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THE FLOKA
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I
TANICU
OF
ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS,
BY
BA.ROIST H. F. .A. EGGEES.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE,
1879.
^35'
c;2
ADVERTISE M E N T .
This work is the thirteenth of a series of papers intended to illustrate the collections of natural history and ethnology belonging to the United States, and constituting the National Museum, of which the Smithsonian Institution was placed in charge by the act of Congress of August 10, 1SI6.
It has been prepared at the request of the Institution, and printed by authority of the honorable Secretary of the Interior.
SPENCER E. BAIRD, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, May, 1879.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS,
WEST INDIES.
By Baron H. F. A. Eggers.
To the east of the island of Porto Eico, between 18° 5' and 1S° 45' K lat. and 64° 5' and 65° 35' W. long., stretches a dense cluster of some larger and numerous smaller islands for a distance of about 85 miles, which are known by the name of the Virgin Islands. The principal islands are Vieques and Culebra, belonging to Spain, St. Thomas and St. Jan, belongiug to Denmark, and Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and Anegada, belonging to England. The superficial area of the larger islands is only from 1C to 40 square miles, whilst the smaller ones are mostly uninhabited islets, or even rocks, some of which are nearly devoid of vegetation, the coast-line of them all being sinuous, and forming numerous small bays and creeks. The whole group is evidently a submarine prolongation of the mountains of Porto Eico, showing its tops and higher ridges above the level of the sea, the depth of which between the various islands and Porto Eico is only from 6 to 20 fathoms. The declivities to the north and the south of the ridge on the reverse are very steep, no bottom hav- ing been found 25 miles to the south in 2000 fathoms, and 80 miles to the north the Challenger Expedition found a depth of about 3850 fathoms, the greatest ever measured in the northern Atlantic Ocean.
The greatest height in the Archipelago is attained in its central part, St. Thomas reaching up to 1550', Tortola even to 1780', St. Jan and Virgin Gorda being a little lower, whilst the hills in Vieques and Cule- bra, to the west, are only SOO'-GOO' high, and Anegada, the northeastern- most, is, as its Spanish name, the inundated, implies, merely a low or half- submerged island, elevated but a few feet over the level of the sea. The central islands, therefore, present the appearance of a steep ridge, pre- cipitously sloping to the north and the south, and cut up by numerous ravines, which during heavy rains are the beds of small torrents, but which generally are without running water, and which at their lower end widen into small level tracts on the sea-coast, often forming a lagoon on the sandy shore. Between these level tracts the coast is usually very Bull. Fat. Mus. No. 13 1 1
2 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
"bold and rocky, forming abrupt promontories of considerable height and picturesque appearance, the hills and ridges on the other hand being more rounded and of a softer outline.
The whole group of islands, with the exception of Anegada, which is built up of a tertiary limestone of very recent and i)robably pliocene date, belongs to the cretaceous period *showing as the principal rock a breccia of felsite and scoriaceous stones, the cementing part of which probably consists of decomposed hornblende, and having its cavities commonly filled with quartz or calcareous spar. Besides this principal rock, which is often found distinctly stratified, and which is called Bluebit by the inhabitants, who generally employ the stone for building materials, limestone, diorite, clay-slate, and other less frequent minerals also occur in the islands, forming, however, only a poor substratum for vegetation everywhere. For the product of the decomposed rock is generally a red heavy clay. Only Vieques shows a more fertile soil, pro- duced by the alteration of a syenite-like diorite, its more level surface at the same time allowing the fertile strata to remain on the surface; whilst in the other islands the heavy rains as a ride will wash the loose cover- ing of the ground down to the sea.
From various facts observed in Anegada and Virgin Gorda by Sir B. Schomburgk,t as well as by Mr. Scott, in Vieques, at Porto Ferro Bay, it appears that at the present period the whole chain of islands is slowly rising, so that perhaps in a geologically speaking not very distant time most of the islands may become connected reciprocally and wiih Porto Bico.
To the south of the Virgin Islands, at a distance of about 32 miles, and between 17° 40' and 17° 47' N. lat., G4° 35' and G4" 54' W. long., lies the island of St. Croix, geographically considered an outlying part of the former group, but separated from it by an immense chasm of more than 2000 fathoms, as stated above. This extraordinary crevice has no doubt been formed at an early period, and has in various respects contributed materially to isolating the island from its neighbours.
St. Croix is of about 57 square miles, and has a triangular form, with the
greatest length, some 20 miles, from east to west, the greatest breadth
being about 5 miles, in the western part of the island, which becomes
gradually narrower towards the east. The coast-line is more connected
and the surface more level than in most of the Virgin Islands, the hills
stretching only along the northern coast and through the eastern part of
*Cleve: On the Geology of the North-eastern West India Islands. Stockholm, 1871. tJierghans: Ahuanach fur das Jahr 1837, pp. 405 and 408.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 3
the island, reaching in some places as high as 1150' (Mount Eagle), but averaging GOO'-SOO' only.
The rock of these hills is nearly the same as in the above-named group, although the Bluebit of this latter occurs more rarely, and is sub- stituted by a fine, greyish, stratified clay-slate, without vestiges of any organic remains. The strata of this slate are often very much disturbed, so as to present an exceedingly broken and overturned appearance. The greater, western part of the island forms a large, slightly inclined plain, sloping towards the south, and interrupted in a few places by low, short, isolated ridges only 200'-30G' high, and formed of a tertiary lime- stone of the miocene period. This limestone is covered by a layer of detritus and marls some feet thick, but shows itself at the surface in various places, and contains several fossils, partly of still existing species of inollusca.
Along the coasts are found some new alluvial formations, often enclos- ing lagoons, some of which are of considerable size. These lagoons are being gradually filled up by vegetable matter, as well as by sand and stones washed down by the rains from the hills; but whilst in the Virgin Islands many similar lagoons have been raised already several feet above the level of the sea, and laid completely dry, no such thing has been observed in St. Croix. This seems to indicate that no rising of the ground is taking place in the latter, as is the case in the former, as mentioned above. From its whole structure and formation it may be inferred that the soil is more fertile in St. Croix than in most of the Virgin Islands, Vieques excepted, the sugar-cane being cultivated to a considerable ex- tent on the island.
Whilst thus the geology of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands presents some not unimportant differences, the climate may, on account of their similar geographical position,, as well as elevation above the sea-level, be said to be materially the same in both.
In accordance with the geographical position of the islands, the tempera- ture is very constant and high, the yearly mean average being 27.2° C, divided nearly equally over all the months, the coldest, February, show- ing 25.6°, the warmest, September, 28.9°, a difference of 3.3° only. The same uniformity is observed in the daily variation, which scarcely ever surpasses 5°, the thermometer rising gradually from 6 a. m. till 2 p. in., and falling just as gradually during the rest of the 24 hours.
Thus the difference of temperature at the various seasons of the year is too small to affect the life of vegetation to any very perceptible ex
4 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
tent, and it is therefore the variable degree of moisture at different times which chiefly produces any variation in the development of vegetable life at the different seasons.
The lowest temperature observed at the sea-level, in the shade, is 18.1°; the highest, 35.5°. In the sun, the mercury will sometimes rise as high as 51°, but as a rule does not surpass 40°. Observations made in St. Thomas by Knox * and myself show a decrease of about 2° for an eleva- tion of every 800', which gives to the highest ridges in St. Thomas and Tortola an annual mean temperature 3£°-4° lower than that of the coast, a difference sufficient to produce some variation in the flora of these parts. The northern slope of the hills, from being the greater part of the year, viz, from August to May, less exposed to the rays of the sun, are generally also somewhat cooler and more moist than the southern ones, the consequences whereof are also felt in the life of plants to a con- siderable extent.
An equal regularity, as observed in the temperature, manifests itself with regard to the pressure of the atmosphere, the daily variations of the barometer being only about 0.05", and the maximum yearly differ- ence only 0.2". It is only during strong gales and hurricanes that the barometer is more seriously affected, it then falling sometimes as much as 2". These hurricanes, as a rule, occur only during the months from August to October, at which period the trade- winds from the northeast, which otherwise blow most part of the year, generally become unsteady and uncertain. These -constant winds, combined with the high tempera- ture, no doubt are the reason why the moisture of the air is compara- tively small, being on an average only 73 per cent, of the possible maxi- mum, thus exciting a constant evaporation in plants, and rendering it necessary for them to obtain a greater supply of water through -the soil than in more moist climates. For this reason a considerable quantity of rain becomes of the highest importance to the vegetable life, as being the only form in which plants can obtain a sufficient amount of water neces- sary to their existence, even dew being very rare on account of the trade- winds blowing also during the night the greater part of the year.
Neither of the islands in question is of sufficient elevation above the sea to cool and condense the atmospheric moisture brought on by the trade-wind, nor is their configuration favourable for detaining the clouds, their greatest extent being parallel to the direction of the wind. Tims, for the greater part of the year they receive only a small quantity of
Kuox : An Historical Account of St. Thomas, W. I. (New York, 18f2.)
FLORA OF ST. CEOIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 5
rain, falling chiefly in the form of short, rapid showers of only a few minutes' duration, and it is not till the warmer part of the year that heavy and general rains become possible in these regions. During this latter time, the trade-winds become irregular and slight, or are even entirely suspended, as stated before; hence the moisture generated by the daily evaporation from the ocean is not carried off as soon as formed, but is allowed to gather into rain-clouds, and finally to precipitate itself again as rain nearly on the same spot where it was formed.
From observations made in various islands for a period of more than twenty-five years, the ajmual mean quantity of rain seems to be about the same in all the islands, averaging 42"-44"; the eastern parts of all, as being more exposed to the direct action of the winds, always show- ing a considerably smaller quantity than the central and western ones.
Although no month of the year is without rain, yet from the above it will be easily concluded that there is a remarkable difference between the various months in this respect: the driest, February, having only an average of 1.5"; the wettest, October, of 1.0"; and to this difference, at the various periods of the year, it is chiefly due, that notwithstanding the uniform temperature all the year round, yet some variations in the aspect and intensity of vegetable life are observed in the various sea- sons.
Both the annual and the monthly quantity of rain are subject to vary considerably, one year showing 23", or in some places 18" only, another again 70" or 78". A still greater difference may be observed between the same months of different years : thus, February having had one year 0.19" only, another, on the contrary, 3.75"; May 0.47" the one year and 1G.81" the other. These excessive variations must, no doubt, materially affect vegetable life, indicating at the same time a considerable degree of hardiness in respect to drought in the perennial plants indigenous to the islands, and as alluded to above, acting upon them in a similar way as the variations in temperature in colder climates.
The number of days on which rain falls averages for the period from 1852-73, 161 a year, giving a mean fall of rain of 0.27" per diem : April showing the lowest nuuber, 9 ; October the highest, 16.- From what has been said before, it is evident, however, that the small monthly quantity of rain during the dry part of the year, viz, January to April, divided even over a great number of days (so as to amount to 0.11" or 0.18" only a day), can be of no great importance, as it is precipitated in a short shower, is insufficient for penetrating into the soil, and so is very soon
6 FLOEA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
evaporated again by the action of the sun and the trade-wind combined. It is not till May, when the increased quantity of rain is sufficient to penetrate the parched soil, that its influence and effect upon vegetation makes itself felt by renewed life and activity in all the various branches of the vegetable kingdom in general.
Looking at the vegetation of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands in its generality, and without entering into details, we may consider it to be identical, as a whole, showing the same main features, and naturally divided into four distinct formations, as in most other West India Islands, viz. the littoral, the shrubby, the sylvan, and the region of cultivation, connected, of course, here and there by intermediate forma- tions, but on the whole virtually distinct from different biological con- ditions.
Beginning with the littoral flora, we find along the coast in shallow water a* multitude of Alga3, among which are found some marine Phane- rogainse, especially the common Thalassia testudinum and Cymodocca manatorum, and in less quantity the beautiful little HalopMla BaiUonii, a recently discovered Potamea, with oval delicate leaves, and growing gregariously on the bottom of the sea in coarse gravel. The vegetation of tropical seashores is of a very uniform character all over the world, the physical conditions being similar on them all, and the migration from one shore to another being exceedingly facilitated by the sea as well as by birds, storms, and the action and intercourse of the inhab- itants. Thus, the same species of littoral plants are found on nearly all the West India islands, many of them also inhabitants of far distant shores on the African and Asiatic continents, — belonging to the cosmo- politan and transoceanic species, a list of which was first prepared by Eobert Brown, and afterwards augmented by A. DeCandolle, and which seem to possess an extraordinary faculty for migration. According to the different character of the coast, as sandy, rocky, or swampy, the vegetation on it also assumes a different aspect.
On the sandy shore, which is composed of a fine white gravel, con- sisting principally of innumerable pieces of broken shells and corals, and thus forming a thick layer of carbonate of lime, we see a luxurious flora of trees, shrubs, and minor plants, which all, on account of the underground water collecting from the hills above, generally have a green appearance all the year round, even when the hills of the interior present a withered aspect from want of rain. Among the trees grow- ing here the most prominent are the Hippomane Maneinclla, the Cocco-
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 7
loba iirifera, Chrysobalanus Icaco, and Canella alba, besides the Cocos nucifera, which is planted and naturalized, especially on the low sandy seashore. Under these taller forms appear many kinds of shrubs, such as Ecastopliyllum Brownei, Toumefortia gnaphalodes, Borricliia arbores- cens, Ernodea litoralis, Suriana maritima, Erithalis fruticosa, Colubrina ferruginosa, Guilandina Bonduc and Bonducella, and several others. Still lower shrubs and suffrutescent herbs are Sccevola Plumieri, Tournc- fortia gnaphalodes, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Heliotropium curassavicum, Philoxcrus vermiculatus, CaJcile ccqualis, as well as several grasses and sedges, as Sporobulus litoralis, Stenotaphrum americanum, and Cyperus brunneus, as also some remarkable creepers or climbers, such as Iponum pes-caprcv and Lablab vulgaris.
Most of these species disappear on the rocky cliffs, where they give room for others, mostly shrubs of a low growth, and with thicker or more coriaceous leaves, that are able to resist the force of the wind, which often bends the whole plant into a dwarfish individual, the branches of which are cut off at the top in a western direction. The most common of these shrubs are Jacquinia annularis, Elccodendron xylocarpum, Plumieria alba, and Coccoloba punctata, as well as some monocotyledonous plants, such as Pltcairnia angustifolia, Agave ameri- cana, and a few Cacti, principally the stout Melocactus communis.
Still more different forms appear where the coast becomes swampy from the presence of lagoons. Here predominates the Mangrove forma- tion, composed chiefly of Laguncularia racemosa, Gonocarpus erectus, Avi- cennia nitida, and Rhizophora Mangle, which all grow more or less in the water itself. In less moist places we find some others, such as Bucida Buceras, Anona palustris, Antherylium BoJirii, and the curious Batis ma- ritima, which recalls to the mind the halophytes of the steppes.
However different these various forms of littoral plants may appear, compared to each other, yet they all have in common the predilection for the sea, the saline exhalation of which seems indispensable to their growth. Some have even, like Avicennia, their leaves always covered with small salt crystals ; others, like Batis maritima, are true halophytes, and only very few of the plants of the coast in generality are found in the interior even of these small islands. An exception is made by the cocoa- nut palm, which is found growing all about on the islands, even on the top of the highest hills, as also by Coccoloba uvifera, found in similar localities.
In passing from the coast into the interior we find on the eastern, and
8 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
partly also on the southern part of all the islands, a dry shrubby vege- tation of a greyish or yellowish aspect, which, from the predominating genus composing its elements, I have called the Croton vegetation. This peculiar kind of dry shrub also occurs here and there in other parts of the islands, where the soil, through reckless cultivation, has become too exhausted to produce a growth of taller trees, and it cannot be estimated to cover less than one third part of the whole surface of the islands, pre- dominating in some, as Tortola, St. Thomas, and Culebra, less conspicu- ous in others, as St. Jan, Vieques, and St. Croix.
The ravines as well as the northern and western parts of the islands are often covered with a growth of taller trees, forming a kind of forest, composed of species partly evergreen and partly with deciduous foliage, and which, from one of the most prominent forms, I have called the Erio- dendron vegetation. The area covered by this formation may be taken to be about one fifth of the whole surface, the best wooded islands being St. Jan and Vieques, the least wooded ones St. Thomas and Virgin Gorda.
The remainder of the surface is either used for x^asture or cultivated with sugar-cane or provisions, the former on a large scale in St. Croix and Vieques only, the latter everywhere on the islands where the soil seems proper for the purpose. This last section I term the cultivated region.
Considering first the Croton vegetation, we find here a number of plants which in various ways have become enabled to resist the deteriorating effects of the dry climate, and to exist on the barren rocky soil always found where the moisture is not sufficient for decomposing the natural rock of the surface. Thus, some of these plants, as the whole of the genus Croton, already mentioned above, have small leaves, which, like the stem, are covered with scales and tomentose hair, containing besides aromatic oil, all which contrivances tend to diminish evaporation as much as possible. The most common species of this remarkable genus are G. flavus, astroiteSj bicolor, and betulinus. Other forms obtain the same object by having very small, partly deciduous leaves and their stipules transformed into prickles, especially the Acaciae, such as A. Farnesiana, macracantha, tortuosa, and sarmentosa. Others, again, are rich in milky juice, as Euphorbia petiolaris, Bauwolfia Lamarclcii, and the naturalized Galotropis procera, or merely in aqueous sap, as the Cactea?, the common- est forms of which are Melocactus communis, Gcrcus floccosus, and several species of Opuntia. Others, such as Bromeliaceae, on the contrary, have
FLORA. OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 9
a very dry structure, and a dense cover of scales for protection, whilst others again, such as Anona squamosa, which are apparently without any means to resist the effects of dry weather, have no other remedy left than to shed their leaves during a part of the year, and thus preserve their existence at the temporary sacrifice of their vegetative organs.
All the forms mentioned above are of very slow growth, and, with the excex)tion of a few that are used for burning charcoal, of scarcely any importance either to man or animals, for which reason the districts oc- cupied by them as a rule present a very desolate and uninviting appear- ance.
"Where the climate becomes sufficiently moist, and the soil in conse- quence thereof more decomposed and fertile, the forest appears in place of the Croton vegetation, on the uncultivated lands, especially in ravines and on steep declivities, which do not allow of cultivation or grass- farming. As nearly everywhere in the tropics, the forest here is com- posed of many different species of trees mixed together, a gregarious growth being very rare. From the forests of moister tropical countries, however, the woods in these islands are distinguished by possessing a quantity of forms with thin, herbaceous leaves, which for this reason shed their foliage during a part of the year, thus combining the appear- ance of the woods of colder climates with the dark evergreen forms of the intertropical countries. Some of these species with deciduous foliage have two periods for flowering: one precocious in the first months of the year, when the small quantity of rain seems insufficient to produce both leaves and flowers at a time, and another later in the year, when both foliage and blossoms are vigorously developed by the increased moisture of the summer. The evergreens for the same reason have a less fixed and more unlimited time for flowering, and seem to show their reproductive organs whenever the quantity of rain becomes sufficient for producing them besides maintaining the already existing foliage. Among the great variety of evergreen forms of trees and shrubs, I shall here only mention as the most common several species of Anona; of Guttiferae, such as Calopkyllum Calaba and Clusia rosea; of Sapotaceae, such as Sideroxylon, Chrysophyllum, Lucuma, and Di- pholis ; of Kutacese, as Zanthoxylum and Tobinia ; of Lauraceae, as oS.ec- tandra and Oreodoxylon, as well as many others, for the details of which I beg to refer to the systematical part of my treatise. Others are pos- sessed of aerial roots by which to affix themselves to the stems of trees and rocks, as several species of Ficus ; others again are vines, such as Bignonia, Serjania, Gouania, and Cissus.
10 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
Interspersed between these evergreens are seen various species of arboreous plants with deciduous leaves, the number of which, however, seldom is large enough to seriously change the general aspect of the forest as being uniformly green all the year round. The time for shed- ding their foliage in these forms is generally from January to April, most of them, as stated before, flowering precociously at this time, as the moisture in the ground is not sufficient to allow them to retain their foliage together with the producing of the flowers. It appears evident that this is the reason for the shedding of the leaves, from the fact ob- served by me in several species (such as Piscidia JErytlirina and others), that individuals which, from being too young or for some other reason, do not flower, do not shed their foliage, but evidently find moisture enough in the soil to resist the drought, not having to spend their resources on the production of flowers and fruits, as others of their kind.
The most prominent among the trees and shrubs with a deciduous foliage are Spondias lutea, Schmidelia occidentalism the enormous Erio- dendron anfractuosum. Sura crepitans, Caseariaramiflora, Sabineaflorida, and several others, which all more than the evergreens contribute their share to the forming of a layer of leaf-mould under the taller forms. Yet this layer is but scanty in most places, and from the want of it, as well as from the dense shade produced by the evergreen trees and shrubs, the minor forms covering the ground are comparatively scarce, and chiefly confined to some Piperacese, Acanthacese, and Graminese, as well as a few ferns and mosses, among which Hemionitis palmata, Pteris pedata, and Asplenium pusillum are the most common.
A somewhat richer variety is presented by the numerous epiphytes that cover the branches and stems of trees and shrubs, notwithstanding that the bark of the latter, from the uniform temperature, is, as a rule, exceedingly smooth, and but rarely covered with lichens or mosses. Of real parasites only a few are met with, especially Lorantlius emarginatus, whilst the non -parasitical epiphytes are numerously represented by Bromeliacese (principally the genus Tillandsia), Aroidere (among them the large-leaved PMlodendron giganteum), and Orchidaceae (chiefly Epi- dendrums and Oncidiums) , as well as some ferns. Of these latter families, several species are found only on the highest ridges of the islands, at an elevation of over 1300', there forming a formation peculiar to these regions, comprisiug, among others, some terrestrial Orchids, such as Habenaria maculosa and alata, as well as some Aroideoe, Bromeliacere, and ferns, among which the beautiful Cyathca arborea deserves special mention.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 11
The part of the island inhabited and cultivated by man of course rep- resents the least of interest in a phyto-geographical sense, as nature here has been modified and modelled according to the wishes and necessity of society to such an extent as to almost entirely obliterate its original character. As stated already, the principal object of cultivation is the sugar-cane, which, however, is cultivated on a large scale only in the two largest and most level of the islands, Vieques and St. Croix, the others, viz. St. Thomas, St. Jan, Tortola, and Virgin Gorda, having, with a few exceptions, long ago abandoned the cultivation of the cane as unremunerative, the two remaining of the larger islands, Culebra and Anegada, never having been appropriated to that purpose.
Besides the cane, some Sorghum virfgare is also cultivated in fields for herbage, the rest of the tilled soil being used for the planting of the common tropical vegetables, generally in small quantities, on patches of soil selected here and there. The commonest of these plants are Yam (Dioscorea alata and altissima), Sweet Potato (Ipomcea Batatas), Okro (Abelmoschus esculcntus), Tanier (Xanthosoma sagitt(vfolium), Pigeon-pea (Cytisus Cajan), Tomato, and Pepper (Capsicum), as well as some Cucur- bitacese, %s Pumpkin, Melon, and others.
Along with these useful plants follow a great number of herbaceous annuals, mostly cosmopolitan weeds, introduced after the settlement of the islands, and dependent on the continuous cultivation of the land, as without the clearing of the soil from shrubs and trees their existence would soon be terminated by the stronger arboreous species, which would deprive them of the necessary light and air.
Thus, much against his wish, man favours the propagation of innu- merable weeds, which in their short period of vegetation produce seeds enough to secure their continuance on the land notwithstanding the efforts to exterminate them by frequent weeding. Among the com- monest of these forms are some Labiatoe (Leonurus sibiricus, Leonotis nepetafolia, and Leucas martinicensis), Argemone mexicana, Tribulus max- imuSj Boerhaavia erecta and paniculata, and especially many grasses and sedges, such, as Panicum, Paspalum, Chloris, Digitaria, Cyperus, and others. The most troublesome of these, from an agricultural point of view, is the Bay-grass (Cynodon Bactylon), said to be introduced, but now found everywhere, and, on account of its long creeping rhizoma, inexterminable.
Similar forms to these are seen growing along roads and ditches, espe- cially some Leguminosse, as Crotalaria, Desmodium, Phaseolus, Clitoria,
12 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
Centroserna, Terainnus, Vigna, Rhynchosia, and others; grasses, as Lap- pago, Aristida, Sporobolus, Eleusine, Dactyloctenium, and Eragrostis ; or Synanthereoe, as Elephantopus, Distreptus, Eidens, and Pectis. Whilst all these latter forms flower daring the greater part of the year, the beau- tiful Convolvulacese, such as Ipomcea fastigiata, Nil, umbellata, dissecta, violacea, and others, are in blossom only during the winter months, from December to February.
In some places that are moist enough, sedges and semi-aquatic plants will be seen growing ; in a few rivulets which contain water all the year round, and which are limited to Vieques and St. Croix, a few aquatic forins occur, such as Ecliinodorus cordifolius, Lemna minor, Typlia an- gustifolia, and Nymphcea ampla.
The pastures, which occupy a considerable extent of the land, are either artificial, — planted with Guinea-grass (Panicum maximum), a jierennial plant, and, like most of the cultivated West India plants, in- troduced from the Old World, — or natural, covered with various forms of indigenous Graininese as well as low shrubs and trees, that have con- tinually to be cleared away to prevent the land becoming overrun by them. The artificial pastures as a rule are fenced in, and often protected against the dry season by the planting of Thibet-trees (Acacia Lebbcl),now commonly naturalized everywhere; the natural ones, on the contrary, are generally open and abandoned to the cattle, whilst the artificial oues are cut regularly, and the stock is not allowed to enter them.
The grasses composing the natural pastures are several species of Pa- nicum, Paspalum, Dactyloctenium, and Sporobolus; some, as Tricholccna insularis, being very bitter and unfit for herbage. The roaming about of the cattle everywhere effectually prevents the re-establishment of trees or woods, which, for climatic reasons, would be desirable in many places; for the young buds are destroyed by sheep and goats, which no doubt have contributed largely to deteriorating even the still existing woods.
Around dwellings are found planted and naturalized most of the plants now common to nearly all tropical countries, — some fruit-bearing, as Tamarindus indica, Mangifera indica, Carica Papaga, Persea gratissima, Crescentia Cujcte, Melicocca bijuga; others ornamental, as Poinciana rcgia, CalUandra saurian, Casalpinia pulchcrrima, and others Actual gardens are now very rare, flowers being mostly cultivated in pots or boxes. Some few vegetables of colder clmiates are cultivated in shady places where water is abundant, such as salad, radishes, cabbage, and others.
In waste places are found most of the tropical weeds, as Ricimts com-
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND TEE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 13
munis, Datura Metel and Stramonium, Euphorbia pilulifera, heterophylla, and hyper ieifolia, Mirabilis jalapa, Jatropha curcns, Cassia occidentalis, and especially several kinds of Sida and Abutilon as well as some other Malvaceae.
The four formations mentioned above are usually found only on the larger islands, the smaller ones, from their limited size, generally pos- sessing chiefly the littoral and shrubby only. The island of Anegada, although being one of the larger ones, yet from its structure and the nature of its soil, seems to be chiefly covered by a vegetation composed of the plants of the sandy shore, besides some of the trees and shrubs following the settlement of man in these regions.^ Sir E. Schomburgk, who has given a description of the island in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 1832, asserts that the island possesses several in- teresting species of plants, among others a'peculiar kind of Croton. As, however, I have not been able to procure the work referred to above, I am not prepared to say which those species are, and they are not men- tioned by Prof. Grisebach in his Flora of the British West India Islands.
Although, as stated above, the general character of the flora both in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, considered as a whole, is essentially the same and distinctly West Indian, yet, in looking more closely into details, we are soon struck by finding a great many species in the one which are not found in the other. This is the more remarkable, as from a geographical and climatical point of view the physical condi- tions must be said to be materially identical.
In referring to the list of plants given at the end of my treatise it will be seen that out of a number of 881 indigenous phanerogamous species no less than 215, or c, ^, are found in the Virgin Islands only, whilst 98, or about ^, occur only in St. Croix, thus leaving only 5G8, or less than |, in common to both.
As may be expected from the general character of littoral vegetation, there are very few species which are not found on both sides of the deep channel separating St. Croix from its northern neighbours, the principal exception being Baeeharis dioica, which only occurs in St. Croix, and Egletcs DomWgcnsis, found by me only in the Virgin Islands.
Some greater difference is found in the dry shrubby formation, where several very common plants, such as Euphorbia petiolaris, Acacia sar- mcntosa, Mamillaria nivosa, and others, are to be seen in the Virgin Isl- ands only, St. Croix having to itself a few less common species, such as Sceurmega acidothamnus and Castela crecta.
14 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
It is, however, in the forest vegetation, which best represents the original flora of the islands, that the greatest and most varied differ- ences are observed, showing especially the great variety of species in the Virgin Islands which are not all found in St. Croix, and among which are many of the commonest and most generally distributed forms. Belonging to St. Croix alone are comparatively few and rare species, chiefly some Bhainnaceoe, viz, Maytenus elceodendroides and Zi.typhns reticidatus, Catesbceaparviflora, Beloperone nemorosa, Petitia Domingensis, Buxus Vahlii, and Urera data. All these forms occur only in a few localities, and are of no importance to the general character of vegeta- tion, as is the case on the Virgin Islands with many of the following species that are found on them, but not in St. Croix. It would be too much to mention all the different species here, for which I beg to refej: to the appended list and tabular statement. I shall only enumerate a few of the most interesting, especially Malpighiacere (as Byrsonima lucida, Malpigliia Cnida and angusti folia), Butacece (Pilocarpus racemo- sus, Tobinia spinosa, Xantlwxylum ochroxylum), Legumiuosse (Sabinea ftorida, Pictetia aristata, Scsbania serkea, nnd^Acacia nudiflora), and Sapotacese (Sapota Sideroxylon). Among Monocotyledones are to be mentioned Arthrostylidium capiUifolium, RhyncJwspora pusilla, Bioscorea pilosiuscida, Catopsis nutans, and several Orchids. Several of these plants grow more or less gregariously, thus becoming characteristical to the formation. Among these are Malpigliia Cnida, Bcynosia latifolia, Acacia nudijlora, Sabinea Jlorida, and several species of Pilea, most of them being very common, and even generally used for domestic pur- poses.
Besides these species, entirely wanting in St. Croix, the Virgin Islands possess several that are very common, or at least not uncommon on them, but which occur but very rarely in St. Croix, such as ThHnax argentea, Bondclctia pilosa, Faramea odoratissima, Miconia angusti folia, Mimosa Ceratonia, and others, and most of which I have not found my- self in the latter island, but only found labelled with St. Croix as habitat in the Copenhagen herbarium, so that an error in some cases at least may be not at all impossible.
However great are the differences in the flora on the Jwo groups of islands, yet this interesting fact is not due to their possessing endemic species, as all the plants known as growing on them are also found in other West India islands, especially Porto Bico, whence the vegetation of both the Virgin Islands and St. Croix seems to be derived. Thus it
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 15
is mainly to different periods of immigration under varied physical conditions that we must ascribe the remarkable discrepancies in the flora of those apparently homogeneous islands. Some few species, it is true, are indeed given in my list as having been found only in the Vir- gin Islands, such as a few Cactese, Vernonia Thomw, and the new species described by me on the present occasion. But as long as Porto Eico, Hayti, and even Cuba, are still insufficiently explored, it may very well remain doubtful whether those species do not also occur in one or sev- eral of them, just as several Cuban plants, described as endemical in that island by Prof. Grisebach, have been found by me to occur not at all unfrequently in the Virgin Islands and St. Croix, such as Arthrosty- Helium cwpillifolium, Reynosia latifolia, and R. mucronata.
It may thus be confidently asserted that both the groups in question have derived their stock of plants from the neighbouring larger island of Porto Eico. The question that remains to be solved is merely why have they not all received the same species, and particularly why is it that St. Croix, although the largest of all, has received a comparatively and absolutely much less number of species than for instance the far smaller St. Thomas?
For the explanation of these interesting facts we have no doubt to look to the geological history of the islands, as the conditions for immi- gration over sea, even if possible to all the species, are essentially the same in both groups, and therefore give no solution of the problem in question.
I am thus led to think that at a former period all the West India islands have been connected mutually, and perhaps with a part of the American continent also, during which time the plants in common to all the islands, as well as to the West Indies and the continent, have expanded themselves over their present geographical areas, at least as far as they are not possessed of particular faculties for emigration over the sea. By a subsequent volcanic revolution, St. Croix, as well as many of the other islands, has thereafter been separated from Porto Eico and the Virgin Islands, and put into its present isolated position, which it seems to have retained ever since, whflst the latter group of islands has either still for a long period remained in connection with Porto Eico, or, if separated at the same time from it as St. Croix, has, by another revolution, been again connected with the former.
The plants now found in the Virgin Group, but not occurring in St. Croix, would thus have immigrated into the former from Porto Eico
16 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
after the separation of St. Croix from the latter, and immigration would finally have eeased by the separation between them, as it exists at the present period. Thus, the plants found in the Virgin Islands, but not in St. Croix, would seem to have been more recently created in the probable centre of vegetation, Porto Eico, or some other of the larger An- tilles ; the endemic ones, as in the other islands also, being the youngest of all, not having been formed till after the complete separation between the islands had been effected. This latter suggestion, which perhaps seems contradictory to the general accepted theory of considering the endemic forms on oceanic isles as the remnants of the oldest original vegetation,* appears to be confirmed by the fact that even on such recent formations as the Bahamas, which have as yet been but imper- fectly explored, already no less than eighteen endemic species have been discovered.!
The supposition that the islands may have been separated from the beginning, and have received their floras through immigration over the sea, is sufficiently confuted, partly by the great number of species com- mon to them all, which clearly indicates the connection in former times with a larger country, partly by the circumstance that most of the spe- cies common to the islands are in no way better adapted for migration over the water than those peculiar to the Virgin Islands only ; in fact, but few of them apparently possess the faculty of crossing salt-water even for a limited distance.
Supposing the theory of a prolonged or oftener repeated connection between Porto Eico and the Virgin Islands to be correct, it remains still to explain how St. Croix can have obtained a number of species which do not occur in the latter group. A few of these species, viz, Castela erecta, Maytenus elcvodenclroides, Zizyphus reticulatus, Anthacan- thus jamaicensiSj and Buxus Yalilii, occur in St. Croix on the tertiary limestone only, and seem thus to have avoided the Virgin Islands as not finding there the substratum suited to their organisation. The greater part, however, might, for all apparent reasons, as well occur in the Virgin group as in St. Croix, and their absence in the former cannot be explained in this way. It must, however, be understood that whilst my investigation of St. Croix has been thorough, and carried on for several years, my exploration of the Virgin Islands has been so for only a part of them, especially the Danish ones, my collections from the
* Hooker : On Insular Floras.
t Griseb. : Geogr. Verbr. tier Pfl. Westindiens, p. 55.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 17
others being only imperfect. Without expecting too much from this circumstance, yet I feel confident that not few of the St. Croix plants, apparently wanting in the Virgin group, may, by closer research, still be discovered growing there on some of them, whilst, on the other hand, I am equally confident that none, or scarcely any, of the Virgin Islands7 species wanting in St. Croix will be found in the latter island.
