl. all the year round. Seeds dimorphous. The two seeds in the superior cell glabrous, the one in the inferior silky, a) not uncommon along roads. (3) uncommon. — St. Croix (a and P) ; St. Jan (P). 69. A. umbellatum, Sw. Fl. Dec-March. Seeds cordate, brown. Not very common in open, dry localities. — All islands. 30 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 70. A. indicum, G. Don (v. Malioe). c) and /?) asiaticum. Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded after 3 P. M. only. Both forms common along roads and on waste places. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 71. A. lignosum, Rich. (v. Marsh-mallow). Fl. Nov.-May. Flower exi^anded during the afternoon only. Seeds irregularly triangular, verrucose, grey. — St. Croix. 72. Bastardia viscosa, Kth. a). Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded during the afternoon only. Common along roads and in dry localities. — All islands. 73. Malachra capitata, L. a) and /?) alceifolia, Jacq. Fl. Dec-March. Flower expanded only till 2 P. M. Along ditches and in moist places, a) rather common ; /?) less common. — All islands. 74. M. urens, Poit. Fl. April. Petals yellow, puberulous externally. Seeds smooth, gla- brous. Uncommon on waste places. — St. Thomas (western shore of the harbour). 75. Urena lobata, L. a) americana. Fl. Nov.-June. Flower expanded till 10 A. M. In forests. — St. Croix (rare; Prosperity on the north coast); St. Thomas; St. Jan (not un- common). 76. Pavonia spinifex, Cav. Fl. Qct.-Dec. Rather common in thickets and forests. — All islands. 77. F. racemosa, S\v. Fl. Oct. In marshy soil among Laguncularia and Conocarpus. — St. Croix (uncommon ; Salt River). 78. Kosteletzkya pentasperma, Gr. Fl. Aug. Flower expanded till 10 A. M. In marshy soil. Rare. — St. Thomas (Krumbay). 79. Abelmoschus esculentus. W. A. (v. Okro). Fl. all the year round. Fruit used immature as a vegetable. Culti- vated and naturalized near dwellings. — All islands. 80. Hibiscus clypeatus, L. St. Croix (West, p. 298). 81. H. vitifolius, L. Fl. Dec-March. Along roads and in thickets. — St. Croix (naturalized in the eastern part of the island). FLOE A OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 31 82. H. Sabdarifia, L. (v. Red Sorrol). Fl. Oct.-Nov. Leaves used as a vegetable. Calyx at length fleshy, used for lemonade. Cultivated and naturalized here and there. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 83. H. phoeniceus, Jacq. Fl. Sept.-March. Bather common in thickets, especially near dwell- ings.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 34. H. brasiliensis, L. St. Croix (West, p. 298) 85. Gossypium barbadense, L. (v. Cotton-tree), a) and /?). Fl. all the year round. Down stellate. Common in dry localities. Formerly cultivated. — All islands. 86. G. vitifolium, Lam. Naturalized in St. Thomas (Schl.), perhaps from having been cultivated in former times. 87. Paritium tiliaceum, A. Juss. (v. Mahoe). Fl. Oct.-March. Bark employed as rope. Along coasts, hut rare. — St. Croix (West, p. 297) ; St. Thomas (Schl.) j St. Jan (Fish Bay). 88. Thespesia populnea, Corr. (v. Otalieite Tree). *F1. all the year round. Very easily propagated by cuttings. A shady tree with very hard wood. Naturalized and cultivated everywhere, espe- cially in moist localities. All islands. All Malvaceae are protandrous. [Cultivated species: Althw rosea, L. (v. Hollyhock); Hibiscus rosa- sinensis, L. (v. Chinese rose) j and H. mutabilis, L. (v. Changeable Hibis- cus).] BOMBACEE. 89. Adansonia digitata, L. (v. Guinea Tamarind). Fl. June- July. Leaves deciduous in March-April. The acid pulp of the fruit used for lemonade. Naturalized in wooded valleys. — St. Croix (Prosperity; Crequis); St. Thomas. 90. Eriodendron anfractuosum, DC. (v. Silk-cotton-tree). Fl. Feb.-April. Leaves deciduous March-April. Stem growing to immense size. Common in forests. All islands. 91. Myrodia turbinata, Sw. St. Croix (Spring Garden, West, p. 298). 32 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 92. Helicteres jamaicensis, Jacq. Fl. March-Aug. Spiral of carpicls 2£. Common in thickets. — All islands. BIJTTNEKIACEJE. 93. Guazuma ulmifolia, Lam. (v. Jackass Calalu). Fl. April-June. Wood used for oars. Not uncommon in pastures. — St. Croix j St. Thomas. 94. Theobroma Cacao, L. (v. Cocoa-tree). Fl. June. Naturalized in shady valleys. — St. Croix (Prosperity; Mount Stewart). 95. Ayenia pusilla, L. Fl. all the year round. Flowers often transformed into a hollow monstrosity by the larva of a wasp. Fjuit muricate. In thickets, com- mon.— All islands. 96. Melochria pyramidata, L. Fl. all the year round. Common iu pastures. — St. Croix. 97. M. tomentosa, L. (v. Broom-wood). FL All the year round. Calyx tomentose, greyish white. Tomentum interspersed with glandulous hairs. Used for brooms. Common in dry thickets. — All islands. 98. M. nodiflora, Sw. Fl. Nov.-July. Common in pastures and along roads. — All islands. 99. Waltheria americana, L. (v. Marsh-mallow). Fl. Oct.-May. Common in pastures. — All islands. TIILIACEiE. 100. Triumfetta Lappula, L. (v. Bur-bush). Fl. Nov.-April. Common in thickets. — All islands. 101. T. altheeoides, Lam. (v. Mahoe). Fl. Dec-March. In forests, uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 102. T. semitriloba, L. (v. Bur-bush). Fl. Oct.-March. In thickets and along roads, common. — All islands. 103. T. rhomboidea, Jacq. Fl. Dec-April. Uncommon in thickets. — St. Croix (Spring-gut). 104. Corchorus acutangulus, Lam. Fl. June-Nov. The lowest serratures of the leaves in my specimens often sbow one or two long setaceous bristles, as stated in DC. Prodr. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 33 i, 505. Griseb. Fl. p. 97, does not mention them, as he does in C. olito- rius, neither does the figure in Wight's Icones, hi, t. 739, show them in this species. From observations made by me on G. acutangulns, as well as on C. hirtus, such bristles on the lower serratures of the leaves are ot no specific value in this genus, being a variable feature. In gardens and near dwellings, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 105. C. siliquosus, L. (v. Papa-lolo). Fl. Nov.-July. Leaves used as a vegetable (Calalu). Along roads and in pastures, common. — All islands. 106. C. hirtus, L. Fl. June-Sept. Two lowest serratures of the leaves sometimes show- ing one or two setaceous bristles. In gardens and along roads, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 107. C. hirsutus, L. Fl. all the year round. Hairs of the stem scabrous. On sandy shores, common. — All islands. TEBKSTBOMIACEiE. 108. Ternstromia elliptica, Sw. Fl. Feb.-April. The two bracts at the base of the persistent calyx are to be considered as such (Swartz, Flora Ind. Occ. p. 9G1; DC. Prodr. i, p. 523; and Hook. & Benth. Genera Plant, i, p. 182), and not as sepals (Griseb. Fl. p. 103) on account of their being deciduous, but the sepals not. The number of ovules in my specimens are about twenty in each cell. (Hook, and Benth. 1. c. ascribe to the genus only two, rarely three to six, in each cell ; Grisebach 1. c. only two to four. In the Catal. Plant. Cub. p. 36, Griseb. mentions, however, a variety of T. obovalis, Eich., with ten to thirteen ovules in each cell.) Sepals rosy, flowers fragrant In forests on high hills, rare. — St. Croix (Maroon Hill, 900'); St. Jan (Bordeaux Hill, 1200'). GUTTIFEB^E. 109. Clusia rosea, L. (v. Chigger-apple). Fl. May-Sept. Aerial roots as much as 20' long, supporting the young trees on rocks or other trees. In forests. — St. Croix (rare, Wills Bay) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon). 110. C. alba, L. (v. Wild Mamey). St. Croix (West, p. 312). Probably a mistake for the first named species. Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 3 34 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 111. Mammea americana, L. (v. Mamey). Fl. Feb. and later in Aug. Fruit generally one-seeded, eatable. Common in forests and planted along roads. — All islands. 112. Calophyllum Calaba, Jacq. (v. Santa Maria). Fl. May-July. In forests along rivulets. — St. Croix (common in the northern part of the island) ; St. Thomas (rare). GAITEIJLACE^. 113. Canella alba, Murr. (v. White-bark). Fl. Jan.-April. Berry dark crimson. Leaves used in warm baths for rheumatism. On sandy shores and in forests. — All islands. EEYTHROXYLACEJ!. 114. Erythrosylum ovatum, Cav. (v. Wild Cherry, Brisselet). Fl. April-Sept. Precocious. Branches, as a rule, transformed into brachyblasts. Common in thickets. — All islands. (E. areolatum, West, p. 28G, and E. brcvijjes, Bertero in Schlecht. Flo- rida, are, no doubt, mistakes for the species mentioned above.) MALPIGHIACEJE. 115. Byrsonima spicata, Rich. Fl. July- Aug. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Parasol Hill); St. Thomas (Signal Hill); St. Jan (Bordeaux). 116. B. lucida, Rich. Fl. Oct.— St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. i, 580); Vieques (Campo Asilo). 117. Bunchosia Swartziana, Gris. Fl. July. Pedicel uniglandular and bibracteolate at the joint. Very much attacked by insects. In thickets. — St. Croix (rare, Kingshill) ; St. Thomas (not uncommon) ; St. Jan. 118. Galphimia glauca, Cav. (Icon, v, p. 61) (G. gracilis, Bartl.). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands. 119. Malpighia glabra, L. (v. Cherry). Fl. May-June. Fruit edible. Common in thickets. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 120. M. mens, L. a) and ft) lanceolata. Fl. June-Oct. a) common in thickets. — All islands; P) rare, St. Croix (Spring-gut). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 35 121. M. Cnida, Spreng. (Neue Entdeck. iii, 51). Fl. June-Sept. Along roads and in thickets, not uncommon. — St. Jan; Water Island; Vieques. 122. M. angustifolia, L. Fl. June-Oct. In thickets, not uncommon. — Water Island; Vieques. 123. Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium, Juss. Fl. all the year round. Samarae red. In thickets, common. — All islands. 124. Heteropteris purpurea, Kth. Fl. all the year round. Common in hedges and thickets. — All islands. 125. H. parvifolia, DC. (v. Bull Vis). Fl. all the year round. As common as the preceding species. — All islands. SAPOTDACEiE. 126. Cardiospermum Halicacabum, L. (v. Balloon-vine). Fl. Sept.-March. Eather common in thickets and near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 127. C. microcarpum, Kth. Fl. Jan.-March. In thickets, rare. — St. Croix (Spring-gut); St. Jan (Enigheit). 128. Serjania lucida, Schum. (v. White Vis, Cabrite rotting). Fl. Dec-June. Stem used as rope. Common in thickets. — All isl- ands.— (Paullinia curassavica, West, p. 281, is no doubt a mistake for this species.) 129. Cupania fulva, Mart. Fl. January. In forests, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands. 130. Sapindus inasqualis, DC. (v. Soap-seed). Fl. Dec-Jan. Seeds used for ornaments. In forests along rivulets. Not uncommon. — St. Croix. 131. Schmidelia occidentalis, Sw. Fl. May-Sept. Not uncommon in forests, especially in St. Croix. — All islands. 132. Melicooca bijuga, L. (v. Keneppy tree). Fl. April-May. Leafless during flowering. Flowers fragrant. Fruit astringent, edible. Naturalized and now very common everywhere, 36 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. often forming a secondary growth in cleared woodland. Introduced from the Spanish main. — All islands. 133. Dodonaea viscosa, L. Fl. April. On sandy seashores, rare. — St. Croix (Sandy Point). MEEIACEJE. 134. Melia sempervirens, Sw. (v. Lilac, Hagbush). Fl. all the year round. Common in forests and near dwellings. — All islands. 135. Trichilia hirta, L. Fl. June-July. Common in thickets. — All islands. (Guarea trichilioides, Jacq., said to occur in St. Croix (West, p. 281), seems to me rather doubtful.) 136. Swietenia Mahagoni, L. (v. Mahogany). Fl. April-June. In wooded valleys and along roads and dwellings. Not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. GERANIACEJE. [Cultivated occur several species of Geranium, L'Her., and Pelargo- nium, L'Her.] BALSAMINACEJ1. 137. Balsamina hortensis, Desp. (v. Lady-slippers). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized everywhere in gardens. Seeds often germinating in the capsule. — All islands. AURANTIACEvE. 138. Citrus medica, L. a) (v. Citron). ft) Limonum, Risso (v. Lime). Fl. April-May. a) naturalized, but rare, in gardens. ft) naturalized, common in gardens and near dwellings, also in forests. — All islands. 139. C. Aurantium, L. u) (v. Orange), ft) Bigaradia, Dub. (v. Seville Orange). Fl. May-July. Both forms naturalized in gardens, especially «). Common in St. Croix; rare in St. Thomas and St. Jan, where the species is said to have died out nearly, from disease.— (Mentioned also by Breutel, London Journal of Botany, ii.) 140. C. buxifolia, Padr. (v. Forbidden Fruit). Fl. July. Naturalized in a few places.— St, Croix; St. Thomas. 141. C. decumana, L. (v. Shaddock). Fl. July- Aug. Fruit used for preserves. Naturalized in gardens.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 37 142. Triphasia trifoliata, DC. (v. Sweet Lime). Fl. April-June. Naturalized iu thickets and near dwellings. Com- mon in all the islands. [Cultivated species: Murray a exotica, L. (v. Cyprian), and Coolcia punctata, Eetz.] OXALIDACE^E. 143. Oxalis Martiana, Zucc. Fl. May-Aug. Naturalized in gardens on all the islands. 144. O. corniculata, L. /?) microphylla, Poir. Fl. all the year round. Gregarious in fields. — St. Croix ( Annally) ; St. Thomas. ZYGOPHYLLACEJ;. 145. Tribulua cistoides, L. Fl. all the year round. Along roads and in open spots, gregarious. — St. Croix (in the easternmost part of the island only). 146. T. maxirnus, L. (v. Centipee-root, Longlo). Fl. all the year round. Stamens alternately of equal length. The whole i>lant is used in baths against boils. A very common weed along roads and in waste places. — All islands. i 147. Guajacum officinale, L. (v. Lignum vitse, Pockenholt). Fl. March-April. Common in former times, but now nearly exter- minated. On the seashore and in forests, rare. — All islands. RUTACEiE. 148. Pilocarpus racemosus, Valil. Fl. Feb.-March. Leaves undivided, 3-foliate or impari-pinnate in the same specimen (as stated in Hook. & Benth. Genera, i, 299, and Fl. Brasil. fasc. Go). Inflorescence terminal and axillary. A low tree. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (Kingshill, 1000') ; Vieques (Bavn in Hb. Havn.). (Specimen from Montserrat in Hb. Havn. also named P. laurifolius, Vahl.) 149. Tobinia punctata, Gr. Fl. Sept. Leaves often pinnate. Dots on the leaves pellucid. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix. 150. T. spinosa, Desv. Fl. May-June. Leaflets prickly on the principal nerves on both sides, bearing 2 stipular prickles at the base. Carpids 3 (2-1) globose, with a short beak, black, verrucose, 3'" long. Seeds black, shining. Rare in forests.— St. Thomas (Flag Hill, GOO'). 38 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 151. Fagara microphylla, Desf. (v. Ramgoat-biish) (F. tragodes, Jacq. in West). Fl. June-Dec. Dots of the leaves pellucid. The whole plant has a strong smell. Not uncommon in thickets. — St. Croix; Buck Island, near St. Croix. 152. Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis, L. (v. White PricMe). Fl. April-June. Aculei corky, 6'" long, greyish, with a narrow brown point. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands. 153. Z. flavum, Vahl (Naturh. Selsk. Skrift. vi, 132, 1810) (v. Yellow Sander). Not seen flowering. A fine timber-tree, used for furniture. Not un- common in forests in former times, but now nearly extinct. — St. Jan (Bordeaux Hills) (St. Croix? St. Thomas?) (Montserrat, Eyan in Hb. Havn.) ; Martinique (West in Hb. Havn.). 154. Z. Ochroxylum, DC. (v. Yellow Prickle) (Z. simplicifolium, Vahl in Hb. Havn.). Fl. June-Nov. 9 Panicle 1" long ; pedicels \'" long, bracteole at the base deciduous. Calyx 5-partite, %" diam. Petals 5, imbricate, white, f '" long, pellucid-dotted. Style thick, \'" high ; stigmas trian- gular. Ovaries 3 on a short gynophore. Carpids 3 (1-2) globose, ver- rucose, partly dehiscent, IV" diam. Seed shining-black. Stem armed with large corky aculei, often connected and forming long ridges down the stem. * Wood yellow. The whole plant is possessed of the same strong smell as Fagara. Not uncommon in forests. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill GOO') ; St. Jan (Bogiers) (Montserrat, Eyan in Hb. Havn. ; Marti- nique, South America, Hb. Havn.). (A branch without flowers, marked Z. macrophyllu/m,) St. Croix, Eyan in Hb. Havn., seems to belong to this species.) 155. Quassia amara, L. fil. (v. Quassia). Fl. Nov.-Feb. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands. 156. Castela erecta, Turp. Fl. Feb.-June. Petals purple. 2 with 8 rudimentary stamens, alter- nately of equal size. Carpids 2-3-4. La dry thickets along the south coast, not uncommon. — St. Croix. 157. Picraena excelsa, Lindl. (v. Bitter-ash). Not seen flowering. Wood very bitter, used for stomachic properties in drinks. In forests, rare. — St. Croix; St. Jan. OLACACEJE. 158. Schcepfia arborescens, R. S. Fl. Feb.-March. Fruit nearly always 1-seeded by abortion. Here and there in forests. — St. Croix (Saltriver, Wills Bay); St. Thomas (Crown, 1400'). FLORA. OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 39 AMPEEIDEJE. 159. Cissus sicyoides, L. (v. Lanibrali, Pinna koop). Fl. all the year round. Flowers purple or yellow. Aerial roots long, filiform. Common in forests. — All islands. 160. C. trifoliata, L. Fl. all the year round. On rocks and trees, not common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. * 161. C. acida, L. Fl. June- Aug. In thickets near the coast, common. — All islands. 162. Vitis caribaea, DC. Fl. June. In dense forests, rare. — St. Croix (Caledonia Gut) ; St. Thomas (Crown). CEEASTKACEiE. 163. Maytenus elaeodendroides, Gris. (Cat. Plant. Cub. p. 54). (Mamniis pohj- yamus, Vahl in Hb. Havn., and in West, p. 276.) Fl. Dec. Flower brownish, small. Calyx 5-partite, £"' diam. Petals 5, oval, V" long. Stamens 5, often all or part of them transformed into petals and more or less sterile. Stigma subsessile, 2-lobed. Ovary 2- locular, 2-ovulate. Disc brown, undulate, £'" high. Seed black with a red arillus. Eare in dry thickets. — St. Croix (Fair Plain). 164. M. leevigatus, Gris. in litt. (Ehamnus Icevigatus, Vabl in Synib. Bot. iii, 41 ; Ceanothus, DC). Fl. May-Oct. Capsule tardily dehiscent, 1-3-seeded, 6'" long. Seeds brown, reticulate with red veins, 2'" diam. Arillus tough, white. A shrub or middle-sized tree. Not uncommon in forests. — All islands. 165. Elaeodendron zylocarpum, DC. (v. Spoon-tree, Nut Muscat). Fl. Sept.-Dec. Stamens often transformed, as in Maytenus ekcoden- droides. Drupe orange-coloured, S"' long. Common on rocky shores; more uncommon in St. Croix. — All islands. 166. Myginda pallens, Sw. Fl. Oct.-May. Common in thickets, principally in marshy soil. — All islands. 167. M. latifolia, Sw. St. Croix (Pflug, sec. Yahl Symb. Bot. ii, 32) ; St. Thomas (Schl.). 168. Schaefferia frutescens, Jacq. Fl. Sept.-Dec. Common in thickets. — All islands. 40 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. RMAMNACE^E. 169. Reynosia latifolia, Gris. (Cat. PI. Cub. 34) (v. Guama). Emend, in Eggers, Videnskab. Medd. fra Naturbist. Forening, Copenbagen, 1878, cum icone,p. 173. Fl. June-July. Common in dry thickets. — Virgin Islands. 170. R. mucronata, Gris. (1. c.) (Eggers, 1. c). IsTot seen flowering. Bare in dry thickets near the coast. — St. Croix (easternmost part of the island, near Tague Bay). 171. Condalia fsrrea, Gris. (v. Edden-wood). Fl. Sept.-Jan. Keel of the calyx-lobes foliaceous. Drupe oval, 2%"' long. Not uncommon in thickets and forests. — All islands. 172. Colubrina ferruginosa, Brongn. Fl. Jan. and May-July. A low shrub. Common on sandy shores. — All islands. 173. C. reclinata, Brongn. (v. Snake-root, Mabee-bark). Fl. Nov.-March. Style 2-3-partite. Leaves used for the preparation of stomachic drinks. Not uncommon in thickets. — All islands. 174. Zizyphus reticulata, DC. (Prodr. ii, 20) (Paliurus, Vabl, Eel. Am. iii, 6). Fl. July. Disc brownish. Capsule 3-locular, one seed in each cell, 5'" long, glabrous. Seeds purple; pulp reddish brown. In dry thickets, rare. — St. Croix (Fair Plain). 175. Gouania domingensis, L. (v. Soap-stick, Silvi). Fl. Oct.-Jan. Stem used as rope. Common iu thickets. — All islands. TEREBINTEIACE^E. 176. Bursera gummifera, L. (v. Turpentine-tree). Fl. April-Sept. Protandrous. Easily propagated by large cuttings, and generally used for forming fences. Common in forests and along roads. — All islands. 177. Hedwigia balsamifera, Sw. St. Croix (West in Hb. Ilavn. and p. 281 as Icica alUssima). 178. Amyris sylvatica, Jacq. (v. Flamboyant). Fl. Feb.-April and July-Sept. Inflorescence trichotomous. Wood resinous and used for torches, especially in catching lobsters at night. Not uncommon in forests. — All islands. 179. Spondias lutea, L. (v. Hog-plum). Fl. March, coetanous, and later July. Leaves deciduous in Feb. Fruit oval, edible. Common in forests. — All islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 41 180. S. purpurea, L. (v. Jamaica Plum). Fl. Feb.-March, precocious. Naturalized in gardens and wooded val- leys.— All islands. 181. Rhus antillana, Egg. (n. sp.). Sect. Sumach. Leaves impari- pinnate ; leaflets 4-5-jugal, petiolulate, lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse at the base, entire, glabrous, chartaceous ; veins proniinulous beneath. Cyme ramose; branchlets bracteolate, equalling the leaves. Flower pedicellate, small, green, 5-merous, mostly $, the rest hermaphrodite. Calyx and petals persistent in the fertile flower. Stamens erect, a little louger than the petals, inserted into a fleshy central disc ; filaments villous at the base. Ovary inserted upon a short fleshy gynophore. Drupe globose, glabrous, 1-seeded by abor- tion. A low tree. Approaching B. metopium, L. Fl. Jan. In forests, rare.— St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400') ; St. Jan (Hb. Havn. as Xanthox- ylum). (St. Croix, Stouy -ground?) 182. Comocladia ilicifolia, Sw. (v. Prapra). Fl. March-May. Root containing a lasting red dye. -Common on lime- stone.— All islands. 183. Mangifera indica, L. (v. Mango-tree). Fl. Feb.-April. Fruit edible. Introduced towards the close of last century, and now cultivated and naturalized everywhere. — All islands. 184. Anacardium occidentale, L. (v. Cashew, Cherry). Fl. Dec-April. Pedicel becoming fleshy, and containing iu abund- ance a slightly astringent juice. Seeds used as almonds. Common in forests and along roads. — All islands. LEGUMINOSiE. 185. Crotalaria verrucosa, L. Fl. all the year round. Naturalized along roads. Very common. — All islands. 186. C. retusa, L. Fl. all the year round. Common along roads and in waste places. Naturalized. — All islands. 187. C. latifolia, L. Fl. Nov. Leaves golden sericeous beneath. Corolla greenish. Not uncommon in thickets. — All islands. 188. C. incana, L. (v. Rattle-bush). Fl. all the year round. Stipules deciduous, the scar exuding nectar afterwards, as well as the base of the bracteoles. Common along roads and near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 42 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 189. Indigofera tinctoria, L. Fl. April-Aug. Cultivated in former times, but now only found wild or naturalized. Common in dry localities. — All islands. 190. I. Anil, L. Fl. all the year round. The wnole plant is much attacked by insects. Very common in dry thickets. — All islands. »■ 191. Tephrosia cinerea, Pers. a) and (3) litoralis, Pers. Fl. Feb.-June. Both forms here and there in thickets. — All islands. 192. Cracca caribaea, Benth. St. Croix (Schl.); st- Thomas (Oris. Fl. p. 183). 193. Coursetia arborea, Gris. St. Jan (Gris. Fl. p. 183). 194. Sabinea florida, DC. (v. "Waterpanna). Fl. March-July. Precocious. Wood used for fishpots. Gregarious. Common in thickets and forests. — Virgin Islands. (Cultivated in St. Croix.) 195. Pictetia squamata, DC. (Proclr. ii, 314) (v. Fustic). Fl. June. Flowering period only 5 or G days. Branches in this and the following species commonly transformed into brachyblasts. Com- mon in forests and thickets. — Virgin Islands. 196. P. aristata, DC. (1. c.) (v. Fustic). Fl. Feb., March, and June- Aug. Eather common in thickets. — Vir- gin Islands; St. Croix (Jacq. Hort. Sckcenbr. ii, 60).? (Both species are perhaps to be united, as proposed by Jacquin.) 