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FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA.

FLORA

OF

TROPICAL AFRICA

EDITED BY

SIR W. T. THISELTON-DYER, K.C.M.G., CLE.

LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S.

HONOKARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD
DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

VOL, IV.— SECTION 1.
OLEACEJ^ TO GEXTIAKEJE.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

L. REEVE & CO., LTD.,
THE OAST HOUSE, BROOK, ASHFORD, KENT.

1904.

DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE SEVERAL PARTS
OF THIS VOLUME.

Part I. pp. 1-192 was published July 1902.
., II. „ 193-384 „ December 1902.

., III. „ 385-576 ., iJfarr/i 1903.

„ IV. „ r>77 to end „ Xovemher 1904.

Reprinted 1958

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD
109 KINGSWAY LONDON W C 2 AND ASHFORD KENT

PREFACE.

The large and constantly increasing mass of material has exceeded the
space allotted to it, and has made it necessary to divide the present
volume of the " Flora of Tropical Africa" into two sections.

The concluding part of the present section has been delayed as far
as practicable in order to include in the Addenda the most recent
additions to our knowledge of the Orders described, and especially to
bring up to date what has been ascertained with regard to the
Apocynacece^ which include most of the caoutchouc-producing plants of
Tropical Africa, as well as others yielding medicinal products of great
value.

For the amended definition of the regions into which the area of
the flora is divided, reference may be made to the preface to the
seventh volume.

In the prefaces to the first, fifth, seventh, and eighth volumes, will
be found an enumeration of the materials employed up to 18G8, and of
the most important additions to them which have reached Kew since.

The further collections at Kew cited in the present volume are :
I. Upper Guinea. — T. B. Dawodu, plants from Lagos. Geheimrath
Dr. A. Engler, a collection of Warnecke's plants from Togo. L. Kentish-
Rankin, plants from Northern Nigeria. D. Sim, a collection from
Liberia. A. Whyte, a collection from Liberia.

III. Nile Land — A. F. Broun, a collection of plants from the
Soudan. M. T. Dawe, a collection of plants from Uganda. W. G.
Doggett, a collection of plants from Uganda. Sir H. H. Johnston, a
collection of plants from Uganda. J. Mahon, a collection of plants
from Uganda. C. E. Muriel, a collection of plants from the Blue and
White Nile. Captain M. S. Wellby, a collection of plants from South
Abyssinia and Lake Rudolph. A. Whyte, a collection of plants from
Uganda and British East Africa.

IV. Lower Guinea. — J. Gossweiler, plants from Angola H. Hua,

VI PREFACE.

a few species collected in the French Congo. Dr. L. Pierre,
a set of plants collected by Klaine in Gaboon.

V. South Central. — Dr. Em. de Wildeman, plants from various
collections made in the Congo Free State.

VI. Mozambique. — R. N. Lyne, plants from Zanzibar and
Pemba Island. J. M. Purves, plants from Nyasaland. Sir Alfred
Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B., plants from Nyasaland.

I must again record my acknowledgments of the assistance given
me by Mr. C. H. Wright in preparing the manuscript for the press and
in checking the proofs, and to Mr. N. E. Brown for working out the
geographical distribution.

For the detailed topography the third edition of the "Spezial-
karte von Afrika," Gotha : Justus Perthes, 1898, has been chiefly
used.

W. T. T.-D.

Kew, October 1904.

CONTENTS

Pagre

Conspectus of the Orders ....

ix

Order LXXXII. Oleacese

1

LXXXIII. Salvadoracea

. 21

LXXXIV. Apocynacea

. 24

LXXXV. Asclepiadeje . . .

. 231

LXXXVI. Loganiaceee

. 503.

LXXXVII. Gentianea ....

. 544

Addenda ....

. .588

CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS CONTAINED IN
THE FOURTH VOLUME.— SECTION ].

Class L DICOTYLEDONES.
Sub-Class II. GAMOPETALA.

Cohort VIZ. — Gentlanales. Corolla regular. Stamens as many as the
corolla-lobes and alternate with them, or if fewer alternate with the carpels. Leaves
opposite, rarely alternate.

LXXXII. OleacEvE. Stamens 2, alternate with the carpels, rarely 4. Corolla
4_5_x -merous. Style simple; stigma terminal. Ovary 2-celled; ovules usually
2 in each cell, fixed to the septum. Stipules 0.

LXXXIII. Salvadorace^. Stamens and corolla-lobes 4. Rudimentary
stipules present. Otherwise as in Oleacece.

LXXXIV. Apocynace^. Stamens and corolla-lobes usually 5. Polleu loose,
rarely cohering. Carpels free or united ; style simple, at least above, with a
stigmatic ring below or around the smooth apex. Fruit baccate, drupaceous, or of
2 distinct follicles.

LXXXV. Asclepiade^. Corolla-lobes usually 5. Stamens 5; anthers free
or united to the dilated part of the style ; pollen granular or in waxy masses.
Carpels separating; style simple, at least above, expanded at the apex into a flat or
beaked disk with 5 stigmatic cavities. Follicles 2 or 1.

LXXXVI. L^^aANiACE^. Stamens and corolla-lobes 4-5, rarely many. Ovary
2-celled ; style simp. ^. Leaves connected by a transverse line or by stipules.

LXXXVII. Gent, vne^e. Stamens and corolla-lobes 4-5, rarely many. Ovary
usually I- celled ; placentas parietal (except in Exacum). Leaves without a con-
necting line or stipules.

FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA.

Order LXXXII. OLEACE^. (By J. G. Baker.)

Flowers usually hermaphrodite, regular. Calyx inferior, small, cam-
panulate, usually 4-toothed. Corolla, gamopetalous, hypocrateriform,
funnel-shaped or campnnulate; lobes usually 4. Stamens usually 2,
epipetalous; filaments short ; anthers ovate-oblong, rarely linear, dorsi-
fixed, dehiscing longitudinally. Disk 0. Ovary superior, 2-celled ;
style usually short ; stigma usually capitate, often finally shortly
2-lobed ; ovules usually 2 in a cell, attached by the base to the side or
apex of the dissepiment, anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit capsular
or indehiscent. Seeds 2-4, or by abortion solitary, erect or pendulous,
albuminous or exalbuminous ; testa usually thin; embryo straight,
fleshy when the albumen is absent. — Erect or scandent unarmed shrubs
or trees. Leaves usually opposite, simple or imparipinnate, entire or
dentate, exstipulate. Inflorescence simple or compound, centripetal or
centrifugal.

Species about 300, widely spread in the tropical and subtemperate regions of
both hemispheres.

Corolla-tube cylindrical ; lobes imbricate.

Fruit baccate 1. Jasmintm.

Fruit hard, 2-valved 2. Scheebera.

Corolla-tube short ; lobes induplicate-valvate . . 3. Olea.

Petals nearly or quite f);ee, very narrow . . .4. Linociera.

1. JASMINUM, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 074.

Calyx-tube campanulate ; lobes 4, long or short. Corolla hypocrateri
form ; tube cylindrical ; limb with 4-10 imbricate lobes. Stamens 2,
inserted just below the throat of the corolla-tube; filaments short.
Ovary 2-celled ; style variable in length in the same species ; stigma
capitate or 2-lobed ; ovules usually 2 in each cell, attached near
the base of the dissepiment. Berry didymous or by abortion «imple.
Seeds solitary, erect; testa double; albumen 0; cotyledons piano-

2

LXXXII. OLEACE^ (bAKEIi).

[Jasminum.

convex ; radicle inferior. — Shrubs, often more or less scandent. Leaves
usually opposite, simple or compound. Flowei-s usually white or yellow,
fragrant, arranged in simple or compound cymes.

Species about 100, spread through the tropical and teraper.ite regions of tlie Old
World.

Leaves simple, opposite.

Lobes of the corolla about half as long as the tube
Calyx-teeth longer than the tube.
Calyx J ui. long

Leaves glabrous beneath
Leaves pubescent beneath
Cnlyx ^-^ in. long.
Calyx-teeth 6
Calyx-teeth about 10 .
Crtlyx-teeth as long ns ilu; Lube
Leaves acute .
Leaves obtuse
Calyx-tee h shorter than the tube
Petiole very short, hairy .
Petiole longer, glabrous ,
Lobes of the corolla more th^n half as long as the
Calyx-teeth twice as long as the tube.
Hraiiches glabrons.
Leaves acute
Leavj s obtuse
Hranchlets pubescent
Calyx-teeth as loig as the tube.
Pedicels short.

Cymes 1-2-ttoweied
Cymi 8 f e\v-Ho A ered
Cymes 5-8-flowereil

Leaves ovate, glabrous
Leaves oblong, pubei^cent
Leives obovate, pubescent .
Calyx-teeth shorter ttian the tube.
Calyx-tube campanulate .
Calyx-tube ovoid
Calyx-tube cylindrical
Lobes of the corolla as long as the tube.
Leavt s obtuse ....
Leaves acute.
Leaves glabrous.
Calyx ^ in. long .
Calyx I in. long .
Leaves pubesctnt
Leaves ^-1 in. long
Leaves |-1^ in. long

1. J. JUngleri.

2. J. Schweinfnrfhii.

. 3. J. Smithii.
4. J. stenolobum.

.5. J. niicropht/llum.

6. J. obtusifoHum .

7. J. Schimperi.
J. hrei'ipes.

tube.

Leaves 1-3 in. long
Leave* with long hairs .
Leaves simple, ternately whorled

9. J. hrachyscyphum.

10. J. Meyeri-Johannis.

11. J, tomentosnm.

\2. J. KirkiL

13. J. JEminii.

14. J. niloticum.

15. J. stenodoin.

16. J. paucijlorum.

17. J. ohovaium.

18. J. Wei witschii.

19. J. Afu.

20. J. iongipes.

21. J. angolense.

22. J. ole^carpum.

23. J. gardeniodorum.

24. J. parvifolium.

25. J. dicranolepi-

diforme.

26. J. WalUri.

27. J. Prevssii.

Jasniinum.

LXXXII. OLEACE^ (bAKER).

Cymes lax, few-flowei*ed
Cymes dense, many -flowered.
Calyx-teeth oblanceolate .
Calyx -teeth ovate .
Leaves trifoliolate.

Side leaflets distinctly stalked.
Corolla-tube about an inch long.
Coiolla-lobes more than half as

tube ....

Corolla-lobes less than
tube ....

Corolla-tube | in. long.
Leaves hairy
Leaves glabrous .
Corolla-tube 4-| in. long,
liranchlets suliglabious
Branchhts pubescent.
Leaflets \-h in. long
Leaflets 1-2 in. long.
Leaflets acute
Leaflets obtuse or subacute
Corolla-tube \ in. long
Side leaflets subsessile .
Leaves imparipinnate.

Leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate
Leaflets ovate or ovate-oblong.
End leaflet ^-1 in. long .
End leaflet 1-1^ in. long .

. 28. J. dichotomum.

, 29. J. hukobense.
. 30. J. ternifolium.

long as the
half as long as the

31. J. megalosiphon.

. 32. J. Pospischilii.

. 33. J. mauritianum.
. 34. J. somuliense.

. 35. J. ahyssinicum.

. 36. J. Hildehrandtii.

. 37. J. Holstii.

. 38. J . schrotei'ianum.

39. J. Bakeri,

. 40. J. Steudneri.

. 41. J. goetzeanum.

. 42. tT. mossamedense.
. 43. J.Jiorihundum,

1. J. Engleri, Gilg in Engl. Jah-b. xix. Beihl. 46. A shrub, with
slightly pubescent branchlets. Leaves simple, opposite, very shortly
petioled, ovate-oblong, 1-2 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, glabrous,
shining on the upper surface. C3^mes many-flowered, terminal ; bracts
setaceous. Calyx-tube campanulate, jV-xV ^^- ^^^^ 5 teeth 5-6,
setaceous, twice as long as the tube. Corolla white; tube cylindrical,
1 in. long; lobes broadly ovate, acute, half as long as the tube.

Mozamb. 3>ist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; thick woods near
Moschi (Moshi), 3500 ft., Volkens, 1589.

2. J. Schweinfurthiiy Gilg in Notizhl. K'&nigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin,
i. 72. Branchlets slender, densely pubescent. Leaves opposite, oblong,
acute, 1-2J in. long, pubescent beneath ; petiole very short. Flowers
1-3-nate, terminal and axillary; pedicels long. Calyx \ in. long;
teeth subulate, longer than the tube. Corolla white ; tube 1 in. long ;
lobes 6-7, lanceolate, half as long as the tube. — J. dschuricum, Gilg,
I.e. 73.

wile Xtand. British East Africa : Jur ; Wau, Schweinfurth, 1668 !

South Central. Congo Free State : Monbuttu ; Mnnza, Schweinfui-th, 9419 !

3. J. Smithii, Baket- in Keic Bulletin, 1895, 93. Branchlets
slender, glabrous. Leaves simple, opposite, ovate or oblong, obtuse,

4 Lxxxii. OLExi-'KH (bakkr). [Jasiitiinnn .

subcoriaceous, glabrous, shortly petioled, 1-1 1 in. long. Flowers 1--)
at the end of the branchlets, on short pedicels. Calyx-tube campanu-
late, glabrous, 1 in. long ; teeth 6, subulate, rather longer than the
tube. Corolla-tube 1-1 j in. long; lobes 10, lanceolate, J-| in. long.

XVXozaxub. Sist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, Smith !

4. J. stenolobum, Rolfe in Gates, Matabeleland, ed. 2, 408.
An erect shrub with slender pubescent branchlets. Leaves simple,
ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute, shortly petioled, pubescent, J-li
in. long. Flowers solitary at the end of the branchlets, on very
short peduncles. Calyx pubescent, J-J in. long; teeth about 10,
sebaceous, much longer than the campanulate tube. Corolla white ;
tube cylindrical, |-1 in. long; lobes 10-12, lanceolate, about J in.
long.

mXozaxnl). Blst. Britisli Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shire Highlands,
Buchanan, 225 ! Mantlala, Scott-Elliot, 8447 ! near Magomero, 3feller ! between
Lake Siiirwa and Lake Chiuta, Cunningham, 21 ! and witliout precise locality,
Buchanan, 429 ! Rhodesia : Batoka Highlands, Kirk ! Matabeleland ; Matoppo
Mountains, Hon. Mrs. JEvelyn Cecil, 113 ! near Guelo, Hon. Mrs. Evelt/n Cecil,
132! and without precise locality, Mliott ! Oates ! Lake Ngami, McCahc, 33!
South African Gold Fields, Baines !

Also in South Africa.

T). J. microphyllum, Baker in Keiv Bulletin, 1895, 93. A slender
erect or climbing shrub. Branchlets densely pubescent Leaves
opposite, ovate, moderately firm, |-1 in. long, pubescent beneath, all
but the lowest acute. Flowers l-8-nate, terminal ; pedicels short.
Calyx \ in. long ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla-tube
white, I in. lonir ; lobes 8-10, lanceolate, half as long as the tube. —
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. G54.

ImOVTBT Cvuluea. Angola : Huilla ; by the River Lopollo, rather rare, Wel-
witsch, 932 !

6. J. obtusifolium, Baker in Kew Bidletin, 1895, 03. Branchlets
pubescent. Leaves opposite, oblong, obtuse, 1-1 J in. long, finely
pubescent beneath ; petiole very short. Cymes terminal, few-flowered ;
pedicels short. Calyx \ in. long ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla-tube 1-1 J in. long; lobes about 8, lanceolate, half as long as
the tube.

Upper Guinea. Niger Territory : common at Kawgan, near the Niger,
Barter, 3435 !

7. J. Schimperi, Vatke in Linmea, xl. 210. Branchlets slender,
angled, pubescent. Leaves suborbicular or broad oblong, cuspidate,
1|~2 in. long, moderately firm, pubescent beneath; petiole very short,
very hairy. Flowers few, terminal ; pedicels very short. Calyx ^ in.
long; teeth ovate, shoiier than the tube. Corolla-tube |-1 in. long;

Jasminiun.'] lxxxii. oleace^ (baker). 5

lobes 6-8, lanceolate, half as long as the tube. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl.
Trop. Afr. 334.

Nile Iband. Abyssinia: Begeuieder ; by the River B.eh, &dOO it., Schimper,
1112!

8. J. brevipes. Baker in Kew Bulletin^ 1895, 93. A robust climber.
Branchlets slender, glabrous. Leaves opposite, oblong, 2-3 in. long,
acute or obtuse, subcoriaceous, glabrous ; petiole ^ in. long. Cymes
few-flowered, terminal ; pedicels very short. Calyx \ in. long ; teeth
linear, rather shorter than the tube. Corolla white ; tube 1 in long ;
lobes 6, lanceolate, half as long as the tube. Berry small, oblong. —
./. ternum, Knobl. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 535 partly ; Hiern in Cat. Afr.
PI. Welw. i. 054.

Xiower Cruinea. Angola: Goluugo Alto; Mangue Forests among the moun-
tains of Alto Queta, and between Ponte de Lu'Z Simoes and Civmilungo, Wehvitsch,
926 ! Anibaca ; in thickets between Izanga and Ngombe, Welwitsch, 929.

The tyoical J. ternum of Knoblauch has ternate leaves and is J. dichotomum,
Vahl.

9. J. brachyscyphtim. Baker in Keiv Balletiri, 1895, 93.
Branchlets glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate, acute or acuminate,
glabrous, 1-2 in. long; petiole ^-^ in. long. Cymes few-flowered,
terminal ; pedicels short, glabrous. Calyx J in. long ; teeth subulate,
twice as long as the tube. Corolla-tube | in. long ; lobes 5-G, oblong-
lanceolate, J in. long.

XMCozamb. Dist. Hrltisli Central Africa : N"yas;dand ; Sliire Highlands, Bucha-
na.i, 224! Mount .Malosa, 4000-6000 ft., WJiyte ! iMount Mlanji, plains and up to
4000 ft., McClounie, 4b ! 17 !

10. J. Meyeri-Johannis, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 334. A
climbing shrub, with slender glabrous branchlets. Leaves simple,
ovate, obtuse, Ij in. long, shining above, glabrous on both surfaces,
ciliate on the margin; petiole very short. Cymes many-flowered;
bracts linear, \ in. long, shorter than the pedicels. Calyx-tube ovoid,
I in. long ; teeth linear, twice as long as the tube. Corolla-tube
J in. long ; lobes lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Berry black, \ in.
in diam.

ASozaml). Bist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro; Marangu, 4000-5000 ft.,
Meyer, 371.

11. J. tomentosum, Knohl. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 536. A shrub
5-6 ft. high, with flexuose branches ; branchlets slender, densely pubes-
cent. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, ovate, obtuse, 1-1 J in. long,
pubescent, especially beneath. Flowers 1-2-nate ; peduncle and pedi-
cels pubescent. Calyx-tube campanulate, densely pubescent, J in. long;
teeth setaceous, twice as long as the tube. Corolla white ; tube cylin-
drical, I in. long ; lobes lanceolate, J in. long.

M-lle Ziaiid. British East Africa: coast land near Mombasa, Hildebrundi,
1941.

G Lxxxii. oleacea: (baker). [Jasminum.

12. J. Kirkti, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1805, 94. Branchlets
slender, densely pubescent. Leaves opposite, oblong, thin, 1-1 J in.
long, finely pubescent beneath ; petiole very short, very hairy. Cymes
1-2-flowered, terminal ; pedicels very short. Calyx J in. long ; teeth
lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla-tube J in. long; lobes 6-7,
lanceolate, h in. long.

Mozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; between Lupata
and Tete, Kirk! Slrramba, Kirk I British CentiMl Africa: Nyasabrnd ; Mount
Mlanji, Scott- Elliot, 8659 !

lo. J. Eminii, Gilg in Engl Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 309. A compact
shrub. Leaves simple, opposite, with a short petiole articulated near
the apex, ovate, 1-H in. long, acute, rounded at the base, chartaceous,
clothed thinly with brown hairs on the upper surface, densely beneath.
Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary ; peduncles and pedicels
densely clothed with brown hairs. Calyx-tube subcylindrical ; lobes
linear-deltoid, as long as the tube. Corolla glabrous ; tube terete, ^ in.
long ; lobes lanceolate, acute, more than half as long as the tube.

xrile Iiand. Uganda; Miuijonjo (Manyonyo), Stuhlmann, 1381.

1-1. J. niloticuxn, Gikj in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 309. A climbing
shrub, with pubescent glabrescent branchlets. Leaves simple, opposite,
with a slender pubescent petiole, ovate or ovate-oblong, 1-2 in. long,
acute or acuminate, rather rounded at the base, slightly pubescent on
the upper surface, densely hairy on the ribs beneath. Cymes usually
terminal, 5-8-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, -|-J in. long. Calyx-tube
urceolate, jV in. long ; lobes linear -triangular, equalling or rather
shorter than the tube. Corolla glabrous ; tube above i in. long ; lobes
6-7, lanceolate, more than half as long as the tube.

Wile Iiand. Madi, Baker, 222 (ex Gilg).

15. J. stenodon, Baker in Keio Bulletin, 1895, 94. Branchlets
slender, glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, lJ-2 in.
long, broadly rounded at the base; petiole \ in. long. Cymes terminal,
3-4-flowered ; outside pedicels J in. long. Calyx \ in. long ; teeth
subulate, as long as the tube. Corolla pure white ; tube 1 in. long ;
lobes about 10, lanceolate, rather shorter than the tube.

Kower Guinea. Angola : Ambriz, Monteiro !

Very near to J. multipartitum, Hochst., from Xatal.

IC. J. •g^McifiorMm.y Benth.in Hook. Niger Fl. 443. Branchlets
very slender, densely pubescent. Leaves opposite, oblong, acute,
2-3 in. long, thin, pubescent beneath ; petiole very hairy, \-\ in. long.
Cymes few-flowered, very lax, axillary and terminal ; pedicels \-\ in.
long. Calyx \ in. long ; teeth linear, as long as the tube. Corolla-tube
I in. long ; lobes 6-10, \ in. long. Berry small, globose.

Jaaniinum.] lxxxii. oleace^ (paker). 7

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Bagru River, Mann, 849 ! near Bafodeya,
Scott-Elliot, 5556 ! 5639 ! and cultivated specimen, Whitfield ! Gold Coast : Cape
Coast Castle, Vogel, 10 ! Lagos, Rowland ! Niger Territory; Nupe, Barter !

Kower Guinea. Loango : near Cbinchoclfo, Soi/aux, 50 !

17. J. obovatum. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 94. A wide-
climbing shrub. Branchlets very hairy. Leaves opposite, thin, very
pubescent, the upper obovate, cuspidate, 2-3 in/ long, the lower ovate ;
petiole very short, very hairy. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and
axillary ; pedicels hairy, J in. long. Calyx densely pubescent, \ in.
long ; teeth as long as the tube. Corolla-tube very slender, above 1 in.
long ; lobes 6-7, linear, f in. long. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i.
654.

Ibower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; moist rocky thickets ot' Bar-
rancos de Catete, near the Praesidi.um, Wehvitsch, 928 !

18. J. "Welwitschii, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 94. A wide-
climbing shrub. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves opposite, ovate or
oblong, 1-2 in. long, pubescent beneath, the upper acute and rounded
at the base, the lower obtuse and slightly cordate ; petiole very short.
Cymes few-flowered, simple, terminal ; pedicels ^-J in. long. Calyx
^ in. long ; teeth lanceolate, much shorter than the tube. Corolla
white; tube |-f in. long; lobes 5-6, more than half as long as the
tube. — J. obovatum, var. Welivitschii, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i.
654.

Ito-vrer Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo j in thickets on the outskirts of
forests near the Prsesidium, Welwitsch, 927 ! near Catete, Welwitsch, 5934 !
Golungo Alto ; Queta Mountains, Welwitsch, 5933a, b and c !

10. J. Afu, Gilg in Engl. Ffl, Ost-Afr. C. 308. A shrub with
long slender branches. Leaves simple, opposite, with a petiole jointed
at the middle, ovate or ovate-oblong, 1 J-3 in. long, acute, rounded at
the base, subcoriaceous, smooth, glabrous. Cymes terminal, many-
flowered ; bracts linear-subulate. Calyx-tube ovoid ; lobes setaceous,
ciliate, much shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube subcylindrical ; lobes
linear-lanceolate, acute, rather shorter than the tube.

Mozamb. I>l8t. German East Africa : Usambara ; Tanga, Moist, 2162b,
Volkens, 152 ! Pangani, Bagamoyo and Usaramo, Stuhlmann (ex GHlg).

20. J. longipes, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 94. A wide
climbing shrub. Branchlets very slender, pubescent. Leaves opposite
or lower alternate, oblong, very acute, moderately firm, 1 J-3 in. long,
slightly pubescent beneath ; petiole very hairy, J^-J in. long. Cymes
few-flowered, terminal and axillary ; pedicels very slender, sometimes
1 in. long. Calyx J in. long ; teeth linear, shorter than the sub-
cylindrical tube. Corolla-tube J in. long; lobes 9-10, lanceolate, J in.
long.— Hiern Iq Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 655.

]bower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; in bushy places on the outskirts of
the forests of Alto Queta, about Sange, and at the River Cate in Sobato de Bumba,
Welwitsch, 925 !

8 Lxxxii. oLEACEJi (baker). [Jasminum.

21. J. angolense, Weho. ex Bake?' in Kew Bulletin^ 1895, 95. A
much-branched erect shrub, 2-3 ft. high. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves
small, opposite, firm, glabrous, orbicular or ovate, obtuse ; petiole very
short. Cymes terminal on axillary branches, 4-8-flowered ; pedicels
short. Calyx \-\ in. long; teeth subulate, much longer than the cam-
panulate tube. Corolla purplish outside, milk-white inside ; tube 1 in.
long; lobes 9-10, lanceolate, as long as the tube. — Hiern in Cat. Afr.
PI. Welw. i. 055.

Iioixrer Guinea. Angola : Loanda ; sandy places near Loanda, Wehvitsch,
924! 924b!

22. J. oleaecarpum, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 95. Branchlets
glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate, acute, thin, glabrous, 1-1 J in. long ;
petiole \ in. long. Cymes few-flowered, terminal on axillary branches;
pedicels short. Calyx \ in. long ; teeth subulate, much longer than the
campanulate tube. Corolla-tube | in. long; lobes 8-9, lanceolate, as
long as the tube. Berry large, oblong.

Mozamb. Blst. German E«st Africa : Kilwa, Kirk ! Rovutna River, Kirk !
Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Tete, Kirk I opposite Sena, Kirk I

2o. J. gardeniodorum, Gilg MSS. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves
simple, opposite, ovate, 2-3J in. long, subacute, rounded at the
base, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers in dense terminal cymes ;
pedicels short; bracts large, linear-subulate. Calyx glabrous, ^ in.
long: teeth lanceolate-deltoid, shorter than the campanulate tube.
Corolla-tube i-| in. long ; lobes 9, oblanceolate, obtuse, as long as the
tube.

Upper Guinea. Togo, Warnecke, 15 !

24. J. parvifolium, Knobl. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 5o7. Branchlets
pubescent when young, glabrous when mature. Leaves opposite, ovate
or oblong, usually acute, very shortly petioled, pubescent on both sides,
1-1 in. long. Flowers usually solitary, rarely 2-4-nate ; pedicels sub-
glabrous. Calyx-tube campanulate ; lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
about as long as the tube. Corolla- tube above | in. long ; lobes 8- in,
linear-lanceolate, acute, nearly as long as the tube.

Wile Xiand. British East Africa : Ukamba ; Kitui, Hildebrandf, 2733.

25. J. dicranolepidiforme, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 450. A
climbing shrub. Leaves opposite, simple, shortly petioled, obovate-
oblong, §-lJ in. long, acuminate, rounded at the base, slightly hairy
above, densely hairy beneath. Flowers solitary, usually terminal ;
peduncle long, slightly hairy. Calyx ^ in. long; sepals G, glabrous,
united into a short cup at the base. Corolla white ; tube J in. long;
lobes 8, linear-lanceolate, very acute, ^ ^ in. broad.

XIKozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Uhehe ; Muliinde Steppe, Ooetze,
518.

Jasminum.^ lxxxii. oleacea: (baker). 9

'2{j. J. Walleri, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 181)5, 95. Branchlets
very slender, finely pubescent. Leaves opposite, oblong, acute, thin,
1-0 in. long, pubescent beneath ; petiole very short. Cymes terminal
and axillary, few-flowered ; pedicels J in. long. Calyx l in. long ;
teeth subulate, twice as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla-tube
slender, ^ in. long ; lobes 7-8, linear, as long as the tube.

Mozaxnb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; near Sena, Kirk ■'
Britisli Central Africa : Xyasaland ; Manganja Hills, Waller ! Magonicro, Waller !

27. J. Preussii, Engl, d- Knohl. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 58C. A
climbing shrub with branchlets and leaves clothed with long brown
hairs. Leaves opposite, obovate-oblong, rarely ovate, rounded or sub-
cordate at the base, 2^-4 in. long. Cymes ;>-G-flowered. Calyx-tube
campanulate ; teeth Q-'6, subulate, 3-5 times the length of the tube.
Corolla-tube f-1 in. long ; lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, as long as the
tube.

Upper Guinea. Canu'roons : iiorlhern slopes of Barombi Ravine, Preuss,
122 ! Bipinde, Zenker, 963 ! 1213 !

28. J. dichotomum, Vahl ; DC. Prod. viii. 307. Branchlets
glabrous. Leaves mostly in whorls of three, oblong or ovate-oblong,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, 2-3 in. long ; petiole ^ in. long. Cymes com-
pound, terminal and axillary ; pedicels short. Calyx ^ in. long; teeth
ovate, shorter than the tube. Corolla white ; tube |-1 in. long ; lobes
6-8, oblong, \ in. long. Berry oblong, J in. long.— Benth. in Hook.
Niger Fl. 443. J. guinee7ise, G. Don ; DC. Prod. I.e. J. noctiflorum^
Afzel. ; DC. Prod. I.e. 309. J. ternum, Knobl. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
535 partly.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Ferottet, Heudelot, 578 ! Sierra Lione, Afzeliiis,
Smeathman ! Morson ! Hart ! I'ogel, 182 ! Scott-Elliot, 3949 ! -1032 1 4421 !
5377 ! 5485 ! 5689 ! Gold Coast : Shai Plains, Johnson, 528 ! Ca^ic Coast Castle,
Bon ! Lagos, Millen, 160 !

l*o-weT Guinea. Loango : near Cliineliocho, Soyaux, 62! Lower Cfugo,
Smith !

29. J. bukobense, Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 308. A shrub,
with long slender branchlets. Leaves simple, ternate, ovate-oblong,
1J-2J in. long, very acuminate at the apex, rounded to a cuneate ba.se,
chartaceous, glabrous, opaque ; petiole articulated near the base.
Cymes many-flowered, dense. Calyx-tube obovoid ; lobes deltoid,
acute. Corolla-tube terete, above h in. long ; lobes oblanceolate, acute,
shorter than the tube.

»f ozamb. I>ist. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Bnkoba, 3700 ft., StnhJ-
mann, 3275.

30. J. temifolium, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 95. Branch-
lets slightly pubescent. Leaves in whorls of three, oblong or ovate, all
but the lowest acute, glabrous, subcoriaceous, 1^-2 in. long; petiole

10 Lxxxii. OLEACE^ (baker). [Jasminum.

i^-J in. long. Cymes forming a very dense, very compound flat-topped
terminal panicle ; pedicels very short, pubescent. Calyx ^ in. long ;
teeth ovate, shorter than the tube. Corolla not seen.

Iflle Land. British East Afiica: Bongo ; near Sabbi, Schiveinfurth, 2665!

31. J. megalosiphon, Gilg in Engl. Pft, OstAfr. C. 309. A
climbing shrub ; branchlets, peduncles and calyx densely clothed with
brown hairs. Leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, shortly stalked,
acuminate, rounded at or narrowed to the base, the end one lJ-3 in.
long, the side ones rather smaller. Inflorescence thyrsoid ; flowers
crowded ; pedicels ^-\ in. long. Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth 5,
triangular, setaceous. Corolla-tube cylindrical, glabrous, and rather
more than 1 in. long; lobes 6-7, reflexed, ovate-oblong, acute, more
than half as long as the tube.

Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Kamgwe; Kafuro, on laterite,
4400 ft., Stuhhnann, 1756. Bukumbi, on Smyth Sound, Lake Victoria, Stuhlmann,
81S.

32. J. Pospischilii, Gily in Notizbl. Koniyl. Bot. Gart. Berl. i.
1H8. Branchlets terete, densely clothed with grey velvety pubescence.
Leaves trifoliolate ; petiole short, densely pubescent ; leaflets shortly
petioled, ovate, J-J in. long, acute, rounded at the base. Cymes
terminal, dense, many-flowered ; pedicels very short. ' Calyx yV in.
long ; teeth deltoid. Corolla- tube 1 in. long; lobes 5, oblong or ovate-
oblong, acute, less than half as long as the tube.

Mozamb. Dlst. British East Africa : Athi Plain, Fospiscldl.

33. J. mauritianuniy Bojer ; DC. Prod. viii. 310. Branchlets
densely pubescent. Leaves opposite, trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate, acute,
subcoriaceous, pubescent or subglabrous, the end one 2—3 in. long, the
side ones but little smaller, all three distinctly stalked ; petiole |-J in.
long. Cymes terminal and axillary, forming an ample panicle at the
end of the branchlets ; pedicels very short, pubescent. Calyx yL in.
long ; teeth minute. Corolla white ; tube |-1 in. long ; lobes G-8,
oblong or linear-oblong, half as long as the tube. Berry small, globose.
— Hiern in Cat, Afr. PI. Welw. i. G55. ,/. auriculatum, DC. I.e. 309
partly ; Baker, Fl. Maur. 220, not of Vahl. J. tettense, Klotzsch in
Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. i. 264:. J. zanzibariense, Bojer ex Klotzsch,
i.e. 283. J. gralissimurn, Deflers, Voy. Yemen Bot. 162.

Nile ILand. Eritrea: near Aeiur, 6200 ft., Schiveinfurth Sf Siva, 1064!
Keren, 4500 ft., Beccaii, 89! British Enst, Africa: Leikipia, 6000-8000 ft.,
Thomson ! Ukamba, Scott-Elliot, 2359 ! Ribe, near Mombasa, Wakefield !

Iio\(rer Guinea. Island of St. Tliomap, Rattray ! Angola : Ambriz, Mon-
teiro, 11 KuWla, Welwitsch,9Sl\ Loaudi\, Wehvitsch,i)'J,S I Mcssamedes, Weltvitsch,
930.

MCozamb* I>ist. Zanzibar, ^o;er / German East Africa : Karagwe; Weran-
yangc, Scott-Elliot, 8137 ! Lake Tanganyika, Cameron ! Lowtr plateau north
ot Lake Nyasa, Thomson! Usambara ; Ambcni, Hoist, 267 ^ I Zanguebar, ^iVA:,

i

Jasmimom.^ lxxxii. oleace^e (baker). 11

54! and without precise Jocality, JV*cAer, 421 ! Portuguese E-.ist Africa: Mozam-
bique, Forbes ! Luabo River, Kirk ! Tete, Kirk 1 Lower IShire Valley, Mefler !
British Central Africa: Nya?aland; Murchison Falls, Meller ! Monkey Bay, Lake
Nyasa. Whyte ! Masuku Plateau, Whyte ! Rhodesia; Leshumo Vnlley and
Shesheke, llolub I

Also in Mauritius and the Seychelles.

34. J. somaliense, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 218. A climbing
shrub, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves petioled, trifoliolate,
glabrous ; leaflets ovate, 1-1;| in. long, deltoid at the apex, broadly
rounded at the base. Flowers in dense compound terminal cymes ;
pedicels short, pubescent ; bracts minute, lanceolate. Calyx pubescent,
j^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth deltoid, shorter than the tube.
Corolla-tube cylindrical, J in. long ; lobes 5-0, oblanceolate-oblong,
\ in. long.

Wile Iiand. Somaliland; Golis Range at Dana-as, Mrs. Lort Phillips!
Aalayra, Miss Edith Cole I

'db. J. abyssinicum, R. Br.; DC. Prod. viii. 311. Branchlets
subglabrous. Leaves opposite, trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate, usually acute,
the end one long-stalked, l^-'2, in. long, the side ones smaller, short-
stalked ; petiole J in. long. Cymes many-flowered, terminal and axillary ;
pedicels very short. Calyx y\r in. long"; teeth shorter than the tube.
Corolla white, very fragrant ; tube J to | in. long ; lobes 5, oblong,
half as long as the tube. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 2\j ; Engl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 333.

irile Iiand. Abyssinia : near Abbena, Steudner, 1349 ! Adowa, Schimper,
169 ! Quart in -Dillon, Tacazze Valley, Quartin- Dillon, and in the provinces of
Wojerat and Shoa. Petit (ex Richard); Amba Sea, Schimper, 9] 5 ! Ankober, Roth,
404 ! British Eas: Africa : Man, Scott-Elliot, 6856 ! 6910 ! Leikipia, 600-8000 ft.
Thomson !

Mozamb. Slst. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Marangu, 5200 ft.,
Volkens, 770 ! Kinga Mountains, near Lake Nyassa, 7000 ft., Goetze, 934.

Nearly allied to J. mauritiamim, of which it may be not more than a variety.

36. J. Hildebrandtiiy Kn/)bl. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 538. Branch-
lets pubescent, at first tomentose. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets sub-
orbicular, \-^ in. long and broad, usually obtuse and shortly mucronate,
subcordate or truncate at the base ; side leaflets distinctly stalked.
Cymes 3— 6-flowered, sessile or subsessile. Calyx-tube campanulate;
teeth deltoid, J the length of the tube. Corolla-tube J in. long ; lobes
usually 6, oblong, obtuse, \-\ in. long.

JTlle Iiand. British East Africa : Taita ; Ndara Mountain, 2700 ft., Hilde-
brandt, 2500.

37. J. Holstiiy Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 309. A climbing
shrub, branchlets, leaves, peduncles and calyx densely clothed with
brownish-yellow hairs. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate-deltoid, acute,
rounded or subtruncate at the base, the side ones about 1 in., the end
one lJ-2 in. long. Cymes dense, many-flowered; pedicels very short.

12 Lxxxii. OLEACEiE (baker). [Jasminum.

Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth 5, deltoid, very short. Corolla-tube
almost funnel-shaped, J in. long; lobes usually 5, obovate-oblong, J iu.
long.

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa: Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, 4900 ft..
Hoist, 8966! 5200 It., Hoist, 9121a (e\ Gilg).

;38. J. schroteriauum, Schinz in Verhand. Bot. Ver. Brandenh. xxx.
256. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets suborbicular
or subovate, obtuse or subacute, truncate or slightly cordate at tlie
base, petioled, the end one 1-1 J in. long. Flowers white, corymbose;
peduncle hairy. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, Jin. long. Corolla-tube
h-% in. long ; lobes 5-9, oblong, half as long as the tube, obtuse or
cus'pidate.

Ziower Guinea. German South-wtst Africa: Amboland: at Ukuanibi,
Ombandja and Onkumbi, tichinz.

oO. J. Bakeri, Scott-Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 8G. A
climbing shrub, with slender stems, pubescent when young, glabrescent
when mature. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets broad-ovate, subcoriaceous,
glabrous, broadly cuneate at the base, the end one 'A -3 J in. long ;
petiolules 1-1 ^ i"- long. Cymes dense, many-flowered, axillary and
terminal ; peduncles and short pedicels densely pubescent. Calyx
pubescent, -^^ in. long ; teeth 5, ovate-lanceolate, as long as the cam-
panulate tube. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, ^ in. long; lobes 5,
orbicular, cuspidate, half as long as the tube. Berry broad oblong,
glabrous, under h in. long.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leune : near Berria (Beri.i), Scott-Elliot, 5409!

•40. J, Steudneri, AS'cAi^em/. J/^aS'. Branchlets densely pubescent.
Leaves opposite, the upper trifoliolate, the lower simple ; leaflets ovate,
acute, pubescent, the end one the largest (1-1 i in. long) and shortly
stalked, the side ones smaller, subsessile; petiole \ in. long, very
pubescent. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; pedicels i- J in.
long. Calyx \ in. long ; teeth linear, exceeeding the tube. CoroJla-
tube I in. long ; lobes 5, oblong, half as long as the tube. Berries
small, subglobo.^e.

Nile Xiand* Nubia : Erkowit Monutain, near Suakin, Schweinfvrtli, 282 !

41. Jo goetzeanum, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 451. An erect
shrub 2-8 yards high, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves alternate,
imparipinnate, distinctly petioled, lJ-8 in. long; leaflets usually 5, the
end one oblong or oblong-lanceolate, very acute, the lateral ones
obliquely ovate, shorter. Cymes terminal, 2-3 times forked ; pedicels
long. Corolla yellow ; tube above \ in. long ; lobes 5, round-obovate,
J in. long and broad.

Mozan&b. S>ist. German East Africa: Uhehe; north Uebungwe Mountains,
in the Higulu Plateau, 5900 ft., Qoetze, 562.

42. J. mossamedense, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 655. A
glabrous shrub, 8-12 ft. high, with long slender branchlets. Leaves

Jasmijiuni.] Lxxxii. OLE ace.*: (baker). li»

opposite, imparipinnate, lJ-2 in. long; leaflets 1-3-jugate, ovate-
oblong, rounded or emarginate at the apex, cuneate at the base, sub-
glaucescent on both surfaces, very narrowly revolute on the margin,
the end one h-'^ in. long, the side ones smaller, very shortly stalked.
Inflorescence axillary.

iMO'wer Guinea. Angola : Mossamedes ; in hushy, sandy pbices on the banks
of the River Maiombo near Fomanorala, Welwitsch, 3022.

43. J. floribundum, K. Br.] DC. Prod. viii. 313. Bianchlets
glabrous. Leaves opposite, imparipinnate ; leaflets 5, ovate, glabrous,
the end one the largest, stalked, 1-1 ^ in. long, the side ones smaller,
opposite, nearly sessile. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary;
pedicels long. Calyx \ in. long ; teeth subulate, longer than the cam-
panulate tube. Corolla white, fragrant ; tube f-f in. long ; segments
5, oblong, h in. long. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 27 ; Schweinf. Beitr.
Fl. Aethiop. 134, 281 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 334.

irile ]Land. Eritrea: Keren, Steudner, 1352, and between Keren and Adowa,
Sieudner, 13b3 (ex En^ler). Upper Sennar : Fazo\i\, ex Schiveinfurth. Abyssinia:
Mountaitis of Sanien province, Schimper^ 924 ! near Adowa, DiUoyi <^ Petit (ex
Richard), neir Axum, Schimjjer, J.51o, near Addi Geffa, Schimper, 675, and
Gondar, Steudner, 1351 (ex Engler). Sboa ; Aliu Amba, Roth, 403! and witliout
precise locality, Parkyns ! Somaliland : Dari-a-as, 5000 ft., Mrs. Lort Phillips !

Nearly allied to the commonly-cultivated J. officinale, Linn.

A plant collected by Schweinfurth & Riva (997) in Eritrei, betvveen
Saganeiti and Acrour, 6000-7000 ft., resembles J", o^ci«a/e, Linn.; but has only
3 leaflets.

2. SCHREBERA, Iloxb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 075.

Calyx campanulate, truncate or shortly toothed. Coi-olla hypo-
crateriform ; tube cylindrical ; lobes 4-7, spreading, imbricate. Stamens
2, inserted just below the throat of the corolla-tube ; filaments very
short. Ovary 2 -celled ; style long, filiform; stigma faintly 2-lobed ;
ovules 3-4 in a cell, pendulous from the top of the dissepiments. Cap-
sule pyriform or oblong, loculicidally 2-valved down to the base. Seeds
pendulous, expanded into a large wing above the nucleus, exalbu-
minous ; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle inferior. — Trees or erect
shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire or imparipinnate. Inflorescence a
flat-topped panicle with cymose branches ; bracts minute. Flowers
smaller than in Jasminum, white or pink.

Species 16 ; also in South Africa, with 1 in India, and 1 in Peru.
Leaves simple.

Branchlets glabrous.

Corolla-tube -h in. long 1. ^S". oligantha.

Corolla- tube |-1 in. long 2. ^, golungensis.

Branchlets pubescent.

Leaves shortly petioled.

Le»ves obtuse, 1-2 in, long . . ,3. S. Buchanani.

Leaves acute, li-4 in. long . . . 4. 5. platyphylla.

Leaves with a longer petiole . . . . b. S. trichoclada.

14 Lxxxii. oLEACEiE (baker). {Schreh&ra.

Leaves imparipimiate.
Leaves glabrous.

Petiole and rliacliis broadly winged . . .6. S. VelicHschii.

Petiole and rbachis narrowly winged".

Corolla-lobes \ as long as the tube, . . 7. S. alata.

Corolla-lobes ^ as long ss the tube . . 8. -S". ohliqiiifoliolata.

Petiole nnd rhacliis not winged . . . . 9. /S. goetzeana.

Leaves pubescent.

Lateral leaflets sessile ..... 10. /S. tomenteilu.
Lateral leaflets shortly stalked . . .11. S. Holstii.

1. S. oligantha, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxx. 71. A tall shrub,
glabrous in all its parts. Leaves simple, oblong or ovate-oblong, 2-3 in.
long by half as broad, subcoriaceous, acute, rounded at the base,
opaque ; petiole short, stout : veins closely reticulated. Flowers 3
together in lax terminal cymes with long peduncle and pedicels. Calyx
campanulate, \ in. long, scarcely toothed. Corolla-tube cylindrical,
i in. long, scarcely dilated at the throat ; lobes obovate, half as long as
the tube. Fruit pyriform, woody, 1 J in. long.

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Pori Steppe, near the Ugalla River,
Bohm, 35a !

2. S. golungensiS) Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 40, t. 15.
A tree reaching a height of 20-30 ft., with glabrous branchlets.
Leaves simple, opposite, obovate or oblong, acute, cuneate at the base,
2-5 in. long, subcoriaceous, glabrous, bright green above, slightly
glaucous, with raised parallel main ribs beneath. Panicle terminal,
composed of a few lax cymes ; pedicels glabrous, erect, \-^ in. long.
Calyx campanulate, ^ in. long, entire or obscurely toothed. Corolla-
^ube |-1 in. long ; lobes obovate-oblong, \ in. long. Capsule pyri-
form, 2 in. long, narrowed to the base through the lower half ; valves
turgid, very thick and woody. — Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 72. Xathusia
yolungemis, 0 Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. 412; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI.
Welw. i. 657.

Ao'wer Guinea. Angoia: Golungo Alto ; in forests among the mountains of
Alto Queta, WehviUch, 933 !

Mozamb. X>ist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Shupanga,
Kirk ! Lower Shire ; at the base of Morambala Mountain, 300 ft., KirTc ! British
Central Africa : Boruma on the Zambesi, Menyharth, 1166 !

3. S. Buchanani, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 95. A tree about
20 ft. high, with slender pubescent branchlets. Leaves opposite, simple,
oblong, obtuse, 1-2 in. long, broadly rounded at the base, subcori-
aceous, glabrous above, strongly ribbed beneath, pubescent principally
on the midrib. Flowers not seen. Capsule pyriform, l:|-li in. long,
1 in. diam., narrowed to the base from the middle ; valves turgid, very
thick and woody. Seeds ovate, 1 in. long, the chartaceous wing occupy-
ing the upper two-thirds. — Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 72.

Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands,
Buchanan, 418 ! Zomba, 3500 ft., Mahon !

Schrehera.'] lxxxii. oleace^ (baker). 15

4. S. platyphylla, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 449. A shrub
6-10 ft. high. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate or obovate, 1 J-4 in. long,
acute, rounded at the base, entire, chartaceous, glabrous above, slightly
pubescent beneath. Cymes terminal, 2-3-flowered ; peduncles densely
hairy ; pedicels very short. Calyx campanulate, J in, long ; lobes
ovate-deltoid, \ the length of the tube. Corolla whitish ; tube narrow,
2-3 times the length of the orbicular lobes, which are \ in. long and
broad. Anthers reaching the throat of the corolla-tube. — Gilg in Engl.
Jahrb. xxx. 72.

Mozamb. Dlst.> German East Africa: Ulielie; Iringa, on an undvilating
plateau near Rugaro, 4900 ft., Qoelze, 549.

5. S. trichocladay Welw.in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 41. A shrub,
or low tree, reaching a height of 15 ft., with slender pubescent branchlets.
Leaves opposite, simple, oblong, acute, 2-3 in. long, moderately firm,
green on both sides, glabrous above when mature, pubescent beneath ;
petiole J in. long. Cymes few-flowered, terminal, slightly compound ;
pedicels erect, very pubescent, J in. long. Calyx campanulate, pubes-
cent, minutely and obtusely toothed, J in. long. Corolla-tube J-J in.
long ; lobes obovate, J in. long. Capsule oblong-pyriform, obtusely
4-angled, 2 in. long. — Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 72. Nathima tricho-
clada, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. 412 ; Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C.
308 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI Welw. i. 657.

licwer Guinea. Angola : Ambaca ; among bushes at the great cave of Puri
Cacarambola, rather rare, JFelwitsch, 9S4< ; Puiigo Andongo ; Panda forests, between
the River Lutete and the Praesidium, and between Cazella and tlie Prtesidium,
rather rare, Welwitsch, 935, 936 !

6. S. Welwitschii, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 73. A small or
middle-sized tree, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves 5-foliolate, with a
long broadly winged petiole and rhachis'; leaflets oblanceolate-oblong or
oblong, acute, thin, glabrous, the end one 3-4 in. long, narrowed very
gradually to the base, the side ones shorter, unequal towards the base.
Cymes very compound, terminal , pedicels very short. Calyx campanu-
late, pubescent, J in. long, distinctly toothed. Corolla-tube cylindrical,
J in. long ; lobes obovate-cuneate, half as long as the tube. Fruit
hard, pyriform, glabrous, 1 in. long. — S. alata, Welw. in Trans. Linn.
Soc xxvii. 41, partly. Nathusia alata, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i.
656, partly.

Ziower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in woods on th^ south, i^^est of
the Praesidium, Welwitsch, 937 ! Huilla ; in forests in Morro de Lopollo, Welwitsek,
938'!

7. S. alata, Welw. in Tran».Linn. Soc. xxvii. 41, partly. A moderate
sized tree with very hard wood and slender glabrous branchlets. Leaves
5-foliolate, with a long narrowly-winged petiole and rhachis ; leaflets
oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, acute, firm but thin, glabrous on both
surfaces, the end one 4-5 in. long, narrowed very gradually to the base,
the side ones much shorter, sessile, rather unequal at the base. Cymes

16 Lxxxii. OLEACE.E (baker). [Schvebei'a.

lax, terminal, very compound, peduncted ; pedicels short ; bracts lanceo-
late. Calyx campanulate, J in. long, glabrous or pubescent, minutely
toothed. Corolla white tinged with lilac ; tube more than twice as long
as the calyx; lobes obovate-cuneate, J in. long. Fruit glabrous, pyri-
form, 1 in. long. — Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 7?> ; Engl. Hochgebir^sfl.
Trop. Afr. 333, partly. N'athusia alata, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, ii. 672 ;
DC. Prod. viii. 282, 074 ; A. Rich Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 29 ; Gilg in
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 308, partly; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i.
656, partly.

irile liand. Abyssinia: in valleys near G^nnia. in Memsach district, Schimper,
245! uionntains of the district of Slioata, Schimper, 540! Adowa, Petit, 320 ! and
without precise locality, Schimper, 700 !

Ittozaml)' Sist, British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands,
JSuehanan, 91 !

8. S. obliquifoliolata, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 72. A small
shrub, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves 5-foliolate, with a long
narrowly winged petiole and rhachis ; leaflets oblong, subacute or obtuse,
glabrous on both surfaces, the end one 3-4 in. long by lJ-2 in. broad,
the side ones shorter, sessile, rather oblique at the base. Cymes lax,
terminal, very compound ; pedicels ^-^ in. long ; bracts small, lanceo-
late. Calyx campanulate, glabrous, J in. long, minutely toothed.
Corolla-tube cylindrical, J in. long ; lobes obovate-cuneate, J the length
of the tuhe.—I^athusia alata, Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 308,
partly.

xrile Xiand. Brit'sh East Africa : Taita ; Ndi Mountain, Hildehrandt,
2532!

Dou'itfnlly distinct from S. alata, Wehv.

9. S. gcetzeana, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 4.')0, t. 8. A shrub
9-13 ft. high. Leaves imparipinnate, IJ— 3 in. long: leaflets 2-jugate,
obovate-oblong, acute, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous ; rhachis
and petiole not winged, acutely angled. Cymes 3-5 times forked,
dense, terminal ; peduncle and pedicels short, subglabrous. Calyx
cam'panulate, \ in. long, irregularly 2-r)-lobed. Corolla white ; tube
cylindrical, 2|-3 times the length of the calyx ; lobes small, obovate.
Anthers at throat of corolla-lube. Ovary globose ; style long.
Capsule obovoid, woody, nearly 1 in. long, splitting down to the base.
— Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 72.

lWEozaxnl>. Blst. German East Africa : Ukami ; Ulnguni Mountains, 3200 ft,,
Ooetze, 210.

10. S. tomentella, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 74. A shrub or small
tree, with densely pubescent branchlets. Leaves 5-foliolate, with a short
densely pubescent petiole and narrowly winged rhachis ; leaflets oblong,
obtuse, thinly pubescent on the upper surface, densely pubescent
beneath, the end one 2-3 in. long, narrowed very gradually to the base,
the side ones shorter, sessile, slightly oblique at the base. Cymes
dense ; pedicels short, pubescent ; bracts obovate, obtuse, membranous.

>Schr€be7-a.] Lxxxii. oleace^ (baker). 17

Calyx campanulate, pubescent, J in. long, minutely toothed. Corolla-
tube twice as long as the calyx ; lobes obovate-cuneate, J in. long. — S,
(data, var. tomentella, Welw. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvii. 42. Xathusia
alata, var. tomentella, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 657.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; in the rocky l)ighcr parts of Morro de
Lopollo, 5200-5500 ft., WelioiUch, 939 ! Foot of the Keputu Mountains, 5800 ft..
Anilines ^ Dekindt, 198.

11. S. Holstii, Gilg hi }Jngl. Jahrb. xxx. 72. A shrub, with
lenticellate pubescent young branches. Leaves imparipinnate, 4-7 in.
long, distinctly petioled, rigidly membranous, pubescent on both
surfaces; leaflets 5, oblong, 2-3 in. long, narrowed to both ends, the
side ones very shortly stalked, the end one largest. Cymes dense,
terminal, many-flowered ; pedicels about as long as the calyx. Calyx
campanulate, densely tomentose, ^ in. long. Corolla glabrous ; tube J-
h in. long; lobes obovate- oblong, obtuse, nearly as long as the tube.
—Nathusia Bolstii, Engl. & Gilg in Engl. Pfl. O.st-Afr. C. 308.

XVEozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Mlalo, Moist, 361, and
\^anibugulatKl, 5500 fr., Buchuudd, 413 (ex Gilg).

3. OLEA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PJ. ii. 679.

Calyx small, campanulate, truncate or 4-lobed. Corolla-tube short,
campanulate ; segments 4, ovate, valvate. Stamens 2, inserted in the
tube of the coi-oUa ; filaments short. Ovary 2-celled ; style short ;
stigma capitate or emarginate. Fruit drupaceous ; endocarp thick
and bony, or thinner and crustaceous Seeds usually solitary, pendu-
lous, albuminous ; albumen fleshy, sometimes slightly ruminate ; coty-
ledons flat ; radicle superior. — Trees or erect shrubs. Leaves opposite,
simple, usually entire. Flowers small, panicled, hermaphrodite,
dioecious or polygamous.

Species about -40, spread throu^jjh the warmer regions of tlie Old Workl.

Leaves nearly naked beneath ; petiole long . . .1. O. Hochstetteri.

Leaves thinly coated beneath ; petiole short

Drupe very small, globose or turbinate . . . 2. O. somaliensis.

Drupe larger, ellip--;oid . . . . . . 3. O, europcea.

Leaves densely l^pidote beneath ; petiole short . . 4. O. chrt/sophi/lla.

1 . O. Hochstetteri, Baker. A tall tree with naked branchlets^
Leaves oblong, 8-4 in. long, 1-H in. broad at the middle, deltoid at
the apex and base, minutely cuspidate, subcoriaceous, bright green
above, paler green and nearly or quite naked beneath; petiole i-| in.
long. Panicles lateral and terminal, sparsely compound, 1^-2 in. long ;
flowers clustered at the tip of the branches ; bracts small, ovate.
Calyx campanulate, J lin. long, obscurely toothed. Corolla white, ^i in.
long ; lobes ovate, much longer than the tube. — 0. lauri/olia, Hochst.
ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 2S ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.
;333 ; Knobl. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 533 partly, not of Lam.

18 Lxxxii. OLEACE^ (baker). [Olea.

irile Z<and> Abyssinia : Sauien ; Mount Aber above Adesila, Schimper, 871 !
The South Arrican O. laurifoLia, Lam. (O. undulata, Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. t. 2)
has a much more compound inflorescence and a deeply-lobed calyx.

2. O. soxnaliensiSy Baker, A small tree with obscurely white-
lepidote branchlets. Leaves oblanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, 1-H
in. long, narrowed from the middle to the base, subcoriaceous, bright
green above, covered with a thin persistent whitish coat beneath ;
petiole very short. Panicles short, all axillary, not seen in the flower-
ing stage. Calyx deeply lobed. Drupe subglobose or turbinate, not
more than ^ in. long and broad when dry. — 0. chrysophylla, Engl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 833 partly.

irile Iiand. British Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, near Maid, 3200-5200 ft.,
lUldehrandf, 1524!

3. O. europsea, Linn.^ var. nubica, Schweinf. MSS. A stunted
bush with congested branchlets and oblong or orbicular leaves, J- J in.
long, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous on both surfaces, or taller with
thinly lepidote branchlets and short-petioled oblong obtuse minutely
cuspidate leaves, 1-2 in. long, green and glabrous above when mature,
covered with a thin persistent coat of brownish-white lepidote scales
beneath. Flowers and fruit not seen.

STile Xiand. Nubia : Erkowit Mountain, near Snakin, Schweinf urth, 249 I
Tlie typical O. europaa, Linn., is cultivated in the island of Cazanga, near
Loanda, in Angola, Welwitsch, 940 ! but is regarded by Hiern (Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i.
658) as var. sativa, DC. The Nubian plant is regarded by Schweinfurth as the
'inaltered primitive stock of the cultivated plant : see Heart of Africa, i. 26.

4. O. chrysophylla, Lam. ; DC. Prod. viii. 285. A tree, with
slender branchlets, densely lepidote upwards. Leaves lanceolate, 2-4
in. long, J-| in. broad at the middle, narrowed gradually to each end,
subcoriaceous, bright green and glabrous above when mature, con-
spicuously coated with drab or ferruginous lepidote scales beneath ;
petiole very short. Panicles copious, sparsely compound, all axillary,
1-1 J in. long ; rhachises lepidote ; bracts very minute. Calyx under
h lin. long, campanulate, obscurely toothed. Corolla ^ in. long; lobes
ovate-oblong. Drupe globose or turbinate, \ in. long when dried. —
A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 27; Schweinf. Beitr. El. Aethiop. 134;
Baker, Fl. Maurit. 219; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 333 partly;
Knobl. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 531 ; xxviii. 450.

irile Iiand. Eritrea: Marakhat Valley near Saganeiti, 7200-8800 ft.,
Schiveinfurth Sf Riva, 1676 ! Abyssinia : Agame district, Schimper, 918 ! 945 !
near Gondar, Steudner, 1316 ! near Fares Saber, Steudner, 1315! and without pre-
cise locality,' Schimper, 24 ! Quart in- Dillon Sf Petit, 290 ! Roth^ 402 ! Uganda
Protectorate: Butagn, Scott-Elliot, 8024! Mau, 7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6896 1
British East Africa : Machakos, 5000-6000 (t., Scott-Elliot, 6583 ! 6618 !

nKozamb. Sist. German East Africa: Usambara; Amboni, Hoist, 25801
Kwa Mshuza, Hoist, 9133! TJhehe; on a hilly plateau near Hweni, 5500 ft.,
Qoetze, 730 (ex Oilg).

Also in Arabia, Mauritius and Bourbon.

Linocie7'a.] lxxxii. oleace^ (bakee). 19

4. LINOCIERA, Sw. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 678.

Calyx small, campanulate, deeply 4-lobed. Petals 4, linear-oblong,
induplicate-valvate, nearly free. Stamens 2, insei-ted at the base of
the petals ; filaments very short. Ovary 2-celled ; style very short ;
stigma capitate, entire or emarginate ; ovules 2 in a cell, pendulous
from the apex of the dissepiment. Fruit drupaceous ; pericarp bony
or crustaceous. Seeds usually solitary, pendulous, albuminous or ex-
albuminous ; testa thin or moderately thick ; cotyledons flat or fleshy ;
radicle superior. — Trees or erect shrubs. Leaves simple, opposite, entire.
Flowers small, usually panicled. — Mayepea, Aubl. PI. Guin. i. 81.

Species 40, spread through the tropics of both hemispheres, 1 each in Nat il ami
Bourbon.

Corolla-tube very short.

Flowers in terminal panicles . . . . . 1. X. urophylla.

Flowers both in lateral and terminal panicles . . 2. i. Mannii.

Flowers all in later,tl f)anicles,

Khachis of panicle glabrous . . . . 3. Z. nilotica.

Khachis of panicle pubescent.

Leaves oblanceolate-oblong . . . . 4. X. angolensis.

Leaves oblouir . . . . . . 5. X. Johnsoni.

Flowers in axillary clustei"s . . . . . 6. X. congesta.

Corolla-tube haU" as long as the lobes . . . . 7. X. Welwitschii.

1. L. urophylla, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxx. 373. A tall tree,
glabrous in all its parts, with smooth grey bark. Leaves distinctly
petioled, lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, |-Jin. broad, conspicuously acuminate,
narrowed gradually to the base, entire, subcoriaceous, shining on the
upper surface, opaque beneath ; veins few, conspicuous on the under-
side of the leaf . Panicles lax, terminal. Calyx subcampanulate, nearly
entire, |^ lin. long. Petals ovate or oblong, twice as long as the calyx,
spreading. Anthers sessile.

Mozamb. Sist. German East Africa: Upper Kondeland ; Usenga Moun-
tains, at Unialila, 6500 ft., Goetze, 1364.

X. gilgiana, Volkens, from Mount Kilimanjaro, mentioned by Oilg in Engl.
Jahrb. xxx. 37-^, has also a terminal inflorescence, but has not further been
described.

2. L. yL^TTcAS.^ SoUreder in Bot. Gentralh. xlvi. (1891) 17. A small
tree, with glabrous branch lets. Leaves simple, opposite, oblong, sub-
acute, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 2-4 in. long, cuneate at the base ;
petiole very short. Panicles very abundant, lateral and terminal, 1-2
in. long ; rhachises pubescent ; bracts oblong-navicular, minute, persis-
tent ; pedicels very short. Calyx pubescent, J lin. long ; tube very
short ; segments ovate. Petals J in. long. Sty]« very shoit. —
Mayepea Mannii, Knobl. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 529.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near the Scarcies River, Scott-EUiot, 4717 !
IiO\irer Guinea. Gaboon : banks of the Gaboon River, Mann, 949 I

3. L. nilotica^ Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 106, ^.117. A
tall tree, with a trunk 0-8 ft. in girth ; branchlets glabrous, whitish.

20 Lxxxii. OLEACE^ (baker). [Linociei^a.

Leaves simple, opposite, oblong, obtuse or subacute, 2-5 in. long,
cuneate at the base ; petiole J-J in. long. Panicles lateral, erecto-
patent, 1-2 in. long, often produced from leafless nodes, sparsely com-
pound ; bracts ovate, minute, persistent ; pedicels very short. Calyx
J lin. long; lobes deep, ovate. Petals J in. long. Style very short. —
Mayepea nilotica, Knobl. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 528.

Upper Guinea. Togo: Jegge Wasser, Buettner, 4n,^Fiisugu, Suettner, 663-
IVlle Xiand. White Nile, Petherick ! J)ar Ferti-, Sehweinfurth, ser. iii. 231 !
Bongo : near Ngoli (Nyoli), Schtceinfurth, 2914 ! Macli, Speke Sf Grant, 701 !
IjoiRrer Crulnea. Congo Free State: Upolo, Laurent.

4. Li. angolensiSy Baker. A small tree ; branchlets whitish,
glabrous. Leaves simple, oblanceolate-oblong, shortly cuspidate, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous, 4-6 in. long; main veins raised on the lower
surface ; petiole J in. long. Panicles an inch long, all sessile in the
axils of the leaves ; rhachises very pubescent ; bracts ovate, minute.
Calyx pubescent, ^ lin. long ; tube very short ; segments suborbicular.
Petals linear-oblong, nearly \ in. long. Drupe oblong. — Mayepea
africana, Knobl. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 529 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI.
Welw. i. 658.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : base of Aburi Hills, Johnson, 234.
ZiO\irer Guinea. Angola : Puiigo Andongo; Mnta de Pungo and Cabonda,
WelrvUsch, 941 ! and without precise locality, Meehotv, 152.

5. L. Johnsoni, Baker. A tree, reaching 60 ft. in height;
branches grey, glabrous. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, the largest
6-8 in. long, 2h-oh in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, subcoria-
ceous, glabrous on both surfaces ; main veins rather ascending and
becoming nearly parallel to the margin. Flowers all in short axillary
panicles with pubescent branches, crowded at the tip of the branchlets.
Calyx very small, campanulate, pubescent. Petals \ in. long, free
nearly to the base, lanceolate from a broad base, yellow or creamy-white,
fragrant. Stamens -\ the length of the petals.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Aburi Hills, Johnson, 148 ! 453 !

6. L. congesta, Baker. A shrub or low tree, 12-15 ft. high;
branchlets glabrous. Leaves simple, opposite, oblong, acuminate,
glabrous, 4-6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, cuneate at the base; petiole J-J
in. long. Flowers few, in sessile or nearly sessile clusters in the axils
of the leaves; bracts minute. Calyx J lin. long; segments ovate ; tube
very short. Petals nearly | in. long, united at the base into a very
short tube. Drupe oblong, | in. long.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon R.ver, Mann, 2214 !

£o\trer Guinea. Spanish Gaboon : Muni (D mger) River, Mann, 1747 !

7. L. Welwitschii, Baker. A tree 50-80 ft. high ; branchlets
and leaves at first pubescent, soon glabrescent. Leaves oblong or
lanceolate, acuminate, subcoriaceous, above an inch long. Panicles

Linociera.] lxxxii. oleace^ (baker). 21

half as long as the leaves ; bracts oblong, deciduous. Calyx-tube cam-
panulate ; teeth 4, obtuse, ^ the length of the tube. Corolla-tube half
as long as the orbicular lobes. — Mayepea Welwitschii, Knobl. in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. 530; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. (558.

]Lower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto; in dense forests by the catar.icts of
the River Cuango, near Sange, Welwitsch, 945 ! 946.

Order LXXXIII. SALVADORACEiE. (By J. G. Baker.)

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious. Calyx cam-
panulate, :3-5-lobed. Corolla-segments 4-5, imbricate, free or united.
Stamens usually 4, hypogynous or inserted on the corolla-tube ; fila-
ments short, free or monadelphous, sometimes alternating with small
scales; anthers short, dorsitixed. Ovary 1-2-celled ; style very short;
stigma capitate or emarginate ; ovules 1-2 in a cell, basal, anatropous.
Berry fleshy or subdrupaceous ; endocarp thin. Seed usually solitary,
exalbuminous ; cotyledons thick ; radicle inferior. — Shrubs or trees,
sometimes spiny. Leaves opposite, entire, coriaceous ; rudimentary
stipules sometimes present. Flowers small, arranged in panicles or
axillary fascicles.

Species 7, confined to the Wiirnier regions of Afnca and Asia.

Petals free.

Branches unarnjed. Stamens monadelphous . . 1. Uobera.

Branchf's spinose. Stan)ens free . . . .2. Azima.

Petals uniteii into a short tube . . . . .3. Salyadora.

1. DOBERA, Juss.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. 6H0.

Calyx campanulate, irregularly f>-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, free, oblong,
spreading. Stamens 4-5, hypogynous ; filaments dilated and united at
the base, with small glands alternating with them ; anthers oblong.
Ovary 1-celled; style short; stigma capitate; ovules 1-2, basal, erect.
Drupe ellipsoid. Seed erect; testa cartilaginous. — Unarmed trees, with
broad coriaceous opposite leaves. Flowers small, polygamous, in axillary
panicles.

Species 2, 1 extending to India.

Ovule 1 1. D. Roxhurghii.

Ovules 2 . . 2. Z>. loranthifolia.

1. D. Roxburghii, Planch, in Ann. Sc. ^^at. ser. 3, x. 11)1. A
large tree, with branchlets finely pubescent upwards. Leaves cori-
aceous, very variable in shape, 2-o in. long, ovate or obovate, acute or
obtuse, deltoid at the base, glabrous above when mature, thinly clothed
with obscure whitish pubescence beneath; petiole very short. Panicles
all axillary, erecto-patent, shorter than the leaves; rhachis white-
tomentose ; pedicels 0. Calyx pale green, yV^i ^^- ^^^S- Petals twico
as long as the calyx, spreading. Filaments united more than halfway
up. Drupe ellipsoid, J-| in. long, obtuse or pointed. — D. glabra,

VOL. IV. B

22 Lxxxiii. SALVADORACE^ (baker). [Dohera.

A. DC. and D. coriacea. A. DC. in DC. Prod. xvii. 81. Schizocalyx
coriaceus, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, i. 108, partly.

irile Kand. Er.trea: near Aiuba Forkhiin, Schweinfurth (^ Siva, 620! near
GindH, 2900-3400 ft., Schtveinfurth Sf Rica, 2241! Kordofan : Katul Goiubar.i,
FfHnd,20Sl Helba, P/knr/, 692 ! near Homra, j;f«riW, 178 ! Abyssinia j Modat
Valley, Schimper, 1744! British Enst Africa; Moniijasn, Wakefield !

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : in mangrove swamps opposite Zan-
zibar, Kirk !

Also in Arabia and India.

2. D. loranthifolia, Warh. in Engl, d- Prantl, Fflanzenfam.
Xachtr. zu ii.-iv. 282. A tree 18-34 ft. high; branches terete,
ashy- white, glabrous. Lieaves broadly obovate or elliptic, 1^-2 in.
long, 10-14 lin. broad, subcuneate and obtuse at the base, apex
scarcely acute ; midrib prominent beneath, thick at the base, thinner
upwards ; veins 3-4 on each side, the basal very obliquely ascending,
very prominent (as well as the tertiary) on both surfaces ; petiole 2-
2J in. long. Inflorescence many-flowered, axillary and terminal, half
as long as the leaves ; peduncles, pedicels and calyx minutely tom.entose ;
bracts very small ; flowers 1-1 ^ lin. long. Calyx about 1 lin. long, J lin.
in diam. ; lobes very short, broad, obtuse. Petals twice as long as
the calyx, glabrous. Stamens 4, glabrous ; filaments connate into a
tube ; anthers sagittate. Disk of 4 glands alternating with the stamens.
Ovary 1-celled, glabrous ; ovules 2, basal, or from a short ascending
placenta, anatropous. — Platymitium lorantki folium, Warb. in Engl. Pfl.
Ost-Afr. C. 279, t. 31 : Solereder in Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell. xiv.
(1896) 264.

Bfozaznb. Bist. German Easi Africa: Usambara ; Maslieua, 1600 ft., Hoist,
8796 ! Lake Yipe, near Kilimanjaro, 2200 ft., Volkens.

This plant was originally referred to FlacourtiacecB.

2. AZIMA, Lam. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 681.

Calyx-tube campanulate ; lobes short, obtuse, usually 4.^ Petals 4,
free, linear. Stamens 4, free, alternate with the petals ; filaments free,
filiform ; anthers ovoid ; glands 0. Ovary ovoid, 2-celled ; style
scarcely any; stigma large, emarginate; ovules 1-2 in a cell, subbasal,
erect. Berry globose, often by abortion 1 -seeded ; endocarp mem-
branous. Seed globose ; testa thick, coriaceous. — Shrubs with sarmen-
tose branches, armed with large pungent spines. Leaves opposite,
coriaceous, entire. Flowers very small, dioecious, arranged in axillary
clusters or congested panicles.

Species 3 ; also in South Africa, the Mascarene Islands and Tropical Asia.

Petals twice as long as tf)e calyx . . . . \. A. tetracantha.

Petals half as long again as the calyx . . .2. Ai spinosissima.

1. A, tetracantha, Lam.; A. DC. in DC. Prod, xvii. 29. A shrub
with long sarmentose tetragonal branches ; spines 2-4 from a node,

Azi7na.] lxxxiii. salvadorace.'E (baker). 21

straight, woody, often 1 in. or more long. Leaves oblong, mucronate,
1-2 in. long; petiole very short. Flowers in clusters or short panicles
with congested branches in the axils of the leaves; bracts ovate, acute.
Calyx yV in. long ; teeth short. Petals greenish-white, linear, twice as
long as the cal} x. Berry whitish, ^ in. diam. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI.
Welw. i. G59. Monetia harlerioides, L'Herit. ; Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap.
i. 474

Nile Xiand. Uganda, Scott-Elliot, 7219 !

Iiower Guinea. Lower Congo, Smith! Angola: along the const region of
Loanda, jRa/?' ray / Welivitsch, 94.2! 4649,54.03! Icolo e Bengo; n.^ar Dafundn,
JFelivitsch, 943.

Mozamb. Sist. Geiman East Africa: Dar-es-Salaani, ^ir^ / Poriuguese
East Africa : Zambesi Delta; Vicente, Scott/ Lower Z mibesi ; Tete, Kirk!
Shi^Ojjo, Kirk !

Also in South Africa, the Mascirene Isl mds and Tro})ical Asia.

2. A. spinosissixna, Engl. Jahrb. xix. 147. Branchlecs and
young leaves shortly pubescent, mature glabrescent. Stipular spines
lJ-2 in. long. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, conspicuously
mucronate, \h in. long. Inflorescence a spike composed of sessile o-
flowered congested cymes ; bracts lanceolate, mucronate. Calyx yV in.
long ; teeth half as long as the tube. Petals lanceolate, half as long
again as the calyx.

Iiower Crulnea. German South-west Af ric;i : Damaraland ; Otyimbinjue,
Gurich, 60.

?y. SALVADORA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 681.

Calyx-tube broadly campanulate ; segments 4, ovate, obtuse.
Corolla-tube very short ; segments 4, broad, obtuse. Stamens 4,
inserted in the corolla-tube ; filaments free, very short, slightly
flattened ; anthers orbicular ; glands sometimes present. Ovary ovoid, 1-
celled ; style very short ; stigma capitate; ovule i, basal, erect. Drupe
globose ; endocarp chartaceous. Seed erect, globose ; testa thin. —
Shrubs or small trees, with unarmed branches. Leaves opposite,
entire, coriaceous. Flowers very small, subunisexual, panicled.

A second species in Arabia and India.

1. S. persica, Garcin ; DC. Prod. xvii. 28. A much-branched
shrub or small tree, glabrous in all its parts, covering sometimes an
area of 80 ft. ; branchlets white, terete. Leaves oblong, coriaceous, 2-3
in. long, rarely ovate or suborbicular, pale green ; petiole \-\ in. long.
Panicles copiously produced from the end of the branchlets and axils
of the upper leaves ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute. Calyx pale
green, under ^ lin. long. Corolla greenish-white, yV in. long. Stamens
shorter than the corolla. Drupe the size of a pea. — Hiern in Cat. Afr.
PI. Welw. i. 659 ; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 168; Oliver in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxix. 106. S. O'asmiervia, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss.

24 Lxxxiii. SALVADORACE.'E (baker). [<Salvadora.

Exsicc. 2218 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. i. 30. S.
faniculata, Hochst. in 8chimp. PJ. Abyss- Exsicc. 2325.

Upper Guinea. Seiiegambia, Perrottet ! Dollinqer ! Hevdelot ! Boriiu :
region of Lake Chad, Vogel !

Wile Itand. Ked Sea : Harnisli Islan \, Slade, 15 ! Nubia : Coast region,
Bent! Ethiopia, KoLschy, 2S'd\ Kordofan, Pfund, 2721 Eritrea: Hauifila Bay,
Terracciano ! Abyssinia; Agowa district near p]rrea, Schimper, 2218! near
Gageros, Schimper, 2.325 ! Sennar, Cienkowsky .' Soina'iland, Miss Edith Cole I
on the Wiiite Nile, Schweinfurth, 267! Speke Sf Grant, 770! DongolH, Ehren-
herg ! British P'ast Alrica : Kismayii, near tlie montli of the Kiver Jub;i, Kirk !

Taovrer Guinea. Angola, Wehvitsch, 944 ! Curror ! Germa-i 8outb-\vest
Africa: Hererohmd, I'echuel-Loesche.

nXozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Shiipaiiga, Kirk !
near Sena, A'lV^ / British Central Africa : Borunia, on the 7j?i\x\\h.&\, Menyharth^
820 ! Nyasaland, Buchanan, 1032 ! 1100 !

Also in North Africa, Arabia and India.

Order LXXXIV. APOCYNACE-5:. (By Otto Stapf.)

Flowers hermaphrodite, regular. Calyx inferior; sepals 5 (very
rarely 4) free or slightly (rarely more) united, more or less imbricate,
equal or more or less unequal, often with (usually scale-like) glands near
the base inside. Corolla salver- or funnel-shaped, rarely campanulate,
urceolate or subglobose, glabrous or more or less hairy within, some-
times with scales or callous protuberances or ridges in the tube or
mouth ; lobes usually convolute, overlapping and frequently also twisted
to the right or to the left, very rarely valvate. Stamens 5 (very rarely 4),
inserted in the corolla-tube or mouth : filaments filiform or more often
flattened and short or reduced to a callous swelling, often passing at the
base into more or less decurrent ridges projecting into the tube (filamental
ridges) ; anthers frequently conniving in a cone, either linear or oblong
(rarely elliptic), shortly and obtusely 2-lobed at the base with the anther-
cells parallel polliniferous and dehiscing to the base, or sagittate with
barren tails (very frequently formed by the continuation of the outer halves
of the cells), leaving the front basal part of the connective (foot) free ; foot
of the connective smooth or with various shaped projections or regular
groups of spreading hairs. Pollen nearly always spherical with 3 pores,
loose or rarely more or less cohering. Disc if present annular or cupular,
5-lobed or consisting of 2-5 scales, sometimes more or less adnatetothe
ovary. Ovary superior, or slightly inferior, of 2 (very rarely 3-5)
uuited or distinct carpels, if syncarpous, 1-celled with parietal or 2-celled
with central placentas, if apocarpous with ventral placentas. Style 1 ,
entire or divided at the base ; stigma various, with or without a usually
bilid apiculus and frequently with a ring or other appendages, viscous
on the surface or exuding much glutinous matter and agglutinated to
the anthers or adnate to the projections of the foot of the connective.
Ovules anatropous, usually pendulous, few or many in each carpel.

LXXXIV. APOCYNACE^ (sTAPF). 25

Fruit entire, baccate, drupaceous, samaroid or consisting of 2 (rarely 3-
5) baccate or follicular mericarps, rarely breaking up into 2 or 4 valves.
Seeds various, frequently compressed, very often with a tuft of hairs
(coma) at one or both ends, or winged, rarely with a plumose
apical or basal awn ; testa coriaceous, crustaceous or membranous.
Endosperm, if present, cartilaginous or fleshy. Embryo straight ;
cotyledons usually flat, rarely convolute or contortuplicate ; radicle
superior. — Trees, erect or scandent shrubs or perennial (very rarely
annual) herbs, more or less laticiferous. Leaves simple, generally
opposite, sometimes whorled, rarely spirally arranged, entire, pinnati-
nerved. Stipules, if present, short, intrapetiolar, and often joining
around the stem in a transverse ridge, very rarely one on each side of
the petiole, or represented by spines. Inflorescences made up of (often
much reduced) cymes, terminal or pseudolateial or truly axillary ;
cymes solitary or clustered or gathered in loose or congested, often 2-3-
tomous, panicles, corymbs or pseudo- umbels; bracts usually small and
deciduous. Flowers small to large and then often very showy.

The number of new genera and species of ttds order described since tin? publica-
tion of Hentham and Hooker's Genera Pbintarura (1876) is very gre.it. This has
entailed the revisiion of the genera and of their arrangement, -.md the introduction of
a more detailed description of the remiirkahly polymorphic fertilisation apparatus.
Of the 3 tribes here admitted, the TaherncemontanoidecE and Echiloidece correspond
almos'. exactly to the sul)tribe of Taberncemontanece, Kenth. (Taberncemontanince,
K. Schtim.) and the tribe of J^chitidece, Benth. {EchitoidecB, K. Schum.) respectively.
Both Hre very homogeneous groups. The remainder of the genera are much h s»
obviously connected. Bi ntham referred these to CarUsem and Plumeriefi, in which
l;(tter he included also the TaberncemontnnecB^ whilst Schumann un.ted both tr.bes
in his Plumerioidece. As the principal character (namely, the syncarpous or
apocarpous ovary) separating Carissece and PlumeriecB has lost, in the light of new
discov er.es, much of the impcn-tance formerly attributed to it, 1 have preferred to
abandon it as a primary distinction, and to adopt Schumann's tribe Plumerioidea-,
cxchuling his TaberncBtnontanince. Among the TaberncEmontanoidecB the genus
TahenicBmontana had grown, by the jiddition of numerous (often imperfectly
known) speci< s, into an assembly of most incongruous typt-s. With the alternatives
of reducing all the Taberna:mo)ilanoidecB to one genus or breaking up Tabemamon-
tana into several genera, as already })roposed by Perre and Schumann, 1 decided
in favour of the latter as being the o.dy way of obtaining genera approximately
equivaleut to those composing tlie two o'her tribes. One result of the study of the
Taberncemoiitanoidece of both hemispheres was the exclusion of Tabernamonfanff
Irom the Old World.

Tribe I. Plumerioldeae. — Corolla salver-shaped, rarely fuunel-shaped ;
lobes overlapping to I he left, rarely to the right. Anthers linear, oblong
or elliptic, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed {rarely sub-sagittate) at the base ;
anther-cells polliniferous and dehiscing to the base or nearly so, not diverging
beloiv. Ovary syncarpous, l-2-oelled, or apocarpous tvith 2 (rarely 3-5) free or
partly connate carpels ; stigma various, usually distinctly apiculate, rarely hairy
or with frill-like appendages, often exuding more or less glutinous matter and
then sometimes sticking to the anthers in the d>y state, otherwise free. Fruit
baccate, drupaceous or dry and follicular. Seeds not comose, exarillate ; endosperm
{if any) smooth, rarely grooved and ruminate. Cotyledons Jlut.
*Ovary syncarpous. 1-2-celled.

Corolla 8al\er-sh;tped ; tiuit bac(ate.

?0'RESt

RESOURCES

_^ . tfi^X f

2G

LXXXIV. APOCYNACE^ (sTAPF).

of ClUandra, 2-eelled
filiform cr columnar,

A'ahadenia.

I.ANDOLPHIA.

3. Clitandka.

4. Carpodinus.

Carissa.
Acokanthera.

13. Allamanda.

7. Pjcralima.

Ovary l-celled (or impprfgctly 1-celled in some species
in ClUandra orientalis) ; stigma glabrous.
Style short, not or shortly exserted from the cal^ x,
mostly glabrous.
Inflorescences terminal or sometimes pseudo-
axillary.
Calyx 4-5 lin. long, multiglmulnlar within 1.
Calyx f-3 lin, long, eglandular within . 2.
Intiorescences axillary or axillary and ter-
miiiiil .......

Style usually long and much ex-erted from the
cal}X, ulmosc capillary, mostly more or less

liiiii-y

Ovary 2-cellcd ; stigma tips hairy

Armed shrubs with siu)ple or forked spines
UiiMrmed shrubs ......

Corolla funnel-shnped ; fruit breaking up into 2
si)inous valves ......

**Ovary apocnrpou?, rarely imperfectly syncarpous
(sp.'cies of Ra urooljia) .
Sepals 3 lin. long, broad, obtuse, subcoriaceous;
ovules very numerous .....

Sepals \-l lin. long, or if longer, narrow and herba-
ceous ; ovules few or many.
fMerlcarps baccate, or if follicular with only 2-4
winged seeds
Inflorescences axillary (rarely pseudo-terminal),
sessile or compact, more or less innbelliform :
stigma not apieulate . . . .8. Pleiocarpa.

Inflorescences terminal, paniculate or corymbosi-,

rarely much congested or clustered and

l)seudo-axillary ; ^tigma distinctly iipicu-

late.

Inflorescences rathtr dense and rigid; calyx

glandular within, coriaceous, mure or less

resinous ; st'gma oblong-ellipsoid.

Ovules 10-24 in each cell . . . ,

Ovules 2 in each cell ....

Inflorescences rather lax ; cal3X eglandular
within, submembranous, not lesinous;
stigma depressed, capitate
tfMe.icarps drupaceous; carpels 2-ovuled .
f ft Mericarps follicular ; carpels many-ovuled.

Herbs 14. Lochnera.

Trees or shrubs.

Leaves alternate ; flow^ers rather large and
showy

POLTADOA.
HUNTERIA.

DlPLORRHYNCHUs
liAUWOLFIA.

15.

Leaves opposite or verticillate; flowers small 16.

Pjlumeria.

Alstonia.

Tribe II. Tabernaemoutauoldeses — Corolla salver-shaped, rarely funnel-
shaped or campanulate with a cylindric basal tube ; lobes overlapjping to the left,
very rarely to the right. Anthers linear, oblong, or sagittate ; anther-cells not or
very slightly diverging below, and polliniferous and dehiscing to the base or
nearly so^ or diverging below and passing into barren tails leaving the glabrous
foot of the connective free. Ovary apocarpous, rarely syncarpous ; carpels 2 ;

C.

LXXXIV. APOCYNACE^ (sTAPF). 27

.stigma various, often exuding more or less glutinous matter and sticking tightly to
the anthers at least in the dry state, otherwise free. Fruit baccate or follicular (hut
more or lessjleshy). Seeds not comose, arillate in follicular fruits ; endosperm
rentrally grooved and more or less ruminate. Cotyledons flat.
*Sepals almost or quite free, not circumscissile at tlie base.
Ovary, synearpous, imperfectly 2-celled ; fruit a

simple berry . 17. TABERyA^■THE.

Ovary apocarpous, or carpels united only near the
base ; mericarps baccate or follicular.
Anthers linear-oblong, ihortly 2-lobed or sub-
sagittRte ; stigma oblong, ellipsoid or capi-
tate, not appendiculate at the base.
Corolla salver-shaped ; disc 0.

Stigma capitate, exiipiculate, entire; small-
Howered shrub ; mericarps 3-keeled or
3-\vinged, baccate or very tardily de-
hiscent . . . . . .18. Pterotaberna.

.Stigma oblong to ellipsoid with a bifid
slender apiculus ; flowers small to
middle-sized (corolla-tube 3-12 lin.
long, very slender); mericarps follicular
often beaked and finally flattened out,

not winged 19. Ervatamia.

Corolla campanulate-funiiel-shaped, large; disc
distinct, aduate to the ovary.
Flowers not involucrate ; cylindric part of

the corolla-tube short . . . .20. Calocrater.

Flowers involucrate by large foliaceous
bracts ; cylindric part of the corolla-
tube long and slender .... 21. Crioceras.
Anthers more or less linear-lanceolate, sagittate
(rarely subsagittate) ; stigma cylindric or
capitate, always apiculate and with a basal
appendage.
Corolla widened above the insertion of the
stamens.
Supra-staminal part of the corolla-tube cylin-
dric or funnel-shaped towards the
mouth ; corolla 2-3 in. long . . 22, Callichilia,

Supra-staminal part of the corolla-tube wide,

campanulate; corolla about ^ in. long . 23. Carvalhoa.
Corolla gradually constricted above the in-
sertion of the stamens.
Corolla-lobes overlapping to the right ; disc

distinct ; mericarps multistriate . . 24. Schizozygia.

Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left ; disc 0 ;
mericarps smooth or 2-3-keeled, rarely
warty.
Corolla-tube slender, staminiferous close to

the base 25. Gabunia.

Corolla-tube inflated and staminiferous

at the middle 26. Conopharyngia.

**Sepals united into a tubular or subcampanulate, 5-lobed
calyx, circumscissile at the base or splitting longitu-
dinally 27. Voacakga.

28 LXXXIV. AFOCYNACE^ (sTAPF).

Tribe III. Bcliitoldeae- — Corolla various ; lobes overlapping to the right,
very rarely to the left, or induplicate-valvate or valvule. Anthers usually sagittate ;
anther-cells diverging below^ the outer halves passing into barren tailed appendages ;
foot of the connective free, generally provided with projections and regularly
arranged groups of spreading hairs. Ovary apocarpous, rarely syncarpous ; stigma
various, exuding a glutinous matter and tightly agglutinated or adnate to the
foot of the connective, very rarely to the base of the filaments. Fruit dry, folli-
cular. Seeds comose, very rarely not ; or with a basal or apical plumose aicn ;
endosperm smooth, often scanty. Cotyledons flat, semiterete, convolute or con-
tortuplicate.
•Leaves ppposite, rarely whorled ; trees or shrubs with
woody stems.
Anthers not sagittnte; outer halves of the cells usually
more or less (sometimes minutely) decurrent on
and adnate to the glabrous foot of the connective ;
leaves deciduous . . . . . .28. Holarrhen:^.

AiitheiiJ distinctly sagitt.ite ; empty tails free ; leaves

persistent, rarely deciduous.

Corolla with numerous appeinlages in the throat,

partly opposite and partly alternate with the

lubes ; seeds covered all over with long silky

wool 29. Pleiocehas.

Corolla with paired or solitary appendages alternate

with the lobes, or (usually) naked ; seed

glabrous, pubescent or shortly tomentose.

Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate from a

cylindric basal tube with paired appendages

between the usually long-tailed lobes . . 30. Strophanthus.

Corolla salver-shaped or funnel-shaped to cam-
panulate without a cylindric basal tube or
paired appendages.
Corolla-lobes very asymmetric ; anther-cone

exserted from the corolla-tube . . 31. ISONEMA.

Corolla-lobes notor s ightly asymmetiic ; anther-
cone included, rarely more or less exserted
Intracalycular glands numerous.

Corolla fleshy; tube stout; Icb.s over-
lapping to the right ; seeds with a
plumose basal awn . . .32. Funtumia.

Corolla not fleshy ; tube generally slender ;
lobes induplicate-valvate ; seeds with

a se>sile apical coma . . . 33. Mascabenhasia.

Intracalycular glands 5-0.

Autlier-cone exseited; seeds without a

coma or awn .... 34. Malouetia.

Anther-cone included; seeds with a
sessile apical coma.
Corolla- mouth much constricted.

Ovary apocarpous .... 35. ALAriA.
Ovary sync.irpous .... 36. Holalafia.
Corolla-mouth wide.

Leaves extremely closely nerved ;

carpels 4-ovuled . . . 37. Pycnobotrya.
Leaves loosely nerved ; carpels roany-
ovultd.

LXXXIV. APOCYNACE.E (STAPf). 20

Corolla funnel-shnped, campanu-
late or urceolate, usually with
transverse scales or swellings
above the insertion of the
stamens ; anther-tails acute,
straight or nearly so.
Flowers in terminal and axillary
panicles or corymbs, rarely
ill few-flowered subsessile
cymes; corolla-lobes as long
as, or more often very
much longer than, the tube 38. Baissea
Flowers in dt-nse, small, subses-
gileaxilbiry cymes ; corolla-
lobes as long as or shorter
than the tube . . .39. Zygodia.

Corolla more or less salver-shaped,
without transverse scalis or
swellings above the in-
sertion of the st miens;
anther-tails very obtuse,
strongly recurved.
Corolla with 5 ligulate scales
in the mouth; anther-tips
acute, glabrous . . 40. Oncinotis.

Corolla without scales in the
mouth; anther-tips bearing
a minutely plumose mucro 41. Motandra.
**Leaves spirally arranged ; stem succulent.

Unarmed 42. Adenium.

Armed with spines at the bas^i of the leaves . . 43. Pachypodium.

1. VAHADENIA, Stapf.

Calyx 4-5 lin. long ; sepals 5, broad-ovate, glabrous, with a fringe of
short filiform glands within at the base, spreading or reflexed in fruit.
Corolla salver-shaped, fleshy ; tube subcylindrie, slightly widened and
staminif erous, at the middle, 7-8 lin. long, mouth naked ; lobes 5, over-
lapping to the left. Stamens included ; filaments filiform, very short ;
anthers linear-oblong, bilobed at and dehiscing to the base. Disc 0.
Ovary entire, truncate, pubescent except at the glabrous base, 1 -celled ;
placentas 2, parietal, very much projecting ; style filiform ; stigma
conical from a thickened base, minutely 2-lobed, at the level of the
anthers ; ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Fruit n. globose berry ;
pericarp very hard, woody. Seeds about 20. — A semiscandent glabrous
shrub. Leaves opposite, petioled ; secondary nerves distant ; axillary
stipules 0. Flowers middle-sized, stout, shortly pedicelled, in few-
flowered corymbs at the ends of the distant branches of an elongate
panicle, which (like the rhachis) are sensitive and act as hook-
tendrils.

Species 1, endemic.

Allied to the sections Mesandroecia and Ancyluhotr ys of Landolphia, but differing

30 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Vcihadenia.

from all the species of this genus in the large, persistent, ultimately reflexed or
spreading sepals, the very numerous intracalycular glands, the stout, fleshy corolla
and the woody pericarp. I have not seen any seeds, and state their number from
I)e Wildeman's description.

1. V. Laurentiiy Stapf. A perfectly glabrous, semiscandent
shrub ; young branches shining, very rough from numerous pale brown
lenticels. Leaves obovate-elliptic or obovate, very shortly acuminate
or obtuse, rounded or subcordate at the base, 3-6 in. long, 1 J-2|^ in.
broad, coriaceous with thickened margins, glossy on both sides, reddish-
brown below when dry; midrib finely channelled above, prominent
below ; secondary nerves about 8 on each side, oblique, conspicuously
prominent below, finely channelled above, connected by bold sub-
marginal arches, reticulation distinct below. Panicle glabrous ;
branches very rough ; bracts broad, apiculate, up to 1 lin. long,
ciliolate. Calyx quite glabrous, eciliolate ; sepals 4-5 lin. long, S-'d^ lin.
broad, subcoriaceous, reddish-brown, spreading or reflexed in fruit.
Corolla brownish-red when dry, glabrous; tube 7-8 lin. long; lobes 10
lin. long, 2 lin. broad, ciliate, fleshy, longitudinally sulcate on the back
in bud. ^ Anthers Ij lin. long. Fruit Ij-lf in. diam. (mature?) —
Landolphia Laurentii, De Wild, in Rev. Cult. Colon, viii. (1901) 229.

"Xtovrev Guineii. Lower Congo : Kimuenza, Gillet, 1666 !

South Central. Congo Free State : Muchipila, Xaj^r^M^ /

'1, LANDOLPHIA, Beauv. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 692.

Calyx f-lj lin. long (or 2J-3 lin. in § Mesaiidrcecia) ; sepals 5,
•free or connate below, usually more or less ovate, hairy or glabrous,
eglandular. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube moreor less cylindric, H-12 lin.
lent', slender or rather stout, widened and staminiferous near the base
or mouth or between them without correlation to the length of the
corolla, but usually just above the calyx (higher up by ^-2 calyx-lengths
in §§ Vahea a,nd Mesandrcecia); mouth naked, sometimes much constricted
by a callous ring; lobes 5, narrow or broad, overlapping to the left.
Stamens included; anthers ovate to lanceolate, minutely 2-lobed at and
dehiscing to the base. Disc 0. Ovary entire, hairy or glabrous, 1-celled ;
placentas 2, parietal ; style filiform or subcolumnar, usually short to very
short, or longer and very slender (in §§ Vahea and Mesandroecia) ;
stigma at a level with the base of the anthers, conical from a slightly
thickened base, 2-lobed; ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Fruit a globose
or pear-shaped berry, sometimes of large size. Seeds few or many,
•embedded in a juicy pulp, ovoid or oblong, smooth ; endosperm horny ;
cotyledons foliaceous, very thin ; radicle short. — Hairy or glabrous
shrubs, often of large size, usually climbing by flagelliform hook-
branched terminal or pseudo-axillary tendrils (modified inflorescences),
or by sensitive inflorescences, rarely dwarf shrubs or undershrubs with
partly herbaceous branches. Leaves opposite, of varying size : secondary
nerves usually distant, rai^ely very close ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary
glands minute, obscure, or (in § Ancylobotrys) subulate to filiform.
Flowers small to middle-sized, rarely 2 in. long in bud, pedicelled or

Landolphia.'] lxxxiv. apocynace.e (staff). 31

sessile in few- or many-flowered corymbs at the ends of the branches
(sometimes overtopped by barren shoots and then occasionally pseudo-
axillary), or gathered in more or less elongate panicles at the ends of
their distant branches which are (like the rhachis) sensitive, and act as
hooks or tendrils.

About 40 species, in tropical Africa, extratropical Soutli-east Africa, and the
Mascarene Isl mds.

The plant described by Aublet as Pacouria is very probably a species of Lan-
dolphia, § Anvylohotrys. It was found in French Guiana by Aublet, but has never
been collected again, and is perhaps not indigenous there. The seeds of several
species have been descril.ed as being covered with a dense coat of hairs. Lecomte
has pointed out in Journ. de Bot. 1901, 86-88, that this appearance is due to the
presence of a great number of laticiferous cells in the pericarp, the inner parts of
which iro to form the pulp. This closely envelops the seeds, and, as the orientation
of the laticiferous cells is more or less at right angles to the surface of the seed and
their refractive power diffei-s from the rest, produces the impression of the presence
of a coat of hairs.

*Jasminociiyla. — Flowers few, in terminal corymbs, short racemes or small
panicles. Calyx 1-1^^ lin. long, ciliolate or perfectly glabrous. Corolla-tube 2^-5
lin. long, cylindric, slightly widened froir. the middle upwards; lobes 3^-8 lin. long,
not ciliate, as long as or longer than the tube. Stamens inserted about the middle
of the corolla-tube. Ovary glabrous ; style not or slightly exceeding the calyx.
Fruit globose with a coriaceous rind, having no sclerenchymatic layer. Endosperm
coarsely pitted.

Sepals conspicuou-ly ciliate; secondary nerves of

leaves 8-10 on each side . . . . \. L. wafsoniana.

Sepnls eciliate ; secondary nerves of leaves 10-18
on eacii side.
Flowers on pedicels up to 3 lin. long, in lax

I'acemes or small panicles . . . . 2. i. kllimnndjarica .

Flowers on very short pedicels, in small rather
dense corymbs.
Corolla-lobes 8-5^ lin. long . . . . 3. i. Buchananii.

Coi'olla- lobes up to 8 lin. long . . . 4. Z. Cameronis.

**Vahea. — Flowers many, in dense terminal corymbs, or the corymbs gathered
in elongate sensitive panicles. Calyx 1-lA lin. long, hairy or glabrous. Corolla-tube
6-11 lin. long, slightly inflated below the middle, othervvise very slender; lobes 8-15
lin. long, not ciliate. Stamens inserted at the lower ^ of the corolla-tube. Ovary
glabrous or hairy; style distinctly exceeding the calyx, sometimes by more than 1
calyx-length. Fruit more or less globose with a thick hard rind, havin;^ a scleren-
chymatic layer. Endosperm smooth.

Corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube . . h. L. leonensis.

Corolla-lobes at least as long as the tube.

Calyx |-1 lin. long ; corolla-tube 6-6^ lin. long ;

ovary glabrous . . . . . 6. i. sener/alensis.

Calyx li lin. long ; corolla-tube 8-11 lin. long ;

ovary densely tomentose . . . .7. L.florida.

***Mesandrcecia. — Flowers many, in dense conspicuously bracteate corymbs at
the ends of the brant-hes or several of them gathered in elongate terminal panicles.
Calyx 2^-3 lin. long, hairy ; sepals similar to the bracts usually with letlexed tip?.
Corolla-tube 6-9 lin. long, spindle-shaped ; lobes 5-10 lin. long, eciliate. Stamens
inserted at or just above the middle of the corolla-tube. Ovary villous or glabrous;

32

LXXXIV. APOCYNACE^ (sTAPF).

[Landolphia.

style distinctly exceeding the calyx. Fruit oblong, with a thin hard rind, having a
sclerenchymatic concentric layer. Endosperm smooth.

Leaves 8-14 in. long, 4-7 in. brond, pulverulento-
tomentellons and cinnamon-coloured below ;
ovary pjlabrous . . . . . . 8. Zi. ochracea.

Leaves under 5 in. long, hirsute or villous ; ovary

densely hairy.

Branches and inflorescences densely fulvo- or

rufo-hirsute with spreading hairs ; leaves

permanently hirsute or pubescent at least on

the midrib below.

Secondary nerves of leaves 11-13 on each side ;

corolhi-lobes 5-6 lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad 9. X. eminiana.
Secondary nerves of leaves 5-7 on each side ;

corolla-lobes 9 lin. long, 1^-2 lin. broad 10. L. hracteata.
Branches and inflorescences more or less ad-
pressedly rufo-tomentose ; adult leaves
quite glabrous . . . . . . 11. Z. Lecomtei.

::"::;:::;•• A NCYLOBOTRYS. — Flowers sessile in dense clusters on the ends of the branches
of terminal, mostly elongate, more or less sensitive panicles. Calyx up to li lin.
long, hairy all over. Corolla-tube 3-12 lin. long, slender, cylindric, slightly widened
and staminiferous just above the calyx ; lobes 3-11 lin. long, ciliate along the outer
edge. Ovary hairy -, style not or very slightly exceeding the calyx. Fruit globose
or obovoid, with a leathery rind, having no sclerenchymatic layer. Endosperm smooth.
Corolla-lobes much shortt r than the tube.

Leaves ovate to broad-oblong; secondary nerves
8-11 on each side, curved, much raised below ;
reticulation lax .....

Leaves lanceolate to oblong ; secondary nerves
11-13 on each side, almost straight, very
slender ; reticulation dense and fine .
Corolla-lobes at least as long as the tube.

Leaves (/blong- or ovate-lanreolate to oblong,

about 3 times longer than broad; secondary

nerves 18-20 on each side, straight and more

or less horizontal.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, shortly and obtusely

acuminate 14. i. Tayloris.

Leaves very coriaceous, very acutely acuminate 15. L. pachyphylla.
Leaves ovate- or elliptic-oblong, about twice as
long as broad ; sec aidary nerves 6-12 on
tacli side, oblique, more or less curved.
Leaves acutely :tnd sliortly acuminate ; secon-
dary nerves 9- 12 ; corolla-lobes as long as
the tube.
Leaves rigidly papery ; petiole 2 lin. long;

corolla-tube 5-6 lin. long . . .16. L. amoena.

Leave-i coriaceous ; petiole 3-5 lin. long ; co-
rolla-tube 6^-7 lin. long . . . 17. L. ferruginea.
Leaves subacute or obtuse (rarely subacumi-
nate) ; secondary nerves 6-8 ; corolla-lobes
longer than the tube .... 18. L. petersiana.
*****EuLANDOLPHiA. — Flowers many or few in dense terminal corymbs, rarely in
elongated panicles. Calyx up to 2 lin. long, hairy or almost glabrous ; sepals usually
very broad. Corolla-tube l|-3 lin. long, inflated and staminiferous bitween the

12. L. rohtista.

13. L. scandens.

Landolphia.] lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (staff). 33

middle and the nioutJ', rarely at tl.e middle; lobes Ig-S liu. long, not ciliate. Ovary
hairy or glabrous. Style very t-hort, not or scarcely exceeding the cal3x. Fruit
globose to pear-slijiped, with a hard rind, having a concentric sclerenchymatous layer.
Leaves 3-6 in. by 1-2.] in.

Tall sR^ubs or t-litnbers ; secondary nerves 10-15
on each side.
Calyx fulvo-toineutose; corolla over 2 liii.
long; ovary-top very finely tomentose.
Leaves al)rnptly or obscurely acuminate;
corolla-tube 3 lin. long; fruit 1-3 in.
indiain. . . . . . . 19. X. oioariensis.

Leaves gradually tapering into a distinct
acumen; corolla-tube 2^ lin. long;
fruit 6-10 in. in diam. . . . 20. L. Klainei.

Calyx glabrous except on theciliolate margins,
shining ; corolla-tube 2 lin. long; ovary-
top Jong villous ..... 21. L. Deivevrei.

Dwarf shrubs, ofte i with subherbaceous shoots ;

secondary nerves 6-7 on each side . . 22. L. htimilis.

Leaves ^-3 in. (rarely more) by ^-\\ iu.

Erect tall shrubs, long climbeis or ramblers;
leaves 1-3 in. (rarely more) by f-1^ in.
Secondary nerves 7-10 on each t^ide ; corolla-
tube 3-3i lin. long; ovary finely tomen-
tose . ' 23. i. Heudelotii.

Secondary nerves 10-12 on each side ; corolla-
tube l|-3 lin. long; ovary glabrous . 24. L. Kirkii.
Dwarf shrubs ; leaves ^-2h in. by 5— | lin.
Secondary nerves 10-12 on each siUe, very

faint; calyx almost glabrous, shining . 25. L. parvifolia.
Secondary nerves 17-20 on each side, distinct;

calyx pubescent or tomentose . . 26. L. Thollonii.

1. li. watsoniana, Vogtherr in Kohler, Mediz. Pfl. iii. No. 14, with
plate. A very long climbing shrub with long, hook-branched tendrils
from the branch-forks, quite glabrous ; young branches brown, rough
with numerous lenticels. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, more or
less obtusely acuminate, subacute or rounded at the base, 2-4 in. long,
^-2 J in. broad, chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, glossy above ; midrib
very slightly channelled or flat, moderately prominent below ; secondary
nerves 8-10 on each side, very slender, rather spreading, straight,
connected by fine arches 1-1 J lin. within the margins ; reticulation
delicate, inconspicuous, faintly impressed above; petiole IJ lin. long.
Corymbs few-flowered, rather loose, very shortly peduncled, terminal,
shorter than the leaves ; bracts small, ciliate ; pedicels up to H lin. long.
Calyx j to almost 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate, subacute, conspicuously
ciliate. Corolla yellowish-white ; tube subcylindric, widest just above
the middle, 2J-3 lin. long, villous within above the stamens; lobes
narrow, linear-lanceolate, 3J lin. long. Stamens inserted above the
middle ; anthers lanceolate, alcute. Ovary subglobose, sulcate, glabrous;
style filiform; stigma cylindric from a thickened base.— Van Romburgh
in 's Lands PI. Buitenz. 1892, 438 (name only); Dew^vre, Caoutch. Afr.
Monogr. Landolph. 57 (description of sterile cultivated specimens) ;

34 Lxxxiv. ArocYXACEvE (staff). [Landolphia,

Warb. ill Tropanpa. iii. (1899) 814 aad Kautschukpfl. 120. L. IVatsoni,
Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i. 13 <fe 84 ; Ohimani in Bot. Cen-
tralbl. Ixi. (1895) 457; Warb. in Notizbl. Konis^l. Bot. Gart. Berlin,
ii. 170 ; Morris in Journ. Soc. Arts, xlvi. 781 ; Dyer ex Kew Gardens,
Tender Dicotyl. List, 1899, 403. L. petersiana, K. Schum. in Engl.
Glied. Veg. Usambara, 55, not elsewhere, ex Hallier f. Carpodinus
wrUsonlanus,Yogth.evr in Kohler, I.e. Cylindropns watsojiiana, Hallier f .
Kaut-ichuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899),
3 Beih. 134.

IMCozamb. Sist, German East Africa : Usambara ; Mlalq, river woods,
4500 ft., ffolst, 2458! Lutindi, Hunda forest, 5000 ft., Solst, 3443! Usaramo;
Dar es Salami, seedling' plant, Kirk ! and cultivated specimen grown at Kew from
seeds sent by Kirk from Dar es SalHam !

The description of the inflorescences and flowers lias been drawn np from speci-
mens grown in the Tjikomo Gardens in Java (ScbifPner, Trop. Kultnr-u. Heilpfl.
No. 50!) These plants were bronglit to Java from Ceylon, where seeds had been
received from Kew. The Usambai*a specimens are imperfect, and their determina-
tion will have to be tested when flowering specimens come to hand. Vogtherr
also figures and describes fruits ; but they are evidently quite young, and his state-
ment that the seeds are exalbnminous is certainly erroneous. L. toatsoniana is very
closely allied to L. crassipes, Kadlk., of Madagascar and to L. Buchananii, Stapf, which
has large fruits and i-ather large seeds of the ordinary Landolphia type, and it has
no particular resemblance to Clitandra parvifolia, Stapf {Cylindropsis parvifolia,
Pierre, the type of the genus Cylindropsis).

2. £a, kilimandjarica, Stapf. A scandent, perfectly glabrous
.shrub. Young branches slender, greyish-brown when dry; lenticels
not very conspicuous. Leaves oblong to broadly lanceolate, obtusely
subacuminate, subacute or slightly rounded at the base, 2-4 in. long,
1-1 J in. broad, thinly coriaceous or papery, glossy above, green on both
sides, but paler beneath; midrib channelled above, much raised below ;
lateral nerves about 15-18, subhorizontal, fine, faintly raised below;
reticulation delicate, but distinct below ; marginal arches rather close
to the margin ; petiole 1 J-2 lin. long. Flowers in terminal short
racemes, or small panicles ; peduncles very short or up to 1 in. long,
slender ; bracts ovate, subacute, membranous, J lin. long ; pedicels up
to 3 lin. long, horizontally spreading. Calyx scarcely 1 J lin. long, quite
glabrous ; sepals broad, ovate, obtuse or subacute, more or less mem-
branous. Corolla up to G lin. long in bud; tube 21 lin. long, slightly
(if at all) widened at the middle, rather stout ; lobes oblong, subobtuse,
3 to almost 4 lin. long, \\ lin. broad, slightly silky at the base. Stamens
inserted at the middle of the corolla.-tube ; anthers ovate-oblong, sub-
obtuse, slightly over h lin. long. Ovary ovoid, quite glabrous ; style
and stigma somewhat over 1 lin. long. Fruit globose, up to 2 in. in
diameter, dark brown (when dry) mottled with yellow and dotted with
minute raised warts ; seeds up to 7 J lin. long, 2i-3J lin. broad ; testa
reddish-brown, irregularly pitted. — Clitandra kilimandjarica, Warb. in
Tropenpfl. iv. (1900) 614, and in Rev. Cult. Colon, viii. (1901) 45.

nXozaint). 3>lst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; Moshi, received from
the Foreign Office ! and without precise locality, MerJcer !

This yields according to Warburg very good rubber.

Landolphia.] lxxxiv. ArocYNACE^ (staff). 35

3. L. Buchananiiy Stapf. A climbing shrub, perfectly glabrous-
in all its parts; young branches slender, dark reddish-brown, dotted
and often rough with numerous lenticels. Leaves oblong or subovate-
-oblong, obscurely (rarely distinctly) and obtusely acuminate or obtuse,
rounded at the base, 2— J: in. long, -J- li in. broad, chartaceous, flossy
above ; midrib slender, channelled above, slightly raised below ; secon-
dary nerves extremely slender, 11-lG on each side, rather spreading,
straight, connected rather close to the margins by flat equally fine
arches ; network of veins delicate, very inconspicuous, faintly impressed
above ; petiole 2h lin. long. Corymbs small, few-flowered, dense,
glabrous, WQry shortly peduncled or subsessile, much shorter than tlie
leaves ; bracts small, ovate, obtuse ; pedicels up to 1 lin. long. Calyx
slightly over 1 lin. long, quite glabrous, dark brown, with pale thin
margins when dry ; sepals ovate, broad, obtuse. Corolla dark-reddish
when dry, quite glabrous ; tube subcylindric, somewhat stout, slightly
widened from the middle upwards, 2 J-3 J lin. long ; lobes oblong, obtuse,
4i-5|^ lin. long, rather straight. Stamens inserted at the middle of the
corolla-tube. Ovary depressed ovoid, sulcate, glabrous ; style and
stigma about 1 lin. long ; stigma shortly cylindric from a thickened
base, bifid. Fruit globose, Iv-lf in. in diam. ; rind thin, leathery,
without a sclerenchymatous layer ; seeds oblong, in a fibrous juicy pulp,
up to 7 lin. long ; albumen horny, coarsely pitted ; cotyledons very thin,
foliaceous. — ClUandra Biichanani, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xiv. (1899), 3. Beih. 118.

Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; Shire Highl.inds,
Buchanan, ! Mount Mlanji, Brown ! Masuka Plateau, in forests, 6500-7000 ft.,
Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan (coll. 1891 without number) I and
:220 and 286 partly !

This is said to yield india-rubber. A barren specimen collected by Buchanan
(138), at 5000 ft., near Blantyre, may be a slightly hairy form of this species. The
leaves are exactly like those of L. Buchananii, but the ])etioles of some of them, as
well as some of the very young branches and tendrils, are more or less covered with
short, stiff, fine hairs. Buchanan describes it also as an india-rubber plant. The
tendrils are very slender, long and branch-hooked.

4. L. Cameronis, Stapf. A climbing shrub with long slender
liook-branched tendrils from the branch-forks, quite glabrous ; young
branches brown or reddish-brown, dotted and often rough with numerous
ienticels. Leaves oblong, subovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obscurely
4xnd obtusely acuminate or subobtuse, rounded (rarely subacute) at the
base, 2-3 in. long, ^-Ih in. broad, chartaceous or thinly coriaceous,
faintly glossy above ; midrib slender, channelled above, slightly raised
below; secondary nerves extremely slender, 10-15 on each side, rather
spreading, straight, connected close to the margin by flat equally fine
arches ; network of veins delicate, very inconspicuous, faintly impressed
above ; petiole LJ lin. long. Corymbs small, 4-8-flowered, moderately
dense, glabrous, shortly peduncled, much shorter than the uppermost
leaves; bracts small, oblong or ovate, or the uppermost rotundate,
obtuse; pedicels up to iHin. long. Calyx slightly over 1 lin. long,

yC Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Laiidolphia,

quite glabrous ; sepals broad, ovate, obtuse, brown with pale thin margins
when dry. Corolla dirty whitish when dry, quite glabrous ; tube sub-
cylindric, slightly widened at or just below the middle, 4-4 J lin. long;
lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, up to H iin. long, 1 J lin. broad, often twisted.
Stamens inserted just below the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers
ovate-lanceolate, subacute, 1 lin. long. Ovary depressed-ovoid, 10-
sulcate, glabrous ; style and stigma about 1 lin. long ; stigma shortly
cyJindric with a thickened base, bifid.

BKozamb. 91st. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Naiuasi, Cameron, 1 I
111

This differs from i. Btichananii in the slightly smaller leaves, the somewhat
looser corymbs and larger flowers with proportionately longer corolla-lobes. These
are much whiter wdicn dry than in L. Btichananii and more or less twisted instead
of straight as in the latter.

f). L* leonensis, Stwpf. A scandent shrub with sensitive inflor-
escences acting as tendrils; young branches rather stout, densely
covered with a delicate fulvous tomentum, intermixed with short stiff
spreading hairs which soon rub off'. Leaves obovate-oblong, abruptly
and acutely acuminate, minutely cordate at the base, G-7 in. long,
about 3 in. broad, thinly coriaceous, densely fulvo-tomentose in bud,
nearly glabrous when adult, dark brown above, reddish-brown below
when dry ; midrib and secondary nerves channelled above, prominent
below ; secondary nerves about C on each side, rather oblique, almost
straight, connected by more or less conspicuous arches rather close to
the margin ; transverse veins distinct, rather distant ; network of veins
very delicate, faintly raised on both sides ; petiole stout, 3 lin. long.
Corymbs dense, many-flowered, at the ends of the remote divaricate or
recurved short rather slender branches of long narrow peduncled
panicles, lower parts of the panicle finely fulvo-tomentose, upper more
or less minutely hirsute to glabrous ; peduncle about 3 in. long, mode-
rately stout ; rhachis up to 9 in. long; lower branches up to IJ in.
loi^ ; bracts minute, rounded, ciliate; pedicels glabrous, up to IJ lin.
long, rather slender. Calyx 1 J lin. long ; .sepals ovate or oblong, obtuse,
rigidly ciliolate, otherwise glabrous or almost so. Corolla glabrous
without or with a few scattered hairs in the upper part ; tube sub-
cylindric, gi^adually and slightly widened from the base to a little above
the lower third of its length, then much attenuated, over 10 lin. long;
lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, 4 lin. long. Stamens inserted about 3 lin.
above the base ; anthers oblong, acute, over 1 lin. long. Ovary shortly
ovoid, glabrous, abruptly contracted into the style ; style and stigma
3-^ lin. long ; the latter cylindric from a thicker base which exudes a
waxy substance.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Barter!

6. L. senegalensis, Kotschy d- Feyr. PI, Tin7i.-31. A dense
shrub up to 24 ft. high, or more commonly a stiong climber, glabrous
except the inflorescences; tendrils long, branched ; young branches pale
or almost black when dry, dotted with minute lenticels. Leaves oblong,

Landolphia.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (stapf). 37

shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, subacute or rather obtuse at the
base, 3—1: in. long, IJ-l J in. broad, thinly coriaceous, glossy and dark
above, much paler beneath ; midrib fiat or slightly convex above, dis-
tinctly raised below; lateral nerves 8-10 on each side, oblique, very
fine above, somewhat stouter and more distinctly raised beneath ; mar-
ginal arches inconspicuous ; veins neatly anastomosing and raised on
both sides ; petiole 3-5 lin. long. Flowers in terminal shortly peduncled
many-flowered rather dense fulvo-pubescent cor3'mbs or short semi-
globose panicles ; peduncle rather slender, ^-1 in. long ; bracts ovate,
obtuse, like the pedicels fulvo-pubescent, the latter up to 1\ lin. long.
Calyx fulvo-pubescent, J-1 lin. long ; sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla sweet-
scented ; tube yellowish, slender, slightly widened below the middle,
pubescent without, hairy within, (i-G^ lin. long; lobes linear-oblong,
■obtuse, pure white with a yellow base, 8-9J lin. long, 2J lin. broad, ^
glabrous. Anthers linear-oblong. Ovary subtruncate, glabrous except
for a few very minute adpressed hairs in the upper part. Style and
stigma 1| lin. long, the latter cylindric, shortly bifid. Fruit orange-
coloured with grey patches, ovoid to globose, 2J to almost 4 in. long,
top slightly depressed, pericarp elastic; seeds 15-20, embedded in a
yellow watery pulp.— Radlkofer in Abh. Naturwiss. Ver. Bremen,
viii. 39G ; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 407 ; Dew^vre, Caoutch.
Afric. Monogr. Landolph. 34 ; Sadebeck in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xiv. (1896), 3. Beih. 121 ; Moller in Tropenpfl. i. (1897) 187;
Jumelle, PI. a Caoutch. et a Gutta, 50 ; Warb. in Tropeijpfl. iii. (1899)
313, Kautschukpfl. 119-121 ; Morris in Journ. Soc. Arts, xlvi. 775;
Hua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris v. (1899) 183-185, vi. (1900) 311,
not iii. (1897) 325; Mikosch in Wiesner, Rohstofie, ed. 2, i. 302;
Henriques, Kautschuk, Tab. iii. ; Hua & Chevalier in Journ. de Bot.
XV. (1901), 79, fig. 4. B. L.Jioriday var. seiiegalensis, Hallier f. Kaut-
schuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899) 94.
Landolphia sp., Bentham in Hook. Niger Fl. 445. L. comoretisis, and
\2iV.Jlorida, Dewevre, I.e. IC, 18 (partly). Vahea senegalensis, A. DC.
Prod. viii. 328 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fi. 445 ; Collins, Caoutch. Rep.
20; F.v. Mueller in Wittstein, Org. Constit. Plants, 258, 268; L. Planch.
Prod. Apocyn. 307.

Upper Guinea. Senegaiubia : forests of Albre^a, Leprieur ; lie aux Chiens
and QsiSAWWime, Leprieur ; Kombo {Qfomho"?), Heudelot, 29! Gambia, Skues ! ooiia-
inon near Kan and Kousann by the Oambia, Perrotet, 792! Senegal, Jtoger !
^e^Zamy, 309, 459, 474, 522. Portuguese Guinea : Hissao, TVaww. French Guinea:
Marigot de Coliiuini, between Niagasola and Kita, Paroisse, 35 ; banks of the
Niger, near Kouroussa (Kurusa), Paroisse, 19 ; Bakhoy Valleyj Lecard, 74 ! Futa
Jallon ; near Kouroufi, Paroisse, 13 partly ; D.mdoum, Noury.

\zr. glahrifl&ra, Hua, I.e. v. 185. Intiorescence perfectly glabrous.

Upper Guinea. Gambia : by the Gambia Kivcr, Whitfield ! French Guinea :
hanks of the Kiver Nigei', near Kouroussa (Kurusa), Pa?-ow'^tf, 13 partly; 8ikoto,
between Kita and Ningasola, Paroisse, 32, 83 ; hanks of the Bakhoy Kivcr, near
Tokoto, Paroisse, 38 ; near Farana on the Niger, Scott-EUiot, 5345 !

Hallier also refers to L. senegalensis, a plant from Accra, on the (Jold Coast, sent
toTraun in 1892, with the habit of that species, hut with a densely, though minutely,
iiairy ovary. The species is certainly closely allied to L.fiorida ; but it is suialler

38 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (stapf). [Landolpkia,

in all ]>arts, and has a glabrous or almost glabrous ovary. This species is very commori
throughout Senegambia and French Guinea, extending cast- and northwards almost
as far as Timbuctu, according to Hiia and Chevalier, I.e. 79 ; it yields no rubber.

7. I*, fiorida, Benth. in Hook. Niger FL 444. A very talU
powerful, climbing shrub, glabrous except the inflorescences; tendrils-
long, flagelliform, branched, pseudo-axillary or distinctly terminal ;
young branches dark red- or black- brown, dotted with numerous
small lenticels. Leaves very variable, usually elliptic to elliptic-
oblong, or ovate or oblong, obtuse, rarely shortly acuminate (in
barren shoots very rarely caudate), rounded at the base, 3-7 in.
long, 2j-3 in. broad, coriaceous, glossy, and dark green above, paler
beneath, brown when dry ; midrib flat or slightly convex above, much
^ raised beneath ; lateral nerves 8-10 on each side, oblique, fine above,
stoviter and more distinctly raised beneath ; marginal arches usually
inconspicuous ; veins loosely anastomosing and slightly raised beneath ;
petiole rather stout, 4-8 lin. long. Flowers in terminal, shortly
peduncled, many-flowered, dense, tomentose or pubescent corymbs
(very rarely in elongate panicles with the habit of the tendrils) ;.
peduncle stout, rarely more than a few lines long ; bracts small, ovate,
acute or obtuse, like the very short pedicels densely pubescent to-
tomentose. Calyx pubescent to tomentose, about H lin. long; sepals
ovate, subacute or obtuse. Corolla yellow near the mouth, otherwise
white, sweet-scented, rather variable in size ; tube slender, slightly
widened below the middle, densely pubescent to tomentose without,
usually 8-11 lin. long; lobes linear-oblong or more or less spathulate,.
as long as the tube or slightly longer (rarely to 15 lin. long), 2i-5-
lin. wide, pubescent without towards the base. Anthers linear-oblong.
Ovary truncate, densely tomentose in the upper part. Style and
stigma 2 J lin. long, the latter cylindric, shortly bifid. Fruit more or
less globose, sometimes with mammillate tips, yellow, citron-like, up
to 4 in. in diam. ; pericarp :} lin. thick with a thin concentric scle-
renchymatous layer ; pulp yellow ; seeds 0-7 lin. long.— Walp .Ann. iii.
29; kotschy & Peyr. PI. Tinn. 30, t. 18, A.; Collins, Rep. Caoutch.
27 ; Schweinf. in Corresp. Blatt Afrik. Gesellsch. ex Just, Jahresb.
1876, 1127 ; Christy, Kew Comm. Plants, i. 8, and New Comm. Plants,
and Drugs, vi. 54 ; Dyer in Kew Report, 1880, 39 ; Moloney, Forestry
West Afr. 382 ; Radlkofer in Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, viii. 306 ;
Ficalho, PI. Dteis Afr. Portug. 21 6-219 ; Sadebeck in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. iii. (1886), Ixxvi. and in Kulturg. Deutsch. Kolon».
273; Kew Bulletin, 1892, 68; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 402
and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 121; Millen in Kew
Bulletin, 1893, 183; L. Planch., Prod. Apocyn. 140, 314-316; Chimani
in Bot. Centralb. Ixi. (1895) 456; J. R. Jackson in Bull, of Pharm.
xi. (1897) 255 ; Jumelle, PI. a Caoutchouc et a Gutta, 54-56, fig. 8 ;
Morris in Journ. Soc. Arts, xlvi. 774, 780; Warb. in Tropenpfl. iii.
(1899), 311, fig. G. and Kautschukpfl. 1 17, fig. G ; Liebeit in Tropenpfl.
iv. (1900) 367; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (181)9), 3. Beih. 89; Henriques, Kautschuk^

LandolphiaJ] lxxxiv. apocynace.e (staff), 31>

1899, Tab. iii. iv. ; Schlechter, Westafiik. Kautschuk-Exped. 67, 81 , fig.
on p. 08 ; De Wild, ct Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo,
Bot. ser. iii. fasc. 2, 145. L. comorensis, v&r.Jfoi'ida, K. Schiim. in Eugl.
Jahrb. XV. (1892) 409, 404, fig. 1 B. & 405, fig. 2 ; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Atr.
A. 70, 70, 91 ; B. 225, 440-447, 450-454, fig. 19 on p. 450, fig. 20 on
p. 458 ; C. 315; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 121, ISO, 128, fig.
50, B. 129, fig. 51 ; Engl. Glied. Veg. Usambara, 37 ; Dewevre Caoutch.
Afric. Monogr. Landolph. 18 ; Yogtbeir in Kobler, Mediz. Pfl. iii. 13
with plate; Moller in Tropenpfl. i. (1897) 188; Sadebeck, Kulturg.
Deutsch. Kolon. 274, fig. 105 ; Warb. in Tropenpfl. iii. (1899) 222, 310 ;
Kautsehukpfl. 110-119 ; Mikosch in Wiesner, Rohstofie, ed. 2, i. 362 ;
Henrique?, Kantschuk, 1899, 17; Chevalier, Geogr. bot. Senegal et
8oudan, 223. Vahea florida, F. v. Miiell. in Wittstein, Org. Constit.
Plants, 258, 20s ; Select Extratrop. Plants, ed. 3, 344. Pacouriajlorida
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 002.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Scott-Elliot, 4896 ! 5109 ! Gold Coast, Johnson,
749 ! liorlhcott in Herh. Johnson, 151 ! Togo : near Bisniankburg, Kling, 172 !
JBiiftner, 578! 756! Kirkri, hy the Xgalo Kiver, 1000 ft., Kersting, 4! Lajjos :
Moivlar.d! J/iV^ew, 118 ! 166 ! Pwwr//, 45 ! Niger Protectorate : by the Kivtr Quorra
(Niger), Vogel, 101 ! Nupe, Barter, 914 ! Camerooiis : near Baronihi, Preuss,
216 ! 4il ! Y-.'unde, Zenker! Joh.ann Alhrechts-Hohe, Standi, 487 ! 889 !

Wile I.and. Gallabat : by the Chor Kol<i, in damp, shady woods, Schtcein-
ftirth, 1661! 1662! British East Afrika : Bongo, Schweinfurth, 2162! ser. III.,
69! nengIin,2Q. 4cb\ Garstin. Mittu; Kero, Schtveinfurth, 2^04= \ Jm-, Schtvein-
ftirth, 1351! 1611, 2840. Muro's Territory, river banks, Petherick ! Uganda,
Wilson, 61 ! Scott-ElHot, 7201 ! 7202 ! Lake Victoria ; Burunia Island, Johnston!
Sessc Islands, very abundant, Whi,te I Stnhlmann, 1214! by the Kiver Tana,
Thomas, 5; Mombasa, Kersten ! Hildehrandt, 1171 1 Kirk !

Xiower Guinea. Loanjjo: Chinehocho, Soyanx, 22.\ by the Qnilu Kiver,
Pechiiel Losche. French Congo : Mayombe, ioJ^rewf. Portuguese Congo : Landana,
Dewevre, 219! Lower Congo: Matiba Island, Detvevre, 2C4 ! Mouth of tlie
Congo, Smith] Mission Cabra, Tilman ! Ki^antu, Gillet, 86! 1001! Angola,
Mechoto, 158 I 505 ! Biichner, 615 1 Wehvitsch, 5929 ! 5926 I 6006 ! Monteiro !

Soutli Central. Congo Free State: Boukoya, Descamps ! _ Lukolela,
Bemense, 457! Bumba, Deu-erre, 886a ; Wabundu, Dewevre, 1141a; Mtowa,
Descamjjs ! Marungu, De Beerst !

Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, rare, Hildelrandf. German East Africa : jifar
Igitschu, Fischer, 375 ! 379 ! Kilimanjaro, 30CO ft., Volkens, 1754 ! 1799 I
Usambara, 1500-4500 ft., Hol^t, 3306! 38C4! Stnhln.ann, 532; Dar es Salaum,
Stv.hlman-i, 51 ! Ugalla Kiver, Bohm, 68a ! 111! 12] a! Rnmb;ra Va'hy nearj.an-
genburg, Goetze, 865 ! Kondelund, 1800 ft., Stolz, 93 ! Usoga, Scoit-Elhot, 7201 !
7262! British Central Africa : Nyasaland, 2000-6000 ft. Melter ! Whyte ! Ki,k !
Buchanan, 220 partly ! 228 !

Var. iS leiantha, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 107. InfloreK-encfS quit.-
glabrous, or the calyx-segments and some of the bracts ciliolate, r.-rely the pedicels
and peduncles partly and scf.ntilv pubescent.— Hallier f. Kautschnklianen in .lahrl.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 93, and in Srhlccbter, ^Ve8l-
afrik. Kautschuk-Exped. 306. L.forida, Bot. Mag. t. 6963 (not Benth.) ; Dyer
in Kew Keport, 1880, 41, 42, not 39. L. comorensis, K. Schmn. in Engl. Jahrb. x\ .
402 and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. B, 454, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 130; Jnmelle, PI. a Caoutch. et a Gutta, 56; Molhr in Tropenpfl. i.
(1897) 187; Sadebeck. Kulturg. Deutsch. Kolon. 272, 276; M.krsch in ^Vie^nfr,

40 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Landolphia.

Rohstoife, ed. 2, i. 362 ; Schlechter, Westa^r. Kautscliuk-Exped. 229 (?). L. como-
rensis, var. fiorida, K. Sclium. in p]iigl. Veget. Uluguru Geb. in Sitz. Ber. Akad.
VVissensch. Berlin, xvi. (1900) 195 and in Engl. Jaiirb. xxviii. 453 (not elsewhere)
€x Hallier f. Vahea comorensis. Boj. Hort. Maur. (1837) 207; DC. Prod. viii. 328,
and in Nova Acta Acad. N^t. Cnr. xxii. ii. (1850), t. 41,' H^s. 4-7; Collins, Caoutch.
Hep. 26; F. v. Muell. in Wittstein, Org. Constit. Plants, 258, 268 ; L. Planch. Prod.
Apocyn. 321. Wilhiqhheia cordata, Klotzscli in Peters, Reisj Mossamb. Bot.
283.

Upper Guinea. Catnemons : Victoria, Deistel, 130 !

WSle I^and. Uganda : Madi, SpeJce Sf Grant, 707 ! British East Africa : Witu,
Thomas, 5 ! Massa, by t'le Tana River, Thomas, 5 partly !

South Central. Congo Free State : La Romeo falh, Duchesne, 3 ! Bonga, at
the junction ot the Sanga juid the Congo, Schlechter, 12679 ! Lukolela, Deivevre,
830a ! Coqnilhatville, Deivevre, 584!

Mozamb. Dlst. Zanzibar : Ngezi Forest, Lyne, 106 ! German East Africa:
Zanguebar, JiTtV^ .' Urn ba Valley, SmiYA .' Ukami; Mkn\a,sii, AbO ft., Stuhlmann^
8664! Uluguru; Lussegwa, 1200 ft., Siuhlmann, 8721! Kidai Hills, 1800 ft.,
Siuhlmann, 9001 ! Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique ; Lion's Creek, 1000 ft.,
Schlechter, 12191 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands, Buchanan,
43! and without particular locality, Buchanan^ 220 partly! and 228 partly (ex
JTallierf.).

The variety L. leiantha is also found in the Comoi'o Islands and Madagascar,
where the typical form has not yet been observed.

Opinions as to the economic value of L. fiorida are highly contradictory.
Schlechter, the latest autliority on the question, says that the plants with which he
experimentel on the Congo did not yield atiy rubber at all; he enumerates however,
the Landolphia comorensis^ K. Schum., from East Africa as one of the most pro-
ductive rubber plants of Africa, and suggests that the plant (known under the same
njime) which does not yield rubber may be a distinct species. So far as morpholo-
gical characters go, there see us to be no difference between the East- and the West-
African L. fiorida as represented in the herbaria at Kew, London, Berlin and
Brussels, except that the only fruits of the var. leiantha, which I have seen
{Buchanan, 43), are only 2-2^ in. long and 1-2-seeded, although evidently quite
mature. As the size of the fruit and number of seeds in each is known to vary con-
siderably in other species, this can hardly be taken as more than an individual or local
variation

8. L. ochracea, /r. Schvm.ex Hallier f.Kautschuklianen in Jahrb.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (] 891)), 8. Beih. 80, t. i. A tall shrub
climbing by means of sensitive inflorescences acting as tendrils ; young
branches stout, with a very minute dense cinnamon-coloured felt
of hairs. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, abruptly and shortly
acuminate, minutely cordate at the base, 8-14 in. long, 4-7 in. broad,
coriaceous, glabrous and glossy above, covered with a delicate cinnamon-
coloured felt of hairs beneath ; midrib and secondary nerves channelled
above, raised below ; secondary nerves 7-10 on each side, oblique,
curved, passing into the large marginal arches; transverse veins con-
spicuous, remote; petiole stout, | in. long. Corymbs dense, many-
flowered, terminal on remote divaricate branches of an elongate
peduncled panicle, which is covered in all parts with a tomentum like
that of the young branches ; peduncle stout, long ; rhachis over 6 in.
long ; branches up to 1 in. long, the upper sensitive like the tips of the

Lajidolphia.] lxxxiv. apocynace.e (staff). -il

rhachis aril acting as tendrils ; bracts ovate, more or less acute or
obtuse, often recurved at the tips, densely f ulvo-tomentose, caducous ;
pedicels stout, very short. Calyx about 2^ lin. long, densely f ulvo-
tomentose without ; sepals broad-ovate, subacute or obtuse, recurved
^t the tips, long ciliate. Corolla glabrous, except for very long cilia on
the lobes ; tube widest abjut or slightly above the middle, subcylindric
at both ends, about 0^ lin. long, mouth narrjA^; lobes ovate-oblong,
subacute, 0 lin. long, 2 lin. broad. Scamens inserted at the middle of
the corolla-tube; anthers 1 lin. long. Ovary depressed, glabrous,
sulcate ; style filiform, 'd lin. long ; stigma cylindric from a thickened
base, 1 lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Camerooiis : Bipinde, 330 ft., Zenker, 1290 !

Var. qlahrafa, Hallier f., l.f. 87. Leaves glabrous on both sides, otherwise vei-y
shiiiliir to tljoseof tlie type.

Upper Guinea (?). Traun !

The variety i< represented oily by ban-en spejimens no v in t'le Vienna Hof-
museuni, received by Dr. Traun of H mibarg from Weit Africa.

'.). Li. eminiana^ Hallier f. Kautschukllanen in Jakrh, Hamburg.
\Visse7isch. Anstalt. xiv. (1890), 8. Belh. S6. A scandent shrub; tan-
tlrils unknown. Young branches densely rusty- or fulvous-tomentose, at
length glabrescent, brown, with a few whitish lenticels. Leaves oblong,
obtuse, rounded at the base, 3J-4 in. long, IJ in. broad, coriaceous,
fulvo-pube scent on both side-} when young, soon glabrescent except
the midrib, glossy and grean above, drab baneith; midrib shallowly
channelled above, much raised beneath; lateral nerves slender, 11-13
on each side, slightly raised on both sides; reticulation distinct and
slightly raised above; petiole '^J-4: lin. long, tomentose. Panicles
terminal, shortly pedancled, tomentose, dense, many-flowered, much
c mtracted or (according to Hallier) elongate, with remote and partly
cirriform branches ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, up to 3 lin. long, villous,
etrly caducous; bracteoles broad-ovate or obovate, very similar to
the calyx-segments, obtuse with recurved tips, more or less hairy ;
pedicels very short, stout. Calyx 2J-3 lin. long; sepals ovate-oblong,
obtuse or subacute, tips reflexed, minutely and densely tomentose
-within, more loosely hairy without. Corolla densely rusty- or fulvous-
tomentose without ; tube 7-9 lin. long, widest about the middle ; lobes
-oblong-linear, obtuse, about o-G lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad, almost
glabrous on the inner side. Stamens inserted at the middle of the
c )rolla-tube ; anthers slightly over 1 lin. long. Ovary densely adpres-
sedly hirsute; style filiform, about 4 lin. long, hairy except on the
upper part ; stigma slender, 1 lin. long, 2-lobed.

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa: Kara^^.ve; Itolio, western shore of
Lake Victoria, 2100 ft., Sfuhlmanii, 930 ! Us-.nao; Mwanza, southern shore of Lake
Victoria, Sfuhlmann, 4662 !

10. L. bracteata, Dewevre, Caoutch. Afr. Monogr. Landolph. 31.
A scandent shrub up to 20 ft. high, with branched tendrils from the

42 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [LandolpMa,

branch-forks ; young branches densely fulvo-hirsute, scarcely glabrescent
when old, and then dotted with conspicuous whitish lenticels. Leaves
elliptic-oblong or oblong, more or less acuminate, rounded at the baseoi-
sometimes obscurely and minutely cordate, 2A-4J in. long, coriaceous,,
subglaucous above when dry, softly fulvo-hirsute on both sides, soon
glabrescent above except on the midrib, permanently hirsute on the-
nerves below ; midrib finely channelled above, prominent below ; secon-
dary nerves 5-7 on each side, slender, curved, passing into and connecteci
by rather distinct arches which are somewhat remote from the margins.,
slightly sunk above, raised beneath ; reticulation obscure, or sometimes
slightly raised and more conspicuous above; petiole 2-2J lin. long, hirsute.
Corymbs small, 6-10-flowered, terminal, subsessile, dense, borne on short
leafy branches or springing from the branch-forks and then pseudo-
axillary ; all the parts of the inflorescence fulvo-hirsute ; bracts
numerous, close to the flowers, subpersistent, ovate-oblong, acuminate^
tips recurved; pedicels stout, extremely short. Calyx 3 lin. long;
sepals ovate to oblong, subobtuse to acuminate, hirsute at least along
the middle, ciliate, finely pubescent within, margins subscarious, midrib
slightly raised. Corolla-tube slender, cylindric slightly swollen at the-
middle, up to 0-8 lin. long, very finely tomentose or pubescent without ;
lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, up to 9-10 lin. long, slightly pubescent
without, otherwise glabrous. Stamens inserted at or just above the^
middle ; anthers lanceolate, acute, 1 lin. long. Ovary ovoid, gradually
passing into the filiform style, densely villous ; style pubescent at the-
base, about 4 J lin. long, including the subcylindric stigma ; stigma-
exuding a waxy substance near the thickened base. Fruit oblong,,
obtuse, truncate at the base, IJ-IJ in. long, | in. thick, glabrous -
pericarp thin with a concentric sclerenchymatous layer; s-eeds 8-12,
ovoid.— Warb. in Tropenpfl. iii. (1899) 812, and Kautschukpfl. 118;
Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt.
xvii. (1899), 8. Beih. 88. Carpodinus calabaricus, Stapf in Kew
Bulletin, 1S94, 19 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.,.
131 ; Jumelle, Plantes a Caoutchouc et a Gutta, 02.

XTpper Guinea. Gold Coast : Abnri, Broion, 391 ! and without precise locality^
Brass ! Old Calabar, Mann, 2242 !

Brown's specimen has a few more or less mutilated tendrils. The youngest of"
them is densely fulvo-hirsute and about 2 in. long, and the short divaricate, slightly
recurved branches are supported by bract-like leaflets, whilst one of them bears a
small cluster of bracts at its end.

11. L. Ijecomteiy Dewevre, Caoutch. Afr. Monogr. Landolph. 25-
A scandent shrub (tendrils unknown) ; young branches finely rufo-
tomentose, glabrescent, dark greyish -brown, with scattered lenticels.
Leaves oblong, acuminate, rounded at the base, about 3 J in. long, \\ in.,
broad, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy above; midrib finely channelled above,,
raised below ; secondary nerves about 8-12 on each side, very slender,,
curved, passing into the fine rather inconspicuous marginal archfs^.
slightly sunk above, prominent below ; reticulation very obscure; petiole
slender, about 3 lin. long. Corymbs terminal, shortly peduncled, 1.0-1 2-

Landol^yhia.] Lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 43

flowered, rusty-tomentose or villous all over; bracts ovate, subacute^
caducous ; pedicels very short. Calyx 2^-3 lin. long, finely pubescent
on both sides ; sepals ovate, broad, acute, subacute, or acuminate ; tips^
recurved ; midrib raised Corolla densely and very finely fulvo-
tomentose without ; tube widest at J from the base or nearly so, slender,
cylindric below, 6-7 lin. long ; lobes oblong- lanceolate, acute, about 7
lin. long, up to 2 lin. broad. Stamens inserted | up the tube ;
anthers ovate, oblong, scarcely 1 lin. long. Ovary ovoici, gradually
narrowed into the filiform style, densely fulvo-villous like the base of
the style ; stigma cylindric, thicker and exuding a waxy substance at
the base. Fruit unknown. — Warb. in Tropenpfl. iii. (1899) 312, and
Kautschukpfl. 118; Hallier f . Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 88.

lower Guinea. French Congo : Kitubi, on the Kuilu River, iecowj^e, B, 100 !

12. L. robusta, Stapf. A scandent shrub, about 20 ft. high, with
sensitive inflorescences acting as tendrils ; young branches dark brown
when dry, covered with an extremely delicate reddish tomentum^
rather stout. Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, or oblong, gradually and
acutely acuminate, rounded at the base, 3 to over 6 in. long, 1 J-2f in.
broad, coriaceous, very delicately reddish tomentose when quite young,
very soon glabrous on both sides, very glossy and daik above, brown,
beneath when dry ; midrib deeply and finely channelled above, much
raised beneath ; secondary nerves 8-11 on each side, oblique, curved,
passing into and connected by more or less distinct arches somewhat
remote from the margin, finely channelled above, raised beneath ; reti«
eulation loose, rather obscure above, very slightly raised on both sides ;
petiole 5-6 lin. long, moderately stout. Panicle long, bearing dense
many-flowered clusters of sessile flowers at the ends of* its divaricate or
recurved or twisted remote branches, very delicately fulvous or reddish
tomentose all over; peduncle and rhachis each 5-7 in. long, stout;
lower branches up to IJ in. long, stout; bracts very small, ovate to
oblong, subacute or obtuse. Calyx slightly over 1 lin. long; sepals
ovate to ovate-oblong, obtuse, finely rufous-tomentose. Corolla deli-
cately rufous-tomentose without ; tube slender, widened above the base,
cylindric from 2-2^ lin. upwards, 7 lin. long ; lobes oblong, obtuse,.
S lin. long, ciliate. Stamens inserted Ij lin. above the base; anthers-
ovate-lanceolate, acute, over J lin. long. Ovary ovoid, passing into the
filiform style, minutely and adpressedly tomentose ; style and stigma
about 1 lin. long, the latter cylindric from a thickened base, bifid.
Fruit unknown. — L. scandens (?), Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 79. Ancylo-
hothrijs rohusta, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 92 (name only).
L. Mannii, De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo,
Bot. ser. 2, fasc. 2, 146 (?).

Ibower Guinea. Spanish Gaboon : Muni (Danger) Kiver, J/aww,.l76-i!

Pierre, I.e., quotes "Mann, 1714" (Cote du Gabon) as the type of his Ancyloboihrys-
rohvsta ; but there is no doubt that it should be Mann, 1764, the former being a

44 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Landolphia .

species of Aniidesma in the Kew set. De Wildeman and Durand quote L. Mannii,
as collected by Dewevi'e, 885, near Bumba on tlie Upper Congo. Although the
determination is attributed to me, I have no note or recollection of it. It may have
been named by Dewevre himself, who, however, mixed up L. robusta, L. Klninei
and Clitandra rohustior. If Dewevre's 885 is one of them, it can only be L.
robusta, if I may judge from his note quoted by De Wildeman and Durand.

13. !■• scandenSy Didr. in Vidensk. Meddel. Naiurh. Foren.
Kjobenhavn, 1855, 190. A iscandent shrub, with sensitive inflorescences
acting as tendrils ; young branches minutely rusty-tomentose, at lengtli
slightly glabrescent, dark reddish-brown or almost black, scantily
dotted with whitish lenticels. Leaves oblong to lanceolate-oblong,
obscurely or distinctly shortly and obtusely acuminate, rounded (rarely
subacute) at the base, 2^-4 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, thinly coriaceous,
very scantily pubescent on both sides when quite young, soon glabrescent,
dark green and glossy above, much paler beneath ; midrib channelled
above, raised below; secondary nerves much spreading, 12-15 on each
side, almost straight, very slender, faintly raised on both sides, alter-
nating with still finer tertiary nerves, all the nerves and the delicate
network of veins dark brown or black below ; marginal arches flat ;
petiole up to 3 lin. long. Panicle elongate, peduncled, bearing dense
clusters of many sessile flowers at the ends of its spreading or recurved
branches, finely rusty tomentose all over; rhachis (2-5 in. long) or
some of the branches acting as tendrils ; peduncle 2-4 in. long, slender ;
bracts oblong, acute, tomentose. Calyx rusty-tomentose, IJ-lJ ^i'^-
long ; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, more or less laterally compressed in
the upper half, and therefore apparently acuminate. Corolla 1 J-l| in.
long in bud; tube slender, cylindric, about 9-12 lin. long, slightly
widened and staminiferous about lJ-2 lin. above the base, very
minutely pubescent, usually along 5 fine longitudinal lines, otherwise
glabrous, yellow at the base, turning purple ; lobes linear-oblong,
obtuse, 5-8 lin. long, ciliate, snow-white. Anthers ovate, oblong, acute,
scarcely 1 lin. long. Ovary globose, top very minutely rufo-papillose.
Style and stigma scarcely IJ lin. long, the latter cylindric from a thicker
base, bifid. Fruit globose, of the size of a small apple, finely tomentose
when young. — L. scandens, vars. genuina and coriacea, Hallier f. Kaut-
schuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3.
Beih. 80, 81. L. peter siana, J umeWe, PI. a Caoutch. eta Gutta, 57 partly ;
Warb. Kautschukpfl. 118 partly; Henriques, Kautschuk, Tab.iii., not of
Dyer. L. petersiana, var. crassifolia, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 402
408, t. xii. fig. A ; Dewevre, Caoutch. Afr. Monogr. Landolph. 29 (excl.
syn. and the East African specimens) ; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr.
B. 462; Moller in Tropenpfl. i. (1897) 187,188. L. j)etersiana, var. mucrb-
nata, Dewevre, I.e. 30 (partly ?). Z. Welwitschii, Dyer ex De Wild. <fe
Durand, Peliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3, fasc. 2, 146.
Ancyhhothrys mawi?/iosa, Pierre, vars. cQ'ossifolia and mucronata^ Pierre in
Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 92. Pacmii-ia crassifolia, Hiern in Cat.
Afr. PI. Welw. i. 663. Strychnos acandeiis^ Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr.
Guin. PI. 127; DC. Prod. ix. 13.

Upper Ouinea. Gold Coast : Krobo plains, Johnson, 494 ! and without precise

Landolphia.] Lxxxiv. APocYNACEiE (staff). 45

locality, Thonniiiff ! Dsbhomey, Poisson ! Newf on, 121 Lagos: ne%r IWaro, Millen,
105 ! and without precise locality, Moloney !

Xower Guinea. Gaboon, A7aine, 591 ! 10h9 ! Thollon, 7o6; Loango; Chin-
chocho, Soyaux, 21! Lower Congo; between Poiti and Clioa, Dewcvre, 393?
Angola : Golungo Alto; mountain forests of Queta, near Cahunha and in Sobato- de
Bumba, Welwitsch, 5927 ! by the Lone River, Marques !

14. L. Tayloris, Stapf. A scandent shrub with sensitive inflor-
escences acting as tendrils ; young branches very minutely and often
obscurely pubescent, soon glabrescent, blackish-brown, at length rough
with small lenticels. Leaves oblong to lanceolate-oblong, gradually
narrowed into a short obtuse acumen, obtuse or subacute at the base
3-3^ in. long, l-l\ in. broad, thinly coriaceous, quite glabrous, dark
green and glossy above, paler beneath ; midrib channelled above, raised
below ; lateral nerves subhorizontal, straight, up to 18 on each side
very slender, faintly raised on both sides, middle ones alternating with
still fainter parallel tertiary nerves, all the nerves and the delicate
network of the veins dark brown belov/ ; marginal arches flat ; petiole
up to 2J lin. long. Panicle elongate, peduncled, bearing dense clusters
of few sessile flowers at the ends of its spreading or recurved branches ;
rhachis (H-3 in. long) or branches acting as tendrils, extremely
minutely pubescent or glabrescent all over ; peduncle 2-3 in. long,
very slender; bracts at the base of the branches ovate, acuminate,
upper ovate, obtuse, finely rusty- tomentose. Calyx finely rusty-
tomentose, scarcely over 1 lin. long; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse or
subacute. Corolla about 11-lG lin. long in bud ; tube slender, cylindric,
slightly inflated and staminiferous just above the calyx, 4^-6 lin. long,
very minutely pubescent, usually only along 5 fine longitudinal lines ;
lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, 8-11 lin. long, flexuous, ciliolate. Anthers
ovate-oblong, acute, f lin. long. Ovary depressed-globose; top very
minutely velvety. Style and stigma scarcely IJ lin. long, the latter
cylindric from a thickened base.

ITile Ziand. British East Africa : Rabai Hills, near Fjmbine, Taylor !

15. L. pachjrphyllay Stapf. A scandent shrub with sensitive
inflorescences acting as tendrils ; young branches very delicately rusty-
pubescent, reddish, soon glabrescent, dotted with pale lenticels. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate or oblong, gradually tapering into a very acute acumen,
obtuse or shortly subacute at the base, 2^-B^ in. long, 1-1 J in. broad,
very coriaceous, very minutely and scantily f urfuraceous when young,
soon glabrescent, bright yellowish-green and shining above, dull below ;
midrib channelled above, raised below ; lateral nerves up to 20 on each
side, horizontal, straight, very faintly raised on both sides ; reticulation
very delicate, yellowish above, inconspicuous below ; marginal arches
flat, obscure ; petiole up to 4 lin. long, slender. Panicle elongate,
peduncled, bearing dense clusters of many sessile flowers at the ends of
the spreading or recurved branches, the rhachis (rarely more than 2 in.
long) or branches often acting as tendrils, delicately pubescent all over ;

46 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (sTAPP) [Laiidolpkia,

peduncle 3-4 in. long. Calyx delicately rusty-tomentose, 1 lin. long;
sepals ovate, subobtuse. Corolla up to almost 10 lin. long in bud ;
tube 3 lin. long, globosely inflated just above the calyx, very slender,
pubescent to almost villous; lobes linear-oblong, subacute, 5-0 J lin.
long, margins woolly with white hairs. Stamens inserted about 1 lin.
above the base of the corolla. Ovary tomentose.

Mozamb. Slst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan (1895 coll.),
140!

IG. L, amoena, Hua in Journ. de Bot. xv. (1901) 8, lQ,Jig. 3. A
shrub 6-12 ft. high; branches pendulous, reddish- velvety from lon^
hairs when young, finally glabrescent, brown, with numerous minute
lenticels. Leaves oblong or ovate, shortly and acutely acuminate,
rounded at the base, 2J-4 in. long, IJ-lf in. broad, rigidly papery,
reddish-pubescent on both sides when quite young, soon glabrescent ;
midrib channelled above, prominent below ; secondary nerves slightly
oblique, very slender, straight or slightly curved, 12 on each side, con-
nected by rather bold unequal arches ; reticulation delicate ; petiole
scarcely 2 lin. long, pubescent. Panicles elongate, sensitive, bearing
very dense clusters of many sessile flowers at the ends of the distant
branches, which often act as tendrils ; bracts resembling the sepals.
Calyx rufo-tomentose, 1-1|^ lin. long; sepals lanceolate-ovate, acute.
Corolla white, sweet-scented ; tube inflated near the base, 5-6 lin. long,
rusty-tomentose ; lobes oblong, obtuse, about as long as the tube, long
ciliate. Stamens inserted just above the calyx ; anthers acute. Ovary
depressed-globose, densely tomentose. Fruit pyriform, pubescent when
young, afterwards more or less globose, subapiculate, 5-15 lin. in diam. ;
rind smooth, very thin ; seeds few, 1-6 lin. long, embedded in a sweetish
yellowish-brown pulp. — L. scandens, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1809), 3. Beih. 79 partly.
Ancylohotrys aiivena, Hua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, v.-(1899) 186.
Upper Guinea. French Guinea : Kouroussa (Kurusi), on the Upper Niger,
Paroisse !

According ta Hua and Chevalier, I.e. 78, it is common in Futa Jallon and as
far as Beledougou (Bambara), in French Guinea. Very closely allied to, and pirhaps
not specifically distinct from L. ferruginea.

17. L. ferruginea, Stapf. A scandent shrub with sensitive in-
florescences acting as tendrils ; young branches densely rusty-tomentose,
very late glabrescent, and then blackish with numerous minute lenticels.
Leaves ovate-oblong or oblong, subacuminate, obtuse at the base, 3-5^
in. long, 1 J-2 J in. broad, coriaceous, rusty-pubescent on both sides when
quite young, soon perfectly glabrescent ; midrib finely channelled above,
very prominent below ; lateral nerves oblique, slightly curved, 9-10 on
each side, connected by unequal bold or flat usually inconspicuous arches,
slender, rather inconspicuous above, distinct and raised below ; reticula-
tion fine, distinct below ; petiole 3-5 lin. long, rusty-tomentose. Panicle
elongate, sensitive, bearing very dense many-flowered clusters at the ends
of the distant spreading or recurved branches, all parts rusty-tomentose ;

Zandolphia.] Lxxxiv. apocynace^ (stapf). 47

bracts at the base of the branches subulate-acuminate from an ovate
base, up to 2 lin. long, upper ones passing into the calyx-segments.
Oalyx 1—1 J lin. long, rusty-tomentose ; sepals lanceolate-ovate, subacute
or subacuminate. Corolla white, fragrant ; tube widest Ij lin. above
the base, slender, cylindric above, 6^-7 lin. long, finely tomentose
without ; lobes as long as the tube, oblong, subobtuse, long ciliate along
the outer edge. Stamens inserted near the base ; anthers linear-oblong,
acute. Ovary depressed-globose, densely tomentose except at the very
base ; style glabrous. Young fruits pyriform-globose, fulvo-pubescent,
or glabrescent, often asymmetrically apiculate by the persistent style
base which is thrust aside by the unequal growth of the fruit. —
L. scandeiis, var. fen-iigiiiea, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xiv. (1899), 3. Beih. 80, partly.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Aquapira Hills, Johnson, 782 ! Western
Lagos : interior, Roivland !

18. Ij. petersiana. Dyer in Kew Report, 1880, 42. A scandent
shrub with sensitive inflorescences acting as tendrils ; young branches
minutely rusty-pubescent to tomentose, soon glabrescent, reddish or
finally greyish-brown with numerous small lenticels. Leaves elliptic
or elliptic -oblong, subacute or more commonly obtuse at both ends,
:3J-4J in. long, lJ-2 in. broad, coriaceous, loosely pubescent on both
.sides when quite young, soon glabrous, usually blackish and somewhat
glossy above when dry, pale beneath ; midrib channelled above, raised
below ; secondary nerves oblique, distinctly curved, 6-8 (rarely 10) on
each side, finely channelled above, distinctly raised below ; tertiary
nerves more or less irregular and like the fine network of veins usually
distinct, brown, scarcely raised ; marginal arches obscure ; petiole about
:3 lin. long. Panicle short or elongate, peduncled, bearing clusters of
many sessile flowers at the ends of short spreading or recurved branches ;
branches or rhachis often acting as tendrils, finely rusty-pubescent or
glabrescent all over; peduncle 1-4 in. long, slender ; rhachis 1-1^ in.
long, lowest branches from a few lines to 1 in. long; bracts ovate-
lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acute or subacute, rusty-pubescent or
tomentose. Calyx about 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, more
or less laterally compressed in the upper half, rusty-pubescent or
tomentose. Corolla white, sweet-scented, rather variable in size,
8-13 lin. long (rarely longer) in bud ; tube slender, cylindric, about 3-4 J
lin. long, slightly wider and staminiferous 1-1 J lin. above the base,
minutely and equally pubescent above the widening ; lobes obliquely
oblong or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, 6-8 lin. long, curled-ciliate.
Anthers ovate-oblong, acute, not quite 1 lin. long. Ovary globose,
very minutely rufo-tomentose. Style and stigma 1 lin. long, the latter
cylindric from a thicker base, bifid. Fruit globose, up to 2^ in. in diam.,
finely velvety ; pericarp leathery, up to 2 lin. thick, without a sclerenchy-
matous layer; seeds 4-9 lin. long.— Ficalho, PI. Uteis Afr. Portug. 219;
K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xv. (1892) 406 ; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn.
319 ; Dewevre, Caoutch. Afr. Monogr. Landolph. 27 partly ; Jumelle,
PI. a Caoutch. et a Gutta, 57 partly ; Morris in Journ. Soc. Arts, xlvi.

48 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (stapf). [Landolphia..

775, 780; Waib. in TiopenpH. iii. (1899) 222, and Kautschukpfl. IIH
partly ; Sadebeck, Kulting. Deutsch. Kolon. 272 pjiitly? Henrique^..
Kautj-cbuk, Tab. iv. ; Scbinz in Mem. Heib. Boiss. x. 1900, 57 ; Hcok,
Ic. Pb t. 27 5G ined. L. j^eiersiana, var. aaf^siJcUa, Dew^vre, be. 29
partly; Engl. Glitd. Vfg. Fb Usambaia, 2(5; Mikosch in Wiesner,
Echstcfle, (d. 2,i. 362, not of K. Sebum. L. peiersm7>a^ \i\.T.rotiindifolia,
Dfewevre, be. 30. L. scandeois, vars. petersiana, roiioidifolia, and atuhh
ma7i7iiana, Hallier f. Kautscbuklianen in Jabrb. Hamburg. Wissenscb.
An&talt. xvii. (b890), 3. Beib. 82, 83. L.senevsis, K. Sebum, in Engl.
Pfl. Ost-Afi'. B. 453. Aiicyloloihrys 2Jfteo-sici'iici, and var. fcrhesianvy
Pierie in Bulb See. Linn. Pfaris, 1898, 91 ; Scbinz, be. A . rotundifolia ,
Pierre, be. 92. Willvghheia ftUrsiana anel W\ sinensis, Klotzscb in
Peters, Eeif-e Mos^amb. Bot. i. 281, 282.

irile Iiand. British East Africa: Mombasa and vicinity, A'lV^ .' Giryaroa
and Shimba Mountains, Taylor! Kilimanjaro Expedition, 30-40 miles from the
sea, Johnston !

Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Stuhlmann, 475, 828, 340, 352; Schmidt, 121
Geim.an East Africa : foot of Kilimanjaro, at Kilema, 3000-40CO ft., Ker&ten !
Ugambara; Amboni Hill, -ffoZ^f, 2563 ! Tanga, Volkens, 17^1 FanigSini, Stuhlmariiiy
154! 66! Usaramo; Bagamojo, A'lrA- ./ Siuhlmann, 121 213! 242! Dares Salaam,,
Sivhlmann, 7345! 7727! 7501 ! 7856! 7318! Mscroa, 160 ft., Eedde, 21!
Mfsscga, Sluhln:ann, 6052! Kikulu, Siuhlmann, 6798! 6849! Kidenge,
Stuhlmann, 6365 ! Dunda, Stuhlmann, 6509 ! Dilangito, Sivhlmann, 6657 ! Kirwale
Forest near Mafisi, Bvsse, 58! Msenga-Kwa-Punduguru, Bvsse, 100! Useguho,
Stuhlmann, 7C94 ! Usagaia ; Sima Talley, Busfte, 202 ! Portuguese East Africa :
Zambesi Delta; Kong( ne Biver, KirJc, 309! banls tf tbe Luabo Biver, Kirk.
27 ! L(Aver Zanibtsi ; betvieui Lupata and Stna, KirTc! near Stna, Peters ! Kirh !

Var. /S schweinfurihiana, Stai)f. Young branchts and inflon sci nces densely
rusty-velvety. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong; sIk rtly acuminate, rounded or
subacute at tie base, 2-3 in. long, slightly ever 1 in. broad, pubesc«nt on I oth sides.
Corolla-tube 4|-6i lin. long ; lobes 3^ (in mature ?)-6 lin. long — L. scandens, vars.
tchweinfurtJiiana and rigida, Hallier f. I.e. 81.

irile £and. Britisb East Africa : Jur ; Wau, Schweivfurth, 1685 ! Kurshook
Ali's Seriba, Schweinfurth, 1759. Bongo; Biselli, Schiceivfiirth, ser. iii. 67.
German East Africa : Karagwe ; rather dry hills, 4000-5000 ft., Scott-JSlliot, 8167 !
Unyamwezi j Tabora, Stuhlmann, 586.

Var. 7 rufa, Stapf. Young branches and inflorescences densely rufo-tomentose.
Leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded at both ends, 1^-2^ in. long, |-1| in. broad, sparingly
pubescent above, curled-tomentose below; secondary nerves 5-6 on each side. Corolla-
tube about 3 lin. long; lobes 4|-5^ lin. long. — X. scandens, var. ? Hallier f. I.e.
84.

Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Tete, Kirk /
British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan, 437 !

Var. 8 angtisiijolia, Stapf. An erect shrub \\ ith divaricate branches, and tendrils-
from the branch-forks ; young branches rusty-pubescent, short, the older ones greyish-
brown, rough with lenticels. Leaves oblong to lanceolate-oblong, subacute or obtuse,
more or less obtuse at the base, 1^-2 in. long, 4-8 lin. bread, thinly coriaceous, rigid,
glabrous on both sides (except for scanty pubescence on the midrib when young), pale
green; secondary nerves 5-6 on each side, ratber prominent; reticulation faint.
Panicles small, often reduced to a single cluster. Corolla only seen in bud ;
tube almost glabrous, 2 lin. long ; lobes 2^ lin. long {K. Schumann). Ovary densely
and very minutely tx)mento6e in the upper part. — X. scandens^ var. angustifolia j,

Landolphia.] lxxxiv. APocYxXACii.E (stapf). 40

Hallier f. I.e. 47, 84. L. angustifolia, Eii^l. Glied. Veg. Usambara, 3t; in NotizUl.
Koiiigl. Bot. Gart. lierlin, i. (1895) 25; Dewevre, Caoutcli. Afr. Monogr. Land()l])h.
49; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A 74, B 45i, 462, C 315, t. xxxi.v. figs. J-M.;
Pierre in Bull. Sou. Linn. Paris, 1898, 92 ; Sadebeck, Kulturg. Deutsch. Kolon. 272,
273, 276; Waib. in Tropenpti. iii. (1899) 314 and KautschukpH. 120.

Xttozamb. Dlst. German East Africa: Uaanibara; in shrubberies at Mizozuc,
near Bonibuera, Hoist, 2220 !

X. j:^fi/er5m7ia is evidently a very variable plant. It is doubtful if some of tl'ie
varieties admitted here represent more than individual or local states. On the other
hand, therj are indications of the existence of more or less distinct form.?, wliich will
have to be noticed in future. Tlie fruits of the specimens collected by Sir John
Kirk on the Lower Zambesi are exactly globose ; but farther north, in German East
Africa, a form occurs witli almost pear-shaped fruits, solid at the base. Dr. Busse,
who collected it in Donde, proposed the name var. Tubeujii lor it. Kirk's specimen at
Kew from Bagamoyo and Stuhlmann's 6509 and 6657 at Berlin belong to it. Another
conspicuous, but imperfectly known, form was collected by Goetze (884!) on the hill-
sides of the Kande peninsula near Langenburg, Lake Nyasa. It was identified by
Hallier f. I.e. 81, with Rowland's specimen from Lagos described here as L.ferru-
ginea, and enumerated together with it as L. scandens, vsly . ferruginea. The re-
semblance is very great, but the leaves are rather more ovate, more acutely acuminate,
the flowers larger and the young fruits rusty -tomentose, though not so densely and
delicately velvety as in typicdi. petersiana.

19. L. owariensis, Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. 55, t. 34. A more or less
scandent shrub or tree, often very large, with long hook- branched
tendrils (usually more or less modified inflorescences) ; young branches
scantily pubescent, soon glabrescent, dark brown to almost black, dotted
with small yellowish lenticels. Leaves oblong, rarely elliptic or lanceolate,
subacuminate or sometimes distinctly and abruptly acuminate (acumen
obtuse), rarely quite obtuse, subobtuse or subacute at the base, 3-6 in. long,
1-2 J (rarely up to 3 J) in. broad, coriaceous, quite glabrous or finely pubes-
cent in bud, glossy above ; midrib flat or slightly channelled above, promi-
nent below ; secondary nerves 10-15 on each side, oblique, slender, con-
nected by strongly curved zig-zag arches rather close to the margin, like
the reticulating veins more or less raised ; petiole 2-4 lin. long. Panicles
pyramidal or ovoid, shortly pedunoled, many-flowered, finely fulvo-
tomentose (rarely elongate, with distant spreading or recurved branches,
the lower acting as tendrils) ; peduncles |-lj in. long; bracts broad-
ovate, subacute or apiculate, early deciduous, like the very short pedicels
finely fulvo-tomentose. Calyx 1-1 J lin. long, finely f ulvo-tomentose ;
segments very broad, ovate to almost rotundate, acute or obtuse.
Corolla white, soon turning brownish ; tube cylindric, widest between
the middle and mouth, 3 lin. long, more or less pubescent or tomentose
without, at least in the upper half ; lobes oblong, acute, spreading or
reflexed, flashy, lJ-2;^ lin. long, rarely longer, pubescent without,
mouth finely pubescent. Stamens in the upper third of the tube ;
anthers oblong, subobtuse. Ovary depressed, truncate, top finely
tomentose. Style and stigma 2 lin. long, the latter conical, shortly
bifid. Fruit of the shape, size and colour of a middle-sized or small
orange, 1-2J in. in diam., yellow mottled with red, wrinkled ; rind
woody, 2-2J lin. thick ; seeds 5-6 lin. long, — Lam. Illustr. iii. 582, t.

60 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (sTArp). [Laiidol2Jhia.

930; DC. Prod. viii. 320; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 443; Collins,
Caoutch. Report, 27, 28, t. 4 ; Dyer in Kew Report, 1880, 38 ; Moloney,
Forestry West Afr. 84, 382 ; Radlkofer, Abliandl. Naturw. Ver.
Bremen, viii. (1883) 39G ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis Afr. Portug. 214-220;
Kew Bulletin, 1888,253; 1880, G5 ; 1893, 183; K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xv. 409, and in Engl. &, Prantl, Pilanzenfam. iv. ii. 130;
L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 139, 313-319; Dew^vre, Caoutch. Afr.
Monogr. Landolph. 36 ; Chimani in Bot. Centralbl. Ixi. (1895) 45G, t. 2,
figs. 13 and 21 ; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 189 ; Yogtherr
in Kohler, Mediz. Pfl. iii. under Landolphia comorensis partly ; Moller
in Tropenpfi. i. (1897) 188 ; Jumelle, PL a caoutch. et a gutta, 42 ;
Sadebeck, Kulturg. Deutsch. Koloo. 272, 27 G ; Morris in Journ. Soc.
Arts, xivi. 775 ; Warb. in Tropenpfi. iii. (1899) 312 ; Clouth, Gummi,
Gutt. and Balata, 17, fig. 8; Mikosch in Wiesner, Rohstofie, ed. 2,
i. 362 ; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 42-45, 77 ; Henriquez, Kautschuk, Tab.
iii. and iv. ; Warb. Kautschukpfl. 118, 119; Schlechter, Westafrik.
Kautschuk-Exped. 229, fig. on p. 128 ; Hua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, 1900, 309, 311 ; De Wild. Apoc. a latex rec. par Gentil, 17 ; De
Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. iii. fasc. 2,
146. L. ffeudelotii, Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. fig. on
p. 9. L. Gentilii, De Wild. Apocyn. a latex rec. par Gentil, 20 (?).
Vahea owariensis, F. v. Muller in Wittstein, Org. Constit. Plants, 258,
268, and in Select. Extratrop. PI. ed. 3, 344. V. elastica, Klotzsch ex
Schweinf. MS. in Herb. Kew. Pacouria owaj'iensis, Hiern in Cat.
Afr. PI. Welw. i. 661. Pcederia owariensis. Spreng. Syst. i. 669.

Upper Guinea. French Guinea : Konakri, Bouery, Lecerf, Poisson ! between
Bambuya and Tirabo, Poheguin, Susu Country, Scott- Elliot, 3878 ! 4754- ! Sierra
Leone: Afzelius ! Don ! Ivory Coast ; near Baoule, Pohegum. Gold Coast: Krepi Hills,
Johnson, b24: ! 525! Lunte Hills, JohnsonSll ! Aburi Hills, Joh?ison, 282 ! and with-
out precise locality, -Sroicw, 354! D&homey, Foisson ! Lngos : Ajitite, Millen, 168!
Ilorin, Rowland ! Niger Protectorate : Oware, Beauvois ; Onitsa, Barter^ 1773 I
1810 ! Old Calabar, Mann, 2311 ! Caaieroons : Rio del Key, Johnston, 3 ! Victoria
Gardens, Freuss ; Johann Albrechts-Hohe, Staudt, 883.

Kower Cruinea. Corisco Bay, Jfanw, 2311 ! Gaboon: Siha,nge Forest, Biittner,
497. Portuguese Congo : Malemba, near Landana, Fhilipps ! Lalemba, Deivevre,
362 ! Lower Congo : Kisantu, Qillet, 1764 ! Limba, Laurent ! Stanley Pool, Dewev7'e,
737a ! Angola : Quiballa, Monteiro 1 forests of Mussengue, Quilombo, Queta and
Bumba and in the mountains of Alto Queta, Welivitsch, 5930 !

Soutii Central. Congo Free State : Mukenge, by the Lulua River, Fogge,
1044; (Kassai forest, Luja, 267 ! Moucombe, Demeuse, 454 ! both barren branches) ;
between Lake Leopold II. and Lake Tumba, Gentil ; Bolobo, Dewevre, 698 ! Lulonga
River, Dewevre, 811a! Fall Station, Dewtvre, 1158 !

De Wildeman & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr., also refer here a specimen collected near
Stanley Pool [Dewevre, 72Ia), the fruits of which are described by Dewevre as
pyriform.

Var. /3 ruhiginosa, Stapf. Young branches and inflorescences -velvety with soft
flexuous dark rust-coloured hairs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, subacuminate, 3-3.] in.
long, 1-1;^ in. broad, pubescent below, finally more or less glabrescent except on the
midrib, which is more permanently covered with hairs similar to those of tlie young
branches.

Landolphia.] lxxxiv. apocynace.'e (stapf). 51

Upper Guinea. Camerooiis : Yaunde, Zenker, r)38 !

Var. y tomentella, Stapf. Young branches and tendrils densely fulvo-tomentose.
Leaves oblong to elliptic, obtuse or obtusely subacuminate, 2-3^, in. long, 1-1.] in.
broad, quite glabrous above (except on tlie midrib), softly pubescent below when young,
soon glabrescent. Fruit globose, 1] in. in dinni., smooth, dotted with numerous
lenticels; rind 1 lin. thick. — L. owariennis, forma. Dyer in Kew Report 1880, 38.
L. Heudelntii, K. Sebum, in f]ngl. .Tahrb. xv. 407 partly, t, xii. fig. B ; in Engl. PH.
Ost-Afr. B, 44G-459 partly; in Engl, and Prantl, PHanzenfam. iv. ii. 130 partly.
Hallier f. I.e. 75 partly; Hua & Chevalier, in Journ. de Bot. xv. (1901) 70 (not
elsewhere). Carpodinns acidns, Schweinf. Heart of Africa, i. 185, not of Don;
C. sp. Schweinfurth, I.e. 19^.

JTlle I»and. British East Africa : Jur ; Wan, Schtveinfurth, 1GG7 ! Kurshook
Ali's Seriba, Schweinfurth, ser. iii- 70 ! Jur Ghattas, Schivcivfurth, 13771

L. owariensis is one of the principal sources of West African rubber.

L. Gentilii, De Wild., Apocyn. a latex rec. par Gentil, 20, seems to me identical
with L. owariensis. The specimen from which L. Gentilii was described formed
part of a sa.mple of " Bongew," the rest of it being admitted by De Wildeman as
L. owariensis. According to the author the former differs in having somewhat
narrower leaves, a more pubescent corolla-tube (pubescent all over without, except
where it is covei'cd by the calyx), longer corolla-lobes (2.} lin. against 1— Ir, lin. in
L. owariensis), a slightly different stigma and smaller fruits. As to the fruits, the
author himself says that he saw only some very young ones, and Geutil's description
of their being ''small" is too vague and may also refer to immature fruits. The
other differences seem to lie well within the ordinary limits of variation of L.
owariensis.

20. L. Klainei, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 13, 15.
A scandeiit shrub with long branched tendrils (modified inflorescences);
young branches more or less pubescent, soon glabrescent, dark reddish-
brown, dotted with minute whitish lenticels. Leaves oblong, gradually-
tapering to an obtuse or subacute acumen, rounded or shortly subacute
at the base, 5-6 in. long, 1 J to more than 2 in. broad, coriaceous, pubes-
cent when quite young, soon glabrous, somewhat glossy above ; midrib
distinctly sunk above, prominent below; secondary nerves 13-15 on
each side, moderately oblique, very slender, connected by strongly curved
delicate zig-zag arches rather close to tlie margin, like the delicate net-
work of veins slightly raised on both sides ; petiole 2 lin. long, slightly
pubescent in the younger leaves. Corymbs dense, subsessile, many-
flowered, or panicles elongate, with distant spreading branches passing
into tendrils, fulvo-pubescent or finely tomentose all over (including the
calyces) ; bracts oblong to ovate, obtuse ; pedicels very short. Calyx
slightly over 1 lin. long; sepals broad-oblong or ovate, subacute or
very obtuse and apiculate ; midrib often slightly prominent and
acute. Corolla-tube cylindric to the middle, then widened and con-
stricted again below the mouth, 2J lin. long, very finely pubescent
except at the base ; lobes linear, obtuse, slightly shorter than the tube,
finely pubescent along the middle without, mouth very narrow and
very minutely pubescent. Stamens in the upper third of the tube ;
anthers linear-oblong, subacute. Ovary oblong-ovoid, tapering into the
style, top very finely pubescent ; style and stigma almost lA lin. long,
the latter slender-cylindric, bifid. Fruit very large globose, 0-10 in. in

52 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (stapf). [Lci7idolphia.

diam. ; rind hard ; seeds over 50, compressed oblong to almost square
in outline, 1 Jin. long. — Jumelle, PI. a caoutch. et a gutta, 48 ; Mikosch
in Wiesner, Rohstoffe, ed. 2, ;)62 ; Hallierf. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1800), ;^. Beih. 43-45, and in
Bot. Central bl. Ixxxiii. (11)00) 255; Warb. Kautschukpfl. 119; Sclilechter,
Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 81, S2, 229, 306, 83 with fig. L. oivai'iensis
Dew^vre, Caoutch. Afr. Monogr, Landolph. 36 (the Gaboon plant).

Upper Guinea. South-eastern Cameroons : banks of the Jah River, SchlecJiter,
12770.

lower Guinea. Gaboon, KJaine, 850 ! French Congo : near Lake Ouanga or
lonanga. Griffon du Bellay ; bmks of the River Sanga, near Bonga, Schlechter,
12660, and between Bonga and Woso, Schlechter, 12689. Lower Congo, Smith !

Mann's specimen from Corisco Bay, referred to in Kew Report, 1880, 39, as
L. Mannii, Dyer, is almost certainly identical with X. Klainei. It consists only of
a few leaves and some f rnits, not quite so large as in the figui e by Delpy (distributed
by Pierre) from one of Klaine's specimens, but otherwise very similar. They are
covered with an extremely delicate and velvety brovn tomentum, which is not
represented in Delpy's drawing. It is, however, so fine that the fruit appears
smooth, and it may therefore have been overlooked. Mann calls the plant " the
African Rubber plant," whilst Pierre says that L. Klainei is the principal rubber
vine in the Gaboon district. L. Mannii has been quoted very frequently (Moloney,
Forestry West Afr. 382 ; Kew Bulletin, 1892, 68 ; K. Schura. in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 409 ;
L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn, 320; Dewevre, Caoutch. Afr. Monogr. Landolph. 56 partly ;
Morris in Journ. Soc. Arts, xlvi. 775; Jumelle, PI. a caoutch. et a gutta, 45; Warb.
in Tropenpfl. iii. (1899) 314 and in Kautschukpfl. 120; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 98 ; Henriques, Kautschuk,
Tab. iii.), but it seems solely on the authority of the Kew Report for 1880.

21. Li. Dewevrei, Stapf. A scandent (?) shrub ; (tendrils not seen).
Young branches slender, pubescent, at length glabrescent and dotted
with scattered whitish lenticels. Leaves oblong, acuminate (acumen up
to 5 lin. long, linear from a broader base, obtuse), rarely subacute at
the base, 3-4 in. long, IJ- 1 J in. broad, thinly coriaceous, glabrous or
very scantily pubescent on the midrib below when young, reddish-
brown when dry; midrib channelled above, prominent below; secondary
nerves subhorizontal, straight, 11-13 on each side, very slender, slightly
raised below ; reticulation very delicate and inconspicuous ; petiole
slender, l^^-J ^^^- ^^^o- Corymbs terminal or pseudo-axillary, very
shortly peduncled, contracted, small ; peduncle f ulvo-tomentose or
pubescent ; bracts obovate-oblong to ovate, subacute, fulvo-pubescent ;
pedicels very short. Calyx 1^ lin. long ; sepals subscarious, broadly
ovate or oblong, very obtuse, keeled, ciliate, otherwise glabrous or almost
so and shining. Corolla finely pubescent without except at the base ;
tube widest between the middle and the mouth, 2 lin. long, quite
glabrous within ; lobes linear-oblong, as long as or slightly shorter than
the tube. Stamens inserted in the upper third of the tube ; anthers
lanceolate, subacute, J lin. long. Ovary ovoid, gradually passing into
the short style, upper part long villous ; stigma cylindric from a
thickened base, bifid.

South Central. Congo Free State, Dewevre, 888 !

Landolphia.] lxxxtv. apocynace^' (sTArr). 53

22. L. humilis, K. Schum. inSchlechter, Westafr. Kautschuh-Efcped.
SOQ,Jig. 071 p. 288. A small undershrub, scantily branched or pro-
ducing only subherbaceous simple shoots, about ]h ft. high, with scanty
short tendrils ; young branches pubescent to tomentose, at length
glabrescent, dark brown or blackish when dry, old bark dotted with
numerous very minute lenticels. Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-elliptic,
rarely oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate, rounded at the base,
rarely obscurely cordate, 3-4J in. long, l-l|in. broad, thinly coriaceous,
glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath or finally glabrescent; midrib
channelled above, prominent below ; secondary nerves 0-7 on each side,
more or less curved, connected by strongly curved arches approaching
the margins within 1-2 lin., faintly raised like the loosely reticulating
veins ; petiole 1-3 lin. long. Panicles shortly peduncled, small, com-
pact, fulvo-tomentose, rarely elongate with distant spreading or re-
curved branches ; peduncle up to 1 in. long ; bracts broad-ovate, sub-
acute, the lower early deciduous ; pedicels hardly any. Calyx 1 J lin, long,
fulvo-tomentose ; sepals very broad, ovate, obtuse or subacute. Corolla-
tube cylindric, wide, widest between the middle and the mouth, 3-3J
lin. long, more or less tomentose without at least in the upper part,
villous within in the upper third ; lobes oblong, subacute, spreading or
reflexed, fleshy, 2-3 lin. long, finely pubescent on both sides. Stamens
inserted in the upper third of the tube; anthers oblong, subacute.
Ovary turbinate, top convex, finely tomentose. Style and stigma 2 lin.
long, the latter conical, shortly bifid. Fruit of the shape of an ordinary
plum, about IJ in. long, | in. in diam. (or of the size of an apple ac-
cording to Schlechter).

Kower Guinea. Lower Congo : common in savannas and shrubberies near
Stanley Pool, Laurent! Schlechter, 15544.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Lake Leopold, at Malapio, Laurent
(fruit only) !

Very closely allied to L. owariensis, from wliicli it differs only in tlie stunted
growth and the leaves being more rounded at the base and differently nerved. The
flowers are practically indistinguishable. Laurent and Schlechter state that it yields
no rubber.

23. L. Heudelotii, A. DC. Prod. viii. 320. A shrub or climber
up to 30-45 ft. high, with branched tendrils (modified inflorescences) ;
young branches finely pubescent, soon glabrescent or more commonly
fulvo- or rufo-tomentose, at length dark or reddish-brown, dotted with
numerous small whitish lenticels. Leaves oblong to elliptic or sub-
lanceolate, obtusely subacuminate, or obtuse or subacute, obtuse or sub-
acute at the base, 1-3 in. long, f-l^^ in. broad, thinly coriaceous, pubes-
cent on both sides or only on the midrib, or tomentose below, usually
finally glabrescent and glossy above ; midrib scarcely sunk above,
prominent below; secondary nerves 7-10 on each side, oblique, slendei-,
connected by moderately curved fine arches some way witliin the
margin, slightly raised below ; veins reticulating, faint below, often
quite obscure above; petiole 1-2 lin. long. Corymbs shortly peduncled
or sessile, many-flowered, or panicles elongated with remote spieading

VOL. IV. c

54 Lxxxiv. ArocYNACE.i^. (sTArr). [Landol])hia.

branches passing into tendrils ; all parts of the inflorescence (including
the calyces) finely fulvo-tomentose to almost shaggy; bracts ovate or
ovate-oblong, subacute or obtuse ; pedicels very short. Calyx 1-1 J lin.
long ; sepals oblong or ovate-oblong, subobtuse. Corolla strongly
scented ; tube whitish, slightly tinged with yellow, subcylindric, slightly
inflated, constricted at both ends, 3-3} lin. long, finely pubescent or
tomentose without; lobes pure white, oblong-obtuse, 2-8 lin. long,
pubescent without, mouth finely tomentose. Stamens inserted at the
middle ; anthers ovate, linear, acute. Ovary truncate, top very finely
tomentose. Fruit pear-shaped or globose and often suddenly contracted
into a stout stipe, l-o in. in diam., yellow ; pericarp coriaceous ; seeds
4-7 lin. long, embedded in a whitish, sour, watery pulp. — Benth. in
Hook. Niger Fl. 444; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 407, and in Engl.
Pfl. Ost-Afr. B. 446-448, 454, 459 partly, and in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 130 partly; L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 140, 312;
Dewevre, Caoutch. Afr. Monogr. Landolph. 39 partly; Chimani in Bot.
Centralbl. Ixi. (1895)450 ; Vogtherrin Kohler, Mediz. Pfl. iii. sub Lan-
dolphia comorensis; Moller in Tropenpfl. i. (1897) 187 ; Jumelle, PI. a
caoutch. et a gutta, 45, 48, 50, fig. 7 on p. 49 ; Morris in Journ. Soc.
Arts,xlvi. 780 ; Sadebeck, Kulturg. Deutsch. Kolon. 272-270, fig. lOO ;
Warb. in Tropenpfl. iii. (1899) 313, figs. D-F on p. 311, and Kaut-
schukpfl. 119, 120, 124, fig. D-F on p. 117 ; Sebire in Rev. Cult. Colon,
iv. (1899) 194 ; Hua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, v. (1899), 179-183 ;
Mikosch in Wiesner, Rohstofi'e, ed. 2, i. 303; Hallier f. Kautschuk-
lianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih.
41-42, 75 ; Henriques, Kautschuk, Tab. iii. ; SchJechter, Westafrik.
Kautschuk-Exp. 229 (not fig. on p. 9) ; Hua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Pari«,vi. (1900), 311, and in Journ. de Bot. xv. (1901),G5, 08, figs. 1 and 2;
Chevalier in Ball. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vi. (1900) 307, and Geog.
Botan. Senegal et Soudan, 218, and fig. on p. 219; De Wild. Apocyn.
a latex rec. par Gentil. 10-14. L. Ileudelotii, var. tonientosa, Hua in
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, v. (1899) 182. L. Michelini, Benth. in
Hook. I.e. ; Walp. Ann. iii. 29 ; Badlkof. in Abhandl. Naturwiss.
Ver. Bremen, viii. (1883) 390 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 408,
and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. B. 452 ; Dewevre, I.e. 42 ; Warb. in.Tropenpfl.
iii. (1899) 313, and Kautschukpfl. 119, 120; Chevalier in Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Paris, 1900, 306. L. Traunii, Sadeb. ex K. Schum. in
Engl. Jahrb. xv. 406, 408 ; Dewevre, I.e. 43 ; K. Schum. in Engl.
Pfl. Ost-Afr. B. 453; Sadebeck in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xiv. (1897), 3. Beih. 121, and Kulturg. Deutsch. Kolon. 275,
276 ; Warb. Kautschukpfl. 119, 120 ; Chevalier, I.e. 300. L. tomentosa,
Dewevre I.e. 44 (excl. Sacleux's plant from Zanzibar); Moller in
Tropenpfl. i. (1897) 187; Jumelle, PI. a caoutch. et a gutta, 44, 52;
Warb. in Tropenpfl. iii. (1899) 313 and Kautschukpfl. 119; Mikosch,
I.e. 362 ; Henriques, Kautschuk, Tab. iii. ; Schlechter, Westafr. Kaut-
schuk-Exped, 229 ; Chevalier in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1900, 306.
Vahea Ileudelotii, F. Muell. in Wittstein, Org. Constit. Plants (1878)
258, 268, and in Select. Extratrop. Plants, ed. 3 (1880) 344. F. tome7i-
tosa, Lepr. ex L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 139, 306 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl.
Ost-Afr. B. 453, V. Traunii, Sadeb. in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.

Landolphia.] lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (staff). 55

Anstalt. iii. (1886) p. Ixxvi., ix. 1 (1891) 226; Kulturg. Deutsch.
Kolon. 274. V. senegamhensis, var. Trau7iii, Sadeb. in Jahrb. Ham-
burg. Wissensch. Anstalt. iii. (1886) Ixxvii.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia: Gombo, Heudelot. Mboro, Leprieur ! sandy
diy soil near Albreda, and very cominon in the Cape Verd Peninsula and by the
Gambia and Casamanze Rivers, Perrottet, 491 ! in the neighbourhood of the Casa-
manze and Nunez Rivers, Eeudelot, 602 ! 606 ! Cape Verd Isles : San Jago,
Boeande. Senegal, Michelin ! Portuguese Guinea: Biss&o, Traun. French Guinea:
Faroisse, 14, 20, 21, 22, 27. Futa Jallon : Timbo, Miquel; Kisosso, Maclaud,
24:2 ; Bramaya, Faroisse, 20, 214 ; at Bayabaya, near the River Searcies, Scott-
Elliot^ 4544 ! 4773 ! and near Wallia, Scott-Elliot, 4630 !

Var. B Djenge, Stapf in Jouui. Linn. Soc. xxx. 87. Fruit globose or depressed-
globose, not stipitate.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Searcies River, near Kukuna, Scott-Elliof,
4650 ! 4675 ! Falaba, Scott-Elliot, 5450 !

Hallier f . also enumerates the following specimens under L. Heudelotii : Togo :
Little Popo, Traun ; Rismarckburg, Biittner, 325 ; Misahohe, Baumann, 517 ; 524.
-Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker, 662. Lower Congo : Stanley Pool, Laurent. Of
these I have only seen Zenker's 662, without flowers or fruits. It is ceitainly not
L. Heudelotii, but probably L. otoariensis. The same may be the case with the
Togo specimens, of which Hallier himself says that they much resemble L. otoariensis.
They were releri'ed to L. Heudelotii on account of the length of the coroUa-lobef,
which are on the whole slightly longer in L. Heudelotii than in L. otoariensis ; bu
this is no reliable character. The two species differ chiefly in the shape of thv
sepals and corolla-tube, and in the insertion of the stamens. L. Heudelotii w&:
originally described from almost glabrous specimens ; such seem, however, to rarel^
occur, the tomentose form being the common one. Th-s species is, amouk
Apocynacece, undoubtedly one of the most valuable sources of rubber in West Africa
Hua and Chevalier, I.e., give an elaborate description of the area inhabited by it in
French Guinea. It extends from Senegambia far into the basin of the Upper Niger
and to the head waters of the Volta, being one of the characteristic features of the
vegetation on the dry laterite plateaux of the interior.

24. L. Kirkii, Dyer in Kew Report, 1880, 39, 42. A scandent
shrub, with long branched tendrils (modified inflorescences); young
branches fulvo-pubescent or finely tomentose, at length glabrescent,
reddish-brown with small whitish lenticels. Leaves very variable in size
and shape on the same branch, lanceolate to oblong, rarely more or less
ovate or elhptic, usually gradually tapering into a short obtuse acumen,
shortly acute or obtuse at the base, 1-4 in. long, 10-15 hn. broad,
thinly coriaceous, very loosely pubescent on both sides (except the mid-
rib which is generally densely pubescent to villous below), finally more
or less glabrescent, chiefly above, glossy above ; midrib shal lowly
channelled above, prominent below; secondary nerves 10-12 on each
side, very slender, slightly oblique, like the delicate network of the
veins slightly raised on both sides ; marginal arches obscure ; petiole
slender, 2-3 lin. long. Corymbs dense, subsessile, many-flowered, or
panicles somewhat loose, ovoid or much elongated, with spreading
branches often passing into tendrils, fulvo-pubescent or finely tomen-
tose all over ; bracts minute, ovate ; pedicels very short. Calyx
scarcely 1 lin. long. ; sepals ovate, acute or subacute, membranous

50 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Landolphici.

except the acutely edged midrib, pubescent. Corolla whitish ; tube
cylindric below to the middle, then much inflated and distinctly
constricted close to the mouth, IJ-lJ lin. long, minutely pubescent
without in the upper half ; lobes linear-oblong, subacute, as long as the
tube or slightly shorter, finely pubescent without along the middle,
mouth very narrow, very minutely pubescent. Stamens in the upper
third of the tube ; anthers linear-oblong, acute. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ;
style and stigma about 1 lin. long, the latter cylindric from a thicker
base, bifid. Fruit obovoid-globose, 1 J-3 in. in diam. ; seeds angular, G-8
lin. long, numerous. — K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 404, 406, 408, 410,
fig. ] , A.C.D.E. ; Christy, New Comm. Plants k Drugs, vi. 54 ; Ficalho,
PI. Uteis Afr. Port. 42, 218-220; Kew Bulletin, 1892, 68 ; L. Planch.
Prod. Apocyn. 318; Dewevre, Caoutch. Afric. Monogr. Landolph. 46 ;
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl, Ost-Afr. B. 225, 445, 457-8, fig. A, C-E. ; C.
;>15, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 130, fig. 50, A, C-E., and
in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 452 ; Chimani in Bot. Centralbl. Ixi. (1895) 456,
t. ii. fig. 1^, 24, 25; Vogtherr in Kohler, Mediz. Pflanz. sub Lan-
dolphici comoi^ensis ; MollerinTropenpfl. i.(1897) 187 ; J. R. Jackson in
Bull, of Pharm. xi. (1897) 255 ; Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898,
14 ; Jumelle, PI, a caoutch. et a gutta, 58 ; Morris in Journ. Soc. Arts,
xlvi. 779 ; Sadebeck, Kulturg. Deutsch. Kolon. 272, 276 ; Warb. in
Tropenpfl. iii. (1899) 222, 314, 311, fig. A-C, and Kautschukpfl. 120,
117, fig. A-C ; Mikosch in Wiesner, Rohstoffe, ed. 2, i. 363 ; Liebert
in Tropenpfl. iv. (1900) 367 ; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 38-41, 71-74 excl.
var. ; Henriques, Kautschuk, Tab. iv. ; Schlechter, Westafrik. Kaut-
schuk-Exped. 229 ; Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 2755 ined. L. elastica, Vatke
ex Dewevre, I.e. L. tomentosa, Dewevre, I.e. 45 (the Zanzibar plant).
L. pohjcmtha, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 452. L. sp.
(Kirk's specimens), Collins, Report Caoutch. 28. Vahea Kirkii, Sadeb.
in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. ix. i. (1891) 226. V. elastica,
Klotzsch ex Dewevre, I.e. 46. Carissa sp., Collins, I.e.

Wile Iiand. British East Africa : Mombasa, Hildehrandt, 1999 !

IMCozamb. Bist. Gorman East Africa : Usambara ; Amboni, Hoist, 2475 !
Masbeiia, Msagati, i/o/.v/, 8841' ! Pangani, /S^M^/maww, 59. Usaraino ; Dar-es-Salaam,
Hildehrandt, 1222 ! Stuhlmann, 49 ! 50, 8533 ! 30 miles inland from Dar-es-Salaam,
Kirk! Kisserawe, SMilmann, 6185! Useramo Plateau, Ooetze, 10! Kingani,
Stuhlmann, 6586! Mengwa, Stuhlmann, 8614! Kola, Busse, 82! Pugu Hills,
Goetze, 5! Barikiwa, Tratin ; hillsides near Langenburg, 1600 ft., Ootze, 871!
Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Boror, Peters ! Shupanga, Kirk, 12 !
British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands, Buchanan ! Zomba Plateau,
Whyte, 3 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 182 ! 220 partly ! Stevenson
Road, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 8375 I

This is one of the most important rubber plants of East Africa. A small-leaved
variety occurs at Delagoa Bay (Z. Kirkii, var. delagoensis, Dewevi'e, I.e. 48).

Var. /3 dondeensis, Stapf. A shrub, 6-9 ft. high, with pendulous branches or
rnmbling amongst other shrubs and tiees. Fruit globose, pale yellow when fresh,
bluish-black when dry, 3-3^ in. in diam. ; pericarp 3 lin. thick, smooth ; seeds about

Landolphia.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 57

22 in an orange-yellow, juicy pulp, up to 1 in. long.— L. dondeensis, Busse in
Tropenpti. v. (1901) 406, 407, with fig.

Mozaxnb. Dist. German East Africa : Donde, gregarious, JBusse !

I prefer to treat this form as a variety of L. Kirkii, which it leseiiibles in
foliage and flowers. The peculiar habit, which is very uniform over a large area as
Dr. Busse tells me and as his excellent photographs show, may very well be due to
the conditions of the habitat— a dry region covered with bush and open Leguminosse
woods— just as L. Heudelotii assumes a similar facies under similar conditions on
the dry laterite plateaux" of French Guinea and Sierra Leone.

25. L. parvifolia, K. Schu7n. in Engl. Jahrh. xv. 409, t. xii. C,
A much-branched climbing shrub with tendrils (modified inflorescences)
from the branch-forks ; young branches more or less rusty-villous, at
length usually glabrescent, reddish-brown dotted with whitish lenticels.
Leaves small, oblong to lanceolate, subacuminate to subobtuse (rarely
subacute) at the base, |-1| in. long, 6-7 Hn. broad, coriaceous, rusty-
villous in bud, soon glabrescent except the midrib and margins, glossy
above ; midrib very slender and flat above, much stouter and prominent
.below ; secondary nerves subhorizontal, about 10-12 on each side, very
faint on both sides, and like the extremely delicate network of the
veins not or scarcely raised on either side ; petiole more or less villous,
1 lin. long. Corymbs small, dense, subsessile or shortly ped uncled ;
peduncles and lower bracts rusty-villous ; upper bracts scarious and
almost glabrous ; pedicels very short, puberulous. Calyx about 1^ lin.
long; sepals broad- ovate-oblocg, obtuse or subtruncate, keeled, brown,
subscarious, glossy, fulvo-ciliate along the margins and the keel, other-
wise almost glabrous. Corolla pale yellow or white ; tube cylindric
below the middle, then inflated and rather suddenly constricted close to
the mouth, 2-2J lin. long, very minutely and densely rusty-tomentose
in the upper |; pubescent within except at the base; lobes linear-
oblong, subacute, as long as the tube, minutely fulvo-velvety without,
mouth very narrow, very minutely pubescent. Stamens in the upper \
of the tube ; anthers linear-ovate, acute, reaching almost to the nouth.
Ovary ovoid, glabrous at the base, top densely rusty-villous ; style and
stigma 1 lin. long, the latter cylindric from a thickened base, bifid.
Fruit like a small orange, 1-2 in. in diam., greenish purple outside,
rind smooth, thick, with a layer of sclerenchymatous nodules ; seeds up
to 7 lin. long. — Dewevre, Caoutch. Afr. Monogr. Landolph. 52;
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. B. 458, and in Engl, k Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam. iv. ii. 129; Warb. in Tropenpfl. iii. (1899) 314, and Kaut-
schukpfl. 120. L. Kirkii, var. pa7'vi folia, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 39-41, 74,
partly. L. par vijlor a (hy error), Moller in Tropenpfl. i. (1897) 188;
Henriques, Kautschuk, Tab. iv. Pacouria parvifolia, Hiern in Cat. Afr.
PI. Welw. i. 663.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; Morro de Lopollo, 5300 ft , Weltvitsch,
5928 ! Humpata, Newton, 229 !

Mozamb. I>lst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland, Buchanan ! (No. 1126 in
Hb. Boissier ex Hall, f.) Likoma Island in Lake Nyasa, Johyison, 66 !

plallier f. indicates this species also from Gennan East Africa : Unyamwezi ;

58 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (sTAPF). [Landolpkia.

Mtigua, Stuhlmann, 472 ; Oalle (Wala) River, Stulilmann, 515, and Tabora, Siuhl-
mann, 567 ; these specimens probably belong to L. Thollonii.

26. L. Thollonii, Dev^evre, Caoutch. Aft. Monogr. Landolph. 50. A
dwarf shrub, rising scarcely more than J ft. above the ground ; young
branches brown, shortly pubescent, finally sometimes glabrescent ; old
stems rough from small lenticels. Leaves narrowly oblong to lanceolate,
obtusely subacuminate, rounded at the base, 1-2 J in. long, 4-9 lin.
broad, scantily pubescent or villous in bud, very soon quite glabrescent
(except the midrib) or finally quite glabrous ; midrib sunk above,
prominent below; secondary nerves 17-20 on each side, straight,
connected close to the margin by flat arches, like the fine reticulation
slightly raised above, less so below ; petiole pubescent, 1-2 lin. long.
Corymbs small, 4-5-flowered, shortly peduncled, dense, terminal ;
peduncle J-4 lin, long ; bracts pubescent ; pedicels 2 lin. long, or hardly
any. Calyx 1;^ lin. long; sepals very broad, obovate, rounded or trun-
cate, densely fulvo-tomentose, obscurely keeled. Corolla-tube widest
between the middle and the mouth, 2-2| lin. long, finely velvety with-
out, pubescent within down to the middle ; lobes broadly oblong, over
3 lin. long, fulvo-velvety without, margins wavy. Stamens inserted in
the upper \ of the tube ; anthers apiculate, | lin. long. Ovary ovoid,
villous, chiefly above. Fruit globose, over 1 in. in diam. ; seeds sub-
globose, 3 Hn. in diam. — Warb. Kautschukpfl. 120. L. owariensis,
var. parvifolia^ Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hambujg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xiv. (1899), 3. Beih. 41, 74, partly.

ZiO^rer Guinea. Frencli Congo : Brazzaville, Brazza Sf Thollon, 145 ! Lower
Congo: Kisantu, Gillet,69l Tiimj)&, Zaure7it ! Angola: Kuango River, Mechow,
510!

This is one of the plants yielding " root i ubber." A very similar but evidently
distinct plant has recently been distributed as Carpodinus chylorrhiza, K. Schum.
MS. It was collected by Baum (714) in Angola, above Sakkemecho on the River
Quiriri. The leaves are on the whole longer and narrower and the midrib is much
broader, and flatter below. There are no floweis with the specimens. The fruit is
globose or pyrifonn, 1 in. in diam.

Imperfectly known species.

27. L. Foreti, Jumelle in Cornpt.-rend. Acad. Sc. Paris, cxxiv.
(1897) 1539-1541. A quite glabrous climber by means of hook-
branched pseudo-axillary tendrils ; young branches reddish-brown,
covered with yellowish lenticels. Leaves ovate, long acuminate, rounded
at the base, very large, 14 in. long, 8 in. broad ; secondary nerves 12-14
on each side, slightly oblique, connected by submarginal arches, promi-
nent below ; petiole 7 J lin. long. Cymes dense ; flowers small, white,
inodorous. Fruit globose, up to 6 in. in diam. ; seeds about 60. —
Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 14; Jumelle, PI. a caoutch. et
k gutta, 45, figs. 5 and 6 ; Mikosch in Wiesner, Rohstofie, ed. 2, i. 362 ;
Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt,
xvu. (1899), 3. Beih. 79; Warb. Kautschukpfl. 119.

Landolphia.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 59

Xomrer Guinea. Gaboon : Fernand Vaz, Foret.

This, like L. Klainei, is called Ndjeinbo in the N'Coumi dialect, and Jumclle
places it near that species. The very large leaves and absence of any indumentum
distinguish it at once from that species.

28. L. (?) lucida, K. Schum. in Notizhl. KOnigl Bot. Gart. Berlin,
i. (1897) 24. A scandent shrub, climbing by means of very sensitive
inflorescences which act as tendrils, quite glabrous ; branches slender,
dark brown, at length rough from rather large lenticels. Leaves
oblong to elliptic, obtuse or subacute, usually with a minute mucro,
minutely cordate at the base, 2-5 in. long, 1 J-2J in. broad, thinly and
rigidly coriaceous, glossy on both sides, dark brownish-green above,
lighter below when dry ; midrib and secondary nerves finely channelled
above, very prominent below ; secondary nerves 8-10 on each side,
straight, rather spreading, connected by bold marginal arches ; reticu-
lation close, marked and raised on both sides ; petiole 2-3 lin. long.
Panicles bearing small clusters of flowers at the ends of short spreading
or recurved branches, peduncled, terminal or pseudo-axillary, very
slender ; rhachis sometimes curled up into spiral coils ; branches up to
7 lin. long ; bracts small, scale-like. Calyx J-1 lin. long; sepals lanceo-
late-ovate or ovate, acute, quite glabrous, margins membranous. Corolla
white, sweet-scented; tube very slender, 6 lin. long ; lobes very narrow,
linear, as long as or slightly shorter than the tube, with long flexuous
cilia (almost fimbriate). Stamens inserted about 2 lin. below the mouth ;
anthers 1 lin. long. Ovary ovoid, quite glabrous, gradually passing
into the style ; style filiform, thickened (articulate ?) below the middle,
the whole pistil 5|-6 lin. long. Fruit (quite young) globose. — Dew^vre,
Caoutch. Afr. Monogr. Landolph. 32 ; K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 130, and Ergiinz. Heft i. 56; Durand & Schinz,
Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 189 ; Jumelle, Plant, a caoutch. et a gutta, 61 ;
Warb. in Tropenpfl. iii. (1899) 314, and Kautschukpfl. 120; Mikosch
in Wiesner, Rohstofie, ed. 2, i. 363 ; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3'. Beih. 53, 85
partly; Henriques, Kautschuk, Tab. iv. Dictyophleha lucida, Pierre
in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 93.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Kassai region, Pogge, 1236 ! Lnnda ;
river woods near Mukenge, Pogge, 1038 !

Several other specimens have been referred to L. lucida without, as it seems,
sufficient justification. Among these Sogaux 204, from the Munda District, Gaboon,
has longer and comparatively narrower, strictly oblong leaves with long, narrow-
points, a somewhat different venation, and also a pear-shaped fruit long-beaked at the
top and long-stipitate at the base, which peculiarities are not present in the young
fruit of L. Iticida. Hallier also distinguished from the type a variety hispida from
Derema in Usambara {Scheffler, 217 !), which has stiff hairs on the midrib of the
leaves and the panicle. The leaves and inflorescences are otherwise quite like those
of Pogge's specimens ; but tlie calyx-segments are in Scheffler's plant also ciliate
instead of perfectly glabrous and the corolla-tube is (according to the collector)
blood-red. As Pogge's specimens bear only fragments of flowers, it is impossible to
decide definitely on the value of these differences.

60 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Landolphia.

29. L. reticnlBtR f Ilallier f. KcmtschuJcUanen in Jahrh. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii (181)9), 3. Beih. 87. A tall scandent shrub ;
young branches stout, terete, covered with a delicate dense rusty
tomentum. Leaves elliptic, abruptly and acutely acuminate (acumen
10 lin. long), somewhat rounded at the base, 8 in. long, 3J-4 in. broad,
chartaceous, glabrous and dark-green above, very delicately fulvo-
tomentellous below ; midrib channelled above, much raised below ;
secondary nerves 7-9, spreading, straight, slightly raised above, more
so below; petiole stout, 7-10 lin. long, finely tomentellous. Flowers
and fruits unknown.

Iioiver Guinea. Gaboon : Mhusu, on the Eliva Sonanga (Lake Sonenge),
Buchholz.

This yields, according to Buchholz, the rubber of the Ogowe basin. Hallicr
places it near L. ochracea.

30. L. pyriformiSy Stapf. A powerful scandent shrub or tree with
strong hook-branched terminal tendrils (sensitive inflorescences) up
to 3 ft. long ; young branches delicately dark rusty tomentose, soon
more or less glabrescent, or even quite glabrous, dark reddish-brown,
with whitish inconspicuous lenticels. Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate
or cuspidate, subacute or obtuse at the base, about 6 in. long, 3 in. broad,
very coriaceous, glabrous (when mature) ; midribs channelled above,
much raised below; lateral nerves 13-14 on each side, much spreading,
straight, connected by marked arches 2-3 lin. within the margin, like
the reticulation sunk above, raised below ; petiole very stout, up to h
in. long. Panicle terminal, up to 3 ft. long, bearing dense clusters of
sessile flowers at the ends of spreading or recurved branches, lufo-
tomentellous or glabrescent ; upper part of the rhachis and branches
sensitive and acting as tendrils. Calyx and corolla unknown to me.
(Corolla-tube according to Pierre MS. elongate above the stamens which
are inserted below the middle.) Fruit pear-shaped, 4-G in. long, 3 in.
or more broad, finely velvety, reddish-yellow ; rind fleshy without a
sclereuchymatous layer ; seeds about 4, almost 1 in. long. — Ancylohothrys
pyriformis, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1899, 120; Schlechter in
Tropenpfl. iv. (1900) 3; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 85.

IiO-wer Guinea. Gaboon, Klaine, 1401 ! 6591 !

This is, no doubt, a member of the section Avcyloholrys ; but its exact position
cannot be ascertained in tlie absence of flowers.

3. CLITANDRA, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 692.

Calyx very small ; sepals 5, ovate, ciliolate, otherwise usually
glabrous, rarely minutely pubescent, eglandular. , Corolla salver-
shaped ; tube subcylindric, long or short, or spindle-shaped, or urceo-
late to companulate, widened and staminiferous just above the calyx
(rarely higher up but not more than one calyx-length), mouth naked ;
Jobes 5, narrow, overlapping to the left. Stamens included ; filament^

Clitandra.'] Lxxxiv. apocynace^ (stapf). 61

very short or half as long or almost as long as the anthers and very
slender ; anthers oblong to lanceolate, usually acute, minutely 2-lobed
and dehiscing to the base. Disc 0. Ovary entire, glabrous oi* hairy,
1- (rarely 2-) celled ; placentas 2, parietal, very much projecting and some-
times uniting at the top and base, rarely fusing into a complete septum ;
style columnar, short or almost suppressed ; stigma reaching to the base
of the anthers, rarely lower down, capitate, clavate or subsubulate, with
an annular thickening, rarely with a ring of hairs at the base, entire or
more or less 2-lobed, not or very shortly exceeding the calyx (never by
more than one calyx-length) ; ovules 4-seriate, 3-4 in each row. Fruit
a globose or pear-shaped, rarely cylindric-oblong berry, usually not
much over 1 in. in diam. Seeds not very numerous, embedded in a
juicy pulp, ovoid, compressed or irregularly flattened ; albumen bony ;
cotyledons foliaceous, very thin ; radicle short. — Glabrous shrubs
with usually slender branches, usually climbing with flagelliform,
hook-branched tendrils springing from the branch-forks, rarely dwarf
shrubs throwing up fresh shoots yearly. Leaves opposite, small or
middle-sized (rarely attaining G in. in length), coriaceous, closely or
remotely nerved; axillary stipules 0; axillary glands 0 or obscure.
Flowers small, rarely up to 1 in. long in the mature bud, in axillary or
axillary and terminal more or less loose cymes or compact clusters.
15 species, endemic, except 1 in Trinidad (indigenous ?).

*Cham.eclitandra. — Dwarf shrubs, throwing up fresh erect shoots yearly, up to
li ft. high. Leaves small, oblong-IanceoLite, glaucous. Cymes axillary or terminal,
snbsessile or on short small-leaved lateral branches. Corolla-tube cylindric, 4-5 lin.
long.

Only species . . . . . . . . 1. C. henriquesiana.

**Cylindeopsis.— Climbing shrubs. Leaves not glaucous, elliptic to oblong;
secondary nerves rather d'stant, faint. Cymes axillary (or sometimes with some
additional terminal (?) ones), reduced to small sessile clusters (in the African species),
rarely lax. Flowers not quite 3 lin. long in the mature bud (in the African species),
rarely up to 4.] lin. long. Corolla-tube more or less cylindric, usually longer than
the lobes. Style filiform ; stigma subulate from an annulate base. — Cylindropsis,
Pierre.

Quite glabrous ; corolla-tube cylindric to beyond the
middle, more or less abruptly inflated below the
mouth; ovary puberulous in the upper part . 2. C. pan {folia.
More or less hairy on the young branches ; corolla-
tube widest at or near the middle, cylindric
below or gradually narrowed to both ends ; ovary
quite glabrous.
Flowers yellow ; sepals submembranous, pale,
glabrous or almost so except on the ciliate
margins . . . . . . . 3. C. togolana.

Flowers white ; sepals firm, scarious, brown,

pubescent . . . . . . . 4. C alba.

***ErCLiTANDRA. — Climbing shrubs. Leaves very rarely glaucous, elliptic or
oblong, rarely lanceolate, very closely nerved. Cymes axillary, much contracted or
reduced to sessile clusters. Flowers usually 4-12 lin. (rarely 3 lin.) long in the
mature bud. Corolla-tube more or less cylindric, usually very slender, longer or

62 Lxxxiv. ArocYNACE/E (stapf). [CHtcmdra

shorter than the lohcs. Stylo columnar, very short; stigma conical from a thickened
base, very short.

Corolla-tuhe almost as long as or longer than the
lohcs; leaves not glaucous.
CoroUii-tuhe as long as the linear or ovate oblong
lobes or only slightly longer, j
Flowers 3-4^ lin. long; cymes finely pubescent.
Venation rather faint ; secondary nerves 15-
20 on each side ; panicles small, dense ;
corolla-tube subcylindric . . .5. C. cymulosa.

Venation very marked, prominent; secondary
nerves 9-11 on each side; panicles very
compound, dense; corolla-tube inflated
below . . . . . . . Q. C, orienfalis.

Flowers over 4 lin. long ; cymes quite glabrous
or very minutely and scantily pubescent.
Flowers sessile, 5 lin. long . . . . 7. C Barteri.

Flowers distin^'tly pedicelled, 6-8 lin. long.
Cymes quite glabrous ; pedicels less than

1 lin. long ; ovary glabrous . . 8. C. visciflua.

Cymes minutely and scantily pubescent ;
pedicels up to 2 Ihi. long; ovary-top
pubescent. . . . . . 9. C. Staudtii.

Corolla-tube twice as long as the obovate lobes . 10. C. cirrhosa.
Corolla-tube half as long as the linear lobes; leaves

glaucous below . . . . . . 11. C Schweinfurthii.

****Aphanostylis. — Climbing shrubs. Leaves not glaucous, elliptic to oblong,
closely or remotely nerved. Cymes usually lax, axillary and terminal. Corolla-tube
urceolate to carapanulate, very short.

Secondary nerves very close, connected by more or less
flat arches close to the margin.
Corolla 2 A -3 lin. long in bud ; tube scarcely f lin.

long . . . . . . . . 12. C Mannii.

Corolla up to 6 lin. long in bud ; tube scarcely

1^ lin. long 13. C. loxiflora.

Secondary nerves distant, connected by bold arches
somewhat remote from the margin.
Leaves long and abruptly acuminate ; corolla 3^-4i

lin. long in bud ; ovary pubescent . . 14. C. leptdntha.

Leaves shortly acuminate ; corolla 6 lin. long in bud;

ovary quite glabrous. . . . . .15. C.jlavidijlora.

*****ANTiroCLiTANDRA. — Climbing shrubs. Leaves oblong to elliptic, remotely
nerved. Cymes axillary and terminal, forming many-flowered dense sessile clutters.
Corolla-tube spindle-shaped, up to 3 lin. long.

Only species 16. C rohustior.

1. C. henriquesiana, K. Schum. in Tropenpfl. i. 134, fig. E, 135
{name and figure only). An erect, perfectly glabrous shrub, much
branched from the base, up to J ft. high ; branches slender, the young
parts flexuous, bark reddish-brown ; lenticels very small, numerous.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely subacuminate, 1-2 in.
long, J-| in. broad, coriaceous, shining above, glaucous below ; midrib
slightly channelled above, prominent below ; secondary nerves about

Clitandra.] lxxxiv. apocynaceje (f>TAri). 03

12-15 on each side, subhorizontal, very slender, slightly raised on both
sides, connecting arches close to the margin ; reticulation faint ; petiole
slender, 1J-2J lin. long. Cymes shortly peduncled, few-flowered,
glabrous or scantily pubescent, axillary, often terminating short small-
leaved branchlets ; peduncles slender, 1-2 lin. long ; bracts oblong,
obtuse, up to 1^ lin. long ; pedicels up to 1 J lin. long. Calyx glaucous,
scarcely 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate, obtuse to subacute, ciliolate, margins
very thin. Corolla glabrous without, 8 lin. longjn bud ; tube widened
close to the base, cylindric upwards, 4-5 lin. long, hairy within ; lobes
linear-oblong, obtuse, as long as the tube or slightly longer. Stamens
inserted about 1 lin. above the base ; filaments very short ; anthers
oblong, apiculatc, scarcely 1 lin. long. Ovary depressed-globose,
densely covered with stiff whitish hairs ; style glabrous, including the
stigma J lin. long ; stigma capitate, with a distinct annular thickening
at the base, short, 2-lobed. — Sadebeck, Nutzpfl. Deutsch. Kolon. in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xiv. (1896), 3. Beih. 122, and
Kulturg. Deutsch. Kolon. 2G8, 27G (name only) ; Mikosch in Wiesner,
Rohstoffe, ed. 2, 363 (name only). Landoljyhia henriquesiana, Hallier
f. Kautschukhanen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii.
(1899), 3. Beih. 97, 130.

Ibower G-ulnea. Angola: Benguela; Cuango River, 14-16°, ^. It., Marques,
2! Kuebe (Matungue) River*, 3700 ft., Baum, 309 !

T^e specimen quoted by Hallier, I.e., from Mossamedes [Moller !) is certainly
distinct from C. henriquesiana, and identical with an imperfectly known new species,
distributed from Berlin as Carpodinus chylorrhiza, K. Schum. see p. 58. C. henri-
quesiana is statad to be one of the sources'of the so-called root-rubber.

2. C. parvifolia, Stapf. A climbing shrub ; young branches
slender, glabrous, dark brown, with whitish lenticels. Leaves elliptic to
elliptic-oblong, abruptly and obtusely acuminate, rounded or subacute at
the base, 2J-3J in. long, 1J-1| in. broad, thinly coriaceous, quite
glabrous, slightly shining above ; midrib flat above, distinctly raised
below ; secondary nerves rather spreading, almost straight, slender, 8-9
on each side, raised below, connected by bold but very fine arches some-
what remote from the margins ; veins lax, very obscure ; petiole 3-4 lin.
long. Flowers sessile in small sessile axillary and terminal (pseudo-
terminal?) clusters. Calyx glabrous, J lin. long; sepals very minutely
ciliolate. Corolla glabrous without, not quite 3 lin. long in bud ; tube
cylindric from the base to just beyond the middle, then more or less in-
flated, constricted again at the mouth, slightly over Ih lin. long, pubescent
within near the insertion of the stamens ; lobes oblong, obtuse, slightly
over 1 lin. long. Filaments very slender, short ; anthers reaching
almost to the narrow mouth, ovate-obiong, apiculate. Ovary ovoid,
puberulous in the upper part, passing into the slender style ; stigma sub-
subulate from a thickened base, 2-fid ; the whole pistil 1 lin. long. Fruit
unknown. — Cylindropsis parvifolia, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn, Paris,
1898, 39 ; Hallier f. Kautschukhanen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 132; K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. Ergiinz. i. 55. Carpodinus parvifolius, Pierre, I.e.

64 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Clita7idra.

JtO-wer Guinea. Gaboon, Klaine, 103b !

Pierre tlescribed the fruit as cylindric, truncate at both ends and 1-3-seeded,
and the seeds as exalbuminous with thick, fleshy cotyledons. It was chiefly this
l)ecuharity which induced him to make it the type of a new genus. The cruslicd
fruits in tlie Kew and Berlin hei'baria, distributed by Pierre in capsules along with
flowering: branches under the name of Cylindropsis, suggest (as Hallier has already
remarked) a globose shape, and the seeds must have been considerably more
numerous. The structure of the latter, however, is as Pierre describes it ; but
proves that the fruit is tliat of so.ne species of Salacia, which was mixed up with the
flowering branches described above. It seems that Klaine had originally sent the
true fruits of C. parvifolia, as Pierre remarks in a note accompanying the Berlin
specimen that the fruit sent by Klaine under No. 103 had albuminous seeds.

3. C. togolana, Stajyf. A climbing shrub, with very slender,
glabrous, spirally contorted tendrils from the branch-forks or pseudo-
axillary ; young branches very slender, densely and minutely puberulous,
soon glabrescent and at length quite glabrous, fuscous, scantily dotted
with minute lenticels. Leaves oblong to elliptic-oblong, shortly and
obtusely acuminate or obtuse, acute at the base, 2J-4 in. long, 1-lf in.
broad, thinly coriaceous, quite glabrous ; midrib flat above, slightly
convex below ; secondary nerves 8-9 on each side, rather spreading,
straight, very slender, obscure above, slightly raised below ; veins lax,
quite obscure ; petiole - lin. long. Flowers sessile in pubescent few-
flowered sessile axillary clusters from the axils of normal or reduced
leaves ; bracts minute. Calyx j-4 lin. long ; sepals unequal, ovate,
obtuse, puberulous or glabrous, the outer shorter, firmer, the inner
almost membranous, ciliolate. Corolla yellow, glabrous without ; tube
cylindric from the base to beyond J of its length then gradually widened,
and contracted again at the callous mouth, 1| lin. long, very scantily
hairy at the insertion of the stamens ; lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, rather
fleshy, reflexed or spreading, 1 lin. long. Stamens inserted just above
the middle on very short slender filaments, not reaching to the mouth of
the tube, f lin. long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, passing into the very short
style ; stigma subsubulate from a thickened annular base bifid ; the
whole pistil not or very slightly exceeding the calyx. Fruit globose, over
1 \ in. in diam. ; rind thick. Seeds (immature) with very thin foliaceous
cotyledons. — Cylindroj)sis togolana, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 133.

Upper Guinea. Togo : common in bush near Lome, Warneche, 46 !

4. C. alba, Stapf. A powerful climbing shrub ; tendrils unknown ;
stem up to 6 in. in diam. ; young branches very slender, flexuous, very
sparingly puberulous or glabrous, brown, at length somewhat rough
with lenticels. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, obtuse or obscurely
acuminate, acute at the base, 2-4 in. long, lJ-2 in. broad, thinly
coriaceous, quite glabrous ; midrib flat or subconvex on both sides ;
secondary nerves 8-9 on each side, obliquely spreading, very fine, obscure
above, slightly raised below; veins inconspicuous; petiole 2 lin. long.
Flowers in axillary and terminal few-flowered, sessile clusters ; bracts
minute, pubescent. Calyx | lin. long, minutely pubescent ; sepals ovate

Clitandi'a.] Lxxxiv. aPocVi^ace^ (stapf). 65

obtuse, subequal, ciliolate. Corolla white, sweet-scented, glabrous with-
out ; tube subcyliiidric, widest at the middle, gradually and slightly
narrowed towards both ends, finely hairy at the insertion of the stamens,
1^ lin. long; lobes oblong, subacute, spreading, 1 lin. long. Stamens on
fine short filaments at the middle of the tube, linear-oblong, scarcely
J lin. long. Ovary ovoid, sulcate, gradually passing into the slender
style ; stigma subulate- clavate, bilobed, slightly exserted from the calyx.
Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Okroase, Johnson, 753 !

5. C. cymulosa, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 445. A climbing
shrub, quite glabrous except the inflorescences ; tendrils unknown ;
young branches brown, dotted with lenticels. Leaves oblong or elliptic-
oblong, abruptly acuminate, cuneate at the base, 3-4 in. long, l|-l2 iii*
broad, wavy along the margins, coriaceous ; midrib fiat or convex
above, prominent below; secondary nerves 4-5 to an inch (15-20 on
each side) with parallel fainter tertiary nerves between them, like the
obscure reticulation very faintly raised on both sides ; petiole ^ in.
long. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, slightly exceeding the petioles ;
flowers distinctly, though shortly, pedicelled, very finely puberulous;
bracts minute. Calyx J lin. long, minutely pubescent ; sepals ovate,
subacute, ciliolate. Corolla glabrous without; tube subcylindric, IJ to
almost 2 lin. long, widest at the middle, pubescent within ; lobes
linear-oblorg, slightly longer than the tube. Stamens inserted slightly
below the middle ; anthers ovoid, minute, acute, as long, as the fila-
ments or longer, finally nodding. Ovary globose-ovoid, glabrous,
imperfectly 1 -celled, gradually passing into a very short style; stigma
globose-ovoid, apiculate, as long as the style. Ovules 2-seriate (?), 8-4
in each series. — Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 40 ; Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899),
3. Beih. 129.

Upper Ouineai Sierra Leone, Don/

6. C. orientalisy K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 315. A
shrub, quite glabrous except the inflorescences ; young branches brown,
dotted with numerous lenticels. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, ob-
tusely acuminate (acumen linear, up to 4 lin. long), acute or subcuneate
at the base, 3-3 j in. long, 1-1 1^ in. broad, slightly wavy along the
margins, coriaceous, somewhat glossy above ; midrib flat or slightly
sunk above, prominent below; secondary nerves 9-11 on each side,
straight, oblique, like the elegant reticulation raised on both sides ;
petiole 3-4 lin. long. Panicles compound, dense, very finely puberulous,
axillary and terminal, scarcely 1 in. long ; peduncle extremely short ;
bracts minute, ovate ; pedicels |-| lin. long. Calyx up to } lin. long,
minutely pubescent ; segments ovate, subacute, ciliolate. Corolla
minutely puberulous without ; tube inflated below the middle, 2-'2\ lin.
long, pubescent within ; lobes linear-oblong, as long as or slightly
shorter than the tube. Stamens inserted just below the middle of the
corolla-tube ; anthers orbicular-elliptic, obtuse, slightly longer than the

66 Lxxxiv. APocYNACEiE (stapf). [CUtandra.

filaments, scarcely J lin. long. Ovary globose-ovoid, glabrous, 2-celled,
contracted into a very short style ; stigma globose-ovoid, with a minute,
2-lobed apiculus; ovules 3-seriate, 3-4 in each series. — Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899),
8. Beih. 121 ; Hook. Ic. PL t. 2742.

nXozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Bukoba on Lake Victoria,
Stuhlmann, 1131 !

7. C. Barter!, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 20. A climbing
glabrous shrub, 12 ft. high, with hook-branched slender tendrils from
the branch-forks ; young branches dark reddish -brown, glossy, with
minute lenticels. Leaves elliptic or oblong, shortly and abruptly or
gradually acuminate or obtuse, shortly cuneate at the base, oJ-4 in.
long, 1 J-2 in. broad, thinly coriaceous, somewhat glossy above, opaque
beneath, margins slightly wavy ; midrib flat or obscurely channelled
above, slightly convex below; secondary nerves about 15 to an inch,
fine, raised on both sides, with still finer, parallel tertiary ones between
them ; petiole 3 J lin. long. Flowers sessile, few, glabrous, in small
axillary clusters, slightly exceeding the petioles ; bracts minute. Calyx
J lin. long, glabrous ; sepals ovate, obtuse, ciliolate. Corolla glabrous
without ; tube subcylindric, 2 J lin. long, widest at J from the base, very
pubescent" within ; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, rather longer than the
tube. Stamens inserted near the base ; anthers erect ; filaments slightly
curved, very short. Ovary ovoid-globose, passing into a stout style
which is shorter than the ovoid-conical stigma. — Pierre in Bull. Soc.
Linn. Paris, 1898, 40 ; Jumelle, PL a caoutch. et k gutta, 62 ; Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899),
3. Beih. 130.

Upper Guinea. Lagos : Eppah, Barter, 3310 !

8. C. visciflua, K. Schum. ex Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrh,
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 127, t. iv. fig. 1-5
partly. A climbing glabrous shrub with flagelliform tendrils from the
branch-forks ; young branches slender, reddish-brown or fuscous, with
inconspicuous minute lenticels. Ijeaves oblong-elliptic, abruptly acumi-
nate (acumen linear, obtuse, 3-6 lin. long), subcuneate or obtuse at the
base, 4-5 in. long, 2-2\ in. broad, thinly coriaceous, margins almost
flat ; midrib slightly sunk above, raised beneath ; secondary nerves fine,
4-6 to an inch, with still finer, parallel tertiary ones between them, all
slightly raised on both sides.; veins obscure beneath ; a distinct outer
marginal nerve running close to the margin (apart from the inner, which
consists of the arches connecting the lateral nerves) ; petiole 3|^-6 lin.
long, rather stout. Cymes glabrous, 6- or more flowered, as long as the
petioles or slightly longer ; bracts minute ; pedicels up to 1 J lin. long.
Calyx ^ lin. long, glabrous ; sepals ovate, subacute or obtuse, ciliolate.
Corolla white, glabrous without ; tube slender, subcylindric, slightly
widened just above the base, 3-4 lin. long ; lobes linear, subacute, 3-5^
lirj. long. Stamens inserted close to the base; filaments very short;
anthers cordate-oblong, acute. Ovary glabrous, globose, gradually

Cliiandra.] LXxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 67

passing into, or more or less distinct from, the cylindric style, about
J lin. long ; stigma clavate, slightly shorter than the style. Ovules in 2
series of 4 each.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Bipinde, in forest, Zenker, 1606 !

Var. /3 sclerophylla, Stapf. Leaves more coriaceous, with slightly revolute
margins and no distinct outer marginal nerve. Flowers larger ; corolla-tube 6-7 lin.
long; lobes 4 1- 5 lin. long. Ovary gradually passing into the style. — C. viscijlua,
Hallier f. I.e. partly. C. sclerophylla, K. Schum. MS.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Batanga, in forests, DinJclage, 840 ! 1161 !

Hallier describes the fruit (which I have not seen) of Dinklage, 1161, as globose,
over 2 in, in diam., dotted with minute warts, with a hard pericarp and numerous
seeds up to 8i lin. long. There is also, apart froiji tlie differences .mentioned above,
a difference in the faciesof this variety, suggesting a more than varietal rank.

9. C. Staudtii, Stapf. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the
inflorescences. Young branches rather slender, brown or blackish
when dry, smooth ; lenticels few and minute. Leaves lanceolate to
oblong, acute or subcuneate at the base, abruptly acuminate (acumen
linear, obtuse, up to 6 lin. long), 3J-5J in. long, 1 J-lf in. broad, cori-
aceous, fuscous when dry; midrib slightly sunk above, raised below;
secondary nerves about 4-6 to an inch, fine, very faintly raised on both
sides ; veins quite obscure ; marginal arches close to the margin without
an outer marginal nerve ; margin revolute ; petiole 4 lin. long. Cymes
^exclusive of the corollas) as long as the petioles or slightly longer,
5- to many-flowered, minutely and scantily pubescent ; bracts minute ;
pedicels up to 2 lin. long, slender. Calyx slightly over J lin. long,
glabrous ; sepals ovate, subacute or obtuse, ciliolate. Corolla white,
glabrous except the ciliolate lobes ; tube about 3 J lin. long, subcylindric,
slender, slightly widened just above the calyx ; lobes linear, subacute,
3-3 J lin. long. Stamens inserted near the base ; filaments very short ;
anthers oblong, subobtuse. Ovary turbinate-globose, truncate, top
pubescent ; style distinct, cylindric, very short ; stigma clavate, slightly
longer than the style. — G. viscijlua, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 128 partly.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Johann Albrecht's Hohe, in forest, Staudt,
860!

This is, no doubt, nearly allied to C. viscijlua, but distinguished by the narrower,
more coriaceous, more obscurely nerved leaves, the laxer, slightly puberulous inflores-
cences and the hairy ovary-top.

10. C. cirrhosa, Radlk. i7i Ahhandl. N'aturw. Ver. Bremen, viii.
(1883) 400. A climbing shrub with slender hook-branched tendrils ;
young branches dark reddish-brown, almost glossy, with minute
lenticels. Leaves elliptic, abruptly acuminate (acumen linear, obtuse,
up to \ in. long), rounded at the base, 2J-3| in. long, lJ-1 J in. broad,
thinly coriaceous, almost opaque ; margins slightly wavy ; midrib flat
or slightly convex above, slightly raised below ; secondary nerves about
15 to an inch, fine, faintly raised on both sides with still finer, parallel
tertiary ones between them; petiole 2-4 lin. long. Cymes many-

68 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [CHtandva.

flowered, glabrous, slightly exceeding the petioles ; bracts minute ;
pedicels up to 1^^ lin. long. Calyx -J lin. long, glabrous ; sepals obtuse,
ciliolate. Corolla white, glabrous without ; tube slender, subcylindric,
widest at 1 J lin. from the base, 5-G lin. long ; lobes obovate, obtuse, half
as long as the tube. Stamens inserted 1 J lin. above the base of the
corolla ; filaments slightly bent ; anthers erect, as long as the filaments,
lanceolate, acute. Ovary truncate, glabrous ; style slender, cylindric,
^-^ lin. long; stigma ovoid to ovoid-oblong, shorter than the style, not
reaching to the anthers. Ovules 4-seriate. — K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xxiii. 219; Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 40; Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899),
3. Beih. 129.

Upper Guinea. Camcroons : ]iipindc, in forest, Zenker, 1628 ! Yaunde, in
forest, Zenker, 461 ! 682 !

Ttovrer Guinea. Gaboon: without precise locality, Klaine, 373^is ! 373tert
Loango : Chinchocho, in forests, Soyaux, 183 ! Congo : witliont precise locality,
Demeuse, 480 !

According to a note by Zenker, the fruit is pear-shaped, not quite 1 in. long
and edible ; Delpy represents it, in a drawing from Klaine's specimen, 373^^^ as
globose, sometimes apiculate, and about 1^ in. in diam.

11. C. Schweinfurthii, Stapf in Kevj Bulletin, 1894, 20. A
climbing shrub ; tendrils unknown ; young branches pale greyish-
brown, lower down dotted with reddish spots, at length equally reddish-
brown. Leaves elliptic, abruptly acuminate (acumen short, obtuse),
cuneate at the base, 2^-2| in. long, 1 J-lJ in. broad, thinly coriaceous,
slightly glossy above, opaque and glaucous beneath ; margins almost
flat; midrib flat above, slightly convex below; secondary nerves 10-11
to an inch, fine, slightly raised on both sides, with still finer parallel
tertiary ones between them ; petiole 2-3 lin, long. Cymes few-flowered,
glabrous, axillary, (exclusive of the corollas) as long as or shorter than
the petioles ; bracts minute ; pedicels less than 1 lin. long. Calyx J lin.
long, glabrous ; sepals ovate, subacute, ciliolate. Corolla glabrous
without; tube slender, cylindric, slightly widened above the base, 4 lin.
long, pale yellow, almost glabrous within ; lobes white, linear, subacute,
8 lin. long. Stamens inserted near the base ; filaments very short ;
anthers lanceolate, acute. Ovary globose-ovoid, passing into the short
style ; stigma ovoid ; ovules 3-4-seriate. — Jumelle, PI. a caoutch. et a
gutta, G2; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 126.

irile ]Land. British East Africa : Bongo ; between tlie River Pongo and
River Getti, Schweinfurlh, ser. iii, 68 !

Hallier (I.e.) also refers to this species a specimen collected by Dewevre on tbc
Lower Congo (625), which I enumerated as Clitandra sp. in De Wild. & Durand,
Contrib. Fl. Congo, fasc. i. 34. I there pointed out that the leaves' much resemble
those of C. Schweinfurthii, but could not identify it in the absence of flowers.
Schweinfurth describes the fruit as globose and about 2 in. in diam. Dewevre's
fruit is also globose, 1^ in. in diam., reddish-brown and dotted with numerous pale
leuticels.

Clitandra.'] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (stapf). 69

12. C. Mannii, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1804, 20. A tall, climbing
shrub with flagelliform tendrils from the branch-forks ; young branches
reddish- brown, soon turning grey, with very minute lenticels. Leaves
ovate, oblong or elliptic, rather abruptly acuminate (acumen up to 7 lin.
long, narrowly linear, obtuse), acute or subobtuse at the base, 2;J-4 in.
long, l|-lj in. broad, thinly coriaceous; margins often slightly wavy ;
midrib flat or subconvex above, slightly prominent below ; secondary
nerves very fine, often faint, scarcely raised on either side, secondary
and tertiary ones almost alike, the former about 4-G to an inch ; petiole
2-;> lin. long. Panicles short, axillary and terminal, few- to 20-
flowered, lax, glabrous, up to 1 in. long ; peduncles and pedicels very
slender, the former up to 4 lin. long (sometimes hardly any), the latter
up to 2 lin. long; bracts minute. Calyx J-| lin. long, glabrous ; sepals
ovate or ovate-oblong, acute, ciliolate. Corolla yellowish-white, quite
glabrous, 2|-3 lin. long in bud; buds very slender, slightly curved;
tube subcampanulate, scarcely | lin. long ; lobes linear, obtuse, '2,-'2}2
lin. long. Filaments very short, inserted at the middle of the tube ;
anthers lanceolate, acute, reaching to the mouth of the corolla. Ovary
ovoid, passing into the short style ; stigma clavate, more or less minutely
2-lobed. Ovules 4-seriate, few in each series. — Jumelle, PL a caoutchouc
et a gutta, Q'2 ; Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 40 ; Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1890),
3. Beih. 125. A'phanostylis Mannii, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris,
1898, 89. A. exserens, Pierre, I.e. 90. Carpodinus ea.'.sere?is, K. Schum.
in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 219.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Bagru River, 3Iann, 848 ! Cameroons : com-
mon near Yaunde, 2400 ft., Zenker Sf Staudf, 123 ! Bipinde, Zenker, 1237 ! 1621 !
Ziower Guinea. Gaboon : Como Hirer, 75-80 miles inland, Bates, 4G4 !

Hallier f. also refers here a fruiting specimen collected by Pogire (694!) in the
Congo Tree State. The fruits are pear-shaped, over 1 in. long, 1 in. thick, drab with
large circnlar rougli cinnamon coloured patches. The leaves are extremely like those
of C. Mannii, but tlie determination appears to me nevertheless still doubtful. The
Sierra Leone specimens differ from the others in having smaller panicles with smaller
flowers and slightly thinner leaves.

18. C. laxiflora, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrh. Ilamhurg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 124. A glabrous climbing
shrub with terminal, very slender, hook-branched tendrils ; young
branches slender ; bark light brown with numerous whitish lenticels.
Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate, rounded
at the base, 21-3|- in. long, Ij-lf in. broad, papery, light brownish-
green when dry, opaque ; midrib slightly convex on both sides ;
secondary nerves very fine, slightly raised on both sides, much spread-
ing, unequal, 4-G 'to an inch ; petiole 2-2^- lin. long. Panicles short,
axillary and terminal, usually few-flowered, lax, pubescent or almost
glabrous, up to IJ in. long; peduncles and pedicels very slender, the
former up to 7 lin. long, the latter up to 2 lin. long; bracts minute.
Calyx j lin. long, glabrous ; sepals ovate, acute or subobtuse, ciliolate,

70 LXXXiT. APOCYXACEiE (stapf). [CUtandra.

Corolla almost glabrous without, yellow, up to 6 lin. long in bud ; buds
very slender, slightly curved ; tube subcampanulate, scarcely 1 J lin.
long, pubescent within; lobes linear, very narrow, 4-5 lin. long. Filaments
short ; anthers lanceolate-oblong, acute. Ovary sulcata, scantily
hispidulous, forming together with the thick style a conical body ;
stigma ovoid. Ovules 4-seriate, 3-5 in each series. Fruit globose-
ellipsoid, less than 1 in. long, on slender pedicels. — Qarpodinus cymu-
losa, Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 87 (not of Benth.). Carpodiiius
incerta, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 2, 132 (incom-
pletely described). C. laxijlora, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 220.
Aphanostylis laxijlora, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn> Paris, 1898, 90.

Upper Guinea. French Guinea: Futa Jallon; near Bayabaya, Scott-Elliot^
4547 ! Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Togo : Katschenki, Kling, 7 ! Misahohe, Baumann,
514!

14. C. leptantha, Hallierf. Kautschuklianen in Jahrh. Uamhurg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 123, t. iv. fig. 6. A climbing
shrub, 9-10 ft. high, with tendrils from the branch-forks or (appa-
rently ?) from the axils of fallen leaves ; branches rather stout, brown,
more or less sulcate, rough from brownish lenticels. Leaves oblong,
abruptly acuminate (acumen very narrow, 4-5 lin. long), acute or sub-
acute at the base, 4-6 in. long, lJ-2^ in. broad, coriaceous; midrib
slightly convex above, prominent below ; secondary nerves distant, 7-8
on each side, rather inconspicuous above, slightly raised below ; petiole
lJ-3 lin. long. Cymes few- to 12-flowered, very minutely puberulous,
slightly exceeding the petioles, sometimes on the old wood from the
axils of fallen leaves ; bracts minute ; pedicels up to 1 lin. long. Calyx
\ lin. long, scantily pubescent towards the base ; sepals ovate, subacute,
minutely ciliolate. Corolla glabrous on both sides, 3J-4J lin. long in
bud ; tube uiceolate-campanulate, scarcely 1 lin. long ; lobes linear-
oblong, obtuse, 2^-3 lin. long. Stamens inserted below the middle of
the tube ; filaments very short ; anthers erect, ovate- lanceolate. Ovary
very shortly cylindric, minutely hairy, passing into the glabrous, sulcate,
very short style ; stigma conical and 2-lobed. Fruit cylindric- oblong,
2 in. long, 10 lin. in diam., orange-coloured mottled with brown, seeds
6-7 lin. long. — Carpodinus leptantha, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. 2, 132, not of Stapf. Aphanostylis leptantha, Pierre in
Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 89, 90.

Upper Guinea. Camoroons : Bipinde, in the forest of Mimfia, Zenker^
1903a!

ILower Guinea. Qaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 233 ! 250 ! and
without precise locality, Klaine, 1158 ! 1159 I

15. C. flayidiflora, Ualli&r f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrh. Ham-
burg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 124. A tall glabrous
climbing shrub ; tendrils not seen ; young branches dark brown, some-
what rough with numerous small lenticels. Leaves obloiig or elliptic-
oblong, abruptly and shortly acuminate, acute or subacute at the base,
3J-5J in. long, 1 J-2J in. broad, thinly coriaceous ; midrib flat or sub-
convex above, slightly raised beneath ; secondary nerves distant, about

Clitandra.'] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 71

7-9 on each side, slightly raised on both sides ; petiole 3-3^ lin. long.
Cymes rather lax, G-Q-flowered ; bracts small, ovate, ciliolate ; pedicels
slender, up to 2^ lin. long. Calyx almost 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate,
acute, minutely ciliolate. Corolla whitish or yellowish, waxy, G lin. long
in bud, glabrous on both sides ; tube urceolate, slightly exceeding 1 lin. ;
lobes linear, slightly broader at the base, obtuse, 5 lin. lone:. Filaments
short, inserted just below the middle of the tube ; anthers oblong, obtuse.
Ovary turbinate, sulcate, glabrous, gradually narrowed into the sub-
cylindric sulcate style ; stigma minute, globose-ovoid, obscurely 2-lobed.
Ovules multiseriate, numerous. — Carpodinus flavidiflora^ K. Schum. in
Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 220. Aphanostylis Jiavidiflora, Pierre in Bull. Soc.
Linn. Paris, 1898, 90.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : forest near Yaunde, 2400 ft., Zenker, 804 !
Bipinde, in forest, 500 ft., Zenker^ 1750 !

Dinklag-e, 1621 ! from Liberia (according to tlie collector a rubber climber highly
appreciated by the natives) is mentioned by Hallier (I.e.) as coming very near to
C.fiavidifiora. The specimen in the Berlin Herbarium is so fragmentaiy that not
even the genus can be ascertained with certainty.

1 6. C. robustior, K. Schum. in Engl, d: Prantl, Pjianzeiifam. iv.
2, 130. A tall, twining (?), glabrous shrub; young branches reddish-
brown, when dry grooved and wrinkled, with numerous brown lenticels.
Leaves oblong to elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate
(acumen linear, up to 5 lin. long, 1 J lin. broad), subacute at the base,
3 to over G in. long, 1J-2J in. broad, thinly coriaceous; midrib flat or
slightly sunk above, distinctly prominent below ; secondary nerves
distant, about 7 on each side, connected by bold arches, which are rather
distant from the margins, slightly channelled above, raised below ; veins
inconspicuous ; petiole about 3 lin. long, channelled. Flowers sessile
in dense, sessile, axillary and terminal, almost glabrous, many-flowered
clusters ; bracts minute. Calyx J lin. long ; sepals ovate, acute, ciliolate.
Corolla sweet-scented, glabrous without, about 5-6 lin. long in bud ;
buds slender ; tube pink, spindle-shaped, widest just below the middle,
2-3J lin. long, scantily hairy within ; lobes white, linear, obtuse, as
long as the tube. Filaments slender, \ lin. long, inserted at J from the
base of the corolla-tube ; anthers ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, f lin.
long. Ovary subglobose, truncate, minutely hairy at the top ; style very
short ; stigma subcylindric, deeply bifid, with a ring of minute hairs at
the base, scarcely reaching the anthers. Ovules 2-seriate, 3-4 in each
series. Fruit ovoid, orange-coloured, much smaller than that of Lan-
dolphia Jiorida (ex Hallier). — C. 7}iyriantha, K. Schum. ex Pierre in
Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 40; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 121. Carpodinns
TTiyriantha, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 221. Landolphia sp.,
K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 409 (specim. coll. by Preuss). L. Frevssii,
K. Schum. ex Dew^vre,Caoutch, Afr. Monogr. Landolph. 56. L. Mannii^
Pew6vre, I.e. partly (not of Dyer).

72 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [CHtandra.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : between Kumba and Ikiliwindi, near Barombi*
Freuss, 390 ! Yaunde, in forest, 2400 ft., Zenker Sf Standi^ 193 ! 197 ! Lolodorf , in
uioist shady forest, 1500-1800 ft., Staudt, 108 !

South Central. Congo Free State, between Nyangwe and Kimbundu, Togge^
1015 !

Imperfectly known species.

17. Aphanostylis pyramidata, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris,
1898, 89, 90; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 124. Landolphia {^)
pyramidata, Pierre, I.e. 89.

3Lower Guinea. Gaboon, Autran, 9.

This is only known from some fruits drawn by Delpy from a specimen in Pierre's
Herbarium. The fruits are conico-cylindrical, truncate at both ends, 2^ in. long and
1-1;^ in. in diiim. The seeds are semigloboseor oblong or wedge-shaped. I suspect
it is a species of Carpodinus.

4. CARPODINUS, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 693.

Calyx small ; sepals 5 or 4, ovate ; hairy, rarely glabrous, eglandular.
Corolla salver-shaped; tube cylindric, 4-12 lin. long, rarely shorter,
usually slender, widened and staminiferous just below the mouth ;
mouth naked, often much constricted by a callous ring ; lobes 5, narrow,
overlapping to the left. Stamens included ; filaments very short,
slender; anthers lanceolate, acute, obscurely 2-lobed at and dehiscent
to the base. Disc 0. Ovary entire, hairy, rarely glabrous (§ Stereoneuron),
1 -celled ; placentas 2, parietal ; style filiform, very slender, usually long ;
stigma surrounded by the anthers, more or less annulate at the base,
ovoid-subulate or conical above, bifid; ovules numerous, pluriseriate.
Fruit a globose, ovoid, conical or pear-shaped berry, sometimes very
large. Seeds not very numerous, embedded in a juicy pulp, ovoid, com-
pressed or irregularly flattened ; albumen bony ; cotyledons foliaceous,
very thin ; radicle short. — Hairy or glabrous shrubs, usually climbing
with flagelliform (often hook -branched) terminal or axillary tendrils,
rarely undershrubs throwing up fresh shoots yearly. Leaves opposite,
very rarely 3-4-nate, usually middle-sized, rarely up to 12 in. long or
below 2 in. ; secondary nerves usually distant, never very close ; axillary
stipules 0 ; axillary glands subulate, usually few and short in § Djeratonia
(except C. rufinervis), very obscure in some species of § Antchinea,
otherwise 0. Flowers middle-sized, rarely less than | in. long in the
mature bud, usually sessile or subsessile, solitary or in axillary much
contracted few-flowered clusters, rarely distinctly or even long pedicelled,
and solitary or in axillary and terminal or exclusively terminal very
few-flowered cymes.

Over 25 endemic species, some incompletely known.

*Djeeatonia. — Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, glabrous or hairy below ;
secondary nerves distant, oblique, about 4-8 on each side, much raised below, connected
by bold arches rather remote from the margins; midrib finely channelled above, much
raised below. Flowers sessile or subsessile in axillary clusters. Ovary hairy.

Ca7'podinus.]

LXXXIV. APOCYNACE^ (sTAPf).

78

f Leaves glabrous or inore or less sparingly hairy on the midrib and sometimes
the secondary nerves below.

Leaf-base acute or obtuse, not (or obscurely in
C. hirsuta) cordate.
Leaves like the young shoots glabrous, usually
thin, chartaceous.
Leaves 6-12 in. by 3|-7 in. ; flowers up to

If in. long in bud" . . . . 1. C. maxima.

Leaves smaller; flowers smaller, or if as long
very slender.
Calyx and corolla finely tomentose ; leaves

6-9 in long 2. C. uniflora.

Calyx and corolla glabrous except on tlie
ciliolate margins of the former ; leaves
3-4 in. long.
Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, 3-4 in. by 1-li in. ;
corolla about 1 in. long . . . 3. C Schlechteri.

Leaves papery, oblong-elliptic, 4-5 in.
by 1^-2^ in ; corolla up to If in.
long ." . . . . . 4. C. congolensis.

Leaves sparingly hairy on the midrib when young,
coriaceous or chartaceous; young shoots
more or less hirsute.
Corolla 6-8 lin. long . .. . . . 5. C. dulcis.

Corolla up to 4 lin. long . . . . 6. C. hirsuta.

Leaf-base minutely but distinctly cordate.

Corolla finely rusty pubescent without, 11-15 lin.

long in bud 7. C. Barteri.

Corolla glabrous without, under 11 lin. long.
Sepals hairy, acuminate, corolla-lobes as long

as the tube • . 8. C. parviflora.

Sepals quite glabrous except on the ciliolate
margins, subacute; corolla-lobes shorter

than the tube 9. C. ienuifolia.

ff Leaves very finely pubescent or more or less papillose beneath all over.
Leaves distinctly dotted beneath ; secondary nerves
about 9 on each side ; sepals united almost to

the middle 10. C. Klainei.

Leaves not dotted beneath ; secondary nerves 6-8

on each side ; sepals free or nearly so . . 11. C. rufinervis.

**Antchinea. — Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite glabrous; secondary
nerves usually more or less horizontal, somewhat closer than in the preceding section,
connected by rather flatter arches closer to the margin ; midrib usually wide and
rather flat, more or less sunk between two raised lines above, flattened below.
Flowers sessile or subsessile in axillary clusters, rarely in axillary and terminal sub-
sessile cymes. Ovary hairy.

Flowers distinctly but shortly pedicelled, in axillary
and terminal subsessile cymes ; secondary nerves
oblique ......••

Flowers sessile or subsessile in sessile axillary clusters;
secondary nerves more or less horizontal.
Sepals 5 ; corolla 14-5 lin. long.
Corolla 14r-7 lin, long.

12. C. landolphioides.

74 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACiLE (stapf). \Carpodinu8.

Calyx more or less pubescent; leaves 4-6 in. by
l|-2i in.
Corolla glabrous, violet, 12-14 lin. long in

bud ....... 13. C. violacea.

Corolla finely pubescent without, white, 6|-8

lin. long in bud 14. C. suhrepanda.

Calyx quite glabrous ; leaves 3-5 in. by 1-2 in. . 15. C. glabra.
Corolla 7-5 lin. long in bud.

Leaves long and narrowly acuminate ; corolla

about 7 lin. long ; anthers glabrous . . 16. C. leptantha.
Leaves shortly acuminate ; corolla about 5 lin.

long ; anthers penicillate . . .17. C. trichanthera.

Sepals 4; corolla li-2 in. long in bud.

Leaves oblong, shortly acuminate ; corolla-lobes

as long as the tube or slightly shorter . . 18. C. iurhinata:

Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, gradually
tapering into a rother long acumen ; corolla-
lobes longer than the tube . . . . 19. C. ligustrifolia.

###Steeeokeueon. — Climbing or dwarf, erect or prostrate shrubs. Leaves
opposite, scantily hairy or glabrous; secondary nerves rnther close, 9-12 on each side,
connected by rather flat and faint arches near the margin, obscure above ; midrib
flat or slightly convex on both sides. Flowers in axillary and terminal few-flowered
cymes or solitary, distinctly, and even long pedicelled. Ovary glabrous.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, l|-2^ in. by 7-12 lin. ;
secondary nerves 12 on each side ; a dwarf

shrub . . ' 20. C. gracilis.

Leaves thickly coriaceous, 2:^-4 in. by l:j-l2 i"* '•>
secondary nerves 9-11 on each side ; a
climber . . . . . . . 21. C macrantha.

****Rhizochyla. — Dwarf undersbrubs, throwing up yearly fresh, subherbaceous
shoots. Leaves frequently 3-4-nate, lanceolate; secondary nerves 10-15 on (ach
side, faint; midrib channelled above. Flowers in terminal and subterminal few-
flowered cymes, pedicelled. Ovary hairy.

Only species 22. C. lanceolata.

1 . C. xnaxixna, K. Schum. ex nallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrhi
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 105. A large climber
with long flagelliform, branched tendrils, glabrous except the flowers ;
branches stout ; bark brown, rough ; lenticels large, numerous. Leaves
large, elliptic, narrowed into an acute base, obtuse or abruptly acuminate,
6-12 in. long, 3J-7 in. broad, papery, thin, glabrous, dotted with minute
cork-warts below ; midrib channelled above, channel very narrow in the
upper |, wider below ; secondary nerves about 8-9 on each side, finely
channelled above, like the midrib very prominent below, connected by
bold arches rather distant from the margin ; veins fine; petiole stout, 6-15
lin. long. Flowers in axillary subsessile minutely bracteate clusters^ large.
Calyx IJ lin. long; sepals 5, subequal, ovate, acute, fulvo-pubescent,
ciliolate. Corolla white ; tube slender, 6 (according to Hallier up to 10)
lin. long, widened below the mouth, glabrous without, finely puberulous
\vithiji in the upper part ; lobes linear-lanceolate, subobtuse, 8-9 lip,

Carpodinus.] Lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 75

long, IJ lin. broad. Ovary rufo-pubescent ; style 3J-4J lin. long, rough
with minute curved hairs. Fruit globose, very large, orange-coloured
(Dinklage).

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Batanga, in forest, Dinklage, 710 ! Bipinde,
in forest, climbing into the highest trees, Zenker, 1573 !

Hallier also referred two specimens collected in the Cameroons by Dinklage
(1060 ! 1457 !), to C. maxima, from which both are certainly distinct, but the material
is too incomplete for description. No. 1060 has very large elliptic leaves (12 in.
by 7 in.) with a broad, abruptly subacute base and very fine indumentum, and
numerous dots below. No. 1457 has similar, but narrower and perfectly glabrou?
leaves.

2. C. uniflora, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 19. A climbing
shrub with pseudo-axillary tendrils ; branches finely rusty- hairy when
young, soon quite glabrous except the flowers, pale brown ; lenticels
few. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, abruptly and obtusely acuminate;
cuneate at the base, 6-9 in. long, 2 in. broad, pale green on both sides
or almost glaucous above (dark green when fresh according to Dink-
lage) ; midrib narrowly channelled above ; secondary nerves 6-8 on
each side, finely channelled above, prominent below, connected by bold
arches rather distant from the margin ; petiole stout, 4-6 lin. long.
Flowers axillary, solitary, subsessile ; bracts 4, broad, ovate, obtuse,
finely pubescent. Calyx IJ lin. long; sepals similar to the bracts.
Corolla violet ; tube rather wide, 6|^-7 lin. long, widened below the
mouth, finely pubescent without, slightly pubescent within ; lobes
linear-lanceolate or linear, as long as the tube. Ovary and style- base
shortly fulvo-tomentose ; style stouter than in the other species. Fruit
citron-yellow {Dinklage). — Oliver in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2340; Jumelle, PI.
k caoutch. et a gutta, 62; Pierre in Bull. See. Linn. Paris, 1898, 37 ;
Hallier f . Kautschukliauen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt.
xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 106. C. dedpiens, Pierre, I.e. 37 (name only) ;
Hallier f.. I.e. 109 (name only).

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Ebea Falls, Dinklage, 231 ! 872 !

Ziower Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 269 ! and without
precise locality, Klaine, 910 !

Soynux states that this species yields a very fine rubber. Dinklage, 1270 ! from
Batanga, quoted by Hallier, I.e. under C. unijiora, is evidently some other species,
perhaps C. parvijlora ; but the specimen is too defective for determination.

3. C. Schlechteri, K. Schum. in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-
Exped. 306 {name only), 305 with fig. A tall, glabrous climber, with
flagelliform tendrils from the branch- forks. Leaves lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, obtuse or subacute at the ba^e,
3-4 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, coriaceous, glabrous ; midrib channelled
above, raised below ; secondary nerves about 6 on each side, connected
by bold arches (rather remote from the margin), finely channelled
above, raised below; reticulation conspicuous, raised on both sides;
petiole up to 3 lin. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, subsessile. Calyx
1| lin. long; sepals 4, ovate, subacute, membranous, ciliolate, otherwise
glabrous. Corolla 1 in. long in bud ; tube slightly widened below the

76 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [CarpocUnus,

mouth, 5-G lin. long; lobes linear, subacute, about as long as the tube.
Ovary finely pubescent ; style slender, puberulous.

Xiower Guinea. Lower Congo : Kinchassa, on Stanley Pool, Schlechier,
12804 !

4. C. congolensisy Stapf in Kew Bulletin^ 1898, 303. Climbing
shrub with slender, flagelliform tendrils, quite glabrous ; young
branches reddish-brown ; lenticels minute. Leaves oblong to elliptic,
abruptly acuminate (acumen linear, 2-4 lin. long), subacute, rarely
rounded at the base, 4-5 in. long, 1 J-2 in. broad, green, thin, papery ;
midrib channelled above, channel rather wide in the upper part ;
secondary nerves 5-G on each side, rather fine, connected by bold
arches distant from the margin ; petiole slender, 2-4 lin. long. Flowers
sessile, axillary, solitary (always ?) ; bracts few, very small. Calyx
glabrous, 1 lin. long or rather more; sepals broadly ovate, obtuse,
ciliolate. Corolla-tube very slender, widened near the mouth, 9-11
lin. long, glabrous without, hairy below the stamens within ; lobes
linear, as long as the tube or rather longer. Anthers 1 lin. long or more.
Ovary and style pubescent. — Stapf in De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl.
Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 2, i. 34 ; De Wild. & Durand,
Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3, ii. 146.

Xiower Guinea. liower Congo : Bingila, Dupuis ! Portuguese Congo ?
Chimbete, Dewtvre, 311 !

Hallier f. (Knutschuklianen in Jalirb. Hamburg. Wissenscli. Ansttilt. xvii. (1899),
3. Beih. 109) reduced C. congolensis to C. iurhinata^ from wliidi it is, bowever, quite
distinct.