It may furthermore be observed that scarcely any of the St. Croix species which I have given as being absent from the Virgin group are common or widely distributed over the island, and so are not possessed of any great faculty for conquering ground in the struggle for exist- ence, for which reason some of them may not have been able to gain admission on the much smaller surface of the Virgin Islands, or, having obtained a footing, they may have lost it again by the later immigra- tion of other species, now peculiar to the group compared with St. Croix, many of which, as will be remembered, are gregarious, and gifted with great facility for expanding themselves.
A very few species form an exception as to the limited distribution in St. Croix, Bacliaris Valilii, Cordia alba, and JEgipMla martinicensis, oc- curring rather frequently in the island, but having as yet not been found at all in the Virgin group, although they occur in several others of the West India islands. I am not prepared to give a satisfactory explana- tion of this fact at the present moment; but such isolated exceptions will no doubt always be met with in the explanation of general phenomena,, and most probably a more thorough investigation of vegetable biology will at a future day afford a satisfactory explanation of such appar- ently inconsistent facts.
In drawing the necessary consequences of the above stated theory for explaining the geographical distribution of vegetable species in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, it would thus appear necessary to conclude, for instance, from the occurrence of Sabinea florida both in Porto Eico, the Virgin Islands, and Dominica, but not in St. Croix, that the first-named islands were still all connected, when the latter had already been sep- arated from them and put into its present isolated position. A similar inference might be drawn from the distribution of Malpighia Cnida, whilst the occurrence of Acacia nudiflora would seem to prove a simi- lar thing for Hayti, Porto Eico, and Antigua.
It can, therefore, scarcely be presumed, as done by Prof. Grisebach in his Geogr. Verbreitung der Pfl. Westmdiens, that the distribution of species is regulated chiefly by geographical distances. A closer in- vestigation of the flora of the various islands no doubt will confirm the Bull. Nat. Mas. No. 13 2
18 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
theory drawn from the facts observed in regard to the mutual relation between St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, that geological revolutions have been equally or perhaps even more powerfully influential in arrang- ing the distribution of species than the greater or smaller distance, and the similarity of physical conditions.
A full knowledge of these interesting facts can, however, not be ex- pected till a more thorough exploration of all the West India islands has taken place. Few of them are as yet tolerably well known, and it is therefore earnestly to be hoped that such an exploration of all the West Indies may soon be effected, the result of which will no doubt be of the highest importance both to botany and to all other branches of natural science.
It generally requires the accumulated study and knowledge of gener- ations before the less palpable and more delicate, but often most impor- tant, facts in natural history can be explained : the West Indies have been comparatively well studied since the middle of the last century ; and it would seem well now to follow up the work in order to complete a thorough investigation, which might be used as a basis for the ex- planation of similar facts observed in other and less well known parts of the world.
The flora of the Virgin Islands and St. Croix has been studied by several botanists, some of whom have published the results of their re- search, which has, however, among the former group, been chiefly con- fined to the Danish islands, the English and particularly the Spanish ones having as yet been only imperfectly explored.
Publications on the flora of these islands are given by West in his Description of St. Croix (Copenhagen, 1793); Schlechtendal, Florula Ius. St. Thomce, in Linnrea, 182S-31 and 1834; and Eggers, Flora of St. Croix, in the Vidensk. Medd. fra Naturhist. Forening (Copenhagen, 1876) besides minor contributions in Vahl's Eclogre Americans, Symbols Bo- tanies, and Enumeratio Plantarum, Krebs in Naturh. Tidsskrift, 1817, on the flora of St. Thomas, De Candolle's Prodromus, and Grisebaeh's Flora of the British West India Islands. This latter work, no doubt from want of material, scarcely ever mentions the British Virgin Islands.
Collections of plants from the islands in question are found chiefly in the Museum of the Botanical Garden in Copenhagen, as well as scat- tered in other European herbaria, collected principally by v. Eolir, West, Dr. Evan, Ledru, liiedle, L'Herminier in the past century, by Benzon, Wahlmann, Ehrenberg, Dr. Ravn, Dr. Ilornbeek, Duchassaim:. Sehom- buigk. Pice, Wydler, Orsted, Krebs, and Eggers in the present.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 19
The following list of plants from St. Croix and the Virgin Islands formed on my own collections and the publications or collections of other botanists, comprises 1013* species of phanerogamous and vascular cryp- togamous plants, of which 881 are indigenous and 132 naturalized, those merely cultivated being added in brackets after each family.
In determining the species I have, besides consulting the more im- portant general systematical works on botany, as much as possible fol- lowed Prof. Grisebach's standard work on the Flora of the British West India Islands, to which I therefore beg to refer when no other authority is given. Synonymes and references to other authors are given only where it was thought desirable to supplement the Flora of Grisebach in this respect.
To the specific names of plants I have added only such statements as are not given in Grisebach's work, — as local name, time for flowering, technical use, as well as descriptive remarks, where my own observation shows a difference from the description given in the flora mentioned above.
In referring to Schlechtendal, or the herbarium of the Copenhagen Museum, I have used the abbreviations Schl. and Hb. Havn.; in quoting West or Schlechtendal, their respective works on St. Croix and St. Thomas, mentioned above, are understood to be referred to.
Special localities for habitats are given only where a plant is rare, or at all events uncommon ; otherwise the island alone is mentioned.
The expression, "All islands," is meant to imply that the species is found both in St. Croix and the Virgin group, without necessarily mean- ing to say that it occurs in every island of the latter.
In summing up the statistical results from my list of species, nearly the same conclusions with regard to the most numerous families are arrived at as those given in Prof. Grisebach's Geogr. Verbr. der Pflanzen Westindiens, p. 73, for the Caribbean Islands.
The proportion between Mono- and Dicotyledonous plants indigenous and naturalized is 1 : 5.8, in the indigenous ones alone 1 : 4.9, thus show; ing the plurality of the recently introduced plants to have been Dicoty- ledonous. The proportion mentioned in the plants indigenous to the islands is somewhat lower than stated by Grisebach, as cited above, to be the rule in the West Indies, where it is given as 1 : 4, indicating, no doubt, that the climate of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands is less moist than that of the West Indies in general.
* Do Candolle (Geogr. Bot. p. 1274) gives to St. Thomas as the probable number of Phanerogama only 450 ; but my list shows about 900.
20
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
Table showing the distribution of the Indigenous Species of Phancrogamce and Cryptogomce Yasculares in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands.
Dilleniaceas
Anonaceae
Henispennaceae. .
Nymphaeaceae
Papaveraceas
Cruciferae
Capparidaceae
Bixaceas
Violaceae
Polygalacese
Caryopbyllaceae. . .
Malvaceae
Bombaceae
Biittneriaceae
Tiliaceae
TernstromiaceaB . .
Guttiferae
Canellaceae
Erythrosylacoae .
Malpigbiaceae
Sapindaceae
Meliaceas
Oxalidaceae
Zygopbyllaceae ...
Rutaceaa
Olacaceas
Ainpelideae
Celastraceae
Rbamnaeeae
Terebintbaceae...
Leguiuinosae ,
CbrysobalanaceaB
Myrtacesa ,
Melastoiuaceee . . .
Lythrariaceae
Onagraceae
Bbizophoraceae . . ,
CombretaceaB
Cucurbitaccae
BapayacoaB
Fassifloraceas
Turneraceao
Cactacero
Araliaceae
Umbi'lliferaB
Loranthacess
Rubiacero
Bynanthereae
Lobeliaoess
GoodcnoviacesB . .
Myrsinaceae
Sapotaccae
A.— DlCOTYLEDONES.
"S . . o
•35 £?
H O
To ,2
r «
p» 03
1 1
18
8 13
S
S
o O
9 21 2 5 7 1 3 1 1 7 4 3 1 2 3 1 4 5 4 5 50 1 18 6 2 1 1 3 7 1 5 1 8
1
22 32 1 1 2 9
o
1 7 2 1 1 3 8 C 1 3
12
31 3 6 8 1 3 1 1
10 7 3 1 3 9 1 4 C 7 7
75 1
26
10 2 1 1 3 9 1 8 2
12 1 1 o
34
49
1
11
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
21
Table showing the distribution of the Indigenous Species of Phanerogams and Cryptogamw Tasculares in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands — Contiuued.
Styraceae . Ebenaceae.
Oleaceae
Apocy naceae Asclepiadaceae . . . ConvolvulacesB. . .
Hy droleaceEB .
BoraginaceaB . . . . .
Solanaceae
ScrophulariacesB
Bignoniaceae .
Acanthacese
Gesneriaceae
Labiatae
VerbenaceaB ..... My oporaceaB . . . . , Plura'uaginaceae . , Phy tolaccaceae . . . Chenopodiaceaa ..
Amarantaceae
Kyctaginaceae ... Polygonaceae. . . .
Lauraceae ,
Thymelaeaceae .. Euphorbiaceae ...
Urticaceae
Aristolochiaceae-
Begoniaceas
Piperaceas
Alismaceae
Hydrocharidaceae . Potameaj
Aroideao
TypliaeeaB
Palmse
Commelynaceae
Graminaceae
CyperaceaB
Liliaceao
SmilaceaD
Dioscoreaceae ... Brorneliaceae . . .
ScitamineaB
OrcMdaceae
B.— MONOCOTTLEDONES.
C— Cryptogam.® vasculares.
LycopodiaceaB Eilices
Naturalized species . Total
02
98 17
a -
•P m
2 14 15
12
1 15
215 6
115
221
2 9 3
24 1
17
12 3 6
10 1 9
13 1 1 4 3
13 5 3 4
30
10
1
1 2 3 1 2 3 35 13 7
5 1
2
1 15
568 109
677
o H
1 1
2
11
7
34
1
24
21
6
9
15
1
12
20
1
1
5
3
15
6
8
9
1
38
21
2
1
12
1 1 5 9 1 2 5 53 33 8 2 3 8 1 15
2 34
881 132
1013
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS,
WEST INDIES.
I. PHANEROGAMS.
A. DICOTYLEDONES.
DIIAEJVIACE^.
1. Davilla rugosa, Poir.
St. Thomas (Griseb. Fl. p. 3).
AWOMCEtE.
2. Anona murioata, L. (v. Soursop, Susakka).
Fl. Feb.-May. Leaves with a peculiar strong scent, used against fever and vermin. Fruit edible; pulp resembling curdled milk, acidu- lous. In forests and thickets, common. — All islands.
3. A. laurifolia, Dun. (v. Wild Soursop).
Fl. Feb.-May. Eesembling the former species in the foliage, but leaves of a quite different smell. Not uncommon in forests. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
4. A. palustris, L. (v. Monkey-apple, Bunya).
Fl. May-June. Fruit not edible ; used as bait for fishes. Common in marshy soil. — All islands.
5. A. squamosa, L. (v. Sugar-apple).
Fl. April-June. Foliage partly deciduous in March and April. Fruit edible, sweet, soft. Common in thickets. — All islands.
6. A. reticulata, L. (v. Custard-apple).
Fl. April-May. Fruit edible. In woods, not uncommon ; also planted near dwellings. — All islands. — The enlarged top of the connective in ail species of Anona is siliceous. None of the species enumerated above contains narcotic principles, as is the case with A. Cherimolia, Mill., and others.
7. Guatteria Ouregou, Dun.
St. Thomas (Griseb. Fl. p. 7).
8. Oxandra laurifolia, Rick. (Uvaria excelsa, Vahl in Hb, Juss.).
St. Croix (Caledonia Gut, West, p. 292).
23
24 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
HEENISPE RMACE M.
9. Cocculus domingensis, DC.
Fl. June-Aug. Stem woody, as mucli as two inclies in diameter. Inflorescences often 3 or 4 uniserial in the same axil. (See Delessert, Icones, t. 96.) In forests, not common. — St. Thomas (near St. Peter, 1000').
10. Cissampelos Pareira, L. (v. Velvet-leaf), a) Pareira and /?) microcarpa, DC.
Fl. Nov.-March. In forests and thickets, common. — All islands.
NTMFILXACEJ!.
11. Nympheea ampla, DC. (v. Water-lily). /3) parviflora.
Fl. April-July. In rivulets. — St. Croix (Kingshill Gut); Yieques
(Port Eoyal).
PAPAYEKACE.1.
12. Argemone mexicana, L. (v. Thistle).
Fl. the whole year. A very common weed in dry places. — All islands.
CKUCSFER^.
13. Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. (v. Water-cress).
iNever seen flowering. Naturalized along rivulets. — St Croix; St. Thomas.
14. Sinapis brassicata, L. (v. Wild Mustard).
Fl. Jan.-June. Around dwellings and in waste places, not uncom- mon.— All islands.
15. Sinapis arvensis, L.
Fl. cleistogamous in February. Eegular flowers later in the year. Naturalized; rare. — St. Croix (near Anguilla).
16. Lepidium virginicum, L.
Fl. the whole year. A common weed along roadsides and near dwell- ings.— All islands.
17. Cakile eequalis, L'Her.
Fl. Feb.-July. Bather common on sandy shores. — All islands. [Cultivated species : Brassica oleracca, L. (v. Cabbage) ; Lepidium sati- vum, L. (v. Cress); and Baphamts sativus, L. (v. Eadish).]
CAPPARIDACE.E.
18. Cleome pentaphylla, L. (v. Massambee).
Fl. the whole year. Flowers often polygamous. Leaves used as spinach. A common weed near dwellings and in waste places. — All islands.
FLORA. OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 25
19. C. pungens, W. (v. Wild Massambee). c) and B) Swartziana.
Fl. tlie whole year. Common along roads and ditches. — All islands.
20. C. viscosa, L.
Fl. May-Dec. Naturalized here and there. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
21. Moringa pterygosperma, G. (v. Horse-radisli-tree).
Fl. the whole year. Boot with a flavour of horse-radish. Naturalized and common near dwellings. — All islands.
22. Capparis ainygdalina, Lam.
Fl. March-June. Leaves on young radical shoots linear in this and the two following species. Not uncommon in thickets. — All islands.
23. C. jamaicensis, Jacq. (v. Black Willie), a) marginata and 8) siliquosa.
Fl. April-Aug. a) not uncommon; /?) less common along the shore and in thickets. — All islands.
24. C. cynophallophora, L. (v. Linguan-tree). g) and B) saligna.
Fl. Feb.-Aug. — Glands 2-4, uniserial in the axils, exuding nectar when young before the time of flowering, and are to be considered as reduced branches or inflorescences.
25. C. verrucosa, Jacq.
Fl. April-May. A middle-sized tree. Not uncommon in forests on the Virgin Islands.
26. C. frondosa, Jacq. (v. Rat-bean).
Fl. Feb.-May. Seeds very poisonous. Common in forests. — All islands.
27. Morisonia americana, L. a) and 8) subpeltata, Gris. in litt.
Fl. May-Oct. A considerable-sized tree, a) all islands; B) leaves subpeltate. — St. Croix (Spring Gut).
BIXACEJE.
28. Bixa Orellana, L. (v.'Roucon).
Fl. June-July. The red pigment of the fruit was generally used by the Caribs for anointing the whole body (Du Tertre). Naturalized in forests. — St. Croix (Crequis, Wills Bay) ; St. Thomas (Crown).
29. Trilis crucis, Griseb.
Fl. April-June. Stipules very variable. Petals always abortive in my specimens. A low tree or shrub. Uncommon in forests. — St. Croix (Wills Bay, Mt. Eagle); St. Thomas (Flag Hill); St, Jan (Cinnamon Bay).
26 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
30. Casearia sylvestris, Sw.
Fl. Jaa.-Feb. and May-July. Seed covered by a red arillus. Com- mon in forests and thickets. — All islands.
31. C. parvifolia, W. a) and (S) microcarpa, Egg.
Fl. March-July. Flowers odorous. Stamens alternately of equal length. Not uncommon in forests. A low tree. — a) "Virgin Islands; /S) fruit small, 2'" diani., St. Croix.
32. C. ramiflora, Vahl. a).
Fl. Jan.-Feb. and July-Aug. Pedicel articulate below the middle. Arillus fibrous. Common in forests. — All islands.
33. Samyda glabrata, Sw.
Fl. June. Eare, in thickets on highest hill-tops. — St. Thomas (Crown, 1400').
34. S. serrulata, L.
Fl. Feb.-May. Flowers odorous, precocious. Pedicels articulated at the middle. Leaves of young radical shoots linear. Common in thick- ets.— All islands.
TIOLACEiE.
35. Ionidium strictum, Vent.
Fl. all the year round. Flower matutine. Eather uncommon in fis- sures of rocks in thickets. — St. Croix ; Water Island.
TAMAUICACE^.
36. Tamarix indica, Willd. (v. Cypress).
Fl. Sept.-Oct. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
POLYGALACEiE.
37. Polygala anguatifolia, HB. Ktli.
Fl. Dec.-Feb. In the shade of dense thickets. Eare. — St. Thomas (CowelPs Hill).
38. Securidaca Brownei, Gr. (S. sccmdens of West).
Fl. Feb.-April. Naturalized around Christiansted, v. Eohr. — St. Croix.
39. S. erecta, L.
St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. i, 341; Gris. Fl. p. 30).
40. Krameria Ixlna, L.
Fl. July. The three narrow petals, resembling abortive stamens, are bent forward and cover the anthers. The two lateral oi.es are fleshy,
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 27
and covered on the outer side with fleshy papillce. Fruit 1-seeded by abortion. Gregarious along roadsides in dry localities, but uncom- mon.— St. Thomas (Bovoni).
GABYOFH¥LLA€EJ!.
I. PAROXYCHIACEiE.
41. Drymaria cordata, W. j3) diandra.
Fl. May-June. In moist localities in the shade. Bare. — St. Croix (Spring Garden).
42. Cypselea humifusa, Turp.
Fl. July. Gregarious around a small fresh-water lagoon. Bare. — Water Island.
II. MOLLUGINE^I.
43. Mollugo verticillata, L.
Fl. Aug. Leaves often fleshy. On rocky shores. Bare. — Buck Isl ■ and, near St. Thomas.
44. M. nudicaulis, Lam.
Fl. Sept.-Dec. Not uncommon in moist localities. — St. Croix 5 Buck Island near St. Croix; St. Thomas.
III. Portulace.e.
45. Talinum triangulare, W.
Fl. all the year round. Flower open till 11 A. M. Sepals of unequal size. The large one 1-ribbed, the smaller one 3-ribbed. Petals often yellow (as represented in Jacq. Stirp. Aineric. 1. 135). Bather uncom- mon. On rocks near the seashore. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
46. T. patens, W.
Fl. all the year round. Flower open from 3 P. M. till sunset. Petals pale red or yellow (Bot. Mag. 1. 1543). Boot tuberous. Here and there in rocky situations. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
47. Portulaca oleracea, L. (v. Purslane), a) macrantha, ,8) micrantha, Egg.
Fl. the whole year. Flower open till 10 A. M. a) brownish, 5 petals, as many as 25 stamens, corolla 6'" diam. /?) green, 4 petals, 10-12 sta- mens, corolla 3'" diam. Both varieties common along roadsides and in open spots. — All islands.
48. P. quadrifida, L. (Mant. 78).
Fl. all the year round. Petals 4, yellow, 2'" long. Flower open from 11 A. M. till 3 P. M. Leaves opposite, clasping together towards even- ing. A common weed in gardens and along roads. — All islands.
28 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
49. P. pilosa, L.
Fl. all the year round. Often nearly glabrous. Eoots tuberous. Petals red or yellow, large. Corolla up to W diain., open only till 9 a. in. Seeds dark brown. Leaves adpressing themselves downward to the stem towards evening. Not uncommon. Along ditches and in grass-fields. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
50. P. halimoides, L.
Fl. June-Dec. Common along roadsides and among rocks. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
51. Sesuvium portulacastrum, L. (v. Bay-flower).
FL all the year round. Sepals rosy inside. Common on sandy shores. — All islands.
52. Trianthema monogynum, L.
Fl. all the year round. Branches always originating in the axil of the smaller leaf. Stamens 7-17. Sepals and stamens rosy or white. Common on rocky shores. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
MALVACEAE.
53. Malvastrum spicatum, Gris. (v. Hollow-stock).
Fl. all the year round. Flower expanding in the afternoon. Very variable. A common weed along roads and in fields. — All islands.
54. M. tricuspidatum, Asa Gray.
Fl. all the year round. Common along roads and ditches. — All isl- ands.
55. Sida carpinifolia, L. c) and (3) brevicuspidata.
Fl. Sept.-March. Pedicel geniculate at the base, or as often not so. Petals imbricate dextrorsely or sinistrorsely. Both forms very common weeds everywhere in dry localities. — All islands.
56. S. glomerata, Cav.
Fl. Aug.-Oct. — Buck Island near St. Thomas j Vieques.
57. S. ciliaris, L.
Fl. Sept.-March. Flower expanded till 10 A. M. Stipules always longer than the petioles. Leaves closely clasping the stem in the evening. Gregarious on roads and near ditches. Common. — All islands.
FLOEA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 29
58. Sida jamaicensis, L.
Fl. Dec-March. Flower expanded till 9 A. M. Calyx snorter than the corolla. In grass-fields and thickets. Often suffrutescent, 6' high. Common. — All islands.
59. S. spinosa, L. a), /?) angustifolia, Lam., and y) polycarpa, Egg.
Fl. Sept-March. r) suffrutescent, 4' high. Pedicel as long as the whole leaf. Pistils, ovaries, and carpids always 12. a) and ft) common in grass-fields and pastures, y) near rivulets. — All islands.
60. S. rhombifolia, L. (v. Swart Maran). y) retusa.
Fl. Dec-March. Petals showing a purple blot at the base. Com- mon in waste places. — All islands.
61. S. tristis, Schlecht. (Linnaea, iii, 271).
St, Thomas (Schl.).
62. S. supina, L'Her. a) glabra and (3) pilcsa, Egg.
Fl. Nov.-March. Two very distinct forms : a) in shady, moist places ; /3) in dry localities. Not uncommon in thickets and forests. — All islands.
63. S. arguta, Cav. (not S. arguta, Sw., as stated in Griseb. Syst. Unters. p. 31) St. Croix (West, 297); St. Thomas (Schl.).
64. S. nervosa, DC. a) and (i) viscosa, Egg.
Fl. Dec-April, p) viscous and glandular pilose. Petals reddish; pistils red. Not uncommon along roads and ditches. — All islands.
65. S. acuminata, DC. a) macrophylla and (3) microphylla. St. Thomas (Schl.). "Inlocis siccis."
66. S. cordifolia, L. /3) althaefolia, Sw.
Fl. March. Here and there along roads. — St. Croix (West, 297); St. Jan (Bethania).
67. S. humilis, W. (?) Cav.
St. Thomas (Schl.). "In locis umbrosis."
68. Abutilon periplocifolium, G. Don. a) and /?) albicans, carpids 3-ovulate.
Fl. all the year round. Seeds dimorphous. The two seeds in the superior cell glabrous, the one in the inferior silky, a) not uncommon along roads. (3) uncommon. — St. Croix (a and P) ; St. Jan (P).
69. A. umbellatum, Sw.
Fl. Dec-March. Seeds cordate, brown. Not very common in open, dry localities. — All islands.
30 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
70. A. indicum, G. Don (v. Malioe). c) and /?) asiaticum.
Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded after 3 P. M. only. Both forms common along roads and on waste places. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
71. A. lignosum, Rich. (v. Marsh-mallow).
Fl. Nov.-May. Flower exi^anded during the afternoon only. Seeds irregularly triangular, verrucose, grey. — St. Croix.
72. Bastardia viscosa, Kth. a).
Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded during the afternoon only. Common along roads and in dry localities. — All islands.
73. Malachra capitata, L. a) and /?) alceifolia, Jacq.
Fl. Dec-March. Flower expanded only till 2 P. M. Along ditches and in moist places, a) rather common ; /?) less common. — All islands.
74. M. urens, Poit.
Fl. April. Petals yellow, puberulous externally. Seeds smooth, gla- brous. Uncommon on waste places. — St. Thomas (western shore of the harbour).
75. Urena lobata, L. a) americana.
Fl. Nov.-June. Flower expanded till 10 A. M. In forests. — St. Croix (rare; Prosperity on the north coast); St. Thomas; St. Jan (not un- common).
76. Pavonia spinifex, Cav.
Fl. Qct.-Dec. Rather common in thickets and forests. — All islands.
77. F. racemosa, S\v.
Fl. Oct. In marshy soil among Laguncularia and Conocarpus. — St. Croix (uncommon ; Salt River).
78. Kosteletzkya pentasperma, Gr.
Fl. Aug. Flower expanded till 10 A. M. In marshy soil. Rare. — St. Thomas (Krumbay).
79. Abelmoschus esculentus. W. A. (v. Okro).
Fl. all the year round. Fruit used immature as a vegetable. Culti- vated and naturalized near dwellings. — All islands.
80. Hibiscus clypeatus, L. St. Croix (West, p. 298).
81. H. vitifolius, L.
Fl. Dec-March. Along roads and in thickets. — St. Croix (naturalized in the eastern part of the island).
FLOE A OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 31
82. H. Sabdarifia, L. (v. Red Sorrol).
Fl. Oct.-Nov. Leaves used as a vegetable. Calyx at length fleshy, used for lemonade. Cultivated and naturalized here and there. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
83. H. phoeniceus, Jacq.
Fl. Sept.-March. Bather common in thickets, especially near dwell- ings.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
34. H. brasiliensis, L. St. Croix (West, p. 298)
85. Gossypium barbadense, L. (v. Cotton-tree), a) and /?).
Fl. all the year round. Down stellate. Common in dry localities. Formerly cultivated. — All islands.
86. G. vitifolium, Lam.
Naturalized in St. Thomas (Schl.), perhaps from having been cultivated in former times.
87. Paritium tiliaceum, A. Juss. (v. Mahoe).
Fl. Oct.-March. Bark employed as rope. Along coasts, hut rare. — St. Croix (West, p. 297) ; St. Thomas (Schl.) j St. Jan (Fish Bay).
88. Thespesia populnea, Corr. (v. Otalieite Tree).
*F1. all the year round. Very easily propagated by cuttings. A shady tree with very hard wood. Naturalized and cultivated everywhere, espe- cially in moist localities. All islands. All Malvaceae are protandrous.
[Cultivated species: Althw rosea, L. (v. Hollyhock); Hibiscus rosa- sinensis, L. (v. Chinese rose) j and H. mutabilis, L. (v. Changeable Hibis- cus).]
BOMBACEE.
89. Adansonia digitata, L. (v. Guinea Tamarind).
Fl. June- July. Leaves deciduous in March-April. The acid pulp of the fruit used for lemonade. Naturalized in wooded valleys. — St. Croix (Prosperity; Crequis); St. Thomas.
90. Eriodendron anfractuosum, DC. (v. Silk-cotton-tree).
Fl. Feb.-April. Leaves deciduous March-April. Stem growing to immense size. Common in forests. All islands.
91. Myrodia turbinata, Sw.
St. Croix (Spring Garden, West, p. 298).
32 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
92. Helicteres jamaicensis, Jacq.
Fl. March-Aug. Spiral of carpicls 2£. Common in thickets. — All
islands.
BIJTTNEKIACEJE.
93. Guazuma ulmifolia, Lam. (v. Jackass Calalu).
Fl. April-June. Wood used for oars. Not uncommon in pastures. — St. Croix j St. Thomas.
94. Theobroma Cacao, L. (v. Cocoa-tree).
Fl. June. Naturalized in shady valleys. — St. Croix (Prosperity; Mount Stewart).
95. Ayenia pusilla, L.
Fl. all the year round. Flowers often transformed into a hollow monstrosity by the larva of a wasp. Fjuit muricate. In thickets, com- mon.— All islands.
96. Melochria pyramidata, L.
Fl. all the year round. Common iu pastures. — St. Croix.
97. M. tomentosa, L. (v. Broom-wood).
FL All the year round. Calyx tomentose, greyish white. Tomentum interspersed with glandulous hairs. Used for brooms. Common in dry thickets. — All islands.
98. M. nodiflora, Sw.
Fl. Nov.-July. Common in pastures and along roads. — All islands.
99. Waltheria americana, L. (v. Marsh-mallow).
Fl. Oct.-May. Common in pastures. — All islands.
TIILIACEiE.
100. Triumfetta Lappula, L. (v. Bur-bush).
Fl. Nov.-April. Common in thickets. — All islands.
101. T. altheeoides, Lam. (v. Mahoe).
Fl. Dec-March. In forests, uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
102. T. semitriloba, L. (v. Bur-bush).
Fl. Oct.-March. In thickets and along roads, common. — All islands.
103. T. rhomboidea, Jacq.
Fl. Dec-April. Uncommon in thickets. — St. Croix (Spring-gut).
104. Corchorus acutangulus, Lam.
Fl. June-Nov. The lowest serratures of the leaves in my specimens often sbow one or two long setaceous bristles, as stated in DC. Prodr.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 33
i, 505. Griseb. Fl. p. 97, does not mention them, as he does in C. olito- rius, neither does the figure in Wight's Icones, hi, t. 739, show them in this species. From observations made by me on G. acutangulns, as well as on C. hirtus, such bristles on the lower serratures of the leaves are ot no specific value in this genus, being a variable feature. In gardens and near dwellings, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
105. C. siliquosus, L. (v. Papa-lolo).
Fl. Nov.-July. Leaves used as a vegetable (Calalu). Along roads and in pastures, common. — All islands.
106. C. hirtus, L.
Fl. June-Sept. Two lowest serratures of the leaves sometimes show- ing one or two setaceous bristles. In gardens and along roads, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
107. C. hirsutus, L.
Fl. all the year round. Hairs of the stem scabrous. On sandy shores, common. — All islands.
TEBKSTBOMIACEiE.
108. Ternstromia elliptica, Sw.
Fl. Feb.-April. The two bracts at the base of the persistent calyx are to be considered as such (Swartz, Flora Ind. Occ. p. 9G1; DC. Prodr. i, p. 523; and Hook. & Benth. Genera Plant, i, p. 182), and not as sepals (Griseb. Fl. p. 103) on account of their being deciduous, but the sepals not. The number of ovules in my specimens are about twenty in each cell. (Hook, and Benth. 1. c. ascribe to the genus only two, rarely three to six, in each cell ; Grisebach 1. c. only two to four. In the Catal. Plant. Cub. p. 36, Griseb. mentions, however, a variety of T. obovalis, Eich., with ten to thirteen ovules in each cell.) Sepals rosy, flowers fragrant In forests on high hills, rare. — St. Croix (Maroon Hill, 900'); St. Jan (Bordeaux Hill, 1200').
GUTTIFEB^E.
109. Clusia rosea, L. (v. Chigger-apple).
Fl. May-Sept. Aerial roots as much as 20' long, supporting the young trees on rocks or other trees. In forests. — St. Croix (rare, Wills Bay) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon).
110. C. alba, L. (v. Wild Mamey).
St. Croix (West, p. 312). Probably a mistake for the first named species.
Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 3
34 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
111. Mammea americana, L. (v. Mamey).
Fl. Feb. and later in Aug. Fruit generally one-seeded, eatable. Common in forests and planted along roads. — All islands.
112. Calophyllum Calaba, Jacq. (v. Santa Maria).
Fl. May-July. In forests along rivulets. — St. Croix (common in the northern part of the island) ; St. Thomas (rare).
GAITEIJLACE^.
113. Canella alba, Murr. (v. White-bark).
Fl. Jan.-April. Berry dark crimson. Leaves used in warm baths for rheumatism. On sandy shores and in forests. — All islands.
EEYTHROXYLACEJ!.
114. Erythrosylum ovatum, Cav. (v. Wild Cherry, Brisselet).
Fl. April-Sept. Precocious. Branches, as a rule, transformed into brachyblasts. Common in thickets. — All islands.
(E. areolatum, West, p. 28G, and E. brcvijjes, Bertero in Schlecht. Flo- rida, are, no doubt, mistakes for the species mentioned above.)
MALPIGHIACEJE.
115. Byrsonima spicata, Rich.
Fl. July- Aug. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Parasol Hill); St. Thomas (Signal Hill); St. Jan (Bordeaux).
116. B. lucida, Rich.
Fl. Oct.— St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. i, 580); Vieques (Campo Asilo).
117. Bunchosia Swartziana, Gris.
Fl. July. Pedicel uniglandular and bibracteolate at the joint. Very much attacked by insects. In thickets. — St. Croix (rare, Kingshill) ; St. Thomas (not uncommon) ; St. Jan.
118. Galphimia glauca, Cav. (Icon, v, p. 61) (G. gracilis, Bartl.).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands.
119. Malpighia glabra, L. (v. Cherry).
Fl. May-June. Fruit edible. Common in thickets. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
120. M. mens, L. a) and ft) lanceolata.
Fl. June-Oct. a) common in thickets. — All islands; P) rare, St. Croix (Spring-gut).
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 35
121. M. Cnida, Spreng. (Neue Entdeck. iii, 51).
Fl. June-Sept. Along roads and in thickets, not uncommon. — St. Jan; Water Island; Vieques.
122. M. angustifolia, L.
Fl. June-Oct. In thickets, not uncommon. — Water Island; Vieques.
123. Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium, Juss.
Fl. all the year round. Samarae red. In thickets, common. — All islands.
124. Heteropteris purpurea, Kth.
Fl. all the year round. Common in hedges and thickets. — All islands.
125. H. parvifolia, DC. (v. Bull Vis).
Fl. all the year round. As common as the preceding species. — All islands.
SAPOTDACEiE.
126. Cardiospermum Halicacabum, L. (v. Balloon-vine).
Fl. Sept.-March. Eather common in thickets and near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
127. C. microcarpum, Kth.
Fl. Jan.-March. In thickets, rare. — St. Croix (Spring-gut); St. Jan (Enigheit).
128. Serjania lucida, Schum. (v. White Vis, Cabrite rotting).
Fl. Dec-June. Stem used as rope. Common in thickets. — All isl- ands.— (Paullinia curassavica, West, p. 281, is no doubt a mistake for this species.)
129. Cupania fulva, Mart.
Fl. January. In forests, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands.
130. Sapindus inasqualis, DC. (v. Soap-seed).
Fl. Dec-Jan. Seeds used for ornaments. In forests along rivulets. Not uncommon. — St. Croix.