197. Agati grandiflora, Desv. Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens, common. — All islands. 198. Sesbania sericea, DC. Fl. Nov. In thickets near the coast, uncommon.— St. Thomas (Flag HiU). 199. iEschynomene americana, L. Fl. Nov.-Jan. In pastures and along roads, not uncommon. — St. Croix. 200. Zornia diphylla, Pers. Fl. July- Aug. In pastures on high hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal mil, Crown). 201. Lourea vespertilionis, Desv. Fl. Feb.-April. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 43 202. Alysicarpus vaginalis, DC. Fl. Nov.-Dec Leaves very variable. Along roads, common. — All islands. 203. Desmodium triflorum, DC. Fl. Dec.-Feb. Common near ditches and in moist localities. — All islands. 204. D. incanum, DC. Fl. Oct.-Jan. Common in pastures. — All islands. 205. D. scorpiurus, Desv. Fl. Dec-Jan. In pastures, not very common. — St. Croix; St. Thomas (Duchass). 206. Desmodium tortuosum, DC. Fl. Oct.-Jan. Common in i^astures. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 207. D. spirale, DC. Fl. ISTov.-Jan. Not uncommon in pastures and along roads. — All islands. 208. D. molle, DC. Fl. Dec-Jan. Lomentum often 3-4-jointed. Rather common in pas- tures.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. 209. Stylosanthes procumbens, Sw. Fl. Oct.-Dec Lomentum in my specimens always 2-jointed. Com- mon along roads. — All islands. 210. S. viscosa, Sw. St. Croix (West, p. 301). (Perhaps a mistake for the former species.) 211. Arachis hypogaea, L. (v. Pindars, Ground-nuts). Fl. May- Aug. Seeds used for making cakes or eaten roasted. Culti- vated and naturalized. — All islands. 212. Abrus preecatorius, L. (v. Jumbee-bead, Scrubber, Wild Liquorice). Fl. Oct.-Feb. Leaves used for washing clothes. Common in thick- ets and on hedges. — All islands. 213. Rhynchosia minima, DC. u) and /?) lutea, Egg. Fl. all the year round. Seeds black, with small grey spots, a) Stand- ard veined with purple ; a low climber. /?) Standard uniformly yellow ; climbing up to C Both forms common in pastures and thickets. — All islands. 44 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 214. R. phaseoloides, DC. Fl. March. Stem laterally compressed. Earein forests. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1200'). 215. R. reticulata, DC. Fl. all the year round. Leaflets as long as 1£". Common on fences and along roads. — All islands. 216. Cajanus indicus, Spreng. (v. Pigeon-pea, Vendu bountje). Fl. all the year round. Seeds used as a common vegetable for soup. Cultivated and naturalized. — All islands. 217. Clitoria Ternatea, L. (v. Blue Vine). Fl. all the year round. Common in thickets. — All islands. 218. Centrosema virginianum, Bentli. a) and /3) angustifolium. Fl. all the year round. Very common in ditches and on fences. — All islands. 219. Teramnus uncinatus, Sw., var. albiflorus, Egg. Fl. Sept.-March. Corolla \y long, constantly white. Legume 1" long, black, pilose. Common in pastures and along roads. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 220. Galactia filiformis, Benth. Fl. Oct.- Jan. Eoots often bearing small tubers. Common in thick- ets.— All islands. 221. G. tenuiflora, W. & A. Fl. Feb.- June. In forests, rare. There seems not to be sufficieut reason for uniting this species to the precediug, as done by Griseb. Fl. p. 194.— St. Thomas (Flag Hill); St. Jan (Eogiers). 222. Vigna luteola, Bentli. (v. Wild Pea). Fl. all the year round. Common in moist localities. — All islands. 223. Dolichos lablab, L. (D. henglialcnsis, Jacq.). Fl. all the year round. Seeds brown. Very common along the sea- shores.— All islands. 224. Phaseolus lunatus, L. (v. Bonny Vis). Fl. Dec.-Feb. Corolla white or rosy. Naturalized in thickets and near dwellings. — All islands. 225. Ph. vulgaris, L. (v. White Bean). Fl. Feb.-July. Cultivated and naturalized near dwellings. — All islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 45 226. Ph. alatus, L. St. Croix (West, p. 299). 227. Ph. semierectus, L. Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded only in the sun. Common along roads and in pastures. — All islands. 228. Canavalia parviflora, Benth. (Flor. Bras, xv, i, 177). Fl. Feb. Inflorescence extra-axillary (as in C. bonaricnsis, Lindl. Bot. Keg. 1199). Legume broad on the back, without prominent ridges, 3" long, 1^" broad. Seeds crimson, shining, §" long. In forests, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1300'). 229. C. gladiata, DC. /?) ensiformis, DC. (v. Sour-eyes, Overlook) (Dolichos acina- ciformis, Jacq. Icon. Rar. t. 559). Bot. Mag. 4027. Fl. Aug.-Dec. Naturalized in pro vision grounds. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1200'). 230. C. obtusifolia, DC. (Dolichos rotundifolius, Vakl). Fl. all the year round. Common along the seashore. — All islands. 231. Mucuna pruriens, DC. (v. Cow-itch). Fl. Oct.-Nov. In shady valleys. Eare. — All islands. 232. Brythrina Corallodendron, L. (v. Flamboyant). Fl. Feb.- April. Precocious. Stamens all of unequal length. Eather common, especially along roads and near dwellings. — All islands. 233. E. horrida, Egg. (u. sp.). Fl. Feb.-March. Very prickly. Approaching to the preceding, but stem, branches, petiole, and leaf-ribs on both sides armed with stout and straight prickles ; legume terete, long- beaked. A low tree, branches procumbent. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands. 234. Piscidia Erythrina, L. (v. Dog-wood, Stink-tree). Fl . March- April. Precocious. Only those individuals that flower drop the leaves. Common in thickets. — All islands 235. Drepanocarpus lunatus, Mey. St. Croix (Isert, 1787, in Hb. Havn; West, p. 298). 236. Hecastophyllum Brownei, Pers. Fl. June-Dec. Not uncommon on sandy shores. — All islands. 237. Andira inermis. Sw. (v. Dog Almond, Bastard Mahogany, Hon Kloot). Fl. May-Aug. and Dec. Not uncommon in forests and along rivu- lets.— All islands. 46 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 238. Sophora tomentosa, L. Fl. July-Jan. Along sandy shores, rare. — St. Croix (White's Bay, Turner's Hole). 239. Myrospermum frutescens, Jacq. Fl. May-June. Legume resinous. Naturalized near dwellings. — St. Croix. 240. Haematoxylon campechianum, L. (v. Logwood). Fl. Feb.-May. The young plants prickly on the stem. Here and there on sandy shores. More common in former times. — All islands. 241. Parkinsonia aculeata, L. (v. Horse-bean). Fl. all the year round. Common in dry localities. — All islands. 242. Guilandina Bonduc, L. (v. Yellow Nickars). Fl. May-Oct. Common along sandy shores. — All islands. 243. G. melanosperma, Egg. (n. sp.) (v. Black Nickars). Fl. June-Oct. Resembling the preceding, but leaflets smaller, gla- brous, shining, prickles red and seeds shining-black. Seeds used for ornaments. In dry thickets near the shore, rare. — St. Croix (Sandy Point, Grape-tree Bay). 244. G. Bonducella, L. (v. Grey Nickars). Fl. all the year round. Anthers successively dehiscent. Flowers polygamous. Very common along sandy shores. — All islands. 245. Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Sw. (v. Dudeldu). Fl. June-Dec. Bracteoles large, subulate, but deciduous before the expansion of the flower. Commonly naturalized along roads and near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 246. Poinciana regia, Boj. (Bot. Mag. 2884) (v. Flamboyant). Fl. May-July. Bracteoles as in the preceding. Leaves deciduous Dec-April. A handsome tree of very quick growth. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — St. Croix j St. Thomas. 247. Lebidibia coriaria, Schl. (v. Dividivi). Fl. April-May. Legume used for tanning purposes. Eather common on dry hills. — Virgin Islands (St. Croix, cultivated). 243. Cassia Fistula, L. Fl. Sept. Naturalized here and there in shady valleys.— St. Croix (The William). 249. C. grandis, L. (v. Liquorice-tree). Fl. April-July. The pulp containing rhaphides in abundance. Nat- uralized and cultivated near dwellings. — St. Croix j St. Thomas. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 47 250. C. bacillaris, L. Fl. Nov.-May. Common in thickets and woods on high hills. — St. Thomas. 251. C. bicapsularis, L. (v. Stiverbusk, Styver bla). Fl. all the year round. Very common in waste places. — All islands. 252. C. florida, Valil. Fl. Dec. Naturalized near towns. — St. Thomas. 253. C. biflora, L. j3) angustisiliqua, Lam. Fl. Nov.-May. In thickets, rare.— St. Croix (Longford). 254. C. alata, L. (v. Golden Candlestick, Fleiti). Fl. May-Nov. Along rivulets, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands (nat- uralized in St. Croix). 255. C. occidentalis, L. (v. Stinking-weed). Fl. all the year round. Boot used against fever. A very common weed near dwellings and in waste places. — All islands. 256. C. obtusifolia, L. Fl. June-Nov. Common in dry localities. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. (C. triJJora, Vahl (Eclog. Am. iii, p. 11) (West, St. Croix), is a doubt- ful species. I have not been able to find the original spechnen of Vahl in Hb. Havn.) 257. C. glandulosa, L. a) stricta, Sckk, and /?) ramosa. Fl. all the year round. Both forms common in pastures and along roads. — All islands. 258. C. nicticans, L. Fl. all the year round. In the same localities as the preceding. — St. Croix 5 St. Thomas. 259. Tamarindus indica, L. (v. Tamarind-tree). Fl. March-June. Naturalized everywhere, especially near dwell- ings.— All islands. 260. Hymeneea Courbaril, L. (v. Locust-tree). Fl. Jan. and July-Aug. Bracts large, early deciduous. The wood is an excellent timber on account of its being very hard and close-grained. In forests, here and there. — All islands. 261. Bauhinia tomentosa, L. Fl. May-June. Leaves partly deciduous in March. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — St. Croix j St. Thomas. 48 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 262. B. ungula, Jacq. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 214). 263. Adenanthera pavonina, L. (v. Coquelicot). Fl. July-Oct. Naturalized near dwellings and in shady valleys. — All islands. 264. Neptunia pubescens, Benth. Fl. Aug. Legume containing as many as 9 seeds. Bare. — Buck Island, near St. Thomas. - 265. Desmanthus virgatus, W. o) and /3) strictus, Bert. Fl. all the year round. Both forms common in pastures and along roads. — All islands. 266. D. depressus, Kth. St. Thomas (Schl.). 267. Mimosa pudica, L. a) (v. Gritchee). Fl. all the year round. In pastures and along roads. — St. Croix (very rare, Mt. Stewart) ; Virgin Islands (common). 268. M. asperata, L. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 219). 269. M. Ceratonia, L. (v. Black Amaret, Amaretsteckel). Fl. June-Dec. On high hills. — St. Croix (West, p. 312 ; his specimens are found in Hb. Havn.) ; Virgin Islands (common). 270. Leucaena glauca, Benth. (v. Wild Tamarind). Fl. all the year round. Leaflets closing together in strong sunlight. Seeds used for fancy work, such as collars, baskets, etc. Very common everywhere, also as secondary growth on cleared woodlands. — All islands. 271. Acacia Catechu, W. Fl. May-July. Stem furnished with strong black aculei. Naturalized in shady valleys. — St. Croix (Crequis). 272. A. nudiflora, W. (v. Amaret). Fl. May and Nov.-Dec. Protandrous. Young foliage reddish. Wood used for fencing. A low tree. Common in thickets and woods. — Virgin Islands. 273. A. sarmentosa, Desv. (v. Catch-and-keep, White Police). Fl. July-Sept. Stem generally angular or even winged. A very spiny climbing shrub, the recurved spines of which often make thickets impene- trable. Common on dry hills. — Virgin Islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 49 274. A. macracantha, HB. /?) glabrens (v. Stink CasM). Fl. Dec-April. A shrub or low tree. Wood exhaling a very dis- agreeable odour. Common in thickets on dry hills. — All islands. 275. A. tortuosa, W. (v. Cashii). Fl. all the year round. Flowers fragrant. Bracteoles rhomboid, ciliate. Often gregarious. Common on dry hills. — All islands. 276. A. Farnesiana, W. (y. CasM). Fl. all the year round. Flowers fragrant ; bracteoles spathulate, ciliate. Foliage of this and the two former species eaten by goats, and their wood generally used for making charcoal. Common in dry localities. — All islands. 277. A. arabica, W. Fl. Nov.-Jan. Naturalized near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 278. A. Lebbek, W. (v. Thibet-tree). Fl. April-Sept. Leaves deciduous Nov.-March. Flowers fragrant. Foliage eaten by cattle. The tree is often overgrown by Lorantlms emar- ginatus. Naturalized in pastures and elsewhere. — St. Croix (very com- mon) ; Virgin Islands (common, except St. Jan, where the tree seems not to thrive). (A. frondosa, W., var. eglandulosa, St. Thomas, is mentioned by Schlechtendal as spontaneous, but, being an East Indian species, is most probably only cultivated or at most naturalized. I have not seen the species in the island.) 2 79. Calliandra portoricensis, Benth. Fl. Feb. Climbing by the aid of young branches that twine themselves around the branches of other trees. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (King's Hill) ; Vieques. 280. C. purpurea, Benth. (v. Soldier-wood, West). St. Croix (Gris. Fl. p. 224, probably on the authority of West. This author, however, says, p. 312, that the tree is only cultivated in the isl- and. His specimens are in existence in Hb. Havn. I have not seen the tree on the island). 281. C. Saman, Gris. (v. Giant Thibet-tree). Fl. May- Aug. A very large tree of quick growth. Naturalized near dwellings and planted along roads. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 282. Pithecolobium unguis-cati, Benth. a) and /3) forfex, Kth. (v. Crab-prickle). Fl. Sept.- Jan. Gynophore V" long. Seeds black, shining; arillus rosy. Wood used for fishpots. Both forms common on limestone and in marshy soil. — All islands. Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 1 50 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 283. Inga lamina, W. (v. Lady-finger-tree). Fl. July-Sept, and Jan.-March. Petiole bearing a narrow wing on each side. Corolla greenish. ( Jacquin's drawing does not show any wing on the petiole. In the letterpress, however, of his Stirp. Am., he expresses a doubt whether the petiole is winged or not.) Wood used for fences, etc. Common in forests.— All islands. [Cultivated species : Pisum sativum, L. (v. Green Pea) ; Dolichos sphwro- spermus, DC. (v. Black-eye Pea) ; D. sesquipedalis, L. ; Poinciana Gilliesii, Hook. ; and a Casparea.] CHB¥§OBALANACEiE. 284. Chrysobalanus Icaco, L. (v. Cocoa-plum, Cacos). Fl. Dec.-Feb. and July- Aug. Fruit black or white ; used for preserves. On sandy shores or in forests on high hills. Common. — All islands. ROSACEA. [Many varieties of Rosa gallica, L., and B. centifolia, L., are cultivated in gardens on all the islands, and are flowering abundantly all the year round. In the time of West (c. 1790), roses were rare, and flowered but seldom, so that we here seem to have an instance of gradual acclimati- sation.] MYBTACE^E. 285. Calyptranthes Thomasiana, Berg (Linnsea, xxvii, 26). St. Thomas (Ventenat and Bavn in Hb. Havn.). 286. C. Chytraculia, Sw. /?) ovalis, Berg, and t) Zyzygium, Berg (1. c. p. 28). In forests, rare. — St. Thomas ; St. Croix. 287. C. pallens, Gris. Fl. July- Aug. Branchlets quadrangular. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Kingshill Gut) ; St. Thomas (Crown). 288. Myrcia coriacea, DC. 7) Imrayana, Gris. Fl. June-July. In forests on high hills, uncommon. — AH islands. 289. Jambosa malaccensis, DC. Fl. April-May. Naturalized in shady valleys; rare. — St. Croix (Cre- quis). 290. J. vulgaris, DC. (v. Pomerose-tree). Fl. March-June. Fruit used for preserves. Naturalized along rivu- lets and in forests, common. — All islands. 291. Eugenia buxifolia, W. Fl. June-Sept. Petioles reddish. Gregarious, especially along the seashore. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 51 292. E. Poiretii, DC. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 236). 293. E. monticola, DC. Fl. July-Sept. Leaves variable, distichous. Flowers strongly fra- grant. When not flowering, the shrub emits a foetid smell. Bather common in forests. — All islands. 294. E. axillaris, Poir. Fl. Aug.-Oct. Leaves variable. Petiole reddish. In thickets; rare. — St. Croix (Lebanon Hill, Fair Plain). 295. E. lateriflora, W. (E. cordata, DC. Prodr. iii, 272, and probably E. sessiUflora, ib. 273). Fl. Sept.-Nov. Leaves very variable, ovate, cuneate, or oblong. Flowers sessile or subsessile, crowded in the axils. Berry globose, purple, 2'" diam. Common in thickets and forests. — All islands. 296. E. sessiliflora, Vahl (Symb. Bot. iii, 64). Fl. July-Oct. Fruit large, rosy, § "-1" diam. Flowers sessile, large, white, 5'" diam. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas (CowelPs Hill). (Both DC. and Gris. seem to confound these two very distinct species, the flowers and fruits of which are highly different in most respects. DC. Prodr. iii, 273, says of his E. sessiliflora : Fructus dimidio minor quam E. lateriflora, yet immediately above he says of this latter species: Fructus et sem. ignoti. Yahl's description is very correct, also, of the fruit, of which he says: Pruni magnitudine, globosus.) 297. E. flavovirens, Berg (I.e.). > St. Jan (Bavn in Hb. Havn.). 298. E. glabrata, DC. (Prodr. iii, 274). ' St. Croix (Berg). 299. E. pallens, DC. (E. nitida, Vahl in Hb. Havn.) (v. Cromberry). Fl. Sept.-Nov. Leaves shining. In forests, uncommon. — All islands. 300. E. acetosans, Poir. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 283). St. Jan (in forests, Berg in Linnsea, xxx, 662) ; St. Croix (Mount Eagle, Kichard). 301. E. virgultosa, DC. Fl. April-July. Leaves variable. Common along the seashore and in forests. — All islands. 52 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 302. E. procera, Poir. (v. Black Cherry, Rock-myrtle) (Myrtus cerasina, Vahl in West, p. 290). PI. Feb. and Aug.-Nov. Plowers fragrant; fruit edible; a favourite food for wild pigeons. In forests, common. — All islands. 303. E. pseudopsidium, Jacq. (E. Thomasiana, Berg) (v. Bastard Guava, Christmas Cherry). PI. April-Dec. Plowers fragrant; fruit oval. A shrub or low tree. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands. 304. E. ligustrina, W. PI. April and Sept. In thickets and woods, common. — All islands. 305. E. portoricensis, DC. (Prod, iii, 266) (Stenocalyx, Berg). St. Croix (ex Hb. Vahlii in Hb. Berol.). 306. E. vmiflora, L. (v. Surinam Cherry). PI. March-Aug. Pruit edible, acidulous. A middle-sized tree. Nat- uralized and planted in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 307. E. floribunda, West (v. Guava-berry). PI. June- Aug. Berry black, globose, shining, 4"' diam., aromatic ; used for preserves or put in rum. In forests, not uncommon. — All isl- ands. (E. marginata and E. micrantha, West, p. 290, are not mentioned in Vahl's Symb. Bot. pars iii, as stated, and are probably included in some of the species enumerated above.) 308. Anamomis punctata, Gris. Fl. June. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Maroon Hill, Wills Bay) ; St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay). 309. Pimenta vulgaris, W. & A. (v. Cinnamon-bush). PL June-July. In forests, rare. An excellent timber tree. — St. Croix (Maroon Hill) ; Virgin Islands. 310. P. acris, W. & A. (v. Bay-leaf), a). PL July-Aug. Prom the leaves the well-known bay-rum is distilled. In forests near the coast, not common. — St. Croix ; Vieques. 311. Psidium Guava, Radd. (v. Guava). a). PL all the year round. Fruit edible ; also used for preserves. Very common, overrunning pastures and becoming troublesome in many places. — All islands. 312. P. cordatum, Sims. (v. Sperry Guava). Fl. May-July. Fruit fragrant. In thickets on hills, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 53 313. Punica granatum, L. (v. Pomegranate). Fl. April-Oct. Flowers crimson or yellow Fruit the same. Natur- alized in valleys and near dwellings. — All islands. 314. Mouriria domingensis, Walp. (Petaloma Mouriri, Sw.). St. Croix (Baudonius Gut, West, p. 285, and specimens in Hb. Havn.). [Cultivated species : Myrtus communis, L. (v. Myrtle), and Couroupita guianensis, Aubl. (v. Nutmeg).] MEL.ASTOMACJEJE. 315. Clidemia hirta, Don. St. Thomas (Biedle sec. Naudin, Ann. des sc. nat. 1853, xviii, p. 532). 316. C. spicata, DC. Fl. June-July. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands. 317. C. rubra, Mart. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 248 ; Finlay sec. Naudin, 1. c). 318. Diplochita serrulata, DC. Fl. Feb.-May . Not uncommon in wooded valleys. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 319. Tetrazygia elaeagnoides, DC. Fl. April- Aug. Common in forests and on high hills. — All islands. 320. Miconia argyrophylla, DC. St. Thomas (Finlay sec. Naudin, Gris. Fl.'p. 256). 321. M. impetiolaris, Don. Leaves as long as 1£'. — St. Croix (West in Hb. Havn.) ; St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 256; Bonpland sec. Naudin. Montserrat (Byan in Hb. Havn.). 322. M. prasina, DC. St. Thomas (Biedle sec. Naudin). « 323. M. laevigata, DC. Fl. March-July. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands. 324. M. angustifolia, Gris. Fl. March. A good- sized shrub, often gregarious on limestone. — St. Croix (Benzon in Hb. Havn.); Virgin Islands (not uncommon. Mont- serrat (Byan in Hb. Havn.). [Several of the species mentioned by Naudin as having been collected in St. Thomas I omit as being a rather doubtful habitat. These are : Tshudya berbiceana, Gris. (Miconia, Naud.) ; Cremanium amygdalinum, Gris. (Osscea, DC), and Nepsera aquatica, Naud.] 54 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. LYTHRARIEj;. 325. Ammania latifolia, L. Fl. Dec-June. Here and there in moist localities. — St. Croix (Lower Cove, Anna's Hope) ; St. Thomas (Flag Hill). 326. Antherylium Rohrii, Vahl (Symb. Bot. iii, 66) (v. Prickle-wood). Fl. Oct.-March. Precocious. Petiole bibracteate above the middle. In marshy soil near the coast. — St. Croix (rare; Fair Plain, Stony Ground) ; Virgin Islands (common). [Cultivated species : Lawsonia inermis, L. (v. Mignonette), and Lager- stromia indica, L. (v. Queen of Flowers).] ONAGRACEJE. 327. Jussieua suSruticosa, L. a) ligustrifolia, Kth. Fl. all the year round. Here and there in moist places. — St. Croix (Crequis, Golden Eock) ; St. Thomas (Caret Bay). RRIZOPHORACE^. 328. Rhizophora Mangle, L. (v. Mangrove, Mangelbooin). Fl. all the year round. Gregarious along the shore of lagoons. — All islands. (See Botaniska Notiser, 1877, Lund, and Vidensk. Medd. fra ISfaturhist. Forening in Copenhagen, 1877-78.) COMRRETACEJE. 329. Terminalia Catappa, L. (v. Almond-tree). Fl. Jan.-April and Sept. Naturalized in valleys and near dwellings. — St. Croix (common) ; Virgin Islands (rare). 330. Laguncularia racemosa, G. (v. White Mangrove). Fl. all the year round. Wood used for fishpots. Common in salt- water lagoons. — All islands. 331. Bucida Buceras, L. (v. Gregery). Fl. May- Aug. A splendid timber tree. Leaves often attacked by a fungus (Erineum, vide Kunze mycol. Hefte, ii, 148). Flowers often trans- formed into long monstrosities (figured already in P. Browne's Jamaica, tab. 23). Common in valleys and especially along the coast. — All isl- ands. 332. Conocarpus erecta, L. (v. Button-wood), a) and Q) procumbens, Jacq. Fl. all the year round. Common along the coast and in lagoons. — All islands. f Cultivated species : Quisqualis indica, L.] FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 55 CUCURBSTACEiE. (Griseb. Flora, and Naudin: Annales des sc. nat. 1859, '62, '63, and '66.) 333. Momordica Charantia, L. a) and /?) pseudobalsamina (v. Maid-apple). Fl. Dec. and April-Aug. Common on fences and near ditches. — All islands. 334. Luffa cylindrica, Roem. (Syn. Mon. ii, 63) (L. Petola, Ser. Wight Icon, ii, t. 499) (v. Strainer-vine). Fl. Oct.-Dec Tendril 5-fld. Fruit brown, 4" long. Naturalized on fences. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 335. Cucurbita Pepo, L. a) (v. Pumpkin) and /?) Melopepo (v. Squash). Fl. May.-Nov. and Feb. Fruit used extensively as a vegetable. Naturalized and cultivated. — All islands. 336. Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser. a) (v. Gobie) and /?) viscosa, Egg. (v. Bitter Gobie). Fl. Sept.-Jan. The whole plant has a strong smell. Tendril 2-fid. /3) leaves viscous, petiole biglandular near the top. Used as a blister. Not uncommon in waste places, a) on fences. Fruit used for goblets. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 337. Melothria pervaga, Gris. Fl. Dec-April. In thickets, not uncommon. — All islands. 338. Cucumis Anguria, L. (v. Cucumber). Fl. Jan.-March. Anthers glabrous in the bud, pilose after dehiscence, collecting the pollen. Berry used for soup and pickles. Common in pastures and on fences. — All islands. 339. Cephalandra indica, Naud. (1. c. 1866, p. 14) (Coccinia, W. & A.). Fl. Dec-June. Naturalized near dwellings and in shady valleys. — St. Croix. 340. Trianosperma graciliflorum, Gris. (T. Belangerii, Naud.). Fl. Nov.-Jan. Leaf 3-5-lobed. Tendril often bifid. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands. 341. T. ficifolium, Mart. (Syst. nat. med. veg. Bras. 79) (Bryonia, Lam.). Fl. March. In forests, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Soldier Bay) j St. Jan (West, p. 301). 342. Anguria trilobata, L. St. Croix (Ham's Bluff, West, p. 305). 343. A. glomerata, Egg. (n. sp.). , Fl. Feb.-March and May- Aug. Boot tuberous. Stem suffruticose, bark greyish. Leaves alternate, ovate-triangulate or 3-lobed, some- 56 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. times 3-partite, narrowly cordate at the base, denticulate, acuminate, scabrous above, whitish pubescent beneath. Tendril simple. 9 flowers glomerate, sessile or subsessile, 8-20 in the glomerule. Calyx urceolate- cylindrical, small. Petals 5, orange-coloured or red, lanceolate, erect, 5'" long. Style bifid ; stigmas thick, globose, obsoletely 2-lobed. Ovary 2- locular; ovules 3-8 in each cell. Berries densely glomerate, sessile or subsessile, oval, glabrous, striate, red, S'" long. Seeds 3-8, urceolate- globose, verrucose, brownish, 2'" long. S unknown. A high cumber. Stem often \" diam. at the base, succulent. In forests, not uncom- mon.— St. Croix (Jacob's Peak, Claremont,) ; St. Thomas (Picaru Penin- sula). All Cucurbitacese are protogynous. [Cultivated species : Sechium edule, Sw. (v. Choco) ; Cucumis sativus, L. (v. Mutton-cucumber) ; C. Melo, L. (v. Muskmelon), and Citrullus vul- garis, Schrader (v. Watermelon).] PAPAYACEiE. 344. Garica Papaya, L. (v. Papaw). Fl. March-Aug. Stem often branched. Fruit used as a vegetable. Common near dwellings and in waste places. All islands. PASSIFLOBACE^!. 345. Passiflora suberosa, L. (v. Pop, Indigo-berry). Fl. Sept.-Dec. Common on rocks and fences. — All islands. 346. P. pallida, L. Fl. Oct.-Dec. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Wills Bay) ; St. Jan. 347. P. hirsuta, L. (P. parviflora, Sw.) St. Croix (West, p. 30. 348. P. peltata, Cav. St. Thomas (Schl.). 349. P. rubra, L. Fl. Sept.-Feb. In forests and on rocks. — St. Croix (rare) ; Virgin Isl- ands (common). ' 350. P. laurifolia, L. (v. Bell-apple). Fl. all the year round. Leaf-margin glanduliferous. Berry fragrant, containing an edible pulp. In thickets on high hills (perhaps only nat- uralized) and cultivated. — All islands. 351. P. incarnata, L. St. Croix (West, p. 304). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 57 352. P. foetida, L. (v. Love in the mist). Fl. Sept.-Jan. Protandrous. On fences and near ditches, common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. [Cultivated species : P. qiiadrangularis, L. (v. Grenadilla), the berry of which is edible.] . TURNERACE^E. 353. Turnera ulmifolia, L. Fl. March-Oct. In waste places, common. — All islands. 354. T. parviflora, Benth. Fl. Sept.-Dec. and Jan.-May. Leaves always eglandular ; calyx not tomentose. Gregarious on rocky seashores, rare. — St. Thomas (CowelFs Hill) '} Buck Island, near St. Thomas. CACTACEJ!. 355. Mamillaria nivosa, Link (Pfeiffer Enum. Cact. 1837, p. 11) (M. iortolensis, Hort. Berol.). Fl. all the year round. Flower pale yellow; berry clavate, purple. Seeds brownish. On rocks near the seashore. — Buck Island and Flat Cays, near St. Thomas ; Tortola (Pf.). 356. Melocactus communis, DC. (v. Pope's Head). Fl. all the year round. Berry clavate, purple, §" long. Seeds black, verrucose. Up to four feet high. On dry hills and rocks, especially near the shore. — All islands. 357. M. atrosanguineus, Hort. Berol. St. Thomas (Pf. 1. c. p. 44). 358. Cereus floccosus, Hort. Berol. (v. Diltlo). Fl. Oct.-July. Berry depressed globose, dark crimson, 1£" diam. Pulp red; seeds small, black. On dry hills in thickets, common. — All islands. 359. C. armatus, Otto. St, Thomas (Pf. 1. c. p. 81). 360. C. triangularis, Haw. (v. Chigger-apple). Fl. July. Berry large, crimson, edible, 5" long, oval. On trees and rocks in forests, not uncommon. — All islands. 361. C. grandiflorus, Haw. (v. Nightblooming Cereus). Fl. May-July. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 58 FLOEA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 362. Opuntia curassavica, Mill. (v. Suckers). Fl. all the year round. Berry purple, §" long, clavate. Gregarious in dry localities, which are often rendered impenetrable by its presence. Very common. — All islands. 363. O. Tuna, Mill. (v. Prickly Pear). Fl. all the year round. Berry ovate, crimson, edible. Seeds small, black. Used for fencing purposes. In dry localities, very common. — All islands. 364. O. horrida, Salm. (v. Bull-suckers). Fl. all the year round. Flower reddish-yellow. In dry localities, com- mon.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 365. O. spinosissima, Mill. Fl. all the year round. Spines white, 5-8 in each cluster, deciduous on the stem. Flower §" diameter. Plant reaching 20/-25/ high. In dry thickets, common. — All islands. 366. O. tuberculata, Haw. (v. French Prickly Pear). Fl. the whole year. Flower small, yellow. Branches used for poul- tices. Plant 10'-15' high. Naturalized and planted near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 367. O. coccinellifera, Mill. Fl. all the year round. Plant 15'-20' high. On limestone, uncom- mon.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. 368. O. catocantha, Hort. Berol. St. Thomas (Pf. 1. c. p. 166). 369. Feireskia aculeata, Mill. (v. Surinam Gooseberry). Fl. July. Fruit acidulous, edible. "Naturalized and cultivated. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 370. P. Bleo, HB. K. Fl. all the year round. Sepals accrescent on the fruit. Naturalized and cultivated in gardens. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. [Cultivated species : Cereus peruvianus, Tabem. ; C. monoclonos, DC. ; C. repandus, Haw., and C. Phyllanthus, DC] CRASSUI^ACEiE. 371. Bryophyllum calycinum, Salisb. (v. Wonderful Leaf). Fl. Jan.-March. — Naturalized in dry localities, common, gregarious. — All islands. FLORA OF ST CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 59 ARALIACE^. 372. Panax speciosum, Willd. (Spec. Plant, iv, p. 1126). Not seen flowering. Leaflets 8, of unequal size, the central ones lar- gest. Margin slightly undulate and denticulate. Upper surface covered with distant and deciduous muricate hairs; tomentuni on the lower sur- face deciduous. A low tree. In forests, very rare. St. Jan (King's Hill,. 1000', on the northern slope of the hills). (Cuba, Porto Bico, Ca- racas.) UMBELLIFEB^;. 373. Eryngium foetidum, L. Fl. -Sept-May. Biennial. Along rivulets and in moist places, rare. —St. Thomas (Caret Bay). 374. Anethum graveolens, L. (v. Dill). Fl. March-Oct. Naturalized along roads and near dwellings. — All islands. [Cultivated species: Petroselinum sativum, Hoffm. (v. Parsley) ; Daucus Carota, L. (v. Carrot) ; Pimpinella Anisum, L. (v. Anise) ; Fceniculum vul- gave, Gsertn. (v. Fennel); Anthriscus ccrefolium, L. (v. Chervil), and Apium graveolens, L. (v. Celery).] LOBANTHACE^. 375. Loranthus emarginatus, Sw. (v. Baas-fram-boom). Fl. all the year round. Inflorescences uniserial. On trees, especially Acacia Lebbek and Pisonia subcordata. Common. — All islands. 376. Phoradendron flavens, Gris. Fl. April-June. Seed compressed, green, with white bands. On Pi- sonia subcordata, rare. — St. Croix (Stony Ground). CAPRIFOEIACE^. [Cultivated occur: Sambucus nigra, L. (Fl. April-July), and Lonicera Caprifolium, L. (v. Honey-suckle).] RUBIACE2E. 377. Genipa americana, L. Fl. July. In forests on high hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Crown) ; St. Jan (Bogiers). 378. Catesbaea parviflora, Sw. Fl. Sept.-Dec. Fruit black, shining. In dry thickets, uncommon. — St. Croix (Fair Plain). / 60 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 379. Randia aculeata, L. a) and /?) mitis. Fl. April-July, a) in dry thickets, /?) in shady valleys. Common.— All islands. 380. Hamelia patens, Jacq. Fl. all the year round. 6'-15' high. In shady valleys, not uncom- mon.— All islands. 381. H. lutea, Rohr. Fl. all the year round. In forests, uncommon.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 382. Gonzalea spicata, DC. Fl. May-Oct. In pastures on high hills, above 1000', not uncommon. — Virgin Islands. 383. Exostemma caribseum, R. S. (v. Black Torch). Fl. June-Dec. Common in thickets. — All islands. 384. Portlandia grandiflora, L. Fl. June-Dec— St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. iv, p. 405 ; Gris. Fl. p. 324) • St. Croix (cultivated). 385. Rondeletia pilosa, Sw. Fl. all the year round. In thickets.— St. Croix (rare, near Cane Bay) ; Virgin Islands (common). 386. Oldenlandia corymbosa, L. Fl. Feb.-March. Seeds brown, minutely verrucose. In waste places, rare. — St. Croix (Government House yard). 387. O. callitrichioides, Gris. (PI. Wright, p. 506). Fl. Dec. Flower expanded early in the morning and late in the after- noon. Gregarious among stones. — St. Croix (Government House). 388. Spigelia anthelmia, L. (v. Worm- weed). Fl. all the year round. In open, moist localities, uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 389. Guettarda scabra, Lam. Fl. June-Dec. Flower expanded towards evening. Drupe dark crim- son, often 1-seeded by abortion. In woods, common. — All islands. 390. G. parvifolia, Sw. Fl. July-Oct. In woods, not uncommon. — All islands. 391. Stenostomum lucidum, G. Fl. Dec- April. In forests, rare— St. Croix ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 61 392. Chione glabra, DC. Not seen flowering. In forests, rare.— St. Croix (Fair Plain) j St. Thomas (Soldier Bay). 393. Scolosanthus versicolor, VaH. Fl. Oct.-Dec. Pedicels often transformed into spines, as mentioned by DC. (Prodr. iv, 484). Leaves 2"'-3'" long.— St. Croix (West and Eyan in Hb. Havn.); St. Thomas (rather common in thickets); Water Island. 394. Erithalis fruticosa, L. a) and ,3) odorifera, Jacq. Fl. Oct.-March. Along the coast, not uncommon. — All islands. 395. Chiococca racemosa, Jacq. Fl. March-Dec. In forests, common.— All islands. 396. Ixora ferrea, Benth. Fl. Feb.-May and Nov.-Dec. Among rocks on high hills over 1200', not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown). 397. Coffea arabica, L. (v. Coffee-tree). Fl. May- July. Berry ripe Nov.-Dec. Naturalized in shady localities. Formerly cultivated on most estates on a small scale, principally in St. Jan. — All islands. 398. Faramea odoratissima, DC. (v. Wild Coffee). Fl. June. In thickets on high hills.— St. Croix (West and Benzon in Hb. Havn.) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon). 399. Psychotria glabrata, Sw. Fl. June-Sept. Here and there in shady valleys. — All islands. 400. P. tenuifolia, Sw. Fl. May. In thickets on high hills, rare.— St. Thomas (Crown, 15007). 401. P. Brownei, Sprg. Fl. June-Sept. In woods, common. — All islands. 402. P. horizontals, Sw. Fl. May-Dec. Along roads and in thickets, common. — All islands. 403. Palicourea Pavetta, DC. a) and '(3) var. rosea, Egg. Fl. Feb. and Aug. P) corolla-lobes rosy, anthers bluish, and stem brownish. In forests, not uncommon. — /?) all islands, a) St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 404. Morinda citrifolia, L. (v. Pain-killer). Fl. June-Aug. Leaves used against headache. Naturalized in gar- dens.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 62 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 405. Geophila reniformis, Cham. & Sclil. Fl. Dec-Jan. and Aug. On the ground in dense woods, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, St. Peter) ; Yieques (Hb. Havn.). 406. Ernodea litoralis, Sw. Fl. Dec-May. Along sandy coasts, not uncommon. — All islands. 407. Diodia rigida, Chain. & Schl. (Linnsea, iii, 341). St. Thomas (Schl.). 408. D. sarmentosa, Sw. St. Thomas (Schl.). 409. Spermacoce tenuior, Lam. (v. Iron-grass), a) and /3) angustifolia,Egg. Fl. all the year round. P) leaves linear-lanceolate. In pastures and along roads. Both forms common. — All islands. 410. Borreria verticillata, Mey. Fl. May-Oct. Suffruticose. In pastures on hills. — St. Croix (Hb. Havn.) ; St. Thomas (not uncommon on Crown). a 411. B. stricta, Mey. (Primit. Fl. Essequib. p. 83), Fl. Dec-March. In pastures, here and there. — St. Croix (Parade Ground). (B. vaginata, Ch. & Schl. (St. Thomas, Schl.), is a doubtful species (DC. Prod, iv, 551).) 412. B. parviflora, Mey. Fl. March- June. Along roads and in forests. — St. Croix (Benzon in Hb. Havn.) ; St. Jan (Bustenberg, not uncommon). [Cultivated species : Ixora Bandhuca, Boxb. (v. Burning Love), and I. stricta, Boxb.] SYNAIN THERE JE. 413. Sparganophorus Vaillantii, G. Fl. March-Sept. In moist localities, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas (DC. Prod, v, 12). 414. Vernonia arborescens, Sw. a) Swartziana, (i) Lessingiana, y) divaricata, Sw. Fl. May-Dec In thickets, all three forms not uncommon. — All islands. 415. V. punctata, Sw. Fl. all the year round. In thickets, common. — All islands. 416. V. Thomas, Benth. (Vid. Medd. fraNat. For. 1852, p. 66). Fl. all the year round. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Thomas. FLORA OF ST. CEOIX AND THE VIEGIN ISLANDS. 63 417. Elephantopus mollis, Ktb. Ft. March-May. Head 4-flowered. In pastures, here and there. — All islands. 418. Distreptus spicatus, Cass. Fl. Jan.-March. In pastures and along roads, common. — All islands. 419. Ageratum conyzoides, L. Fl. Dec-June. Achenium usually 4-gonous. Along roads and ditches, common. — All islands. 420. Hebeclinium macrophyllum, DC. Fl. June-Sept. Achenium black, 3-gonous. In forests. — St. Croix (rare ; Caledonia, Wills Bay) ; St. Thomas (not uncommon). 421. Eupatorium odoratum, L. (v. Christmas-bush). Fl. Nov. -March. Along roads and in thickets, common. — All islands. 422. E. repandum, W. Fl. Dec-July. On hills, not common. — All islands. 423. E. atriplicifolium, Vahl (Symb. Bot. iii, 96). Fl. Dec-May. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous ; glandular impressions numerous on the upper surface. Flower odorous. On sandy shores, common. — All islands. 424. E. canescens, Vahl. Fl. Oct .-Nov. In thickets, uncommon. St. Croix (Spring-gut) ; St. Thomas (DC. Prod, v, 155). 425. E. A yap an a, Vent. St. Croix (naturalized sec Vahl, who received it from Pflug; probably only cultivated). 426. E. cuneifolium, Willd. St. Thomas (DC. Prod, v, 177). 427. Mikania gonoclada, DC. Fl. Dec-March. In forests. — St. Croix (rare ; Caledonia) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon). 428. Erigeron cuneifolius, DC. (Prod, v, 288). Fl. Dec-July. — Ehizome perennial, for which reason this species must be considered sufficiently distinct from the annual E. Jamaicensis, Sw. The two species are united into one by Prof. Grisebach in his Fl. p. 365. In pastures on high hills, not uncommon above 1200'. — Virgin Islands. 429. E. spathulatus, Yahl. ' Fl. April- July. Along roads and ditches, rather common. — All islands. 64 FLOKA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 430. E. canadensis, L. Fl. June-Nov. Bay-flowers often ligulate. Along roads, common. — All islands. 431. Baccharis Vahlii, DC. (Prod, v, 411) (B. dioica, Vahl). Fl. all the year round. As much as 30' high. On rocky seashores, gregarious, not uncommon. (The specific name of DC. is to be pre- ferred to that of Vahl, notwithstanding the priority of the latter, for the reasons stated in the Prodromus.) — St. Croix (northwestern coast). 432. Fluchea odorata, Cass. (v. Sweet Scent, Ovra bla). Fl. Feb,- April. Leaves used as tea against colds and as diuretic medicine. In moist localities, not uncommon. — All islands. 433. P. purpurascens, DC. Fl. all the year round. Along rivulets, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Gailows Bay, Kingshill Gut). 434. Pterocaulon virgatum, DC. Fl. all the year round. On dry hills, common. — All islands. 435. Melampodium divaricatum, DC. (Prod, v, 520) (AT. paludosum, Kth.). Fl. Oct.-Feb. Along ditches, gregarious, rare. — St. Croix (Jolly Hill). 436. Ogiera ruderalis, Gris. Virgin Islands (Gris. Fl. p. 3G9). 437. Acanthospermum humile, DC. Fl. all the year round. Leaves not glandular beneath. A common weed along roads. — St. Thomas. 438. Xanthium macrocarpum, DC. (Prodr. v, 523) (X orientate, L.). Fl. Oct.-Feb. A common weed, naturalized around dwellings. — All islands. 439. Farthenium Hysterophorus, L. (v. Mule-weed, White-head-broom). Fl. all the year round. A very common weed everywhere. — All islands. 440. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, L. ft) trinitensis. Fl. Sept.-Oct. Naturalized in waste places. — St. Croix (Fredrikssted). 441. Zinnia multiflora, L. (v. Snake-flower). Fl. Feb.-Aug. Along roads, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands. 442. Z. elegans, Jacq. Fl. May-Oct. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands. 443. Eclipta alba, Hassk. Fl. June-Fob. In moist localities, not uncommon. — All islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 65 444. Bonichia arborescens, DC. Fl. all the year round. On sandy shores, gregarious. — St. Croix (com- mon); St. Thomas (Smith's Bay). 445. Wedelia carnosa, Rich. Fl. June-Jan. Along ditches, gregarious. — St. Croix (western part of the island, not uncommon). 446. W. buphthalmoides, Gris. (v. Wild Tobacco), a), /?) antiguensis, Nichols, and y) dominicensis. FLall the year round. Leaves delicately fragrant, a) rare; /S) and y) common along roads and in thickets. — All islands. 447. W. affinis, DC. (Prod, v, 541) {W. calycina, Rich.). St. Thomas (Wydler). 448. W. acapulensis, HB. K. St. Thomas (Schl. in Linnsea, 1831, 727). (Grisebach, Fl. 372, thinks these two species to be included probably in W. frutescens, Jacq.) 449. W. cruciana, Rich. St. Croix (DC. Prodr. v, 542). 450. W. discoidea, Less. (Linnaea, 1831, 728). St. Thomas (Less. 1. c). 451. Melanthera deltoidea, Rich. St. Thomas (Less.). 452. Sclerocarpua africanus, Jacq. (Icon.Rar. i, t. 176). Fl. Nov.-Dec. Along roads and in thickets, rare. (Naturalized!) — St. Thomas (Parade ground). 453. Bidens leucanthus, W. Fl. Sept.-Dec. Under trees, on high hills.— St. Croix (West, p. 303) ; Virgin Islands (common). 454. B. bipinnatus, L. Fl. Sept.-March. Achenium often 5-aristate. In pastures and along ditches, common. — All islands. 455. Cosmos caudatus, Kth. Fl. Dec-March. Along roads and in fields, not uncommon.— All islands. 456. Verbesina alata, L. Fl. Feb.-Aug. Naturalized in gardens.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 5 66 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 457. Synedrella nodiflora, G. (v. Fatten barrow). Fl. all the year round. A common weed everywhere. — All islands. 458. Pectis punctata, Jacq. Fl. Oct.-March. In pastures and along ditches, common. — All islands. 459. P. linifolia, Less. St. Thomas (Less. Gris. Fl. p. 378). 460. P. humifusa, Sw. Fl. all the year round. Gregarious on rocks and between stones, not uncommon. — All islands. 461. Egletes domingensis, Cass. a)glabrata, DC; /3) carduifolia, DC; y)genuiua. Fl. all the year round. On the sandy seashore, a) and y) rather com- mon, fi) found by Oersted (Vid. Medd. 1852, p. 106).— St. Thomas. 462. Erechthites hieracifolia, Raf. a) and 7) cacaloides, Less. Fl. all the year round. In moist localities, not uncommon. — St. Croix (y) ; St. Thomas (a). 463. Emilia sonchifolia, DC. Fl. Jan.-Oct. In shady localities. Naturalized, common. — All islands. 464. E. sagittata, DC. (Prodr. vi, 302) (Cacalia coccinca, Sims.). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. (Cacalia coccinea, Sims., is, according to DC. Prodr. vi, 332, a synonym for Emilia coccinea. This latter species does, however, not occur in the Prodromus at all, and on a former page, 302, the Cacalia of Sims, is given as synonymous with E. sagittata.) I 465. Leria nutans, DC. Fl. June-March. In shady localities on hills, not uncommon.— All islands. t 466. Brachyrhamphus intybaceus, DC. (Jacq. Icon.Rar. i, t. 16-2). Fl. all the year round. Near dwellings and in waste places, a com- mon weed. — All islands. 467. Sonchus oleraceus, L. (v. Wild Salad). Fl. all the year round. Achenium mostly 4-furrowed. Along roads and uear dwellings, common. — All islands. (Chrysogonum dichotomum, sp. nov., Vabl, mentioned in West, p. 303, as occurring in St. Croix, is not described in any of Vahl's publications ; FLORA OF ST. CEOIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 67 and as no specimens are to be found in Hb. Havn., I have not been able to identify the species.) [Cultivated species : Helianthus annuus, L. (v. Sunflower) ; Pyrethrum indicium, Cass. ; Aster chinensis, L. ; Tagetes patula, L. ; Titlionia speciosa, Hook.; Georgina variabilis, Willd., and Lactuca sativa, L. (v. Salad).] EOBEEIACEJE. 468. Isotoma longiflora, Prsl. Fl. all the year round. The whole plant is poisonous. In shady locali- ties and in pastures on high hills. St. Croix (rare, Mount Pleasant, Wills Bay) ; Virgin Islands (rather common on the hills). GOODETCOVSACE^. 469. Scaevola Plumieri, L. Fl. Jan.-April. On sandy shores. — St. Croix (not uncommon) ; St. Thomas (Smith's Bay). MYRSINACE^:. 470. Ardisia coriacea, Sw. Fl. June-Aug. Leaves minutely spotted beneath. In forests and on high hills, not uncommon. — All islands. 471. Jacquinia armillaris, L. a) and (3) arborea, V. (v. Bay Sallie). Fl. Sept.-Feb. On the rocky shore, not uncommon. — All islands. SAPOTACEH. 472. Chrysophyllum Cainito, L. (v. Star-apple). Fl. May-July. Fruit edible. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Springfield) ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 473. C. pauciflorum, Lam. Fl. June. In forests, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill). 474. C. oliviforme, Sw. 13) monopyrenum. Fl. July. In forests, not very common. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 475. C. microphyllum, Jacq. (v. Palmer). Fl. Sept.-Jan. In wooded valleys, rare. — St Croix (Bugby Hole) ; St. Thomas (Santa Maria Gut). 476. C. glabrum, Jacq. Fl. Sept.-Dec. and March-July. In woods and thickets, common. — All islands. 477. Sapota Achras, Mill. (v. Mespel). Fl. Sept.-Oct. and March. Fruit sweet, edible. In forests and culti- vated, common. — All islands. G8 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 473. S. Sideroxylcn, Gris. (v. Bully wood). Not seen in flower. A tall tree, affording a splendid purple, very Lard timber. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (Baas Gut). 479. Sideroxylon Mastichodendron, Jacq. (v. Mastic). Fl. Aug.-Sept. An excellent timber tree. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Lebanon Hill) ; St. Thomas (Northside Bay) ; St. Jan (Baas Gut) (Montserrat, Eyan in Hb. Havn.). 480. Dipholis salicifolia, DC. Fl. Feb.-March. In thickets and forests. — St. Croix (not uncommon in the western part of the island) 5 St. Jan (Klein Caneel Bay). 481. Bumelia cuneata, Sw. (v. Break-bill). Fl. Feb.-April. Branches often transformed into long spines. Very good timber tree. Along the coast principally in marshy soil, not un- common.— All islands. 482. Lucuma multiflora, DC. {Acliras macrophylla, Valil in Hb. Havn.). Fl. June-July and Dec-Jan. Leaves as much as \\' long. — St. Croix (Hb. Havn. from Wills Bay) ; St. Thomas (here and there in forests ; Signal Hill, 1500'). stybacej:. 483. Symplocos martinicensis, Jacq. Fl. March-Aug. In forests on high hills. Flowers fragrant. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill above 1200', not uncommon). EBErVACE^E. 484. Maccreightia caribaea, A. DC. Vieques (Duchassaing sec. Gris. System. Unters. p. 91). OEEACEiE. 485. Linociera compacta, R. Br. Fl. May-Oct. In forests, rather common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 486. Forestiera porulosa, Poir. a) and /?) Jacquinii, Egg. (Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 625). Fl. Feb. and Sept.