5. C. dulcis, Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. v. 455. A climbing
shrub with long terminal or pseudo-axillary flagelliform, scantily
branch-hooked tendrils ; young branchlets finely fulvo-hirsute, soon
more or less glabrescent and pale brown or grey ; lenticels few, in-
conspicuous. Leaves oblong, indistinctly acuminate or obtuse, rarely
acute, rounded at the base, 3-4^ in. long, l|-2 in. broad, coriaceous,
when young fulvo-hirsute, soon glabrescent ; midrib narrowly chan-
nelled above, much raised below ; lateral nerves usually 7 on each
side, slightly channelled above, prominent below, connected, by bold
arches rather distant from the margin ; petiole 2-2 J lin. long. Cymes
axillary, subsessile, contracted, finely fulvo-hirsute, few to 1 -flowered ;
flowers sessile ; bracts generally 4 to each flower, oblong, the inner
small, adpressed to the calyx, and like it fulvo-hirsute. Calyx IJ lin.
long; sepals ovate, subacute, ciliolate. Corolla-tube 3-4 lin. long,
widened below the mouth, almost glabrous ; lobes lanceolate, as long as
the tube. Ovary fulvo-hirsute above the middle. Style very slender,
minutely puberulous, almost up to 3| lin. long including the stigma.
Fruits solitary, rarely in pairs, globose, apiculate, yellow, of the size of
a small lemon. Seeds about 12, 3 lin. long. — DC. Prod. viil. 329 ;
Hook. Niger Fl. 446 ; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 141, 292, 321 ; Stapf
in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2568; Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 36,
37 ; Jumelle, PI. k caoutchouc et a gutta, 62 ; Hallier f. Kautschuk-
lianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih.

Caiyodinus.'] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 77

107; Warb. Kautbchukpfl. 120; Ohevalier, G6ogr. Bot. Senegal et
Soudan, 223.

Upper Guinea. Cape Verd Isles : San Jago, Bocande (ex Hallier f.) Sene-
gambia, Heudelot ! Sierra Leone : Freetown, Don ! Bunce Island, Kirk ! all over
the inland country to the headwaters of the Niger, common on the laterite plateau,
Scott-Elliot, 4249 ! 4275a ! 4294 ! 5091 ! 5127 ! 5885 !

The fruit (sweet " Pishamin ") is eaten by the natives, and the milky juice of
the plant used as birdlime according to Scott-Elliot, whilst Jumelle and Planchon
say that it yields an inferior class of rubber.

6. C. hirsuta^ Hua ex Chevalier in Bull. Mies. Hist. Nat. Paris,
vi. (1900) 308. A tall, robust, climbing shrub, with scanty tendrils;
young branches rather stout, densely hirsute with violet spreading
hairs ; bark soon blackish-brown, dotted with numerous white lenticels.
Leaves oblong, abruptly, shortly and acutely acuminate or acute, sub-
truncate or obscurely cordate at the base, 3-4 J in. long, 1^-2 in. broad
(those of barren shoots up to 7 in. by 3J in), papery to subcoriaceous,
glabrescent above, hirsute along the nerves below ; secondary nerves
6-8 on each side, oblique, curved, like the midrib finely channelled
above, raised below; transverse veins fine, distant; reticulation delicate,
often obscure ; petiole about 5 lin. long. Flowers sessile in compact,
sessile, axillary clusters ; bracts fulvo-tomentose, similar to the sepals,
but broader. Calyx densely pubescent, 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate-oblong,
obtii.se. Corolla small; tube fulvo-pubescent without above the glabrous
base, 2 lin. long ; lobes linear, subacute, 2 lin. long, J lin. wide. Stamens
inserted above the middle ; anthers ovate, acute, scarcely | lin. long,
almost reaching to the mouth. Ovary truncate-subglobose, fulvo-tomen-
tellous in the upper part ; style glabrous, including the clavate, bifid
stigma over J lin. long. Fruit globose, smooth, resembling an orange,
2-3J in. in diam. ; seeds 9 lin. long and almost as broad, in a yellow
edible pulp. — Hua, I.e. 312-317 ; Chevalier, Geogr. Bot. Senegal et
Soudan, 223.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ; Fogny, by the River Casamanze, in Bignonia
forests. Chevalier ; Sinedone, 40 miles from the coast, Rarems (ex Chevalier).
French Guinea : Futa Jallon ; Bambaya, Paroisse (1898) 8. Dubreka, Bouery ;
Tanene, near Konakry, Lecerf ! Poisson J

The description (except that of the fruit) was drawn up from a specimen
collected by Lecerf near Konakry, which agrees completely with the following barren
specimens in the Kew Herbarium : Gold Coast ; Aquapim, Horton ! Lagos, " Ibo
tree," Moloney ! Higgins^ 19 ! It comes also very near to C.fulva, Pierre, which
is known only from leaf specimens and fruits. This Ibo tree is supposed to yield
part of the rubber of the Gold Coast Colony and Lagos.

7. C. Barteriy Stapf in Kew Bulletin^ 1894, 19. A climber,
8-12 ft. high, with slender terminal or pseudo-axillary tendrils ;
youngest branches and inflorescences hirsute with short reddish-brown
hairs ; otherwise glabrous or with a few scattered hairs ; bark greyish-
brown, dotted with lenticels. Leaves broad elliptic, 2-4 in. long, 1-2 J
(rarely 3) in. broad, cordate at the base, usually obtuse or rounded at
the apex, rarely shortly acuminate, coriaceous, finely rusty pubescent in
a very young state, soon glabrescent ; midrib narrowly channelled ;

78 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Cai'podinus.

nerves channelled above, prominent betieath, 4-5 on each side, distant,
connected by bold arches distant from the margin ; petioles 2-2J lin.
long. Flowers sessile in axillary sessile contracted few- to 10-flowered
rusty pubescent clusters ; bracts at the base of the flowers mostly
solitary or suppressed, small, ovate. Calyx 1-1 J lin. loDg; sepals ovate,
obtuse, ciliolate and pubescent on the back, distinctly connate at the
base. Corolla entirely violet, or white at the throat (or entirely white ?) ;
tube slender, widened below the mouth, 4- 8 J lin. long, rusty pubescent
without, almost glabrous within ; lobes lanceolate, as long as the tube,
or nearly so. Ovary hirsute except at the very base ; style slender,
with a few scattered minute hairs. Young fruit pear-shaped, soon
glabrescent. — Jumelle, PI. a caoutchouc et a gutta, C2 ; Pierre in Bull.
Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 37 ; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Ham-
burg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 107. C. paucifloi-a,
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 131 ; Hallier f. I.e. 108.

Upper Guinea. Togo : Jego River, Kling, 51 ! Misahohe, Baumann, 304 !
Lagos, Barter, 20138 ! Moloney, xi. ! Roland ! Millen, 23 ! 47 ! 155 ! 169 !
Punch 43 ! New Calabar ; Degema, Holland, 148 ! Old Calabar River, Mann,
2261 ! Cameroous : Batanga, Binklage, 1366 ! Bates, 202 !

Moloney states that the plant yields a kind of rubber.

The flowers are violet according to Millen and Dinklage, or pale violet with a
white throat according to C. Baumann. Bates describes them, however, as white.
Tlie leaves of Bates' plant are also mostly distinctly and acutely acuminate and more
densely spotted with black dots than in the other specimens of C. Barteri.

8. C. parviflora, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 19. A scandent
shrub, up to 30 ft. high, with flagelliform scantily hook-branched
pseudo-axillary tendrils ; young branches more or less hirsute, finally
often glabrescent, pale-brown ; lenticels few. Leaves oblong or obovate-
oblong, narrowly and acutely acuminate, slightly cordate at the base,
3J-5 in. long, lJ-2 in. broad, coriaceous, 'sparingly hairy on the midrib
below or quite glabrous, pale green above when dry ; secondary nerves
5-7 on each side, like the midrib finely channelled above and very
prominent below, connected by bold arches rather distant from the
margin. Flowers sessile, axillary, solitary or in few-flowered clusters ;
bracts very small, hirsute. Calyx 1\ lin. long ; sepals almost free, sub-
acuminate, with short spreading hairs. Corolla-tube slender, slightly
widened below the mouth, glabrous without, almost glabrous within,
3J lin. long ; lobes lanceolate, as long as the tube or slightly longer.
Ovary elongate, finely villous ; style pubescent. Fruit ovoid, produced
into a short beak, If in. long, 10 lin. broad. Seeds about 6, pale brown,
6 lin. long. — Jumelle, PI. a caoutch. et a gutta, 62 ; Pierre in Bull. Soc.
Linn. Paris, 1898, 37 ; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg,
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 108. C. flava, Pierre, I.e.
(name only) ; Hallier f. I.e. 109. Djeratonia sp., Pierre, I.e.

Xiower Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyauvc, 184 ! 219 !
Libreville, Klaine, 291 ! and without precise locality, Klaine, 1155 !

9. C. tenuifolia, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 37 (name
only). A climbing shrub, with very slender flagelliform axillary or

Carpodiiius.^ lxxxiv. apocynace^ (stapp). 79

terminal tendrils ; branches very slender, hispid, finally glabrescent
reddish-brown ; lenticels very minute. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong
gradually and acutely acuminate, cordate at the base, 3-8^ in. long
l^-2§ in. broad, thin, papery, glabrous above, sparingly hispid or almost
glabrous on the midrib beneath, dull green ; midrib very finely chan-
nelled above ; secondary nerves 6-7 on each side, fine, straight
prominent below ; connecting arches 2-2J lin. from the margin, rather
flat ; veins inconspicuous ; petiole 1-2 lin. long, slender. Flowers
solitary, axillary, subsessile ; bracts very minute. Calyx 1 lin. long ;
sepals 5, almost free, ovate, subacute, thin except the midrib, ciliolate.
Corolla glabrous ; tube very slender, almost 6 lin. long, slightly widened
below the mouth ; lobes linear, obtuse, 4 J lin. long. Ovary oblong,
pubescent like the style. — Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Ham-
burg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 109 (name only).
&ower Guinea. Gaboon, Klaine, 1103 !

10, C. Klaineiy Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38 {name
only). A climbing shrub ; tendrils not seen ; branches reddish, very
minutely papillose-pubescent ; lenticels minute, white. Leaves oblong,
acuminate, acute at the base, Q-Q^ in. long, 2-2J in. broad, coriaceous,
glabrous and dull green above, more or less covered with a scanty
rufous very minutely papillose pubescence, and dotted with minute
cork-warts below ; midrib narrowly channelled above ; secondary nerves
about 9 on each side, gently curved towards the margins, faintly
looped, finely channelled above, distinctly raised below; veins fine but
distinct, scarcely raised ; petiole 4-5 lin. long, rufous. Flowers in
dense, minutely rufo-tomentose subsessile axillary or pseudo- terminal
clusters; bracts minute, ovate, acute. Calyx minutely rufo-tomen-
tose, 1 J lin. long ; sepals distinctly united at the base, ovate, acute.
Corolla yellowish, minutely tomentose ; tube widened below the mouth,
4 J lin. long ; lobes linear-lanceolate, obtuse, 3-3 J lin. long, margins
undulate. Ovary ovoid, densely tomentose ; style 4 lin. long, puberu-
lous near the base. — Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg,
Wissensch. Anstalt, xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 110 (name only). G. klahieanay
Pierre, I.e. 36.

Itower Guinea. Gaboon, Klaine, 728 !

Pierre places this species in his section Commidodia, which he characterises as
having very large ovoid or turbinate fruits.

11. C. rufinervis, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38
{name only). A climbing shrub ; tendrils not seen ; branches rather
stout, reddish, very minutely papillose-pubescent, with numerous
white lenticels when old. Leaves oblong, acuminate (acumen tapering
to an acute point from a broad base), acute or subobtuse at the base,
4-6 in. long, 2-2J in. broad, coriaceous, greenish -brown on both sides,
glabrous above, very finely and densely pubescent and not dotted
below ; midrib narrowly channelled above ; secondary nerves 6-8 on
each side, gently curved towards the margins, faintly looped, finely
channelled above, distinctly raised below ; veins very inconspicuous ;

80 Lxxxiv. Ai'ucYNACEiE (stapf). [Ca7yodi7lU8.

petiole about 3 lin. long, reddish. Elowers in axillary or pseudo-termii^al
sessile dense minutely rufo-tomentose clusters; iDracts ovate, acute,
minute. Calyx 1 lin. long ; sepals almost free, ovate, obtuse, minutely
rufo-tomentose. Corolla white, odorous, densely and minutely rusty-
tomentose ; tube widened below the mouth, 5-6 lin. long ; lobes linear-
oblong, obtuse, 4 lin. long. Ovary ovoid, densely tomentose ; style
finely pubescent, very fine, 4 lin. long. Fruit large, on a very stout
pedicel up to 7 lin. in diam. ; seeds oblong, 1 in. long! — ^Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1809),
3. Beih. 110 (name only).

I^ower Guinea. Gaboon, jfiT/atnc, 400! 1100!

I have not seen the fiuit of this species, but only seeds and a branch with a
fruit-stalk. Pierre i)laccd it, like C. Klainei, in his section Commidodia. It
differs from C. Klainei in the leaves and flowers, as well as (accordiug to PieiTe) in
the fruit.

12. C. landolphioides, Stapf. A tall powerful climber with long
robust hook-branched tendrils from the branch-forks, glabrous except
the inflorescences. Flowering branches rather robust, brown, dotted
with numerous whitish lenticels. Leaves oblong, more or less abruptly
acuminate (acumen obtuse, often very short), subacute or rounded at
the base, 5-6 in. long, 2-2J in. broad, thinly coriaceous, fuscous and
somewhat glossy when dry ; midrib narrowly channelled above,
prominent below ; secondary nerves slender, about 9 on each side,
obliquely spreading, straight or very slightly curved, connected (2 lin.
within the margin) by rather bold zig-zag arches, finely channelled
above, raised below, reticulation loose, slightly raised below ; petiole 4-
5 lin. long. Cymes axillary and terminal, subsessile or very shortly
peduncled, contracted, few- to many-flowered, rusty-puberulous, or
gathered into short terminal panicles ; bracts ovate, broad, obtuse ;
pedicels very short, rather stout. Calyx Ij lin. long; sepals very
broad, ovate to rotundate, obtuse, minutely puberulous, ciliolate.
Corolla glabrous, 10-12 lin. long in bud; tube cylindric, slightly
widened from the middle upwards, 5-6 lin. long ; lobes linear-oblong,
obtuse, about 5 lin. long. Stamens inserted in the upper third of the
tube ; anthers linear, acute, 1 lin. long. Ovary turbinate, puberulous
at the top ; style filiform, glabrous, 2J lin. long ; stigma deeply bifid.
— Clitandra landolphioides, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Ham-
burg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 119.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Buea, Deistel, 556 !

Lehrabacb's 34, from Buea, quoted by Hallier under C. landolphioides, may be
correctly referred here, but consists only of barren shoots.

13. C violacea, K. Schum. ex Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 112. A
climbing shrub, quite glabrous except the inflorescences ; tendrils
unknown ; young branches brown or greyish, dotted with lenticels.

Carpodinus.] lxxxiv. afocynace^ (stapf). 81

Leaves oblong, abruptly, shortly and obtusely acuminate, rather
rounded at the base, 5-() in. long, 2~2}j in. broad, thinly coriaceous ;
midrib widely and rather shallowly channelled above ; secondary nerves
ll-l;} on each side, fine, almost straight, horizontal, connected close to
the margin by very flat arches ; veins fine, but distinct ; petiole 2-4
lin. long. Flowers sessile in minutely pubescent clusters of 5-7 ;
bracts very small, pubescent, usually 1 to each flower. Calyx sub-
pubescent, scarcely | lin. long ; sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, ciliolate.
Corolla pale violet ; tube slender, 6-7 lin. long, widened near the
mouth, glabrous without, hairy within below the stamens ; lobes
lanceolate, as long as the tube. Ovary and style very minutely
pubescent. Fruit '^apple-shaped," striped with violet.

Upper Guinea. Camoroons : Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker Sf Staj(df, 433 !

14. C. subrepanda, A". Schum. in Enyl. d- Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam. iv. ii. 132. A climbing shrub, with flngelliform tendrils,
quite glabrous except the flowers ; young branches biown or greyi&h ;
lenticels at length numerous. Leaves oblong, abruptly acuminate
(acumen linear, obtuse, up to 0 lin. long, 1-2 lin. broad), rounded or
subcuneate at the base, 4-5^ in. long, 1 j-2^ in. broad, firmly coriaceous,
pale green on both sides or glaucous above ; midrib widely and rather
shallowly channelled ; secondary nerves 10-12 on each side, slightly
sunk above, slightly raised below, connected close to the margin by flat
or moderately bold arches ; veins inconspicuous ; petiole stout, 3-7 lin.
long. Flowers sessile, axillary, in subsessile minutely pubescent clusters
of 2-5 ; bracts very small, usually 1 to each flower. Calyx finely
tomentose up to 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate, subacute, ciliolate. Corolla
white, sweet-scented ; tube rather wide, widened from above the middle,
finely puberulous, 3^-1 lin. long ; lobes 3-4 lin. long, narrow, linear.
Ovary finely fulvo-hirsute on the top, otherwise glabrous. Fruit
globose, over 2 in. in diam. (according to a drawing by Delpy). Seeds
b-1^ lin. long. — Hiillier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (18i)9), 3. Beih. 110, t. iii. fig. 6. C.friahilis,
Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38 (name only) ; Haliier f. I.e.
110 (name only). C. lacteus, K. Schum. MS.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Mnkonje, Preuss, 187 !

X.ower Guinea. Gaboon: Librtville, iT/atwe, 121 ! 336! 1132! 1157!

15. C, glabra, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38 (name
only). A glabrous climbing shrub, with very slender flagelliform-
tendrils ; branches slender, almost black ; lenticels numerous, minute.
Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminate (acumen linear,
obtuse up to 8 lin. long), obtuse at the base, 3-5 in. long, 1-2 in. broad,
coriaceous, pale dull green above, brownish-green below when dry ;
midrib widely and deeply channelled above; secondary nerves 11-12 on
each side, almost horizontal and straight, with slightly finer more or
less parallel tertiary nerves between, connected close to the margin by

^2 Lxxxiv. APOCYXACE^ (stapf). [Carpodviius.

rather flat arches ; nerves faintly raised above, more distinctly so below ;
petiole 2-3J lin. long. Cymes axillary or pseudoterminal, few-flowered,
subsessile, almost glabrous ; bracts in 4 -f) pairs, ovate, obtuse, minute,
the lowest scantily rufo-furfuraceous, the others glabrous. Calyx 1 lin.
long, quite glabrous ; sepals 5, ovate, subacute. Corolla quite glabrous ;
tube very slender, slightly widened below the mouth, about r)J lin. long ;
lobes narrow, linear, obtuse, 4 lin. long. Ovary fusiform, glabrous at
the base, otherwise very minutely pubescent, with curved hairs ; style
very fine, 3 lin. long. Fruit globose, about 1 in. in diam. — Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii.
(1900), 3. Beih. 110.

Ko-wei* Guinea. Gaboon, Klaine, G.W ! 95.5 !

1(». C. leptauthSL^ Stapf in Kew JjuUeti7i, 1838, 303, not of K.
Schum. A climbing shrub, with long, slender, hook-branched pseudo-
axillary or terminal tendrils ; branches slender, quite glabrous, reddish-
brown or dark grey ; lenticels very numerous, minute. Leaves oblong
-or elli{)tic-oblong, abruptly long-acuminate, rounded at the base, 2^-6
in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, coriaceous, quite glabrous; midrib channelled
above, channel moderately wide, deep ; secondary nerves almost hori-
zontal, more crowded towards both ends of the leaf, in the middle about
2-5 lin. distant, connected close to the margin by flat, faint arches ;
tertiary nerves scarcely less distinct, all slightly raised on both sides.
Flowers solitary, axillary, subsessile ; bracts minute, ovate or acute,
very finely rufo-tomentose. Calyx finely puberulous, 1 lin. long ;
sepals 5, ovate, subacute, ciliolate. Corolla greenish-yellow ; tube very
slender, slightly widened below the mouth, 4 lin. long; lobes narrow,
linear, twisted, 3 lin. long. Ovary spindle-shaped, finely crispo-
puberalous ; style very fine, glabrous above. Fruit globose, 10 lin. in
diam. ; seeds about 4 lin. long. — Stapf in De Wild. & Durand,Contr. Fl.
Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 2, i. fasc. i. 35 ; De Wild. & Durand,
I.e. fasc. . ii. 39 ; Hallier f . Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 114, t. iii. fig. 1; De Wild.
& Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3, fasc. ii. 148 ;
not of K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 132.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Bassonibo, in the forest, Laurent !
Coquilhatville, Dewivre, 590 !

17. C. trichanthera, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38
{name only). A climbing shrub ; tendrils unknown ; young branches
glabrous, stout, brown ; lenticels numerous, rather large. Leaves
oblong to elliptic-oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate, obtuse at the
base, 2}i-?)}j in. long, 1-1^ in. broad, very coriaceous, quite glabrous,
dull pale green above ; midrib widely channelled ; secondary nerves
9-11 on each side, spreading, slightly curved or almost straight, faint
and sunk above, distinctly prominent below, connected close to the
margin by faint rather flat arches; veins inconspicuous; petiole 1-1 J

€arpodi7ms.] Lxxxiv. APOCYXACEiE (staff). 83

lin. long. Flowers in sessile axillary clusters; bracts minute, ovate,
minutely rufo-puberulous. Calyx very scantily and minutely puberulous,
^ lin. long ; sepals 5, ovate, obtuse. Corolla small, scantily and very
iinely puberulous ; tube cylindric in the lower §, then suddenly widened,
2| lin. long ; lobes linear, obtuse, 2^ lin. long. Anthers lanceolate-
oblong, over J lin. long, tips scantily hairy. Ovary densely villous;
style very fine, almost 1~ lin. long. — Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3, Beih. 110 (name
only).

ILower Guinea. Gaboo?!, Klaine, 336b !

18. C. turbinata, Stapfin Kew Bulletin, 1898, 304. A climbing
shrub, with long terminal, branched tendrils ; branches quite glabrous,
pale with minute lenticels. Leaves oblong, shortly and obtusely
acuminate, rounded at the base, 2J-3J in. long, 12-16 lin. broad,
coriaceous, quite glabrous, pale when dry, especially below ; secondary
nerves 7-9 on each side, fine, raised below like the reticulating veins ;
petiole slender, 2J-3J lin. long. Flowers axillary or sometimes appa-
rently extra-axillary, rarely terminal, solitary, subsessile ; bracts minute,
ovate, very finely puberulous. Calyx |-J lin. long ; sepals 4, ovate,
obtuse, very minutely ciliolate, otherwise glabrous, glaucous. Corolla
glabrous, white; tube slender, widened below the mouth, 10-12 lin.
long; lobes very narrow, linear, acute, 9-12 lin. long, ^ lin. wide.
Ovary spindle-shaped, glabrous at the base, otherwise pubescent like the
style. Fruit conic from a broad truncate base, almost ?> in. long, and
over 2 in. wide, yellow; seeds numerous, about 4-5 J lin. long. — Stapf
in De Wild. & Durand, Illustr. Fl.Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 1,
i. fasc. iii. 57, t. xxix., and in De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo
in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 2, i. fasc. i. 35; Hallier f. Kautschuk-
lianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1 899), 3. Beih. 109,
t. iii. fig. 2-4 partly; De Wild. Apocyn. a latex rec. par (lentil, 31.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Equatenr (EquatorvlUe), J)?;ftr>r, 311 !
540; Ikenge (Ruki), QentU.

Hallier also refers to this species a specimen collected by Zenker (20/3 !) near
Bipinde, in the Cameroons. This consists of a branch with leaves and pedicels from
which the fruits have fallen. The leaves are much larger and have a somewhat
different nervation than in C. turbiyiata, are more acute at the base, and certainly
belong to some other species.

19. C. ligustrifolia, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, o04. A
glabrous or almost glabrous climbing shrub, with long, very slender,
fiagelliform, branched, terminal tendrils ; branches dark with numerous
minute lenticels.. Leaves usually ovate or oblong-lanceolate, gradually
tapering into a rather long obtuse acumen, rounded at the bcise, 2-?>h in.
long, 9-14 lin. broad, coriaceous, quite glabrous; midrib ^videly
channelled above ; secondary nerves 7-8 on each side, fine, sunk above,
slightly prominent below, connected near the margin by somewhat flab

84 Kxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Caiyodinus.

arches ; petiole 1-1 J- lin. long. Flowers axillary, rarely terminal, solitary
or sometimes in pairs, subsessile. Calyx 1 lin. long, ver}'- minutely
rusty-pubescent ; sepals 4, ovate, subobtuse, ciliolate. Corolla white,
fragrtmt, glabrous except the delicately rusty-downy outer base of the
lobes, slender ; tube slightly widened below the mouth, 8-9 lin. long;
lobes linear, acute, 12 lin. long, 1 J lin. wide. Ovary finely pubescent
except at the glabrous base ; style slender, 6-7 lin. long, glabrous above.
— Stapf in De Wild. &, Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo,
Bot. ser. 2, fasc. i. 34 ; Hallier f . Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 112; De Wild. & Durand,
Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3, fasc. ii. 149. C. gracilis,
Stapf, 11. ce. 303 and 35 respectively (the fruit according to Hallier f.
I.e.); Dew^vre in De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. I.e. (Dewevre's
note).

Upper Guinea. Caineroons: near Batanga, Binklage, 1161 ! (not 1162, as
Hallier quotes).

IiOiver Guinea. Lower Congo: Stanley Pool, Deivevre, 709! Kiraueiizaj
Dewevr e, 516 !

I suggested in my paper on the Apocynacece of the Congo Free State (Ann.
Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 2, fasc. i. 36) that some detached fruits accompanying
Dewevre's 516/^ might belong to C. gracilis. Hallier (I.e.) pointed out, however, that
tliis is not the cose and suggested that the fruits might be those of C. ligustrifolia.
1 have since seen a specimen of C. gracilis, collected by Gillet at Kisantu, with
flowers and fruits still attached to the branch. These fruits are different frora
those which 1 described as belonging to C. gracilis, and there can be no doubt
that my assumption was erroneous. Dewevre, in his note referring to 516 {sic)
quoted by De Wild. & Durand in Reliq. Dewevr. I.e., describes some fruits, which
are evidently the same, but being subsequently mixed up with his 516/^ misled
me. They very likely belong to C. ligustrifolia, the more so, as there is also a
fragment of a branch with 516/^ the leaves of which sgree very well with those
of C. ligustrifolia. The fruits are more or less shortly conic with a wide base, much
resembling those of C. turhinata, but smaller. Hallier f. (I.e.) also refers a speci-
men collected by Pogge (1153 !) near Mukenge in the Congo Free State to C. ligus-
trifolia. It has very similar fruits, but is otherwise so defective that its identity with
C. ligustrifolia is doubtful. Another specimen collected by Laurent at Lusambo ! is
quoted by Hallier under this species, but (coi^isting of a barrto tw ig) is very doubtful.

20. C. gracilis 9 Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 303 {excl. the fruit').
A dwarf, sometimes prostrate shrub, with or without very slender
terminal tendrils ; branches slender, reddish-brown, glabrous or
sparsely hairy when young ; lenticels very minute. Leaves opposite,
ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, gradually and obtusely acuminate
(acumen 2-4 lin. long), rounded at the base, If -2 J in. long, 7-12 lin.
broad, thinly coriaceous, scantily hairy below, chiefly along the midrib,
which is slightly raised above, or glabrescent ; lateral nerves about 12
on each side, like the tertiary nerves and the veins very faint,
connected close to the margin by flat faint arches ; petiole 2-2^ lin.
long, hispidulous. Flowers pedicelled in terminal or axillary few-
flowered peduncled cymes, or solitary ; peduncle up to 1 in. long, very
slender, like the pedicels more or less hispidulous, these up to 3 lin.

Carpodiuus.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). S6

long, more or less spreading ; bracts minute, hispidulous. Calyx
minutely and scantily pubescent, scarcely 1^ lin. long; sepals ovate,
subobtuse, ciliolate. Corolla white, glabrous ; tube slender, slightly
widened near the mouth, 7-9 lin. long; lobes linear, acute, 8 lin. long.
Ovary glabrous, grooved, gradually passing into the fine style over 6
lin. long ; stigma cylindric, slender, bifid. Fruit on slightly thickened
pedicels, globose, about 1|- in. in diam. Seeds globose, S liu. in diam.,
numerous. — Stapf in De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl, Congo in Ann.
Mas. Congo, Bot. ser. 2, i. fasc. i. :^)5 ; De Wild. & Dunind in Bull.
Herb, Boiss. ser. 2, i. 84 ; De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann.
Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 8, fasc. ii. l-i?, excl. Dewevre's note. C. camp-
toloba, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 182 (incom-
pletely described). Clitandra gracilis, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 117.

Ibo-wer Grulnea. Lower Congo: Kirauenzi, Deicivre, ^IQ,"^ (exLliulinf? the
fruits)! very common between Leopildville and Kiniuen/n, Laurent! ncir Leopold-
Tille, Luja ! Kisiintu, Gillet, 71 ! Angola : Mitlanj^e, in the forests of Cabangula's
country. Marques, 240 !

South Central. Congo Free State : Muene Putu Kasongo, near tlie Kuango
Kiver, Bnettiier, 4HU '

21. C. macrantha, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxiii. 220. A climb-
ing, glabrous shrub, with long hook-branched tendrils from the branch-
forks ; young branches brown, slightly rough with elongate or puncti-
form ienticels. Leaves oblong, obtusely acuminate (acumen up to
8 lin. long), subacute at the base, 2J-4 in. long, Ij-lj in. broad, coria-
ceous ; midrib flat or slightly convex on both sides ; lateral nerves
very slender, 9-11 on each side, subhorizontal, inconspicuous above,
slightly raised below ; petiole up to 3 lin. long. Flowers solitary or in
pairs from the leaf -axils or in small terminal o-l-flowered cyme.s ;
peduncle 1|-S lin. long, slender ; pedicels up to 9 lin. long ; bracts
small, ovate, ciliolate. Calyx 1 lin. long, very scantily pubescent or
glabrous.; sepals ovate, ciliolate. Corolla over 1^ in. long in bud, quite
glabrous ; tube widened at the upper third, then narrowed towards the
mouth, 9 lin. long, fleshy, especially towards the mouth ; lobes linear-
oblong, (j-7 lin. long, 1 J lin. broad. A nthers inserted at the upper third
of the corolla-tube, scarcely IJ lin. long. Ovary glabrous, oyoid,
gradually passing into the style ; stigma cylindric, bifid, with ^
thickened base, the whole pistil G-7 lin. long. Fruit short, conical, 1 J in.
long, 1| in. broad at the base, glabrous, smooth, edible; pedicels or
pedunclas stout, flexuous, 1-2 in. long. — Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn.
Paris, 1898, 88. Clitandra macranthxi, Hallier f. Kautschuklinnen in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 8. Beih. 117.

ITpper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Talla district, near Nniiii, in woods, Scott-
^lliot, 4924 1 and without precise looality, Afzelius I

22. C. lanceolata, K. Schum. in Engl, d- Prantl, P/lanzedfam.
iv. ii. 182. A perfectly glabrous perennial erect herb; annual shoots

VOL. IV. D

86 Lxxxiv. APOCYXACE-E (stapf). [Carpodi7iu8

1-2 ft. Ingli, from a long creeping slender rhizome. Leaves opposite
or teriiate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute on both ends or the
tips acuminate or subobtuse, 3-5 in. long. 5-1 G lin. broad, thinly sub-
coriaceous, shining above, with black dots beneath ; midrib channelled
above, channel usually rather wide; lateral nerves subhorizontal,
faint, 10-15 on each side, connected quite close to the margins by very
flat faint arches; veins delicate ; petiole slender, 2-5 lin. long. Cymes
few-flowered, terminal, sometimes also from the axils of the uppermost
leaves ; peduncles up to 1 J in. long, like the short pedicels glabrous or
pubescent in the upper part ; bracts oblong, up to 1 lin. long. Calyx
pubeiulous, H-lJ lin. long; sepals 5, ovate, obtuse or subacute.
Coiolla glabi'ous without, white ; tube slender, slightly widened below
the mouth, 5 lin. long; lobes linear, subacute, slightly longer than
the tube. Ovary glabrous at the very base, otherwise pubescent like
the style. Fruit pear-shaped, not quite 2 in. long ; seeds few, about
0 lin. long.— Warb. in Tropenpfl. i. (1897) l:^>4, fig. A-D. ; Sadebeck
Nutzpfl. Deutsch. Kolon. in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xiv.,.
n. Beih. 122, & Kulturg. Deutsch. Kolon. 276; Stapf in Wild. <k
Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 2, i. fasc. i.
»iC, fasc. ii. 39 ; Mikosch in Wiesner, Rohstoffe, ed. 2, 3G3 ; Henriques^
Kautschuk, 19, Tab. iv. ; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Ham-
burg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 115, t. iii., fig. 5;
Mollei- in Tropenpfl. iv. (1901) 4G1 ; Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk -
Exped. 51, 232, 30G, 52 with fig.; De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr.
in Ann. Mus= Congo, Bot. ser. 3, fasc. ii. 148.

Jaower Guinea. Lower Congo: Dolo plains near Stanley Pool, Schlec/ifer^
]244.7! ne.w heopoldviWo, Latirent ; Detverre, 489 I Tnuipa, Lanre}it ! Calar District,
Laiirevf. Angola : country of the Gangella and Amboella, Marques, 1 ! Majakalla
country. Mechozo, 520 !

Soutli Central. Congo Free State : ^e\e\-ah?io, Demeuse, 110! Basliilange ;
by the Kai-ai Kiver, near Kikassa, Pogge, 1157 ! Bena Dilule (Dible), Luja, 266 I
between tbc Luf ubu River and X} angwe, Pogge^ 1074 !

According to Dewevre, C. lanceolata assumes occasionally the habit of a climber,
developing at tliesame time tendrils. It fields most of the root-rubber of the Congo.

Imperfectly knoivn species.

23. C. acida, Sabine in Trans. Ilort. Soc. v. 45G. — DC. Prod. viii.
320; Hook. Niger Fl. 446; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocjn. 141, 321;
Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 37 ; Jumelle, PL a Caoutchouc et
a Gutta, 02 ; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 107 ; Warb. Kautschukpfl.
120, not of Bchweinf.

Vpper Guinea. Sierra Leone : by the side of a rivulet in th'c mountains near
¥ree Town, Don.

TImk is known only from the fruits which are said to be acid and somewhat smaller
than tlmrc of C. dulcis. It is, according to G. Don (ex Sabine, I.e.), a more straggling-

Oarpodinus.] Lxxxiv. apocynace^ (stapf). 87

climber than C. dnlcis, and only two specimens of it were found. Planchon mentions,
it as producing a kind of rubber. The " C. acidus" of Schweinfurth (Heart of
Africa, i. 185) is evidently Landolphia owariensis.

24. C. foretiana, Pierre ex JumeUey Plant, a Caoutch. et a Outta,.
98. A powerful climber; stem over 2-J in. in diam. ; branches
glabrous, blackish-brown, dotted with small yellowish lenticels. Leaves
ovate-oblong, with rounded or cuspidate tips, up to 1 1 in. long, 6 in.
broad, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy above ; secondary nerves 7-9 on each
side, oblique, much raised below ; petiole about 5 lin. long. Flowers of
the size of those of the ordinary lilac, white, scentless. Fruit ovoid-
globose, over H in. long and 2| in. in diam. ; seeds 20-25. — Pierre in
Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 181i8, ;^)8.

lower Guinea. Gaboon : Fernand Vaz, Foret.

Two leaves of C. foretiana communicated by Jumelle to the Berlin herbarium
so much resemble those of C. maxima, that I would not hesitate 16 refer them to thi*
species if it were not for the tiowers of C. foretiana being described as small (of the
size of lilac flowers), whilst they are comp.u'atively large in C. maxima.

25. C. fulva, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38 {name
only). A very tall climbing shrub, with long flagelliform tendrils \.
young branches and tendrils more or less densely hispid with long
reddish spreading hairs, the former with numerous inconspicuous
lenticels. Leaves obovate-oblong, abruptly, .shortly and acutely acumi-
nate, slightly cordate at the base, 3-4 in. long, 2-2J in. broad, sub-
coriaceous, slightly shining above with stiff' hairs on both sides, but
chiefly on the nerves below, finally glabrescent above; midrib finely
channelled above; secondary nerves 5-6 on each side, slightly sunk
above, distinctly raised below, connected by bold arches; veins fine,
distinct, loosely anastomosing ; petiole 3-4 lin. long. Flowers unknown
Fruit lemon-shaped, apiculate, almost 2 in. long, yellow, hairy when
young. — Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 10« partly.

IttOwer Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, DinJclage, 575 ! and without
precise locality, Klaine, 1400 !

Hallier (I.e.) also refers specimens from Togo (Baumann, 520!) and from Mon-
butlu (Schweinfurth, 3482 !), all without flowers or fruits, to this species, to which
they bear a certain general resemblance without however, agreeing exactly, and the
Togo specimens are more likely to be identical with C. hirstita.

26. C. griffoniana, Pierre ex Jumelle, Plant, ct Caoutchouc et d
GuUa, 98.

Nothing is known about thisspecies except that it is allied to C. foretiana. It is
probably the plant mentioned by Pierre, in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 9.S, n»
Sclerodictyon griffonianum. See Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jnbrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 156. Pierre says that in the .shape of the
leaves it resembles his Ancylobotrys maminosa, var. mucronata, iind that the leaves
are thin and faintly nerved.

i

«8 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [^Carpodiuus.

27. C. (?) Iganda, Pierre in Bull Soc. Linn. Pao-is, 1808, 38
(name only).

XiO'wer Guinea* Gaboon : Fernaiid Vaz, Foret.

This is evidently the plant described by Jumello, Plant, a Caoutchouc et a Gutta,
102, under the native name " Iganda." It is one of tlie rubber plants sent by Foret
irom Fernand Vaz to the Musee colonial de Marseilles. It is described thus :
IJranches brown with short white hairs and scanty lenticels. Leaves elliptic, rounded
at the base, acuminate, 5 in. long, 2 in. broad ; lateral nerves 10-12 on each side,
•slightly raised ; petiole 7 lin. long. Fruit globose, brown, smooth, almost 3 in. in dia'.n.
Pierre refers it with some doubt to his section Anichinea.

28. C. Jumellei, Piei-^'e in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38 (name
only). A climber ; branches covered with short, stiff, reddish hairs ;
lenticels numerous, yellowish. Leaves ovate, acutely and shortly
acuminate, rounded at the base, 4 J in. long, 2| in. broad; lateral nerves
5-6 on each side ; petiole 4 lin. long. Flowers in cymes. Calyx hispid
with reddish hairs, 1 lin. long. Fruit globose, brown when dry, 2J in.
in diam. Seeds 8. — Jumelle, PI. a Caoutchouc et a Gutta, 100.

ZiO'wer Guinea. Frencli Congo, Foret.

29. C. Gentilii, De Wild. Apocyn. a Latex rec. par Gentil, 28. A
powerful climber; stem over 1 ft. in diam. ; young branches covered
•with stiff spreading brown hairs, at length glabrous, and dotted with
yellowish-white lenticels. Leaves elliptic or obovate, abruptly acute,
cuneate or rounded at the base (rarely subcordate), o-4| in. long, ] 3-2|
in. broad, hairy (chiefly on the nerves) above, subhirsute below ; midrib
channelled above ; secondary nerves about 1 1 on each side, oblique,
finely channelled above, connected by distinct marginal arches ; petiole
5 lin. long, hirsute. Fruit subglobose, 4| in. long, 4 in. in diam. ;
orange-yellow, tubercled ; pericarp 7-15 lin. thick when fresh. Seeds
8-30, 8-9 lin. long, embedded in an acid, edible, whitish-yellow pulp.

South Central. Congo Free State : between Lake Leopold and Lake Tuinba,
Gentil.

Said to be allied to C.fidva.

5. CARISSA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. G95.

Calyx sm«ril, eglandular, very rarely muitiglandular within ; sepals 5,
very rarely 4, free or nearly so, imbricate, acute or acuminate. Corolla
•salver-shaped ; tube slightly widened below the mouth or near the
middle ; lobes usually overlapping to the right, rarely to the left.
Stamens enclosed in the widened part of the corolla-tube; filaments
short, slender ; anthers oblong, acute ; cells obtuse at the base, pollini-
ferous and dehiscing to the base. Disc 0. Ovary entire, 2- celled;
ovules 1-4 in each cell, from the middle of the septum, rarely more in
2-8 rows ; style filiform ; stigma at the level of the anthers, or rarely
some way below them, oblong, papillose and viscous, with a 2-lobed

Carissa.] lxxxiv. apocynacej;: (staff). 89

hairy tip. Fruit baccate, globose to oblong. Seeds usually 1-4, rarely
more, peltate, plano-convex ; hilum central; endosperm horny; cotyledons
ovate ; radicle superior. — Much branched, straggling and usually very
^spinous shrubs or small trees, rarely climbing ; spines opposite, simple,
rarely forked, often very stout. Leaves coriaceous, very variable on
the same individual ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands very minute
and few, or 0. Inflorescence often umbelliform, or corymbiform, and
much-contracted, terminal or pseudo-axillary, rarely cymose, lax and
few-iiowered ; flowers subsessile, white or tinged with pink. Berries
often edible.

About 18 species, in the tropics of the Old World, extratropical South Africa and
Australia.

*Er-CARissA. — Corolla-lobes overlapping- to the riglit.

Ovules 1-4 in each cell. Spines simple . . 1. C. ednlis.

**Ardfina. — Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. Ovules
1-10 in each cell. Spines bifurcate.
Flowers pentamerous. Ovules solitary . . . 2. C. Arduina.

Flowers tetramerous. Ovules in each cell . . 3. C tetramera.

1. C. edulis, Vahl,Si/mh.i.22. A very much branched straggling or
climbing shrub, glabrous, or young branches with short spreading hairs
but soon glabrescent; spines simple, straight or recurved, 1-2 in. long,
rarely almost suppressed. Leaves ovate to ovate-elliptic or sublanceolate,
rarely orbicular, 9-24 lin. long, 9-18 lin. broad, sometimes much smaller,
rounded at the base or subcuneate, acute and often mucronate, rarely
obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous or very soon glabrescent ; nerves 3-5, faint on
both sides; petiole 1-1 J lin. long. Calyx 1 J-2 lin. long ; sepals lanceo-
late, acuminate, ciliolate, glabrous or puberulous. Corolla white or
purple, or purple turning white, glabrous or minutely hairy at the
mouth and on the inner surface of the lobes, G-9 (rarely 4-6) lin. long ;
dobes ovate or oblong, acute, 1 J-4 lin. long. Berry globose, purple to
black, l-a in. in diam., edible. Seeds 2-4.— Delile, Cent. PI. Afr. Caill.,
.11, t. 2, fig. 1 ; DC. Prod. viii. P>34 ; Hook. Niger Fl. 446 ; Ficalho, PL
Uteis Afr. Port. 221 ; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 141, 286, 292 ; Engl,
in Engl. Jahrb. viii. 64; Hochgebirgsfl. Trop.-Afr. 340 ; Deflers, Voy.
Yemen, 163 ; Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 49, 50, and m
Virchow's Archiv. Path. Anat. u. Phys. Bd. 134, 246; Durand &
-Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 1S9 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii.
453. C. dulcis, Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI. 146 ; DC. I.e. 333.
Cpubesoens, DC. I.e. 334 ; Hook. Niger Fl. 446. 0. candoUeana, Jaub.
Si Spach, 111. Fl. Or. v. t. 497. C. cornifolia, Jaub. & Spach, I.e. t.
498. C. rlchardia7ia, Jaub. & Spach, I.e. t. 496 ; 0. Schimperi, Balf. f.
in Trans. Roy. Soc. Eiin. xxxi. 157, not of A. DC. ; 0. sp. no. 3, Oliv.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 107. Antnra, Forsk. Fl. .^gypt.-Arab.
63. A.hadiensis, G. F. Gmel. Syst. 405. Arduina edulis, Spreng. Syst.
i. 669; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 127, and in
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 315, and in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-
Exped. 304. Carandas e:hdis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. ii.

90 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Carissa,

GG4. Jasminoner 1 117)1 ajricanum, J. dulce, J. edule and J. pubescenSy.
O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. 415.

Vpper Oulnea. C^\)Q Xei-il, Perrottet, AQO \ 494! Gold Coas?t : Accra, Voff el T
Cape Coast Castle, Brans! Krobo plains, Johnson, 510! Togo; Atikpui, Schlechfei\
12980.

]Lo'wer Guinea. Lower Congo, Smith! Naumann. Daniell ! Angolan
Loanda, common on the coast hills, Welicifsch, 5972 ! 5973 ! 5975 ! Loanda,
Rattray ! Ambriz, WehcUsch, 5974 ! Monteiro, 1 ! Kissembo, Welwitsch, 5974 t
Humbo ; Bruco, Weltcitsch, 5971 !

Xrile Xiand.- Nubia : Erkowit Mountain, /ScAtoeiw/jfr^A, 241 ! Eritrea: Habab^
4000-8000 ft., HiUlehrandf, 486 ! Keren, 4500 ft., Beccari, 35 ! Acrur, 6000 ft.,
Schweinfurlh Sf Biva, 1348 ! Abyssinia, up to 8000 ft., Salt ! Quartin Dillon Sf
Petit, 25 ! Schimper, 156 partly ! 2u9 partly ! 560 ! 590 ! 867 ! 893 1 Schoa ; Ankober,
Both, 406! Upj)er Sennar : Fazokl, Boriemi in Herh. Kotschy, 78 ! Paid von
Wiirtemberg ! Gebel Kassan, CienJcowsJcy, 61 ! Camamil, Choor Gutschetsch,,
Kotschy, 5()9 ! Somaliland : Golis Kange, Miss Edith Cole ! Bi'itish East Africa :
Jur, Schweinfurth, 1586! Kich ; Ador Village, PethericJc ! M-adi, Speke Sf Grants
688! Uganda, 7Fi7*(/«, 86 ! Mau Plateau, JoAw^^on, 3 ! Leikipia, 6000-8000 ft.,
Thomson ! Mwachi, Scott-Blliot, 6128 ! near Mombasa, Wakefield ! Witu,
Thomas, 112 ! W'anga, Smith !

BXozaxnl). Bist. (German Ea^t Africa: Karagwe, SpeJce Sf Grant, 214 T
Kilimanjaro, 3300-3600 ft., VolJcens, 1794! 2058! Usambara, Buchwald, 103 L
119! Usagara, ex Schutnann, Uhehe; Irina^a, Ooetze! British Central Africa:
Nyasaland, Buchanan, 150! Cameron, 4! Zambesi River, at Victoria Falls,
Kirk !

Also in Socctra and troi)ical Arabia.

Var. /3 totnentosa, Stapf. Branches and leaves tomentose, at lea^t in a young-
state. — C. lament osa, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 30; Engl. Hochgebirgstl. Trop.
Afr. 340. C. pilosa, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg, xxx. Ii58. J^a*-
minonerivm tomentosum,0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. 415.

xrile Ziand. Eritrea: Marakhat Valley, near Saganeiti, 7000 ft., Schwein-
furlh <^ Riva, 824! Abyssinia, Schimper, 156 partly! 209 partly ! 1068! Petit,
British East Africa : Jur, Scfuceinfurth, 1406! 1859!

Iio-wer Guinea. Damaraland : Groctfontein, Schinz.

ItCozamb. Sist. British Central Africa: Rhodesia; Buluwayo, Eand^XlQl
Matabeleluid, Gates ! Becliuanaland ; Lake Wlxqt, Lugard, 16!

I have enumerated here only the extreme forms ; specimens with more or less.
hairy young branches a])proaching var. tomentosa may be met with in almost any
p:ii-t of the area of the type.

Var. y major, Stapf. Branches and leaves glabrous or more or less hairy;
berries 7-8 lin. in diam.

]bo\irer Guinea. Angola: Huilla ; LopoUo, JFeZwiY^e^, 5969 !

BEozaml). Bist. Nyasaland: Maiiganja Hilln, Meller ! Cliiradzulu Hill,
Kirk I Transvaal; Zoutpansberg, Nelson, 412! by the Lehlaba (Lehlabane) River,.
Nelson, 373 !

I have referred to var. major only specimens of wliich I have seen or had notes
by the collectorf, concerning the ripe fruits.

The shape and size f.f the leaves, length of the coiolla-lube and general amount of
ha'riness are extremely variable, but are characters which seem neither to be dis-
tinctly correlated, r.or to be dependent upon geographical areas.

Carissa.] lxxxev. APOCYXACEiE (stapi'). 01'

2. C. Arduina, Lam. E'najcL i. 555. A glabrous, rarel)^
pubescent shrub up to 10 ft. high, with numerous green simply or
repeatedly bifurcate spines; spines J -11 in. long. Leaves generally
ovate, acute, mucronulate, obtuse or sometimes almost cordate, and as
long as broad, sometimes oblong or nearly lanceolate, ^-3 in. long, 1-2 in.
broad, dark shining green above, paler below ; secondary nerves" about
(J-8 on each side, like the veins faintly prominent or quite obscure,
mainly below; petiole 1-V> lin. long. Cymes subsessile or shortly
peduncled, few- to many-tlowered, glabrous or subglabrous ; pedicels
slender, 1-2^ lin. long. Calyx |-1 lin. long; sepals lanceolate, acumi-
nate, ciliolate, glabrous or very finely puberulous, pale pink. Corolla
white, fragrant ; tube :)-4: lin. long, densely hairy at the throat ; lobes
overlapping to the left, ovate to lanceolate, 2-2^ lin. long. Stamens
inserted between the middle and the mouth. Ovule 1 in each cell.
Berry scarlet, oblong, acute, 4-7| lin. long, 1-2-seeded, edible. — DC.
Prod. viii. 334; L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. l4l, 258 ; Lewin in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 40, 5(> ; 8chinz in Mem. Herb. Boiss. x. 56.
C. hispinosa, Desf. Tabl. Ecol. Bot. 78. C. ferox, DC. I.e. 335.
C. acuminata, DC. I.e. 335 ; Wood, Natal Plants, t. 203. C. myrtoideSy
Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, :51)8 ; DC. I.e. 335. C. erythrocaiya.y
DC. I.e. C. ho'matocarpa, DC. I.e. .33G. C. ohlonyifolia, Hochst. in
Flora, 1844, 827. 0. bisjnnata (by error), Lewin in Virchow's Arch.
Path. Anat. u. Physiol. Bd. 134, 246. Arduina hispinosa, Linn.
Mant. i. :y2 ; Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 387 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 126 ; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 315. A. erythrocarpa ^
Eckl. in South Afr. Journ. i. (1830), :)72. A. hwmatocarjxi, Eckl. I.e.
A. ferox, E. Meyer, Comm. 101 ; K. Schum. in Engl, and Prantl, I.e.
A. acuminata^ E. Meyer, I.e. ; K. Schum. in Engl, ct Prantl, I.e.
Jasminoneriuvi acummatum, J. hispinosum, J. erythrocarpum, J. ferox^
J. ha'matocarjnim^ and J. oblonyifolivm, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. ii. 415.

nCozaxnl). Bist. Hritish Central Africa: Nunsaland; Mount Zoinba and
Mount Malum, 4000-6000 ft., Whyie '. Shire Highlands, ^7^Ma«an, 8 ! and without
precise locality, BvcJianan, 1466 ! Rhodesia ; Bulnwayo, Band, 285 !

Also in South Africa.

3. C. tetramera, Slapf. A spinous much-branched shrub; young
branches puberulous when quite young, soon glabrous ; spines straight,
bifurcate, |-2 in. long. Leaves ovate (sometimes very broad) or oblong,
acute or obtuse, rarely emarginate, mucronulate, rounded to subcordate
at the base, l|-2 in. long, f-U in. broad, coriaceous, very rigid,
glabrous, glossy above; secondary nerves 12 or more on each side,
almost straight, like the reticulation very faint or slightly prominent,
especially above ; petiole ^—1 lin. long. Cymes few-flowered, contracted,
subsessile at the ends of the branches or in the spine-forks, sparingly
puberulous ; bracts lanceolate, subulate-acute ; pedicels up to 1 lin. long.
Calyx 1-lJ lin. long, eglandular, glabrous or finely puberulous; sepals
4, ovate, very acute or subulate-acuminate, ciliolate. Corolla glabrous
without ; tube purple, 8-9 lin. long, hairy within ; lobes 4, ovate-elliptic,

^2 Lxxxiv. APocYNACE^ (stapf). [Cctrissa.

apiculate, 2 J lin. long. Stamens inserted at the middle ; anthers almost
1 lin. long. Stigma some distance below the anthers, cylindric-oblong;
the whole pistil 3 lin. long. Ovules about 8 in each cell. Berry globose,
bluish-black, pruinose, sweet. Seeds G-8, lenticular. —Arduina tetmmera,
>Sacleux in Morot, Jouro de Bot. vii. 312. A. edulis, Warb. in Engl. Pfl.
Ost-Afr. B. 226 (the Amboni plant), not of Sprengel. Carissa edulis,
Engl. Veg. Usambara, 27, not of Vahl.

Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar: in the littoral busli, Boivin ; Kirk, 22! Hilde-
hran-ii^ ]27l ! Duparquet, Sacleux. German East Africa: Usambara; Uuiha
Valley, Smith. ! Amboni,. in clearings, Hoist, 2474a !

Impei-fecUi/ known species.

C. africana, DC. Prod. viii. 3^2. A shrub, 0 ft. high ; branches
gnarled, spreading, with stout, simply or repeatedly bifurcate spines.
Leaves ovaty, acute, 1^-2 in. long, |-1 in. broad, coriaceous, glabrous;
secondary nerves few, indistinct, veins obscure ; petiole 2 lin. long.
Cymes 3-5-flowered, terminal, short ; pedicels almost glabrous. Sepals
narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate. Corolla 0 Im. long, white,
pubescent without ; lobes ovate, as long as the tube. Berry ovoid,
many-seeded, black, edible. — C. Carandas, Lour. Fl. Coch. 124, not of L.

BXozamb. Bist. Coast of East Africa; probably Mozambique, iowreiVo.

De Candolle, l.c,. cmnparcs tins to C. xt/Iopicroti, Tliouar.s wbich bas few,
short, slender, s mple spines or i-j, when a.lult, almost nnanned.

G. ACOKANTHERA, G. Don ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 69G.
(Acocanthera, K. Schum.)

Calyx small, egla,ndular within ; sepals free or almost so, imbricate,
acute or acuminate, more or less scarious. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube
slightly widened near the mouth ; lobes short, overlapping to the left.
Stamens enclosed in the widened part of the tube ; anthers ovate-
oblong, connective produced into a short minutely pilose point, shortly
2-lobed at and dehiscing to the base. Disc 0. Ovary entire, 2-celled ;
style filiform ; stigma short conic or cylindric, with a ring of papillte at
the base and a minutely 2-lobed hairy apiculus ; ovale 1 in each cell,
pendulous, attached to the centre of the septum. Fruit a globose or
ellipsoid berry. Seeds 2, or 1 (by abortion), peltate, sessile on the
septum, plano-convex ; hilum oblong, rather large ; endosperm bony ;
cotyledons broadly ovate or subcordate ; radicle superior. — Unarmed
shrubs or small trees. Leaves thickly coriaceous ; axillary stipules 0 ;
axillary glands 0 or very scanty and minute. Corymbs very shortly
peduncled or sessile, axillary, often reduced to clusters ; flowers sub-
sessile, white or tinged with pink, usually sweet-scented.

Species 3 in tropical and South Africa, 1 extending to Arabia.
Leaves not more than twice as long as broad ;
corolla-tube Zl-b lin. long, very rarely longer.
Secondary nerves 4-5 (rarely 6) on each side,

often obscm-e and rather irregular . . 1. A. Schimperi,

Acokaiithera.] lxxxiv. APocYNACEiE (staff). 93-

Secondary nerves 6-10, more parnllel and pro-
minent on both sides . . . . . 2. A. venenata.
Leaves about 3 times as long as broad; corolla-tuhe

7-9 lin. long. ...... 3. A. spectabilis.

1. A, Schimperi, Schweinf. in Boll. Soc. Afr. Italia^ x. (1891), oVo.
xi-xii, 12 {excl. the Taitct plant). A glabrous shrub ; young branches
more or less compressed. Leaves elliptic, subovate or obovate, acute or
obtuse, mucronulate, more or less acute at the base, 1J-'3J in. long,
J-lJ in. broad, often shining above; secondary nerves 4-5 (rarely 6)
on each side, obscure or more or less prominent on both sides, often
much curved or irregularly flexuous ; reticulation obscure or more or
less distinct; petiole l|-2 lin. long, rarely longer. Corymbs or clusters
few- or many-flowered, glabrous, rarely scantily puberulous ; bracts
ovate, ciliate. Calyx | lin. long ; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute
or acuminate, ciliate. Corollawhite or tinged with pink, usually fragrant;
tube 8i-5 lin. long, glabrous without ; lobes broad-ovate, acute or sub-
acuminate, l|-2 lin. long. Anthers | lin. long. Stigma conic, short, obtuse.
Berry globose or subellipsoid, 1 in. long, black. Seeds semi-globose or
semi-ellipsoid, 4-7 lin. long. — Schweinf. & Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
Beibl. 41, 46 ; Lewin, I.e. 47-51, and in Virchow's Arch. Path. Anat. u.
Physiol. Bd. 134, 242 ; Holmes in Pharm. Journ. Soc. ser. J), xxiii.
905 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl . Trop. Afr. 340 ; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn.
249, 251 ; Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 114, 129 ; Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr..
B, 51(3, 518, 519 (excl. the Taita plant); Eraser & Tillie in Proc. Roy.
Soc. Iviii. 71; Schweinf. in Hohnel, Zum Rudolf-See u. Stephanie-See,
359. A. Ouabaio, Poisson in Assoc. Frang. L'Avanc. Sc. Congres
d'Oran, 1888, 3 ; Cathelineau, L'Ouabio 9, and in Bull. gen. Therap.
cxiii. (1889) 107 ; Schweinf. & Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. I.e., and in
Yirchow's Arch. I.e. 241; L. Planchcn, I.e. 248-249, 252, fig. 22;
Vogtherr in Kohler, Mediz. Pfl. iii. text to t. 04. A. ahyssinica,
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 124, fig. 49. B.C.. 120,
and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 315; Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. B, 532;
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A, 44, 48, 105 ; Yogtherr in Kohler, Mediz. Pfl.
iii. t. 64. A. sp., Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 696 ; Oliver in
Thomson, Masai Land, Append. 351 ; Eraser & Tillie in Proc. Roy.
Soc. liii. 153. Carissa ahyssinica, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append, iv.
Ixiv. (name only). C. SchimpeH, A. DC. Prod. viii. 675 ; A. Rich.
Tent. El. Abyss, ii. 31, t. 68; Hanbury in Pharm. Journ. ser. 7,
xii. 271 ; Franch. ex Planch. I.e. 248, not of Balf. f. C. Mepte,
Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101. C. Ouabaio, Poiss. I.e. ; Planch. I.e. 248 ;
C. sp. aflf. C. Schimperi, Franch. & Poiss. ex Arnaud. Compt. Rend,
cvi. (1888), 1011. Arduina Ouaba'io, Cornu ex Holmes, I.e. 965.
Strychnos ahyssinica, Hochst. ex DC. Prod. viii. 675 ; Flora, 1844, 101 ;
Strophanthus (?) sp., Gerrard in Pharm. Journ. ser. 3, xi. 834.

wile X.and. Eritrea : Acrur, 6200 ft., Schweinfurth ^ Siva, 712 ! 7-42 !
Saganeiti, 7200 ft., Schweinfurth Sf Rita, 1825! Abyssinia: Tigre; near Adua,
Quartin-D.llon, Schimper, 254! 870! 1904! Samen ; Aman Eski, Schimper '
Chelicut, Fetif, and without precise locality. Salt! Schiwper, 1074! Somalil.ud:

D4 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Acokccnthera .

mountains south of Zeila, ex Burtoyi. Ahl Mountains, 3000-3900 ft., Hildehrandt,
1431 ! Golis Range, Mrs. Lort-Philips J Miss Edith Cole ! mountains of the
Warsangeli and Mijurti districts, i^eio/./ / HahraAval, Donaldson- Smith ! British
Eiist Africa : Leikipia, 6000-8000 ft., Thomson ! Hohnel ; Ellamo, 4500 ft.,
Belamere! Mau, 7000 ft., Johnston ! Ukamba, 6000 It., Scott-Elliot, 6395 ! Nyika,
Gregory /

Also in South- western Arabia.

Var. /3 Dejiersii, Stapf. Branches and leaves scabrid, at least when young, the
latter frequently larger than in the type. Corolla-tube 5-6 lin. long, pubescent or
glabrous. — A. Dejiersii, Schweinf. ex Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 46, and
Lewin, I.e. 47-51, fig. E, and in Vircliow's Archiv. I.e. 233; L. Planchon, Prod.
Apocyn. 250 ; Vogtherr in Kohler, Mediz. Ptl. iii. text to t. 64.

Wile l^and. Eritrea : Ginda ; on the DongoUo Hills, 3200 ft., Schweinfurth
^ Riva, 2223 ! and near the Felakhit River, Schweinfurth ^ Riva, 2183 ! Somali-
land : Wagga Mountains, 6000 ft., Mrs. Lort-Philips! British Enst Africa:
between Le and Toclia, Delamere !

Also in South-western Arabia. This is probably only an individual variation, such
as occurs frequently, for instance, in Carissa edit lis.

A decoction of the root of A. Schimperi is, as .1. Vanghan (in Pharm. Jonrn. ser. 7,
xii. 271) and F. S. Arnott [see Burton, " First Footsteps in East Africa " (ed. 1894)
i. 139, footnote"! first pointed out, used by the Somalis for poisoning arrows. The
Wandorobbo, Wakamba, Wanyika and other tribes of British East Africa also use it
for the same purpose. The Somali- name for the plant is Wabei or Waba, and
for the poison Wabayo or Ouabaio (Rochebrune & Arnaud, Reel), sur le Ouabaio
in Mission Revoil Pays Comalis), the Masai name Murzu.

2. A. venenata, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 485. A shrub or a
gnarled tree, up to 14 ft. high, glabrous (except sometimes the inflores-
cence) ; young branches compressed or ancipitous, smooth. Leaves
mostly ovate or elliptic, sometimes oblong, rarely lanceolate, acute and
usually mucronulate, rarely obtuse, acute at the base, lJ-4 in. long,
J-2 in. broad, pale or olive-green when dry, somewhat shining above
or on both sides ; secondary nerves 6-1 0 on each side, often with
similar interposed tertiary nerves, oblique, parallel, prominent on both
sides; veins distinct or obscure ; petiole stout, 1-2 lin. long. Clusters
glabrous or puberulous, sessile or subsessile, usually many-flowered ;
bracts ovate, brown or the upper pinkish. Calyx glabrous or puberu-
lous, 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute to subacuminate,
distinctly to very obscurely ciliolate. Corolla white to pink, sweet-
scented ; tube 3|^-5 lin. long, puberulous or glabrous without, hairy
within ; lobes broad-ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, somewhat over
1 lin. long. Anthers |-| lin. long. Stigma short, obtuse, conic.
Berry globose, 1 in. in diam., purplish-black ; seeds semi-globose or semi-
eUipsoid, 4-6 lin. long. — Vatke ex Schweinf. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
Beibl. 41, 46 (footnote); Holmes in Pharm. Journ. ser. 3, xxiv. 42 ;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 126 (not of Schweinf.
ex Lewin in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 4G, and Lewin, ].c. 49-51, 47,
fig. A., nor L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 255, nor Vogtherr in Kohler,
Mediz. Pfl. iii. t. 64). A, Lamarkii, Don, I.e. A. Schimperi, Schweinf.

Acokanthera.] Lxxxiv. apocyxace^ (stapf). 95

in. Boll. Soc. Afr. Italia, x. (1891) xi.-xii. 1;J (the Taita plant); Pax
in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. B. 519 (the Taita plant). A. .abijssinica,
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 48 (partly?) Oestrum veitenalum,
Thunb. Prodr. 86 ; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 193. C. oppositi/olium, Lam.
[11. ii. 5, t. 112, fig. 2; Poir. Suppl. ii. 182. To.ricophlo'.a Thunhergii,
Harv. in Hook. Lond. Jourii. Bot. i. 24, and Thes. Cap. 10, t. 16.
T. cestroides, A. DC. Prod. viii. 886. Sidero.v^flum toxiferuiii^ Thunb.
Trav. ed. 3, i. 156.

Wile Iiand. British East Africa: Taita; Ndara Mouiitain, 4000-4800 ft.,
Hildehrandt^ 2452 ! Holmwood !

IMCozamb. X>ist. German East Africa: Usaiubara ; Kwa Mshuza, 4500 ft..
Hoist, 8968 ! British Central Africa : Rhodesia ; by stieams near Buhiwayo,
Rand, 572 !

Alsj in Soutli Africa. The root is nsed by the natives of tlie Taita District for
poisoning arrows. Thunberg, I.e., also states that it is used for the sa)ne i)urpose by
the Hottentots and that the Cape Dutch call it " (Jift boom." Sualieli name
Mtehungn (Hiklebrandt).

8. A. spectabilis, Hook.f, in Bot. Mag. t. 6:)59. A tall shrub or
•small tree up to 15 ft. high, glabrous (except sometimes the inflores-
cences) ; young branches compressed. Leaves elliptic or oblong-
lanceolate, acute, rarely obtuse, generally mucronate, acute at the base,
2J-5 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, very coriaceous, dark green, paler and
sometimes purplish beneath ; secondary nerves usually 7-10 on each
side, sometimes with similar tertiary nerves between them, faint
or like the reticulating veins slightly prominent on both sides ;
petiole stout, 2-4 lin. long. Corymbs or clusters short, dense, many-
flowered, subsessile, glabrous or puberulous ; bracts ovate, cadu-
cous, ciliolate. Calyx more or less pubescent, green or whitish, \h ^i^-
long ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, ciliolate. Corolla white, tinged with
pink, fragrant ; tube 7-9 lin. long, pubescent or almost glabrous without,
hairy within ; lobes ovate to oblong, acute, 2-?) lin. long. Anthers
J lin. long. Stigma short, cylindric, obtusely apiculate. Beriy ellipsoid,
1 lin. long or longer, purplish-black. Seeds 1-2, semi-ellipsoid, 5-9 lin.
long. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 1 2^) ; Wood,
Natal PI. GO, t. 74. A. venenata, Schweinf. ex Lewin in Engl. Jahrb.
xvii. Beibl. 41, 46, and Lewin, I.e. 47-51 ; L. Planchon, Prod. Apoeyn.
255 ; Vogtherr in Kohler, Mediz. Pfl. iii. text to t. 04 ; not of G. Don.
^.sp., Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 696. Carissa oblong i folia, Hochst.
in Flora, 1844, 827, and ex Walp. Rep. vi. 46(1. To.cicophloia
."ipectahiUs, Thiselton-Dyer ex Gard. Chron. 1872, o^^'d ; Flor. Mag.
new ser. t. 20 ; Gard. Chron. xv.(1894) 209, fig. 23 ; Rev. Hort. 1879,
270 with plate ; 1888, 517 with fig. T. Thunhergii, Sonder in Linnaea,
xxiii. 79; Gartenflora, 1878, t. 940; Rev. Hort. 1S80, 870 with plate;
111. Hortic. xxxii. (1885) t. 553, not of Harvey.

ItO-wer Guinea. German South-west Africa: Herorolamh Pechuel Loesche
(according to (). Kuntze in J.ihrb. Herl. Bot. Gart. iv. 188(3, 2(58) ?

Hitlierto only known from Natal. I suspect tb.it O. Kinitze's ditcrmination
(made from a fruiting branch) is erroneous, and tliat the Hercrolantl plant is A.

96 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (stapf). [AcoJcauthera.

venenata. On the othtr hand, the A. venenata, mentioned in Lewin's paper in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. No. 41, in L. Planehon, Prrd. A} ocyn. 255, and bv Vcgtherr ia
Kohlei's Mediz. Pfl. iii. text to t. 64, is- certainly A. spectahilis. The specimen
which Leu in examined wasobtaired frcm La Moitola ; Schweiiifurth's description of
its leaves and remark (in Lewin, I.e.) that the flowtrs are cne-thiid larger than those
of A. Schiwjjeri or A. Befiersii, lea\e no doubt about it. A. spectahilis also con-
tains a dtadly poison.

7. PICBALIMA, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1H9G, 127H.

Calyx middle-sized ; sepals 5, free, imbricate, broad, obtuse, sub-
coriaceous, with numerous small adpie&sed glands at the base within.
Corolla salver-shaped ; tube cylindric, very slightly, widened in the
upper third, fleshy, naked at the mouth ; lobes 5, broad-eiliptic, obtuse,
overlapping to the left. Stamens 5, enclosed in the widened part of
the corolla-tube; filaments very short, filiform ; anthers free from the
stigma, oblong-linear, subacute, shortly 2-lobed at the base ; anther-
cells poUiniferous and dehiscing to the base. Disc 0. Carpels 2,
coherent along the ventral sutures, oblong ; style filiform ; stigma
cylindric-oblong, smooth, minutely 2-apiculate ; ovules multiseriate,
numerous. Fruit of 2 (or by abortion of 1) large obovoid-oblong
baccate divaricate mericarps, slightly flattened at the base wheie they
touch each other, but are free ; pericarp thick, fleshy, fibrous, especially
in the inner part, milky. Seeds many, oblong, compressed, horizontal
and sessile on the fleshy placenta, more or less embedded in a scanty
fleshy pulp; hilum basal, punctiform ; testa smooth, coriaceous;
endospeim fleshy (hard when dry), ample. Embryo shorter than the
endosperm ; cotyledons obovate-oblong about as long as or Irnger than
the radicle.- — A glabrous tree. Leaves opposite, petiole d, coriaceous :
petioles hollowed at the base ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands
numerous, forming a fringe lining the cavity of the petiole, secreting
resin. Infloiescence teiminal, of 1 shortly peduncled or 2-3 closelj^
approximate, few- to 12-flowered pseudo-umbels, much shorter than
the uppermost leaves. Flowers white, middle-sized.
Species 1, endemic.

]. P. klaineana, rieore, I.e. 1279. A tree 30-80 ft. high;
branches stout, terete, dark brown or blackish. Leaves oblong, more or
less abruptly acuminate, rotundate or subacute at the base, 5i— 7 in.
long, 2-3 in, broad, thinly coriaceous, glossy above ; secondary nerves
about 20 on each side, sometimes with similar parallel tertiary nerves
between them, rather spreading, straight to or beyond the middle, then
slightly curved, joined by a distinct marginal nerve close to the edge ;
veins slightly prominent, anastomosing in more or less elongate areoles,
subparallel to the side-nerves ; petiole stout, canaliculate, up to 6 lin.
long. Peduncle stout, |-1 in. long ; bracts small or quite suppressed ;
pedicels 4-G lin. long. Sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, 3 lin. long, shining

Picralima.] Lxxxiv. apocyxace.e (staff). 97

Corolla-tube long, glabrous outside, loosely pubescent within in the
middle third, 7-1) lin. long ; lobes about as long as the tube. Anthers
1^ lin. long. Style (including the stigma) 4 lin. long. Berries 4-G in.
long, ^>-4 in. in diam. Seeds about 1 in. long. — K. Sebum, in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 284; Ergiinz. i. GO; Hook. Ic. PI. tt.
2745-(>. Tahtriut'niontana nitida, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 22,
& in De Wild. 6: Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Lot.
ser. 2, i. fasc. i. o9 ; De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Devvevr. in Ann.
Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3, fasc. ii. !;');>.

Upper G-uinea. Old Calabar, Sofjb ! Cameroons : Ainbas Bay, Mann, 710 J

Xiower Guinea. Gaboon: Mount Bouet, near Libreville, Jolly, 27; Klaine^
299!

South Central. Congo Free State : Lukolela, Dewecre, 847 ! Lokandu,
Dewevre, 1113 !

There are 2 leaves in the herbarium at Brussels, accompanied by a coloured
drawing by Deineuse (105), named Hv.nteria sp., Hallier f., and referred to by bira
as Hiinteria in his Kautschuklianen, 190. These leaves were collected near the
Sankuru River in the Congo Free State, and differ only slightly in their dimensions
from those of Khiine's specimens. The drawing represents a green pear-sh:ii)ed
fruit \ natural size. The measures calcuhited from it are : — lOf in. long and 65- in.
wide. The pericarp is shown thick and the seeds somewhat apymmctrioally oblong-
elliptic in outline, 14 lin. long, Qk lin. wide. Demeiise's ])lant is, no doubt, a
Picralima, and possibly identical with P. klaineana.

8. PLEIOCARPA, Benth. in Bentb. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii.

699.

Calyx small, eglandular ; sepals 5, almost or quite free, sub-
membranous except at the herbaceous base, obtuse or acute. Corolla
s-ilver-sliaped ; tube cylindric, slightly widened below the mouth ;
lobes T), overlapping to the left. Stamens enclosed in the widened part
of the corolla-tube ; anthers free from the stigma, ovate to oblong-
lanceolate, acute ; cells obtuse at and dehiscing to the base. Disc 0.
Carpels 2-5, distinct ; style filiform; stigma at the level of the anthers,
oblong-ellipsoid, papillose, not or very obscurely apiculate; ovules 1-4
in each cell. Mericarps baccate, fleshy, coriaceous when dry, spreading,
often rugose, 1- or 2- (rarely 3-) seeded. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, slightly
laterally compressed ; testa membranous ; endosperm almost horny ;
cotyledons very thin, foliaceous, oblong ; radicle thickened at the base,
as long as or slightly longer than the cotyledons. — Glabrous shrubs or
small trees. Leaves opposite or ternate, coriaceous ; lateral nerves
rather straight and parallel, usually numerous, connected by a more or
less conspicuous marginal nerve ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands
very obscure or 0. Flowers in sessile axillary and oftep opposite (rarely
pseudo-terminal) clusters, very rarely in compact panicles or pseudo-
umbels.

Species 9, besides several imperfectly known, endemic.

Corolla ^-2 in. long. Carpels 3-5, 1— 1-ovuled.
Leaves oblong or ellii)tlc, lr,-3.^, in. broad.

98

LXXXIV. APOCYNACE^ (sTAPf).

\Pleiocarpa.

Corolla 2 in. long ; lobes as long as the tube ;

berries long-rostr.ite, li in long . . . 1, P. rostrata.

CorolLi 9-10 liu. lung ; lobes short ; berries ovoid-
globose, apiculate, 4 liu. long . . . 2. P. nudica.
Leaves hinoeolate, 1-1:^ in. broad . . . . 3. P. salicifolia.
Corolla \~-l in. long ; carpels 2, 2-ovuled.

Corolla 5-9 lin. long, lobes at least A as long as the
tube.
Flowers shortly (1 lin.) pedicelled in compact

umbels or panicles 4. P. pycriantha.

Flowers sessile in compact clusters . . . 5. P. hicarpMata.

Corolla under 5 lin. long, lobes much less than \ as
long as the tube.
Leaves oblong, 1^-2^ in. broad, papery.

Leaves obtuse or obtusely acuminate, lo-lf in.

broad; corolla-tube 3o lin. long . . 6. P. Welwitschii.

Leaves abruptly and acutely acuminate or
acutely subacuminate, 1^-2} in. broad;
corolla-tube 2 lin. long . . . .7. P. niicrantha.

Leaves oblong-hinceolate to lanceolate, about 1^ in.
broad, coriaceous to chartaceous.
Corolla-tube 2-2i lin. long . . .* . 8. P.flavescetis.

Corolla- tube 3-3 i lin. long . . . . 9. P. tubicina.

1. P. rostrata, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1182. A shrub, 8-12
ft. high ; young branches dark brown ; lenticels few, rather large.
Leaves oblong to elliptic, very shortly acuminate, acute at the base, 6-8
in. long, 3-oi in. broad, coriaceous, glossy above ; secondary nerves 7-9
on each side, "distant, oblique ; petioles 3 lin. long. Flowers few in each
cluster. Calyx 1 lin. long ; sepals acute or subobtuse. Corolla white ;
tube 9-11 lin. long; lobes oblong, rather broad, obtuse, as long as the
tube or somewhat shorter. Carpels 3, 4-ovuled. Berries oblong-ovoid,
rostrate, H in. long (including the beak), rather fleshy and coarsely
rugose. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 135, fig. 52,
E. Hmiteria rostrata, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg.
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 194.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon River, Mann, 720 ! 2189 ! '

A specimen collected near Bipinde, in the Cameroons, by Zenker (1181b !) and
enumerated by HalHer, I.e., 194, under Hunteria pleioearpa, agrees (so far as the
material goes) exactly with Maun's specimens of P. rostrata, except that the young
fruits do not show any indication of a beak. The ternate mericarps are quite
obtuse, but contain like those of P. rostrata 4 ovules in 2 collateral rows. 1 have
not seen flowers of this plant, which is (accoi'ding to Zenker) a small shrub, about
3 ft. his:!), with white flowers.

2. P. mutica, Benth.. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 1181. A shrub, 5 ft.
high ; branches dark brown ; lenticels few, rather large. Leaves
elliptic or oblong, abruptly acuminate (acumen linear, obtuse, up to 7
lin. long), acute or subacute at the base, 3-6 in. long, 1J-2J in. broad,
thinly coriaceous, glossy above ; secondary nerves 11-14 on each side;
petiole 3 lin. long. Flowers in axillary clusters of 10-20, often from

Pleiozarjm.^ Lxxxiv. apocynace.e (vStapf). 99

the axils of fallen leaves. Calyx ^-1 lin. long; sepals broad, ovate,
obtuse. Corolla-tube 6-SL Hn. long; lobes ovate to oblong, obtuse, 3-
8 J lin. long. Carpels 5, 1-ovuled. Berries ovoid-globose, obtuse or
apiculate, rugose, 4 lin. long, 1 -seeded. — K. Sebum, in i]ngl. c\: Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 135, fig. 52, CD. Ilunteria pleiocarjm, Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899),
3. Beih. 193 partly.

Upper Guinea. Southern Nigeria: Old Calabar River, Muint, 2277!
Thomson, 38 ! Robb ! Adiabo, Holland, 106 ! Cross Kiver, Johmston I Caineroons :
liio del Key, Johnston ! Lolodorf, St audi, 322 1

Hallier f., I.e., also quotes a fruiting specimen collected by Dinklage (1432) near
Batanga, under this species.

3. P. salicifolia, Stcvpf. Young branches slender, brown, soon
grey. Leaves lanceolate, gradually tapering to a slender acumen, sub-
acuminate at the base, 4-5 in. long, 1-1 :f in. broad, coriaceous, rather
dull on both sides; secondary nerves 1(5-18 on each side, like the
anastomosing veins distinctly raised above ; petioles '2-6 lin. long.
Flowers few in each cluster. Calyx J lin. long ; sepals ovate, sub-
obtuse. Corolla-tube 6-7 lin. long ; lobes oblong, subobtuse, 3J lin.
long. Carpels 3-4, 2-ovuled.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Barter !

Tnis specimen was doubtfully referred to P. Lica,'2}eUala,^t-A\)^ \\\ Kew Kalletiii,
1894, 21.

4. P. pycnantha, Stajrf. A shrub ; branches slender, terete,
drying black. Leaves oblong or oblong- lanceolate, subobtuse or shortly
and obtusely acuminate, acute at the base, 2-dh in. long, 1-1 J in.
broad, chartaceous, shining above ; secondary nerves about 15 on each
side, quite obscure below, very slightly raised above, with similar
tertiary nerves btitween them, much spreading, straight ; veins quite
obscure below, faintly raised above; petiole 'd--> lin. long. Flowers
pedicelled in many- (about 20-) flowered much contracted axillary
umbels or panicles, often from the axils of fallen leaves ; pedicels up to
1 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate-oblong, subacute or
obtuse. Corolla-tube up to 5 lin. long; lobes oblong, obtuse, up to 2|V
lin. long. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled. — Hunteria pycnantJia, iv. Schum. in
Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 222; Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg
Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899) 3. Beih. 191 partly.

srile Iiand. Uganda: Sesse Islands, in Lake Victoria, Stuhhnann, 121G I
Schumann describes (I.e.) the intiorescence in the Latin diag-nosis as termiuHl v,r
axillary, in the German text, however, as axillary and frequently spriuj^in<c from the
lower denuded part of the branches. When I saw the specimen in the lierlin herbarium,
I omitted to make a special note concerning: this point, but put the specimen down as
belonging to Pleiocarpa, which implies that it has exclusively or predominantly
axillary inflorescences.

5. P. bicarpellata, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 21. A shrub
or small tree, 3-24 ft. high, rarely climbing ; branches slender, (|uad-
rangular when young, pale brown or greyi.-^h ; lenticels very sparse,
large. Leaves narrowly oblong or sublanceolate lo ovate-ablong or

100 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Pkiocarpa.

subelliptic, obtusely acuminate (acumen linear, obtuse, up to 0 lin. long),,
acute or acuminate at the base, J^-B in. long, 1-2 in. broad, chartaceous,
glossy above ; secondary nerves about 20 on each side, straight, sub-
horizontal, very fine, slightly raised on both sides, with very similar
tertiary nerves between them, which are (like the delicate veins) quite
obscure below and faintly raised above ; petioles 2-4 lin. long. Flowers
few to many in axillary clusters, often from the axils of fallen leaves,
rarely from those of the uppermost pair and then apparently terminal.
Calyx f lin. long ; sepals ovate, acute or subacuminate. Corolla white,
fragrant ; tube 3^-7 (usually 4-5) lin. long; lobes more or less oblong,
obtuse, 2^-oi- lin. long. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled. Berries fig-shaped, 8-9
lin. long, "5-0 lin. in diam. — K Schumann in Engl. &, Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 135. Iliinteria a7nhiens, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii.
223 ; Hallier f . Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 191.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 4000 it., Mann, 1213!
Barombi, 1300 ft., Freuss, 44 ! Johann Albrechts Holie, 1300-1400 ft., Standi,
573! 683! 794! Uipinde, 360 it., Zenker, 1658! 1660! 1728! Bijoka, 500 ft.^
Zenker ! Lolodorr, 1500 ft., St audi, 93 ! Yaunde, Zenker, 501 ! 753 ! Zenker ^
Standi, 611 ! Efulen, Bates, 368 !

G. P. Welwitschii, Sta/pf ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Weho. i. 665.
A tree, 10-18 ft. high; branches spreading, flexuous. Leaves mostly
ternate, rarely opposite, oblong, obtuse or obscurely acuminate, subacute
or obtuse at the base, 4-G in. long, 1|-2| in. broad, coriaceous, glossy-
above, dull green beneath, almost glaucous ; secondary nerves subhori-
zontal, about 10-15 on each side, very faint ; veins obscure; petioles
6 lin. long. Flowers in small axillary clusters, sessile. Calyx h lin.
long ; sepals broadly ovate, very obtuse. Corolla-tube white, 3 J lin. long,
slightly widened above the middle ; lobes yellow, spreading, roundish-
ovate, J lin. long. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled. Berries obovoid or pear-shaped,
5-6 lin. long. — Iliinteria pycnantha^ Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in
Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899), 3. Beih. 191 partly,
not of K. Schum.

KoDirer Guinea. Ansrola : Golungo Alto ; by the Cuango stream, JVelwiisch,
5981 !

South Central. Angola : Lunda ; Luachim River, Buchner, 621 !

Wehvitscli states (in MS.) that this tree is extremely rifcli in a milky juice which
dries to an elastic rubber.

A plant collected in Lunda, on the Lulua River, by Pogge (1630 !) was referred
by Hallier f.. I.e., to Hunieria pycnantha, which it certainly is not, but the specimen
is too defective for determination.

7. P. xnicrantlia, Stapf. A small tree, 20 ft. high ; young
branches slender, terete ; old bark grey. Leaves opposite or ternate,
oblong, abruptly and shortly acuminate (acfumen subacute), acute at
the base, 4-6 in. long, 1 J-2J in. broad, chartaceous, dull green, slightly
shining above ; secondary nerves about 20 on each side, very fine, sub-
horizontal, straight, faintly raised on both sides, but more distinctly

Fleiocai'pa.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 101

above, alternating with very similar tertiary nerves, which are (like the
delicate veins) inconspicuous below and slightly raised above ; petiole
4-5 lin. long. Flowers sessile in compact axillary clusters, often from
the axils of fallen loaves. Calyx ^ lin. long ; sepals ovate, acute or
subacute. Corolla white ; tube 2 lin. long ; lobes shortly ovate, obtuse,
I lin. long. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled.

Upper Culnea. Gold Coast : at the base of the Aburi Hills, Johnson, 623 !

8. P. flavescens, Stapf. A shrub or small tree ; young branches
terete ; bark gi-eyish-brown, breaking up longitudinally. Leaves oppo-
site, rarely ternate, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, shortly and gradually
acuminate or subobtuse, acute at the base, 3-5 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad,
chartaceous or almost coriaceous, shining above, drying dark-brown ;
secondary nerxes 15-20 on each side, with almost indistinguishable
tertiary nerv-es between them, both of which (as well as the veins) are
very faintly raised above and rather obscure below; petiole 4-6 lin.
long. Flowers sessile, in compact sessile or very shortly peduncled
axillary clusters, often from the axils of fallen leaves. Calyx f lin.
long ; sepals broad-ovate, acute to subobtu?e. Corolla whitish to
sulphur-yellow: tube :> lin. long ; lobes short-ovate, obtuse, | Hn. long
Carpels 2, 2-ovuled.

TTpper Guinea. Gold Coast : Acropong, Johnson, 803 ! Aburi Hills, Johnson,
616!

Very near P. micrantha, but the leaves are narrower, not abruptly acuminate
and more coriaceous, and the flowers slightly larger.

9. P. tubicina, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, :}04. A shrub;
branches greyish-brown ; bark breaking up longitudinally. Leaves
ternate, oblong, shortly and more or less obtusely acuminate, acute at
the base, 3|r-5j in. long, 1 to nearly 2 in. broad, coriaceous, glossy
above ; secondary nerves 12-20 on each side, very faint below, more
distinct above, alternating with and often indistinguishable from the
tertiary nerves ; veins quite obscure below, slightly raised above ;
petiole 6-8 lin. long. Flowers sessile, 12-20 in compact axillary clusters,
often from the axils of former leaves. Calyx f lin. long ; sepals
ovate or broad-oblong, obtuse. Corolla white; tube slender, 3-3^ lin.
long ; lobes oblong, obtuse, up to f lin. long. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled.—
Stapf ex Be Wild, k Durand. Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann: Mus. Congo,
Bot. ser. 2, i. fasc. 1, 37; fasc. 2, 40. De Wild. & Durand, Reliq.
Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3, fasc. ii. 150 Hunteria
pycnaniha, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1H99), 3. Beih. 191 partly, not of K. Schum.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Basoko, Demeuse ; Katanga ; Lukof a,
Verdick, 594 ! Kasongo, Dewevre, 945 !

The IkwangovJas, according to Dewevre, use the leaves for pDisoning animals.

302 Lxxxiv. ArocYNACE.E (staff). [Pleiocarpa.

Imperfectly knovni species.

10. P. breviloba, /S7r^7>/'. Young branches slender, subangular;
lenticels scanty, minute. Leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate, acumi-
nate (acumen sublinear, subobtuse), gradually narrowed into the petiole,
4j-fi in. long, lJ-2 in. broad, chartaceous-membranous, shining on
both sides ; secondary nerves mixed with tertiary nerves, v/hich (like the
reticulating veins) are slightly raised, especially above ; petiole o;^-5 lin.
long. Flowers subsessile, in sessile compact axillary clusters. " Calyx
scarcely f lin. long; sepals ovate, acute. Corolla-tube 2|-3 lin. long;
lobes ovate, obtuse, hardly 1 lin. long. Carpels 2. — Uunteria hreviloba^
Hallier 1. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt.
xvii. (ISDO), ?j. Beih. 1^0, and in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk.-
Exped. 300.

Iiower Guinea. French Congo : in forests near the River Sanga, between
Woso and IJonga, Schlechter, 12706.

'J'liis is, no doubt, a true Pleior-arpa.^ very near P. WeUoiisehii and 1 . tiihicinay
if it is not identical with one of tbein.

1 1 . P. caxnerunensis, Stapf. A shrub 3-9 ft. high ; young
branches slender, angular, green ; the older rough with lenticels.
Leaves elliptic- to lanceolate-oblong, abruptly acuminate (acumen
obtuse, up to 7 lin. long), oi-6 in. long, 1J-2J in. broad, chartaceous
or papeiy, dull or pale green ; midrib channelled, with a more or less
distinct central longitudinal ridge ; secondary nerves obliquely spreading,
about 10 on each side, faintly raised above and below; veins obscure;
petiole 3-4 lin. long. Flowers in few- to many-flowered axillary or
pseudoterminal sessile compact clusters. Calyx ^ to almost 1 lin.
long ; sepals ovate-triangular, acute, herbaceous, with an entire or
lobed scale-like gland at the base within. Corolla white ; tube 1 J lin.
long, with a callous ring at the mouth ; lobes oblong, obtuse, as long as
the tube. Carpels 2 ; ovules 4 in each cell. — Eunteria camerunensis,
Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in «lahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt.
xvii. (]809), 3. Beih. 187.

Kower Guinea. Caraeroons ; Blpinde, by streamlets, in shady forest, 300-
350 ft., ZenJcer, 1211! 1620! 2311!

I liave little doubt that this is a Pleiocarpa ; but as the material at my disposal is.
very scanty, I am unable to work out its affinity. Hallier states that there a.re
8 ovules in 4 rows in each carpel ; 1 have not been able to find more than 4 in each
carpel.

12. P. microcarpa, Stci])/. Branches pale brown, with warty
lenticels. Leaves ternate, oblong, abruptly acuminate (acumen linear,
obtuse, up to 5 lin. long), acuminate at the base, 4J-7 in. long, l|-2i
in. broad, almost glaucous below ; secondary nerves subhorizontal, 16-
20 on each side, raised on both sides ; veins delicate, surrounding
horizontal areoles ; petioles 4-G in. long. Flowers in sessile axillary

Fleiocarpa.] Lxxxiy. apocynace^ (staff). 103

clusters. Calyx f lin. long ; sepals broad, ovate, obtuse. Corolla
unknown. Carpels 2, 2-ovuled. Berries ellipsoid or obovoid, minutely
apiculate, 3-4 lin. long (immature). — Hunteria pycnanthay Hallier f.
Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hambuig. Wissensch. Anstalt. xvii. (1899),
3. Beih. 191 partly, not of K. Schum.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Niamuiam, Mbrvvole River, Schiveinfurth,
3073 !

9. POLYADOA, Stapf.

Calyx very small ; sepals 5, almost free, firm, coriaceous, obtusely
keeled, acute or obtuse, with scale- or finger-shaped glands within, more
or, less coated with resin. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube subcylindric, more
or less widened below the naked mouth ; lobes 5, oblong, overlapping to
the left, twisted in bud. Anthers enclosed in the widened part of the
tube, ovate to lanceolate ; cells obtuse at and dehiscent to the base.
Disc. 0. Carpels 2, free ; style filiform ; stigma at the level of the
anthers or almost so, oblong -ellipsoid, viscid, subpapillose all over except
at the smooth bifid apex ; ovules 10-24 in 3-6 rows. Fruit unknown. —
Small glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, thinly coriaceous,
with distant or close, spreading nerves ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary
glands obscure or 0. Flowers in terminal or pseudo-axillary, subsessile
or shortly peduncled, clusters or congested corymbs. " Ajyocynaceay
quoad genus dubia," Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 90.

Species 2, endemic.

Leaves 5-S in. long, 2-3 in. broad ; middle secondary

nerves 5-9 lin. apart . . . . .1. P. Kmbellata.

Leaver 3-5 in. long, l.]-2 in. hi'oad ; middle

secondary nerves 2-3 lin. apart . . . 2. P. l£Uioiii.

1. P. umbellata, Stci])/. A small tree 24-30 ft. high, with very
hard wood ; young branches much compressed, drying blackish- or
reddish-brown, older ones with a few warty lenticels. Leaves elliptic
to broad-oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate or subacuminate,
acute at the base, 4-9 in. long, IJ-oJ in. broad, chartaceous, drying
brown ; midrib channelled above, much raised beneath ; secondary
nerves about 10-14 on each side, rather oblique, straight to beyond the
middle, slightly raised on both sides but principally below ; veins
inconspicuous ; petiole J-| in. long. Flowers many in subsessile,
rarely distinctly peduncled, terminal or pseudo-terminal clusters, or
congested umbelliform inflorescences ; pedicels up to lA lin. long.
Calyx very resinous ; sepals rotundate-ovate, obtuse, with numerous
cylindric glands within, |-f lin. long. Corolla yellowish-white ;
tube slender, 3-3^ lin. long, sparsely pubescent below the stamens ;
lobes flexuous, linear-oblong, as long as or slightly longer than
the tube. Anthers ovate-oblong, subacute, h Hn. long. Ovules about
()-seriate, 3-4 in each row.— Ca/yodbnis umbellata, K. Schum. in Enol.
Jahrb. xxiii. 221 : Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1898, 38. Hunteria.

104 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Poli/odoa.

umheUata, Hallier f. Kautschuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch.
Anstalt. xvii. (1809), 8. Beih. 100.

Upper Guinea. Lagos : Ibadan Foivst, Punch, 138 ! Cameroons : Mbanjja
Mountain, near LolocTorf, 2300 ft., Staudt, 130! Bipiiide, in forest, 500 ft.,
Zenker, 1707 ! 1729 !

2. P. Elliotii, Stapf. A shrub; branches slender, laterally
compressed when young, drying blackish ; lenticels very scanty, warty
Leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse to obtusely sub-
acuminate, acute at the base, :^-5 in. long, 1 J-2 in. broad, subcoriaceous ;
midrib channelled above, prominent beneath ; secondary nerves up to
20 on each side, with very similar parallel tertiary nerves between
them, obliquely spreading, straight, fine, slightly raised on both sides ;
reticulation distinct, though faint, above, obscure beneath ; petiole 4-5
lin. long. Corymbs 5- to many-flowered, subsessile or distinctly
peduncled, compact, terminal ; peduncle up to 5 lin. long; pedicels very
short. Calyx slightly over J lin. long, very resinous ; sepals rotundate-
ovate, obtuse, with cylindric glands within. Corolla-tube 2|-3J
lin. long, pubescent within below the stamens ; lobes oblong, obtuse,
as long as or slightly longer or shorter than the tube. Anthers ovate-
oblong, subobtuse, f lin. long. Ovules 10-12 in about 3 rows.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near Makunde, Scott-Elliot, 5690 ! and without
precise localiiy, Wiilferth (?) !

10. HUNTERIA, Roxb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 698.

Calyx small ; sepals almost free, acute, firm, obtusely keeled, with
adpressed entire or lobed scale-like glands near the base within.
Corolla salver-shaped ; tube slightly widened above the middle, mouth
constricted by a callous ring, naked ; lobes overlapping to the left.
Stamens inserted in the widened part of the tube ; anthers free from
the stigma, oblong-lanceolate ; cells obtuse at and dehiscing to the base.
Disc 0. Carpels 2, free or slightly connate at the base ; style filiform ;
stigma at the level of the anthers, oblong-ellipsoid, subpapillose, with a
distinct bifid apiculus ; ovules collateral, 2 in each cell. Mericarps
baccate, divaricate, or one frequently abortive, ellipsoid or globose,
stipitate, apiculate or obtuse. Seeds 1 or 2 (and then plano-convex), semi-
ellipsoid ; testa rather thick, almost fleshy ; endosperm almost horny ;
cotyledons very thin, foliaceous, as long as the slender radicle. — Glabrous
trees. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, glossy, with numerous faint sub-
parallel nerves ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands very minute or 0 ;
axillary and terminal buds usually more or less coated with resin.
Corymbs terminal or pseudo-axillary.

A small jrenus of 4 species, 1 in East Africa, 3 in Ceylon, South India, and
the Malayan region.

1. H. africana, K. Schum. in Engl. Tfi. Osi-Afr. C. 317. Young
branches brown, soon grey. Leaves oblong or elliptic, obtuse, sometimes
indistinctly acuminate, acute at the base, 3-4 J in. long, 1 J-1 j in. broad,
thinly coriaceous, very glossy above, dull beneath ; lateral nerves about

Hunteria.] Lxxxiv. apocynace.e (staff). 106

15 on each side. Peduncle up to 1 in. long; pedicels 1-2 lin. long.
Sepals acute, 1 lin. long. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long ; lobes 2^-3 lin. long.
Berries (immature) ovoid or globose, stipitate, obtuse or apiculate, 4-5
lin. long.

Xrile Ziand. British East Africa : by the River Sabaki, near Malindi, Kirk !

XMCozam'b.Slst. German East Afi'ica : Usambara ; Pangani, Stuhlmann, 77 !
Usaramo ; Hag inioyo, Stuhlmann, 206 ! Dar es Salaam, Kirk !

11. DIPLORHYWCHUS, Welw. in Trap^. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 2'2.

Calyx very small, eglandular; sepals almost free, ovate, subacute,
more or less membranous or subherbaceous, not resinous. Corolla
salver-shaped ; tube cylindric, widened below and constricted at the
mouth ; lobes oblong, overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted in the
widened part of the tube ; anthers free from the stigma, ovate, acute ;
cells obtuse at and dehiscing to the base. Disc 0. Carpels 2, free ;
style filiform ; stigma at the level of the anther.^, depressed-capitate,
subpapillose, with a bifid smooth apiculus ; ovules 2-4* in each cell,
superposed. Mericarps follicular, 2, spreading, semi-obovate, stipitate,
woody or coriaceous, warty, dehiscent. Seeds 2-4, strongly compressed,
winged, the wing of the basal seed terminal, that of the topmost seed
basal ; endosperm 0 ; cotyledons reniform, almost twice as broad as long ;
radicle short, lateral. — Trees or scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite,
coriaceous with rather numerous parallel nerves, minutely reticulate ;
axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands quite obscure or 0. Flowers small,
white, fragrant, in terminal often lax panicles.

About 5 species, endemic, all of them very closely allied and difficult to dis-
criminate.

Young branches, leaves and inflorescences perfectly glabrous.
Leaves broad-elliptic, generally rounded or truncate
at the base; corolla-tube 1\ lin. long, lobes
slightly longer . . . . . . 1. D. Welwitschii.

Leaves oblong, acute at the base ; corolla-tube 1 lin.

long, lobes almost twice as long . . . 2. D. angolensis.

Young branches, leaves, and inflorescences, or at least the latter, distinctly
pubescent.

Lateral nerves 8-12 on each side.

Leaves elliptic, distinctly cuneate, glabrous;

petiole 10-12 lin. long . • • . 3. 2). psilopus.

Leaves ovate or elliptic, rounded or shortly acute
at the base, softly pubescent beneath, rarely

subglabrous; petiole 4^8 lin. long. . . 4. D. mossambicensis.

Lateral nerves 14-16 on each side . . . 5. D. ang^isUfolia.

1. D. "Welwitschii, Rolfe in Bolet. Soc. Bot. xi. 85. A shrub
8 to 15 ft. high. Branches sarmentose, glabrous, terete, more or less
•dotted with minute lenticels. Leaves broadly elliptic, mostly shortly and
obtusely acuminate, or sometimes rounded or retuse at the apex, rounded
■or truncate, rarely subacute at the base, 2-3J in. long, 1 J-2 in. broad,
coriaceous, perfectly glabrous, dark olive-biown when dry ; nerveR

106 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Diplorhynchus.

0-12 on each side; petioles about 4 lin. long. Panicle slender, loose,,
perfectly glabrous, 4— 4 J in. long; pedicels scarcely 1 lin. long. Calyx
glabrous, J lin. long ; sepals broadly ovate. Corolla whitish glabrous
without; tube cylindric, IJ lin. long; lobes slightly longer. Follicles
Ij in. long. — D. Foggei, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 112, fig. 54, d; De Wild, in Rev. Cult. Colon, x. (1902) 142.
D. angolensis, Britten in Journ. Bot. 1895, 7G partly; Hiern in Cat.
Afr. PI. Welw. i. 6G7 partly, De Wild. I.e. 141 partly, not of Buttner.

XiO-wer Guinea. Angola: Cazengo; in dense tliickets on the banks of the-
Kiver liuiuba, Wehritsch, 5968! Mi^lange, Marques, 16!

South Central. Congo Free State : Lomami River, Pogge, 1002 !

2. D. angolensis, Biittner in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenh. xxxi.
85. A rambling shrub ; branches pendulous, glabrous, scantily dotted
with minute whitish lenticels. Leaves ob'long to elliptic, obtuse or
obtusely subacuminate, acute at the base, 2-d in. long, 1-1 f in. broad,,
thinly coriaceous, reddish-brown when dry ; nerves 7-9 on each side ;
petioles 8-6 lin. long, rarely less. Panicle very many-flowered, per-
fectly glabrous, 2-3 in. long ; flowers crowded on the branchlets ;
pedicels scarcely 1 lin. long. Calyx glabrous, J lin. long; sepals broadly
ovate. Corolla glabrous without, slightly hairy on the lobes within ;
tube cylindric below, obovoid above the middle, 1 lin. long ; lobes almost
twice as long. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 142.
Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 189 ; not of Hiern in Cat. Afr.
PI. Welw. i. 067; De Wild, in Rev. Cult. Colon, x. (1902) 140-142
partly.

Ziower Guinea. Angola: Malange, J/ecZ/otf, 193 ! liew^wcXn, Siedhr ! by
the Kiver Kuaiigo, Biitfner, 404.

De Wildeman, I.e., indicates D. angolenfiis as collected by Butaye (2241) near
Kisantu, Lower Congo ; but the description given by him of this plant does not
quite agree. It is stated to yield a kind of varnish.

3. De psilopus, WeUo. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 23, t. 5.
A small tree or climbing or rambling shrub ; branches sarmentose^
more or less puberulous when young, soon glabrescent, scantily dotted
with obscure lenticels. Leaves elliptic-cuneate, obtuse or obtusely
subacuminate, cuneate at the base, 2-3 in. long, 1-lf in. broad, cori-
aceous, glabrous or minutely papillose on the midrib near the base on
both sides, subglaucous above, pale brown beneath ; nerves 8-9 on each
side; petioles 10-12 lin. long. Panicle contracted, short, pubescent,
1-2 in. long; pedicels up to 1 lin. long. Calyx pubescent; sepals ovate.
Corolla white, fragrant, glabrous without, slightly hairy on the lobes
within ; tube slightly constricted below the middle, obovoid above, a little
over 1 lin. long ; lobes slightly longer. Follicles half -ovoid, scarcely 1
in. long, spread out when quite ripe into a nearly flat disc ; seeds broadly
winged.— Ficalho, PI. Uteis Afr. Port. 221 : K. Schum. in Engl, k

Diplorhynchus.] lxxxiv. apocynace.e (staff). 107

Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 142, fig. 54 M-N ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL
Welw. i. GOO.

^Lcwer Guinea. Angola: Huilla ; \\\\\s near ^ owe, Welw Uf;c}i,o^^2\ AntuneSy
292!

A fruit collected at Tundo Quiloiulio in Pungo Aiulougo, by Welwitscli (fruit
729), piobably belongs to J), psilopns. Wehvits-ch also states in a note that
this species occurs in Pungo Andongo as well as in Cazeiigo. Ficalho records it from
the River Nindn, Central Angola, where Serpa Pinto collected it.

4. D. xnossambicensiSy Benth. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 1355. A
tree ; branches minutely greyish tomentose when young, at length
glabrescent, pale or gre;yish- brown ; lenticels few, obscure. Leaves
ovate, elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, rounded or shortly acute at the base,,
obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 2J-4 in. long, lJ-2-| in. broad, papery,
softly pubescent on both sides when young, ultimately glabrescent,
rarely almost glabrous from the beginning; nerves 8-12 on each side;
petioles 4-8 lin. long. Panicles mostly contracted, sometimes elongate
and loose, pubescent or tomentose, 1-4 in. long ; pedicels very short, up
to 2 J lin. long. Calyx pubescent, | lin. long; sepals short, broadly ovate.
Corolla glabrous ; tube slightly constricted below the middle, obovoid
above, up to 1 J lin. long ; lobes as long as or slightly longer than the
tube. Follicles obtuse or shortly beaked, 2 in. long. — K. Schum. in
Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 142; and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. B.
351, C. 316 ; De Wild, in Rev. Cult. Colon, x. (1902), 139, 142.

Iiower Cruinea. South Angola : by the Cliitanda Kiver, between Gaudko]>je
and Katzele, 4000 ft., JBaum, 178 !

South Central. Congo Free State : Katanga ; Lukof u, Verdick !

Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Ukome, on Lake Victoria, Sttihlmantiy
880 ! Pori, near Gonda, Bdhm, 160a ! Steppes by the Rufidji River, 800 ft.,.
Goetze, 87! Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique; Cape Caboceira, Carralho !
Lower Shire River ; MoramLalla Mountain, KirJ< ! British Central Africa : Nyasa-
land; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 12! Mount Malosa, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte!
and without precise locality, Buchanan, 9 ! 391 ! south coast of Tanganyika, Scoft-
Elliot, 8263 ! Boruma, on the Zambesi, Menyharth, B !

Baum's specimens from the Chitanda River have slightly larger calyces with
oblong- ovate lobes.

5. D. angustifolia, Stapf. A small tree ; branches very slender,,
pubescent when quite young ; lenticels very obscure. Leaves lanceolate
or lanceolate-oblo'ng, acute at the base, shortly acuminate (acumen nar-
row and obtuse), rarely broad-oblong and rounded at the base, 2A-3 in.
long, 1-1^ in. broad, thinly coriaceous, glabrous or minutely papillose on
the midrib near the base, reddish-brown, paler beneath when dry;
nerves 14-16 on each side; petioles 3-5 lin. long. Panicle loose,
mostly small and few-flowered, pubescent, i -2 in. long ; pedicels up
to 1 lin. long. Calyx puberulous near the base, J lin. long ; lobes broad-
ovate. Corolla glabrous without, with a line of hairs on the lobes

108

Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Diphi'hytichus.

within ; tube constricted near the base, obovoid above, 1 Hn. long ; lobes
slightly longer.

Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Ugalla ; Kabombue, Bohm, 29a !
Portuguese Ens': Africa : Lower Zambesi ; opposite Sena, Kirk /

12. RAUWOLFIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. 697.

Calyx small, eglandular within, more or less herbaceous; sepals 5,
almost free and imbricate or united into a flat r>-toothed cup. Corolla
salver-shaped ; tube slightly widened below the mouth, very rarely just
below the middle {R. Volkensii) ; mouth constricted, without appendages,
usually villous ; lobes 5, twisted and overlapping to the left. Stamens
in the widened part of the tube; filaments short; anthers free from
the stigma, ovate, usually rather obtuse, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed
at the base ; anther-cells polliniferous and dehiscing to the base. Disc
annular or cup-shaped, entire or slightly lobed. Carpels 2, free or
more or less coherent; style filiform or columnar; stigma capitate,
shortly cylindric, minutely papillose and slightly viscous, with a basal
deflected rim or membrane and a usually very short slightly bilobed
apiculus rising from a shallow depression ; ovules 2 in each cell,
collateral. Mericarps 2 (or often 1 by abortion), free or more or less
united, drupaceous; pyrenes crustaceous, 1-2-seeded, more or less com-
pressed. Seeds ovoid ; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons flat; radicle straight
or recurved. — Mostly glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or
\erticillate, those of a whorl often very unequal ; axillary stipules 0 ;
axillary glands numerous, in a dense fringe or in clusters, frequently
secreting resin. Inflorescences terminal or pseudo-axillary, peduncled,
few- or many-flowered, often repeatedly 2-:3-chotomous, compound,
umbeUiform or corymbose, rarely racemiform ; flowers small.

Species about 50 in the tropics of both hemispheres and in eastern South Africa.
*Corolla-tube li-3| lin. long ; mouth densely villous; lobes \-\ the length of the
tube ; stamens near the mouth.

fYoung branches stout ; leaf whorls crowded ; leaves firmly membranous or char-
taceous, ncute or acuminate, not caudate ; flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled, in
dense cymes on the ends of the secondary or tertiary rays of usually large umbels ;
fruit a globose or obcordate -globose twin drupe, or more usually (by abortion) a
simple often asymmetric drupe, rather fleshy, slightly compressed.

Young branches distinctly 4- winged . . . . 1. R. macrophylla.

Young branches terete or subangular, not winged.
Leaves narrow-lanceolate (|-lr, in. broad), long and
gradually acuminate at both ends; petioles
\-\\ in. long, very slender . . . . 2. S. caffra.

Leaves lanceolate to lanceolate- elliptic (I5-4 in.
broad), acute or shortly acuminate.
Blade not or obscurely decurrent at the acute

base ; petiole ^-1 in. long . . . 3. jB. Welwitschii.

Blade more or less decurrent ; petiole usually
very short.
Blade about 5 times as long as broiid . . 4:. JR. natalensis.

Blade about 2-4 times as long as broad.

Rauwolfia.

LXXXIV. APOOYNACE^ (sTAPF).

109

Umbels contracted ; peduncles up to 1 in.
long; calyx 5-partite; segments very
broad, distinctly overlapping at the
base ; leaf-reticulation ratlier close,
distinct . .

Umbels lax ; peduncles 2-3^ in. long ; calyx
less divided ; segments less overlapping
or not at all ; leaf-reticulation very
Lix, faint.
Blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, about
4 times as long as broad.
Secondary nerves 25-30 on each side,
subhorizontal, straight or slightly
curved ; calyx-segments slightly
overlapping at the base ; corolla-
tube 2.> lin. long
Secondaiy nerves 16-20 on each side,
oblique, curved ; calyx cup-
shaped, 5-toothed ; corolla-tube
1^-2 lin. long ....
Blades lanceolate-obiong or elliptic, 2-3
times as long as broad .

5. R. ochrosioides.

6. R. inehriai

7. R. obliqui nereis.

8. R. Gcefze

If Young branches slender ; leaf whorls distant; leaves thinly membra nou?, acute
to caudate-acuminate ; flowers distinctly pedicelled, in small umbels or racemiform
cymes ; fruit a twin drupe, with the two halved connate to or beyond the middle, but
separated by a groove on each side, or quite free, or more usually (by abortion) a
simple, often asymmetric di'upe, scantily fleshy and often laterally compressed.
Loaves caudate-acuminate ; flowers on short pedicels in
usually paired racensiform or subscorpioid cymes ;
fruit halves (if both are developed) connate to
or beyond the middle, separated by a groove on
each side, strongly laterally compressed.
Branches 4-angular when ^oung, with more or less

conspicuous decurrent raised lines
Branches terete, without decurrent lines.

Peduncles rather stout .....

Peduncles filiform ......

Leaves acute or acuminate, scarcely ever caudate ;
flowers on slender, short or long pedicels at the
ends of the secondary or tertiary rays of a com-
pound umbel or in repeatedly dichotomous cymes
arranged in umbels ; fruit halves (if both are
developed) quite free, divaricate, compressed oi
not.
Drupes laterally much compressed, -l-o lin. long .
Drupes ellipsoid, 3-3 i lin. long.

Inflorescence glabrous ; style glabrous
Inflorescence pubescent ; style villous ::t the

base 14. i?. vomitoria.

9. R. Mannii.

10. R. Preussii.

11. R. rosea.

12. R. Cui

13. R. mombasia)

**Corolla-tube 6 lin. long ; mouth not villous ; lobes at
least ^ the length of the tube; stamens inserted
below the middle ...••••

15. R. rulkei

110 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Rauioolfia.

1. R. xnacrophylla^ Stwpf in Kew Bulletin, 1804^, 20. A tree,
40-50 ft. high, quite glabrous ; young branches stout, ^-winged, dark
brown or blackish. Leaves in whorls of 4, lanceolate or oblong-
obovate, obtuse or subacute, long cuneate at the base and decurrent
into the short or indistinct petiole, 6-8 in. long, 2L-8 in. broad, firmly
membranous; secondary nerves 10-24 on each side, straight, sub-
horizontal ; veins forming a faint netw^ork beneath. Flowers shortly
pedicelled, in dense cymes on the ends of the secondary rays of large
umbels; peduncles IJ--^) in. long ; primary rays |-2 in. long, secondary
rays 8-9 lin. long ; pedicels in the flower J-1 lin., in fruit up to 2 lin.
long. Calyx |-| lin. long ; segments ovate or triangular, acute.
Corolla-tube about IJ lin, long ; lobes ovate, obtuse, \-'i lin. long;
mouth villous. Style 1 lin. long, glabrous. Fruit a more or less
globose or ellipsoid, slightly compressed drupe with usually 2 often
unequal pyrenes, about 4 lin. long. — R. gonioclada, K. Schum. and
it. lencopoda, K. Schum. MS.

Upper Guinea. Canieroons : Ambas Bay, Mann, 1328 ! Bipinde, Zenker,
1626! 1975!

2. R. caffra, Sonder in Linncea, xxiii. 77. A large tree, 50-60 ft.
high, quite glabrous ; young branches angular or almost terete, stout,
blackish-brown when dry. Leaves in whorls of 3-5, unequal, lanceolate,
long acuminate, long cuneate at the base, 3-8 in. long, J-1^ in. broad,
membranous, rather firm ; secondary nerves 20-30 on each side, straight
or curved, subhorizontal ; veins obscui'e or more or less distinct below ;
petioles up to 1 J in. long. Cymes dense, at the ends of the secondary
or tertiary rays of large umbels ; flowers shortly pedicelled or subsessile ;
peduncles 1-2J in. long; primary rays f-lj in. long, secondary rays
1-1 in. long. Calyx ^-| lin. long ; lobes ovate, acute. ' Corolla white ;
tube 1 J-2 lin. long, mouth very hairy ; lobes ovate, very short, subacute.
Carpels connate at the base in the flower, more or less fused in the fruit
or usually only one developing; style glabrous, J lin. long; stigma
truncate with a reflexed membrane. Fruit a simple drupe (by abortion),
obovoid or almost globose, 3 lin. long, or an obcordate twin drupe.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Katanga ; near Lukofii, J'eirlicJc, 618 !
Lake Nivers, Verdick !

Also in the Transvaal. The Congo B'ree State specimens differ from those of
the Transvaal in the more distinct reticulation of the Jeaves and sessile or subsessile
flowers.

3. R, Welwitschii, Stapf. A tree, 25-35 ft. high, quite
glabrous ; young branches angular or almost terete, stout, blackish when
dry. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, oblanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, very
acute, apiculate or finely and acutely acuminate, acute at the base, not
decurrent, 3J-6 in. long, l^-lf in. broad (rarely up to 12 in. long and
3|- in. broad), more or less firmly membranous, shining above ; secondary
nerves up to 30 on each side, slightly curved or straight, subhorizontal-;
veins distinct, dark, loosely anastomosing; petiole h-^\ in. long.
Flowers sessile, in dense clusters on the ends of the slender secondary

Hauwolfi.a.'] Lxxxiv. APocYNACEiE (staff). Ill

rays of an umbel ; pedunde up to 2 in. long ; primary rays 1 J in. long ;
•secondary rays J in. long. Calyx not quite J lin. long, cup-shaped',
o-toothed. Corolla whitish; tube l\ lin. long, villous at the mouth;
lobes very broad, ovate, subacute, small. Carpels connate at the base ;
style glabrous, less than 1 lin. long. Fruit a more or less obcordate
twin drupe or an ellipsoid or subglobose simple drupe, rather thick,
up to 5 lin. long. — R. caffra, var. natalensis, Stapf ex Hiern in Cat.
Afr. PI. Welw, i. G65, excl. syn.

Iiower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; common by streams, Welwitsch
5951!

Welwitsch, 5952 from the Tangue River, Angola, is very similar in foliage to
Welwitsch, 5951, but the fruit accompanying it belongs evidently to a species of Cono-
pharyngia.

4. R, natalensis, Sond. in Linncua, xxiii. 78. A tree, 30-40 ft.
high, quite glabrous ; young branches terete, stout, blackish or brown
when drj'. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, oblanceolate, acute or subacuminate,
long attenuated towards the base and more or less decurrent on the
petiole, 5-12 in. long, l\-2\ in. broad, firmly membranous, pale dull
green; secondary nerves 18-30 on each side, slightly curved, sub-
horizontal ; veins quite obscure, or very faint, loosely anastomosing ;
petiole 2-12 lin. long, stout. Cymes very dense, at the ends of the
secondary rays of large umbels ; peduncle 2-3 J in. long, stout ; primary
rays 1-2 in. long ; secondary rays 3-G lin. long ; pedicels in flower up
to J lin. long, in fruit up to 1 lin. long. Calyx h lin. long ; lobes
broad, ovate, subacute. Corolla-tube about 2 lin. long, densely villous
at the mouth ; lobes small, rounded. Carpels connate at the base or
half-way up in flower. Fruit a more or less obovoid or subglobose
drupe, 4 lin. long (semimature). — K. Sclium. in Engl, k, Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam. iv. ii. 154.

XMozamt). Slst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, on the
banks of streams, Buchanan, 24!

Also in Natal.

A plant collected by Boehm and Reichardt in Kavende, Western German East
Africa, an I distributed as Voacanga angustifoUa, K. Sclmm. (ined.), belongs either to
R. caffra or to a new species nearly allied to it. I have only seen a leaf and a fruit
of it. Tiie leaf is linear-lanceolate, acuminate, long attenuate into a short stout
petiole, over 7 in. long, slightly over 1 in. broad, with about 10-20 very delicate
curved secondary nerves. The fruit is a very tleshy obscurely and asymmetrically
obcordate twin drupe with 2 unequal pyrenes, over ^ in. long and across.

Another specimen collected by Kirk between Shibisa and Tshinmuzo, in Nyasa-
land, between 2000 and 4003 ft., agrees with R. nataleasis in the inflorescences and
flowers, but the leaves are relatively broader (3 times as long as broad), not quite so
firm and more distinctly reticulated; they are nearly all detached and mutilated.

5. R. ochrosioideSy K. Schum. in Engl. Pji. Ost-Ajr. C. 318
(not elsewhere). Whole plant glabrous. Young branches terete or
subangular, blackish when dry, stout. Leaves in whorls of 4 or more,
lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, acute or apiculate, long attenuate into

112 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Rauit'olfia.

the very short petiole, 2 J-G in. long, f -2 in. broad, firmly membranous ;
midrib rather slender, deeply channelled above ; secondary nerves about
16-2.") on each side, starting more or less at right angles to the midrib,
curved near the margin ; reticulation distinct, dark brown, somewhat
close. Flowers sessile in dense clusters at the ends of the secondary
rays of compound contracted umbels ; peduncle J-1 in. long ; primary
rays up to h in. long ; secondary rays 2-3 lin. long. Calyx J lin. long ;.
segments broad-ovate, subacute, overlapping at the base. Corolla-tube
scarcely H lin. long, villous at the mouth ; lobes broad-ovate, obtuse or
subacute, "^ lin. long. Carpels connate at the very base in flower.
Fruit unknown. — B. inebrians, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. B.
352 (the Gonja plant only).

IkKozamb. Hist. German East Africa : Itarige, Fischer, 377 1 Usambara ;
Gonja, Eobt, 4336 !

I have seen only the top of a flowerincr branch of Fischer's specimen. Its leaves
are much narrower and smaller thiin those of the Gonja plant, but tliey agree
exactly in the nervation, venation, and texture; the intioresceuce and flowers al>a
agree.

G. R. inebrians. A". *S'c7mm. iii Engl Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 93, 105;
B. 352 partly ; C. 318 partly. A middle-sized tree, quite glabrous;
young branches terete, blackish when dry, stout. Leaves in whorls of
about 4, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or broad-oblanceolate, acute or
shortly and very acutely acuminate, long attenuate towards the short
petiole, 5-12 in. long, lJ-3 in. broad, membranous; midrib stout;,
secondary nerves about 25-30 on each side, subhorizontal, straight or
slightly curved, forked near the margin ; veins faint, loosely anastomos-
ing. Flowers sessile or subsessile in dense clusters on the ends of the
secondary rays of compound lax umbels (about 3 in. in diam.) ; peduncle
up to 2 in. long; primary rays up to 2 in. long; secondary rays up to
4 Hn. long. Calyx J lin. long; segments ovate, subacute, overlapping
at the base. Corolla" white ; tube 2J lin. long, villous at the mouth ;
lobes very broad, subacute or obtuse, h lin. long. Carpels connate at
the very base in flower. Fruit unknown. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 154; Yolk. Kilimand. 231, 291.

Mozamb. Hist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Marangu, 490O ft.,
Volkens, 1415 !

7. R. obliquinervis, Stapf. Whole plant glabrous. Young
branches stout, terete, blackish when dry. Leaves whorled, very shortly
petioled or subsessile, lanceolate or oblanceolate, shortly and very acutely-
acuminate, long attenuate towards the base, 6-9 in., long, lJ-2 in.
broad, firmly membranous, dark and shghtly shining above, pale beneath ;
midrib channelled above, prominent and stout beneath ; secondary nerves
16-20 on each side, oblique, starting at an angle of 65°-45°, curved ;
reticulation faint though distinct, lax. Flowers sessile or subsessile in
dense clusters, at the ends of the secondary rays of lax compound umbels ;
peduncle 2 in. long ; primary rays 1-lf in. long; secondary rays 4-9
in. long. Calyx not quite J Un. long, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Corolla-

Rauv:olJia.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). US

tube 1 J-2 lin. long, villous at the mouth ; lobes very broad, ovate, sub-
obtuse, scarcely J lin. long. Carpels connate at the base or up to the
middle. Fruit unknown. — B. ochrosioides, K. Schum. in Engl, Glied.
Yeg. Usambara, 52 and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Air. A. 88 (not elsewhere).
R. inehrians, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 318 (not elsewhere).

IKEozamb. Hist. German East Africa: Usambara; at Kizara in North
Handei, Holsf, 2360 !

8. R. Goetzeiy Stapf. Whole plant glabrous. Young branches
stout, subangular, brown when dry. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, shortly
petioled, oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, more or less
attenuate at the base, very variable in size, up to 1 ft. long and 4 in.
broad, chartaceous ; midrib channelled above, stout beneath ; secondary
nerves up to 30 or more on each side, subhorizontal, straight or the
upper curved ; reticulation faint, lax ; petiole hardly any or up to h in.
long, stout. Flowers very shortly pedicelled in few-flowered (always?)
clusters on the ends of the secondary or tertiary rays of lax compound

ovate, obtuse, scarcely h lin. long. Carpels connate at the base. Fruit
unknown.

XVKczaxab. Sist. German East Africa : Ruhanibe, 1650 ft., Gcetze, 385 !

The discrimination of this and the three preceding- species is not quite satis-
factory' owing to the scanty niaterinl. Further investigation will show how far the
characters derived from tlie shape, size and nervntion of tlie leaves may be relied
upon. The degree of division of the cal\ x, whether o-purtite with segments dis-
tinctly overlapphig at the base, or merely 5-toothed, will probably l)e found of
greater taxonomic value.

9. R. Mannii, Stapf in Keio Bulletin, 1894, 21. A shrub, G-9 ft.
high, perfectly glabrous; youngest branches quadrangular, soon rounded,
with more or less conspicuous decurrent lines. Leaves in whorls of
4-3, very unequal in size, oblong ; abruptly contracted into a yarrow
linear acumen (J to 1 in. long), gradually narrowed into the petiole,
the longer ones 5-9 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, thinly membranous;
secondary nerves almost horizontal, 12-16 on each side; veins quite
obscure ; petioles 2-8 lin. long. Flowers in small few-flowered pseudo-
umbels ; peduncle about 1 in. long, very slender ; pedicels 1-2 lin. long.
Calyx 1 lin. long; segments linear-lanceolate. Corolla-tube 2^ lin.
long, villous at the mouth; lobes ovate, obtuse, J lin. long. Carpels
connate at the base ; style slender, glabrous. Fruit a simple obliquely
ovoid much-compressed drupe or an obcordate twin drupe, 4-5 lin.
long. — De Wild, k Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot.
ser. 3, fasc. ii. 150. R. cardiocarpa, K. Schum. in Engl, ife Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 154, fig. 56, E,.

Upper Guinea. C.imeroons : Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker Sf Sfaudt, 665!
Bipinde, Zenker^ 1815 !

Soutli Central. Congo Free State : liokakata, Dewcvre, 791.

Jao-wer Guinea. Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal, ^ann, 1720! Muni-'a ;
Sibange Farm, Soyaux !

114 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Rauwolfia.

10. R. Preussiiy K. Schuin. in Engl, d' Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 154. fig. 50, S. Branches terete, slender olive-brown, dotted
with whitish lenticels. Leaves ternate, obovate-oblong, suddenly con-
tracted into a linear acumen (up to 0 lin. long and 1-H lin. broad),
cuneate at the base, very variable in size, up to 7 in. long and 2J in.
broad, thinly membranous ; secondary nerves about 6-10 on each side ;
veins quite obscure ; petiole 4-6 lin. long. Flowers in paired subscorpioid
or raceme-like cymes, much contracted when young, resembling a small
corymb ; peduncle J-1 J in. long ; pedicels up to 2 lin. long. Calyx | lin.
long ; segments lanceolate-linear, obtuse. Corolla-tube about 2 lin. long ;
lobes rounded, | lin. long. Fruit an obliquely obovoid simple or obcor-
date twin drupe, acute, 4 lin. long. — Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-
Exped. 307.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Barombi, Preuss, 65 ! 342 ! Lolodorf, Staudt, 384 !
Mundame, 660 ft., Schlechter, 12929.

11. R. rosea, K. Schum. in PJngl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C 317. A gla-
brous shrub, about 0 ft. high ; branches divaricate, terete, slender.
Leaves ternate, obovate-oblong to oblong, acuminate (acumen acute, J in,
long), acute to cuneate at the base, 4-6 in. long, lf-2;^ in. broad,
thinly membranous, dark green above, pale beneath ; secondary nerves
0-12 on each side, oblique, curved ; veins obscure ; petiole 4-6 lin. long
Cymes solitary or 2-4 on a common peduncle, few-flowered, racemiform ;
peduncle very slender, J-J in. long. Calyx not quite 1 lin. long ; segments
ovate, subacute. Corolla rose-coloured ; tube 2 J lin. long, villous at the
mouth ; lobes orbicular- ovate, | lin. long. Fruit an oblique, oblong-
ovoid, simple, or an obcordate twin drupe, each drupe 4 lin. long.

IVIozaxnb. Bist. German East Africa : Usanibara ; Lutindi, in forests, Holst^
3250 ! Nguelo, Heinsen !

12. R. Cuxnminsii, Stapf. A glabrous shrub; young branches
quadrangular, slender. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, oblanceolate, acumi-
nate, long attenuate at the base, 4-6 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, dull pale
green, membranous ; secondary nerves about 1 2 on each side, oblique,
curved ; petiole 1-3 lin. long. Cymes 3-1-flowered, lax, arranged in
4-2-rayed umbels ; peduncle about f in. long, slender ; rays about 3 lin.
long, very slender; pedicels Ij lin. long. Calyx J lin. long; segments
ovate, acute. Corolla unknown in the normal state. Fruit a simple
or twin drupe, with the two halves quite free and divaricate; drupes
semi-elliptic, 5 lin. long, much compressed from the sides, red, outer
edge almost straight.

TTpper Guinea. Asbanti : Assin Yan Kumasi, Cummins, 216 I

The corollas of the specimen are, below the middle, deformed by a gall insect.

They are about -i| lin. long of which nearly 2^ lin. go to the gall, which consists of

an almost solid thick ellipsoid body.

13. R. mombasiana, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 21. A shrub,
up to 6 ft. high, perfectly glabrous ; youngest branches quadrangular.

Rauwolfia.'] lxxxiv. apocynAce.e (sTiPF). 115

Leaves in whorls of 4-3, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, cuneate at the base, 4-8 in. long, \-'ll in. broad, thinly
membranous ; secondary nerves 15-18 on each sidefrarely fewer, much
spreading, curved; veins quite obscure; petiole 4-12 lin. long. Flowers
pedicelled at or near the ends of the secondary or tertiary rays of a
compound umbel ; peduncles 2-6 in. Iqng ; primary rays 2.'—;^ in. long;
secondary and tertiary rays often very unequal, 6-2 lin. long"; pedicels
filiform, up to 8 lin. long. Calyx J-f lin. long ; segments ovate, acute.
Corolla yellowish ; tube '6-6^ lin. long, villous at the mouth ; lobes
ovate, obtuse, f lin. long. Carpels free : style slender, glabrous. Fruit
a simple or divaricate twin drupe ; drupes quite free, ovoid, subapiculate,
3-4 lin. long, red. — R. monopyrena, K. Schum. in Engl. Pll. Ost-Afr
C. 318.

Wile Iiand. British East Africa : Witu, Thomas, 110 ! 130 ! MombasM, Hilde-
hrandt, 2011 ! Wakefield ! Kabai Hills, Taylor /

Mozamb. Di8t> German East Africa : Usambara ; Amboni, Hoist, 2801a 1
Zanofuebar, Kirk, 84 ! Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; ■ Shupauga,
Kirk !