131. Schmidelia occidentalis, Sw.
Fl. May-Sept. Not uncommon in forests, especially in St. Croix. — All islands.
132. Melicooca bijuga, L. (v. Keneppy tree).
Fl. April-May. Leafless during flowering. Flowers fragrant. Fruit astringent, edible. Naturalized and now very common everywhere,
36 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
often forming a secondary growth in cleared woodland. Introduced from the Spanish main. — All islands.
133. Dodonaea viscosa, L.
Fl. April. On sandy seashores, rare. — St. Croix (Sandy Point).
MEEIACEJE.
134. Melia sempervirens, Sw. (v. Lilac, Hagbush).
Fl. all the year round. Common in forests and near dwellings. — All islands.
135. Trichilia hirta, L.
Fl. June-July. Common in thickets. — All islands. (Guarea trichilioides, Jacq., said to occur in St. Croix (West, p. 281), seems to me rather doubtful.)
136. Swietenia Mahagoni, L. (v. Mahogany).
Fl. April-June. In wooded valleys and along roads and dwellings. Not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
GERANIACEJE. [Cultivated occur several species of Geranium, L'Her., and Pelargo- nium, L'Her.]
BALSAMINACEJ1.
137. Balsamina hortensis, Desp. (v. Lady-slippers).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized everywhere in gardens. Seeds often germinating in the capsule. — All islands.
AURANTIACEvE.
138. Citrus medica, L. a) (v. Citron). ft) Limonum, Risso (v. Lime).
Fl. April-May. a) naturalized, but rare, in gardens. ft) naturalized, common in gardens and near dwellings, also in forests. — All islands.
139. C. Aurantium, L. u) (v. Orange), ft) Bigaradia, Dub. (v. Seville Orange). Fl. May-July. Both forms naturalized in gardens, especially «).
Common in St. Croix; rare in St. Thomas and St. Jan, where the species is said to have died out nearly, from disease.— (Mentioned also by Breutel, London Journal of Botany, ii.)
140. C. buxifolia, Padr. (v. Forbidden Fruit).
Fl. July. Naturalized in a few places.— St, Croix; St. Thomas.
141. C. decumana, L. (v. Shaddock).
Fl. July- Aug. Fruit used for preserves. Naturalized in gardens.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 37
142. Triphasia trifoliata, DC. (v. Sweet Lime).
Fl. April-June. Naturalized iu thickets and near dwellings. Com- mon in all the islands.
[Cultivated species: Murray a exotica, L. (v. Cyprian), and Coolcia punctata, Eetz.]
OXALIDACE^E.
143. Oxalis Martiana, Zucc.
Fl. May-Aug. Naturalized in gardens on all the islands.
144. O. corniculata, L. /?) microphylla, Poir.
Fl. all the year round. Gregarious in fields. — St. Croix ( Annally) ; St. Thomas.
ZYGOPHYLLACEJ;.
145. Tribulua cistoides, L.
Fl. all the year round. Along roads and in open spots, gregarious. — St. Croix (in the easternmost part of the island only).
146. T. maxirnus, L. (v. Centipee-root, Longlo).
Fl. all the year round. Stamens alternately of equal length. The whole i>lant is used in baths against boils. A very common weed along roads and in waste places. — All islands.
i
147. Guajacum officinale, L. (v. Lignum vitse, Pockenholt).
Fl. March-April. Common in former times, but now nearly exter- minated. On the seashore and in forests, rare. — All islands.
RUTACEiE.
148. Pilocarpus racemosus, Valil.
Fl. Feb.-March. Leaves undivided, 3-foliate or impari-pinnate in the same specimen (as stated in Hook. & Benth. Genera, i, 299, and Fl. Brasil. fasc. Go). Inflorescence terminal and axillary. A low tree. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (Kingshill, 1000') ; Vieques (Bavn in Hb. Havn.). (Specimen from Montserrat in Hb. Havn. also named P. laurifolius, Vahl.)
149. Tobinia punctata, Gr.
Fl. Sept. Leaves often pinnate. Dots on the leaves pellucid. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix.
150. T. spinosa, Desv.
Fl. May-June. Leaflets prickly on the principal nerves on both sides, bearing 2 stipular prickles at the base. Carpids 3 (2-1) globose, with a short beak, black, verrucose, 3'" long. Seeds black, shining. Rare in forests.— St. Thomas (Flag Hill, GOO').
38 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
151. Fagara microphylla, Desf. (v. Ramgoat-biish) (F. tragodes, Jacq. in West). Fl. June-Dec. Dots of the leaves pellucid. The whole plant has a
strong smell. Not uncommon in thickets. — St. Croix; Buck Island, near St. Croix.
152. Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis, L. (v. White PricMe).
Fl. April-June. Aculei corky, 6'" long, greyish, with a narrow brown point. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
153. Z. flavum, Vahl (Naturh. Selsk. Skrift. vi, 132, 1810) (v. Yellow Sander).
Not seen flowering. A fine timber-tree, used for furniture. Not un- common in forests in former times, but now nearly extinct. — St. Jan (Bordeaux Hills) (St. Croix? St. Thomas?) (Montserrat, Eyan in Hb. Havn.) ; Martinique (West in Hb. Havn.).
154. Z. Ochroxylum, DC. (v. Yellow Prickle) (Z. simplicifolium, Vahl in Hb. Havn.).
Fl. June-Nov. 9 Panicle 1" long ; pedicels \'" long, bracteole at the base deciduous. Calyx 5-partite, %" diam. Petals 5, imbricate, white, f '" long, pellucid-dotted. Style thick, \'" high ; stigmas trian- gular. Ovaries 3 on a short gynophore. Carpids 3 (1-2) globose, ver- rucose, partly dehiscent, IV" diam. Seed shining-black. Stem armed with large corky aculei, often connected and forming long ridges down the stem. * Wood yellow. The whole plant is possessed of the same strong smell as Fagara. Not uncommon in forests. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill GOO') ; St. Jan (Bogiers) (Montserrat, Eyan in Hb. Havn. ; Marti- nique, South America, Hb. Havn.). (A branch without flowers, marked Z. macrophyllu/m,) St. Croix, Eyan in Hb. Havn., seems to belong to this species.)
155. Quassia amara, L. fil. (v. Quassia).
Fl. Nov.-Feb. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands.
156. Castela erecta, Turp.
Fl. Feb.-June. Petals purple. 2 with 8 rudimentary stamens, alter- nately of equal size. Carpids 2-3-4. La dry thickets along the south coast, not uncommon. — St. Croix.
157. Picraena excelsa, Lindl. (v. Bitter-ash).
Not seen flowering. Wood very bitter, used for stomachic properties in drinks. In forests, rare. — St. Croix; St. Jan.
OLACACEJE.
158. Schcepfia arborescens, R. S.
Fl. Feb.-March. Fruit nearly always 1-seeded by abortion. Here and there in forests. — St. Croix (Saltriver, Wills Bay); St. Thomas (Crown, 1400').
FLORA. OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 39
AMPEEIDEJE.
159. Cissus sicyoides, L. (v. Lanibrali, Pinna koop).
Fl. all the year round. Flowers purple or yellow. Aerial roots long, filiform. Common in forests. — All islands.
160. C. trifoliata, L.
Fl. all the year round. On rocks and trees, not common. — St. Croix ;
St. Thomas.
*
161. C. acida, L.
Fl. June- Aug. In thickets near the coast, common. — All islands.
162. Vitis caribaea, DC.
Fl. June. In dense forests, rare. — St. Croix (Caledonia Gut) ; St. Thomas (Crown).
CEEASTKACEiE.
163. Maytenus elaeodendroides, Gris. (Cat. Plant. Cub. p. 54). (Mamniis pohj-
yamus, Vahl in Hb. Havn., and in West, p. 276.)
Fl. Dec. Flower brownish, small. Calyx 5-partite, £"' diam. Petals 5, oval, V" long. Stamens 5, often all or part of them transformed into petals and more or less sterile. Stigma subsessile, 2-lobed. Ovary 2- locular, 2-ovulate. Disc brown, undulate, £'" high. Seed black with a red arillus. Eare in dry thickets. — St. Croix (Fair Plain).
164. M. leevigatus, Gris. in litt. (Ehamnus Icevigatus, Vabl in Synib. Bot. iii, 41 ;
Ceanothus, DC).
Fl. May-Oct. Capsule tardily dehiscent, 1-3-seeded, 6'" long. Seeds brown, reticulate with red veins, 2'" diam. Arillus tough, white. A shrub or middle-sized tree. Not uncommon in forests. — All islands.
165. Elaeodendron zylocarpum, DC. (v. Spoon-tree, Nut Muscat).
Fl. Sept.-Dec. Stamens often transformed, as in Maytenus ekcoden- droides. Drupe orange-coloured, S"' long. Common on rocky shores; more uncommon in St. Croix. — All islands.
166. Myginda pallens, Sw.
Fl. Oct.-May. Common in thickets, principally in marshy soil. — All islands.
167. M. latifolia, Sw.
St. Croix (Pflug, sec. Yahl Symb. Bot. ii, 32) ; St. Thomas (Schl.).
168. Schaefferia frutescens, Jacq.
Fl. Sept.-Dec. Common in thickets. — All islands.
40 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
RMAMNACE^E.
169. Reynosia latifolia, Gris. (Cat. PI. Cub. 34) (v. Guama). Emend, in Eggers, Videnskab. Medd. fra Naturbist. Forening, Copenbagen, 1878, cum icone,p. 173.
Fl. June-July. Common in dry thickets. — Virgin Islands.
170. R. mucronata, Gris. (1. c.) (Eggers, 1. c).
IsTot seen flowering. Bare in dry thickets near the coast. — St. Croix (easternmost part of the island, near Tague Bay).
171. Condalia fsrrea, Gris. (v. Edden-wood).
Fl. Sept.-Jan. Keel of the calyx-lobes foliaceous. Drupe oval, 2%"' long. Not uncommon in thickets and forests. — All islands.
172. Colubrina ferruginosa, Brongn.
Fl. Jan. and May-July. A low shrub. Common on sandy shores. — All islands.
173. C. reclinata, Brongn. (v. Snake-root, Mabee-bark).
Fl. Nov.-March. Style 2-3-partite. Leaves used for the preparation of stomachic drinks. Not uncommon in thickets. — All islands.
174. Zizyphus reticulata, DC. (Prodr. ii, 20) (Paliurus, Vabl, Eel. Am. iii, 6).
Fl. July. Disc brownish. Capsule 3-locular, one seed in each cell, 5'" long, glabrous. Seeds purple; pulp reddish brown. In dry thickets, rare. — St. Croix (Fair Plain).
175. Gouania domingensis, L. (v. Soap-stick, Silvi).
Fl. Oct.-Jan. Stem used as rope. Common iu thickets. — All islands.
TEREBINTEIACE^E.
176. Bursera gummifera, L. (v. Turpentine-tree).
Fl. April-Sept. Protandrous. Easily propagated by large cuttings, and generally used for forming fences. Common in forests and along roads. — All islands.
177. Hedwigia balsamifera, Sw.
St. Croix (West in Hb. Ilavn. and p. 281 as Icica alUssima).
178. Amyris sylvatica, Jacq. (v. Flamboyant).
Fl. Feb.-April and July-Sept. Inflorescence trichotomous. Wood resinous and used for torches, especially in catching lobsters at night. Not uncommon in forests. — All islands.
179. Spondias lutea, L. (v. Hog-plum).
Fl. March, coetanous, and later July. Leaves deciduous in Feb. Fruit oval, edible. Common in forests. — All islands.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 41
180. S. purpurea, L. (v. Jamaica Plum).
Fl. Feb.-March, precocious. Naturalized in gardens and wooded val- leys.— All islands.
181. Rhus antillana, Egg. (n. sp.).
Sect. Sumach. Leaves impari- pinnate ; leaflets 4-5-jugal, petiolulate, lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse at the base, entire, glabrous, chartaceous ; veins proniinulous beneath. Cyme ramose; branchlets bracteolate, equalling the leaves. Flower pedicellate, small, green, 5-merous, mostly $, the rest hermaphrodite. Calyx and petals persistent in the fertile flower. Stamens erect, a little louger than the petals, inserted into a fleshy central disc ; filaments villous at the base. Ovary inserted upon a short fleshy gynophore. Drupe globose, glabrous, 1-seeded by abor- tion. A low tree. Approaching B. metopium, L. Fl. Jan. In forests, rare.— St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400') ; St. Jan (Hb. Havn. as Xanthox- ylum). (St. Croix, Stouy -ground?)
182. Comocladia ilicifolia, Sw. (v. Prapra).
Fl. March-May. Root containing a lasting red dye. -Common on lime- stone.— All islands.
183. Mangifera indica, L. (v. Mango-tree).
Fl. Feb.-April. Fruit edible. Introduced towards the close of last century, and now cultivated and naturalized everywhere. — All islands.
184. Anacardium occidentale, L. (v. Cashew, Cherry).
Fl. Dec-April. Pedicel becoming fleshy, and containing iu abund- ance a slightly astringent juice. Seeds used as almonds. Common in forests and along roads. — All islands.
LEGUMINOSiE.
185. Crotalaria verrucosa, L.
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized along roads. Very common. — All islands.
186. C. retusa, L.
Fl. all the year round. Common along roads and in waste places. Naturalized. — All islands.
187. C. latifolia, L.
Fl. Nov. Leaves golden sericeous beneath. Corolla greenish. Not uncommon in thickets. — All islands.
188. C. incana, L. (v. Rattle-bush).
Fl. all the year round. Stipules deciduous, the scar exuding nectar afterwards, as well as the base of the bracteoles. Common along roads and near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
42 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
189. Indigofera tinctoria, L.
Fl. April-Aug. Cultivated in former times, but now only found wild or naturalized. Common in dry localities. — All islands.
190. I. Anil, L.
Fl. all the year round. The wnole plant is much attacked by insects. Very common in dry thickets. — All islands.
»■
191. Tephrosia cinerea, Pers. a) and (3) litoralis, Pers.
Fl. Feb.-June. Both forms here and there in thickets. — All islands.
192. Cracca caribaea, Benth.
St. Croix (Schl.); st- Thomas (Oris. Fl. p. 183).
193. Coursetia arborea, Gris. St. Jan (Gris. Fl. p. 183).
194. Sabinea florida, DC. (v. "Waterpanna).
Fl. March-July. Precocious. Wood used for fishpots. Gregarious. Common in thickets and forests. — Virgin Islands. (Cultivated in St. Croix.)
195. Pictetia squamata, DC. (Proclr. ii, 314) (v. Fustic).
Fl. June. Flowering period only 5 or G days. Branches in this and the following species commonly transformed into brachyblasts. Com- mon in forests and thickets. — Virgin Islands.
196. P. aristata, DC. (1. c.) (v. Fustic).
Fl. Feb., March, and June- Aug. Eather common in thickets. — Vir- gin Islands; St. Croix (Jacq. Hort. Sckcenbr. ii, 60).?
(Both species are perhaps to be united, as proposed by Jacquin.)
197. Agati grandiflora, Desv.
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens, common. — All islands.
198. Sesbania sericea, DC.
Fl. Nov. In thickets near the coast, uncommon.— St. Thomas (Flag HiU).
199. iEschynomene americana, L.
Fl. Nov.-Jan. In pastures and along roads, not uncommon. — St. Croix.
200. Zornia diphylla, Pers.
Fl. July- Aug. In pastures on high hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal mil, Crown).
201. Lourea vespertilionis, Desv.
Fl. Feb.-April. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 43
202. Alysicarpus vaginalis, DC.
Fl. Nov.-Dec Leaves very variable. Along roads, common. — All islands.
203. Desmodium triflorum, DC.
Fl. Dec.-Feb. Common near ditches and in moist localities. — All islands.
204. D. incanum, DC.
Fl. Oct.-Jan. Common in pastures. — All islands.
205. D. scorpiurus, Desv.
Fl. Dec-Jan. In pastures, not very common. — St. Croix; St. Thomas (Duchass).
206. Desmodium tortuosum, DC.
Fl. Oct.-Jan. Common in i^astures. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
207. D. spirale, DC.
Fl. ISTov.-Jan. Not uncommon in pastures and along roads. — All islands.
208. D. molle, DC.
Fl. Dec-Jan. Lomentum often 3-4-jointed. Rather common in pas- tures.— St. Croix; St. Thomas.
209. Stylosanthes procumbens, Sw.
Fl. Oct.-Dec Lomentum in my specimens always 2-jointed. Com- mon along roads. — All islands.
210. S. viscosa, Sw.
St. Croix (West, p. 301). (Perhaps a mistake for the former species.)
211. Arachis hypogaea, L. (v. Pindars, Ground-nuts).
Fl. May- Aug. Seeds used for making cakes or eaten roasted. Culti- vated and naturalized. — All islands.
212. Abrus preecatorius, L. (v. Jumbee-bead, Scrubber, Wild Liquorice).
Fl. Oct.-Feb. Leaves used for washing clothes. Common in thick- ets and on hedges. — All islands.
213. Rhynchosia minima, DC. u) and /?) lutea, Egg.
Fl. all the year round. Seeds black, with small grey spots, a) Stand- ard veined with purple ; a low climber. /?) Standard uniformly yellow ; climbing up to C Both forms common in pastures and thickets. — All islands.
44 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
214. R. phaseoloides, DC.
Fl. March. Stem laterally compressed. Earein forests. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1200').
215. R. reticulata, DC.
Fl. all the year round. Leaflets as long as 1£". Common on fences and along roads. — All islands.
216. Cajanus indicus, Spreng. (v. Pigeon-pea, Vendu bountje).
Fl. all the year round. Seeds used as a common vegetable for soup. Cultivated and naturalized. — All islands.
217. Clitoria Ternatea, L. (v. Blue Vine).
Fl. all the year round. Common in thickets. — All islands.
218. Centrosema virginianum, Bentli. a) and /3) angustifolium.
Fl. all the year round. Very common in ditches and on fences. — All islands.
219. Teramnus uncinatus, Sw., var. albiflorus, Egg.
Fl. Sept.-March. Corolla \y long, constantly white. Legume 1" long, black, pilose. Common in pastures and along roads. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
220. Galactia filiformis, Benth.
Fl. Oct.- Jan. Eoots often bearing small tubers. Common in thick- ets.— All islands.
221. G. tenuiflora, W. & A.
Fl. Feb.- June. In forests, rare. There seems not to be sufficieut reason for uniting this species to the precediug, as done by Griseb. Fl. p. 194.— St. Thomas (Flag Hill); St. Jan (Eogiers).
222. Vigna luteola, Bentli. (v. Wild Pea).
Fl. all the year round. Common in moist localities. — All islands.
223. Dolichos lablab, L. (D. henglialcnsis, Jacq.).
Fl. all the year round. Seeds brown. Very common along the sea- shores.— All islands.
224. Phaseolus lunatus, L. (v. Bonny Vis).
Fl. Dec.-Feb. Corolla white or rosy. Naturalized in thickets and near dwellings. — All islands.
225. Ph. vulgaris, L. (v. White Bean).
Fl. Feb.-July. Cultivated and naturalized near dwellings. — All islands.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 45
226. Ph. alatus, L.
St. Croix (West, p. 299).
227. Ph. semierectus, L.
Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded only in the sun. Common along roads and in pastures. — All islands.
228. Canavalia parviflora, Benth. (Flor. Bras, xv, i, 177).
Fl. Feb. Inflorescence extra-axillary (as in C. bonaricnsis, Lindl. Bot. Keg. 1199). Legume broad on the back, without prominent ridges, 3" long, 1^" broad. Seeds crimson, shining, §" long. In forests, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1300').
229. C. gladiata, DC. /?) ensiformis, DC. (v. Sour-eyes, Overlook) (Dolichos acina-
ciformis, Jacq. Icon. Rar. t. 559). Bot. Mag. 4027.
Fl. Aug.-Dec. Naturalized in pro vision grounds. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1200').
230. C. obtusifolia, DC. (Dolichos rotundifolius, Vakl).
Fl. all the year round. Common along the seashore. — All islands.
231. Mucuna pruriens, DC. (v. Cow-itch).
Fl. Oct.-Nov. In shady valleys. Eare. — All islands.
232. Brythrina Corallodendron, L. (v. Flamboyant).
Fl. Feb.- April. Precocious. Stamens all of unequal length. Eather common, especially along roads and near dwellings. — All islands.
233. E. horrida, Egg. (u. sp.).
Fl. Feb.-March. Very prickly. Approaching to the preceding, but stem, branches, petiole, and leaf-ribs on both sides armed with stout and straight prickles ; legume terete, long- beaked. A low tree, branches procumbent. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
234. Piscidia Erythrina, L. (v. Dog-wood, Stink-tree).
Fl . March- April. Precocious. Only those individuals that flower drop the leaves. Common in thickets. — All islands
235. Drepanocarpus lunatus, Mey.
St. Croix (Isert, 1787, in Hb. Havn; West, p. 298).
236. Hecastophyllum Brownei, Pers.
Fl. June-Dec. Not uncommon on sandy shores. — All islands.
237. Andira inermis. Sw. (v. Dog Almond, Bastard Mahogany, Hon Kloot).
Fl. May-Aug. and Dec. Not uncommon in forests and along rivu- lets.— All islands.
46 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
238. Sophora tomentosa, L.
Fl. July-Jan. Along sandy shores, rare. — St. Croix (White's Bay, Turner's Hole).
239. Myrospermum frutescens, Jacq.
Fl. May-June. Legume resinous. Naturalized near dwellings. — St. Croix.
240. Haematoxylon campechianum, L. (v. Logwood).
Fl. Feb.-May. The young plants prickly on the stem. Here and there on sandy shores. More common in former times. — All islands.
241. Parkinsonia aculeata, L. (v. Horse-bean).
Fl. all the year round. Common in dry localities. — All islands.
242. Guilandina Bonduc, L. (v. Yellow Nickars).
Fl. May-Oct. Common along sandy shores. — All islands.
243. G. melanosperma, Egg. (n. sp.) (v. Black Nickars).
Fl. June-Oct. Resembling the preceding, but leaflets smaller, gla- brous, shining, prickles red and seeds shining-black. Seeds used for ornaments. In dry thickets near the shore, rare. — St. Croix (Sandy Point, Grape-tree Bay).
244. G. Bonducella, L. (v. Grey Nickars).
Fl. all the year round. Anthers successively dehiscent. Flowers polygamous. Very common along sandy shores. — All islands.
245. Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Sw. (v. Dudeldu).
Fl. June-Dec. Bracteoles large, subulate, but deciduous before the expansion of the flower. Commonly naturalized along roads and near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
246. Poinciana regia, Boj. (Bot. Mag. 2884) (v. Flamboyant).
Fl. May-July. Bracteoles as in the preceding. Leaves deciduous Dec-April. A handsome tree of very quick growth. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — St. Croix j St. Thomas.
247. Lebidibia coriaria, Schl. (v. Dividivi).
Fl. April-May. Legume used for tanning purposes. Eather common on dry hills. — Virgin Islands (St. Croix, cultivated).
243. Cassia Fistula, L.
Fl. Sept. Naturalized here and there in shady valleys.— St. Croix (The William).
249. C. grandis, L. (v. Liquorice-tree).
Fl. April-July. The pulp containing rhaphides in abundance. Nat- uralized and cultivated near dwellings. — St. Croix j St. Thomas.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 47
250. C. bacillaris, L.
Fl. Nov.-May. Common in thickets and woods on high hills. — St.
Thomas.
251. C. bicapsularis, L. (v. Stiverbusk, Styver bla).
Fl. all the year round. Very common in waste places. — All islands.
252. C. florida, Valil.
Fl. Dec. Naturalized near towns. — St. Thomas.
253. C. biflora, L. j3) angustisiliqua, Lam.
Fl. Nov.-May. In thickets, rare.— St. Croix (Longford).
254. C. alata, L. (v. Golden Candlestick, Fleiti).
Fl. May-Nov. Along rivulets, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands (nat- uralized in St. Croix).
255. C. occidentalis, L. (v. Stinking-weed).
Fl. all the year round. Boot used against fever. A very common weed near dwellings and in waste places. — All islands.
256. C. obtusifolia, L.
Fl. June-Nov. Common in dry localities. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
(C. triJJora, Vahl (Eclog. Am. iii, p. 11) (West, St. Croix), is a doubt- ful species. I have not been able to find the original spechnen of Vahl in Hb. Havn.)
257. C. glandulosa, L. a) stricta, Sckk, and /?) ramosa.
Fl. all the year round. Both forms common in pastures and along roads. — All islands.
258. C. nicticans, L.
Fl. all the year round. In the same localities as the preceding. — St. Croix 5 St. Thomas.
259. Tamarindus indica, L. (v. Tamarind-tree).
Fl. March-June. Naturalized everywhere, especially near dwell- ings.— All islands.
260. Hymeneea Courbaril, L. (v. Locust-tree).
Fl. Jan. and July-Aug. Bracts large, early deciduous. The wood is an excellent timber on account of its being very hard and close-grained. In forests, here and there. — All islands.
261. Bauhinia tomentosa, L.
Fl. May-June. Leaves partly deciduous in March. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — St. Croix j St. Thomas.
48 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
262. B. ungula, Jacq.
St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 214).
263. Adenanthera pavonina, L. (v. Coquelicot).
Fl. July-Oct. Naturalized near dwellings and in shady valleys. — All islands.
264. Neptunia pubescens, Benth.
Fl. Aug. Legume containing as many as 9 seeds. Bare. — Buck Island, near St. Thomas. -
265. Desmanthus virgatus, W. o) and /3) strictus, Bert.
Fl. all the year round. Both forms common in pastures and along roads. — All islands.
266. D. depressus, Kth. St. Thomas (Schl.).
267. Mimosa pudica, L. a) (v. Gritchee).
Fl. all the year round. In pastures and along roads. — St. Croix (very rare, Mt. Stewart) ; Virgin Islands (common).
268. M. asperata, L.
St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 219).
269. M. Ceratonia, L. (v. Black Amaret, Amaretsteckel).
Fl. June-Dec. On high hills. — St. Croix (West, p. 312 ; his specimens are found in Hb. Havn.) ; Virgin Islands (common).
270. Leucaena glauca, Benth. (v. Wild Tamarind).
Fl. all the year round. Leaflets closing together in strong sunlight. Seeds used for fancy work, such as collars, baskets, etc. Very common everywhere, also as secondary growth on cleared woodlands. — All islands.
271. Acacia Catechu, W.
Fl. May-July. Stem furnished with strong black aculei. Naturalized in shady valleys. — St. Croix (Crequis).
272. A. nudiflora, W. (v. Amaret).
Fl. May and Nov.-Dec. Protandrous. Young foliage reddish. Wood used for fencing. A low tree. Common in thickets and woods. — Virgin Islands.
273. A. sarmentosa, Desv. (v. Catch-and-keep, White Police).
Fl. July-Sept. Stem generally angular or even winged. A very spiny climbing shrub, the recurved spines of which often make thickets impene- trable. Common on dry hills. — Virgin Islands.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 49
274. A. macracantha, HB. /?) glabrens (v. Stink CasM).
Fl. Dec-April. A shrub or low tree. Wood exhaling a very dis- agreeable odour. Common in thickets on dry hills. — All islands.
275. A. tortuosa, W. (v. Cashii).
Fl. all the year round. Flowers fragrant. Bracteoles rhomboid, ciliate. Often gregarious. Common on dry hills. — All islands.
276. A. Farnesiana, W. (y. CasM).
Fl. all the year round. Flowers fragrant ; bracteoles spathulate, ciliate. Foliage of this and the two former species eaten by goats, and their wood generally used for making charcoal. Common in dry localities. — All islands.
277. A. arabica, W.
Fl. Nov.-Jan. Naturalized near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
278. A. Lebbek, W. (v. Thibet-tree).
Fl. April-Sept. Leaves deciduous Nov.-March. Flowers fragrant. Foliage eaten by cattle. The tree is often overgrown by Lorantlms emar- ginatus. Naturalized in pastures and elsewhere. — St. Croix (very com- mon) ; Virgin Islands (common, except St. Jan, where the tree seems not to thrive).
(A. frondosa, W., var. eglandulosa, St. Thomas, is mentioned by Schlechtendal as spontaneous, but, being an East Indian species, is most probably only cultivated or at most naturalized. I have not seen the species in the island.)
2 79. Calliandra portoricensis, Benth.
Fl. Feb. Climbing by the aid of young branches that twine themselves around the branches of other trees. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (King's Hill) ; Vieques.
280. C. purpurea, Benth. (v. Soldier-wood, West).
St. Croix (Gris. Fl. p. 224, probably on the authority of West. This author, however, says, p. 312, that the tree is only cultivated in the isl- and. His specimens are in existence in Hb. Havn. I have not seen the tree on the island).
281. C. Saman, Gris. (v. Giant Thibet-tree).
Fl. May- Aug. A very large tree of quick growth. Naturalized near dwellings and planted along roads. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
282. Pithecolobium unguis-cati, Benth. a) and /3) forfex, Kth. (v. Crab-prickle). Fl. Sept.- Jan. Gynophore V" long. Seeds black, shining; arillus
rosy. Wood used for fishpots. Both forms common on limestone and in marshy soil. — All islands.
Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 1
50 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
283. Inga lamina, W. (v. Lady-finger-tree).
Fl. July-Sept, and Jan.-March. Petiole bearing a narrow wing on each side. Corolla greenish. ( Jacquin's drawing does not show any wing on the petiole. In the letterpress, however, of his Stirp. Am., he expresses a doubt whether the petiole is winged or not.) Wood used for fences, etc. Common in forests.— All islands.
[Cultivated species : Pisum sativum, L. (v. Green Pea) ; Dolichos sphwro- spermus, DC. (v. Black-eye Pea) ; D. sesquipedalis, L. ; Poinciana Gilliesii, Hook. ; and a Casparea.]
CHB¥§OBALANACEiE.
284. Chrysobalanus Icaco, L. (v. Cocoa-plum, Cacos).
Fl. Dec.-Feb. and July- Aug. Fruit black or white ; used for preserves. On sandy shores or in forests on high hills. Common. — All islands.
ROSACEA.
[Many varieties of Rosa gallica, L., and B. centifolia, L., are cultivated in gardens on all the islands, and are flowering abundantly all the year round. In the time of West (c. 1790), roses were rare, and flowered but seldom, so that we here seem to have an instance of gradual acclimati- sation.]
MYBTACE^E.
285. Calyptranthes Thomasiana, Berg (Linnsea, xxvii, 26). St. Thomas (Ventenat and Bavn in Hb. Havn.).
286. C. Chytraculia, Sw. /?) ovalis, Berg, and t) Zyzygium, Berg (1. c. p. 28). In forests, rare. — St. Thomas ; St. Croix.
287. C. pallens, Gris.
Fl. July- Aug. Branchlets quadrangular. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Kingshill Gut) ; St. Thomas (Crown).
288. Myrcia coriacea, DC. 7) Imrayana, Gris.
Fl. June-July. In forests on high hills, uncommon. — AH islands.
289. Jambosa malaccensis, DC.
Fl. April-May. Naturalized in shady valleys; rare. — St. Croix (Cre- quis).
290. J. vulgaris, DC. (v. Pomerose-tree).
Fl. March-June. Fruit used for preserves. Naturalized along rivu- lets and in forests, common. — All islands.
291. Eugenia buxifolia, W.
Fl. June-Sept. Petioles reddish. Gregarious, especially along the seashore. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 51
292. E. Poiretii, DC.
St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 236).
293. E. monticola, DC.
Fl. July-Sept. Leaves variable, distichous. Flowers strongly fra- grant. When not flowering, the shrub emits a foetid smell. Bather common in forests. — All islands.
294. E. axillaris, Poir.
Fl. Aug.-Oct. Leaves variable. Petiole reddish. In thickets; rare. — St. Croix (Lebanon Hill, Fair Plain).
295. E. lateriflora, W. (E. cordata, DC. Prodr. iii, 272, and probably E. sessiUflora, ib. 273).
Fl. Sept.-Nov. Leaves very variable, ovate, cuneate, or oblong. Flowers sessile or subsessile, crowded in the axils. Berry globose, purple, 2'" diam. Common in thickets and forests. — All islands.
296. E. sessiliflora, Vahl (Symb. Bot. iii, 64).
Fl. July-Oct. Fruit large, rosy, § "-1" diam. Flowers sessile, large, white, 5'" diam. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas (CowelPs Hill).
(Both DC. and Gris. seem to confound these two very distinct species, the flowers and fruits of which are highly different in most respects. DC. Prodr. iii, 273, says of his E. sessiliflora : Fructus dimidio minor quam E. lateriflora, yet immediately above he says of this latter species: Fructus et sem. ignoti. Yahl's description is very correct, also, of the fruit, of which he says: Pruni magnitudine, globosus.)
297. E. flavovirens, Berg (I.e.). > St. Jan (Bavn in Hb. Havn.).
298. E. glabrata, DC. (Prodr. iii, 274). ' St. Croix (Berg).
299. E. pallens, DC. (E. nitida, Vahl in Hb. Havn.) (v. Cromberry).
Fl. Sept.-Nov. Leaves shining. In forests, uncommon. — All islands.
300. E. acetosans, Poir. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 283).
St. Jan (in forests, Berg in Linnsea, xxx, 662) ; St. Croix (Mount Eagle, Kichard).
301. E. virgultosa, DC.
Fl. April-July. Leaves variable. Common along the seashore and in forests. — All islands.
52 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
302. E. procera, Poir. (v. Black Cherry, Rock-myrtle) (Myrtus cerasina, Vahl in West,
p. 290).
PI. Feb. and Aug.-Nov. Plowers fragrant; fruit edible; a favourite food for wild pigeons. In forests, common. — All islands.
303. E. pseudopsidium, Jacq. (E. Thomasiana, Berg) (v. Bastard Guava, Christmas
Cherry). PI. April-Dec. Plowers fragrant; fruit oval. A shrub or low tree. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
304. E. ligustrina, W.
PI. April and Sept. In thickets and woods, common. — All islands.
305. E. portoricensis, DC. (Prod, iii, 266) (Stenocalyx, Berg). St. Croix (ex Hb. Vahlii in Hb. Berol.).
306. E. vmiflora, L. (v. Surinam Cherry).
PI. March-Aug. Pruit edible, acidulous. A middle-sized tree. Nat- uralized and planted in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
307. E. floribunda, West (v. Guava-berry).
PI. June- Aug. Berry black, globose, shining, 4"' diam., aromatic ; used for preserves or put in rum. In forests, not uncommon. — All isl- ands.
(E. marginata and E. micrantha, West, p. 290, are not mentioned in Vahl's Symb. Bot. pars iii, as stated, and are probably included in some of the species enumerated above.)