-Oct. In thickets near the coast, uncommon. — a) St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill) ; P) St. Croix (northern shore near Claremont). JASITIINACE^. 487. Jasmimim pubescens, W. (v. Star Jessamine). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands. [Cultivated species: J. officinale, L.; J. rcvolutum, L. (v. Nepaul Jes- samine), and Nyctanthes Sambac, L. (v. Double Jessamine).] FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 69 APOCYMCEJE. 483. Thevetia neriifolia, Juss. (v. Milk-bush). Fl. all the year round. Wood employed for building boats. In thick- ets on dry hills, common. — All islands. 489. Rauwolfia nitida, L. (v. Milk-tree). Fl. all the year round. In forests and thickets, common. — All islands. 490. R. Lamarckii, A. DC. (v. Bitter-bush). Fl. all the year round. On dry hills, common. — All islands. 491. Nerium Oleander, L. (v. Neriura). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. Common. — All islands. 492. Taberneemontana (citrifolia, Jacq. ?). Fl. June-Aug. In thickets, here and there. — St. Thomas (French- man's Bay). 493. Vinca rosea, L. (v. Church-flower). Fl. all the year round. Near houses and on waste places, very com- mon.— All islands. 494. Plumieria rubra, L. (v. Red Franchipani). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized near dwellings. — All islands. 495. P. obtusifolia, L. (v. White Franchipani). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands. 496. P. alba, L. (v. Snake-root, Klang hout). Fl. all the year round. On rocks near the shore and in dry thickets, common. — All islands. 497. Echites agglutinata, Jacq. Fl. July-Aug. In thickets, rare. — St. Croix (Cane Bay) ; St. Thomas (Flag Hill). 498. E. circinalis, Sw. Fl. Dec. In forests, rare. — St.Thomas (Flag Hill). 499. E. neriandra, Gris. Fl. Oct.-Jan. Here and there in thickets, not uncommon. — All islands. 500. E. suberecta, Jacq. Fl. May- Aug. In thickets, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill) ; St. Croix (West, p. 277). 70 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 501. E. barbata, Desv. St. Croix ; St. Thomas (DC. Proclr. viii, 453). [Cultivated species : Allamanda cathartica, L., and Taberii(emontana capensis, L. (v. Cape Jessamine).] ASCLEPIABACEJE. 502. Metastelma parviflorum, R. Br. St. Thomas (Duchass). 503. M. Schlechtendalii, Decs. {M. alliflorum, Gris.). Fl. all the year round. In dry thickets, very common. — All islands. (The specific distinction of Grisebach's species does not seem to be sufficiently permanent to justify a separation into two.) 504. Asclepias curassavica, L. (v. Wild Ipecacuana). Fl. all the year round. Eoot used as an emetic. Along roads and ditches, common. — All islands. 505. A. nivea, L. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 419). 506. Sarcostemma Brownei, Mey. St. Thomas (West, p. 278, as Asclepias viminalis, Sw.). 507. Calotropis procera, R. Br. (v. Silk Cattun). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in dry localities, common. — All islands. 508. Ibatia muricata, Gris. Fl. all the year round. In dry thickets, common. — All islands. 509. Fischeria scandens, DC. Fl. Aug. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Spring-gut). [Cultivated species; Hoy a camosa, E. Br. (v. Wax-flower) and Ste- phanotis Jioribunda, A. Brongn.] C©IVV©L,V1II,ACE,E. 510. Ipomaea bona-nox, L. Fl. Oct.-May. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 511. I. Tuba, Don. Fl. all the year round. On shrubs near the coast, uncommon. — All islands. FLORA OF ST. CEOIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 71 512. I. tuberosa, L. Fl. Feb.-March. In forests, rare, — St. Croix (Bugby Hole) ; St. Thomas (SchL). 513. I. dissecta, Pursli (v. Noyau Vine). Fl. ISov.-May. Corolla-tube purple inside. The whole plant has a taste of prussic acid, and is used for the preparation of a liquor called Noyau. On fences and along roads, common. — All islands. 514. I. pentaphylla, Jacq. Fl. Dec-March. In thickets and along ditches. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 515. I. quinquefolia, Gris. Fl. Dec-Jan. Corolla expanded from 8 A. M. to 3 P. M. In pastures and low thickets, common. — St. Thomas. 516. 1. Batatas, Lam. (v. Sweet Potato), a), (3) leucorrhiza, and y) porphyrorhiza. Fl. all the year round. Propagated by cuttings. . A common vege- table. Cultivated and naturalized everywhere. — All islands. 517. I. fastigiata, Swt. a). Fl. Oct.- Jan. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Thomas. 518. I. violacea, L. (v. Granni Vine). Fl. Dec-Feb. Coralla expanded towards evening. In forests and along rivulets, not uncommon. — All islands. 519. I. carnea, Jacq. St. Croix (Wills Bay sec. West, p. 272). 520. I. leucantha, Jacq. (Icon.Ear. ii, t. 318). Fl. March-May. Capsule pilose; roots tuberous. On dry hills, not uncommon. — St. Jan (near Klein Kanelbay). 521. I. triloba, L. a) and /3) Eustachiana, Jacq. Fl. Sept.-March. Corolla expanded till 10 A. M. Both forms in moist localities, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 522. I. umbellata, Mey. FL Jan.-March. Along rivulets and ditches,- common. — All islands. 523. I. pes-caprae, Sw. (v. Bay Vine). Fl. all the year round. Corolla sometimes white. On sandy sea- shores, very common. — All islands. 72 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 524. I. asarifolia, R. S. Danish islands (Gris. Fl. p. 471). (As this species is a native of Senegal, I doubt the correctness of the above habitat.) 525. I. quinquepartita, R. S. (Conv. ovalifolius, West (non Valil) sec. DC. Prodr. is, 367). St. Croix (West, p. 271). 52G. I. triquetra, R. S. {Conv. triqueter, Vahl, Symb. Bot. iii, 32). St. Croix (West, p. 271); St. Thomas (Schl.). 527. I. repanda, Jacq. Fl. Feb.-March. Leaves heteromorphous, often 2-4-lobed. Tubers large, a favourite food for wild hogs. In forests, unconinion. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill); St. Jan (Macumbi). 523. I. filiformis, Jacq. Fl. Oct.-April. In thickets, often near the shore, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 529. I. arenaria, Steud. Fl. Dec-April. Stem woody, as much as \" diam. Eoot large, tuberous. Flowering partly precocious. On dry hills, in thickets, not uncommon. — All islands. 530. I. Quamoclit, L. (v. Sweet William). Fl. all the year round. Near dwellings and along roads, common. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 531. T. coccinea, L. (I. hederwfolia, L.). Fl. Dec-March. In thickets, common. — All islands. 532. I. Nil, Rth. (Bot. Mag. t. 188) (v. Morning-glory). Fl. Oct.-March. Corolla expanded till 9 A. M. Along ditches and near dwellings, common. — All islands. 533. I. purpurea, Lain. Fl. Oct -Feb. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 534. I. acuminata, R. S. Fl. Nov.-March. Corolla crimson, as stated in Symb. Bot. iii, 26. Near rivulets, on trees, rare. — St. Croix (Golden Rock). 535. I. tiliacea, Chois. St. Thomas (Schl.). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 73 536. Jacquemontia tamnifolia, Gris. Fl. Dec.-Feb. Seeds glabrous, greyish. In thickets, common. — All islands. 537. Convolvulus pentanthus, Jacq. (Jacquemontia violacea, Chois.). Fl. Aug.-Dec In thickets, on hills, common. — All islands. 538. C. jamaicensis, Jacq. Fl. Dec.-Feb. In thickets, on the sandy seashore, rare. — St. Croix (Sandy Point) 5 St. Thomas (CowelFs); Water Island. 539. C. nodiflorus, Desr. (C alUflorus, West) (v. Clashi-mulat). Fl. Oct.-March. Common in thickets. — All islands. 540. C. melanostictus, Schl. (Linnsea, vi, 737). St. Thomas (Schl.). 541. C. sagittifer, HB. Kth. St. Thomas (Schl.). 542. Evolvulus linifolius, L. Fl. Dec-April. In moist localities, here and there. — All islands. 543. E. mucronatus, Sw. Fl. Dec-March. In marshy soil, not uncommon. — All islands. 544. E. nummularius, L. Fl. Nov.-March. Among rocks in shady localities, not uncommon. — All islands. 545. Cuscuta americana, L. (v. Love-weed). Fl. all the year round. In dry thickets, covering shrubs and trees, often killing them. Very common. — All islands. (West, p. 271, mentions two species, Convolvulus matutlnus and C.vene- natus, as occurring in St. Croix, and refers for their description to Yahl's Symb. Bot. pars 3, as spec. nov. As, however, they are not described in any of Vahl's publications, and no specimens are in existence in Hb. Havn., I am unable to say whether they are old species or new ones.) [Cultivated species : Ipomcea Learii, Annal. Fl. et Pom. 1840, p. 381, and I. Horsfallicv, Hook.] HYDBOLEACE^;, 546. Nama jamaicensis, L. « Fl. March- Aug. Among stones and rocks, a common weed. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 74 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. BORAGOfACEiE. 547. Cordia Gerascanthus, Jacq. (3) subcanescens (v. Rosewood, Cuppar). Fl. Oct. An excellent timber tree. In forests, not very common. — Virgin Island. 543. C. alba, R. S. (v. White Manjack). Fl. March-Sept. In thickets and along roads, not uncommon. — St. Croix (eastern part of the island). 549. C. Sebestena, Jacq. u) (Bot. Mag. t. 794). (3) rubra, Egg. (v. Scarlet Cordia, Fluyte boom). Fl. all the year round. P) leaf-ribs red; calyx scarlet as the corolla. Both forms common in forests and planted near dwellings. — All islands. 550. C. Collococca, L. (v. Manjack). Fl. March-April. Precocious. In forests, common. — All islands. 551. C. nitida, Vahl. Fl. Jan.-Feb. and Sept.-Oct. Flowers slightly odorous. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands. 552. C. laevigata, Lam. St. Thomas (Schl.). 553. C. sulcata, DC. Fl. June. Leaves up to 1£' long. In forests, not common. — Virgin Islands ; St. Croix (West, p. 275). 554. C. ulmifolia. Juss. o) ovata, (3) ovalis, and y) lineata. Fl. May-Aug. In dry thickets, common.— a) all islands ; /?) St. Thomas (Ledru) ; r) St. Croix (West). 555. C. cylindristachya, Sprcngl. a) portoricensis, Sprgl. j3) floribunda, Sprgl. 6) graveolens, Kth. Fl. all the year round. On dry hills. All three forms common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 556. C. martinicensis, R. S. St. Croix (Griseb. Fl. p. 481). 557. C. globosa, Kth. Fl. July-Sept. In thickets, not uncommon.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. 558. Beurreria succulenta, Jacq. (v. Juniper). Fl. June-Sept. In forests and thickets, common. — All islands. 559. Rochefortia acanthophora, Gris. Fl. June-Sept. In thickets. — St. Croix (rare, Fair Plain, Jacob's Peak) ; Virgin Islands (not uucommon). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 75 560. Tournefortia gnaphalodes, R.Br. (v. Sea-lavender). Fl. all the year round. On sandy shores, common. — All islands. 561. T. hirsutissima, L. (v. Chichery grape). Fl. Sept.-April. Along roads and in thickets, especially on lime- stone, common. — All islands. 562. T. fcetidissima, L. St. Croix (West, p. 270). 563. T. bicolor, Sw. /?) laevigata, Lam. Fl. May. Berry globose, white. Among rocks on high hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Crown, 1500'). 564. T. laurifolia, Vent. St. Thomas (DC). 565. T. volubilis, L. Fl. May-Aug. Inflorescence extra-axillary, often transformed into a hollow, globose, muricate, green monstrosity, in which lives the larva of a dipterous insect. Common in thickets. — All islands. 566. T. microphylla, Desv. Fl. May-Sept. In the same localities as the former, common. — All islands. 567. Heliotropium indicum, L. Fl. all the year round. Along roads and in waste places, common. — All islands. 568. H. parviflorum, L. (v. Eye-bright). Fl. all the year round. A common weed' everywhere. — All islands. 569. H. curassavicum, L. Fl. the whole year. On the sandy seashore, common. — All islands. 570. H. fruticosum, L. Fl. all the year round. Up to 6' high. On dry hills. — St. Croix (com- mon in the eastern part); Virgin Islands (not uncommon). [Cultivated species: H. peruvianum, L. (v. Heliotrope.)] POLEMONIACE.E. [Cultivated in gardens : Phlox Drwnmondii, Hook.] SOLArYACEJE. 571. Brunfelsia americana, Sw. a) and 3) pubescens (v. Rain-tree). Fl. May-Dec. Flowers odorous before rain. In thickets and woods, common. — Virgin Islands (cultivated in gardens in St. Croix). 76 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 572. Datura Metel, L. (v. Fire- weed). Fl. all the year round. Flowers nocturnal. Along roads and in waste places, naturalized everywhere. — All islands. 573. D. fastuosa, L. Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — All islands. 574. D. Tatula, L. Fl. May-Dec. Along roads, naturalized, hut rare. — St. Croix (Hope). 575. D. Stramonium, L. (v. Fire-weed). Fl. Sept.-Feb. Naturalized in waste places, common. — All islands. 576. Nicotiana Tabacum, L. Fl. May-No v. Used as a medicine, but not for smoking. Naturalized near dwellings. — All islands. 577. Physalis peruviana, L. Fl. May-Nov. In fields, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Eapoon). 578. P. pubescens, L. Fl. March-May. In shady valleys, uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis) ; St. Thomas. 579. P. Linkiana, Ns. Fl. Dec. In cultivated fields, not uncommon. — St. Thomas. 580. P. angulata, L. Fl. Sept.-Jan. Stamens of unequal length ; anthers successively de- hiscent. Along roads and ditches, common. — All islands. 581. Capsicum dulce, Hort. (DC. Prodr. xiii, i, 428) (v. Sweet Pepper). Fl. March-July. Berry oblong. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 582. C. frutescens, L. (v. Bird Pepper). Fl. Aug.-Dec. Used as a condiment. Here and there in forests and cultivated. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 583. C. baccatum, L. (v. Small Pepper). Fl. Aug.-Jan. In forests and near dwellings, not uncommon. — All islands. 584. C. annuum, L. (v. Pepper). Fl. all the year round. Fruit universally used as a condiment. Cul- tivated and naturalized everywhere. — All islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 77 585. Lycopersicum cerasiforme, Dun. (Solan, p. 113) (v. Small Trovo). Fl. May-Sept. Berry globose, small, yellow. Not uncommon near dwellings (perhaps only naturalized). Used as a vegetable. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 536. L. esculentum, Mill. (v. Tomato, Trovo). Fl. all the year round. Berry used as a vegetable. Cultivated and naturalized everywhere. — All islands. 587. Solanum nodiflorum, Jacq. a) and (3) oleraceum, Dun. (v. Lumbusb). Fl. May-Dec. Stem often prickly. In fields and in waste places, com- mon.— All islands. 588. S. verbascifolium, L. (v. Turkey-berry). Fl. June-Oct. In waste places, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands; St. Croix (West, p. 274). 589. S. racemosum, L. (v. Canker-berry). Fl. all the year round. Proterandrous. In waste places, very com- mon.— All islands. 590. S. igneum, L. (v. Canker-berry). Fl. all the year round. Habitat of the preceding. Very common. — All islands. 591. S. bahamense, L. (8. persicaefoUum, Dun.) Fl. Jan.-Aug. Along coasts, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands. 592. S. lanceifolium, Jacq. Not seen flowering. Leaves and stem very prickly. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (King's Hill, 1000'). 593. S. torvum, Sw. (v. Plate-busb). Fl. all the year round. A shrub or small tree. Iu forests and near dwellings, common. — All islands. 594. S. inclusum, Gris., var. albiflorum, Egg. - A* :U>t>tM> Fl. all the year round. Corolla white, f"-l" diam. Stigma 3-5- branched, stellate. Berry globose, somewhat depressed, hirsute* orange- coloured, 1" diam. The excrescent calyx prickly. In dry thickets, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands. 595. S. aculeatissimum, Jacq. Fl. April-May. Naturalized by mules from Montevideo. — St. Croix (Frederiksted). 596. S. mammosum, L. St. Croix (West, p. 275). 78 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 597. S. polygamum, Vulil (v. Kakkerlakka-berry). Fl. all the year round. In dry thickets, common.— Virgin Islands. (In DO. Prodr. xiii, i, 197, it is stated that this species has been found in St. Croix by Wydler, which, however, appears doubtful to me. West, p. 275, only gives St. Jan as habitat, yet Vahl in his Symb. Bot. iii, 39, and after him probably Griseb. Fl. p. 443, refer to West as the authority for St. Croix as habitat.) 598. Cestrum laurifolium, L'Her. Fl. Jan.- April. Petiole black ; berry dark purple. ■ In forests, not uncommon. — All islands. 599. C. diurnum, L. Fl. Feb.-June. In forests, uncommon. — Virgin Islands; St. Croix (West, p. 276). 600. C. nocturnum, L. Fl. March. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (Eogiers, Joshee Gut). [Cultivated species: Datura suaveolens, HBK.; Petunia nyctagini flora, Juss., and P. vioJacea, Liudl.; Solanum Seaforthianum, Andr., S. tubero- sum, L. (v. Irish potato), and S. Melongena, L. (v. Egg-plant, Beranger).] §CBOPHULABIACEiE. 601. Scoparia dulcis, L. Fl. all the year round. A common weed along roads and in moist localities. — All islands. 602. Capraria biflora, L. a) and /3) pilosa (v. Goat-weed). Fl. all the year round. Leaves used for tea. Both forms along roads, common, a) in moist, /3) in dry localities. — All islands. 603. Herpestis stricta, Sclirad. St. Thomas (Benth.). 604. H. chamaedryoides, Ktli. Fl. Dec-March. Pedicel bearing two bracteolse at the base. The two innermost calyx-lobes setaceous. In moist localities, rare. — St. Croix (Spring-gut). 605. H. Monniera, Kth. Fl. all the year round. Along rivulets and on the margins of lagoons, common. — All islands. 606. Vandellia diffusa, L. St. Croix (Eyan in Hb. Havn., Vahl's Eclogue, ii, 47) (Montserrat, Eyan in Hb. Havn., "vulgaris"). FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 79 [Cultivated species: Maurandia Barclay ana, Lindl. (v. Fairy Ivy), and Russeliajunceci) Zucc. (v. Madeira Plant).] 607. Cresceutia Cujete, L. (v. Calabash-tree). Fl. all the year round. Leaves deciduous in Dec. The fruit is used for vessels. "Near dwellings and in forests, common. — All islands. 608. C. cucurbitina, L. (v. Black Calabash). Fl. March-ISTov. Wood used for boat-building. In dense forests near rivulets, not uncommon. — All islands. 609. Catalpa longisiliqua, Cham. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 446). 610. Tecoma Berterii, DC. Fl. March-July. Leaves deciduous Feb.-April. In dry thickets, common. — Virgin Islands. 611. T. leucoxylon, Mart. (v. White Cedar). Fl. March-April, precocious, and later coetanous in Sept.-Oct. Wood used for building boats. In forests and on dry hills, common. — All islands. 612. T. stans, Juss. (v. Yellow Cedar). Fl. all the year round. Anthers pilose beneath. In thickets, com- mon j often gregarious, especially in St. Croix. — All islands. 613. Bignonia aequinoctialis, L. Fl. April-Sept. Anthers pilose or glabrous (hence Vahl's distinction on this account between his B. spectabUis (Symb. Bot. iii, p. 80) and this species not justified). Here and there in marshy forests. — St. Thomas (Xorthside Bay, Sta. Maria); St. Croix (Salomon's estate, West, p. 294). 614. B. unguis, L. (v. Cat-claw). Fl. April-May, precocious, later again coetanous in Nov. Stem \\" diam., showing the irregular structure peculiar to all climbing Bignoni- acece. Fruit as much as 26" long. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands. 615. Distictis lactiflora, DC. (Prodr. ix, 191) (Bignonia, Vahl). Fl. all the year round. On fences and in dry thickets, here and there.— St. Croix (Cotton Grove, Southgate Farm) (cultivated in St. Thomas). * [Cultivated species : Tecoma capensis, Lindl.] 80 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. ACANTMACEiE. 616. Ruellia tuberosa, L. (v. Christmas-pride). Fl. all the year round ; most abundantly towards Christmas. Along roads and ditches, common. — All islands. 617. R. strepens, L. St. Croix (Isert sec. DC. Prodr. xi, 121). 618. Stemonacanthus coccineus, Gris. Fl. Jan.- April. Cleistogamous flowers in July ; also an intermediate form between cleistogamous and normal flowers. In shady forests, rare. — St. Croix (Caledonia, Wills Bay) 5 St. Jan (Bordeaux Hills); St. Thomas (Wydl. sec. DC. Prodr. xi, 217). 619. Blechnum Brownei, Jnss. (v. Penguin Balsam). Fl. Dec- April. Used against cough. In pastures and along ditches, common. — All islands. 620. Barleria lupulina, Lindl. (Bot. Reg. t. 1483). Fl. Dec-April. Naturalized near dwellings and in gardens. — St. Thomas; St. Jan. 621. Thyrsacanthus nitidus, Ns. St. Croix (v. Bohr sec. Symb. Bot. ii, 5, and Isert sec. DC. Prodr. xi, 327); St. Thomas (Nees). 622. Dianthera pectoralis, Murr. (v. Garden Balsam). Fl. Dec-March. Used against coughs. Naturalized near dwellings and in gardens. — All islands. 6"?3. D. sessilis, Gris. (Justicia pauciflora, Vahl in Eclog. Am. i, 2). Fl. June-July. Flowers often cleistogamous. Bhizome perennial. In thickets, here and there. — St. Croix (Salt Biver); St. Thomas. 624. Justicia carthagenensis, Jacq. Fl. Dec-March. Along ditches and in forests. — All islands. 625. J. reflexiflora, Rich. (Valil's Ennm. Plant, i, 157), var. glandulosa, Egg. Fl. all the year round. Bracts densely glanduliferous. Seeds glo- bose, brown. Procumbent among bushes.— St. Croix (rare, Fair Plain); St. Thomas; Buck Island (not uncommon). 626. J. periplocaefolia, Jacq. St. Thomas (Schl.). fr^l. Beloperone nemorosa, Nees. Fl. Jan.-March. Calyx one-sixth of the length of the corolla. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Caledonia, Ham's Bluff Valley). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 81 628. Crossandra infundibuliformis, Nees. Fl. March-June. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix. 629. Stenandrium rupestre, Ns. (DC. Prodr. xi, 283) (Rwllia ?, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 1071 ; Plum. Icon. ed. Biirm. t. 75, as Gerardia). c) glabrous, /?) pilose. Fl. Dec-May, cleistogamous. Normal flowers June-Aug. Corolla expanded till 9 A. M. Rhizome perennial; roots fusiform, tuberous. Gregarious on the ground in forests, rare. — a) St. Thomas (Flag Hill, 700'-900') ; fi) St. Jan (Baas Gut). 630. Anthacanthus spinosus, Nees. Fl. all the year round. Flowers heterostylous. On rocks and in for- ests, common, especially in St. Croix. — All islands. 631. A. jamaicensis, Gris. Fl. June-July. Corolla-lobes glandular inside. On limestone, rare. — St. Croix, in stony ground. 632. A. microphyllus, Ns. Fl. May-Aug. In forests, here and there. — All islands. 633. Dicliptera adsurgens, Juss. Fl. Jan.-Feb., cleistogamous; normal, March-April. In thickets and near ditches. — St. Croix (common) ; St. Jan (less common). 634. Thunbergia volubilis, Pers. Fl. all the year round. Naturalized along ditches and rivulets. — St. Croix (Caledonia, Mt. Stewart); St. Thomas (Tutu). [Cultivated species: Graptophyllum Jwrtense, Nees, Justicia bicolot?y Andr., Thunbergia alata, Boj., Th.fragra?is, Boxb., and Sesamum orien- tale, L. (v. Benye).] GESNERIACEiE. 635. Martynia diandra, Glox. (v. Cocks). Fl. Sept.-Dec. Three rudimentary filaments; l'-3' high. Along roads and in waste places, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. EABSAT^). 636. Ocimum Basilicum, L. Fl. May-Aug. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands. 637. O. micranthum, "W. (v. Passia Balsam). Fl. Aug.-Nov. Corolla expanded during the morning. Used against coughs. Along ditches and in pastures, gregarious. — All islands. 638. Coleus amboinicus, L. (v. East India Thyme). Fl. April-May. Naturalized in dry localities, gregarious. — All islands. Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 6 82 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 639. Hyptis capitata, Jacq. (v. Wild Hops). Fl. Nov.-March. Along rivulets, common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 64-0. H. suaveolens, Poit. Fl. Oct.-Feb. 3'— 4' liigli. In dry localities, common. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 641. H. pectinata, Poit. (v. French Tea). Fl. Nov.-April. As much as 8' high. In dry localities, not uncom- mon.— All islands. 642. H. verticillata, Jacq. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 489). 643. Salvia occidentalis, Sw. Fl. Dec-March. Ehizome thick. Along roads, common. — All islands. 644. S. tenella, Sw. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 490; Schl.). 645. S. serotina, L. Fl. Sept.-April. Leaves very bitter. Corolla white. In dry locali- ties, gregarious, common. — All islands. 646. S. coccinea, L. a) and /?) ciliata, Benth. Fl. all the year round. Along ditches and roads, common. — All islands. 647. Leonurus sibiricus, L. Fl. all the year round. Corolla sometimes white. A common weed in fields and along roads. — All islands. 