14. R, vomitoria, ^4/^. Stirp. Guin. Med. >Sp. Xov. 1. A shrub or
small tree, up to 20 ft. high, glabrous except the inflorescences ; young
branches quadrangular. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, very variable in
shape, lanceolate to elliptic, more or less acuminate at both ends, 3-7
in. long, 1-3 in. broad, thinly membranous; secondary nerves 10-lG,
much spreading; veins usually very obscure; petiole 3-15 lin. long.
Flowers in repeatedly dichotomous finely pubescent cymes, arranged in
umbels ; peduncles J-3 in. long ; primary rays J— 1 in. long ; pedicels
slender, from less than J lin. to 2 lin. long. Calyx h to over J lin. long ;
segments ovate, obtuse. Corolla white ; tube somewhat constricted at
the very mouth, 3-3J lin. long ; hairy in the mouth ; lobes ovate,
obtuse, |-| lin. long. Carpels free; style slightly thickened and villous
towards the base, 1^-2 lin. long. Fruit a simple or divaricate twin
drupe; drupes quite free, ovoid, subapiculate, 3^—4 lin. long, red. —
Spreng. Syst. i. 834 ; DC. Prod. viii. 341 ; Hook. Niger Fl. 446 ;
L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 295. B. Senegamhice, DC. Prod. viii. 340;
Hook. I.e. ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfnm. iv. ii. 154 ; De
Wild, in Bull. Herb. Boiss, ser. 2, i. 34. R. seneyambica, A. DC. ex De
Wild, k, Durand, Reliq. Devvevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3,
fasc. ii. 150. R. pleiosciadica, K. Schum. I.e., and in Schlechter, Westafr.
Kautschuk-Exped. 307. R. Stuhlmannii, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl.
Ost-Afr. C. 318 ; R. congolana^ De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rendus
Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 204, and Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo
Bot. ser. 3, fasc. ii. 150.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia : Rio l^wnez, Hendelof, Q\0. Frencb Guinea;
near Sulimana, 3500 ft., Scott-Elliot, 5318 ! Duyania, Scott-Elliot, 4823 ! 8iorra
Leone: K^mh\?i, Scott- Elliot, A'dhQ'. Bafodeya, 5co^/-^//io/', 5501 : Kagru KivtM-,
JlfaMH.' and without precise locality, ^/rfZ/?;*.' Don! T'oqel, lOS I Barter! Liberia:
Orand Bassa, Vo^el, 19 ! Gold Coast, Burron Sf Cameron ! Lag<^s : Ebula Metta,
Millen, 20 ! Abeokuta, Irvhig, 23 I 64- ! between Abookuta and Ibadan, Scldocbter,

116 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Eauwolfia.

13037; near Lagos, Rowland/ Niger Protectorate: by the Nun River, Barter,
2091! Nupe, Barter, 1704! Old Calabar, Thomson, 5-1! 120! Cross River,
Johnston I Cameroons : Cameroon River, Mann, 750 ! Preuss, 903 ! Batangn,
Bates, 32! Yaunde, 2600 it., ZenJ^er ^ StawcU, 118! 784! Zenker, 736! 8001
1736 ! Bipinde, Zenker, 842 ! 850 ! 1626b ! 2118 !

XiOTver Guinea. Gaboon : Klaine, 892 ! Lower Congo : Kisantu, Q-illet,
203!

IMEozamb. Slat. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 980,
3616, 3621 !

Soatli Central. Congo Free State : Niamniam, by the Assika River, Schocein-
furth, 3246 : Mobanga, on tbe Congo, Dewevre, 753. Kiboubou, neur Kasongo,
Dewevre, 924 !

15. R. Volkensii, Stapf. A glabrous shrub, 6 ft. high ; branches
slender, the older coaiseiy leniiceilate. Leaves in pairs or in whorls of
3, broadly lanceolate to lanceolate -oblong, 2|-3 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad,
acute or subacuminate at both ends, very thin ; secondary nerves about
7 on each side, faint, but distinct. Flowers pedicelied, in more oi-
less umbeliiform 8-5-liowered glabrous peduncled terminal cymes;
peduncles up to 1 in. long ; pedicels 2-5 Im. long. Calyx-segments
lanceolate-subulate, 1 lin. long. Corolla greenish ; tube i in. long,
widened below the middle, hairy w^ithin except at the base, mouth not
villous; lobes elliptic, very obtuse, 4-5 lin. long, elegantly veined.
Anthers inserted 2 lin. above the base, |-1 lin. long. Carpels connate
beyond the middle; style 1^ lin. long. Fruit obcordate when young. —
Taherncpmontana Volkensii, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 316.

nCozambi. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Mlalo, Holst^ 174 ;
Kilimanjaro ; Shira, Vol kens, 1942 !

Imperfectly knovm species.

16. R, dichotoma, K. Schum. in Engl, d; Frantl, Pflanzenfcmi.
iv. ii. 154.

Kower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Moller, 145 !

1 have seen only fragments of this plant, the description of which is quite un-
sufticient. It has opposite leaves with pttiolcs over 1 in. long, and small terminal
panicles witl) linear bi'acts. The minute, crowded buds are coated with a kind of
varnish. It is very doubtful whether this is a Bamcolfia.

17. R. longeacxunmata, De Wild, k Durand in Comptes-rendus
Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 205. Glabrous ; branches terete, lenticellate.
Leaves whorled, petioled, long elliptic-lanceolate, very long acutely acumi-
nate, long cuneate at the base, 3^-4 in. long, 5|-13 lin. broad, drying
blackish ; secondary nerves about 11 on each side: veins inconspicuous.
Flowers in small glabrous umbels, J in. across; peduncle 8-10 lin. long;
pedicels J-| lin, long. Calyx J lin. long; segments triangular, acute.
Corolla-tube Ij-- liii- long; villous at the mouth ; lobes | lin. long.

£ower Guinea. Congo Free State : Cahra.

The author compares this species with R. obscura, which is also very imperfectly
tnown.

Rauwolfia.'] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 117

18. R. obscura, K. Schum. in Engl, d- Prantl, Pjianzenfam. iv. ii.
154. Quite glabrous. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, subacumi-
nate (?), acute at the base, about 4 in. long, 14 in. broad, membranous,
drying blackish above, cotfee-brown below, margins wavy ; secondary
nerves about 12 on each side ; veins quite obscure. Cymes few-fiowered,
crowded on the ends of the rays of an umbel (?) ; flowers very shortly
pedicelled. Calyx slightly over \ lin. long, divided almost to the-l>ase;
segments ovate, subacuminate. Corolla drying black ; tube IJlin. long,
villous at the mouth ; lobes broad-ovate, obtuse, J lin. long. Carpels free
to the base in flower. — Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 307.

Soutli Central. Congo Free State : Mukenge, Poc/ge^ 1080 1 Leopoldville,
in shrubberies, Schlechter, 22534.

Evidently a distinct species. I have seen only small fiMgments of an inflorescence
and a mutilated leaf, and as there is practically no description in Engler & Prantl,
I.e., I have not been able to ascertain its affinity.

13. ALLAMANDA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 01)().

Calyx rather large, eglandular within ; sepals 5, lanceolate, more or
less unequal. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube slender and cylindric to
about the middle, then much widened into a campanulate or funnel-
shaped throat with fimbriate scales or tufts of hairs at its base ; lobes
broad, contorted, overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted at the very
base of the throat, conniving into a cone ; filaments very short, decurrent
into a thin densely hairy ridge which projects much towards the centre
of the tube ; anthers free from the stigma, sagittate4anceolate, acumi-
nate or aristulate ; anther-cells polliniferous and dehiscing all along
except at the hard solid basal points. Disc annular, fleshy, entire or
obscurely lobed. Ovary syncarpous, 1 -celled; style filiform; stigma
capitate, with 5 dense patches of delicate hairs matted together by their
viscous secretion, a deflexed, rigid, 10-toothed frill (always?) and a
2-lobed short apiculus ; placentas 2, parietal ; ovules numerous, 2-5-
seriate. Fruit capsular, ovate or elliptic, flattened, echinate, dehiscing
along the sutures ; valves almost woody. Seeds numerous, imbricate,
broad, flat, margins membranous or winged ; endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons
large, subfoliaceous ; j:adicle short. — Trees or shrubs, frequently climb-
ing. Leaves opposite or whorled, or the upper aliernate; axillary
stipules 0 ; axillary glands subulate, distinct, often very numerous.
Flowers large, showy, in racemiform or panicled cymes.

Species 12, in tropical South America ; one frequently cultivated and occasionally
naturalised in the tropics of the Old World.

1. A. cathartica, Linn. Mant. 214. A scantily branched shrub,
with pubescent or glabrate spreading branches. Leaves obovate-
lanceolate, acutely acuminate, attenuate towards the base, '^-b in. long,
1-1| in. broad, glossy above, glabrous or hairy along the midrib and
sometimes also on the side-nerves below ; secondary nerves about 1 5 on
each side, very slender, spreading; petiole 1-3 lin. long. Cymes
racemiform or panicled, glabrous or hispidulous ; bracts deciduous ;

VOL. IV. E

118 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Allamanda.

pedicels stout, li-0 lin. long. Calyx 4-8 lin. long, quite glabrous,
persistent ; sepals lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, acute to subobtuse.
Corolla yellow ; cyiindric part of the tube and throat, each 2-2J in.
long; lobes round, unequal, |— 1 lin. long: throat-scales fimbriate.
Capsule ovoid-elliptic, H in. long, Ij in. broad. Seeds 4-5 lin. long,
broadly winged. — Gsertn. De Fruct. t. 61; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 259;
Bot. Mag. t. :5;38 ; A.DC. Prod. viii. 31<S ; Muell. Arg. in Fl. Brasil. vi. i.
10 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. ii. 128, fig. 49, E-G ;
and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. :^>15; Stapf in De Wild. & Durand,
Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 2, i. fasc. i. 33 ; De
Wild, (fe Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3, fasc.
ii. 145. A. Schottii, Bot. Mag. t. 4351 (not of Pohl). A.Auhletii,'Poh\,
Plant. Brasil. i. 75 ; B6t. Mag. t. 441 1. Orelia grandiflora, Aubl. Guyan.
i. 271, t. lOi;.

Xiomrer CrUinea. Lower Congo : Boma, Deivevre, 417 !

XVfozaxnb. Sist. Zanzibar, SfuMmann, 636.

A native of tropical South America, cultivated and sometimes naturalised in
various parts of the Old World.

14. LOCHNERA, Beichb. Conspectus, 134.

Calyx middle-sized, herbaceous, eglandular within ; sepals 5, subulate,
scarcely imbricate. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube slender, cyiindric,
slightly widened below the constricted, callous, velvety mouth ; lobes
overlapping to the left. Stamens in the widened part of the corolla-
tube ; filaments very short ; anthers free from the stigma ; ovate-
lanceolate, acute, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed at the base ; anther-cells
poUiniferous and dehiscing to the base. Disc replaced by two long
linear glands alternating with the carpels. Carpels '2, free ; style
filiform; stigma slightly below the level of the anthers, depressed-
capitate, viscous with a long hyaline reflexed frill at the base and a
minute obtuse 2-lobed apiculus surrounded by a very short erect mem-
branous rim ; ovules numerous, 2-seriate. Mericarps follicular, cyiindric,
slightly spreading. Seeds numerous, small ; testa rugose ; hilum
lateral ; endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons oblong, flat, shorter than the thick
radicle. — Annual or perennial herbs or small undershrubs. Leaves
opposite ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands numerous in a fringe,
the outer long, filiform, the inner minute. Flowers axillary, solitary or
paired, white or pink. — Vinca, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 703
partly.

Species 3, indigenous in tropical America, Indin, and Madagascar. One species
widely diffused as a weed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of both,
hemispheres.

1. la. rosea, Reichh. I.e. A small undershrub, up to 3 ft. high.
Leaves obovate or oblong, very obtuse (rarely subacute) and apiculate,
acute at the base, lJ-3 in. long, f-l| in. broad, herbaceous, finely
pubescent to subtomentose ; petioles 1-4 lin. long. Pedicels up to 1 lin.

Lochnera.'] lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.f: (staff). lli^

long, pubescent. Corolla white or pink ; tube puberulous, 1 in. long ;
lobes broad, obliquely obovate, apiculate, J in. long. Follicles up to 1 ^ in.
long, spreadingly pubescent, striate. — Schnizl. Iconogr. t. 1:^>2, fi^s. 2-1 (I ;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 145, fig. 57 A-D.,
and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 316 ; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 231, 284 ;
Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo i. 190; De Wild, k Durand,
Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 2, i. fasc. ii. 39, and
Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3, fasc. ii. 151. Vinca,
rosea, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. 944; Gaertn. De Fruct. ii. 1 72, t. 117 ; DC.
Prod. viii. 382 ; Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. vi. i. 69, t. 25 ; Hook.
Niger Flora, 450 ; Grisebach, Fl. Brit. West Ind. 410; Cardoso jun.
in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xiii. 144 ; Hiern in Cat.- Afr. PI. Welw. i. 667.
Caifiaranthus roseus, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 95. — Vinca fol. oblongo-
ovatis, Mill. Ic. t. 186.

Upper Guinea. Cape Verde Islands : Cardoso. Sierra Leone, Turner !
Gold Coast : Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 60 !

iMOwer Guinea. Congo Free State : Banana, Detvevre. 50 1 Buma, Wil-
toerfh, Deivevre / and without precise locality, by roadsides, Dupuis, 3 !

IWozamb. Dlst. Zanzibar, Stuhlmann. Portuguese East Africa : Kerimba
Islands, Peters !

Probably a native of the West Indie-, now widely naturalised in the tropics of
both hemispheres, chiefly near the coasts.

15. PLITMERIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 704.

Calyx small, eglandular within ; sepals 5, almost free, imbricate,
usually broad and obtuse, sometimes unequal or partly or wholly
suppressed. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube cylindric, slender, slightly
widened at the base, without appendages in the mouth ; lobes 5, broad,
oblong, overlapping to the left, straight or more or less twisted.
Stamens in the widened base of the corolla-tube ; anthers free from the
stigma, oblong, apiculate, 2-lobedatthe base; anther-cells polliniferous
and dehiscent to the base. Disc 0. Ovary apocarpous, semi-inferior ;
carpels 2 ; style very short, columnar; stigma just below the anthers,
ellipsoid, copiously viscous in the lower part, somewhat constricted
above, with a thick papillose ring below the 2-fid, stout apiculus ;
ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Mericarps follicular, divaricate, elliptic
to linear in outline, coriaceous. Seeds oblong or lanceolate, flattened,
winged at the apex or all round ; endosperm fleshy, thin ; cotyledons
oblong or ovate-cordate ; radicle short. — Trees or tall shrubs, usually
with stout branches. Leaves alternate ; petiole^ usually long ;
secondary nerves numerous, straight, connected by a more or less
conspicuous marginal nerve ; axillary stipules 0 ; petiole resinous at
tlie base, without external glands. Flowers rather large, white or
pink, frequently with a yellow centre or quite yellow, in contracted or
ultimately elongate cymes arranged in terminal, often umbelliform
corymbs or panicles, and supported by often large, caducous bracts.

Species 30-40, natives of tropical America ; some of them naturalised or com-
naouly cultivated in the tropics of the Old World.

120 Lxxxiv. APOCYXACE^ (stapf). [Plumeria.

1. P. rubra, Linn. Sp. PL 201). A shrub or small tree. Leaves
crowded near the ends of the branches, oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute
at both ends, or the tips subacuminate, 6-12 in. long, 2-4 in. broad,
herbaceous, quite glabrous ; secondary nerves 25— iO on each side,
horizontal in the lower, slightly oblique in the upper part ; petiole
puberulous, 1-2 in. long. Corymbs many-flowered, umbelliform ;
peduncle 2-6 in. long, stout, puberulous ; pedicels up to J in. long.
Oalyx scarcely 1 lin. long. Corolla pink ; tube |-| in. long ; lobes obo-
vate-oblong, 1-1 J in. long. Follicles 8 in. long, \l in. wide. — Bot. Mag.
t. 279 ; Lam. Encycl. ii. :^)()8, t. ]7o, fig. 1 ; DC. IProd. viii. 300 ; Bot.
Reg. t. 780; Reichb. Fl. Exot. t. 175; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw.
i. 667. Plumiera ruhxi, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 136. P. rosea, (error for P. rubra), K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-
Afr. C. 315.

]Lower Guinea* Angola : Loanda, cultivated, Welwitsch, 5985.

X^ozamb' I>ist. Zan/ib.ir, SUihlmann.

Probahly a native of Central America; frequently cultivated in the trop cs.

Imjyerfectly knoion species.

2. P. africana, Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, No. 5. Leaves linear-
lanceolate, t)-10 in. long, 2 in. broad, rather succulent^ acute, slightly
rounded at the base. Flowers yellow.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Adanson.

This Wiis described from specimens raised from seeds brought home by Adanson.
It has not been observed again.

16. ALSTONIA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 705.

Calyx small, eglandular within; sepals 5, almost free or distinctly
united at the base, imbricate, more or less ovate. Corolla salver-
shaped ; tube cylindric, slightly widened below the mouth (or near the
middle in short-flowered species), more or less callous at the mouth ;
lobes rounded to lanceolate, contorted, overlapping either way. Stamens
in the widened part of the corolla- tube, included ; filaments filifoim,
short. Anthers free from the stigma, ovate to ovate-oblong, subacute,
2-lobed at the base ; anther-cells polliniferous and dehiscing to the
base. Disc 0, or obscurely annular, or (Sect. Blaheropus) tubular,
adnate to the base of the ovary and produced into 2 lobes, alternating
with the carpels. Carpels 2, free or coherent in flower, frequently
slightly immersed in the torus ; style filiform, often very short ; stigma
oblong, 2-lobed or 2-lid, with a ring or reflexed frill at the base ;
ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Meri carps 2, follicular, usually long,
cylindiic, slender. Seeds oblong, compressed, attached by the centre,
with long hairs all round the edges, but chiefly at both ends, or
shortly ciliate on the sides, glabrous or pubescent on the faces ; testa
very thin ; endosperm fleshy. Embryo in the longitudinal axis of the
seed ; cotyledons oblong, flat, foliaceous ; radicle about as long as the

Alstonia.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 121

cotyledons or slightly shorter. — Trees, often very tall, or shrubs.
Leaves in whorls of 3-4, or more rarely opposite, frecjuently with
numerous horizontal nerves ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands
usually numerous, often very small, in a fringe or covering the
hollowed base of the petiole, rarely both. Inflorescences terminal,
usually whorled on the top of the branch, rarely with additional ones
from the next leaf-whorl, mostly many-flowered and compound,
umbelliform, corymbose or panicled. Flowers white, whitish or
brownish, middle-sized or small.

Species about 30, natives of India, Malaya, tropical Australia and Polynesia,
1 in tropical Af i ica.

1. A. congensis, Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. viii. 04. A laro:e
tree, with a tall clear trunk, quite glabrous ; branches moderately
stout, brown or blackish when dry. Leaves in whorls of 4-C,
oblanceolate to obovate-cuneate, shortly acuminate or obtuse or
retuse, acute or cuneate at the base, 4-7 in. long, IJ-^J in. broad,
subcoriaceous when mature, dark above, pale and more or less
glaucous beneath ; secondary nerves straight, horizontal, prominent on
both sides, 30-40 on each side ; petiole very short or up to h in. long.
Panicles several from the tops of the branches, compound, loose, many-
flowered, greyish, puberulous ; peduncle up to H in. long; branches
whorled in 2-3 tiers, the lowest IJ in. long, bearing corymbosely
arranged pseudo-umbels of 4-7 flowers; bracts small, crowded a.t the
base of the pseudo-umbels ; pedicels up to 2 J lin. long. Calyx scarcely
1 lin. long, minutely greyish tomentose ; segments broadly-ovate,
subacuminate. Corolla more or less minutely papillose-tomentose
without or glabrescent in the lower part ; tube slender, 4-5} Un.
long, scantily pubescent within ; limb villous at the mouth ; lobes
somewhat obliquely ovate, l-i-2 liu. long. Anthers | lin. long. Ovary
finely greyish-tomentose except at the base ; style (inclusive of the
stigma), 4 lin. long. — Durand Sz Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. li>0.
A. scholaris, Chevalier, Geogr. Bot. Seneg. et Soudan, 207, 224, and
in Rev. Cult. Colon, vii. (1900), 41)2, 493 with fig., not of R. Br.

Upper Guinea. Seiiegambia : rather common from the Gambia to Portuguese
Guinea; in the Sinedone, A'deane, Sedhiou, Yacine and Fogny districts, Chevalier ;
Diebali, Sehire. Gambia : near Bathurst and Balantacounda, ex Chevalier. Lagos :
Ibad in Forest, P^inch, 145 ! Niger Protectorate : Abol., Barler, 490 ! Idda, Barter,
302! Brass, ^arz'er, 64 1 Caraeroons : Bipinde, Zf «t^r, 1622 !

Wile Stand. British East Africa : Niamniam ; by the Diamvonu stream,
Schweinfurth, 3260 !

ILower Guinea. Lower Congo : Smith! Naumann.

All the specimens which 1 have seen (except Punch's) consist of barren branches,
and it is therefore possible that they may belong to more than one species in spite of
their great resemblance in vegetative characters. Moreover, A. congensis was
described from barren specimens, so that even tiie basis of the species is uncertain.
Chevalier describes the flowers as yellowish-brown with a penetrating sweet odour;
they are out in Senegambia in January and February. According to Punch, who
collected early in December, the tree sheds nearly all its leaves before flowering.

122 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE/E (stapf). [^TabemantJie.

17. TABERNANTHE, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 783.

Calyx small, herbaceous, with f) small glands within, alternating
with the sepals ; sepals 5, almost free, imbricate, ovate, acute, rotun-
date, very minutely ciliolate. Corolla small, salver-shaped ; tube sub-
cylindric, or more or less inflated below, thin ; lobes overlapping to the
left, very broad, obtuse, as long as or shorter than the tube, tips not
inflexed in bud. Stamens inserted about the middle of the coroila-
tube ; anthers conniving in a cone, included, subsessile, linear-sagittate,
finely acuminate, wings with thin involute margins ; tails acute, foot of
connective narrow, flat, glabrous, slightly viscous ; filaments very short,
stout, hairy in front ; filamental ridges very slender. Disc 0. Ovary
syncarpous, imperfectly 2 -celled; style filiform; stigma capitate, 5-
grooved, viscous, with a short reflexed membrane at the base and a
slender 2-fid apiculus ; placentas parietal, much projecting, united at
the bottom and the top ; ovules 2-4-seriate, numerous. Fruit baccate,
fleshy, ovoid, acuminate. Seeds few, embedded in a scanty pulp (mem-
branous when dry), ellipsoid, ventrally deeply grooved ; testa very
thick, corky, divided by deep longitudinal and transverse grooves into
seriate tubercles ; endosperm ruminated by the intruding testa, fleshy ;
cotyledons transverse, thin, concavo-convex, about as long as the radicle.
— Shrubs or small trees, dichotomously branched. Leaves opposite, thin,
herbaceous ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands filiform, of ten numerous.
Flowers small, in terminal or pseudo-axillary, usually paired, lax, few-
flowered, corymbose or pseudo-scorpioid inflorescences.
Species about 5, endemic,
, Corolla-tube inflated and ovoid at the base.

Leaves oblor.g-lanceolate, gradually acuminate,

• acute at the base, distinctly petioled . . 1. T. Bocca.

Leaves oblanceolate to subcbovate, minutely

rounded at the base, subsessile or sessile . 2. T. subsessilis.
Corolla-tube suboylindrie, slightly narrowed above
the middle.
Corolla-tube 3^-4 lin. long . . . . S. T. Mannii.

Corolla-tube 2-2h lin. long.

Corolla wliite ; leaves with petioles up to 4 lin.

long, acuAe or acuminate at the base . 4. T. Iboga.

Corolla yellowish ; one leaf of each pair usually
sessile or subsessile and shortly rounded at
the base, the other stiortly petioled and
acute or subacute at the base . . . 5. T. tenuiflora.

1. T. Bocca, Stapf. A glabrous shrub ; branches reddish-brown;
lenticels small, scattered. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, gradually long
acuminate, (acumen subacute, rather broad, up to J in. long), acute or
subacute at the base, 4-5 in. long, 1 J-l| in. broad, herbaceous, thin ;
secondary nerves 9-11 on each side, oblique, curved; veins faint;
petioles up to Ij lin. long. Inflorescences geminate from the branch-
forks, few- to 8-flowered, subcorymbose or subumbelliform, drooping,

Tahernanthe.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 123

lax, obscurely bracteate ; peduncle slender, up to 9 lin. long ; pedicels
slender, up to G lin. long. Calyx deeply o-partite, 1^- lin. lun^ ; sepals
ovate, acute, very minutely ciliolate, the inner with i-2 glands inside
the base. Corolla-tube wide ovoid, much narrowed above the middle, 2 J—

3 lin. long; lobes rotundate-ovate, 2 J lin. long. Stamens inserted at
the middle; anthers IJ lin. long. Style not quite 1 lin. long — T. Iboga,
Oliver in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2337, only the plant figured, not of Baillon ;
Kew Bulletin, 1895, 37, with plate, partly.

Ibower Guinea. Congo : without precise locality, Miiller !

T. JBocca distinctly differs from T. Iboga in the more robust inflorescences,
larger flowers and much inflated base of the corolla-tube. It is called " Bocca " on
the lower Congo.

2. To subsessiliSy Stapf. A shrub or small tree, up to 15 ft.
high, with dichotomous branches ; bark pallid ; lenticels fev-. Leaves
subsessile or sessile, oblanceolate to subobovate, subabruptly acuminate
(acumen acute, sublinear, up to 5 lin. long), narrowed towards the base,
and shortly and abruptly rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, 1-1 1 in,
broad, herbaceous or thinly coriaceous, soft, rather glossy above whgn
alive, dull when dry, paler and slightly glaucous beneath ; secondary
nerves 10-12 on each side, very oblique, gently curved ; transverse
veins more or less at right angles to the secondary nerves ; petiole up
to J lin. long or absent. Inflorescence^ geminate from the branch-
forks, few-flowered, lax, subumbelliform, sometimes drooping, mirwtely
bracteate or ebracteate; peduncle filiform, up to 1 in. long; pedicels up
to 6 lin. long. Calyx yellowish, almost Ij lin. long, deeply 5-partite ;
sepals ovate, acute, minutely ciliolate with 1-2 glands inside the
base. Corolla sulphur-yellow ; tube ovoid at the base, narrowed from
the middle upwards, 2 J lin. long ; lobes obliquely rounded, as long as
the tube. Stamens inserted at the middle; anthers 1 lin. long. Style
scarcely 1 Im. long. Fruit of the shape and colour of a lemon, distinctly
apiculate, 1 in. long. — T. Ihoga, Oliver in Hook. Ic. PI. sub t. 2337
partly, and in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 37 partly ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI.
Welw. i. 667, not of Baillon.

Ziower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo ; in the thickets of Barrancos da
Pedra Songue, Welwitsch, 5950 ! forests in the Presidium, Welwitsch, fruit, 728 !

This comes very near to T. Bocca, and differs mainly in the shape of the leaves,
which are often strictly sessile.

3, T. Mannii, Stapf. A small, glabrous shrub ; branches very
islender, greenish- brown, with scattered wart-like lenticels.. Leaves
oblong, long acuminate (acumen subobtuse, sublinear up to 9 lin. long),
acute at the base, 3-5J in. long, IJ-lf in. broad, herbaceous, thin ;
secondary nerves much spreading, curved, 10-11 on each side, very
slender; transverse veins subhorizontal, faint; petiole {,-1 lin. long or
hardly any. Inflorescences geminate from the branch-forks, few-
flowered, umbelliform or subcorymbose, lax, shorter than the leaves,
ebracteate ; peduncles finely filiform, IJ in. long; pedicels very slender,

4 lin. long. Calyx 5-partite almost to the base, 1 lin. long ; sepals

124: Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). \ Tahemantke.

ovate, acute, very minutely ciliolate, with 1-2 glands inside the base.
Corolla-tube subcylindric, narrowed from the middle upwards, 3^-4 lin.
long ; lobes rotundate-obovate, 2-2| lin. long. Stamens inserted ^t the
middle. Anthers IJ lin. long. Style H lin. long. — T. Iboga, Oliver
in Hook. Ic. PI. sub t. 2337 partly, not of Baillon.

Iso-wer Guinea, tiaboon River, Mann, 943 !

Tliis toines near to T. Iboga, from which it differs somewhat in the shape and
venation of the leaves and tbe larger flowers.

4. T. Zboga, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 783, not of Oliver.
A small glabrous shrub, up to 5 ft. high ; stems from a large branched
root ; branches slender, terete, pale or dark brown, with scattered
wart-like lenticels. Leaves elliptic- or ovate- or obovate-lanceolate,
acuminate at the tip, acuminate or acute at the base, 3-5 in. long,
1-lf in. broad, herbaceous ; secondary nerves oblique, gently curved,
slender, 9-11 ; transverse veins more or less distinct, and almost at
right angles to the secondary nerves ; petiole very slender, 1-1 J lin. long
Inflorescence subcorymbose or umbelliform, lax, few- to 12-flowered,
shorter than the leaves, more or less drooping, minutely bracteate ;
peduncle filiform, J-lJ in. long; pedicels up to 4 lin. long. Calyx
deeply 5-partite, J-f lin. long ; sepals rotundate-ovate, acute, very
minutely ciliolate, the inner with 1-2 glands inside the base, persistent
and reflexed in fruit. Corolla white, spotted *vith pink; tube sub-
cylindric, slightly narrowed from the middle upwards, 2 J lin. long;
lobes obliquely rotundate, not quite 1 J lin. long. Stamens inserted at
the middle of the tube; anthers over 1 lin. long. Style almost 1 lin.
long. Fruit ellipsoid, sometimes crowned by the persistent style-base,
9-12 lin. long; pericarp smooth, thin, crustaceous when dry. Seeds
globose-ellipsoid, 3 lin. long ; testa corky, coarsely lamellate-rugose. —
T. alhiflora, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 305, in De Wild. & Durand,
Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 2, i. fasc. 1, 38, and
in De Wild. & Durand, 111. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, ser. 1, i. fasc. 4,
t. 41, and Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3, fasc. 2, 151.

]jO\irer Guinea. Gaboon: Libreville, Klaine, 428! and without precise
locality, Klaine, 911 ! Cape Lopez, Griffon du Ballory, 327.

Soutb Central. Congo Frfee State : Coquilhatville, JDetr^ure, 684 !

Klaine's 911, was distributed by Pierre as T. Ihoga, and said to be the " Iboga"
of the Gaboon people. It is the same as Klaine, 428. M. Hua of Paris, having been
good enough to compare these specimens with Baillon's type, confirms Pierre's deter-
mination. This excludes Miiller's plant (figured as T. Iboga in Hooker's Ic. PL t.
2337) from this species. When I described T. albijlora, I liad not seen Klaine's
specimen, and mistook Miiller's plant for the true T. Iboga. Although I have not
Dewevre's plant before me, from which I described T. albijlora, 1 have little doubt
that it is identical with the true T. Iboga. 1 only add that Devvevre describes the
corolla-lobes as white with pink spots, Baillon merely as white. This is evidently
;ilso the plant mentioned by Dybowsky and Landrin in their paper on Iboga and
ibogaine in Comptes-rendus Acad. Sc. cxxxiii 748.

5. T. tenuiflora, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 305. Branches
brown, with few minute lenticels. Leaves broad-oblanceolate, acumi-

Tabernantke.] Lxxxiv. apocynace.« (staff). 125

Date, one of each pair usually sessile or subsessile and more or less
roanded at the base, the other shortly petioled and acute or subiicute at
the base, those of each pair equal, or one of them much smaller, the
larger leaves 4-G in. long, 1 J-2 in. long ; secondary nerves 8-10 ; veins
inconspicuous. Inflorescences subcorymbose, few- flowered, minutely
bracteate, much shorter than the leaves, on very slender peduncles up
to 1 in. long; pedicels up. to 3 lin. long. Calyx deeply 5-partite,
J lin. long ; segments rotundate, sparingly and minutely ciliolate, the
iuner with 1 or 2 minute glands inside the base. Corolla yellowish,
with red spots in the centre; tube cylindric from an ovoid base, 2 lin.
long ; lobes broad, obovate, shorter than the tube. Stamens inserted
at the middle ; anthers over 1 lin. long, reaching to the mouth. —
Stapf in De Wild. <fe Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo,
Bot. ser. 2, i, fasc. 1. o8, and fasc. 2, 40.

]Lower Guinea. Lower Congo : Lemba, Cahra ; Dewevre, 361 !

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Stanleyville, Demeiise !

Imjjerfectly known species.

(). Iboga vateriana, J. Br. d- K. Schum. in Danckelmann, 2fitth.
Deutsch. Schutzgeh. ii. 172. A glabrous shrub or small tree, with slender
dichotomous branches. Leaves oblong, acuminate, mucronulate, acute
at the base, 3^-6 in. long, yf-l J in. broad, membranous ; secondary
nerves 6-8 on each side. Inflorescences geminate, terminal, shortly
racemiform, few-flowered, |-1J in long; bracteate. Calyx ^ lin. long;
eglandular. Corolla-tube 2 lin. long ; lobes 1 lin. long. Anthers 1 J
lin. long. Style 1\ lin. long. Fruit oblong with an incurved tip, 3|
in. long, 7 lin. in diam.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : littoral forests near Batanga, Braun.

This is, no doubt, a species of Tabernanthe, as K. Schumann himself has jjointed
out (Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 146), and may be identical with one of
the species described above.

18. PTEROTABERNA, Stapf.

Calyx small, subherbaceous ; sepals 5, ovate, with several small,
flat glands inside the base. Corolla small, salver-shaped ; tube cylindric,
slightly widened in the upper third, thin, naked at the mouth ; lobes
overlapping to the left, inflexed in bud, oblique. Stamens in the widened
part of the corolla-tube, erect; filaments very short, distinct, scarcely
decurrent ; anthers linear-oblong, acute, minutely and acutely 2-lobed
at the base ; anther-cells polliniferous and dehiscent to the base of the
apiculate lobes. Disc 0. Ovary apocarpous ; carpels 2, slightly coherent,
lanceolate-ovoid ; style filiform ; stigma capitate, placed about the middle
of the corolla-tube and distant from the anthers, not apiculate, slightly
viscous ; ovules about 20 in each cell, approximately 4-seriate. jSIericarps
in pairs, or solitary by abortion, subbaccate, ovoid, rather flat on the face,
with 3 narrow wings (2 lateral, 1 dorsal) ; pericarp thin, subcrustaccous;

126 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEj: (staff). [Pterotaherna.

seeds about 5, ellipsoid, deeply grooved on the ventral face, embedded in
a scanty fleshy pulp (forming a thin skin when dry) ; testa crustaceous
with faint longitudinal ridges, intruding into the albumen between the
ridges ; endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons foliaceous, broad, cordate-ovate ;
radicle small. — A shrub with slender branches. Leaves opposite, mem-
branous ; axillary stipules short, but distinct, with very minute glands
in their axils. Inflorescences usually geminate at the tips of the
branches, few-flowered, cymose, lax.

Species 1, endemic. Vei'y similar to some Indian species hitherto referred to
Taherncemontana, e.g., T. peduncularis or T. malaccana, but differing in the stigma,
which is remote from the anthers, capitate and exapiculate, and in the winged,
apparently indehiscent fruits. It is distinguished from Taberncemontana proper
in the structure of the anthers, the stigma and the fruit. Tahernanthe, which is
very similar in habit, differs not only in the structure of the stamens and the stigma,
but also in having syncarpous ovaries and fruits.

1. P. inconspicua, Stapf, A perfectly glabrous shrub, 10 ft. high ;
branches greyish or brown when dry. Leaves obovate-oblong to oblong,
abruptly acuminate (acumen narrow, linear, up to 1 lin. long), acute to
cuneate at the base, very variable in size, 2^—6 in. long, \\-2^ in. broad,
thin, dark-green above, paler beneath ; secondary nerves slender, 8-10
on each side, oblique, curved ; veins quite obscure ; petiole slender, up
to 8 lin. long. Inflorescences 1-1 J in. long ; peduncle up to J in. long ;
bracts linear-lanceolate, inconspicuous ; pedicels up to 2^ lin. long.
Calyx slightly over 1 lin. long, persistent; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute.
Corolla-tube 3-4 lin. long, delicately papillose below the stamens, other-
wise quite glabrous ; lobes obovate, 2^ lin. long. Anthers 1 J lin. long.
Mericarps orange-coloured, about 1 in. long, over ^ in. broad ; wings
about 1 lin. broad, fused towards the tip into a very broad obtuse short
beak. Seeds up to 4 lin. long. — TaherncemoJitana iiiconsjncuay Stapf in
Kew Bulletin, 1894, 120. T. trialata, Pierre MS.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 1059 !

Xio-wer Guinea. Gaboon: Corisco Bay; Mount John, on the Kongui River,
Mann, 1803 ! near Libreville, Klatne, 526 !

19. ER VAT AMI A, Stapf.

Calyx small, subherbaceous to subcoriaceous ; sepals 5, free or
united at the base, imbricate, broad or narrow, acute or obtuse, each
with several glands inside the base. Corolla small or middle-sized,
salver-shaped ; tube cylindric, slightly widened towards the naked
mouth, rarely near or below the middle, not fleshy ; lobes overlapping
to the left, very rarely to the right, scarcely asymmetric, tips inflexed
in bud. Stamens erect, inserted in the widened part of the corolla-
tube, included ; filaments short, but distinct, more or- less decurrent as
slightly prominent ridges in the tube ; anthers linear, acute, 2-lobed at
the base, poliiniferous and dehiscing right into the usually small basal
lobes. Disc 0. Ovary apocarpous ; carpels 2, sometimes slightly
coherent ; style long, rarely comparatively short, filiform, very slender ;

JSrvatamia.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 127

stigma at the level of the anthers, clavate or oblong-ellipsoid, with a
slender papillose bifid apiculus ; ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Meri-
carps geminate, follicular, more or less coriaceous when mature,
obliquely ovoid to lanceolate, usually curved and beaked, rarely more
elongate, often at length quite flattened out, rounded on the
back, usually 1-3-keeled on each side. Seeds few to many, enveloped
by an orange-coloured aril, more or less irregularly ellipsoid, deeply
grooved ventrally; testa orustaceous, finely sulcate, protruding into
the copious endosperm. — Shrubs, rarely small trees, usually quite
glabrous. Leaves opposite, herbaceous to coriaceous ; axillary stipules
distinct, though sometimes small, obtuse ; axillary glands small, often
numerous. Flowers small to middle-sized, sometimes showy, in terminal
or pseudo-axillary usually paired many-flowered more or less dichoto-
mous corymbose or umbelliform inflorescences or in few-flowered cymes.
— Tabei'ncemontana, sect. Ervatamia, A. DC. Prod. viii. ;373.

Species about 30 in tropical Asia, Australia and Polynesia, 1 in Madagascar.
One species frequently cultivated in the tropics and sometimes naturalised.

1. C coronaria, Stapf. A glabrous, much branched shrub;
branches slender ; bark very pale, verrucose with large corky warts.
Leaves lanceolate to oblong, long-acuminate, acute or acuminate at the
base, 3-5 in. long, f-l^ in. broad, papery, deep green ; secondary nerves
7-9 on each side, slender, curved ; petiole 2 J-5 lin. long, slender ;
axillary stipules small. Flowers in 2-10-flowered cymes, rarely solitary,
showy, fragrant at night, inodorous by day; pedicels slender, 2-1 U lin.
long. Calyx 1-1 J lin. long; sepals ovate, obtuse (rarely acute). Corolla-
tube yellowish or greenish, 8-1 1 lin. long ; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse,
about as long as the tube, snow-white except at the yellow base.
Anthers Ij lin. long. Stigma clavate-oblong ; pistil J or J as long as
the corolla-tube. Follicles oblong with a recurved beak, more or less
stipitate, finally opened out flat, up to 2 in. long, with 1-3 obtuse keels
on each side. — Taberncemontana coi'ouaria, WiWd. Enum. Hort. Berol.
275; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 72; A.DC. Prod. viii. 373; Wight, Ic.
PI. t. 477 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 406 ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1064 ; Hook,
f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii. 646 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv.
ii. 148. T. divaricata, R. Br. ex Blume, Bijdr. 1027, not of others.
^. coronarium, J a.cq. Coll. i. 138, and Ic. t. 52; Bot. Mag. t. 1865.
Jasminum zeylanicum, J. Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 121), t. 50.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Regent, Scott- Elliot, 3973 !

Indigenous in India; widely cultivated and occasionally naturalised elsewhere.
There is a long- and a short-styled form in India, the pistil measuring 5-6.] lin. and
2i-3i lin. respectively. The first has the anthers in the middle of trie con)lla-ttibe,
the other at | from the base. Both occur in cultivation in a double-flowered fonn.
The wild simple short-styled form seems, however, to be confined to tlie northern
parts of India. Nerium dioaricatum, Linn. Sp. PI. i. 201), based on Hernumn's
Apocynum zeylanicum (Parad. Batav. 40) and supjHwed to be identical with Nerium
coronarium, Jacq. (R. Brjwn in Mein. Werner. Soc. i. 72) is Wrightia zeylanica,
R. Br.

128 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Calocrcder,

20. CALOCRATER, K. Schum. iu Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 175, fig. 58, S-T.

Calyx rather small, herbaceous; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
imbriri,te, with minute glands at the base. Corolla funnel-shaped-
campnulate; tube cyUndric and slender at the base, then widened,
without appendages in the throat ; lobes short, very broad and oblique,
overlapping to the left not inflexed in bud. Stamens inserted at the
constriction of the corolla-tube ; anthers conniving in a cone, subsessile,
free from the stigma, oblong, acute, shortly 2-lobed at the base ; lobes-
subobtuse, empty at the base ; filaments reduced to a callous glabrous
swelling. Disc annular, fleshy, adnate to the ovary. Carpels 2, free
except at the very base ; style filiform ; stigma cylindric, slightly
grooved, viscous, minutely apiculate, without an appendage or rim at
the base, reaching to the base of the anthers; ovules numerous, pluri-
seriate. Fruit unknown. — An undershrnb, producing erect, sub-
herbaceous shoots from a creeping rhizome. Leaves opposite, subsessile,
papery; axillary stipules distinct, obtuse, joining around the stem,
secreting some resin, without external glands (?). Flowers large, in
sessile bi-acteate few-tlowered axillary (pseudo-axillary ?) clusters.

Species 1, endemic.

1. C. Preussii, A". Schum. inEngl. (L-Pra7itl,Pjianzenfain. iv. ii. 175,
fiy, 58, S-T. An undershrub, producing erect shoots, ultimately woody
at the base and 2-3 ft. high, from a creeping rhizome, glabrous in all parts ;
stems terete with prominent lines on the sides alternating with the leaves.
Leaves subsessile, oblong to lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, acute or sub-
acuminate at the base, 4-7 in. long, 1J-2J in. broad, pale green, herba-
ceous; secondary nerves 8-12 on each side, oblique ; veins obscure. Flowers
in few-flowered dense sessile axillary (pseudo-axillary ?) clusters ; bracts
ovate, acute to caudate, up to 2 lin. long, herbaceous. Sepals ovate to
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3 lin. long, herbaceous, with several
minute basal glands within. Corolla white; tube over 2 in. long,
slender, cylindric up to 8 lin. above the base then funnel-shaped-
campanulate, about | in. wide at the mouth, quite glabrous except for
a minute tuft of hairs below each anther ; lobes somewhat asymmetric,
about 7 lin. long, 8-9 lin. broad. Stamens inserted 7 lin. above the
base, 2J lin. long. Style 4 J lin. long, filiform ; stigma cylindric, 2 lin.
long, minutely apiculate.

Tipper Guinea. Cameroons : Kombu Niugu, Preiiss, 74 !

21. CRIOCERAS, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1897, 1311.

Calyx middle-sized, herbaceous ; sepals 5, free, unequal, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, each with several batal glands within. Corolla-
tube slender and cylindric to above the middle, then funnel-shaped-
campanulate or campanulate, without appendages ; lobes broad, ovate-
oblong, overlapping to the left, not inflexed in bud. Stamens inserted

Crioceras.] lxxxit. apocynace.e (staff). 129

at the constriction of the tube ; anthers conniving in a cone, subsessile,
free from the stigma, linear-lanceolate, acute, subsagittate ; tails sub
obtuse, empty, solid ; foot of the connective very short, glabrous, flat ;
filaments reduced to a callous glabrous swelling ; filamental ridges
Slender, glabrous, slightly prominent. Disc annular, fleshy, adnate to
the ovary. Carpels 2, connate at the base ; style filiform ; stigma at
the level of the anthers, oblong, 5-grooved, minutely apiculate, without
an appendage or rim at the base, very viscous ; ovules numerous,
pluriseriate. Mericarps 2, follicular, connate below or almost free, divari-
cate, globose or lanceolate-oblong, with 2 lateral keels or wings, thin
leathery whe<i dry, tardily dehiscent. Seeds ellipsoid, ventrally deeply
grooved, coated with a thin aril ; testa crustaceous ; endosperm horny,
deeply ruminated ; cotyledons transverse, flat, thin, much shorter than
the radicle. — Erect, glabrous shrubs or climbers. Leaves sessile or sub-
sessile, papery; axillary stipules distinct, obtuse, joining around the
stem ; glands inconspicuous. Inflorescences pseudo-axillary, long-
peduncled, of 2-1 large white fragrant flowers, more or less nodding,
supported by hirge foliaceous bracts, forming an involucre.
Species 2, endemic.

Leaves elliptic or obovate-obloug, subobtuse or
acuminate, 5-6 in. by 2^-3.] in.; corolla-tube
3h in. long . . . . . . . 1. C, dipladeniijlora.

Leaves pancluriform or obovate- to elliptic-lanceolate,
caudate-acuminate, 4-12 in. by 2--5 in. ; corglla-
tube 4-5 in. long . . . . . . 2. C. longijlora.

1. C. dipladeniiflora, K. Schum. in Enyl. d- Prantl, Pfianz&nfam.
Ergdnz. Heft i. 56. A climbing or arborescent shrub, up to 10 ft. high ;
branches slender, terete, pallid. Leaves sessile or subsessile, elliptic or
obovate-oblong, acutely or obtusely acuminate or subobtuse, 5-() in.
long, 2J-3^ in. broad ; secondary nerves G-7 on each side; veins rather
distinct. Peduncles 1-8 in. long; involucral bracts oblong, obtuse, ;> in.
long, over 1 in. broad ; pedicels very short or up to 6 lin. long. Sepals
ovate-lanceolate, 4 lin. long. Corolla-tube ?)h in. long, slender and
cylindric to about 2 in. above the base, then campanulate ; lobes ovate-
oblong, subcordate at the base, 1 J in. long, up to 1 in. broad. Anthers
4 lin. long. Carpels connate at the base ; style 1 J in. long. Follicles
(semi-mature) spreading at right angles, obliquely lanceolate-oblong,
with 2 narrow lateral wings, Ij in. long. — Tabsrnamontcnia dipla-
deniiflora, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 121.

Kower Guinea. Gaboon: Munda; Sibangc Farm, iS'o^aj^x, 315 ! 392!

2. C. longiflora, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1807, 1812. A
shrub, up to 9 ft. high ; branches more or less compressed when young,
pale green. Leaves sessile, panduriform or obovate or elliptic-lanceolate
and long cuneate towards the usually very narrow and often cordate ba.<c,
abruptly and long acuminate (acumen up to J in. long, acute), from 1-
12 in. long, 2-5 in. broad; secondary nerves G-8 on each side ; trans-
verse veins rather distinct. Peduncles l-2i in. long; involucral bracts
ovate, long acuminate, 3-5 in. long, up to more than 2 in. broad ;

130 Lxxxiv. ArocYNACE.E (stapf) [Criocei^as.

pedicels up to 2h Hn. long. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-5 lin.
long. Corolla-tube 4-5 in. long, very slender and cylindric for about

3 in. from the base, then elongate-campanulate ; lobes ovate-oblong,
Ijin. long. Anthers 5 lin. long. Carpels connate to the middle;
style over 3 in. long. Follicles connate almost to the middle, then
divaricate, subglobose, abruptly acuminate and cuspidate, almost 1 in.
lonjr, with two lateral keels or narrow wings, leathery when dry. Seeds

4 lin. long.

X.ower auinea. Gahoon, Klaine, 5951 857! 1437!

22. CALIilCHILIA, Stapf.

Calyx small to middle-sized (up to G lin. long), herbaceous to sub-
coriaceous ; sepals 5, free, ovate or oblong, rarely lanceolate, often
unequal, each with several small glands inside the base. Corolla salver-
shaped ; tube slender and cylindric from the base to or somewhat beyond
the middle, then more or less widened and cylindric or narrowly funnel-
shaped ; lobes broad, large, asymmetric, overlapping to the left, not in-
flexed in bud. Stamens inserted at the constriction of the corolla-tube ;
anthers conniving in a cone, free from the stigma, lanceolate-oblong,
acute, 2-lobed to subsagittate at the base ; lobes or tails obtuse or sub-
obtuse, horny, solid ; filaments short, distinct, filiform, rarely reduced to a
large disc-like body. Disc annular, free, fleshy, more or less wavy or lobed.
Carpels 2, free. Style filiform ; stigma shortly subulate or cylindric, 2-fid,
papillose, with a large wavy and lobed fleshy viscous ring at the base or
clavate with a grooved thickening at the base ; ovules numerous, pluri-
seriate. Mericarps 2, free, baccate, divaricate, obliquely ovoid, rostrate,
tardily dehiscent (?) ; pericarp thin, leathery when dry. Seeds ellipsoid,
deeply grooved, coated with a thin aril ; testa crustaceous, honeycombed,
with the pits in longitudinal rows ; endosperm almost horny, scarcely
ruminate ; cotyledons flat, much shorter than the radicle. — Erect or
climbing, glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite, papery or herbaceous;
axillary stipules short, joining across the stem ; axillary glands minute.
Inflorescences usually apparently inter-axillary, near to or somewhat
remote from the tips of the branches, or sometimes obviously terminal,
few- to 10-flowered, racemiform or umbelliform ; rhachis very short,
finally covered below with the persistent bracts and large scars of the
fallen flowers. Flowers showy, white, fragrant. — Taberncemontana,
Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 706 partly.

Species 5, "mostly closely allied, endemic.

C. Barteri and C. suhsessilis are extremely similar in external appearance ; the
shape of the filament is, however, entirely diffei-ent, and the stigma of C. Barteri is,
so far as I have been able to make out its shape (it is buried in a drop of an extremely
sticky matter), more like that of a Conopharyngia.

^Labanthera. — Filament short, filiform, not thickened at the top, inserted at
the forking point of the anther-tails. Stigma shortly subulate or cylindric, 2-fid,
papillose, with a wavy and lobed fleshy viscous ring at the base.

Corolla-tube up to more than 2 in. long, staminiferous

above the middle 1. C. monopodialis.

CaUlchilia.] Lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 131

Corolla-tube 1-1^ in. long, staminiferous at or l)elovv
the middle.
Corolla-tube very gradually imrrowed below tlie
stamens, subcylindric to fumiel-sliaped above.
Corolla-tube very slightly widened or almost cylin-
dric throughout; lobes longer tlian the tube,
rather narrowed towards the base ; leaves
obtuse to subacute at the base . . . 2. C. Mannii.

Corolla-tube funnel-shaped from the stamens up-
wards ; lobes as long as the tube (or almost
so), very broad ; leaves rounded or sub-
cordate at the base . . . . . 3. C. incequalcs.
Coi'olla-tube more or less abruptly constricted below
the stamens, subcylindrical above, usually
gradually and slightly contracted betweeii the
mouth and the stamens . . . . . 4. C. sub.^essili.s.

'""*^Hedeanthera. — Filament reduced to a large broad-
elliptic fleshy disc, adpressed to the back of the
antlier. Stigma clavate, with a 5-grooved
thickening at the base 5. C. Barteri.

1. C. monopodialis, Stapf. A glabrous, erect or decumbent
shrub, 3-7 ft. high ; branches slender, terete, greenish. Leaves petioled,
oblong to oblanceoiate, acuminate (acumen short or up to J in. long,
acute), acute or cuneate at the base, 6-11 in. long, 1J-3J in. broad,
herbaceous; secondary nerves 7-10 on each side, oblique; petiole 3-7
lin. long. Inflorescences shortly peduncied, pseudo-interaxillary, very
dense ; rhachis at first very short, then lengthening and covered below
with the persistent bracts and large scars of the fallen flowei-s ; peduncle
up to 5 lin. long ; braets ovate, acute or acuminate, up to 3 lin. long ;
pedicels up to 2 lin. long, bracteolate. Sepals oblong to lanceolate,
unequal, acuminate or acute, 3-6 lin. long. Corolla snow-white ; tube
up to more than 2 in. long, very slender in the losver two-thirds, then
suddenly widened, but still cylindric for 4-6 lin., then shortly funnel-
shaped, with hairy lines within below the stamens ; lobes very broad,
obliquely obovate and acuminate, 1 in. long and almost as broad.
Stamens inserted 1 J in. from the base ; anthers 2 J lin. long. Style
1 J in. long. — Taherncemontana monopodialis, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xxiii. 225.

upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, in shady forests, Zenker ^- Staudi,
76 ! 629 ! Bipinde, Zenker, 481 ! 1292 ! Barombi, Freuss, 310 ! Johann Albrecht-
shohe, Staudt, 832 !

2. C. Mannii, Stapf. A scandent shrub, up to 20 ft. high ;
branches slender, terete, greenish. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong to
elliptic or oblanceoiate, abruptly and acutely acuminate, obtuse or sub-
acute at the base, 4-8 in. long, lJ-3 in. broad, papery ; secondary
nerves 7-8 on each side, oblique, curved ; veins loosely reticulating,
usually slightly raised below; petiole up to 3 lin. long, sometmies very
short. Inflorescences few- to 10-flowered, with usually only 1 tiuwer
out at a time, racemiform, on very slender pseiulo-tixillary or obviously

182 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [CaUichiUa.

terminal; peduncles 1J-4J in. long, sometimes paired on a common
peduncle ; rhachis at first very short, then lengthening, ultimately up
to 1-J in. long, bearing the persistent, somewhat distant bracts and
scars of the fallen flowers, bracts ovate, acute, up to IJ lin. long;
pedicels slender, up to G lin. long. Sepals unequal, oblong, obtuse, 4-5
lin. long. Corolla-tube slightly over 1 in. long, cylindric up to 6-7 lin.
from the base, then subcylindric or very slightly and gradually widened
towards the mouth, here 2-3 lin. in diam. ; lobes obliquely obovate and
acuminate, cuneate below, up to Ij in. long, almost 1 in. broad.
Stamens inserted 7-8 lin. from the base ; anthers 2 lin. long. Style
6-7 lin. long ; stigma shortly cylindric, bifid, with a wavy, lobed ring
at the base.

Upper Guinea. Camcroons: Ambas Bay, Mann, 2152!

Very similar to C. ina;qualis, from which it differs only in the more attenuate or
even acute (never cordate) leaf-bases, in the larger calyx and- the corolla-lobes,
being comparatively longer and more narrowed towards the base.

3. C. inaequalis, Stapf. A glabrous, scandent shrub ; branches
slender, greenish, terete. Leaves subsessile, oblong-elliptic to obovate-
oblong or oblong, abruptly and acutely acuminate, rounded or sub-
cordate at the base, 5-8 in. long, 1J-3J in, broad, papery ; midrib
slender ; secondary nerves 7-9 on each side ; veins distinct or obscure,
forming a loose network ; petiole hardly any or pp to 2 lin. long,
stout. Inflorescences 2-7-flowered (often with only 1 flower out at a
time), racemiform on very slender pseudo-axillary peduncles 2-5
in. long ; rhachis at first very short, then lengthening to ^ in. long,
covered with the persistent bracts and scars of the fallen flowers;
bracts very broad, ovate, J-J lin. long, margins scarious ; pedicels
slender, up to 6 lin. long, bracteolate at the very base. Sepals
unequal, ovate, obtuse, 1|-2J lin. long. Corolla-tube 1-1^ in. long^
cylindric to 7-8 lin. above the base, then gradually widened towards
the mouth ; lobes very broad, obliquely obovate and acuminate, 1 in.
long and almost as broad. Stamens inserted 6-7 lin. above the base ;
anthers 2 to scarcely 2 J lin. long ; style about 6-7 lin. long ; stigma
subulate, papillose, bitid, with a lobed wavy ring at the base. —
Tahei^xoemontana incequalis^ Pierre MS.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Efulen, Bates, 407 !

Xiower Guinea. Gaboon : Mfoa, 85 miles east of Gaboon, Bates, 515 ! Como-
River, 75 miles east of Gaboon, Bates, 471 ! and without precise locality, Klaine,
1040 !

4. C. subsessilisy Stapf. A climbing or erect shrub, or small
tree, quite glabrous ; branches slender, terete or quadrangular when
quite young, pale green, ultimately whitish. Leaves oblong to lanceo-
late, acuminate (acumen slender and acute), narrowed towards and
generally suddenly contracted at the base, 3-7 in. long, 1-2 J in. broad,
membranous or papery ; secondary nerves about 8 on each side ; petiole
very short or 0. Inflorescences few-flowered or reduced to 1 flower ;
peduncle rather slender, 1 J-4 in. long; bracts ovate-acute, 1-2 lin. long ;
pedicels 2-6 lin. long. Calyx 3-5 lin. long ; sepals oblong, obtuse or

Callichilia.] Lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 133

acute. Corolla white ; tube slender, constricted below the middle, 1 in.
long; lobes obliquely obovate, slightly longer than the tube. Stamens
inserted 6 lin, above the base ; anthers 2 lin. long. Disc annular,
lobed. Style 7 lin. long ; stigma short, subulate, bifid, with a wavy
lobed ring at the base. Berries obliquely ovoid, rostrate, 1-1] in. long,
tardily dehiscent (?). Seeds embedded in a pulp, ellipsoid, 2-3 lin. long,
honeycombed. — Taberncemontana subsessilis, Benth. in Hook. Niger
Fl. 448.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Ksthrem, Scoti-El/iot, 5590 I near Madina*
Scott-Elliott, 5565 ! Liberia, Vogel, 4 ! 5 ! Gold Coast : East Akiin, Johyison, 762 !
766 ! Assin-Yan-Kumassi, Cummins, 48 ! 235 ! Cameroons : Ambas Bay, Mann, 2152 !

5. C. Barter!, Stapf. A glabrous, erect shrub, 6-8 ft. high ;
branches slender, terete, very pallid. Leaves elliptic or oblong to
lanceolate, acuminate or acute at both ends, rarely obtuse, 3-8 in. long,
1-3 in. broad, herbaceous to papery; secondary nerves G-8 on each
side; petiole 2-6 lin. long. Inflorescences few- to 10-flowered, umbelli-
form (at least when young); peduncle from a few lines to 1 in. long;
bracts ovate-oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, 1-3 lin. long ; pedicels
1-4 lin. long, slender. Calyx 3-6 lin. long ; sepals broad-oblong,
obtuse or acute. Corolla white, very fragrant ; tube cylindric, slendei-,
constricted below the middle, 1|— 1|^ in. long, rarely shorter; lobes
obliquely obovate, very broad, slightly shorter than the tube. Stamens
inserted 5-6 lin. above the base ; anthers 2 J lin. long. Disc small, cup-
shaped, lobed. Style 4 lin. long; stigma clavate, with a 5-grooved
thickening at the base. Berries divaricate, obliquely ellipsoid with a
recurved beak, 1-1 J in. long, tardily dehiscent (?). Seeds semi-ellipsoid,
3 lin. long; testa deeply honeycombed, brown. — Taberncemontana
Barterl, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 585'J ; K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 148, and in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-
Exped. 306.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Burton ! Lagos : interior, Rowland ! Eppah
(Epe), Millen, 170 ! Barter, 3284 ! common on open plains. Barter, 3357 ! Abeo-
kuta, Irving, 132! Ikirun and Essa Egure, Millson ! Ikoradu, SMechter, 12301.
Ibadan Forest Reserve, Punch, 48 ! Southern Nigeria: Brass, Barter, 86 ! Onitsa,
Barter, 1653! Obeyon, on the Etoi River, Stevenson, 246! Old Calabar, Mann,
2271 ! Thomson, 80 ! Cross River, Johnston ! Northern,Nigeria, Kentish- Rankin /

I referred (in De Wild & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. 89 ; cf. also De Wild. &
Burand, Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, ser. 3, fasc. ii. 153) to " Tabernce-
montana Barteri " an imperfect specimen, collected on the Congo between Lukolela
and Ngomba by Dewevre (793), which was not accessible when I revised Tabgrtus-
montana, but 1 have little doubt that the determination was erroneous so far as the
species is concerned.

23. CARVALHOA, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 189 ; Nachtr. 284.

Calyx small, herbaceous, eglandular (?) within ; sepals 5, nearly
free, imbricate, ovate, acuminate, ciliolate. Corolla subcampanulate-
f unnel-shaped ; tube subcylindric at the base, widened from below the

134 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Cavvalhoa.

midd\^, without appendages in the throat, hairy within near the
base of the anthers ; lobes broad, obtuse, overlapping to the left, not
indexed in bud. Stamens inserted at the constriction of the corolla-
tube ; anthers conniving in a cone, subsessile, free from the stigma ,
included, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sagittate; tails long, acute,
more or less curved ; back of the connective minutely tomentose, foot
developed, narrow, jflat, glabrous ; filaments reduced to a callous swell-
ing; filamental ridges short, slender, hairy. Disc annular, fleshy,
undulate, adnate tQ the ovary. Carpels 2, free, except at the very
base, gradually passing into the filiform style ; stigma capitate, 5-
grooved, very viscous, minutely apiculate, with an undulate ring at the
base ; ovules about 4 -seriate, 30 or more in each cell. Mericarps (not
quite mature) baccate (or subfollicular ?), obliquely erect, lanceolate,
much narrowed at both ends, upper end incurved. Seeds about 8-10,
ellipsoid, covered with a thin aril. — Shrubs dichotomously branched.
Leaves opposite, herbaceous, thin ; petioles hollowed out at the base
and joined into a rim around the stem, with numerous filiform glands
within. Flowers scarcely middle-sized, in few-flowered, very lax
panicles from the upper branch-forks.

Species 2 or 3 in tropical and South Africa.

Leaves obtusely subauriculate at the base, sessile,

pubescent . . . . . . . 1. C campanulata.

Leaves acute at the base, shortly petioled, glabrous . 2. C. macrophylla.

1. C. cazapauulata, K. Schum. in Engl, d- Frantl, PJlanzenfam.
iv. ii. 189. A shrub ; young branches puberulous. Leaves sessile,
oblong to obovate-oblong, acute, narrower at the base, with almost
parallel sides ; shortly and obtusely auriculate, 2-3 J in. long, up to 1 J
in. broad, herbaceous, pubescent on both sides ; secondary nerves 8-9
on each side, slender, curved. Panicles few-flowered, lax, pubescent ;
peduncle very slender, about 1 in. long ; bracts small, linear ; pedicels
up to 1 in. long. Calyx 1^ lin. long, finely puberulous ; sepals ovate,
acute to acuminate. Corolla subcampanulate-f unnel-shaped ; tube 3 J lin.
long, constricted below the middle ; lobes rotundate-elliptic, 2 lin. long.
Anthers IJ lin. long. Pistil 2 lin. long.

IVKozamb. Slst. Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique ; Mosoril, near
Cabeceira, Carvalho !

2. C. macrophylla, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxx. 381. A
perfectly glabrous shrub, 9-12 ft. high; branches erect, straight,
slender and compressed when young, green in the upper part, yellowish -
grey below. Leaves elliptic or oblong, shortly and very acutely acumi-
nate, acute at the base, 3J-9 in. long, 1^-3} in. broad, membranous ;
secondary nerves 10-16 on each side, somewhat prominent below ;
petiole up to 2 J lin. long. Panicles 4-12-flowered, axillary, long-
peduncled ; pedicels 2^-3 J lin. long ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate.
Calyx 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate, acute, minutely ciliolate. Corolla sub-
campanulate-f unnel-shaped, 6 J lin. long, pale yellow with red stripes in

Oarvalhoa.] lxxxiv. apocynace^. (staff). 135

the puberulous throat ; lobes rounded, l|-2 lin. long. Anthers inserted
If lin. above the base of the corolla, 1 j lin. long. Pistil 2 lin. long.

nSozaxnba X>lst. German East Africa : Kondeland ; in woodeil gorges of the
Gurumbi Mountains, near Uporoto, 5600 ft., Goetze, 1143.

There is a specimen in the herbarium of the l^ritish Museum, collected by
Whyte near Zombu, Nyasaland, which agrees so closely with Schumann's descriptiiu
of C. macrophylla that I suspect it is the same species. The fruits attached to it,
which are not perfectly mature, have been used for the completion of the description
of the genus, the fruit of which was not previously known.

24. SCHIZOZYGIA, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 752.

Calyx small ; sepals 5, almost free, herbaceous, ovate, not ciliate,
glandular inside the base. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube short, elongate-
ovoid ; lobes very asymmetric, overlapping to the right, inflexed in bud.
Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers conniving
in a cone, sessile, lanceolate-sagittate, acute ; wings horny with acute
margins ; tails acute ; foot of the connective flat, glabrous, viscous. Ovary
apocarpous except at the base, surrounded by a fleshy disc adnate to f of
its height ; style fihform ; stigma capitate, 5-grooved, very viscous, witli
an undulate ring at the base and a minute 2-lobed apiculus ; ovules 2-
seriate, about 9 in each cell. Mericarps 2, follicular, short, asymme-
tric, the apical often obscure mucro becoming by unequal growth
nearly basal; transverse veins prominent, numerous, arched. Seeds
few, ovoid, embedded in a yellow pulp ; testa crustaceous, finely
granular, longitudinally striate ; endosperm slightly ruminate, fleshy ;
cotyledons thin, concavo-convex. — A dichotomously branched shrub.
Leaves opposite, subsessile, herbaceous ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary
glands few to many, short, filiform, often besides a long filiform gland
from the transverse rim between the petioles. Racemes or spikes short,
dense, persistently bracteate, few-flowered, springing from the branch-
forks ; flowers small.

Species 1, endemic.

1. S. coffaeoides, Baill. I.e. A shrub 6 ft. high, quite glabrous ;
branches terete, the older ones yellowish-brown ; lenticels scattered.
Leaves elliptic or obovate, shortly acuminate, gradually narrowed into
the base, then suddenly contracted, 4-5 in. long, 2-2J in. broad,
membranous, reddish or yellowish-brown when dry ; secondary nerves
about 8 on each side, distant ; veins obscure ; petiole very short J- 1
lin. long. Inflorescences J in. long; bracts ovate, 1 lin. long. Calyx
2 lin. long. Corolla-tube 2 lin. long, hairy within above the stamens ;
lobes rather shorter than the tube, broad. Anthers 1 lin. long.
Follicles 6-7 lin. long, up to 5 hn. broad, red. Seeds 2i-8 lin. long.—
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 147, fig. 55, J ; 0.
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. iii.. 198.

Mozamh. Dist. Zanzibar, Hildebrandf, 1152! Kirk! Kuntze. German
East Africa : Khutu ; Kissaki Steppe, 650 ft., Goetze, 132 !

13<3 Lxxxiv. APOCYXACE.E (stapf). [Gabu7iia.

25. GABUNIA, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 224.

Calyx small to middle-sized, herbaceous, usually eglandular within ;
sepals T), free or nearly so, imbricate, oblong to rotandate, obtuse,
ciliolate. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube cylindric, slender, more or less
widened at the base, often twisted below, with patches of hairs between
the filamental ridges, otherwise glabrous or hairy above the stamens ;
lobes long, very narrow, oblique, wavy, infiexed and deeply descending
into the corolla-tube in bud, overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted
near the base ; anthers conniving in a cone, subsessile, free from the
stigma, lanceolate-subulate, sagittate ; wings narrow, stout, with
rounded edges ; tails rather short, acute ; foot of the connective flat,
glabrous ; filaments reduced to a callous swelling ; filamental ridges
short, broad, convex. Disc 0. Carpels 2, free. Style filiform, wider
above, J-H lin. long; stigma conic- cylindric, 5-grooved, very viscous,
with a slightly lobed projecting rim at the base and a short subulate
apiculus ; ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Mericarps 2, baccate (?) or
subfollicular, divaricate, obliquely ovoid with two lateral ridges or
wings joining at the apex into a short fiattened obtuse beak ; pericarp
sometimes rather fieshy at first, at length dry, coriaceous, tardily
dehiscent. Seeds ellipsoid, embedded in a scanty pulp or coated with
a thin aril (?) ; testa crustaceous, finely granular, longitudinally
sulcate ; endosperm almost horny, ruminate ; cotyledons flat, shorter
than the radicle. — Climbing glabrous shrubs ; stems smooth, fistular.
Leaves opposite, papery or chartaceous; nerves usually faint; axillary
stipules distinct, very obtuse, joining across the stem into a short
tubular sheath, secreting resin when young, without (?) external
glands. Flowers rather showy, white, fragrant, in usually paired
terminal or pseudolateral few- to more than 10-flowered persistently
bracteate racemiform, corymbose or umbelliform inflorescences.
Species 7, endemic.

It was not possible to ascertain from the dried fruits, which I saw, whether the
seeds were embedded in a common pulp or each coated with a separate aril. The
former seemed to be the case in tlie more baccate fruits of G. eglandulosa, tlie
latter in tbose of O. crispifiora.

Corolla-tube 6 lin. long • . . . . . . 1. (x. jpsorocarjpa

Corolla -tube over 1 in. long.

Calyx about 1 lin. long, eglandular ; corolla-tube
glabrous within ; stigma almost sessile ; leaves
abruptly acuminate.
Leaves 2-4^ in. long, 1-2 in. broad; petiole 1^-2

lin. long . . . . . . . 2. G^. hrachypoda.

Leaves 5-6 in. long, 2-3 in. broad ; petiole 4r-6 lin.

long Z. G. latifolia.

Calyx 1^ lin. lonar or longer, glandular or eglandular;
coroU-a-tube hairy within ; style ^-1^ lin. long;
leaves more or le^s gradually acuminate.
Calyx 1^-2 lin. long.

Corolla-tube very slender, 15-2^ in. long; lobes

linear, very narrow; petioles 5-10 lin. long 4. G. longiflora.

'Gabu7iia.] lxxxiv. apocynace^e (staff). 137

Corolla-tube less slender, 1^-2 ^ in. long; lohes
lanceolate; pedoles 2-6 lin. long.
Calyx glandular witliin . . . . 5. G. glandulosa.

Calyx egliindular . . . . 6. (r. eglandulosa.

Calyx 3^-44 I'm. long.

Sepnls broad, obtuse, straight ; corolla-tube loosely

hairy in the upper jKirt . . . . Q. G. eglandulosa, var.

Sepals oblonsr, slightly constricted above the base,
recurved; corolla-tube villous within from the
anthers upwards . . . . . . 7. G. crispijlora.

1. G. psorocarpa, Pierre MS. A climbing shrub, perfectly
glabrous ; branches slender, fistular. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, long attenuate at the base, 4-G in. long, 1-1 J in.
broad, chartaceous, olive-green when dry; secondary nerves 8-10 on
each side, faint, oblique, curved ; petiole slender, 3-4 lin. long. Inflor-
escences few- to many-flowered, corymbiform ; peduncle slender, \-^ in.
long; pedicels slender, up to 5 lin. long. Calyx almost H lin. long;
sepals ovate, obtuse, ciliolate, eglandular. Corolla white ; tube cylindric,
gradually widened at the base, not twisted, 6 lin. long, villous within
from the base of the anthers upwards ; lobes linear, acuminate, as long
as the tube, very wavy. Anthers 2^ lin. long. Style very short.
Fruit slightly winged (Pierre).

Zio-vtrer Guinea. Gaboon, Klaine, 725 !

2. G. brachypoda, Stapf. A climbing shrub, up to 6 ft. high,
quite glabrous ; branches fistular, dark brownish-green. Leaves oblong,
abruptly acuminate (acumen linear, very slender, acute, up to 4 lin.
long), rounded or subacute at the base, 2-4J in. long, 1-2 in. broad,
.chartaceous, dark brownish-green above, pale brown below when dry ;
secondary nerves 7-8 on each side, spreading almost at right angles,
curved; petiole lJ-2 lin. long. Inflorescences umbelliform, about 10-
flowered, on a very short stout peduncle ; pedicels slender, up to 4 lin.
long. Calyx scarcely 1 lin. long; sepals suborbicular, eglandular,
ciliolate. Corolla white; tube slender, l\ in. long, slightly widened
and twisted at the base, glabrous within above the stamens ; lobes
linear, long^ tapering, f in. long, wavy Anthers 2 lin. long. Stigma
almost sessile. — Taherncemontana brachypoda^ K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xxiii. 223 partly.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Lolodorf, in forest, Sfaudt, 18 !

K. Schumann also quotes (I.e.) a specimen collected on the Sibrtnge farm, in
Munda, Gaboon, by Soyaux (239), under his Taherncemontana brachypoda. The
Kew specimen, so numbered, ha^ lanceolate to lanceolate -oblong, gradually acumin »te
leaves, which dry green above and pale yellowish -green below and liave longer
petioles. I have no doubt that it U specifically distinct from G. hracht/poda ,- but ag
there is only one flower-bud with the specimen at Kew, I must i-onfine myself tj
drawing attention to this plant.

3. G. latifolia, Stapf. A climbing shrub, 6-8 ft. high, quite
glabrous ; branches fistular, rather slender, pale green. Leaves elliptic
to elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminate (acumen very slender, sublinear,

138 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Gabunio.

4-5 lin. long), acute at the base, 5-6 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, papery,
dull olive-green when dry, paler beneath ; secondary nerves 7-8 on each
side, faint; petiole not flexuose, 4-6 lin. long. Inflorescences umbelli-
form, 6-7-flowered ; peduncle slender, 1 in. long ; pedicels up to 3 lin.
long. Calyx 1-1| lin. long ; segments elliptic-oblong, broad, obtuse,
ciliolate, eglandular. Corolla -tube very slender, widened close to the
base and twisted to or beyond the middle, Ij-lf in. long, glabrous
within above the stamens ; lobes linear, long tapering, about 1 in. long,
very wavy. Anthers 2 lin. long. Style under ^ lin. long. — Tabernw-
montana eglandulosa, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 24 partly.

Ko^trer Guinea. Gaboon : Corisco Bay ; Mount John, on the Rivei* Kongui,
Mann, 1794!

4. G. longiflora, Stapf. A climbing shrub, 10 ft. high, quite
glabrous; branches fistular, olive-green. Leaves oblong to lanceolate,
long acuminate (acumen fine, obtuse), acute at the base, 4-6 in. long,
1J-2J in. broad, cbartaceous, dark above, olive-green below when dry;
secondary' nerves 6-7 on each side, very fine ; petiole up to 10 lin. long.
Inflorescences corymbiform or after the falling of the lower flowers
umbelliform, rather dense, peduncle under 1 in. long; pedicels up to
3 lin. long. Calyx 2 lin. long ; sepals broad, ovate-oblong, very obtuse,
ciliolate, eglandular. Corolla white ; tube very slender, almost filiform,
1J-2J in. long, widened at the base and twisted all along, loosely hairy
in the upper part, glabrous below down to the filaments ; lobes linear,
long tapering, up to 2 in. long, very wavy. Anthers 2J lin. long.
Style 1 lin. long.

Upper Guliaea. Fernando Po, Mann, 239 !

5. G. glandulosa, Stapf. A climbing shrub, quite glabrous;
branches rather slender, fistular, olive-green. Leaves oblong, long and
acutely acuminate, acute or sometimes obtuse at the base, 4-5J in. long,
1J-2J in. broad, chartaceous, olive-green when dry; secondary nerves
about 7 on each side, strongly curved, slender ; petiole 2J-4 lin. long,
rather slender. Inflorescences corymbiform, dense, about 10-flowered ;
peduncle very short ; pedicels up to 3 lin. long. Calyx 1 J-2 lin. long ;
sepals ovate to elliptic-oblong, obtuse or subobtuse, somewhat pruinose
with a few small glands inside the base. Corolla-tube 1 J-^J in. long,
widened and twisted at the base, scantily hairy within above the anthers ;
lobes very oblique, lanceolate, long tapering, over 1 in. long. Anthers
almost 3 lin. long. Style | lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, near Regent, Scott-Elliot, 5821 !

To this species belong probably also specimens oollected on the Aburi Hills by
Johnson (477 !), and nenr Kwahu, Johnson (669 !), Gold Coast Colony. Both have
intracjilycular glands, and tlie first agrees with the Sierra Leone specimens in all
respects except the much reduced intlorescence, slightly smaller calyx-segments and
thinner dark green leaves ; the other has, however, comparatively bro.Ul leaves with
short subobtuse tips, petioles up to 7^ lin. long and still smaller calyx-^egments.

6. G. eglandulosa, Stapf A climbing shrub, perfectly glabrous ;
young branches terete, compressible, sometimes fistular, olive-green.

Gabunia.] Lxxxiv. apocynace^: (staff). 13^

Leaves oblong, abruptly acuminate, narrowed to the base, 4-G (rarely
to 8) in. long, 1 J-3J in. broad, papery, dull ; secondary nerves 5-7 on
each side, strongly curved ; petiole 3—5 lin. long. Inflorescences corym-
bose or umbelliform, 7-10-fiowered, rather dense; peduncle up to If
in. -long; pedicels 2-4 lin. long. Calyx l|-2 lin. long; sepals broad,
oblong, very obtuse, ciliolate, eglandular. Corolla white, very fra-
grant ; tube slender, slightly dilated near the base, more or less
twisted below, l|-lf in. long, hairy within in the upper part; lobes
very oblique, lanceolate, long tapering to an acute point, over 1 in.
long. Anthers 2J-2| lin. long. Style 1 lin. long. Mericarps rather
baccate, ovoid, orange-coloured, 1 j-2 in. long with 2 lateral keels. —
Taherno'inontana eglandulosa, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 24 partly.

Upper Guinea. Lagos: Eppab, ^o-r^er, 3306 ! Yornba ; \k\T\\w, Mill son, \2\

Var. ^ macrocali/x, Stapf. Calyx 3^-4 lir. long.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Mann, 2253 !

I have regarded Mmiu's specimen as a variety of G. eglandulosa, on the assump-
tion that the size of the calyx of this species varies in a similar way to that of
Callichilia Barteri. I cannot discover any other difference.

7. G. crispiflora, Stapf. A tall climber, perfectly glabrous;
branches terete, slender, scarcely fistular, olive-green. Leaves oblong,
abruptly acuminate (acumen linear, obtuse, 3-5 lin. long), acute at the
base, 3^-5 in. long, 1 J-2J in. broad, papery, glaucous above, pale olive-
green beneath when dry ; secondary nerves very faint, 7-9 on each
side ; petiole not flexuous, J-lJ in. long. Inflorescences few-flowered,
very shortly racemose or subumbellate ; peduncle 3-4 lin. long ;
pedicels 4-5 lin. long. Calyx 4-4J lin. long ; sepals oblong, slightly
constricted above the base, obtuse or subacuminate, recurved, ciliolate,
eglandular. Corolla-tube lj-l| in. long, quite straight, slightly
widened towards both ends, hairy within from the base of the stamens
upwards; lobes obliquely lanceolate, long tapering, very wavy. Anthers
almost 4 lin. long. Style 1 J lin. long. Mericarps obliquely ovoid with
a short broad flattened beak and 2 lateral keels, over I in. long ; peri-
carp thin, coriaceous. Seeds 3-4 lin. long. — Taberna'montana crispi-
flora, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflauzenfam. iv. ii. 148. T.
eglandulosa, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 24 partly.

Kower Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 183 !

26. CONOPHARYNGIA, D. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 94.

Calyx small (at least comparatively), subcoriaceous ; sepals united
at the base only, imbricate, obtuse, each with several minute glands
inside the base. Corolla salver-shaped, small to large, often very fleshy ;
tube cylindric, spindle- or barrel -shaped, widest at or below the middle,
sometimes twisted, naked at the mouth, usually more or less tomentose
inside; lobes*overlapping to the left, inflexed and descending into the
corolla- tube in bud. Stamens in the widened part of the corolla-tube ;
anthers conniving in a cone, subsessile, included, rarely shortly exgerted
in species with a short corolla-tube, lanceolate, acute, sagittate ; tails

]40

Lxxxiv. APOCYXACE.E (stapf). [Conopharyngia.

solid, barren ; filaments reduced to a callous swelling ; filamental ridge
usually distinct. Disc 0. Carpels 2, free ; style filiform to columnar,
short (at least comparatively) ; stigma cylindric, grooved, with an entire
or lobed projecting rim or short frill at the base and a minute 2-lobed
apiculus, more rarely (Sect. Leptojyharyngia) elliptic or globose,
delicately papillose, not grooved, with a usually toothed rim at the
base and a conspicuous 2-fid papillose apiculus as long as or longer than
the rest of the stigma. Mericarps baccate, usually more or less globose
or ovoid, smooth, rarely keeled or warty and tardily dehiscent when
drying up. Seeds numerous, embedded in a usually fleshy pulp, more
or less ellipsoid, deeply grooved yentrally ; testa crustaceous ; endosperm
fleshy, ruminate ; cotyledons ovate, longer or shorter than the radicle.
— Trees, often tall, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, more or less coriaceous,
sometimes very large ; axillary stipules distinct, very obtuse, united into
a very short tubular sheath, usually with very numerous resiniferous
glands within. Inflorescences terminal or pseudo-axillary, corymbose,
rarely panicled or reduced to few-flowered cymes. Flowers large and
showy to middle-sized, rarely small, usually white and fragrant. —
Tahermemontana, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 700 partly.

Species about 25, mostly in tropical Africa, a few in the Mascarene Islmids, 2 in
Eastern South Africa.

*Sae.cophakyngia. — Corolla-tube ^-3i in. long, flesliy. Stigma more or less cylin-
dric, grooved, with a projecting entire or lobed rim at the base and a minute apiculus.
Corolla-tube lf-3.^ in. long.

Corolla-tube 2|-3i in. long, with the anthers inserted
14-15 lin. above the base; leaves oblong-elliptic to
oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, l'i-2h in. broad . 1. C. longiflora.
Corolla-tube under 2\ in. long, with the anthers in-
serted 7-3 lin. above the base ; leaves larger
than in C longijlora.
Calyx 3i-4^ lin. long; corolla-tube 2-2:|- in. long,
widest 6-7 lin. above the base ; anthers 6-8 lin.
long.
Calyx 4-4f lin. long ; corolla -tube very stout,
much twisted ; anthers 7-8 lin. long; style
7 lin. long ......

Calyx 3^-4 lin. long ; corolla-tube more slender
than in the preceding species, slightly
twisted near the base, otherwise straight ;
anthers 6 lin. long ; style 5-6 lin. long
Calyx 3-1^, lin. long; corolla-tube 2^-lA in. long,
widest 4^3 lin. above the base ; anthers
4—5 lin. long.
Calyx 3-2 lin. long.

Corolla-tube 2-2 i in. long ; anthers 5 lin. long ;
leaves 8-12 in. long, 4i-8 in. broad ;
secondary nerves 11-12 on each side
Corolla J;ube 1^ lin. long; anthers 4 lin. long;
leaves smaller or at least narrower than
in C. Thonneri ; secondary nerves 9
(sometimes up to 11) . . . . 5. C. rhirissima.

Calyx 1^ lin. long 6. C. jollyaua.

2. C contorta.

3. C. Smithii,

4. C. Thonneri.

f>nopharyngia.^ Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (staff).

141

Corolla-tube 9-14 lin. long.

Corolla-tube very fleshy, usually much widened at the
middle.
Cal)'x Ij-lf liu. long; corolla-tube 1 in. long-,
glabrous within above tlie anthers ;
secondary nerves 6-8 on eacli side . . 7. C. crassa.

Calyx 2-5 liii. long ; corolla-tube pubescent to
tomentose within above the anthers ; secondary
nerves 9-18 on each side.
Calyx 2-2^ lin. long ; corolla-tube 9-10 lin. long,
pubescent within above the anthers, and
with gold-brown velvety lines below . . 8. C Cumminsii.

Calyx 3-5 lin. long; corollu-tube 12-14 lin. long,
with different indumentum inside from that
of C. Cumminsii.
Corolla-tube very stout, pubescent, densely
tomentose or villous within all over,
except a portion near the base.
Calyx 3-4 lin, long; leaves 10-15 in. long,
4-10 in. broad ; secondary nerves 12-
15 on each side.
Leaves 12-15 in. long, 8-10 in. broad . 9. C. pachysiphon.
Leaves about 7-10 in. long, 3-4 in.
broad.
Calyx 3-3^ lin. long; corolla-tube
widest at the middle, anthers in-
serted 6 lin. above its base . . 10. C. Hoist ii.
Calyx 4 lin. long ; corolla-tube widest
below the middle, anthers inserted
4k lin, above its base .
Calyx 5 lin. long; leaves 5-7 in. long,
2-3 in. broad ; secondary nerves 9-13
on each side .....
Corolla-tube more slender than in the 5 pre-
ceding species, villous within near the
mouth, otherwise glabrous
Corolla-tube very slender, cylindric, 9-10 lin. long .
Corolla-tube 5-6 lin. long.

Inflorescences more or less corymbose on slout
peduncles from the tops of the branches, rarely
overtopped by young shoots.
Leaves elliptic to elLptic-oblong, 7-16 in. long,
3-9 in. broad; secondary nerves 8-12 on each
side ; calyx 3 lin. long .....
Leaves oblong to linear-oblong, 5-8 in. long,
1^-2^ in. broad; secondary nerves 12-16 on
each side ; calyx 2-2^ lin. long . . .16.

Inflorescences usually pseudo- axillary, subsessile . 17.

11.

c.

angolensis.

12.

a

stapfiana.

13.

c.

Juhnstonii.

14,

c.

stenosiphan.

15. C. brachyantl.a.

C. usambarenais.
C. pendnlijlora.

**Leptophaetngia. — Corolla-tube \-l in. long, com-
paratively thin. Stigma ellipsoid or globose,
minutely papillose, not grooved, with a usually
tootlied rim at the base and a conspicuous papillose
2-fid apiculus as long as or longer than the rest of
the stigma . . .

18. C. elegant.

142 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE/E (stapf). [Conophavyngia.

1. C. longiflora, iS'to^. A tree ; branches stout, terete, bark very
pallid. Leaves oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate to sub-
acuminate, acute at the base, 4-G in. long, 1|-2J in. broAd, subcoriaceous;
secondary nerves 7-H on each side ; petiole ;^-6 lin. long. Inflorescences
4-2-flowered or reduced to a solitary flower, generally from the branch-
forks or pseudo-axillary; peduncle stout, 1-1 J in. long; bracts ovate,
small, more or less caducous; pedicels stout, 6-8 lin. long. Calyx
4-5 lin. long ; sepals broad-ovate, very obtuse, ciliolate, with numerous
basal glands within. Corolla white or cream-coloured, fragrant ; tube
cylindric, widened below the middle, sometimes slightly t\^4sted,
2 j-3J in. long, densely pubescent within, with the exception of 5 glabrous
lines below the stamens ; lobes obliquely oblong, obtuse, 2-2J in. long,
minutely puberulous on both sides near the base. Stamens inserted
l_ll in. above the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers long-sagittate,
7 lin. long. Style over 1 in. long ; stigma cylindric with a basal ring.
Berries globose, smooth, of the size of an orange. Seeds 4 lin. long. —
Taberncemontana longijlora, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 447 ; Bot. Mag.
t. 4484 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 147,
fig. 55, D ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 669.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 726 ! Futa Jallon : Tumbo Island
in the Dubreca River, Churich ! Laya, on the River Scarcies, Scott-JElliot,
4756 ! Sierra Leone : Waterloo, Kiric, 23 ! Freetown, Welioitsch, 5987 ! fruit,
718 ! Sugarloaf Mountain, Barter ! Regent, Scott-JElliot, 4001 ! Ninia, Talla
Hills, Scott-MUot, 4909 ! and without precise locality, Afzelius ! Vogel, 151 !
Whitfield !

Some ripe fruits collected by Barter have mericarps measuring in the dry state
not more than 1 in. in diameter. They are evidently much shrunk. The pericarp
is leathery, and the well developed seeds are about 4 lin, long.

2. C contorta, Stapf. A tree, 30-40 ft. high ; branches stout,
terete, greenish. Leaves elliptic or subobovate, obtuse or subacuminate,
rounded or shortly contracted at the base, 7-13 in. long, 4-7 in. broad,
subcoriaceous; secondary nerves 9-15 on each side, like the midrib
much raised below ; petiole stout, 4-6 lin. long. Inflorescences sub-
corymbose ; peduncle very stout, 4 in. long ; bracts ovate, caducous ;
pedicels stout, up to 9 lin. long. Calyx 4-4 J lin. long ; sepals roundish-
oblong, with numerous small basal glands within. Corolla white,
sweet-scented ; tube stout, much twisted, subcylindric, slightly widened
near the base, 2-2J in. long, scantily pubescent within above the
stamens, densely pubescent below towards the base and between the
filamental ridges; lobes obovate-oblong, about as long as the tube.
Stamens inserted 6-7 lin. above the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers
long-sagittate, 7-8 lin. long. Style up to 7 lin. long. — Taherncemontana
contorta, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 23.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Ambas Bay, Mann, 703 ! Victoria, Kalbreyer !
Beistel, 132 ! 151 ! Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker Sf Staudt, 203 partly ! Johann
Albrecbtshohe, Staudt, 796 !

3. C. Smithii, Stapf. Small tree ; branches stout. Leaves
elliptic or oblong, very obtuse, subacute at the base, 7-12 in. long,

Conophcbryngia.^ lxxxiv. apocynace.e (staff). 143

^3-8 in. broad, coriaceous, punctate below; secondary nerves 11-14 on
each side; veins inconspicuous; petiole stout, 8-9 lin. long. Inflorescences
corymbose ; peduncle stout, 6 in. long ; bracts small, ovate, deciduous ;
pedicels up to 1) lin. long. Calyx 8-4 lin. long; sepals broad-elliptic,
very obtuse, ciliolate, with numerous minute basal glands within.
Corolla white ; tube slender, slightly over 2 in. long, somewhat twisted
below, otherwise straight, widened near thfe base (4 lin. in diam.) ;
lobes oblong, obtuse, 1 in. long, 4 lin. broad, margins wavy. Stamens
inserted 7 lin. above the base ; anthers sagittate, subulate-acuminate,
6 lin. long. Style 5-6 lin. long. Berries globose. — Tahenicemoiitana
Smithii, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 305, and in De Wild. & Durand,
Contrib. Fl. Coogo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 2, i. fasc. i. 39 ;
De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dawevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 3,
fasc. ii. 153.

XiOwer Guinea. Lower Conjjo : LeDpoldville, Laurent ! and without precise
locality. Smith ! North Angola : Chinganga (Kinganga), Dewcvre, 261 !

Soutli Central. Congo Free 8tate : basin of tlie Sankuru, Laurent !
Stanleyville, Dewevre, 1167a !

De Wildeman & Dur.md quote, in Reliquia? Dewevriauae, Dewevre as snying
under 271 that this is sometimes a very higli climber, whilst tlie Stanleyville plant
is described as arborescent. The nu nber which I notid from D^wevre's specimen
from Chinganga was 261, not 271 as stated byDe Wilde.na.i and Durand.

4. C. Thonneri, Stapf. A perfectly glabrous shrub, up to 15 ft.
high, with stout branches. Leaves elliptic to obovate-oblong, very
obtuse, apiculate, subacute or rounded at the base, 8-12 in. long,
4J-8 in. broad, subcoriaceous, pale and punctate beneath ; secondary
nerves 11-12 on each side, usually straight up to J of their length ;
veins inconspicuous; petiole stout, f-lj in. long. Inflorescences sub-
corymbose, many-flowered, from the branch-forks; peduncle stout,
3-4J in. long ; bracts small, ovate, deciduous ; pedicels up to (3 lin.
long. Calyx 2|-3 lin. long; sepals elliptic, obtuse, ciliolate, with
numerous basal glands within. Corolla white, fragrant; tube rather
slender, cylindric, 2-2J in. long, widened (to 3 lin.) and twisted near
the base, tomentose within above and below the anthers ; lobes oblong,
obtuse, 1-lJ in. long, margins wavy. Stamens inserted 4 lin. above
the base ; anthers almost 5 lin. long, sagittate, subulate-acuminate.
Style 3~3J lin. long. — Taherncemontana Thonneri, De Wild. & Durand
ex Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 306 ; Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann.
Mus. Congo, Bot. ser. 2. i. fasc. i. 39; De Wild. & Durand, PI.
Thonner. Congol. 32, t. vii.

Soutli Central. Congo Free State : Bogolo near Businga, on the River
Mougala^ Thonner J

De Wildeman and Durand also suifgest (Contrib. Fl. Congo, I.e.) that a plant
collected near Dembo by Giilet may belong to tliis species. It. however, is said to
have somewhat longer, more slender corollas and a slightly sliorter calyx.

5. C. durissima, Stapf. A tree, 30-70 ft. high : branches stout,
terete, olive-green, when dry. Leaves obovate-oblong, very obtuse.

144 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Conopharyngia,

apiculate or abruptly acuminate, acute to cuneate at the base, 6-11 in..
long, 3-5 in. broad, subcoriaceous ; secondary nerves about 8-12 on
each side ; petiole stout, up to 9 lin. long, or sometimes very short.
Inflorescences terminal, corymbose; peduncle stout, 4-6 in. long;
bracts very small, deciduous, or suppressed ; pedicels stout, up to 6 lin.
long. Calyx 2-3 lin. long ; segments very broad, ovate, obtuse, with
numerous small basal glands within. Corolla white ; tube rather
slender, straight or slightly twisted, widened near the base. If in. long^
glabrous within above the anthers, and densely pubescent between the
filamental ridges; lobes oblong-lanceolate, 2 in. long. Stamens inserted
3-4 lin. above the base ; anthers doubly sagittate (each tail divided
into a short inner and a longer outer point), 4 lin. long. Style 2-3 lin.
long. Berries globose, obovoid, up to 2^ in. long when dry, smooth ;
pericarp coriaceous ; seeds about 5 lin. long. — Taherncemoyitana duris-
siTna, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 24 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 148. T. durinervis (by error), Durand & Schinz,
Etudes F\. Congo, i. 190.

upper Guinea. Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 1265 ! 1636 ! Yaunde,
Zenker Sf Staudt, 203 partly !

Xiower Guinea. Gaboon : Libreville, Klaine, 181 ! 440! Jolly, 71 ! Munda;
Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 172 !

Two specimens collected by Thomson (73 !) and Holland (4 !) in Old Calabar,
both with very young tiowers, probably also belong here. This tree yields very hard
timber according to Soyaux.

6. C. j oily ana, Stapf. A middle-sized tree, quite glabrous ;
branches stout. Leaves obovate to oblong, shortly apiculate, acute to-
subcuneate at the base, G-10 in. long, 3-4J in. broad, subcoriaceous,
dull green when dry ; secondary nerves 7-9 on each side, oblique,
straight or slightly curved ; petiole 4-8 lin. long. Inflorescences few-
flowered, rather contracted ; peduncle t<tout, 2-2^ in. long ; bracts
caducous ; pedicels 3-5 lin. long. Calyx 1 J lin. long ; sepals broad-
ovate to suborbicular, ciliolate, with numerous small basal glands within.
Corolla white ; tube 1 J-lf lin. long, twisted below, widest 4-5 lin.
above the base, then slender, cylindric, glabrous within except for
5 tomentose lines below the anthers. Stamens inserted about 4 lin.
above the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers sagittate, 5 lin. long,
acumiBate-subulate. Carpels oblong-lanceolate ; style 3-3 J lin. long ;
stigma cylindric, grooved, with a thin basal ring. Berries globose, up
to almost 4 in. in diam., orange-coloured, smooth ; rind up to 1 in. thick.
Seeds very numerous, about 5 lin. long. — Taherncemontana jollyana,
Pierre MS.

Upper Guinea. Ivory Coast : Dabou, Jolly ^ 168 ! Gold Coast, Cameron /
Very similar to C. crassa, from which it differs in the narrow er, more obovate or
obovate-oblong leaves and the elongate, comparatively slender corolla-tube.

7. C. crassa, Stapf. A small tree or shrub ; branches terete,
very stout. Leaves elliptic or oblong, very shortly acuminate or apicu-
late, acute or rounded at the base, 6-7 (rarely to 9) in. long, 3-4J in.

Conopharyngia.^ lxxxiv. apocynace.*: (staff). 145

broad, subcoriaceous ; secondary nerves abont (1-8 on each side ; petiole
very stout, 3-6 lin. long. Inflorescences corymbose, rather contracted,
12-15-flowered ; peduncle stout, 2-4 in. long; pedicels 2-8 lin. long.
Calyx 1:^-1 J lin. long ; sepals broad-ovate, obtuse, not ciliolate. Corolla
white ; tube about 1 in. long, wide in the lower part, contracted just
above the middle, then rather slender, glabrous within above the anthers,
with tomentose lines near the base. Stamens inserted about 5 lin.
above the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers 5 lin. long. Style 2 lin.
long ; stigma long c^^lindric, grooved, with a wavy membranous ring at
the base. Berries subglobose. Seeds numerous, embedded in a pulp. —
Taherncemontana crassa, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 447 ; K. Schum. in
Engl. & Prantl, Ptlanzenfam. iv. ii. 148.

TTpper Guinea. Liberia : Grand Bassa, Vogel, 21 ! DinMage, 1434 !

There is little doubt that (as Bentbam, I.e., has . already suggested) the plant
mentioned in Vogel's Journal (in Hook. London Jouru. Bot. v. 634) as "a goiius
apparently new and near TaherncemQntana, remarkable for its double fruit, as large
as a child's head, the seeds iipstling in the almost woody pulp," is this species. See
also the note under C. pachy siphon.

8. C. Cumminsii, Stapf. A large, perfectly glabrous shrub ;
branches stout. Leaves elliptic- or obovate-oblong, suddenly contracted
or subacute at the base, over 9 in. long, up to 5 J in. broad, coriaceous,
dull green when dry ; secondary nerves more than 9 on each side,
straight to near to the margin ; petiole stout, J- J in. long. Inflor-
escences terminal, paired, corymbose, rather lax ; peduncle stout, up to
3 in. long ; bracts short, caducous ; pedicels up to 9 lin. long. Calyx
2-2 J lin. long ; sepals rotundate, ciliolate, with numerous small basal
glands within. Corolla white ; tube oblong-ellipsoid, constricted below
the mouth, 9-10 lin. long, 4 lin. in diam., pubescent within above the
anthers, with broad gold- brown velvety lines along the filamental ridges ;
lobes oblong, 5-6 lin. long, velvety near the base. Stamens inserted
5 lin. above the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers sagittate, subulate-
acuminate, 5 lin. long. Carpels semi-ovoid ; style oj lin. long ; stigma
shortly cylindric, grooved, apiculate, with a wavy ring at the base.
Berries 4 in. in diam. ; pulp white (according to Cummins). — TabemcF-
montana ci'ossa (?), Cummins in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 76.

Upper Guinea. Ashanti : Assin-Yan-Kumassi, Cummins, 114 !

Very similar to C. crassa, but distinguished by the larger leaves witli more
numerous nerves, larger calyces, stouter corollas and the beautiful hairy marking
inside the corolla-tube below the anthers. The leaf-tips are broken off, except
from one small arrested leaf where the tip is abruptly narrowed to an acute jwint.
Judging from mtitilated leaves, they may well attain a length of a foot or even more,
and probably have between 12 and 15 secondary nerves.

9. C. pachysiphon, Stapf. A shrub up to 10 ft. high. Leaves
ovate or elliptic, shortly acuminate, subacute or suddenly contracted at
the base, 12-15 in. long, 8-10 in. broad, subcoriaceous; secondary
nerves 13-15 on each side; petiole broad, stout, 6-12 lin. long. In-
florescence corymbose, many-flowered, contracted ; peduncle stout, 5—6
in. long ; bracts ovate, caducous, 2-3 lin. long ; pedicels 4-5 lin. long.
Calyx 3J-4 lin. long ; sepals bi oad, oblong, obtuse, ciliolate. Corolla

146 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.^ (stapf). \Conopharyngia.

white, fragrant; tube very fleshy, wide, oblong-elUpsoid, constricted
below the mouth, 1 in. long or shghtly longer, 4-5 lin. wide, densely
tomentose within except along the middle lines of the filamental ridges
and short lines between the bases of the stamens ; lobes oblong, 8-18
lin. long, margins wavy. Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-
tube ; anthers 6 lin. long, almost reaching the mouth. Style 5 lin.
long. — Taherncemontana pachysiphon, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 22.

upper Guinea. Lower Niger: Onitsa, Barter, 1328! Lagos; Ibadan
Forest Reserve, Punch, 146 !

Leaves sent by Miss Gurney from " West Africa " under the name Kpokpoka
belong very probably to this species. Tliey were referred by Morris (in Journ. Soc.
Arts, xlvi. 778), to C. crassa, which is stated there to yield part of the rubber of
Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast. Neither C. crassa nor C. pachysiphon have been,
so far, observed in these colonies, and experiments made in Ceylon to obtain rubber
from a cultivated specimen of " Taherncemontana crassa " have been unsuccessful
(see Vilbouchevitch in Warb. Plant, a Caoutch. 208, in note).

1 referred (in De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot.
ser. 1, i. fasc. i. 40) a plant collected by Dewevre on the Upper Congo near Kasongo
to this species. Having revised tliis group since,' I have no doubt now that
Dewevre's plant does not belong here, but am unable to assign it to its proper place
in the absence of the specimen.

10. C. Holstii, Stapf. A tall tree with very hard wood; bark
dark green, at length whitish ; branches stout. Leaves oblong to
elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends or the tips apiculate, up to 10 in.
long and 4 in. broad, subcoriaceous ; secondary nerves 12-15 on each
side, rather spreading and straight ; petiole stout, 6 lin. long. Inflor-
escences loosely corymbose ; peduncle stout, 2 J-5|- in. long ; bracts
ovate, acute, early deciduous ; pedicels J-1 in. long. Calyx 3-3 J lin.
long ; sepals suborbicular, ciliolate. Corolla white, yellow in the centre,
fragrant ; tube very fleshy, wide, up to 5 lin. in diam. at the middle,
1 in. long, densely tomentose within except along 5 lines below the
stamens; lobes oblong, as long as the tube or longer, margin crisp.
Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers 5 J lin. long.
Style 5-6 lin. long. Berries blackish-brown, globose, 4 in. in diam., with
a ventral groove and 2 faint lateral ridges. — Taherncemontana Holstii^
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 86, 88 ; Pax in Engl. I.e. B. 352 ; K. Schum. in
Engl. I.e. C. 317, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 148;
SchefHer in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 143. Voacanga
Holstii, Engl. Glied. Yeg. Usambara, 48, 52 (name only).

Wile ]band. Uganda : Entebbe, Whyte ! and without precise locality,
Johnston !

IMEozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Nderema (Ngerema ?)
Solst, 2247 ! VolJcens, 134 ! Seheffler, 9 ! Nguelo, Kummer, 28 !

11 C. angolensis, StapJ. A small tree, 12-26 ft. high ; branches
stout, terete, olive-green when dry. Leaves oblong-elliptic, very shortly
acuminate or acute, acute at the base, 7-11 in. long, 3-4 in. broad,
subcoriaceous, glossy when fresh, dull when dry ; secondary nerves 9-12
on each side; petiole stout, 4 lin. to 1 in. long. Inflorescences geminate
or 3-nate, corymbose, few- or many-flowered ; peduncles stout, up to 5 in.

Vonopharync/ia.] Lxxxiv. apocynace/e (staff). 147

long ; bracts ovate, caducous, 3-4 lin. long ; pedicels rather slender,
up to 1 in. long. Flowers sweet-scented. Calyx 3 J-4 lin. long ; sepals
broad, oblong or obovate, minutely ciliolate with "small basal glands
within. Corolla white ; tube widest below the middle, 1 in. long, or
slightly longer, up to 3 J lin. wide, densely villous within up to the mouth
except on the filamental ridges; lobes oblong, as long as the tube.
Stamens inserted 4 J lin. above the base of the corolla- tube ; anthers
5-6 lin. long. Style rather stout, 3^ lin. long. Berries of the shape,
size and colour of an orange. Seeds in a spongy pulp, b-Gh lin. long. —
TahemcEmontana angolensis, Stapf in Kew Bulletin," 1804, 23;
Warb. Kautschukpfl. 112, and Plant, a Caoutch. (French edit.) 207;
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. GG9. Apocijnacea, No. 55, Welw. Apont.
588 ; Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 25 partly.

Ziower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo ; in forest, Welwitsch, 5989 !
and fruit, 730 ! 731 !

IVXozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Stevenson Road,
6000 ft., Scott- Elliot, 8297 !

12. C. stapfiana, Stapf. Leaves oblong-elliptic, subacute or
obtuse, acute at the base, 5-7 in. long, l|-2f in. broad, coriaceous ;
secondary nerves 9-13 on each side, much spreading, straight; petiole
2-4 lin. long. Inflorescence corymbose ; peduncle stout, 3-3^^^ in.
long ; bracts ovate, 2-3 lin. long, early deciduous ; pedicels stout" 1-2
lin. long. Calyx 41-5 lin. long ; sepals ovate-oblong, very obtuse, very
sparingly ciliolate. Corolla-tube subcylindric, slightly widened below
the middle, 1 in. long, softly pubescent above the stamens, especially
near the mouth, and just below them, otherwise glabrous within ; lobes
broad-ovate, 12-14 lin. long, up to 10 lin. broad. Stamens inserted
below the middle of the corolla-tube, 5 lin. long. Style 5 lin. long. —
Tahei^cemiontana stapfiana, Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv.
25 partly ; Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 132 ; K. Schum. in Engl. I.e. C. 31G.

IVfozamb. X>lst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanje, at
6000 ft., Whyte, 87 !

13. C. Johnstonii, Stapf. A tall tree, quite glabrous. Leaves
oblong, apiculate, subacute at the base, 10-11 in. long, 3-4 in. broad,
subcoriaceous, dark green above when dry; secondary nerves 15-18 on
each side, much spreading, almost straight ; petiole up to 1 in. long.
Inflorescences corymbose, rather loose ; peduncle stout, 1-4 in. long ;
bracts small, ovate, the lower deciduous ; pedicels rather slender, up to
7 lin. long. Calyx 3^-4 lin. long ; sepals very broad-elliptic, obtuse,
with small basal glands within. Corolla white ; tube 1 in. long, sub-
cylindric, widened at ^ from the base, villous within in the upper third,
otherwise quite glabrous; lobes broad-oblong, 9-10 lin. long, margins
wavy. Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers
sagittate, subulate-acuminate, 5 lin. long. Carpels ovate-lanceolate ;
style filiform, 5 lin. long ; stigma cylindric, grooved, with a basal ring.

xrile Xiand. Uganca : Nandi Plateau, tZoAwj^on.

14. C. stenosiphon, Stapf, Leaves obovate-oblong or oblong,
subacute at both ends, 6-8 in. long, 2J-3J in. broad, subcoriaceous (or

148 LXixiv. APOCYNACEiE (sTAPr). [Conopharyngia.

papery?); secondary nerves 12-14 on each side; petiole J in. long.
Inflorescence loosely corymbose ; peduncle Ij in. long; pedicels J in.
long. Calyx 2 lin. long ; segments obovate, obtuse. Corolla-tube
slender, cylindric, scarcely widened, twisted, 9-10 lin. long, 1 lin. wide,
very villous within from the base of the stamens upwards; lobes
narrow-oblongf villous near the base within, l.J in. long, up to 7 lin.
broad. Stamens inserted 3-4 lin. above the base ; anthers linear,
sagittate, 6 lin. long, almost reaching to the mouth. — Taberncemontana
stenosip/wn, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 23 ; K, Schum. in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 148 ; Warb. Kautschukpfl. 112, and Plant,
a Caoutch. (French, edit.) 207.

Ziower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, 4000 ft., Moller, 97 !

The specimen at Kew, from whicb this description was made is — apart from the
corollas — iti a somewhat uinatisfactory condition. C. stenosiphon is stated to yield
spaiiiigly very good I'ubber.

15. C. brachyantha, Stapf. A tree 40-50 ft. high. Leaves
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly or obscurely acuminate, rounded or
suddenly contracted and subacute at the base, 9-16 in. long, 5-9 in.
broad, subcoriaceous ; secondary nerves 8-12 on each side, . oblique,
slightly curved, or almost straight to the margin ; peduncle very broad
and stout, 3-5 lin. long. Inflorescences corymbose, many-flowered,
contracted; peduncle stout, up to 6 in. long; bracts ovate, \-^^ lin.
long ; pedicels rather slender, up to 4 lin. long. Calyx 3 lin. long ;
sepals very broad, oblong, ciliolate, with numerous small basal glands
within. CoroUa white, fragrant ; tube subcylindric, rather wide, more
or less twisted, 5-5^ lin. long, densely tomentose within, except along
lines joining at the base and tapering towards the anther bases, and
5 short lines between the anther bases ; lobes linear-oblong, up to 9 lin.
long, velvety towards the mouth, margins wavy. Stamens inserted at
or just above the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers 3 lin. long, tips
exserted. Style 2^ lin. long. — Taberncemontana brachyantha, Stapf in
Kew Bulletin, 1894, 22 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 223.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker Sf Standi, 183 ! 676 !
677 ! 816 ! Fernando Po, Mann, 221 !

16. C, usambarensis, Stapf. A shrub or tree, 16-40 ft. high;
branches terete, subfistular, olive- or pale-green when dry. Leaves
oblong or linear-oblong, shortly acuminate, acute at the base, 5-8 in.
long, 1J-2J in. broad, subcoriaceous ; secondary nerves 12—16 on each
side, oblique ; petiole 3-6 lin. long. Inflorescence corymbose, dense ;
peduncle rather stout, 1-2J in. long ; bracts ovate, acute ; pedicels
stout, 2-4 lin. long. Calyx 2\ lin. long ; sepals suborbicular, minutely
ciliolate. Corolla-tube elongate-ovoid, constricted below the mouth,
5-6 lin. long, velvety within between the filamental ridges, otherwise
glabrous ; lobes oblong, from somewhat longer than' to twice as
long as the tube ; margins wavy. Stamens inserted just below
the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers 3J lin. long, reaching to or
slightly beyond the mouth. Style lJ-2 lin. long. Berries orange-like,

Conopharyngia.] lxxxiv. APOOYNACEiE (stapf). 149

subglobose, 2J in. in diam. Seeds 5 lin. long. — Taberncemontana icsam-
haren^8, Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 75 ; Pax in Engl. I.e. B. 351 ; K. Schum.
in Engl. I.e. C 316, and in Engl, (fe Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 14H ;
Engl. Glied. Veg. Usambara, 30. T. ventricosa, Britten in Trans.
Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 25; Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 132; K. Sehum. in
Engl. I.e. C. 316, not of Hochst. ex DO.

"Nile Xsand. British East Africa : Ukamlja ; Kitui, Hildebrandt, 2830 .'
Uganda ; Toru, Johnston^ 23 !

XVIozamb. nist. Zanzibar, Zy?»e .' German Eh st Africa: Usambara ; Masht-ua
{Kivindoj, i/o/«/^, 8<S10 ! Kilimanjaro; 'Kd\\e,Volkens,2lQh\ British Central Afric.i :
Nyasaland; Mount Ml anje, JTAy^e, 188 !

Very near to C. ventricosa, Stapf (^Taberncemontana ventricosa, Hochst. ex
DC.) from Xatal, but distinguished by the smaller usually coriaceous (not sub-
herbaceous) calyx and the oblique nervation.

17. C« (?) pendnliflora, Stapf. A glabrous shrub or tree, up to 30
ft. high ; branches terete, slender, dark grey or brown. Leaves lanceo-
late to elliptic-oblong, shortly or long acuminate, acute at the base, 4-8 in.
long, li—i in. broad, subcoriaceous ; secondary nerves 9-11 on each side,
oblique, almost straight to near the margin ; petiole 3-5 lin. long. Inflor-
escences racemose, pseudo-axillary or obviously terminal, very shortly
peduncled or subsessile, dense, 6-8-flowered, pendulous ; lowest bracts
•oblong, obtuse, up to 2 lin. long, eai*ly deciduous, uppeF ones much shorter,
more persistent ; axis very short, then elongate, and in the lower part
covered with the large contiguous scars of the fallen flowers, finally (in-
cluding the peduncle) up to 7 lin. long ; pedicels up to 3 lin. long. Calyx
2 lin. long ; sepals rotun date-ovate, obtuse, ciliolate, with a row of small
basal glands within. Corolla white, fragrant ; tube subcylindric, up to
5 lin. long, widened at the middle; pubescent or villous within from just
below the anthers upwards ; lobes very oblique, pubescent near the base.
Stamens inserted about 2 lin. above the base ; anthers sagittate, 2J lin.
long, reaching to the mouth of the corolla. Carpels semi-ovoid, suddenly
contracted into the filiform style ; stigma cylindric with a thickened
grooved top and a membranous ring at the base. Berries (young)
globose, fleshy. — Taberncemontana penduliflora, K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xxiii. 225.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, in forests, Zenker, 797 ! Lolodorf ,
common in the bush. 1500-2000 ft., Staudt, 139 ! Bipinde, ZenJcer, 1721! 1727 !
1970!

This differs considcxahly from the other species of Conopharyyigia, recalling in
habit and inflorescences Qabunia, with which Schumann's description of the corolla
does, however, not agree. I have seen only very ^oung flowers.

A specimen collected by Schweinfurth on the Turn (Yuru) River, Niamniam
•Country, with very young fruits, belongs either to this or a very similar new species.

18, C. elegans, Stapf. A shrub, 8-10 ft. high ; branches tereie,
rather stout, drying more or less black. Leaves narrowly oblong to
lanceolate, subacuminate or obtuse, acute at the base, 4-6 in. long,
lJ-2 in. broad, subcoriaceous, opaque when dry, much paler beneath;
secondary nerves 16-22 on each side, almost horizontal and straight.
Inflorescence corymbose or paniculate, terminal, more or less overtopped

VOL. IV. '

J 50 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [C onopharyngia.

by young shoots, many-flowered, loose; peduncle 1-2 in. long; bracts
small, scarious, caducous;' pedicels slender, up to 6 lin. long. Calyx
1-1 i lin. long ; sepals rotundate-ovate, obtuse, not ciliolate, with 1 bifid
or 2-8 entire basal glands within. Corolla yellowish-white ; tube short,
cylindric, 3-3J lin. long, constricted and thin ai^d glabrous within below
the stamens, more fleshy and hairy within in the upper part ; lobes
oblong, 4^ lin. long. Stamens inserted 1 lin. above the base of the
corolla-tube ; anthers subsagittate, with short solid basal points, 1 lin.
long. Style J lin. long ; stigma subulate, densely papillose, 2-fid, from
a globose or ellipsoid viscid base, supported by a ring of 10 small spread-
ing lobes. Berries obliquely ovoid, with apiculate recurved tips and
1 dorsal and 2 lateral ridges, up to 2 in. long, fleshy, covered with
numerous suberous warts, at length dehiscing ventrally. — Taherruemon-
tana elegans, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 24; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl.
OstAfr. C. 316.

Wile Ziand. British East Africa : Mombasa, Wakefield !

ASozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Shupanga, KirJc !
between Sena and Lupata, Kirk, 30a ! 42 ! Shiramba, Peters ! Chirouio, Scott-
Mliot, 2806a ! Shire Highlands, Johnston !

The Mombasa plant has (in comparison to the specimens from the Zambesi basin)
very narrow, lanceolate leaves (f-1 in. broad) with more oblique side-nerves and
slightly smaller flowers. On the other hand, a form occurs with thin, strictly
oblong and obtuse leaves and fruits up to 4 in. long wlien dry. The material at
hand is too scanty to suggest whether those differences are constant or not.

Imperfectly hiovni species.

19. Tabernsemontana grandifiora, Hooh. in Gray d- Dochard,
Trav. West. Afr. App. 38'J, t. B., not of Linn. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acute at both ends or with subohtuse tips, 5 in. long, 1| in. broad ;
secondary nerves up to 12 on each side ; petiole 4 lin. long. Flowers
solitary, pseudo-axillary ; peduncle stout, 6-10 lin. long. Calyx about
5-6 lin. long ; sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla white ; tube about 1
in. long, much twisted, widened at the middle; lobes obHquely
obovate-oblong. Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube ;
anthers sagittate. Carpels free ; style filiform ; stigma cylindric with
a basal ring. Berries ovoid, apiculate. — T. a/ricana, A. DC. Prod. viii.
367 ; L. Planchon, Prod. Apocyn. 294 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 148.

Upper Guinea. French Guinea : Kakundi, on the Eio Nunez, Kummer.

This plant was described from a drawing made by Kummer on the spot, the
original s])ecimen having been lost. If the drawing is correct in all its proportions, it
doubtless represents a distinct species of Conopharyngia ; but I suspect this is not the
case. The foliage is quite like that of C. longifiora, and the figures of the flower and'
fruit would, except for their reduced size, also answer fairly well for that species.

20. Tabemaemontana mborensis, K. Schum. in Engl. Veg.
Uluguru Gebirges in Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, xvi. (1900) 198
{name only).

IVXozamb. Bist. German East Africa: North Uluguru ; near Mboro, ex
Schumann.

Voacanga.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 151

27. VOACANGA, Thouars, Nov. Gen. Madag. 10.

Calyx tubular or subcampanulate, 5-lobed, early circumsci.^sile at the
base and deciduous, or more persistent, tardily circumscissile or splitting
longitudinally, with k ring or zone of, often numerous, small glands at
or above the base ; lobes obtuse, imbricate. Corolla salver-shaped ;
tube staminiferous above the middle, constricted below the stamens and
at the mouth, with callous thickenings round the often very narrow
orifice, more or less twisted from left to right, very rarely straight,
with prominent filamental ridges; lobes broad, obtuse, as long as
or longer than the tube and more or less spreading, rarely much
shorter and tightly reflexed, tips not inflexed in bud. Anthers sessile,
adnate by a broad base to the corolla-tube, deeply sagittate ; tips subu-
late, usually more or less exserted, or reaching close to the mouth ;
basal tails horny, slender, solid. Disc usually annular, very fleshy,
surrounding the base of the ovary, or cupular and concealing the
ovary, very rarely reduced to an inconspicuous ring, more or less con-
fluent with the base of the ovary. Carpels 2, semi-ovoid or semi-glo-
bose, free, very rarely connate to the middle ; style columnar, thickened
upwards; stigma subcapitate, 5-grooved with a fleshy wavy ring or
frill at the base ; ovules multiseriate, very numerous on bifid placentas.
Mericarps baccate, globose or pear-shaped, more or less oblique, some-
times with short, recurved beaks, sometimes very tardily dehiscing
along the ventral suture; pericarp thick and fleshy or thinner and
coriaceous when dry. Seeds numerous, embedded in a pulpy mass,
oblong-ellipsoid, deeply grooved ventrally ; testa crustaceous, more or
less grooved longitudinally, often coarsely honeycombed by transverse
partitions across the grooves, more or less intruding into the endosperm ;
endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons foliaceous, thin, ventrally concave, shorter
than the radicle. — Shrubs or trees, dichotomously branched ; leaf-buds
sometimes coated with resin. Leaves opposite, herbaceous to coriaceous ;
axillary stipules distinct, like those of Conopharyngia (in the first two
species) or quite obscure or 0 ; leaf -bases united into a rim or very short
sheath ; axillary glands small, numerous. Flowers large to rather small,
in terminal, frequently paired, peduncled, racemiform, umbelliform or
corymbose inflorescences, usually from the young branch-forks. Corollas
white, yellow or greenish, or the limb violet-brown. — TaberncvmonUinay
Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. TOG partly.

Species 12 in tropical Africa, Natal, and the Mascarene Islands, nnd about 4 in
the Malay Archipelago.

This description excludes those Malayan species, referred to I'oacanfja by recent
authors, which have the corolla-tube much prolonged beyond the stamens. They
might better be joined to the genus Orchipeda, under which some of them were
originally described by Blume.

Flowers large (limb 2 in. or more in diam.), white, in

few-flowered, racemiform or umbelliform, very

robust inflorescences ; calyx wide-tubular ; lobes

short, early circumscissile ; disc cupular, exci-eding

the ovary.

152

LXXXIV. APOCYXACE^ (sTAPf).

[^Voaca7iga.

Calyx 7-8 lin. louj^ ; corolla-tube as long as tlie c;ilyx ;
leaves frequently subacute or obtuse (but not
broadly rounded) at th* apex ....

Calyx 5^6 (rarely to 7) lin. long; corolla-tube
shortly exserted from the calyx; leaves usually
broa<lly rounded, at the ajjex . . . .

Flowers large (limb 2 in. in diam.) and yellow, or
middle-isized to small and variously coloured, in few-
to many-fiowered, raceniifonn to corymbose in-
riorescence*, never so robust as in the preceding
species; calyx more or less campanulate, lobes as
long as tlie tube or nearly so, not' or very tardily
cirtumscissile at the base; disc annular, rarely
ol)scure.
Bracts caducous ; coroila-linib rotate ; lobes always
longer than the tube.
Inliorescences shortly racemiform or umbelliforni,
few-flowered; calyx 7-9 lin. long ; corolla-
limb 2 in. in diam. or almost so.
Young branches, leaves and intiorescences (except
the flowers) more or less pubescent, at least
when young ......

Quite glabrous ......

Inflorescences corymbose, many-flowered; calyx
6-3 lin. long; corolla-limb 2 to less than
1 in. in diam.
Corolla-tube twisted, 6-4 lin. long.

Calyx 5-6 lin, long; corolla deep yellow
(where the colour is known).
Leaves sessile or subsessile, broad-ovate or
elliptic ......

Leaves distinctly petioled, more or less
lanceolate to ovate ....

Calyx 3|-4i lin. long; corolla not deep
yellow.
Corolla greenish-yellow ; leaves sessile,
rarely subsessile ....

Corolla white ; leaves petioled (petiole up to
6 lin. long), rarely subsessile
Corolla-tube straight, 3 lin. long
Bracts persistent, more or less crowded at the base of
the inflorescence ; corolla-limb rotate or reHexed ;
lobes shorter than the tube.
Corolla-lobes almost as long as (he tube, not darker
than the tube ; limb rotate.
Calyx 7—8 lin. long, sparingly glandular inside ;

lobes oblong ; corolla-tube 7—8 lin. long
Calyx 4-5 lin. long, multiglandular inside ; lobes
rotundate ; corolla-tube 5-5g^ lin. long
Corolla-lobi^s half as long as the tube or less, flat
and dark when dry ; limb tightly reflexed.
Leaves (at least below and when young) and in-
florescences finely pubescent : calyx 5-6 lin.
long, with a zone of glands above the base;
lob»s reHexed, rather longer than the tube ;
corolla greenish .....

1. J\ uhiusa.

2. V. Thotiarsti

r. angolensLs.

V. Schwebifurfhii.

5. V. spectahilis.

6. V. puberula.

7. V. lutescens.

V. africana.
V. chalotiana.

. 10.

11.

V. psilocalyx.
V. Zenkeri.

12. V. diplocJdamys.

Voacanga.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 153

Leaves and inflorescences glabrous ; calyx 4— 4| I'm.
long, with a ring of glands at the very base,
lobfs usually porrect, as long as or shorter
than the tube; corolla-limb violet-brown . 13. V. hracteata.

1. V, obtusa. A". Schum. in Engl, dh Prantl, PJlanzenfam. iv. ii.
149. A tall glabrous tree; branches stout, pallid, or the youngesb
blackish when dry. Leaves crowded towards the tips of the branches,
obovate to oblong, obtuse to subacute, subcuneate towards the base,
4-9 in. long, 1J-3J in. broad, dark green, shining when fresh, subcori-
aceous, dull when dry ; secondary nerves subhorizontal or rather
oblique, almost straight, slender; petiole 4-9 lin. long. Inflorescences
usually geminate from the branch-forks, shortly racemiform or urabelli-
form, few-flowered ; peduncle stout, 4-5 in. long ; rhachis stout, gradu-
ally lengthening up to 2 in. as the lower flowers fall ; bracts ovate, con-
cave, up to 5 lin. long, caducous ; pedicels stout, finally up to 6 lin.
long. Calyx wide-tubular, about 7-8 lin. long, early circumscissile at
the base, with very numerous glands within ; lobes rotundate, about
2 lin. long. Corolla white (or pale yellow ? ), sweet-scented, fleshy ;
tube subcylindric, not or scarcely exserted from the calyx, slightly con-
stricted, 7-9 lin. long, twisted from the base upwards, quite glabrous;
limb ovoid in bud, 8 lin. long ; lobes somewhat asymmetric, broadly sub-
obcordate, narrow at the base, about 1 in. long, up to almost 1^ in.
broad, sinus shallow. Anthers inserted close to the mouth of the
corolla, exserted for half their length, slightly over 3 lin. long. Disc
cupular, obscurely lobed, exceeding the ovary and adnate to it only at
the base, persistent. Style up to 8 lin. long ; stigma shortly cylindric,
grooved, with a frill at the base. Berries globose, over 2 in. in diam.,
smooth; pericarp very thick, fleshy. Seeds about 4 lin. long, enveloped
in a thick pulpy coat; testa almost smooth externally, slightly intrud-
ing into the albumen. — K. Schum. in Durand & De Wild, in Bull.
Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 122 (F. obtusata, by error) ; De Wild, in Bull.
Herb. Boiss. 2 ser., i. 34. K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 226 ;
Scheffler in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 161. V. Thouarsii,
Hiern in Gat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 669, not of Roem. & Schultes.

Upper Guinea. French Guinea: Laya, by a stream, Scott-Elliot, 4481 !
Cameroons : Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker ^ Staudt, 130 !

irile Xiand. Uganda: Kampala, 5'co^/-^/Zio<, 7506 !

IiO\irer Guinea. Angola : Ambnca ; along streams between Ngombe and
Puri-Cacavambola, TFelwitsch, 5977 ! Lower Coi.go : Kisantu, Oillet, 203.

Soutli Central. Congo Free State. : Lunda ; KihKngdL, De Beerst . Niamnium,
by tlie Mbrwole River, Schweinfurth , 3741 !

Schumann also refers to V. ohtusa a plant collected by Goetzc in the Kings
Mountains, South-western German East-Africa, at an altitude of 7000 ft. According'
to the collector it is a tree 45-60 ft. high with fruits as large as a head. This
speciss comes extremely near to V. Thouarsii, from whicli it seems to differ mainly
in the less obtuse leaves, slightly larger calyces, and comparatively short corolla-
tubes. The description of the flowers is drawn up from Schweinfurth's and W.-l-
witsch's, that of the fruit and seeds from Scott-Klliot's Laya sivcimen. Tlie
•Cameroons plant has very narrow ieiives (4-6 in. by 1-1 J in.) and (according to

154 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (sxapf). [Vocicanga,

the collectors) pale sulphur-yellow flowers, whilst Scliweinfurth describes the corollas
as white and Welwitsch as whitish. A very siujilar species occurs in Nntal :
V. Dregei, E. Meyer, Much more material with good flowers, fruits and seeds is
required before it can be definitely decided whether V. ohtusa should be treated as
a species distinct from V. Thouarsii. At the same time it is also possible that the
above description covers more than one species.

Scheffler (I.e.) gives a description of a tree found in the Usambara forests, which
he names V. ohtusa. It is a tall tree with a slender stem, slender erect branches,
and scanty foliage. The flowers are sulphur-yellow, waxy, and in size and shape
very similar to those of Taherncemontana Holstii. The wood is hard, yellowish-
white, the bark smooth, dark grey, and the fruits dark green, mottled with yellowish-
white. This tree sheds its foliage completely by the end of October and beginning
of November. The new leaves appear early in December.

2. V. Thouarsii, Roem. d- Schultes, Syst. Veg. iv. 439. A glabrous-
tree or shrub ; branches stout, pallid or the youngest blackish when dry ;
leaf-buds more or less coated with resin. Leaves crowded towards the
ends of the branches, obovate- or oblong-cuneate, broadly rounded at
the apex, 4-8 in. long, IJ-3J in. broad, subcoriaceous, dull when dry;
secondary nerves 12-16 on each side, subhorizontal, straight for the
greatest part or slightly curved, slender ; petiole very variable in length,
rarely over J in. long. Inflorescences usually geminate from the branch-
forks, racemiform (consisting really of racemosely arranged reduced
cymes) ; peduncle stout, 2-4 in, long ; rhachis stout, gradually lengthen-
ing up to 3 in. as the lower flowers fall ; bracts ovate, concave, up to
5 lin. long, caducous ; pedicels stout, 3-5 lin. long. Calyx wide-tubular,
5J-7 lin. long, early circumscissile at the base, with very numerous
glands within ; lobes rotundate, 2 lin. long. Corolla white, fleshy ;
tube subcylindric, slightly constricted, 8-10 lin. long, twisted from the
middle upwards, quite glabrous ; limb in bud ellipsoid, 6 lin. long ; lobes
subobcordate, up to 1 in. long, and more than 1 in. broad. Anthers
inserted close to the mouth of the corolla, exserted for half their length,
3-3 J lin. long. Disc cupular, obscurely lobed, exceeding the ovary and
adnate to it only at the base, persistent. Style up to 8 lin, long ; stigma
shortly cylindric, grooved, with a frill at the base. Berries globose,
of the size of an apple (Baron) or a walnut {Kirk)^ mottled. — K. Schum.
in Engl, k PrantI, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 149.

Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Mafia Island, KirJc !
Also in Madagascar.