308. Anamomis punctata, Gris.
Fl. June. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Maroon Hill, Wills Bay) ; St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay).
309. Pimenta vulgaris, W. & A. (v. Cinnamon-bush).
PL June-July. In forests, rare. An excellent timber tree. — St. Croix (Maroon Hill) ; Virgin Islands.
310. P. acris, W. & A. (v. Bay-leaf), a).
PL July-Aug. Prom the leaves the well-known bay-rum is distilled. In forests near the coast, not common. — St. Croix ; Vieques.
311. Psidium Guava, Radd. (v. Guava). a).
PL all the year round. Fruit edible ; also used for preserves. Very common, overrunning pastures and becoming troublesome in many places. — All islands.
312. P. cordatum, Sims. (v. Sperry Guava).
Fl. May-July. Fruit fragrant. In thickets on hills, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 53
313. Punica granatum, L. (v. Pomegranate).
Fl. April-Oct. Flowers crimson or yellow Fruit the same. Natur- alized in valleys and near dwellings. — All islands.
314. Mouriria domingensis, Walp. (Petaloma Mouriri, Sw.).
St. Croix (Baudonius Gut, West, p. 285, and specimens in Hb. Havn.). [Cultivated species : Myrtus communis, L. (v. Myrtle), and Couroupita guianensis, Aubl. (v. Nutmeg).]
MEL.ASTOMACJEJE.
315. Clidemia hirta, Don.
St. Thomas (Biedle sec. Naudin, Ann. des sc. nat. 1853, xviii, p. 532).
316. C. spicata, DC.
Fl. June-July. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
317. C. rubra, Mart.
St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 248 ; Finlay sec. Naudin, 1. c).
318. Diplochita serrulata, DC.
Fl. Feb.-May . Not uncommon in wooded valleys. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
319. Tetrazygia elaeagnoides, DC.
Fl. April- Aug. Common in forests and on high hills. — All islands.
320. Miconia argyrophylla, DC.
St. Thomas (Finlay sec. Naudin, Gris. Fl.'p. 256).
321. M. impetiolaris, Don.
Leaves as long as 1£'. — St. Croix (West in Hb. Havn.) ; St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 256; Bonpland sec. Naudin. Montserrat (Byan in Hb. Havn.).
322. M. prasina, DC.
St. Thomas (Biedle sec. Naudin).
«
323. M. laevigata, DC.
Fl. March-July. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
324. M. angustifolia, Gris.
Fl. March. A good- sized shrub, often gregarious on limestone. — St. Croix (Benzon in Hb. Havn.); Virgin Islands (not uncommon. Mont- serrat (Byan in Hb. Havn.).
[Several of the species mentioned by Naudin as having been collected in St. Thomas I omit as being a rather doubtful habitat. These are : Tshudya berbiceana, Gris. (Miconia, Naud.) ; Cremanium amygdalinum, Gris. (Osscea, DC), and Nepsera aquatica, Naud.]
54 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
LYTHRARIEj;.
325. Ammania latifolia, L.
Fl. Dec-June. Here and there in moist localities. — St. Croix (Lower Cove, Anna's Hope) ; St. Thomas (Flag Hill).
326. Antherylium Rohrii, Vahl (Symb. Bot. iii, 66) (v. Prickle-wood).
Fl. Oct.-March. Precocious. Petiole bibracteate above the middle. In marshy soil near the coast. — St. Croix (rare; Fair Plain, Stony Ground) ; Virgin Islands (common).
[Cultivated species : Lawsonia inermis, L. (v. Mignonette), and Lager- stromia indica, L. (v. Queen of Flowers).]
ONAGRACEJE.
327. Jussieua suSruticosa, L. a) ligustrifolia, Kth.
Fl. all the year round. Here and there in moist places. — St. Croix (Crequis, Golden Eock) ; St. Thomas (Caret Bay).
RRIZOPHORACE^.
328. Rhizophora Mangle, L. (v. Mangrove, Mangelbooin).
Fl. all the year round. Gregarious along the shore of lagoons. — All islands. (See Botaniska Notiser, 1877, Lund, and Vidensk. Medd. fra ISfaturhist. Forening in Copenhagen, 1877-78.)
COMRRETACEJE.
329. Terminalia Catappa, L. (v. Almond-tree).
Fl. Jan.-April and Sept. Naturalized in valleys and near dwellings. — St. Croix (common) ; Virgin Islands (rare).
330. Laguncularia racemosa, G. (v. White Mangrove).
Fl. all the year round. Wood used for fishpots. Common in salt- water lagoons. — All islands.
331. Bucida Buceras, L. (v. Gregery).
Fl. May- Aug. A splendid timber tree. Leaves often attacked by a fungus (Erineum, vide Kunze mycol. Hefte, ii, 148). Flowers often trans- formed into long monstrosities (figured already in P. Browne's Jamaica, tab. 23). Common in valleys and especially along the coast. — All isl- ands.
332. Conocarpus erecta, L. (v. Button-wood), a) and Q) procumbens, Jacq.
Fl. all the year round. Common along the coast and in lagoons. — All islands.
f Cultivated species : Quisqualis indica, L.]
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 55
CUCURBSTACEiE. (Griseb. Flora, and Naudin: Annales des sc. nat. 1859, '62, '63, and '66.)
333. Momordica Charantia, L. a) and /?) pseudobalsamina (v. Maid-apple).
Fl. Dec. and April-Aug. Common on fences and near ditches. — All islands.
334. Luffa cylindrica, Roem. (Syn. Mon. ii, 63) (L. Petola, Ser. Wight Icon, ii, t. 499)
(v. Strainer-vine).
Fl. Oct.-Dec Tendril 5-fld. Fruit brown, 4" long. Naturalized on fences. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
335. Cucurbita Pepo, L. a) (v. Pumpkin) and /?) Melopepo (v. Squash).
Fl. May.-Nov. and Feb. Fruit used extensively as a vegetable. Naturalized and cultivated. — All islands.
336. Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser. a) (v. Gobie) and /?) viscosa, Egg. (v. Bitter Gobie). Fl. Sept.-Jan. The whole plant has a strong smell. Tendril 2-fid.
/3) leaves viscous, petiole biglandular near the top. Used as a blister. Not uncommon in waste places, a) on fences. Fruit used for goblets. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
337. Melothria pervaga, Gris.
Fl. Dec-April. In thickets, not uncommon. — All islands.
338. Cucumis Anguria, L. (v. Cucumber).
Fl. Jan.-March. Anthers glabrous in the bud, pilose after dehiscence, collecting the pollen. Berry used for soup and pickles. Common in pastures and on fences. — All islands.
339. Cephalandra indica, Naud. (1. c. 1866, p. 14) (Coccinia, W. & A.).
Fl. Dec-June. Naturalized near dwellings and in shady valleys. — St. Croix.
340. Trianosperma graciliflorum, Gris. (T. Belangerii, Naud.).
Fl. Nov.-Jan. Leaf 3-5-lobed. Tendril often bifid. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
341. T. ficifolium, Mart. (Syst. nat. med. veg. Bras. 79) (Bryonia, Lam.).
Fl. March. In forests, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Soldier Bay) j St. Jan (West, p. 301).
342. Anguria trilobata, L.
St. Croix (Ham's Bluff, West, p. 305).
343. A. glomerata, Egg. (n. sp.).
, Fl. Feb.-March and May- Aug. Boot tuberous. Stem suffruticose, bark greyish. Leaves alternate, ovate-triangulate or 3-lobed, some-
56 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
times 3-partite, narrowly cordate at the base, denticulate, acuminate, scabrous above, whitish pubescent beneath. Tendril simple. 9 flowers glomerate, sessile or subsessile, 8-20 in the glomerule. Calyx urceolate- cylindrical, small. Petals 5, orange-coloured or red, lanceolate, erect, 5'" long. Style bifid ; stigmas thick, globose, obsoletely 2-lobed. Ovary 2- locular; ovules 3-8 in each cell. Berries densely glomerate, sessile or subsessile, oval, glabrous, striate, red, S'" long. Seeds 3-8, urceolate- globose, verrucose, brownish, 2'" long. S unknown. A high cumber. Stem often \" diam. at the base, succulent. In forests, not uncom- mon.— St. Croix (Jacob's Peak, Claremont,) ; St. Thomas (Picaru Penin- sula).
All Cucurbitacese are protogynous.
[Cultivated species : Sechium edule, Sw. (v. Choco) ; Cucumis sativus, L. (v. Mutton-cucumber) ; C. Melo, L. (v. Muskmelon), and Citrullus vul- garis, Schrader (v. Watermelon).]
PAPAYACEiE.
344. Garica Papaya, L. (v. Papaw).
Fl. March-Aug. Stem often branched. Fruit used as a vegetable. Common near dwellings and in waste places. All islands.
PASSIFLOBACE^!.
345. Passiflora suberosa, L. (v. Pop, Indigo-berry).
Fl. Sept.-Dec. Common on rocks and fences. — All islands.
346. P. pallida, L.
Fl. Oct.-Dec. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Wills Bay) ; St. Jan.
347. P. hirsuta, L. (P. parviflora, Sw.)
St. Croix (West, p. 30.
348. P. peltata, Cav. St. Thomas (Schl.).
349. P. rubra, L.
Fl. Sept.-Feb. In forests and on rocks. — St. Croix (rare) ; Virgin Isl- ands (common). '
350. P. laurifolia, L. (v. Bell-apple).
Fl. all the year round. Leaf-margin glanduliferous. Berry fragrant, containing an edible pulp. In thickets on high hills (perhaps only nat- uralized) and cultivated. — All islands.
351. P. incarnata, L.
St. Croix (West, p. 304).
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 57
352. P. foetida, L. (v. Love in the mist).
Fl. Sept.-Jan. Protandrous. On fences and near ditches, common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
[Cultivated species : P. qiiadrangularis, L. (v. Grenadilla), the berry of which is edible.]
. TURNERACE^E.
353. Turnera ulmifolia, L.
Fl. March-Oct. In waste places, common. — All islands.
354. T. parviflora, Benth.
Fl. Sept.-Dec. and Jan.-May. Leaves always eglandular ; calyx not tomentose. Gregarious on rocky seashores, rare. — St. Thomas (CowelFs Hill) '} Buck Island, near St. Thomas.
CACTACEJ!.
355. Mamillaria nivosa, Link (Pfeiffer Enum. Cact. 1837, p. 11) (M. iortolensis,
Hort. Berol.).
Fl. all the year round. Flower pale yellow; berry clavate, purple. Seeds brownish. On rocks near the seashore. — Buck Island and Flat Cays, near St. Thomas ; Tortola (Pf.).
356. Melocactus communis, DC. (v. Pope's Head).
Fl. all the year round. Berry clavate, purple, §" long. Seeds black, verrucose. Up to four feet high. On dry hills and rocks, especially near the shore. — All islands.
357. M. atrosanguineus, Hort. Berol. St. Thomas (Pf. 1. c. p. 44).
358. Cereus floccosus, Hort. Berol. (v. Diltlo).
Fl. Oct.-July. Berry depressed globose, dark crimson, 1£" diam. Pulp red; seeds small, black. On dry hills in thickets, common. — All islands.
359. C. armatus, Otto.
St, Thomas (Pf. 1. c. p. 81).
360. C. triangularis, Haw. (v. Chigger-apple).
Fl. July. Berry large, crimson, edible, 5" long, oval. On trees and rocks in forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
361. C. grandiflorus, Haw. (v. Nightblooming Cereus).
Fl. May-July. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
58 FLOEA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
362. Opuntia curassavica, Mill. (v. Suckers).
Fl. all the year round. Berry purple, §" long, clavate. Gregarious in dry localities, which are often rendered impenetrable by its presence. Very common. — All islands.
363. O. Tuna, Mill. (v. Prickly Pear).
Fl. all the year round. Berry ovate, crimson, edible. Seeds small, black. Used for fencing purposes. In dry localities, very common. — All islands.
364. O. horrida, Salm. (v. Bull-suckers).
Fl. all the year round. Flower reddish-yellow. In dry localities, com- mon.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
365. O. spinosissima, Mill.
Fl. all the year round. Spines white, 5-8 in each cluster, deciduous on the stem. Flower §" diameter. Plant reaching 20/-25/ high. In dry thickets, common. — All islands.
366. O. tuberculata, Haw. (v. French Prickly Pear).
Fl. the whole year. Flower small, yellow. Branches used for poul- tices. Plant 10'-15' high. Naturalized and planted near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
367. O. coccinellifera, Mill.
Fl. all the year round. Plant 15'-20' high. On limestone, uncom- mon.— St. Croix; St. Thomas.
368. O. catocantha, Hort. Berol. St. Thomas (Pf. 1. c. p. 166).
369. Feireskia aculeata, Mill. (v. Surinam Gooseberry).
Fl. July. Fruit acidulous, edible. "Naturalized and cultivated. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
370. P. Bleo, HB. K.
Fl. all the year round. Sepals accrescent on the fruit. Naturalized and cultivated in gardens. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
[Cultivated species : Cereus peruvianus, Tabem. ; C. monoclonos, DC. ; C. repandus, Haw., and C. Phyllanthus, DC]
CRASSUI^ACEiE.
371. Bryophyllum calycinum, Salisb. (v. Wonderful Leaf).
Fl. Jan.-March. — Naturalized in dry localities, common, gregarious. — All islands.
FLORA OF ST CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 59
ARALIACE^.
372. Panax speciosum, Willd. (Spec. Plant, iv, p. 1126).
Not seen flowering. Leaflets 8, of unequal size, the central ones lar- gest. Margin slightly undulate and denticulate. Upper surface covered with distant and deciduous muricate hairs; tomentuni on the lower sur- face deciduous. A low tree. In forests, very rare. St. Jan (King's Hill,. 1000', on the northern slope of the hills). (Cuba, Porto Bico, Ca- racas.)
UMBELLIFEB^;.
373. Eryngium foetidum, L.
Fl. -Sept-May. Biennial. Along rivulets and in moist places, rare. —St. Thomas (Caret Bay).
374. Anethum graveolens, L. (v. Dill).
Fl. March-Oct. Naturalized along roads and near dwellings. — All islands.
[Cultivated species: Petroselinum sativum, Hoffm. (v. Parsley) ; Daucus Carota, L. (v. Carrot) ; Pimpinella Anisum, L. (v. Anise) ; Fceniculum vul- gave, Gsertn. (v. Fennel); Anthriscus ccrefolium, L. (v. Chervil), and Apium graveolens, L. (v. Celery).]
LOBANTHACE^.
375. Loranthus emarginatus, Sw. (v. Baas-fram-boom).
Fl. all the year round. Inflorescences uniserial. On trees, especially Acacia Lebbek and Pisonia subcordata. Common. — All islands.
376. Phoradendron flavens, Gris.
Fl. April-June. Seed compressed, green, with white bands. On Pi- sonia subcordata, rare. — St. Croix (Stony Ground).
CAPRIFOEIACE^.
[Cultivated occur: Sambucus nigra, L. (Fl. April-July), and Lonicera Caprifolium, L. (v. Honey-suckle).]
RUBIACE2E.
377. Genipa americana, L.
Fl. July. In forests on high hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Crown) ; St. Jan (Bogiers).
378. Catesbaea parviflora, Sw.
Fl. Sept.-Dec. Fruit black, shining. In dry thickets, uncommon. — St. Croix (Fair Plain).
/
60 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
379. Randia aculeata, L. a) and /?) mitis.
Fl. April-July, a) in dry thickets, /?) in shady valleys. Common.— All islands.
380. Hamelia patens, Jacq.
Fl. all the year round. 6'-15' high. In shady valleys, not uncom- mon.— All islands.
381. H. lutea, Rohr.
Fl. all the year round. In forests, uncommon.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
382. Gonzalea spicata, DC.
Fl. May-Oct. In pastures on high hills, above 1000', not uncommon. — Virgin Islands.
383. Exostemma caribseum, R. S. (v. Black Torch).
Fl. June-Dec. Common in thickets. — All islands.
384. Portlandia grandiflora, L.
Fl. June-Dec— St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. iv, p. 405 ; Gris. Fl. p. 324) • St. Croix (cultivated).
385. Rondeletia pilosa, Sw.
Fl. all the year round. In thickets.— St. Croix (rare, near Cane Bay) ; Virgin Islands (common).
386. Oldenlandia corymbosa, L.
Fl. Feb.-March. Seeds brown, minutely verrucose. In waste places, rare. — St. Croix (Government House yard).
387. O. callitrichioides, Gris. (PI. Wright, p. 506).
Fl. Dec. Flower expanded early in the morning and late in the after- noon. Gregarious among stones. — St. Croix (Government House).
388. Spigelia anthelmia, L. (v. Worm- weed).
Fl. all the year round. In open, moist localities, uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
389. Guettarda scabra, Lam.
Fl. June-Dec. Flower expanded towards evening. Drupe dark crim- son, often 1-seeded by abortion. In woods, common. — All islands.
390. G. parvifolia, Sw.
Fl. July-Oct. In woods, not uncommon. — All islands.
391. Stenostomum lucidum, G.
Fl. Dec- April. In forests, rare— St. Croix ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 61
392. Chione glabra, DC.
Not seen flowering. In forests, rare.— St. Croix (Fair Plain) j St. Thomas (Soldier Bay).
393. Scolosanthus versicolor, VaH.
Fl. Oct.-Dec. Pedicels often transformed into spines, as mentioned by DC. (Prodr. iv, 484). Leaves 2"'-3'" long.— St. Croix (West and Eyan in Hb. Havn.); St. Thomas (rather common in thickets); Water Island.
394. Erithalis fruticosa, L. a) and ,3) odorifera, Jacq.
Fl. Oct.-March. Along the coast, not uncommon. — All islands.
395. Chiococca racemosa, Jacq.
Fl. March-Dec. In forests, common.— All islands.
396. Ixora ferrea, Benth.
Fl. Feb.-May and Nov.-Dec. Among rocks on high hills over 1200', not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown).
397. Coffea arabica, L. (v. Coffee-tree).
Fl. May- July. Berry ripe Nov.-Dec. Naturalized in shady localities. Formerly cultivated on most estates on a small scale, principally in St. Jan. — All islands.
398. Faramea odoratissima, DC. (v. Wild Coffee).
Fl. June. In thickets on high hills.— St. Croix (West and Benzon in Hb. Havn.) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon).
399. Psychotria glabrata, Sw.
Fl. June-Sept. Here and there in shady valleys. — All islands.
400. P. tenuifolia, Sw.
Fl. May. In thickets on high hills, rare.— St. Thomas (Crown, 15007).
401. P. Brownei, Sprg.
Fl. June-Sept. In woods, common. — All islands.
402. P. horizontals, Sw.
Fl. May-Dec. Along roads and in thickets, common. — All islands.
403. Palicourea Pavetta, DC. a) and '(3) var. rosea, Egg.
Fl. Feb. and Aug. P) corolla-lobes rosy, anthers bluish, and stem brownish. In forests, not uncommon. — /?) all islands, a) St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
404. Morinda citrifolia, L. (v. Pain-killer).
Fl. June-Aug. Leaves used against headache. Naturalized in gar- dens.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
62 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
405. Geophila reniformis, Cham. & Sclil.
Fl. Dec-Jan. and Aug. On the ground in dense woods, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, St. Peter) ; Yieques (Hb. Havn.).
406. Ernodea litoralis, Sw.
Fl. Dec-May. Along sandy coasts, not uncommon. — All islands.
407. Diodia rigida, Chain. & Schl. (Linnsea, iii, 341). St. Thomas (Schl.).
408. D. sarmentosa, Sw. St. Thomas (Schl.).
409. Spermacoce tenuior, Lam. (v. Iron-grass), a) and /3) angustifolia,Egg. Fl. all the year round. P) leaves linear-lanceolate. In pastures and
along roads. Both forms common. — All islands.
410. Borreria verticillata, Mey.
Fl. May-Oct. Suffruticose. In pastures on hills. — St. Croix (Hb. Havn.) ; St. Thomas (not uncommon on Crown).
a
411. B. stricta, Mey. (Primit. Fl. Essequib. p. 83),
Fl. Dec-March. In pastures, here and there. — St. Croix (Parade Ground).
(B. vaginata, Ch. & Schl. (St. Thomas, Schl.), is a doubtful species (DC. Prod, iv, 551).)
412. B. parviflora, Mey.
Fl. March- June. Along roads and in forests. — St. Croix (Benzon in Hb. Havn.) ; St. Jan (Bustenberg, not uncommon).
[Cultivated species : Ixora Bandhuca, Boxb. (v. Burning Love), and I. stricta, Boxb.]
SYNAIN THERE JE.
413. Sparganophorus Vaillantii, G.
Fl. March-Sept. In moist localities, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas (DC. Prod, v, 12).
414. Vernonia arborescens, Sw. a) Swartziana, (i) Lessingiana, y) divaricata, Sw. Fl. May-Dec In thickets, all three forms not uncommon. — All islands.
415. V. punctata, Sw.
Fl. all the year round. In thickets, common. — All islands.
416. V. Thomas, Benth. (Vid. Medd. fraNat. For. 1852, p. 66).
Fl. all the year round. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Thomas.
FLORA OF ST. CEOIX AND THE VIEGIN ISLANDS. 63
417. Elephantopus mollis, Ktb.
Ft. March-May. Head 4-flowered. In pastures, here and there. — All islands.
418. Distreptus spicatus, Cass.
Fl. Jan.-March. In pastures and along roads, common. — All islands.
419. Ageratum conyzoides, L.
Fl. Dec-June. Achenium usually 4-gonous. Along roads and ditches, common. — All islands.
420. Hebeclinium macrophyllum, DC.
Fl. June-Sept. Achenium black, 3-gonous. In forests. — St. Croix (rare ; Caledonia, Wills Bay) ; St. Thomas (not uncommon).
421. Eupatorium odoratum, L. (v. Christmas-bush).
Fl. Nov. -March. Along roads and in thickets, common. — All islands.
422. E. repandum, W.
Fl. Dec-July. On hills, not common. — All islands.
423. E. atriplicifolium, Vahl (Symb. Bot. iii, 96).
Fl. Dec-May. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous ; glandular impressions numerous on the upper surface. Flower odorous. On sandy shores, common. — All islands.
424. E. canescens, Vahl.
Fl. Oct .-Nov. In thickets, uncommon. St. Croix (Spring-gut) ; St. Thomas (DC. Prod, v, 155).
425. E. A yap an a, Vent.
St. Croix (naturalized sec Vahl, who received it from Pflug; probably only cultivated).
426. E. cuneifolium, Willd.
St. Thomas (DC. Prod, v, 177).
427. Mikania gonoclada, DC.
Fl. Dec-March. In forests. — St. Croix (rare ; Caledonia) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon).
428. Erigeron cuneifolius, DC. (Prod, v, 288).
Fl. Dec-July. — Ehizome perennial, for which reason this species must be considered sufficiently distinct from the annual E. Jamaicensis, Sw. The two species are united into one by Prof. Grisebach in his Fl. p. 365. In pastures on high hills, not uncommon above 1200'. — Virgin Islands.
429. E. spathulatus, Yahl.
' Fl. April- July. Along roads and ditches, rather common. — All islands.
64 FLOKA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
430. E. canadensis, L.
Fl. June-Nov. Bay-flowers often ligulate. Along roads, common. — All islands.
431. Baccharis Vahlii, DC. (Prod, v, 411) (B. dioica, Vahl).
Fl. all the year round. As much as 30' high. On rocky seashores, gregarious, not uncommon. (The specific name of DC. is to be pre- ferred to that of Vahl, notwithstanding the priority of the latter, for the reasons stated in the Prodromus.) — St. Croix (northwestern coast).
432. Fluchea odorata, Cass. (v. Sweet Scent, Ovra bla).
Fl. Feb,- April. Leaves used as tea against colds and as diuretic medicine. In moist localities, not uncommon. — All islands.
433. P. purpurascens, DC.
Fl. all the year round. Along rivulets, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Gailows Bay, Kingshill Gut).
434. Pterocaulon virgatum, DC.
Fl. all the year round. On dry hills, common. — All islands.
435. Melampodium divaricatum, DC. (Prod, v, 520) (AT. paludosum, Kth.).
Fl. Oct.-Feb. Along ditches, gregarious, rare. — St. Croix (Jolly Hill).
436. Ogiera ruderalis, Gris.
Virgin Islands (Gris. Fl. p. 3G9).
437. Acanthospermum humile, DC.
Fl. all the year round. Leaves not glandular beneath. A common weed along roads. — St. Thomas.
438. Xanthium macrocarpum, DC. (Prodr. v, 523) (X orientate, L.).
Fl. Oct.-Feb. A common weed, naturalized around dwellings. — All islands.
439. Farthenium Hysterophorus, L. (v. Mule-weed, White-head-broom).
Fl. all the year round. A very common weed everywhere. — All islands.
440. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, L. ft) trinitensis.
Fl. Sept.-Oct. Naturalized in waste places. — St. Croix (Fredrikssted).
441. Zinnia multiflora, L. (v. Snake-flower).
Fl. Feb.-Aug. Along roads, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands.
442. Z. elegans, Jacq.
Fl. May-Oct. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands.
443. Eclipta alba, Hassk.
Fl. June-Fob. In moist localities, not uncommon. — All islands.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 65
444. Bonichia arborescens, DC.
Fl. all the year round. On sandy shores, gregarious. — St. Croix (com- mon); St. Thomas (Smith's Bay).
445. Wedelia carnosa, Rich.
Fl. June-Jan. Along ditches, gregarious. — St. Croix (western part of the island, not uncommon).
446. W. buphthalmoides, Gris. (v. Wild Tobacco), a), /?) antiguensis, Nichols,
and y) dominicensis. FLall the year round. Leaves delicately fragrant, a) rare; /S) and y) common along roads and in thickets. — All islands.
447. W. affinis, DC. (Prod, v, 541) {W. calycina, Rich.).
St. Thomas (Wydler).
448. W. acapulensis, HB. K.
St. Thomas (Schl. in Linnsea, 1831, 727).
(Grisebach, Fl. 372, thinks these two species to be included probably in W. frutescens, Jacq.)
449. W. cruciana, Rich.
St. Croix (DC. Prodr. v, 542).
450. W. discoidea, Less. (Linnaea, 1831, 728).
St. Thomas (Less. 1. c).
451. Melanthera deltoidea, Rich. St. Thomas (Less.).
452. Sclerocarpua africanus, Jacq. (Icon.Rar. i, t. 176).
Fl. Nov.-Dec. Along roads and in thickets, rare. (Naturalized!) — St. Thomas (Parade ground).
453. Bidens leucanthus, W.
Fl. Sept.-Dec. Under trees, on high hills.— St. Croix (West, p. 303) ; Virgin Islands (common).
454. B. bipinnatus, L.
Fl. Sept.-March. Achenium often 5-aristate. In pastures and along ditches, common. — All islands.
455. Cosmos caudatus, Kth.
Fl. Dec-March. Along roads and in fields, not uncommon.— All islands.
456. Verbesina alata, L.
Fl. Feb.-Aug. Naturalized in gardens.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 5
66 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
457. Synedrella nodiflora, G. (v. Fatten barrow).
Fl. all the year round. A common weed everywhere. — All islands.
458. Pectis punctata, Jacq.
Fl. Oct.-March. In pastures and along ditches, common. — All islands.
459. P. linifolia, Less.
St. Thomas (Less. Gris. Fl. p. 378).
460. P. humifusa, Sw.
Fl. all the year round. Gregarious on rocks and between stones, not uncommon. — All islands.
461. Egletes domingensis, Cass. a)glabrata, DC; /3) carduifolia, DC; y)genuiua. Fl. all the year round. On the sandy seashore, a) and y) rather com- mon, fi) found by Oersted (Vid. Medd. 1852, p. 106).— St. Thomas.
462. Erechthites hieracifolia, Raf. a) and 7) cacaloides, Less.
Fl. all the year round. In moist localities, not uncommon. — St. Croix (y) ; St. Thomas (a).
463. Emilia sonchifolia, DC.
Fl. Jan.-Oct. In shady localities. Naturalized, common. — All
islands.
464. E. sagittata, DC. (Prodr. vi, 302) (Cacalia coccinca, Sims.).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
(Cacalia coccinea, Sims., is, according to DC. Prodr. vi, 332, a synonym for Emilia coccinea. This latter species does, however, not occur in the Prodromus at all, and on a former page, 302, the Cacalia of Sims, is given as synonymous with E. sagittata.)
I
465. Leria nutans, DC.
Fl. June-March. In shady localities on hills, not uncommon.— All islands. t
466. Brachyrhamphus intybaceus, DC. (Jacq. Icon.Rar. i, t. 16-2).
Fl. all the year round. Near dwellings and in waste places, a com- mon weed. — All islands.
467. Sonchus oleraceus, L. (v. Wild Salad).
Fl. all the year round. Achenium mostly 4-furrowed. Along roads and uear dwellings, common. — All islands.
(Chrysogonum dichotomum, sp. nov., Vabl, mentioned in West, p. 303, as occurring in St. Croix, is not described in any of Vahl's publications ;
FLORA OF ST. CEOIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 67
and as no specimens are to be found in Hb. Havn., I have not been able to identify the species.)
[Cultivated species : Helianthus annuus, L. (v. Sunflower) ; Pyrethrum indicium, Cass. ; Aster chinensis, L. ; Tagetes patula, L. ; Titlionia speciosa, Hook.; Georgina variabilis, Willd., and Lactuca sativa, L. (v. Salad).]
EOBEEIACEJE.
468. Isotoma longiflora, Prsl.
Fl. all the year round. The whole plant is poisonous. In shady locali- ties and in pastures on high hills. St. Croix (rare, Mount Pleasant, Wills Bay) ; Virgin Islands (rather common on the hills).
GOODETCOVSACE^.
469. Scaevola Plumieri, L.
Fl. Jan.-April. On sandy shores. — St. Croix (not uncommon) ; St.
Thomas (Smith's Bay).
MYRSINACE^:.
470. Ardisia coriacea, Sw.
Fl. June-Aug. Leaves minutely spotted beneath. In forests and on high hills, not uncommon. — All islands.
471. Jacquinia armillaris, L. a) and (3) arborea, V. (v. Bay Sallie).
Fl. Sept.-Feb. On the rocky shore, not uncommon. — All islands.
SAPOTACEH.
472. Chrysophyllum Cainito, L. (v. Star-apple).
Fl. May-July. Fruit edible. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Springfield) ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
473. C. pauciflorum, Lam.
Fl. June. In forests, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill).
474. C. oliviforme, Sw. 13) monopyrenum.
Fl. July. In forests, not very common. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
475. C. microphyllum, Jacq. (v. Palmer).
Fl. Sept.-Jan. In wooded valleys, rare. — St Croix (Bugby Hole) ; St. Thomas (Santa Maria Gut).
476. C. glabrum, Jacq.
Fl. Sept.-Dec. and March-July. In woods and thickets, common. — All islands.
477. Sapota Achras, Mill. (v. Mespel).
Fl. Sept.-Oct. and March. Fruit sweet, edible. In forests and culti- vated, common. — All islands.
G8 FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
473. S. Sideroxylcn, Gris. (v. Bully wood).
Not seen in flower. A tall tree, affording a splendid purple, very Lard timber. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (Baas Gut).
479. Sideroxylon Mastichodendron, Jacq. (v. Mastic).
Fl. Aug.-Sept. An excellent timber tree. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Lebanon Hill) ; St. Thomas (Northside Bay) ; St. Jan (Baas Gut) (Montserrat, Eyan in Hb. Havn.).
480. Dipholis salicifolia, DC.
Fl. Feb.-March. In thickets and forests. — St. Croix (not uncommon in the western part of the island) 5 St. Jan (Klein Caneel Bay).
481. Bumelia cuneata, Sw. (v. Break-bill).
Fl. Feb.-April. Branches often transformed into long spines. Very good timber tree. Along the coast principally in marshy soil, not un- common.— All islands.
482. Lucuma multiflora, DC. {Acliras macrophylla, Valil in Hb. Havn.).
Fl. June-July and Dec-Jan. Leaves as much as \\' long. — St. Croix (Hb. Havn. from Wills Bay) ; St. Thomas (here and there in forests ; Signal Hill, 1500').
stybacej:.
483. Symplocos martinicensis, Jacq.
Fl. March-Aug. In forests on high hills. Flowers fragrant. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill above 1200', not uncommon).
EBErVACE^E.
484. Maccreightia caribaea, A. DC.
Vieques (Duchassaing sec. Gris. System. Unters. p. 91).
OEEACEiE.
485. Linociera compacta, R. Br.
Fl. May-Oct. In forests, rather common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
486. Forestiera porulosa, Poir. a) and /?) Jacquinii, Egg. (Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 625). Fl. Feb. and Sept.-Oct. In thickets near the coast, uncommon. — a)
St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill) ; P) St. Croix (northern shore near Claremont).
JASITIINACE^.
487. Jasmimim pubescens, W. (v. Star Jessamine).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands. [Cultivated species: J. officinale, L.; J. rcvolutum, L. (v. Nepaul Jes- samine), and Nyctanthes Sambac, L. (v. Double Jessamine).]
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 69
APOCYMCEJE.
483. Thevetia neriifolia, Juss. (v. Milk-bush).
Fl. all the year round. Wood employed for building boats. In thick- ets on dry hills, common. — All islands.
489. Rauwolfia nitida, L. (v. Milk-tree).
Fl. all the year round. In forests and thickets, common. — All islands.
490. R. Lamarckii, A. DC. (v. Bitter-bush).
Fl. all the year round. On dry hills, common. — All islands.
491. Nerium Oleander, L. (v. Neriura).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. Common. — All islands.
492. Taberneemontana (citrifolia, Jacq. ?).
Fl. June-Aug. In thickets, here and there. — St. Thomas (French- man's Bay).
493. Vinca rosea, L. (v. Church-flower).
Fl. all the year round. Near houses and on waste places, very com- mon.— All islands.
494. Plumieria rubra, L. (v. Red Franchipani).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized near dwellings. — All islands.
495. P. obtusifolia, L. (v. White Franchipani).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands.
496. P. alba, L. (v. Snake-root, Klang hout).
Fl. all the year round. On rocks near the shore and in dry thickets, common. — All islands.
497. Echites agglutinata, Jacq.
Fl. July-Aug. In thickets, rare. — St. Croix (Cane Bay) ; St. Thomas (Flag Hill).
498. E. circinalis, Sw.
Fl. Dec. In forests, rare. — St.Thomas (Flag Hill).
499. E. neriandra, Gris.
Fl. Oct.-Jan. Here and there in thickets, not uncommon. — All islands.
500. E. suberecta, Jacq.
Fl. May- Aug. In thickets, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill) ; St. Croix (West, p. 277).