648. Leucas martinicensis, R. Br. Fl. March-Nov. A weed, common in gardens and along roads. — St. Croix. 649. Leonotis nepetaefolia, R. Br. (v. Hollow Stock). Fl. all the year round. Corolla sometimes white. Gregarious, a very common weed everywhere. — All islands. 650. Mentha aquatica, L. (v. Mint). Not seen flowering. Naturalized along rivulets, gregarious. — St. Croix (Caledonia). [Cultivated species: Rosmarinus officinalis, L. (v. Kosemary), Thymus vulgaris, L. (v. Thyme), and Origanum Majorana, L. (v. Sweet Marjoram Tea).J FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 83 VERBEMCE^:. 651. Priva echinata, Juss. Fl. all the year round. Corolla expanded till 10 A. M. A common weed along roads and in gardens. — All islands. 652. Bouchea Ehrenbergii, Cham. Fl. Dec-May. Gregarious along roads and in dry localities, com- mon.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 653. Stachytarpha jamaicensis, V. (v. Vervain). Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded till noon. Pollen 3-4- branched, stellate. Leaves used against fever. Very common along roads and ditches. — All islands. 654. S. strigosa, Vahl. St. Thomas (Ehrenb. sec. DC. Prodr. xi, 5G4 ; Gris. Fl. p. 494). 655. Lippia nodiflora. Rich. Fl. all the year round. Gregarious in moist localities, not uncom- mon.— St. Croix (La Peine, Fair Plain). 656. Lantana Camara, L. (v. Sage). Fl. all the year round. Berry considered to be poisonous. On dry hills, very common. — All islands. 657. L. polyacantha, Schauer (DC. Prodi-, xi, 597) (L. scabrida, Ait.). Fl. all the year round. In dry localities, here and there. — St. Croix (St. George) ; St. Thomas (Solberg). 658. L. involucrata, L. Fl. all the year round. Corolla and berry violet. In thickets, com- mon, especially on limestone. — All islands. 659. L. reticulata, Pers. Fl. all the year round. On limestone, rare. — St. Croix, in stony ground (King's Hill). 660. Citharexylum quadrangulare, Jacq. (v. Fiddlewood, Susanna). Fl. July-Sept. In forests, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 661. C. cinereum, L. (v. Susanna). Fl. July-Dec. Leaves of both these species becoming red in Feb., and dropping off at the same time that the new ones make their appear- ance. On young radical shoots the leaves are linear and deeply serrate. The wood is quite useless, even for firewood. In dry thickets and for- ests, common, often gregarious. — All islands. 84 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 662. C. villosum, Jacq. (Icon. Yar. t. 118). St. Thomas (Schlecht., Bertero, Duchass. sec. Gris. Syst. Unt.). 663. Duranta Plumieri, Jacq. Fl. May-Dec. Along* roads and in thickets, common. — All islands. 664. Callicarpa reticulata, Sw. St, Croix (West, p. 269). 665. .ZEgiphila martinicensis, Jacq. Fl. Aug.-Jan. Flowers often heterostylous. In forests, common. — St. Croix. 666. Clerodendron aculeatum, L. (v. Chuc-chuc). Fl. all the year round. Common on dry hills and in marshy soil. — All islands. 667. C. fragrans, W. Fl. all the year round. Long creeping rhizome. Gregarious on high hills in shady places, naturalized. — St. Thomas (Dorothea, Liliendal). 668. Petitia domingensis, Jacq. a). Fl. May-Sept. Leaves often ternate. Drupe commonly 4-loculate. A tree up to 50' high. In forests, not uncommon. — St, Croix (Caledo- nia, Punch, Wills Bay). 669. Vitex divarfcata, Sw. Fl. May-July. Filaments glandular-pilose. A low tree, here and there in forests.— St. Croix (Caledonia, Wills Bay) ; St. Thomas (Crown) ; St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay). 670. Avicennia nitida, Jacq. Fl. all the year round. Upper surface of leaves always covered with small salt crystals. Along the seashore and lagoons, common. — All islands. 671. A. tomentosa, Jacq. St. Croix (West, p. 209) ; St. Thomas (Schl.). [Cultivated species: Verbena chamccdrifolia, Juss., in several varie- ties, Petrcea voluMMs, Jacq. (v. Wreath-plant), Aloysia citriodora, Ortega (v. Lemon-scented Verbena), Yitex Agjius-castus, L. (v. Wild Black Pep- per), and Holmslxjoldia sanguinea, Eetz.] M10P6RACE7E. 672. Bontia daphnoides, L. (v. White Ailing). Fl. all the year round. On sandy shores. — St. Croix (rare, .Turner's Hole) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon). FLORA. OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLAI^DS. 85 FLANTAGmACE^;. 673. Flantago major, L. /?) tropica (v. English Plantain). Fl. Jan.-March. Proterogynous. Leaves used against inflammation of the eyes. PLUMBAGINACEJE. 674. Plumbago scandens, Thunb. (v. Blister-leaf). Fl. all the year round. Leaves used as blisters. In thickets and forests, common. — All islands. [Cultivated species: P. capensis, Thunb.] PH¥TOLACCACEJE. 675. Suriana maritima, L. Fl. June-Dec. Stamens mostly 10. Filaments pilose. On sandy shores, not uncommon. — All islands. 676. Microtea debilis, Sw. Fl. July-Sept. In shady places, rare. — St. Croix (Spring Garden, Wills Bay). 677. Rivina laevis, L. (v. Snake-bush, Stark inahart). a) and /3) pubescens. Fl. all the year round. A common weed everywhere, both forms. — All islands. 678. R. octandra, L. Fl. Feb.-Aug. Pedicel and calyx becoming reddish-brown as well as the fruit. Stamens in two whorls, mostly 12. In thickets and forests, common. — All islands. 679. Fetiveria alliacea, L. (v. Gully-root). Fl. all the year round. A very common weed everywhere. — All islands. CMENOPODIACE^l. 680. Chenopodium ambrosioides, L. , Fl. March. In waste places and on walls, here and there. — St. Croix (Fredriksted) ; St. Jan (Cruz Bay). 681. Ch. murale, L. Fl. Jan.-May. On walls, uncommon, naturalized. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. * 682. Obione cristata, Moq. (DC. Prodr. xiii, ii, p. 110). Fl. March- Aug. On sandy shores, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Water Bay); St. Jan; St. Croix (Schl.). 86 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 683. Boussingaultia baselloides, Ktli. (Bot. Mag. t. 3G20). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens and cultivated. — St. Croix 5 St. Thomas. 684. Batis maritima, L. Fl. all the year round. Gregarious along the coast of lagoons, com- mon.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas. [Cultivated species : Beta vulgaris, L. (v. Eed Beet).] AMARAMTACE^E. 685. Celosia argentea, L. (C. margaritacea, L.). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized around dwellings. — St. Thomas ; St. Croix (West, p. 277). 686. C. nitida, Vahl. Fl. all the year round. In forests and thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix j St. Thomas. 687. Chamissoa altissima, Kth. Fl. Dec-March. In forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Lebanon Hill) ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 683. Achyranthes aspera, L. a) argentea, Lam. 8) obtusifolia, Lam. Fl. Dec-March. In thickets and on waste places, common. — All islands. 689. Gomphrena globosa, L. (v. Bachelor's Button). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — All islands. 690. Iresine elatior, Rich. Fl. Sept.-March. Uppermost leaves always alternate. In thickets, common. — All islands. 691. Philoxerus vermiculatus, R. Br. (v. Bay-flower). Fl. all the year round. Along the coast, very common, gregarious. — All islands. 692. Alternanthera polygonoides, R. Br. a). Fl. all the year round. In sandy places, common. — All islands. 693. A. ficoidea, R. Br. Fl. all the year roupd. In moist localities, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Haulover). 694. A. Achyrantha, R. Br. Fl. March- Aug. Among rocks and stones, here and there. — St. Croix, St. Thomas (ScliL). FLOKA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 87 695. Amblogyne polygonoides. Raf. Fl. all the year round: $ flowers very few. In sandy places near the coast, common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 696. Scleropus amarantoides, Schrad. Fl. all the year round. Leaves often discoloured with white cross- stripes. In sandy localities, common.— All islands. 697. Euxolus caudatus, Moq. Fl. all the year round. In waste places, common. — All islands. 698. E. oleraceus, Moq. (v. Limibo). Fl. all the year round. Near dwellings, common. — All islands. 699. Amarantus spinosus, L. Fl. Jan.- April. Near rivulets and ditches, uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 700. A. tristis, L. St. Thomas (Wydler sec. DC. Prodr. xiii, ii, 260). 701. A. paniculatus, L. (v. Bower). Fl. all the year round. A troublesome weed on account of its long tap-root. Common everywhere. — All islands. NYCTAGIMCEJ!. 702. Mirabilis Jalapa, L. (v. Four-o'clock). Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded from 4 P. M., purple, yellow, or pink. Around dwellings, common. — All islands. 703. Boerhaavia erecta, L. Fl. Dec.-Feb. Along ditches and in pastures, uncommon. — St. Croix (Mt. Stewart). 704. B. paniculata, Rich. (v. Batta-batta). Fl. all the year round. Calyx often transformed into a hollow mon- strosity by the larva of a wasp. A very common weed. — All islands. 705. Pisonia aculeata, L. Fl. Feb.-April. In forests, common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 706. P. subcordata, Sw. (v. Mainpoo, Loblolly). Fl. April-June. Leaves partly deciduous. Wood useless for timber and fuel. Along coasts, common, growing to a large tree. — All islands. 707. P. iuermis, Jacq. Fl. April-May. Leaves on the young branches whorled. In forests, common. — All islands. [Cultivated species: Bougainvillea spectabilis, Willd.] 83 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. POI/S7 GOM ACE jE . 708. Ccccoloba uvifera, Jacq. (v. Sea-grape). Fl. July-Dec. Wood hard, dark purple, used for ship-building. On the sandy seashore, common. Sometimes in the interior as high up as 1200'.— All islands. 709. C. leoganensis, Jacq. Fl. May-July. Flowers in fascicles of 3-4, of which, however, one only bears fruit. Drupe oval, violet, M" long. On sandy shores, rare. — St. Croix (Sandy Point). 710. C. rugosa, Desf. (DC. Prodr. xiv, 152; Bot. Mag. t. 4536). St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. 1. cX 711. C. laurifolia, Jacq. (Hort. Schcenbr. iii, p. 9, t. 267). Fl. March-July. Leaves deciduous April to May. Fruit purplish, pointed at both ends. In thickets, here and there. — St. Croix (Sandy Point, Hard Labour). 712. C. diversifolia, Jacq. Fl. May-July. G'-8' high. Along the coast, uncommon. — St. Croix (La Vallee, Claremont). 713. C. obtusifolia, Jacq. St. Croix (West, p. 281). 714. C. punctata, Jacq. «) Jacquinii, ,3) barbadensis, Jacq., 6) parvifolia (v. Red wood, Roeliout), y) microstachya, W. Fl. Aug.-Dec. a) leaves as much as 1%' long. A shrub or low tree. S) and y) common ; a) and P) uncommon. — All islands. 715. C. nivea, Jacq. Fl. June-Sept. Flowers delicately odorous. Fruit white when ripe. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands. (C. Klotzsckiana, Meissn., and C. Kunthiana, Meissn. (DC. Prodr. xiv, 155 and 1G6), are said to have been found in St. Thomas, but they are both very doubtful species, founded on single specimens, and have therefore been here omitted.) [Cultivated species: Antigonon cor datum, Mart. & Galeotti (v. Mexican Wreath -plant), and Rumex vesicarius, L.] LAUBACEJE. 716. Cinnamomum zeilanicum, Bl. Fl. April-May. Naturalized in a few places in shady valleys. — St. Croix (Crequis). FLORA OF ST CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 89 717. Phcebe antillana, Meissn. (DC. Prodr. xt, i, p. 31). 7) cubensis. St. Croix (West in Hb. Petrop. sec. DC. 1. c.). (Ph. montana, Gris., said by Meissn. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. p. 236) to be synonymous with Laurus longifolia, Vahl, mentioned by West, p. 2£2, as a new species from St. Croix, ought perhaps to be added to this list ; but as the specimens seen by me in Hb. Havn. as Laurus longifolia, Vahl, do not agree with Grisebach's, I prefer to omit the species here, as being doubtful.) 718. Persea gratissima, Gaertn. (v. Alligator Pear). PI. March-May. Stamens, 9 perfect, 3 less perfect and sterile, G rudi- mentary. The fruit is a favourite vegetable. In gardens. — All islands. 719. Hufelandia pendula, Ns. (R. Thomcea, Nees). St. Thomas (sec. DC. Prodr. 1. c. p. Co, Hb. Kunth!). 720. Acrodiclidium salicifolium, Gris. PI. May-Aug. In forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Wdls Bay, Spring-gut). 721. Nectandra coriacea, Gris. Fl. May-Aug. In forests, rare. — St. Thomas (Soldier Bay) ; St. Jan (Hb. Havn.). 722. N. membranacea, Gris. PI. June. In dense forests, uncommon. — St. Croix (Wills Bay) 5 St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 723. N. antillana, Meissn. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 153) (JSF. leucantJia, Gris.). PI. May-June. In forests, not uncommon. Fragrant. — All islands. 724. Oreodaphne leucoxylon, Nees. Fl. July. In dense forests on high hills, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill) (Montserrat, Byan in Hb. Havn.). 725. Cassyta americana, L. Fl. March- April. Inflorescence often branched. On Manchineel and Acacia trees along the seashore, here and there. — St. Croix (Cotton Grove) ; St. Thomas (Water Bay); Vieques (Hb. Havn.). 726. Daphnopsis caribeea, Gris. Fl. July and Dec-March. In forests, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill, Signal Hill). 90 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS EUPMOREIACEiE. 727. Buxus Vahlii, Baill. (DC. Prodr. xvi, i, p. 16) (Tricera Iwvigata, Sw., var. Sanctce- Cruris, Eggers in Fl. St. Cruris, p. 111). Fl. June-Oct. On limestone, rare. — St. Croix (Stony Ground). 723. Savia sessiliflora, W. (Spec. Plant, iv, p. 771). Fl. June-Dec. In thickets on dry hills, not uncommon. — All islands. 729. Phyllanthus acuminatus, Vahl (Symb. Bot. ii, 95). St. Thomas (Herb. DC. sec. DC. Prodr. xv, ii, 381). Vahl, however, gives only Cayenne (Bohr) as habitat. 730. Ph. Niruri, L. (v. Creole Chinine). Fl. all the year round. Yery common in gardens and along roads. — All islands. 731. Ph. distichus, Mull. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 413) (Cicca, L.) (v. Gooseberry). Fl. June-Sept. Fruit used for preserves. Naturalized near dwell- ings.— All islands. 732. Ph. nobilis, Mull. (1. c. 415). rj) Antillana (Cicca, Juss.) (v. Gongora-hout). Fl. July, and afterwards precocious in Dec-Jan. In forests, not un- common.— All islands. 733. Ph. falcatus, Sw. (v. Boxwood). Fl. all the year round. In marshy soil, not uncommon. — Vieques. 734. Securinega acidothamnus, Mull. (1. c. 451) (Fliiggea, Gris.). Fl. May-June. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix (eastern part of the island). (I have adopted Midler's generic name, Fliiggea being an older name for a genus of Opliiopogonece established by L. C. Bickard.) 735. Drypetes laevigata, Gris. ined. (Excoccaria polyandra, Gris. Cat. PI. Cub. p. 20, & Diagnos. neuer Eupborb. p. 180). Fl. Sept. $ . I have not found the female flower nor fruit, and am therefore not able to supply the deficiency in this respect in Grise- bach's Diagnosis. — St. Croix (Fair Plain) ; St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay). 736. D. glauca, Vahl. St. Croix (Hb. Havn. Eyan, Bohr; "Hollow berry of Bugby Hole") (Montserrat, Eyan in Hb. Havn.). 737. Croton astroites, Ait. (v. White Martin). Fl. Dec-July. Style lG-branched. In dry thickets, very common. — All islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 91 738. C. betulinus, VaM (Symb. Bot. ii, p. 98). Fl. all the year round. A low shrub, brownish. Common in thick- ets.— All islands. 739. C. flavens, L. (v. Maran). Fl. all the year round. Gregarious on dry hills, also as secondary growth ; very common, and a troublesome shrubby weed. — All islands. 740. C. discolor, Willd. (Spec. Plant, iv, 352) (C. balsamifcr, L.). Fl. all the year round. Along roads in dry localities, common. — St. Croix (eastern part of the island); St. Thomas (Hb. Thunb. sec. DC. Prodr. 1. c. p. 615). 741. C. ovalfolius, West. Fl. all the year round. Along roads and in waste places, very com- mon.— All islands. 742. C. lobatus, L. Fl. March-Dec. In the same places as the preceding, very common. — All islands. 743. C. humilis, L. St. Thomas (Bertero sec. DC. Prodr. 1. c. 670). (An arboreous as yet undetermined Crotonea, not found in blossom, occurs in a few specimens on Flag Hill in St. Thomas.) 744. Aleurites Moluccana, Willd. (Spec. Plant, iv, 5S0) (A. triloba, Forst.) (v. Walnut). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized near dwellings and in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 745. Ricinella pedunculosa, Mull. (Limuea, xxxiv, 153) (Adelia Ritinclla, L.). Fl. March-May, precocious. Always very spiny. In dry thickets, not uncommon. — All islands. 746. Argyrothamnia fasciculata, Mull. (Liunaea, 1. c. 146) (Ditaxis, Sclil.). Fl. Jan.-May and Sept. In thickets, not uncommon. — All islands. 747. A. candicans, Mull. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 741) (Argythamnia, Sw.). Fl. Sept.-April. Capsule dark blue ; seeds verrucose. In thickets, common. — All islands. 748. Acalypha cbamsedrifolia, Mull. (1. c. 879). (3) genuina (A. reptans, Sw.), y) brevipes. Fl. all the year round ; female flowers developing gradually. Bracts persistent after dissemination. On rocks and in crevices, not uncom- mon.—St. Croix (/5); St. Thomas (y). 92 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS^ 749. Tragia volubilis, L. (v. Nettle, Bran-nettle). Fl. Feb., Sept. Male flowers often transformed into a globose mon- strosity. The plant is believed by the negroes to give them luck in marketing. In thickets and along roads, common. — All islands. 750. Ricinus communis, L. a) (v. Castor-oil tree). Fl. all the year round. Seeds used for pressing castor-oil. Natural- ized on waste places, common. — All islands. 751. Manihot utilissima, Pohl (Plant. Bras, i, 32) (v. Cassava). Fl. March-May. Root used for manufacturing starch and flour, which is made up into flat, thin cakes (bambaui). Naturalized, and culti- vated.— All islands. 752. Jatropha Curcas, L. (v. French Physic-nut, Skitnetchi). Fl. all the year round. Seeds very drastic. A low tree, often planted on graves. Naturalized near dwellings, common. — All islands. 753. J. gossypiifolia, L. (v. Physic-nut), o) staphysagriaefolia, /3) elegans. Fl. all the year round. The whole plant has a disagreeable smell. Suffrutescent, l'-4' high. ' A troublesome weed near dwellings and in fields. Very common everywhere. — All islands. 754. J. multifida, L. (v. Coral-bush). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 755. Sebastiania lucida, Mull. (DC. Proclr. 1. c. 1181) (Exccecaria, Sw.). Fl. Feb.-June. A shrub or low tree, 5'-20' high. In thickets and forests, common. — All islands. 756. Hippomane Mancinella, L. (v. Manchineel-tree). Fl. precocious, Feb.-April, coetanous, May-June. Wood affording excellent timber, but very little used on account of the caustic milky juice. On sandy shores, often gregarious, sometimes in the interior of the islands on hills. — St. Croix (common) ; Virgin Islands (uncommon). 757. Exccscaria Laurocerasus, Mull. (1. c. 1202). j ) laurifolia. Not seen flowering. A high tree ; bark smooth, white. In dense forests, rare. — St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay). 758. Hura crepitans, L. (v. Sandbox-tree). Fl. Sept. Leaves deciduous in Jan. -April. Seeds drastic. A high tree with horizontal branches and prickly stem. In forests and near dwellings, common. — All islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 93 759. Dalechampia scandens, L. Fl. Feb.-June. Male inflorescence bearing at the base two resinous corpuscula, deciduous together with the male flowers. Baillon considers them to be sterile bracts ; Miiller takes them for monstrous anthers. Central female flower pedicellate. In thickets, common. — All islands. 760. Euphorbia buxifolia, Lam. Fl. all the year round. On the sandy shore, common. — All islands. 761. E. articulata, Burm. Fl. all the year round. Along the seacoast, common. — All islands. 762. E. pilulifera, L. Fl. all the year round. In waste places and along roads, very com- mon.— All islands. 763. E. hypericifolia, L. a) and /?) hyssopifolia, L. Fl. all the year round. Leaves distichous. Used against dysentery. Same places as the preceding. A common weed. — All islands. 764. E. thymifolia, Burm. Fl. all the year round. The whole plant reddish. Leaves folding together during night and in rainy weather. Amoug stones and along roads, very common. — All islands. 765. E. prostrata, Ait. Fl. the whole year. Together with the preceding, common. — All islands. 766. E. petiolaris, Sims (Bot. Mag. t. 883) (v. Manchineel). Fl. the whole year. Partly precocious in the spring. On dry hills •and in thickets. — Virgin Islands (common) ; St. Croix (West, p. 288 '?). (West's E. cotinifolia, said to occur in St. Croix, is evidently meant for this species. I doubt, however, the correctness of the habitat, and am of opinion that it is a mistake for St. Thomas, where the species is ex- ceedingly common.) 767. E. geniculata, Ortega (Deead. p. 16; DC. Prodr. xv, ii, 72). (E. prunifolia, Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. iii, t. 277, a form with larger, serrate leaves.) Fl. Dec-March. In forests and near dwellings, not uncommon, often gregarious. — St. Croix (Government House) ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 768. E. heterophylla, L. ft) cyathophora, Jacq. Fl. all the year round. Gregarious in dry places, common. — All islands. 769. E. neriifolia, L. (DC. Plant. Grasses, i, t. 46). Fl. March-June. A large tree, stem 2'-3' diam. Naturalized near dwellings, common. — All islands. 94 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS 770. Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Poit. a), /?) padifolius, Poit., and 7) angusti- folius, Poit. Fl. all the year round. In thickets and gardens, uncommon. — All islands. All Euphorbiacece are proterogynous. I Cultivated species : Jatropha pandurcefoUa^ Andr., Codiceum variega- tum, Mull, a) pictum, Euphorbia pulcherrima, W., E. splendens, Boj., and E. antiquorum, L.] UETICACEjE. 771. Celtis trinervia, Lam. Fl. June-Dec. In forests and thickets, not uncommon. — All islands. 772. C. aculeata, Sw. a) and j3) aerrata. Fl. March-Sept. Proterogynous. Both forms not uncommon in thickets. — All islands. 773. Sponia micrantha, Decs. Fl. April-Sept. In forests, here and there. — All islands. 774. Ficus crassinervia, Desf. Fl. Jan. In forests, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis, Wills Bay). 775. F. trigonata, L. Fl. May- Aug. In forests. — St. Croix (rare, Crequis) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon). 776. F. laevigata, Valil. Fl. Jan.-March. In forests and on rocks, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis, Jacob's Peak). 777. F. lentiginosa, Valil. Fl. May. In forests on high hills, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 778. F. populnea, W. Fl. July-Aug. Figs geminate in the axils, red with dark spots. On rocks and epiphytic on trees, not uncommon. Long aerial roots. — All islands. 779. F. pedunculata, Ait. Fl. Jan.-May. Figs red, generally inhabited by a small hymenopte- rous insect. On rocks, walls, and trees, common. Long aerial roots. — All islands. 780. Artocarpus incisa, L. (v. Breadfruit-tree). Fl. May-July. Fruit not edible. Naturalized in shady valleys. — All islands. 731. Cecropia peltata, L. (v. Trumpet-tree). Fl. April-June. In shady forests, not uncommon. — All islands. FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 95 782. Madura tinctoria, Don (v. Fustic). Fl. June-Oct. Young shoots with deeply serrate leaves. Wood affording an excellent timber, but now very scarce. In forests, here and there. — All islands. 783. Fleurya aestuans, Gaud. Fl. June-Dec. On rocks in shady forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Spring Garden); St. Thomas (Crown). 784. Urera elata, Gris. St. Croix (Spring Garden, West, p. 306; his specimen in Hb. Havn.). 785. U. baccifera, Gaud. St, Thomas (Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi, i, 93). (West's Urtica elongata, Vahl, said, p. 306, to occur in St. Croix, and probably intended for an Urera, I have not been able to identify, from want of description and specimens.) 78-?. Pilea microphylla, Liebm. a), /3) trianthemoides, Lindl.,andy) succulenta (v. Duck-weed). Fl. all the year round. On rocks and stones in shady situations, a) uncommon; /?) and y) common. — All islands. 