3. V. angolensis, Stapf ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl.Welw. i. 668
partly. A small tree, 6-9 ft. high ; branches moderately stout, pubes-
cent when young, pallid. Leaves broadly ovate- or obovate- or elliptic-
lanceolate, acute to acutely acuminate, acute at the base or decurrent on
the petiole, rarely more or less panduriform and subsessile, up to 10 in.
long, 2-4 in. broad, thinly coriaceous, pubescent beneath chiefly on the
midrib and nerves, at least near the base, or glabrescent ; secondary
nerves 12-15 on each side, slender, oblique ; petiole up to 4 lin. long or
hardly any. Inflorescences geminate, terminal, few-flowered, shortly
racemiform or umbelliform, softly pubescent, at least below ; peduncle

Voacanga.] Lxxxiv. apocynace.e (staff). 15r>

rather stout, 2 in. long; bracts ovoid, acute or acuminate, G lin. long;
pedicels rather slender, 3-7 lin. long. Calyx subcampanulate, 7-9 lin.
long, subherbaceous, with numerous small glands about 2 lin. above the
base ; lobes broad-oblong, obtuse, almost as long as the tube, at last
spreading or reflexed. Corolla sulphur-yellow ; tube stout, 7 lin. long,
constricted at the middle, twisted ; lobes broad, obovate-oblong, some-
what oblique, 9-12 lin. long. Stamens inserted above the middle;
anthers 3J-4 lin. long, tips scarcely exserted, tails rather long. Disc
fleshy, annular, much shorter than the carpels. Style 3 J lin. long.
Berries (one often abortive) of the shape and size of a small apple, some-
what oblique, 2 in. in diam., with curved longitudinal ridges ; pericarp
coriaceous when dry. Seeds about 3 lin. long ; testa finely punctate,
longitudinal grooves distinct and honeycombed or more or less obscure
externally. — V. africana, var. ? Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 88.

Kower Guinea. Gaboon : banks of the Coino River, 75 miles enst of
Gil boon, Bates, 461! Angola: Golungo Alto; Quibixe Mountains, and near
Canguerasange and Quilombo, Wehvitsch, 5979 ! 5980 : forests of Alto Queta, Wei-
witsch, 5931 ! and fruits, 720! 721 !

4. V. Schweinfurthii, Stapf in Keio Bulletin, 1894, 21. A
glabrous shrub, 15 ft. high; branches slender, pallid, or the youngest
blackish when dry. Leaves oblanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, acute or
subacuminate, long attenuate and acute or the lower rounded at the
base,. 5-8 in. long, lf-2^ in. broad, papery ; secondary nerves 9-14 on
each side, very oblique, gently curved ; petiole up to 5 lin. long (then
the leaf-base always acute) or none. Inflorescences geminate f loni the
young branch-forks, umbelliform, few-flowered, sometimes nodding ;
peduncle slender, 1 J-3 in. long ; bracts oblong, caducous ; pedicels
slender, 6-12 lin. Jong. Calyx subcampanulate, 7-8 lin. long, with a
transverse zone of scattered glands about 1 J lin. above the base ; lobes
broad-ovate, obtuse, spreading or reflexed, about as long as the tube.
Corolla yellow ; tube stout, constricted at the middle and mouth, scarcely
6 lin. long, finely tomentose on the broad filamental ridges, and delicately
papillose below ; lobes obliquely obovate, subacuminate, almost 1 in. long.
Stamens inserted above the middle ; anthers 3 lin. long, tips shortly
exserted, tails long. Disc annular, surrounding the ovary to almost half
their height. Style 3^ lin. long. Berries " ovoid, pulp yellow " (Schwein-
furth).— K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 317 (excl. Stuhlmann's
plant?).

Soutb Central. Congo Free State: Niamniam ; Yuru River, Schiveivfurth,
3326!

The plant figured as V. Schweinfurthii in De Wild. & Durand, 111. Fl. Congo,
t, 39, is a pubescent state of V. africana. Stuhlaiann's specimen from Qniliinane
(i. 710), referred to V. Schweinfurthii by Sclminann, I.e., belongs very i)r«l)al)ly U>
some other species, but which I cannot SHy. The V. iSchweinfurthii nuntioned by
De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, fasc. ii. 40, as collected by Demeu.se near
Bangala on the middle Congo, is equally doubtful.

5. V. spectabilis, Stapf. A much branched shrub, 5-7 ft. high ;
branches rather stout, softly and densely pubescent when young, then
glabrescent, pale greyish. Leaves sessile or subsessile, broadly ovate or

15G Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (sTAPF). [Voacangu.

elliptic, obtuse or acute or sabacuminate, narrowed (often suddenly)
from below the middle to the base, 4-|-5J in. long, 2 J-3| in. broad, sub-
coriaceous, finely pubescent to subtomentose on the nerves below ;
secondary nerves 12-15 on each side, rather spreading, straight or
gently curved ; petiole (if any) very short and winged from the decur-
rent blade. Inflorescences usually geminate from the youngest branch-
forks, dichotomously corymbose, many-flowered, glabrous or sparingly
pubescent below; peduncle about 2 in. long, moderately stout; bracts
ovate, subacute, up to 3 lin. long, caducous ; pedicels rather slender,
6-9 lin. long. Calyx subcampanulate, 5-6 lin. long, subherbaceous,
with a zone of glands above the base ; lobes rotundate, almost as long
as the tube, at last spreading or reflexed. Corolla deep yellow ; tube
4-5 lin. long, stout, constricted just above the middle, twisted ; lobes
obovate or elliptic, up to 9 lin. long. Stamens inserted above the
middle of the corolla- tube ; anthers 2-2 J lin. long, tips very shortly
exserted, tails rather short. Disc fleshy, annular, much shorter than
the carpels. Style 3 lin. long. — V. africana^ Stapf in Journ. Linn.
Soc. XXX. 87 partly. V. angolensis, Stapf ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL
Welw. i. 668 partly.

JmO-wbt Guinea. Aiifrola : Ambaca ; hills between Ngombe and Puri-
Cacarambola, WelwittcA, 5978 !

6. V. puberula^ K. Schum. in Engl. <£• Franil, PJlanzenfam. iv. ii.
149. A shrub 5-12 ft. high, softly pubescent when young; branches
moderately stout, fistular, pallid. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to lanceo-
late or ovate, subacuminate, acute or subacute at the base, 3-5 in. long,
1J-2J in. broad, papery, finely and softly pubescent benea.th, at least
on the nerves, at length glabrescent ; secondary nerves 9-12 on each
side, rather spreading and almost straight or oblique and gently curvea ;
petiole slender, 2-4 lin. long. Inflorescences geminate from the
young branch-forks, dichotomously corymbose or of paired pseudo-
umbels, rather loose, pubescent up to the calyces ; peduncles slender,
1-1 J in. long; bracts obovate-oblong, up to 6 lin. long, caducous;
pedicels slender, up to 10 lin. long. Calyx subcampanulate, 5-6 lin.
long, rather firm, with a zone of small glands somewhat above the
base ; lobes broad-ovate or ova-te-oblong, obtuse, as long as the tube,
porrect or sometimes reflexed. Corolla-tube stout, 4J-5 lin. long, con-
stricted at thue middle and mouth, twisted, finely tomentose within just
below the stamens, otherwise glabrous ; lobes obliquely obovate, wavy,
6-7 lin. long, horizontally spreading. Stamens inserted above the
middle ; anthers 2J-8 lin. long, tips shortly exserted, tails almost
straight, very acute. Disc fleshy, annular, free, less than half the
height of the ovary. Style 3 lin. long. Berries obliquely ovoid-glo-
bose, 2 in. long; pericarp thick. Seeds 2|- lin. long, longitudinally
grooved on the back, horizontally on the face (according to Pierre). —
V. Schweinfurthii, De Wild, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 ser., i. 34, not of
Stapf. V. Klainii, Pierre MS.

£o^7er Guinea. Gaboon : Klaine, 1244 ! Loango : Cliinchocho, Sot/aux,
41 ! Lower Congo : Kisantu, Gillet, 186 !

Voacanga.] lxxxiv. apocynaceji: (stapf). 157

7. V. lutesceuSy Staj)f. A shrub, 9-1:^ ft. high; branches
moderately t^tout, pallid, usually pubescent when young, rarely quite
glabrous from the beginning. Leaves sessile, rarely sub.^es.sile, elliptic
or elliptic-oblong, acute or obscurely acuminate, narrowed from the
middle downwards, obscurely and minutely cordate or rounded at the
base or decurrent on the very short petiole, 4-8 in. long, 2-4 in. broad,
papery, usually more or less softly pubescent below, especially on the
midrib, rarely quite glabrous; secondary nerves 11-13 on each side,
rather spreading (or oblique in the nariow leaves), straight for more
than half their length or gently curved. Inflorescences geminate, from
the young branch-forks, dichotomously corymbose, many-flowered, more
or less pubescent (at least in the lower parts), or more rarely quite
glabrous; peduncle rather stout, 1-5 in. long; bracts ovate-oblong,
obtuse or subacute, up to 4 lin. long, caducous ; pedicels rather slender,
3-7 lin. long. Calyx subcampanulate, herbaceous, 3^-4^ lin. long,
with a transverse zone of numerous glands above the base, not or very
tardily circumscissile at the base ; lobes rotundate-ovate, obtuse, about
as long as the tube, at length often spreading or reflexed. Corolla
greenish-yellow ; tube stout, constricted at the middle and mouth,
twisted, 4-4J lin. long, very finely tomentose on and especially between
the filamental ridges, otherwise glabrous between them : lobes broad,
obovate to obovate- oblong, up to 7 lin. long. Stamens iiiserted above
the middle; anthers 2-2| lin. long, tips very shoitly txserted, tails
moderately long. Disc fleshy, annular, less than half the height of the
ovary. Style 2 lin. long. Berries (often one abortive) obovoid-glo-
bose, oblique, 2 in. long; pericarp thick, coriaceous when dry, mottled.
Seeds coated with a thick pulpy mantle (aril? ), longitudinally grooved,
grooves wide with transverse partitions; testa finely granular. —
V. afi'icana, Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 87 partly. V. Bvehmii^
K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 453, scarcely of K. Schum. in Engl.
Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 317.

nxozamb. Slst. German Efftt Africa : Khutu ; in tlie steppe b}' the Mgeta
Rivor, at Kisaki, 500 ft., Goeize. 127 ! Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ;
between Lupata and Sena, Kirk, 31! Shupanga, Kirk! and without precife
locality, Stewart! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Cliiroino, Scott-Elliot,
2806 ! 60 miles up the River Shire, Kirk ! Sliire Highlands, Buchanan, 9 !

K. Sciuimann states that the flowers of the plant, which he descrij^ed oripinally
as V. Boehmii, are white, and smell slightly like plue. Goetzo's plant, also named
V. Bishmii by K. Schumann, has according to the collector greenisli-yellow flower.*.
It agrees exactly with Kirk's specimens (from the district between Lupata and
Sena), of which there is a coloured sketch by Kirk, at Kew. showing the flowers to
be a pale greenish -yellow. The original V. Boehmii was collected in the Kawondi
district on the east shore of Lake Tanganyika.

8. V. africana, Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. .^7 partly. A
shrub or small tree, up to 15 ft. high ; branches moderately stout,
glabrous or pubescent when young, pallid. Leaves rather variable in
shape, size and tomentum, lanceolate to obovate, ovate or elliptic, ncute
to acuminate, rarely obtuse, long (rarely abruptly) attenuate towards and
acute (rarely subcordate) at the *1base, lJ-8 in. long, li-ij in. broad,

158 LXXXiT. APOCYXACE.E (stapf). [Vocccanga.

papery, glabrous or softly pubescent beneath, especially on the midrib ;
secondary nerves 11-lG on each side, subhorizontal or oblique, gently
curved ; petiole up to G lin. long or hardly any. Inflorescences usually
paired from the young branch-forks, dichotomously corymbose, many-
flowered, glabrous or more or less pubescent in the lower part ; peduncle
2-5 in. long ; bracts oblong, up to 4 lin. long, caducous ; pedicels slender,
up to 10 lin. long. Ca,lyx subcampanulate, 3^-4^ lin. long, with a trans-
verse zone of very numerous glands above the base ; lobes rotundate-
ovate, as long as or almost as long as the tube. Corolla white, sweet-
scented ; tube '3-4^ lin. long, stout, constricted at the middle and mouth,
twisted, finely tomentose on the filamental ridges, otherwise glabrous
within ; lobes subobliquely obovate-oblong, from 6 lin. to almost 1 in.
long. Stamens inserted above the middle ; anthers 2 lin. long, tip^
shortly exserted, tails long. Disc annular, surrounding the ovary to
half its height. Style 2 lin. long. Fruit unknown. — V. glabra, K.
Schum. in Engl. & Frantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 149. V. Schiveinfurthii,-
Durand & De Wild, in Ball. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 122 ; De Wild. &
Durand, 111. Fl. Congo, 77 (excl. descript.), t. 39, and Reliq. Dewevr.
151 ; var. parvijlora, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 226.

Upper Guinea. Seiiegambia : Mboro, Perroftet, 463 ! Senegal, Heudelot
or Leprieur, 89 ! Gambia : Bathurst, Skues ! Sierra Leone : Bafodeya, Scott-
Elliot, 548-4 ! Xitiia Talla Hills, Scott-Elliot, 4903 ! and without precise locality,
Afzeliiis ! Gold Coast: Krepi, cToAw-sow, 814 1 Togo; Misahohe, Baumann, 464!
Lagos : Abeokuta, Barter, 3376 ! Jopo, Millen, 143 ! near Lagos, Moloney !
Ibadan Forest Reserve, Punch, 146 ! and without i)recise locality, Millen, 178
partly ! Niger Protectorate : Nupe, Barter, 1327 ! Old Calabar ; Adiabo, Holland,
94 ! Cameroons : Mungo, Buchholz ! Fernando Po, Mann, 243 !

Itovrer Guinea. Lower Congo: near Leopoldville , Detvevre, 483! Laurent.

A specimen collected near Yaunde in the Cameroons, by Zenker & Staudt (121 !),
and distributed as V. Schtoeinfurthii, probably also belongs to V. africana, although
the corolla-tube is almost 6 lin. long. All the Senegambia and Sierra Leone speci-
mens have more or less hairy leaves and peduncles; the same is the case with
Bai'ter's specunens from Xupe, and Mann's from Fernando Po. The amount of
hairiness varies considerably, and in Skues' specimen from the Gambia, the youngest
and smallest leaves are quite glabrous, whilst the larger lower ones have })ubesceiit
midribs. In a similar way, the Leopoldville specimen, collected by Dewevre, has
glabrous leaves, whilst that gathered by Laurent has pubescent branchlets and
leaves. 1 originally took V. africana in a very wide sense (Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx.
87) ; but renewed examination, additional material and collector's notes convince
ane that I had gone too far.

9. V. chalotiana, Pierre MS. Quite glabrous. Branches rather
slender, pallid. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, more or less abruptly-
acuminate, acute at the base, 3J-4 in. long, IJ-lj in. broad, chartaceous,
dull green above, brown beneath when dry ; secondary nerves up to 20
on each side, almost straight, rather spreading ; petiole- very slender,
up to 1 in. long. Inflorescences geminate from the young branch-forks,
dichotomously or trichotomously corymbiform, loose, many-flowered ;
peduncles rather slender, up to 2 in. long; bracts caducous; pedicels
very slender, up to 8 lin. long. Calyx campanulate, about 3 lin. long.

Voaca7iga.] lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (staff). 159

with a transverse row of small scale-like glands above the base within ;
lobes oblong, obtuse, reflexed, as long as the tube. Corolla-tube 3 lin.
long, wide above the middle, narrowed towards the base, which is attain
slightly widened, delicately velvety below the stamens within, not
twisted; lobes obovate-oblong, slightly oblique, acute, 4J-5 lin. long.
Stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers
scarcely IJ lin. long, tips scarcely exserted, tails rather short. Disc
inconspicuous, annular, thin, more or less confluent with the base of the
ovary. Carpels connate to half their height. Style 1^ lin. long.
JaO^wer Guinea. French Congo : near Brazzaville, Chalot, 5 !

to. V. psilocalyx, Pierre MS. A glabrous shrub, 6-9 ft. high ;
branches slender, grey. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, long attenuate
at the base, 4-8 in. long, 1 J-2J in. broad, papery ; secondary nerves
very oblique, gently curved, 6-7 on each side ; petiole slender, J~l in.
long. Inflorescences terminal from the youngest branch-forks, few-
flowered, umbelliform, multibracteate ; peduncle slender, IJ in. long ;
bracts persistent, crowded at the base of the pseudo-umbel, oblong,
acute, 4-6 lin. long; pedicels slender, up to ^ in. long. Calyx sub-
campanulate, 7-8 lin. long, with a transverse zone of scg-nty small
glands somewhat above the base ; lobes oblong, obtuse or shortly
acuminate, about as long as the tube. Corolla yellow; tube sub-
cylindric, abruptly constricted at the middle and gradually narrowed
towards the mouth, 7-8 lin. long, twisted, pubescent on the filamental
ridges, otherwise glabrous within ; limb rotate ; lobes obovate- elliptic,
6-7 lin. long, crisp, brown when dry. Stamens inserted above the
middle; anthers 3 lin. long, tips scarcely exserted, tails long. Disc
annular, shorter than the carpels. Berries obliquely obovoid, with a
short recurved beak, up to \\ in. long ; pericarp rather thin when dry,
leathery, with slightly raised curved longitudinal ridges. Seeds about
4^ lin. long, elegantly grooved longitudinally, grooves more or less
divided by cross ridges ; testa finely honeycombed.

Xiower Guinea. Gaboon: near Libreville, Elaine, 1377! Munda; Sibange
Farm, Soyaux, 20 !

11. V. Zenker!, /S'^ajo/'. Quite glabrous ; branches slender, terete,
fistular, pale brown or the youngest blackish when dry. Leaves lanceo-
late to oblong-lanceolate, usually long and finely acuminate, acute to
subcuneate at the base, 4-6 in. long, l;^-2 in. broad, herbaceous, thin ;
secondary nerves 6-7 on each side, very oblique, gently curved ; petiole
slender, up to 6 lin. long. Inflorescences solitary (always ?) from the
young branch-forks, nodding, of 1 or 2 contracted pseudo-umbels, multi-
bracteate ; peduncles very slender, up to 6 in. long ; bracts broad-ovate
or oblong, obtuse or subobtuse, 3-4 lin. long, crowded at the base of the
pseudo-umbels, subpersistent, if the pseudo-umbels are paired, with 2
longer oblong bracts at the base of the dichotomy ; pedicels slender, up
to 4 lin. long. Calyx wide, subcampanulate, 4-5 lin. long, somewhat
fleshy, with a zone of numerous small glands just above the base ; lobes
rotundate, porrect, slightly shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube stout,

160 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (stapf). [Voacaiiga.

constricted at the middle and mouth, 5-5J lin. long, twisted, very
delicately velvety just below the stamens, otherwise glabrous; limb
rotate ; lobes obovate-oblong, 4 lin. long, crisp, brown when dry.
Stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers 2J lin.
long, tips shortly exserted, tails straight, subacute. Disc fleshy, annular,
not quite half the height of the ovary. Style 3 lin. long.

Upper Crulnea. Cameroons : Hipiude, in forests, Zenker, 944 ! 1807 !

12. V. diplcchlamys, K.Schani. in Engl. <l- Prantl, Pjlanzenfam,
iv. ii. 149. A shrub or small tree, up to 15 ft. high; branches slender,
.subquadrangular when young, soon terete, fistular, dark brown when
dry, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate at
both ends, 4-7^ in. long, 1^-3:^ in. broad, herbaceous, thin, glabrous
above, very minutely and often sparingly puberulous on the nerves
below; secondary nerves 10-14 on each side, oblique, slightly curved ;
petiole slender, very minutely puberulous, 4-6 lin. long. Inflorescences
geminate from the young branch-forks, nodding, dichotomously corym-
bose or umbelliform, at first very dense, finally somewhat laxer, minutely
puberulous usually up to the calyces ; peduncles very slender, 2-3 in.
long ; bracts oblong to lanceolate, subacute, at length deciduous ; pedicels
up to 3 lin. long. Calyx wide-campanulate, 5-6 lin. long, rather thin,
with a transv-erse zone of numerous small often paired glands some way
above the base within ; lobes very broad, rotundate or oblong-rotundate,
at length reflexed, rather longer than the tube. Corolla greenish or
greenish-yellow ; tube stout, about 5-5J lin. long, constricted at the
middle and mouth, twisted, very delicately velvety just below the
stamens, otherwise glabrous ; lobes obovate, reflexed, 2J lin. long,
drying black. Stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube '^
anthers slightly over IJ lin. long, tips slightly exserted, tails fine,
incurved. Disc annular, fleshy, covering the ovary to half its height.
Style 3 lin. long. — V. hracteata, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 22 partly.

Upper Guinea. Southern Nigeria : Old Calabar, Thomson, 39 ! Adiabo,
Holland, 108 ! Cameroons : Barombi, Preuss, 14 !

13. V, bracteata, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 22 partly. A
glabrous shrub ; branches slender, greenish-brown when dry. Leaves
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, long and acutely acuminate, long
attenuate at the base, 4-6 in. long, l|-2:| in. broad, herbaceous, thin ;
secondary nerves about 8 on each side, very oblique, curved, very
slender ; petiole slender up to ^ in. long. Inflorescences solitary
(always ? ) from the young branch-forks, somewhat nodding, subum-
belliform or dichotomously corymbose, few-flowered, glabrous, multi-
bracteate ; peduncle very slender, up to 3 in. long; bracts persistent,
crowded at the base of the pseudo-umbels or corymbs, oblong to
lanceolate, subacute, up to 5 lin. long ; pedicels very slender, 3-5 lin.
long. Calyx campanulate, at length rather wide at the mouth, 4 lin.
long, with a ring of small glands at the very base; lobes porrect,
rotundate, very broad, about as long as the tube. Corolla-tube much
constricted at the middle and towards the mouth, 4J-5 lin. long, shghtly

Voacauga.] i.xxxiv. APocYXACE.t: (stapf). 101

twisted at the middle, tomentose just below the stamens, otherwise
glabrous within ; lobes broad - o bo vat e, reflexed, 2 lin. long. Stamens
inserted above the middle ; anthers '2 lin. long, tips just exceeding the
mouth, tails moderately long. Disc surrounding the ovary to about
half its height, thick, fleshy, free. Style 8 lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Siorra J>e<)ne : Bagru River, Mann, 858 !

Var. /3 laticeolata, Stapf. Leaves on tlie whole narrower tliau iu tlie tyju',
1-1.^ in. hroad; secondary nerves 7-11 on each side; petiole ^ to over 1 in. lon^r.
Flowers slightly larger than in the type; corolla-tul)e oh-Qh lin. long, yellow ; lobes
2-3 lin. long, violet-brown, darker at the base. — /'. hracieata, K. Schuni, in Engl.
Jahrh. xxiii. 226.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yannde, Z^w^er, 1 87 ! 694b! \V\\>\wi\e, Zenker,
870!

Jmperfectly known species.

14. V. Boehmii, K. Schimi. in Enyl. PJi. Osi-Afr. C. ol7. A
shrub ; branches moderately stout. Leaves rhomboid or elliptic, acute,
attenuate at the base, glabrous above, puberulous on the nerves
beneath ; petiole short. Panicle dichotomous, divaricate, few-flowered.
Calyx-lobes reflexed. Corolla white, scarcely 10 lin. in diam., smelling
like glue. Stamens completely included.

XVXozamb. Ulst. German East Africa : Kavinda (Kawendi ?), 5oeA)«, 37a !
See the note under 7, 7'. lutescens.

15. V. densiflora, K. Schimi. ex Enyl. in Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss.
Berlin^ xvi. (I'JUO), 107 {naiiie only).

XWEozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Ulngnru ; Manga Valley, in Tana
district, 2000 ft., collector not mentioned.

1(3. V. (?) dichotoma, K. Schum. in Enyl. Pji. Ost-Afr. C. ol7. A
tree about (>0 ft. high, with a regularly dichotomously branched rounded
top and glabrous, stout branches. Leaves oblong or subobovate-oblong,
shortly and obtusely acuminate, attenuate at the base, glabrous ; secon-
dary nerves 11-14 on each side; petioles short; axillary stipules
present. Corolla white, fragrant ; tube fleshy, somewhat inflated,
straight, 1\ lin. long; lobes 15 lin. long, membranous. Stamens
included. Berries almost as large as those of Conopharynyia Jfolstii,
softening and dehiscing after falling.

Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro; Kiboso, Tolkens, MWH,
Marangu, T^olkens, 2076.

I suspect this is a Conopharynyia , near C. usamharensis.

28. HOLARBHENA, R.Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 70S.

Calyx small, herbaceous, eglandular within or with 2-5 glands
alternating with the sepals ; sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate or almost subu-
late. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube slightly widened below the middle,
mouth naked; lobes 5, oblong, overlapping to the right, tips not
inflexed in bud. Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla-tube ;

162 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [^Uolan'hena.

anthers conniving in ;i cone, more or less coherent by their tips,
included, free from the stigma, linear, apiculate or mucronate, the
outer half of each cell decurrent (sometimes minutely) on and adnate
to the base of the glabrous connective, adnate tips empty ; filaments
short, filiform, with a hairy vSwelling at their base running out into a
slender filamental ridge. Disc 0. Carpels 2, free ; style very short,
filiform ; stigma below the anthers, ellipsoid to fusiform, entire, viscous
and more or less agglutinated to the hairy swellings at the base of the
filaments ; ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Mericarps follicular, divari-
cate, slender, terete, usually curved. Seeds oblong or linear, semi-
terete, grooved on the flat (ventral) side, with a tuft of reddish hairs at
the apex ; endosperm scanty ; cotyledons foliaceous, complicate ; radicle
short. — Deciduous trees or shrubs, glabrous or more or less hairy. Leaves
opposite or partly subopposite, herbaceous ; secondary nerves rather
distant ; petioles glandular towards the base ; stipules 0. Corymbs
many-flowered, terminal or pseudo-axillary; flowers white, fragrant.
Species 7 ; 5 in tropical Africa, 2 in India.
Sepals subulate, 3-5 lin. long . . . . .1. H.fehrifurfa.

Sepals ovate to lanceolate, ^-1| lin. long.

Corolla 14^15 lin. long . . . . . . 2. H. congolensis.

Corolla 5-8 lin. long.

Young leaves and branches pubescent . . .3. H. orata.

Voung leaves and branches (juite glabrous or the
leaves sometimes with a fringe of minute
hairs in some of the ner\'e-axil8.
Calyx 1-1^ lin. long, densely greyish-puberulous
like the whole inflorescence; anther-cells
distinctly decurrent on the filament . . 4. ff. africana.

Calyx |-1 lin. long, ciliolate, otherwise glabrous
or loosely (rarely densely) puberulous like
the whole inflorescence ; anther-cells ob-
scurely decurrent on the filament , . %>. H. Wvlfsherriii.

]. H. febrifuga, Klotzsch in Peters, Beise Mossamh. Bot. 277. A
small tree, up to 25 ft. high ; young branches generally more or less
pubescent or tomentose, later on glabrescent, rarely glabrous from the
beginning, terete, brown, copiously dotted with lenticels. Leaves
elliptic or oblong, rarely ovate or roundish, obtuse, shortly acuminate or
acute, rounded or acute at the base, 2-G in. long, 1 J-3 in. broad, hairy
on both sides, often tomentose beneath, or glabrescent or quite glab-
rous ; secondary nerves 8-14 on each side ; veins in glabrous specimens
sometimes distinct; petioles 2-?/ lin. long. Corymbs pubescent to
almost villous, rarely glabrous ; peduncle about o lin. or less long ;
pedicels up to 5 lin. long. Calyx 3-5 lin. long, pubescent, rarely glab-
rous ; sepals subulate, the inner with 1 or 2 small basal glands within.
Corolla-tube puberulous, rarely glabrous without, about G-8 lin. long ;
lobes oblong or obovate-oblong, as long as the tube or slightly shorter.
Anthers slightly over J lin. long, decurrent tips very slender, about
}^-\ the length of the polliniferous part of the anther-cell. Follicles
very slender, more or less constricted between the seeds, 10-12 in.

JIolarrhena.\ lxxxiv. APOCYXACEiE (staff). 16:>

long. Seeds 7-9 lin. long, coma \\ in. long. — Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A.
3o, 7G ; K. Schum. in Engl. I.e. C. olf), and in Engl, k PrantI,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii, 137. H. tettensis, Klotzsch, I.e. 278. //. glabra.
Klotzsch, I.e. 279. IT. Fisckeri, K. 8chum. in Engl. I.e. olO, and in
Engl, ct Prantl, I.e.

Soutli Central. Congo Free State : Katanga; Lukofu, Ver dick, 27 \
Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Uhoka ?, Lake Victoria, Stithlmann,
740! Usambara ; Masheua, Hoist, 8837 ! Usammo ; Kisangiie^ 1000 ft., Goetzc
36 ! Kingani River, StiMmann, 6579 ! Dilangita, Stuhlmann, 6630 ! Diiidu
(Dunda ?), Stuhlmann, 6413 ! Klmtu ; Mbwiga, 1300-1500 ft., Speke Sf Grant !
IJnyamwezi ; Usuri, i^wc//er, 378 ! Lutanda {\a\\\.\\h{\ ?), Fischer, 376! Ulugurn
A\%tvict, Stuhlmann! Ndalapori, Trotha ! Portuguese East Africa: Morambala
Mountain, up to 3000 ft., W^aZZer .' Sena, JSTiV-t / Tete, Peters f Kirk / British
Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Stevenson Koad, 4000-5000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 8419 1
Blantyre, Buchanan, 32 Manganja Hills, 1000-3000 ft., Meller ! Mount Malosa,
Whyte ! Zomba, Whyte, 89! Lake Sliirwa, JlfcC/o?mi>, 70! Namasi, Cameron.
4 ! and without precipe locality, BncJianan^ 484 ! 1114 !

The specimens collected by Speke and Grant and by Scott-Elliot represent n
jjcrfectly glabrous state and have eglandular calyces {H. fehrifuya, var. glabra,
Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 108); but they differ in no other point from the
typical form; on the other hand, Fischer, 378, has densely tomentose leaves. H.
febrifuga is the " Quina" of the Portuguese of Mozambique and used as a tonic and
febrifuge. It is mentioned and figured under the native name Kumbanzo in
Livingstone, Miss. Trav. 648,

2. H. congolensiSy Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1808, 30(5. A small
tree, up to 12 ft. high ; branches drying black, rough with lenticels,
sometimes minutely puberulous when quite young, otherwise glabrous.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse or obscurely acuminate, rounded at the
base, i)-4 in. long, lf-2 in. broad, papery, glabrous or minutely puberu-
lous along the midrib ; secondary nerves 7-0 on each side ; veins
delicately anastomosing, distinct below ; petiole up to 4 lin. long.
Corymbs pseudo-lateral, subsessile on short leafy branches, many-
flowered, sparingly and minutely puberulous; pedicels l-?> lin. long,
slender. Calyx 1-1 J lin.- long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
minutely ciliolate, eglandular. Corolla-tube slender, very minutely
puberulous, 0 lin. long ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 8-0 lin. long. Anthers
linear, apiculate, about 1 lin. long ; cells shortly decurrent ; filaments
^ lin. long. — Stapf in De Wild, k Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. :)7 ;
De Wild, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 ser. i. ;>»").

^ower Guinea. Lower Congo : savannahs between Tchoa ami Koma, Cabra,
3 ! Kisantu, Gillet, 155!

:>. H. ovata, A. DC. Prod. viii. 414. Young branches pubescent,
at length glabrescent, terete, dark reddish-brown or black. Leaves
ovate to ovate-oblong, more or less acuminate or obtuse, acute at the
base, ?)-4 in. long, lJ-1 j in. broad, softly hairy on both sides when
young, at length glabrous above ; secondary nerves 8-10 on each side ;
petiole 1-2 lin. long. Corymbs shortly peduncled or subsessile, pseudo-
lateral, usually 2 on short leafy branches, semiglobose, loose or dense,
2 in. in diam., spreadingly pubescent; peduncles 1-4 lin. long; pedicels
slender, 1-3 lin. long. Calyx densely pubescent, 1 lin. long ; sepals

](;4 hxxxiv. Aroc'YNACE.e (staff). yjlolarrhena.

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subacute, the inner two with 2-1 gland near
the base. Corolla puberulous without ; tube 3 J-41 lin. long ; lobes
slightly shorter than the tube. Anthers apiculate, | lin. long, cells very
shortly decurrent. Follicles up to IJ ft. long. Seeds lanceolate, 5A lin.
long, coma 2 in. long.— Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 450 ; K. Schum. in
Engl, k, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. lo8.

Upper Guinea, (jambia : banks of the Gambia, Ozanne, 9 ! and without
precise locaHty, -firow/t ii5/t?r / Whitfield! French Guinea : ^lo'KwwQZ, Hendelof ,
795! (1795 according to l)c Candollc).

4. H. africana, A. DC. Prod. viii. 414. A shrub or small tree;
young branches glabrous, rarely very sparingly pubescent, blackish
when dry, older ones paler, with numerous conspicuous lenticels, terete.
Leaves ovate to oblong, acuminate to subobtuse, acute or subacute at
the base, 2-;H in. long, IJ-lJ in. broad, always quite glabrous;
secondary nerves 8-10 on each side; petiole "l-'lh lin. long. Corymbs
terminal on short lateral few-leaved or leafless shoots, sometimes over-
topped by a young long shoot, subsessile, dense, 1 i-2 in. in diam.,
minutely greyish pubescent to minutely tomentose ; peduncle 1-2 in.
long ; pedicels slender, 1-4 lin. long. Calyx greyish pubescent to
tomentose, 1-1 2 lin. long, eglandular; sepals ovate-lanceolate, subacute.
Corolla puberulous without ; tube 3-4 lin. long ; lobes slightly shorter
than the tube. Anthers bluntly apiculate ; decurrent cell-tips over

\ lin. long; filaments \ lin. long. Follicles 12 in. long. Seeds oblong,
somewhat beaked, 4J lin. long; coma lJ-2 in. long. — Benth. in Hook.

Niger Fl. 450 ; K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. loH ;

Morris in Kew Bulletin, 1896, 47-49 partly. Rondeletia florihunda,

G. Don, Gen. Syst. iii. 516.

Upper Guinea. French Guinea : Bayabaya, by the River Scarcies, Scott-ElUot,

4290 ! near Laya, Scott-Elliot, 4469 ! Sierra Leone : Bagru River, Mann, 884 !

Falaba, S cott- Elliot , 5180 ! and without precise locality, Afzelius! Don ! Barter !
H . fi,orihunda — a name adopted by Durand & Schinz (Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 190)

and K. Schum. (in Durand & De Wild, in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 122) for

K. africana — from the lower Congo is very likely H. congolensis. It is stated to

have been collected by Laurent on the caravan routes on the lower Congo.

5. H. Wulfsbergii, Stapf. A middle-sized tree with slender,
somewhat nodding branches; young branches drying black, glabrous,
ultimately dotted with numerous pale lenticels. Leaves elliptic or
elliptic-oblong, rarely ovate, more or less broadly and shortly acuminate,
rarely subobtuse, 3-5 in. long, 1 J-2j in. broad, membranous, glabrous
or sometimes with short white hairs in some of the nerve-axils below ;
secondary nerves 8-11 on each side; petiole slender, 1J-2J lin. long.
Corymbs subsessile, dense, semiglobose, 1-2-2 J in. in diam., terminal on
very short, often (at the time of flowering) leafless branchlets or over-
topped by a young shoot from the axil of the uppermost leaf, and then
pseudo-lateral, more or less finely puberulous ; peduncle up to 2 lin.
long ; pedicels slender, up to 4 lin. long. Calyx sparingly or more or
less densely minutely tomentose, eglandular within ; sepals ovate, sub-
acute, ^-1 lin. long. Corolla glabrous or more or less puberulous with-

Ilolarrhena.] lxxxiv. apocynace.e (stapf). 165

out, white, fragrant ; tube 3^-4 lin. long, very slender ; lobes obovate-
oblong, 2-2 J lin. long. Anthers mucronulate, over i lin. long ; basal
tips of cells very short, scarcely decurrent; filanTent \ lin. long.
Follicles up to more than 12 in. long. Seeds linear-oblong, slightly
narrowed at the upper end, G lin. long or slightly longer, hair-tuft
2J, in. long. — IL africana, Wulfsberg, Holarrh. Afr. Inaug. Diss, with
plates ; L. Planchon, Prod. Apoc. 185 ; Morris in Kew Bulletin, 189."),
245; 18Dt;, 47-49 partly; K. Schum. in Schlechter, Westafr. Kaut-
schuk-Exped. 30(5.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Aburi, Brown^ 682 1 Kwi\\\\\, Johnson, 654!
Accra, Hornherger (ex Wiilfsherg) ; and without precise locality. Brown, 326 !
Togo: Badja, Schlechter, 12969; Waya, Hornberger (ex Witlfsherg) ; Agatineo,
near the Todjie River, Merz (ex Wulfsberg). Lagos: Ilaro, Mill en, 112! 114!
Abeokuta, Irving ! Barter, 3334 ! Ikorodu, SchlecfUer, 12296. Ibadan Forest
reserve. Punch ! and without precise locality, Denton ! Moloneg ! Rowland !

This species yields, according to Wulfsberg, a valuable antidote against dysentery.
Vernacular name on the (lold Coast Kronii or Ghomi, in Lagos Ireno or male Ire.
It is very like H. africana; but the inflorescence is usually less hairy, the calyx
distinctly smaller, the flowers more slender with a slightly smaller limb, and scarcely
decurrent basal anther i)oints.

29. PLEIOCERAS, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 759.

Calyx small ; sepals 5, free or almost free, obtuse, imbricate,
alternating with scale-like glands. Corolla salver-shaped; tube cylin-
dric, short, with numerous variously shaped appendages in the mouth ;
lobes overlapping to the left, obtuse. Stamens inserted in the mouth
of the corolla ; anthers conniving in a cone, exserted, lanceolate, acute,
sagittate ; wings rather thin with thick incurved margins ; tails
slender, long, incurved ; foot of connective rather flat, with a decurrent
dense tuft of hairs in the centre ; filaments distinct, filiform, passing
into long slender slightly projecting ridges on the corolla-tube. Disc
0. Carpels 2, free; style filiform ; stigma capitate with a small basal
frill and a minute cleft tip agglutinated to the hair-tuft of the anthers.
Ovules pluriseriate, numerous. Follicles cylindric, slender, subparallel.
Seeds spindle-shaped, covered all over with long soft silky hairs,
densest at the base ; endosperm fleshy, scanty ; cotyledons convolute ;
radicle short. — Shrubs with slender branches. Leaves herbaceous,
opposite, with distant nerves ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands
minute, subulate, very scanty. Flowers small, in terminal minutely
bracteate many-flowered panicles.

Species 3, endemic.

Pleioceras is closely allied to Wrightia, of which I know only one sjH'cics from
Africa (Natal). It differs in the small flowers and the seeds, which liave not a dis-
tinct basal tuft of hairs, but are covered all over with long silky soft hairs, which
are densest at and near the base. The hairs are, in the follicle, directed townrds
the apex.

Corolla-scales 10, 5 opposite to and 5 alternate with
the lobes, all from the mouth.
Scales ciliate ; pedicels up to 10 lin. long . .1. F. Afzeiii.

Scales glabrous ; pedicels up to 5 lin. long . . 2. P. Barteri.

166 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Pleicceras.

Corolla-scaies 5, oi>j)ositc to the lobes.

Corolla-tube as long as the lobes ; scales from the
mouth, thin, linear, 2-lid or 2-horned at the
apex ; one pair of filiform appendages on each
side of each stamen . . . . . 3. P. Zenkeri.

Corolla-tube scarcely half as long as the lobes; scales
from the lobes somewhat above the mouth,
fleshy, subcjuadrate ; a solitary filifonn appen-
dage on each side of each stamen . . . 4. P. GiUeiii.

1 . P. Afzelii, StapJ. A shrub ; young branches glabrous,
chestnut-brown, dotted with numerous lenticels. Leaves oblong,
shortly and obtusely acuminate, or sometimes subrostrate, 3|-'^)J in.
long, 1-1 -4- in. broad, glabrous, subcoriaceous ; secondary nerves (i-7 on
each side ; petiole scarcely 2i- lin. long. Panicle elongate, lax, glabrous ;
ihachis and branches much compressed ; bracts and bracteoles minute ;
pedicels up to 10 lin. long. Calyx glabrous ; sepals ovate, acute, l-lj^
lin. long, with a flattened gland at the base. Corolla minutely
papillose without ; tube 'lit lin. long ; lobes obtuse, rather broad, up to
:> lin. long ; episepalous scales very short, ciliate ; epipetalous scales
broad, hairy, with bifid tips ; a pair of filiform, more or less divided
appendages on each side of each stamen. Anthers 2 lin. long. — Wriyhtia
Afzelii, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 2ol.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone (?), Afzelius.

2. P. Barter!, Baill. in Ball. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 759. A shrub,
8 ft. high ; young branches greyish pubescent or subtomentose, ulti-
mately glabrescent, rarely glabrous, reddish- brown, dotted with small
whitish lenticels. Leaves oblong, acuminate, shortly acute or
rounded at the base, l^-o in. long, |-2 in. broad > glabrous above,
minutely pubescent to subtomentose below; secondary nerves C-10 on
each side ; petiole up to 3 lin. long. Panicles contracted or at length
lax, pubescent to subtomentose, rarely almost glabrous ; peduncle ^-l^
in. long ; bracts small, lanceolate or subulate, deciduous ; pedicels very
slender, up to 5 lin. long. Calyx | lin. long ; segments roundish; intra-
caAycular glands flat, large. Corolla orange-coloured or yellowish,
papillosely pubescent without ; tube 2 lin. long ; lobes ovate-oblong,
obtuse, as long or almost as long as the tube; episepalous scales thin,
small, bifid or entire, glabrous ; epipetalous scales thin, subquadrate,
2-8-horned, glabrous ; a pair of filiform, more* or less divided
appendages on each side of each stamen. Anthers over J lin. long.
Follicles up to 1 J ft. long ; seeds greenish, 6 lin. long. — K. Schum.
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 186. Wrightia parvijiora,
Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 121 ; Oliver in Hook. Ic. PI. 284.-> ; K.
Schum. in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. ?>i)%.

Upper Guinea. Lagos : Eppah, Barter, 3278 ! Oglessa, Millen, 192 ! near
Lagos, Barter, 20170 ! Moloney ! Roicland, 57 ! Millen, 177 ! Yoruba, Millsou, 4 !
Ishagamo, Schlechter, 13008. South Nigeria : Adiabo, near Old Calabar, Holland, 86 1

^^ P. Zenker!, Stapf. Young branches glabrous, chestnut-
brown, at length dotted with numerous small lenticels. Leaves oblong

Pleioceras.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 1(J7

to subovate, acuminate (often abruptly), rounded or acute at the base,
^^-6 in. long, H--i in. broad, glabrous except t\\e delicately and
minutely tomentose nerves below ; secondary nerves G-O on each side ;
petiole up to 2 lin. long. Panicle short, wide, greyish, minutely tomen-
tose when young, at length glabrescent, branches spreading ; peduncle
up to Ih in. long; bracts small, lanceolate or subulate; pedicels
slender, up to 2 lin. long. Calyx scarcely 1 lin. long ; sepals broad-
ovate, rounded, minutely tomentose; intracalycular glands small.
Corolla papillosely-pubescent without; tube 1 J lin. long ; lobes ovate-
oblong, obtuse ; episepalous scales replaced by a minute tubercle ;
epipetalous scales thin, linear, 2-horned, glabrous ; a pair of filiform,
more or less divided appendages on each side of each stamen. Anthers
j lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Cauieroons : Bipiiide, Zenker, 1204a ! 1224 ! 1954 ! 23U7 !

4 P. Gilletiiy Stwpf. Flowering branches scaberulous, at length
rough with numerous small prominent lenticels. Leaves oblong or
elliptic-oblong, shortly and acutely acuminate, acute or subacute at the
base, about o in. long, 1 J in. broad, subcoriaceous, glabrous, dull green ;
secondary nerves r)-G on each side, faint ; petiole 2-3 lin. long.
Panicles many-flowered, densely and minutely hispidulous; peduncle
about .V in. long ; bracts minute, ovate, acute ; pedicels up to 1 lin.
long. Calyx 1 lin. long, puberulous ; sepals broad-oblong, obtuse,
margins hyaline, ciliolate. Corolla very finely papillose without ; tube
slightly over 1 lin. long ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 2 J lin. long, each with a
fleshy subquadrate scale above the base ; episepalous scales ( > ; a solitary
filiform appendage on each side of each stamen, about 2 lin. long,
divided into 3-4 fine clavellate segments. Staminal column over 1
lin. long ; filaments as long as the anthers. Ovary glabrous.

Xio^irer Guinea. Lower Congo : Kisantu, Qillef, 537 !

Planchoii described (Prod. Apocyu. 108-110) the follicles and seeds of a plant
c-ollected hy Ballay in Gaboon and snpposed to be a Wrifjhiia. The follicles are
said to reach more than 2 ft. in length, and to be slender, brown or blackish, striate
without, yellow within ; the seeds are described as being lanceolate, acute at the
base, attenuate at the apex into a plumose awn about 5 lin. long, imle brown and
prominently striate, enclosing a scanty endosi)erm and an embryo, the cotyledonn
of which are complicate and S shaped in cross section. The presence of a plumose
terminal awn excludes this plant from Phioceras as well as from Wright in, and
the folding of the cotyledons from Strophantluis.

30. STHOPHANTHUS, DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 714.

Calyx middle-sized to large, herbaceous, rarely scnrious, with few to
many glands at the base within; sepals T), imbricate, sometimes foli-
aceous. Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate with a short or long
cylindric basal tube ; mouth with paiied appemlages alternating with
the lobes ; lobes 5, acuminate or produc-ed into very long filiform tails,

108 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE/E (stapf). [Strophauthus,

rarely obtuse. Stamens inserted at the upper end of the cylindric
portion of the corolla- tube ; anthers conniving in a cone and projecting
into the widened part of the tube, lanceolate, acuminate or sometimes
produced into a long bristle, sagittate ; wings long, firm, obtusely
edged ; tails short ; foot of connective with a central tuft of closely
packed hairs in the upper part and a more or less hairy longitudinal
crest below it ; filaments distinct but short, filiform, passing into a
prominent, more or less hairy ridge decurrent on the corolla-tube.
Disc 0. Carpels 2, free ; style filiform ; stigma capitate, 5-grooved,
with a membranous reflexed frill at the base, and a minutely bifid
apiculus ; ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Mericarps follicular, oblong
or spindle-shaped, divaricate. Seeds spindle-shaped, slightly com-
pressed, with an apical plumose awn and a deciduous basal coma ; endo-
sperm scanty, fleshy : cotyledons oblong, plano-convex ; radicle short. —
Shrubs, often scandent, glabrous or more or less hairy, with persistent
or deciduous foliage. Leaves opposite, rarely ternate ; axillary stipules
U ; axillary glands subulate or conical, 2-0, rarely more, at the base of
each petiole. Inflorescences terminal, often on the ends of short
branches, corymbose, many- or few-flowered or reduced to solitary
flowers ; flowers mostly showy.

Species about 40 in tropical and South Africa and troi)icHl Asia.
All elaborate bibliograpbical index of the papers bearing on Strophanthus may
be found in Payrau, Strophanthus, (1900), 165-173.

*RouPELLiA. — Sepals scarious ; corolla-lobes obtuse or acute, never tailed ; anther-
tips produced into a fine awn, about 5 lin. long; seeds glabi-ous.

Sepals and corolla -lobes obtuse . . . . 1. S. gratiis.

Se])als and coroUa-lobes acute 2. S. ThoUoni.

**EusTROPHANTHUS. — Sepals herbaceous ; corolla-lobes produced into long narrow
tails, rarely not caudate {^S. Courmonti and iS". ecandatus) ; anther-ti])s acute,
inucronate or produced into a short awn, up to 3 ^- lin. long ; seeds more or less
hairy.

fCylindric infi-a-staininal part of the corolla-tube about as long as the cami)anulate
or cupular supra-staminal part or longer.

Leaves more or less hispid or tomentose, rarely pubes-
cent.
Leatless when in fiower.

Leaves acuminate ; flowers in terminal cymes,
distinctly ])edi celled.
Branches and leaves softly pubescent . . ^. S. Ledienii.

Branches and leaves densely tomentose . . 4. /S'. holosericeus.

Leaves obtuse, tomentose ; flowers in clusters or
solitary on very short branchlets, very shortly
pedi celled or sessile.
Bracts and sei)als broad, ovate; corolla-tube

over 1 in. long o, S. Emini.

Bracts and sepals linear; corolla-tube 5 lin.

long . . . . . . . Q. S. Nicholsoni.

Leaves produced with the flowers.

Very hispid; corolla-tails 4-7 times longer than
the tube; anthers included.
Sepals conspicuously shorter than the corolla-
tube . . . . . . . 1. S. Komhe,

Strophanthus.^ lxxxiv. apocyxace^ (staff). 169

Sepals as \ox\^ as the t'orolla-tube or longer , 8. S. hispulus.
liather tinely and on the whole more simringly
liis})id ; corolla-tails not more than twice the
length of tlie tube; anthers exceeding the
shallow throat . . . . . . 9. 6'. huUenianvs.

Leaves minutely scahridulous or quite glabrous.
Inflorescence distinctly pubescent.

Leaves scahridulous . . . . . . 10. aS'. gracilis.

Leaves quite glabrous.

Sepals (at least the outer) with a broad base . 11. S. Preiissii.
Sepals narrow, oblong-spathulate . . .12. S. Barteri.

Inflorescence quite glabrous, like the whole plant
(the pedicels rarely slightly pubescent in S. par-
viflorns).
Calyx 5-6 lin. long ; corolla-tube 6-7] lin. long.
Sepals very broad at the base ; supra-staininal
])art of the corolla-tube campanulate;
corolla-tails 4—42 ^"' l^^'^^ • • • l'^* ^- hracteatus.

Sepals mirrow ; supra-staminal i)art of the
corolla-tube cupular; corolla-tails about
i-2 in. long
Leaves with 7-9 distinctly i)rorainent

secondary nerves on each side . . 14. S. erythroleucus.

Leaves with 5-6 faint secondary nerves on

each side ...... 15. S. parvfjforus.

Calyx 2A-4 lin. long ; corolla-tube 3-3| lin. long.
Calyx 2i lin. long; leaves with 4 secondary

nerves on each side .... 16. S. arnoldianus.

Calyx 3^-4 lin. long; leaves with 11-12

secondary nerves on each side . . 17. S. xvildem^nianus.

) (Cylindric infra-staminal part of the corolla-tube much shorter than the widely
tubular, campanulate or funnel-shaped supra-staminal part.
Corolla-tube 1 in. long or more, rarely smaller, svipra-
staminal part widely campanulate or funnel-shaped.
Corolla-lobes tailed.

Flowers generally on short leafless branches,

rarely together with quite young leaves . 18. S. sarmenfosvft.
Flowers produced with the leaves.

Leaves often ternate; corolla-tails very short . 19. S. ogovensis.
Leaves opjwsite ; corolla-tails long.

Sepals subulate-acuminate ; corolla-tube 9-
13 lin. L)ng; lobes inclusive of the tails

4^-5 in. long 2.0. S. verrucosus.

Sepals lanceolate, acute ; corolla-tube 7 lin.
long; lobes inclusive of the tails 2-3

in. long 21. S. peiersianvs.

Corolla-lobes not tailed.

Corolla (inclusive of the lobes) 3 in. long; throat

scales short 22. S. £:ourmonfi.

Corolla (inclusive of the lobes) 1.^, in. long ; throat

scales filiform, up to 7 lin.'long . . ^ . 23. S. ecaudafus.
Corolla-tube 6-10 lin. long, supra-staminal part widely
tubular or narrowly funnel-shaped.
Leaves softly tomentose 24. 5. Schvchardti.

170 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.*: (sTArp). [Strophanthu.s.

Leaves glabrous.

Leaves thin, usually 3-4 in. lonjf; corolla
minutely puherulons without.
Cymes ])e(luncled; corolla inclusive of the tails

H-2 in. long; tails 1-J.] in. l(Hig . . 25. S. JDemeusei.

Cymes suhsessile ; corolla inclusive of the tails

2/, in. long; tails H-lf in. long . . 26. S. intermedins.

Jicaves firm, less than 3 in. long; corolla glahrous
without.
Jicaves 2A-3 in. long; corolla inclusive of the

tails 1^ in. long . . ... . 27. aS*. conr/oensi-s'.

Leaves li-l| in. long; corolla inclusive of the

tails 2t^-3 in. louir ..... 28. S. amboen.si.s.

1. S. gratus, Franch. in Journ. de Bot. vii. )VI\. A small glab-
rous tree or shrub ; branches reddish-brown or almost blacl;^ when dry,
<lotted with small lenticels. Leaves oblong, shortly acuminate, obtuse
or subacute at the base, 3-0 in. long, 2-'6 in. broad, coriaceous ; secon-
dary nerves about 7 on each side, subhorizontal, very distinct ; veins
generally inconspicuous ; petiole 3-6 lin. long. Cymes terminal, sessile,
few- to 12-flowered ; bracts ovate, acute, deciduous, 1^ lin. long;
pedicels rather stout, up to 4-G lin. long. Calyx r)-8 lin. long ; sepals
much imbricate, broad, oblong or obovate, scarious, rounded at the
apex. Corolla large, white, or tinged with pink ; tube funnel-shaped,
1 o- in. long ; lobes broad, obovate, ^-1 in. long; throat scales lanceo-
late-subulate, glabrous, purple, 5-G lin. long. Anthers al^out (1-7 lin.
long, tapering into a more or less exserted awn, about T) lin. long.
Ovary glabrous. Follicles obtusely acuminate, minutely lenticellate,
^^--15 in. long, 1 J-2 in. in diam. Seeds glabrous, lanceolate, 7J-.) Ihi.
long, 1-1 i- lin. broad; awn Ijf-^i- in. long, naked for about 8-10 lin. ;
hail's white, l^-2i in. long. — Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris,
3 ser. V. 25(1; and in Journ. de Bot. viii. 201-204; L. Planch. Prod.
Apocyn. 141 ; K. Schum. in Engl, ct Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 182;
Oilg in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. (53. S. stanlei/atma,
Hort. Angl. ex Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. t. 1(1. >S'. hispidns, Hardy k,
Oallois in Compt. Rend, lxxxiv. (1877), 2G1, not of A. P. DC. >V.
OuabaiOf Holmes in Pharm. Journ. xxi. (1800), 234. aS. glaher^ Cornu
ex Holmes, Pharm. Journ. xxiii. (181)3), 1)28. *S'. ylahre du Gahmi^
Blondel, Stroph. du Comm. 34 with fig. ; Arnaud in Compt. Rend,
cvii. 11C2; Pax in EngL Jahrb. xv. 384; Franchet, I.e., 258, t. 1);
Planchon, I.e. 64, 66, with plate, 61), fig. 10, 83 ; Franchet in Ball. See.
Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 4; Payrau, Strophanthus, 111-118, 161, with figs.
Roupellia grata, Wall. & Hook, ex Hook; in Bot. Mag. t. 4466 ; Benth.
in Hook. Niger Fl. 440 ; Van Houtte, Fl. Serr. vi. 181, t. 580 ; Lindi.
& Paxt. Fl. Gard. i, 71, fig. 46.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! WhUjield ! Gold Coast : Ashanti ;
near Aesin-Yan-Kumassi, Cummins, 44 1 55 ! Lagos, Millen, 174 I Rowland I
Niger Delta : Brass, ^jtrrows .' Cameroon s : Y^'\^\\\Ae, Zenker, 1\1H\ 1923!

TLo'wer Guinea. Gaboon: (ilass, near Libreville, Griffon dv Bellay (perlia)).s
cultivated ?).

Strophant?ius.\ lxxxiv. apocvxace.e (statf). 17 J

2. S. ThoUoni, Franch. in Joarn, de Bot. vii. 299. A glabrous
climbing shrub, up to 25 ft. high ; branches dark brown, almost desti-
tute of lenticels. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, acute or
acuminate at both ends, o-5 in. long, \l-'2]^ in. broad, coriaceous:
secondary nerves 5-7 on each side, faint ; veins inconspicuous ; petiole
2-3 lin. long. Cymes terminal, subsessile, 4-1 -flowered ; bracts ovate,
acute, 1 lin. long ; pedicels 2-o lin. long. Calyx 6-8 lin. long ; sepals
oblong, acute, much imbricate, scarious. Corolla large, white and pink,
changing to orange or crimson; tube funnel-shaped, 12-14 lin. long;
lobes ovate, acute or subacuminate, 9-12 lin. long; throat-scales subu-
late from a broader base, 9-12 lin. long, with scattered hairs. Anthers
about 7 lin. long, passing into a more or less exserted awn, about 5 lin.
long. Ovary glabrous. — Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, '\ ser. v.
257, t. viii. ; L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 6G ; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xxiii. 230.

ir|»per G-uinea. Cameroons : Rio del Rey, Johnston^ 44 I Cnmeroon Rivor.
Manri, 743 ! 2222 ! I.olodorf, Staudf, 14 ! Bipiiule, Zenker, 1 148 ! 2300 ! Ifetaii^'a,
Bates, 3j43 !

lOTxrer Guinea. Gahoon : Oj^owe District, r/^o^/ow, ] 762.

A part of the drug called IS. glahve du Oaho)i is possibly derived from tliis
sjjecies. See also Franchet in Journ. de Bot. viii. 203, and Payrau, Strophauthus,
115, 161.

3. S. \M^^e.n\\^ Stein in Gartenfiora.,t.\'l\\. A shrub ; branches
softly and sparingly pubescent when young, brown, leafless when in
flower. Leaves obovate, abruptly cuspidate, cuneate at the bai>e, 4-6 in.
long, l:|-2 in. broad, softly and finely pubescent on both sides. Cymes
sessile, terminal, 3-7-flowered ; peduncle 5-10 lin. long; bracts broadly
linear, acuminate, 4-5 lin. long, 1 lin. broad; pedicels 5-10 lin. long.
Calyx foliaceous, 7 lin. long ; sepals linear from an elliptic base, acute.
Corolla-tube pale yellow, 10 lin. long; lobes deep yellow, ovate, ^>-'f^ in.
long including tiie tails which are glabrous above, delicately pubescent
below ; throat-scales purple, 2^-oi- lin. long. Follicles 10 14 in. long,
slender, brown, mottled with yellow, coriaceous. Seeds oblong, brown,
shortly and finely tomentose ; awn 'Ih in. long, naked to the middle,
hairs about 10 lin. long. — Christy, New Comm. Plants and Drugs,
1887, '2>^ ; Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 36S, 383 ; Franch. in Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Paris, 3 ser. v. 270 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 182 ; Durand k Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 191 ; Gilg in Engl.
Jahrb. xxxii. 155.

Kower Guinea. Lower Conj^o : Vivi, on rocks. Ledien.

4. S. holosericeuSy K. Schum. <(• (Jilg in Engl. Jakrh. xxxii. 157.
An erect, divaricate shrub ; branches densely brownish-tomentose when
young. Young leaves oblong, long and acutely acuminate, gradually
narrowed at the base, 1 in. long, 7 lin. broad, densely tomentose on
both sides, grey below; petiole 1-1 J lin. long. Cymes terminal, 2-
flowered ; pedicels densely tomentose, 5-6 lin. long. Calyx den.sely
tomentose, 6-6 J lin. long; sepals equal, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate,
acute. Corolla-tube densely and finely tomentose without, infra-

172 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [^Strophantkus .

staminal part 7^ lin. long, 2 lin. wide, supra-staminal part gradually
widened, 1-1|^ lin. long; lobes long-tailed from a triangular base,
densely hairy on both sides ; tails very slender, over 4 in. long, J- J lin.
broad; throat-scales ovate -linear, glabrous. Anther-tips slightly ex-
serted, acute. Ovary long and densely tomentose.

Soutii Central. Congo Free State : Mzimu, on Lake Tanganyika, Descamjjs;

Gilg eoni))ares this s))ecies with *S'. Nicholsoni, Hohnes ; the description of the
tiowers seems to ine to point rather to S. Ledienii.

5. S. Emiui, Asch. cC- Pax in Enyl. Jahrh. xv. 3GG, 383, it. x. xi.
A rambling shrub, up to 12-15 ft. high; branches tomentose when
young, glabrescent, greyish- brown. Leaves broad ovate, or elliptic,
obtuse or acute, rounded or acute at the base, 4 in. long, 3 in. broad,
subcoriaceous, pubescent above, tomentose beneath ; secondary nerves
7-4) on each side, distinct below ; veins more or less obscured by the
tomentum ; petiole np to 2{, lin. long. Flowers in sessile lateral and
terminal clusters on leafless elongate branches; bracts broad, ovate,
pubescent, 2-3 lin. long ; pedicels very short or almost 0. Calyx
foliaceous, 5 lin. long, densely pubescent ; sepals ovate, obtuse, with the
tips more or less recurved. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, pubescent
without, infra-staminal part 7 lin. long, supra-staminal part slightly
shorter; lobes long-tailed from an ovate base; tails 3-4 in. long;
throat-scales 3-3-^ lin. long. Anthers included, acute. Ovary hispid,
Follicles JS-12 in. long, woody, shaggy from closely set cylindric villous
warts, greyish. Seeds oblong, golden-silky, IJ lin. long, J lin. broad;
awn naked for 8-9 lin., with the hairs up to 2J in. long. — Franch. in
Xouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 ser. v. (1893), 275; K. Schum. in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 182, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 319,
Engl. I.e. A. 50; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 453; Busse in
Tropenpfl, iv. (1900), 59G, 597,.v. (1901), lOG ; Holmes in Pharm. Journ.
xii. (1901), 487 ; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 155. S. Fischeri, Hartwich
in Arch. Pharm. Bd. 230, 421. >y. Stuhlmanni, Pax in Ber. Deutsch.
Pharm. Ges. iii. 44.

XViozaiab. Sist. German East Africa : Irangi district, Fischer, 382 ! Ugogo;
Ipala, Si iihlmann, 354 ; Mpwapwa, Stuhlmann, 263. Ruaha Rivei", 2000 ft.,
Goeize, 455 ! British Central Africa : Urungu ; Abercoru and Kituta, ex Holmes.

G. S. Nicholsoni, Holmes in Pharm. Jcrnrn. v. (1897) 209. A
small shrub, 3-4 ft. high, with the habit of Ribes sanguineum ; branches
densely tomentose when young, at length glabrous, greyish -brown.
Young leaves ovate, obtuse, about 5 lin. long, densely velvety, greyish ;
petioles very short. Flowers in few-flowered clusters or solitary on
\ ery short branchlets along the leafless branches of last year's growth ;
bracts linear ; pedicels ver}- short. Calyx 3-3| lin. long ; sepals erect,
unequal, linear, acute. . Corolla pubescent all over; infra-staminal part
of the tube 3 lili. long, supra-staminal part funnel-shaped, over 2 lin.
long, yellow with dark purple lines and spots ; lobes ovate-lanceolate,
pinkish, tinged with brown, about 4-4 ^ lin. long, passing into purplish
tails up to 2^-4 in. long; throat-scales obtuse, 1 lin. long. Anthers and

Strophanihus.] lxxxiv. apocynace.e (stapf). 17;j

filaments glabrous. Ovary hairy. Follicles purple, lenticellate, 5.1-0
in. long. Seeds oblong, 7 lin. long, -Jh lin. broad, velvety, brownish-
white ; awn naked for almost 2 in., then plumose for 2^ in. — Payniu,
Strophanthus, 13?>; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 154.

XVEozamb* IDlst. British Central Africa : from Lusengasia in tlic Seiiga
Country to the upper Loangwa River, Nicholson !

7. S. Kombe, Oliv. in Hook, Ic. PL t. 1098. A rambling or
climbing shrub ; branches hispid tomentose when young, glabrescent,
ultimately grey or black, scabrid, dotted with large white lenticels,
rather stout. Leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, acute or apiculate, obtuse
at the base, 3-3 J in. long, 1|-2| in. broad, rather thick, densely and
coarsely tomentose on both sides when young, glabrescent and scabrid
above when mature; nerves 6-7 on each side, rather oblique; veins
rather distinct below; petiole very short. Cymes terminal on short
branches with the young leaves (sometimes before the leaves), few-
flowered, hispid ; peduncle very short ; bracts subulate, 3 lin. long ;
pedicels slender, 3-5 lin. long. Calyx hispid-tomentose, 5-7 lin. long ;
sepals lanceolate-linear or linear-subulate, slightly imbricate at the base.
Corolla yellowish- white, pubescent without, infra- starninal part 3-4 lin.
long, supra-staminal part campanulate or shortly funnel-shaped, 3-4
lin. long; lobes produced into a long tail from an ovate base ; tails o-o
in. long ; throat-scales very short, obtuse, densely papillose. Anthers
included, acute, 2 J in. long. Follicles spreading at right angles, tapering
from below the middle, 9-15 in. long, up to 1 in. thick. Seeds lanceo-
late- to elliptic-oblong, drab to fawn-coloured, silky, 7-9 lin. long ; awn
naked for 2 in., including the hairs 5-6 in. long. — Fraser in Journ.
Anat. and Physiol, vii. 142 in footnote ; Christy, New Comm. Plants
and Drugs, No. 9 (1886), 53-61, No. 10 (1887), 9, 10, fig. 3, 14-15,
No. 11 (1887), 14; Elborne in Pharm. Journ. xvii. 743-747 ; Gerrard
in Pharm. Journ. xvii. 923 ; Blondel, Stroph. du Comm. 38, and in Brit,
and Colon. Druggist (1888), 590, with fig. ; Buchanan in Pharm. Journ.
xviii. 748 ; Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 366, 383, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr.
B. 515, 520; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. IX'J,
and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 319 ; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris,
3 ser. V. 273 ; L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 49, 53, fig. 6, 54, fig. 7, ^>(j, tig. 8,
82; Perredes in Pharm. Journ. xi. (1900), 241-246, 270, figs. 1-59;
Hartwich, Neue Arzneidrog. 323; Brit. Pharmacop. (1898), 313:
White ife Humphrey, Pharmacop. 471, t. xliii., figs. 2, a and b ; Payrau,
Strophanthus, 71-84, 163, with figs. ; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 155.
aS'. hispidus, Oliv. ex Fraser in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vii. (18(;9-70),
101, and in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. xxxv. t. iii. (for the greatest
part), and in Journ. Anat. and Physiol, vii. 139-155; Christy, I.e.
No. 10 (1887), 12-13, not of A. DC. S. hispidus, var. Komhe, Holmes
in Pharm. Journ. and Trans, xxi. (1890), 233.

Mozamb. ]01st. German East Africa : Usaramo, 1000 ft., Ooetze, 24 !
Dondeland, Biisse, 563 ! Portuguese East Africa : Yao Forest, Steere I British
Central Africa: Nyasalaud; Mangauja Hills, 2000 ft., Meller ! Shibisa, Kirk, 24a !
and without precise locality, Buchanan, 1121 !

174 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (stapf). \^Siro2^hanthu8.

It was first stated by Livingstone in his " Narrative of an Expedition to the
Zambesi," 466, tliat an arrow poison, called " Kombi " by the Maiiganja, was pre-
pared from a species of Sfrophanthus. The author adds further that Dr. (now
Sir John) Kirk experienced a slight case of poisoning by kombi on himself followed
by certain symptoms which suggested "that the kombi may turn out a valuable
remedy." From the specimens collected by Kirk and Meller in the Manganja
country and Kirk's notes, there cannot be any doubt that the Strophanthus, referred
to by Livingstone, is S. Kombe, Oliv. On the other hand, it is not impossible that a
part of the seeds which, under the name of kombe seeds, formed tlie subject of
physiological and chemical investigations in some of the papers quoted above, wei-e
not derived from this species.

8. S. hispidus, A. F. DC. in Bull Soc. Philom. iii. (1802), 123, t.
xiii.fig. 2. A tall climbing shrub ; branches with stiff spreading yellow
hairs when young, glabrescent, scabrid or rather smooth when mature,
reddish or dark brown, scantily dotted with small lenticels. Leaves
fully developed at the time of flowering, elliptic or oblong, shortly
acuminate, rounded or subcordate at the base, ;>-6 in. long, 1|^-3J in.
broad, membranous, rather firm when quite mature, at first almost
tomentose, then loosely hispid, ultimately more or less glabrescent
above ; secondary nerves 6-10 on each side, like the coarsely reticu-
lating veins much raised below in the old leaves; petiole 0-1 J lin.
long. Corymbs many-flowered, contracted or more often large and
loose, terminal on leafy branches ; branches and branchlets with stiff
spreading yellow hairs; bracts foliaceous, lanceolate, 9-40 lin. long,
hispid; pedicels hispid, slender, very short or up to 8 lin. long. Calyx
foliaceous, 8-10 lin. long ; sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering
into a linear acute or obtuse acumen, hispid on the back and along the
margin, glabrous inside. Corolla yellow, puberulous outside, infra-
staminal part 3-3 J lin. long, supra-staminal part cup-shaped or shortly
campanulate, 2-3 lin. long ; lobes produced from a short ovate base into
filiform tails, 3-5 in. long ; throat-scales ovate, obtuse, J-| lin. long,
purple-spotted. Anthers acute, 2 lin. long, included. Follicles divari-
cate, long acuminate, 1(>-14 in. long, reddish-brown, coarsely striate,
dotted with lenticels. Seeds oblong, greyish or yellowish, silky, 5 lin.
long; awn glabrous for 9-10 lin., with the plume 3^ in. long. —
A. P. DC. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. i. (1802) 412, t. 27, fig. 2 (ex Desf.),
and Strophanthus, iii. 9, t. 4 and 5 ; A. DC. Prod. viii. 419 ; Benth. in
Hook. Niger Fl. 451 ; Christy, New Comm. Plants and Drugs, No. 10
(1887), 24, with fig. ; Holmes in Pharm. Journ. xxi. (1890), 233 ; Baill.
Arch. Physiol. 1872,525, and in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. 855 ; Blondel,
Stroph. du Comm. 14 ; Baill in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 855, 850.
Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 305, 382 ; Franch, in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris,
3 ser. V. 271 ; K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 182,
181, fig. 60 ; L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 33, 3G, fig. 7, v.-xv., 41, fig. 2,
82 ; Kohler, Mediz. Pflanz. ii. t. 194 ; Hartwich, Neue Arzneidrog.
323; De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. 41, ii. 40, and in
Reliq. Dewevr. i, 155 ; Payrau, Strophanthus, 47-70, 163, with figs. ;
De Wild, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 ser. i. 34. S. hirta, Poir. Diet. Sc.
Nat. Ii. 150.

Strophauthus.] Lxxxiv. apocyxace.e (staff). 175

Upper Guinea. Seiicgambia : Cnyor ; Lou<j:rt, Joref^ Kio Xunez, Heudelof^
S2y I Casainaiize River, Pe/v'Oi'/^^ / French Guinea : DauLilia, Scot f-JEl I io f, ^S00\
Sierra Leone; Bnnce Island, Kirk, 38! Kiver Sherboro, Mann, 793 ! and without
precise locality, Smeathman ! (Jold Coast : Afrow Plains, Johnson, 594.B 1 Laeos :
Lagos, Roivland ! Abeokuta, Irving, 188 ! Barter, 3321 ! Niger Delta : River
Nun, Barter, 20102 ! Niger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 749 ! Old CaUbnr, Thomson,
6 ! Mann, 224S ! Cameroons, Bipinde, Zenker, 1083 !

Iiower Guinea. Gaboon: Corisco Bay, Mann! Lower Congo: Kisantu,
Gillet, 83 ! :\rayoinbe, Cahra.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Bangala, Bewevre, 866 !

S. thierryanus, K. Schnni. & Gilg in Engl. .lahrb. xxxii. 158, seems to represent
a particularly hispid state of S. hispidus. There is nothing else in the description
to distinguish it from this species except the somewhat shorter corolla-tails, a rather
variable character. It was collected by Thierry in the interior of Togo, where it is
used by the Moba Tribe for preparing an arrow poison.

0. S. bullenianus. Mast, in Gard. Chron. 1870, 1471,/y. 257,
Hxcl. fruit. A climbing shrub, 10-40 ft. high ; branches slender,
sparingly hispid with yellowish spreading hairs, soon glabrescent.
reddish-brown, scantily dotted with lenticels. Leaves oblong-elliptic to
oblong, suddenly constricted into a narrow linear acumen 6-9 lin. long,
rounded or (rarely) acute at the base, 4-0 in. long, 1.1^-2 in. broad
membranous, very scantily hirsute or almost glabrous above, hirsute or
liispid all over, but especially along the nerves below ; secondary nerves
«s-l 1 on each side, raised and very distinct below : veins inconspicuous ;
petiole hispid, 2-4 lin. long. Cymes terminal, pednncled, few-flowered,
very lax, scantily hispid; peduncle slender, 6-12 lin. long; bracts fili-
form or subulate, -^ lin. long ; pedicels very slender, up to 7 lin. long.
Calyx 4-5 lin. long ; sepals linear, more or less hirsute on the back and
along the margins, usually somewhat spreading, imbricate at the very
base only. Corolla salver-shaped, puberulous without, infra- staminal
part of the tube pinkish, about f) lin. long, supra-staminal part very
short, wide and shallow ; lobes yellow with purple spots, produced into
piuple tails 5-11 lin. long; throat-scales very short, ovate, obtuse.
Anthers glabrous, acute, 2 lin. long, almost wholly exserted. — Pax in
Engl. Jahrb. xv. 368, not 383 ; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, :>
ser. V. 274, excl. the fruit; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 182 ; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb, xxxii. 155.

Upper G-uinea. South Nigeria : Old Calabar, Mann, 2247 ! Thomson, 22 f
Fernando Po, Mann, 1444!

DLomrer Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 55 I

The fruit figured by Masters belongs to a species of Pleiocertis ; the same is
evidently the case with the fruits and seeds described as those of S. buUenianus by
Christy, New Coram. Plants and Drugs, No. 9 (1886), 62.

S. Sc?ilechteri, K. Schum. in Schlechter. Westafr. Kfiutschuk Exped. 308
(name only), and K. Schum. & Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 158, collected by Schlechter
(12919) between Mafura and Mundame, Cameroons, does not, judging fnnn the
description, differ from S. bullenianus except in the density of the indumentum.

10. S. gracilis, K. Schum. <i' Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 370. A
climbing shrub, 40 ft. high ; branches minutely puberulous when young,

]7(; Lxxxiv. APOCYN'ACE.E (stapf). [^Strophauthus.

soon glabrescent, scabridulous, dark reddish-brown or blackish, scantily-
spotted with lenticels. Leaves elliptic to oblong, more or less acuminate,
rounded at the base, 2-4 in. long, Ij-lj in. broad, coriaceous, scabridu-
lous with minute scattered hairs on both sides ; secondary nerves
5-G on each side, much raised and distinct below in the mature leaves ;
veins inconspicuous or a few of them raised and distinct ; petiole 2-8
lin. long. Cymes terminal, peduncled, few- to 10-flowered, mostly lax
and corymbose, puberulous ; peduncle 6-12 lin. long, slender; bracts
foliaceous, lanceolate to subulate, narrowed towards the base, obtuse,
:'>-4 lin. long ; pedicels v§ry slender, up to 8 lin. long. Calyx foliaceous,
(1-7 lin. long ; outer sepals generally ovate-oblong, inner linear-oblong
to linear, or all more or less linear, obtuse or acute, minutely scabrid.
Corolla yellow or orange with brown or purple streaks and spots,
puberulous without and within ; infra-staminal tube 3-4 lin. long,
supra-staminal part shortly campanulate, 3-5 lin. long; lobes ovate,
produced into filiform yellow tails 5-6 in. long ; throat-scales ovate,
obtuse, papillose, J- J lin. long. Anthers included, \h lin. long,
densely tomentose on the back, with a short fine point. Ovary hairy.
— Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ?> ser. v. 277 ; K. Schum. in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 182 ; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii.
155. S. scaher^ Pax, I.e. 370; K. Schum. I.e. 182.

Upper Cruinea. Lagos ; Abeokuta, Irving ! Niger Delta : Nun Kiver,
Mann, 499! Barter, 20111! Brass, Barter, 1867! Bonny, Kalbrei/er, 70!
South Nigeria ; Old Calabar, Rohb !

JtO-wer Cruinea. Gaboon : Munda j Sibange Farm, Soyatix, 312 ! Booue
Falls, Thollon, 57.

K. Schumann and Pax state that S. gracilis differs from S. scaher in having quite
glabrous branches and corollas, less prominent nerves and broader sepals, the tips of
which ai*e recurved. Soyaux's siiecimen (312) from which S. gracilis was described,
has, however, also minutely puberulous branches and corollas. The nerves are less
prominent, but this is due to the leaves being quite young, and I find the sepals so
variable in Mann's and Barter's specimen that this difference also breaks down.

U.S. Preussii, Enyl.d'Pax in Engl. Jahrh. xv. 3G9. A rambling
or climbing shrub, up to 12 ft. high ; branches glabrous, brown or
reddish-brown, dotted with white lenticels. Leaves elliptic or oblong
to obovate or ovate, abruptly acuminate, rounded or acute at the base,
2-5 in. long, lJ-2 in. broad, membranous, quite glabrous; secondary
nerves G-7 on each side : veins quite inconspicuous. Cymes terminal,
peduncled, usually many-flowered, corymbose, minutely puberulous ;
peduncle from very short to IJ in.; bracts foliaceous, thin, pallid,
ovate to lanceolate, narrowed towards the base, obtuse or acute, -4-8 lin.
long; pedicels up to 4 lin. long. Calyx foliaceous, 7-10 lin. long;
outer sepals from a broad ovate base, linear-oblong or linear, inner
linear-oblong or linear, glabrous. Corolla minutely pulverulent without
and within, cream-coloured to orange, with purple spots and streaks in
the throat and purple tails ; infra-staminal part 5 lin. long, supra-
staminal part campanulate, 4-5 lin. long ; lobes ovate, suddenly con
stricted and produced into filiform tails up to 1 ft. long ; throat-scales ovate.

Strophcmthus.] Lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 177

broad, obtuse, papillose. Anthers included, 1 J lin. long, with a short very
fine point, tomenftose on the back. Ovary hairy. — Franch. inNouv.Arch.
Mus. Paris, 3 ser. xv. 279 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 182, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 230 ; and in Schlechter, Westafr.
Kautschuk-Exped. 307; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. 070; De
Wild. <fe Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. 41 ; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii.
155, 159. S. bracteatus, De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Con^o, ii.
41 and Peliq. Devvevr. ii. 154, not of Franch.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Abui'i, Johnson, 150! Togo, Baumann, 591a!
Lagos, Ojinvaye, Milieu, 27! Otta, Barter, 3322! Abeokuta, Harrison, 6!
interior, Roivland ! Isliagamo, Schlechter. South Nigeria : Old Calabar, Thomson,
9 I Monteiro ! Kolland, 22 I 100 ! Cro?s River, at Ikorofion, Holland, 33 !
Cameroons : Johann Albrechtsliohe, Staudt, 664 ! Yaunde, Zenker Sf Staudf, 301 !
667! Ze/i^er, 244 ! and without precise locality, Preuss, 116! Fernando Po, Mann,
171 \

TaO-wer Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo ; bushy places at Santo Antonio,
Welwitsch, 5995 ! Golungo Alto ; in woods between tiie River Delamboa and the
Capopa spring, Welwitsch, 5996 !

Soutb Central. Congo Free State ; in thickets on a humid plain by the River
Congo at Bombati, near Xdobo, 1300 ft., Thonner. Bokakata on the River Lulonga,
Bewevre, 809 !

A pair of follicles collected by G. Mann in Fernando Po in 1860 (about the same
time as the flowering specimen No. 177, quoted above") belongs very jirobably to
^S". Preussii. The follicles are hornshaped with rather obtuse ends, 10 in. long,
1^ in. in. diam., reddish-brown and smooth. The seeds are oblong-lanceolate, obtuse
at the base, long acuminate, brown, downy, 5-6 Hn. long ; the naked foot of the a\vn
measures l§-2 in., the plume f-j in.

12. S. Barter!, Franch. in Journ. de Bot. vii. 323. A small
scandent shrub ; branches glabrous even when young, reddish-brown,
dotted with minute lentieels. Leaves ovate to oblong, shortly acum-
inate, rounded at the base, '2-2h in. long, 12-16 lin. broad, mem-
branous, firm when mature, quite glabrous ; secondary nerves 5-0 on
each side, faint ; veins inconspicuous. Cymes terminal, peduncled,
dichotOmous, very loose, minutely puberulous; peduncle \-'2 in. long;
bracts conspicuous, foliaceous, thin, oblong or ovate from a constricted
base, 5 lin. long, obtuse, crisp ; pedicels up to 5 lin. long. Calyx
foliaceous, 7 lin. long ; sepals oblong-spathulate from a narrow base,
spreading or with the tips recurved, minutely puberulous. Corolla
yellow and chocolate-brown, streaked, puberulous without and within ;
infra-staminal part of the tube 3J lin. long, supra-staminal part
campanulate, 4~4| lin. long; lobes short, ovate, produced into filiform
tail^ 2-3 in. long ; throat-scales triangular, 1-1| hn. long, puberulous.
Anthers included, 1| lin. long, with fine setaceous tips 1 lin. long,
densely tomentose on the back. Ovary hairy. — Franch. in Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Paris, 3 ser. v. 279, t. xi. A. ; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 155.

Upper Guinea, Lagos : interior, Rowland ! Abeokuta, Barter, 3346 !

13. S. bracteatus, Franch. in Journ. de Bot. vii. 324. A
perfectly glabrous climbing shrub ; branches very slender and long,

178 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Strophunthics.

reddish-brown, scantily dotted with small lenticels. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse at the base, 2J-4 in. long,
1-1|- in. broad, papery, firm, whitish beneath ; secondary nerves 6-7
on each side, faint ; veins inconspicuous ; petiole 2-2J lin. long.
Cymes terminal, dichotomous, very loose, few-flowered ; branches 1-2
in. long, multi-bracteate ; bracts foliaceous, whitish or yellowish,
ovate, o-oj lin. long; pedicels up to 4 lin. long. Calyx foliaceous,
5-0 lin. long; sepals very unequal, outer ones ovate-lanceolate,
f^-t^ lin. broad near the base, inner ones much narrower, all
acute. Corolla white, with violet veins minutely puberulous on both
sides ; infra-staminal part of the tube 8-3 J lin. long, supra-staminal
part tubular-cam panulate, 4 lin. long ; lobes ovate, produced into filiform
tails 4-4^ in. long ; throat-scales very short, ovate, rounded, pulveru-
lent. Anthers included, densely pubescent on the back, distinctly
acuminate. Ovary hairy. Follicles slender, 8 in. long, 7^ lin. thick,
brown, glabrous, with oblong or linear lenticels. Seeds fusiform,
scantily silky, grey, glabrescent, B lin. long; awn plumose almost from
the base, with the plume 10 lin. long. — Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Paris, :> ser. v. 280, t. xii. ; Payrau, Strophanthus, 104-106, 102, with
figs.

'XiO'wer Guinea. Freneli Congo: by the River ()fi;o\ve, above Obombi,
ThoUon, 745, on rocks at Boue, Thollon, 744.

Gilt? (ill Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 159) considers this as identical with S. Preussii.
I have not seen an authentic specimen.

Fr.mchet (in Journ. de Bot. viii. 204) states that Pobegnin collected this species
near Grand Bassam, on the Ivory Coast ; but his additional remai-ks make it almost
certain that Pobeguin's plant belongs to a distinct species.

14. S. erythroleucus, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii. 100. A
perfectly glabrous shrub; branches climbing or pendulous, blackish-
brown. Leaves more or less oblong, acutely and obliquely long acumi-
nate, rounded at the base, 2|-4J in. long, 1^-'>J in. broad, sub-
chartaceous ; secondary nerves 7-9 on each side, somewhat oblique,
slightly prominent on both sides ; veins loosely reticulating, incon-
spicuous; petiole IJ lin. long. Flowers in loose 3-7-flowered cymes at
the end of the branches and branchlets; peduncle 7-12 lin. long;
bracts linear, 3J-4 lin. long, J-J lin. broad ; pedicels J-2J lin, long.
Calyx 5 lin. long ; sepals linear or lanceolate-linear, narrow acute or
obtuse. Corolla whitish, beautifully marked with red ; tube narrow,
cylindric to 4J-5 lin. from the base, then suddenly widened into a
saucer-shaped portion 1 lin. high ; lobes ovate-oblong, up to ?y lin.
long, not quite 2 lin. broad, with filiform tails 10-11 lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Batanga, in clearings, DinMage, 841, 1401 !

15. S. parvifloniSy Franch. in rfourn. de Bot. vii. 324. A
graceful, usually perfectly glabrous rambling and climbing shrub ;
branches very slender and long, reddish-brown; lenticels minute.
Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, abruptly acuminate (acumen up to
0 lin. long), rounde<i or snbcordate at the base, 2~?>\ in. long, 1 J-1 J in.

Strophanthns.'] Lxxxiv. apocyxace.e (staff). 179

broad, thin, membranous ; secondary nerves 5-G on each side, faint ;
veins quite inconspicuous ; petiole almost 0 or up to 1 lin. long. Cymes
terminal, peduncled, few-flowered; peduncle 4-10 lin. long, slender ;
bracts foliaceous, linear, obtuse, up to 4 lin. long ; pedicels slender, up to
4 lin. long, sometimes pubescent. Calyx foliaceous, spreading, T)-!! lin.
long ; sepals linear-oblong or linear, outer ones broader, more or less
obtuse. Corolla white turning yellow, with purple streaks in the throat :
infra-staminal part of the tube 4-5 lin. long, supra-staminal part very
suddenly widened, wide-cupshaped, 2 lin. long; lobes triangular, 2 lin.
long, produced into filiform tails 2 in. long, yellowish-green ; throat-
scales triangular or linear-obtuse, 1-1 i lin. long, scarlet. Anthers
included, almost reaching the mouth, glabrous, mucronate. Ovary
glabrous. — Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, :> ser. v. 281 ;
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. G70 ; De Wild, k Durand, Contrib. Fl.
Congo, i. 41 ; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 155. S. Deicevrei, De Wild,
in De Wild. & Dumnd, Contrib. Fl. Congo, ii. 40 and Reliq. Dewevr.
154; Gilg I.e.

^ower Guinea. Angola: Gohing-o Alto; Queta Mountains, rare, Welwitsch,
5994 !

South Central. Congo Fi*ee State : Luebo, on the Lulna River, Laurent .'
Nyangwe, on the Kiver Lualaba, Detvevre, 1058.

U"). S. arnoldianus. Be Wild, d- Durand in Coniptes-rendits Soc.
Hot. Bely. xxxviii. 20G. A rambling, perfectly glabrous shrub ; branches
slender, dark reddish-brown, sparingly lenticellate. Leaves ovate
or broad-elliptic, abruptly and more or less obtusely acuminate, rounded
at the base, 2|-3^ in. long, 1 J-2J in. broad, chartaceous ; secondary
nerves 4 on each side ; petiole 2J lin. long. Inflorescences terminal,
dichotomous ; bracts linear, membranous, b-ij lin. long, less than J lin,
broad ; pedicels slender, 7-10 lin. long. Calyx ^| lin. long ; sepals
subsimilar, lanceolate, |-1 lin broad, acute. Corolla very minutely
puberulous on both sides ; tube funnel-shaped, 3-3 J lin. long ; lobes
ovate, l|-2 lin. long, abruptly produced into filiform tails 2-2 J in.
long ; throat-scales ovate, rotundate, very short. Anthers acuminate,
IJ lin. long, glabrous on the back. Follicles brown, lenticellate. Seeds
ovate -elliptic, brown, silky, 0 lin. long, 2 lin. broad. — Gilg in Engl.
Jahrb. xxxii. 156.

Xiower Guinea. Lower Congo: Kitobola, in the Cataract district, Kindt.

17. S. wildemanianus, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii. 159. A
perfectly glabrous climbing shrub ; branches slender, Leaves oblong,
narrowly acutely and obliquely long acuminate, rounded at the base,
3J-4 in. long, IJ in. broad, papery; secondary nerves 11— ] 2 on each
side, sub-horizontal, like the loosely reticulating veins slightly promi-
nent on both sides; petiole 4-4J lin. long. Flowers (only known in the
young state) in loose, few-flowered cymes on the ends of the branches ;
peduncle and pedicels slender, the latter 4-4| lin. long; bracts small,
narrow, linear. Calyx 3J-4 lin. long; sepals hnear, very acute,

180 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEJE (stapf). [Strophanthus.

yellowish, J lin. broad. Corolla (in bud) with the tails not quite 1 in.
long ; tube shorter than the calyx.

Itovfer Cvuinea. Lower Cougo : Kimuenza, Gillet, 2083.

Closely allied, according to Gilg, to S. arnoldianus.

18. S. sarmentosus, A. P. DC. m BuU. Soc. Philoni. Paris, iii.
1 28, t. viii. Jiy. 1. A tall, climbing shrub, quite glabrous ; branches
brown, rough, conspicuously dotted with lenticels. Leaves opposite or
ternate, ovate to oblong, more or less acuminate, acute or obtuse at the
base, 2-4 lin. long, l:j-2j lin. broad, firm, jjapery ; secondary nerves
•i-5 on each side, faint in young, prominent below in old leaves ; veins
rather distinct ; petiole 2-4 lin. long. Cymes terminal, sessile, few- to
1-flowered on short lateral branches, which are for the most part leaf-
less, or with young leaves or young leafy shoots ; bracts ovate or oblong,
2-4 lin. long, acute or obtuse ; pedicels very short. Calyx 4-7 lin. long ;
sepals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate. Corolla white,
with pink marks inside, glabrous without, minutely puberulous within ;
infra-staminal part of the tube 3-:^>J lin. long, supra-staminal part
wide, funnel-shaped or campanulate, 6-9 lin. long ; lobes ovate or
lanceolate, produced into linear tails 2-2 J in. long ; throat-scales purple,
subul9.te from a broader base, 3-4 lin. long. Anthers 2 J lin. long,
terminating in a bristle about J lin, long, glabrous. Follicles spread-
ing horizontally, spindle-shaped, 8-12 in. long, 10 lin. thick, glabrous,
almost smooth above, with lenticels in the lower part. Seeds spindle-
shaped, brown, silky, 5-6 lin. long ; awn 2-3 in. long, naked for |-2 in.,
hairs up to \\ in. long. — A. P. DC. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris,
i. 410, t. 27, fig. 1, and Strophanthus, ii. 2, 3, t. 1 ; Poiret in Diet. Sc.
Nat. li. 149; A. DC. Prod. viii. 418; Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora,
4.")1; Christy, New Com-m. Plants and Drugs, No. 10 (1887), 27; Pax
in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 374 (vars. eusaimientosus and pendulus) ; Franch. in
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 ser. v. 282. and in Journ. de Bot. viii. 204 ;
K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 182 partly, and in
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 319 ; L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 79; Durand &
Scbinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 191 ; De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl.
Congo, ii. 40 ; K. Schum. in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped.
307; Payrau, Strophanthus, 85-87, 163, with figs.; Gilg in Engl.
Jahrb. xxxii. 156, 161. Yar. major, Dewevre in Journ. Pbarm. Anvers,
1894, 5-7 (of abstract). .S'. Senegambice, A. DC. Prod. viii. 418.
S. pendulus, Kumm. & Hook, in Gray & Dochard, Trav. West Afr.
392, t. C. ; A. DC. Prod. viii. 419 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 451.
/S'. laurifolius, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 375 (Perrottet's plant, also of
DC. ? ) ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 451 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl.
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 182. S. Paroissei, Franch. in Journ. de Bot. vii.
320, and in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 ser. v. 290, t. xvi. ; L. Planch.
Prod. Apocyn. 58, 83; Payrau, Strophanthus, 88-91, 163, with figs. ;
De Wild, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 ser. i. 35.

Vpper Guinea. Senegambia : Richard Toll, Leprieur ; Cayor, Zeprieur, and
without precise locality, Leprieur, 457, 467. Heudelot, 337 ! Boivin ! Gambia,

iStrojyhcmtkus.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 181

Sknes ! Ingram ! £roiv n- Lester, S6 I Perroitet I French (Iniiici : Lahny;!, Prt-row*^.
Sierra Leone : Scott-]£lliot, 4512 ! 5657 ! Kirk, 39 ! Don ! Smeathman I Hntfon !
WJiiifield ! Barter I Mann, SI Ivory Coast : Grand Kassaiu, Poi^^w/n. Gold Coast :
Abuvi Hills, Johnson, 288 ! Ashanti : Akroful, Cummins, 23 ! Togo, Bmtmann,
93! Agome Mountains, ScMechter, 12962! Lagos: Ebu Metta, Millen, 25!
Abeokuta, Irving ! Ikirun, Millson / and without precise locality, Moloney !
Niger Protectorate : Nupe, Barter, 1325 ! . Old Calabar, Mann, 2246 ! Thomson,
16!

^ow^er Cirvinea. Lower Congo: Kisantu, Chillet ; near Lemba, Denietise,
194 ! (exclusive of the seeds ?), and without precise locality, Lajtrenf.

10. S, ogovensis, Franch. in Joiirn. de Bnt. vii. 324. A ramb-
ling or climbing shrub, quite glabrous ; branches brown, dotted with
lenticels, the flowering ones rather stout. Leaves mostly ternate,
elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse at the base, 3-3J in.
long, l|-2 in. broad, firm, papery, glossy ; secondary nerves r)-6 on each
side, raised below; reticulation distinct; petiole 7-10 lin. long.
Cymes terminal, few- to 1-flowered, subsessile, produced with the mature
leaves ; bracts' numerous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Calyx
5-6 lin. long ; sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla
large, purple without, whitish within ; infra-staminal part of the tube
3-4 lin. long., siipra-staminal part wide, funnel-shaped, |-1 i'^^- l^n^ ;
lobes ovate gradually passing into a linear tail, 2-2J in. long; throat-
scales lanceolate-subulate, glabrous, 3 lin. long. Anthers included,
glabrous, shortly acuminate. Ovary glabrous. — Franch. in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 ser. v. 284, t. xv. ; Payrau, Strophanthus, 131.

Iiower CS-uinea. French Congo : by the Boue Cataracts, on the River Ogowe,
ThoUon, 144, 746.

Giig, in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 162, considers S. ogovevsis as identical with the
preceding species.

20. S, verrucosus, Stajjf. An erect shrub, 0-10 ft. high, quite
glabrous ; branches brown or dark grey, dotted with lenticels, more or
less rough, with a ring of large thick corky triangular protuberances
or ridges below the nodes when old. Leaves ova,te to elliptic, acumi-
nate, obtuse at the base, 2J-2J in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, firmly mem-
branous ; secondary nerves 3-5 on each side, faint ; reticulation rather
obscure ; petiole 4-6 lin. long. Cymes terminal or pseudo-axillary, on
leafy branches, subsessile, few- to 1-flowered ; bracts subulate, 2 lin.
long; pedicels up to 21 lin. long. Calyx 5-6 lin. long; sepals subu-
late-acuminate from a broa.der base, spreading or with the tips recurved
when in flower. Corolla wide, funnel-shaped, glabrous or minutely
puberulous within ; infra-staminal part of the tube 2-3 lin. long, suprn-
staminal part 7-10 lin. long ; lobes ovate or lanceolate, produced into
filiform tails, 3i-5l in. long ; throat-scales subulate from a triangular
base, 3 lin. long. Anthers included, glabrous, 3 lin. long, produced
into a fine bristle, not quite a line long. Ovary glabrous. — S'. peterfn,-^
anus, var. grandi/fo7-^is, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1802, 12()
(excluding the Delagoa Bay plant). *S'. sarmentosHS, K. Schum. in Engl.

VOL. IV. *'

182 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Sti'ophauthus.

Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 310 partly. ^S'. sarmentosus, var. veoTitcosus, .I^slx in
Engl. Jahrb. xv. 374 ; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 ser. v.
1^84. S. yrandijlorus, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 156, IGl partly.

irile Kand. British East Africa : near Mombp.sa, ^iWeZ>ra«c?/, 1 976 !

Mozamb. I>lst> Gcnnan East Africa: Usaramo ; Dar es Salaam, Goeize,2,\
Zaiiguebar, Kirk !

S. petersianus, var. grandiflorus, was based in the first place on s))cciiuens
<-ollecte(l by Montciro in Delap^oa Hay. They at least suggested the name, and a
plant raised from seeds of the same origin was subsequently figured in Bot. Mag. t.
7390 as re])resenting this variety. Unfortunately other si>ecinieiiis, some of which
were described simultaneously and independently by Pax as S. sarmeniosus, var.
verrucosus, were mixed up with the Delagoa plant. I agree with Gilg in consider-
ing Pax's variety verrucosus as specifically distinct from S. sarmentosus ; but
it differs just as much from the Delagoa plant, for which the name grand iff ortis
may appropri itcly be retained, designating it as a distinct species.

21. S. petersianus, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamh. Bot. 276.
A much branched glabrous shrub ; branches brown, dotted all over
with whitish lenticels. Leaves ovate to rotundate-ovate, more or less
acuminate, rounded at the base, l-2i- in. long, f-lf in. broad, papery,
firm: secondary nerves about 5-0 on each side, like the veins very
faint ; petiole 2-^ J lin. long. Cymes terminal on short lateral
branches ; produced with the mature or the young leaves, sessile, few-
to l-flowered; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 lin. long; pedicels short.
Calyx 3 J-7 lin. long ; sepals lanceolate, acute. Corolla glabrous without,
puberulous within; infra-staminal part of the tube 2 lin. long, supra-
staminal part wide, funnel-shaped, white, f)-G lin. long ; lobes attenuate
from an ovate or lanceolate base into linear lurid-purple tails, total
length 2-3 in. ; throat-scales subulate, 2-3 lin. long. Anthers ter-
minating in a long fine point. — Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 37') ; Franch.
in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 ser. v. 290 ; K. Schum. in Engl, k
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 182, and in Engl. PH. Ost-Afr. C. 31!);
(rilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 15(5.

XMCozamb. Bist. Poriugnese East Africa: Lower Zambesi, Tete, Kirk!
Feters ! Hritish Central Africa: Nyasaland; Chiromo, Scoff-Eiliot,279Sl and
without jnvcise locality, Buchanan, 40 !

22. S. Courmontiy Saclea.c la Jou.rn. de Bot. vii. 322. A
wimbling perfectly glabrous shrub ; branches reddish-brown, frequently
dotted with and rough from whitish lenticels, with a ring of large or
small corky protuberances at the nodes when old. Leaves elliptic or
oblong to ovate and obovate, shortly or obscurely acuminate, obtuse or
acute at the base, 2J-3J in. long, 1^-1 f in. broad, hubcoriaceous when
mature ; secondary nerves about 5 on each side, very oblique and like
the reticulation faint, though mostly distinct ; petiole up to 5 lin. long.
Cymes terminal, sessile, 3-1 -flowered ; bracts lanceolate, small, very
often quite suppressed ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long. Calyx 2i-3^ lin. long ;
sepals oblong to lanceolate, acute, subcarinate on the back, scarious

>itrophajithus.] lxxxiv. ArocYNACE.E (stapf). 183

along the margin. Corolla large, violet without, white, tinged with
violet within, scales yellow ; infra-staminal part of the tube 4-.") lin.
long, gradually widened from the base, supra-staminal part funnel-
shaped, wide, up to 1 in. long; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, not tailed,
1 J-l| in. long ; throat-scales lanceolate or subulate from a broader
base, 2-ij lin. long. Anthers glabrous, tapering into a fine point, :>}, lin.
long. Follicles 10 in. long, tapering almost from the base, not rostrate,
very woody. Seeds linear-oblong, greyish silky, 6 lin. long; awn naked
for about 15 lin., plume '2-2^ in. long. — Franch. in Arch. Nouv. Mus.
Paris, 3 ser. v. 286, and in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 4 ; K. 8chum.
in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 311) and in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 4:)3 ; Payrau,
Strophanthus, 1)2, 03, 162, with figs.; Holmes in Pharm. Journ. xii.
(1901), 4iS6-4Hl), fig. 1-7 (including vars. Kirkii and faUax) ; Gilg in
Engl. Jabrb. xxxii. 157.

Mozamb. X>lst. GeritiRn East Africa: Usainbara ; Taiiga, Heinsen, 131!
Nguru district, Sacleux ; Uhehe; Rualia River, 2000 ft., Goetze, 453! Portupucso
East Africa : Yao Forest, Steere ! Moraiubala Mountain, Waller .' Briti>h Central
Africa: Nyasaland ; Zornhn, Mannhiff, 78! Lukonia (Likoma ls\a,m\?), Belling-
ham! Shire Valley, Waller/ and without precise locality, Buchanan, 1219! 1355!
Rhodesia: Batoka Country; Manyorene Hill, Kirk !

23. S. ecaudatus, Rolfe in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xi. 85. A climb-
ing shrub ; branches minutely puberulous when quite young, soon
glabrescent, dark reddish-brown, rough with often very numerous
lenticels. Leaves obovate to oblanceolate-oblong or lanceolate, very
shortly acuminate, cuspidate or acute, acute at the base, ^-IJ in. long,
;)-8 lin. broad ; margins wavy, coriaceous, glabrous, very pale beneath
when young ; secondary nerves 5-6 on each side, faint, often incon-
spicuous ; veins inconspicuous ; petiole 1-2 lin. long. Cymes generally
reduced to 1-2 flowers, terminal on leafy branches, sessile ; bracts lan-
ceoUte-subulate, 3 lin. long, early deciduous ; pedicels finely puberulous
up to 3 lin. long. Calyx 5-7 lin. long ; sepals oblong, acuminate, with
generally recurved tips and often wavy margins, rather firm. Corolla
white and glabrous outside, pink inside ; infi-a-staminal part of tube
^> lin. long, supi^-staminal part of tube campanulate or widely funnel-
shaped, 7 lin. long, more or less puberulous within ; lobes ovate-oblong,
acuminate, 8-9 lin. long ; throat-scales filiform from a triangular base,
5-7 lin. long, deep purple. Anthers glabrous, acuminate, terminating
in a fine bristly point, 'd^ lin. long. Follicles 7 in. long, attenuate
almost from the base, obtuse, densely verrucose with numerous lenticels.
Seeds linear oblong, 5 lin. long, densely silky, yellowish: awn naked
for 1-J-lJin., plume Ij in. long. — Hiern in Cnt. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 671 ;
Payrau, Strophanthus, 94-!)6, 1()2, with tigs. -^S' Wehvitschii, K. Schum,
in Engl. &■ Pi-antl, Pflanzenfam. Ergiinz. Heft, i. 51) ; Gilg in Engl.
Jahrb. xxxii. 157, 162. Zygonerion Weliritschii, Baiil. in Bull. Soc.
Linn. Paris, i. 758.

IboTver Guinea. Angola : between Puii<;o Andouijo and the Cuanzji, Wil-
witsch, 5991 low forest between Cazella and J.axillo, Wehrilsc/i, 5926 ! Malange,

1S4 Lxxxiv. APOCYXACE/E (stapf). [^Strophanthus.

Marques:! Huilla ; Morro de Loi)oll(>, WeUvUsch,^^^\ Chitanda Kiver, between
(foudkonjc and Katzele, 4000 ff., Baum, Yl"! !

BiKoxamb. ]Dist. IJritish Central Africa : Uniii<ju ; Stevenson Road, Carsotiy
Iv Herh. Scott- Elliot, 83] 6!

A hi)ecinien from Fwambo collected l)y Carson in 1889, ditfers from 8316 of
Scott-Elliot's collectioji in having smaller flowers on long slender shoots, which
spring direct from the ground. There is no other difference, and I suppose it
represents merely a starved state.

24. S. Schucliardti, Pax i7i Engl. Jahrh. xv. 371. A shrub
4-5 ft. high, with a hemispheric top, very much branched ; branches
tomentose when young, dark brown, dotted with lenticels. Leaves
ovate, obtuse or very obscurely acuminate, truncate or subcordate at
the base, about 1-1| in. long, |-1 in. broad, thick, softly tomentose on
both sides ; secondary nerves o-G on each side, faint ; veins incon-
spicuous; petiole 1-2 lin. long. Cymes terminal, sessile, few- to
1 -flowered, tomentose; bracts lanceolate, 1-2 lin. long, early deciduous;
pedicels up to G lin. long. Calyx tomentose, 2^-^) lin. long ; sepals
lanceolate or linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute. Corolla bright purple
outside ; limb orange inside, finely puberulous without ; infra-staminal
part of tube 1^-2 lin. long, supra-staminal part tubular-campanulate,
4—") lin. long; lobes caudate-linear from an ovate base, 0 lin. long;
throat-scales small, lanceolate-linear, glabrous. Anthers shortly
acuminate. Ovary hairy. — Franch. in Kouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, o ser.
V. 27G ; K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 1^*2; Hiern
in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. G71 ; Payrau, Strophanthus, 1)7-100, 16:),
with figs. ; Gilg in EngL.Jahrb. xxxii. ir>4.

XiOiBi/'er Cruinea. Angola : Hnilla ; Lopollo and between Ferrao da Sola and
Xene, Wehcitsch, 5992 !

Payrau describes and figures the seeds as lanceolate-oblong, rounded at tlie base,
gradually tapering at the upper end, slightly reddish-drab, velvety, 5A-6.] lin. long,
with an awn 5 in. long of which one half or slightly more forms the plume.

25. S. Demeasei, A. I)ev:evre in Journ. Pharm. Anvers, 1894, 8
{of the reprint). A climber, quite glabrous (except the corolla) ; branches
brown, dotted with lenticels. Leaves ovate, :)J-4 in. long, li-2| in.
broad, rounded at the base, subacuminate, thin, membranous ; secondary
nerves 5-G on each side, not raised ; reticulation faint; petiole 4-6 lin.
long. Cymes terminal (or subterminal ?) on lateral branches, peduncled,
2-4-flowere(l ; peduncle slender, often curved, 3-4 lin. long; bracts
small, early deciduous ; pedicels 2-4 lin. long. Calyx 'i-'l^ lin. long;
sepals ovate, subacuminate. Corolla puberulous outside ; infra-
Staminai part of tube 2 lin. long, supra-staminal part tubular, 4 lin.
long ; lobes attenuate into linear tails from a lanceolate base, 1— 1| in.
long ; throat-scales linear from a broader base, 1 lin. long. — Durand &
Schinz, Etudes Fi. Congo, i. 101 ; Gilg in Jahrb. xxxii. 156.

Xiower Guinea. Congo Free State : Bnana, 1960 ft., Demev.se, 518 !

A' cry closely allied to S. iniermedkis^ Pax, and perliaps not specifically distinct.

Strophanthus.'] lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (staff). 185

20,. S. i-ntemackeAhxs^ Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 37'>. An arboreous
shrub or a climber, quite glabrous (except the corolla) ; branches
reddish-brown, dotted with minute lenticels. Leaves ovate, 2-3 in.
long, 1^-1 J in. broad, rounded or subacute at the base, acuminate,
thin, membranous ; secondary nerves 5-6 on each side, not raised ;
reticulation faint ; petiole 4 lin. long. Cymes terminal, subsessile,
few- to 1 -flowered; bracts early deciduous; pedicels 3-4 lin. long.
Calyx 2J lin. long ; sepals ovate, acuminate. Corolla deep piu^ple and
minutely puberulous outside, orange inside ; infra-staminal part of tube
1^-2 lin. long, supra-staminal part wide, tubular, 5-0 lin. long ; lobes
attenuate from a lanceolate base into linear tails, l.V-l| in. long;
throat-scales linear from a broader base, 1 lin. long. Follicles woody,
conical, obtuse (Welwitsch). — Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 ser.
V. 287; Hiernin Cat. Afr. PL Weiw. i. 071; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb.
xxxii. 150.

Xiower Cruinea. Angola : (iolungo Alto ; Mountains of Alto Queta, Wehrilschf
5999!

27. S. congoensis, Franch. in Journ. de Bot. vii. 324. A much
branched small tree, quite glabrous; branches slender, brown, ofcen
once or twice forked. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, ll-'> in. long,
1-1 1 in. broad, rounded or subcordate at the base, shortly and obtusely
acuminate, thin, but rather firm ; secondary nerves 4 on each side ;
veins inconspicuous. Cymes terminal, shortly peduncled, few-flowered ;
bracts scarious, ovate, acuminate ; pedicels short. Calyx 1 i-2 lin.
long ; sepals ovate, acute. Corolla glabrous ; infra-staminal part
of tube 2 lin. long, supra-staminal part tubular- campanulate, 4}-5^} lin.
long ; lobes ovate, suddenly constricted into a linear tail 5-6 lin. long ;
throat-scales subulate, 1 J lin. long. Anthers glabrous, shortly acum-
inate. Ovary glabrous. — Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 ser. v.
28<^; Payrau, Strophanthus, 131, with flg. ; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb.
xxxii. 156.

Xiower Guinea. French Congo : by the River Ogowe, Thollon.

28. S. amboensiSy Engl, d- Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 37i'>. A
very much branched glabrous shrub; old branches grey, rough, flower-
ing ones often repeatedly forked, short, brown, dotted with small
lenticels. Leaves ovate, Ij-lf in. long, J-J in. broad, rounded or acute
at the base, acuminate, firm, membranous ; secondary nerves about 5 on
each side, like the veins faint, but rather distinct ; petiole 2 lin. long.
Cymes terminal, often on very short lateral branches, shortly
peduncled or subsessile, few- to 1 -flowered ; bracts small, lanceolate;
pedicels up to 3 lin. long. Calyx 2-2h lin. long ; segments oblong-
lanceolate. Corolla glabrous without ; infra-staminal part of tube 2i
lin. long, brownish-red, gradually passing into the funnel-shaped or sub-
tubular supra-staminal part (j-^ lin. long ; lobes lanceolate, attenuate
into linear bright yellow tails, 2 in. long ; throat-scales short, linear-
oblong, puberulous. Anthers glabrous, tapering into a long fine

180 Lxxxiv. APOCYXACE.E (stapf). \^Stro2)hantha>s.

point, o-'H Hn. long. Ovary glabrous. — Franch. in Nouv, Arch. Mus.
Paris, 8 ser. v. 289 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
1 82. ;S'. petersianus, var. amhoensls, Schinz in Yerhandl. Bot. Ver.
J^randenb. xxx. 250 ; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 150.

Xiower Guinea. An<?ola : in forests l)y the River Cunene, ScJiinz ! near
<Jhilnii(l(', 4000 ft., Baum, 59 ! and without precise locality, Herb. Ferreira. 45i) 1
<termaii South-west Africa : Auiboland, Schinz ; Hererolaud, Giirick, 2d.

Imperfectly knoiun species.

29. S. asper, Oliv. ex L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 01. Seeds whitish,
hairy all over (hairs 1 lin. long), 8 lin. long, obtuse at the base ; awn
2^ in. long, naked for ^ in. from the base, hairs of the plume short,
erect.— /S'. lainevx du Zamheze, Blondel, Stroph. du Comm. 51 ; Pax
in Engl. Jahrb. xv. 384; Payrau, Strophanthus, lOl-lOo, with figs.

Mozamb. Bist. Zambesi Region, Elbonie.

Pax suggests that the seeds might belong to S. j^^tersianiis.

M). S. minor, Christy ex Pax in Engl. Jahrh. xv. 381, 384, 38<>.
Follicles very slender, 1-lf ft. long, 1\ lin. in diam. ; light brown.
♦Seeds 4-7 lin. long or longer, obtuse at the base, brown to greenish,
pale or dark, minutely pubescent, at length glabrous ; awn naked for
\\ in. from the base; plumose part 2 in. long, hairs of plume 1 in. long.
— Franch. in Nouv. Ai-ch. Mus. Paris, 3 ser. v. 252 ; L. Planch. Prod.
Apoc. 44-4{), figs. 3, 4, 5 ; Payrau, Strophanthus,*,82-84. >S', Niger,
Ohristy in Pharm. Journ. and Trans, xx. (18S9), 318. t>. du Niger,
Blondel, Stroph. du Comm. 20.

Upper Guinea. Niger Territory, (iold Coast?

Pax suggests that S. minor is identical with S. scaber.

31. S. xnirabilis, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 159. A shrub,
4|-G ft. high ; branches divaricate, numerous, brown and sparingly
crispo-pubescent when young, soon glabrescent, at length greyish-
brown ; internodes very short. Leaves oblong, rounded at the tips,
acute at the base, 7i-l() lin. long, 2^-4 lin. broad, more or less
chartaceous, minutely crispo-puberulous when quite yoiing, soon
sparingly scabridulous or quite glabrous; nerves and veins very incon-
spicuous ; petiole J-| lin. long. Flowers solitary on the ends of the
branches and branchlets ; bracts 1?, lin. long, lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate ; pedicels very short. Calyx 4-4 J lin. long, densely covered
outside with minute greyish hairs ; sepals foiiaceous, spathulate-oblong,
obtuse. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped to campanulate, sparingly and
minutely pubescent, 5^ lin. long, 3 lin. wide at the mouth; lobes broad-
ovate, '2h~o lin. long, gradually passing into the linear somewhat fleshy
recurved tails which are IJ-lJ in. long; throat-scales fleshy, linear,
l|-2 lin. long. Follicles narrow, 7-10 in. long, 5-0 J lin. thick, streaked
with white ; tips knob-shaped.

xrile Iiand. Galla Country : (iave Libin, near Wonte and Anole, near the
Guuale River, 500-600 ft., in dense bush, Elhnbeck, 2205 !

Strophanthiis.^ Lxxxiv. apocyxace^ (stapf). 187

Gilg says that this species occupies an isohited position in the frenus. Not
liaving seen it myself when the key was drawn np, I placed the si)ecies here.
Since tlien I have been ahle to exanjine an authentic sju'cinien, and have no donht
that it comes nearest to S. gracilis.

32. S. sp.) Heckel in Ann. Inst. Colon. Marseille^ iv. 201 -2(»«, icith
plate. Follicles cylindric, obtuse, subemarginate, B in. long, 1-I|in.
in diam. when closed, almost smooth. Seeds oblong, shortly acumi-
nate, velvety, reddish-brown, (5-7 lin. long, 2-2^ lin. broad ; awn
l-|-li- in. long, naked part 2-2^ lin. long; hairs Ij-H in. long. —
Strophanthus cVAutran, Heckel, I.e. ; Payrau, Strophanthus, 1 011-110,
with figs.

£ower Guinea, (laboon : (Tiirgue, near Libreville, Ant ran.

P>:1 S. sp., Fax in Enyl Jahrh. xv. o84. Follicles 7-10 in.
long, 2\ in. broad, greyish-brown to brown, very hard. Seeds brown,
obtuse at the base or subobtuse, O-G^ lin. long; awn 2},-2h in. long,
the naked part longer than the plumose. — Karzfriichti'ger Strophcmt/ms,
Pax, I.e.

A dru<^ imported, according to Pax, from West Africa, Lake Victoria, Kili-
manjaro and the Mozambique Coast.

e»

34. S. sp., Pax in Engl. Jahrh. xv. 3^."). Follicles lO-l:^ in. long
slender, brownish, moderately iiard. Seeds greenish-brown, very acute
at the base, 10 lin. long; awn plumose from the base, 10 lin. long;
hairs lO-lo lin. long. — Senegal Stroj^hanthas, Pax, I.e.

Upper Guinea. Upper Senegal.

35. S. sp., Helbing in Pharm. Journ. xvii. (.18S7), 74S. Seeds
similar to those of S. Komhe, but more densely covered with looser,
longer, almost white silky hairs. — " White StropJumthus," Helbing, I.e.

nXozamb. Dist. Sliire Highland?.

31. ISONEMA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 712.

Calyx small, subcoriaceous ; sepals 5, almost free, imbricate, acute,
alternating with large 2-3-partite glands. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube
naked at the mouth, cylindric ; lobes with a lateral crisp lobe on the
inner (left) side, inflexed in bud, overlapping to the right. Stamens
inserted near the mouth of the corolla ; anthers conniving in a
cone, exserted, lanceolate, sagittate, wings thin with thick incurved
margins ; tails slender, acute ; foot of connective rather flat with a dense
tuft of hairs in the centre ; filaments filiform, short, passing into long
thin much projecting hairy ridges on the corolla-tube. Disc o. Carpels
2, free ; style filiform, long ; stigma capitate, 5-grooved, viscous, with a
reflexed frill at the base, and a small 2-lobed apiculus, agglutinated to
the hair-tuft of the anthers; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Moricarps
follicular, cylindric, slender, divaricate; placenta much intruding.

1H8 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^. (stapf). [Isonema.

Seeds narrow, linear-oblong, compressed, with an apical and a smaller
basal tuft of hairs, not known in the mature state (immature embryo
v/ith flat cotyledons). — Glabrous or hairy climbing shrubs. Leaves
opposite ; secondary nerves conspicuously looping below the margin,
distant ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands 0 or obscure.* Flowers in
terminal pyramidal pa.nicles, middle-sized.

Species 3, eudeiuic.

Young branches rusty tomentose ; leaves liirsute
below.
Corolla-tube funnel-shaped ; ovary nearly quite

glabrous . . . . . . .1,7. Infund ihulijlorum.

Corolla-tube cylindric; ovary tomentose . . 2. I. Smeathmanni.

Young branches minutely puberulous ; leaves

glabrous 3. 7. BuchhoJzii.

1. I, infuiadibuHflorixm, aS'^^P/ m /L'e?^ ^^t^Zeim, 1898, 800. A
small shrub, about ?> ft. high ; young branches brownish tomentose,
latei' on glabrescent, at length blackish. Leaves oblong, acutely acumi-
nate, rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, \\-2 in. broad, coriaceous,
glabrous above, sparingly hirsute on the nerves below ; secondary nerves
5-0 on each side, prominent below ; petiole 2 lin. long. Panicles
solitary or >> from the branch-tops, 1-1 J in. long, short, rufo-tomentose ;
lower branches with :3-6 flowers ; upper more reduced ; peduncle h-\\
in. long; bracts minute, caducous; pedicels 2 lin. long. Calyx IJ lin.
'ong, puberulous ; sepals ovate, acuminate. Corolla red with yellow
borders, minutely tomentose without; tube funnel-shaped, 4 lin. long;
lobes ») lin. long, lateral appendix large. Stamens i>h lin. long. Ovary
tops sparingly hairy. — Stapf in De Wild, t Dura.nd,"Contrib. Fl. Congo
i. 40; De Wild. & Durand, lUustr. Fl. Congo, i. v. t. lii. ; K. Schum.
in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 308 ; De Wild. & Durand,
Reliq. Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Con^o, Bot. 3 ser., fasc. ii. 154.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Equateur (Equatorville ?), Deivevre,
554 ! Coquilhatville, Schlechter, 12602.

2. I, Smeathmanni, Roem. d- Schvltes, Syst. Vey. iv. 401. A
more or less hairy climber ; young branches rusty tomentose, ultiroatfely
glabrate and blackish, terete. Leaves oblong, cuspidate or subacumi-
nate, rounded or very slightly cordate at the base, generally 3-4 in.
long, l-J- If in. broad, coriaceous, hairy on the midrib above, m.ore or
less hirsute on the nerves and often between them below, at length often
glabrescent ; secondary nerves about G on each side, much raised below ;
petiole i-3 lin. long. Panicles narrow, stiff", rusty tomentose; peduncle
rather stout, 1-1 J in. long ; bracts small, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate ;
pedicels from very short to 3 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin. long ; sepals broad,
ovate, acute, pubescent. Corolla reddish, pubescent outside ; tube
cylindric, 4 lin. long; lobes oblong, 3 lin. long; lateral appendage
small. Anthers IJ lin. long. Ovary tomentose. Follicles velvety,
yellowish-brown, 5-6 in. long. Seeds 7 lin. long; apical tuft 2 in. long,

Isonema.] lxxxiv. ArocYNACE^ (staff). 1H9

yellowish-brown. — A. DC. Prod. viii. 415; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl.
450; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 184, fig. Ql, E.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Keudelot, 912 ! Sainu Country, iScott-EUiot,
4305 ! Sierra Leone : Bagru River, Mann, 824 ! Kareni to Port Lokko, ^c(jtt-
'Elliot, 5814 ! Liberia : Grand Bassa, Vogel, 65 ! Ansell ! and without i)recise
locality, Millen. 199 ! Gold Coast, Burton !

3. I. Buchholzii, Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 340. An almost
glabrous climber, 10-20 ft. high ; branches terete, dark brown or black
in a dry state, minutely rusty puberuious when young, soon quite
glabrous. Leaves elliptic or oblong, abruptly and shortly acuminate,
rounded at the base, 2J-3 J in. long, 1 J-2 in. broad, coriaceous, glabrous,
shiny above ; secondary nerves about 5-6 on each side, rather promi-
nent; petiole 2-3 lin. long. Panicles pyramidal or subcorymbose,
puberuious, mostly very loose, up to 6 in. long and broad : peduncle
1 in. long or hardly any; bracts very small, ovate; pedicels 2 lin. long
or shorter. Calyx 1 lin. long, minutely pubescent ; sepals ovate-
lanceolate. Corolla red, very minutely pubescent outside ; tube 4 lin.
long ; lobes oblong, '2^ lin. long ; lateral appendage rather large.
Anthers 1 lin. long. Ovary tomentose. — K. Sebum, in Engl, k Prantl,
Pfianzenfam. iv. ii. 184.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon River, Mann, 744 ! 221-1 ! Mungo,
BucJiholz ! Johann Albrechtshohe, Staudt, 481 !

Mann describes the corolla as red, Engier as white.

32. PUNTUMIA, Stapf in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1900, 2, and in Hook.
Ic. PI. tt. 2694-2.695.

Calyx small, subcoriaceous, with liattened glands inside the base ;
sepals 5, imbricate, almost free, broad, more or less obtuse. Corolla
salver-shaped ; tube widened at or just above the middle, very thick and
fleshy in the upper part ; mouth very narrow, naked ; lobes linear to
oblong, overlapping to the right. Stamens 6, inserted at the middle of
the corolla-tube ; filaments very short, stout ; anthers conniving in
a cone, included, lanceolate, acuminate, sagittate ; appendages about as
long as the polliniferous part, stout, shortly tailed ; foot of connective
broad, convex, with a tongue-shaped projection from the middle and a
minutely tomentose cushion below passing over the filament into the
hairy filamental ridge. Disc tubular, 5-lobed or 5-partite, fleshy.
Carpfels free, truncate, abruptly contracted into the style, exserted
from or shorter than the disc ; style filiform ; stigma ovoid-«lavate,
5-grooved, obscurely apiculate, adnate to the projection of the foot of
the connective, profusely exuding glutinous matter ; ovules numerous,
multiseriate. Mericarps 2, follicular, divaricate, oblong to spindle-
shaped, coriaceous or woody. Seeds spindle-shaped with a plumose
basal awn ; endosperm fleshy, thin ; cotyledons contortuplicate. —
Trees, sometimes very tall. Leaves opposite, coriaceous; axillary

]IH> Lxxxiv. ArocYXAC'E.t: (staff). [Funtumiu.

stipules 0 ; axillary glands small, numerous. Flowers small or middle-
sized, in congested axillary cymes, whitish or yellowish.
Species 3, endemic.

Flower-buds cylindric, 7-9 lin. long; corolia-lobes

linear, distinctly longer than the tube. . . 1. F. africana.

Flower-buds conical, 3-6 lin. long ; corolla-lobes
oblong, shorter than the tube.
Corolla-tube glabrous without, constricted near the

base; disc exceeding the ovary, 5-creiiulate . 2. F. elastica.
Corolla-tube very minutely pubescent without,
constricted just below the middle ; disc
shorter than the ovary, 5-lobed , . . 3. jP. latifolia.

1 . F. africana, Stajrfin Proc. Linn. Soc. 1900, 2. A tree 15-80 ft.
high ; tiunk cylindric ; bark grey, smooth ; branchlets terete or com-
pressed below the nodes, more or less black when dry. Leaves oblong,
rarely ovate-oblong, shortly and abruptly acuminate, attenuated or
rounded at the base, 5-1) in. long, 1^-3 j in. broad; margins undulate,
quite glabrous above, usually pubescent and always efoveolate in the
leaf -axils; secondary nerves O-IO (rarely 11) on each side, oblique;
veins obscure ; petiole 2-4: lin. long. Cymes shortly peduncled, many-
flowered, dense, glabrous ; peduncle o lin. long ; bracts small, ovate,
acute or subacute ; pedicels up to 2 lin. long. Calyx 1 J lin. long ;
sepals broad-ovate or elliptic, each with several glands at the base.
Corolla yellowish, subcylindric and 7-9 lin. long in bud ; tube con-
stricted just below the middle, 3-4 lin. long, glabrous ; lobes linear,
5-G lin. long. Disc 5-lobed or 5-partite, shorter than the ovary.
Follicles spindle-shaped, acutely acuminate, semiteiete, sides slightly
keeled. Seeds 6-8 lin. long ; awn IJ-lf in. long, naked at the base,
hairs 21 lin. long.— Stapf in Hook. Ic. PI. tt. 2G96-2697 ; Schlechter,
Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 236 ; De Wild, in Rev. Cult. Colon, x.
(1902), 74. Kickxia africuTuiy Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. 1. 1276 ; Henriques
in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 141 ; Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 90, and in
Kew Bulletin, 1895, 244, with plate (excl. the fruit); K. Schum. in
Notizbh Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i. 217-221 with figures (excl. the
fruit) ; Warb. in Tropenpfl. i. 99-103 with figures (excl. the fruit) ;
Lecomte in Rev. Cult. Colon, i. 12-19, 41-47, figs. 1 and 2 ; Preuss in
Tropenpfl. iii. 65-71 ; Jumelle, Les Plant, a Caoutch. 68-73, fig. 10 (excl.
the fruit) ; Preuss in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, ii. 353-360,
t. 2 ; De Wild, in Rev. Cult. Colon, vii. 633, 634 and 747 ; Schlechter
in Tropenpfl. iv. 326-330, and 41, 158, 160, 194, 202, 206, 235, 236, 238
(with fig.), 307; Yilb. in Warb. Plant, a Caoutch. 201, fig. 14.
K. africana, vars. Klainii and inera, Pierre ex Stapf in Hook. Ic. PI.
tt. 2696-2697. K. Zenkeri, K. Schum. in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin, iil 81. K. Gilletii, De Wild, in Rev. Cult. Colon, vii. 744.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near Kukuna, on the Scarcies River, Scoti-
Elliot, 4506 ! Bagru River, Mann, 817 ! and without precise locality, Haydon f
Ivory Coast: Daban, Jolly, 174! 1691! Gold Coast : Sehwhi (Sefwhi) and Wani
District, Armitage ! Koforidua, Johnson, 434 ! East Akim, Johnson, 692 ! Togo : in
forest on Amedjove Mountain, Schlechter, 12979 (ex Schumann) ; very common in

Fanttimia.] lxxxiv. apocynace.e (stapf). 191

the forests of the A^ome Mountains, and in the Boeni country, ex Schlechter.
Soutliern Nigeria: Bonny, Kalhreyer, 82 I Opobo, Holland, lo7 ! Adiabo, Holland^
294! Cross River, at Itu, Holland, .") ! and at Ekure, Holland, 160 ! Camerocnis :
forest near Victoria, Preuss, 1382! Bipiude, Zenker, 2280 ! 2280a ! Upper basin
of the Munaro Hiver, ex Schlechter. Fernando Po, Mann!

3Lower Guinea. Gaboon : Libreville, Klaine, 662 ! Lower Congo : Kisantu,
Gillet !

The rubber obtained from this species is sticky like birdlime, and therefore
worthless.

2. F. elastica, Stapf in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1900, 2. A tree, up to
100 ft. high ; trunk erect, cylindric ; bark pale, spotted; branchlets
terete, blackish when dry. Leaves oblong or lanceolate-oblong, acumi-
nate, attenuate at the base, 5-9 in. long, lj-2i in. broad, undulate,
quite glabrous, foveolate in the leaf axils ; secondary nerves 7-11 on each
side, oblique; veins inconspicuous; petiole 2-5 lin. long. Cymes
shortly peduncled, many-flowered, dense, glabrous; peduncle up to ^5 lin.
long ; bracts small, broad-ovate, obtuse or subacute; pedicels lh~'-^\ lin.
long. Calyx 2-2| lin. long ; sepals very broad, ovate or rotundate ;
intracalycular glands usually 2 with each sepal. Corolla white or
yellowish, conical in bud, up to (I lin. long ; tube constricted above the
base, 3^-4 lin. long, glabrous without ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 2h-» lin.
long. Stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube. Disc
5-partite ; segments crenate, slightly exceeding the ovary. Follicles
oblong-clavate when closed, obtuse or rotundate at the apex, woody,
obscurely keeled along the sides, 6 in. long. Seeds G-9 lin. long ; awn
liV-2| in. long, naked to the middle, hairs up to 2.1, lin. long. — Schlechter,
Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 23G ; Stapf in Hook. Ic. PI. tt. 2C94-
95 ; De Wild, in flev. Cult. Colon, x. 74-70. Kickxia elastlca, Preuss
in Notizbl. Kunigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, ii. 353—360, t. i. ; Warburg.
Kautschukpfl. 112, 153 and Plant, a Caoutch. 205; Vilb. in Warb.
Plant. aCaoutch. 204, fig. 15,200,207; Schlechter in Tropenpfl. iv. 109-
12(»; De Wild, in Bev. Cult. Colon, vii. 033, 634, 743-747. K.
africanay Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 244, with plate (the fruit
only); K. Schum. in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i. 217-221
with plate (the fruit only); Warb. in Tropenfl. i. 99-103 with plate
(the fruit only); Lecomte in Rev. Cult. Colon, i. 12-19, 41-47, fig. 2
(the fruit only); Jumelle, Les Plant, a Caoutchouc, 08-7^), fig. 10
(fruit only) ; Thonner in De Wild, cfe Durand, PI. Thonner. Congol.
xii. ; Henriques, Der Kautschuk, 18, t. iii.; Warb. Kautschukpfl. 110-
112 and Plant, a Caoutch. 200-205 partly; not of Benth.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Mamiwug- Hills, Johnson, 255 ! Seliwhi
(Sefwhi) and Warn Districts, Armitage ! Ashanti : Assin-Yan-Kumassi, Cummins,
217! Lagos: Jebu District, Millen, 1781 Ibadan, Olubi! forests between
Ishagarao and Ibadan, Schlechter, '\2^ld\ and without precise locality. Punch!
Denton ! Southern Nigeria : Old Calabar, Holland, 162 ! Lloyd ! Abarogba, on
the Cross Kwct, Holland, 158! 159! 161 ! between Insofan and Obeyou, Holland,
243! Cameroons: right bank of the Mungo River, between Malende nnd Xyoke,
and between Nyoke and Moyoka, Preuss, 1381 ! forests on the Upper Mungo River

102 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^. (stapf). [Funtumia.

as far as the Bakossi Mountains, ScJilechter ; plentiful in the basin of the Ngoko
(Goko), and Dscba CJali) Rivers, Schlechter, 12746 !