70 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
501. E. barbata, Desv.
St. Croix ; St. Thomas (DC. Proclr. viii, 453).
[Cultivated species : Allamanda cathartica, L., and Taberii(emontana capensis, L. (v. Cape Jessamine).]
ASCLEPIABACEJE.
502. Metastelma parviflorum, R. Br. St. Thomas (Duchass).
503. M. Schlechtendalii, Decs. {M. alliflorum, Gris.).
Fl. all the year round. In dry thickets, very common. — All islands. (The specific distinction of Grisebach's species does not seem to be sufficiently permanent to justify a separation into two.)
504. Asclepias curassavica, L. (v. Wild Ipecacuana).
Fl. all the year round. Eoot used as an emetic. Along roads and ditches, common. — All islands.
505. A. nivea, L.
St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 419).
506. Sarcostemma Brownei, Mey.
St. Thomas (West, p. 278, as Asclepias viminalis, Sw.).
507. Calotropis procera, R. Br. (v. Silk Cattun).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in dry localities, common. — All islands.
508. Ibatia muricata, Gris.
Fl. all the year round. In dry thickets, common. — All islands.
509. Fischeria scandens, DC.
Fl. Aug. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Spring-gut). [Cultivated species; Hoy a camosa, E. Br. (v. Wax-flower) and Ste- phanotis Jioribunda, A. Brongn.]
C©IVV©L,V1II,ACE,E.
510. Ipomaea bona-nox, L.
Fl. Oct.-May. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
511. I. Tuba, Don.
Fl. all the year round. On shrubs near the coast, uncommon. — All islands.
FLORA OF ST. CEOIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 71
512. I. tuberosa, L.
Fl. Feb.-March. In forests, rare, — St. Croix (Bugby Hole) ; St. Thomas (SchL).
513. I. dissecta, Pursli (v. Noyau Vine).
Fl. ISov.-May. Corolla-tube purple inside. The whole plant has a taste of prussic acid, and is used for the preparation of a liquor called Noyau. On fences and along roads, common. — All islands.
514. I. pentaphylla, Jacq.
Fl. Dec-March. In thickets and along ditches. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
515. I. quinquefolia, Gris.
Fl. Dec-Jan. Corolla expanded from 8 A. M. to 3 P. M. In pastures and low thickets, common. — St. Thomas.
516. 1. Batatas, Lam. (v. Sweet Potato), a), (3) leucorrhiza, and y) porphyrorhiza. Fl. all the year round. Propagated by cuttings. . A common vege- table. Cultivated and naturalized everywhere. — All islands.
517. I. fastigiata, Swt. a).
Fl. Oct.- Jan. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Thomas.
518. I. violacea, L. (v. Granni Vine).
Fl. Dec-Feb. Coralla expanded towards evening. In forests and along rivulets, not uncommon. — All islands.
519. I. carnea, Jacq.
St. Croix (Wills Bay sec. West, p. 272).
520. I. leucantha, Jacq. (Icon.Ear. ii, t. 318).
Fl. March-May. Capsule pilose; roots tuberous. On dry hills, not uncommon. — St. Jan (near Klein Kanelbay).
521. I. triloba, L. a) and /3) Eustachiana, Jacq.
Fl. Sept.-March. Corolla expanded till 10 A. M. Both forms in moist localities, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
522. I. umbellata, Mey.
FL Jan.-March. Along rivulets and ditches,- common. — All islands.
523. I. pes-caprae, Sw. (v. Bay Vine).
Fl. all the year round. Corolla sometimes white. On sandy sea- shores, very common. — All islands.
72 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
524. I. asarifolia, R. S.
Danish islands (Gris. Fl. p. 471).
(As this species is a native of Senegal, I doubt the correctness of the above habitat.)
525. I. quinquepartita, R. S. (Conv. ovalifolius, West (non Valil) sec. DC. Prodr. is,
367).
St. Croix (West, p. 271).
52G. I. triquetra, R. S. {Conv. triqueter, Vahl, Symb. Bot. iii, 32).
St. Croix (West, p. 271); St. Thomas (Schl.).
527. I. repanda, Jacq.
Fl. Feb.-March. Leaves heteromorphous, often 2-4-lobed. Tubers large, a favourite food for wild hogs. In forests, unconinion. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill); St. Jan (Macumbi).
523. I. filiformis, Jacq.
Fl. Oct.-April. In thickets, often near the shore, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
529. I. arenaria, Steud.
Fl. Dec-April. Stem woody, as much as \" diam. Eoot large, tuberous. Flowering partly precocious. On dry hills, in thickets, not uncommon. — All islands.
530. I. Quamoclit, L. (v. Sweet William).
Fl. all the year round. Near dwellings and along roads, common. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
531. T. coccinea, L. (I. hederwfolia, L.).
Fl. Dec-March. In thickets, common. — All islands.
532. I. Nil, Rth. (Bot. Mag. t. 188) (v. Morning-glory).
Fl. Oct.-March. Corolla expanded till 9 A. M. Along ditches and near dwellings, common. — All islands.
533. I. purpurea, Lain.
Fl. Oct -Feb. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
534. I. acuminata, R. S.
Fl. Nov.-March. Corolla crimson, as stated in Symb. Bot. iii, 26. Near rivulets, on trees, rare. — St. Croix (Golden Rock).
535. I. tiliacea, Chois. St. Thomas (Schl.).
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 73
536. Jacquemontia tamnifolia, Gris.
Fl. Dec.-Feb. Seeds glabrous, greyish. In thickets, common. — All islands.
537. Convolvulus pentanthus, Jacq. (Jacquemontia violacea, Chois.). Fl. Aug.-Dec In thickets, on hills, common. — All islands.
538. C. jamaicensis, Jacq.
Fl. Dec.-Feb. In thickets, on the sandy seashore, rare. — St. Croix (Sandy Point) 5 St. Thomas (CowelFs); Water Island.
539. C. nodiflorus, Desr. (C alUflorus, West) (v. Clashi-mulat). Fl. Oct.-March. Common in thickets. — All islands.
540. C. melanostictus, Schl. (Linnsea, vi, 737). St. Thomas (Schl.).
541. C. sagittifer, HB. Kth. St. Thomas (Schl.).
542. Evolvulus linifolius, L.
Fl. Dec-April. In moist localities, here and there. — All islands.
543. E. mucronatus, Sw.
Fl. Dec-March. In marshy soil, not uncommon. — All islands.
544. E. nummularius, L.
Fl. Nov.-March. Among rocks in shady localities, not uncommon. — All islands.
545. Cuscuta americana, L. (v. Love-weed).
Fl. all the year round. In dry thickets, covering shrubs and trees, often killing them. Very common. — All islands.
(West, p. 271, mentions two species, Convolvulus matutlnus and C.vene- natus, as occurring in St. Croix, and refers for their description to Yahl's Symb. Bot. pars 3, as spec. nov. As, however, they are not described in any of Vahl's publications, and no specimens are in existence in Hb. Havn., I am unable to say whether they are old species or new ones.)
[Cultivated species : Ipomcea Learii, Annal. Fl. et Pom. 1840, p. 381, and I. Horsfallicv, Hook.]
HYDBOLEACE^;,
546. Nama jamaicensis, L.
« Fl. March- Aug. Among stones and rocks, a common weed. — St. Croix ;
St. Thomas.
74 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
BORAGOfACEiE.
547. Cordia Gerascanthus, Jacq. (3) subcanescens (v. Rosewood, Cuppar).
Fl. Oct. An excellent timber tree. In forests, not very common. — Virgin Island.
543. C. alba, R. S. (v. White Manjack).
Fl. March-Sept. In thickets and along roads, not uncommon. — St. Croix (eastern part of the island).
549. C. Sebestena, Jacq. u) (Bot. Mag. t. 794). (3) rubra, Egg. (v. Scarlet Cordia,
Fluyte boom).
Fl. all the year round. P) leaf-ribs red; calyx scarlet as the corolla. Both forms common in forests and planted near dwellings. — All islands.
550. C. Collococca, L. (v. Manjack).
Fl. March-April. Precocious. In forests, common. — All islands.
551. C. nitida, Vahl.
Fl. Jan.-Feb. and Sept.-Oct. Flowers slightly odorous. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
552. C. laevigata, Lam. St. Thomas (Schl.).
553. C. sulcata, DC.
Fl. June. Leaves up to 1£' long. In forests, not common. — Virgin Islands ; St. Croix (West, p. 275).
554. C. ulmifolia. Juss. o) ovata, (3) ovalis, and y) lineata.
Fl. May-Aug. In dry thickets, common.— a) all islands ; /?) St. Thomas (Ledru) ; r) St. Croix (West).
555. C. cylindristachya, Sprcngl. a) portoricensis, Sprgl. j3) floribunda, Sprgl.
6) graveolens, Kth.
Fl. all the year round. On dry hills. All three forms common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
556. C. martinicensis, R. S.
St. Croix (Griseb. Fl. p. 481).
557. C. globosa, Kth.
Fl. July-Sept. In thickets, not uncommon.— St. Croix; St. Thomas.
558. Beurreria succulenta, Jacq. (v. Juniper).
Fl. June-Sept. In forests and thickets, common. — All islands.
559. Rochefortia acanthophora, Gris.
Fl. June-Sept. In thickets. — St. Croix (rare, Fair Plain, Jacob's Peak) ; Virgin Islands (not uucommon).
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 75
560. Tournefortia gnaphalodes, R.Br. (v. Sea-lavender).
Fl. all the year round. On sandy shores, common. — All islands.
561. T. hirsutissima, L. (v. Chichery grape).
Fl. Sept.-April. Along roads and in thickets, especially on lime- stone, common. — All islands.
562. T. fcetidissima, L.
St. Croix (West, p. 270).
563. T. bicolor, Sw. /?) laevigata, Lam.
Fl. May. Berry globose, white. Among rocks on high hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Crown, 1500').
564. T. laurifolia, Vent. St. Thomas (DC).
565. T. volubilis, L.
Fl. May-Aug. Inflorescence extra-axillary, often transformed into a hollow, globose, muricate, green monstrosity, in which lives the larva of a dipterous insect. Common in thickets. — All islands.
566. T. microphylla, Desv.
Fl. May-Sept. In the same localities as the former, common. — All islands.
567. Heliotropium indicum, L.
Fl. all the year round. Along roads and in waste places, common. — All islands.
568. H. parviflorum, L. (v. Eye-bright).
Fl. all the year round. A common weed' everywhere. — All islands.
569. H. curassavicum, L.
Fl. the whole year. On the sandy seashore, common. — All islands.
570. H. fruticosum, L.
Fl. all the year round. Up to 6' high. On dry hills. — St. Croix (com- mon in the eastern part); Virgin Islands (not uncommon). [Cultivated species: H. peruvianum, L. (v. Heliotrope.)]
POLEMONIACE.E.
[Cultivated in gardens : Phlox Drwnmondii, Hook.]
SOLArYACEJE.
571. Brunfelsia americana, Sw. a) and 3) pubescens (v. Rain-tree).
Fl. May-Dec. Flowers odorous before rain. In thickets and woods, common. — Virgin Islands (cultivated in gardens in St. Croix).
76 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
572. Datura Metel, L. (v. Fire- weed).
Fl. all the year round. Flowers nocturnal. Along roads and in waste places, naturalized everywhere. — All islands.
573. D. fastuosa, L.
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — All islands.
574. D. Tatula, L.
Fl. May-Dec. Along roads, naturalized, hut rare. — St. Croix (Hope).
575. D. Stramonium, L. (v. Fire-weed).
Fl. Sept.-Feb. Naturalized in waste places, common. — All islands.
576. Nicotiana Tabacum, L.
Fl. May-No v. Used as a medicine, but not for smoking. Naturalized near dwellings. — All islands.
577. Physalis peruviana, L.
Fl. May-Nov. In fields, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Eapoon).
578. P. pubescens, L.
Fl. March-May. In shady valleys, uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis) ; St. Thomas.
579. P. Linkiana, Ns.
Fl. Dec. In cultivated fields, not uncommon. — St. Thomas.
580. P. angulata, L.
Fl. Sept.-Jan. Stamens of unequal length ; anthers successively de- hiscent. Along roads and ditches, common. — All islands.
581. Capsicum dulce, Hort. (DC. Prodr. xiii, i, 428) (v. Sweet Pepper).
Fl. March-July. Berry oblong. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
582. C. frutescens, L. (v. Bird Pepper).
Fl. Aug.-Dec. Used as a condiment. Here and there in forests and cultivated. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
583. C. baccatum, L. (v. Small Pepper).
Fl. Aug.-Jan. In forests and near dwellings, not uncommon. — All islands.
584. C. annuum, L. (v. Pepper).
Fl. all the year round. Fruit universally used as a condiment. Cul- tivated and naturalized everywhere. — All islands.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 77
585. Lycopersicum cerasiforme, Dun. (Solan, p. 113) (v. Small Trovo).
Fl. May-Sept. Berry globose, small, yellow. Not uncommon near dwellings (perhaps only naturalized). Used as a vegetable. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
536. L. esculentum, Mill. (v. Tomato, Trovo).
Fl. all the year round. Berry used as a vegetable. Cultivated and naturalized everywhere. — All islands.
587. Solanum nodiflorum, Jacq. a) and (3) oleraceum, Dun. (v. Lumbusb).
Fl. May-Dec. Stem often prickly. In fields and in waste places, com- mon.— All islands.
588. S. verbascifolium, L. (v. Turkey-berry).
Fl. June-Oct. In waste places, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands; St. Croix (West, p. 274).
589. S. racemosum, L. (v. Canker-berry).
Fl. all the year round. Proterandrous. In waste places, very com- mon.— All islands.
590. S. igneum, L. (v. Canker-berry).
Fl. all the year round. Habitat of the preceding. Very common. — All islands.
591. S. bahamense, L. (8. persicaefoUum, Dun.)
Fl. Jan.-Aug. Along coasts, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands.
592. S. lanceifolium, Jacq.
Not seen flowering. Leaves and stem very prickly. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (King's Hill, 1000').
593. S. torvum, Sw. (v. Plate-busb).
Fl. all the year round. A shrub or small tree. Iu forests and near dwellings, common. — All islands.
594. S. inclusum, Gris., var. albiflorum, Egg. - A* :U>t>tM> Fl. all the year round. Corolla white, f"-l" diam. Stigma 3-5-
branched, stellate. Berry globose, somewhat depressed, hirsute* orange- coloured, 1" diam. The excrescent calyx prickly. In dry thickets, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands.
595. S. aculeatissimum, Jacq.
Fl. April-May. Naturalized by mules from Montevideo. — St. Croix (Frederiksted).
596. S. mammosum, L.
St. Croix (West, p. 275).
78 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
597. S. polygamum, Vulil (v. Kakkerlakka-berry).
Fl. all the year round. In dry thickets, common.— Virgin Islands.
(In DO. Prodr. xiii, i, 197, it is stated that this species has been found in St. Croix by Wydler, which, however, appears doubtful to me. West, p. 275, only gives St. Jan as habitat, yet Vahl in his Symb. Bot. iii, 39, and after him probably Griseb. Fl. p. 443, refer to West as the authority for St. Croix as habitat.)
598. Cestrum laurifolium, L'Her.
Fl. Jan.- April. Petiole black ; berry dark purple. ■ In forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
599. C. diurnum, L.
Fl. Feb.-June. In forests, uncommon. — Virgin Islands; St. Croix (West, p. 276).
600. C. nocturnum, L.
Fl. March. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (Eogiers, Joshee Gut).
[Cultivated species: Datura suaveolens, HBK.; Petunia nyctagini flora, Juss., and P. vioJacea, Liudl.; Solanum Seaforthianum, Andr., S. tubero- sum, L. (v. Irish potato), and S. Melongena, L. (v. Egg-plant, Beranger).]
§CBOPHULABIACEiE.
601. Scoparia dulcis, L.
Fl. all the year round. A common weed along roads and in moist localities. — All islands.
602. Capraria biflora, L. a) and /3) pilosa (v. Goat-weed).
Fl. all the year round. Leaves used for tea. Both forms along roads, common, a) in moist, /3) in dry localities. — All islands.
603. Herpestis stricta, Sclirad. St. Thomas (Benth.).
604. H. chamaedryoides, Ktli.
Fl. Dec-March. Pedicel bearing two bracteolse at the base. The two innermost calyx-lobes setaceous. In moist localities, rare. — St. Croix (Spring-gut).
605. H. Monniera, Kth.
Fl. all the year round. Along rivulets and on the margins of lagoons, common. — All islands.
606. Vandellia diffusa, L.
St. Croix (Eyan in Hb. Havn., Vahl's Eclogue, ii, 47) (Montserrat, Eyan in Hb. Havn., "vulgaris").
FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 79
[Cultivated species: Maurandia Barclay ana, Lindl. (v. Fairy Ivy), and Russeliajunceci) Zucc. (v. Madeira Plant).]
607. Cresceutia Cujete, L. (v. Calabash-tree).
Fl. all the year round. Leaves deciduous in Dec. The fruit is used for vessels. "Near dwellings and in forests, common. — All islands.
608. C. cucurbitina, L. (v. Black Calabash).
Fl. March-ISTov. Wood used for boat-building. In dense forests near rivulets, not uncommon. — All islands.
609. Catalpa longisiliqua, Cham. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 446).
610. Tecoma Berterii, DC.
Fl. March-July. Leaves deciduous Feb.-April. In dry thickets, common. — Virgin Islands.
611. T. leucoxylon, Mart. (v. White Cedar).
Fl. March-April, precocious, and later coetanous in Sept.-Oct. Wood used for building boats. In forests and on dry hills, common. — All islands.
612. T. stans, Juss. (v. Yellow Cedar).
Fl. all the year round. Anthers pilose beneath. In thickets, com- mon j often gregarious, especially in St. Croix. — All islands.
613. Bignonia aequinoctialis, L.
Fl. April-Sept. Anthers pilose or glabrous (hence Vahl's distinction on this account between his B. spectabUis (Symb. Bot. iii, p. 80) and this species not justified). Here and there in marshy forests. — St. Thomas (Xorthside Bay, Sta. Maria); St. Croix (Salomon's estate, West, p. 294).
614. B. unguis, L. (v. Cat-claw).
Fl. April-May, precocious, later again coetanous in Nov. Stem \\" diam., showing the irregular structure peculiar to all climbing Bignoni- acece. Fruit as much as 26" long. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
615. Distictis lactiflora, DC. (Prodr. ix, 191) (Bignonia, Vahl).
Fl. all the year round. On fences and in dry thickets, here and there.— St. Croix (Cotton Grove, Southgate Farm) (cultivated in St. Thomas). *
[Cultivated species : Tecoma capensis, Lindl.]
80 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
ACANTMACEiE.
616. Ruellia tuberosa, L. (v. Christmas-pride).
Fl. all the year round ; most abundantly towards Christmas. Along roads and ditches, common. — All islands.
617. R. strepens, L.
St. Croix (Isert sec. DC. Prodr. xi, 121).
618. Stemonacanthus coccineus, Gris.
Fl. Jan.- April. Cleistogamous flowers in July ; also an intermediate form between cleistogamous and normal flowers. In shady forests, rare. — St. Croix (Caledonia, Wills Bay) 5 St. Jan (Bordeaux Hills); St. Thomas (Wydl. sec. DC. Prodr. xi, 217).
619. Blechnum Brownei, Jnss. (v. Penguin Balsam).
Fl. Dec- April. Used against cough. In pastures and along ditches, common. — All islands.
620. Barleria lupulina, Lindl. (Bot. Reg. t. 1483).
Fl. Dec-April. Naturalized near dwellings and in gardens. — St. Thomas; St. Jan.
621. Thyrsacanthus nitidus, Ns.
St. Croix (v. Bohr sec. Symb. Bot. ii, 5, and Isert sec. DC. Prodr. xi, 327); St. Thomas (Nees).
622. Dianthera pectoralis, Murr. (v. Garden Balsam).
Fl. Dec-March. Used against coughs. Naturalized near dwellings and in gardens. — All islands.
6"?3. D. sessilis, Gris. (Justicia pauciflora, Vahl in Eclog. Am. i, 2).
Fl. June-July. Flowers often cleistogamous. Bhizome perennial. In thickets, here and there. — St. Croix (Salt Biver); St. Thomas.
624. Justicia carthagenensis, Jacq.
Fl. Dec-March. Along ditches and in forests. — All islands.
625. J. reflexiflora, Rich. (Valil's Ennm. Plant, i, 157), var. glandulosa, Egg.
Fl. all the year round. Bracts densely glanduliferous. Seeds glo- bose, brown. Procumbent among bushes.— St. Croix (rare, Fair Plain); St. Thomas; Buck Island (not uncommon).
626. J. periplocaefolia, Jacq. St. Thomas (Schl.).
fr^l. Beloperone nemorosa, Nees.
Fl. Jan.-March. Calyx one-sixth of the length of the corolla. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Caledonia, Ham's Bluff Valley).
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 81
628. Crossandra infundibuliformis, Nees.
Fl. March-June. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix.
629. Stenandrium rupestre, Ns. (DC. Prodr. xi, 283) (Rwllia ?, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ.
p. 1071 ; Plum. Icon. ed. Biirm. t. 75, as Gerardia). c) glabrous, /?) pilose.
Fl. Dec-May, cleistogamous. Normal flowers June-Aug. Corolla expanded till 9 A. M. Rhizome perennial; roots fusiform, tuberous. Gregarious on the ground in forests, rare. — a) St. Thomas (Flag Hill, 700'-900') ; fi) St. Jan (Baas Gut).
630. Anthacanthus spinosus, Nees.
Fl. all the year round. Flowers heterostylous. On rocks and in for- ests, common, especially in St. Croix. — All islands.
631. A. jamaicensis, Gris.
Fl. June-July. Corolla-lobes glandular inside. On limestone, rare. — St. Croix, in stony ground.
632. A. microphyllus, Ns.
Fl. May-Aug. In forests, here and there. — All islands.
633. Dicliptera adsurgens, Juss.
Fl. Jan.-Feb., cleistogamous; normal, March-April. In thickets and near ditches. — St. Croix (common) ; St. Jan (less common).
634. Thunbergia volubilis, Pers.
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized along ditches and rivulets. — St. Croix (Caledonia, Mt. Stewart); St. Thomas (Tutu).
[Cultivated species: Graptophyllum Jwrtense, Nees, Justicia bicolot?y Andr., Thunbergia alata, Boj., Th.fragra?is, Boxb., and Sesamum orien- tale, L. (v. Benye).]
GESNERIACEiE.
635. Martynia diandra, Glox. (v. Cocks).
Fl. Sept.-Dec. Three rudimentary filaments; l'-3' high. Along roads and in waste places, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
EABSAT^).
636. Ocimum Basilicum, L.
Fl. May-Aug. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands.
637. O. micranthum, "W. (v. Passia Balsam).
Fl. Aug.-Nov. Corolla expanded during the morning. Used against coughs. Along ditches and in pastures, gregarious. — All islands.
638. Coleus amboinicus, L. (v. East India Thyme).
Fl. April-May. Naturalized in dry localities, gregarious. — All islands.
Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 6
82 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
639. Hyptis capitata, Jacq. (v. Wild Hops).
Fl. Nov.-March. Along rivulets, common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
64-0. H. suaveolens, Poit.
Fl. Oct.-Feb. 3'— 4' liigli. In dry localities, common. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
641. H. pectinata, Poit. (v. French Tea).
Fl. Nov.-April. As much as 8' high. In dry localities, not uncom- mon.— All islands.
642. H. verticillata, Jacq.
St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 489).
643. Salvia occidentalis, Sw.
Fl. Dec-March. Ehizome thick. Along roads, common. — All islands.
644. S. tenella, Sw.
St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 490; Schl.).
645. S. serotina, L.
Fl. Sept.-April. Leaves very bitter. Corolla white. In dry locali- ties, gregarious, common. — All islands.
646. S. coccinea, L. a) and /?) ciliata, Benth.
Fl. all the year round. Along ditches and roads, common. — All islands.
647. Leonurus sibiricus, L.
Fl. all the year round. Corolla sometimes white. A common weed in fields and along roads. — All islands.
648. Leucas martinicensis, R. Br.
Fl. March-Nov. A weed, common in gardens and along roads. — St. Croix.
649. Leonotis nepetaefolia, R. Br. (v. Hollow Stock).
Fl. all the year round. Corolla sometimes white. Gregarious, a very common weed everywhere. — All islands.
650. Mentha aquatica, L. (v. Mint).
Not seen flowering. Naturalized along rivulets, gregarious. — St. Croix (Caledonia).
[Cultivated species: Rosmarinus officinalis, L. (v. Kosemary), Thymus vulgaris, L. (v. Thyme), and Origanum Majorana, L. (v. Sweet Marjoram
Tea).J
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 83
VERBEMCE^:.
651. Priva echinata, Juss.
Fl. all the year round. Corolla expanded till 10 A. M. A common weed along roads and in gardens. — All islands.
652. Bouchea Ehrenbergii, Cham.
Fl. Dec-May. Gregarious along roads and in dry localities, com- mon.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
653. Stachytarpha jamaicensis, V. (v. Vervain).
Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded till noon. Pollen 3-4- branched, stellate. Leaves used against fever. Very common along roads and ditches. — All islands.
654. S. strigosa, Vahl.
St. Thomas (Ehrenb. sec. DC. Prodr. xi, 5G4 ; Gris. Fl. p. 494).
655. Lippia nodiflora. Rich.
Fl. all the year round. Gregarious in moist localities, not uncom- mon.— St. Croix (La Peine, Fair Plain).
656. Lantana Camara, L. (v. Sage).
Fl. all the year round. Berry considered to be poisonous. On dry hills, very common. — All islands.
657. L. polyacantha, Schauer (DC. Prodi-, xi, 597) (L. scabrida, Ait.).
Fl. all the year round. In dry localities, here and there. — St. Croix (St. George) ; St. Thomas (Solberg).
658. L. involucrata, L.
Fl. all the year round. Corolla and berry violet. In thickets, com- mon, especially on limestone. — All islands.
659. L. reticulata, Pers.
Fl. all the year round. On limestone, rare. — St. Croix, in stony ground (King's Hill).
660. Citharexylum quadrangulare, Jacq. (v. Fiddlewood, Susanna).
Fl. July-Sept. In forests, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
661. C. cinereum, L. (v. Susanna).
Fl. July-Dec. Leaves of both these species becoming red in Feb., and dropping off at the same time that the new ones make their appear- ance. On young radical shoots the leaves are linear and deeply serrate. The wood is quite useless, even for firewood. In dry thickets and for- ests, common, often gregarious. — All islands.
84 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
662. C. villosum, Jacq. (Icon. Yar. t. 118).
St. Thomas (Schlecht., Bertero, Duchass. sec. Gris. Syst. Unt.).
663. Duranta Plumieri, Jacq.
Fl. May-Dec. Along* roads and in thickets, common. — All islands.
664. Callicarpa reticulata, Sw. St, Croix (West, p. 269).
665. .ZEgiphila martinicensis, Jacq.
Fl. Aug.-Jan. Flowers often heterostylous. In forests, common. — St. Croix.
666. Clerodendron aculeatum, L. (v. Chuc-chuc).
Fl. all the year round. Common on dry hills and in marshy soil. — All islands.
667. C. fragrans, W.
Fl. all the year round. Long creeping rhizome. Gregarious on high hills in shady places, naturalized. — St. Thomas (Dorothea, Liliendal).
668. Petitia domingensis, Jacq. a).
Fl. May-Sept. Leaves often ternate. Drupe commonly 4-loculate. A tree up to 50' high. In forests, not uncommon. — St, Croix (Caledo- nia, Punch, Wills Bay).
669. Vitex divarfcata, Sw.
Fl. May-July. Filaments glandular-pilose. A low tree, here and there in forests.— St. Croix (Caledonia, Wills Bay) ; St. Thomas (Crown) ; St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay).
670. Avicennia nitida, Jacq.
Fl. all the year round. Upper surface of leaves always covered with small salt crystals. Along the seashore and lagoons, common. — All islands.
671. A. tomentosa, Jacq.
St. Croix (West, p. 209) ; St. Thomas (Schl.).
[Cultivated species: Verbena chamccdrifolia, Juss., in several varie- ties, Petrcea voluMMs, Jacq. (v. Wreath-plant), Aloysia citriodora, Ortega (v. Lemon-scented Verbena), Yitex Agjius-castus, L. (v. Wild Black Pep- per), and Holmslxjoldia sanguinea, Eetz.]
M10P6RACE7E.
672. Bontia daphnoides, L. (v. White Ailing).
Fl. all the year round. On sandy shores. — St. Croix (rare, .Turner's Hole) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon).
FLORA. OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLAI^DS. 85
FLANTAGmACE^;.
673. Flantago major, L. /?) tropica (v. English Plantain).
Fl. Jan.-March. Proterogynous. Leaves used against inflammation of the eyes.
PLUMBAGINACEJE.
674. Plumbago scandens, Thunb. (v. Blister-leaf).
Fl. all the year round. Leaves used as blisters. In thickets and forests, common. — All islands.
[Cultivated species: P. capensis, Thunb.]
PH¥TOLACCACEJE.
675. Suriana maritima, L.
Fl. June-Dec. Stamens mostly 10. Filaments pilose. On sandy shores, not uncommon. — All islands.
676. Microtea debilis, Sw.
Fl. July-Sept. In shady places, rare. — St. Croix (Spring Garden, Wills Bay).
677. Rivina laevis, L. (v. Snake-bush, Stark inahart). a) and /3) pubescens.
Fl. all the year round. A common weed everywhere, both forms. — All islands.
678. R. octandra, L.
Fl. Feb.-Aug. Pedicel and calyx becoming reddish-brown as well as the fruit. Stamens in two whorls, mostly 12. In thickets and forests, common. — All islands.
679. Fetiveria alliacea, L. (v. Gully-root).
Fl. all the year round. A very common weed everywhere. — All islands.
CMENOPODIACE^l.
680. Chenopodium ambrosioides, L. ,
Fl. March. In waste places and on walls, here and there. — St. Croix (Fredriksted) ; St. Jan (Cruz Bay).
681. Ch. murale, L.
Fl. Jan.-May. On walls, uncommon, naturalized. — St. Croix; St. Thomas. *
682. Obione cristata, Moq. (DC. Prodr. xiii, ii, p. 110).
Fl. March- Aug. On sandy shores, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Water Bay); St. Jan; St. Croix (Schl.).
86 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
683. Boussingaultia baselloides, Ktli. (Bot. Mag. t. 3G20).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens and cultivated. — St. Croix 5 St. Thomas.
684. Batis maritima, L.
Fl. all the year round. Gregarious along the coast of lagoons, com- mon.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
[Cultivated species : Beta vulgaris, L. (v. Eed Beet).]
AMARAMTACE^E.
685. Celosia argentea, L. (C. margaritacea, L.).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized around dwellings. — St. Thomas ; St. Croix (West, p. 277).
686. C. nitida, Vahl.
Fl. all the year round. In forests and thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix j St. Thomas.
687. Chamissoa altissima, Kth.
Fl. Dec-March. In forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Lebanon Hill) ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
683. Achyranthes aspera, L. a) argentea, Lam. 8) obtusifolia, Lam.
Fl. Dec-March. In thickets and on waste places, common. — All islands.
689. Gomphrena globosa, L. (v. Bachelor's Button).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — All islands.
690. Iresine elatior, Rich.
Fl. Sept.-March. Uppermost leaves always alternate. In thickets, common. — All islands.
691. Philoxerus vermiculatus, R. Br. (v. Bay-flower).
Fl. all the year round. Along the coast, very common, gregarious. — All islands.
692. Alternanthera polygonoides, R. Br. a).
Fl. all the year round. In sandy places, common. — All islands.
693. A. ficoidea, R. Br.
Fl. all the year roupd. In moist localities, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Haulover).
694. A. Achyrantha, R. Br.
Fl. March- Aug. Among rocks and stones, here and there. — St. Croix, St. Thomas (ScliL).
FLOKA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 87
695. Amblogyne polygonoides. Raf.
Fl. all the year round: $ flowers very few. In sandy places near the coast, common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
696. Scleropus amarantoides, Schrad.
Fl. all the year round. Leaves often discoloured with white cross- stripes. In sandy localities, common.— All islands.
697. Euxolus caudatus, Moq.
Fl. all the year round. In waste places, common. — All islands.
698. E. oleraceus, Moq. (v. Limibo).
Fl. all the year round. Near dwellings, common. — All islands.
699. Amarantus spinosus, L.
Fl. Jan.- April. Near rivulets and ditches, uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
700. A. tristis, L.
St. Thomas (Wydler sec. DC. Prodr. xiii, ii, 260).
701. A. paniculatus, L. (v. Bower).
Fl. all the year round. A troublesome weed on account of its long tap-root. Common everywhere. — All islands.
NYCTAGIMCEJ!.
702. Mirabilis Jalapa, L. (v. Four-o'clock).
Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded from 4 P. M., purple, yellow, or pink. Around dwellings, common. — All islands.
703. Boerhaavia erecta, L.
Fl. Dec.-Feb. Along ditches and in pastures, uncommon. — St. Croix (Mt. Stewart).
704. B. paniculata, Rich. (v. Batta-batta).
Fl. all the year round. Calyx often transformed into a hollow mon- strosity by the larva of a wasp. A very common weed. — All islands.
705. Pisonia aculeata, L.
Fl. Feb.-April. In forests, common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
706. P. subcordata, Sw. (v. Mainpoo, Loblolly).
Fl. April-June. Leaves partly deciduous. Wood useless for timber and fuel. Along coasts, common, growing to a large tree. — All islands.
707. P. iuermis, Jacq.
Fl. April-May. Leaves on the young branches whorled. In forests, common. — All islands.
[Cultivated species: Bougainvillea spectabilis, Willd.]
83 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
POI/S7 GOM ACE jE .
708. Ccccoloba uvifera, Jacq. (v. Sea-grape).
Fl. July-Dec. Wood hard, dark purple, used for ship-building. On the sandy seashore, common. Sometimes in the interior as high up as 1200'.— All islands.
709. C. leoganensis, Jacq.
Fl. May-July. Flowers in fascicles of 3-4, of which, however, one only bears fruit. Drupe oval, violet, M" long. On sandy shores, rare. — St. Croix (Sandy Point).
710. C. rugosa, Desf. (DC. Prodr. xiv, 152; Bot. Mag. t. 4536). St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. 1. cX
711. C. laurifolia, Jacq. (Hort. Schcenbr. iii, p. 9, t. 267).
Fl. March-July. Leaves deciduous April to May. Fruit purplish, pointed at both ends. In thickets, here and there. — St. Croix (Sandy Point, Hard Labour).
712. C. diversifolia, Jacq.
Fl. May-July. G'-8' high. Along the coast, uncommon. — St. Croix (La Vallee, Claremont).