787. P. semidentata, Wedd. Fl. March-July. Gregarious among rocks on high hills, not uncom- mon.— St. Thomas (St. Peter). 788. P. grandis, Wedd. Fl. June. In leaf-mould on high hills, gregarious, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown, 1500'). 789. P. nummularifolia, Wedd. St. Thomas (Hornbeck in Hb. Havn.) ; Vieques (near Campo Asilo). 790. P. inaequalis, Wedd. Fl. July-Aug. Gregarious on rocks in forests, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, Crown). 791. P. Sanctae-Crucis, Liebm. (Vid. Selsk. Skrift., v. Rsekke, ii, 301). St. Croix (Orsted, 1. c). 792. Rousselia lappulacea, Gaud. St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. xvi, i, 235 ; Gris. Fl. p. 160). [Cultivated species: Finis Carica, L. (v. Fig-tree), and F. elastica, L.] ARISTOLOCKIACEJ&:. 793. Aristolochia trilobata, L. (v. Tobacco-pipe). Fl. May-Aug. On fences and in forests on high hills. — St. Croix (West, p. 305) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon). 96 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 7S4. A. anguicida, L. (DC.Prodr. xv, i,4G4; Bot. Mag. 43G1 ; Descourtilz, Fl.MM. des Antilles, iii, 202) (v. Crane's Neck). " Fl. Oct.-Dec. A number of dipterous insects are usually found im- prisoned in tlie lower part of the perigonal tube, whence escape is impos- sible on account of the downward-bent hairs on the inner surface. The hairs dropping off after fertilization, the imprisoned insects are set at liberty again. In thickets, rare. — St. Croix (Eecovery Hill). 795. Begonia humilis, Hort. Kew. (ed. i, vol. iii, 353). St. Thomas (Finlay in lib. Mus. Paris, sec. DC. Prodr. xv, i, 297). [Cultivated occur several species of Begonia.] AlEWTA€Ei;. [Cultivated in gardens and near dwellings : Casuarina eqidsetifolia^ Forst. (Fl. June- Aug.) Of very quick growth.] PlPERACEiE. 796. Piper Sieberi, Cas. DC. (Enckea, Miq.). Fl. all the year round. In forests ; often gregarious and forming a dense underwood, common. Used for walking-sticks. — All islands. 797. P. Bredemeyeri, Jacq. (Artanthe, Miq.). Fl. Sept. In shady valleys, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Caledonia, Crequis). 798. P. auritum, Kth. St. Thomas (DC. Prod. 1. c. 321). 799. P. Blattarum, Sprgl. Fl. Jan.-March. In forests, rare. — St. Thomas (Crown, Signal Hill). 800. P. peltatum, L. (v. Monkey's Hand) (Potomorphe, Miq.). Fl. Feb.-Aug. In forests, along rivulets, and among rocks on high hills. — St. Croix (rare, Caledonia, Springfield) ; Virgin islands (not un- common on high hills). 801. Peperomia pellucida, Kth. Fl. May-Aug. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Rohrs Minde) ; St. Thomas (DC. Prod. 1. c. 402). 802. P. acuminata, Miq. (P. (juadeloupensis, Cas. DC.) (v. Stone Ginger). Fl. all the year round. On rocks in forests, common. — All islands. 803. P. glabella, Dictr. Fl. May-Sept. In the same places as the preceding, common. — All islands. 4 804. P. cubana, Cas. DC. St. Croix (DC. Prod. 1. c. 413). FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 97 805. P. obtusifolia, Cas. DC, Dietr., Miq. a) and /?) clusiaefolia. Fl. April-July. On rocks and under shady trees in leaf-mould. Gre- garious, not uncommon, a) all islands ; /S) St. Thomas (Crown). 806. P. scandens, Ruiz et Par. St. Thomas (DC. Prod. 1. c. 434). 807. P. polystachya, Miq. Fl. Dec-Jan. Stem and lower surface of the leaves reddish. Among rocks in forests, not uncommon, gregarious. — All islands. B. GYMNOSPERM^E. CTCADACEiE. [Cultivated in gardens occurs Cycas revoluta, Thunb. (v. Sago Palm).] CONIFERJE. [Cultivated in gardens occur several species of Thuja.] C. MONOCOTYLEDONES. AEISMACE^E. 808. Echinodorus cordifolius, Gris. Fl. April-Aug. Flower expanded only till 10 A. M. Leaves hetero- morphous, the primordial ones submerged, linear-lanceolate, passing by degrees into the ordinary eraersed ones. In rivulets, here and there. — St. Croix (King's Hill Gut, Armas Hope Gut). HYDROCHABIDACEJ;, L. C. Rich. 809. Thalassia testudinum, Solander (Koenig). Not seen flowering. Gregarious in shallow sea- water, very common. — All islands. POTAME.E, Juss. 810. Cymodocea manatorum, Ascherson (Naturf. Freunde in Berlin, Jun. — Oct., 1868). Not seen flowering, gregarious on the bottom of the sea ; mostly in shallow water. — All islands. 811. Halodule Wrightii, Ascliers. (1. c, and Neumayers Anleit. zur wiss. Beob. auf Reisen). St. Thomas (Krebs sec. Aschers.). Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 7 98 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 812. Halophila Baillonii, Ascliers. (in Nenmayer, 1. c. p. 367). Pdiizonie creeping, thin. Leaves oval, denticulate, whorled or oppo- site, 3'" long, Ih,'" broad. Monoecious. Fl. $ : 3 membranaceous white bracts; 1-3 stamens; filament f" long; anther cylindrical, yellowish, glabrous, 1-celled. Pollen- grains fusiform. Fl. 2 : 3 persistent bracts, as in S . Ovary sessile, ovate, \'" long, - loculate. Style bifid, 2\'" long ; branches pointed, often of unequal length. Capsule oval, glabrous, 2'" long ; seeds about 20, globose, hard, tessellate on the surface. Starch-grains trian- gular. Male flowers very rare compared to the number of female ones. Fl. all the year round. Gregarious on the bottom of the seaon coarse coral sand in a depth of from two to four fathoms, here and there. — St. Thomas (harbour). 813. Ruppia rostellata, Koch. Fl. all the year round. Gregarious in shallow rivulets, not uncom- mon.— St. Croix (King's Hill Gut, in company with a species of Chara) ; St. Thomas (Tutu Gut, Krebs in Hb. Havn.). [Another Potamea, possessing a creeping rhizome and delicate linear leaves, has been found by me in the harbour of St. Thomas at a depth of from 3 to 6 fathoms, but on account of only sterile specimens having been obtained it remains as yet undetermined.] AROEDEJ;. 814. Anthurium Huegelii, Schott (v. Boyer) (A. acaule, Sch.). . Fl. July-March. Young radical leaves very different from the older ones, being lanceolate and long-petioled. I consider Schott's A. acaule not to be specifically distinct from this species. On rocks and trees, not uncommon, often gregarious. — All islands. 815. A. macrophyllum, Sell. Fl. July- Dec. Among rocks in forests, uncommon. St. Jan (near Bethania). 816. A. cordifolium, Kth. (v. Wild Tanier, Maroon Jancole) (Bot. Mag. t. 2801, 5801 being a misprint in Gris. Fl. p. 508). Fl. July-Nov. Among rocks in forests, gregarious, here and there. — St, Croix (Wills Bay, Blue Mountain) ; St, Jan (Macumbi, 1200'). 817. Dieffenbachia Seguine, Soli. (v. Dumb Cam1). Fl. May-Dec. In moist places on hi«h hills, uncommon. — St, Thomas (Caret Bay, 1000'). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 99 818. Philodendron hederaceum, Sch. Fl. Aug. On trees in dense forests, rare. — St. Thomas (Crown, 1400'). 819. Ph. giganteum, Sch. (Prod. Syat. Aroid. p. 261). Fl. March- July. Petiole 2'-2J' long; lamina 2.V-3' long, 2' broad. Peduncle 1^"S^" long; spatlie lP'-l^" long, opening itself only during two nights. Spadix white, giving out a strong odour and considerable high temperature during anthesis. Numerous aerial roots, stem V-2* long. Among rocks in dense forests on high hills, gregarious on trees. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill and Crown, 1500'). (The picture in Bot. Mag. t. 3314, of the much smaller Ph. fragrantissi- mum, Kth. (Caladium, Hook.), gives a good representation of the habit of this species.) 820. Caladium smaragdinum, C. Koch (Schott, 1. c. 165) (v. Guinea Ginger). Fl. May-July. Ehizome tuberous, yellow. In pastures on high hills, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, above St. Peter, 1400'). 821. Xanthoscma atrovirens, C. Koch (v. Scratch-throat). Not seen flowering. Ehizome large, tuberous, used as a vegetable. Leaves pungent when eaten as spinach. Cultivated and naturalized on provision grounds. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 822. X. sagittaefolium, Sch. (v. Tanier). Fl. July. Lamina of the spathe white, with a delicate rosy tinge. Spathe disclosing itself during two nights from 7 to 10 o'clock ; spadix meanwhile giving forth a strong fragrance and showing a temperature of 12° C. above that of the air. Leaves used as spinach and the tuberous rhizome as a common vegetable. Cultivated and naturalized on pro- vision grounds. — All islands. 823. X. ? hastatum, Egg. (Arum, Vahl.) (v. Indian Kale). Not seen flowering. Leaves hastate, with long pointed oblique basilar lobes; used for spinach. (Naturalized'?) Cultivated and spontaneous in forests. — All islands. 824. Pistia occidentalis, Bl. Fl. all the year round. Cultivated and naturalized in gardens. — St. Thomas. 825. Lemna minor, L. Not seen flowering. In rivulets, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Jealousy Gut, Fair Plain Gut). [Cultivated sj^ecies: Caladium bicolor. Vent., C. pictum, DC, and C. picturatum, Linden.] 100 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. TIPHACEJE. 826. Typha angustifolia, L., var. domingensis, Pers. Fl. Sept.-March. Used for making mats. In rivulets and around lagoons, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Jan. PANE>ANACEJE. [Cultivated in gardens occurs Pandanus odoratissiinus, L. fil. (v. Screw Pine).] PALMiE. 827. Thrinax argentea, Lodd. (v. Teyer-tree). Fl. May-June. Stem 10'-20' high. Leaves used for making ropes, thatching roofs, and other domestic purposes. On the northern slope of the hills in forests and tickets. — St. Croix (very rare, only one specimen seen, near Bellevue Mill) ; Virgin Islands (common). 828. Oreodoxa regia, Ktli. (v. Mountain Cabbage). Fl. April- Aug. The young leaf-bud used as cabbage. Berries eaten by hogs. In forests and along roads, common. — All islands. 329. Cccos nucifera, L. (v. Cocoa-nut Tree). Fl. Feb.-March. Leaves used for thatching roofs. The ripe fruit, although occurring in abundance, is scarcely used, and of no economical importance. Naturalized along the seashore and along roads. — All islands. COITIMEEYlVAClEyE. S30. Tradescantia geniculata, Jacq. /J) effusa, Mart. Fl. March. Seeds bluish, verruculose. — Vieques (near Campo Asilo). 831. T. zebiina, Hortul. (v. Wandering Jew). Fl. May. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 832. T. discolor, Sw. Fl. April-Aug. Stamens often by retrograde metamorphosis trans- formed into petals. Naturalized in waste places and near dwellings. — All islands. 833. Callisia repens, L. Fl. Jan.-March. Gregarious in shady places, not uncommon. — All islands. 834. C. umbellulata, Lam. Fl. Jan. Seeds white with a red spot. Flowers inonandrous. Among rocks in shady places, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1200'). 835. Commelyna cayennensis, Rich. (French Grass). Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded till 9 A. M. One of the sterile stamens always abortive. In moist localities, common. — All islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 101 836. C. elegans, Kth. (v. French Grass). : Fl. all the year round. Flower ephemeral. In moist localities, very common. — All islands. ORAMIMCEiE. 837. Bambusa vulgaris, Schrad. (v. Bamboo Cane). Not seen flowering. Naturalized along rivulets and in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. «•- 838. Arthrostylidium capillifolium, Gris. (Plant. Wright, in Mem. Amer. Acad, viii, 531, 1862). Not seen flowering. In forests, climbing among trees and shrubs to a considerable height, rare. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill, TOO'); St. Jan (Hornbeck in Hb. Havn., from "a large cataract, called Battery ") ; Vieques (flowering specimens from Hornbeck in Hb. Havn.; others re- ceived from Carnpo Asilo by me). A" 839. Eragrostis poaeoides, P. Br. Fl. June-Dec. Stigmas white. Along roads and in dry localities, often gregarious, common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. • 840. E. ciliaris, Lk. Fl. March-Dec. Anthers black. In dry localities, common. — All islands. - 841. Sporobolus virginicus, Kth. (v. Shauder). Fl. May-Oct. Anthers and stigmas yellow. Used in baths for children. Along the coast and lagoons, common. — All islands. ■ 842. S. litoralis, Kth. (v. Shander). Fl. May-Dec. In the same places as the preceding, common. — All islands. v 843. S. indicus, R. Br. (v. Hair-grass). Fl. May-Oct. Anthers purple; stigmas yellow. Along roads and ditches. — All islands. 844. Aristida stricta, Mich. Fl. March-Dec. Anthers yellow. Awns of unequal length, always longer than the glumes. Along ditches and in thickets, here and there.— St. Croix (Crequis, Fair Plain); St. Thomas (Schl.); St. Jan (Adrian Estate). 845. Olyra latifolia, L. /?) arundinacea. Fl. Dec-Jan. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay); Vieques (Campo Asilo). 846. Pharus glaber, Kth. Fl. June-Dec. Anthers yellow ; stigmas white. In forests, not un- common.— All islands. 102 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 847. Pappophorum alopecuroides, Valil. Fl. Feb.-March. V-3' high. Among rocks near the coast, rare. — Buck Island, near St. Thomas ; Virgin Gorda (Vahl in Symb. Bot. hi, 10). 848. Bouteloua litigiosa, Lag. Fl. Oct.-Jan. Anthers red; stigmas white. In thickets and waste places, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill — Town). t, 849. Leptochloa mucronata, Kth. Fl. May-Oct. Spikelets often 1-flowered. Along ditches, not un- common.— St. Croix. u 850. L. virgata, P. Br. a), /?) gracilis, Ns., and y) multiflora, Egg. Fl. May-Dec. Anthers white 5 stigmas purple, y) spikelets 9-flow- ered. Awns very short; fertile glumes not ciliate. Along roads, com- mon.— a) and p) all islands ; y) St. Croix (Work and Best). 0 851. Chloris eleusinoides, Gris. Fl. May-Nov. Along ditches, here and there. — St. Croix (Beeston Hill, Mount Welcome). I* 852. Ch. radiata, Sw. Fl. May-Oct. Stigmas brown. Gregarious along roads, common. — All islands. 853. Ch. ciliata, Sw. Fl. Feb.-Sept. Anthers rosy. My specimens show only one sterile flower in each spikelet besides the fertile one (see Swartz's Flora Ind. Occ. p. 189). Along roads, not uncommon. — All islands. ^- 854. Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum, W. (v. Ten-per-cent Grass). Fl. March-Nov. Anthers straw-coloured; stigmas white. A good pasture-grass. Along roads and in fields, common. — All islands. 855. Eleusine indica, L. Fl. March-Dec. Anthers greyish; stigmas purple. Common every- where.— All islands. 856. Cynodon Dactylon, Pers. (v. Bay Grass, Billy Grass). Fl. May-Oct. Anthers straw-coloured, with purple spots; stigmas purple. A good pasture- grass, and fit for making good hay, but at the same time a most troublesome weed in cane-fields on account of its long and creeping rhizome. Said to have been introduced. Along the coast and in fields, gregarious. — St. Croix and St. Thomas (very common) ; St. Jan (uncommon, Little Plantation). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 103 857. Paspalum compressum, Ns. (v. Flat Grass). Fl. June-Oct. Anthers light yellow; stigmas white. Near ditches and in shady localities, not uncommon. — All islands. 858. P. conjugatum, Berg. Fl. June-Dec. Anthers yellow ; stigmas white. In moist localities, common. — All islands. 859. P. pusillum, Vent. St. Thomas (Fliigge sec. Gris. Syst. Unt., p. 114). 860. P. distichum, L. a) and p) vaginatum, Sw. Fl. June- Aug. Proterandrous. Anthers light yellow; stigmas black. Along rivulets, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 861. P. notatum, Fliigge. St. Thomas (Fliigge sec. Gris. Syst. Unt., p. 114). 862. P. ceespitosum, Fliigge. Fl. May-Sept. Anthers orange-coloured. In moist localities, not uncommon. — All islands. 863. P. glabrum, Poir. Fl. May- July. Here and there along ditches. — St. Thomas (Schl.) ; St. Jan(KiffBay). 864. P. plicatulum, Michx. Fl. March-Sept. Along the seacoast, not uncommon. — All islands. 865. P. virgatum, L. a). Fl. May-Oct. Anthers straw-coloured; stigmas white. In moist localities, not uncommon. — All islands. 866. P. paniculatum, L. St. Thomas (Schlechtendal). c-867. P. spathaceum, HB. K. St. Thomas (Schlechtendal). 868. Digitaria filiformis, Miihl. Fl. Dec. In dry thickets, here and there.— St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill). 869. D. marginata, Lk. (v. Running Grass). Fl. March-Sept. Anthers purple with white stripes; stigmas purple. A good pasture-grass. Along ditches and roads, common.— All islands. 104 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 870. D. setigera, Kunth. Fl. June-Oct. Anthers and stigmas purple. Along roads, common. — All islands. 871. Ericchloa punctata, Hamilt. Fl. March-Sept. Anthers brownish ; stigmas black. In moist locali- ties, here and there. — St. Croix (Crequis, La Grange); St. Thomas (Schl.). 872. Stenotaphrum americanum, Schrank (v. Horse Grass). Fl. May- Aug. Anthers orange-coloured; stigmas purple. Along the coast and in moist localities, gregarious, common. — x\ll islands. 873. Orthopogon setarius, Spreng. Fl. March-Dec. Anthers light purple ; stigmas purple. In forests, common. — All islands. 874. Faiiicum paspaloides, Pers. Fl. March-Sept. Anthers reddish; stigmas straw-coloured. The hermaphrodite flower in this and all other'species of Panicum is proter- androus, the stamens dropping off before the stigmas appear. These latter are then fertilized by the agency of the wind from other individ- uals before the stamens of the male flower make their appearance, self- fertilization being thus evidently impossible. Along rivulets and in moist localities, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 875. P. brizoides, L. St. Thomas (Schlechtendal). 876. P. colonum, L. Fl. March-Sept. Anthers purple; stigmas black. Along roads and ditches, common. — All islands. 877. P. prostratum, Lam. a) and /?) pilosa, Egg. Fl. June-July. Anthers orange-coloured; stigmas black. j3) Bhachis of spikelets pilose. — a) All islands (common); fi) St. Croix (La Grange). 878. P. fuscum, Sw. (v. Sour Grass), a) aud (3) fasciculatum, Sw. Fl. Feb.-Sept. Anthers orange-coloured ; stigmas purple. Abhorred by the cattle. — «) All islands. ,#) St. Croix; St. Thomas (Schlechten- dal). Not uncommon. 879. P. molle, Sw. (v. Yerba de Parfi, Spanish Grass). Fl. May-Oct. Anthers yellow; stigmas purple. Naturalized here and there in pastures. — St. Croix (Cotton Grove). FLORA. OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 105 *" 880. P. diffusum, Sw. Fl. May-Oct. Anthers orange-coloured; stigmas dark purple. In moist localities, uncommon. — All islands. ^ 881. P. maximum, Jacq. (v. Guinea Grass) (P. potygamum, Sw.). Fl. June-Sept. Anthers brownish; stigmas light purple. A splendid pasture-grass, growing to the height of 12', forming dense tufts and being propagated by the rhizome. Naturalized and cultivated every- where.— All islands. r" 882. P. divaricatum, L. a) and /3) puberulum. Fl. May-Dec. Anthers light yellow; stigmas white. Besembling a thin Bamboo Cane. 8'-16' high. Both forms not uncommon in forests, climbing over trees and shrubs. — All islands. d 883. P. glutinosum, Sw. St. Croix (West, p. 267). *"* 884. P. brevifolium, L. Fl. Aug.-Dec. Anthers and stigmas white. In gardens and along roads, here and there. — St. Thomas (Barracks). " 885. P. cayennense, Lam. St. Thomas (Schlechtendal). 886. Setaria glauca, P. Br. a). Fl. May-Oct. In forests, common. — All islands. f 887. S. setosa, P. Br. a) and /?) caudata, R. S. (v. Sour Grass). Fl. April-Dec. Anthers orange-coloured; stigmas purple, a) 3'-7' high; in forests and along ditches, common. — All islands. 0) in dry thickets, uncommon. — St. Thomas (CowelPs Hill). v^888. Cenchrus echinatus, L. /3) viridis, Spreng. (v. Burr Grass). Fl. Ai)ril-Dec. Anthers light yellow; stigmas white, with a purple spot in the middle. The ripe farinaceous seeds eaten by the cattle. Along the coast, very common. — All islands. 889. Anthephora elegans, Schreb. Fl. Jan.-Oct. Anthers brownish. In thickets, here and there. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. i. 890. Tricholeena insularis, Gris. (v. Bitter Grass, Long Grass). Fl. March-Dec. Anthers brownish; stigmas white. Never touched by cattle whilst green, on account of its bitter taste. Spikelets easily detached and carried far away by the wind. Yery common along roads and in dry places. — All islands. 106 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 891. Lappago aliena, Spreng. Fl. May-Dec. Stigmas white. Generally both spikelets fertile. Near ditches and in thickets, common. — All islands. 892. .Andropogon saccharoides, L. Fl. Aug.-Oct. Anthers light yellow; stigmas dark purple. Awn not twisted. Along roads, here and there. — St. Croix (Beeston Hill Grange). 893. Anatherum bicorne, P. Br. (v. Jolly Grass). Fl. July-Oct. 2/-4/ high. Used for thatching roofs. Not eaten by the cattle. Gregarious on high hills, where it is difficult to counteract its spreading, even by burning it now and then. — St. Thomas (northern slope of the highest ridge). 894. Sorghum vulgare, Pers. (v. Guinea Corn). Fl. Dec. S'-W high. Naturalized and cultivated for herbage and for making flour of the grain. — All islands, principally St. Croix and Vieques. 895. Saccharum officinarum, L. (v. Sugar-cane). Fl. Dec-May. Naturalized and cultivated. Sugar-growing islands are now only two, viz., St. Croix and Vieques, whilst the other Virgin Islands have only a very few cane estates, principally for selling the raw cane in the markets. The average produce of sugar from both the above-mentioned islands is about 25 million pounds. The plant is propa- gated by cuttings that are laid entirely under ground. (The genus Panicum excepted, all Graminacece are proterogynous.) [Cultivated species: Andropogon Schcenanthns , L. (v. Lemon-grass), Zea Mays, L. (v. Indian Corn), and Coix Lacryma, L. (v. Job's Tears).] CYPERACE^;. 896. Cy penis polystachyus, Rottb. Fl. July. On high hills, rare.— St, Thomas (Crown, 1500'). 897. C. laevigatas, L. (Cod. p. 61) (C. mucronatus, Rottb.). a) albidus. Fl. March-Oct. Connective pointed. Along rivulets, not uncom- mon.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas (Schl., Bockeler). 898. C. compressus, L. Fl. Dec. Flowers 2-androus. Near the coast in moist places, uncom- mon.— St. Thomas (Haven Sight). 899. C. confertus, Sw. Fl. Dec. In thickets, here and there. — St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill) j St. Croix (Gris. Fl. 5G3). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 107 900. C. ochraceus, Valil. IJJ. May-Oct. Iu moist localities, uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis). 901. C. viscosus, Ait. Fl. April-Xov. Stamens always 3 (see Swartz's Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 113). Seeds germinating in moist weather on the parent, and often growing out into young plants an inch or two in length. Along rivulets and ditches, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 902. C. surinamensis, Roltb. St. Thomas (Schl.). 903. C. articulatus, L. (v. Sting Bisom). Fl. March-Sept. In ditches, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 904. C. rotundus, L. (v. Nut Grass). Fl. all the year round. Tubers sweet, eaten by hogs. A troublesome weed, very common in fields and along roads.— All islands. 905. C. brunneus, S\v. (C. planifolius, Rich.). Fl. May. On the coast and near lagoons, not uncommon. — All islands. 906. C. sphacelatus, Rottb. Fl. Feb. On high hills in pastures, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 907. C. distans, L. Fl. Aug. In pastures on high hills, common. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 908. C. unifolius, Bceckler (Linnaea, Neue Folge, ii, 374). St. Croix (Ravn in Reliq. Lehru.). 909. C. filiformis, Sw. Fl. all the year round. In moist localities, not uncommon. — St. Thomas. 910. C. odoratus, L. Fl. April-Oct, Near rivulets and ditches, here and there. — St. Croix (Mount Pleasant, Annas Hope). 911. C. pennatus, Lam. (Bceckler, 1. c. 404) (C. Ehrenberrjii, Kth., C. flexuosus, Valil). Fl. all the year round. Along the coast, not uncommon. — St. Thomas. 912. C. ligularis, L. Fl. March-Dec. Along rivulets, not uncommon. — All islands. 108 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 913. C. flavomariscus, Gris. (C. flavus, Bceckler). Fl. Aug. In pastures ou hills, here and there. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill); Buck Island (near St. Thomas). 914. Kyllinga filiformis, Sw. u) and -y) capillaris, Gris. Fl. June-Dec. Involucral leaves of various lengths. Both forms not uncommon in forests. — St. Croix (The William, Eliza's Betreat). 915. K. triceps, Rottb. Fl. March. In shady moist localities. — St. Jan (Baas Gut). 