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Ubangi District ; Libenge, on the River
Lopore, Mardulier ! North of the Congo at Ngali, Thonner, 13 ! and without precise
locality, Laurent, 3036 ! basin of the Upper Ituri, Arnold !

This is one of the most important rubber trees of Africa, concerning which much
information can be found in Schlechter's Westafr. Kautschuk-Expedition. Some of
the fruits collected by Holland at Abarogba are remarkably small. Considering the
difficulty of distinguishing F. elastica from F. africana and F. latifoUa in the
absence of flowers or fruits it may be useful to point out that the presence of
minute pits (acarodomitia) in the nerve axils on the underside of the leaves
of F. elastica and their absence in the other species is a cx)nvenient and, as it
seems, reliabh" character. Mr. J. H. Holland, who first called my attention to
it, found it very useful in the field.

o. F. latifolia^ Stajif ex Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. '2?)^.
A tree about 50 ft. high ; trunk straight, up to more than 3 ft. in
diam. ; branchlets somewhat compressed in the upper part, otherwise
terete, very minutely pubescent or almost glabrous, blackish when dry.
Leaves oblong, lanceolate-oblong or elliptic, abruptly acuminate,
rounded, acute or cuneate at the base, G-10 in, long, 2J-4 in, broad,
minutely pubescent in bud, soon quite glabrous, margins undulate ;
nerve-axils efoveolate; secondary nerves 10-15 on each side; veins
obscure ; petiole o-5 lin. long. Cymes shortly ped uncled, many-
flowered, dense, very minutely pubescent ; peduncle 2-o lin. long ;
bracts small, ovate, acute or subacute ; pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Calyx
IJ-li lin, long; sepals ovate, subacute, sparingly and minutely pubes-
cent on the back, each with two glands at the base. Corolla white,
more or less delicately velvety without, short, conical or subcylindric
and 6 lin. long in bud ; tube constricted just below the middle,
3-4 lin. long ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 2J-4 lin. long. Stamens inseited
at the middle of the corolla-tube. Disc 5-lobed ; lobes entire or crenu-
late, broadly rotundate, surrounding the ovary to § of its height.
Follicles lanceolate when closed, acute, 5-G in, long, laterally acutely 2-
carinate, thin, woody. Seeds 9-10 lin. long, more or less covered with
long and somewhat deciduous silky hairs; awn 11-12 lin. long, hairs
2 in. long. — Stapf in Hook. Ic. PI. sub tt. 2694-2695. Kickxia latifolia,
Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 307 and in De Wild. & Durand, Contrib.
Fl. Congo, i. 42; De Wild, & Durand, l.c, fasc, ii, 41 ; Preuss in
Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i. 353-359, fig, A-H ; Schlechter in
Tropenpfl. iv. 30 and Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 63, 64, 125 with
fig., 236, 307 ; Warb. Kautschukpfl. 112 and Plant, a Caoutch. 205 : De
Wild, in Rev, Cult. Colon, vii. 633, 634 ; De Wild, k Durand, Reliq.
Dewevr. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. ser, iii. fasc. i. 157 ; Vilb. in Warb.
Plant, a Caoutch. 205, fig. 16, 207. K. Scheffleri, K. Schum. in Notizbl.
Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 81. K. congoUina, De Wild, in Rev. Ciilt.
Colon, vii. 745.

IiOTirer Guinea. Lower Congo : Kisantu, Gillet, 387 !

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : along the River Congo at Eangala,
Dewevre, 867 ! near New Antwerp, Duchesne, 14 ! and near Coqu'lbatville, Gentil !

Funtumia.] Lxxxiv. apocyxace.e (staff). 10:>

Schlechter, 12596. Lake Leopold II, District ; Kutu Jball, Kiri XAXey, Bolle !
Delhez Mission, Delhez ! near Lusarabo, on the River Sankuru, Luja !

IVCozamb. ]>ist. Zanzibar: Dunga Estate, Lijne ! German East Africa:
Usambara; Lutindi, Eolst, 3380! Derema, Scheffler, 17G !

This species does not seem to ^ield any serviceable rubber.

33. MASCABBNHASIA, A. DC. ; Benth. et Hook,
f. Gen. Pi. ii. 721.

Calyx small, herbaceous, multiglandular inside the base ; sepals
almost free, imbricate, ovate or oblong. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube
cylindric, generally suddenly constricted below the insertion of the
stamens, mouth naked ; lobes 5, oblong, induplicate-valvate, straight or
twisted in bud. Stamens inserted near the mouth or at or below the
middle of the corolla-tube ; filaments very short ; anthers lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, sagittate, appendages as long as or longer than
the polliniferoua part, tailed ; foot of the connective glabrous, chan-
nelled above, with a tongue-shaped projection from the middle, hairv
below. Disc large, tubular or cup-sha,ped, shortly o-lobed or divided
into 5 glands, 4 of which are connate in pairs. Carpels 2, free, exserted
from or shorter than the disc ; style filiform ; stigma oblong or cylindric
with a papillose rim, at the base and a minute bifid apiculus, tightly
attached to the foot of the connective ; ovules numerous, pluriseriate.
Mericarps follicular, linear, slender, div.'tricate. Seeds linear-oblong,
rather obtuse at both ends with an apical coma ; endosperm scanty or
0 ; cotyledons linear or oblong, slightly undulate in cross section ;
radicle cylindric. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite ; axillary
stipules 0 ; axillary glands obscure. Flowers usually conspicuous,
pink or purple, solitary or in few-flowered fascicles, terminal or pseudo-
axillary.

Species 12-15, all but 2 in Madagascar.

Leaves niirnnvly oblong, 3J-5i in. long, 4-!^ in.
broad; corolla up to 8 lin. long; disc slightly 5-
lobed . . . . . . . . L M. variegaia.

Leaves oblong, 3-10 in. long, 1^—2^ in. broad ; corolla
up to 6 liii. long; disc of 5 glands, di>tinct or
connate in pairs . . . . . . 2. 31. elasiica.

1. M. variegata, Britten <l- Rendle in Trans. JAnn. Soc. ser. 2,
Bot. iv. 26, t. \i.Jigs. 1-3. — A glabrous shrub ; branches terete, pallid.
Leaves narrowly oblong, obtuse or obscurely acuminate, acute at the
base, 3^-5j in. long, f-l^ in. bn^ad, coriaceous, glaucous, at least when
mature ; secondary nerves about 8 on each side, very faint ; petiole
2-3 lin. long. Cymes few-flowered or reduced to a single flower, sub-
sessile ; bracts minute; pedicel 2-3 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin. long; seg-
ments ovate, subacute. Corolla-tube constricted at the middle, 4-5 lin.
long; lobes ovate, acuminate, 3 lin. long, densely villous within. Disc

104 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Mascarenhosia .

longer than the ovary, slightly 5-lobed. Carpels and style fulvo-
puberulous.

IVfozaml). Slst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland; Mount Mlanje, 6000 ft.,
JFhyte, 108 !

2. M. elastica, K. Schum. in JVotizhl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin,
i. 2G8 with Jig. A tall tree with slender branches, perfectly glabrous.
Leaves oblong, obtuse or obtusely and shortly acuminate, acute at the
base, 3-10 in. long, 1^-2 J in. broad, coriaceous; secondary nerves about
10 on each side; petiole up to Ij lin. long. Cymes axillary and ter-
minal, few-flowered ; peduncle about 4 lin. long; pedicels short.
Calyx Ij lin. long; segments triangular- ovate, acute. Corolla-tube
much constricted below the middle, subglobosely widened at the base,
finely tomentose without, 4 lin. long ; lobes oblong, subacute, up to 2
lin. long. Anthers If lin. long, inserted at the middle. Disc of 5 seg-
ments, distinct or connate in pairs, exceeding the ovary. Ovary
puberulous at the top ; style slightly hairy. Follicles purplish-black,
glabrous, subsulcate, 3-3 J in. long. — Warb. in Tropenpfl. iii. (1899),
183, 220, 221, with fig.; Kautschukpfl. 115, and Plant, a Caoutch.
215; Yilb. in Warb. Plant, a Caoutch. 216; Busse in Tropenpfl. iv.
{1900) 581 ; K. Schum. in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 43.
M. caustica (by error), K. Schum. I.e. ii. 268.

AXozamb. Dist. German East Africa : between Dar-es-Salaam and Mbaffu,
near Vikindo, in Vilansi District, StuMmann ; Sachsenwald, near Dar-es-Salaam,
Sedde ; Kola, Busse.

The " Mgoa tree " of the natives of Usaramo. It is used for making rubber ; but
the product is of inferior quality. The wood is said to be excellent timber.

34. MALOUETIA, A. DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 708.

Calyx small, subcoriaceous or herbaceous; sepals almost free, obtuse
or subacute, imbricate, with 1-2 basal glands within. Corolla salver-
shaped ; tube cylindric, slender, somewhat abruptly constricted at the
middle or higher up .(often close to the mouth) and slightly wider
above the constriction, t)r with 5 or 10 small scale-like or subconfluent
callous tubercles at the mouth. Stamens inserted at the constriction
of the corolla-tube ; anthers conniving in a cone, included or more or
less exserted, subsessile, lanceolate, sagittate ; appendages hard, stout ;
tails very acute ; foot of the connective with an abruptly projecting
ridge with stifi" hairs on the flanks. Disc annular or cupular, entire or
5-lobed. Carpels 2, free, or connate at the base ; style filiform ; stigma
oblong, clavate, densely papillose, with a minute 2-lobed glabrous
apiculus, agglutinated to the foot of the connective ; ovules numerous,
2_4-seriate. Mericarps follicular, linear, acuminate, slightly, constricted
between the seeds, more or less spreading. Seeds linear-lanceolate,
not comose, more or less concave on the ventral face ; endosperm scanty ;
cotyledons thin, flat or concavo-convex; radicle cylindric. — Glabrous
trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, subcoriaceous or papery ; axillary

Malouetia.'] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 195

stipules 0 or very obscure and joined into a fine rim across the stem ;
axillary glands scanty and fugacious. Flowers on slender pedicels in
few- to many-flowered subsessile umbelliform terminal and pseudo-
lateral inflorescences.

Species about 16, 1 in tropical West Africa, tlie others in tropical America.

1. M. Heudelotii, vl. />C. Prod. viii. 380. Perfectly glabrous;
branches terete, dark reddish- brown. Leaves oblong, acuminate, acute
at the base, '6^-bh in. long, 1J-2J in. broad, thin, papery; secondary
nerves 7-9 on each side ; petiole 2-3 lin. long. Cymes few-flowered,
subsessile ; bracts very small ; pedicels slender, up to 4 lin. long.
Calyx 1 lin. long ; sepals ovate, subacute. Corolla white ; tube 5-5^
lin. long, with confluent tubercles at the mouth ; lobes oblong, acuminate
or cuspidate, 4|^-5 lin. long, puberulous at the base. Disc 5-lobed.
Anthers IJ lin. long. Follicles 7-10 in. long. Seeds H-lf in. long,
1 J lin. broad, scantily pubescent at both ends, but chiefly at the upper
subulate end. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 450. M. africana, K. Schum.
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 187.

Upper Guinea. Seuegambia, Heudelot, 714 ! 890 ! French Guinea :
Scarcies Valley; near Sasseiii, Scott-TJlliot, 4430! 4524! near Bayabaya, Scott-
miiot, 4782 ! near Wallia, Scott-Elliot, 4785 ! Sierra Leone : Kukuna, by tlie
River Scarcies, Scott-Elliot, 4242 ! 4626 ! Madiua, Scott-Elliot, 5566 !

35. ALAFIA, Thouars; Benth. et Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. 717.

Calyx small, herbaceous; sepals 5, imbricate, broadly ovate, obtuse,
alternating with small intracalycular glands. Corolla salver-shaped ;
tube cylindric, slightly widened at or just below the middle, without
scales or calli within ; mouth usually very narrow ; lobes 5, oveilapping
to the right. Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube; fila-
ments very short, flattened ; anthers conniving in a cone, almost reach-
ing to the mouth of the corolla or shortly exserted, linear to lanceolate,
acute, sagittate ; appendages longer than the polliniferoiis part ; tails
short ; foot of the connective with a hairy elongated cushion or a
tongue-shaped projection. Disc 0. Carpels 2, free, short, very ob-
tuse ; style clavate-filiform, passing into the flask-shaped, shortly
apiculate stigma which exudes glutinous matter below the constriction
attaching it firmly to the foot of the connective ; ovules numerous,
pluriseriate. Mericarps follicular, slightly spreading, slender, cylindric.
Seeds linear-lanceolate with a deciduous apical coma ; embryo unknown.
— Scandent shrubs with more or less fistular branches. Leaves opposite,
coriaceous ; secondary nerves rather distant. Flowers generally in
many-flowered terminal or pseudo-axillary corymbs or pseudo-umbels or
in few- flowered cymes, rarely solitary.

Species about 12 in tropical Africa and Madagascar,
ilowers white in usually many-flowered corymbs,
or yellow in few-flowercLl cymee.

196

LXXXIV. APOCYNACE^ (STAPF.)

[Alafia.

Leaves large, 7-10 in, long, 4-5^ in. broad . 1. A. grandis.

Leaves smaller.

Leaves very abruptly caudate-acuminate;
corolla-tube 4-41 lin. long ; style puberu-
lous , . . . . . . 2. A. Schumannii.

Leaves not abruptly caudate-acuminate; corolla-
tube about 2 lin. long ; style glabrous.
Flowers white with a red centre ; corolla-
lobes slightly shorter to slightly longer
than the tube.
Corymbs subsessile or shortly peduncied ;
secondary nerves 9-11 on each side;
petiole 2-5 lin. long
Corymbs mostly on long slender peduncles ;
secondary nerves 6-9 ou each side ;
petiole 1-2 lin. long
Flowers yellow with a red centre ; corolla-
lobes distinctly longer than the tube.
Leaves 2-4 in. long, 1-1| iu. broad;
secondary nerves 4-5 on each side,
oblique ......

Leaves 1^-2 in. long, ^-| in. broad;
secondary nerves about 8 on each
side, very oblique ....

Flov/ers w-hite (where known), in 7-2-fiowered
peduncied pseudo-umbels; intra- calycuiar glands
distinct.
Inflorescence delicately puberulous ; sepals ovate-
lanceolate, acute ; anther-cone distinctly

exserted ^. A. Butayei.

Inflorescence glabrous; sepals ovate, obtuse;

anther-cone just reaching to tiie moutli , 8. A. caudata.
Flowers white, in few-flowered subsessile cymes;

intra-calycular glands very minute . . . 9. A. sarinentosa.

3. A. landolphioides^

4. A. Barter

5. A. lucida.

6, A. Benthamii.

1. A, grandis, Stapf. Branches terete, velvety. Leaves broad-
elliptic, shortly acuminate or sometimes emarginate, rounded at
the base, 7-10 in. long, 4-5J in. broad, subcoriaceous, rather thick^
glossy and glabrous above, hairy below especially on the nerves;
secondary nerves 10-12 on each side, arching below the margin and
raised like the loosely anastomosing veins. Cymes many- flowered,,
contracted, finely pubescent or velvety ; peduncles very short or up to
fin. long; bracts minute, broad-ovate, obtuse ; pedicels up to 1|^ lin.
long. Calyx rather velvety, 1-1 J lin. long ; sepals ovate, obtuse.
Corolla white with a scarlet throat; tube 2^-3 lin. long, hairy inside-
below the stamens, velvety without ; lobes suborbicular, as long as th&
tube, somewhat hairy at the mouth. Staminal cone not quite reaching
to the corolla-mouth, 2 lin. long. Carpels puberuious. — Tahernamon-
tana erythrophthahna, K Schiim. MSS.

Upper Guinea.

tOl!

Cameroons : Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker ^ Standi, 213 !.

Alafia.] Lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 197

2. A. Schuioiannii, Stapf. Branches greyish when dry, glabrous.
Leaves elliptic to broadly oblong, abruptly caudate-acuminate (acumen
linear, obtuse, up to 7 lin. long, 1-1^ lin. broad), obtuse or acute at tlie
base, 4-5 in. long, 2-2^ in. broad, subcoriaceous, quite glabrous ;
.secondary nerves 7-8 on each side, oblique ; veins faintly r-aised below,
loosely anastomosing; petiole slender, 4-5 lin. long. Corymbs
terminal, shortly peduncled, dense, many-flowered, finely pubescent,
particularly in the upper part ; bracts small, ovate, acute ; pedicels
slender, up to 2 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin. long, minutely puberulous ;
sepals ovate, subobtuse ; glands conspicuous, denticulate. Corolla
glabrous without ; tube slightly widened below the middle, rather
etout, 4-4^ lin. long; lobes broad, obliqueJy obovate, 4 lin. long,
fimbriate on one side, Staminal cone just reaching the corolla-
mouth, 2J lin. long. Carpels densely and very minutely puberulous
also on the inner face with the exception of a small ])asal area, partly
connate at the very base ; style cylindric, puberulous, J lin. long.

Upper <£uiaea. Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 1662 !

3. A, landolpMoides, K. >Schum. in Engl, d- Prantl, Fftanzenfam.
iv. ii. 165. A high climbing shrub, quite glabrous except the inflores-
cences; blanches terete, black when dry. Leaves oblong, obovate-
oblong or elliptic, obtusely acuminate, acute or rounded at the base,
3|-5J in. long, 1^-2 in. broad, subcoriaceous, rather thin, somewhat
shining and very dark above when dry, olive-brown beneath; secondary
nerves 9-11 on each side, straight; veins faint; petiole 2-5 lin. long.
Corymbs up to 3 in. in diam., fulvo-velvety all over; peduncles
generally very short, rarely up to 1|- in. long ; bracts minute, ovate,
obtuse; pedicels 1-1 J lin. long. Calyx puberulous, J lin. long; sepals
ovate, obtuse. Corolla white or pink with a scarlet throat, 2-2J in.
long ; tube densely hairy below the stamens, otherwise glabrous within ;
lobes broad-elliptic or obovate, 3-4 lin. long, villous near the base, slightly
ciliate along the margin on the inner side. Stamina! cone not quite
reaching to the corolla-mouth, IJ lin. long. Carpels densely pubes-
cent. Follicles glabrous, 9-12 in. long, 2-3 lin. in diam. Seeds G-7
iin. long; coma 18-20 lin. long. — Neriwm scandens, Thonn. in Schum.
& Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI. 148 ; A. DC. Prod. viii. 421.

XJppei* Cruinea. French Guinea : Kiver Nunez, Heudelot, 626 ! 776 !
Gambia, Whitfield ! Sierra Leone : near Kukuna ?, Scott-Elliot, 4676 ! Talla
Hills, at Ninia, Scott-Mliot, 4809 ! Bunce Island, Kirk, 5 ! Gold Coast : Brats !
Aquai[)im, Thonmng ; Krepi, on the Voita River, Johnson, 561 ! Daliomey, Poitson !
Lagos : Lagos Island, Barter, 20218 ! Millen, 173 ! Ebute Metta, Millen, 77 !
Abeokuta, Irving, 145 ! Ikirun, Millson, 6 ! Southern Nigeria : Onitsa, Barter,
1326 partly !

4. A, Barteri, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PZ. i. 1992. A scandent shrub,
quite glabrous except the inflorescence ; branches terete, olive-green
also when dry, rarely blackish. Leaves obovate or elliptic, shortly and
often obscurely acuminate or with rounded tips, acute or rounded at
the base, 2^-4 in. long, 1 J-lJ in. broad, subcoriaceous, rather thick,

198 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (stapf). [Alofia.

dark above, pale green beneath ; secondary nerves G-9 on each side;
veins very faint; petiole 1-2 lin. long. Corymbs rather lax with the
primary branches mostly elongate and spreading, up to 3J in. in diam.,
scantily and very minutely puberulous ; peduncle 1-1 J in. long;
bracts minute, ovate ; pedicels up to 2 lin. long. Calyx J lin. long,,
scantily puberulous or almost glabrous ; sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla
white, fragrant; tube 2 lin. long, hairy below the stamens, very
minutely puberulous above them ; lobes broad, elliptic or almost orbi-
cular, 2 lin. long, villous or glabrous near the base, villous-ciliate on
the inner margin. Staminal cone reaching to the corolla-mouth, Ij
lin. long. Carpels densely pubescent. Follicles very slender, glabrous,
1 ft. long ; seeds 8 lin. long, coma 1 J in. long — K. Schum. in Engl. &
Prantl, Pllanzenfam. iv. ii. 1G5, and in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk.
Exped. 306.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Kwahu, 2000 ft., Johnson, 664 ! Lagos :
Lago?, Millen, 132 ! Punch, 19 ! Oshogbo, Millson I Ishagamo, Schlechter,.
12301 ; Interior, Rowland ! Southern Nigeria : Oiiitsa, Barter, 1321 !

5. A. lucida, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 122. A tall, scandent
shrub, up to 40 ft. high, quite glabrous except the inflorescences ;
branches blackish when dry. Leaves obovate to oblong or elliptic^
obtuse or obscurely acuminate, acute to cuneate at the base, 2-4 in.,
long, 1-lf in. broad, more or less coriaceous, shining and dark above^
pallid below ; secondary nerves 4-5 on each side, oblique ; veins very
lax, faint ; petiole up to 2 J lin. long. Corymbs shortly peduncled or
sessile, many-flowered or reduced to few-flowered cymes, very finely,
and sometimes scantily, puberulous ; peduncle up to 6 lin. long ; bracts
minute ; pedicels slender, up to 2J lin. long. Calyx almost glabrous,
J-} lin. long; sepals ovate. Corolla fragrant, yellow with a red
centre ; tube lJ-2 lin. long ; hairy within below the stamens, other-
wise glabrous or very minutely puberulous ; lobes obliquely truncate-
obovate, ciliolate on the inner side, 3-5 lin. long. Anther-tips very
shortly exserted. Carpels slightly pubescent. Follicles 7-12 in. long,
glabrous. — K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 231. A. cuneata, Stapf,
I.e. 122 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 673. A. reticulata, K. Schum.
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 165. Wrightia Stuhlmannii,
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 319, and in Engl. & Prantl, I.e.
183.

Upper Guinea. Niger Delta : hanks of the River Nun, Mann, 491 ! Old
Calubar River, Mann, 2245 ! Cameroons : Yaunde, Ztnker S^ Staudt, 145 ! Bipinde,
Zenker, 1450 !

Wile Xiand. Uganda: Entebbe Forest, Whyte,K\ Mahon / and without
precise locality, Johnston !

Ziower Guinea. Gaboon : Muni (Danger) River, Mann, 1752 ! Angola :
Grolungo Alto ; in dense forests of Alto Queta and near Caniilungo, Weiwitsc\
5953 ! Luanda, Welwitsch, 5954 !

nCozamb. 3>ist. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Bukoba, Stuhlmanny
8611 1

Alajia.] Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (staff). 19^

6. A. Benthamii, Siapf. A climbing shrub, 15-30 ft. high;
young branches minutely tomentose, soon glabrescent, terete, divaricate.
Leaves obovate, oblong or obtusely lanceoliite, obtuse or obscurely
acuminate, cuneate at the base, 1 1-2 in. long, 4-9 lin. broad, coriaceous,,
quite glabrous ; secondary nerves very oblique, about 8 on each side ;
veins branching and running from the marginal loops towards the
midrib ; nerves and veins raised on both sides ; petiole 8-5 lin. long.
Cymes few-flowered, minutely puberulous, very shortly peduncled ;
bracts minute ; pedicels 2-8| lin. long. Calyx not quite 1 lin. long ;
sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla yellow with a deep red centre ; tube 2 lin.
long ; lobes ciliolate, 4 lin. long. Staminal cone reaching to the mouth
of the corolla, 1 lin. long. Carpels minutely pubescent. Follicles
glabrous, 5 in. long. — Ectinocladus Benth/imi, Baill. Hist. Plantes,.
X, 211 (name only) ; Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 88 ; K. Schum. in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 1G5.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : by the Scarcies River, near Mofari, Scott-
Elliot, 4440 ! Southern Nigeria : Old Calabar, Thomson, 117 !

7. A. Butayei, Stapf. Young branches very minutely pubescent,
soon glabrescent, blackish when dry.* Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceo-
late, gradually acuminate (acumen up- to 5 lin. long, obtuse), rounded
at the base, 2-3 in. long, ^-l\ in. broad, thinly coriaceous, glabrous ;
secondary nerves about 5 on each side, rather inconspicuous like the
very lax venation; petiole 1-1 J lin. long. Flowers in sessile or shortly
peduncled terminal many-ilowered finely pubescent pseudo-umbels ;
peduncles up to 3 lin. long, slender ; pedicels 3 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin.
long, scantily pubescent ; intra-calycular glands 3, distinct ; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, acute, ciliolate. Corolla glabrous without ; tube 3 lin.
long, constricted at the middle and narrowly cylindric below, pubescent
within near the insertion of the stamens ; lobes obliquely ovate-oblongs
as long as the tube. Staminal cone distinctly exserted, 2 lin. long.
Ovary pubescent, chiefly upwards.

Ziower Guinea. Lower Congo: between Dembo (Ndembo) and the River
Kuango, Butaye !

A. Butayei differs from A. caudata in the narrower leaves (wliich are alwaxa
rounded at the base), the pubescent inflorescences, the ovate-lanceolate acute calyces
and the distinctly exserted staminal cone.

8. A. caudata, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 123. A climbing
shrub, 12-25 ft. high, perfectly glabrous; branches very slender,
brown or black when dry. Leaves oblong to ovate or lanceolate,
caudate-acuminate (acumen 3-0 lin. long), rounded or acute at the
base, 2J-31 in. long, \-\\ in. broad, dark above, very pallid below when
dry, very thin ; secondary nerves about 6 on each side, very faint ;
veins quite obscure ; petiole 1-^-2 lin. long. Flowers in 7-2-flowered
contracted pseudo-umbels ; peduncle slender, up to 4 lin. long ; bracts
minute ; pedicels very slender, up to 3^ lin. long. Calyx glabrous,
J lin. long, intra-calycular glands distinct: sepals ovate, obtuse.

200 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE.E (STAPF.) [Alofia.

Corolla white, slightly scented ; tube hairy within below the stamens,
otherwise glabrous, l^J-3 lin. long; lobes broad, ovate, slightly longer
than the tube. Staminal cone reaching or very slightly exceeding the
corolla-mouth, scarcely }h lin. long. Carpels pubescent. — Hiern in Cat.
Afr. PI. Welw. i. 073.

Ziower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto; in dense forests on the mountains
of Quota, Wehvitsch, 5938 ! 5955 ! G692 !

9. A. sarmentosa, Stcq^f in Kew Bulletin^ 1894, 123. A tall
climber with long drooping glabrous branches. Leaves oblong,
obtusely and shortly acuminate, obtuse or acute at the base, up to
?)\ in. long and \\ fn. broad, thin, more or less shiny, quite glabrous ;
secondary nerves 5-7 on each side, faint like the lax venation;
petiole 2 lin. long. Cymes small, subsessile, few-flowered, very
minutely puberulous ; bracts minute ; pedicels slender, short. Calyx
almost glabrous, minutely ciliolate, not quite 1 lin. long; intra-
calycular glands minute. Corolla white, scarlet and velvety at the
mouth, vanilla-scented ; tube scantily hairy below the stamens, other-
wise glabrous, 2J lin. long ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 2 J lin. long.
Staminal cone reaching the corolla- mouth, 1| lin. Igng. Carpels
glabrous. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 674.

I)0"wer Cruinea. Ai'o:ila: Golnn2:o Alto; in the less dense thickets on the
mountains of Qui-ta, above Ndele, rather r.ire, Welwitsch, 59B5 !

Iwperfecihj known species,

10. A, microstylis. A". Schum. in Bngl. Jahrh. xxiii. 1896, 230.
Branches compressed when young, soon terete, quite glabrous, drying
black. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, shortly and obtusely
acuminate, acute at the base, 1 J-3| in. long, J-1 J in. broad, glabrous,
glossy ; secondary nerves over 10 on each side, raised above and below ;
petiole very slender, up to IJ lin. long. Racemes or panicles 5-8-
flowered, terminal ; bracts triangular-lanceolate, 1\ lin. long. Calyx
glabrous, f lin. long; segments ovate, acute ; glands conspicuous.
Corolla-tube 3 lin. long ; lobes obliquely lanceolate, obtuse, 7 lin.
long. Anther-cone IJ lin. long, slightly exserted (?). Ovary hairy
along the angles (?).

Nile Xsand. Uganda: Ntebbi (Entebbe), 4300 ft., Stuhlmann, 1474; and
without precise locality, Stuhlmann, 1262.

K. Schumann compares this pLmt with A. lucida, from which he says it differs
in tlie narrow corolla-lobes and much longer tube. He quotes the locality where
Stuhlmann collected No. 1474 as Nsebbi, and the date as January, This stands
evidently for Ntebbi (Entebbe) where Stuhlmann was in January 1891, and I suspect,
in spite of certain discrepancies, that it is the same plant which Whyte collected
near Entebbe and which I referred to A. lucida above.

11. A. orientalis, K. Schum. in Notizhl. K'dnigl. Bat.Gart. Berlinj
iii. 84, name only.

Mozaxnb. 3>lst. German East Africa : Usambara ; probably in the Handei

Mount/iins, Scheffler.

Holalajia.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 201

30. HOLALAPIA, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 123.

Calyx small, herbaceous ; sepals 5, imbricate, broad, obtuse, alterna-
ting with 5 conspicuous glands. Corolla sa-lver-sliaped ; tube cylindric,
narrow at the base, then suddenly widened, without scales or calli
within, scarcely constricted at the mouth ; lobes broad, obtuse, over-
lapping to the right. Stamens inserted below the middle of the
corolla-tube ; filaments very short, flattened ; anthers conniving in a
cone, included, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sagittate ; appendages aa
long as or longer than the polliniferous part ; tails short ; foot of the
connective glabrous above, with a tongue-shaped projection and a
tomentose cushion extending to the broad filamental ridge below. Disc
0. Ovary syncarpous, more or less imperfectly 2-celled, ovoid, pubes-
cent ; style filiform, passing into the flask-shaped shortly apiculate
stigma, which exudes glutinous matter attaching it firmly to the foot of
the connective ; placentas meeting and even fused in the lower part of
the ovary, receding higher up ; ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Fruit
follicular (?). — A large climbing shrub. Leaves opposite, remotely
nerved, coriaceous ; axillary stipules distinct, acute, resinous inside ;
axillary glands few. Flowers rather show}^ in dense many-flowered
terminal corymbs.

Species 1, endemic.

1. H, multifloray Stapf I.e. Glabrous, climbing up to 40 ft. ;
young branches rather stout, fistular, brown or black when dry.
Leaves elliptic or oblong, rarely obovate, very obtuse to shortly
acuminate, rotundate or subcordate (rarely acute) at the base, 4-6 in.
long, 2J-3J in. broad, subcoriaceous, shining above, rather dull
beneath ; secondary nerves 5-9 on each side, oblique, gently curved,
prominent beneath, finely channelled above ; veins lax, slightly raised ;
petiole '2-^ lin. long. Corymbs up to 3 in. in diam. ; peduncle stout,
up to 1 in. long ; bracts ovate, obtuse, small ; pedicels slender, up to
6 lin. long. Calyx lJ-2 lin. long ; sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla white
with a red spot in the centre, fragrant ; tube 5 lin. long, very delicately
puberulous without : lobes obliquely truncate-obovate, 6 lin. long and
broad. Anther-cone If lin. long.— Stapf in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2350 ; K.
Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 189, Nachtr. 284 ; De
Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. 42, ii. 41 ; Reliq. Dewevr. ii.
157. Alajia malouetioides, K. Schum. I.e. 164. A. major, Stapf in
Kew Bulletin, 1898, 307, and in De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl.
Congo, i. 41 ; De WiH. & Dura,nd, Reliq. Dewevr. ii. 155.

Upper Guinea. Lagos : Ibadan Forest, Punch, 49! 51 ! Cameroons: Rio del
Rey, Johnston, 44! Yaiuide, 2600 ft., Zenlcer <^ Staudt, 120! Zenker, 257!
liipinde, Zenker, 1170 ! 1555 1 Fernando Po, Mann, llfi-i !

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : VVangata, Bewlnre, 649 ! 673 ; Bangala,
Demeuse ; Lokaiidn, Dewevre, 1107 !

The fruit of Holalajia is not known in the mature state. There are, howevi-r,
two parts of a very young fruit with Zenker's specimen (257) whicli huve the appear-

202 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (stapf). \HolalaJui,

ance of follicles ; but they are in too bad a condition to allow a closer examination
The longer of the two is 8 in. long and 3^ lin. broad.

37. PYCNOBOTRYA, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. 715.

Calyx small, subcoriaceous, eglandular; sepals almost free, im-
bricate, ovate, obtuse. Corolla funnel-shaped-campanulate ; tube very-
short with 5 much projecting ridges extending from the sinuses-
towards the base and with 5 others alternating with them and
slightly raised ; lobes 5, oblong, obtuse, overlapping to the left.
Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla-tube; filaments
very short, flattened ; anthers conniving in a cone, included, lanceolate,
acute, sagittate ; appendages much shorter than the polliniferous part ;
tails very short, subacute ; foot of the connective broad, with a large
papillose projecting cushion in the centre. Disc 0. Carpels 2, free.
Style very short ; stigma capitate, very minutely papillose except on
the minute bifid apiculus; ovules 4 in each carpel, 2-seriate. Fruit
unknown. — Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3^
coriaceous, with faint and closely set parallel nerves ; axillary stipules
0 ; axillary glands scanty, minute. Flowers small, in few- or many-
flowered contracted cymes, gathered in terminal, often many-flowered,,
leafy panicles or corymbs.
Species 2, endemic.

Although the fruit of this genus is not known, the limited number of ovules and
the fact that the upper 2 show signs of early decay make it almost cei tain that the

fruit is not of the usual JEchitidecB type. In the arrangement and the peculiar
venation of the leaves, Pycnohotrya very much resembles certain species of
Pleiocarpa and Polyadoa with wliich it has, however, not much in common

in other respects.

Leaves lanceolate, | to 1 in. broad; panicles leafy,

many-flowered, up to 3 in. long . . . . 1. P. nitida.

Leaves oblong to oblanceolate or obovate, |-1^ in.

broad ; corymbs up to 1 in. long . . . 2. P. muUifiora.

1. P. nitida, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl.t. 11^^. A scandent shri3:b,.
50 ft. high ; branches terete, very finely rusty-tomentose when young,
soon glabrescent and black when dry. Leaves opposite or ternate,.
lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, cuneate at the base, 2J-3J in. long,
}-l in. broad, shining and glabrous above, paler, dull and dotted with
black glands, and minutely rusty-papillose on the midrib below ;
secondary nerves scarcely 1 lin. distant, with fainter parallel veins
between them ; petiole slender, 2-3 lin. long. Panicle very many-
flowered, compound, often leafy, finely rusty-tomentose all over;
peduncle J-1 in. long ; bracts minute, ovate to lanceolate, acute ;
pedicels up to J lin. long. Calyx J lin. long. Corolla glabrous, 2 lin.
long in the mature bud ; tube | lin. long. Anthers J lin. long. —
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 162.

Ziower Guinea. Gaboon : Ccrisco Bay; Mount John, on the Kongui Rivtr,
Mann, 1809 !

Pycnohotrya.'] lxxxiv. apocyxace^ (staff). 203

2. P. multiflora, K. Schum. MSS. Branches terete, very finely
rusty-tomentose when young, soon glabrescent and black when dry.
Leaves opposite or ternate, oblong to oblanceolate or obovate, 2-4 in.
long, |-1 J in. broad, acute or subcuneate at the base, abruptly and ob-
tusely acuminate, glabrous and shining above, dotted with black glands
below ; secondary nerves scarcely 1 lin. distant, with fainter parallel
veins between; nervation slightly prominent and much more conspicuous
above ; petiole slender, 2-3 lin. long. Inflorescence corymbose, about
1 in, long, much overtopped by the uppermost pair of leaves, finely
rusty- or fusco-tomentose all over; peduncles up to 9 lin. long; bracts
very minute ; pedicels up to J-f lin. long. Caly^c not quite J lin. long.
Corolla glabrous, 3 lin. long in the mature bud, purple (?) ; tube ^ lin.
long ; anthers slightly over ^ lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Carceroons : Bipinde, Zen ?-er, 1274! 2063!

38. BAISSEA, A. DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 719.

Calyx small, herbaceous to subcoriaceous, eglandular within or
usually with 5 intracalycular glands ; sepals 5, almost free, imbricate,
ovate-lanceolate to rotundate. Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate ;
tube widest or slightly constricted at the mouth, usually with fleshy
projecting calli or scales just above the insertion of the stamens and
dense obversely triangular patches of white reflexed hairs between
them, otherwise without appendages ; lobes 5, mostly very narrow,
overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted above the base of the
corolla-tube ; filaments very short, stout ; anthers conniving in a cone,
not exceeding the corolla-tube, lanceolate, acuminate, sagittate ;
appendages about as long as the polliniferous part, distinctly tailed ;
foot of connective hollowed and glabrous above, with a cushion of
dense hairs below passing over the filament into the short hairy fila-
mental ridge. Disc cupular, subtruncate, sinuate or 5-lobed. Carpels
2, slightly inferior, free, subtruncate, usually hairy ; style short,
obconical (or cylindric at the base) ; stigma campanulate with 5 pits
(exuding glutinous matter) in the middle, and with a short or long and
subulate apiculus ; ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Mericarps follicular,
usually cylindric, very slender. Seeds linear-lanceolate, truncate at the
tip, acute at the base, with a deciduous apical coma ; endosperm fleshy,
rather copious ; cotyledons flat ; radicle short. — Tall climbing shrubs.
Leaves opposite ; secondary nerves distinct, numerous and fine ; trans-
verse veins more or less conspicuous; axillary stipules and glands 0.
Flowers in terminal and axillary, sometimes leafy panicles or corymbs,
composed of few-flowered cymes, rarely in short few-flowered cymes ;
corollas white or purple.

Species 21, endemic.

This description excludes the Indian and Malayan species referred by some
authors to Baissea. They constitute a distinct genus, Cleghornia, Wight (See Hua
in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 9, 12).

Hua (in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris, cxxxiv. 856-858) has pointed out the close
affinity of Zygodia axillaris, Benth., one of the species on which the genus Zygodia

204

LXXXIV. APOCYNACEiE (sTAPF).

[Baissea.

2. £. erythrosticta.

3. JB. ochrantha.

was based, with certain species of Baissea^ and consequently transfierred it to this genus.
In this I concur entirely with him. He maintains the other species of Zygodia,
of which he saw only Z. urceolata, in the genus Zygodiai but, even with this
emendation the two genera iire not perfectly homogeneous. I have indicated this
by dividing each of theoi into two sections, viz., JEubaissea and Ghierkea, and Euzy-
godia and Sualla. They are in so far parallel sections, hs Euhaissea and Sualla
possess supra-staminal scales, though of a somewhat different disposition, whilst
Guerkea and Euzygodia iiave none. I do not consider myself justified to go
beyond this, as we know these plants very imperfectly, each of the species of
Zygodia, tor instance, being known only from a single collection and mostly a single
8i)ecimen.

*Eu-Baissea. — Corolla- tube with fleshy calli or scales just above the insertion of
»the stamens.

Panicle glabrous or only the peduncle, the lower part of

the 1 hachis and the bracts more or less pubescent.

Calyx 2 lin. long ; leaves with 11-12 secondary

nerves on each side, raised on both surfaces . 1. B. calophylla.
Calyx |-1 lin. long; leaves with 4-9 secondary
nerves on each side, raised below and channelled
above.
Corolla-tube 1^-lf lin. long; lobes up to 8 lin.
long ; secondary nerves 7-9 ou each side,
equally conspicuous .....
Corolla-tube 3^ lin. long; lobes 5 lin. long;
secondary nerves 4-6 on each side, the lower
very conspicuous, the upper faint
Panicle pubescent, minutely tomentose or finely fm*-
faraceouB all over.
Intra-calycuiar giamls 0; corolla-lobes 2-6 (rarely
only 1^) times longer than the tube; stigmatic
apiculus short.
Leaves small (^-1 in. long, 3-5^ lin. broad) ;
corolla-tube 1^ lin. long; lobes up to 10 lin.

long 4:. B. Wulfhorstii.

Leaves larger and corolla-lobes shorter than in
the preceding species.
Corolla-tube loosely villous in the throat ; ovary
hairy.
Corolla-lobes 5-7^ lin. long
Corolla-iobes not exceeding 4 lin. in length.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, rounded at the base;
infiorescence moderately lax with fili-
form branchiets ...
Leaves more or less lanceolate to oblong,
acute or cimeate at the base; in-
florescence very loose with capillary
branchiets .....
Corolla-tube glabrous in the threat; ovary gla-
brous 7. -B. Thollonii,

Intra-caiycuiar glands 5 (very rarefy 3) ; corolla-
lobes usually as long as or slightly longer than
the tube (3 times as long in B. major and
B. tenuiloha) ; stigmatic apiculus usually fine,
subulate.
Corolla-lobes 3 times as long as the tube.

5. B. multijlora.

8. B. angolensis.

6. B. laxijiora.

Baissea.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 205

Sepals ovnte-lanceolate, 1^-1| lin. long; corolla-
tube 2-2^ liii. long ; lobes linear, 6-7 h lin.
long . . . . . . . 9. ^. major.

Sepals ovate, ^ lin. long; corolla-tube li-lf
lin. long ; lobes long caudate-acuminate
from an ovate base, 4-6 lin. long . . l7. B. temiiloha.

Corolla-lobi'S as long as the tube or sHghlly longer.
Leaves more or less oblong, truncate at the
base ; petiole from less than ^ to f lin. long.
Leaves very shortly acute or subobtuse;
flowers infew-flowered axillary and some-
times also terminal cymes or panicles, not
exceeding the supporting leaves.
Flowers about 2 lin. long, in subsessile or

very shortly peduncled small cymes . 10. B. axillaris.
Flowers over 3 to 4 lin. long, panicled . 11. B. zygodioides.
Leaves subacuminate; pa nicies many- flowered,
more or less dicliotomous, leafy ; corolla
campanulate ..... 12. -B, Badlonii.

Leaves variously shaped, never truncate at the
base; petiole 1^-11 lin. long.
Calyx 1 lin. long; stigmatic apiculus very
short, conical; young branches and

very thin leaves pale green . . . 13. B. Wehcitschii.

Calyx ^-| lin. long ; stigmatic apiculus-
subulate to setiform ; branches more or
less brown or blackish, leaves very
rarely pale green.
Corolla not constricted at the mouth ;
flower-buds usually cylindric from iiu
ovoid bnse (or ovoid in .5. hrachyantha).
Supra-staminal calli united into a trans-
verse ring.
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, quite gla-
brous below ; corolla 5^ lin.
long . .
Leaves oblong, with tufts of rnst-
coloui'ed bail's in the nervo-axils
below ; corolla Z^ lin. long
Supra-staminal calli not united.

Corolla 4 lin. long ....

Corolla 2^ lin. long ....

Corolla more or less constricted at the

mouth ; flower-buds ovoid

Leaves elliptic to ovate, usually shortly

acuminate; shortly acute or rounded

at the base; petiole 4-6 lin. long . 19. B. ellijdica.

Leaves oblong-elliptic, loner acuminate,

acute at the base ; petiole 8-11 Iiu.

lono- ...... 20. B. dichofoma.

**GuEEEBA. — Corolla-tube without supra-staminal calli . 21. B. qracillima.

1. B, calophylla, Stapf. A climbing shrub, up to 30 ft. high,
almost perfectly glabrous ; young branches greyish-green, somewhat

14.

B. odoraia.

15.

B. ogowensis.

16.

B. leonen.fts.

17.

B. hrachyantha^

18.

B. tenniloha.

206 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Baissca.

compressed near the tips, terete below. Leaves obovate, suddenly con-
tracted into a linear or sublinear narrow acumen, (about J in. long),
more or less cuneate towards the base, 5-7 in. long, 2-3 in, broad, sub-
coriaceous, quite glabrous ; secondary nerves 11-12 on each side, very
oblique, straight, like the midrib much raised below, less so (but distinctly)
above ; transverse veins numerous, parallel, raised on both sides, subhori-
Kontal ; petiole rather stout, 3-4 lin. long. Panicles over h ft. long, very
lax, pubescent below, glabrous above ; peduncle 2 J in. long ; lower bracts
at the base of the primary branches sometimes foliaceous, white, upper
very small, lanceolate to subulate, all pubescent; lowest branches up to 3 in.
long, undivided for f of their length; pedicels slender, up to 4 lin.
long. Calyx oblong-ovoid, 2 lin. long, glabrous; segments ovate-
lanceolate or oblong, subobtuse, ciliolate, thin ; intra-calycular glands 5.
Corolla white with red streaks in the throat ; tube wide-funnel-shaped,
3 lin. long, glabrous without and above the minute calli within ; lobes
linear, obtuse, 7 lin. long, over 1 lin. broad. Anthers scarcely 2 lin.
long ; connective scantily pubescent on the back. Disc distinct. Carpels
hairy at the top. Style obconical, glabrous, much shorter than the
conical shortly apiculate stigma, the lower edge of which projects into
a deflexed rim. — Codonura calophylla, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 285.

Upper GuinecL. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker <^ Standi, 135 ! Loloclorf,
Staudt, 136 !

2. B. erythrosticta, K. Schum. MSS. A glabrous climber ;
young branches slender, greenish. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-elliptic,
long acuminate (acumen up to nearly 1 in. long), acute or minutely
cordate at the base, 2|^-'J in. long, 1J-3J in. broad, papery, pale green,
quite glabrous ; secondary nerves 7-9 on each side, very oblique, much
raised below, channelled above ; transverse veins subhorizontal ; petiole
1-3 lin. long, stout. Flowers in very lax few-flowered terminal and
axillary glabrous panicles or pseudo-umbels ; peduncle slender, up to
1 in. long; lower bracts sometimes foliaceous, thin, upper minute,
lanceolate ; pedicels up to 4 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin. long, nearly or quite
glabrous ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacute, thin, each with a
pair of glands at the base. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube campanulate,
not quite 1|^ lin. long, glabrous without and above the obscure calli
within ; lobes long-caudate from a linear-lanceolate base, up to 8 lin.
long. Anthers almost Ij lin. long, puberulous on the back. Disc
sinuate. • Ovary pubescent at the top ; style obconical, short, very
minutely papillose ; stigma campanulate, shortly bifid at the apex.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Bipinde, Ze^Arer, 2278a !

3. B. ochrantha, A'. Schum. MSS. A glabrous climber ; branches
terete (except at the compressed tips), greenish. Leaves elliptic- to
ovate-oblong, gradually acuminate, (acumen linear, very obtuse, up to
J- in. long), acute at the base, 2-4J in. long, 1-2 in. broad, chartaceous,
glabrous except for tufts of rusty-coloured hairs in the nerve-axils ;

LXXXIV. APOCYNACE^ (sTAPf). 207

secondary nerves 4-G on each side, channelled above, the lowest 2-3 on
each side conspicuous, very oblique and strongly curved, the upper faint,
almost straight ; tertiary nerves nnd transverse veins slightly oblique;
petiole 2-8 lin. long. Cymes 3-1 -flowered, terminal, glabrous; peduncle
very slender J-| in. long ; bracts minute, deciduous ; pedicels filiform,
^-l in. long. Calyx semiglobose, blackish, J lin. long, glabrous ;
segments rotundate, margins subhyaline ; intra-calycular glands r>, dis-
tinct. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube campanulate, 3^, lin. long, glabrous
without and above the ovate calli within; l4)bes linear from a lanceolate
base, obtuse, 5 lin. long, 1 lin. broad. Anthers over IJ lin. long,
minutely villous on the back. Disc distinct, sinuous. Ovary pubescent
at the top ; style obconic-cylindric, J lin. long, minutely puberulous ;
stigma campanulate -conic with a short bifid apex.
Upper G-uinea. Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 2044 !

4. B. "Wulfhorstii, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 81 G. A
climbing shrub ; young branches finely rufo-pubescent, at length
glabrescent, reddish-brown. Leaves lanceolate to ovate- or ellipiic-
oblong, obtuse or subacute, rounded at the base, \-lh in. long, 3-.')l
lin. broad, at length coriaceous, finely pubescent when young, soon
glabrescent; secondary nerves very faint, 10-11 on each side; petiole
up to I lin. long, pubescent. Flowers in (often very numerous) 2-1-
fiowered axillary cymes or the uppermost cymes gathered into a small
panicle ; peduncle filiform, very short to J in. long, densely rufo-pubes-
cent like the whole inflorescence ; bracts subulate, up to 1 lin. long ;
pedicels up to 2^ lin. long. Calyx open, rufo-pubescent, up to 1^ lin.
long, eglandular ; sepals oblong-linear, obtuse. Corolla sweet-scented,
white; tube wide funnel-shaped up to 2 lin. long, pubescent without,
glabrous within and streaked with red above the rather obscure calli ;
lobes linear, up to 10 lin. long. Anthers 2 lin. long, minutely pubes-
cent on the back. Disc very shallow, sinuate. Ovary sparingly hairy
on the top; style cylindric below, thickened above, delicately papillose;
stigma campanulate-conic with a short bifid apiculus. Follicles glabrous,
7 in. long. — B. spectahilis, Hua in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 10.

Ziower Guinea. Angola : Huilla, Autunes, 391 ; by tlie Cunene River
below its junction with the River Cliitanda, 3600 ft., Baum, 118 ! Amboland :
Ompandii, Wulfhorst, 2 I

Soutb Central. Angola ? : Upper Zambesi, Jalla I

5. B. multiflora, A. DC. Prod. viii. 424. A climber, HO to
80 ft. high ; young branches slender, more or less rusty- or fulvo-
tomentose, ultimately glabrescent. Leaves elliptic to oblong, shortly
or obscurely acuminate, rounded or more or less acute at the base, H-
3J in. long, 1-2 in. broad, chartaceous, finely rusty tomentose all over
in bud, very soon glabrescent above and between the nerves below, at
length sometimes quite gla.brous except for small tufts of hairs in the
nerve-axils ; secondary nerves 5-7 on each side, channelled above ;
transverse veins fine, but distinct; petiole l-2i lin. long. Panicles.

208 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Baissea.

slender, pyramidal, 2-15 in. long, finely rusty- or fulvo-tomentose ;
lowest bracis sometimes foliaceous and coloured, upper small, lanceolate
to subulate, 1-2 lin. long; pedicels very short or up to 4 lin. long.
Calyx 1-1 J lin. long, puberulous to minutely tomentose ; sepals lanceo-
late, acute or obtuse, eglandular. Corolla white, funnel-shaped; tube sub-
campanuiate, 2-3 lin. long, puberulous without, scantily pubescent
within in the upper part ; supra-staminal calli ovate, distinct ; lobes
linear-lanceolate to linear, long tapering, 5-7 lin. long. Stamina! cone
not quite 1 lin. long, reaching to or beyond the middle of the corolla-
tube ; anthers more or less hairy on the back. Style puberulous, obconic
from a cylindric base ; stigma with a short bifid apiculus ; ovary
pubescent. Follicles finely rusty tomentose, up 'to 16 in. long, obtuse.
Seeds 8 lin. ionj; ; coma reddish, 1-1 J in. long. — Hook. Niger Fl. 452 ;
K. Schum. in Engl. &, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 172 ; Hua in Bull.
Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 7, 9 ; Chevalier, Geogr. Bot. Senegal, 223.
Hua in Compt. Bend. Acad. Paris, cxxxiv. 85G, 857.

xypper (Guinea. Senegambia : in tlie forests of Ferlo, Heudelot, 186 ! Cape
Nase, Doilinqer, Ao ! Gunibia : Albredji, Perrotet, 480! on tlie south bank of the
River Gambia, Brown-Lester^ 14 ! and without precise locality, Whitfield ! Rio
l!ixinez, Whitfield ! ¥uln JsLhon, Setidelot, 6011 5^7 I

Var. /3 caudiloha, Stapf. Leaves slightly larger, thinner and more acuminate
than in the type, q\iite glabrous except in the nerve-axils. Anthers and style very
gparingly hairy, — B. caudiloha, Stapf in Jouru. Linn. Soc. xxx. 90; Hua in Bull.
Soc. Linii. Paris, 2 ser. i. 10.

Upper 6-uinea. Sierra Leone : near Ninia, Talla Hills, Scott-'Elliot, 4807 !

Var. caudiloha is perhaps only a particularly glabrous state of B. multifiora.
The other extreme is represented by Hua's B. Seudelotii (Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris,
2 ser. i. 9), although it is le^s marked off from the type. The leaves of the type
specimen of B. multifiora are not glabrous, as described by A, De CandoUe.

6. B. laxiflora, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 124. A graceful
climber up to 39 ft. high ; branches very slender, minutely puberulous
when young. Leaves oblanceolate or oblong, acuminate, acute or
cuneate at the base, up to 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, papery, quite glabrous
except for small tufts of hairs in the nerve-axils ; secondary nerves about
5 on each side, slender ; transverse veins faint, subhorizontal ; petiole
up to 2 lin. long. Cymes 3— 1-flowered, axillary on very short peduncles
or very loosely arranged in axillary and terminal panicles, branched
from the base, up to 4 in. long, very minutely puberulous; rhachis and
branches subcapillary ; pedicels very slender, up to 2 J lin. long ; bracts
minute, ovate. Calyx very minutely pubescent, | lin. long, eglandular;
sepals ovate, subacute. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube subcampanulate,,
very minutely puberulous without, villous in the throat, 1 J-2J lin.
long, supra-staminal calli much projecting, almost cornute ; lobes
lanceolate from a subauriculate base 3-4 lin. long. Anthers not quite
1 lin. long, pubescent on the back. Carpels hairy at the top ; style
rather slender, obconic-cylindric, minutely puberulous ; stigma sub-
campanulate with a short bifid apiculus. Follicles very slender, up to
more than 2 ft. long ; seeds linear, 1 in. long ; coma 1 in. long — Stapf

] LXXXIV. APOCYNACEiE (sTAPF). 209

in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2342 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam.
iv. ii. 172 ; Hua in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 10.

Upper Guinea. Southern Nigeria : by the Old Calabar River, Mann, 2258 '
Cameroous : Bipinde, Zenker, 1056 ! 1902 !

Xiower Cruinea. Gaboon : Libreville, Klaine, 89 ! and without precise
locality, Klaine, 311! Corisco Bay; Muni (Danger) River, Mann, 175G!

7. B. Tholloni, Hua in Bull Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 aer. i. 10.
Leaves lanceolate, acutely acuminate, the upper up to 2 in. lon^, J in.
broad, papery, quite glabrous except in the nerve-axils ; secondary'^nerves
very oblique, 6-7 on each side, slightly raised below; transverse veins
horizontal, delicate ; pedicels slender, up to 2 lin. long. Cymes few-
flowered, terminal and axillary, gathered in lax leafy panicles, loosely
pubescent in the upper part; peduncles filiform, glabrous, up to | in.
long ; bracts small, lanceolate to subulate ; pedicels 2 lin. long. Calyx
1 lin. long, very sparingly pubescent, eglandular. Corolla-tube sub-
campanulate, 2^ lin. long, sparingly and minutely puberulous without ;
throat glabrous ; supra-staminal calli distinct, much projecting ; lobes
linear, very narrow and acute, 5 lin. long. Anthers not quite 1 lin.
long, hairy on the back. Ovary quite glabrous; style obconical,
minutely papillose ; stigma subcampanulate, with a short bi6d
apicuius.

Kower Guinea. French Congo : by the River Ogowe, Thollon, 852 !

8. B. angoieusis, Stapfin Keio Bulletin, 1894, 126. A graceful
and rather weak but tall climber with drooping branches, 4-7 ft. lon» ;
young branches minutely pubescent, hairs rather persistent. Leav-es
elliptic-oblong, shortly and acutely acuminate, rounded at the base,
1-2J in. long, J-1 in. broad, subcoriaceous, minutely pubescent on the
nerves in a very young state, soon glabrous except in the nerve -axils,
secondary nerves 4-5, rarely 6 ; transverse veins rather inconspicuous ;
petiole 1 lin. long. Cymes in terminal or in terminal and lateral
slender raceme-like or pyramidal panicles, minutely pubescent ; rhachis
and branchlets filiform ; bracts lanceolate to subulate, 1-1 J lin. lon^ ;
pedicels up to Ij lin. long. Calyx minutely pubescent, 1 lin. long;
sepals ovate-lanceolate, subacute, eglandular. Corolla white, tinged
with pink, very sweet-scented, subcampanulate ; tube minutely puberu-
lous without, villous in the throat, 2-2 J lin. long ; supra-staminal calli
short, ovate ; lobes lanceolate from an ovate auriculate base, acuminate,
3-4 lin. long. Anthers reaching beyond the middle of the corolla-tube',
f lin. long, glabrous or very sparingly hairy on the back. Carpels
puberulous at the top ; style obconic-cylindric, minutely puberulous.
Stigma campanulate with a short bifid apex. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI.
Welw. i. 675 ; Hua in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 10.

Iiower Guinea. Aii-ol:) : Gohingo Alto; by thickets on slopes along the
Cuango rivulet, rather rare, Welwitsch, 59G7 !

Guerkea conrjolana, De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rcndus Soc. Bot. Bclg.
xxxviii. 94, collected by Capt. Cabra on the Lower Congo may belong to this .s])ocics.

210 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (stapf). [Baissea.

9. B. major, Hiem in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 675. A powerful
climber ; young branches very minutely rusty tomentose, soon glabres-
cent. Leaves obovate-oblong, acuminate, rounded or almost cordate
at the base, 1-4| in. long, J to 2 in. broad, thinly coriaceous, shining
when fresh, dull and olive-green or brown when dry, very minutely
pubescent on the nerves below when young, soon glabrous except for
some tufts of rusty hairs in the nerve-axils ; secondary nerves 6-9 on
each side ; transverse nerves fine, distinct. Cymes 2-1-flowered, in
slender panicles, 2-2 J in. long, very minutely rusty tomentose ; bracts
linear-lanceolate, 2-d lin. long ; pedicels up to 1 J lin. long. Calyx l\-
1 J lin. long, very minutely pubescent ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acum-
inate, intra-calycular glands 5, minute. Corolla white, fragrant ; tube
campanulate, 2-2^ lin. long, glabrous without and in the throat ;
supra-staminal calli knob-shaped ; lobes linear, 6-7| lin. long. Staminal
cone I lin. long ; anthers glabrous on the back. Carpels pubescent on
the top ; style obconic-cylindric, minutely papillose ; stigma campanu-
late with a short bifid apiculus. Follicles linear, acuminate. — B.
angolensis, var. major, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 189-4, 126.

Iio-wer Guinea. AngoLi : Pungo Andongo; in damp tljickets in the
Praesidium, Welwitsch, 5966 !

10. B. axillaris, Hua in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris, cxxxiv. 857. A
climbing shrub, 8-10 ft. high ; young branches densely fulvo-tomen-
tose, terete, spreading at wide angles in one plane. Leaves distichous,
oblong or ovate-oblong, shortly acute or subacute, truncate or subcor-
date at the base, 1-1 J in. long, 6-9 lin. broad, thinly coriaceous, hir-
sute on the midrib above and on the nerves below, ultimately glabres-
cent ; secondary nerves about 6 on each side ; veins obscure ; petiole
1-1 lin. long. Cymes 3-5 lin. long, subsessile or shortly peduncled,
densely pubescent ; bracts very minute, ovate ; pedicels up to 1 lin.
long. Calyx finely pubescent, J lin. long ; sepals roundish ovate,
obtuse. Corolla yellow, funnel-shaped-cam panulate, If -2 J lin. long,
minutely pubescent outside, glabrous in the throat, supra-staminal
calli transversely oblong ; lobes lanceolate-ovate, rather shorter than
the tube. Staminal cone reaching to the middle of the tube ; anthers
I lin. long, glabrous on the back. Disc distinct. Carpels pubescent
above the disc ; style obconic from a cylindric base, sparingly papillose
above ; stigma campanulate with a subulate, bifid apiculus. — Zygodia
axillaris, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1184; K. Schum. in Engl. &
Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. ii. 164; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i.
673.

upper Guinea. La>^os : Yevva Mala, Puiicli, 77 ! Old CiiLibar Kiver, Mann,
2301! Cameroons: Johann Albrechts Hohc, Staudt, 518! Bipinde, Zenker, 2316!

Iioiver Guinea. Angola: Golunjro Alto; Queta Mountains, and Mata de
Trombeta, Welwitsch, 5960! 5963 I Quibolo, Welwitsch, 5962!

11. B. zygodioides, Stapf. Young branches slender, rufo-
tomentose, at length glabrescent. Leaves rather ciowded, oblong to

] LXXXIV. APOCYNACE^. (STAPF). 211

ovate- or obovate-oblong^ very shortly acute or subobtuse, truncate at
the base, 1-2| in. long, G-10 lin. broad, papery, scantily hairy on the
nerves below when young, soon quite glabrous except for small tufts of
hairs in the nerve-axils ; secondary nerves about G-7 on each side,
raised below, faint above ; transverse veins delicate ; petiole i-| lin.
long, rufo-tomentose. Panicles axillary and terminal, few-flowered, not
or scarcely exceeding the supporting leaves, finely rufo-pubescent ;
peduncle very slender, up to | in. long ; bracts minute, ovate, acute ;
pedicels up to 2 lin. long. Calyx slightly over 1 lin. long, sparingly
pubescent ; sepals ovate-oblong, acute ; intra-calycular glands 5,
minute. Corolla funnel-shaped, very minutely pubescent without;
tube lJ-2 lin. long, glabrous in the throat, supra-staminal calli trans-
versely oblong ; lobes lanceolate-linear, as long as or slightly longer
than the tube ; staminal cone not quite reaching the mouth ; anthers
J lin. long, glabrous on the back. Disc shallow. Carpels pubescent on
the top ; style obconic, minutely papillose ; stigma campanulate, with a
subulate 2-fid apiculus. — Oncinotis zygodioides, K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xxiii, 227.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius !

12. B. Baillonii, Hua in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 8, 11.
A climbing shrub ; young branches finely rufo-tomentose, soon glabres-
cent, very slender. Leaves oblong, subacuminate, truncate at the
base, very variable in size, up to 3 in. long and 10 lin. broad, papery,
very sparingly pubescent on the nerves below or finally quite glabrous
except in the nerve-axils ; secondary nerves 6-8 on each side ; trans-
verse veins very delicate ; petiole J lin. long, minutely rufo-tomentose.
Panicles terminal, leafy, obovoid, up to 3 in. long, or more reduced
from the leaf -axils, more or less dichotomous, finely rusty-tomentose or
f urfuraceous ; bracts small, ovate-lanceolate ; pedicels up to 2 lin. long.
Calyx f lin. long, minutely pubescent ; sepals ovate, subacute ; intra-
calycular glands minute, about 3. Corolla campanulate, very minutely
puberulous without; tube wide, IJ lin. long, glabrous in the throat ;
supra-staminal calli triangular ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, as long as the
tube. Staminal cone almost reaching to the mouth ; anthers minutely
pubescent on the back. Disc sinuous. Carpels pubescent on the top ;
style obconic-cylindric, glabrous below, papillose above ; stigma de-
pressed-campanulate, with a bifid short apiculus. Follicles very slender,
up to 3 ft. long, sparingly furf uraceous, constricted between the seeds.
Seeds | in. long. — Hua in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris, cxxxiv. 857.

Iiower Guinea. French Congo : banks of the River Ogjwe, ThoUon, 262 !
near Lambarene, on the River Ogowe, Thollon, 711 !

13. B. 'Welwitschii, Siapf ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i.
675. A graceful, copiously lactescent climber ; young branches very
slender, minutely pubescent, pale green when dry. Leaves obovate or
elliptic, acuminate (acumen slender, up to 4 lin. long), usually acute at
the base, 2-2J in. long, |-1 in. broad, papery, pale green, almost

212 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE.E (stapf). [Baissea.

glaucous, glabrous or very minutely pubescent on the midrib ; secondary
nerves 5—7 on each side, fine ; transverse veins inconspicuous (though
distinct under a lens); petiole slender, up to 2 lin. long. Cymes few-
flowered, contracted, axillary and terminal ; peduncles very slender, up
to 4 lin. long; bracts minute; pedicels up to 1 lin. long. Calyx
minutely and scantily pubescent, 1 hn. long ; intra-calycular glands 5,
minute ; sepals broad-ovate, obtuse. Corolla dirty white with purple
streaks in the throat, funnel-shaped, glabrous without ; tube 2 lin. long,
glabrous in the throat ; supra-staminal calli minute, transversely linear ;
lobes linear from an ovate base, gradually tapering, 3 lin. long.
Staminal cone reaching almost to the corolla-mouth ; anthers IJ lin.
long, minutely silky on the back. Disc shallow, sinuate. Carpels
minutely puberulous on the top ; style minutely papillose, obconical ;
stigma with a short conical bifid apiculus. — K. Schum in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Ergauz. 59, Fermerion Welwitschii, Baill. in
Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 758 ; K. Schum. I.e. iv. ii. 174.

Iiower Ouinea-. Angola : Golungo Alto ; outskirts of forests on the
mountains of Alto Queta, rather rare, Welwitsch, 5932 !

14, B, odorata, K. Schum. MSS. A climbing shrub, quite
glabrous except the inflorescences ; young branches compressed, later
on terete, greyish -brown. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, gradually acu-
minate (acumen obtuse, up to J in, long), acute to subcuneate at tlie
base, 2-21 in. long, f-1 in. broad, almost papery ; secondary nerves
G-8 on each side, oblique, fine ; transverse veins at very acute angles
with the secondary nerves ; petiole 1 J-2 lin. long, slender. Panicles
very lax, short, terminal and lateraf, the terminal subcorymbiform
about 1-lJ in. long, the lower often reduced to 3-1-flowered cymes,
adpressedly and minutely pubescent in all parts ; bra.nches filiform ;
bracts minute, lanceolate; pedicels very slender, up to 5 lin. long.
Calyx subsemiglobose, f-f lin. long, adpressedly pubescent, blackish ;
sepals rotundate-ovate ; intra-calycular glands 5, distinct, though
small. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube subcampanulate, 2| lin. long, finely
pubescent without ; throat glabrous ; supra-staminal calli transversely
linear, more or less united into a ring ; lobes linear, subobtuse, 3 lin.
long. Anthers 2 lin. long, pubescent on the back. Disc shallow,
sinuate. Ovary-top black-pubescent. Style very short, obconic,
minutely puberulous; stigma semiglobose-campanulate with a slender
bifid apex.

Upper awin^ia. Cameroons : Bipinde, ZenTcer, 2072 !

15. B, ogowexisis. Hua in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 10.
A powerful climbing shrub, quite glabrous except the inflorescences and
nerve-axils; young branches compressed near the tips, soon terete,
blackish when dry. Leaves oblong, acuminate (acumen rather broad
subacute or obtuse, 2-4 lin. long), acute at the base, ^-^ in. long,
ll_li in. broad, papery, with small tufts of rust-coloured hairs in the
nerves-axils below; secondary nerves 10-12 on each side, with almost

Baissea.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 21 H

parallel tertiary ones between them and the transverse veins, sub-
horizontal ; nervation and reticulation slightly raised on both sides,
faint ; petioles slender, 4-9 lin. long. Cymes few- or many-flowered, in
axillary or terminal usually ovoid or obovoid panicles, very minutely
furfuraceous, blackish ; peduncles very slender, 4-9 lin. long ; bracts
minute; pedicels filiform, up to 1^ lin. long. Calyx globose-ovoid,
I lin. long ; sepals ovate, subacute, with a scanty extremely delicate
tomentum like that of the pedicels ; intra-calycular glands 5, minute.
Corolla white with crimson streaks in the throat, funnel-shaped ; tube
subcampanulate, not quite 1|- lin. long, minutely papillose without,
glabrous in the throat, calli transversely linear, more or less united into
a ring; lobes linear, obtuse, over 2 lin. long. Anthers not quite 1 lin.
long, minutely papillose on the back. Disc shallow, sinuate. Ovtiry-
top pubescent ; style obconical, rather slender, puberulous ; stigma
campanulate, with a long bifid subulate apex. — Hua in Compt. Rend.
Acad. Paris, cxxxiv. 857.

]Lower Guinea. French Congo : Adalina, on the River Ogowe, Soj/aux,
278 ! Gaboon : Libreville, Klaine, 9 ! and without precise locality, Klaine,
305!

16. B. leoneusis, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 452. A climbing
shrub ; branches covered with a very fine dark rusty furfuraceous
tomentum when young, soon glabrescent. Leaves oblong, rarely
elliptic, acuminate at both ends or acute at the base, 2J-4J in. long,
|-lj in. broad, subcoriaceous, perfectly glabrous, rarely with tufts of
hairs in the nerve-axils; secondary nerves 8-12 on each side, raised on
both surfaces ; transverse veins very close and fine, raised on both
surfaces ; petiole slender, 3-6 lin. long. Panicles few- to many-
flowered, axillary and terminal, the lower often much reduced, the
upper more compound ; peduncles very slender, up to J in. long,
covered like the rest of the inflorescence with the same kind of tomen-
tum as the young branches ; bracts small, shortly lanceolate ; pedicels
up to 1 J lin. long. Calyx subsemiglobose, | lin. long, minutely fur-
furaceous; sepals ovate, acute; intra-calycular glands 5. Corolla white,
with red streaks in the throat, f unnel-fehaped ; tube 2 lin. long, minutely
furfuraceous without, glabrous in the throat ; supra-staminal calli
short, thick, transversely linear ; lobes lanceolate, 2 lin. long. Staminal
cone almost reaching to the corolla-mouth ; anthers 1 lin. long, glabrous
on the back. Disc faint, sinuous. Carpels puberulous from the disc
upwards; style obconic, papillose; stigma campanulate with a fine
subulate bifid apiculus. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam.
iv. ii. 172 ; Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 89 ; Hua in Bull. Soc.
Linn. Paris, 2 s^r. i. 10.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : highlands about Bafodeya, Scott-Elliot,
5500 ! and without precise locality, Bon ! Vogel ! 119 !' Gold Coast : Aburi Hills,
Johnson, 283 ! Aquapim, 1400 ft., Murphy in Herb. Johnton, 674 !

17. B. brachyantha, Stapf in Keio Bulletin, 1894, 125. A
climbing shrub ; young branches covered with a very fine, dark, rusty

VOL. IV. ii

214 Lxxxiv. APocYNACEiE (stapf). [Buissea.

furfuraceous tomentum, soon glabrous. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic,
obtusely acuminate, acute at the base, 2-3 in. long, |-2 in. broad, sub-
coriaceous, quite glabrous except in the nerve-axils ; secondary nerves
oblique, 8-10 on each side ; transverse veins close and fine, subhorizontal ;
petiole slender, up to G lin. long. Flowers in axillary and terminal,
mostly peduncled pseudo-umbels or short panicles, up to 2 in. long,
covered like the remainder of the inflorescence with the same kind of
tomentum as the young branches ; bracts minute, ovate, acute ; pedicels
up to 2 lin. long. Calyx semiglobose, very minutely tomentose, f lin.
long ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; intra-calycular glands 5. Corolla short
funnel-shaped, very minutely furfuraceous without ; tube scarcely
1 J lin. long, glabrous in the throat ; supra-staminal calli transversely
linear ; lobes rather thick, ovate-lanceolate, as long as the tube or
slightly longer. Staminal cone reaching to the corolla-mouth ; anthers
glabrous on the back. Disc sinuous. Carpels puberulous on the top ;
style obconical, minutely papillose ; stigma campanulate, wath a setiform
apiculus. — Stapf in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2243; Hua in Bull. Soc. Linn.
Paris, 2 ser. i. 11.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Bagru River, Mann, 854 !

18. B. tenuiloba, Sta^?/ in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 124. An erect
or climbing shrub, 12-20 ft. high ; branches long and slender, covered
with a very minute dark rusty furfuraceous tomentum when young,
soon glabrous. Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, acuminate (acumen
obtuse, up to 8 lin. long), acute, rarely rounded at the base, 2J-4J in.
long, lJ-2 in. broad, thinly subcoriaceous, quite glabrous, except for
tufts of rufous hairs in the nerve-axils ; secondary nerves 6-8 on each
side, oblique ; transverse veins very fine, close, subhorizontal ; petiole
slender, up to 6 lin. long. Cymes subumbelliform, few-flowered,
arranged in slender axillary and terminal panicles, usually sessile or
on short branches on the common rhachis, covered more or less with
the same kind of tomentum as the young branches, panicles up to 3 in.
long; bracts minute, shortly lanceolate; pedicels IJ lin. long. Calyx
semiglobose, minutely black -furfuraceous, | hn. long ; sepals ovate,
subacute, or obtuse ; intra-calycular glands 5. Corolla dark purple or
violet, whitish in the centre, subcampanulate ; tube Ij-lf lin. long,
very minutely furfuraceous without ; throat glabrous ; supra-staminal
calli transversely linear, distinct ; lobes long-caudate, acuminate from
an ovate base, 4-6 lin. long. Anthers not quite 1 lin. long, with
spreading hairs on the back. Disc very shallow, sinuate. Carpels
puberulous at the top ; style obconical, short and stout, minutely
papillose; stigma campanulate, with a setiform bifid apex. — ^Hua in
Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 10. B. uropetala, Hua, I.e. 12. Gu&rkea
uropetala, K. Schum. in. Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 228.

Upper Guinea. Niger Dejta : Bonny River, Mann, 504 ! 'Kalhreyer, 73 !
Cameronns : Cameroon River, Mann, 2187 ! Bipinde, Zenker, 1627 ! Yaunde,
Zenker^ 722 (ex Schumann).

Flowers sometimes occur with the tails of the corolla-lobes not developed. Such
flowers are very like those of B. elUptica. De Wild. & Durand quote (Reliq.

Baissea.] lxxxiv. apoctnace^ (stapf). 21 *>

Dewevr. 157) Guerkea uropetala, as collected by Dewcvrc near Wangata on the
Middle Congo. Dewevre, in a note cited in the same place, describes the plant as a
decumbent shrub with red flowers growing on ant-hills.

19. B. elliptica, Stapf. A climbing shrub, quite glabrous, except
the inflorescences and sometimes the nerve-axils ; young branches com-
pressed, at length terete, fuscous when dry. Leaves elliptic to ovate,
rarely oblong-elliptic, acutely or subacutely acuminate, shortly acute or
rounded at the base, 2-3 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, papery or thinly
coriaceous, quite glabrous, rarely with small tufts of rufous liairs 11 the
nerve-axils ; secondary nerves 5-7 on each side, oblique, faint ; trans-
verse veins subhorizontal, obscure ; petiole 4-6 lin. long, slender.
Cymes subumbelliform, gathered in lax more or less divaricate axillary
and terminal panicles ; lower panicles more slender and very loose, up to
3 in. long, the upper often paired, the terminal 3-4-nate, more com-
pound, 1-2 in. long, all finely blackish-furf uraceous ; peduncles up to
1 in. long, very slender; bracts minute ; pedicels fihform up to 1 lin.
long. Calyx campanulate-ovoid, f lin. long, finely furfuraceous ; sepals
ovate, subacute, intra-calycuJar glands 5. Corolla finely papillose without,
campanulate ; tube lJ-2 lin. long, glabrous within above the transveise
subsemicircular calli ; lobes subulate-linear, from a broader base, al^out
as long as the tube or rather shorter. Anthers not quite 1 lin. long,
minutely papillose on the back otherwise glabrous or with 1 or 2 hairs.
Disc shallow, sinuous. Ovary-top pubescent ; style short, obconicul,
papillose ; stigma campanulate, with a subulate apex.

upper Guinea. Cameroons: Yaunde, Zenker Sf Sfaudf, 722! Bii)iude,
Zenker, 1257a ! 1286 !

K. Schumann quotes "Zenker, 722" from Yaunde as the type of his Ouerkea
uropetala. A specimen, how ever, of Zenker & Staudt 722 from Yaunde, received as
Guerkea vropetala from Berlin does not answer to the description of that species, us
it has corollas half as long with lobes rather shorter than the tube, not conspicuously
longer. Possibly the label was misplaced.

20. B. dichotoma, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, lS94f 125. AcHmbing
shrub ; young branches minutely rusty-furfuraceous, soon glabrescent.
Leaves oblong-elliptic, gradually tapering into a long acute or sub-
obtuse acumen, acute at the base, up to 4 in. long and Ih in. broad,
subcoriaceous,fulvo-tomentoseinbud, soon quite glabrous except for tufts
of rufous hairs m the nerve-axils ; secondary nerves (j-8 on each side,
oblique; transverse veins very fine, faint; petiole slender, 8-11 lin.
long. Cymes in compound axillary and terminal panicles or corymbs
with spreading branches and branchlets, covered with the same kind of
tomentum as the young branches, up to 2J in. long ; bracts minute
ovate or lanceolate, acute ; pedicels up to 1-J lin. long. Calyx minutely
furfuraceous or tomentose, Ij lin. long ; sepals rotundate, obtuse; intia-
calycular glands 5. Corolla very finely furfuraceous without; tube
urceolate, not quite 2 lin. long ; throat glabrous, supra-staminal calli
transversely linear ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, subacute, as long as the

21 G Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Baissect.

tube. Staminal cone | lin. long, reaching slightly beyond the middle
of the tube ; anthers with spreading hairs on the back. Disc shallow,
sinuate. Carpels puberulous on the top ; style short, obconical,
papillose ; stigma campanulate, with a subulate apex. — Hua in Bull.
Soc. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 11. Guerkea floribunda, K. Schum. in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iv. ii. 180.

Zioiiirer Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibango Farm, Soyaux, 393 !

21. B, gracillima, Uua in Bull, Soe. Linn. Paris, 2 ser. i. 12. Young
branches compressed, covered with a very fine rusty furfuraceous
tomentum, soon glabrous and terete. Leaves oblong to obovate-oblong,
acutely acuminate (acumen up to | in. long), rounded (rarely sub-
acute) at the base, 3-5 J in. long, l-'2^ in. broad, papery, quite glabrous
except for rufous tufts of hairs in the nerve-axils ; secondary nerves
7-10 on each side ; transverse veins subhorizontal, fine, not very
close ; petiole 2-3 lin. long. Cymes subumbeiliform, gathered in large
compound terminal leafy panicles, 4-6 in. long and as broad, puberu-
lous, especially in the upper part ; branches up to 3 in. long ; bracts
minute, ovate, acute ; pedicels very short, up to | lin. long. Calyx
semi-globose, very minutely pubescent, ^ lin. long ; sepals ovate, sub-
obtuse ; intra-calycular glands 5. Corolla whitish, tubular-campanu-
late, minutely pubescent without; tube 1 lin. long, throat glabrous;
supra-staminal calli 0 ; lobes rather fleshy, linear, obtuse, almost as
long as the tube. Staminal cone reaching to the corolla-mouth, 1 lin.
long ; anthers villous on the back. Disc 5-lobed. Carpels puberulous
on the top ; style very short, obconical, smooth ; stigma oblong-
campanulate with a subulate apex. Follicles very slender, constricted
between the seeds, 8 in. long. — B. micrantha, Hua, I.e. 11. Guerkea
gracillima, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 228.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker ^' Staudt, 124 ! 684 !

Ziower Guinea. French Congo : Loudima, Thollon, 1360 ! Forests of
Mayombe, Thollon, 1129!

Incompletely knov:n species.

22. Oncinotis (?) axillaris. A". Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxiii.
226. A climbing shrub ; young branches tetragonal, very minutely
puberulous, soon glabrous and terete, blackish when dry. Leaves
oblong-lanceolate or subobovate-oblong, shortly and very acutely
acuminate, rounded at the base, 1-lf in. long, 5-8 lin. broad
herbaceous, hispidulous on the midrib below ; petiole scarcely 1 J lin.
long. Flowers in axillary fascicles or 5-6 -flowered cymes ; inflores-
cences minutely puberulous, scarcely 4 lin. long; pedicels short.
Calyx puberulous, | lin. long. Corolla campanulate ; tube puberulous
without, 2J lin. long ; lobes 3J-4 lin. long. Anthers J lin. long,
sparingly hairy on the back. Ovary sparingly pubescent on the top.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, Mechow, 569.

This is almost certainly a species of JBaissea, altliough it seems to liave the
iuliorescence of a Zygodia,

Baissea.] lxxxiv. APocYNACEiE (staff). 217

23. Guerkea schumanniana, Be Wild, d- Durand in Comptea-
rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 128. A climbing shrub; branches
slender, terete, velvety, compressed when young. Leaves oblong or
obovate, shortly acuminate, obtuse or subcordate at the base, 1-1 J in.
long, J-1 in. broad, sparingly hairy above, long hairy on the nerves
below ; secondary nerves about 5 on each side, slightly raised on both
surfaces. Panicles few-flowered, shorter than the leaves, minutely
tomentose ; peduncle 5 lin. long. Calyx | lin. long ; sepals oblong-
ovate. Corolla subcampanulate, minutely tomentose without; tube
l\ lin. long ; lobes as long as the tube. Ovary hairy. Follicles elongate,
brown, velvety, 3-6 in. long. Seeds ovate-lanceolate, flattened, 1) lin.
long; coma 11 lin. long.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : liangala, Dewevre (flowers) ; IJumba, on
the Kiver Congo, Dewevre (fruits).

The cUscription answers very well to the genus Baissea, and Hua (in Conipt.
llend. Acad. Paris, exxxiv. 857) points out that 6r. schumanniana is sictuilly
identical with B. axillaris, Stapf.

39. ZYGODIA, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 710.

Calyx small, herbaceous, with 3-5 very minute intracalycular glands,
rarely eglandular ; sepals 5, free or nearly so, slightly imbricate, ovate,
acute or obtuse. Corolla campanulate or urceolate, naked at the
mouth, with or without minute callous scales some way above the in-
sertion of the stamens and with dense obversely triangular patches of
white reflexed hairs between them ; lobes short, ovate, overlapping to
the right. Stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube ;
filaments extremely short, stout ; anthers conniving in a cone, included,
lanceolate, acute, sagittate; appendages as long as or longer than the
polliniferous part ; tails short, subobtuse ; foot of the connective broad,
with a faint central ridge and hairy cushion at the base. Disc cupular,
entire or slightly 5-lobed. Carpels 2, free, slightly inferior, more or
less fused with the disc; style very shorty usually obconic; stigma conic
or conic- ellipsoid, with a bifid apiculus; ovules numerous, pluriseriate.
Mericarps follicular, divaricate, cylindric, slender. Seeds unknown. —
Scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, small, thinly coriaceous, with the
petioles twisted so as to be all in one plane; axillary stipules and
glands 0. Flowers inconspicuous, in small very short axillary cymes.
Species 5, endemic.
*EuzTGODiA. — No callous scales in the corolla-tube.
Young branches densely f ulvo-tomentose ; leaves

rhombic 1. Z. urceolata.

Young branches finely fulvo- pubescent or pubcrulous,

soon glabrescent ; leaves obovate-oblong . . 2. Z. suhsessilis.
**HuALLA. — With minute callous scales some way above the insertion of tlio
stamens.

Top of ovary hairy.

Nerves very fine, but distinct like tiie veins; leaves

thin, papery 3. -^, myrtifolia.

2l8 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Zygodici.

Nerves and veins obscure, at least in tlie old leaves ;

old leaves coriaceous . . . . . 4. Z. melanocephala.

Top of ovary glabrous . . . . . . h. Z. kindengensis.

1. Z. urceolata, Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 122. A climbing
shrub; young branches densely fulvo-tomentose, terete, spreading at
wide angles, flexuose. Leaves all in one plane, rhomboid-lanceolate,
acute at both ends, 1 in. long, 6 lin. broad, thinly coriaceous, hirsute
on the midrib above, and on the nerves below, ultimately glabrescent ;
secondary nerves faint, about 6-7 on each side. Cymes crowded,
sessile or subsessile, 2-3 lin, long, rufo-pubescent ; bracts oblong or
linear-oblong ; pedicels almost 0. Calyx pubescent, ^ lin. long with
2-3 very minute intra-calycular glands ; sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla
urceolate, \\ lin. long, glabrous without, hairy within, except at the
base, without supra-staminal scales ; tube 2-3 times as long as the
roundish lobes ; stamens inserted on a slight glabrous swelling of the
corolla-tube ; anthers sparingly hairy on the top. Disc distinct.
Carpel-tops hairy. Style very short, obconic ; stigma almost bell-
shaped, with a small apiculus. — Hua in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris,
cxxxiv. 858.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5961 !

2. Z. subsessilis, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PL sub t. 1184. Young
branches very ^lender, terete, pubescent with minute curled or flexuose
hairs. Leaves rather variable in shape and size, obovate-oblong,
acuminate, rounded or acute at the base, l|-3 in. long, |-1| in. broad,
thinly coriaceous, shiny, glabrous above, except on the midrib, minutely
hairy on the midrib and in the nerve-axils below ; secondary nerves
5-6 on each side; veins fine but distinct in the young, obscure in the
old leaves ; petiole rather stout, J lin. long. Cymes about 4 lin. long,
rusty pubescent ; peduncle 2 lin. long; bracts linear-oblong, or ovate ;
pedicels scarcely any. Calyx minutely pubescent, J lin. long with 5
minute intracalycular glands ; sepals oblong-ovate, subobtuse. Corolla
glabrous without, pubescent within except at the base, without supra-
staminal scales (known from buds only). Stamens inserted on a slight
glabrous swelling of the corolla-tube. Anthers hairy on the back.
Disc distinct. Carpel-tops pilose.

Xiower Guinea. Lowe r Congo, Smith /

3. Z. myrtifolia, Benth in Hook. Ic. PI. sub t. 1184. A climbing
shrub ; young branches very slender, terete, pubescent with minute
curled or flexuose hairs. Leaves obovate-lanceolate to oblong, acute or
acutely acuminate, acute to rounded at the b^jse, 1J-2J in. lon</,
7-1) lin. broad, thin, shiny, scantily and minutely hairy on the midrib
above and below, soon glabrescent ; secondary nerves 6-8 on each side,
very fine but distinct like the loosely anastomosing veins, and slightly
raised on both sides ; petiole thin, 1 lin, long. Cymes dense, about

Zygodia.'] lxxxiv. apocynace^. (staff). 210

3-4 lin. long, rusty pubescent; peduncle fine, 1-2 lin. long; bracts
lanceolate to linear ; pedicels extremely short or 0. Calyx finely
pubescent, J lin. long, with a few very minute intracalycular glands ;
sepals oblong, acute. Corolla subcampanulate, lj-l{ lin. long,
glabrous outside, hairy within except at the base ; supra-staminal scales
distinct, rather remote from the base of the filament ; lobes ovate,
acute, as long as the tube. Anthers hairy on the back. Disc distinct.
Carpel-tops pilose.

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usaramo ; Bagamoyo, Kirk !

4. Z. melanocephala, Staj)f. A climbing shrub ; young branches
slender, minutely rusty pubescent, soon glabrescent. Leaves oblong,
shortly acuminate, rounded at the base, 1|-2J in. long, 8-10 lin.
broad, thin at the time of flowering, ultimately coriaceous, bearded in
the nerve-axils below, shiny and pubescent on the midrib above;
secondary nerves G-8 on each side, fine, distinct in the young, often
obscure in the old leaves; petiole 1 lin. long. Cymes dense, rusty
pubescent; peduncle 2 J lin. long; bracts linear; pedicels short or 0.
Calyx finely pubescent, 1 lin. long, without intracalycular glands ; sepals
ovate, acute. Corolla subcampanulate, 2 lin. long, glabrous without,
hairy within except at the base ; supra-staminal scales distinct, rather
remote from the base of the filament ; tube hairy within ; lobes ovate-
oblong equalling the tube. Anthers hairy on the back. Disc distinct.
Carpels pilose at the top. Follicles slender, spreading, up to 8 in. long.
— Oncinotis melanocephala, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 179, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 319.

Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usambara; Misosul, on the River
Buruka, Hoist, 2217 !

Very near Z. myrtifolia, Benth.

5. Z. kindengensis, K. Schv/m. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 164. A climbing shrub. Young branches very slender, rusty
pubescent. Leaves oblong, acutely acuminate, acute or rounded at the
base, 1-1| in. long, 4-6 lin. broad, papery, glabrous, except along the
midrib above and the bearded nerve-axils below ; secondary nerves
6-8 on each side, fine, but distinct ; petiole 1| lin. long. Cymes few-
flowered, rusty pubescent; peduncle 1-H lin. long; bracts linear;
pedicels short. Calyx finely pubescent, 1 lin. long with 5 very minute
intracalycular glands ; sepals linear. Corolla subcampanulate, 1 J-2 lin.
long, glabrous without except at the base ; supra-staminal scales dis-
tinct, somewhat remote from the base of the filament; tube finely
hairy within ; lobes ovate, acute, as long as the tube. Anthers hairy on
the back. Disc distinct. Carpels glabrous. — K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl.
Ost-Afr. C. 318.

Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa: Usaraino; Kidunge, Stuhlmann,
6344!

220 LXXXIV. APOCYNACE^ (sTi^^F^Y [OilcinotlS.

40. ONCINOTIS, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. 718.

Calyx small, eglandular within, rarely with 5 minute glands
alternating with the sepals; sepals imbricate, ovate, acute or obtuse.
Corolla salver- shaped ; tube short, widest at the middle, densely
tomentose within except at the very base, with 5 ligulate scales in the
mouth alternating with the lobes and projecting obliquely into the
mouth.; lobes overlapping to the right, spreading or reflexed. Stamens
inserted somewhat above the corolla-base ; filaments very short, stout,
arching over the ovary, densely hairy on the inner side ; anthers
conniving in a cone, included, sublinear, sagittate; appendages as long
as the polliniferous part ; tails short, very obtuse, recurved ; foot of
the connective with a faint central ridge in the upper part and £C
cushion of short papillae at the base. Disc cupular, 5-lobed or 5-
partite. Carpels 2, free, shortly exserted and free from the disc. Style
very short, passing into the short spindle-shaped stigma ; apiculus 2-
lobed. Mericarps follicular, spindle-shaped, divaricate. Seeds lanceo-
late, with an apical cone. Embryo unknown. — Glabrous or hairy scan-
dent shrubs. Leaves opposite ; secondary nerves usually distant ;
axillary stipules and glands 0. Panicles axillary or axillary and
terminal, consisting of opposite or subopposite, few- to many- flowered
contracted cymes ; flowers inconspicuous.

Species 10, 8 in tropical Africa, 1 in Natal and 1 in Madagascar.
Glabrous except the inflorescences (and sometimes also
the brancli-tips) which are. very delicately rusty
pubescent or minutely tomentose.
Secondary nerves 9-14 on each side, straight.

Calyx with 5 small but distinct glands within;
secondary iierves 9-11 on each side; throat-
scales very short . , . , . . 1. 0. glandulosa.
Calyx egliindular within ; secondary nerves 12-14
on each side ; throat-scales elongate.
Leaves 3-3i in. long, 1:^ in. broad; petiole 3—4
lin, long; secondary nerves 2-3 lin. apart;
calyx 1 lin. long . . . . . 2. O. nitida.

Leaves 35-4f in. long, 1^-2 in. broad; petiole
np to 9 lin. long; secondary nerves 3-5 lin.
apart; calyx 1^ lin. long . . . 3. 0. Batesii.

Secondary nerves 5-9 on each side, usually gently
curved in the outer half, more oblique than in
the 2 preceding species.
Leaves oblong to elliptic- oblong, li-2^ in. broad,*
shortly acute or obtuse at the base.
Young branches compressed; leaves gradually

acuminate; calyx 1^ lin. long . . . 4. O. oampanulata.

Young branches terete ; leaves abruptly acumi-
nate ; calyx 1 lin. long . . . . 5. O. glahrata.

Leaves more or less lanceolate, up to 1 in. broad,

long acute at the base . . . . 6. O. tenuiloha.

More or less hairy all over, at least when young.

Hirsute, at last glabrescent ; bracts and sepals

narrow . . . . . . . . 7. O. gracilis.

Stellate-tomentose ; bracts and sepals very broad . 8. O. hirta.

Oncinotis.] Lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 221

1. O. glandulosa, Stapf. Quite glabrous except the inflores-
cence. Young branches terete or slightly compressed near the tip,
greyish-brown. Leaves oblong, acutely acuminate, subacute at the
base, 3-5 in. long, IJ-lJ in. broad, papery, glossy; secondary nerves
9-11 on each side, straight, slightly oblique, finely channelled above,
prominent below ; reticulation rather loose, raised below ; petiole very
slender, 4-6 lin. long. Panicles lateral and terminal, rather numerous
and unequal, the longest sometimes nodding, J-2 in. long (excluding
the peduncle), more or less linear in outline ; peduncle hardly any or
up to I in. long, compressed, glabrous like the lower part of the rhachis ;
flowers often in clusters at the nodes of the rhachis or the ends of the
lowest branches ; bracts minute, caducous ; pedicels very delicately
ferrugineous-tomentose, up to 1 lin. long. Calyx H lin. long; sepals
elliptic, obtuse, thin, very delicately pubescent, with'small glands witiiin
alternating with them. Corolla-tube inflated, 2 lin. long; delicately
tomentose above the middle without; throat-scales tubercle-shaped,
J lin. long ; lobes broad-oblong, 2 lin. long. Anthers IJ lin. long.

Upper Culnea. Cameroons : Bipinde, in forests, Zenker, 1552 !

2. O. nitida, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 451. A scandent shrub,
perfectly glabrous except the inflorescences ; young branches com-
pressed, ultimately terete, brown when dry. Leaves oblong, abrupt!}'
acuminate, acute to acuminate at the base, 3-3 J in. long, 1 j in. bro.ul,
thinly coriaceous, glossy on both sides ; secondary nerves 12-14, straif^ht
and parallel, connected by short submarginal loops ; veins conspicuous,
subparallel, running from the marginal nerve to the midrib, like the
nerves raised below ; petiole slender, 3-4 lin. long. Panicles slender,
axillary, 1-2 in. long, or elongate, compound, terminal, leafy or leafless ;
bracts ovate or oblong-ovate, caducous ; pedicels minutely pubescent, up
to 1 in. long. Calyx IJ lin. long, pubescent ; sepals ovate, obtuse or
acute. Corolla-tube 2 lin. long; lobes lanceolate-oblong, subacute.
2 lin. long ; throat-scales subulate, | lin. long. Anthers slightly over
1 lin. long. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 170.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Yogel, 63 !

3. O, Batesii, Stapf. A scandent shrub, perfectly glabrous
except the inflorescences ; branches terete, dull brown when dry.
Leaves oblong, acuminate, acute at the base, 3i-3j in. long, lJ-2 in.
broad, coriaceous, somewhat glossy on both sides ; secondary nerves
about 12 on each side, straight and parallel, connected by distinct
marginal loops, with fine branched veins running from the margin
towards the midrib ; petiole up to 9 lin. long. Panicles simple or
compound, terminal and subterminal, 2-4 in. long, minutely rusty
tomentose in the upper part, leafy or leafless ; bracts caducous ; pedicels
1-1 J lin. long. Calyx 1^ lin. long; sepals ovate-elliptic or elliptic,
obtuse, very minutely rusty tomentose along the middle of the back,
densely ciliate. Corolla greenish-yellow ; tube 2 lin. long ; lobes oblong,

222 Lxxxiv. APOOYNACE^ (stapf). [Ouciitotis.

subobtuse, 2 lin. long ; throat-scales linear, up to J lin. long. Anthers
slightly over 1 lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Efulen, Bates, 403 !

4. O. campanulata, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxiii. 227. Quite
glabrous except the inflorescences. Young branches compressed, at
length terete, reddish-brown or brown. Leaves oblong to elliptic-
oblong, acufninate, shortly acute or obtuse at the base, 3 to more than
5 in. long, 1 J-2| in. broad, papery, thin ; secondary nerves 7-9 on each
side, oblique, very slender, finely channelled above, slightly prominent
below ; reticulation rather loose, inconspicuous below ; petiole 5-8 lin.
long, slender. Panicles lateral and terminal, more or less nodding,
many- or few-flowered, linear or lanceolate, or if short ovate in outline,
up to 2h in. long (without the peduncle) and to 1\ in. wide at the base,
delicately and minutely rusty-tomentose, at length glabrescent in the
lower parts ; peduncle slender, much compressed, glabrous, up to 2 in.
long ; bracts minute, early deciduous ; pedicels very short, the longest
up to Ij lin. long. Calyx Ij lin. long; sepals rotundate-elliptic, very
obtuse, thin, delicately pubescent, eglandular. Corolla-tube inflated,
l|-2 lin. long, delicately and minutely tomentose without above the
middle ; throat-scales linear from a broad base, thick, over J lin. long,
conspicuous ; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, 1 J lin. long. Anthers l^^ lin,
long.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker Sf Staudt, 19, 530 ! 544 !

5. O. glabrata, Stapf ex Uiem in Cat. Afr. PI. Welio. i. 674. A
very tall climber, perfectly glabrous except the inflorescences ; branches
terete, brown when dry. Leaves oblong, abruptly acuminate, shortly
acute or rounded at the base, 2^-4 in. long, 1|-1| in. broad, papery,
usually glossy on both sides ; secondary nerves 5-9 ; veins joining in a
loose slightly raised network ; petiole slender, 6 lin. long. Flowers in
slen der often paired axillary panicles, l|-4 in. long, or reduced almost
to racemes, very finely rusty puberulous ; bracts minute, caducous ;
pedicels 1 J lin. long or hardly any. Calyx 1 lin. long, finely pubescent ;
sepals ovaie, obtuse, ultimately recurved at the tips. Corolla greenish-
yellow, very finely pubescent without, subcylindric in bud ; tube 1 J-2
lin. long ; lobes oblong, as long as the tube ; throat-scales J lin. long,
linear-oblong. Follicles lanceolate, with a curved acumen, over 4 in.
long, glabrous. Seeds 5J lin. long; coma IJ lin. long. — Motandra
glahrata^ Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 760 ; K. Schum. in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 164.

Zio-wer Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto j in forests by the Ambaca Road,
Welwitsch, 5957 ! in forests on the Queta Mountains, Welwitsch, 5958 ! banks of
the River Coango, Welwitsch, 6014 !

6. O. tenuiloba, Stapf in Kew Bulletin^ 1898, 307. A climbing
shrub, quite glabrous except the young branchlets and inflorescences;
young branches delicately tomentose, soon glabrous, slender. Leaves
lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, acutely acuminate, acute at the base,

Oncinotis.] Lxxxiv. APocYNACEiE (staff). 223

2J-3 in. long, 1 in. broad, thinly coriaceous ; secondary nerves about 5
on each side, very oblique ; transverse veins loose ; petiole slender
2-3 lin. long. Panicles from the axils of the upper leaves, ovate to
lanceolate in outline, lJ-2 in. long, slender, delicately and minutely
tomentose ; peduncle up to J in. long ; bracts minute, caducous ;
pedicels up to 1 J lin. long. Calyx | lin. long ; sepals ovate-oblong, sub-
acute, delicately pubescent, eglandular within. Corolla greenish-
yellow, delicately and minutely tomentose without; tube 1^ lin. long;
lobes linear, up to 3 Hn. long ; throat -scales filiform, obtuse, not quite
J lin. long. Anthers 1 lin. long. — Stapf in De Wild. & Durand,
Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. 41 ; De Wild. & Durand, 111. Fl. Congo, 131, t!
Ixxvi. ; Rehq. Dewevr. 156.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : near the Inkassa Ri\er, Dewevre, 883 !

7. O. gracilis, Stapf in Kew Bvlletin, 1894, 124. A climbing
shrub ; branches terete, spreadingly rufo-hirsute. Leaves obovate-
oblong, acuminate, rounded or subacute at the base, 3-3 J in. long, H in.
broad, membranous, fulvo-hirsute when young, glabrescent above;
secondary nerves 5-6 on each side; petiole 6 lin. long. Flowers in
axillary, slender, hirsute, racemes or panicles; peduncle 6-9 lin. long,
slender ; bracts lanceolate, small, early deciduous ; pedicels very short
or 0. Calyx | lin. long, tomentose ; sepals ovate or lanceolate-ovate,
acute. Corolla greenish-yellow, fragrant, minutely tomentose without,
very slender, almost subulate in bud; tube 1| lin. long ; lobes linear-
oblong, as long as or slightly longer than the tube. FolHcles spindle-
shaped divaricate, 6-7 in. long, brown, glabrescent. Seeds spindle-
shaped, 8 lin. long ; coma 2 in. long.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Kwahu, 2000 ft., Johnson, 658 ! Lagos :
Ollaro, Millen, 106 ! on the road to Igbessa, Millen, 189!

8. O. hirta, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 1232. A very tall climber,
more or less yellowish-green in all parts and covered with a stellate
tomentum ; branches terete, densely fulvo-tomentose. Leaves oblong
or obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate or apiculate, rounded at the
base, 3J-4| in. long, 1J-2| in. broad, membranous, fulvo-tomen-
tose on both surfaces, ultimately more or less glabrescent alove ;
secondary nerves 6-7 on each side; petiole 2-3 lin. long. Panicles
axillary, fulvo-tomentose, 2J-4 J in. long ; bracts broad, ovate, tomentose,
1-1 J lin. long; pedicels very short or 0. Calyx 1 lin. long, tomentose ;
sepals broad ovate, obtuse. Corolla yellowish or greenish, finely tomen-
tose outside ; tube slightly longer than the calyx ; lobes oblong, apicu-
late, as long as the tube, throat-scales linear-oblong. Follicles cylindrii-,
obtuse, densely fusco-tomentose. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI, Weiw. i. 674.
Motandra welwiischiana, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 760; K.
Schum. in Engl. &, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 164 ; De Wild, ct Dm ami
in Mem. Soc. Bot. Belg. xl. 24.

IiO'wer Guinea. Loango : near Makunga, Soyaux, 147 ! Angola : Golungo
Alto; in thickets at the base of the Quilombo Quiacatubia Mountains, in Queta uu'l
between Ponte de Luis Simoes and Camilungo, Welwitsch, 5956 !

224 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Oncinotis.

Imperfectly known species.

9. O. cWorogena, K. Schum. in Schlechter, Westafr. Kautsbhuk-
Exped. 307. A liane with yellow flowers.

Upper Guinea. Lagos : in forest near Ikoradu, Schlechter, 12996 !

10. O. subsessilis, K. Schum. I.e. Flowers whitish with 5
purple streaks in the throat.

Upper Guinea. Lagos : Yoruba; Isliagamo, Schlechter, 12310.

41. MOTANDRA, A. DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 715.

Calyx small, herbaceous, eglandular ; sepals almost free, imbricate,
ovate, obtuse. Corolla slightly funnel-shaped to salver-shaped ; tube
cylindric or almost so, comparatively wide, with h longitudinal grooves
outside and corresponding slightly projecting ridges inside descending
from the sinuses to the middle, and there touching a ring of hairs con-
sisting of 5 supra-staminal arches ; mouth naked ; lobes linear-oblong
or ovate, overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted above the base of
the corolla-tube ; filaments filiform-clavate, short ; anthers conniving
into a cone, included, linear, terminating in a minutely plumose mucro,
sagittate ; appendages slightly shorter than the polliniferous part ; tails
short, very obtuse, recurved ; foot of the connective projecting, glabrous
above, papillose below. Disc cupular, 5-lobed, fleshy. Carpels 2,
free, slightly inferior, adnate to the disc up to or beyond the middle ;
style very short ; stigma spindle-shaped, 2-lobed, lobes linear ; ovules
pluriseriate, numerous. Mericarps follicular, lanceolate in outline,
divaricate. Seeds oblong, obtuse at both ends, with a long deciduous
apical coma; endosperm scanty. Cotyledons foliaceous, thin; radicle
short. — Scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, papery; secondary nerves
distant ; axillary stipules 0 ; axillary glands 0. Panicles terminal,
rather loose; flowers -inconspicuous.
Species 3 endemic.
Bracts very small, inconspicuous; flowers white ;
corolla -lobes longer than the tube.
Panicles linear, when elongated usually not more
than 1 in. wide; leaves with patches of white
liairs in the nerve-axils below . . . . \. M. guineensis.

Panicles pyramidal, up to more than 3 in. v\ide at
the base ; leaves usually without patches of lia'ra

in the nerve-axils below 2. M. pyramidalis.

Br cts foliaceous, up to 3^ lin. long; flowers yellow ;

corolLi-L)bes shorter than the tube . . . 3. Jf. Ltijcei.

1. M. guineensis, A. DC. Prod. viii. 423. A small, more or less
scandent shrub ; young branches slender, densely fulvo-tomentose,
ultimately glabrescent and reddish-brown. Leaves oblong to oblong-
lanceolate or obovate, acuminate, (acumen short or up to f in. long,
narrow),obtuse at the base, 2-4 in, long, 1-1 J in. broad, fulvo-tomen-

2Iotandra.] lxxxiv. apocynace.*: (stapf), 22r»

tose in bud, soon glabrescent, with tufts of hairs in the nerve-axils ;
secondary nerves 5-7 on each side ; veins faint ; petiole tomentose!
2-0 lin. long. Panicle 1-G in. long, 1 in. broad, usually linear or
lanceolate in outline when more than 1 in. long, fulvo-tomento.se all
over; peduncle very short or up to 1 in. long; bracts subulate, small ;
pedicels up to :> lin. long. Calyx j lin. long, tomentose. Corolla white,
fragrant, almost subulate in bud ; tube 1} lin, long, minutely puberulous
without ; lobes up to 2 lin. long. Follicles divaricate, lanceolate,
acuminate, with the acute acumen slightly incurved, densely tomentose,
4 in. long. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 104 ; De
Wild. & Durand, Contr. Fl. Congo, i. 41 and ii. 41, and Reliq. Dewevr.
1 .■).■). Echites guineensis, Thonn. in Schumach. ik Thonn. Beskr. Guin.
PI. 140. E . paniculata, Thonn. ex A. DC. I.e.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Aquapiru, Thonning ; Abnri Hills, Broim,
in Herb. Johnson, 684 ! Kwaliu, Johnson, 642 ! Daliomoy : Bas^iln, Poissou '.
Lagos : near Lagos, Mill en, 145 ! Ibadan Koad, Millen, 114 ! Oyo, Barter, 3411 !
Interior, Roioland ! Millson, 16! Southern Nigeria: Onitsa, Barter, 1636 1
Canieroons : Yaunde, Zenker Sf Standi, 794 ! Batanga, Bates, 403 !

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Upper Congo; Kasongo, Detcerre, 99o.
Stanleyville, DemeusQ, 423 !

2. M. pyramidalis, Stapf. A robust shrub, climbing far and
high ; branchlets fulvo-tomehtose. LBaves oblong, acuminate, obtuse
at the base, 1|-2J in. long, |-1 in. broad when young, deep green,
papery, finely tomentose when quite young, soon glabrescent, at length
almost glabrous except the midrib and secondary nerves which retain
more or less of the delicate rusty tomentum, sometimes with minute
patches of hairs in the nerve-axils, glossy above; secondary nerves 7-N
on each side ; petiole rusty-velvety, up to 3J lin. long. Panicle more oi-
less pyramidal, up to 5 in. long and to more than o in. broad, rather
lax, fulvo-tomentose all over; peduncle very short or up to 1 in. long;
bracts subulate, very small or suppressed ; pedicels very short or the
terminal up to 2 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin. long, fulvo-tomentose. Corolla
white; tube minutely puberulous outside except at the base, 2 lin.
long ; lobes up to 2 J lin. long. Follicles lanceolate, acuminate with the
acumen incurved, densely tomentose, about G lin. long. — M. yuineeusis,
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 672, not of A. DC.

Ziower Guinea. Angola : Golnngo Alto; towards Ambaca nnd in the forests
of tlie highest ridges of Alto Queta, Weltcitsch, 5964 I and fruit 11181

3. M. Lujsei, De Wild, d- Durand in Mem. Snc. Bof. Belij. xl. 2:5.
A shrub; branchlets rufo-tomentose when young, at length glabrous.
Leaves ovate or obovate-elliptic, acuminate (acumen apiculate), rounded
or subcordate at the base, lJ-4 lin. long, j-lj in. broad, dark green
and glabrous above except on the finely puberulous nerves, scantily hairy
below on the nerves and with tufts of hairs in the nerve-axils ; secondary
nerves 5-G on each side, prominent below ; reticulation distinct below ;
petiole lh-2 lin. long, velvety. Panicles short; bracts foliaceous, up to
3 J lin. long, with reddish hairs ; pedicels short, lengthening after

220 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Motcmdra.

flowering ; calyx 2 lin. long, greenish-brown ; sepals ovate-lanceolate,
velvety, 1 lin. long. Corolla-tube rufo-tomentose without, 1 J-^J lin.
long ; lobes ovate, f lin. long, yellow, glabrous within, brownish-
tomentose without. Follicles densely brownish-velvety, acute, 2J in.
long (immature?). Seeds SJ mm. long, 1 mm. broad.

Soutb Central, Congo Free State: Kassai District; Lubuc, Luja, 274,
287.

This is stated to yield great c[ua tities of a white latex which coagulates in very
elastic masses.

Imperjecthj known species.

4. M. rostrata^ K. Schum. in Schlechter, Westafrik. Kautschuk-
Exped. ?)01. A liane with white flowers. Perhaps identical with
M. guineensis.

Upper Cruinea. Lagos : Ishagarao, SchlecJder, 12312.

42. ADENIUM, Roem. & Schult. ; Benth. et Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. 722.

Calyx 3-4 lin. long, herbaceous, eglandular within ; sepals '),
lanceolate or subulate. Corolla funnel-shaped or eampanulate from a
short cylindric base, with paired small or obscure scales in the mouth;
.scales more or less confluent at the base and formmg obtriangular
pockets, alternating with the lobes ; lobes 5 broad, twisted, overlapping
to the liijht. Stamens inserted at the base of the widened portion of
the corolla tube ; filaments very short ; anthers conniving in a cone,
projecting into the widened part of the corolla-tube, lanceolate, with
long filiform terminal appendages, sagittate ; basal appendages much
longer than the polliniferous part, distinctly tailed ; foot of the con-
nective channelled and glabrous in the upper part, with a projection in
the centre and a brush-like cushion below decurrent on the filament
and passing into the tomentose filamental ridges. Disc 0. Carpels 2,
free ; style filiform, short ; stigma eampanulate, capitate, with a basal
rim and a minute bifid apiculus, agglutinated to the foot of the con-
nective; ovules very numerous, pluriseriate. Mericarps follicular,
divaricate or reflexed. Seeds linear-oblong, covered with reversed hairs,
with a deciduous coma at either end ; endosperm very thin ; coty-
ledons short, convolute ; radicle much longer than the cotyledons. —
Succulent shrubs, often with swollen stems and fleshy branches. Leaves
in spirals and terminal fascicles, rather fleshy ; axillary stipules 0 ;
axillary glands subulate, conspicuous, several in each leaf-axil. Cymes
few-flowered, terminal, subsessile ; flowers pink or purple, showy.

About 12 species; 6 in tropical Africa, 2 in South Africa, 1 in Socotrd, and 3-4
in Arabia, some of them very closely allied.

Widened part of the corolla-tube glabrous within; apical
anther-tails rciK^hing slightly beyond the middle of
the corolla-tube . . . . . . . 1. A. boehmia?ium.

Adenium.] lxxxiv. apocynace^ (staff). 227

Widened part of the corolla-tube more or less villous
within ; apical anther-tails reaching to the corolla-
mouth or exserted.
Flowers produced at the same time as the leaves.
Leaves obovate-cuneate, li-3 times as long as

broad . . . . . . . . 2. A. coetaneum.

Leaves linear or linear-oblong, at least 4-5 times
as long as broad.
Leaves 4-10 lin. broad, tomentose or rarely

glabrous ; flowers in paired racemes . . 3. A. speciosum.

Leaves f -4 (rarely -6) lin. broad, quite glabrous ;
flowers solitary or in few-flowered subsessile
cymes . . . . . . . 4. A. somalense.

Flowers produced before the leaves ; leaves glabrous.

Corolla buds and lobes obtuse . . . . b. A. Honghel.

Corolla buds and lobes caudate-cuspidate . . Q. A. multijlorum.

1. A, boehmianum, Schinz in Verhaiull. Bot. Ver. Brandeno.
XXX. 259. A shrub, 9-12 ft. high ; young branches softly tomentose.
Leaves broadly obovate-cuneate, rounded or more or less notched at the
apex, gradually or suddenly narrowed into the basal cuneate portion,
3 1^-4 in. long, 2-2 J in. broad, rather coriaceous, softly and loosely
tomentose on both sides, glaucous ; secondary nerves subhonzontal,
distinct, 1J-2J lin. apart: petiole up to 1 lin. long. Cymes terminal
or pseudo-axillary, tomentose; bracts triangular-lanceolate, 2-o lin. long ;
pedicels slender, up to 6 lin. long. Calyx 3 lin. long; sepals subulate-
lanceolate, hairy. Corolla peach-coloured, purple in the throat, scent-
less, more or less hairy without ; infra-staminal part of the tube 2i lin.
long, with 5 hairy lines within, glabrous at the base, supra-staminal
part 1 in. long, wide funnel-shaped, glabrous within ; throat-scales
obscure, almost wholly confluent ; lobes obovate, very broad, 1-1 J in.
long, rounded, sometimes obscurely cuspidate. Anthers 21 lin. long,
hairy on the back ; apical tails 5 lin. long.

Ziower Guinea. German South-west Africa : Amboland ; Olukonda, Schinz,
216! Upingtonia and in the Northern and North-eastern parts of Hercroland,
Schinz.

2. A. coetaneum, Stapj. A shrub, 1-3 ft. high, with a very
short fleshy trunk and succulent branches, generally more or less hairy
when quite young, and tapering from a very thick base (2U in circum
ference) to less than 1 in. in diam. Leavfes obovate-ci^neate, rounded or
slightly retuse at the apex and usually minutely cuspidate, very gradually
tapering towards the base, lJ-4 in. long, |-U in. broad, succulent,
stiff, more or less tomentose, especially when young, so.n glabrescent or
quite glabrous (even in bud) ; secondary nerves quite invisible or very
faint, oblique, the middle ones 3-4 lin. apart ; petiole very short or 0.
Cymes 2-fiowered, contracted, sessile, terminal, from a bunch of leaves,
minutely tomentose or glabrous; bracts lanceolate to s .bulate, 2-3 lin.
long; pedicels up to 2 lin. long. Calyx hairy, b-5 lin. long; sepals
lanceolate. Corolla pink or crimson, more or less pubescent without ;
infra-staminal part of the tube oh-'j lin. long, \.ith 5 hairy lines

•J'2S Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Adenium,

descending from the filaments almost to the middle, otherwise glabrous
within, supra-staminal part wide, tubular or rather funnel-shaped,
S-15 lin. long, sparingly villous in the throat with 5 descending hairy-
lines ; throat-scales short, decurrent on one side and confluent below,
forming an obversely sagittate pocket ; lobes oblong or obovate, slightly
longer than broad, 8-12 lin. long, obscurely acuminate, usually minutely
cuspidate. Anthers 3 lin. long ; apical tails reaching to or beyond the
corolla-mouth. — A. speciosum, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 108 not
of Fenzl. A. No. 2, Oliv. I.e. A. obesum, Balf. f. in Trans. Roy. Soc.
Edin. xxxi. 161 partly; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 319, and
in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 453 (?) not of Roem. & Schult.

wile Iiand. Uganda : Bari district, Speke ^ Orant, 766 ! Upper Nile,
Freeman & Lucas, 75 ! British East Africa: East shore of Lake KudolF, Wellby,
98 ! 20-60 miles inland from Mombasa, JBinns ! Johnston ! near Momh^isa,
midebrandt, 105 B! Joravu, Wakefield! Ribe, Wakefield! Witu, Thomas, 130!

IMCozamb. Slst. German East Africa : around Kilimanjaro, New ! Usambar.i
Tanga, Volkens, 145 ! on a plain by the Wami River, Hildehrandt, 1005
Usaramo; Muhonyera, Speke, Sf Grant! Uiusuru; steppe forest, near Behobeho,
north of Kongulio, Stuhlmann, 9319 (ex Schumann).

This species is undoubtedly very closely allied to A. obesum, Boem. & Schult.;
but in this the flowers are produced on leafless branches, the leaves are not so con-
sjucuously cuneate and the corolla-lobes almost orbicular.

3. A. speciosum, Fenzl in Sitzungsh. Akacl. Wien. Math.-Nat. li.
140. Trunk conical, 4 ft. high or more, 2-3 ft. thick at the base,
scantily branched at the top ; young branches silky-tomentose, elongate.
Leaves oblanceolate or linear-oblong, rounded at the apex or slightly
retuse, mucronulate, rather suddenly or (rarely) gradually narrowed at
the base, 2-4 in. long, 4-10 lin. broad, softly tomentose on both sides,
rarely glabrous ; secondary nerves oblique, very faint, 2 J-3 lin. apart ;
petiole stout, very short or 0. Inflorescence racemose, forked almost
from the base, few- or many-flowered; branches stout, lJ-3 in. long,

• tomentose, with numerous subulate bracts 2-3 lin. long ; pedicels very
short and stout. Calyx hairy, 3-3 J lin. long ; sepals subulate from a
triangular base. Corolla deep pink ; infra-staminal part 4-5 lin. long,
with 5 hairy lines descending to or beyond the middle, glabrous at the
base within, supra-staminal part funnel-shaped, |-1 in. long, villous
within ; throat-scales very short, decurrent on one side, confluent at the
base, forming an obversely sagittate pocket ; lobes suborbicular, minutely
cuspidate. Anthers 3 J lin, long ; apical tails reaching to the mouth.
Follicles linear-spindle-shaped, tomentose, reflexed, 5-7 in. long. Seeds
5 lin. long, striate; coma 10-12 lin. long, reddish.

Nile I.and. South-West Kordofan: Jebel (Mount) Hedra, Kotschy, 399 1
Sennar ; near Fazokl, and Jebel Akaro, Kotschy, 399 !

4. A. somalense, Balf. f. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. xxxi. 162. A
shrub, perfectly glabrous, except the inflorescence ; branches succulent,
from 1-6 lin. thick. Leaves linear-oblong to linear, mucronulate,
shortly acute at the base, 1 J-2 J in. long, 1-9 lin. broad, succulent, midrib

Adenium.] Lxxxiv, apocynace.« (staff). 229

distinct, otherwise nerveless ; petiole very short or 0. Cymes subsessile,
few- to 1 -flowered, terminal or pseudo-axillary, more or less hairy;
bracts subulate; pedicels 2 lin. long. Calyx o lin. long, hairy ; sepals
lanceolate, subulate. Corolla pink ; infra-staminal part of the tube
3-3J lin. long with 5 hairy lines descending almost to the middle,
glabrous below, supra-staminal part wide funnel-shaped or tubular,
7 lin. long, with 5 villous lines inside ; throat-scales small, scarcely
decurrent, confluent and forming an obversely triangular pocket ; lobes
obovate, shortly acuminate, 6 lin. long. Anthers 2-'2h lin. long; apical
tails exserted. — Schweinf. & Volkens, Liste PI. Voy. Ghika-Comanesti
Somal. 9.

Wile Iiand. Somaliland : Berbera, Plai/fair, 3 ! " Djedaofnio." Miss EcUfh
Cole ! Darror, James Sf Thrupp ! and without precise locality, Mrs. Lort Philips.

5. A. Honghel, A. DC. in DC. Prod. viii. 412, not of Lindl. A
shrub, 6-10 ft. high, with a large trunk and soft-wooded stout branches,
glabrous except the inflorescence and tips of the branches, leafless when
in flower. Leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, narrowed
towards the base, 3-4 in. long, 8-10 lin. broad, glabrous ; secondary
nerves oblique; petiole 0 C^). Cymes much contracted, 2-10-flowered,
terminal, sessile, preceded by more or less numerous deciduous triangular
indurated bud-scales, hairy ; bracts lanceolate, 2-3 hn. long ; pedicels
very short. Calyx 3-4 lin.- long, hairy ; sepals lanceolate. Corolla
crimson ; infra-staminal part of the tube 4-5 lin. long with 5 hairy
lines descending almost to the middle, glabrous below, supra-staminal
part tubular or funnel-shaped, 9-12 lin. long, scantily villous within;
throat-scales obscure, almost wholly confluent and forming an obversely
triangular pocket ; lobes rotundate-ovate, 6-8 lin. long, very minutely
or not at all mucronate. Anthers 2-2^ lin. long ; apical tails more or
less exserted. Follicles 4-6 in. long. " Seeds 6 lin. long, coma 1 in.
long. — Hook. Niger. Fl. 450

Upper Guinea. Lower Seneeal region: Oualo; Lanipsar, Hoger, 133! Oualo
and Galam, Leprieur, Perrotet ! Niger Territory : Borgu ; near Wawa, Barter, 711 !

The plant figured by Lindley in Bot. Reg. xxxii. tab. 54 as A. Honghel is
A. arahicum, Balf. f., Bot. Socotra, 161.

6. A. multiflonim, A7o«2;scA in Peteo-s, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 279,
t. xliv. A shrub 4-8 ft. high, leafless when in flower ; branches succulent,
stout, glabrous except at the very tips when young. Leaves obovate to
oblong, subacute or obtuse, acute or subacuminate at the base, 2-3 in.
long, 9-15 lin. broad, subcoriaceous ; midrib rather thin ; nerves faint,
though usually distinct, very oblique ; petiole 1-2 lin. long. Cymes
much contracted, 5-15-flowered, terminal, sessile, preceded by more or
less numerous deciduous triangular indurated bud-scales, hairy ; bracts
lanceolate, 2-3 lin. long; pedicels up to 2 lin. long. Calyx 3-4 hn.
long, hairy ; sepals lanceolate. Corolla white or pink, conspicuously
cuspidate in bud ; infra-staminal part of the tube 3-4 hn. long, with
b hairy lines descending almost to the middle, glabrous below, supra-
staminal part funnel-shaped, villous within, 9-12 lin. long; throat-

2o0 Lxxxiv. APOCYNACE^ (stapf). [Adeniicm*

scales small, confluent and forming an obversely triangular pocket;
lobes broad ovate, shortly acuminate and conspicuously cuspidate.
Anthers :> lin. long, densely villous ; apical tails exserted. Follicles
reflexed, spindle-shaped, finely tomentose, 7 in. long. Seeds G lin.
long, coma 15 lin. long.

Mozamb. Uist. Portuguese East Africa; Lower Zambesi; Tete, Peters;
opposite .Sena, Kirk, 97 ! Sena Hill, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland :
between Matope and Livingstonia, Scott !

Probably also near Delagoa Bay and in the Transvaal.

43. PACHYPODIUM, Lindl. ; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. PI. ii. 722.

Calyx small, herbaceous, eglandular within ; sepals 5, ovate or lan-
ceolate. Corolla salver-shaped, with the cylindric tube widened below
the middle, constricted at the base, or funnel-shaped to campanulate
with a short cylindric basal tube, naked at the mouth ; lobes 5, twisted,
overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted above the constriction ;
filaments very short, flattened ; anthers conniving in a cone, included,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate or acute, sagittate ; appendages longer or
shorter than the polliniferous part ; tails sometimes very short : foot of
the connective channelled and glabrous above, with a tongue-shaped
projection and sometimes a brush-like cushion below, decurrent on the
filament and passing into the hairy filamental ridges. Disc cupulai-,
slightly .")-lobed or replaced by 2-5 distinct glands. Carpels 2, free ;
style filiform, short; stigma subcylindric with an annular rim or
membrane at the base, very obscurely and obtusely 2-lobed ; ovules
numerous, pluriseriate. Mericarps follicular, 2, erect or spreading,
elongate, spindle-shaped. Seeds oblong, with an apical coma ; endo-
sperm scanty ; cotyledons ovate-cordate, flat ; radicle short. — Succv.lent
shrubs, sometimes with a much swollen trunk. Leaves in spirals, sub-
sessile, stipulate ; stipules transformed into rigid spines or the leaves
suppressed with the exception of a terminal rosette, and the spinous
stipules crowded more or less irregularly on the swollen branches.
Cymes terminal, few- or many-flowered, sessile or peduncled; floweis
pink, white, or yellow.

Spccios 12, 1 in tropical Africa; 5 in South Africa, 6 in Madagascar.

1. P. Ijealiiy Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 43, t. xvi. A shrub,
10-15 ft. high, full of a watery, resinous and viscid juice, covered with
pairs of rigid spines. Trunk succulent, 2-3 ft. in circumference near
the base, grey, sparingly branched from the middle ; young branchlets
and spines purplish. Leaves in spirals, few, usually only near the tips
of the young branchlets, oblong-lanceolate, scarcely 1 lin. long, mem-
branous, with a strong midrib terminating in a subulate acumen, soon
deciduous; stipules spiny, 1-1 J in. long. Cymes many-flowered,
glabrous, up to 6-7 in. in diam, ; peduncle stout, of variable length ;
pedicels stout, 1 J-4 lin. long ; bracts scale-like, triangular, acute, soon
deciduous Calyx glabrous lJ-2 lin. long; sepals ovate, acuminate.

Pachypodium.'] lxxxiv. APOCYNACEiE (staff). 231

Corolla sweet-scented ; tube purple, cylindric, widened at the middle,
1|-1| in. long, hairy within below the stamens ; limb 2J-3 in. in diam.,
white inside, pink on the back ; lobes broad, obliquely ovate, the inner
margin crisp. Anthers 41-5 lin. long. Disc cupular, slightly 5-lobed.
Follicles spreading at a right angle when mature, spindle-shaped, com-
pressed, 3-5 in. long, glabrous. Seeds obovoid, compressed, 3J lin. long,
coma 2-3 times as long. — Hiern in Cat Afr. PI. Welw. i. 676.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Bumbo ; in dry rocky thickets between Quitibe de
Baixo and Quitibe de Cima, common, 1500 ft., Welwitsch, 1510 ! between Umpupe
and Palmfontein, 2900 ft., Bau7n, 21 !

Order LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE^. (By N. E. Brown.)

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx of 5 free sepals or rarely
5-lobed; segments imbricate, usually with minute processes at their
base within. Corolla hypogynous, gamopetalous, regular, 5-lobed, re-
flexed, rotate, campanulate, infundibuliform, hypocrateriform, urceo-
late, or tubular; lobes imbricate, contorted, or valvate in aestivation,
often recurved or connate at their tips ; tube within or at its mouth
.sometimes furnished with variously shaped lobules, flaps, keels, or pro-
cesses, which are distinct or connate and usually alternate with the
corolla-lobes, forming part or the whole of the corona. Stamens 5,
inserted at or near the bottom or rarely at the middle or mouth of the
corolla-tube, alternating with the corolla-lobes; filaments sometimes
free, but more usually connate into a tube around the ovary (forming,
with the anthers and their terminal appendages, the staminal column)^
with the apex of the tube often united to the dilated part of the style ;
anthers not connate with each other, free or united to the dilated part
of the style, 2-celled, dehiscing by apical, longitudinal, or transverse
slits ; margins of the anthers or their basal prolongations below the
pollen-cells more or less horny and wing-like (the anther-iuings), usually
projecting outwards, the adjacent wings of each pair of anthers nearly
meeting and forming between them very narrow fissures leading to the
stigmatic cavities ; connectives of the anthers often produced into
membranous (or rarely fleshy or inflated) terminal appendages, or
apiculate or unappendaged ; appendages sometimes connate. Staminal-
column usually furnished with variously shaped free or more or less
connate appendages, which often have keels or.processes on their inner
face and are disposed in 1-3 series, forming the corona or part of it.
Pollen-contents of each anther-cell granular or united into one or two
waxy masses formed of an indefinite number of pollen -grains, and
attached in pairs or in fours, sometimes directly, but more usually by
means of arm-like processes (the caudicles), to each of the 5 small or
minute, horny or rarely soft, turgid or bilobed bodies (the pollen-
caiTiers), which rest, one on each of the 5 angles of the dilated part of
the style, the whole forming the pollinia, the masses attached to each
pollen-carrier always being derived from the cells of two diflerent but

21)2 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE.E (bROWN).

adjacent anthers ; when granular, each granule is formed of 4 pollen-
grains united together, and, on the dehiscence of the anthers, the whole
is loosely contained in the horny, spoon- trumpet- or trowel-shaped or
bifid pollen-carriers. Pistil superior, formed of 2, 1 -celled, many-
ovuled (very rarely 1-ovuled) carpels, free below, but with their styles
united above and dilated into a pentagonal disk, which is flat or
depressed, with or without a small, central, simple or bilobed apiculus,
or convex or pyramidal or prolonged into a short or long beak of
variable form (termed the apical part of the style in the following
descriptions), which is entire, bilobed, bifid, or dilated at the apex, or
rarely there arises from the disk 2, 5 or 7 style-like processes. On the
angles of the dilated part of the style are seated the pollen-carriers,
and immediately beneath them behind the fissures between the anther-
wings are the 5 stigmatic cavities. Ovules numerous or very rarely few
or solitary, anatropous, pendulous, imbricate in several series on the
projecting placenta. Fruit of two parallel or divaricate follicles, or by
abortion of one follicle, variable in form, smooth, echinate or winged,
dehiscing by the ventral suture and usually liberating the placenta.
Seeds usually numerous, very rarely few or solitary, imbricate, flat or
cochleate usually with a broad or narrow margin, crowned with a tuft
of long silky hairs or rarely densely fringed all round with them, very
rarely without a tuft of hairs at one end ; testa rather thick or sub-
crustaceous ; albumen thin or none ; embryo straight, nearly or quite
filling the seed ; cotyledons flat ; radicle superior. — Herbs or shrubs
often with a tuberous rootstock or fleshy roots. Juice milky or
watery. Stems simple or branched, often twining, sometimes succulent
and leafless, with terete or angular branches, which are often toothed
or spiny at the angles. Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate,
thin or fleshy. Flowers very variable in size and form, solitary or
few or many together, in umbels, umbel-like cymes, fascicles, or
racemes, axillary, lateral betw^een the bases of the leaves, or terminal.