713. C. obtusifolia, Jacq.
St. Croix (West, p. 281).
714. C. punctata, Jacq. «) Jacquinii, ,3) barbadensis, Jacq., 6) parvifolia (v. Red
wood, Roeliout), y) microstachya, W.
Fl. Aug.-Dec. a) leaves as much as 1%' long. A shrub or low tree. S) and y) common ; a) and P) uncommon. — All islands.
715. C. nivea, Jacq.
Fl. June-Sept. Flowers delicately odorous. Fruit white when ripe. In forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
(C. Klotzsckiana, Meissn., and C. Kunthiana, Meissn. (DC. Prodr. xiv, 155 and 1G6), are said to have been found in St. Thomas, but they are both very doubtful species, founded on single specimens, and have therefore been here omitted.)
[Cultivated species: Antigonon cor datum, Mart. & Galeotti (v. Mexican Wreath -plant), and Rumex vesicarius, L.]
LAUBACEJE.
716. Cinnamomum zeilanicum, Bl.
Fl. April-May. Naturalized in a few places in shady valleys. — St. Croix (Crequis).
FLORA OF ST CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 89
717. Phcebe antillana, Meissn. (DC. Prodr. xt, i, p. 31). 7) cubensis. St. Croix (West in Hb. Petrop. sec. DC. 1. c.).
(Ph. montana, Gris., said by Meissn. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. p. 236) to be synonymous with Laurus longifolia, Vahl, mentioned by West, p. 2£2, as a new species from St. Croix, ought perhaps to be added to this list ; but as the specimens seen by me in Hb. Havn. as Laurus longifolia, Vahl, do not agree with Grisebach's, I prefer to omit the species here, as being doubtful.)
718. Persea gratissima, Gaertn. (v. Alligator Pear).
PI. March-May. Stamens, 9 perfect, 3 less perfect and sterile, G rudi- mentary. The fruit is a favourite vegetable. In gardens. — All islands.
719. Hufelandia pendula, Ns. (R. Thomcea, Nees).
St. Thomas (sec. DC. Prodr. 1. c. p. Co, Hb. Kunth!).
720. Acrodiclidium salicifolium, Gris.
PI. May-Aug. In forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Wdls Bay, Spring-gut).
721. Nectandra coriacea, Gris.
Fl. May-Aug. In forests, rare. — St. Thomas (Soldier Bay) ; St. Jan (Hb. Havn.).
722. N. membranacea, Gris.
PI. June. In dense forests, uncommon. — St. Croix (Wills Bay) 5 St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
723. N. antillana, Meissn. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 153) (JSF. leucantJia, Gris.).
PI. May-June. In forests, not uncommon. Fragrant. — All islands.
724. Oreodaphne leucoxylon, Nees.
Fl. July. In dense forests on high hills, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill) (Montserrat, Byan in Hb. Havn.).
725. Cassyta americana, L.
Fl. March- April. Inflorescence often branched. On Manchineel and Acacia trees along the seashore, here and there. — St. Croix (Cotton Grove) ; St. Thomas (Water Bay); Vieques (Hb. Havn.).
726. Daphnopsis caribeea, Gris.
Fl. July and Dec-March. In forests, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill, Signal Hill).
90 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
EUPMOREIACEiE.
727. Buxus Vahlii, Baill. (DC. Prodr. xvi, i, p. 16) (Tricera Iwvigata, Sw., var. Sanctce- Cruris, Eggers in Fl. St. Cruris, p. 111).
Fl. June-Oct. On limestone, rare. — St. Croix (Stony Ground).
723. Savia sessiliflora, W. (Spec. Plant, iv, p. 771). Fl. June-Dec. In thickets on dry hills, not uncommon. — All islands.
729. Phyllanthus acuminatus, Vahl (Symb. Bot. ii, 95).
St. Thomas (Herb. DC. sec. DC. Prodr. xv, ii, 381). Vahl, however, gives only Cayenne (Bohr) as habitat.
730. Ph. Niruri, L. (v. Creole Chinine).
Fl. all the year round. Yery common in gardens and along roads. — All islands.
731. Ph. distichus, Mull. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 413) (Cicca, L.) (v. Gooseberry).
Fl. June-Sept. Fruit used for preserves. Naturalized near dwell- ings.— All islands.
732. Ph. nobilis, Mull. (1. c. 415). rj) Antillana (Cicca, Juss.) (v. Gongora-hout).
Fl. July, and afterwards precocious in Dec-Jan. In forests, not un- common.— All islands.
733. Ph. falcatus, Sw. (v. Boxwood).
Fl. all the year round. In marshy soil, not uncommon. — Vieques.
734. Securinega acidothamnus, Mull. (1. c. 451) (Fliiggea, Gris.).
Fl. May-June. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix (eastern part of the island).
(I have adopted Midler's generic name, Fliiggea being an older name for a genus of Opliiopogonece established by L. C. Bickard.)
735. Drypetes laevigata, Gris. ined. (Excoccaria polyandra, Gris. Cat. PI. Cub. p. 20,
& Diagnos. neuer Eupborb. p. 180).
Fl. Sept. $ . I have not found the female flower nor fruit, and am therefore not able to supply the deficiency in this respect in Grise- bach's Diagnosis. — St. Croix (Fair Plain) ; St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay).
736. D. glauca, Vahl.
St. Croix (Hb. Havn. Eyan, Bohr; "Hollow berry of Bugby Hole") (Montserrat, Eyan in Hb. Havn.).
737. Croton astroites, Ait. (v. White Martin).
Fl. Dec-July. Style lG-branched. In dry thickets, very common. — All islands.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 91
738. C. betulinus, VaM (Symb. Bot. ii, p. 98).
Fl. all the year round. A low shrub, brownish. Common in thick- ets.— All islands.
739. C. flavens, L. (v. Maran).
Fl. all the year round. Gregarious on dry hills, also as secondary growth ; very common, and a troublesome shrubby weed. — All islands.
740. C. discolor, Willd. (Spec. Plant, iv, 352) (C. balsamifcr, L.).
Fl. all the year round. Along roads in dry localities, common. — St. Croix (eastern part of the island); St. Thomas (Hb. Thunb. sec. DC. Prodr. 1. c. p. 615).
741. C. ovalfolius, West.
Fl. all the year round. Along roads and in waste places, very com- mon.— All islands.
742. C. lobatus, L.
Fl. March-Dec. In the same places as the preceding, very common. — All islands.
743. C. humilis, L.
St. Thomas (Bertero sec. DC. Prodr. 1. c. 670).
(An arboreous as yet undetermined Crotonea, not found in blossom, occurs in a few specimens on Flag Hill in St. Thomas.)
744. Aleurites Moluccana, Willd. (Spec. Plant, iv, 5S0) (A. triloba, Forst.) (v.
Walnut).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized near dwellings and in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
745. Ricinella pedunculosa, Mull. (Limuea, xxxiv, 153) (Adelia Ritinclla, L.).
Fl. March-May, precocious. Always very spiny. In dry thickets, not uncommon. — All islands.
746. Argyrothamnia fasciculata, Mull. (Liunaea, 1. c. 146) (Ditaxis, Sclil.).
Fl. Jan.-May and Sept. In thickets, not uncommon. — All islands.
747. A. candicans, Mull. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 741) (Argythamnia, Sw.).
Fl. Sept.-April. Capsule dark blue ; seeds verrucose. In thickets, common. — All islands.
748. Acalypha cbamsedrifolia, Mull. (1. c. 879). (3) genuina (A. reptans, Sw.),
y) brevipes.
Fl. all the year round ; female flowers developing gradually. Bracts persistent after dissemination. On rocks and in crevices, not uncom- mon.—St. Croix (/5); St. Thomas (y).
92 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS^
749. Tragia volubilis, L. (v. Nettle, Bran-nettle).
Fl. Feb., Sept. Male flowers often transformed into a globose mon- strosity. The plant is believed by the negroes to give them luck in marketing. In thickets and along roads, common. — All islands.
750. Ricinus communis, L. a) (v. Castor-oil tree).
Fl. all the year round. Seeds used for pressing castor-oil. Natural- ized on waste places, common. — All islands.
751. Manihot utilissima, Pohl (Plant. Bras, i, 32) (v. Cassava).
Fl. March-May. Root used for manufacturing starch and flour, which is made up into flat, thin cakes (bambaui). Naturalized, and culti- vated.— All islands.
752. Jatropha Curcas, L. (v. French Physic-nut, Skitnetchi).
Fl. all the year round. Seeds very drastic. A low tree, often planted on graves. Naturalized near dwellings, common. — All islands.
753. J. gossypiifolia, L. (v. Physic-nut), o) staphysagriaefolia, /3) elegans.
Fl. all the year round. The whole plant has a disagreeable smell. Suffrutescent, l'-4' high. ' A troublesome weed near dwellings and in fields. Very common everywhere. — All islands.
754. J. multifida, L. (v. Coral-bush).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
755. Sebastiania lucida, Mull. (DC. Proclr. 1. c. 1181) (Exccecaria, Sw.).
Fl. Feb.-June. A shrub or low tree, 5'-20' high. In thickets and forests, common. — All islands.
756. Hippomane Mancinella, L. (v. Manchineel-tree).
Fl. precocious, Feb.-April, coetanous, May-June. Wood affording excellent timber, but very little used on account of the caustic milky juice. On sandy shores, often gregarious, sometimes in the interior of the islands on hills. — St. Croix (common) ; Virgin Islands (uncommon).
757. Exccscaria Laurocerasus, Mull. (1. c. 1202). j ) laurifolia.
Not seen flowering. A high tree ; bark smooth, white. In dense forests, rare. — St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay).
758. Hura crepitans, L. (v. Sandbox-tree).
Fl. Sept. Leaves deciduous in Jan. -April. Seeds drastic. A high tree with horizontal branches and prickly stem. In forests and near dwellings, common. — All islands.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 93
759. Dalechampia scandens, L.
Fl. Feb.-June. Male inflorescence bearing at the base two resinous corpuscula, deciduous together with the male flowers. Baillon considers them to be sterile bracts ; Miiller takes them for monstrous anthers. Central female flower pedicellate. In thickets, common. — All islands.
760. Euphorbia buxifolia, Lam.
Fl. all the year round. On the sandy shore, common. — All islands.
761. E. articulata, Burm.
Fl. all the year round. Along the seacoast, common. — All islands.
762. E. pilulifera, L.
Fl. all the year round. In waste places and along roads, very com- mon.— All islands.
763. E. hypericifolia, L. a) and /?) hyssopifolia, L.
Fl. all the year round. Leaves distichous. Used against dysentery. Same places as the preceding. A common weed. — All islands.
764. E. thymifolia, Burm.
Fl. all the year round. The whole plant reddish. Leaves folding together during night and in rainy weather. Amoug stones and along roads, very common. — All islands.
765. E. prostrata, Ait.
Fl. the whole year. Together with the preceding, common. — All islands.
766. E. petiolaris, Sims (Bot. Mag. t. 883) (v. Manchineel).
Fl. the whole year. Partly precocious in the spring. On dry hills •and in thickets. — Virgin Islands (common) ; St. Croix (West, p. 288 '?).
(West's E. cotinifolia, said to occur in St. Croix, is evidently meant for this species. I doubt, however, the correctness of the habitat, and am of opinion that it is a mistake for St. Thomas, where the species is ex- ceedingly common.)
767. E. geniculata, Ortega (Deead. p. 16; DC. Prodr. xv, ii, 72). (E. prunifolia,
Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. iii, t. 277, a form with larger, serrate leaves.) Fl. Dec-March. In forests and near dwellings, not uncommon, often gregarious. — St. Croix (Government House) ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
768. E. heterophylla, L. ft) cyathophora, Jacq.
Fl. all the year round. Gregarious in dry places, common. — All islands.
769. E. neriifolia, L. (DC. Plant. Grasses, i, t. 46).
Fl. March-June. A large tree, stem 2'-3' diam. Naturalized near dwellings, common. — All islands.
94 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
770. Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Poit. a), /?) padifolius, Poit., and 7) angusti-
folius, Poit. Fl. all the year round. In thickets and gardens, uncommon. — All islands. All Euphorbiacece are proterogynous.
I Cultivated species : Jatropha pandurcefoUa^ Andr., Codiceum variega- tum, Mull, a) pictum, Euphorbia pulcherrima, W., E. splendens, Boj., and E. antiquorum, L.]
UETICACEjE.
771. Celtis trinervia, Lam.
Fl. June-Dec. In forests and thickets, not uncommon. — All islands.
772. C. aculeata, Sw. a) and j3) aerrata.
Fl. March-Sept. Proterogynous. Both forms not uncommon in thickets. — All islands.
773. Sponia micrantha, Decs.
Fl. April-Sept. In forests, here and there. — All islands.
774. Ficus crassinervia, Desf.
Fl. Jan. In forests, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis, Wills Bay).
775. F. trigonata, L.
Fl. May- Aug. In forests. — St. Croix (rare, Crequis) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon).
776. F. laevigata, Valil.
Fl. Jan.-March. In forests and on rocks, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis, Jacob's Peak).
777. F. lentiginosa, Valil.
Fl. May. In forests on high hills, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
778. F. populnea, W.
Fl. July-Aug. Figs geminate in the axils, red with dark spots. On rocks and epiphytic on trees, not uncommon. Long aerial roots. — All islands.
779. F. pedunculata, Ait.
Fl. Jan.-May. Figs red, generally inhabited by a small hymenopte- rous insect. On rocks, walls, and trees, common. Long aerial roots. — All islands.
780. Artocarpus incisa, L. (v. Breadfruit-tree).
Fl. May-July. Fruit not edible. Naturalized in shady valleys. — All
islands.
731. Cecropia peltata, L. (v. Trumpet-tree). Fl. April-June. In shady forests, not uncommon. — All islands.
FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 95
782. Madura tinctoria, Don (v. Fustic).
Fl. June-Oct. Young shoots with deeply serrate leaves. Wood affording an excellent timber, but now very scarce. In forests, here and there. — All islands.
783. Fleurya aestuans, Gaud.
Fl. June-Dec. On rocks in shady forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Spring Garden); St. Thomas (Crown).
784. Urera elata, Gris.
St. Croix (Spring Garden, West, p. 306; his specimen in Hb. Havn.).
785. U. baccifera, Gaud.
St, Thomas (Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi, i, 93).
(West's Urtica elongata, Vahl, said, p. 306, to occur in St. Croix, and probably intended for an Urera, I have not been able to identify, from want of description and specimens.)
78-?. Pilea microphylla, Liebm. a), /3) trianthemoides, Lindl.,andy) succulenta (v. Duck-weed).
Fl. all the year round. On rocks and stones in shady situations, a) uncommon; /?) and y) common. — All islands.
787. P. semidentata, Wedd.
Fl. March-July. Gregarious among rocks on high hills, not uncom- mon.— St. Thomas (St. Peter).
788. P. grandis, Wedd.
Fl. June. In leaf-mould on high hills, gregarious, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown, 1500').
789. P. nummularifolia, Wedd.
St. Thomas (Hornbeck in Hb. Havn.) ; Vieques (near Campo Asilo).
790. P. inaequalis, Wedd.
Fl. July-Aug. Gregarious on rocks in forests, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, Crown).
791. P. Sanctae-Crucis, Liebm. (Vid. Selsk. Skrift., v. Rsekke, ii, 301). St. Croix (Orsted, 1. c).
792. Rousselia lappulacea, Gaud.
St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. xvi, i, 235 ; Gris. Fl. p. 160).
[Cultivated species: Finis Carica, L. (v. Fig-tree), and F. elastica, L.]
ARISTOLOCKIACEJ&:.
793. Aristolochia trilobata, L. (v. Tobacco-pipe).
Fl. May-Aug. On fences and in forests on high hills. — St. Croix (West, p. 305) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon).
96 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
7S4. A. anguicida, L. (DC.Prodr. xv, i,4G4; Bot. Mag. 43G1 ; Descourtilz, Fl.MM.
des Antilles, iii, 202) (v. Crane's Neck). " Fl. Oct.-Dec. A number of dipterous insects are usually found im- prisoned in tlie lower part of the perigonal tube, whence escape is impos- sible on account of the downward-bent hairs on the inner surface. The hairs dropping off after fertilization, the imprisoned insects are set at liberty again. In thickets, rare. — St. Croix (Eecovery Hill).
795. Begonia humilis, Hort. Kew. (ed. i, vol. iii, 353).
St. Thomas (Finlay in lib. Mus. Paris, sec. DC. Prodr. xv, i, 297). [Cultivated occur several species of Begonia.]
AlEWTA€Ei;. [Cultivated in gardens and near dwellings : Casuarina eqidsetifolia^ Forst. (Fl. June- Aug.) Of very quick growth.]
PlPERACEiE.
796. Piper Sieberi, Cas. DC. (Enckea, Miq.).
Fl. all the year round. In forests ; often gregarious and forming a dense underwood, common. Used for walking-sticks. — All islands.
797. P. Bredemeyeri, Jacq. (Artanthe, Miq.).
Fl. Sept. In shady valleys, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Caledonia, Crequis).
798. P. auritum, Kth.
St. Thomas (DC. Prod. 1. c. 321).
799. P. Blattarum, Sprgl.
Fl. Jan.-March. In forests, rare. — St. Thomas (Crown, Signal Hill).
800. P. peltatum, L. (v. Monkey's Hand) (Potomorphe, Miq.).
Fl. Feb.-Aug. In forests, along rivulets, and among rocks on high hills. — St. Croix (rare, Caledonia, Springfield) ; Virgin islands (not un- common on high hills).
801. Peperomia pellucida, Kth.
Fl. May-Aug. In forests, rare. — St. Croix (Rohrs Minde) ; St. Thomas (DC. Prod. 1. c. 402).
802. P. acuminata, Miq. (P. (juadeloupensis, Cas. DC.) (v. Stone Ginger).
Fl. all the year round. On rocks in forests, common. — All islands.
803. P. glabella, Dictr.
Fl. May-Sept. In the same places as the preceding, common. — All islands.
4
804. P. cubana, Cas. DC.
St. Croix (DC. Prod. 1. c. 413).
FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 97
805. P. obtusifolia, Cas. DC, Dietr., Miq. a) and /?) clusiaefolia.
Fl. April-July. On rocks and under shady trees in leaf-mould. Gre- garious, not uncommon, a) all islands ; /S) St. Thomas (Crown).
806. P. scandens, Ruiz et Par.
St. Thomas (DC. Prod. 1. c. 434).
807. P. polystachya, Miq.
Fl. Dec-Jan. Stem and lower surface of the leaves reddish. Among rocks in forests, not uncommon, gregarious. — All islands.
B. GYMNOSPERM^E.
CTCADACEiE.
[Cultivated in gardens occurs Cycas revoluta, Thunb. (v. Sago Palm).]
CONIFERJE.
[Cultivated in gardens occur several species of Thuja.]
C. MONOCOTYLEDONES.
AEISMACE^E.
808. Echinodorus cordifolius, Gris.
Fl. April-Aug. Flower expanded only till 10 A. M. Leaves hetero- morphous, the primordial ones submerged, linear-lanceolate, passing by degrees into the ordinary eraersed ones. In rivulets, here and there. — St. Croix (King's Hill Gut, Armas Hope Gut).
HYDROCHABIDACEJ;, L. C. Rich.
809. Thalassia testudinum, Solander (Koenig).
Not seen flowering. Gregarious in shallow sea- water, very common. — All islands.
POTAME.E, Juss.
810. Cymodocea manatorum, Ascherson (Naturf. Freunde in Berlin, Jun. — Oct.,
1868).
Not seen flowering, gregarious on the bottom of the sea ; mostly in shallow water. — All islands.
811. Halodule Wrightii, Ascliers. (1. c, and Neumayers Anleit. zur wiss. Beob.
auf Reisen).
St. Thomas (Krebs sec. Aschers.). Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 7
98 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
812. Halophila Baillonii, Ascliers. (in Nenmayer, 1. c. p. 367).
Pdiizonie creeping, thin. Leaves oval, denticulate, whorled or oppo- site, 3'" long, Ih,'" broad. Monoecious.
Fl. $ : 3 membranaceous white bracts; 1-3 stamens; filament f" long; anther cylindrical, yellowish, glabrous, 1-celled. Pollen- grains fusiform. Fl. 2 : 3 persistent bracts, as in S . Ovary sessile, ovate, \'" long, - loculate. Style bifid, 2\'" long ; branches pointed, often of unequal length. Capsule oval, glabrous, 2'" long ; seeds about 20, globose, hard, tessellate on the surface. Starch-grains trian- gular. Male flowers very rare compared to the number of female ones. Fl. all the year round. Gregarious on the bottom of the seaon coarse coral sand in a depth of from two to four fathoms, here and there. — St. Thomas (harbour).
813. Ruppia rostellata, Koch.
Fl. all the year round. Gregarious in shallow rivulets, not uncom- mon.— St. Croix (King's Hill Gut, in company with a species of Chara) ; St. Thomas (Tutu Gut, Krebs in Hb. Havn.).
[Another Potamea, possessing a creeping rhizome and delicate linear leaves, has been found by me in the harbour of St. Thomas at a depth of from 3 to 6 fathoms, but on account of only sterile specimens having been obtained it remains as yet undetermined.]
AROEDEJ;.
814. Anthurium Huegelii, Schott (v. Boyer) (A. acaule, Sch.).
. Fl. July-March. Young radical leaves very different from the older ones, being lanceolate and long-petioled. I consider Schott's A. acaule not to be specifically distinct from this species. On rocks and trees, not uncommon, often gregarious. — All islands.
815. A. macrophyllum, Sell.
Fl. July- Dec. Among rocks in forests, uncommon. St. Jan (near Bethania).
816. A. cordifolium, Kth. (v. Wild Tanier, Maroon Jancole) (Bot. Mag. t. 2801, 5801
being a misprint in Gris. Fl. p. 508).
Fl. July-Nov. Among rocks in forests, gregarious, here and there. — St, Croix (Wills Bay, Blue Mountain) ; St, Jan (Macumbi, 1200').
817. Dieffenbachia Seguine, Soli. (v. Dumb Cam1).
Fl. May-Dec. In moist places on hi«h hills, uncommon. — St, Thomas
(Caret Bay, 1000').
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 99
818. Philodendron hederaceum, Sch.
Fl. Aug. On trees in dense forests, rare. — St. Thomas (Crown, 1400').
819. Ph. giganteum, Sch. (Prod. Syat. Aroid. p. 261).
Fl. March- July. Petiole 2'-2J' long; lamina 2.V-3' long, 2' broad. Peduncle 1^"S^" long; spatlie lP'-l^" long, opening itself only during two nights. Spadix white, giving out a strong odour and considerable high temperature during anthesis. Numerous aerial roots, stem V-2* long. Among rocks in dense forests on high hills, gregarious on trees. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill and Crown, 1500').
(The picture in Bot. Mag. t. 3314, of the much smaller Ph. fragrantissi- mum, Kth. (Caladium, Hook.), gives a good representation of the habit of this species.)
820. Caladium smaragdinum, C. Koch (Schott, 1. c. 165) (v. Guinea Ginger).
Fl. May-July. Ehizome tuberous, yellow. In pastures on high hills, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, above St. Peter, 1400').
821. Xanthoscma atrovirens, C. Koch (v. Scratch-throat).
Not seen flowering. Ehizome large, tuberous, used as a vegetable. Leaves pungent when eaten as spinach. Cultivated and naturalized on provision grounds. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
822. X. sagittaefolium, Sch. (v. Tanier).
Fl. July. Lamina of the spathe white, with a delicate rosy tinge. Spathe disclosing itself during two nights from 7 to 10 o'clock ; spadix meanwhile giving forth a strong fragrance and showing a temperature of 12° C. above that of the air. Leaves used as spinach and the tuberous rhizome as a common vegetable. Cultivated and naturalized on pro- vision grounds. — All islands.
823. X. ? hastatum, Egg. (Arum, Vahl.) (v. Indian Kale).
Not seen flowering. Leaves hastate, with long pointed oblique basilar lobes; used for spinach. (Naturalized'?) Cultivated and spontaneous in forests. — All islands.
824. Pistia occidentalis, Bl.
Fl. all the year round. Cultivated and naturalized in gardens. — St. Thomas.
825. Lemna minor, L.
Not seen flowering. In rivulets, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Jealousy Gut, Fair Plain Gut).
[Cultivated sj^ecies: Caladium bicolor. Vent., C. pictum, DC, and C. picturatum, Linden.]
100 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TIPHACEJE.
826. Typha angustifolia, L., var. domingensis, Pers.
Fl. Sept.-March. Used for making mats. In rivulets and around lagoons, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Jan.
PANE>ANACEJE.
[Cultivated in gardens occurs Pandanus odoratissiinus, L. fil. (v.
Screw Pine).]
PALMiE.
827. Thrinax argentea, Lodd. (v. Teyer-tree).
Fl. May-June. Stem 10'-20' high. Leaves used for making ropes, thatching roofs, and other domestic purposes. On the northern slope of the hills in forests and tickets. — St. Croix (very rare, only one specimen seen, near Bellevue Mill) ; Virgin Islands (common).
828. Oreodoxa regia, Ktli. (v. Mountain Cabbage).
Fl. April- Aug. The young leaf-bud used as cabbage. Berries eaten by hogs. In forests and along roads, common. — All islands.
329. Cccos nucifera, L. (v. Cocoa-nut Tree).
Fl. Feb.-March. Leaves used for thatching roofs. The ripe fruit, although occurring in abundance, is scarcely used, and of no economical importance. Naturalized along the seashore and along roads. — All
islands.
COITIMEEYlVAClEyE.
S30. Tradescantia geniculata, Jacq. /J) effusa, Mart.
Fl. March. Seeds bluish, verruculose. — Vieques (near Campo Asilo).
831. T. zebiina, Hortul. (v. Wandering Jew).
Fl. May. Naturalized in gardens. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
832. T. discolor, Sw.
Fl. April-Aug. Stamens often by retrograde metamorphosis trans- formed into petals. Naturalized in waste places and near dwellings. — All islands.
833. Callisia repens, L.
Fl. Jan.-March. Gregarious in shady places, not uncommon. — All islands.
834. C. umbellulata, Lam.
Fl. Jan. Seeds white with a red spot. Flowers inonandrous. Among rocks in shady places, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1200').
835. Commelyna cayennensis, Rich. (French Grass).
Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded till 9 A. M. One of the sterile stamens always abortive. In moist localities, common. — All islands.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 101
836. C. elegans, Kth. (v. French Grass). :
Fl. all the year round. Flower ephemeral. In moist localities, very
common. — All islands.
ORAMIMCEiE.
837. Bambusa vulgaris, Schrad. (v. Bamboo Cane).
Not seen flowering. Naturalized along rivulets and in gardens. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
«•- 838. Arthrostylidium capillifolium, Gris. (Plant. Wright, in Mem. Amer. Acad, viii, 531, 1862). Not seen flowering. In forests, climbing among trees and shrubs to a considerable height, rare. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill, TOO'); St. Jan (Hornbeck in Hb. Havn., from "a large cataract, called Battery ") ; Vieques (flowering specimens from Hornbeck in Hb. Havn.; others re- ceived from Carnpo Asilo by me).
A" 839. Eragrostis poaeoides, P. Br.
Fl. June-Dec. Stigmas white. Along roads and in dry localities, often gregarious, common. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas. • 840. E. ciliaris, Lk.
Fl. March-Dec. Anthers black. In dry localities, common. — All islands.
- 841. Sporobolus virginicus, Kth. (v. Shauder).
Fl. May-Oct. Anthers and stigmas yellow. Used in baths for children. Along the coast and lagoons, common. — All islands.
■ 842. S. litoralis, Kth. (v. Shander).
Fl. May-Dec. In the same places as the preceding, common. — All islands.
v 843. S. indicus, R. Br. (v. Hair-grass).
Fl. May-Oct. Anthers purple; stigmas yellow. Along roads and
ditches. — All islands.
844. Aristida stricta, Mich.
Fl. March-Dec. Anthers yellow. Awns of unequal length, always longer than the glumes. Along ditches and in thickets, here and there.— St. Croix (Crequis, Fair Plain); St. Thomas (Schl.); St. Jan (Adrian Estate).
845. Olyra latifolia, L. /?) arundinacea.
Fl. Dec-Jan. In forests, rare. — St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay); Vieques (Campo Asilo).
846. Pharus glaber, Kth.
Fl. June-Dec. Anthers yellow ; stigmas white. In forests, not un- common.— All islands.
102 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
847. Pappophorum alopecuroides, Valil.
Fl. Feb.-March. V-3' high. Among rocks near the coast, rare. — Buck Island, near St. Thomas ; Virgin Gorda (Vahl in Symb. Bot. hi, 10).
848. Bouteloua litigiosa, Lag.
Fl. Oct.-Jan. Anthers red; stigmas white. In thickets and waste places, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill — Town).
t, 849. Leptochloa mucronata, Kth.
Fl. May-Oct. Spikelets often 1-flowered. Along ditches, not un- common.— St. Croix.
u 850. L. virgata, P. Br. a), /?) gracilis, Ns., and y) multiflora, Egg.
Fl. May-Dec. Anthers white 5 stigmas purple, y) spikelets 9-flow- ered. Awns very short; fertile glumes not ciliate. Along roads, com- mon.— a) and p) all islands ; y) St. Croix (Work and Best).
0 851. Chloris eleusinoides, Gris.
Fl. May-Nov. Along ditches, here and there. — St. Croix (Beeston Hill, Mount Welcome).
I* 852. Ch. radiata, Sw.
Fl. May-Oct. Stigmas brown. Gregarious along roads, common. — All islands.
853. Ch. ciliata, Sw.
Fl. Feb.-Sept. Anthers rosy. My specimens show only one sterile flower in each spikelet besides the fertile one (see Swartz's Flora Ind. Occ. p. 189). Along roads, not uncommon. — All islands.
^- 854. Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum, W. (v. Ten-per-cent Grass).
Fl. March-Nov. Anthers straw-coloured; stigmas white. A good pasture-grass. Along roads and in fields, common. — All islands.
855. Eleusine indica, L.
Fl. March-Dec. Anthers greyish; stigmas purple. Common every- where.— All islands.
856. Cynodon Dactylon, Pers. (v. Bay Grass, Billy Grass).
Fl. May-Oct. Anthers straw-coloured, with purple spots; stigmas purple. A good pasture- grass, and fit for making good hay, but at the same time a most troublesome weed in cane-fields on account of its long and creeping rhizome. Said to have been introduced. Along the coast and in fields, gregarious. — St. Croix and St. Thomas (very common) ; St. Jan (uncommon, Little Plantation).
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 103
857. Paspalum compressum, Ns. (v. Flat Grass).
Fl. June-Oct. Anthers light yellow; stigmas white. Near ditches and in shady localities, not uncommon. — All islands.
858. P. conjugatum, Berg.
Fl. June-Dec. Anthers yellow ; stigmas white. In moist localities, common. — All islands.
859. P. pusillum, Vent.
St. Thomas (Fliigge sec. Gris. Syst. Unt., p. 114).
860. P. distichum, L. a) and p) vaginatum, Sw.
Fl. June- Aug. Proterandrous. Anthers light yellow; stigmas black. Along rivulets, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
861. P. notatum, Fliigge.
St. Thomas (Fliigge sec. Gris. Syst. Unt., p. 114).
862. P. ceespitosum, Fliigge.
Fl. May-Sept. Anthers orange-coloured. In moist localities, not uncommon. — All islands.
863. P. glabrum, Poir.
Fl. May- July. Here and there along ditches. — St. Thomas (Schl.) ; St. Jan(KiffBay).
864. P. plicatulum, Michx.
Fl. March-Sept. Along the seacoast, not uncommon. — All islands.
865. P. virgatum, L. a).
Fl. May-Oct. Anthers straw-coloured; stigmas white. In moist localities, not uncommon. — All islands.
866. P. paniculatum, L.
St. Thomas (Schlechtendal).
c-867. P. spathaceum, HB. K.
St. Thomas (Schlechtendal).
868. Digitaria filiformis, Miihl.
Fl. Dec. In dry thickets, here and there.— St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill).
869. D. marginata, Lk. (v. Running Grass).
Fl. March-Sept. Anthers purple with white stripes; stigmas purple. A good pasture-grass. Along ditches and roads, common.— All islands.
104 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
870. D. setigera, Kunth.
Fl. June-Oct. Anthers and stigmas purple. Along roads, common. — All islands.
871. Ericchloa punctata, Hamilt.
Fl. March-Sept. Anthers brownish ; stigmas black. In moist locali- ties, here and there. — St. Croix (Crequis, La Grange); St. Thomas
(Schl.).
872. Stenotaphrum americanum, Schrank (v. Horse Grass).
Fl. May- Aug. Anthers orange-coloured; stigmas purple. Along the coast and in moist localities, gregarious, common. — x\ll islands.
873. Orthopogon setarius, Spreng.
Fl. March-Dec. Anthers light purple ; stigmas purple. In forests, common. — All islands.
874. Faiiicum paspaloides, Pers.
Fl. March-Sept. Anthers reddish; stigmas straw-coloured. The hermaphrodite flower in this and all other'species of Panicum is proter- androus, the stamens dropping off before the stigmas appear. These latter are then fertilized by the agency of the wind from other individ- uals before the stamens of the male flower make their appearance, self- fertilization being thus evidently impossible. Along rivulets and in moist localities, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
875. P. brizoides, L.
St. Thomas (Schlechtendal).
876. P. colonum, L.
Fl. March-Sept. Anthers purple; stigmas black. Along roads and ditches, common. — All islands.
877. P. prostratum, Lam. a) and /?) pilosa, Egg.
Fl. June-July. Anthers orange-coloured; stigmas black. j3) Bhachis of spikelets pilose. — a) All islands (common); fi) St. Croix (La Grange).
878. P. fuscum, Sw. (v. Sour Grass), a) aud (3) fasciculatum, Sw.
Fl. Feb.-Sept. Anthers orange-coloured ; stigmas purple. Abhorred by the cattle. — «) All islands. ,#) St. Croix; St. Thomas (Schlechten- dal). Not uncommon.
879. P. molle, Sw. (v. Yerba de Parfi, Spanish Grass).
Fl. May-Oct. Anthers yellow; stigmas purple. Naturalized here and there in pastures. — St. Croix (Cotton Grove).
FLORA. OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 105
*" 880. P. diffusum, Sw.
Fl. May-Oct. Anthers orange-coloured; stigmas dark purple. In moist localities, uncommon. — All islands.
^ 881. P. maximum, Jacq. (v. Guinea Grass) (P. potygamum, Sw.).