916. K. monocephala, Rottb. Fl. all the year round. In moist places in forests, common. — All islands. 917. K. brevifolia, Rottb. (Emend, in Bceckler, Linnsea, 1867, 425). (3) longifolia. St. Thomas (Ehrenberg sec. Bceckler). 918. Scirpus capitatus, L. Fl. all the year round. Achenium black. Along rivulets, common. — All islands. 919. S. nodulosus, Ktb. Fl. March-Dec. Along rivulets and in ditches, uncommon. — St. Croix (Adventure). 920. S. subdistichus, Bceckler (Linnaea, 1869-70, 490). St. Thomas (Bcklr.). 921. S. mutatus, Vabl. Fl. March-Dec. Filaments flat ; style often bifid. In moist places, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Jan. 922. S. fsrrugineus, L. Fl. all the year round. Filaments flat. Gregarious in tufts on the sandy seashore and near lagoons, uncommon. — St. Croix (Frederiksted) ; St. Jan (Beef Bay). 923. S. brizoides, Sw. (Fimbristylis polymorpha, Bceckler). Fl. Aug.-Sept. In pastures on high hills, common. — Virgin Islands. 924. Rhynchospora pusilla, Gris. Fl. Feb.-July. Anthers 1\"' long. In pastures on hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400'). 925. R. pura, Gris. Fl. Feb.-Aug. Seeds often germinating on the parent. In the same places as the preceding. St. Thomas (Signal Hill). FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 109 926. Scleria pratensis, Lindl. (v. Cutting Grass). Fl. April-Nov. In forests and pastures on high hills, uncommon. — St. Croix (Springfield, Mount Eagle); St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 927. S. sciudens, Ns. (v. Razor-grass). Fl. Aug.-Sept. In forests, rare.— St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1500'). 928. S. filiformis, Sw. (S. lithosperma, W.). Fl. May-Nov. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix (King's Hill) ; St, Thomas (Cowell's Hill). [All Cyperacecc are proterogynous, with white stigmas and light yel- low anthers.] L.IL.IACEJE. 929. Aloe vulgaris, L. (v. Sempervivie). Fl. MarcK-April. Gregarious on limestone (naturalized!), common. — All islands. 930. Yucca gloriosa, L. Fl. June-Aug. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 931. Agave americana, L. (v. Karate). Fl. Feb.-May. On dry hills, common. — All islands. 932. A. sobolifera, Salm-Dyck. (v. Karata). Very seldom or never bearing flowers. Propagated by bulblets in June-July, growing out to a considerable size whilst still on the parent. On hills and in thickets, not uncommon. — All islands. 933. Fourcroya cubensis, Haw. (v. Female Karata). Fl. March atid July-Aug. In dry thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 934. Pancratium caribseum, L. (v. White Lily, Ladybus). Fl. May-Xov. Flowers nocturnal; fragrant. On rocky coasts, not uncommon. — All islands. 935. Crinum erubescens, Ait. Fl. all the year round. Flowers nocturnal; fragrant. Along rivu- lets, here and there. — St. Croix (Hogensborg). 936. Amaryllis equestris, Ait. (v. Red Lily). Fl. March-Oct. On rocky shores, gregarious, not uncommon. — All islands. 110 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 937. A. tubispatha, Ker. (v. Snow-drop). Fl. April-Oct., especially after heavy rains. In fields and near dwell- ings, not uncommon. — All islands. [Cultivated species: Allium Jistulosum, L. (v. Ciboule), Polyanthcs Uibe- rosci, L. (v. Tuberose), and Crinum giganteum, Andr.J ASPABAGIMCEJI. 938. Sanseviera guineensis, W. (Spec, ii, 159) (Bot. Mag. t. 1179) (v. Guana-tail). Fl. Nov.-Dec. Fibres of the leaves yield a good material for ropes. Naturalized here and there on dry hills, gregarious. — St. Croix (Frie- densfeld); St. Thomas (around town). SMILACE.E. 939. Smilax havanensis, Jacq. Not seen flowering. In forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Cale- donia, Wills Bay, Bohr's Minde). 940. S. populnea, Kth. (Eiuim. Plant, v, 192). Fl. June- July {$). Unarmed. Leaves 4"-5" long, 3"-4" broad. In forests, a high climber, rare. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill, 900'). ©IOSCOREACEJE. 941. Dioscorea pilosiuscula, Bert. Fl. Dec, but rarely. Older leaves purple beneath, broad white stripes on the upper surface. Male inflorescence 3" long, pendulous. Axillar bulbs large, often bifid, greyish-brown, generally producing leaves whilst still in connection with the parent, dropping off later and form- ing new plants. In shady forests, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, northern slope above St. Peter, 1000'). 942. D. alata, L. (v. Yam), a), (i) vulgaris, Miq. Not seen flowering. Propagated by the rhizome. Naturalized and cultivated in provision grounds. Bhizoine affording a nutritive vegeta- ble.— All islands. 943. D. altissima, Lam. (v. Yam). Not seen flowering. Stem cylindrical. Occurring in the same places and used in the same way as the preceding. — All islands. • 944. Rajania pleioneura, Gris. Fl. Dec. Ill forests, rave.— St. Thomas (Flag Hill, 800'). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. Ill 945. R. hastata, L. Fl. Sept.-Dec. In forests and on fences on high hills, not uncom- mon.—St. Thomas (Signal Hill, Northside) (St. Croix?). IKIDAOEi:. 946. Cipura plicata, Gris. (v. St. Jan Grass, Bloodroot). PL all the year round. Bulbs crimson. ^Naturalized in gardens and valleys. — All islands. brohieliaceje;. 947. Bromelia Pinguin, L. (v. Pinguin). FL Dec. and April-June. Pulp edible, acid. Used for fences. Gre- garious in forests and thickets, common. — All islands. 948. Chevalliera lingulata, Gris. FL March-July. Petals white, with a bluish point. Berry glabrous, pink or blue. On trees and rocks on high hills, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown, Signal Hill, 1500') ; St. Jan (Macumbi). 949. Pitcairnia angustifolia, Ait. PL Aug.-Sept. Seeds red, pointed at the base; appendage white, truncate. On trees and rocks. — St. Croix (rare, King's Hill Gut) ; Vir- gin Islands (common, especially on the coast). 950. Tillandsia fasciculata, Sw. Fl. Jau.-Feb. Capsule a little shorter than the bract. On trees in forests and on high hills, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown); St. Jan (Baas Gut). 951. T. utriculata, L. (v. Wild Pine). ' FL Feb.-Aug. Inflorescence over 8' high. On trees and rocks, com- mon.— All islands. 952. T. recurvata, L. (v. Old Man's Beard). Fl. Jan.-Feb., but very rarely. Seeds often germinating in the cap- sule. Used for stuffing mattresses. On trees, gregarious, very com- mon.— All islands. 953. T. usnecides, L. (v. Old Man's Beard). Fl. March, rarely. Petals greenish. On shrubs, common, grega- rious.— All islands. 954. Catopsis nutans, Gris. Fl. June-Aug. Petals fleshy, white. Seeds brown; pappus \\" 112 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. long, white, silky. On trees and rocks on high kills, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, Crown, 1400'-1500'). [Cultivated species: Ananassa sativa, Lindl. (v. Pine-apple). MUSACEiE. 955. Musa paradisiaca, L. (v. Plantain). Fl. May-Aug. Fruit eaten only boiled or fried. Naturalized and cultivated, but rare. — All islands. 956. M. sapientium, L. (v. Banana). Fl. May-Nov. Fruit eaten raw or fried. Naturalized and cultivated everywhere, occurring in several varieties (Bacuba, Fig, Lady-finger, St. Vincent Banana, etc.). — All islands. . SCIT AMINES. 957. Renealmia sylvestris, Gris. Fl. Aug. In forests in shady and moist localities, rare. — St. Croix (Golden Eock) ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400'). 958. Zingiber officinalis, Rose. (v. Ginger). Fl. Sept. Naturalized and cultivated in forest districts, here and there. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. 959. Canna indica, L. (v. Indian Shot). Fl. all the year round. In moist places and near dwellings, not un- common.— All islands. 960. C. Lamberti, Lindl. (v. Scarlet Indian Shot). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands. 961. C. edulis, Ker. (v. Tout-le-mois). Fl. all the year round. Tubers used for producing salep. Natural- ized and cultivated along rivulets. — All islands. 962. Maranta arundinacea, L. (v. Arrow-root). Not seen flowering. Tubers yielding the best kind of salep. Nat- uralized and cultivated here and there. — All islands. [Cultivated species: Alphiia nutans, Baf. (v. Shell-plant), and Cur- cuma longcby L. (v. Turmeric). ©K€HI»ACE.E. 963. Liparls elata, Lindl. Fl. June-Dec. Bracts purple. My specimens on the whole some- what smaller than the picture in Bot. Mag. 1. 1175. On red clay among FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 113 rocks on high hills, here and there. — St. Thomas (Liliendal, Bonne Reso- lution). 964. Epidendrum subaequale, Eggers, n. sp. Fl. Feb.-March. Tubers cylindrical, small, several-leaved. Leaves 2-5, linear, channelled, pointed, much shorter than the scape; sterile bracts short, distant, pointed, floral ones smaller; flowers in a simple raceme, 3-4. Perigonial divisions lanceolate, pointed, nearly conform. Lip slightly adnate to the column, 3-lobed; lobes rounded, the two lat- eral ones a little shorter than the middle one. Column auricled below the anther; auricles small, purple. Ovary linear, striate, £" long. Al- lied to E. aciculare, Batem., but leaves several, much shorter than the scape, and lip broadly 3-lobed. Leaves 5"-6" long, 2'" broad ; scape 20//-24// high, straight. Peduncles \" long ; perigonial divisions green- ish, with brown spots, \" long; lip purple, with darker stripes and a yellow crest in the middle, \" long. The whole plant of a sometimes darker, sometimes lighter hue, flowers even sometimes quite white. On rocks and the roots of trees in dry thickets, here and there. — St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill, Solberg). 965. E. bifidum, Aubl. Fl. May-Dec. On trees and rocks, not uncommon. — All islands. 966. E. ciliare, L. Fl. June-Feb. Flowers fragrant. Gregarious on rocks and old tree- trunks, common. — All islands. 967. E. cochleatum, L. (Bot. Mag. t. 151, bad). Fl. April-May. On trees in forests, rare. — St. Croix (Mount Eagle, 1150'; Jacob's Peak, 950'). 968. E. patens, Sw. Fl. July-Aug. Leaves distichous ; scape compressed, l'-2' high. On rocks in leaf-mould, rare, on high hills. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1500'). 969. Brassavola cucullata, R. Br. Fl. June-Octb. Gregarious on rocks, rare. — St. Thomas (John Bruce Bay). 970. Polystachya luteola, Hook. Fl. March-Kov. Flowers often cleistogamous and normal on the same branch and at the same time. Both forms yielding good seeds. On rocks and old tree-trunks, not uncommon on hills. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1200'-1500'). Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 8 114 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 971. Oncidium Lemonianum, Lindl. Fl. May-July. Never giving fruit, but propagating itself by pro- ducing young plants from buds in the axils of the sterile bracts below the flowers, which remain in connection with the parent plant, and thus often forming long colonies of plants from one tree to another. In for- ests and thickets, gregarious, but rare. — St. Thomas (Picara Peninsula, Fortuna). (The lateral sepals in my specimens being distinct, I am inclined to retain Lindley's specific name instead of uniting my plant with 0. tetra- jyetalum, W., as done by Grisebach.) 972. O. variegatum, Sw. Fl. July-Octb. On rocks and trees in shady places, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands. 973. Prescottia myosurus, G. Rchb. Fl. March. In grass-fields on high hills, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400'). 974. Spiranthes elata, Rich. Fl. March. Leaves deciduous during anthesis. In leaf-mould on high hills, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands. 975. Stenorrhynchus lanceolatus, Rich. Fl. May. Leaves deciduous during anthesis. Only %-V high. In clayey soil among rocks on high hills, rare.— St. Thomas (Signal Hill, Crown). 976. Habenaria maculosa, Lindl. Fl. Feb. Spur 1" long, nectariferous. In pastures on high hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 977. H. alata, Hook. Fl. Feb. Spur &" long, nectariferous. In the same localities as the preceding, rare.— St. Thomas (Signal Hill, above St. Peter, 1400'). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 115 II. CRYPTOGAMS VASCTTLARES. * LICOPODIACEiE. 978. Lycopodium cernuum, L. Gregarious among rocks on high hills, here and there. — St. Thomas (Crown, Signal Hill). 979. Psilotum triquetrum, Sw. In shady places among rocks, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis) ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill). FltlCES. 980. Ophioglossum reticulatum, L. In pastures under rocks on high hills, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown). 981. Davallia aculeata, Sw. (v. Prickly Fern). In pastures on high hills, here and there. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, above St. Peter, 1300'). 982. Adiantum villosum, L. Among rocks in forests, uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis, Vieques). 983. A. intermedium, Sw. On high hills, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 984. A. microphyllum, Kaulf. Fragrant in the morning. In dense forests, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown). 985. A. tenerum, Sw. (v. Maiden-hair). In thickets, not uncommon. — All islands. 986. A. fragile, Sw. In the same localities as the preceding, uncommon. — All islands. 987. Cheilanthes microphylla, Sw. St. Croix (West, p. 313, Benzon in Hb. Havn.) ; St. Thomas (Ravn in Hb. Havn.). 988. Pteris longifolia, L. Along rivulets in forests, rare. — St. Croix (Crequis). 116 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 989. P. pedata, L. Gregarious in forests, here and there. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, near St. Peter). 990. Taenitis lanceolata, R. Br. In leaf-mould on rocks, not uncommon. — All islands. ^ 991. Antrophyum lineatum, Eaulf. In forests, rare. — St. Thomas (St. Peter). 992. Blechnum occidentale, L. Gregarious in pastures and forests, very common. — All islands. 993. Chrysodium vulgare, Fe"e. In marshy soil, gregarious; up to 15' high. Not uncommon. — All islands. 994. Hemionitis palmata, L. (v. Strawberry Fern). Propagating itself by buds from the serratures of the frond. Grega- rious in shady forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Eliza's Betreatj; St. Jan (Eogiers, King's Hill). 995. Gymnogramme calomelanos, Kaulf. (v. Silvery Fern). On hills and among stones, not uncommon. — All islands. Var. pumila, Egg. Dwarfy, cartilaginous. On old walls, here and there. — St. Croix (Bodkin); St. Thomas (Cowell's Battery). 996. Asplenium serratum, L. Frond up to 4' long. On rocks in forests, very rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400'). 997. A. firmum, Kze. St. Thomas (Griseb. Syst. TJnters. p. 134) (A. abscissnm, W.). 998. A. pumilum, Sw. On clayey soil in forests, gregarious, here and there. — St. Thomas (Matthis Gut) ; St. Jan (Rogiers). 999. Aspidium punctulatum, Sw. In forests, not uncommon. — St. Thomas. 1000. A. semicordatum, Sw. In shady localities, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 117 1001. A. patens, Sw. In forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Crequis); St. Thomas (Crown). 1002. A. molle, Sw. In the same localities as the preceding, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 1003. A. invisum, Sw. a). In shady localities, rare. — St. Croix (Crequis). 1004. Polypodium tetragonum, Sw. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands 1005. P. crenatum, Sw. St. Croix (West, p. 313, Benzon in Hb. Havn.); St. Thomas (Hb. Havn.). 1006. P. aureum, L. On dead trees and rocks, not uncommon. — All islands. 1007. P. areolatum, Thunb. In the same places as .the preceding, but rare. — St. Thomas (Crown). 1008. P. incisum, Sw. St. Croix (West, p. 313). 1009. P. incanum, Sw. Among roots of large trees, gregarious, not uncommon. All islands. 1010. P, piloselloides, L. In forests and pastures among rocks on high hills, here and there. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1300'). 1011. P. serpens, Sw. On trees and rocks on high hills, rare. — St. Croix (top of Mount Ea- gle, 1150'). 1012. P. Phyllitidis, L. u) and [3) repens. In forests on rocks and trees, not uncommon. — All islands. 1013. Cyathea arborea, Sw. Stem 12'-15' high, 3" diam. In forests on high hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Crown, western slope, 1400'; Caret Bay Gut). COEEECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. Page 19. Fourteenth line from above, after " local name" read — which as a rule is derived either from the English or the Dutch language, except in Vieques and Culebra. Page 84. To Avicennia nitida. — The ground under the tree is sometimes covered with a peculiar kind of aerial roots, proceeding from the underground roots erect into the air to a height of four to six inches. Page 99. To Aroidew. — A supposed Aroidea with an immense, nearly aphyllous, climb- ing, terete, green stem, about 100' long, 1" diam., with scaly, early deciduous leaves and aerial roots resembling those of Vanilla, is met with in a few places in St. Thomas (among rocks on Flaghill in the forest). As, however, neither fruit nor flower bus as yet been found, it is still doubtful even to which family this interesting species may belong. Page 100, No. 827. Cancel the lines, " Leaves used for making ropes, thatching roofs, and other domestic purposes." Add before No. 828 : 827a. T/i. parviflora, Sw. (v. Bull-Seger). Fl. May-July; stem 30'-40' high, up to 3' in circumference. Berry in both species black, fleshy. Leaves of this species are used for making ropes, hats, roofs, and for other domestic purposes. On the northern slopes of the hills, common. — Virgin Islands. • Add before Commelynacece: (Cultivated species: Phoenix 82rinosa, Thonning, and Latania borbonica, L.) 118 INDEX The names in italics are those of the cultivated plants of the islands. Abelmosehus escnlentus . Abrus praecatorius Abutilon indicum lignosum periplocifolium . umbellatum Acacia arabica Catechu Farnesiana frondosa Fane. 30 43 30 30 29 29 49 48 49 49 macracantha nudiflora sarmentosa tortuosa Acalypha ehain.Tdrifolia . . ACANTHACE.E Acanthospermum humile. . Achyranthes aspera Acrodiclidium salicifolium Adansonia digitata Adenanthera pavonina Adiantum fragile intermedium 49 48 48 49 91 80 64 86 89 31 48 115 115 microphyllum 115 115 115 84 42 42 109 109 63 91 97 70 89 84 110 45 54 109 84 Alpinia nutans 112 tenerum villosum iEgiphila martinicensis. . . JEschynomene americana. Agati granditlora Agave americana sobolifera Ageratum couyzoides Aleurites Moluccana ALISMACEiE Allamanda cathartica Alligator Pear Ailing, white. Allium fistulosum Abnond, Dog Almond-tree Aloe vulgaris Aloysia citriodora Alteinunthera Achyrantha. . ficoidea polygonoides . AWuea rosea Alysicarpus vaginalis AMAEANTACEzE Amaiantus paniculatus spinosus tristis A ma ret 86 86 86 31 43 86 87 87 87 48 Lebbek 49,59 Page. Amaretsteckel 48 Amaryllis equestris 109 tubispatha 110 Amblogyne polygonoides 87 Ambrosia artemisia;folia 64 AMENTACEzE 90 Ammannia latifolia 54 AMPELIDEzE 39 Amyris sylvatica 40 Anacardium occidentale 41 Anamomis punctata 52 Ananassa sativa 112 Anatherum bieomo 100 Andira iuermis 45 Andropogon saccharoides 106 Schoenanthus 106 Anethum graveolens 59 Anguria glomerata 55 trilobata 55 Anise Anona laurifolia muricata palustris reticulata squamosa ANON ACEzE Anthacanthus jamaicensis. . . miciophyllus . spinosus Anthephora elegans Antherylium Rohrii Anthriscus Cerefolinm Anthurium coidifolium Huegelii macrophyllum . . Antigonon cordatum Antrophyum lineatum Apium graveolens APOCTNACE^; , Apple, Pell Chigger Custard Maid Monkey Pino Star Sugar Arachis hypogasa AEALIACEyE Ardisia -coriacea Argemonemexicana Aigyrothamnia candicans . - . fasciculata.. Aiistida stricta 59 23 23 23 23 23 23 81 81 81 105 54 59 98 98 98 88 110 59 69 50 33, 57 2io 55 23 111 C7 23 43 59 67 24 91 91 101 119 120 INDEX. Page. Aristoloehia anguicida 90 trilobata 90 ABISTOLOCHIACE^ 95 AKOIDEiE 98 Arrow-root 112 Arthrosty lidium capillifolium 101 Artocarpus incisa , 04 ASCLEPIADACE^ 70 Asclepias curassavica 70 nivea 70 Ash, Bitter 38 ASPAK AGUSTACE^: 110 Aspidium invisum 117 molle 117 patens 117 punctulatum 116 senrieordatuni 116 Aspleniuin flrrur.m 116 pumilum 116 serratum 110 Aster chinensis 67 AtTUANTIACE.E 36 Avicennia nitida 84, 118 tomentosa 84 Ayeniapusilla 32 Baas-fram boom 59 Baccharis Vahlii 64 Bachelor's Button 86 Balloon-vine 35 Balsam, Garden 80 Passia 81 Penguin 80 Balsamina hortensis 36 BA LSAMINACE.E 36 Bamboo Cane 101 Bambusa vulgaris lot Banana 112 Barleria lupulina 80 Barrow, Fallen 66 Bastard Guava 52 Mahogany 45 Bastardia viseosa 30 Hat is maritima 86 Batta-batta 87 Baubinia tomentosa 47 ungula 48 Bay-flower 28,86 Grass 102 Leaf 52 Sallie 67 Tine , 71 Bean, Horse 46 Rat 25 White 44 Beet 80 Begonia humilis 96 BKGONIACEiE 90 Bell apple 50 Belopeione nemorosa 80 Benye 81 Beta vulgaris 80 Beurreria succulenta 74 I'.iih us bipimiatus 65 lencanthus 65 Bignonia requinoctialis 79 unguis 79 Pa ^c. BIGNOXIACEJS ^79 Billy Grass 102 Bird Pepper 70 Bisom 107 Bitter-ash 58 Bush 69 Gobie 55 Grass 105 Bixa Orellana 25 BIXACEiE 25 Black Amaret 48 Calabash 79 Cherry 52 Nickars 46 Pepper, Wild 84 Torch GO Willie 25 Black-eye Pea 50 Blecbnuni Brownei 80 occidentale ] ] 6 Blister-leaf S3 Blood-root in Blue Vine 44 Boerhaavia ereeta 87 panieulata 87 BOMBACE^S 31 Bonny Vis 44 Bontia daphnoides 84 BOIIAGINACE^E 74 Borreria parvitlora 02 stricta 02 verticillata 02 Borriebia arborescens 65 Bouchea Ehrenbergii 83 Roxujainvillea spectabilis 87 Boussingaultia baselloides 83 Bouteloua litigiosa 102 Bower 87 Boxwood 90 Brachyrbamphus intybaccus 60 Bran Kettle r.j Brassavola eueullata u;j Brassica oleracea 24 Breadfruit-tree 94 Break-bill G8 Brisselet ^ 34 Bromelia Pinguin m BBOMELIACE2E m Broom, white-head 64 Broom-wood 32 Brunfelsia ainericana 7,") Bryoj ili;. Hum calycinum 58 Bucida Buceras 54 Bull-suckers 68 Vis 35 Bully Wood (58 Bumelia cuneata 08 Bunchosia Swartziana 34 Bunva .. 23 Bur-bush 32 Burning Love 62 Burr Grass. 1 105 Bui-sera guinniifi ra in Bfl TTN ERIACE2E 32 Button-wood 54 Buxus Vahlii 90 INDEX. 121 Page. Byrsonhna lucida 34 spicala 34 Cabbage 24 Mountain 100 Cabrite 35 Cacalia coccinea 66 Cacoa 50 CACTACEJ2 57 Casalpinia pulcherrima 46 Cajanus iudicus 44 Cakile asqualis 24 Calabash, Black 79 Calabash-tree 79 Caladium bicolor 99 pictum 99 picturatum 99 smaragdinura 99 Calalu, Jackass1 32 Calliandra portoricensis 49 purpurea 49 Saman 49 Callicarpa reticulata 84 Callisia repens 100 umbellulata 100 Calophylluin Calaba 34 Calotropis procera 70 ( al vptrantb.es Chytraculia 50 pallens . . , 50 Thomasiana 50 Canavalia gladiata 45 obtusifolia 45 parviflora 45 Candlestick, Golden 47 Cane, Bamboo 101 Dumb 98 Sugar 10G Canella alba 34 CANELLACEiE 34 Canker-berry 77 Canna edulis 112 indica 112 Lamberti 112 Cape Jessamine 70 C APP AEIDACEiE 24 Cajjparis amygdalina 25 eynophallophora 25 frondosa 25 jamaicensis 25 verrucosa 25 Capraria biflora 78 CAPRIFOLIACE2E 59 Capsicum annuum 76 baccatum 76 dulco 76 frutescens 76 Cardiospermum Halicacabum 35 microcarpum 35 Carica Papaya 56 Carrot 59 C ARYOPHYLLACE^ 27 Casearia parvifolia 26 ramiflora 26 sylvestris 26 Casha 49 Cashew 41 Caspar ea 50 Page. Cassava 92 Cassia alata 47 angustisiliqua 47 bacillaris 47 bicapsularis 47 biflora. 47 Fistula 46 florida 47 glandulosa 47 grandis 46 nicticans 47 obtusifolia 47 occidentalis 47 Cassytaamericana 89 Castela erecta 38 Castor-oil tree 92 Casuarina equisetifolia 96 Cat-claw 79 Catalpa longisiliqua 79 Catch-and-keep 48 Catesbaa parviflora 59 Catopsis nutans Ill Cattiin 70 Cecropia peltata 94 Cedar 79 CELASTEACEJ2 39 Celery 59 Celosia argentea 86 nitida 86 Celtis aculeata 94 trinervia '. 94 Cenchrus echinatus 105 Centipee-root 37 Centrosema virginianum 44 Cephalandra indica 55 (Vitus, Night-blooming 57 Cereus armatus 57 floccosus 57 grandiflorus 57 monoclonos 58 peruvianas 58 Phyllanthus 58 repandus 58 triangularis. 57 Cestrum diurnum 78 laurifolium 78 noctumum 78 Chamissoa altissima 86 Changeable Hibiscus 31 Chcilanthes microphylla 115 CHENOPODIACEyE 85 Chenopodium ambrosioides 85 murale- 85 Cherry 34,41 Black 52 Christmas 52 Surinam 52 Wild 34 Chervil 59 Chevalliera lingulata Ill Cbichery Grape 75 Chigger-apple 33, 57 Chinese Eose 31 Chiococca racemosa 61 Chione glabra 61 Chloris ciliata 102 122 INDEX. Page. Chloris eleusinoides 102 radiata 102 Choco 5G Christmas-bush 63 C herry 52 Pride 80 CHEYSOBALANACE^ 50 Chry sobalanus Icaco 50 Chrysodiuni vulgare 116 Chrysogonum dichotomum 66 Chrysophylluni Caiuito 67 glabrum 67 microphyllum 67 oliviforme 67 paucifloruni 67 Chuc-chuc 84 Church-flower C9 Ciboule 110 Cinnamomuui zeilanicum 88 Cinnamon-bush 52 Cipura plicata Ill Cissampelos Pareira 24 Cissus acida 39 sicyoides 39 trifoliata 39 Citharexylum cinereum 83 quadrangulare 83 villosum 84 Citron. 