A large Order of over 1800 species widely spread throughout the Tropical and
Subtropical regions of the earth, a few in the Temperate regions.

This Order is well marked by the peculiar structure of its pollen apparatus,
coronal appendages and stigma, but in other characters it is similar to Apocynacece.
In having the pollen contents of each anther-cell combined into a waxy mass and
united by caudicles in pairs to the pollen-carriers, it is unique among Dicotyledonous
orders, and in this character resembles the Orchidece among Monocotyledons.
The stigmas are also very remarkable, not only are there 5 stigmas or rather
stigmatic points, whiUt there are only 2 carpels, but they are completely hidden
from view behind the anther-wings and can only be seen by careful dissection or by
making transverse sections of the dilated part of the style ; the only openings to the
stigmas are the 5 nari'ow fissures formed by the contiguous anther-wings (the rigid
horny margins of the anthers). No other Order has a similar structure, a detailed
account of which and of the manner of fertilisation will be found in the Trans-,
actions of the Linnean Society, ser. 2, Bot. ii. 75 and 173, tt. 16, 24-26.

The Order is of no great importance economically, many species are poisonous,
some are medicinal and the tubers of several are greedily eaten by the natives, as are
likewise the fleshy stems of the tribe StapeliecB. Several species have tough fibres
thit might be of economic use. The Asclepiadecs are a very difficult group to

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE-ffi (bROWN). 233

study, but they may be conveniently divided into primary groups in accordance
with the character of the pollen, which it is always necessary to examine before any
generic identification of an unknown plant of this Order can be made. The pollen
is of 4 distinct types, as follows : — 1. Granular and loosely contained in the more or
less spathulate or bifid pollen-carriers, not attached to the latter ; this type
characterises the tribe Periplocece. 2. United into very minute waxy masses,
4 or 2 of which are sessile upon a very minute quadrate, pale-coloured pollen-
carrier; this type characterises the tribe Secamonece. 3. United into waxy masses,
which are opaque without a pellucid margin, usually not very minute, and are
attached in pairs by caudicles to the dark-coloured pollen-carriers ; to this type
belong the tribes Ct/nanchece with pendulous pollen-masses, and MarsdeniecB with
erect or horizontal pollen-masses. 4. United into waxy masses which are pellucid
on one margin or at the apex, and attached in pairs by caudicles to the pollen-
carriers; to this type the tribes CeropegiecB and StapeliecB belong.

In the following descriptions, the dimensions of the dried flowers I have ex-
amined are always taken after having boiled them jn water and will thus often he
found to considerably exceed similar measurements made of them in a dried state,
thus more nearly approaching the dimensions of the living flowers.. Owing to their
fleshy nature, the coronal-lobes, when subjected to much pressure, often have their
original form quite altered if not totally destroyed ; this has led to much discrepancy
in various descriptions of the same plant. In preparing the following descriptions
I have therefore always selected flowers for examination (usually 3 or 4 from eacli
specimen when the material was sufficient,) that were saved from undue pressure by
their proximity to the stem or other thick parts, such flowers always giving a better
and more correct idea of the form of the coronal-lobes when alive than do flowei's
that have been badly pressed. In the measurements given, the length of the
coronal-lobes is always intended to include any horn or other appendages they may
have, unless otherwise expressed or wlien such appendages are horizontal or reflexed.
The term " conoid," applied to the apical part of the style in some of the following
descriptions, is used in the same sense as oricjinally employed by Schott to describe
the appendix of the spadix of many Aroids, where that organ is much elongated and
slightly tapers from or near the base to an obtuse apex.

Tribe. I. Periploceee. — Filaments of the stamens free {see also Xysma-
lobium barbigerum). Anthers triangular or oblong, their connectives produced
beyond the cells into short terminal points {apiculate), or into small dilated, mem-
branous or somewhat fleshy appendages, connivent over the apex of the style and
frequently connate at their tips. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell of numerous
loose granules, each granule formed of 4^* pollen-grains united in tetrads. Pollen-
carriers spathulate, trumpet-shaped, or trowel-shaped, sometimes bipartite, horny,
furnished with an adhesive gland at their base, not attached to the follen-grains,
iut holding them loosely in their concave upper part.
Coronal-lobes none; flowers small, in dicliotomous or

trichotomous cymes 8. Baseonema.

Coronal-lobes very minute, entirely adnate to the
staminal-filaments, easily overlooked ; flowers very
small, crowded in small long-peduncled clusters . 1. Gymnol.ema.
Corona indistinct, annular, with 5 very short lobules
adnate to the base of the staminal-filaments;
flowers moderately large in long lax panicles . 4. Batesanthus.

Coronal-lobes 5, distinct, entire, or 2-10-fid, entirely
free or only adnate just at their base to the
staminal-filaments, alternating with the corolla-
lobes.

234 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE^ (bROWN).

Corolla always with a distinct campanulate or cylin-
dric tube, but the flowers are sometimes very
small and the tube short.
Coronal-lobes arising from the corolla-tube clearly
above the insertion of the stamens below
the middle or at the base of the corolla-
tube.
Coronal-lobes arising at or a little above the
middle of the corolla-tube ; erector twining
shrubs. (See also Tacazzea rosmarinifolia.) 2. Cetptolepis.
Coronal-lobes arising in the sinuses at the mouth

of the corolla-tube ; erect or twining shrub 3. Stomatostemma^
Coronal-lobes arising at the insertion of the
stamens above the middle or at the top of the
corolla-tube ; herbs with a tuberous rootstock,

dwarf; rarely twining 10. Kaphionacme.

Corolla lobed nearly to the liase; tube reduced to a
mere ring; coronal-lobes arising from the
corolla at the insertion of the stamens and often
adnate to them at the base ; stems long, twining
or straight, usually woody. (See also RapJdo-
nacme linearis, and R. splendens, which have
a very reduced corolla-tube, but are dwarf
herbs.)
Coronal-lobes short and very broad, with or with-
out a dorsal process ; stipules distinct, toothed

or frill-like 5. Chloeocodox.

Coronal-lobes long, filiform, subulate, linear or
linear-lanceolate, s^imple or divided above into
2-3 filiform segments; stipules (except in
Tacazzea Jloribunda) none, or represented by
a mere line connecting the bases of the petioles.
Anthers glabrous ...... 9. Tacazzea.

Anthers more or less hairy ' . . . .7. Peeiploca.

Corona double, radiating ; outer lobes obtusely trigonous ;
inner lobes obovate-oblong, boat-shaped, obcordate
at the apex 6. Omphalogonfs.

Teibe it. Secamoneae. — Filaments of the stamens connate into a tube, and
adnate at the top to the dilated part of the style. Anthers erect or ascending,,
with more or less fimbriated appendages. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell
consisting of two distinct but exceedingly minute waxy masses, or the two masses
more or less combined into one., attached in fours or in pairs to each of the pollen-
carriers ; when apparently in pairs the seemingly single pollen-mass is sometimes
more or less separable into two. Pollen-carriers minute, subquadrate, rather soft,
pale in colour.

Coronal-lobes laterally flattened or subulate; pollen-
masses distinctly 4 to each pollen-carrier . .11. Secamone.
Coronal-lobes dorsally flattened ; pollen-masses appa-
rently 2 to each pollen-carrier, but each ma«s
sometimes separable into two . . . . 12. Toxocaepus.

Teibe III. Cynanchese. — Stamens with the filament-part when present cou'
nate into a tube, sometimes very short and ring-like {filaments free in Xysma-
lubium barbigerum); anthers adnate to the dilated part of the style, with

%

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEiE (bROWN). 235

a membranous appendage. PoUen-contents of each anther-cell united into one
waxv mass. Pollen-masses opaque, without a pellucid margin, attached m pairs to
each of the pollen-carriers hy short or long caudicles, from which they are
pendJous in the anther-cells. Pollen-carriers turgid, rarely fattened, with a
dorsal suture, hard and horny, varying from reddish-brown to black.
Corona very small and inconspicuous, arising from the
filament-part of the staminal-column, easily over-
looked and may be thought to be absent.
Apex of the style produced into a beak much beyond
the anthers.
Corona of 5 minute teeth or lobes alternating with

the subsessile anthers at their base . . 13. Microstephakus.

Corona of 5 minute fleshy tubercles opposite the
anthers, near the middle of the shoit filament
part of the staminal column . • .14. PoDObTELMA.

Apex of the style not produced beyond the anthers,
corona of 5 fleshy tubercles. (See also Tylo-
vhora and Xiismalobium Holubii, and X. de-
^ . . ^ .32. Tylopuokopsis.

cipiens) . . .

Corona distinct, in 1 or 2 series.

Corona of 5 free lobes arising from the corolla-tube,
none on the staminal-column, but sometimes
in^^erted on the corolla just above its base . . 15. GLOSSO>EilA.

Corona simple or double, arising from the sfammal-
column or at its very base in the angle where the
column and corolla unite.
Covona double, i.e. in two series.

Outer corona annular or cup-shaped, often pen-
tagonal, truncate, shortly lobed or denticu-
late.
Leafless flesliv twiners or bushes; inner

coronal-lobes not spurred at the base . 26. Sarcostemma.
Leafy twiners ; inner coronal-lobes spurred at
the base . • • • '

Outer corona flattened out and adpressed to the
base of the corolla, obscurely lobulate;
inner coronal-lobes oblong, refracted and ^^^^.g^j^^^

accumbent on the outer corona . • • 28- DiPLOSTlGilA.

Corona in one series, no outer corona, but often
furnished with appendages on the inner face
of the lobes or tube formed by their union.
Coronal-lobes connate into a tube or cup, at least
at their base, 5- or 10-lobed or toothed at
the top and sometimes with minute teeth
between the principal teeth, with or with-
out a tooth, lobe, thickening or keels within
in front of the 5 principal lobes or teeth.
Corona with the 5 principal teeth or lobes
alternating with the corolla-lobes, often
furnished with appendages or keels ^^ ^^^^^^^^^,^
within . . • ,' , i 1 u *

Corona with its 5 deeply concave-hooded lobes ,^^^^,,,,,.

opposite the corolla-lobes . . • «5^- -^

Corona of 5 distinct lobes usually quite free,
occasionally confluent at the base, but

286 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEiE (bROWN).

never connate into a tube, sometimes having
5 minute teeth (which are often concealed
under the anther- wings,) alternating with
them at their base.
Coronal-lobes opposite to the corolla-lobes and

connivent in a cup 29. Peosopostelma

(and Cynanchum
schist oglossum).
Coronal -lobes alternating with the corolla-
lobes and opposite to the anthers, free to
their base or partly or entirely adnate to
tlie staminal-column.
Stem twining.

Corolla saucer-shaped, not lobed to more

than half-way down; coronal lobes

erect, lanceolate-attenuate, gibbous

at the base . . . . . 25. Oxystelma.

Corolla not saucer-shaped, lobed to much

more than half-way down.

Coronal-lobes dorsally flattened, usually

thin, with or without keels,

thickenings or appendages on their

inner face 30. Cynanchum.

Coronal-lobes laterally flattened, ad-
nate to the backs of the anthers,
with free tips .... 24. Pentatropis.
Coronal-lobes obconic, trumpet- or
slipper-shaped, truncate or rounded
at the apex, with a short inflexed
horn on the inner side . .23. Pentaehinum.

Stem not twining.

Flowers in racemes, small corymbs, or
densely spirally arranged around
the terminal part of the peduncle,
which elongates as the flowers
successively develop.
Coronal-lobes dorsally flattened, thin . 30. Cynanchtjm.
Coronal-lobes not dorsally flattened,
thick and fleshy, beaked or bifid
at the apex . . . .17. Kanahia.
Flowers strictly umbellate, all arising
from the same point.
Coronal-lobes laterally flattened, with

an upcurved spur at the base. . 16. Caloteopis.
Coronal-lobes not spurred at the base.
Coronal-lobes usually long, spreading
at the base then incurved over
the staminal-column, often
dilated at the apical part, flat,
with or without a pair of con-
tiguous erect flat lobes or keels
on the basal part, sometimes
reduced to the basal part with
its contiguous lobes, without
the terminal part, but then

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEiE (bROWN). 237

always radiately spreading;

staminal column subsessile,

with very broad rigid anther-
wings forming a broad truncate

cone 22. Pachycaepfs.

Coronal-lobes laterally flattened or

at least measuring as much

from front to back as they do

in breadth, cucullate or com-
plicate or channelled down the

face or with the margins in-

ttexed and forming a tooth at

the apex middle or base on

each side, with or without a

horn or other appendage within

the cavity; staminal-column

subsessile or stipitate, usually

barrel -shaped . . .21. Asclepias.

Coronal-lobes fleshy, solid, very

thick, with or without keels or

teeth on the iuner face, or, if

dorsally flattened, then with

only 1 rather stout median

keel, but no horn or tongue-
like process on their inner face

and not produced into a long

horn-like point at their apex . 18. XYSStALOBnTJl.
Coronal-lobes dorsally flattened or

if concave or with incurved

margins then always broader

than they measure from front

to back, rather thin, often

with a terminal horn, usually

with 2 parallel keels (never

with 1 only,) and with or

without 1 or more horns or

appendages on the inner face . 19. ScHizoGLOSSUM.
Coronal-lobes petal-like, coloured,

complicate and claw-like at the

basal part, which bears 2-3

teeth, expanded above into a

flat petaloid blade . . .20. Margaeetta.

Teibb IV. Marsdenleae. — Stamens with filaments connate into a tube;
antheirs erect or incumbent on the top of the style and adnate to its dilated part
at their base, loith a membranous fiat or inflated appendage. Pollen-contents of
each anfher-cell united into one waxy mass. Pollen-masses opaque, without a
pellucid margin, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by long or short caudicles,
erect or ascending or horizontal when in the anther-cells, or the caudicles attached
to their middle, but never entirely pendulous, sometimes very minute and the
caudicles extremely slender. Pollen-carriers hard and horny^ with a dorsal
suture, dark-coloured or rarely pale.

*Corona of 5 distinct fleshy lobes or 5 pairs of ridges
arising from and adnate to the corolla-tube, none

238 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE.E (bROWN).

on the stamiiial- column or occasionally an incon-
spicuous ring at its base . . , . . 37. (Ivhnema.
**Corolla double, in two tli>tinct sories.

Outer corona of 5 distinct lobes or of a membranous
ring, inserted at the sinuses of the corolla, inner
corona of 5 distinct lobes on the staminal-
column opposite the anthers . . . 38. Anisoptjs.

Outer corona of 5 fleshy lobes united in a ring at
their base, inserted at the base of the corolla
opposite the corolla-lobes and close to the
fleshy annular inner corona on the staminal-

column 34. Oxcostemma.

***Corona simple ; lobes in one series, but sometimes

with appendages on their inner face, opposite the

antliers, free or connate into a tuDe, arising from

the staminal-column or in the angle formed by

the union of the staminal-column with the corolla.

Corolla tubular, toothed, with 5-10 teeth within in

front of or alternating with the principal teeth;

anthers with large inflated appendages . . 41. Fockea,

Corona annular, thick, crenate, surrounding the

short staminal-column under tlie anthers . 35. Nanostelma.

Corona of 5 distinct lobes or tubercles.

Coronal-lobes tubercle-lil^e and entirely ndnate to
the staminal-column or radiating from its
base, or, in Sphcerocodon melananthus ^ of 5
incurved-erect teeth on tlie middle of the
filamental part of tlie stammal-column.
Flowers in simple umbels or umbel-like cymes;

stems erect 36. Sph.t:rocodon.

Flowers in umbel-like clusters scattered along
the axis of a simple or branched inflo-
rescence, rarelv sessile at the nodes ;
stems twining except in T. orthocaulis.
(See also Tylophoropds, which differs in
having the pollen-masses pendulous from
horizontal caudicles) . . . .33. TiLOrHOEA.

Coronal-lobes with their basal part adnate to the
staminal-column shortly free above and ad-
pressed to the backs of the anthers, rarely
entirely free, not tubercle-bke, or if tubercu-
lar at the base, then with a free erect point.
Corolla-tube more or less inflated at the base ;
coronal-lobes with a process on the inner
face of their free apical part . . .40 Pergvlaeia.

Corolla rotate or with a campanulate, globose-
campanulate or urceolate tube ; coronal-
lobes without a process on the inner face
of their free apical part . . . .39. Maesdenia.

Teibe V. Ceropegrieae. — Stamens with their filaments connate into a t^de
and adnate at the top to the dilated part of the style. Anthers erect or incumbent
on the top of the style, with or without an apiculus or a short terminal appendage.
Pollen-contents of each anther-cell united into one waxy mass. Folloi-masses
pellucid along the inner margin or at the apex, attached in pairs to the pollen-

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE^ (bROWn). 239

carriers hy short caudicles, erect^ ascending, or horizontal in the anther-cells, never
pendulous. Pollen-carriers sometimes with a wing-like expansion on each side
horny, hard, dark-coloured. Stems herbaceous or fleshy, often twining, with toell-
developed leaves, rarely leafless and then without distinct angles.

N.B. Possibly Oncostemma and Nanostelma may belong to this tribe, but tlie
pollen-masses are not described and I have not seen specimens of them.

Corolla-tube usually elongated and more or less inflated

at the base, or if short, then distinctly longer than

broad and rather narrow, never broadly cam-

pauulate.

Coronaof Serect /^-shaped lobes adnate to thestaminal-

coluran, with free margins .... 43. Ortiianthera.
Corona double ; the outer cup-shaped, entire or 5-10-
toothed, or of 5 bifid or bipartite la*bes more or
less adnate to the inner coronal-lobes and often
appearing to form one series witli them, or re-
duced to minute pouches alternating with the
stamens; inner corona of 5 lobes opposite the
anthers.
Flowers sometimes solitary, but usually 2 to many
in sessile or pedunculate fascicles or simple
umbel-like cymes at the nodes or terminal,
rarely simply racemose along the peduncle or
with the peduncle bearing 2-3 few-flowered
fascicles scattered along it, and then with the
pedicels not more than \-^ in. long . . 44. Ceropegia.

Flowers in 2 to several fascicles scattered along
a simple peduncle or along the branches of a
cymose panicle j pedicels very slender, more

than ^ in. long 45. Riocreuxia.

Corolla-tube short and not longer than broad, or none,
and the corolla rotate or saucer-shaped.
Corona of 5 small lobes with hairy tips, inserted
on the corolla at the sinuses between the lobes,
and sometimes with an inconsjiicuous fleshy
ring at the base of the staminal-column . . 42. Leptadema.

Corona double, entirely arising from the staminal-
column, none on the corolla.
Flowers in pairs in a terminal raceme or lax panicle 47. Texaris.
Flowers 1-4 at the nodes or many in a terminal

umbel . 46. Brachystelma.

Tribe VI. Stapeliese. — Pollen-masses and other characters as in Cero-
pegieffi, but differing as follo.ws. Stems thick and fleshy, 3- to many-angled,
usually dwarf, erect or procumbent, tuberculate-tessellate, or toothed along the
anglea, leafless or the teeth tipped xvith rudimentary or small subulate fleshy
leaves, or the tubercles or teeth bearing stout conical or spine-like or slender
bristles. Flowers fleshy. Corona arising from the staminal-column, none on the
•corolla.

Stems cylindric, tessellately several-angled, not spiny or

bristly 48. Echidnopsis.

Stems not tessellate, of ten spiny-toothed or with bristle-
like tips to the tubercles.

240 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEiE (bROWN).

Limb of the corolla nearly entire, with 5 subulate
points, the lobes being almost obsolete ; stems
with numerous angles formed of tubercles tipped
with stout spine-like bristles . . . .51. Hoodia.

Limb of the corolla distinctly and often deeply 5-
lobed.
Stems thick, the numerous angles formed of con-
fluent tubercles tipped with a simple bristle,
or rarely very blunt and pointless; corolla

small, rotate or sub-campanulate . . .50. Teichocaflox.

Stems 6-12-angled ; tubercles of the angles tipped
with three biistles, the two side ones dc-
flexed ; corolla large, tubular-funnel-shaped . 53. Tovaresia.
Stems 4-6-angled.

Corolla with the base of the sinuses between the

lobes produced into small triangular teeth . 54. HrERNiA.
Corolla without teeth in the sinuses between the
lobes.
Outer corona cup-shaped or annular and
entire or variously toothed, or of 5 small
pouches alternating witli the anthers,
or of 5 more or less deeply bifid lobes
which have their margins more or less
adnate to the basal part of the inner
coronal -lobes or are nearly free.
Corolla 3-5 in. in diam., with a very small
tube ; tips of inner coronal-lobes
dilated, inflexed . . . .52. Edithcolea.

Corolla usually under 1 in. rarely 1^-3
in. in diam. ; tips of inner coronal-
lobes not dilated . . . .49. Caralluma.
Outer corona of 5 spreading lobes free to their
base, entire, emarginate, or 2-4-toothed
at the apex ; corolla star-like, usually
but not always without a distinct tube . 56. Stapelia.
Outer corona in one piece, disk-like, pen-
tagonal, resting on the raised rim of the
disk of the corolla and closing the
spurious tube formed by it ; inner
coronal-lobes rhomboidal-ovoid ; corol'.a-
lobes more or less folded lengthwise, and
often into narrow vertical plates . . 57. DuvALiA.

Outer corona absent ; inner coronal-lobes very
stout, 4-angled in cross-section in the
lower part, adnate to the ataminal-
column for half their length . . 55. Hueeniopsis*

t

•Gi/m'iwlfnna.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). -41

]. GYMNOLJSMA, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 710.

Calyx minute, 5-partite. Corolla very small, carapanulate, Tj-lobed
to below the middle ; lobes overlapping to the left in bud. Corona of '»
minute quadrate lobes, entirely adnate to the filaments of the stamens
except a very narrow margin at the apex. Stamens arising at the
mouth of the short corolla-tube ; filaments short, free ; anthers ovate-
obtong, apiculate, connivent over the very shortly conical apex of the
style, and united to the dilated part of it at their base. Pollen granu-
lar. Follicles narrowly lanceolate-fusiform, acuminate, smooth. Seeds
crowned with a tuft of hairs. — A shrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers
very small, crowded in small long-peduncled congested corymbs or
heads, which are composed of sev^eral very small spike-like cymules.
3facropelma, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. o21. Sackfu-ia, liaill.
Hist. PI. X. 2()b; and see Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ]X9><, r»").

Species 1, endemic.

Allied to Ciyptolejns, but differing' in liaving the very minute eoroniil-loUcs
adnate to the filaments of the stamens: they were overlooked by Bentham, and arc
not represented in the figure of the }»laiit.

1. G. Newii, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. 74, t. 1 186. A woody shrub
or climber (?) with a reddish bark, pubescent in the young parts. Leaves
subsessile or very shortly petiolate, 2J-8J in. long, 4-10 lin. broad,
varying from linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, minutely
velvety on both sides. Peduncles axillary, solitary, slender, 1-51 in.
long, pubescent, bearing a small congested head of several small sessile
several-flowered cymules, that gradually elongate into little spikes 1-2
lin. long; bracts |-| lin. long, ovate, acute, pubescent, deciduous;
pedicels 1-1 1 lin. long, elongating to 2-2 J lin. long when in fruit.
Corolla about 1 J lin. in diam., glabrous ; tube J- J lin. long ; lobes |-1 lin.
long, rather more than J lin. broad, ovate, acute. Coronal-lobes alx)ut
4 lin. long, J lin. broad, "transversely oblong, broader than the staminal
filaments and entirely adnate to them, truncate at the apex and form-
ing a transverse ridge at the base of the anthers. Follicles \\ in. long,
2-2J lin. thick, puberulous. Seeds 8 lin. long, |-1 lin. broad, narrowly
ovate-lanceolate, flattish. — K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 32(».
Gymnolaima Newii, K. Schum. in Engl. &l Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
211. Sacleuxia salicina, Baill. Hist. PI. x. 205 ; K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xxiii. 232; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 221'..
Macropelma angustifolium, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C, 321 ;
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 218, fig. 63, F, G ; and in Engl.
Jahrb. xxiii. 282.

Nile I.and. Britisli East Africa : Kikunibuliu, 2500-3000 ft., Scuff -£11 iof,
6149 ! Maungu, Scott-Mliot, 6162 !

Mozamb. Dlst. Zanzibar, ex BaiUon. Clennan East Africa : Kilimanjar«».
New I Merue, Fischer, 383 (ex K. Schumann).

242 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [CryptoUpis,

1. CRYPTOLEPIS, K. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 740.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube campannlate ; lobes overlapping and
more or less twisted to the left when in bud, at each angle between
them, within, is a minute pocket-like flap (sinus-pocket), which is some-
times a direct continuation of the margin of one lobe adnate to the
inner face of the adjacent lobe between its margin and mid-line, and
sometimes arises from the inner face of both lobes near their margins,
but quite distinct from the latter, truncate or produced into a tooth or
filiform process, in the latter case resembling a second coronal- whorl.
Corona of 5 filiform or fleshy lobes or processes arising from about the
middle of the corolla-tube some distance above the insertion of th&
stamens, but sometimes decurrent down to the latter, alternating with
the corolla-lobes. Stamens inserted towards the base of the corolla-
tube ; filaments free ; anthers more or less triangular, with the connec-
tive produced into a fleshy apiculus, united at their base to the dilated
part of the style, more or less connivent in a cone. Pollen granular.
Pollen-carrier more or less spathulate. Style shortly conical at the
apex, shorter than the anthers. Follicles linear -terete or ovate, smooth.
Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Erect or twining shrubs. Leaves
opposite or whorled, rarely subfasiculate on the short flowering shoots.
Flowers small or of moderate size, arranged in axillary, sublateral, or
terminal cymes, or rarely subsolitary. Curroria, Planch, ex Benth. in
Hook. Niger Fl. 457. Ectadiopsis, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
PL ii.*741.

Species several ; the genus extends from Cashmere through the tropics of the
Old World to Madagascar and Natal,

The sinus-pockets should perhaps be regarded as belonging to the corona.

Leaves of the short lateral flowering shoots crowded,

subf asciculate, linear-spathulate ; flowers solitary . 1. C. decidua.
Leaves all opposite or in whorls of 3, rarely alternate,
pairs or whorls distant; flowers in 2 (o many-
flowered cymes or panicles. (In IQ, C.suffruticosa
they are sometimes solitai-y).
Leaves cordate and stem-clasping at the base, 2^-4 in.

broad 2. C. liypoglauca,.

Leaves acute or rounded at the base, usually less tlia-n
2 iti. broad.
Leaves oblong, emarginate or subtrnncate at the

apex, mucronate . . . . . . 6. C, obfusa.

Leaves usually acute or acuminate, sometimes
obtuse at the apex.
*Corolla-lobes 3-6 lin. long.

Cymes lax, several-flowered, with branches

3-4 in. long ; coronal-lobes ovate , . 3. C. apiculaia.

Cymes lax, 3-7-flovvered, with branches ^-1 in.

long ; coronal-lobes triangular, acute . 4. C. triangularis.

Cryptolejjis.']

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEiE ( BROWN ]

243

8.

Cymes lax, 2-3-flo\vered ; coronal-lobes,

subulate ...... 5

Cymes compact, 7-15-flo\vere(l, with branches
l-2 1in. lon^; coronal-lobes clavate
**Corolla-lobes 1-2 lin. long.

Corolla pubescent within at the base of the
lobes and in the throat of the tube.
(N.B. — The hairs are not visible wlicu
wet).
Cymes obconic, flat-topped; corolla shortly
pointed in bud.
Leaves linear ; corolla-lobes \ lin. broad.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ;
corolla-lobes f-1 lin. broad
Cymes dense, rounded or subglobose ; corolla
very obtuse in bud
Corolla glabi'ous within.

Flowers 20 or more in a cyme, rather
congested.
Leaves 3-nerved at the base ; sinus-
pockets ti'uncate, entire or denti-
culate .....

Leaves not 3-nerved at the base ; sinns-
pockets pi-oduced into long fili-
form processes ....

Flowers 3-16 in a cyme, not con-
gested.
Leaves lanceolate to elliptic-oblong,
2-5 times as long as broad.
Corolla acute or acuminate in bud,

its lobes f-^ lin. broad .
Corolla obtuse in bud, its lobes
1-1| lin. broad
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate 4r,-
12 times as long as broad .
Flowers solitary or in 2-flowercd
cymes .....

C. microphylla.
C. jirodttcfft.

10.

11.

12.

13.

U.

15.

16.

C. Rensii.
C. Baumii.
C. Brazzcei.

C. JVelwitschii.
C. angolensis.

C. ohlongifulia.
C. JSlliotii.
C. nifjritana.
C. suffruticosa.

1. C. decidua, X. E. Br. A shrub with straight slender
branches, having a pale grey (glaucous ?) bark and rather distant
nodes, from which arise short, and proportionately stout lateral shoots
\-\ in. long, bearing leaves and flowers. Leaves subfasciculate on the
lateral shoots, f-1 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad, linear or linear-spathulate,
obtuse or subacute, gradually narrowing to the base, subsessile,
glabrous. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves, one or two (or
more ?) in each tuft of leaves ; pedicels 3-7 J lin. long, bracteate at
about the middle, slender, glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long, lanceolate,
acuminate. Corolla-tube campanulate, 1 lin. long ; lobes lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate, 3 lin. long, twisted in the bud, glabrous. Coronal -
lobes arising from the middle of the corolla-tube, li-2 lin. long, filiform
or subulate. Anthers connivent, acuminate. Style shorter than the
anthers, conical at the apex.— CitrroWrt decidua, Planch, ex Benth. in

^44 Lxxxv. ASCLEPIADE.E (brown). [Cri/ptolepis.

Hook. Niger Fl. 457 ; Engler in Engl. Jahrb. x. 244 ; xix. 148 ; K.
Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219 ; Walp. Ann. iii. 01).

Ijower Guinea. Anfjola, Curror ! Hererolaiul : near Salem, 1800 ft., Marloth,
1455 (ex Engler), near ISorissoris, Guricli, 50 (ex Engler).

Tlie primary leaves of the main brandies are not present upon the speeimens 1
have seen, and they are undescribed.

2. C. hypoglauca, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 320. A
large woody climber with glabrous stems. Leaves distant, sessile,
•».l-r) in. long, 2|-4 in. broad, and probably larger, oblong, elliptic-
oblong or elliptic-obovate, very broadly rounded with a reflexed short
cuspidate point at the apex, cordate and stem-clasping at the base,
quite glabrous, glaucous beneath. Panicles lateral at the nodes, few-
branched and few-flowered, 5 in. or more long, including the o in. long
peduncle, quite glabrous in all parts; bracts ^— | lin. long, ovate,
iicute; pedicels 1-1 J lin. long, stout. Sepals IJ lin. long, ovate-
oblong, acute. Corolla-tube 1| lin. long, funnel-shaped ; lobes 3 lin.
long, ovate, rather abruptly narrowed into a linear, obtuse, spirally
twisted point, glabrous ; sinus-pockets minute, truncate, not ciliate.
Coronal-lobes inserted just above the middle of the corolla-tube, their
tips not reaching to the sinuses, rhomboidal-ovoid, thick and fleshy,
obtusely pointed, connivent over the staminal-column. Anthers
triangular-acuminaA;e, connivent over the short conical apex of the
style. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219.

XHozamb. Sist.' German East Africa : Usambara ; Amboni, Hoist, 2728 !

;>. C. apiculata, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 320. Stem
twining, glabrous, light brown, with many pale lenticels. Leaves
spreading, glabrous; petiole |-|- in. long ; blade 2J-4J in. long, 1^-2^
in. broad, oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly and abruptly acute,
cuneately rounded or acute at the base, narrowly revolute at the
margin, whitish beneath. Peduncles 1-1 J in. long. Cymes once or
twice dichotomously branched ; branches 3-4 in. long, ^ lin. thick,
racemosely many-flowered, with internodes \-h in. long, glabrous ;
bracts ^-1 lin. long, ovate, acute, glabrous ; pedicels J in. long,
moderately stout, glabrous. Sepals 1^-1 f lin. long, oblong, obtuse,
glabrous. Corolla quite glabrous; tube l|-2 lin. long, campanulate ;
lobes 5 lin. long, ^ lin. broad, lanceolate-linear, tapering to a point,
spirally twisted ; sinus-pockets truncate, not ciliate. Coronal-lobes
h lin. long, arising from the middle of the corolla-tube and just reaching
to the sinuses, rhomboid-ovate, acute, thick and fleshy. Anthers
triangular, very acute, connivent over the conical acute apex of the
style. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219.

IWozamb. 3>i8t> German East Africa : Usambai-a ; Am1)oni, Hoist, 2564 !

Very closely allied to C. caj^ensis, Schlecliter, a native of Xatal, bnt differing
from that species in its stouter cyme-branches, shorter corolla-tube, and in the,
coronal-lobes i caching to the top of the tube.

Cnjptolejns.] Lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). :>45

4. C. triangularis, X. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 02. A
glabrous climber, with blood-red resinous juice. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 2-4: lin. long; blade 1-:J in. long, ;,-l^ in. broad, elliptic or
elliptic-oblong, acuminate at the apex, acute or rounded at the base,
deep green, not shining above, yellowish-green beneath, with the lateral
veins slightly but distinctly prominent. Cymes terminal on short
lateral shoots, dichotomus or trichotomus, laxly 3-7-tlowered, with
branches ^-1 in. long ; bracts ]l-2 lin. long, ovate, obtuse ; pedicels
:>-G lin. long. Sepals 2 Hn. long, I lin. broad, ovate, subobtuse. Corolla-
tube campanulate, 2 lin. long; lobes h in. long, lanceolate-linear,
auricled on one side w^ithin at the base,"" twisted to the left in bud,
yellow ; sinus-pockets truncate, not ciliate. Coronal-lobes inserted at
the middle of the corolla-tube, triangular, with nearly equal sides and
acute or rounded angles. Anthers' connivent over the conicjil apex of
the style. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. (17(1. C. sanyuinolevta,
Schlecnter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 308. Peryidaria samjainolenta,
Lindl. in Bot. Mag. t. 2bo'2 \ and in Trans. Hort. fSoc. 1H2G, vi. 72;
Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. GIO.

Upper Guinea. Gambia, Leprieur ! Sierra Leono : near Luinbamya. Scoft-
Elliof, oUl3 ! and witliont preci>e locality, luUivatoil spec-inieu, Don.' Lafjos :
Yoruba; Abeokuta, in rocky places. Barter, 3359! iiiul witliout precise locality,
Ron-land .' Xiirer Territory : Xupe, Barter, 1333 !

liOiver Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; by thickets in the deep valleys of
the rocks of the Praisidiuni, Welwitsch, 5993 !

This i)lant was introduced by G. Don into the Royal Horticultural Society's
garden at Chiswick, where it tiowered in Aug-tist 3 823, and wis dt smbed by Lindley
ns \i Ferqularia. 1 had not made this iilentitication until immediately after my
tlescriptiou of it was j^ublished in the Journal of the Linnem Society or I should
have adopted Lindle-y's s})ecitic name. The ?ap is described as blood red in colour.
Probably C. Barteri, K. Sclium. in Engl. & Prantl, I*Haiizenfain. iv. ii, 219, belong:*
here, but the description is very insufficient, ami I have noi seen a specimen.

5. C. microphylla, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1S80, ii. S()4
(H4 bi/ error). A much-branched shrub, with milky juice; stems scram-
bling or twining, slender, glabrous, slightly rough on the youngest
parts, becoming smooth with age, nodose fi-om the projecting leaf-scars.
Leaves with scaberulous petioles 1 lin. long; blade -4-H- in. long,
4;V-8i^ lin. broad, oblong-ovate, acute or .shortly acuminate, or the
lowermost obtuse and apiculate, rounded at the base, dull green and
microscopically scaberulous (densely covered with glandular })oints,
Welwitsch) above, glaucous beneath. Cymes terminal or axillary,
2-t)- (rarely more-) flowered ; peduncles 4-0 lin. long, slender, gla-
brous ; pedicels h-^ in. long, minutely bracteate below the middle,
glabrous. Sepals I lin. long and nearly as broad, ovate, subobtuse, sub-
glabrous, or very minutely puberulous. Corolla whitish, glabrous ;
tube 11- lin. long, <:ampanulate (swollen above the base, Welwitsch);
lobes i\-'dl lin. long, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, more or less wrinkled and
crisped ; sinus-pockets scarcely evident, not ciliate. Coronal-lobes

VOL. IV I

246 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [CryptoUpis,

inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube, \ lin. long, rather stout,
Jieshy, terete-subulate, erect. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 676.

Xiower Guinea. Lower Congo ? Kimuen/a, Gillet-! Angola: GolungoAlto;
Alto Quota, in shady forests, Welwitsch, 5939 ! Quota Mountains, WelwitscJi,
6940!

6. C. obtnsa, i\^. £J. Br. in Kew Bulletin^ 1895, 110. Stem
twining, glabrous. Leaves petiolate, glabrous ; petiole 2-5 lin. long ;
blade |-3 in. long, J-lJ in. broad, oblong, obtuse, retuse or emarginate,
mucronate, rounded or more or less cuneate at the base. Cymes 1-2 in.
long, pedunculate, dichotomous, laxly 6-10-flowered, glabrous iu all
parts, axillary, mostly from both axils, and often arranged in elongated
leafless narrow panicles 3-12 in. long, at the ends of the lateral shoots ;
peduncles ^-1 in. long ; bracts J-1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute ;
pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Sepals J lin. long, ovate, subacute. Corolla
acuminate, with twisted aestivation in bud ; tube 1 lin. long ; lobes
3 lin. long, linear-lanceolate ; sinus-pockets truncate, not cihate.
Coronal-lobes arising from the middle of the corolla-tube, J lin. long,
fleshy, lanceolate, acuminate. Anthers acuminate, connivent. Follicles
3-5 in. long, 2J-3 lin. thick, fusiform-terete, acuminate, smooth,
reflexed when ripe. Seeds 3 lin. long, §-1 lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate,
flat, with a central keel on one side, convex on the other, minutely
tuberculate, blackish-brown. — K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 424,
and in Engl, k, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii., 219. C. obtusa, K. Schum.
in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 320.

nXozamb. I>lst. German p]ast Africa : east coast of Lake Xjiasa, Johnson,
56 ! and without precise locality, Stuhlmann, 7827 (ex K. Schumann), Portugue^o
East Africa : Mozambique, Forbes ! J^ower valley of the liiver Shire, Meller !
Jjower Zambesi ; between Tete and the coast. Kirk ! Zambesi Delta ; Luabo River,
Kirk, 38! Shupanga, Kirk! British Central Africa : Nyas^-land ; Kondowe to
Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! lioruma, on the Zambesi, Menyharth^ 829 !

Also at Delagoa Bay.

I have not seen Stuhlmann's specimen which Dr. Schumann described in 1895
as C. ohtusa, but judging from the very imperfect descrijition, 1 believe it to be this
plant.

7. C. Hensii, N. E. Br. Stem twining, rather slender, glabrous,
wrinkled in the dried state, but not rough with raised points, dark
reddish-brown. Leaves very spreading, glabrous on both sides ; petiole
|-1 lin. long; blade 1J-2J in. long, 1J-3J lin. broad, linear, acute,
rounded at the base. Cymes sublateral at the nodes 7-8 lin. long
including the short peduncle, flat-topped, many-flowered, with ascending
branches, compact, glabrous ; bracts J-J lin. long, ovate, acute ;
pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Sepals J lin. long, oblong, obtuse, glabrous,
very minutely ciliate. Corolla campanulate, glabrous outside, pubescent
at the base of the lobes and in the throat and around the mouth of the
tube within, white, shortly pointed in the bud ; tube J lin. long ; lobes
1 lin. long, ^ lin. broad, oblong, obtuse and very oblique at the apex

Cryptolepis.'] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 247

sinus-pockets truncate, ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising at the middle of

the corolla-tube, fleshy, subulate, obtuse, strongly incurved, pubescent.

Anthers acuminate, connivent in a cone.

liower Guinea. Lower Congo : Xtoinbi River, near Lutctc, liens. A, 227 I
Very near C. Baumii, X. E. Br., differing in its linear leaves and more fleshy

(and in the dried state darker coloured) corolla, whicli has very nnicb narrower lobes,

more oblique at the apex.

8. C. producta, iV. E. Br. Stem apparently of scrambling;
habit, minutely scabrid. Leaves opposite or alternate; petiole ^1 lin.
long; blade -J-lJ in. long, J-§ in. broad, oblong, obtuse, apiculate,
rounded or subcuneate at the base. Cymes axillary sessile or sub-
sessile, about I in long and J in. in expanse, 7-15-flowered ; bracts
minute, ovate, acute ; pedicels lJ-2 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1 lin.
long, J lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla quite glabrous
inside and out ; tube Ij lin. long, campanulate ; lobes o lin. long, 1 lin.
broad, narrowly oblong, obtuse, erect or ascending; sinus-pockets pro-
duced into linear truncate or minutely bifid teeth \ lin. long, resem-
bling a second series of coronal-lobes. Coronal-lobes arising from the
middle of the corolla-tube, J lin. long, clavate, obtuse, glabrotis.
Staminal column J lin. long ; anthers with subulate tips, connivent in
a cone.

JaO-wer Guineai Angola : Amboella ; by the River Kubungo, above Knimarva,
3600 It., Baum, 457 !

In having the sinus-pockets produced into distinct lobes, this plant resembU-s
C angolensis, Welw., and belongs to tlie same group of sjjccies, the flowers however
are very muoh larger and the coronal-lobes quite different.

9. C. Baumii, N. E. Br. Stem flexuose or twining, not scabrid,
wrinkled in the dried state, reddish-brown. Leaves spreading, gla-
brous; petiole 1-2 lin. long; blade 1-lf in. long, 5-7 lin. broad (or
larger ?), lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base.
Cymes sublateral at the nodes, f— Ij in. long including the short
peduncle, |-J in. in diam., much branched, compact, corymbose, many-
flowered, glabrous ; branches erect or ascending ; bi-acts J-J lin. long,
ovate, acute; pedicels 1-lf lin. long. Sepals | lin. long, J lin. broad,
oblong-ovate, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla 2h lin. in diam., campanulate,
shortly pointed and slightly twisted in bud, glabrous outside, pube-
scent at the base of the lobes around the mouth of the tube within,
tube I lin. long ; lobes 1 J-1 J lin. long, f-1 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse,
erect, spreading, or recurved at the tips ; margin of the sinus-pockets
ciliate with rather long hairs. Coronal-lobes inserted at the middle of
the corolla-tube much above the insertion of the stamens, J-^ lin.
long, fleshy, subulate, acute, incurved, resembling fish-hooks, sparsely
pubescent or hairy. Staminal column h lin. long ; anthers deltoid,
very acute, connivent in an acute cone over the conical apex of the
style.

Iiower Guinea. Angola: Amboella; by the River Longa, below Napalanka,
3700 ft., Baum, 577 !

248 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (browx). [Cryptolepis.

Very closely allied to C. Brazzcei, Baill., but differinpf in liaviiig less congested
cymes, wliich in outline are wedge-shaped or ohc^iiical and not snbglohose, the
riower-buds are more pointed, more twisted, and the corolla-lobes are longer and not
eiliate. The texture and colour of the flower in the dried stite are also quite
different, that of C. Brazzcei being darker in colour and more fleshy than iu
C. Bmimii.

10. C. Brazzaei, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1889, ii. 803
(8o by error). Stem twining, rather slender, smooth. Leaves spreading,
glabrous; petiole l-^i lin. long; blade IJ-^^ in. long, \~1 in. broad,
varying from elliptic-oblong to elliptic, acute, obtusely rounded at the
base, more or less distinctly o -nerved. Cymes axillary, subsessile,
small, dense, subglobose, many-flowered, glabrous ; bracts h lin. long,
ovate, acute ; pedicels 1-2 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals |-J lin. long,
ovate, obtuse, minutely eiliate. Corolla very obtuse in bud, pube-
scent in the throat of the tube and on the base of the lobes within,
glabrous outside, white; tube 1 lin. long, campanulate; lobes 1 lin.
long, r'-J lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, sparsely and very minutely ciliafe ;
margin of the sinus-pockets eiliate. Coronal-lobes arising from the
middle of the corolla-tube, h lin. long, fleshy, subulate, obtuse or acute,
incurved like fish-hooks, sparsely hairy. Anthers acuminate connivetit.
— Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. (uX. C. Brazzai, Henriques in Bolet.
Soc. Brot. xvi. 07. C. Sizenandi, Rolfe in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xi. 86,

Iiower Guinea. Angola: ]\ralange, ^larques, 15! 63 (ex Henriques)',
Pungo Andongo; jdentiful in the thickets of the Pnesidium, Welwitsch, 41971
Huilla ; at Monino, Welwitsch, 4207! banks of the Kiver Lovo, Marques, 217 (ex
Henriques).

The hairs inside the corolla of this jmel the allied si)ecies can scarcely be seen if
the corolla is examined in a wet state.

1 I. C. "Welwitschii, Iliem in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 677, not of
Schlechter. A small shrub, erect, scrambling or decumbent ; branches
more or less flexuose, minutely scaberulous, reddish. Leaves spreading,
glabrous; petiole J-1 lin. long ; blade |-2 in. long, lJ-10 lin. broad,
varying from linear or linear-lanceolate to elliptic, acute, rounded or sub-
acute at the base, more or less distinctly o-nerved. Cymes axillary,
subsessile, small, densely many- (rarely less than 20-) flowered, minutely
bracteate ; pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Sepals J lin. long, ovate, obtuse,
minutely eiliate. Corolla glabrous on both sides, white ; tube 1 lin.
long, campanulate ; lobes 1;^ lin. long, J-1 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse,
not eiliate ; sinus-pockets truncate, entire or denticulate, not eiliate.
Coronal-lobes arising from the middle of the corolla-tube, J lin. long,
fleshy, subclavate. obtuse or subacute. Anthers acuminate, connivent
in a cone. — C. myrtifolia, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 301, name
only; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw., i. 677. Ectadiojysis Wehcitschii,
Baill. (not of Britten). E. lanceolata, Baill. and P. onyrtifolia, Baill.
in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1889, ii. 802-803 (82-83 by error) ; K.
Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219.

ZiO^xrer Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; near Huilla, in thickets amongst short
grass, Weitoitsch, 4:20^ \ in 'thickets near Lopollo, WeUvitsch, 4:20Q\

Cryptoleinsi] lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). 24^

The leaves of this plant seem to vary very much in breadth.
Var. ^ luteola, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Wehv. i. 677. A sannentose shrublet
\-ll ft. high. Flowers yellowisli,

Xiower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in thickets near Huilla, 'iVelioitsch,A:20:>\

1 doubt if this is in any way distinct from the typical form.

BciaiHo'psis scandens, K. Schnm. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219.
should probably be referred to C. Welwitschii. It is descriljed as follows : A
twining shrub. Marginsof the sinus-i)0ckets of the corolla-lobes not ciliate. Com-
mon ill Angola.

Cnj2jiulepis scandens, Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Kxped. 30H, name only,
collected in sandy soil near Dolo, not far from Stanley Pool, in Lower Conjro,
Schlechter, 124.51. This is stated to be identical with Ectadiopsis scandens, K.
Sclmm., but, as there is not a word of description to support this view, I am doubtful
of the determination, especially as tlie specimens distributed by the Berlin authorities
under this name have the sinus-pockets ciliate, and thus entirely disagree with
Ectadiojjsis scandens in the only distinctive character assigned to it.

12. C. angolensis, Welw, ex lliern in Cat. Afr. PL Wehv. i. (177.
llootstock woody. Steins of the type specimens 8-10 in. high, erect,
reddish-brown, rough with minute raised points ; but according to
Welvvitsch's note on the label it forms a decumbent, scrambhng or
rarely twining shrub, 2-4 ft. high, with milky juice. Leaves ascending
or somewhat spreading, perfectly glabrous ; petiole 1-2 lin. long ; blade
1-2 in. long, o-G lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, cuneate at the base, not
:)-nerved. Cymes axillary, sessile or subsessile, densely many-flowered ;
bracts minute, rounded, very minutely ciliate ; pedicels 1-1 f lin. long,
rathei- thick. Sepals | lin. long, -^ lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, very
minutely ciliate. Corolla obtuse in bud, quite glabrous, white,
fragrant ; tube -\-J lin. long, campanulate ; lobes 1^-1 f ^^^- ^ong, § lin.
broad, oblong, obtuse ; sinus-pockets produced into filiform processes
-J lin. long, giving the appearance of two series of coronal-lobes, appa-
rently slightly tortuous. Coronal-lobes arising above the middle of the
corolla-tube, |-1 lin. long, subulate, acute, slightly curved somewhat like
the letter S. Anthers acuminate, connivent or connate in a cone.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; in sandy thickets near Lopollo, IFelicitsch,
4204!

This is very similar to C. Welwitschii, Hiern, in general appearance, but differs
in the leaves not being 3-iierved at the base, .md in the very difFerent eoronal-lobes
and filiform processes of the sinus-pockets. The ty])p consists cf two specimens,
which aie, as described above, and I am inclined to think, irom the statement on
Welwitseh's label, that he did not distinguish tl.is plant from C. WehcHschii .• cer-
tainly the specimons show no signs of a sarmentose decumbent or twining lubit. I
find the plant quite glabnms on all parts, not " pulverulent-puberulous" on the
leaves and calyx as stated in the original description, where the tiliform processes
of the sinus-pockets are not noted.

13. C. oblongifolia, Schlechter in Jourii. Bot. 189G, 315. An
erect branching shrub. Branches usually rather long, slender, reddish-
brown, minutely scabrous. Leaves ascending, glabrous '; petiole ^, 1 {
lin. long; blade J-2 in. long, J-f in. broad, 2-5 times ivs long as bread,

2')0 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Cri/ptoUpis.

varying from narrowly lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, acute or obtuse
and apiculate, cuneate or rounded at the base, pallid beneath. Cymes
subaxillary, subsessile, or on peduncles up to J in. long, 3-lG-flowered,
not dense, trichotomous, J- J in. in diam. ; bracts 7^-1 lin. long, ovate,
obtuse; pedicels 1-1 J lin. long. Sepals |-f lin. long, oblong, obtuse,
minutely ciliate at the apex. Corolla quite glabrous, yellowish-green,
ovoid and rather acute or acuminate in bud ; tube §-1 lin. long, cam-
panulate; lobes IJ-lf lin. long, §-f lin. broad, oblong or lanceolate,
oblong, obtuse ; sinus-pockets entire or produced into a minute tooth,
not ciliate. Coronal-lobes inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube,
|-J lin. long, subrhomboid, subterete or clavate, obtuse or acute, fleshy.
Anthers deltoid, very acuminate. Follicles diverging at an angle of
about 80°, 3-3| in. long, about -J in. thick, narrowly fusiform, gradually
tapering from about the middle to a subacute point, glabrous. Seeds
about 4 lin. long, 1 lin. broad, narrowly oblong, convex on one side,
concave with a central ridge on the other, minutely scabrous. — Ectadium
ohlongifolium, Meisn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1843, 542 (442 by error) ;
Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 827 ; Walp. Rep. vi. 481. Secamone acutifolia.
Sond. in Linnsea, xxiii. 70 ; Walp. Ann. iii. 48. Ectadiopsis ohlongi-
folia, Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 471 ; Schlechter in Engl.
Jahrb. xviii. Beibl. 45, 14 ; K. Schum. in Engl, tfe Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 219. E. acutifolia, Benth. in Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. PI. ii. 741 ;
K. Schum. in Engl, tk Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219.

N'lle Kand. Uganda : Ankole ; on dry grassy liills on the East side of Lake
Albert Edward, Scott-ELliot, 8066 !

nf ozami). Dlst. Portnguese East Africa: between Massi Kessi k Revue,
Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 239 !

Also in South Africa.

14. C. EUiotii, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 300. Stems erect,
branching, scaberulous. Leaves |-1 in. long, 3-0 lin. broad, on petioles
^-1 lin. long, elliptic-oblong, about equally subobtuse at both ends,
apiculate, margins revolute, glabrous on both sides, whitish or glaucous
beneath. Cymes lax, terminal, corymbose, the main branches 3-10 lin.
long, glabrous, ultimate cymules 3-4-flowered ; pedicels \-^\ lin. long,
glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long, §-| lin. broad, oblong or elliptic-oblong,
very obtusely rounded at the apex, minutely ciliate. Corolla glabrous,
ovoid, and obtuse in bud; tube 1 lin. long, campanulate ; lobes IJ lin.
long, 1-1:^ lin. broad, somewhat rhomboidal-oblong in outline, obtuse
and unequal sided, that side which is on the inside when in the bud
being broadest and produced into a distinct angle at the middle ; sinus-
pockets truncate, not ciliate. Coronal -lobes arising from the middle of
the corolla-tube, rather less than J lin. long, fusiform-clavate, acute,
incurved.

Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Urundi Hills, Scott-ElUot, 8372 !

Schlechter also included a specimen of C. ohlonqifoUa, Schlechter under this
name, but I have retained his name for the present plant, as it is evident that it is

Cryptolepis,'] LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEiE (BRO^VN). 251

upon this plant with the terminal inflorescence that he has based his description, but
the flowers are not in racemes as he describes. It differs from C. uhlongifolia in its
broader corolla lobes and more obtuse buds.

15. C. nigritana, N. E. Br. A virgate shrub, growing to a height
of 4 ft., glabrous in all parts ; branches straight, slender, rough with
minute raised points. Leaves opposite or occasionally 3 in a whorl ;
petiole J-1 lin. long, blade 1J-3J in. long, J-J in. broad, 4^-12 times
as long as broad, linear to linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate ; base
obtuse. Cymes axillary, subsessile, or very shortly pedunculate, 10-
20-flowered ; bracts 1 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute ; pedicels
1-2 lin. long. Sepals J-1 lin. long, ovate, acute or obtuse, minutely
and sparsely ciliate. Corolla-tube 1-1^ lin. long, campanulate ; lobes
1^-1| lin. long, |^-| lin. broad, narrowly oblong or lanceolate, obtuse,
twice as long as the tube, pale yellow ; sinus-pockets truncate, not
ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising from the middle of the corolla-tube, h lin.
long, fleshy, clavate, rhomboidal or oblong-spathulate, obtuse or acute,
sometimes incurved at the point. — C. Welwitschii, Schlechter in Journ.
Bot. 1895, 301, excl. syn., name only. Ectadiopsis nigritana, Benth. in
Hook. Ic. PL xii. 75, 1. 1187. E. nigritiaTut^ K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 219. E. nigritana^ Benth. var. congesta, K. Schum.
in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 232. E. Welwitschii, Britten in Trans. L'.nn.
Soc. ser. 2, iv. 26, not of Baill.

Upper Guinea. Togo, Buttner, 404 ! Niger Territory : Nupe, Barter,
1324!

Nile Xiand. Uganda : Ankole ; east of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Elliof,
8065!

IVEozaxnb. Dlst. Lake Tanganyika, Cameron ! Portuguese East Africa :
Lower Shire Valley, Morambala Mountain, 1500 ft.. Kirk! Hritish Central Africa :
Nyasaland; Stevenson Road, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-JElliot, 8264 ! 8314! West shore
of Lake Nyasa, 1600 ft.. Kirk > Mans;anja Hills, 2000 ft., Kirk ! Shire Higli-
lands, Buchanan, 251! Mandala, Scott-Elliot, 8450! Mount Mlanji, Whyte,
134 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan^ 1091 !

The tough, stringy bark is used by the natives for making fishing-nets.

Probably the plant from Nyasaland, referred toas^. Welwitschii, by Schumann
11 Engl. PH. Ost-Afr. C. 320, belongs here.

16. C. sufFruticosa, N. E. Br. Stems solitary, 1-2 ft. high,
arising from a thick woody rhizome, very much branched, flattened in
the upper part, sulcate, glabrous, minutely papillose at the apex only.
Leaves sessile, |-2f in. long, |-5 lin. broad, varying from linear to
lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, acute or somewhat rounded at the
base, subcoriaceous, marginate, glabrous on both sides ; veins finely
reticulate, prominent on both sides. Flowers solitary or in 2 -flowered
pedunculate cymes; peduncles 1^-4 lin. long; bracts 2, subulate;
pedicels 1-2J lin. long. Sepals J lin. long, ovate, obtuse, minutely
ciliate. Corolla yellow; tube 1 lin. long; lobes 2 lin. long, oblong.

2o'2 Lxxxv. ASCLEPIADE.E (brown). [Cryptolepis.

acute, their sinus-pockets variable, truncate, emarginate or subulate.
Coronal-lobes arising about J lin. above the base of the corolla-tube,
J lin. long, fleshy. — Ectadlopsis suffritticosc:, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xxviii. 45;».

X^ozamb. Sist. (rerinan East Africa: Ulielio ; Iringa, 5000 ft., Goetze,
66.-5.

Uiikiiow u to ine.

Imperfectly Icnoivn species.

17. C. laxa, BailL in Bull. Soc. Lin. Paris, 1889, ii. 804 (84 hy
error). Twining, glabrous. Leaves small, ovate, acute, white beneath.
Cymes pedunculate, lateral, lax and few -flowered. The fruit is formed
of two long follicles, slender and glabrous, divergent, fornicate.

Tropical Africa. Brazza, 126 (ox Bailloti).
I have not seen this plant.

18. C. Barter!, K. Sclmm. in Engl. cO Frantl, Pflanzenfam.iv. ii.
^19. Leaves acute or acuminate, concolorous on both sides. Cymes
few-flowered. Pedicles long.

IVest Tropical Africa, ex K. Sc?nimann.

I have not seen this, and tlie description is quite inadequate for identification,
but, as sugirested on p. 245, it may be tlie same as C. triangularis, X. E. Br.

19. Ectadiopsis Biittneri, A'. Schum. in Engl, d- Praiitl, Pflan-
zenfmn. iv. ii. 219, A twining shrub. Margin of the sinus-pockets of
the corolla-lobes ciliate.

Iio-wer Guinea. Lower Congo ; Leopoldville, near Stanley Pcol (ex K.
Schumann).

1 have not seen a specimen of this plant.

The description is insufficient for identification and applies equally to at least
three species.

3. STOMATOSTEMMA, N. E. Br.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube broadly campanulate; lobes over-
lapping to the left in bud. Corona of 5 fleshy clavate lobes inserted
in the sinuses between the corolla-lobes. Stamens inserted near the
base of the corolla-tube ; filaments free ; anthers united at their base to
the dilated part of the style, connivent in a cone, triangular, with the
connective produced into a fleshy apiculus, glabrous. Pollen granular.
Pollen-carriers with the margins inrolled so as to nearly form an oblique-
mouthed tube, broadly ovate when flattened out, grooved down the back.
Style shortly conical at the apex, shorter than the anthers. Follicles
and seeds not seen. — A climbing or bushy shrub, with milky juice..
Leaves opposite. Flowers of moderate size, in few-flowered cymes,,
axillary form both axils and terminal.

Stomatostemma.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). i>:»;j

Species 1, also in South Africa.

I have generically separated this plant from Crifplolepls, chieHy on accoinit o\
the position of the coronal-lohes. These are nuich more distant from the stamens
than they are in Cri/ptolepis, occupying the same place that tlie sinus-poikets do in
that genus and prol)ably represent the same organs, whilst the coronjil-lohes of
Cryptolepls {?ivis\\vy, at the middle of the corolla-tube), are not represented in Stoma-
iostemma. The corolla also differs from that of Cryptolepis \n l)eing more inHated
and more obtuse when in bud, and in having a mucli broader tube and broader lobes
than in any species of that genus. The generic name is formed from crmfxa, a
mouth, and (rrefifia, a crown, in allusion to the position of the corona at tlie month
of the corolla-tube.

1. S. Monteirose, ^V. A'. Br. A small bush 4-5 ft. hign, or a
climber, glabrous in all parts. Leaves l^--^ in. Jong, l-'l in. In-oatl,
oblong, lanceolate or cuneate-obovate. obtuse or acute, sometimes apicu-
late, narrowed at the base into a 1-2 lin. long petiole. Cymes 1-1 .V in.
long, few -flowered, terminal and subcorymbose, or arranged along the
terminal part of the stem and branches in a racemose manner ; pedicels
->-4j lin. long, with two minute bracts at about the middle. Sepals
i-lj lin. long, ovate-oblong, obtuse. Corolla about 1 in. in dium.,
cream-coloured with a purple-brown centre, somewhat inflated ellipsoid
and obtuse when in bud ; tube 2-3 lin. long, broadly campanulate ; lobes
■J in. long, 2-2^ lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, with revolute margins.
Coronal-lobes inserted at the sinuses of the corolla, 1 lin. long ; clavate,
fleshy, dark purple-brown or blackish in the dried state. Anthers
acuminate, connivent over the short conical apex of the style, whitish
or yellowish. — Cri/ptolepis J/onteiroce, Oliver in Hook. Ic. PI. xvi. t.
1591.

IMEozaxnb. Sist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland; near Lalce Xirami,
McCabe, 101

Also at Delagoa Bay and in the Transvaal.

This species is stated by Mr, McCabe, on bis label, to be a "small bush or tree
growing among rocks," whilst Mrs. Monteiro, who collected it at Delagoa Hay, and
Mr. Galpin who collected it near Karberton in the Transvaal, both state that it is a
climber. But I cannot find the least difference in the flowers from the different
localities. It would appear that in the more humid coast region the jilant is a
climber with broader leaves and a somewhat lax inflorescence, whilst in the drier
inland region it becomes a bush with narrower leaves aiul a more compact in-
florescence.

4. BATESANTHUS, N. E. ]5r. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 250(1.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate, very deeply
5-lobed ; lobes broad, overlapping to the left in bud. Corona in-
distinct, arising from the bottom of the corolla, annular, with 5 very
short lobules, which are adnate to the base of the filaments of the
stamens. Stamens 5 ; filaments free ; anthers erect, oblong, ajipendaged
at the apex, connivent over the apex of the style, united to the dilated
part of it at their base, and cohering by their appendages at the apex.
Pollen granular. Pollen-carrier with a rhomboid deeply divided blai^e

:>54 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Batesantkvs.

on a short slender stalk. Style shortly conical at the apex. Follicles
stout, erect, parallel, united at their base. Seeds flattened, keeled on
one face, densely fringed all round with very long white hairs, other-
wise glabrous. — A twining shrub with milky juice. Leaves opposite,
large, petiolate. Stipules frill-like reflexed. Flowers moderately large,
in long lax panicles. — Perithryx, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris,
1898, 65.

Monotypie, endemic.

A remarkable genus, very similar to Chlorocodon in habit and stipules, but with
a coronal structure more like that of Oymnolcema.

1. B. purpureas, X. E, Br. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2500. A woody
twiner ; stems glabrous, slightly verrucose, chocolate-coloured. Leaves
distant; petiole \\ in. long; blade 6-7 in. long, 3-3J in. broad, oblong
or elliptic-oblong, cuspidate-acute, cordate at the base, glabrous on both
sides. Stipules interpetiolar, transverse, reflexed, toothed, very con-
spicuous. Panicle axillary, about 1 ft. long, including the 3-4 in. long
peduncle, lax, its branches lf-2 in. distant, opposite, |-2l in. long,
1-3-flowered ; bracts 1 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, very deciduous
leaving a ring-like scar; pedicels 3-7 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals
1-1 tV lin. long, J lin. broad, ovate, subacute, glabrous, minutely ciliolate.
Corolla large, rotate or with the lobes campanulately spreading, dark
purple, 5-lobed to within IJ lin. of the base; lobes 9 lin. long, 5-5 J lin.
broad, elliptic-oblong, very obtusely rounded at the apex, glabrous on
both sides, not ciliate. Corona indistinct, annular, shortly 5-lobed ;
lobes adnate to the base of the staminal-filaments, emarginate. Staminal-
filaments, about J lin. long, linear; anthers | lin. long, linear-oblong,
connate at the apex by their short ovate appendages, quite glabrous.
Style shortly conical at the apex, acute. Follicles about 4^ in. long^
J in. thick, fusiform, shortly beaked, erect, parallel, connate for about
I in. at their base, glabrous. Seeds 4-5 lin. long, l|-2 lin. broad^
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, compressed, acutely keeled on one side,
fringed all round the margin (but more densely at the two ends), with
very long white hairs, otherwise glabrous, blackish. — K. Schum. in
Enf'l. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zum. ii.-iv. 286, and Nachtr. ii.,
zum. ii.-iv. 60. — Perithryx glabra^ Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris,
1898, 66.

upper Guinea. Camercons : Efulen, Bates, 383 !

Ziower Guinea. Gaboon ; Libreville, on the Gaboon River, Klaine, 513 !

When enclosed in the follicles, some of the hairs around the margin of the seeds
are reflexed so as to conceal the glabrous sides, but they probably spread out when
the seeds are liberated from the follicle.

5. CHLOROCODON, Hook. f. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 745.

Calyx 5 -partite. Corolla campanulate-rotate, 5-lobed nearly to the
base; lobes overlapping to the left in bud. Corona of 5 lobes
arising from the base of the staminal-filaments, free to their base, very

Chlorocodon.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 255

broadly obcordate or obreniform, with or without an erect or incurved
dorsal process. Stamens arising from the base of the corolla ; filaments
very short and broad ; anthers large, triangular, adhering to the style,
connivent in a cone, connate at the tips. Pollen granular. Style not
exceeding the anthers, conical at the apex. — Large climbers with opposite
cordate leaves, well developed frill-like stipules, and axillary panicles of
moderate sized flowers.

Species 2, one found also in Natal.

Allied to Tacazzia, but differing in the broad basal part of the coronal-lobes,
and in the large frill-like stipules, which (with the exception of T. stipularis,
X. E, Br.), are absent in Tacazzia.

Coronal-lobes with a linear dorsal process . . . 1. C. Whiteii.

Coronal-lobes witliout a doi'sal process . . . 2. C. ecornutus.

1. C. Whiteii, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5898. Stem climbing,
minutely pubescent. Leaves distant, spreading ; petiole IJ-^J in. Ion*' ;
blade 4-7 in. long, 3-5 in. broad ; cordate-ovate or cordate-elliptic,
cuspidate, glabrous or minutely subscabrous-pubescent on both sides, oi-
softly pubescent beneath. Stipules forming a reflexed toothed frill,
connecting the petioles. Flowers in axillary pedunculate paniculate
cymes 2h-(^ in. long, minutely puberulous on the branches and pedicels ;
bracts 2-3 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate ; pedicels
(5-9 lin. long. Sepals 2-2h lin. long, l-lh Hn. broad, ovate, acute,
glabrous or puberulous. Corolla subrotate, 5-lobed nearly to the base ;
lobes 5-G lin. long, 3 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subobtuse, glabrous, very
minutely ciliate along one margin, purple, with the margins and a short
central stripe at the base green. Coronal-lobes very broadly obcordate,
fleshy, white, 1 lin. long, lf-2 lin. broad, having a widely spreading,
subulate, linear or linear-lanceolate, purple dorsal process 2-2\ lin.
long, acute or bifid at the apex. Follicles 3-4 in. long, H-1 J in. thick,
ovoid-lanceolate, obtuse, widely divergent. — Engl, tfc Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. 215 k 217, fig. 64, 0-Q ; Gard. Chron. 1895, xviii. 234 cfe 243,
fig. 48, erroneous as to the corona; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i.
080 ; Wood & Evans, Natal PI. i. 27, t. 31. Periploca lati/olia, K.
Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost.-Afr. C. 321, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 232.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker, 589 ! 1397 !

Xtower Guinea. Angola : Bumbo ; in rocky places near the River Br'ico,
Wehoifsch, 4221 ! Pungo Andongo ; Barrancosde Songue, Welicitsch, 4220 ! along
streams throughout the Pra3sidium, Wehoifsch, 4218! in forests, Welwitsch, 4219!
Golungo Alto; mountains of Queta, Welv)itsch, 4211 ! 6013 !

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa: Karagwe; Bukoba, Sltthlmann, 1619.
British Central Africa: Xyasaland ; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 168!

Also in Natal, where it is called by the natives "Mundi" or *' Umundi," the
root being used as a touic. According to Buchanan the seeds ai'c " said to be used
as an arrow poison."

The flowers are represented in the Botanical Magazine as being p;ile greenish
with a purple blotch at the base of the lobes, but in the dried flowers of the typo
specimen and in all the living flowers I have seen, the colour is as described above.
Messrs. Wood & Evans, however, describe a form with " dull greenish-white flowers."

'2^)C) Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.?^: (brown). [Chlorococlou.

Ill the Gardenor^s Chronicle the dorsal processes of the coroual-lohes are inaccurately
re]n"eseiite(i as bein^ incumbent on the backs of the antliers, instead of spreadinsr,
uliirh is their natural ])ositiun in the open flower.

2. C. ecornutus, N. E. ]h\ {ecornuta by error) in Kev Bulletin,
1805, 111. Stem, leaves, stipules, and inflorescence as in C. Whiteii,
but more glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long and broad, orbicular or elliptic,
very obtusely rounded, glabrous. Corolla 0-10 lin. in diam., glabrous ;
lobes 4 lin. long, 2J lin. broad, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes about .V
the length of the anthers, fleshy, transverse and subbilobed or broadly
obcordate, no dorsal process. — K. Schum. in Engl. <k Prantl, Pfianzen-
fam. iv. ii. 215, & in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 425.

Xrile Iiand. British East Africa : Ribe, near IMonibasa, Wakefield !

The corolla is rather smaller and dries a darker colour than that of C. Whiteii.

0. OMPHALOGONUS, Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris,
1881), ii. 812.

Sepals imbricate. Corolla rotate, ovoid in bud ; lobes overlapping to
the left, at length spreading. Corona double, spreading, with the
radiating lobes adnate to the corolla within ; outer lobes obtusely tri-
gonous, obtuse ; inner lobes obovate-oblong, boat-shaped, concave in
the middle, obcordate at the apex. Stamens 5, affixed to the bottom
of the corolla ; filaments slender, free ; anthers apiculate, setose.
Pollen granular. Pollen-carrier obovate. — A glabrous twiner. Leaves
opposite, large, cordate, acuminate, richly penninerved. Cymes lateral
from one axil, about equalling the petiole, pedunculate, loosely dicho-
tomous. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 221.
Omphakigonus, Baill., Hist. des. PI. x. ;)00.

Species 1, endemic, unknown to me, but appears to be allied to Chlorocodon.

1. O. calophyllus, Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. 812,
and Hist. PI. x. ;:>00, name only, no description beyond the above.
XdKozamb. 3>ista Zanzibar, ex Baillon.

7. PERIPLOCA, L. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 740.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes
overlapping and slightly twisted to the left in bud. Corona of 5,
filiform or linear lobes, arising Jrom the corolla at or a little above
the insertion of the stamens and opposite to them, simple or divided,
with or without a more or less broadly dilated base, which is often
more or less spreading on and adnate to the base of the corolla-lobes,
and usually two-keeled within. Stamens arising from the corolla a little
above its base ; filaments free, short ; anthers adnate to the style at
their base, hairy on the back or at the base, with the connective
produced into an apiculus, by which they are usually connate at
their tips. Pollen granular. Style shorter than the anthers, convex

reriploca.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (huown). -j:,";

or subtruncate at the apex. Follicles smooth. Seeds crowned witii
a tuft of hairs. — Twining or erect shrubs, rarely leafless Leaves
opposite. Flowers of moderate size, or small, in lax axillai v or terminal
cymes.

Species several ; the genus extends into Xortli Africa, tlic C.-inarie^, S. Kiiroj.e
and tlirougli the Orient into India :ind China.

Leptadenia visciformis, V^atke in Oeiterr. liot. Zeitsdir. IJiJfJ, l-iO, may helouu'
to this genus.

Corolla-lobes bearded within.

Branches rather stmt, stiff and usually leafless . 1. 1\ aplujUa.

Hranches slender ; leaves long, linear . . . '1. P. linearifoUa.

Corolhi-lobes glabrous within, but with a velvety

sheen ; leaves elliptic-oblong . , . . 3. P. nifjrescens.

1. Periploca aphylla, JJecne. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. loO t. lie.
A branching glabrous or puberalous shrub, with stiff moderately stout
leafless branches, or sometimes the young shoots bear small oblong or
Imear-oblong obtuse or acute leaves :^-G lin. long, |-1 ^ lin. broad, on
very short petioles. Cymes terminal on very short lateral branches,
5-20-flowered ; bracts minute, obtuse; pedicels H-o lin. long, gla-
brous or puberulous. Sepals J-1 lin. long, g^-J lin. broad, ovate or
ovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous or puberulous. Corolla rotate. r.-7 lin.
in diam. ; lobes 2.\-;> lin. long, 1.^-1 J lin. broad, oblong-ovate, obtuse
or subacute, glabrous on the back, bordered on the inner face near
the margin with long white hairs, glabrous on the central part, with a
slightly raised lanceolate boss down the middle, formed of minute,
■densely crowded papillae. Coronal-lobes -U^ lin. long ; basal part trans-
versely oblong, truncate, with two wing-like keels down the inner face,
one near each margin ; apical jjart filiform, erect, tortuous. Stamens
hairy on the back of the deltoid-ovate anthers ; filaments glabrous.
Follicles widely divergent, 3-4 in. long, \ in. thick, terete, acuminate,
glabrous or puberulous. — DC. Prod. viii. 409 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iv. .'jO ;
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 12 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 210.

Wile Z.and. Nubia : near the coast, about 21° N. latitude, Bevf ! Sotinbn
Mountains, Schiceinfurth, 238 ! 340 !

Also in Egypt, and extending through Arabia and Persia into the jdains uf North-
west ladia.

2. P. linearifoliay Dill, ti- Jiich. in Ann. Sc. Xat. sCr. 2. xiv
203. A glabrous climber. Leaves li-oj in. long, 1-3 lin. broad,
linear, acute. Cymes lax, several flowered, pedunculate, axillary and
terminal, often forming large compound cymes at the ends of thf
branches; bracts h lin. long, ovate. Sepals 'I lin. long, ovate, obtuse.
Corolla rotate, T) fin. in diam.; lobes 2 lin. long, J lin. broad, with
revolute margins, bearded within except along the middle. Coronal-
lobes subulate-filiform, minutely hairy, shortly, dilated at the ba^e
and two-keeled within, with the edges of the dilated part adnate to
the corolla. Stamens hairy on the back of the filaments and anthers.

258 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [PeHplocce,

Follicles 3|-5 in. long, 2 lin. thick, terete-attenuate, straight, horizon-
tally diverging, sometimes solitary. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. iL
83. Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 498 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.
341. K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost.-Afr. C. 321 ; in Engl. Jahrb.
xxviii. 454; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 216. P.
linemns, Hochst. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 498.

larile Iiand. Abyssinia : Tigre ; on Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 365 ! 1857 !
near Adowa, Quarfin Dillon Sf Petit! near Mai Gouagoua, Quartin Billon!
Sanien ; near Enjedcap, Schimper, 1332 ! Begenieder, Schimper, 226 ! Amba Sea,
Schimper ! Shoa : Chakka Mountains, Roth, 417 ! and without precise locality,
Schimper, 987 !

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, at Marangu, 4600 ft.,
Volkeas, 269! Usambara ; Heboma, Hoist, 2573! Ukame; South Uluguru,
3900 ft., Goetze, 226 (ex Schumann).

3. P. nigrescens, Afzel. Stirp. Guin. Med. Sp. Nov. i, 2.

Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves distant ; petiole f-1 J in. long ; blade

3-5J in. long, li-3j in. broad, oblong or elliptic-oblong, cuspidate,

rounded, subtruncate or subcordate at the base, glabrous on both

sides, glaucous beneath. Panicles axillary, 2-3 in. long, glabrous;

bracts 1 lin. long, oblong-ovate, obtuse ; pedicels 3-5 lin. longj.

Sepals 1 J-1 J lin. long and broad, very broadly ovate, obtuse. Corolla

rotate, glabrous, dark red inside {Holland), nearly black {Barter), with

a velvety sheen ; tube very short; lobes 4-5 lin. long, 2J-3 lin. broad,

retiexed, oblong, obtuse, with one margin produced at the apex into an

oblique membranous inflexed or cochleate auricle. Coronal-lobes 3-4

lin. long, filiform or linear, not dilated at the base, usually divided

above the middle into 2-4 filaments, of which the middle 1-2 are

usually tortuous in the upper part, and the lateral pair short and

spreading, rarely undivided. Stamens hairy on the filaments and

backs of the ovate-oblong anthers. Follicles (according to Afzelius),

about 17 in. long, horizontal or slightly reflexed, lanceolate-attenuate,

2-edged, angles acute. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 081 ; K.

Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. '2?)'2. P. Afzelii, G. Don, Syst. Card. iv.

163. P. Preussii, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 117; and in Engl.

& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 216 and 217, fig. G4, R— V. De Wild. &

Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, ii. fasc. 2, 41. P. nigricans, Schlechter,

Westafr. Kautscbuk-Exped. 308. Parquetina gabonica, Baill. in Bull.

Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. (1889) 806 (86 by error); ct Hist. PI. x. 294;

K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 218.

Upper Guinea. S'levra heono, Afzelius ! Don! Barter! Scott-T^lliot , 4:206 \
5631! J/aM», 845! Nigrer Territory: New Calabar, at Dc^-Axa'a,, Holland, 1211
Old Calabar, Thomson, 43 ! Ikun, in a villap^e near Odortobo, Holland, 261 1
Camevoons : Bipinde, Zenker, 863 I between Mokonye and Kumba Ninga, Preuss,
151 (ex Schumann).

Zio-wer Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 406 ! Biittner,
402 (ex Schumann); Como Kivor, Bales, 465! Gaboon River, Mann! woods near
Libreville, Schlechter, 12,822, and witliout precise locality, Duparquet. Loango;
Lagoa of Cbiiu-bocho, Soyaux, 46 (ex Schumann). Lower Congo, Smith ! Lower
Congo and between Sambo and Yanga, Cahra (ox De Wildeman Sc Durand) \

Periplocci.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 251)

^ZtZ^^2^ Musseugue, Wehvitsch, 4232! and witl^ut precife locHlitj.

South Central. Congo Free State : ^yB^ugat^, Bemeuse {,^x De Wilderr.au S-
Uurand). Lubue, itya (ex Be Wildeman ^ Duraiid).

8. BASEONEMA, Schlechter & Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1800, 07.

Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla 5-lobed almost to the base, reflexed ; lobes
linear-oblong. Corona none. Stamens 5, inserted at the bnse of the
coiolla-lobes and alternating with them ; lilaments free, broadly dilated
thick, fleshy and contiguous at the base, filiform above ; anthers erect,
linear-oblong, acute, adnate in their lower part to the dilated apex of
the style and connivent over it in an obtuse cone, cohering at their-
tips, glabrous. "Within the stamens and alternating with them are :»
minute free rounded lobules. Style rather slender in the lower part,
abruptly dilated into a stout fleshy conical mass at the apex, obtuse.'
shorter than the anthers. Pollen granular. Follicles not' seen.—
Apparently a shrub. Leaves opposite, petiolate. Flowers small, in
dichotomous or trichotomous cymes.
Endemic, nioiiotvpic.

This genus only differs from Tacazzea in being entirely destitute of a corona; in
all other characters it is identical with that genus.

1. B. Gregorii, Schlechter d- Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1800, 07, t. ?>'M),
fig. B. Apparently a woody plant, with long straight branches, sub-
glabrous or slightly puberulous ; internodes up to 5 in. long. Leaves
opposite, spreading; petiole 3 J-5 lin. long ; blade H-21 in. in length
and breadth, nearly circular, very shortly and obtusely apiculate, cordate
at the base, very shortly velvety-pubescent on both sides, but more
sparsely above. Cymes pedunculate, dichotomous or trichotomous,
glabrous ; peduncle (')-13 lin. long; branches 2-;>| in. long, spreiiding,
several-flowered ; pedicels j-1 in. long, rather slender, glabrous,
except at the apex, which is rather densely pubescent and thickenecl
under the calyx ; bracts about ^-| lin. long, narrowly oblong, obtuse,
densely pubescent with short spreading hairs. Sepals t^-§ lin. long,
^-h lin. broad, ovate, obtuse, densely pubescent, recurved. Corolla
reflexed, lobed almost to the base; lobes 3J-3J lin. long, IJ-lJ lin.
broad, linear-oblong, obtuse, narrowly reflexed along the margins,
tomentose on the back, glabrous, on the inner face minutely ciliate on
one margin. Corona none. Filaments of the stamens 1 lin. long,
dilated at their basal third into a broad semicircular fleshy mass, above
which they are filiform ; anthers about 1-| lin. long, linear-oblong,
acute, adhering to the dilated apex of the style, connate at the tips. —
Engl. <t Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zum ii.-iv. 280.

Wile Iiand. British East Africa : East Ongalea Mounttiins, at Kinani
Gregorij, 14 !

200 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (brown). [^Tocazzea.

1). TACAZZEA, Decne. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 745.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed almost to the base, rotate or
campanulate ; lobes overlapping and often slightly twisted to the left.
Corona of 5 lobes, arising from the corolla at the base of the stamens
and often shortly adnate to their filaments, alternating with the corolla-
lobes, filiform or linear, simple or divided above into 2 or i-> filiform
se^^ments. Stamens inserted at or near the base of the corolla ; fila-
ments free above, usually more or less combined at their base with
an inner series of 5 minute subquadrate emarginate or bifid alter-
nating lobules into a ring or very short tube ; anthers attached at
their base to the dilated part of the style, and connivent over it in
a cone, with cohering tips, glabrous. Pollen granular. Style shorter
than the anthers, conical at the apex. Follicles diverging. Seeds
crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Twining or erect shrubs with milky
juice. Leaves opposite or whorled. Stipules usually represented by a
transverse line connecting the petioles, i-arely toothed. Flowers small,
in axillary, paniculate or corymbose cymes, usually from both axils. —
Leptoixetia, Harvey, Gen. South Afr. PI. ed. 2, 231. jEchmolejns,
IJecne. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 741.

Species about 14, confined to Tropical and South Africa.

Tlie fiowers of most of the species are very similar in appearance and structure,
and it is difficult to obtain distinctive characters from them. In most of the species
the veins of the leaves are densely reticulate, and the midrib often has a series of appa-
rently fleshy processes or fjlands scattered along the u])per side. Tacazzea is very closely
related to Feri))loca and RapJiionacme, anil technically can only be distinguished
f I oni the former by the gbsbrons anthers. The tleshy processes on the midrib, however,
do not occur in Periploca. In Ik'iitham & Hooker's Genera Plantarum, Tacazzea \s
said to differ fi-om Periploca by the iufiorescence arising Irom both axils of the opposite
leaves, whilst in Periploca it arises from c^ne axil only ; hut this character does not
liold good, as 3 out of the 10 or 11 species of Periploca have cymes arising from
both axils, whilst in Tacazzea they sometimes arise from one axil only of each pair
of leaves. Tlie liabit and taller and more woody stems of Tacazzea readily dis-
tinguish it from Papliionacme, besides which, the shoit united part of the corolla
does not form a distinct campaimlate tube as in Raphionacme • in the latter genus,
however, there are one or two species without a aistinctly campanulate tube to the
coi-olla, and then there is nothing but habit to distinguisli the two genera ; this is so
distinct, however, that once pi'operly recognised, it can never be mistaken.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate.

Leaves less than 1 lin. broad; coronal-lobes divided

into 3 long filaments . . . . . 1. T. africana.

Leaves 3-4 lin. broad ; coronal-lobes subulate, un-
divided, short . . . . . . 4:. T. rosmarinifoUa.

Leaves not linear nor linear-lanceolHte, varying from
;|-4 in. broad.
Leaves of the exceedingly short lateral flowering
shoots fascicled, small, partly concealing the
small 1-4-flow'ered cymes . . . . 2. T. voluhilis.

Leaves of the flowering shoots in distant pairs or
whorls, of moderate size or large ; cymes or
panicles 6- to many-flowered.

Tacazzea.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 201

Pedicels li in. or more long; veins of the leaves

numerous horizontal 3. T. pedicellafa.

Pedicels not more tlian | in. long ; veins of the
leaves not horizontal.
Leaves glabrous beneath.

Leaves acuminate at the apex, rounded or

subcnneate at the base . . . .9. T. conferta.

Leaves rather abruptly apiculate at the apex,
cordiite or eniarginate at the base.
Panicles 1^-2^ in. long . . . . 10. 7". Barteri.

Panicles 4-8 in. long . . . . 1\. T. Tholloni.

Leaves puberulous, pubescent or tomentose
beneath.
Leaves -i or more times as long as broad, not

cordate at the base . . . , 5. T. venosa.

Leaves 1^-3 times as long as broad.
Calyx quite glabrous.

Stem glat>rous ; leaves rounded at the

liase 8. T. nigritana.

Stem pubescent; leaves emarginate or

collate at the base . . .13. T. apiculata.

Calyx more or less puberulous hairy or
tomentose.
Stipulary line between the bases of tlie
petioles very thick and prominent,
with stout retiexed ami erect teeth . 12. T.Jloribunda.
Stipulary line slender or indistinct or
wanting, neither prominent nor
toothed
Panicles very lax, with very slender

branches; leaves whoiled . . T . T. verticillnta.

Panicles pyramidal, witli the flowers
more or less collected at the ends
of the branches.
Stem erect ; leaves opposite or
wliorled; petioles \~h in. long
Stem Climbing ; leaves opposite
petioles \-lh in. long

1. T^africana, X. E. Br. Stem twining, pale greyish-brown,
glabrous. Leaves distant, spreading, l|-4 in. long, J-V lin. broad,
Mibsessile, linear, acute, margins strongly involute, glabrous on botli
sides. Cymes axillary, or terminating sjiort axillary shoots that bear
:2-4: leaves, arising from both axils, loo.sely trichotomous, 1-1) in. long;
peduncle and branches of the cyme slender, glabrous ; bracts minute,
J-J lin. long, glabrous; pedicels U-2 lin. long, slqnder, glabrous.
Sepals J- J lin. long, deltoid-ovate, acute, glabrous. Corolla 5-lobed
almost to the base, rotate, about 4 ^ lin. in diam., white ; lobes 2 lin.
long, § lin. broad, linear-oblong, very obtuse, with revolute margins,
glabrous on both sides. Coronal-lobes filiform, trifid, erect in the lower
half, then abruptly bent inwards and divided into ;5 at the bend,
lateral divisions shortest, erect, middle one bent down and then

6.

T.

Welw

'fschii.

14.
13.

T.

T.

Kirkii S;
apiculata, vai

1
-.1

2C2 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (brown). [Tocazzea.

upwards, all filiform, tortuous and intermingled over the top of the
stamens and style ; the entire lobe 1^-1 J lin. long, the undivided part
rather more than h lin. long. Stamens about h lin. long; filaments
very short, about \ as long as the glabrous anthers, the lobules ajter-
nating with them very rudimentary and not forming a very evident
ring. — Pleurostelma africanum, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 303, t.
351, inaccurate; K. Schum. in Engl, ik Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr.
zum ii.-iv. 285. Schlechttrella africana, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. ii. zum ii.-iv. GO.

XHozamb. I>lst. Britisli East Africa : without precise locality, but, according
to the number, was probably collected between Maungu Mountain and Mbuyuui, in
Tiiita district, growing in red sand, Scott-Elliot, 6175 !

I can find no character to separate this plant from Tacazzea ; the coronal-lobes
may be conii)ared with those of T. venom, var. Martini, N. E. Br. except that they
:ire trifid instead of bitid. They are inaccurately described and figured in the
Journal of Botany.

2. T. volubiliSy N. E. Br. Stem climbing, stout, woody, more
or less branching, greyish-brown, with small scattered tubercles,
glabrous. Leaves and flowers fascicled on very short (2-G lin. long)
stout lateral branches. Leaves very shortly petiolate, ^-1 in. long,
2-3|- lin. broad, lanceolate- oblong, obtuse or subacute, cuneately
narrowed towards the base, subtomentose or velvety-pubescent on both
sides. Cymes subterminal on the short lateral branchlets, umbel-like,
3-4-flowered, subsessile or wqth peduncles, J-^i ^^°- ^^^o 5 pedicels
1-1^ lin. long, tomentose. Sepals |-1 lin. long, |-J lin. broad, ovate,
subacute, tomentose. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, rotate, 5| lin.
in. diam., quite glabrous; lobes 2J lin. long, IJ lin. broad, oblong,
obtuse, with a thick fleshy subquadrate sulcate tubercle at their base.
Coronal-lobes inserted at the base of the stamens at the sinuses of the
corolla, and connected in a ring at the base with the tubercles on the
corolla-lobes, 2 lin. long, simple, filiform, spreading in the basal part,
then inarched in a bold curve over the stamens, tortuous at the apex.
Filaments of the stamens J lin. long, glabrous, anthers h lin. long,
oblong, apiculate, glabrous, connivent or slightly cohering at their tips
over the very short conical apex of the st^le. Raj^hionacme voluhilisy
Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 302.

ZSast Tropical Africa. Kuwenzori Expedition, without locality or number,

Scott-Elliot !

This plant in no way resembles a Raphionacme, its structure and habit is entirely
that of Tacazzea.

3. T. pedicellata, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 115. Stem
somewhat quadrangular in the younger parts (in the dried state),
slightly scabrous, dark red-brown. Leaves with sparsely puberulous
petioles 3-5 lin. long; blade 2-4J in. long, i-lj in. broad, oblong-
lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate, rounded at the base, quite
glabrous on both sides ; veins numerous, horizontal, straight and
parallel, intramarginal vein about J line distant from the margin.

Tacazzea.] lxxxv. asclepiade.b (brown). i>(;;j

Cymes subsessile, very lax, 3-6-flowered ; pedicels U-S^ in. long,
slender, glabrous, with one or two pairs of bracts towards the ba.se ;
bracts ^^ lin. long, very broadly ovate, acute, with a few hairs on the
back. Sepals | lin. long, broadly ovate, acute, minutely ciliate, and with
a few minute hairs on the back. Corolla lobed nearly to the base ;
lobes ;^ lin. long, oblong, obtuse, with a short subrectangular fleshy
boss at their base. Coronal-lobes longer than the corolla-lobes, fili-
form, erect, tortuous. Lobules alternating with the stamens about as
long as the filaments and reaching to the gland of the pollen-carrior,
quadrate, truncate. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfum, iv. ii!
216; Durand tt Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 11)2.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Moubuttu; Munza, SchweinfuHh, 34^3'
3488 !

Var. j3 occidentalism N. E. Er. Stein terete or scarcely an<?ular, f,'ieyi.sli.
Leaves 2\-Z\ in. long, 1-1^ in. broad, broader in proportion to ilieir length tlian in
the type; veins more conspicuous, more reticulate, primary ones more distant ; iiitra-
marginal vein %-\\ lin. distant from the margin. Flowers as in the type, white.

Upper Guinea. Lagos : Eglessa, Milieu, 130 of 1893 collection !

4. T. rosmarinifolia, X. E. Br. Stem erect, terete, somewhat
woody, very minutely puberulous, with a brown bark ; internode.s J -1
in. long. Leaves in whorls of 3, spreading (or alternate and ascend-
ing) ; petiole 2-2 J lin. long ; blade ^^-'I'i (3-4|) in. long, U-2 (U-4)
lin. broad, linear, very acute and pungent-mucronate at the apex,
cuneate or slightly rounded at the base, glabrous, with minute fleshy
acute processes scattered along the midrib above, minutely white-
tomentose beneath, reticulately veined on both sides, narrowly
revolute along the margins. Cymes axillary, usually from 2 axils of each
whorl, ascending, puberulous, trichotomously branched, 11-15 flowered ;
peduncle \-l in. long, slender; branches 3-5 lin. long; bracts }>,-\
lin. long, lanceolate, acute ; pedicels 2-4 lin. long. Sepals J-1 lin. long,
^-J lin. broad, ovate, acute, puberulous. Corolla lobed to h lin. above
its base, quite glabrous ; lobes 2 lin. long, J lin. broad, oblong, sub-
obtuse. Coronal-lobes about J lin. long, stoutly subulate, acute or
obtuse, very thick and fleshy, incurved, inserted with the stamens at
the middle of the very short corolla-tube, but adnate up to the sinuses
of the latter; at their base are 2 small obtuse lobules embracing tiie
staminal filaments. Staminal-column about '^ lin. long ; anthers
connivent over the apex of the style, connate at their tips, glabroas. -
^Echmolepis rosmarini folia, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 493; K. Shum.
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 220.

Xiower Guinea. Angola : Amboella ; at the Nambali (Kubango) Hiver. 4<.)00
ft., Batim, 245 ! and without precise locality, Newton I Angola, without indication of
the collector, in Herb. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris f

The above description, with the exception of the few words and figures in
brackets, is made from the type specimen of Mchmolepis rosmarinifolia, Decnc,
kindly lent by the Director of the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. The few
words and figures in brackets are added from Baum's specimen, which only differs in
having alternate and rather larger leaves, a similar diflFerence occurs in T. WelicUschiit

2(14 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Tucazzea.

liaill. Decaisnc has erroneously described the coronal-lobes as i^agittate, I find
them as described al)0ve.

."). T. venosa, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 403. Stems apparently
erect, pubescent, becoming glabrous with age. Leaves petiolate,.
ascending; petiole \ in. long; blade 2J-5 in. long, J-lJ in. broad^
lanceolate, acute, subacute at th© base, glabrous above, tomentose
beneath. Panicles H— i in. long, glabrous in all parts; bracts
]-lJ lin. long, broadly ovate, acute; pedicels 2-8 lin. long. Sepals
^-V lin. long, broadly ovate, subobtuse or acute. Corolla lobed nearly
to the base ; lobes 2-3 lin. long, oblong or ovate-oblong obtuse. Coronal-
lobes filiform, tortuous, about \-\ as long as the corolla-lobes. Lobules
alternating with the stamens, half as long as the filaments, shortly and
obtusely bifid. Follicles 1|-2J in. long, 7-8 lin. thick, lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 32 ;
Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 341 ; K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl,
Pflanzenfam, iv. ii. 210. Periploca venosctj Hochst. ex Decne. in DC.
Prod. viii. 493.

xrile ]band. Galabat : Matamma district, 5'cAwei/j/'«r^A, 191 ! 192! Abyssinia:
Waldubba district, Steudner, 749 I Tig^re ; banks of the Kiver Tacazze, below
Jelajeranne, Schimj^er, 636 ! Begemeder ; Asraotsch, 5700 ft., Sc?idmper,1^4:'o\

Var. (i Martini, X. E. Br. Sei)iils very broadly elliptic or nearly circvdar, very
obtuse. Coronnl-lobes about as long as the corolla-lobes, flat and linear at the base,
divided 7,-i| of the way down into two filiform segments. — T. Marlini, Baill. in Bull.
Soc. Linn." Paris, ii. (1889) 808 (88 by error).

urile Xianda Nubia, Martin- Saint- Ange (ex Baillon). Galabat ; region of
]\Iataninia, Schweinfurth, 197 !

<;. T. Welwitschii, Iktill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. (1889) 807
(87 by error). Stems several from a thick rootstock, 4-7 ft. high, erect,
tomentose, rarely subglabrous on the older parts, ending in a long
inflorescence of paniculate cymes. Leaves opposite, whorled or occa-
sionally alternate ; petiole 3-7^ lin. long; blade l|—3i in. long, 1-2 in.
broad, oblong, elliptic-oblong, or occasionally obovate-oblong, rarely
ovate, obtuse, apiculate, cordate or rounded at the base, nearly glabrous
or shortly and sparsely hairy above, whitish tomentose beneath. Panicles
2-4 in. long, with very numerous flowers ; peduncles, pedicels, bracts
and sepals all densely hairy or subtomentose ; pedicels 3-G lin. long ;
bracts 1^ lin. long, ovate, acuminate. Sepals 1 lin. long, broadly ovate,
acute. Corolla lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 3 lin. long, narrowly
oblong, obtuse, blackish-purple, veined. Coronal-lobes exceeding the
corolla-lobes, about 3^- lin. long, erect, filiform, tortuous in the upper
part, adnate at their base to the lower half of the filaments, which are
united with the alternating shortly bifid lobules into a ring or short
tube. Follicles acuminate, diverging, slightly incurved, tomentose. —
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. C78.

liOwer Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andougo ; in thickets between Luxillo and
Cazella, Welwiisch, 4208! Qiiilanga, Wehvitsch, 4210! Huilla ; in the sandy
wooded thickets of Catumba, Wehoilsch, 4209 ! Amboella ; by the Kubango River,
near Chirambn, 3900 ft., Baiim, 276 !

2'acazzea.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 205

This lias been distributed from Berlin as T. rerticillata, K. Schuin., from which
it is quite distinct, the intloi'escenoe being widely different.

7. T. verticillata, A'. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 115. Stems
puberulous, bscoming glabrate. Leaves verticillate ; petiole 2^-4 lin.
long; blade 1-2^ in. long, ^-Ijin. broad, ovate-oblong or oblong, obtuse
and muoronate or shortly acuminate at the apex, rounde<l or truncate
at the bajse, glabrous above, pale greyish-tomentose beneath, both sides
reticulate. Panicles ;)-4i in. long, very hix, in whorls of three along
the terminal part of the stem, the lower in the axils of leaves, the
upper with the leaves reduced to small bracts ; bracts of the panicles
-i-1 lin. long, ovate, acute, pubescent; pedicels slender, 3-5 lin. long,
puberulous, as are also the slender branches of the panicle. Sepals
|- lin. long, ovate, acute, puberulous. Corolla rotate ; lobes 2^-;> lin.
long, linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute, with narrowly revolute margins,
glabrous. Coronal-lobes filiform, erect, o-3i lin. long, adnate at their
base to the lower half of the filaments, which are united with the alter-
nating shortly bifid lobules into a ring or short tube. — K. Schum. in
Engl. cV: Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 21 G.

Iio-wer Guinea. Xear Kitanxbn, Biichner, 612 !

Kitauiba is stated to be in Gaboon in the original description, this ajjpears to be
an error, and probably Kitamba on the Kiver Kuango, in Angola, is intended.

8. T. nigritana, X. E. Br. in Kpau Bulletin, 1895, 248. Stem
glabrous. Leaves spreading ; petiole |- lin. long; blade 2J-3 in. long,
lO-lo lin. broad, oblong, slightly narrowing towards the shortly cuspi-
date-acute apex, obtuse at the base, glabrous above, covered with a
short close pubescence beneath. Panicles 2 in. long, pedunculate, quite
glabrous in all parts ; peduncles |-| in. long; pedicels 2-^) J lin. long;
bracts ^— J lin. long, broadly ovate, obtuse, deciduous. Sepals I lin.
long, broadly ovate, subacute, glabrous. Corolla lobed nearly to the
base ; lobes 2-2^- lin. long, glabrous. Coronal-lobes 3 lin. long, filiform,
erect, tortuous, adnate at the base to the lower half of the filaments,
which are united with the alternating shortly bifid lobules into a
short tube.

Upper Guinea. Lower Niger : Aboh, Barter^ 486 !

1). T. conferta, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 247. Stem
minutely puberulous on the younger parts, becoming glabrous. Leaves
spreading, petiolate ; petiole I in. long, puberulous ; blade 2^-4 in. long,
1-1| in. broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, subacute or
rounded at the base, quite glabrous on both sides. Panicles corymb-
like, subsessile or with a peduncle up to ^ in. long; branches 1-2^ in.
long, ending in a raceme of 3-7 secondary peduncles ^-1 in. long,
which bear small clusters of (1-8 flowers ; biacts 2-1 lin. long, broadly
ovate, acute, brown, glabrous ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long, and, like tlie
peduncles and branches of the panicle, minutely puberulous. Sepals
-J-1 lin. long, broadly ovate, obtuse or subacute, minutely ciliMte.

^60 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). {Taca:^zea.

Corolla lobed nearly to the base; lobes 2-2J lin. long, broadly oblong,
very obtuse with a small apical notch. Coronal-lobes 2;J-2J lin. long,
rather stout, filiform, inrolled in the upper part, very shortly connate
at the base. No lobules alternating with the filaments.
Nile Xiand. Abyssinia: Efat, Roth (154) 407!

10. T.Barteri, Baill in Bull Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. (1889) 808 (88
% error). Stem twining, more or less pubescent. Leaves spreading,
petiolate ; petioles J-J in. long; blade 1^-3 in. long, |-1J in. broad,
jilmost exactly oblong, obtuse, shortly apiculate, subcordate at the base,
quite glabrous on both sides. Panicles 1-2J in. long, pubescent at
the base of the peduncle, otherwise glabrous ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long,
glabrous ; bracts J lin. long, ovate or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, glabrous.
Sepals J lin. long, broadly ovate, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla lobed
nearly to the base ; lobes 3-3 J lin. long, narrowly oblong, obtuse,
glabrous, pale yellow. Coronal-lobes 4 lin. long, filiform, erect,
tortuous, adnate at the base to the lower half of the filaments.
Lobules alternating with the stamens, nearly as long as the filaments,
subquadrate, shortly bifid. Follicles 2 in. long, h in. thick at the base,
tapering to a rather stout point.

Upper Guinea. Niger Territory : Xupe, Barter, 1086 !

liaillon describes tlie leaves as " not cordate, rounded at tbe base," but in tlu'
specimen at Kew tliey are decidedly more or less deeply notched at tlie base.

11. T. Tholloni, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Liym. Paris, ii. (1880) 807 (87
% eo'ror). " Entirely glabrous. Leaves oval-cordate, often apiculate,
pale and strongly veined beneath. The lateral inflorescences are very
compound, with the principal divisions opposite, 4-8 in. long. The
subulate scales of the corona are very long and very narrow, folded
upon themselves in the bud, united into a ring at the base. The
summit of the style, above the pentagonal dilation, presents a capitellate
and two-lobed cone."

Zio-wer Guinea. Congo, Brazza, 507.

I have not seen this species, the above is a translation of the description given,
from which it would appear to be something like T. apiculata, but glabrous.

12. T. floribunda, K. Schnm. in Engl. Jahrh. xxx. 381. Stem
twining, puberulous in the young state, minutely tuberculate. Leaves
petiolate, spreading; petiole |-1| in. long, with a pair of glands or
tieshy processes at its apex ; blade 4-6 in. long, 2 J-4 in. broad, elliptic
or elliptic-ovate, shortly cuspidate-acute or apiculate, broadly rounded
at the base, glabrous or with a few minute scattered hairs above, puberu-
lous or downy beneath, scarcely tomentose; midrib without fleshy
processes along its upper side. Stipulary line very distinct, thick and
projecting, with short stout reflexed and erect teeth. Panicles axillary,
5-7 in. long (or larger?), rather lax, with very spreading branches \\-
4 in. long, somewhat trichotomously divided, tomentose or minutely

Tacazzea.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 267

velvety and minutely tuberculate ; bracts J-IJ lin. long, lanceolate,
acute, puberulous ; pedicels 2-4 lin. long, minutely tomentose.
Sepals 1 lin. long, | lin. broad, broadly ovate, acute, minutely tomen-
tose and ciliolate. Corolla rotate, lobed nearly to the l)ase ; lobes
2-'2h lin. long, lJ-1^ Hn. broad, oblong, obli<iuely bilobulate at the
apex, glabrous, minutely papillose on the inner face. Coronal-lobej^
'2h-o lin. long, ^ lin. broad at the base, stout, lanceolate-linear tapering
to a filiform tortuous apex ; alternating lobules subquadrate, emar-
ginate, infiexed.

Wile Iiand. Uganda : Ruwenzori district ; Kivata, in forest, 6000-8000 ft.,
Scoif -Elliot, 7(388 !

XMEozamb. Slst. German East Africa: Usafua; on the Xirosi or l*or.)to
Mountains, 7200 ft., Goetze, 1289!

Allied to T, apiculata, Oliv., but witli larger leaves, well marked stipules, a
different pubescence, and much stouter and sbortor coronal-lobes.

13. T, apiculata, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. los, t. 7-.
•Stem twining, more or less pubescent or tomentose. Leaves spreading ;
petiole J-1 J in. long ; blade 2-5 in. long, l-:>^- in. broad, oblong or
elliptic-oblong, obtuse, broadly rounded or emarginate and shortl}'
cuspidate-apiculate at the apex, emarginate or cordate at the l)ase,
glabrous above, whitish and densely puberulous or veiy minutely tomen-
tose beneath. Panicles '2\-^) in. long, more or less pubescent on the
lower part of the peduncle, elsewhere glabrous ; bracts ^-1 lin. long,
ovate, obtuse, glabrous ; pedicels 3-1) lin. long, glabrous. Sepals
■| lin. long, broadly ovate, obtuse, brick-red, glabrous. Corolla lobed
nearly to the base ; lobes 3 lin long, oblong, obtuse, red, glabrous.
Coronal-lobes b lin. long, filiform, erect, tortuous in the upper part,
adnate at the base to the lower half of the filaments, which are
united with the alternating shortly bifid lobules into a short tube.
Follicles 2^-3 in. long, T) lin. thick at the base, tapering gradually to a
point, glabrous, horizontally diverging, not retiexed. K. Schum. in
Engl, (k Prantl, Pflanzenfam- iv. ii. 217, fig. G-1, L ; in. Engl. PH.
Ost.-Afr. C. 320; in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 454 ; and in Ann. Istit. Bot.
Roma, vii. 3G. T. apiculata, Oliv. var. glabra, K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. 110 in a note, and in Engl, t Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. ii.
210.

wile Iiand. Somaliland : near the River Genom, Biva, 1093 (ex Schumann).
White Nile: near Gondokor.), Speke 4' Grant J at Kaiia, Sc/itctiofurf/i, 9G1 ! nnU
at Fashoda, Schweiufnrth, 1070! Blue Nile, Muriel, L, 17! Jnr: Jur (iliuttas.
Schweinfurth, 1958! Boii^'o : Ngoli (X.yoli), Schweinfurth, 4075! I'^randa :
Madi ; on tlie banks of the Madi Stream, Speke tj' Grant, 711 !

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Ukami ; in L^outh Ulu«;uru, 3CKX) ft.,
Goetze, 223 (ex K. Schumann).

Var. /3, benedict a, Scott-Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 91. Leaves varyin-
from oblong-lanceolate or ovate and acute or acuniiuate, to elliptic-oldong and very
obtusely rounded and shortly mucromite at the apex, rounded or cordate nt the base,
srlabrous above, wbitisb-tomentose beneath with much longer hairs than in the tvpe.
Panicle rather more compact than in the type. Calyx sometimes with soujc minute
hairs on the basal part.

268 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Tacazzeu..

Upper Guinea. French Guinea : Sulimaiiia ; by the River Dantilia, Scott-
Elliot, 5269 I Cameroons : Sanaga, Zenker, 1448 !

This variety, accordintf to Scott- P^l Hot, is called " Wak wange" by the natives,
wlio rub the powdered leaves on the skin to destroy "crawcravi'" or itch. It may,
perhaj)S, ratlier belonoj to T. Kirkii, than to T. apiculata since the more compact
panicles and longer pubescence are as in T. Kirkii, but until tlie follicles are known
1 leave it where Scott-Elliot has placed it.

14. T. Kirkii, K. E. Br. in Keio Bidleihi, 1895, 248. Stem twin-
ing, more or less tomentose. Leaves spreading ; petioles J-lJ in. long ;
blade lJ-4 in. long, 1-2J in. broad, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, very
obtusely rounded or emarginate and shortly cuspidate-apiculate at the
apex, cordate or obtusely rounded at the base, glabrous above, whitish-
tomentose beneath. Panicles 2-4 in. long, more or less pubescent or
subtomentose ; bracts 1-H hn. long, broadly ovate, acute, more or
less hairy down the middle on the back; pedicels 1^-4 lin. long,
usually with a few scattered haii^s upon them. Sepals 1 lin. long,
broadly ovate, acute, more or less pubescent with spreading hairs,
Corolla lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 2J lin. long, oblong, obtuse,
glabrous. Coronal-lobes 4 lin. long, filiform, sometimes bifid at the
apex, erect, tortuous in the upper part, adnate at the base to the lower
half of the stamens, which are united with the alternating, shortly
bifid lobules into a ring. Follicles 1^-2 1- in. long, 3^-4 J^ lin. thick
at the base, gradually tapering to a point, slightly reflexed, tomentose
or softly pubescent. — Leptop(Hia, Harv. Gen. South Afr. PI. ed. 2,
231.

Mozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; near Tete, Kirk !
at Lupata, ^t>>t .' British Central Africa: Boruma, on the Zamhes], Menj/harth,
833!

Also in Xatal, Gerrard, 1796. upon which the genus Lepiojpoetia, Harv. was
founded, but no speciiic name given ti> it.

T. Kirkii very closely resembles T. apiculata, Oliv. (of which it may be only a
variety), but differs in its more compact panicles, shorter pedicels, hairy calyx,
tomentose reflexed follicles, and the much longer haiis which form the pubescence
on the underside of the leaves. See also note under T. apiculata, var.
benedict a.

10. RAPHIONACME, Harv. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI.

ii. 475.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube distinct, campanulate (almost want-
ing in R. sjylende'iis) ; lobes 5, erect, spreading or reflexed, often with
two narrow ridges on their basal half, overlapping to the left and more
or less twisted in the bud. Corona of 5 free entire bifid trifid or
tripartite lobes, inserted at or upon the base of the staminal filaments,,
above the middle of the corolla-tube or at its mouth, alternating with
the corolla-lobes. Stamens inserted above the middle or at the mouth
of the corolla-tube ; filaments free ; anthers adhering to the style

Jiaphionacme.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (uiiowx). i>(;<j

at their base, conniving in a cone, and connate at tlieir tips.
Pollen granular. Style " not exceeding the anthers, conical at the
apex. Follicles often solitary by abortion, short or long, lanceolate,
fusiform, or linear-terete. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Herbs
with tuberous rootstock, often furnished with an elongated woody nec-k ;
juice milky. Stem herbaceous, usually dwarf, simple or branched,
rarely twining. Leaves opposite. Flowers small or of moderate size
in few- or many-fiovvered cymes or clusters, terminal, or in the forks
of the stem, or subaxillary from one axil, rarely from both. — Aj)oxyan-
thera, Hochst. in Flora, 184:5, 78. ZuccheUla, ]3ecne. in ])C. Prod. viii.
492. Zaczatea, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. (18sO) sOd (nG by
error) ; and Hist. PI. x. 295. Rhwphiacme, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xvii. 117. liajjhiacme, K. Schum in Engl. & Prantl, PHanzenfam. iv.
ii. 220.

Species 18-20, natives of Tropical and South Africa.

In the structure of its flowers this genus is nearly related to Tacazzea, from
which most of the species may be distinguished by the presence of a distinct (but
sometimes short) campanulate tube to the corolla, or failing tliat, by the iiitlor-
escence being terminal or from one axil only of Citch pair of leaves, ;ind by tlie much
dwarfer more herbaceous habit. The ridges on the base of the corolla-lobes pro-
bably represent another coronal whorl in a rudimentary state ; in some cuses they
appear to be directly continuous with the bise of the staminal-filaments. NN'hen the
coronal-lobes are tritid, the lateral teeth are sometimes clearly seen to originate out-
side of the longer middle tooth and perhaps represent an exterior whorl of jirocesses
although usually more or less combined with the more developed middle tooth.

Corolla-lobes 7-10 lin. long ; infloi'escence terminal.
Coi-onal-lobes rectangular, tritid, with the middle

tootli longest, subul ite or filiform . . .I.E. rjrandi flora.

Coronal-lobes ovate at the ba>e, tapering to a long

acuminate point . . . . . . 2. Ii. linearis.

Coronal-lobes tiliform '6. R. splendens.

Corolla-lobes 2-4 lin. long.

Flowers in a terminal globose head; leaves narrow . 4. Ji. glolosa.
Flowers in a terminal corymbose cyme ; leaves broad 5. R. a/itjoie/isis.
Cymes axillary and terminal, longer than the sub-
tending leaves or bracts, arranged along the
terminal part of the stem and its branches,
forming a rather large paniculate or corymbose
inflorescence, coronal-lobes simple, filiform.
Stamens 2i lin. long, § as long as the coronal-
lobes; corolla-h)bes 3^-4lin, long . • 6. R. jurensi.s-.
Stamens 1-1 1 lin. long, not half as long as the
coronal- lobes.
Corolla-lobes Sk lin. long . . . . 7. R. excisa.

Corolla-lobes 2-2h lin. long . . . . S. R. Rroicnii.

Cymes axillary, shorter than the subtending leaves.
Flowers in dense subglobose many -flowered clus-
ters . . . . . . . 9. R. irehcitschii.

Flowers in small shortly branched cymes.

Coronal-lobes linear-lanceolate, bifid at the

apex .....•• 10. R- lanceohita.

270 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.^ (brown). [Raphio7iacme,

Coronal-lobes 3-5- (rarely 10-) fid, the middle
tooth lonj^est, filiform or subulate.
Leaves ll-S in. long.

Leaves linear or strap-shaped; stems erect ll. E. longifolia.
Leaves broad, oblong or obovate-oblong ;

stems twining 12. i2. denticulata.

Leaves T,-li in. long, lanceolate ; stems

twining 13. i?. Loandce.

1. R. grandiflora, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 111. Stem
10-12 in. high, simple (always ?), more or less hairy. Leaves rather
few, the lower rather crowded, l|-o in. long, ^-1 in. broad, obovate
or elongate-obovate, obtuse ; the upper distant, 4-4J in. long, \-l in.
broad, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, all acutely narrowed at the
base into a very short petiole, hairy on both sides or on the nerves
and margins only. Peduncles 1-2, terminal or subracemose at the
top of the stem, 2-o- flowered ; bracts 3-5 lin. long, linear or subu-
late, hairy ; pedicels 4-7 Hn. long, hairy. Sepals 3-4 lin. long,
lanceolate-attenuate, hairy. Corolla ]| in. in. diam., glabrous ; tube
campanulate, \ in. long ; lobes 7-8 lin. long, 3-4 lin. broad, oblong or
ovate-oblong, subobtuse, with two parallel fleshy ridges on their basal
half. Coronal-lobes arising at the mouth of the corolla-tube, 5 lin. long,
erect, rectangular, 3-toothed, lateral teeth short, middle tooth linear,
about as long as the rest of the lobe, with two minute teeth in
front of it at its base. Anthers large, triangular with a horny
callosity on each side at their base, their tips connate in a blunt cone
over the rather large conical apex of the style. — Raphiacme grandiflora,
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 425, and in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 221.

nXozamb' Sist. British Central Africa : Niomkolo near Lake Tanganyika,
Carson, 5 of 1890 collection ! Nyasaland; near Blantyre, Last !

2. R. (Rhaphiacxne) linearis, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii.
117. Stems erect, 20-24 in. high, simple, leafy, puberulous. Leaves ses-
sile, -i-OHn. (usually 3-J-4i in.) long, lJ-2 lin. broad, linear, attenuate-
acuminate, margins revolute, puberulous, scabrid above. Flowers large,
in a terminal few-flowered scorpioid raceme. Bracts linear or subu-
late. Pedicels J-2 in. long, puberulous. Sepals 4J-5 lin. long,
lanceolate-triangular, acuminate, puberulous. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed
nearly to the base, lobes 8-10 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, puberulous
outside. Coronal-lobes 4-4^ lin. long, about 1 J lin. broad at the ovate
base, thence tapering to a long acuminate point. Anthers sagittate,
3 J- lin. long, filaments i lin. long. — Raphiacme linearis, K. Schum. in
Engl, ct Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 217, fig, G4, M— N & 221.

IiO-wer Guinea. Angola ; Malange, Mechoiv, 359 partly.
Var. /3 g-lal>ra, K. Schum. in JEngl. Jahrh. xvii. 118. Glabrous in all parts.
Iiovrer Guinea. Angola: Kitamba, on the River Kuango, Buchner, 569;
Malange, Mechow, 359 partly.
I have not seen this species.

Raphionacme.] lxxxv. AscLEPiADEiE (brown). 271

o. R. splendens, Schlechter in Joiirn. Bot. 1H95, 301. Stem
erect, simple, G-8 in. high, minutely puberulous# Leaves distant, the
two or three lower pairs reduced to mere rudiments or scales, the upper
broken off in the specimens seen, their short remains (petioles?) linear
subterete, velvety. Flowers few (3-4 on the specimens seen), larf,'e[
arranged in a lax terminal cyme, erect ; pedicels about 1 in. long|
puberulous. Sepals 1-1 i lin. long, J lin. broad, ovate, acuminate!
puberulous, minutely ciliate. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base ; tube
exceedingly short, j-1 lin. long; lobes 0-lOj lin. long, 3-:5i lin.
broad, oblong, obtuse, reflexed, puberulous outside, glabrous within
bright rosy-purple with whitish margins. Coronal-lobes arising from
the base of the staminal filaments, 1 in. long, erect, filiform, very
shortly and broadly dilated at the base, simple or bifid at the apex,
glabrous. Filaments of the stamens 2^ lin. long, abruptly dilated at
the base, where they are transversely oblong, thick, fleshy, and com-
plicately 2-keeled on the inner side, glabrous; anthers 3 lin. Ion*'
linear, glabrous, connivent over the tapering angular apex of the
style, and connate at their tips. Pollen -carriers with a deeply biiid
lanceolate blade.

East Tropical Africa. Without locality, Scott-Elliot !

This species is remarkable for its very few leaves, and large flowers. There are
no lateral lobules to the coronal-lobes as described by Schlechter, who has evidently
mistaken the base of the staminal filaments for coronal-lobes, the latter are quite
simple, or occasionally bifid at the apex.

4. R. globosa, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 118. Stem erect,
simple, puberulous, leafy nearly to the apex. Leaves distant,
2J-5J in. long, J-J in. broad, on petioles 1-2 lin. long, elongate-
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, minutely pubescent and slightly rou^h
to the touch. Flowers in terminal globose heads | in. in diam.,
on peduncles J-lJ in. long; bracts 1-2^ lin. long, subulate or
filiform; pedicels l-lj lin. long, pubescent. Sepals 2-2J lin. long,
subulate from an ovate base, puberulous, ciliate. Corolla-tube
2-2\ lin. long, campanulate, with 5 small pockets within at the base,
lobes '2h lin. long, spreading, very minutely puberulous outside, white.
Coronal-lobes arising at the mouth of the corolla-tube, divided into
three filiform segments, the middle one 2 lin. long, the lateral about
1 lin. long. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. G79. Raphiacnie
ylohosa, K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 221.

Xjower Guinea. Angola: Malange, ilfec^ow, 327 ! Huilla ; in thickets near
Lopollo, Wehritsch, 4178 :

5. R. angolensis, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 248. Stems
1-2 ft. high, branching or simple, erect, or decumbent in the lower part,
purplish, pubescent with short curved hairs, as are also both sides of
the leaves, peduncles, pedicels, bracts, calyx and outside of the corolla.
Leaves 1-2 J in. long, ^-Ij in. broad, on petioles 2-7 lin. long, elliptic
or elliptic-oblong, about equally obtuse at both ends, or sometimes sub-
acute at the base, "somewhat fleshy" [Wdwitsch). Cymes terminal,

272 Lxxxv. AscLEPiADE/E (brown). [Raphtonaciue.

corymbose, 3 ^,-2 in. in diam,, many- flowered ; pedicels 2-() lin.
long; bracts subulate, 1-U lin. long. Sepals 3J-2 lin. long, lan-
ceolate, acuminate. Corolla-tube campanulate, 2 lin. long; lobes
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4 lin. long, with two short sub-
parallel fleshy ridges upon their base, violet-purple. Coronal-lobes
arising at the mouth of the corolla-tube, 2}j lin, long, subulate, erect,
scarcely exceeding the anthers. Stamens with broad linear fllaments
^^J in. long, and narrow linear-oblong anthers of about the same length,
connate at their tips. Young follicles tomentose. — Hiern in Cat.
Afr. PI. Welw. i. G7H. Rciphiacme anyolensis, K, Schum. in Engl, ct
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. li. 220. Zucchellia anyolensis, Decne. in DC.
Prod. viii. 492. Zaczatea angolensis, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris,
ii. (1889) HOC) (80 by error) ; and Hist. PI. x. 2!j.") ; K. Schum. in Engl.
^ Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 221.

Itower Guinea. Angola: Piiiigo Aiuloiigo; on the liiglier rocks of tin-
Pr;L'sidium, Welwilsch, 4201 ! 4202 !

G. R. jurensis, X. E. Br. Plant 1-1 -J ft. (or more?) high.
Stem minutely puberulous, brown. Leaves not seen fully developed,
those on the flowering part of the stem reduced to linear rudiments,
1-] \ lin. long, densely puberulous. Flowers from the axils of the upper
part of the plant or axillary and terminal, solitary or in pairs or on
2-:)-flowered puberulous peduncles, which are really the branches of a
sessile cyme. Bracts minute, \ l^'^- ^^"o5 ovate or lanceolate, brown,
puberulous. Pedicels o-5 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals -| lin. long,
r-;",- lin. broad, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, puberulous. Corolla
thinly puberulous outside, glabrous within, grey-violet (Broun) ; tube
2 lin, long, campanulate ; lobes 3J-4 lin, long, IJ lin, broad, oblong,
subobtuse, very spreading or probably reflexed. Coronal-lobes inserted
with the stamens at the sinuses of the corolla, shortly adnate to
the base of the filaments, filiform, 3|-4 lin. long, erect, tortuous at the
tips, without lateral teeth at their base, but alternating with them at
the middle of the base of the corolla-lobes are 5 small fleshy tubercles,
Stamens much exserted, | as long as the coronal-lobes ; filaments 1 J lin.
long, broadly dilated at the base and rather broad in the upper part
where attached to the dilated part of the style ; anthers 1 lin. long,
deltoid- oblong, obtuse, connivent in a cone over the apex of the style,
glabrous. Poll en- carriers Ij lin. long, spathulate, with the claw part
tubular, open down the outer side, and the apical part expanded into a
flat elliptic obtuse entire blade. Style much exserted from the corolla-
tube, slightly shorter than the anthers, slender in the lower part,
abruptly dilated in the upper part into a narrow cone 1 J lin. long.

irile Iianda British East Africa : Jur ; between Jur and Wau Rivers, Broun !

7. R. excisa, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 301. A dwarf erect
herb G-8 in. high, corymbosely branched ; branches puberulous.
Leaves few and distant, spreading or ascending, IJ-IJ in. long,

Raphionacme.'] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 273

about IJ lin. broad, linear, subobtuse, narrowed at the bfuse into a
petiole ^-1 lin. long, nearly glabrous above except along the midrib
and margins, puberulous beneath. Peduncles lateral and terminal,
J-l| in. long, compressed, puberulous, dichotomously 2-flovvered, form-
ing a terminal lax corymbose inflorescence ; pedicels J-J in. long,
puberulous. Sepals J lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, very acute, sparsely
puberulous. Corolla-tube 1 lin. long, subglobose, constricted at the
mouth, with 10 depressions on the upper half {2 at the base of each
lobe), glabrous ; lobes H lin. long, 1-1 J lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, glabrous on both sides, minutely rugulose outside, apparently
longitudinally folded. Coronal-lobes ;> lin. long, filiform, erect and
tortuous or somewhat incurved at the apex, arising from the very
shortly dilated fleshy base of the staminal filaments. Stamen** about
1\ lin. long.

East Tropical Africa. Without locality. Scott-ElUot !

The ori<rinal description of this plant is very inaccurate, I find that the con)n\l-
lobes have no lateral intiexed lobules whatever.

8. R. Brownii, Scott-?Jlliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 01.
Bootstock tuberous. Stem branching, a foot or more high, with long
internodes, minutely puberulous. Leaves sessile, t-IJ in. long, \-\
lin. broad, linear-filiform, subobtuse, the uppermost reduced to \evy
short subulate bracts. Inflorescence terminal, lax, composed of 2-3 pairs
of opposite cymes on each branch, which are 4-0 flowered, unilateml,
and ultimately elongate into racemes 1-1 i- in. long, minutely papillose-
puberulous in all parts ; bracts -|-1 lin. long, subulate ; pedicels 4-7
lin. long, slender. Sepals |-1 lin. long, h lin. broad, ovate, acute.
Corolla campanulate ; tube 1^- lin. long; lobes ^^-2^ Hn. long, 1-1 J
lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse and more or less cochleate at the
apex, glabrous inside, pink. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the
stamens, 2|^-3 lin. long, subulate, papillate-puberulous. Stamens
1 lin. long, with the basal half of the filaments very broad, trans-
versely oblong, very abruptly contracted into the short filiform upper
part ; anthers ovate-triangular, connivent, with minute cylindric free
appendages at the apex about \ as long as the anthers. Follicles erect,
not at all divergent, 5-6 in. long, about 2 lin. thick, linear-terete, sub-
torulose, with a slender attenuate apex, minutely puberulous.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : on dry schistose rocks near Falaba, Scott-
Elliot, 5179!

Raphiacme hrowneana, Schlechter, Westafr, Kautschuk-Exped. 308, from hills
near Quamikrum, in Togo, Schlechter, 12956, may be intended for the above species.
I have nob seen it, and there is no description.

9. R. Welwitschii, Schlechteo' d' Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1806, 07.
Tuber depressed-hemispherical, 3-5 in. in diam. Stems 2-2J ft. high,
erect or twining, puberulous. Leaves in 5-6 distant pairs on each
stem; petiole 2-3-J lin. long; blade 1-H in. long, 5-10 lin. broad,
obovate-oblong, very obtuse, rounded or subcuneate at the base, Boftly
velvety on both sides, whitish beneath. Flowers in dense axillary

274 Lxxxv, ASCLEPiADKE (hjic)Wn). Y^iaphiovaciiie.

subglobose sessile many- flowered clusters ; pedicels about 1 lin. long,
tomentose. Sepals 1 lin. long, J-jj- lin. broad, broadly ovate, obtuse,
tomentose. Corolla-tube about 1 lin. long ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 2-2|
lin. long, IJ-liT li^- broad, glabrous on both sides. Coronal-lobes
arising from the base of the staminal filaments, trifid to the base ; side
teeth or lobes J lin. long; middle lobe lJ-2 lin. long, nearly J lin.
broad at the base, flat, subulate-attenuate. Filaments of the stamens
J lin. long, linear-oblong, shortly dilated at the base ; anthers ovate,
with short obtuse appendages, connivent. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw.
i. 678.

&ower Guinea. Angola : Ambaca ; in thickets between Halo and Zamba,.
Welwitsch, 4234 !

10. R. lanceolata, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenh. xxx.
263. Entire plant pubescent with minute curved hairs. Rootstock
with a long woody and tortuous neck about 4 lin. thick, producing
annual branching terete stems 9-12 in. high. Leaves |-2 in. long,
2-6 lin. broad, on petioles 1-3 lin. long, lanceolate, acute or subacute,
the pubescence sometimes very sparse on the upper surface. Cymes
axillary, shorter than the leaves, 3-7-flowered ; peduncles 1-4 lin.
long; pedicels 1^-4 lin. long; bracts 1 lin. long, subulate. Sepals
1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute. Corolla-tube \\ lin. long, lobes about 2|-
lin. long, Ij-l J lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, greenish stained with mauve
at the tips, outside rather densely pubescent, inside glabrous. Coronal-
lobes arising at the mouth of the corolla-tube, twisted and connivent
over the staminal column, concealing it, 2-3J lin. long, lanceolate, bifid
at the apex or occasionally entire, basal part erect, apical part first
abruptly bent inwards and downwards then erect, greenish. Stamens
very abruptly and very shortly dilated at the base of the filaments ;
anthers oblong, connivent, apiculate.

Jtovrer Guinea. German South-west Africa : Ovamboland ; Omukangua,
Schinz, 168 ! Omandongo, Schinz, 167 ! Okasima Ka Namutenya, Schinz !

Var. /3 latifolia, N. E. Br. Leaves 1^-2 in. long, ^-1^ in. broad, varying from
narrowly oblong or lanceolate to elliptic or elliptic-oblong, subacute, rounded or
subcuneate at the base.

nXozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Bechuanaland ; in the northern
Kalahari desert, near Chukutsa Salt-pan, 3000 ft., Lugard, 260 ! Rhodesia :
Buluwayo, Band, 284 ! Ngamiland ; Kwebe Hills, 3200 ft,, Mrs. Lugard, 7l I
Kwebe, Lugard, 69 ! 98 ! Lake Ngami, Chapman !