Fl. June-Sept. Anthers brownish; stigmas light purple. A splendid pasture-grass, growing to the height of 12', forming dense tufts and being propagated by the rhizome. Naturalized and cultivated every- where.— All islands.
r" 882. P. divaricatum, L. a) and /3) puberulum.
Fl. May-Dec. Anthers light yellow; stigmas white. Besembling a thin Bamboo Cane. 8'-16' high. Both forms not uncommon in forests, climbing over trees and shrubs. — All islands.
d 883. P. glutinosum, Sw.
St. Croix (West, p. 267).
*"* 884. P. brevifolium, L.
Fl. Aug.-Dec. Anthers and stigmas white. In gardens and along roads, here and there. — St. Thomas (Barracks).
" 885. P. cayennense, Lam.
St. Thomas (Schlechtendal).
886. Setaria glauca, P. Br. a). Fl. May-Oct. In forests, common. — All islands.
f 887. S. setosa, P. Br. a) and /?) caudata, R. S. (v. Sour Grass).
Fl. April-Dec. Anthers orange-coloured; stigmas purple, a) 3'-7' high; in forests and along ditches, common. — All islands. 0) in dry thickets, uncommon. — St. Thomas (CowelPs Hill).
v^888. Cenchrus echinatus, L. /3) viridis, Spreng. (v. Burr Grass).
Fl. Ai)ril-Dec. Anthers light yellow; stigmas white, with a purple spot in the middle. The ripe farinaceous seeds eaten by the cattle. Along the coast, very common. — All islands.
889. Anthephora elegans, Schreb.
Fl. Jan.-Oct. Anthers brownish. In thickets, here and there. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
i. 890. Tricholeena insularis, Gris. (v. Bitter Grass, Long Grass).
Fl. March-Dec. Anthers brownish; stigmas white. Never touched by cattle whilst green, on account of its bitter taste. Spikelets easily detached and carried far away by the wind. Yery common along roads and in dry places. — All islands.
106 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
891. Lappago aliena, Spreng.
Fl. May-Dec. Stigmas white. Generally both spikelets fertile. Near ditches and in thickets, common. — All islands.
892. .Andropogon saccharoides, L.
Fl. Aug.-Oct. Anthers light yellow; stigmas dark purple. Awn not twisted. Along roads, here and there. — St. Croix (Beeston Hill Grange).
893. Anatherum bicorne, P. Br. (v. Jolly Grass).
Fl. July-Oct. 2/-4/ high. Used for thatching roofs. Not eaten by the cattle. Gregarious on high hills, where it is difficult to counteract its spreading, even by burning it now and then. — St. Thomas (northern slope of the highest ridge).
894. Sorghum vulgare, Pers. (v. Guinea Corn).
Fl. Dec. S'-W high. Naturalized and cultivated for herbage and for making flour of the grain. — All islands, principally St. Croix and Vieques.
895. Saccharum officinarum, L. (v. Sugar-cane).
Fl. Dec-May. Naturalized and cultivated. Sugar-growing islands are now only two, viz., St. Croix and Vieques, whilst the other Virgin Islands have only a very few cane estates, principally for selling the raw cane in the markets. The average produce of sugar from both the above-mentioned islands is about 25 million pounds. The plant is propa- gated by cuttings that are laid entirely under ground.
(The genus Panicum excepted, all Graminacece are proterogynous.) [Cultivated species: Andropogon Schcenanthns , L. (v. Lemon-grass), Zea Mays, L. (v. Indian Corn), and Coix Lacryma, L. (v. Job's Tears).]
CYPERACE^;.
896. Cy penis polystachyus, Rottb.
Fl. July. On high hills, rare.— St, Thomas (Crown, 1500').
897. C. laevigatas, L. (Cod. p. 61) (C. mucronatus, Rottb.). a) albidus.
Fl. March-Oct. Connective pointed. Along rivulets, not uncom- mon.— St. Croix ; St. Thomas (Schl., Bockeler).
898. C. compressus, L.
Fl. Dec. Flowers 2-androus. Near the coast in moist places, uncom- mon.— St. Thomas (Haven Sight).
899. C. confertus, Sw.
Fl. Dec. In thickets, here and there. — St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill) j St. Croix (Gris. Fl. 5G3).
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 107
900. C. ochraceus, Valil.
IJJ. May-Oct. Iu moist localities, uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis).
901. C. viscosus, Ait.
Fl. April-Xov. Stamens always 3 (see Swartz's Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 113). Seeds germinating in moist weather on the parent, and often growing out into young plants an inch or two in length. Along rivulets and ditches, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
902. C. surinamensis, Roltb. St. Thomas (Schl.).
903. C. articulatus, L. (v. Sting Bisom).
Fl. March-Sept. In ditches, not uncommon. — St. Croix ; St. Thomas.
904. C. rotundus, L. (v. Nut Grass).
Fl. all the year round. Tubers sweet, eaten by hogs. A troublesome weed, very common in fields and along roads.— All islands.
905. C. brunneus, S\v. (C. planifolius, Rich.).
Fl. May. On the coast and near lagoons, not uncommon. — All islands.
906. C. sphacelatus, Rottb.
Fl. Feb. On high hills in pastures, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
907. C. distans, L.
Fl. Aug. In pastures on high hills, common. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
908. C. unifolius, Bceckler (Linnaea, Neue Folge, ii, 374). St. Croix (Ravn in Reliq. Lehru.).
909. C. filiformis, Sw.
Fl. all the year round. In moist localities, not uncommon. — St. Thomas.
910. C. odoratus, L.
Fl. April-Oct, Near rivulets and ditches, here and there. — St. Croix (Mount Pleasant, Annas Hope).
911. C. pennatus, Lam. (Bceckler, 1. c. 404) (C. Ehrenberrjii, Kth., C. flexuosus, Valil). Fl. all the year round. Along the coast, not uncommon. — St. Thomas.
912. C. ligularis, L.
Fl. March-Dec. Along rivulets, not uncommon. — All islands.
108 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
913. C. flavomariscus, Gris. (C. flavus, Bceckler).
Fl. Aug. In pastures ou hills, here and there. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill); Buck Island (near St. Thomas).
914. Kyllinga filiformis, Sw. u) and -y) capillaris, Gris.
Fl. June-Dec. Involucral leaves of various lengths. Both forms not uncommon in forests. — St. Croix (The William, Eliza's Betreat).
915. K. triceps, Rottb.
Fl. March. In shady moist localities. — St. Jan (Baas Gut).
916. K. monocephala, Rottb.
Fl. all the year round. In moist places in forests, common. — All islands.
917. K. brevifolia, Rottb. (Emend, in Bceckler, Linnsea, 1867, 425). (3) longifolia. St. Thomas (Ehrenberg sec. Bceckler).
918. Scirpus capitatus, L.
Fl. all the year round. Achenium black. Along rivulets, common. — All islands.
919. S. nodulosus, Ktb.
Fl. March-Dec. Along rivulets and in ditches, uncommon. — St. Croix (Adventure).
920. S. subdistichus, Bceckler (Linnaea, 1869-70, 490). St. Thomas (Bcklr.).
921. S. mutatus, Vabl.
Fl. March-Dec. Filaments flat ; style often bifid. In moist places, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Jan.
922. S. fsrrugineus, L.
Fl. all the year round. Filaments flat. Gregarious in tufts on the sandy seashore and near lagoons, uncommon. — St. Croix (Frederiksted) ; St. Jan (Beef Bay).
923. S. brizoides, Sw. (Fimbristylis polymorpha, Bceckler).
Fl. Aug.-Sept. In pastures on high hills, common. — Virgin Islands.
924. Rhynchospora pusilla, Gris.
Fl. Feb.-July. Anthers 1\"' long. In pastures on hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400').
925. R. pura, Gris.
Fl. Feb.-Aug. Seeds often germinating on the parent. In the same places as the preceding. St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
FLORA OP ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 109
926. Scleria pratensis, Lindl. (v. Cutting Grass).
Fl. April-Nov. In forests and pastures on high hills, uncommon. — St. Croix (Springfield, Mount Eagle); St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
927. S. sciudens, Ns. (v. Razor-grass).
Fl. Aug.-Sept. In forests, rare.— St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1500').
928. S. filiformis, Sw. (S. lithosperma, W.).
Fl. May-Nov. In thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix (King's Hill) ; St, Thomas (Cowell's Hill).
[All Cyperacecc are proterogynous, with white stigmas and light yel- low anthers.]
L.IL.IACEJE.
929. Aloe vulgaris, L. (v. Sempervivie).
Fl. MarcK-April. Gregarious on limestone (naturalized!), common. — All islands.
930. Yucca gloriosa, L.
Fl. June-Aug. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
931. Agave americana, L. (v. Karate).
Fl. Feb.-May. On dry hills, common. — All islands.
932. A. sobolifera, Salm-Dyck. (v. Karata).
Very seldom or never bearing flowers. Propagated by bulblets in June-July, growing out to a considerable size whilst still on the parent. On hills and in thickets, not uncommon. — All islands.
933. Fourcroya cubensis, Haw. (v. Female Karata).
Fl. March atid July-Aug. In dry thickets, not uncommon. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
934. Pancratium caribseum, L. (v. White Lily, Ladybus).
Fl. May-Xov. Flowers nocturnal; fragrant. On rocky coasts, not uncommon. — All islands.
935. Crinum erubescens, Ait.
Fl. all the year round. Flowers nocturnal; fragrant. Along rivu- lets, here and there. — St. Croix (Hogensborg).
936. Amaryllis equestris, Ait. (v. Red Lily).
Fl. March-Oct. On rocky shores, gregarious, not uncommon. — All islands.
110 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
937. A. tubispatha, Ker. (v. Snow-drop).
Fl. April-Oct., especially after heavy rains. In fields and near dwell- ings, not uncommon. — All islands.
[Cultivated species: Allium Jistulosum, L. (v. Ciboule), Polyanthcs Uibe- rosci, L. (v. Tuberose), and Crinum giganteum, Andr.J
ASPABAGIMCEJI.
938. Sanseviera guineensis, W. (Spec, ii, 159) (Bot. Mag. t. 1179) (v. Guana-tail). Fl. Nov.-Dec. Fibres of the leaves yield a good material for ropes.
Naturalized here and there on dry hills, gregarious. — St. Croix (Frie- densfeld); St. Thomas (around town).
SMILACE.E.
939. Smilax havanensis, Jacq.
Not seen flowering. In forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Cale- donia, Wills Bay, Bohr's Minde).
940. S. populnea, Kth. (Eiuim. Plant, v, 192).
Fl. June- July {$). Unarmed. Leaves 4"-5" long, 3"-4" broad. In forests, a high climber, rare. — St. Thomas (Flag Hill, 900').
©IOSCOREACEJE.
941. Dioscorea pilosiuscula, Bert.
Fl. Dec, but rarely. Older leaves purple beneath, broad white stripes on the upper surface. Male inflorescence 3" long, pendulous. Axillar bulbs large, often bifid, greyish-brown, generally producing leaves whilst still in connection with the parent, dropping off later and form- ing new plants. In shady forests, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, northern slope above St. Peter, 1000').
942. D. alata, L. (v. Yam), a), (i) vulgaris, Miq.
Not seen flowering. Propagated by the rhizome. Naturalized and cultivated in provision grounds. Bhizoine affording a nutritive vegeta- ble.— All islands.
943. D. altissima, Lam. (v. Yam).
Not seen flowering. Stem cylindrical. Occurring in the same places and used in the same way as the preceding. — All islands. •
944. Rajania pleioneura, Gris.
Fl. Dec. Ill forests, rave.— St. Thomas (Flag Hill, 800').
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. Ill
945. R. hastata, L.
Fl. Sept.-Dec. In forests and on fences on high hills, not uncom- mon.—St. Thomas (Signal Hill, Northside) (St. Croix?).
IKIDAOEi:.
946. Cipura plicata, Gris. (v. St. Jan Grass, Bloodroot).
PL all the year round. Bulbs crimson. ^Naturalized in gardens and valleys. — All islands.
brohieliaceje;.
947. Bromelia Pinguin, L. (v. Pinguin).
FL Dec. and April-June. Pulp edible, acid. Used for fences. Gre- garious in forests and thickets, common. — All islands.
948. Chevalliera lingulata, Gris.
FL March-July. Petals white, with a bluish point. Berry glabrous, pink or blue. On trees and rocks on high hills, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown, Signal Hill, 1500') ; St. Jan (Macumbi).
949. Pitcairnia angustifolia, Ait.
PL Aug.-Sept. Seeds red, pointed at the base; appendage white, truncate. On trees and rocks. — St. Croix (rare, King's Hill Gut) ; Vir- gin Islands (common, especially on the coast).
950. Tillandsia fasciculata, Sw.
Fl. Jau.-Feb. Capsule a little shorter than the bract. On trees in forests and on high hills, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown); St. Jan (Baas Gut).
951. T. utriculata, L. (v. Wild Pine).
' FL Feb.-Aug. Inflorescence over 8' high. On trees and rocks, com- mon.— All islands.
952. T. recurvata, L. (v. Old Man's Beard).
Fl. Jan.-Feb., but very rarely. Seeds often germinating in the cap- sule. Used for stuffing mattresses. On trees, gregarious, very com- mon.— All islands.
953. T. usnecides, L. (v. Old Man's Beard).
Fl. March, rarely. Petals greenish. On shrubs, common, grega- rious.— All islands.
954. Catopsis nutans, Gris.
Fl. June-Aug. Petals fleshy, white. Seeds brown; pappus \\"
112 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
long, white, silky. On trees and rocks on high kills, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, Crown, 1400'-1500').
[Cultivated species: Ananassa sativa, Lindl. (v. Pine-apple).
MUSACEiE.
955. Musa paradisiaca, L. (v. Plantain).
Fl. May-Aug. Fruit eaten only boiled or fried. Naturalized and cultivated, but rare. — All islands.
956. M. sapientium, L. (v. Banana).
Fl. May-Nov. Fruit eaten raw or fried. Naturalized and cultivated everywhere, occurring in several varieties (Bacuba, Fig, Lady-finger, St. Vincent Banana, etc.). — All islands. .
SCIT AMINES.
957. Renealmia sylvestris, Gris.
Fl. Aug. In forests in shady and moist localities, rare. — St. Croix (Golden Eock) ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400').
958. Zingiber officinalis, Rose. (v. Ginger).
Fl. Sept. Naturalized and cultivated in forest districts, here and there. — St. Croix; St. Thomas.
959. Canna indica, L. (v. Indian Shot).
Fl. all the year round. In moist places and near dwellings, not un- common.— All islands.
960. C. Lamberti, Lindl. (v. Scarlet Indian Shot).
Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens. — All islands.
961. C. edulis, Ker. (v. Tout-le-mois).
Fl. all the year round. Tubers used for producing salep. Natural- ized and cultivated along rivulets. — All islands.
962. Maranta arundinacea, L. (v. Arrow-root).
Not seen flowering. Tubers yielding the best kind of salep. Nat- uralized and cultivated here and there. — All islands.
[Cultivated species: Alphiia nutans, Baf. (v. Shell-plant), and Cur- cuma longcby L. (v. Turmeric).
©K€HI»ACE.E.
963. Liparls elata, Lindl.
Fl. June-Dec. Bracts purple. My specimens on the whole some- what smaller than the picture in Bot. Mag. 1. 1175. On red clay among
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 113
rocks on high hills, here and there. — St. Thomas (Liliendal, Bonne Reso- lution).
964. Epidendrum subaequale, Eggers, n. sp.
Fl. Feb.-March. Tubers cylindrical, small, several-leaved. Leaves 2-5, linear, channelled, pointed, much shorter than the scape; sterile bracts short, distant, pointed, floral ones smaller; flowers in a simple raceme, 3-4. Perigonial divisions lanceolate, pointed, nearly conform. Lip slightly adnate to the column, 3-lobed; lobes rounded, the two lat- eral ones a little shorter than the middle one. Column auricled below the anther; auricles small, purple. Ovary linear, striate, £" long. Al- lied to E. aciculare, Batem., but leaves several, much shorter than the scape, and lip broadly 3-lobed. Leaves 5"-6" long, 2'" broad ; scape 20//-24// high, straight. Peduncles \" long ; perigonial divisions green- ish, with brown spots, \" long; lip purple, with darker stripes and a yellow crest in the middle, \" long. The whole plant of a sometimes darker, sometimes lighter hue, flowers even sometimes quite white. On rocks and the roots of trees in dry thickets, here and there. — St. Thomas (Cowell's Hill, Solberg).
965. E. bifidum, Aubl.
Fl. May-Dec. On trees and rocks, not uncommon. — All islands.
966. E. ciliare, L.
Fl. June-Feb. Flowers fragrant. Gregarious on rocks and old tree- trunks, common. — All islands.
967. E. cochleatum, L. (Bot. Mag. t. 151, bad).
Fl. April-May. On trees in forests, rare. — St. Croix (Mount Eagle, 1150'; Jacob's Peak, 950').
968. E. patens, Sw.
Fl. July-Aug. Leaves distichous ; scape compressed, l'-2' high. On rocks in leaf-mould, rare, on high hills. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1500').
969. Brassavola cucullata, R. Br.
Fl. June-Octb. Gregarious on rocks, rare. — St. Thomas (John Bruce Bay).
970. Polystachya luteola, Hook.
Fl. March-Kov. Flowers often cleistogamous and normal on the same branch and at the same time. Both forms yielding good seeds. On rocks and old tree-trunks, not uncommon on hills. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1200'-1500').
Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 8
114 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
971. Oncidium Lemonianum, Lindl.
Fl. May-July. Never giving fruit, but propagating itself by pro- ducing young plants from buds in the axils of the sterile bracts below the flowers, which remain in connection with the parent plant, and thus often forming long colonies of plants from one tree to another. In for- ests and thickets, gregarious, but rare. — St. Thomas (Picara Peninsula, Fortuna).
(The lateral sepals in my specimens being distinct, I am inclined to retain Lindley's specific name instead of uniting my plant with 0. tetra- jyetalum, W., as done by Grisebach.)
972. O. variegatum, Sw.
Fl. July-Octb. On rocks and trees in shady places, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands.
973. Prescottia myosurus, G. Rchb.
Fl. March. In grass-fields on high hills, uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400').
974. Spiranthes elata, Rich.
Fl. March. Leaves deciduous during anthesis. In leaf-mould on high hills, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands.
975. Stenorrhynchus lanceolatus, Rich.
Fl. May. Leaves deciduous during anthesis. Only %-V high. In clayey soil among rocks on high hills, rare.— St. Thomas (Signal Hill, Crown).
976. Habenaria maculosa, Lindl.
Fl. Feb. Spur 1" long, nectariferous. In pastures on high hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
977. H. alata, Hook.
Fl. Feb. Spur &" long, nectariferous. In the same localities as the preceding, rare.— St. Thomas (Signal Hill, above St. Peter, 1400').
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 115
II. CRYPTOGAMS VASCTTLARES.
* LICOPODIACEiE.
978. Lycopodium cernuum, L.
Gregarious among rocks on high hills, here and there. — St. Thomas (Crown, Signal Hill).
979. Psilotum triquetrum, Sw.
In shady places among rocks, not uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis) ; St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
FltlCES.
980. Ophioglossum reticulatum, L.
In pastures under rocks on high hills, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Crown).
981. Davallia aculeata, Sw. (v. Prickly Fern).
In pastures on high hills, here and there. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, above St. Peter, 1300').
982. Adiantum villosum, L.
Among rocks in forests, uncommon. — St. Croix (Crequis, Vieques).
983. A. intermedium, Sw.
On high hills, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
984. A. microphyllum, Kaulf.
Fragrant in the morning. In dense forests, uncommon. — St. Thomas
(Crown).
985. A. tenerum, Sw. (v. Maiden-hair).
In thickets, not uncommon. — All islands.
986. A. fragile, Sw.
In the same localities as the preceding, uncommon. — All islands.
987. Cheilanthes microphylla, Sw.
St. Croix (West, p. 313, Benzon in Hb. Havn.) ; St. Thomas (Ravn in Hb. Havn.).
988. Pteris longifolia, L.
Along rivulets in forests, rare. — St. Croix (Crequis).
116 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.
989. P. pedata, L.
Gregarious in forests, here and there. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, near St. Peter).
990. Taenitis lanceolata, R. Br.
In leaf-mould on rocks, not uncommon. — All islands. ^
991. Antrophyum lineatum, Eaulf.
In forests, rare. — St. Thomas (St. Peter).
992. Blechnum occidentale, L.
Gregarious in pastures and forests, very common. — All islands.
993. Chrysodium vulgare, Fe"e.
In marshy soil, gregarious; up to 15' high. Not uncommon. — All islands.
994. Hemionitis palmata, L. (v. Strawberry Fern).
Propagating itself by buds from the serratures of the frond. Grega- rious in shady forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Eliza's Betreatj; St. Jan (Eogiers, King's Hill).
995. Gymnogramme calomelanos, Kaulf. (v. Silvery Fern).
On hills and among stones, not uncommon. — All islands.
Var. pumila, Egg.
Dwarfy, cartilaginous. On old walls, here and there. — St. Croix (Bodkin); St. Thomas (Cowell's Battery).
996. Asplenium serratum, L.
Frond up to 4' long. On rocks in forests, very rare. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400').
997. A. firmum, Kze.
St. Thomas (Griseb. Syst. TJnters. p. 134) (A. abscissnm, W.).
998. A. pumilum, Sw.
On clayey soil in forests, gregarious, here and there. — St. Thomas (Matthis Gut) ; St. Jan (Rogiers).
999. Aspidium punctulatum, Sw.
In forests, not uncommon. — St. Thomas.
1000. A. semicordatum, Sw.
In shady localities, not uncommon. — Virgin Islands.
FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 117
1001. A. patens, Sw.
In forests, here and there. — St. Croix (Crequis); St. Thomas (Crown).
1002. A. molle, Sw.
In the same localities as the preceding, not uncommon. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill).
1003. A. invisum, Sw. a).
In shady localities, rare. — St. Croix (Crequis).
1004. Polypodium tetragonum, Sw.
In forests, not uncommon. — All islands
1005. P. crenatum, Sw.
St. Croix (West, p. 313, Benzon in Hb. Havn.); St. Thomas (Hb. Havn.).
1006. P. aureum, L.
On dead trees and rocks, not uncommon. — All islands.
1007. P. areolatum, Thunb.
In the same places as .the preceding, but rare. — St. Thomas (Crown).
1008. P. incisum, Sw.
St. Croix (West, p. 313).
1009. P. incanum, Sw.
Among roots of large trees, gregarious, not uncommon. All islands.
1010. P, piloselloides, L.
In forests and pastures among rocks on high hills, here and there. — St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1300').
1011. P. serpens, Sw.
On trees and rocks on high hills, rare. — St. Croix (top of Mount Ea- gle, 1150').
1012. P. Phyllitidis, L. u) and [3) repens.
In forests on rocks and trees, not uncommon. — All islands.
1013. Cyathea arborea, Sw.
Stem 12'-15' high, 3" diam. In forests on high hills, rare. — St. Thomas (Crown, western slope, 1400'; Caret Bay Gut).
COEEECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.
Page 19. Fourteenth line from above, after " local name" read — which as a rule is derived either from the English or the Dutch language, except in Vieques and Culebra.
Page 84. To Avicennia nitida. — The ground under the tree is sometimes covered with a peculiar kind of aerial roots, proceeding from the underground roots erect into the air to a height of four to six inches.
Page 99. To Aroidew. — A supposed Aroidea with an immense, nearly aphyllous, climb- ing, terete, green stem, about 100' long, 1" diam., with scaly, early deciduous leaves and aerial roots resembling those of Vanilla, is met with in a few places in St. Thomas (among rocks on Flaghill in the forest). As, however, neither fruit nor flower bus as yet been found, it is still doubtful even to which family this interesting species may belong.
Page 100, No. 827. Cancel the lines, " Leaves used for making ropes, thatching roofs, and other domestic purposes."
Add before No. 828 :
827a. T/i. parviflora, Sw. (v. Bull-Seger). Fl. May-July; stem 30'-40' high, up to 3' in circumference. Berry in both species black, fleshy. Leaves of this species are used for making ropes, hats, roofs, and for other domestic purposes. On the northern slopes of the hills, common. — Virgin Islands. •
Add before Commelynacece:
(Cultivated species: Phoenix 82rinosa, Thonning, and Latania borbonica, L.) 118
INDEX
The names in italics are those of the cultivated plants of the islands.
Abelmosehus escnlentus .
Abrus praecatorius
Abutilon indicum
lignosum
periplocifolium .
umbellatum
Acacia arabica
Catechu
Farnesiana
frondosa
Fane. 30 43 30 30 29 29 49 48 49 49
macracantha
nudiflora
sarmentosa
tortuosa
Acalypha ehain.Tdrifolia . .
ACANTHACE.E
Acanthospermum humile. .
Achyranthes aspera
Acrodiclidium salicifolium
Adansonia digitata
Adenanthera pavonina
Adiantum fragile
intermedium
49
48
48
49
91
80
64
86
89
31
48
115
115
microphyllum 115
115
115
84
42
42
109
109
63
91
97
70
89
84
110
45
54
109
84
Alpinia nutans 112
tenerum
villosum
iEgiphila martinicensis. . . JEschynomene americana.
Agati granditlora
Agave americana
sobolifera
Ageratum couyzoides
Aleurites Moluccana
ALISMACEiE
Allamanda cathartica
Alligator Pear
Ailing, white.
Allium fistulosum
Abnond, Dog
Almond-tree
Aloe vulgaris
Aloysia citriodora
Alteinunthera Achyrantha. .
ficoidea
polygonoides .
AWuea rosea
Alysicarpus vaginalis
AMAEANTACEzE
Amaiantus paniculatus
spinosus
tristis
A ma ret
86 86 86 31
43 86 87 87 87 48
Lebbek 49,59
Page.
Amaretsteckel 48
Amaryllis equestris 109
tubispatha 110
Amblogyne polygonoides 87
Ambrosia artemisia;folia 64
AMENTACEzE 90
Ammannia latifolia 54
AMPELIDEzE 39
Amyris sylvatica 40
Anacardium occidentale 41
Anamomis punctata 52
Ananassa sativa 112
Anatherum bieomo 100
Andira iuermis 45
Andropogon saccharoides 106
Schoenanthus 106
Anethum graveolens 59
Anguria glomerata 55
trilobata 55
Anise
Anona laurifolia
muricata
palustris
reticulata
squamosa
ANON ACEzE
Anthacanthus jamaicensis. . . miciophyllus .
spinosus
Anthephora elegans
Antherylium Rohrii
Anthriscus Cerefolinm
Anthurium coidifolium
Huegelii
macrophyllum . .
Antigonon cordatum
Antrophyum lineatum
Apium graveolens
APOCTNACE^; ,
Apple, Pell
Chigger
Custard
Maid
Monkey
Pino
Star
Sugar
Arachis hypogasa
AEALIACEyE
Ardisia -coriacea
Argemonemexicana
Aigyrothamnia candicans . - .
fasciculata..
Aiistida stricta
59 23 23 23
23 23 23 81 81 81
105 54 59 98 98 98 88
110 59 69 50 33, 57 2io 55 23
111 C7 23 43 59 67 24 91 91
101
119
120
INDEX.
Page.
Aristoloehia anguicida 90
trilobata 90
ABISTOLOCHIACE^ 95
AKOIDEiE 98
Arrow-root 112
Arthrosty lidium capillifolium 101
Artocarpus incisa , 04
ASCLEPIADACE^ 70
Asclepias curassavica 70
nivea 70
Ash, Bitter 38
ASPAK AGUSTACE^: 110
Aspidium invisum 117
molle 117
patens 117
punctulatum 116
senrieordatuni 116
Aspleniuin flrrur.m 116
pumilum 116
serratum 110
Aster chinensis 67
AtTUANTIACE.E 36
Avicennia nitida 84, 118
tomentosa 84
Ayeniapusilla 32
Baas-fram boom 59
Baccharis Vahlii 64
Bachelor's Button 86
Balloon-vine 35
Balsam, Garden 80
Passia 81
Penguin 80
Balsamina hortensis 36
BA LSAMINACE.E 36
Bamboo Cane 101
Bambusa vulgaris lot
Banana 112
Barleria lupulina 80
Barrow, Fallen 66
Bastard Guava 52
Mahogany 45
Bastardia viseosa 30
Hat is maritima 86
Batta-batta 87
Baubinia tomentosa 47
ungula 48
Bay-flower 28,86
Grass 102
Leaf 52
Sallie 67
Tine , 71
Bean, Horse 46
Rat 25
White 44
Beet 80
Begonia humilis 96
BKGONIACEiE 90
Bell apple 50
Belopeione nemorosa 80
Benye 81
Beta vulgaris 80
Beurreria succulenta 74
I'.iih us bipimiatus 65
lencanthus 65
Bignonia requinoctialis 79
unguis 79
Pa ^c.
BIGNOXIACEJS ^79
Billy Grass 102
Bird Pepper 70
Bisom 107
Bitter-ash 58
Bush 69
Gobie 55
Grass 105
Bixa Orellana 25
BIXACEiE 25
Black Amaret 48
Calabash 79
Cherry 52
Nickars 46
Pepper, Wild 84
Torch GO
Willie 25
Black-eye Pea 50
Blecbnuni Brownei 80
occidentale ] ] 6
Blister-leaf S3
Blood-root in
Blue Vine 44
Boerhaavia ereeta 87
panieulata 87
BOMBACE^S 31
Bonny Vis 44
Bontia daphnoides 84
BOIIAGINACE^E 74
Borreria parvitlora 02
stricta 02
verticillata 02
Borriebia arborescens 65
Bouchea Ehrenbergii 83
Roxujainvillea spectabilis 87
Boussingaultia baselloides 83
Bouteloua litigiosa 102
Bower 87
Boxwood 90
Brachyrbamphus intybaccus 60
Bran Kettle r.j
Brassavola eueullata u;j
Brassica oleracea 24
Breadfruit-tree 94
Break-bill G8
Brisselet ^ 34
Bromelia Pinguin m
BBOMELIACE2E m
Broom, white-head 64
Broom-wood 32
Brunfelsia ainericana 7,")
Bryoj ili;. Hum calycinum 58
Bucida Buceras 54
Bull-suckers 68
Vis 35
Bully Wood (58
Bumelia cuneata 08
Bunchosia Swartziana 34
Bunva .. 23
Bur-bush 32
Burning Love 62
Burr Grass. 1 105
Bui-sera guinniifi ra in
Bfl TTN ERIACE2E 32
Button-wood 54
Buxus Vahlii 90
INDEX.
121
Page.
Byrsonhna lucida 34
spicala 34
Cabbage 24
Mountain 100
Cabrite 35
Cacalia coccinea 66
Cacoa 50
CACTACEJ2 57
Casalpinia pulcherrima 46
Cajanus iudicus 44
Cakile asqualis 24
Calabash, Black 79
Calabash-tree 79
Caladium bicolor 99
pictum 99
picturatum 99
smaragdinura 99
Calalu, Jackass1 32
Calliandra portoricensis 49
purpurea 49
Saman 49
Callicarpa reticulata 84
Callisia repens 100
umbellulata 100
Calophylluin Calaba 34
Calotropis procera 70
( al vptrantb.es Chytraculia 50
pallens . . , 50
Thomasiana 50
Canavalia gladiata 45
obtusifolia 45
parviflora 45
Candlestick, Golden 47
Cane, Bamboo 101
Dumb 98
Sugar 10G
Canella alba 34
CANELLACEiE 34
Canker-berry 77
Canna edulis 112
indica 112
Lamberti 112
Cape Jessamine 70
C APP AEIDACEiE 24
Cajjparis amygdalina 25
eynophallophora 25
frondosa 25
jamaicensis 25
verrucosa 25
Capraria biflora 78
CAPRIFOLIACE2E 59
Capsicum annuum 76
baccatum 76
dulco 76
frutescens 76
Cardiospermum Halicacabum 35
microcarpum 35
Carica Papaya 56
Carrot 59
C ARYOPHYLLACE^ 27
Casearia parvifolia 26
ramiflora 26
sylvestris 26
Casha 49
Cashew 41
Caspar ea 50
Page.
Cassava 92
Cassia alata 47
angustisiliqua 47
bacillaris 47
bicapsularis 47
biflora. 47
Fistula 46
florida 47
glandulosa 47
grandis 46
nicticans 47
obtusifolia 47
occidentalis 47
Cassytaamericana 89
Castela erecta 38
Castor-oil tree 92
Casuarina equisetifolia 96
Cat-claw 79
Catalpa longisiliqua 79
Catch-and-keep 48
Catesbaa parviflora 59
Catopsis nutans Ill
Cattiin 70
Cecropia peltata 94
Cedar 79
CELASTEACEJ2 39
Celery 59
Celosia argentea 86
nitida 86
Celtis aculeata 94
trinervia '. 94
Cenchrus echinatus 105
Centipee-root 37
Centrosema virginianum 44
Cephalandra indica 55
(Vitus, Night-blooming 57
Cereus armatus 57
floccosus 57
grandiflorus 57
monoclonos 58
peruvianas 58
Phyllanthus 58
repandus 58
triangularis. 57
Cestrum diurnum 78
laurifolium 78
noctumum 78
Chamissoa altissima 86
Changeable Hibiscus 31
Chcilanthes microphylla 115
CHENOPODIACEyE 85
Chenopodium ambrosioides 85
murale- 85
Cherry 34,41
Black 52
Christmas 52
Surinam 52
Wild 34
Chervil 59
Chevalliera lingulata Ill
Cbichery Grape 75
Chigger-apple 33, 57
Chinese Eose 31
Chiococca racemosa 61
Chione glabra 61
Chloris ciliata 102
122
INDEX.
Page.
Chloris eleusinoides 102
radiata 102
Choco 5G
Christmas-bush 63
C herry 52
Pride 80
CHEYSOBALANACE^ 50
Chry sobalanus Icaco 50
Chrysodiuni vulgare 116
Chrysogonum dichotomum 66
Chrysophylluni Caiuito 67
glabrum 67
microphyllum 67
oliviforme 67
paucifloruni 67
Chuc-chuc 84
Church-flower C9
Ciboule 110
Cinnamomuui zeilanicum 88
Cinnamon-bush 52
Cipura plicata Ill
Cissampelos Pareira 24
Cissus acida 39
sicyoides 39
trifoliata 39
Citharexylum cinereum 83
quadrangulare 83
villosum 84
Citron. 36
Citrullus vulgaris 56
Citrus Aurantium 36
buxifolia 36
decumana 36
medica 36
Clashi-nmlat 73
Cleome pentaphylla 24
pungens 25
viscosa 25
Clerodendron aculeatum 84
f ragrans 84
Clidemia hirta 53
rubra 53
spicata 53
Clitoria Ternatea 44
Clusia alba 33
rosea 33
Coccoloba diversifolia 88
Klot zschiana 88
Kunthiana 88
laurifolia 88
leoganensis 88
nivea 88
obtusifolia : 88
punctata 88
rugosa 88
uvifera 88
Coeculus domingensis 24
Cocks 81
Cocoa-nut tree 100
Cocoa-plum 50
Tree 32
Cocos nucifera 100
Cndititim ruriegatum 94
Coffea arabica 61
Coffee-tree 61
Coix Lacryma 106
Page.