36 Citrullus vulgaris 56 Citrus Aurantium 36 buxifolia 36 decumana 36 medica 36 Clashi-nmlat 73 Cleome pentaphylla 24 pungens 25 viscosa 25 Clerodendron aculeatum 84 f ragrans 84 Clidemia hirta 53 rubra 53 spicata 53 Clitoria Ternatea 44 Clusia alba 33 rosea 33 Coccoloba diversifolia 88 Klot zschiana 88 Kunthiana 88 laurifolia 88 leoganensis 88 nivea 88 obtusifolia : 88 punctata 88 rugosa 88 uvifera 88 Coeculus domingensis 24 Cocks 81 Cocoa-nut tree 100 Cocoa-plum 50 Tree 32 Cocos nucifera 100 Cndititim ruriegatum 94 Coffea arabica 61 Coffee-tree 61 Coix Lacryma 106 Page. Coleus aniboinicns 81 Colubrina ferruginosa ■. 40 rcclinata 40 COMBKETACE^ 54 Commelyna eayennensis 100 elegans loi COMMELYNACE.E 100 Comocladia ilicifolia 41 Condalia ferrea 40 CONIFERS 07 Conocarpus erecta 54 COXVOLVULACE^ 70 Convolvulus jamaicensis 73 matutinus 73 nielanostictus 73 nodiflorus 73 pentanthus 73 sagittifer -. 73 venenatus 73 CooHa punctata 37 Coipielicot 48 Coral-bush 92 Corchorus acutangulus 32 hirsutus 33 hirtus 33 siliquosus 33 Cordia, Scarlet 74 Cordia alba 74 Collococca 74 cylindristachya 74 Gerascauthus 74 globosa 74 laevigata 74 martinicensis 74 nitida 74 Sebestena 74 sulcata 74 ulmifolia 74 Corn, Guinea 106 Indian 100 Cosmos caudatus 65 Cotton-tree 31 Couroupita guianensis 53 Coursetia arborea 42 Cow-itch 45 Crab-prickle 49 Cracca caribiea 42 Crane's Neck 06 CRASSULACE2E 58 Cremanium amygdalinum 53 Creole Chinine - - - - CO Crescentia cucurbitina 79 Cujete 79 Cress 24 Crinum erubescens 109 giganteum 110 Cromberry 51 Crossandra infundibuliformis 81 Crotalaria ineana 41 latifolia 41 retusa 41 verrucosa 14 Croton astroites 90 lxtulinus 91 discolor 91 Havens 91 INDEX. 123 Page. Croton lmmilis 91 lobatus 91 ovaliiblius 91 Crotonea 91 CEUCIFEBiE 24 Cucumber 55 Mutton 56 Cucumis Anguria 55 Melo 56 sativus 56 Cucurbita Pepo 55 CUCUEBITACE.E 55 Cupania fulva 35 Cuppar 74 Curcuma longa 112 Cuscuta americana 73 Custard-apple 23 Cutting Grass 109 Cyat hea arborea 117 CYCADACE^) 97 Cycas revoluta 97 Cyniodocea nianatorum 97 Cynodon Dactylon 102 CTPEEACEJE 106 Cyperus articulatus 107 brunneus 107 conipressus 106 confertus 106 distans 107 filiformis 107 flavomariscus 108 laevigatus 106 ligularis 107 ochraceus 107 odoratus 107 pennatus 107 poly stachyu8 106 rotundus 107 spbacelatus 107 surinaniensis 107 unifolius 107 viscosus ] 07 Cypress 26 Cyprian 37 Cypselea humifusa 27 Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum 102 Dalechanipia scandens 93 Daphnopsis caribaea 89 Datura fastuosa 76 Metel 76 Stramonium 76 suaveolens 78 Tatula '. 76 Daucus Garota 59 Davallia aculeata 115 Davilla rugosa 23 Desmanthus depressus 48 virgatus 48 Desniodium incanum 43 molle 43 Scorpiurus, 43 spirale 43 tortuosum 43 triflorum 43 Dianthera pectoralis 80 sessilis 80 Page. Dicliptera adsurgens 81 Dieflenbachia Seguine 98 Digitaria filiformis 103 marginata 103 setigera K4 Dildo 57 Dill 59 DILLEXIACE^ 23 Diodia rigida 62 sarmentosa 62 Dioseorea alata 110 altissima 110 pilosiuscula 110 DIOSCOREACE.E 110 Dipbolis salicifolia .' 68 Diplochita serrulata 53 Distictis lactiflora 79 Distreptus spicatus 63 Divi-divi 46 Dodonaea viscosa 36 Dog Almond 45 Dogwood 45 Dolichos Lablab 44 sesquipedalis 50 sphcerospermtis 50 Drepanocarpus lunatus 45 Drymaria cordata 27 Drypetes glauca 90 laevigata 90 Duck-weed 9"> Dudeldu 46 Dumb Cane 98 Duranta Plumieri 84 Eastlndia Thyme 81 EBENACE.E 68 Echinodorus cordifolius 97 Echites agglutinata 69 barbata 70 circinalis 69 neriandra 69 suberecta 69 Eclipta alba 64 Edden-wood 40 Egg-plant 78 Egletes domingensis 66 Elaeodendron xylocarpum 39 Elepbantopus mollis 63 Eleusine indica 102 Emilia sagittata 66 sonchifolia 66 English Plantain 85 Epidendrum bifidum 113 ciliare 113 cochleatum 113 patens 113 subaequale 113 Eragrostis ciliaris 101 poaeoides 101 Erechthites hieracifolia 60 Erigeron canadensis 64 cuneifolius 63 spathulatus 63 Eriochloa punctata 104 Eriodendron anfractuosum 31 Erithalis fruticosa 6] odorifera 61 124 INDEX. Page. Ernodea litoi alia 62 Eryngiuro fcttiduni 59 Erythrina Corallodendron 45 horrida 45 ERYTHEOXYLACE^ 34 Erythroxylum areolatum 34 brevipes 34 ovatum 34 Eugenia acetosans 51 axillaris 51 buxifolia 50 flavovirena 51 floribunda 52 glabrata 51 lateriflora 51 liguatrina 52 marginata 52 micrantba 52 monticola 51 pallens 51 Poiretii 51 portoricenaia 52 procera 52 paeudopaidium 52 aeaailiflora 51 uniflora 52 virgultosa 51 Eupatorium atriplicifolinm 63 Ayapana 63 canescena 63 cuneifolium 63 odoratum 63 repandum 63 Euphorbia antiquorum 94 articulata 93 buxifolia 93 eotinifolia 93 geniculate 93 heterophylla 93 hypericifolia 93 neriifolia 93 petiolaria 93 pilulifera 93 proatrata 93 pulcberrima 94 splendens - 94 thymifolia 93 ETJPHORBIACE2E 90 Euxolus caudatua 87 oleraceua 87 Evolvulua linifolius 73 mucronatua 73 nuniinularius 73 Exeoecaria Laurocerasus 92 Exoatemma caribsoum 60 Eye-bright 75 Fagara micropbylla 38 Fairy Ivy 79 Earamea odoratiaaima 61 Fatten Barrow 66 Female Karata 109 Fennel 59 Fem.Prickly 115 Silvery 116 St rawberry 116 Ficus Carica 95 Page. Ficus craasinervia 94 elastica 95 laevigata 94 lentiginosa 94 pedunculata 94 populnea 94 trigonata 94 Fiddlewood 83 Fig-tree 95 FILICES 115 Fire-weed 76 Fiacheria scandens 70 Flamboyant 40,45,40 FlatGraas 103 Fle'iti 47 Fleurya reatuana 95 Fluy te boom 74 Fozniculum vulgare 59 Forbidden Fruit 30 Forestiera porulosa G8 Fourcroya cubenais 109 Four-o'clock 87 Francbipani 69 French Graas 100,101 Physic-nut 92 Prickly Pear 58 Tea 81 Fustic 42,95 Galactia flliformis 44 tenuiflora 44 Galphimia glauca 34 Garden Balsam 80 Genipa americana 59 Geophila reniformis 62 Georgian variabilis 67 GERANIACEiE 36 Geranium 36 CESXERIACE^: 81 Giant Thibet-tree 49 Ginger 112 Guinea 99 Stone 96 Goat-weed 78 Gobie 55 Golden Candlestick 47 Gomphrena globosa 86 Gongora-hout 90 Gonzalea spicata 60 GOODEXOVIACE^ 67 Gooseberry 90 Surinam 58 Gosaypium barbadenae .., 31 vitifolium 31 Gouania domingenaia 40 GRAMENACEJS 101 Granni Vine 71 Grape, Chichery '• 75 Sea 88 Graptophyllum hortense 81 Grasa, Bay . . . . - 102 Billy 102 Bitter 105 Burr 105 Cutting 100 Flat 103 French 100,101 INDEX. 125 Page. Grass, Guinea 105 Hair 101 Horse 104 Jolly 100 Lemon 106 Long 105 Kut 107 Razor 109 Running 103 St. Jan Ill Sour 104, 105 Spanish 104 Ten-per-cent 102 Green Pea 50 Gregery 54 Grenadilla 57 Grey Nickars 46 Gritchee 48 Ground-nuts 43 Guajacum officinale 37 Guama 40 Guana-tail 110 Guarea trichilioides 36 Guava 52 Bastard 52 Sperry 52 Guava-berry 52 Guatteria Ouregou 23 Guazunia ulmifolia 32 Guettarda parvifolia 60 scabra CO Guilandina Bonduc 40 Bonducella 46 melanosperma 46 Guinea Corn 106 Ginger 99 Grass 105 Tamarind 31 Gully-root 85 GUTTIFER^ 33 Gymnogramme calomelanos 116 Habenaria alata 114 maculosa 114 Haematoxylon campecbianum 46 Hagbusk 36 Hair-grass 101 Halodule Wrightii 97 Halophila Baillonii 98 Hamelia lutea 60 patens 60 nebeclinium macrophyllum 63 Hecastopbyllum Brownei 45 Hedwigia balsamifera 40 Helianthus annum 67 Helicteres jamaicensis 32 Heliotrope 75 Heliotropium curassavicum 75 fruticosum 75 indicum 75 parviflorum 75 peruvianum 75 Hemionitis palmata 116 Herpestis chamaedryoides 78 Monniera 78 stricta 78 Heteropteris parvifolia 35 Page. Heteropteris purpurea 35 Hibiscus, Changeable 31 Hibiscus brasiliensis 31 clypeatus 30 mutabilis 31 phoeniceus 31 Hosa-sinensis 31 Sabdariffa . . . : 31 vitifolius 30 Hippomane llancinella 92 Hog-plum 40 Hollow-stock 28,82 Hollyhock 31 Holmskjoldia sangtiinea 84 Hon Kloot 45 Honey-suckle 59 Hops, vrild 82 Horse-bean 46 Grass 104 Horse-radish-tree 25 Hoya carnosa 70 Hui'elandia pendula . 89 Hura crepitans 92 HYDROCHAR1DACE.E 97 HYDROLEACE.E 73 Hymensea Courbaril 47 Hyptiscapitata 82 pectinata 82 suaveolens 82 verticillata 82 Ibatia muricata 70 Indian Corn 106 Kale 99 Shot 112 Indigo-berry 56 Indigofera Anil 42 tinctoria 42 Inga laurina 50 Ionidium strictum 26 Ipecacuana 70 Ipomcea acuminata 72 arenaria 72 asarifolia 72 Batatas 71 Bona-nox 70 carnea 71 coccinea 72 dissecta 71 fastigiata 71 flliformis 72 Horsfalliae 73 Learii — 73 leucantba 71 Nil 72 pentaphylla 71 pes-caprse 71 purpurea 72 Quamoclit 72 quinquefolia 71 quinquepartita 72 repanda 72 tiliacea "V --• 72 triloba 71 triquetra • 72 Tuba 7,) tuberosa 71 0 T A H | C S**ftC 126 INDEX. Pago. Ipomoea nmbellata 71 violacea 71 Irosine elatior 86 IRIDACE^ Ill Irish Potato 78 Iron-grass 0'2 Isotoma longiflora 67 Ixora Bandhuca 02 ferrea 61 stricta 62 Jackass Calalu 32 Jacquemontia tamnifolia 73 Jacquinia annularis 67 Jamaica Plum 41 Jambosa malaccensis 50 vulgaris 50 JASMPNACEJ3 68 Jasminum officinale 68 pubesceira 68 revolutum 68 Jatropba Curcas 92 gossypiifolia 92 multiflda 92 pan durce/olia 94 Jessamine, Cape 70 Double 68 Nepaul 68 Star 68 Job's Tears 106 Jolly Grass 106 Jumbee-bead 43 Juniper 74 Jussieua suffruticosa 54 Justleia bicolor 81 carthagenensis 80 periploca:folia 80 reflexiflora 80 Kakkerlakka-berry 78 Kale, Indian 99 Karata 109 Keneppy-tree 35 Klangbout 69 Kostelctzky a pentaspcrma 30 Krarneria Ixina 26 Kyllinga brevifolia 108 filiformis 108 monocepbala 108 triceps 1 08 LABIAT2E 81 Lactvca saliva 67 Ladybus 109 Lady-finger- tree 50 -slippers 36 Lagenaria vulgaris 55 Lagerslromia indica 54 Laguncnlaria racemosa 54 Lambrali 39 Lantana Camara 83 invnlucrata 83 poly aeantha 83 reticulata 83 Lappngo aliena 106 Latania borbonica 118 LAURACEJ3 88 I.;i\ ender, Sea 75 Lawsonia incrmis 54 Page. Lebidibia coriaria 46 LEGUMINOS^3 41 Lemna minor 99 Lemon Grass 106 Lemon-scented Verbena 84 Leonotis nepetsefolia 82 Leonurus sibiricus 82 Lepidium sativum ? 24 virginicum 24 Leptochloa mucronata 102 virgata 102 Leria nutans 66 Leuca^na glauca 48 Leucas martinicensis 82 Lignum- vitaj 37 Lilac 36 LILIACE^ 109 Lily, Red 109 Water 24 White 109 Lime 36 Sweet 37 Linguan-tree 25 Linociera compacta 68 Lipariselata 112 Lippia nodiflora 83 Liquorice, Wild 43 Liquorice-tree 46 LOBELIACE.E 67 Loblolly 87 Locust-tree 47 Logwood 46 Long Grass 105 Longlo 37 Lonicera Caprifolium 59 LOEANTHACE^ 59 Loranthus emarginatus 59 Lourea vespertilionis 42 Love-in-the-mist 57 Love-weed 73 Lucuma multiflora 68 Lufla cylindrica 55 Lumbo 87 Lumbush 77 Lycopersicum cerasiforme 77 esculentum 77 LTCOPODIACE^: 115 Lycopodium cernuum 115 LYTHRARIEiE 54 Mabee-bark 40 Maccreigbtia caribasa 68 Madura tinctoria 95 Madeira Plant 79 Mahoe.-l 30,31,32 Mahogany 36 bastard 45 Maid-apple 55 Maiden-hair 115 Malachra capitata 30 mens 30 Malpighia angustifolia 35 Cnida 35 glabra 34 urens 34 MALPIGHIACE.E 34 MALVACEAE , 28 INDEX. 127 Page. Malvastrum spicatum 28 tricuspidatum 28 Mamey 34 Wild 33 Mamillaria nivosa 57 Mamrnea americana 34 Marnpoo 87 Manchineel 93 Manehineel-tree 92 Mangelboom 54 Mangifera indica 41 Mango-tree 41 Mangrove 54 White 54 Manihot utilissima 92 Man jack 74 Maran 91 Swart 29 White £0 Maranta arundinacea 112 Maroon Jancole 98 Marsh-mallow 30,32 Martynia diandra 81 Massambee 24 Wild 25 Mastic 68 Maurandia Barclayana 79 May tenus elseodendroides '. 39 lajvigatus 39 Melampodium divaricatum 64 Melantheia deltoidea 65 MELASTOM ACEJ5 53 Melia sempervirens 36 MELlACEiE 36 Melicocca bijuga 35 Melocactus atrosanguineus 57 communis 57 Melochria nodiflora 32 pyramidata 32 tomentosa 32 Melothria pervaga 55 MENISPERMACE.E 24 Mentha aquatica 82 Mespel 67 Metastelma jiarviflorum 70 Schlecktendalii 70 Mexican Wreath-plant 88 Miconiaangnstifolia ,... 53 argyrophylla 53 impetiolaris 53 laevigata 53 prasina 53 Microtea debilia 85 Mignonette 54 Mikania gonoclada 63 Milk-bush 69 Milk-tree 69 Mimosa asperata 48 Ceratonia 48 pudica ■ 48 Mint 82 Mirabilis J alapa ' 87 MOLLUGINE^E 27 Mollugo nudicaulis 27 vert ieillata 27 Momordica Charantia 55 Page. Monkey-apple 23 Monkey's Hand 90 Morinda citrifolia 61 Moringa pterygosperma 25 Morisonia americana 25 Morning-glory 72 Mountain Cabbage 1 CO Mouriria domingensis 53 Mucima pruriens 45 Mule-weed 64 Murraya exotica 37 Musa paradisiaca 112 sapientium 112 MTTSACE.E 112 Muscat, nut 39 Muskmelon 56 Mustard, Wild 24 Mutton-cucumber 56 Myginda latifolia 39 pallens 39 MYOPORACE.E 84 Myreia coriacea 50 Myrodia turbinata 31 Myrospermum frutescens 46 MYRSINACEJE 67 MYETACE^E 50 Myrtle - 53 Rock 52 Myrtus communis 53 Nania jamaicensis 73 Nasturtium officinale 24 Nectandra antillana 89 coriacea 89 membranacea 89 Nepsera aquatica 53 Neptunia pubescens 48 Neriuni Oleander 69 Nettle 92 Bran 92 Nickars, Black 46 Grey 46 Yellow 40 Nicotiana Tabacum 7G Nigktblooming Cereus 57 Noyau Vine 71 Nut, Ground 43 Nut Grass 107 Muscat 39 Nutmeg 53 NYCTAGINACE^ 87 Nyctanthes Sambac 68 Nymphaea ampla 24 NYMPH^ACEJE 24 Obione cristata 85 Ocimum Basilicum 81 micranthum 81 Ogiera ruderalis 04 Okro 30 OLACACE^E 38 Old Man's Beard HI Oldenlandia callitrichioides 60 corymbosa 00 OLEACE^: 68 Olyra latifolia 101 ONAGRAACE^ 54 Oncidium Lemoniamun 114 128 INDEX. Page. Oncidium variegatum 114 Opbioglossuni reticulatum 115 Opuntia eatocantba 58 coccinellifera 58 curassaviea 58 liorrida 58 spinosissinia 58 tuberculata 58 Tuna 58 Orange 36 Seville 36 OECHIDACEJ3 112 Oreodaphne leucoxylon 89 Oreodoxa regia 100 Origanum Majorana 82 Orthopogon setarius 104 Otaheite-tree 31 Overlook 45 Ovra bla 64 OXALIDACE2E 37 Oxalis corniculata 37 Martiana 37 Oxandra laurifolia 23 Pain-killer CI Palicourea Pavetta 61 Palm, Sago 97 PALMiE 100 Palmer 67 Panax speciosum 59 Pancratium caribamm 109 PANDANACE^ 100 Pandanus odoratissimus 100 Panicum brevifolium 105 brizoides 104 cayennense 105 colonum 104 diffusum 105 divar jcatum 105 fuscum 104 glutinosnm 105 maximum 105 molle 104 paspaloides 104 prostratum 104 Papa-lolo 33 PAPAVERACE^ 24 Papaw 50 PAPAYACE^ 56 Pappophorum alopecuroides 102 Paritium tiliaceum 31 Parkinsonia aculeata 46 PARONTCHIACEJE 27 Parsley 59 Parthenium Hysteropborus 64 Paapalum caespitosum 103 compressum 103 conjugatum 103 disticbum 103 glabrum 103 notatum 103 panieulatum 103 plicatulum 103 pusillnm 103 spathaceum 103 virgatum 103 Passia Balsam 81 Page. Passiflora fcetida 57 hirsuta 50 incarnata 56 laurifolia 56 pallida 56 peltata 56 quad rangularis 56 rubra 56 suberosa 56 PASSIELOEACEZE 56 Pavonia racemosa 30 spinifex 30 Pea, Black-eye 50 Green 50 Pigeon 44 Wild 44 Pear, Alligator 89 Freneb Prickly 58 Prickly 58 Pectis bumifusa CO linifolia 66 punctata 66 Pedilanthus tithymaloides 94 Peireskia aculeata 58 Bleo 58 Pelargonium 36 Penguin Balsam 80 Peperomia acuminata 96 cubaua 96 glabella 96 obtusifolia 97 pellucida 98 poly stachya 97 scandens 97 Pepper 76 Bird 76 Small 76 Sweet 76 Wild Black 84 Persea gratissima 89 Petitia domingensis 84 Petiveria alliacea 85 Petrcea volubilis 84 Petro8elinum sativum 5!) Petunia nyctaginiflora 78 violacea 78 Pharus glaber "101 Pbaseolus alatus 45 lunatus 44 semiereotua 45 vulgaris 44 Pbilodendron giganteum 99 hederaceum 99 Pbiloxerus vermiculatus 80 Phlox Drummondii 75 Pbcebe antillana 89 montana 89 Phoenix spinosa 118 PboradendrOn flavens 59 PbyHantbus aouminatua 90 (list i.lms 90 faicatua 90 Niruri 90 nobilis 90 Pbyaalis angulata 76 Linkiana k 76 INDEX. 129 Page. Physalis peruviana 76 pubescens 76 Physic-nut 92 French 92 PHYT0LACCACEJ3 85 Picraena excelsa 38 Pictctia aristata 42 squaniata 42 Pigeon-pea 44 Pilea grandis 95 inaequalis 95 microphylla 95 nummulai ifolia 95 Sanctee-Crucis 95 semidentata 95 Pilocarpus racemosus 37 Pimenta acris 52 vulgaris 52 Pimpinella Anisum 59 Piudai s 43 Pine.Screw 100 Wild Ill Pine-apple Ill Pinguin Ill Pinna koop 39 Piper auritum 96 Blattarum 96 Bredemeyeri 96 peltatum 96 Sieberi 96 PIPERACE.E 90 Piscidia Erythrina 45 Pisonia aculeata 87 inermis 87 subcordata 59, 87 Pistia oecidentalis 99 Pisum sativum 50 Pitcairnia angustifolia Ill Pithecolobium. unguis-cati 49 PEA^TAGIXACE^J 85 Plantago major 85 Plantain 112 English 85 Plate-bush 77 Pluchea odorata 64 purpurascens 64 Plum, Cocoa 50 Hog 40 Jamaica 41 PLUMBAGIXACE^; 85 Plumbago capensis 85 scandens 85 Plumieria alba 69 obtusifolia 69 rubra 69 Pockenkolt 37 Poinclana Gillicsii 50 regia 46 POLEVlOXIACEvE 75 Police 48 Polyanthcs tubcrosa, 110 Polygala angustifolia 20 POLYGALACE^ 26 POLYGOXACE^E 88 Polypodiuin areolatum 117 aureum 117 Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 9 Tage. Polypodium crenatum 117 incanum 117 incisum 117 Phyllitidis 117 piloselloides 117 serpens 117 tetragon urn 117 Poly stachya luteola 1 13 Pomegranate 53 Pomerose-tree 50 Pop 56 Pope's Head 57 Portlandia grandiflora 00 Portulaca halimoides 28 oleracea 27 pilosa 28 quadiifida 27 PORTULACE^ 27 POTAME.E 97 Potato, Irish • 78 Sweet 71 Prapra 41 Prescottia Myosurue 114 Prickle, Crab 49 White 38 Yellow 38 Prickle-wood 54 Prickly Fern 115 Pear 58 Priva echinata 83 Psidimn cordatum 52 Guava 52 Psilotum triquetrum 115 Psychotria Brewnei 61 glabrata 61 horizontals 61 tenuifolia 61 Pteris longifolia 115 pedata 116 Pterocaulon virgatum 64 Pumpkin 55 Punica granatum 53 Purslane 27 Pyrethrum indumrn 67 Quassia 38 Quassia amara 38 Queen of Flowers 54 Quisqualis indica 54 Radish 24 Rain-tree 75 Rajania hastata Ill pleioncura 110 Ramgoat-bush 38 Randia aculeata 60 Raphanus sativus 24 Razor-grass 109 Rat -bean 25 Rattle-bush 41 Rauwolfla Lamarckii 09 nitida 69 Red Beet 86 Franchipani 69 Lily 109 Sorrel 31 Redwood 88 Renealmia sylvestris .112 130 INDEX. Page. Eeynosia latifolia 40 mucronata 40 EHAMXACE^ 40 Rhizophora Mangle 54 EHIZOPHOBACE.E 54 Ehus autillana 41 Bbynchosia minima 43 phaseoloides 44 reticulata 44 Ehynchospora pura 108 pusilla 108 Eicinella peduiiculosa 91 Bicinus communis 92 Eivina lsevis 85 octandra 85 Bochefortia acanthophora 74 Bock-myrtle 52 Eoehout 88 Eondeletia pilosa 00 liosa centifolia 50 gallica 50 EOSACE.E 50 Eose, Chinese 31 Eosemary 82 Bosewood 74 Rosmarinus officinalis 82 Eoucou 25 Eousselia lappulacea 95 EUBIACE^I 59 Euellia strepens 80 tuberosa 80 Sum-ex vcsicarius 88 Eunning Grass 103 Euppia rostellata 98 Husselia juncea 79 ETJTACEiE 37 Sabinea florida 42 Saccharum officinarum 1 0G Sage ... 83 Sago Palm 97 St. Jan Grass Ill Salad 07 Wild 60 Sallie.Bay 07 Salvia coccinea 82 occidentalis 82 serotina 82 tenella 82 Sambucus nigra 59 Samyda glabrata 26 serrulata 20 Sandbox-tree 92 Sander, Yellow 38 Sanseviera guineensis 110 Santa Maria 34 SAPIXDACE3: 35 Sapindus insequalia 35 Sapota Achras 07 Sideroxylon 08 SAPOTACE.E 67 Sarcostemma Browne! 70 Savia sessiliflora 90 Seaevola Plumieri 67 Scarlet Cordiu 74 Indian Shot 112 Schrcffcria frutescens 39 Pago. Schmidclia occidentalis 35 Schcepfia arborescens 38 Scirpus brizoides 108 capitatus 108 ferruginous 108 mutatus 108 nodulosus 108 subdistichus 108 SCITAMI^'EJE 112 Scleria filiformis io9 pratcnsis 109 scindcns 109 Sclerocarpus africanus 65 Scleropus amarantoides 87 Scolosanthus versicolor Gl Scoparia dulcis 78 Scratch-throat 99 Screw Pine 100 SCEOPHULAEIACE^ 78 Scrubber 43 Sea-grape 88 Sea-lavender 75 Sebastiania lucida 92 Sechium cdule 56 Securidaca Brownei 26 erecta 26 Securinega acidothamnus 90 Sempervivie 109 Serjania lucida 35 tSesamum orientale 81 Sesbania sericea 42 Sesuvium portulacastrum 28 Setaria glauca 105 setosa 105 Seville Orange 3G Shaddock 30 Shander 101 Shell-plant 112 Shot, Indian 112 Scarlet Indian 112 Sida acuminata 29 arguta 29 carpinifolia 28 ciliaris 28 cordit'olia 29 glomerata 28 humilis 29 jamaicensis 29 nervosa 29 rhombifolia 29 spinosa 29 supina 29 tristis 29 Sideroxylon Mastichodendron 68 SilkCattun 70 Sillv-cotton-trco 31 Silvery Pern 11G Silvi 40 Sinapis arvensis 24 brassicata 24 Skitnetchi 92 Small Pepper 76 Trovo 77 SMILACE2E 110 Suiilax havaneusis 110 populuea 110 INDEX. 131 Page. Snake-bush 85 Snake-n< iwcr 64 Snake-root 40,69 Snow-drop HO Soap seed 35 Soap-stick 40 SOLANACE.E 75 Solatium aculeatissimum - 77 bahamense 77 igneuni 77 inchisum 77 laiiceifolium 77 manmtoaum 77 Melongena 78 nodiflorum .- 77 pulyganium 78 raceuiosum 77 Seaforthiannm 78 torvuni 77 tuberosum 78 verbascifolium 77 Soldier-wood 49 Soucb.ua -oleraceus 66 dophojra lomentosa 46 Sorghum vulgare 106 Sorrel, Bed 31 Sour Grass - 104, 105 Sour-eyes 45 Soursop 23 Spanish Grass. 104 S] targanophorua Vaillantii 62 Spermaeoce tenuior 62 Sperry Guava 52 Spigclia antkelmia 60 Spirantb.es elata 114 Spondias lutea 40 purpurea 41 Sponia micrantka 94 Spoon-tree 39 Sporobolus indicus 101 litoralis 101 virginicira 101 Squash 55 Stachytarpha jamaicensis 83 strigosa 83 Star-apple 67 Jessamine 68 Stark ntahart 85 Stcnionacanthus eoceineus 80 Stcnandrium rupestre 81 Stenorrhyncb.ua lanceolatua 114 Stenoatomum lucidum 60 Stenotaphrum amerieanum 104 Stephaiwtis floribunda 70 Stiiimaphyllon periplocifblium 35 Stilly Bisom 107 Stink Cashfl 49 Stink-tree 45 Stinking-weed 47 Stiverbush 47 Stone-ginger 96 Strainer-vine 55 Straw berry Fern 110 Stylosanthes pi ocumbens 43 viscosa 43 STYEACEzE 08 Page. Styverbla 47 Suckers 58 Sugar-apple 23 Sugar-cane 106 Sunflower 67 Suriana maritima 85 Surinam Cherry 52 Gooseberry 58 Susakka 23 Susanna - 83 Swart Maran 29 Sweet Lime — 37 Marjoram Tea £2 Pepper 70 Potato - 71 Scent - 04 William - 72 Swietenia Mahogoni .— 36 Symplocos martinicensia G8 SYXANTHEEE.E 62 Sytu drella noditiora 66 Tabcrncemonlana capensis 70 eitrifolia - 69 Tsenitis lanceolata 116 Tagetes patida ' 07 Talinum patens 27 triangulare 27 T AMARIC ACE2E 26 Tamarind, Guinea 31 Wild 48 Tamarind-tree 47 Tamarindus indica --. 47 Tamarix indica - 26 Tanier 98,99 Tea.French 82 Sweet Marjoram 82 Tecoma Berterii 79 capensis - 79 leucoxylon 79 stans 79 Ten-per-cent Grass 102 Tepbrosia einerea 42 Teramnus nncinatua 44 TEEEBPNTH ACE.2E 40 Termiualia Catappa 54 Ternstriimia elliptica - 33 TEBNSTEOMIACE.E 33 Tetrazygia el&agnoides 53 Teyer-tree 100,118 Thalassia testudinum 97 Theobroma Cacao 32 Thespesia populnea 31 Thevetia neriifolia C9 Thibet-tree 49 Thistle 24 Thrinax argentea 100 parvitlora 118 Thuja 97 Thunbcrgia alata 81 fragrans 81 volubilia 81 Tbyme 82 East India 81 THYMELzEACE^E 89 Thymus vulgaris 82 Thyrsaeanthus nitidus 80 132 INDEX. Page. TILIACE2E 32 Tilkmdsia fasciculfita Ill recurvata Ill usneoides Ill utriculata Ill Tithonia spcciosa 07 Tobacco, Wild 65 Tobacco-pipe ■ 95 Tobinia punctata 37 spiuosa 37 Tomato 77 Torch, Black CO Tournefortia bicolor 75 fcetidissima 75 gnaphalodes 75 liirsutissima 75 laurifolia 75 mierophylla 75 volubilis 75 Tout-le-mois 112 Tradeseantia discolor 100 genieulata 100 zebrina 100 Tragia volubilis 92 Trianosperrna ticifolium 55 graciliflorum 55 Trianthemamojiogynum 28 Tribulus cistoid.es 37 maximus 37 Tricliilia hirta 30 Triekokena insularis 105 Trilixerueis 25 Tripbasia trifoliata 37 Triumfetta althseoides 32 Lappula 32 rhornboidea 32 semitriloba 32 Trovo 77 Small 77 Trumpet-tree 94 Tshudya berbiceana 53 Tuberose 110 Turkey-berry 77 Turmeric 112 Turnera parvillora 57 ulmifolia 57 TURXEBACE2E 57 Turpentine-tree 40 Typha angustifolia 100 TrriiACE^; 100 TTMBELLIFEKJS • 59 IT vena lobata 30 TJrera baccifera 95 data 95 Til ica elongata 95 TJETIC ACE.E 94 Vandellia diffusa 78 Velvet-leaf 24 Vi ndu bountje 44 Verbena, Lemon-scented 84 Verbena ckarncedrifolia 84 VElt r.E X A ( ' E -E 83 Verbesina alata 05 Vemonia arborescena 02 punctata 62 Thomaj 62 Pa Vervain Vigna lutcola Vinca rosea Vine, Blue VIOLA CEJS Vis, Bonny Bull White , Yitex Agnus-castus divaricata Vitis caribsea Waltheria americana Wandering Jew Water-cress Water-lily Watermelon Waterpanna Wax-flower Wedelia acapulcensis affinis , buphthalmoides . carnosa cmciana discoidea Wbite Ailing - -bark Bean Ccdav Eranehipani Lily Mangrove Manjack Maran Police Prickle Vis Wliite-head-liroom. Wild Black Pepper ( llclTV Coffee Hops Ipecacuana Liquorice Hamey Massambee Mustard. Pea , Pino Salad Tamarind Tanier Tobacco Wonderful Leaf Worm-weed Wreath-plant Mexican Xanthium macrocarpnm. . . Xanthosoma atrovirens hastatum Bagittffifolium . Vam Yellow Cedar Nickars Prickle Sander Verba de Para ge. 83 44 09 44 20 44 35 35 84 84 39 32 100 24 24 50 42 70 G5 05 05 05 05 65 84 34 44 79 C9 109 54 74 90 48 38 35 G4 84 34 01 82 70 43 33 25 24 44 111 GG 48 98 05 58 00 84 88 04 99 99 99 110 79 40 38 38 104 INDEX. 133 Page. Tncca gloriosa — - 109 Zantnoxylum Clava-Herculis 38 fiavuni 38 macrophyllurn 38 Ockroxylurn 38 Zca-Mays 106 Page. Zingiber officinalis „ 112 Zinnia elegans 04 multiflora C4 Zizyphus reticulata . . - 40 Zomia diphylla 42 ZYGOPHTLLACE^ 37 QK 233 .E35Ycr2BO,an'Ca' Garde" Ubrary flen Eggers H F . A./The flora of St. Croix 3 5185 00135 9940