Coleus aniboinicns 81
Colubrina ferruginosa ■. 40
rcclinata 40
COMBKETACE^ 54
Commelyna eayennensis 100
elegans loi
COMMELYNACE.E 100
Comocladia ilicifolia 41
Condalia ferrea 40
CONIFERS 07
Conocarpus erecta 54
COXVOLVULACE^ 70
Convolvulus jamaicensis 73
matutinus 73
nielanostictus 73
nodiflorus 73
pentanthus 73
sagittifer -. 73
venenatus 73
CooHa punctata 37
Coipielicot 48
Coral-bush 92
Corchorus acutangulus 32
hirsutus 33
hirtus 33
siliquosus 33
Cordia, Scarlet 74
Cordia alba 74
Collococca 74
cylindristachya 74
Gerascauthus 74
globosa 74
laevigata 74
martinicensis 74
nitida 74
Sebestena 74
sulcata 74
ulmifolia 74
Corn, Guinea 106
Indian 100
Cosmos caudatus 65
Cotton-tree 31
Couroupita guianensis 53
Coursetia arborea 42
Cow-itch 45
Crab-prickle 49
Cracca caribiea 42
Crane's Neck 06
CRASSULACE2E 58
Cremanium amygdalinum 53
Creole Chinine - - - - CO
Crescentia cucurbitina 79
Cujete 79
Cress 24
Crinum erubescens 109
giganteum 110
Cromberry 51
Crossandra infundibuliformis 81
Crotalaria ineana 41
latifolia 41
retusa 41
verrucosa 14
Croton astroites 90
lxtulinus 91
discolor 91
Havens 91
INDEX.
123
Page.
Croton lmmilis 91
lobatus 91
ovaliiblius 91
Crotonea 91
CEUCIFEBiE 24
Cucumber 55
Mutton 56
Cucumis Anguria 55
Melo 56
sativus 56
Cucurbita Pepo 55
CUCUEBITACE.E 55
Cupania fulva 35
Cuppar 74
Curcuma longa 112
Cuscuta americana 73
Custard-apple 23
Cutting Grass 109
Cyat hea arborea 117
CYCADACE^) 97
Cycas revoluta 97
Cyniodocea nianatorum 97
Cynodon Dactylon 102
CTPEEACEJE 106
Cyperus articulatus 107
brunneus 107
conipressus 106
confertus 106
distans 107
filiformis 107
flavomariscus 108
laevigatus 106
ligularis 107
ochraceus 107
odoratus 107
pennatus 107
poly stachyu8 106
rotundus 107
spbacelatus 107
surinaniensis 107
unifolius 107
viscosus ] 07
Cypress 26
Cyprian 37
Cypselea humifusa 27
Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum 102
Dalechanipia scandens 93
Daphnopsis caribaea 89
Datura fastuosa 76
Metel 76
Stramonium 76
suaveolens 78
Tatula '. 76
Daucus Garota 59
Davallia aculeata 115
Davilla rugosa 23
Desmanthus depressus 48
virgatus 48
Desniodium incanum 43
molle 43
Scorpiurus, 43
spirale 43
tortuosum 43
triflorum 43
Dianthera pectoralis 80
sessilis 80
Page.
Dicliptera adsurgens 81
Dieflenbachia Seguine 98
Digitaria filiformis 103
marginata 103
setigera K4
Dildo 57
Dill 59
DILLEXIACE^ 23
Diodia rigida 62
sarmentosa 62
Dioseorea alata 110
altissima 110
pilosiuscula 110
DIOSCOREACE.E 110
Dipbolis salicifolia .' 68
Diplochita serrulata 53
Distictis lactiflora 79
Distreptus spicatus 63
Divi-divi 46
Dodonaea viscosa 36
Dog Almond 45
Dogwood 45
Dolichos Lablab 44
sesquipedalis 50
sphcerospermtis 50
Drepanocarpus lunatus 45
Drymaria cordata 27
Drypetes glauca 90
laevigata 90
Duck-weed 9">
Dudeldu 46
Dumb Cane 98
Duranta Plumieri 84
Eastlndia Thyme 81
EBENACE.E 68
Echinodorus cordifolius 97
Echites agglutinata 69
barbata 70
circinalis 69
neriandra 69
suberecta 69
Eclipta alba 64
Edden-wood 40
Egg-plant 78
Egletes domingensis 66
Elaeodendron xylocarpum 39
Elepbantopus mollis 63
Eleusine indica 102
Emilia sagittata 66
sonchifolia 66
English Plantain 85
Epidendrum bifidum 113
ciliare 113
cochleatum 113
patens 113
subaequale 113
Eragrostis ciliaris 101
poaeoides 101
Erechthites hieracifolia 60
Erigeron canadensis 64
cuneifolius 63
spathulatus 63
Eriochloa punctata 104
Eriodendron anfractuosum 31
Erithalis fruticosa 6]
odorifera 61
124
INDEX.
Page.
Ernodea litoi alia 62
Eryngiuro fcttiduni 59
Erythrina Corallodendron 45
horrida 45
ERYTHEOXYLACE^ 34
Erythroxylum areolatum 34
brevipes 34
ovatum 34
Eugenia acetosans 51
axillaris 51
buxifolia 50
flavovirena 51
floribunda 52
glabrata 51
lateriflora 51
liguatrina 52
marginata 52
micrantba 52
monticola 51
pallens 51
Poiretii 51
portoricenaia 52
procera 52
paeudopaidium 52
aeaailiflora 51
uniflora 52
virgultosa 51
Eupatorium atriplicifolinm 63
Ayapana 63
canescena 63
cuneifolium 63
odoratum 63
repandum 63
Euphorbia antiquorum 94
articulata 93
buxifolia 93
eotinifolia 93
geniculate 93
heterophylla 93
hypericifolia 93
neriifolia 93
petiolaria 93
pilulifera 93
proatrata 93
pulcberrima 94
splendens - 94
thymifolia 93
ETJPHORBIACE2E 90
Euxolus caudatua 87
oleraceua 87
Evolvulua linifolius 73
mucronatua 73
nuniinularius 73
Exeoecaria Laurocerasus 92
Exoatemma caribsoum 60
Eye-bright 75
Fagara micropbylla 38
Fairy Ivy 79
Earamea odoratiaaima 61
Fatten Barrow 66
Female Karata 109
Fennel 59
Fem.Prickly 115
Silvery 116
St rawberry 116
Ficus Carica 95
Page.
Ficus craasinervia 94
elastica 95
laevigata 94
lentiginosa 94
pedunculata 94
populnea 94
trigonata 94
Fiddlewood 83
Fig-tree 95
FILICES 115
Fire-weed 76
Fiacheria scandens 70
Flamboyant 40,45,40
FlatGraas 103
Fle'iti 47
Fleurya reatuana 95
Fluy te boom 74
Fozniculum vulgare 59
Forbidden Fruit 30
Forestiera porulosa G8
Fourcroya cubenais 109
Four-o'clock 87
Francbipani 69
French Graas 100,101
Physic-nut 92
Prickly Pear 58
Tea 81
Fustic 42,95
Galactia flliformis 44
tenuiflora 44
Galphimia glauca 34
Garden Balsam 80
Genipa americana 59
Geophila reniformis 62
Georgian variabilis 67
GERANIACEiE 36
Geranium 36
CESXERIACE^: 81
Giant Thibet-tree 49
Ginger 112
Guinea 99
Stone 96
Goat-weed 78
Gobie 55
Golden Candlestick 47
Gomphrena globosa 86
Gongora-hout 90
Gonzalea spicata 60
GOODEXOVIACE^ 67
Gooseberry 90
Surinam 58
Gosaypium barbadenae .., 31
vitifolium 31
Gouania domingenaia 40
GRAMENACEJS 101
Granni Vine 71
Grape, Chichery '• 75
Sea 88
Graptophyllum hortense 81
Grasa, Bay . . . . - 102
Billy 102
Bitter 105
Burr 105
Cutting 100
Flat 103
French 100,101
INDEX.
125
Page.
Grass, Guinea 105
Hair 101
Horse 104
Jolly 100
Lemon 106
Long 105
Kut 107
Razor 109
Running 103
St. Jan Ill
Sour 104, 105
Spanish 104
Ten-per-cent 102
Green Pea 50
Gregery 54
Grenadilla 57
Grey Nickars 46
Gritchee 48
Ground-nuts 43
Guajacum officinale 37
Guama 40
Guana-tail 110
Guarea trichilioides 36
Guava 52
Bastard 52
Sperry 52
Guava-berry 52
Guatteria Ouregou 23
Guazunia ulmifolia 32
Guettarda parvifolia 60
scabra CO
Guilandina Bonduc 40
Bonducella 46
melanosperma 46
Guinea Corn 106
Ginger 99
Grass 105
Tamarind 31
Gully-root 85
GUTTIFER^ 33
Gymnogramme calomelanos 116
Habenaria alata 114
maculosa 114
Haematoxylon campecbianum 46
Hagbusk 36
Hair-grass 101
Halodule Wrightii 97
Halophila Baillonii 98
Hamelia lutea 60
patens 60
nebeclinium macrophyllum 63
Hecastopbyllum Brownei 45
Hedwigia balsamifera 40
Helianthus annum 67
Helicteres jamaicensis 32
Heliotrope 75
Heliotropium curassavicum 75
fruticosum 75
indicum 75
parviflorum 75
peruvianum 75
Hemionitis palmata 116
Herpestis chamaedryoides 78
Monniera 78
stricta 78
Heteropteris parvifolia 35
Page.
Heteropteris purpurea 35
Hibiscus, Changeable 31
Hibiscus brasiliensis 31
clypeatus 30
mutabilis 31
phoeniceus 31
Hosa-sinensis 31
Sabdariffa . . . : 31
vitifolius 30
Hippomane llancinella 92
Hog-plum 40
Hollow-stock 28,82
Hollyhock 31
Holmskjoldia sangtiinea 84
Hon Kloot 45
Honey-suckle 59
Hops, vrild 82
Horse-bean 46
Grass 104
Horse-radish-tree 25
Hoya carnosa 70
Hui'elandia pendula . 89
Hura crepitans 92
HYDROCHAR1DACE.E 97
HYDROLEACE.E 73
Hymensea Courbaril 47
Hyptiscapitata 82
pectinata 82
suaveolens 82
verticillata 82
Ibatia muricata 70
Indian Corn 106
Kale 99
Shot 112
Indigo-berry 56
Indigofera Anil 42
tinctoria 42
Inga laurina 50
Ionidium strictum 26
Ipecacuana 70
Ipomcea acuminata 72
arenaria 72
asarifolia 72
Batatas 71
Bona-nox 70
carnea 71
coccinea 72
dissecta 71
fastigiata 71
flliformis 72
Horsfalliae 73
Learii — 73
leucantba 71
Nil 72
pentaphylla 71
pes-caprse 71
purpurea 72
Quamoclit 72
quinquefolia 71
quinquepartita 72
repanda 72
tiliacea "V --• 72
triloba 71
triquetra • 72
Tuba 7,)
tuberosa 71
0 T A H | C S**ftC
126
INDEX.
Pago.
Ipomoea nmbellata 71
violacea 71
Irosine elatior 86
IRIDACE^ Ill
Irish Potato 78
Iron-grass 0'2
Isotoma longiflora 67
Ixora Bandhuca 02
ferrea 61
stricta 62
Jackass Calalu 32
Jacquemontia tamnifolia 73
Jacquinia annularis 67
Jamaica Plum 41
Jambosa malaccensis 50
vulgaris 50
JASMPNACEJ3 68
Jasminum officinale 68
pubesceira 68
revolutum 68
Jatropba Curcas 92
gossypiifolia 92
multiflda 92
pan durce/olia 94
Jessamine, Cape 70
Double 68
Nepaul 68
Star 68
Job's Tears 106
Jolly Grass 106
Jumbee-bead 43
Juniper 74
Jussieua suffruticosa 54
Justleia bicolor 81
carthagenensis 80
periploca:folia 80
reflexiflora 80
Kakkerlakka-berry 78
Kale, Indian 99
Karata 109
Keneppy-tree 35
Klangbout 69
Kostelctzky a pentaspcrma 30
Krarneria Ixina 26
Kyllinga brevifolia 108
filiformis 108
monocepbala 108
triceps 1 08
LABIAT2E 81
Lactvca saliva 67
Ladybus 109
Lady-finger- tree 50
-slippers 36
Lagenaria vulgaris 55
Lagerslromia indica 54
Laguncnlaria racemosa 54
Lambrali 39
Lantana Camara 83
invnlucrata 83
poly aeantha 83
reticulata 83
Lappngo aliena 106
Latania borbonica 118
LAURACEJ3 88
I.;i\ ender, Sea 75
Lawsonia incrmis 54
Page.
Lebidibia coriaria 46
LEGUMINOS^3 41
Lemna minor 99
Lemon Grass 106
Lemon-scented Verbena 84
Leonotis nepetsefolia 82
Leonurus sibiricus 82
Lepidium sativum ? 24
virginicum 24
Leptochloa mucronata 102
virgata 102
Leria nutans 66
Leuca^na glauca 48
Leucas martinicensis 82
Lignum- vitaj 37
Lilac 36
LILIACE^ 109
Lily, Red 109
Water 24
White 109
Lime 36
Sweet 37
Linguan-tree 25
Linociera compacta 68
Lipariselata 112
Lippia nodiflora 83
Liquorice, Wild 43
Liquorice-tree 46
LOBELIACE.E 67
Loblolly 87
Locust-tree 47
Logwood 46
Long Grass 105
Longlo 37
Lonicera Caprifolium 59
LOEANTHACE^ 59
Loranthus emarginatus 59
Lourea vespertilionis 42
Love-in-the-mist 57
Love-weed 73
Lucuma multiflora 68
Lufla cylindrica 55
Lumbo 87
Lumbush 77
Lycopersicum cerasiforme 77
esculentum 77
LTCOPODIACE^: 115
Lycopodium cernuum 115
LYTHRARIEiE 54
Mabee-bark 40
Maccreigbtia caribasa 68
Madura tinctoria 95
Madeira Plant 79
Mahoe.-l 30,31,32
Mahogany 36
bastard 45
Maid-apple 55
Maiden-hair 115
Malachra capitata 30
mens 30
Malpighia angustifolia 35
Cnida 35
glabra 34
urens 34
MALPIGHIACE.E 34
MALVACEAE , 28
INDEX.
127
Page.
Malvastrum spicatum 28
tricuspidatum 28
Mamey 34
Wild 33
Mamillaria nivosa 57
Mamrnea americana 34
Marnpoo 87
Manchineel 93
Manehineel-tree 92
Mangelboom 54
Mangifera indica 41
Mango-tree 41
Mangrove 54
White 54
Manihot utilissima 92
Man jack 74
Maran 91
Swart 29
White £0
Maranta arundinacea 112
Maroon Jancole 98
Marsh-mallow 30,32
Martynia diandra 81
Massambee 24
Wild 25
Mastic 68
Maurandia Barclayana 79
May tenus elseodendroides '. 39
lajvigatus 39
Melampodium divaricatum 64
Melantheia deltoidea 65
MELASTOM ACEJ5 53
Melia sempervirens 36
MELlACEiE 36
Melicocca bijuga 35
Melocactus atrosanguineus 57
communis 57
Melochria nodiflora 32
pyramidata 32
tomentosa 32
Melothria pervaga 55
MENISPERMACE.E 24
Mentha aquatica 82
Mespel 67
Metastelma jiarviflorum 70
Schlecktendalii 70
Mexican Wreath-plant 88
Miconiaangnstifolia ,... 53
argyrophylla 53
impetiolaris 53
laevigata 53
prasina 53
Microtea debilia 85
Mignonette 54
Mikania gonoclada 63
Milk-bush 69
Milk-tree 69
Mimosa asperata 48
Ceratonia 48
pudica ■ 48
Mint 82
Mirabilis J alapa ' 87
MOLLUGINE^E 27
Mollugo nudicaulis 27
vert ieillata 27
Momordica Charantia 55
Page.
Monkey-apple 23
Monkey's Hand 90
Morinda citrifolia 61
Moringa pterygosperma 25
Morisonia americana 25
Morning-glory 72
Mountain Cabbage 1 CO
Mouriria domingensis 53
Mucima pruriens 45
Mule-weed 64
Murraya exotica 37
Musa paradisiaca 112
sapientium 112
MTTSACE.E 112
Muscat, nut 39
Muskmelon 56
Mustard, Wild 24
Mutton-cucumber 56
Myginda latifolia 39
pallens 39
MYOPORACE.E 84
Myreia coriacea 50
Myrodia turbinata 31
Myrospermum frutescens 46
MYRSINACEJE 67
MYETACE^E 50
Myrtle - 53
Rock 52
Myrtus communis 53
Nania jamaicensis 73
Nasturtium officinale 24
Nectandra antillana 89
coriacea 89
membranacea 89
Nepsera aquatica 53
Neptunia pubescens 48
Neriuni Oleander 69
Nettle 92
Bran 92
Nickars, Black 46
Grey 46
Yellow 40
Nicotiana Tabacum 7G
Nigktblooming Cereus 57
Noyau Vine 71
Nut, Ground 43
Nut Grass 107
Muscat 39
Nutmeg 53
NYCTAGINACE^ 87
Nyctanthes Sambac 68
Nymphaea ampla 24
NYMPH^ACEJE 24
Obione cristata 85
Ocimum Basilicum 81
micranthum 81
Ogiera ruderalis 04
Okro 30
OLACACE^E 38
Old Man's Beard HI
Oldenlandia callitrichioides 60
corymbosa 00
OLEACE^: 68
Olyra latifolia 101
ONAGRAACE^ 54
Oncidium Lemoniamun 114
128
INDEX.
Page.
Oncidium variegatum 114
Opbioglossuni reticulatum 115
Opuntia eatocantba 58
coccinellifera 58
curassaviea 58
liorrida 58
spinosissinia 58
tuberculata 58
Tuna 58
Orange 36
Seville 36
OECHIDACEJ3 112
Oreodaphne leucoxylon 89
Oreodoxa regia 100
Origanum Majorana 82
Orthopogon setarius 104
Otaheite-tree 31
Overlook 45
Ovra bla 64
OXALIDACE2E 37
Oxalis corniculata 37
Martiana 37
Oxandra laurifolia 23
Pain-killer CI
Palicourea Pavetta 61
Palm, Sago 97
PALMiE 100
Palmer 67
Panax speciosum 59
Pancratium caribamm 109
PANDANACE^ 100
Pandanus odoratissimus 100
Panicum brevifolium 105
brizoides 104
cayennense 105
colonum 104
diffusum 105
divar jcatum 105
fuscum 104
glutinosnm 105
maximum 105
molle 104
paspaloides 104
prostratum 104
Papa-lolo 33
PAPAVERACE^ 24
Papaw 50
PAPAYACE^ 56
Pappophorum alopecuroides 102
Paritium tiliaceum 31
Parkinsonia aculeata 46
PARONTCHIACEJE 27
Parsley 59
Parthenium Hysteropborus 64
Paapalum caespitosum 103
compressum 103
conjugatum 103
disticbum 103
glabrum 103
notatum 103
panieulatum 103
plicatulum 103
pusillnm 103
spathaceum 103
virgatum 103
Passia Balsam 81
Page.
Passiflora fcetida 57
hirsuta 50
incarnata 56
laurifolia 56
pallida 56
peltata 56
quad rangularis 56
rubra 56
suberosa 56
PASSIELOEACEZE 56
Pavonia racemosa 30
spinifex 30
Pea, Black-eye 50
Green 50
Pigeon 44
Wild 44
Pear, Alligator 89
Freneb Prickly 58
Prickly 58
Pectis bumifusa CO
linifolia 66
punctata 66
Pedilanthus tithymaloides 94
Peireskia aculeata 58
Bleo 58
Pelargonium 36
Penguin Balsam 80
Peperomia acuminata 96
cubaua 96
glabella 96
obtusifolia 97
pellucida 98
poly stachya 97
scandens 97
Pepper 76
Bird 76
Small 76
Sweet 76
Wild Black 84
Persea gratissima 89
Petitia domingensis 84
Petiveria alliacea 85
Petrcea volubilis 84
Petro8elinum sativum 5!)
Petunia nyctaginiflora 78
violacea 78
Pharus glaber "101
Pbaseolus alatus 45
lunatus 44
semiereotua 45
vulgaris 44
Pbilodendron giganteum 99
hederaceum 99
Pbiloxerus vermiculatus 80
Phlox Drummondii 75
Pbcebe antillana 89
montana 89
Phoenix spinosa 118
PboradendrOn flavens 59
PbyHantbus aouminatua 90
(list i.lms 90
faicatua 90
Niruri 90
nobilis 90
Pbyaalis angulata 76
Linkiana k 76
INDEX.
129
Page.
Physalis peruviana 76
pubescens 76
Physic-nut 92
French 92
PHYT0LACCACEJ3 85
Picraena excelsa 38
Pictctia aristata 42
squaniata 42
Pigeon-pea 44
Pilea grandis 95
inaequalis 95
microphylla 95
nummulai ifolia 95
Sanctee-Crucis 95
semidentata 95
Pilocarpus racemosus 37
Pimenta acris 52
vulgaris 52
Pimpinella Anisum 59
Piudai s 43
Pine.Screw 100
Wild Ill
Pine-apple Ill
Pinguin Ill
Pinna koop 39
Piper auritum 96
Blattarum 96
Bredemeyeri 96
peltatum 96
Sieberi 96
PIPERACE.E 90
Piscidia Erythrina 45
Pisonia aculeata 87
inermis 87
subcordata 59, 87
Pistia oecidentalis 99
Pisum sativum 50
Pitcairnia angustifolia Ill
Pithecolobium. unguis-cati 49
PEA^TAGIXACE^J 85
Plantago major 85
Plantain 112
English 85
Plate-bush 77
Pluchea odorata 64
purpurascens 64
Plum, Cocoa 50
Hog 40
Jamaica 41
PLUMBAGIXACE^; 85
Plumbago capensis 85
scandens 85
Plumieria alba 69
obtusifolia 69
rubra 69
Pockenkolt 37
Poinclana Gillicsii 50
regia 46
POLEVlOXIACEvE 75
Police 48
Polyanthcs tubcrosa, 110
Polygala angustifolia 20
POLYGALACE^ 26
POLYGOXACE^E 88
Polypodiuin areolatum 117
aureum 117
Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13 9
Tage.
Polypodium crenatum 117
incanum 117
incisum 117
Phyllitidis 117
piloselloides 117
serpens 117
tetragon urn 117
Poly stachya luteola 1 13
Pomegranate 53
Pomerose-tree 50
Pop 56
Pope's Head 57
Portlandia grandiflora 00
Portulaca halimoides 28
oleracea 27
pilosa 28
quadiifida 27
PORTULACE^ 27
POTAME.E 97
Potato, Irish • 78
Sweet 71
Prapra 41
Prescottia Myosurue 114
Prickle, Crab 49
White 38
Yellow 38
Prickle-wood 54
Prickly Fern 115
Pear 58
Priva echinata 83
Psidimn cordatum 52
Guava 52
Psilotum triquetrum 115
Psychotria Brewnei 61
glabrata 61
horizontals 61
tenuifolia 61
Pteris longifolia 115
pedata 116
Pterocaulon virgatum 64
Pumpkin 55
Punica granatum 53
Purslane 27
Pyrethrum indumrn 67
Quassia 38
Quassia amara 38
Queen of Flowers 54
Quisqualis indica 54
Radish 24
Rain-tree 75
Rajania hastata Ill
pleioncura 110
Ramgoat-bush 38
Randia aculeata 60
Raphanus sativus 24
Razor-grass 109
Rat -bean 25
Rattle-bush 41
Rauwolfla Lamarckii 09
nitida 69
Red Beet 86
Franchipani 69
Lily 109
Sorrel 31
Redwood 88
Renealmia sylvestris .112
130
INDEX.
Page.
Eeynosia latifolia 40
mucronata 40
EHAMXACE^ 40
Rhizophora Mangle 54
EHIZOPHOBACE.E 54
Ehus autillana 41
Bbynchosia minima 43
phaseoloides 44
reticulata 44
Ehynchospora pura 108
pusilla 108
Eicinella peduiiculosa 91
Bicinus communis 92
Eivina lsevis 85
octandra 85
Bochefortia acanthophora 74
Bock-myrtle 52
Eoehout 88
Eondeletia pilosa 00
liosa centifolia 50
gallica 50
EOSACE.E 50
Eose, Chinese 31
Eosemary 82
Bosewood 74
Rosmarinus officinalis 82
Eoucou 25
Eousselia lappulacea 95
EUBIACE^I 59
Euellia strepens 80
tuberosa 80
Sum-ex vcsicarius 88
Eunning Grass 103
Euppia rostellata 98
Husselia juncea 79
ETJTACEiE 37
Sabinea florida 42
Saccharum officinarum 1 0G
Sage ... 83
Sago Palm 97
St. Jan Grass Ill
Salad 07
Wild 60
Sallie.Bay 07
Salvia coccinea 82
occidentalis 82
serotina 82
tenella 82
Sambucus nigra 59
Samyda glabrata 26
serrulata 20
Sandbox-tree 92
Sander, Yellow 38
Sanseviera guineensis 110
Santa Maria 34
SAPIXDACE3: 35
Sapindus insequalia 35
Sapota Achras 07
Sideroxylon 08
SAPOTACE.E 67
Sarcostemma Browne! 70
Savia sessiliflora 90
Seaevola Plumieri 67
Scarlet Cordiu 74
Indian Shot 112
Schrcffcria frutescens 39
Pago.
Schmidclia occidentalis 35
Schcepfia arborescens 38
Scirpus brizoides 108
capitatus 108
ferruginous 108
mutatus 108
nodulosus 108
subdistichus 108
SCITAMI^'EJE 112
Scleria filiformis io9
pratcnsis 109
scindcns 109
Sclerocarpus africanus 65
Scleropus amarantoides 87
Scolosanthus versicolor Gl
Scoparia dulcis 78
Scratch-throat 99
Screw Pine 100
SCEOPHULAEIACE^ 78
Scrubber 43
Sea-grape 88
Sea-lavender 75
Sebastiania lucida 92
Sechium cdule 56
Securidaca Brownei 26
erecta 26
Securinega acidothamnus 90
Sempervivie 109
Serjania lucida 35
tSesamum orientale 81
Sesbania sericea 42
Sesuvium portulacastrum 28
Setaria glauca 105
setosa 105
Seville Orange 3G
Shaddock 30
Shander 101
Shell-plant 112
Shot, Indian 112
Scarlet Indian 112
Sida acuminata 29
arguta 29
carpinifolia 28
ciliaris 28
cordit'olia 29
glomerata 28
humilis 29
jamaicensis 29
nervosa 29
rhombifolia 29
spinosa 29
supina 29
tristis 29
Sideroxylon Mastichodendron 68
SilkCattun 70
Sillv-cotton-trco 31
Silvery Pern 11G
Silvi 40
Sinapis arvensis 24
brassicata 24
Skitnetchi 92
Small Pepper 76
Trovo 77
SMILACE2E 110
Suiilax havaneusis 110
populuea 110
INDEX.
131
Page.
Snake-bush 85
Snake-n< iwcr 64
Snake-root 40,69
Snow-drop HO
Soap seed 35
Soap-stick 40
SOLANACE.E 75
Solatium aculeatissimum - 77
bahamense 77
igneuni 77
inchisum 77
laiiceifolium 77
manmtoaum 77
Melongena 78
nodiflorum .- 77
pulyganium 78
raceuiosum 77
Seaforthiannm 78
torvuni 77
tuberosum 78
verbascifolium 77
Soldier-wood 49
Soucb.ua -oleraceus 66
dophojra lomentosa 46
Sorghum vulgare 106
Sorrel, Bed 31
Sour Grass - 104, 105
Sour-eyes 45
Soursop 23
Spanish Grass. 104
S] targanophorua Vaillantii 62
Spermaeoce tenuior 62
Sperry Guava 52
Spigclia antkelmia 60
Spirantb.es elata 114
Spondias lutea 40
purpurea 41
Sponia micrantka 94
Spoon-tree 39
Sporobolus indicus 101
litoralis 101
virginicira 101
Squash 55
Stachytarpha jamaicensis 83
strigosa 83
Star-apple 67
Jessamine 68
Stark ntahart 85
Stcnionacanthus eoceineus 80
Stcnandrium rupestre 81
Stenorrhyncb.ua lanceolatua 114
Stenoatomum lucidum 60
Stenotaphrum amerieanum 104
Stephaiwtis floribunda 70
Stiiimaphyllon periplocifblium 35
Stilly Bisom 107
Stink Cashfl 49
Stink-tree 45
Stinking-weed 47
Stiverbush 47
Stone-ginger 96
Strainer-vine 55
Straw berry Fern 110
Stylosanthes pi ocumbens 43
viscosa 43
STYEACEzE 08
Page.
Styverbla 47
Suckers 58
Sugar-apple 23
Sugar-cane 106
Sunflower 67
Suriana maritima 85
Surinam Cherry 52
Gooseberry 58
Susakka 23
Susanna - 83
Swart Maran 29
Sweet Lime — 37
Marjoram Tea £2
Pepper 70
Potato - 71
Scent - 04
William - 72
Swietenia Mahogoni .— 36
Symplocos martinicensia G8
SYXANTHEEE.E 62
Sytu drella noditiora 66
Tabcrncemonlana capensis 70
eitrifolia - 69
Tsenitis lanceolata 116
Tagetes patida ' 07
Talinum patens 27
triangulare 27
T AMARIC ACE2E 26
Tamarind, Guinea 31
Wild 48
Tamarind-tree 47
Tamarindus indica --. 47
Tamarix indica - 26
Tanier 98,99
Tea.French 82
Sweet Marjoram 82
Tecoma Berterii 79
capensis - 79
leucoxylon 79
stans 79
Ten-per-cent Grass 102
Tepbrosia einerea 42
Teramnus nncinatua 44
TEEEBPNTH ACE.2E 40
Termiualia Catappa 54
Ternstriimia elliptica - 33
TEBNSTEOMIACE.E 33
Tetrazygia el&agnoides 53
Teyer-tree 100,118
Thalassia testudinum 97
Theobroma Cacao 32
Thespesia populnea 31
Thevetia neriifolia C9
Thibet-tree 49
Thistle 24
Thrinax argentea 100
parvitlora 118
Thuja 97
Thunbcrgia alata 81
fragrans 81
volubilia 81
Tbyme 82
East India 81
THYMELzEACE^E 89
Thymus vulgaris 82
Thyrsaeanthus nitidus 80
132
INDEX.
Page.
TILIACE2E 32
Tilkmdsia fasciculfita Ill
recurvata Ill
usneoides Ill
utriculata Ill
Tithonia spcciosa 07
Tobacco, Wild 65
Tobacco-pipe ■ 95
Tobinia punctata 37
spiuosa 37
Tomato 77
Torch, Black CO
Tournefortia bicolor 75
fcetidissima 75
gnaphalodes 75
liirsutissima 75
laurifolia 75
mierophylla 75
volubilis 75
Tout-le-mois 112
Tradeseantia discolor 100
genieulata 100
zebrina 100
Tragia volubilis 92
Trianosperrna ticifolium 55
graciliflorum 55
Trianthemamojiogynum 28
Tribulus cistoid.es 37
maximus 37
Tricliilia hirta 30
Triekokena insularis 105
Trilixerueis 25
Tripbasia trifoliata 37
Triumfetta althseoides 32
Lappula 32
rhornboidea 32
semitriloba 32
Trovo 77
Small 77
Trumpet-tree 94
Tshudya berbiceana 53
Tuberose 110
Turkey-berry 77
Turmeric 112
Turnera parvillora 57
ulmifolia 57
TURXEBACE2E 57
Turpentine-tree 40
Typha angustifolia 100
TrriiACE^; 100
TTMBELLIFEKJS • 59
IT vena lobata 30
TJrera baccifera 95
data 95
Til ica elongata 95
TJETIC ACE.E 94
Vandellia diffusa 78
Velvet-leaf 24
Vi ndu bountje 44
Verbena, Lemon-scented 84
Verbena ckarncedrifolia 84
VElt r.E X A ( ' E -E 83
Verbesina alata 05
Vemonia arborescena 02
punctata 62
Thomaj 62
Pa
Vervain
Vigna lutcola
Vinca rosea
Vine, Blue
VIOLA CEJS
Vis, Bonny
Bull
White ,
Yitex Agnus-castus
divaricata
Vitis caribsea
Waltheria americana
Wandering Jew
Water-cress
Water-lily
Watermelon
Waterpanna
Wax-flower
Wedelia acapulcensis
affinis ,
buphthalmoides .
carnosa
cmciana
discoidea
Wbite Ailing -
-bark
Bean
Ccdav
Eranehipani
Lily
Mangrove
Manjack
Maran
Police
Prickle
Vis
Wliite-head-liroom.
Wild Black Pepper
( llclTV
Coffee
Hops
Ipecacuana
Liquorice
Hamey
Massambee
Mustard.
Pea ,
Pino
Salad
Tamarind
Tanier
Tobacco
Wonderful Leaf
Worm-weed
Wreath-plant
Mexican
Xanthium macrocarpnm. . .
Xanthosoma atrovirens
hastatum
Bagittffifolium .
Vam
Yellow Cedar
Nickars
Prickle
Sander
Verba de Para
ge. 83 44 09 44 20 44 35 35 84 84 39 32
100 24 24 50 42 70 G5 05 05 05 05 65 84 34 44 79 C9
109 54 74 90 48 38 35 G4 84 34 01 82 70 43 33 25 24 44
111 GG 48 98 05 58 00 84 88 04 99 99 99
110 79 40 38 38
104
INDEX.
133
Page.
Tncca gloriosa — - 109
Zantnoxylum Clava-Herculis 38
fiavuni 38
macrophyllurn 38
Ockroxylurn 38
Zca-Mays 106
Page.
Zingiber officinalis „ 112
Zinnia elegans 04
multiflora C4
Zizyphus reticulata . . - 40
Zomia diphylla 42
ZYGOPHTLLACE^ 37
QK 233 .E35Ycr2BO,an'Ca' Garde" Ubrary flen
Eggers H F . A./The flora of St. Croix
3 5185 00135 9940
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