According to Captain Lugard, the plant grows to ti height of 1-3 ft. and has
milky juice.

11. R. longifolia, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 110. Stems
4^10 in high, erect, simple, pubescent with minute curved hairs, as are
also the leaves, peduncles, bracts, pedicels, calyx, and outside of the
corolla. Leaves 5-8 pairs to each stem, 1 J-8 in. (usually 3-6 in.) long,
including the 2-4 lin. long petiole, 2-6 lin. broad, varying from linear
to linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, usually subobtuse, sometimes
bluntly apiculate. Cymes axillary, rather dense and many-flowered ;

liaphionacme.] lxxxv. asclepiadk.*: (buuwn). 275

peduncles 1-2 lin. long; bracts J-I lin. long, lanceolate, acute;
pedicels l-;^> lin. long. Sepals j lin. long, ovate, acute. Coiolla-tube
1 lin. long, campanulate ; lobes 2^-3 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, gla-
brous within, green. Coronal-lobes arising at liie mouth of the coiolla-
tube, tripartite; lateral segments ^-IJ lin. long, varying from narrow
deltoid-lanceolate to subulate, middle segment 2-2A lin. long, subulate
erect, tortuous at the apex. Stamens with filiform filaments very

shortly dilated at their base; anthers oblong, connate at their tips.

Raphiacme lonyifolia, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 42.**, and in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 221.

Mozamb. Bist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Slnrc Valley ; on Monimltiila
Mountain, 1900-2000 ft., A^rA-./ British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Manganja
Hills, Kirk!

12. R. denticulata, iV^. E. Br. Tuber growing to G in. in diam.,
depressed. Stem 2-3 ft. long, twining, minutely velvety-pubescent.
Leaf-pairs 4-0 in. apart, spreading; petiole 7-13 lin. long, lather .stout,
velvety-pubescent; blade 3|-C in. long, 1J-3J in. broad, ohlong or
obovate-oblong, obtuse at the apex, rounded or cuneately narrowed
into the petiole at the base, velvety-pubescent on both sides, dark green
with paler veins above, pale green beneath. Cymes axillary, 2-lC-
flowered, velvety-pubescent; peduncles 1-H lin. long; pedicels lJr-2
lin. long. Sepals small, \-\ lin. long, and nearly as broad, broadly
ovate, obtuse, pubescent, dull purplish-tinted. Corolla-tube 1^-1-^ lin.
long, 1^-2 lin. in diam., campanulate, glabrous ; lobes fleshy, .*> lin. long,
lf-2J lin. broad, ovate or oblong, obtuse, reflexed, with recurved
margins, so as to present a convex upper surface, puberulous outside,
minutely papillate within, dull purple with an olive-green area at the
apex. Coronal-lobes 2 J lin. long, erect ; basal half 2 lin. broad, trans-
versely oblong, with two thick keels inside ; apex abruptly produced into
a central subulate point, and the lateral angles each with 2 (or rarely 4)
small subulate teeth, purple-tinted throughout or olive-greeft in the
upper part, purple at the base. Filaments of the stamens dull purple ;
anthers ovate, apiculate, connivent over the apex of the style, white.
Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Mahon !
Described from a plant cultivated at Kew. It is allied to E. scandetis, N. V.. Hr.,
hut has larger leaves, larger flowers and very different coronal-lobes.

13. R, Loandae, Schlechter <£• Rendle ex Iliern in Cat. Afr .I'l. Wdm.
i. 679. A sparingly lactescent herb. Rootstock somewhat wootly.
Stem twining, about 18 in. long, somewhat branched in the specimen
seen, minutely pubescent. Leaves i-1^ in. long, 1^-4 lin. broad, sub-
sessile or on petioles up to 2 lin. long, lanceolate (" narrowly ovate-
elliptic or obovate," Iliern)^ obtuse, cuneate at the ba.se, rather thick,
imdulate on the margin, shortly pubescent on both sides, but more
densely so beneath. Cymes small, axillary, not exceeding the leaves,
shortly pedunculate, pendulous, 3-6-flowered ; peduncle 1-2 lin. long,
recurved, pubescent; pedicels H-2i lin. long, pubescent. Sepals 1^

27(J Lxxxv. AscLEi'iADE.t: (biiown). [Icap/iionacme.

lin, long, ovate-lMiiceolate, acuminate, pubescent on the back. Corolla
only seen in the bud; tube 2 lin. long, campanulate; lobes '2-'2}, lin.
long, ovate, -subacute, pubescent outside, glabrous within. Coronal-
lobes arising at the insertion of the stamens, purplish, filiform, with a
short deltoid tooth on each side at the base.

Ziower Guinea. Anofola : Loanda ; on di-y liilly places near lioa Vista, not
far from tlu; sea, Wclwilsch^ 4274 !

Tlu' s))ecimen is in bud only, and the open Howors may exceed the dimensions
g'ivoi above.

11. SEOAMONE, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Ph ii. 746.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla small, rotate or campanulate, 5-lobed to
the iniddle or beyond ; aestivation variable ; lobes with fleshy sul>
marginal ridges and often a central one on their basal half, which are
decurrent on the tube within. Corona of 5 small or minute simple
laterally flattened or subulate lobes, arising from the staminal column.
Stamens arising from the bottom of the corolla; filaments adnate to
the style but scarcely connate with each other, or only at the very base ;
anthers small, erect or connivent around the dilated part of the style,
terminated by fimbriate membranous appendages which seem sometimes
to be connate. Pollen masses 20 (10 in all other genera except Toxo-
carpus and the Periplocece), very minute, globose, attached in fours to
the rather soft pale-coloured pollen-carriers, without caudicles. Style
usually produced beyond the dilated part and often exserted beyond the
anthers ; apical part (beyond the dilation) terete or clavate, obtuse,
broadly truncate, bilobulate or bifid. Follicles acuminate, smooth.
Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Climbing shrubs ; leaves opposite,
often pellucid-dotted ; cymes axillary and terminal ; flowers small.

Species many, widely spread through the tropical regions of the Old World, ex-
tending into South Africa.

The flowers of all the species here described, except S. erythradenia and S. gracilis,
are very similar in structure, and the ridges on the corolla-lobes being common
to them all are not mentioned in the descriptions. Mention of the dots in the leaves
is also omitted, as they are not always visible in diiferent specimens of the same
species, or even in different leaves on the same specimen; they are formed of minute
crystals of lime.

The figures of the pollinia of Secamone in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
262, fig. 76, E. & J., are not to be relied upon, the relative position of the pollen-
carrier and pollen-masses being entirely erroneous, and of the other few figures that
have been published, not one, so far as I have seen, is correct. They are exceedingly
minute and therefore appear to have been badly observed.

Besides the species described below, reference should be made to CynaiicTium
microstegium, K. Schum., and Gymnema crenatum, Klotzsch, which, from the de-
scriptions, may, I think, prove to belong to Secamone.
Corolla-tube \-l\ lin. long, at least § as long as the
lobes ; peduncles or cymes l-o-flowered.
Young shoots and pedicels glabrous . . . . 1. S. gracilis.

Young shoots and pedicels reddish-pubescent . . 2. S. erythradenia.

Secamone.] lxxxv. asc lepiade j? (brown). 9-7

4. S. Alpini.

Corolla-tube \-h lin. long, never exceeding half the
length of the lobes; flowers in simi)k'or i)aniculate
cymes.
Corolla pubescent witliin ....

Corolla glabrous within and without.
Leaves linear.

Style scarcely exserted beyond the anthers

cushion-like at the top . . . .' 14. S. fr,(esceus.

btyle djstinctly exserted beyond the anthers;
Mpical i)art obconic-chivate or broadly

Leaves ovate, lanceolate, elliptic or oblong.

Leaves retuse at the apex, with an apiculus in

the notch . . •* v ^»/. „

Leaves acute or obtuse, but not notched at the
apex.
Flowering-branchlets, as well as the cymes,
distinctly i)ubescent or subtomentosc with
spreading hairs.
Young leaves glabrous on both sides or with

only a few hairs on the midrib beneath 11. S.foribtinda.
Young leaves pubescent beneath or on both
sides.

Leaves 1^-2.] in. long ; pedicels 2-4 lin.
lon^ ....

12. S. WJnitei

VOL. IV

Leaves ^,-f in. long; pedicels ^-f li

^«"^ • • • . " . . 13. ^. Stuhlmanni.

Howering-branchlets glabrous, but the cymes
sometimes pubescent. (In S. zamhesiaca
the rtowering-branchlets have two obscure
thinly pubescent lines along them, but
the minute hairs .are adpressed, not
spreading.)
Style not exceeding the anthers . . 0. is. mi/Hifolia.

Style distinctly exserted beyond the
anthers.
Cyuies (in the dried state) usually about
^ (rarely }) in. in diam., with sub-
umbellate branches or flowers.
Style clavate-obconic or broadly dilated
at the top; leaves lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate . . .15. S. pxiirfuhi/a.

Style terete or nearly so in the ai>ical
part.
Leaves lanceolate, acuminate . 16. 6'. mombnsica.

Ijeaves orbicular or elliptic, obtuse

or acute, apiculate . . .17. iS. Schn-einftirthii.
Cymes \-lh in. in diam.

Eranches of the cyme ascending or
somewhat clustered : style cylin-
dric, not dilated at the to^) nor
deeply bifid.
Leaves broadly ovate, thin, submem-
branous.
Leaves acute; pedicels 1-2 lin.

long 18. iS". zjvihrsinca,

K

278 j.xxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (].iio\\n). \^,St a nioue.

Leaves long-pointed, pedicels 2-3 i

lin. long .... 19. S. Kirkii,
Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, acute,

, sube^riaceous , . . . 9. <S. iisambanca.

IJiMnches of tlie cyme widely spreading.
►Stvle divided nearly to the middle of
the ajiical part into 2 subulate
acute lobes . . . . 8. S. leonense.

Style distinctly thickened or dilated
at the top of the apical part.
]iranches of the cyme distinctly
pubescent.
Leaves li-2^ in. long; cymes

1-14^ in. in diani. . . 5. S. ])latystigma.

Leaves ^-1^ in. long ; cymes

^—\ in. in diani. . . 7. S. micrandra.

liranches of the cyme glabrous . 10. S. sansiharieiusis.

1. S. gracilis, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 189."), 248. A slender
.scrambling or climbing shrub, quite glabrous in all parts. Bianchlets
much ilivided, very slender. Leaves shortly petiolate, 4-8 lin. long,
2—4 lin. bioad, oblong, obtuse, rounded or subcuueate at the base,
membranous. Flowers few ; peduncle 1 lin. long or less, 1- or rarely
2-flowered ; pedicels o lin, long, very slender. Sepals less than i lin.
long, ovate or oblong, obtuse or subacute. Corolla 2 lin. long, white or
yellowish, campanulate, r)-lobed to rather more than half way down,
thin and membranous, with a membranous flap forming a pocket at the
base of each sinus between the oblong obtuse lobes and a slender ridge
running fiom the base of the pocket to the bottom of the corolla-tube.
Coronal-lobes nearly or quite as long as the staminal-column, falcate,
erect. Style protruded much beyond the anthers ; apical part broadly
obconic, subtruncately bilobed.

XTile Iiand. British East Africa : Mombasa, Wakefield !

2. S. erythradenia, K. ScJmm. in Evgl Jahrh. xvii. 141. A
climbing shrub, clothed with a minute rust-coloured pube^icence on the
young shoots, petioles, midribs and inflorescence. Leaves shortly
petiolate, ^-1 in. long, 2^-0 lin. bread, ovate or lanceolate, acute,
rounded at the base, glabrous on both sides except the midrib, yellowish-
green beneath. Cymes laxly 2-r)-flowered ; peduncles 1-1 J lin. long;
pedicels 2-:) lin. long, bracteate at the base ; bracts ^-1 lin. long,
lanceolate, acute. Sepals 1 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. Corolla
white; tube ^\ lin. long, campanulate; lobes spreading, 1^ lin. long,
oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes exceeding the stamens, falcately incurved
over the anthers. Style protruded much beyond the anthers; apical
part ovoid-clavate, shortly bifid. Follicles immature in the specimens
seen, 2^ in. long, 2 lin. thick at the base, attenuate-terete, smooth,
slightly reflexed. — Engl, t PrantI, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.- 202, fig. 76,
F— J, and 20:]; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. CSl.

Ziower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in wooded jjarls or ]Morro do L()i)oll(),
Welarif.u-h, 5941 !

Secamoae.^ Lxxxv. asclepiade^ (huown). 279

3. S. retusa, X. E, Br. m Kew Bulletin, lis'JO, 248. A scrambling
or climbing shrub, glabrous in all parts Leaves coriaceous, pale
beneath, \-'> in. long, 7-10 lin. broad, oblong or obovate-oblong, retuse
or emarginate, with a short apiculus ; base subcuneate; margins revolute ;
petioles l-lj lin. long. Cymes few, axillary, pedunculate, laxly 2'-;i
times dichotomously branched ; branches {-\ in. long, slender, distantly
2-o-flowered ; bracts J lin. long, ovate, acute ; pedicels U-2 lin. long,
slender. Sepals h Hn. long, elliptic, obtuse. Corolla 2 lin. in diam.,
rotate-campanulate, lobed to J of the way down ; lobes oblong, obtuse.
Coronal-lobes minute, deltoid-subulate, spreading, shorter than the
stamens. Style protruded much beyond the anthers ; apical part broadly
obconic, truncately 2-lobed.

Mozamb. X>ist> Zanzibar, Kirk !

4. S. Alj^ioiySchuU.inJioeiii.djSchult.Sust. Vey.\'\. I'l'o {txcl.si/n.
^Secamone, Alpin. ^Eiji/jyt. (ed. 1(;4()) lo^, and l:;>4 Jiy.). A scrambling
shrub. Stem woody, glabrous or with a rust-coloured deciduous pubescence
on the very young parts. Leaves subcoriaceous ; petiole 1-4 lin. l(jng ;
blade h-'2h in. long, |-1 in. broad, oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, obtu.se,
acute, or shortly acuminate, acute or cuneately rounded at the base, gla-
brous on both sides in the adult state, rusty-puberulous when very young.
Cymes in terminal or axillary, pyramidal or coryraobose panicles, .', I ^
in. long and broad, and excluding the corolla rusty-puberulous or .sul>
glabrous in all parts ; peduncles ]-| in. long ; bracts ^ lin. long,
ovate, acute; pedicels H--i lin. long. Sepals I lin. long, ovate, obtuse
or subacute. Corolla l|-2 lin. in diam., glabrous outside, pubesct-nt
with white hairs inside; tube scarcely ^ lin. long; lo.bes spreading,
g-J lin. long, ^ lin. broad, oblong-ovate, sulmcute or minutely and
obliquely emarginate at the apex. Coronal-lobes about J lin. long,
subulate, incurved over the tips of the anthers. Style about eciuailing
or slightly exceeding the anthers, apical part stout, truncate. Follicles
widely divergent or slightly reflexed, o-4 in. long, about 1^ lin. thick,
subterete, tapering to a rather long point. Seeds \ in. long, J lin.
broad, linear-lanceolate, channelled down the face, very convex on the
back, blackish-brown, glabrous, crowned with a tuft of long white hairs.
— S. Thunberyii, E. Mey. Comm. 2'2l ; Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 5Ul ;
K. Schum. in Engl. &, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 2(l;5. Beri/ilocu
JSecamone, Linn. Mant. Alt. 21G, excl. both synonyms ; Thunb. Prodr. 17,
and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. '2o'o,

BKozamb. Bist. British Central Africa: Nvasalaiicl; Mount Malos:i, 4(if»-
6000 ft., }F/ii//c ! Mount Zoniba, 4000-5000 ft., Whi,te !

Also in South Africa.

As tlio above quoted specimens are without fruit, tlie follicles ami si-et's arc
described from South African exani])les. The species is easily recognised ly the
flowers being pubescent inside.

The Egyptian plant described and figured by Aljuiio has been niisundersto<Ki by
all authors. Linnaeus & Schultes wrongly refer it to this plant, which is not kn<»wu
to occur north of the Equator and was unknown to Alpino. iJecaihue refers it to
Oxystelma Alpini, Decne., a somewhat remarkable error, as Aljiino's figure bears no

2H0 Lxxxv. AscLEPiAUE.'E (liiiowN). [jSeccimone.

resemblance to thnt phint. The figure in question is a fairly good one for that
period and is undoubtedly a representation of Leptadenia heterophylla, Decne.
The plant described by ^^clmltes as Secamone Alpini is characterised in such an un-
mistakable manner that is is quite evident the descrijjtion was made entirely from
the South African, without reference to the Egyptian plant of Aljuno.

5. S. platystigma, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 143. A
glabrous climber. Leaves 14— 2 J in. long, J-l;|in. broad, shortly petio-
late, varying from lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, acuminate, rounded or
broadly cuneate at the base. Cymes usually numerous, axillary and
terminal on lateral shoots, many-flowered, J— 1 J in. in diam., more or
less clothed with minute incurved rust-coloured hairs ; branches widely
spreading; peduncles J-lJ in. long; bracts J lin. long, ovate, obtuse,
minutely ciliate; pedicels 1-1 J lin. long, glabrous. Sepals |-1 lin.
long, broadly ovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate. Corolla rotate-cam panu-
late ; lobes 11 lin. long, twice as long as the tube, oblong, obtuse,
glabrous or with a somewhat velvety surface within, but not pubescent.
Coronal-lobes reaching nearly to the tips of the anthers, falcate, in-
curved. Anthers more or less bearded or laciniate at the apex. Style
protruded much beyond the anthers ; apical part stout, ovoid-clavate,
two-lobed or rarely entire. — K. Schum. in Engl, tk Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 202, fig. 7G, K-L, inaccurate ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. ('»81 .
Toxocarpus africanus, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. lOD, t. 118, fig. A.

urile Iiand. British Kast Africa : Unyoro; \u Wnckeis, Speke Sf Grant !

jMO'weT Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto; in dense forests near Cambondo,
Welwitsch, 5935 ! 5944 I forests of Sobato Cabanga Cacalunga, Wehmisch, 5936 I
at Ndelle, V, ehoitsch, 5943 ! forests of Quilombo Qui'acatubia, Wehvitsch, 5945 1
Sobato de Mussengue, Wehvifsch, 5946 ! Pungo Andongo, Wehvitsch, 5947 !
Mechow, 92 (ex Schumami).

The plate of Toxocarjms africanus, Oliv., is inaccurate as to the open flowers on
the plant, and also as to the analyses, for the type specimen is only in very young
bud, with the corolla not even exserted from the calyx. So far as the specimen
goes, it agrees with Secamone platy stigma, K. Schum., but further material is
required to make the identification certain.

6. S. xnyrtifolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 45o. Stem glabrous
climbing. Leaves spreading, coriaceous, glabrous ; petiole 2-o lin. long ;
blade lJ-2^ in. long, i-lj in. broad, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong,
acute or acuminate, obtusely or cuneately rounded at the base. Cymes
numerous, many-flowered, \ in. in diam., arranged in small axillary and
terminal pedunculate panicles 1-J-2J in. long, f-1 J in. in diam., pubes-
cent with minute rust-coloured hairs on the peduncle and branches ;
bracts ^ lin. long, ovate, acute or obtuse ; pedicels \-\ lin. long, usually
with 1-3 bracteoles. Sepals elliptic-ovate, obtuse. Corolla 1-li lin. in
diam., rotate-campanulate, 5-lobed to | of the way down, glabrous,
greenish. Coronal-lobes minute, compressed, deltoid-subulate, incurved
or subfalcate, -J lin. long, arising near the base of the staminal-column,
which is J lin. long and slightly enlarged above. Style not produced
beyond the anthers. — K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 2:)4, and in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 262. aS'. Afzelii, K. Schum. in Engl.

i^ecamone.'\ lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.t (urown). 2s1

Jahrb. xxiii. 234. Apocynum frutescens, Afzel. Ilemed. Guin. 28.
Ichnocarpus Afzelii, Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. iv. ;:>00.

Upper Guinea. SeuegMiiibia : Ml)idieui, Thierri/, 58! Gold Coast: Ahnii
Hills, Johnson, 442 ! Cape Coast Cjistlf, I'ogcl, 29 ! Lagos : Abcokuta, Irrliirj, 12 !
Ikiri, J/i7/ew, 51 ! and without jnvcise locality, J///^ew, 1211 Camerooiis : Hipindo,
Zenker, 1052 ! Yaunde, Zenker, 1495 !

iMOwer Guinea. GmIjoou Rivei-, Mann, 937 !

7. S. micrandra, J{. Schum. in Kiujl. Jahrb. xvii. 14i\ Stem
climbing, slender, glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, \-\\ in. long,
li-G lin. broad, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or rarely ovate, acute,
obtuse or rounded at the base. Cymes numerous, small, J-J in. in diam.,
pedunulate, axillary and terminal on short latend glabrous shoots,
several-flowered, rusty-pubescent on the 3-5 lin. long peduncle and its
widely-spreading branches; bracts \-h lin. long, ovate, acute; pedicels
^-1 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals I lin. long, ovate, obtuse, glabrous.
Corolla 2-2i lin. in diam., rotate-campanulate, a-lobed to r! of the way
down, " bright yellow, sweet-scented ' {Monteiro). Coronal-lobes arising
towards the base of the staminal -column and about half as long, com-
pressed. Anthers not bearded at the apex. Style distinctly protruded
beyond the anthers ; apical part slightly clavate. Hiern in Cat. Afr.
PI. Welw. i. 081.

Kower Guinea. Angola: AmWv/., Monteiro ! (ioluniro Alto; iu dense foie.st.>>
in Sobalo Quilou)l)0, Welioitsch, 5942 !

8. S. leonense, N. E. Br. Stem climbing, glabrous, with the
exception of some minute red hairs in the axils of the leaves. Leaves
spreading, shortly petiolate, 1-1^ in. long, O-D lin. broad, ovate, acute
or acuminate, cuneately rounded at the base. Cymes axillary, or
terminal on short lateral glabrous shoots, or in small panicles 1-1^.
in. long, usually about | in. in diam., trichotomous, with widely spread-
ing branches, which are minutely reddish-pubescent ; peduncles .'J-G
lin. long; bracts J-J lin. long, ovate, obtuse; pedicels \\ lin. long.
Sepals J lin. long, ovate, obtuse. Corolla 2i-;> lin. in diam., glabrous,
apparently yellow; tube not longer than the sepals; lobes \\ lin. long,
oblong, obtuse, spreading. Coronal-lobes minute, J as long as the
staminal-column. Anthers slightly hairy at the apex. Style protuded
J lin. beyond the anthers ; apical part very slightly thickened upwards,
divided nearly to the middle into 2 subulate acute lobes. — Toxocarjivs
leonensis, *S'cott-Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 02.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Su<?ar Loaf, Scott-EUiof, 5773 I

9. S. usambarica, K. E. Br. Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves
spreading, thinly coriaceous ; petiole 1 1-2 lin. long ; blade ^'-1 4 in. long,
5-10 lin. broad, oblong or oblong-ovate, acute, rounded at the base,
glabrous on both sides; secondary lateral veins scarcely or not at all
visible on either side. Cymes axillary, about i in. in diam., lax, few-
flowered, with ascending branches; peduncles 2-3J, lin. long, glabrous;

2S2 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (bkown). [Secumone,

bracts about f lin. long, ovate, subobtuse, ciliolate ; pedicels 1 J
lin. long, glabrous. Sepals i lin. long, elliptic, obtuse, minutely
ciliate. Corolla about 2 lin. in diam., glabrous ; tube about ^ lin. long ;
lobes I lin. long, elliptic-oblong, obtase. Coronal-lobes njinute, com-
pressed, falcate-oblong, obtuse, reaching to about J- the height of the
staminal-column. Style shortly exserted beyond the anthers; apical
part cylindric, obtuse, not at all dilated at the top. — S. etnetica, var.
ylabra, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfi. Ost.-Afr. C. 324.

ZMCozaxnb. Sist. Geruian East Africa: Usambara; Masheua, Hoist, 3555 !

Probably Stuhlmann, 7356, collected in German East Africa, should be refei*red
to this species ; it closely reseaibles Hoist's specimen in leaves and flowers, but the
young shoots and peduncles are thinly covered with minute adpressed hairs, which
are not present in /i'. usambarica.

10. S. sansibariensis, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 325.
Branches slender, glabrous. Leaves very shortly petiolate, f-2 in. long,
3|-7 lin. broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
papyraceous^ Cymes axillary and terminal on short lateral shoots, lax,
^-h in. in diam., with spreading branches, several-flowered, glabrous.
Sepals % lin. long, and nearly as broad, oblong-ovate, obtuse, glabrous,
minutely ciliate. Corolla about 2^ lin. in diam., rotate-campanulate ;
lobes |-1 lin. long, twice as lo»g as the tube, oblong, obtuse, glabrous.
Coronal-lobes minute, linear, subobtuse, reaching to about the middle
of the anthers, which are glabrous and not bearded or laciniate at the
apex. Style protuded for J lin. beyond the anthers, apical part
abruptly dilated into a large, fleshy, subbilobed head, nearly J lin. in
diam.

XVIozaznb. Dist. Zanzibar, Stuhlmann, Coll. i. 533 ! 490! 573! 572 and 772
(ex Schifinanii).

11. S. floribunda, X. E. Br. Stem more or less twining, pubes-
cent on the young branches with short spreading rust-coloured hairs.
Leaves shortly petiolate, 1-1 ;j in. long, 4-G lin. broad, lanceolate,
shortly acuminate at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous on both sides
or with a few hairs on the underside of the midrib ; somewhat glaucous
beneath. Cymes shortly pedunculate, corymbose, |-1 in. in diam.,
many-flowered, not dense, clothed in all parts (except the corolla), with
a shoit rust-coloured villous pubescence ; bracts | lin. long, ovate,
acute; pedicels li-- lin- long- Sepals h lin. long, ovate, obtuse,
ciliate. Corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate, 2 lin. in diam., 5-lobed
to 4" of the way down, glabrous. Coronal-lobes minute, compressed,
falcate-subulate, arising from the basal half of the staminal-column.
Style not produced beyond the anthers.

Mozaxnb. Bist. German East Africa : Usniawo ; Kageyi on the south of
Lake Victoria, Fischer, 396 !

This is similar to S. Whytei, N. E. Br., but the loaves are smaller, different in
texture and glaucous beneath whilst the style is not produced beyond the anthers
as it is in iS. Whi/feL

>'^'ecamo/ie.] i^xxxv. AscLEriAOE.t: (brown). 283

12. S. Whytei, iV. A\ Br. in Kew Jhdletin, l>;'.)s, 308. Stem
twining, with a rust-coloured spreading pubescence in the young siatf,
becoming glabrous; bark reddish-brown. Leaves shortly petiolatc,
1^-2-^ in. long, 4-|-10 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the
apex, slightly rounded or acute at the base, at first pubescent on both
sides with rust-coloured hairs, at length glabrous above or on botli
sides. Cymes about 1 in. in diam., corymbose, compound ; divisions
with peduncles 1-8 lin. long, 2-;Miowered, or again dichotomously
or teinately branched ; all parts except the corolla clothed with short
spreading lust-coloured hairs ; bracts |-J lin. long and broad, ovate,
acute; pedicels 2-4 lin. long, slender. Sepals j lin. long, h lin.
broad, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Corolla 2 lin. in diam.,
glabrous; tube i lin. long, campanulate ; lobes spreading, -^' lin. long.
h lin. broad, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes minute, erect, falcate-subu-
late, as long as the anthers and incurved over their tips. St^le exserted
much beyond the anthers ; apical part globose, puberulous.

Mozamb. I>ist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Malosa, 4000-
6000 it., Whyte !

lo. S. Stuhlmannii, K. Schum. in Euijl. Pji. Ost-Afr. C. 32o.
Branches softly tomentose with minute brownish haiis on the young
parts. Leaves small, rarely more than 7-8 lin. long, 'i].-^\ lin. broad,
ovate, acute, somewhat rounded at the base, puberulous on both sides ;
at length nearly glabrous above. Cymes 2-o lin. in diam., compact,
about 5-G -flowered, very shortly pedunculate, all parts except the corolla
subtomentose like the stem ; bracts |-^ lin. long, lanceolate, acute ;
peduncles and pedicels ^-| lin. long. Sepals ^-j lin. long, oblong,
obtuse. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes | lin. long, live
times as long as the tube, elliptic-oblong, obtuse and slightly cochleate
at the apex, dark brown in the dried state, with rather broad whitish
semitransparent margins, glabrous. Coronal-lobes minute, erect, subu-
late, half as long as the staminal-column, or rather more. Anthers
connate by their tips around the style, not fringed or bearded at theii-
apex. Style slightly exceeding the anthers; apical part broad and
cushion-like with a transverse groove. — K. Schum. in Engl, it Tnintl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 202.

Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Karairwe ; Katuio, UHJU ft., Sltihl-
manii, 1894 !

14. S. frutescens, JJecne. In DC. Prod. viii. .")(>1. A twimng
shrub with slender woody stems, glabrous in all parts. Leaves shortly
petiolate, J-U- in. long, h-'2 lin. broad, linear or oblong-linear, acute or
obtuse, mmutely apicufate, acute or rounded at the base. C^yme.-^
compact, umbel-like, 3-4 lin. in diam., lateral or terminating short
lateral shoots; peduncles h-\h lin. long; bracts minute; peilicel>
1-2 lin. long. Sepals scarcely h lin. long, ovate or ovate pblong, obtu.se,
very minutely ciliolate. Corolla r)-lobed to '^ of the way down ; lobes .-,
lin.^long, I lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Coronal-lobes muiuU-,

284 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^E (brown). [SecamOiie.

compreysed-quadrate, adnate to and scarcely half as tall as the staminal-
column. Style truncate, just exserted beyond the anthers, like a
minute cushion. Follicles o in. long and about | in. thick, subterete,
acuminate, smooth, glabrous. — Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xx., Beibl.
51, 12; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfani. iv. ii. 2G2.

Alozaznb. Dist. Tropical Transvaal; mountains near T>acoma (Jacoma?),
3600 ft., Schlechter, 4540.

Described from South African specimens, I liave seen no Troi)ical example.

15. S. punctulata, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 502. Stem climbing^
slender, glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, 1-2^^- in. long, 4-10 lin.
broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse and apiculate,
rounded or sub-cuneate at the base, glabrous on both sides. Cymes smaM,
axillary and terminal on short lateral shoots, which often become leaf-
less at the flowering nodes, shortly pedunculate, ^-J in. in diam., mode-
rately compact, with very short bubumbellate branches ; peduncles
1-4 lin. long, nearly glabrous or with a few minute spreading reddish
hairs; bracts -h lin. long, ovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate ; pedicels
J-1 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals ^ lin. long, broadly ovate, obtuse.
Corolla 1| lin. in diam., sub-campanulate, 5-lobed to ij the way down,
glabrous. Coronal-lobes erect, reaching to the base of the anthers.
Style exserted much be}ond tlie anthers; apical part clav^ate-obconic
or broadly dilated at the top. — K. Schum. in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. o24.

nXozamb. I>ist. Pemba Island, Bojer ! German East Africa : Zauquebar,
Kirk 1

Var. /3 stenophylla, N. E. Br. Leaves 1:^-2^ in. lorg, l|-3 lin. broad, linear or
linear-oblong', acute, rounded at the base. — ^S". stenophylla, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl.
Ost-Afr. C. 325.

nXozamb. I>lst. German East Afiica : Usanibara; Masheua, Hoist, 3510!

1 find no distinction besides the form of the leaves between S. stenophylla and
S. punctuluta, and the Zanqutbar specimen is intermediate between tlie two.
The name punctulata refers to the dots often visible in the leaves ; they are foi-med
by crystals of lime.

16. S. xnombasica, N. E. Br. Stem climbing, with slender
straight flowering-branches, glabrous. Leaves spreading, thin : petiole
lJ-2 lin. long; blade |-1 Jin. long, 2i-(; lin. broad, lanceolate, more or
less acuminate, glabrous on both sides. Cymes axillary, small, ^-4 lin.
in diam., umbellately o-G-flowered ; peduncles 1-2 lin. long, glabrous;
bracts minute, ovate, obtuse, ciliate ; pedicels 1-1 i lin. long, glabrous.
Sepals about J lin. long, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, ciliolate. Corolla 2 lin.
in diam., glabrous, white ; tube \ lin. long ; lobes spreading, 1 lin. long,
oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes compressed, broadly falcate, obtuse,
reaching to the middle or | of the height of the staminal-column. Style
shortly exserted beyond the anthers ; apical part cylindric, obtuse.

ITile Ziand. British East Africa : near Mombasa, llihlehrandt, 1979 !

17. S. Schweinfurthii, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 143.
Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves thin; petiole |-1-J lin. long; blade

ibecaitione.

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE.E (bROWN). 285

l-\\ in. long, :U-10 lin. broad, varying from elliptic to orbicular, usu-
ally about equally acute or obtuse at both ends, apiculateor very shortly
sub-cuspidate, glabrous on both sides; secondary lateral veins' evident
only on the underside, but not very conspicuous, reticulate. Cymes
axillary and terminal on short lateral glabrous shoots, pedunculate, com-
pactly o-C)- flowered, |-l in. in diam. ; peduncles U-G lin. long, more or
less puberulous ; bracts J-^ liu. long, ovate, obtuse, ciliate''; pedicels
1-U lin. long, glabrous. Sepals ^ lin. long, oblong-elliptic, obtuse,
ciliate. Corolla 2 lin. in diam., glabrous; tube J lin. long, campanulate •
lobes spreading 1-1^ lin. long, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes minute,'
subfalcate, erect, not reaching to the top of the staminal-column. Style
shortly protruded beyond the anthers ; apical part terete or very slightly
clavate, minutely bilobulate. Follicles widely divergent, glabrous, only
seen in a young state. — K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. -Vlh.
GynxneAWi parvifoluim, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. ;>42.
Wile Xiand. British East Africa : Bongo; Kulongo, Schweinfurth, 2232 I
Mozamb. Dist. Gcn-mau East Africa : Kilimanj iro, 5000 ft., Ju'tnt/on !

18. S. zambesiaca, Schlechter in Joarn. Bot. 1805, :>03. Stem
twining, with two thinly and minutely adpressed-pubescent lines alon^
the flowering shoots, becoming glabrous. Leaves thin ; petiole 2-?* lin.
long ; blade l^-lf in. long, f -1^ in. broad, broadly ovate, acute, broadly
rounded at the base, glabrous on both sides ; secondary lateral veins
evident beneath, reticulate. Cymes axillary and terminal, about ;V in.
in diam., o-8-flowered. with ascending branches ; peduncles usually
3-4 lin. long, those of the terminal cymes less, puberulous down one
side ; bracts J-J lin. long, ovate, subobtuse, minutely ciliate ; pedicels
1-2 lin. long, thinly puberulous on one side. Sepals i lin. long, elliptic-
ovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate. Corolla about 2 lin. in diam., glabrous ;
tube J lin. long ; lobes 1 lin. long, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes fal-
cate, acute, reaching nearly to the top of the staminal-column. Style
shortly exserted beyond the anthers ; apical part cylindric, not thickened
at the top, subacute. Follicles 3|-3J in. long, 2-2J lin. thick, terete,
tapering to a long acute point, glabrous, very spreading or slightly
reflexed,

Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; by the River Shire at
Chiromo, Scott-Elliot, 2803 ! and near Chikwawa, Kirk !

The pubescence on the flowering shoots is very obscure and easily overl-xiked
unless examined with a powerful lens; it soon falls off and in fruit tlie shoots are
glabrous.

19. S. Kirkii, N. E. Br. in Keio Bulletin, 1895, 248. Stem
twining, glabrous. Leaves thin, scarcely coriaceous; petiole lJ-2
lin. long; blade 1J-2J in. long, -j-lj in. broad, broadly ovate, loog-
acuminate, rounded or very broadly cuneate at the base, glabrous on
both sides; secondary lateral veins very conspicuous on both sides,
reticulate. Cymes axillary or terminal, lax, about J in. in diam., few-

286 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE.E (bROWX). [SeCfO/lOue.

flowered, with ascending branches; peduncles li^-G lin. long, glabrous;
bracts h lin. long, ovate, subobtuse, minutely ciliate ; pedicels 2-3-J-
lin. long, glabrous. Sepals elliptic-ovate, obtuse or subacute, minutely
ciliate. Corolla 2-2-| lin. in diam., .alabrous ; tube }^ lin. long; lobes
1 J lin. long, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes compressed, falcate, reaching
nearly to the top of the staminal -column. Style shortly exserted beyond
the anthers ; apical part cylindric, not at all dilated at the top.
Mozamb. Sist. German East A frica : Zitnqxiehar, Kirk !

12. TOXOCARPUS, Wight and Arn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.

PI. ii. 740.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla deeply r)-lid ; tube very short, campanulate
or shortly turbinate-campanulate ; lobes spreading, longer than the
tube, overlapping to the right and straight or twisted to the left or to
the right in bud, and having two thickened ridges or bosses at their
base. Corona of 5 dorsally flattened lobes arising from the back of the
staminal filaments, alternating with the corolla-lobes. Stamens arising
from the bottom of the corolla ; filaments adnate to the style, but not
connate with each other or only at the very base ; anthers small, erect
or conniving around the style, with a minutely fimbriate submembranous
border. PoUen-maf^ses very minute, ascending, apparently 2 to each of
the pale, rather soft, quadrate pollen-carriers, but each apparently
single mass usually consists of 2 subcx)nnate often separable (or
occasionally perfectly consolidated) masses. Style produced beyond the
anthers into a beak. — Twiners with opposite leaves and axillary cymes
or racemes of small or moderate sized flowers. — Rhynchostigma, Benth.
in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 771.

Species several, mostly natives of Tropical Asia and the Malay Arcbii^elago.
Dr. Schumann has united Torocarpus with Secamone, whilst he maintains
Rhynchostigma as distinct. But in this I cannot agree with him, for Rhyn-
chostigma and Toxocarpus are certainly identical. On the otlier hand the dorsally
flattened coronal-lobes, combined pollen-masses, usually larger flowers, and rather
different habit oiToxocarpus, appear to me suflScient grounds for retaining it as dis-
tinct from Secamone. In its pollen-masses Toxocarpns forms a connecting link
between Secamone with its 4 very distinct pollen-masses and those genera having
but 2 pollen-masses. For in Toxocarpus the 2 pollen-masses contained in each lobe
of the anther are (at least in the dried state) more or less united into one body, the
double nature of which (when evident), is only indicated by a faint suture, although
the two parts can sometimes be separated by the dissecting needle. This, being
overlooked by Bentham, caused him to found a genus on the African species,
which he placed in the tribe of Marsdeniece, with which these plants have no
affinity, their whole type of structure being in entire agreement with the Indian
species of Toxocarpus. Dr. Schumann makes no mention of the dorsally flattened
coronal-lobes or of the structure of the pollen-masses.

Flowers racemose, or 3 on the toji of the peduncle . 1. T. racemosus.

Flowers in short cymes.

Corolla 5-6 lin. in diam. ; lobes twisted in the

bud . . . . . . . . 2. T. Irevipe^.

Corolla 3.]-4 lin. in diam.; lobes not twisted in the

bud . . . . . . . . 3. 7^. parvijlorus.

Toxocarpus.] lxxxv. asclei>iade.k (hikaw). 287

1. T. racemosus^ ^\ E. Br. Glabrous in all parts, bteiu t\viMiii(,r.
Leaves spreading; petiole 5-9 lin. long; blade '2},-4^ in. long, 1-].', in.
broad, coriaceous, oblong, rather abruptly contracted into a somewhat
obtuse cusp about J in. long, rounded or cuneately rounded at the base,
revolute along the margins; midrib acutely inominent in a channel
above, prominent and rounded beneath; veins almost horizontallv
spreading, straight, parallel, indistinct. Racemes axillary, },-i\ in. lonj:,
leafless, with 1-3 distant pairs and a terminal flower or occasionallv
with more flowers, and bearing leaves at the lowest nodes; bracts J-1
lin. long, ovate, acute or obtuse, disarticulating just above the b;ise •
bracteoles similar to the bracts, persistent; pedicels 4-7 lin. loni:. witli
4-5 pairs of bracteoles. Sepals 1 lin. long, oblong or ovate-oblon<>^
obtuse, minutely ciliate. Corolla ^ in. in diam. ; tube Ih-'J lin. Ion"
turbinate-campanulate, with 2 small thickened bosses alternating with
the lobes at the top; lobes 2 lin. long, recurved -spreading, oblong,
obtuse, with revolute margins, minutely ciliate at the apex. Coronal-
lobes 1 J lin. long, erect, much exceeding the anthers, linear, more or
less channelled down the face, obtuse, truncate, incurved and slightly
hooded or slightly dilated at the apex. Style exserted for IJ lin.
beyond the anthers; apical part slender, attenuate. — lihi/nchostigma
racemosum, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. 77, t. 1180; K. Schum. in
Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.- 283, fig. 85, R — S, and 2s7.

Upper Guinea. Cam croons : Cameroon Mountain, 4500 ft., Ulann, 1273 !

2. T. brevipes, iV. E. Br. Stem twining, covered with short
retrorsely spreading rust-coloured hairs on the young parts. Leaves
spreading; petiole 2-3 lin. long, at first rusty-pubescent, becoming
glabrous; blade l-l- 3 in. long, J-lJ in. broad, lanceolate-oblong or
elliptic-oblong, apiculate, broadly or acutely cuneate at the base, glabrous
on both sides, drying blackish above and brown or tawny-brown beneath.
Cymes subaxillary, subsessile or shortly pedunculate, dichotomous, with
branches 3-7J lin. long, all parts except the corolla covered with an
adpressed rusty pubescence ; peduncles 0-3 lin. long ; pedicels 2-II
lin. long; bracts 1 lin. long, ovate or lanceolate, acute. Sepals 1-1 J
lin. long, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, subacute. Corolla 5-(J lin. in
diam., white, glabrous, with the exception of a few retrorse hairs within
the very short tube ; lobes very spreading, twisted in bud, 2A-3^ lin.
long, 5 times as long as the tube. Coronal-lobes -i-J lin. long, erect,
scarcely or not at all exceeding the anthers, linear, obtuse or subacute,
flat or slightly channelled down the face. Style exserted for ^'-1 lin.
beyond the anthers ; apical part conoid, cylindric, fusiform orsubclavate,
obtuse. — lihynchostigma brevipes, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. 7S, sub. t.
1189 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iv. ii. 2S7. R. Luj<ri,
De Wild, (k Durand in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 2()s.
Secamone ruhiginosa, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 23;).

XTpper Guinea. Lagos, Millen, 64! Xigcr Delta : Nun Hivcr, Mann, AS\\
Barter, 20120! Cameroons : Lolodorf, Staudf, 365! liatauim, Bates, 32i) !
Bipinde, Zenker, 1955 ! and without precise locality, Preuss, 44<j !

.288 Lxxxv. ASCLEPIADE.E (brown). {Toxocavpus,

ImOWBT Guinea. Lower Congo : Sabuka, near Stanley Pool, Luja (ex De
Wildeman Sf Durand) .

I have not seen a specimen of Rhtinchostigina Lujcsi, De Wild. & Durand, but
cannot find any character in the description to distinguish it from T. hrevipes.

?). T. parviflorus, X. E. Br. Very similar to T. hrevipes in all
characters except that the pubescence on the stem is more spreading,
the leaves more oblong and less acute, drying light brown or dull grey
above ; the corolla is only 3J-4 lin. in diam., with a short campanulate
tube, and lobes 1 J-lf lin. long and about 2^ times as long as the tube,
not twisted in the bud. The coronal-lobes are nearly as in 1\ hrevipes,
and the apical part of the style is conoid-fusiform, acute. — Rhynchosiigma
jmrviflorum, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. 78, and K. Schum. in Engl.
(fe Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 287.

IiO\(rer Guinea. Gaboon River, Mann, 983 !

Possibly only a small-flowered variety of T. hrevipes, differing in the above par-
ticulars.

13. MICROSTEPHANUS, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 189.'), 249.

Calyx deeply 5-lobed. Corolla-tube short, campanulate; lobes
lanceolate, overlapping and twisted to the left in the bud. Corona of
5 minute lobes or teeth alternating with the anthers at their base.
Staminal-column arising a little above the bottom of the corolla-tube ;
filamental part very short ; anthers oblong, erect, very convex on the
back, their horny margins or wings, which form the fissures leading to
the stigmatic cavities, being strongly incurved towards the centre of the
flower, forming 5 grooves between the anthers ; appendages suberect,
membranous. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell,
attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by very short caudicles. Style
produced into a beak beyond the anther-appendages. Follicles lanceo-.
late, acuminate, smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. Perennials
with procumbent or twining stems, opposite leaves, and few-flowered
umbel-like cymes of small flowers, sublateral between the bases of the
petioles.

A monotypic genus, native of Tropical Africa and Madagascar. I have separated
this genus Astephanus on account of the different structure of the anthers and
the presence of coronal-lobes, which although minute are distinctly evident when
searched for. In Astephanus I do not find the slightest trace of a corona, and the
anther-wings, which form the fissures opening to the stigmatic cavities, are rather
large and project outwards, but in Microstephanus the anther-wings are less
developed and are turned inwards towards the centre of the flower and form five
rather deep grooves between the anthers, which are much more convex on the back
than are the anthers of Astephanus. The generic name is formed from fiiKpos,
small, and arecpavos, a crown, in allusion to the small corona.

1. M. cernuus, iV. B. Br. in Kev) Bulletin, 1895, 249. A small
twining or prostrate shrub, pubescent with short curved hairs on the
young stems all over or only along one line, and on the under or both
sides of the leaves, or entirely glabrous. Leaves spreading; petiole

^flc)XtStephrf7UCS.] LXXXV. ASCLEPlADf:.+: (lUiOVVx). '2H\)

2-^) lin. long; blade l-\\ in. long, U-7 lin. broad, lanceolate, oblong,
elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, apiculate or subacute, ratlin-
thick and psrhaps fleshy when alive, margins flat or revolute. ( 'vmes
lateral or subaxillary, 1— t-flowered ; peduncles 1-2 lin. long; pedicels
H-2^/ lin. long, slender, straight or recurved, glabrous; bracts '.lin.
long, ovate, acute. Calyx-lobes !, lin. long, ovate, acute, g];ibrous.
Corolla 21 lin. in diam., glabrous outside ; tube campanulate 1 lin. long,
sparsely pubescent within; lobes ] i-2 lin. long, suberect, lineai-.
obliquely obtuse, slightly twisted, glabrous. Coronal-lobes minute, thin
and flat, forming little pockets alternating with the anthers at their
base; on the backs of the anthers are also .'> pairs of indistinct di\ erg
ing ridges, which may perhaps form part of the corona, easily ox ei -
looked. Staminal column n- J lin. long ; anther-appendages ovate, acute,
connivent-erect around the base of the apical part of the style, whicii
is produced beyond them into a subulate entire or bifid beak 1-1 1 lin.
long. — Aste2)hanHS cerimus, Decne. and .1. oratus, Decne. in Ann, Sc.
Nat. ser. 2, ix. :)42 ; and in l^C. Prod. viii. f)!)? ; K. Schum. in Engl.
Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 821. A. arenarins, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 507. J.
recurratus, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 274 ; K. Schum.
in Engl. Pfl. (Xst-Afr. C. o21,and in Engl. & Prantl. PHanzenfam. iv. ii.
'2'2L Periploca ovata, Poir. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. ')()}S.

Wile Z.and. British East Africa : Mombasa, ^i7f/fim»rf/, 1166 ! 1978!

XVIozaml). 3>ist. Pcmba Island, Bojer (ex Becaisne). Zanzibar, Kirk !
Bojer (e\ Decaisne). Gennan East Africa : Usambarn, 'Muoi\, Hoi sf, 3037 I l\>v-
tugiicse East Africa: Mozambique Island, on coral rocks, Scoft .' C'abaccira (Jrande,
Kirk !

Also in Madagascar and Aldabra Island.

U. PODOSTELMA, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 133.

Calyx 5-lobed to half-way down. Corolla-tube short, campanulate ;
lobes elongate, narrow, ascending or spreading, overlapping and twisted
to the left in the bud. Corona of b minute tubercles or lubes radiating
from about the middle or towards the base of the filament part of the
staminal column,oppositethe anthers. Staminal-column arising from near
the bottom of the corolla-tube, contracted below the anthers and fur-
rowed ; anthers erect, their wings much projecting ; appendages erect,
membranous. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell. n)uch
shorter than the linear-oblong pollen-carriers, to which they are att^iched
by very short caudicles. Style produced into a long beak, exserted
beyond the anthers. Follicles lanceolate, acuminate, smooth and gla-
brous. Seeds crowned by a tuft of hair. — A much branched shrub, with
some of the branches twining. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, in
sublateral or subaxillary few-flowered fascicles or sessile cymes.

Species 1, endemic.

Allied to .4.9^f';>/iaM??.?, but distincrnisliod fvoni tbat prenus l>v its cor.-llii and bytb-

:^!l(> Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^. (brown). [Podostelmct.

Itrc'soiu'c uf ;i corona, wliich, although very small, is quite evident, and arises on the
stauiinal-colnnin at about or a little below the middle.

1. P. Schimperi, K. Scham. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 134, t. Q, fig.
K — M. A small woody shrub, much branched, the branches sometiines
twining ; young shoots, "petioles, pedicels and calyx all densely and
minutely tomentose. Leaves rather thick and somewhat fleshy ; petiole
2-4 lin. long; blade ^,-1 in. long, 2-10 lin. broad, ovate or elliptic,
obtuse, apiculate or acute. Cymes or fascicles sessile, 2-G-flowered ;
pedicels 1 lin, long or less. Calyx campanulate, 1 lin. long, o-lobed to
half-way down or more ; lobes ovate, subobtuse. Corolla apparently
white or yellowish ; tube campanulate, \ lin. long ; lobes 3J-4 lin. long,
spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes horizontally spreading
from about the middle of the filamental part of the staminal-column,
which is ^ lin. long, furrowed, and more slender than the antheriferous
portion. Anther appendages broadly reniform, very obtuse, connivent
around the base of the apical part of the style, which is produced beyond
them into a subulate, entire or bifid beak |-1 lin. long. Follicles li— 2 in.
long, ?.-J, in. thick, lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, more or less glaucous.
Seeds '1\-?) lin. long, ovate, plano-convex, scabrid-tuberculate, crowned
with a tuft of hairs. — K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv.
ii. 2o4, fig. 68, J, inaccurate, and see 225. Astephanus Schimperi, Vatke
in Oest. Bot. Zeit. 1876, 145.

N'ile Kand. Nubia : between 8u;»kiu aud Berber ; at Siugat, Schweinfurth,
213! aud \V;idi Sarrauib, Schweinfurth, 319! Eritrea: Keren, Steudner, 768!
Ihihiih, IiadebrnncU, 4^84! {qk Vatke). Abyssinia: near Gurs.irf a, 3000-4000 ft.,
iSchiiiiper, 2331 ! and 8 (ex A". Schumann).

15. GLOSSONEMA, Decne.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 748.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube short ; lobes 5, suberect or spreading,
overlapping to the left, but scarcely twisted in the bud, often tuberculate
or thickened below the apex. Corona of 5 lobes arising from the tube of the
corolla a little above the origin of the staminal-column or at the mouth,
alternating with the corolla-lobes, usually free and variable in form,
rarely connate into a 5-lobed tube. Staminal-column arising at or below
the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers terminated by erect or inflexed
membranous appendages. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each
anther-cell, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by short or almost
obsolete caudicles. Style sometimes exserted beyond the anthers.
Follicles variable, echinate or smooth. Seeds flat, with entire or toothed
margins, crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Dwarf perennial or rarely
annual herbs, with opposite leaves. Cymes lateral or sublateral between
the bases of the petioles, few-or many-flowered, or the flowers solitary,
small.

Species few mostly natives of Tropical Africa but extending into North Africa
:»nd from Arabia to Sciude.

Glossonema.] lxxxv. AscLEPiADEiE (brown). 291

Annual; leaves linear ; flowers solitary . . .1. G.lineare.

Perennial ; flowers not solitary.

Style slightly exceeding the anthers ; apical part
shortly conical.
Leaf-blade ^-5 in. long, linear or linear-lanceolate . 2. G. nuhicum.
Leaf -blade ^-1^ in. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

rarely linear-lanceolate . . . . 3. G. hoveanum.

Style not exceeding the anthers, truncate at the top .
Leaves petiolate; coronal-lobes subulate, curved at

the apex like a fish-hook . . . . 4. G. Reroili.

Leaves subsessilc; coronal-lobes broad, obtuse or

cmarginate , 5. G. T/irujipii.

1. G. lineare, JJeote. in J)C. Prod. viii. ^Tif). A slender auima].
Stem erect, unbranched, 6-15 in. high, slightly rough with minute
points, drying pale. Leaves spreading; petiole 1-2 lin. long; Made
j-2 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute at Ijotli
ends, glabrous, but usually rough with minute points on tli^ revolute
margins and midrib beneath. Flowers solitary in one axil of a pair of
leaves, decurved ; pedicels ^-J lin. long. Sepals 4,-J lin. long, laDceo-
late, acute, glabrous. Corolla Ij lin. long, glabrous; lobes twice ns
long as the tube or rather more, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Coronnl-
lobes subulate, one quarter as long as the corolla-lobes and arising nt the
top of the corolla-tube. Anthers terminated by a short soft subulate
mucro. Style exserted about y^ ^^- heyond the anther-appendages ;
apical part stout, conical, acute. Follicles 3-4 in. long, linear-terete,
acute, erect, smooth and glabrous, drying whitish. Seeds linear-oblong,
entire, both sides finely scrobiculate. — Conomiira linearis, Fenzl in
Endlicher Nov. Stirp. Dec. GO; K. Schum. in Engl, i^' Prantl,
Ptlanzenfam. iv. ii. 2'2i').

Ifflle I^and. Kordofan : Arashkol Mountain, Kofsc//t/,7S\ and without precise
lo. ality, KotscJiy, 35 !

2. G. nubicum, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 555. A dwarf herb
0-12 in. high, branching from the base, with a creeping rootstock
{Barter) ; stems, petioles and the lower or both sides of the leaves
pubescent with short white curved hairs. Leaves numerous, spreading
or ascending; petiole 2-4 lin. long; blade|-5 in. (usually 1-2 in.) long.
lJ-5 lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or subobtuse and
apiculate, often more or less sinuate or undulate along the margins.
Flowers 2-6 together in sessile subaxillary cymes; pedicels \-\
lin. long. Sepals l-lj lin. long, nearly as long as the corolla,
pubescent. Corolla about 2 lin. in diam., white {Barter) ; tube caui-
panulate; lobes as long as the tube, spreading, ovate-oblong, obtus»>,
with a few hairs on the back, otherwise glabrous. Coronal-lobes about
as long as the corolla-lobes, ovate in the basal part, with incurved
margins, abruptly contracted at the middle into a subulate point, or
sometimes lanceolate, acuminate, both forms occurring in the same
flower. Anther-appendages membranous, broadly ovate or subquadratr.

202 Lxxxv. ASCLEPIADE.E (brown). [Glossonema .

obtnse or slightly emarginate. Style exserted beyond the antber-
apppndages ; apical part cylindric or conoid, obtuse or emarginate.
Follicles Ij in. long, 5 lin. thick, lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
echinate, pubescent. Seeds ovate, slightly denticulate on the margin,
both sides covered with radiating lines of minute points. — K. Sebum,
in Engl. Sl Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 226. G. boveanum, Kotschy ex
Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 555, not of Decne.

iirile Xiand. Kordofan : in savannahs at Kohn Mountain, towards Tekole,
Kofschy, 405 !

Upper Guinea. Lagos, Barter! ' Niger Territory: Borgu; Wawe, Barter
723 ! Nupe ? 8are, Barter, 3434 ! Bornu, Vogel, 88 !

3. G. boveanum. Decne in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, ix. 335, t. 12,
fig. D. A dwarf herb 3-10 in. high, branching from the base. Stems
ascending, more or less pubescent with white hairs. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 1-G lin. long; blade J-li in. long, lJ-7 lin. broad, ovate, or
ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, cuneately narrowed or broadly
rounded into the petiole at the base, more or less undulate or crisped on
the margins, thinly or densely white-pubescent on both sides or glabrous
above. Flowers 1-3 together, sublateral ; pedicels 1-1 J lin. long,
white-pubescent. Sepals IJ-lJ lin. long, lanceolate, acute, pubescent.
Corolla-tube 1 lin. long, campanulate ; lobes spreading, I2-2 lin. long,
J-1 lin. broad, oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse or subacute, slightly
thickened above or subtuberculate near the apex, with the margins
re(;urved, glabrous or w^ith a few hairs on the back. Coronal-lobes
arising a short distance below the sinuses of the corolla, l|-2 lin. long,
2 lin. broad in the broadly oblong basal half, 3-lobed, with the middle
lobe long and filiform, or subtruncately or somewhat abruptly contracted
into a filiform or subulate point, or occasionally filiform-acuminate.
Staminal-column 1 lin. long ; . anther-appendages reniform, very
obtuse. Style protruded for about | lin. beyond the anther-appendages ;
apical part stout, conical, obtuse or shortly bifid. Follicles IJ-^
in. long, 7-11 lin. thick, ovoid, acute, strongly echinate, minutely
pubescent or nearly glabrous. Seeds about 2 lin. long, 1^ lin. broad,
ovate, flattened, very minutely scaberulous, dark brown.— 6^. affine, N.
E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 249. Petalosteinma Chenopodii, R. Br.
in Salt Voy. Abyss. Append, Ixiv., name only.

IVile Iiand. Periin IsUnul, in tlic Red Sea, Farmer/ Nubia: sea-coast to
between 3000 nnd 4000 ft., Bent ! Hor Tanianib, Lord ! Eritrea: around Saati,
Schweinfnrfh <f* Rira, 584! Aby-sinia : at tbe foot of mountains by tbe River
Tacazze, near (rursarfa, 3000-3300 ft., Schimj)er, 2219 ! and without precise
locality. Salt !

Also in Egypt and Arabia.

The specimens collected by Bent demonstrate that the Abyssinian plant! described
as G. affine cannot be maintained as di-<tinct from G. boveanum.

4. G. Revoili, Franch. Sert. Somal. 40, t. 3. A dwarf herb
under a foot high, densely tomentose in all parts except the corolla.
Leaves numerous, spreading; petiole 2-7 lin. long; blade i-2 in. long,

Glossoiiema.^ lxxxv. AscLEPiADEiE (brown). 2y;>

4-11 lin. broad, ovate, obovate, oblong, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse, retuse or subacute at the apex, brondly rounded, .subtrun-
cate or cuneate at the base. Cymes lateral at the nodes, .Ne.s.sile, unibel-
lately about 4-7-flowere(l (5-l)-tlowered, Fraiichet); bracts \},-'I}, lin.
long, subulate ; pedicels 1-6 lin. long, unequal. Sepals 1-2 lin. long,
linear or lanceolate, acute. Corolla o-l lin. in diani., yellowish ; tube
\}i lin. long, funnel-shaped; lobes very spreading, IJ lin. long, 1 lin.
broad, ovate to elliptic-ovate, obtuse, thickened just below the apex,
with a few short hairs on the back, glabrous within. Coronal-lol)es
arising from the corolla-tube a little above the origin of the staujinal-
column, subulate, acute ; apex incurved or arched over the top of
the staminal-column, something like a fish-hook. Staminal-colunin
|-1 lin. long, arising a little above the middle of the corolla-tube ; lila-
mental part slender ; antheriferous part and the top of the style abru}itly
dilated into a broad flat pentagonal disk ; anthers erect or divergent-
erect, their appendages broad, transverse, obtu.sely roundefl. inHexed
over the rim of the flat pentagonal apex of the style. — K. Schum. in
Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. ?){\. G. Elliotii, Schlechter in Journ. Hot.
180.-), 304.

IVlle liand. Somalilaiid: without locality, Mr^-. Lort-Phillips ! Tigicli,
'Recoil; Dolo, above liana, Biva, 1129 (ex Schnmann). British East Africa:
Kikumbuliu, Scoit-Elliot, 6184 !

Also in Socotra.

G. Elliotii cannot be separated specifically from G Sevoili; the flowers arc
dentical in the two, and the leaves of the Somalilaud plant are so variable that the
difference between those of the specimens figured by Francliet and those of G. Elliolii
are completely connected by Mrs. Lort-Pldllips's specimen. The anthers are not in-
cumbent as stated in the original description of G. Elliotii.

5. G. Thruppii, Oliver in James, Unknown Horn of Africa, .S2«>.
A dwarf herb about 6 in. high, branching at the base. Stem somewhat
bifariously hairy with short spreading hairs. Leaves subsessile, \-'-\
in. long, \-\ in. broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse,apiculate,
more or less conduplicate and arching-recurved, glabrous above except
along the midrib and principal veins, ciliate and sparsely beset with
short white hairs beneath, lowest leaves almost glabrous-. Cymes
axillary, 3-5-flowered ; peduncles l-li lin. long; pedicels '1 lin. long,
and, as well as the calyx, clothed with short white spreading hairs.
Sepals 1{ lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla subrotate, \-\\ lin.
in diam., glabrous within, thinly pubescent outside ; lobes very spread-
ing, \\ lin. long, triangular-ovate, thickened at the obtuse apex.
Coronal-lobes inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube and re^iching to
about \ the length of the corolla-lobes, ovate, ovate-oblotjg, or sub-
quadrate, truncately obtuse or emarginate at the inrolled apex.
Anther-appendages hyaline, broad, transverse, intlexed. Style not
exceeding the anthers, flat and pentagonal at the apex.

Wile Iband. Somaliland : at Ounanuff, Ja)nts Sf Tliru^p '

294 Lxxxv. ASC'LEPiADE/K (browx). [Calot7'02ns.

- IG. CALOTROPIS, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 754.

Calyx 5-partite ; sepals broadly ovale. Corolla 5-lobed to more
than half-way down, rotate-campanulate or with reflexed lobes. Corona
of 5 compressed lobes, shortly cleft into two lobules at their top, with
an upcurved and involute spur at their base, adnate throughout their
length to the staminal-column as far as the base of the anthers.
Anthers short and broad, with short, broad, membranous appendages
inflexed over the rim of the pentagonal apex of the style, which is
depressed in the centre. Pollen-masses solitary in each anther-cell,
pendulous, attached by short slender caudicles to the pollen-carrier.
Follicles large, with a thick spongy-fibrous mesocarp, and parchment-
like endocarp, not echinate. Seeds ovate, plano-convex, crowned with
a tuft of hairs. — Large shrubs or small trees, with opposite subsessile
broad leaves, and pedunculate umbelliform cymes arising from the side
of the stem between the bases of the leaves. Flowers moderately large.

Species 4, 3 confined to India, S. China, and the Malay Archipelago, the other
extending into Africa.

1. C. procera. Ait. Ilort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 78. A stout shrub,
10-18 ft. high, all the youngest parts clothed with a white tomentum,
becoming glabrous. Leaves on very short petioles or subsessile, 2 J-l 2
in. long. H-7 in. broad, ovate, oblong-ovate, elliptic, or obovate, obtuse
with a short abrupt point, base cordate, glabrous. Peduncles lateral
and terminal, l-V> in. long, stout, branched or somewhat elongating
and producing successive subumbellate clusters of 3-10 flowers, the
young parts white-tomentose, becoming more or less glabrous ; bracts
}^-^ in. long, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, deciduous ; pedicels
i-1 in. long. Sepals 2-2J lin. long, I3-2J lin. broad. Corolla
campanulate, j-1 in. in diam., 5-lobed to |j the way down ; lobes 4^-5
lin. long, •>i-4i lin. broad, ovate, acute, quite glabrous, white, with
dark purple-brown tips. Coronal-lobes 2|-o lin. long, 2-21 ^^^' broad
at the base, compressed, oblong, obliquely truncate or rounded and cleft
into two short lobes at the top, minutely scabrous or pubescent down
the back, w^hicli has an upcurved and inrolled spur at the base. . Follicles
:>-4 in. long, 2J-3 in. thick, subglobose, obliquely ellipsoid or ovoid,
obtuse or depressed at the apex, with a thick spongy or somewhat
inflated pericarp. Seeds 3-3i- lin. long, 2 lin. broad, plano-convex,
narrowly margined, minutely tomentose. — Bot. Heg. t. 1792; Decne.
in DC. Prod. viii. 535 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 33 ; Bot. Mag. t.
(;859 ; Vatke in Linn^ea, xl. 213 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 18 ; Wight,
Ic.iv. i. 17, t. 1278; Bentl. & Trim. Med. PL iii. t. 17G ; Krause
in Engl. Jahrb. xiv. 412 ; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz.
1892, 348; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 323; in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 232, fig. G7, E-G, and 239 ; in Engl. Jahrb.
XXX. 385 ; and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 38 ; Henriques in Bolet.
Soc. Brot. xiii. 144; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 687; Schwein-
furth in Hbhnel, Zum Rudolph-See u. Stephanie-See, Sonderabdr. 8.
C. heterophylla, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, ix. 329, not of

Calotro}7is] Lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 295

Wallich. Asclepias procera, Willd. Sp. PI. i. 12G3; Schumach. &i
Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI. 154. A. giganiea, Jacq. Obs. Bot. iii. 17,
t. G9 ; Andrews, Bot. Rep. iv. t. 271 ; Brunner in Flora, 1840, i.
Beibl. 18.

Upper Guinea. Cape Verd Islands: BoUe ! WeUvitsch, 4180 Voqel,
Kraitse, and Smithy 187 (ex Krause). North bank of the River Gmnhiii, Ozanne, :\ \
Sencgambia and Cape Vcrd, Brunner, 54 ! Senegal, Lepriettr, Robert (ex Decaisne).
Fernando Po, Mann, 238 !

Nile I.and. Nnbia: El Me>herif, Schweinfurth, 580! Eiltrr a : Monknllo,
near Massowa, Schweinftirth ScRiva,2lQ\ 236! Oiwmho, Penziq ; hills of Sauti,
Penzig; Arkiko, Penzig ; Ghinda, Penzig ; Keren, Penzig ; Kordofan, Ko/schy,
24* ! Abyssinia: Hatr.edo Plain, Schimper, 920; near Jelajeranne, Schimper, G56 I
Somaliland, Mir.s Pldith Cole I Smith! Riva and Rohecchi-Brichetti, 107 (ex
Schumann). Uganda: Madi, Speke Sf Grant, 163! near Lake Baringo, 3400 ft.,
Johnston! by the River Tarawell (Turkwel), 1500 ft., Hohnel. Hritish East
Africa : Witu, Thomas, 191 !

Mozamb. Blst. Zanzibar, Hildehrandt, 1004 ! German East Africa : Lake
Rukwa Region; near Manda Village in Uinanda district, 2600 ft., Ooetze, 1105 (ex
Schumann).

Also extends through Egypt and Arabia into India.

17: KANAHIA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 760.

Calyx 5 partite. Corolla 5-lobed to half-way down or nearly to the
base; lobes ascending, spreading or reflexed, slightly overlapping to the
left in the bud. Corona of 5 lobes arising from the staminal-column,
either very thick and fleshy, solid and produced into a short horizon-
tally inflexed subulate entire or bifid beak at the apex, or more or le88
complicate or cleft down the inner face. Staminal-column arising from
the bottom of the corolla ; anthers erect, with membranous appendages
inflexed over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary
in each anther-cell, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by short
horizontal caudicles. Apex of the style with a convex central bo.ss
surrounded by a depressed ring and with 5 very minute tubercles close
to the pollen-carriers. Follicles fusiform-lanceolate or somewhat ovoid,
somewhat rugulose (always?), but not echinate. Seeds crowned with a
tuft of hairs. — Shrubs with straight erect branches and milky juice.
Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate or linear, with minute bristles in
their axils. Inflorescence lateral at the nodes, with the i)eduncles
racemosely scattered along the upper part of the branches ; flowers
spirally arranged around the slightly thickened apical part of the
peduncle, which becomes more or less elongated into a flowering axis,
pedicellate, bracteate, developing successively, never strictly umbellate.

Species 4, all very similar in general appearance and closely relited. cxtendicg lo
Arabia.

By its floral structure Kanahia cannot be dislinguisl.cd from Xysmalobium on
the one hand and Asclepias on the other. Yet as it is easily distinguisl.cd fn.in
both those genera by its inflorescence and by the presence of minute bnstles m the
axils of the leaves, I deem it best to retain it on those grounds. In Asclepias nml

2\H'> LXxxv. ASCLEPiADE K (hkown). [Kaua/da.

Xi/s)}uiluhi!im the Huwers are always strictly unil)ellate, all radiating from one point ;
in Kanaliid they are never strictly nnibellate, but are spirally arranged around the
gradually elongating top of the peduncle and progressively develop, a few at a time.
Coronal-lobes tiesliy, solid, with a short entire or bifid

boiik extended over the staniiual-cohnnn . . \.. K. lanijiora.

Coronal-lobes complicate, with the fissure or cavity ex-
tending ^-| of the way down.
Coronal-lobes as long as or slightly exceeding the
staminal-colunin ; pollen-masses |-r> lin. long,
turgid . . . . . . . . 2,. K. glaherrima.

Coronal-lobes usually shorter than the staminal-

column ; pollen-masses 5 lifi. long, compressed . 3. K.consimilii-.

1. K. laniflora, li. Br. in Mem. Wern. /Soc. i. 40. Stems 4-5 ft.
high, branching, glabrous. Leaves ascending or somewhat spreading,
with a cluster of short bristles or teeth in their axils and aloug the
rudimentary stipular line connecting their bases; petiole ll-?> hn. long;
blade 2i-() in. long, 2-G lin. broad, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
gradually tapering to an acute point, acutely narrowed into the petiole,
tjuite glabrous, not revolute at the margin. Peduncles 1-2 in. long,
rather stout, glabrous, lateral at the nodes, many-flowered at the apical
part, which becomes raceme-like from the gradual development of the
flowers; lowest bracts 2-9 lin. long, the rest lJ-?> lin. long, linear or
subulate, acute, glabrous, mostly with minute bristle-like teeth at their
base, like those in the leaf -axils ; pedicels J-l in. long, glabrous. Sepals
2-3 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla 7-9 lin. in diam.,
campanulate, 5-lobed to half-way down or beyond; lobes 4-5 lin. long,
ascending, ovate, acute, glabrous outside, more or less densely woolly
within along the borders. Coronal-lobes arising f lin. above the base
of the staminal-column and reaching to its summit, 2 lin. long, erect,
stout, turgid-oblong, fleshy, solid, not in the least complicate, abruptly
contracted at the apex on the inner side into a simple or bifid subulate
tooth or beak, inflexed over the tips of the anthers. All the lobes are
connected to one another at their base by very obtuse minute flaps that
form five pockets, enclosing the basal parts of the anther-wings.
Staminal-column 2 J-o lin. long ; anther-appendages broadly subcordate-
ovate, obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses
(excluding the caudicles), | lin. long, ^ lin. thick, turgid, not compressed.
Follicles 2-2^ in. long, lanceolate, acuminate into a beak, glabrous,
scrobiculate, but not echinate. Seeds 2 lin. long, ovoid, tapering into a
short beak, channelled on one side, very turgid on the other, smooth,
crowned with a tuft of hairs. — K. Schum. in Engl, ik Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 2o3, not of Decne. K. Delilii^ Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser.
2, ix. 3.30, in DC. Prod. viii. r)37 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 34 ;
Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 342 ; Schweinfurth in Hohnel, Zum
Rudolph-See u. Stephanie-See, Separatabdr. S ; Schweinfurth & Volkens,
ListePl. Somalis, 10; MartelU, Fior. Bogos. 54; Penzig in Atti Congr.
Bot. Internaz. 1892, 349; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 323, in
Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 233, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma,

Kanahia.'] lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). 207

vii. o7. Asclepias laniflora, Forsk. Fl. ^-Egypt-Arab. 01 ; Vahl, Symb.
i. 28, t. 7 ; Deiile, Cent. PI. Voy. Meroe, 49, t. 3, fig. 3.

Wile Iiand. Eritrea: (iiiula Valley, 3100 it., Schweinfurth Sf i?ua, 2148 !
Ariot Valley, 4400 ft., Schiceinfitrth Sf Riva, 677 ! bed of the River Lava, at
Arbaseiko, P^'Hcir/; wcav Kevcw, Penzig. Galabat: re<;ion of Mataiinna, Schwein-
fiD'th, 216! Sennar, Kotschy, 177! Blue Nile, Muriel, S, 14! Kotschy, 4721
475! Fazokl ; Mount Akaro, Cailliaud {c\ Deiile); near Kliartooni, 5r/iM?et«/«r///,
856 ! Upper Nile, Freeman Sf Lucas, 86 ! Abyssinia : near Adowa, Sfeudner, 743 !
Schimper, 120 ! 939 ! by streams near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 1909 ! Tacazze
Valley, Steudner, 742 (ex Engler) ; Somak Efat, Roth, 122 (413) ! West shore of
Lake Zouai (Zwai), Wellby ! Somaliland : 'by the Dagatto Torrent, Ghika (i-x
Schweinfurth) ; near Sagado, Riva, 962 (ex Schumann).

XMCozaxnb. Dist. German East Africa : west of the Pare Kaugc, 600-2300 ft
Rohnel (ex Schiceinfurth).

Also in Arabia.

According to Decaisne this is not the true Asclepias lanijlora of Forskal, but on
this point he is certainly mistaken, as there is a specimen, received from Korskal,
in the British Museum Herbarium, which I have examined and found to be identical
with the plant here described. It was upon tliis specimen that Robert Brown
founded the genu? Kanahia, although his description of the coronal structure is not
very exact. 1 have not seen any exan)ple from Africa of the plant which Decaisni-
has described under the name of Kanahia Forskalii, which has shortly bitid coronal-
lobes, something like those of K. consimilis, N. E. Br., but not so deei)ly bitid, and
the pollen-masses are quite different.

The solid structure of tlie coronal-lobes of K. lanijlora is evidently only a varia-
tion of that which usually obtains in Asclepias, and is formed by the soldering
together of the intlexed sides of an ordinary complicate coronal-lobe ; indeed, this is
completely demonstrated in a specimen collected in Eritrea at Ginda (Schweinfurfh
Sf Rim, 2148), in which the top of the coronal-lobes is deeply furrowed all along,
forming an intermediate stage between the entire coronal-lobes of typic.il K. lam-
flora and the deeply cleft lobes of K. glaherrima. 'J'he pollen-masses, however, are
short as in K. lanijlora.

2. K. glaberrima, N. E. Br. Stems 4-0 ft. or more high, simple
or branched, glabrous, except some minute bristles in the axils of the
leaves and along the rudimentary stipular line. Leaves ascending;
petiole 1-4 lin. long; blade 2\-Q in. long, 2-7 lin. broad, broadly linear
or linear-lanceolate, tapering to an acute point, acutely narrowed into
the petiole, slightly thickened along the margins, ({uite glabrous.
Flowers in pedunculate several -flowered bracteate umbel-like racemes
(the axis of the umbel shortly elongating), lateral between the bases of
the leaves; peduncles U-2J in. long, glabrous ; outer bracts 1-0 lin.
long, the succeeding ones gradually smaller, deciduous, glabrous ; pedicels
G-12 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals JJr-4 lin. long, varying from ovate-
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. Corolla deeply r)-lobed, somewhat I'^dex^
(or, in the dried state, often more or less campaiiulate), whitish ; lobes
4-5 lin. long, bordered inside with woolly hairs, glabrous on the
back. Coronal-lobes arising J- 1 lin. above the base of the staminal-
column, with the tips reaching to its summit, Ij-U lin. long
and about 1 lin. broad, complicate, obliquely deltoid-ovate viewed
sideways, with the dorsal side much the shorter, the inflexed
sides produced into acute or linear-acuminate teeth sometimes in-

208 Lxxxv. asclepiadete (brown). \Kanahia.

curved over the tips of the anthers and sometimes only level ;
5 small teeth alternate with the lobes at their base are more or less
incurved and hidden under the basal parts of the anther-wings.
Staminal-column 2-2i lin. long ; anther-appendages roundish-ovate,
obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses (excluding
the caudicles) |-| lin. long, i lin. broad, turgid. Follicles solitary
(always ?), '2-2}^ in. long, 4-5 lin. thick, lanceolate, acute or tapering
into a beak, glabrous. Seeds (not seen mature), ovoid, narrowed into a
beak, channelled on one side, very turgid on the other, smooth or nearly
so, crowned with a tuft of hBir^.^Gomphocaiyus glaherrimus, Oliver in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 110, t. 120; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
12G, and xxviii. 456; in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 236, and
in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322. Asclepias glaherrima, Schlechter in
Journ. Bot. 1895, 335.

irile liand. Uganda : near Lake Baringo, Johnston ! British East Africa :
Ukamba ; by the River Adi, Hildehrandt, 2609 ! Nyika country near Mombasa,
Wakefield !

Iiower Guinea. Angola : among rocks at the Rapids of Cambambe, on the
River Kuanza, Monteiro !

Mozaxnb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Umba Valley, Smith 1
Aniboni, Solst, 2914 ! Darema, Scheffier, 130 ! Khutu ; bed of the River Mgasi,
1000 ft., Goetze^ 134; and Usukuma ; near the River Simiu, Fischer, 386 (ex
Schumann); Usagara ; Marenga Mkali, S2:>eke ^ Grant ! Portuguese East Africa:
Lower Zaiiibosi, Tete, KirJc ! Matabeleland : bed of the River Sliasha, Baines !

o. K. consimilis, N. E. Br. Stems, leaves, inflorescence, and
flowers exactly as in K. glaherrima, except the following characters.
— Coronal-lobes shorter than the staminal-column, 1-lJ lin. long,
oblong, somewhat obliquely truncate at the top, complicate, with the
apical angles of the inflexed sides more or less produced, acute. Pollen-
masses long and narrow, | lin. long (excluding the caudicles), ^V"?* ^^"•
broad, much compressed ; caudicles rather longer and more slender than
those of K, glaherrima. Follicles 1-1\ in. long, -J-| in. thick, turgid
or somewhat inflated, ovoid, obtuse or with a short recurved point.
Seeds 1-J-l J lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Lagos : on an island in the Obo-Oba River, Millen !
Idagun, on river-banks, Rowland ! Camerocns : Lobe River, near Batanga, on
rocks left bare by low water. Bates, 322 ! Bipinde, Zenker, 1294 ! Johann-
Albreclits Hohc, Slaudt, 603 ! and without precise locality, Preuss, 1364 !

This has been distributed from Berlin as Gomphocarpus fruticostis, a widely
different plant. It is very similar to K. glaherrima in general appearance, but the
policn-niasses and short turgid follicles readily distinguish it. From the Arabian
K. Forskalii, Decne. it differs in its much more deeply bifid coronal-lobes and long
narrow compressed pollen-masses, which in K. Forskalii are only \ lin. long and
(juite half as broad as long and are also less compressed than in K. consimilis.

18. XYSMALOBIUM, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 752.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, campanulate,
subrotate or reflexed ; lobes overlapping to the left or rarely sub val vale

Xysmalobium.'\ lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). 200

in the bud. Corona-lobes 5, arising from the staminal-column and
opposite the anthers, variously shaped, very fleshy, sometimes as thick
as broad or laterally compressed, with or without keels or teeth on
their inner face, sometimes dorsally flattened, but then comparatively
thick and entirely without keels or with only ] rather stout longi-
tudinal median keel on their inner face, solid, never cucullate or com-
plicate, nor produced into a terminal horn, sometimes with U
minute teeth or rudimentary lobes alternating with them at their base.
Anthers terminated by a membranous appendage. Pollen masses
pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell, attached to the pollen-carriers
in pairs by elongated caudicles. Style usually shorter* than the anther-
tips, rarely exserted beyond them. Follicles variable in shape, smooth
or softly echinate. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Perennial
herbs with milky juice and tuberous rootstock or roots. Stems
erect, rarely diffuse, usually simple and often solitary, but .sometimes
much branched at the base. Leaves opposite. Umbels sessile or
pedunculate, solitary and terminal, or most of them lateral between the
bases of the petioles, and one or two terminal.
Species many, extending into South Africa.

Xysmalobium as liithorto defined is very ambiguous in character, and by the
definitions j^iven cannot be distinguished from Asclepiast and Schizoqlossum.
Originally it was separated from Asclepias by K. IJrown to include those species
which have 5 minute lobules or teeth alternating!: with the 5 coronal -lobes, without
giving importance to other characters. K. Urown only refers two species to it, viz.,
Asclepias undidata, Limi., and A. grandijloray Linn, f., two plants, wliich accord-
ing to modern views, cannot well be placed in the same genus. The minnte alter-
nating lobules, altliough of specific value, are not of generic importance, since they
are present in Xysmalohium clecipiens, N. E. Br., and absent in the closely allied
X. Holuhii, Scott-Elliot. In Asclepias also there are some species with, others
without them. Bentham & Hooker distinguish Xt/smalobiittn by the following
character, "coronal-scales flat, unappendaged," but this character neither applies to
all the species of Xysmalohium, nor distinguishes it from Sc/u'zogloisum. This
absence of a definite distinguishing character has led to much confusion during
recent years; even the same species is referred to another genus by the same or a
different author. Vndouhtcdly Xysmalobium, Asclepias, and Sclnzoglossum are but
artificial divisions of one natural genus, since they cannot be separated by characters
that do not bi*eak down at some point, yet as there are 3 types of coronal structure
in the group, it seems iindesiritble to follow Baillon, who in his " H-istoire dcs
Plantes," x. 226, unites them, or Schlechter, who in the "Journal of Botany," 1H96,
451 (without assigning reasons), unites Xysmalobium with Asclepias. rvtiuns Schizo-
glossum and refers some species, which I cannot separate from Xysmalobium, to
other genera. Therefore in dealing: with the Tropical African species of this proup
I have sorted them as follows :

All species in which the coronal-lobes arc cucullate or more or less com-
plicate or cleft on the inner face, are laterally compressed or at least measure as
much from front to back as they do in breadth, with or without a horn or other
process in the cavity, and are never dorsally flattened, I refer to Asclepias.

All species in which the coronal-lobes are dorsally flattened, or if concave
or with incurved edges, then always broader than they measure from front to back,
usually with 2 slight or wing-like parallel keels and with or without 1 or more hom«
or other appendages on the inner face, and are never laterally compressed, cucullate
or complicate, or with n single median keel, I refer to ScnizooLOSSi'M.

300

Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Xysmalohium.

2. X. Holuhii.

All species in which the coronal-lobes are very thick or laterally compressed,
with or without teeth or keels on their inner face, or, if dorsally flattened, are
still compar.'itively thick and entirely without keels or have only 1 rather stout
longitudinal median keel, but no filiform horn or tongue-like process on the inner
face, solid, never cucuUate complicate or cleft down the inner face, 1 refer to
Xysmalobixjm.

Kanahia, which is also allied, and in coronal structure contains species referable
to both Xysmalohium and Aselepias, may be retained as distinct from botii by its
inflorescence.

Corolla reflexed from the base, (and see 7, X. fra-

ternum).

Leaves narrowly linear, 3^-6 in. long, not reticu-

lately veined beneath ; coronal-lobes very small,

entirely adnate to the staminal-column.

Coronal-lobes ovate, a minute tooth alternating

with them 1. X. decipiens.

Coronal-lobes linear or linear-oblong, no tooth
alternating with them .....

Jjcaves varying from linear to elongate-oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, not more than 3 in. long, re-
ticulately veined beneath ; coronal-lobes free,
ascending or radiating fiom the staminal-
column.
Midrib of leaves densely tomentose; corolla-lobes
4|^ lin. long ......

Midrib of leaves not tomentose; corolla-lobes 2-2A

lin. long.

Leaves ascending; coronal-lobes arising at the

base of the staminal-column close to the

corolla .......

Leaves widely spreading ; coronal-lobes arising
^ lin. above the base of the staminal-
column 5. X. heudelotianum.

Corolla not reflexed from the base ; lobes spreading or
ascending.
Leaves linear, §-2 lin. broad ; coronal-lobes minute .
Leaves ^2 in. broad, never exactly linear but
sometimes very long and narrow, and then
gradually tapering from base to apex.
*Leaves rounded, truncate or cordate at the base
and as broad or broader there than above.
Leaves elongated, gradually tapering from the
base to the apex.
Apex of the style produced beyond the anther-
appendages ......

Apex of the style not produced beyond the

anther-appendages.

Corolla bearded with woolly hairs on the

margins and tips of the lobes inside.

Corolla-lobes 4-5 lin. long; coronal- lobes

scarcely reaching to the base of the

anthers

Corolla-lobes 2^-2| lin. long ; coronal-
lobes reaching much above the base
of the anthers ....

13. X. sessile.

4. X. reticulatum.

3. X. gramineum.

12. X. angolense.

10. X dispar.

11. X. barbigerum.

Xysm(dohium.^ lxxxv. AscLEPiADEiE (brown).

301

u.

X. andoiifjenise.
X. yJiomhoidenm.

I

Corolla glabrous within . . . 9. X frilohafum.

Leaves not gradually tapering from the base to
the apex, oblong or ovate-oblong.
Coronal-lobes spathulate-obovoid, having a
longitudinal keel with h short transverse
keel on each side of it on the flat face
(and see 13. X. sessile)
Coronal-lobes broadly rhomboid, witli a rhom-
boid depression on the back .
**Leaves cuneate or narrower at the base than
above.
Corolla-lobes about 3^ lin. long.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate or narrowly cuneate-
oblanceolate ; coronal-lobes much shorter
than the staminal-column
Leaves elliptic-olilong or obovate-oblong ;
coronal-lobes about equalling the stami-
nal-column ......

Corolla-lobes ^-1 in. long; leaves oblong, cuneate
at the base.
Coronal-lobes exceeding the staminal-column
by half their length ....

Coronal-lobes about reaching to the top of the
staminal-column.
Coronal-lobes dorsally flattened, oblong-lan-
ceolate, not keeled ....

Coronal-lobes as thick as broad, with 3 in-
flexed apical teeth and 2 keels on the
inner face .....

Coronal -lobes not nearly reaching to the top
of the staminal-column, sub-hemispherical,
with a short erect horn and 2 small
(marginal?) teeth on the inner face . 18. X. spathulatum.

6. X. mpmhrnnifertnn.

7. X.fi'aternum.

15. X. Cecil je.

16.

17.

X. grand e.
X. helium.

1. X. decipiens, N. E. Br. in Keio Balletui, 1895, 250. Roots
fleshy, narrowly fusiform, fasciculate. Stems about 1 ft. lon^r, with
two pubescent lines. Leaves BJ-G in. long, i-1 lin. broad, linear, acute,
narrowed into a short petiole, glabrous. Umbels lateral and terminal,
pedunculate, bearing upwards of 20 small flowers ; bracts 2 lin. long,
linear, acute, glabrous ; peduncles 5-7 lin. long, puberulous ; pedicels
3-4 lin. long, tapering from the base, puberulous. Sepals J lin. long,
lanceolate, acute, channelled, closely reflexed on the pedicel, glabrous.
Corolla closely reflexed on the sepals, " whitish-lilac " ( WfliriL^ch) ; lobes
IJ lin. long, J lin. broad, oblong, acute, concave, glabrous. Coronal -
lobes minute,"about I lin. long, and nearly as broad, roundish-ovate,
very obtuse or subtruncate, slightly channelled, adnate, abruptly ter-
minating in the hollows under the anthers, from which they have the
appearance of protruding downwards, with their tips ivsting on tlie
corolla; a small erect tooth between each pair of lobes and connt»<ting
them at their base. Staminal-column l| lin. long; anther appen-
dages broadly ovate or suborbicular, inttexed over the apex of the style.
Follicles 5-6 in. long, { in. thick, narrowly fusiform, et|ually ta|>ering

302 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (browx). [Xysmalohium.

into a long stipes and beak. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. G82.
Xiismrdohium Iloluhii, Scott-Elliot in Journ. Bot. 1890, 305 partly (as
to Welwitsch's plant and description of corona) ; K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. 120 in a note.

XfO'wer Guinea. Aiijiola: Huilla ; hilly places near Lo])()ll(), Wehvitsch,
417-j! Mukcnge, Vofjge, 1108! and without ])recise locality, Pogrje, 1100, 1140,
Bnchner, 607, and Mecl/oic, 340 (ex Schumann).

Closely rcscniljliiif^ X. Iloluhii ard iiu-lnded under that .s])ccics hy Scott-Elliot,
lint the small coronal lobes are very much broader, of a different shape, and con-
nected with each other l»y a small erect tooth, which is entirely wanting in A'.
Holulii ; the cartilaginous winprs of the anthers are also one-third slmrtcr tliau in
that si)ccies.

2. X. Holubii, Scott-Elliot in Joura. Bot. 1890, 305 (exclvdhiy
the Angola plant and description of corona). Stem 12-18 in. high, with
two pubescent lines in the upper part, glabrous below. Leaves sessile
or nearly so, 3^—5 in. long, 1-1. 1 lin. broad, linear, acute, glabrous.
Umbels lateral and terminal, the lover pedunculate, the upper ses.<^ile or
subsessile, hemispherical or subglobose, more than 20-flowered ; flowers
small ; peduncles n-''> lin. long, pubescent or with hairy lines like the
stem ; bracts 2 lin. long, attenuate, acute, subglabrous ; pedicels 3-4 lin.
long, tapering from the base, puberulous. Sepals reflexed. 1 lin. long,
lanceolate acute, concave, glabrous. Corolla closely reflexed; lobes
2 lin. long, J lin. broad, oblong, acute, glabrous. Coronal-lobes minute,
.V lin. long, resembling a small tongue protruding from the hollow at the
base of the anthers and directed downwards, narrowly oblong, obtuse,
channelled down the face, adnate to the staminal-column, quite free from
each other, with no alternating tooth between them. Staminal-column
A- in. long ; anther-appendages ovate, subacute, infiexed over the apex
of the style. — K. Schum. in Engl, it Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 232.

Mozaxnl). Dlst. Rhodesia : Leshumo Valley, South of the River Zambesi,
Rolub .'

The preceding species from Angola was confused with this in the original
description, and the corona described from the Angolnn plant instead of from
Holub's specimen ; however, it appears best to retain the name for the plant for
which it was intended. This species and X. decipiens N. E. Br. are allied to the
South African A', involucratirm, Dcrnc.

3. X. gramineum, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902, 254. Plant
5-0 in. high, branching. Branches about § lin. thick, with internodes
4-6 lin. long, more or less pubescent. Leaves ascending-spreading,
glabrous on both sides, U-2J in. long, |—1 j lin. broad, linear, acute,
cuneately narrowed at the" base into a petiole 1-2 lin. long, revolute
along the margins. Umbels few (3 on the specimen seen), la*e alat the
nodes, pedunculate, 8-12-flowered ; peduncles 7-12 lin. long, slender,
minutely pubescent with curved hairs along one side; bracts ll lin.
long, subulate, minutely pubescent; pedicels 2-2^ lin. long, slender,
minutely pubescent. Sepals 1 lin. long, J lin. broad, lanceolate, acute,

Xysmalohium.] lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). ' 303

minutely pubescent with curved hairs on the back. Corolla lobed
nearly to the base, campanulate, about 1§ lin. in diam. ; lobes li lin.
long, f lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, erect and concave within in
the basal half, recurved and slightly convex at the apical part, glabrous
on both surfaces, not ciliate. Coronal-lobes minute, arising close to the
base of the staminal-coluran and not nearly reaching to its middle, about
I lin. long, ascending, oblong, obtuse, flesliy ; alternating with them are
5 very minute teeth. Staminal-column § lin. long ; anther-appendages
broad, toothed, ascending, pressed against the sides of the broadly and
shortly conical apical part of the style, which slightly exceeds them
anther-wings broadly triangular, very projecting at the middle.
IVXozamb. I>ist. Rhodesia : liuluwayo, Rand, 193

This plant bears a great resemblance to Schizorjlosstim ayigolense, Sclilcchtir &
Keudle, and without careful examination n)ight easily be mistaken for it; in Moral
structure however, it is entirely different, as the corolla-lobes of aS". angolensr are
nearly Hat and neitlier concave at the base nor recurved at the apex, the coronal-
lobes mucli larger, 2-keeled on the inner face, without alternating teeth at their
base, and the anther-wings are not in the least projecting.

4. X. reticulatum, N. E. Br.inKew Bulletin, 18D5, i^Ol. Stems
several from a tuberous root, G-22 in. high, erect, herbaceous, with '2
lines of short curved hairs. Leaves ascending ; petiole J-1 lin. long;
blade |-'» in. long, 1-2-7 lin. broad, oblong, linear-oblong, linear-lanceo-
late or linear, obtuse or subacute, apiculate at the apex, subcordate,
subtruncate or rounded at the base, glabrous, conspicuously reticulate
with prominent ascending veins beneath. Umbels sessile, lateral, 4-0-
flowered ; bracts about 1-1^ lin. long, subulate or linear-subulate ;
pedicels 3-7 lin. long, puberulous along the inner side. Sepals \h-2h
lin. long, J lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous or pubescent on
the back, reflexed. Corolla 5-lobed almost to the base, strongly refiexed,
quite glabrous, green; lobes 2\-2^ lin. long, l|-lj lin. broad, ovate,
acute or subobtuse. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-
column and much shorter than it, 1-1 J lin. long, fleshy, rather variable
in form, sometimes ascending, obovate or diamond-shaped, obtuse or
subacute, with a median keel down the inner face, which rises into an
acute tooth at about the middle, flattened on the back, sometimes more
spreading, with the terminal part very thick and fleshy, obovoid (or sub-
globose ?) produced into an acute or obtuse cone or tooth on the upper
side somewhat resembling a bird's head. Staminal-column li-lj lin.
long, conical, truncate ; anther-appendages broadly ovate, acute or sub-
acute, incumbent on the truncate apex of the style ; anther-wings 1 lin.
long, J lin. broad at the base, where they are very projecting. — A'.
schumannianum, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1901, 259. Schizoglossum
truiicatulum, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322.

wile ]Land. Uganda : Kuvironda; between Nandi and Mumia, 4400-6000 ft.
Whyte ! Mpororo ; Kanjana Berg, Stuhlmann, 2096 ! British ?^ast Africa
Machakos, Rinde !

Mozamb, Dlst. British Central Africa : Urnngn ; Fwnmbo, Carson, 56 !
Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, Buchanan! Zomba and vicinity, 2500-3500 ft..

p,04 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [XysmaloMum.

Wkyte ! Purves, 58 ! Rhodesia : between Umtali and Salisbury, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn
Cecil 51 ! between Enkeldoorn and Rocky Spruit, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 135 !

This is closely allied to X. heudelotianum, and may be only an eastern variety of
that species, but its leaves are not widely spreading, are more prominently veined
beneath, there are fewer flowers in an umbel, and the eoronal-lobcs arise close to the
corolla, instead of a little above the base of the staminal-column as in X. hendelotia-
nnm. The coronal-lobes seem to be variable ; they w.?re not correctly described in my
ori"^inal description, as the type specimen is a very poor one and the coronal-lobes of
the" only flower tlien examined had been pressed out of sliape, but the ample and
better material subsequently received, and an examination of another flower from the
type demonstrate that the real form of the coronal-lobes is as above described.
According to Purves, the flowers are white, but this probably refers to the corona and
staminal-column, as the corolla appears to be greenish in the dried state, and is noted
as green by the Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil.

5. X. heudelotianum, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 520. Stem
1-3 ft. high, pubescent, with two narrow glabrous lines alternating in
position at the nodes. Leaves widely spreading; petiole |-1 lin. long ;
blade 2-3 in. long, 4-8 lin. broad, narrowly oblong, with nearly parallel
thickened or very narrowly revolute margins, the narrower leaves
acute, the broader ones abruptly subacute or obtuse, subapiculate, vary-
ing from cuneate to broadly and obtusely rounded at the base, glabrous
on both sides ; veins reticulate, rather conspicuous and prominent
beneath. Umbels lateral between the bases of the leaves, all sessile or
one or two of the lowest pedunculate, 10-12-flowered ; peduncles 0-1 in.
long, pubescent down the inner side ; bracts 2-2J- lin. long, subulate ;
pedicels 4J-G lin. long, pubescent with minute curved hairs. Sepals
reflexed, 1^ lin. long, lanceolate, with the margins incurved towards the
apex, glabrous. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes strongly reflexed,
2-24 lin. long, f lin. broad, lanceolate-oblong, subacute, with undulate
margins, glabrous on both sides, apparently greenish in colour. Coronal-
lobes 1 lin. long, with horizontally spreading stalks \ lin. long, arising
I lin. above the base of the staminal-column ; apical part fleshy, ovoid-
conical or subglobose, abruptly tapering into a very acuminate or fine
subulate erect point, subtruncate at the base ; in side view they some-
what resemble the head and beak of a bird, and reach to a little above
the middle of the conical obtuse l|-2 lin. long staminal-column. Anther-
appendages ovate, acute, inflexed over the truncate apex of the style.
Follicles solitary (always ? ), 5-5i in. long, J in. thick at the middle,
thence gradually and equally tapering to the base and apex, glabrous
and smooth. Seeds flat, ovate, with winged margins, both faces covered
with small linear crests or tubercles. — K. Schum. in Engl, ct Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 232.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia : Komba, Heudelot ! Niger Territory : Borgu,
Barter, 712! Nupe, Barter, 1323 !

Owing to the kindness of Dr. J. Miiller, I have been enabled *^o examine
Decaisne's type specimen of this species, collected by Heudelot.

6. X. membraniferum, N'. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin. 1895, 251.
Stems 12-18 in. high, with two hairy lines, purplish. Leaves spreading;

Xysmcdobium.'] Lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 805

petiole 2-4 lin. long ; blade 8-3^ in. long, 4-7 lin. broad, oblong-lanceo-
late or narrowly cuneate-oblanceolate, about equally acute at each end,
glabrous, slightly thickened at the margin, whitish-green beneath.
Umbels several, lateral at the nodes, sessile, 6-8-flowered ; pedicels 4-7
lin. long, pubescent with minute curved hairs. Sepals 2 lin. long, ovate,
acute, glabrous. Corolla 6 lin. in diam., 5-lobed almost to the base ;
lobes campanulately spreading, 3 J lin. long, 1^ lin. broad, oblong, sub-
obtuse, concave, apparently tinted with purplish, with opaque whitish
membranous margins. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of thestaniinal-
column and much shorter than it, 1| lin. long,, oblong, or rhomboid-
oblong, fleshy, obtusely pointed, with a rather stout keel down the inner
face, flattened or somewhat concave on the back, erect, but confluent and
resting on the corolla at the base where each is united to the staminal-
column by a rather large keel which ends very abruptly and is slightly
dilated and sometimes furrowed at the truncate free end. Staminal-
column about 3 lin. long ; anther appendages membranous, erect, over-
topping the style, very conspicuous, 1 lin. long, lA lin. broad, orbicular-
reniform. Follicles (unripe), fusiform, with a long beak, tapering
into a long stipes at the base, smooth, glabrous. — X. headelotkuntm,
Scott-Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 92, not of Decaisne.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: on dry rocky liills, 3600 ft., 3 miles south of
Falaba, Scott-Ell iot, 5184 ! Port Lokko, Scott-Elliot, 5183 !

7. X. fraternum, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 189-"), 252. Stem
erect, herbaceous, pubescent with short curved hairs. Leaves mode-
rately spreading ; petiole li-2 lin. long, pubescent; blade \h-'2h in.
long, f-lj in. broad, elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse or broadly
rounded at the apex, apiculate, acute or cuneately rounded at the base,
glabrous on both sides, narrowly revolute along the margins ; veins re-
ticulate, conspicuous. Umbels several, sessile, lateral between the
bases of the leaves ; bracts several, 2-3 lin. long, linear, acute ; pedicels
5-() lin. long, slender, pubescent like the stem. Sepals 2^-3 lin. long,
lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, sparsely ciliate. Corolla-lobes 3 lin.
long, 1^ lin, broad, ovate, acute, reflexed or spreading, glabrous. Coronal-
lobes arising at the base of the staminal column and as long as it, 1 }, lin,
long and nearly as broad, shortly stalked, subcordate-ovate, subacute,
fleshy, acutely keeled down the inner face ; keel enlarged or more
prominent at the apex.

AfSozamb. I>lst. British Central Africa . Xyasal.iiul ; near Hlaiityre, Last !

This was confused with A", orhiculare, Deciie. (A', padifolium^ Scott-Elliot), in
the Journal of Botany 1890, 363, from whicli it is very distinct,

8. X. rhomb oideuxn, N. E. Br. in Kew BaUetin, 1895, 251.
Stems simple, stout, tomentose. Leaves spreading: petiole H-2J lin.
long; blade lJ-3 in. long, 9-13 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subobtnse,
apiculate, cordate or rounded at the base, with a very sparse pubescence
on both sides and tomentose or pubescent midribs and petioles, narrowly
cartilaginous (not scabrous) on the margins. Umbels lateral, sessile,

'M)(') Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (browx). [Xysmalobium.

(l-8-flowered ; bracts 2-3J lin. long, subulate, pubescent ; pedicels
5-10 lin. long, subtomentose. Sepals 3^-4 lin. long, 1 lin. broad,
erect, as long as or exceeding the corolla-lobes, narrowly lanceolate,
acute, shortly hairy ,^ cam panulately spreading. Corolla f) lin. in diam.,
campanulate, o-lobed almost to the base ; "dull whitish- violaceous "
(Welwitsch) ; lobes 3 lin. long, lj-2 lin. broad, ovate, subacute and
slightly complicate at the apex, minutely pubescent on the back.
Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column and about
equalling it in length, 1 J lin. long, connivent-erect, thick and fleshy,
with a short thick stalk and a rhomboid blade, obtuse or subacute,
with a grooved rhomboid depression on the back, and a keel from each
side on the inner face directed downwards and meeting at the centre,
enclosing a diamond-shaped area that is obtusely keeled down the
middle or convex, the sides of the stalks confluent at the base under
the very broad horny wings of the anthers ; anthers connivent, their
appendages roundish-ovate, obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style.
— Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 682.

Iio-wer Guinea. Angola: Huilla; in sandy pastures among bushes near
Ferrao tLi Sola, Welwitsch, 4193 !

0. X. trilobatum, ^V. B. Br. Stem erect, simple, stout, softly
hairy. Leaves spreading or ascending ; petiole 2-3 lin. long ; blade
4-() in. long, 1-2 in. broad, elongate-ovate- lanceolate, sometimes very
narrow and attenuate, acute, subcordate at the base, more or less un-
dulate, somewhat scabrous above, at first pubescent beneath, becoming
slightly scabrous. Umbels several, lateral and terminal, mostly clustered
at the top of the stem, 10-15-flowered ; peduncles erect, f-lf in. long,
villous-tomentose ; bracts 4-5 lin. long, subulate or filiform, shortly
villous; pedicels 6-8 lin. long, villous-tomentose. Sepals 4 lin. long,
1 lin. broad, exceeding the corolla, lanceolate, acuminate, flat, villous-
pubescent on the back, glabrous within. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed
nearly to the base ; lobes erect, 3 lin. long, 1| lin. broad, ovate, obtusely
pointed, concave in the lower part, recurved-spreading at the tips, dull
purple, sparsely pubescent outside on the apical half, glabrous within.
Coronal-lobes J lin. long, 1 lin. broad, sessile at the base of the staminal-
column, erect, reaching only to the base of the anthers, fleshy, broadly
subreniform-deltoid, obtuse, sometimes with a faint constriction just
below the apex, flat, with their margins recurved at the base. Staminal-
column 2 lin. long, its filament part about | lin. long. — Woodia trilobata^
Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 337.

Nile Xiand. Uganda : Kavirondo ; Nandi Range, in wet places, 7000-8000 ft.,
Scott-Elliot, 6877 !

Schlechter describes the coronal-lobes as " trilobulate, with suborbicular obtuse
lobules, subequal in size, the intermediate one erect, the lateral divaricate." I do
not find them so in the numerous flowers of his type that 1 have examined. The
sides of the lobes at their base are abruptly bent back, so that Upon a superficial
examination they may appear as lateral lobules, and sometimes there is a faint con-
sti'iction on each side just below the apex, which thus appears to be slightly produced,
but I have seen none that I should describe as trilobulate.

Xi/smalobium.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (browx), i]07

10. X. dispar, X i^\ Br. Stem moderately stout, tomentose, at
least in the upper part, as well as the peduncles, pedicels and bracts.
Leaves numerous, ascending ; petiole 1-;") iin. long ; blade o-D in. long,
J-l|- in. broad, lanceolate, gradually tapering from a little above tlie
more or less truncate base to an acute mucronate point, margins
narrowly revolute, scabrous, both surfaces minutely sc^brid-pubescent,
or the lower surface minutely tomentose when young, the pubescence
becoming more scattered and more or less deciduous on the older leaves.
Umbels several, pedunculate, lateral at the nodes along the upper part
of the stem which is sometimes leafless in the apical part ; peduncles
J-1 J in. long ; bracts 2-5 Iin. long, linear or subulate, acute ; pedicels
6-11 Iin. long. Sepals 4-6 Iin. long, f Iin. broad, equalling or shorter
than the corolla, flat, lanceolate-attenuate, spreading, softly pubescent.
Corolla lobed almost to the base, campanulate, or rotate-campanulate(^),
apparently white ; lobes 4-5 Iin. long, 2 Iin. broad, oblong, acute, con-
cave, glabrous outside, tomentose with white hairs at the recurving
apex and the margins within. Coronal-lobes arising from the widened
base of the staminal column, spreading, very shortly adnate to the
bottom of the corolla at the base, then erect and scarcely reaching to
the base of the anthers, 1 J Iin. long and as much in breadth, broadly
ovate or rhomboid-ovate, apparently slightly reflexed at the sides,
obtusely pointed, with a thick obtuse keel down the face, which forms an
obtuse incurved point at the apex. Staminal -column :> Iin. long, with
well marked furrows at the junction of the filaments, which do not
appear to be quite free as in X. harhigei'um ; anther appendages
broadly ovate, or orbicular, obtuse, inflexed over the truncate apex of
the style which is not exserted beyond them. Follicles large "furrowed
at the apex" (Ilohtb), 4J-5 in. long, lj-l| in. thick, pubescent and 1)6-
set with soft flexuose hairy bristles .^-J in. long. — Xi/smalobium lapat/ii-
folium, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 321, not of Decne.

Mozamb. 3>ist. German East Africa : Usscri, ex A". Schumann. Briti>li
Central Africa: Rhodesia; Leshumo Valley, Holub, 669! 816! Xyasaland; iiejir
Sochi Hill, 3000 ft., KirJc! Xamasi, Cameron, 4 !

This species is closely allied to A", ensifolium, Burch., and X. undulatum, W. lir.
From the former it differs in having the coronal-lobes at the hnse of the staiiiiiial-
column and scarcely reaching- to the Imse of the unther-wings ; from the lattt-r it
differs in its narrower leaves, narrower and longer sepals, nnrrower, more acute and
apparently thinner petals, which are less densely bearded at the tips with shorter
hairs than in X. undulatum. It also resembles A', angolense, Scott-Elliot, but the
apex of the style is not exserted beyond the anther-a])|)enda^ts and the tihuncntal
part of the staminal-column is quite half its entire length, wliilst i)i A', anrjolense

11. X. barbigerum, X. K. Br. Stem probably tall, rather
robust, tomentose. Leaves opposite, ascending or incurved-ascending ;
petiole \-\ in. long, tomentose or densely pubescent ; blade '{-5 J, in.
long, 6-10"lin. broad at the base or larger (?), long and narrow, gradually
tapering from the base to the acute apex, subtruncate or obtuse at the
base, longitudinally folded, pubescent on both sides. Umbels lateral at
the nodes, racemosely arranged along the upper part of the stem KJ-HI-

?A)H Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.*: (brown). [X i/smalobiu7ii .

flowered; peduncles subequal, |-1 in. long, whitish- tomentose ; bracts
about 2 lin. long, subulate, deciduous, densely pubescent ; pedicels J-|
in. long, whitish-tomentose. Sepals 2 J lin. long, | lin. broad, oblong-
lanceolate, acute, pubescent on the back. Corolla Ipbed nearly to the
base, campanulate, apparently white, glabrous outside, densely bearded
within on the upper half with white hairs ; lobes 2J-2| lin. long, 1|-
lin. broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, sub -acute, recurved at the tips.
Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column and a little
shorter than it, erect, IJ-lJ lin. long, 1 lin. broad, ovate-rhomboid,
obtuse, dorsally flattened, moderately thick and fleshy, with a slight
obtuse keel down the inner face; alternating with them are 5 minute
teeth. Staminal-column If lin. long, with the filaments free above the
attachment of the coronal-lobes ; anther-appendages ovate, subobtuse,
inflexed over the truncate apex of the style.

ZiO'wer Guinea. Angola : Amboella ; at the moutli of the Kiver Kuebe,
3700 ft., £aum, 332 !

12. X. augolense, Scott- Elliot in Journ. Bot. 1890, 365. Stem
1-2 ft. high, stout, erect, thinly pubescent with curved hairs. Leaves
ascending or incurved-ascending; petiole 1-3 lin. long ; blade 2J-9 in.
long, \-\ in. broad at the base, gradually tapering from the
truncate or subhastate base to an acuminate point, more or less
scabrid on both sides ; margins slightly thickened, not revplute,
scabrid. Umbels pedunculate, several-flowered, lateral and terminal or
somewhat clustered at the top of the stem ; peduncles ^-| in. long,
pubescent ; pedicels 4-7 lin. long, pubescent ; bracts 3-5 lin. long,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Sepals 3-o| lin. long, 1-1 ^
lin. broad, erect, flat or with revolute margins at the base, lanceolate,
acute, pubescent, " very pale yellow " (IVelwitsch). Corolla- lobes 5 lin.
long, 3 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, acute, concave, suberect, with recurved
tips, densely bearded with white hairs on the apical part within, other-
wise glabrous, " dull violet outside, whitish within " ( Wehvitsch). Coro-
nal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column, 1^-- li^- loiig and
the same in breadth, erect, fleshy, broadly ovate or subcordate-ovate.
subobtuse, flattened, with recurved margins at the base, keeled on the
face, " violet '" (Wehvitsch). Anthers erect, oblong, their appendages
ovate, acute, erect, a,pplied to the sides of the apical part of the style ;
this last is 1 J-1 J lin. long, stout, very obtuse or slightly dilated at the
top, produced beyond the anther appendages, "violet" (Wehvitsch).
Follicles 2-2 J in. long, 6-7 J lin. thick, lanceolate, acute, setose and
pubescent. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 232 ;
Hiern. in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 682. X. prismatostigma^ K. Schum.
in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 120, and in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
232.

XiOixrer Guinea. Angohi : Hullhi ; in damp meadows near Humpata, and
swampy places along streams near Huilla, Welwitsch, 4170 ! in the damp pastures of
Catumba, towards Ohai, Welwitsch, 4171 ! Malange, Medio w, 329 !

13. X. sessile, Decne. in DC. Prod, viii. 519. Stem herbaceous,

Xi/smalobium.] lxxxv. asclepiade.k (brown). 309

rather densely tomentose with rather long spreading soft hairs. Leaves
almost sessile, ascending-spreading, 1J-2J in. long, 7-10 lin. broad,
somewhat lanceolate or gradually tapering from the cordate or
subcordate ba^e to the acute apex, tomentose along the midrib
above and beneath, otherwise glabrous, narrowly thickened at the
margin, reticulately veined. Umbels lateral at the nodes and terminal,
sessile, 3-4-flowered ; pedicels J-1 in. long, tomentose. Sepals more or
less refiexed, 3|— 4 lin. long, J lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute, with
some scattered hairs on the back and sparsely ciliate. Corolla lobed nearly
to the base, refiexed; lobes 4^ lin. long, 2 lin. broad, oblong, subacute,
inner surface covered with exceedingly minute hair-like papillae Coronal-
lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column and nearly or quite as
long as it ; erect or slightly spreading, 2 J lin. long, 1^-1 J lin. broad above
the middle, thick and fleshy, spathulate-obovoid, somewhat abruptly
narrowed into the claw at about the middle, forming a t-light anf,de on
each side, obtuse, very convex on the back, flat on the inner face, with
an obtusely triangular median keel at about the middle and a short
transverse keel on each side of it. Staminal-column 2 J lin. long and
as much in diam. at the base, broadly conical ; anther-appendages
broadly subcordate-ovate, subacute, inflexed over the depressed apex of
the style; anther-wings J lin. broad and much projecting at their
base.^ — Gomphocarpus sessilis, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, ix.
325.

Koixrer Guinea. Angola, without indication of tlie collector in llerh. Mii.t.
d'Hlstoire Naturelle, Paris I

Described from Decaisne's type specimen, which consists of a piece of the ter-
minal part of tlie plant Hbout 5 in. long, with 4 pairs of leaves. The indumentum
on the stem, pedicels and midribs, idthougli best described as tomentose is somewhat
peculiar and slightly shaggy, the hairs are uneqiial in length, ^-}, lin. long, soft and
jointed, very spreading. The coronal-lobes are inaccurately described by Decaisnr ;
I find them aa described above.

14. X. andongense, Jliern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 082. Stem
l_li ft. high, pubescent with rather minute curved hairs. Leaves
opposite, subsessile, li-3J in. long, J-1 J in. broad, thinly coriaceous,
oblong to oblong-ovate, abruptly acute obtuse or retuse at the apex,
apiculate, cordate at the base, narrowly thickened or revolute along the
margins, glabrous on both sides, or with a few minute hairs scattered
along the midrib above and beneath. Umbels lateral at the nodes and
terminal, sessile, 5-8-flowered ; pedicels 4-8 lin. long, pubescent along
one side. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, §-J lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate,
with a few scattered hairs on the back and spai-sely ciliate. Corolla
lobed nearly to the base; lobes apparently campanulately spreading,
3-3 J lin. long, l|-2 lin. broad, oblong, subacute, ciliolate, covered with
exceedingly minute hair-like papilla? on the inner surface. Coronal-lobctt
arising at the base of the staminal-column and about as long as it,
erect, l|-2 lin. long, about 1 lin. broad above the middle, thick and
fleshy spathulate-obovoid or clavate, obtuse, very convex on the back,

VOL. IV. '•

310 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE/E (broavn). [Xi/smalobiicm.

flat on the inner face, with a nose-shaped median keel down the upper
half, on each side of the abrupt lower end of which is a short trans-
verse keel running to the margin, basal part also slightly keeled.
Staminal-column l|-2 lin. long and as much in diam. at the base,
broadly conical ; anther-appendages broadly subcordate-ovate, subacute,
infiexed over the depressed apex of the style ; anther-wings J lin. broad
and much projecting at the base. — Schizoglossum tricorniculatum, K.
Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 121, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 233 ; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 192.

JtOvreT Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 4189! Malange,
Mechow, 355, 402! San Salvador; in the Steppe near Tunis, Bilttner, 406 (ex
Schumann).

South Central. Lunda : near Mu«sumba, Pogge, 379, 380 (ex Schumann).

1 have much hesitation in retaining this as specifically distinct from X. sessile,
Decne. 1 can discover no difference in the flowers, except tliat those of X. andon-
gense are rather smaller in all their parts tlian those of X. sessile, and tlie corolla
does not appear to be reflexed. In the form of the leaves and in indumentum how-
ever, the two specimens of X. andongense which I have examined distinctly differ
from the type specimen of X. sessile. In X. andongense the hairs are minute,
adpresied, mostly curved, and somewhat scattered, not at all dense, whilst in A'.
sessile they are rather long, very spreading and dense.

15. X. Cecilae, N. E. Br. Stem erect, 1-1 J ft. high, stout,
about 2 lin. thick, simple, laxly leafy, puberulous along 2 lines
in the upper part, red. Leaves spreading, 1-1| in. apart ; petiole
IJ— 2 lin. long; blade 1|-2| in. long, C-10 lin. broad and probably
larger^ oblong, with parallel sides, obtuse, apiculate, shortly cuneate at
the base, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides, flat, smooth on the margins,
bluish-green, with a red midrib. Umbels sessile at the upper nodes,
2-4-fiowered ; pedicels 7-9 lin. long, puberulous down one side. Sepals
3 lin. long, 1 lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla
large, campanulate, 5-lobed almost to the base, dull green, tinged with
bronze outside, glabrous ; lobes 1 in. long, 5-7 lin. broad, oblong or
slightly elliptic-oblong, very obtuse, incurved -erect, recurved at the
apex when alive, suberecft or slightly spreading when dried. Coronal-
lobes inserted 2 lin. above the base of the staminal-column and over-
topping it by half their length, 3J-4 lin. long, erect, fleshy, laterally
compressed, falcate-oblong in side view, perfectly truncate at the top,
which is produced over the top of the staminal-column into a shoit
beak, rounded at the base, slightly channelled down the inner face,
which is destitute of keels or teeth, green, with a yellowish apex,
according to a drawing of the flower. Staminal-column 3J-4 lin. long,
the anthers and filamental-tube being about equal in length, stout,
constricted under the anthers, dilated at the base ; anthers subquadrate,
with membranous orbicular appendages, inflexed over the rim of the
depressed-truncate apex of the style. Fruit not seen.

Xtfozaml). Dist. Rhodesia : plentiful at Salisbury, Hon. Mrs. Eveli/n Cecil,
60!

Xysmalobium.^ lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 311

This species closely resembles X. bellum, N. E. Br., and X. apaihulaium,
N. E. IJr., in general appearance, but is totally different from both in the structure
of the coronal-lobes.

16. X. grande, iV. E. Br. Rootstock tuberous. Stem ^3 ft. high,
erect, simple, very stout, \-\ in. thick, glabrous. Leaves rigidly
coriaceous when alive {Welwitsch), parchment-like when dried, spread-
ing, glabrous, glaucescent ; petiole 0-7 lin. long; blade 4-4^ in. long,
2-2^ in. broad, cuneate-oblong, retuse or very obtusely rounded at
the apex, minutely apiculate, shortly and broadly cuneate at the base.
Umbels lateral at the nodes, shortly pedunculate or the upper perhaps
subsessile, 4-5-flowered ; bracts 2^-8 lin. long, J lin. broad, linear-
oblong or slightly spathulate, obtuse, glabrous; pedicels | in. long,
moderately stout, glabrous. Sepals 3-3:^ lin. long, 2^ lin. broad,
elliptic, very obtuse, glabrous. Corolla broadly campanulate, lobed
almost to the base, glabrous, greenish-purple ; lobes | in. long,
J in. broad, elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes arising § lin. above
the base of the staminal-column and about or scarcely reaching to its
top, 2 lin. long, J-|- lin. broad, erect and applied to the backs of the
anthers, fleshy, linear-oblong, apparently flat on the inner face, very
convex on the back at the basal part, obtuse, without keels on either
face, Staminal-column \ in. long, broadly conical in the antheriferous
part ; anthers broadly triangular, their wings much projecting, broadest
at the base, with double or grooved margins ; their appendages about
1\ lin. in diam., roundish inflexed over the apex of the style. —
Glossostelma angolense, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 322, t. 352, fig.
B; Engl. &l Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zum ii.-iv. 287; Hieni in
Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. 688.

Iiower G-uinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in the woods of Pandas, luar
Mangue, very rare, Wehvitsch, 4190 !

There is no character wliatevcr in the floral structure of this plant to separate it
gencrically from Xysmalohinm. It is very similar to X. bellum, N. E. Br., imd
X. spathulatum, N. E. Br., but is apparently a stouter plant and has diffonnt
coronal-lobes. Tlie figure illustrating the coronal structure in the Jouruiil of Botany
is scarcely correct. The specimen coui^ists of a few nodes of the stem, with leavt s
and umbels of flowers attached. The specific name given by tichlechter havin^j
already been used under Xysmalohivm, necessitates the above change.

17. X. bellum, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 69. Stem
simple, stout, probably attaining 2 ft. or more in height, glabrous, with
one pubescent line, which alternates at the nodes. Leaves spre^iding ;
petiole 2-3 lin. long ; blade 2-3J in. long, ^-Ij in. broad, oblong or
cuneate-oblong, varying from acute to broadly subtruncate at the apex,
cuneate-acute at the base, flat or narrowly revolute along the margins,
glabrous on both sides. Umbels 1 to several, lateral at the nodes, 3-6-
flowered ; lower umbels pedunculate; peduncles 0-1 in. long, pubescent
along one side; bracts 2|-4 lin. long, subulate or linear-lanceolato,
glabrous; pedicels l-l\ in. long, stout, pubescent down one side.
Sepals 8i-4i lin. long, 2 lin. broad, ovate or ovate-oblong, acute,

?>]2 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.1^ (brown). [Xysmalobium.

glrinrous. Corolla 1 4-I ^ ^^- ^^ diam., campanulate, 5-lobefl almost to
the base, glabrous, dark purple- brown, speckled and streaked with white
or occasionally entirely dark purple-brown within; lobes 10-13 lin. long,
()-7 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes arising 2-2| lin. above
the base of the staminal-column and reaching to its top or slightly
exceeding it, 1 J-2 lin. long, erect, white, very stout, fleshy, oblong or
suborbicular, about as thick as broad, very convex on the back, flat
with 2 narrow keels on the inner face, obtusely rounded at the apex,
which is usually (always?) horizontally produced over the tips of the
anthers into a short stout beak, on each side of which the margin is
produced into a short deltoid tooth, also directed towards the anthers.
Staminal-column 3|-41 lin. long; anther-appendages broadly ovate,
obtuse or subacute, inflexed over the apex of the style. — K. Schum. in
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 425.

XWEozamb* I>ist. Britisli Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwainbo, Carson, 62 !
NvasalfJiid ; M:inganja Hills, near Sochi, 3000 ft., Kirk ! Blantyre, Buchanan, 43 !
Namasi, Cameron, 12 ! and without precise locality, Sitchanan, 603 ! Northern
KhocWin, Berrington !

Tins species, together wit'i A', spaihz'latiim X. Vj. Br., X. grande^ N. E. Br., and
X. CecilcBy N. E. Br., fonn a little group veiy similar in appearance, having larger
flowers than any other members of the genus. The keels and teeth on the inner face
of the coronal-lohes in this species and in X. spathulatum, establish their connection
w itli Aftclepias, but on iiccount ot the very thick flesliy nature of the coronal-lobes
and the cl().«e affinity of tliese species with .Y. Cecilce (whi( h has no teeth or keels on
the lobes), they ?eem to me better placed under Xysmalobium.

The plant enumerated as Schizoglossnm spathttJ atum by K, Scliumann in Ergler,
Jahrbiiciier, xxviii. 454, which was collected by Goetze (718) in Uhelie, German East
Africa, probably belongs here, rather than to X. spathnlatnm, N. ¥,. Br., although
Schumann regards these two as one species. See note under the latter.

18. X. spathulatum, X. E. Br. Stem .stout, 14-18 in. high,
simple, solitary, with one pubescent line alternating at the nodes.
Leaves spreading; petiole 2-5 lin. long; blade IJ-SJ in. long, |-2 in.
broad, cuneate-oblong or oblong, truncate retuse or very broadly
rounded at the apex, minutely apiculate, cuneate-acute .at the base, both
sides glabrous ; veins horizontally spreading. Umbels solitary and ter-
minal, or several lateral and terminal, the upper nearly or quite sessile,
the lower more or less pedunculate, 3-4-flowered ; peduncles up to 1 in.
long, pubescent ; bracts l|-4 lin. long, subulate, glabrous ; pedicels
|-1 in. long, pubescent along one side. Sepals 3-4J lin. long, 2-3 lin.
broad, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute, glabrous. Corolla cam-
panulate ; lobes 6-11 lin. long, 4-0 lin, broad; oblong, obtuse, gla-
brous, whitish, densely spotted or speckled with purple. Coronal-lobes
arising 2|^-3 lin. above the base of the staminal-column and reaching
only to about the middle of the anthers, 1-1 J Hn. long and the same in
breadth, about 1 lin. thick, fleshy, orbicular, very convex on the back,
just below the rounded apex is a short erect horn on the face, with a
small tooth produced from the margin on each side of it at or below the
middle. Anther-appendages elliptic-ovate, obtuse or subacute, inflexed
over the apex of the style. — SchizogJoss^cni spathv.latvm, K. Schum. in

Xi/smalobium.] lxxxv. asclepiade.k (brown). 313

Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 120, Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 233 and 234,
tig. 68, A-D, and in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 122; Durand ct
Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 102. Gomphocarpus 8pathulatits,Hch\echteT
in Journ. Bot. 1895, 269.

lower Guinea. Angola : near Malange, Mechow, 356 ; near Chamasango on
the River Quango (Kuaiigo), Mechow, 539a !

South Central. Congo Free State: Kongola Savanna, Buchner, 611;
Marangu (Marungu) district, De Beerst (ex Schunudm) ; Mpweto, on Lake Moero,
Descamps (ex Schumann).

In general appearance this plant closely resembles A', helium, N. E. Br., which
Dr. Schurannn considers to be identical with X.spaihulatum ; but after nn examina-
tion of one of type specimens {Mechow, 539a), whiih was sent to Kew by Profesnor
Engler and upon which the above description is cliiefly based, I am unable to adopt
this view, as the coronal-lobes are quite different in the two species. Tlie figure of
tliem in Engler & Prantl, Pttanzenfamilien is not quite accurate for Mechow. 539a, n»
regards the form of the lobes, or their length and position relative to that of the
anthers, but it is sufficiently correct to demonstrate bow different tbey are from those
of X. bellum.

19. ASCLEPIAS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 7:)4.

Calyx r)-partite. Corolla 5-lobed to below the middle or nearly to
the base, campanulate, subrotate, or refiexed ; lobes overlapping to the
left in bud. Corona of 5 lobes arising from the staminal-column, oppo-
site the anthers, variable in form, usually free to the base, but some-
times with the inflexed sides shortly adnate to the staminal-oolumn,
complicate-cucullate or channelled down the face, or at least with the
margins at the apex middle or base of the lobes inflexed and usually
forming a tooth on each side, never flat, with or without a tooth hoin
or crest on the face of the lobe within the cavity or between the inflexed
sides; sometimes 5 minute or rudimentary simple or bifid teeth or
pouch-like lobules alternate with the coronal-lobes at their base.
Staminal-column arising from the bottom of the corolla. Anthers
erect, with their membranous appendages inflexed over the apex of
the style or erect. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each anthei-
cell, attached to the pollen- carriers in pairs by short or long variously-
shaped caudicles. Style truncate or depressed and often umbonate at
the apex, not exceeding the anther-appendages, which partly cover i^..
Follicles variable in shape, smooth or softly echinate. Seeds crowned
with a tuft of hairs.— Perennial herbs or shrubs, often with a tuberous
rootstock or tuberous roots; juice milky. Stems simple or branched,
usually erect, rarely diflfuse. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers in
pedunculate or sessile umbels, lateral at the nodes or terminal.—
Gomphocarpus, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 7r)3. Stathmc-
stelma, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 129.

A large genus, distributed througliout Africa and the warmer jmrts of North an.l
South America, with 2 species in Arabia and the Orient, and 2 natumlised in mo«t
warm regions.

314 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Asclepius.

I am quite unable to retain Gomphocarpus as generically distinct from Asclepiasj
they have been united by Baillon (Histoire des Plantes, x. 225), and likewise by
Sehlechter (Journal of Botany, 1895, 334). The only distinctive character assigned
to these two genera is the presence of a horn or other appendage within the cucullate
or folded part of the coronal-lobes in Asclepias, and its absence in Oomphocarpua,
but this proves to be an untenable character, and if used as a generic distinction
would place species that are evidently most closely related to each other into different
genera, as, for example, A. tenuifolia, N. E. Br. and A. filiformis, Benth. & Hook,
f., A. angustata, N. E. Br. and A, macrantha, Hochst. ; whilst in A, coccinea,
X. E. Br., the horn is well developed in some specimens and entirely absent in
others, thus requiring to be placed in b. th genera. The eame variation occurs
in the genera Margaretta, Schizoglossum and Cynanchum, some species having the
tooth or process (which corresponds to the horn of Asclepias) present, whilst in
others it is entirely absent, thus fully demonstrating that this character is of no
"•eneric value. The genus St at km ost elm a proposed by K. Schumann for those
species having broad caudicles, also appears to me to be quite untenable, as I find a
gradual series of variations from the shoit and slender up to the long and broad
caudicles, the two extremes being very different, but I consider them to he only of
specific value. I have refi*ained Irom describing the pollen apparatus in the follow-
ing pages, for, being complicated, details concerning them, however concise, would
lengthen the descriptions considerably and serve no useful purpose.

*Leaves never more than 5 times as long as broad,
usually much less, ^-4 in. broad, oblong, ovate,
ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, never linear.
fLraves cordate, subhastate or obtuse at the base.

Umbel solitary, terminal, dense, 25-30- flowered . 1. A. densiflora.
Umbels 2-many to a stem, lacemosely arranged
along its upper part or corymbosely clustered
at its top, very rarely (in weak specimens)
solitary and then not strictly terminal.
Peduncles and pedicels glabrous ; leaves sessile
or subsessile, cordate at the base, gla-
brous.
Leaves elliptic-ovate, obtuse or broadly sub-
acute . . . . . . . 2. A. semiamplectens.

Leaves elongate-ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

tailoring to an acute point . . . 3. ^. glancophylla.

Peduncles and pedicels pubescent or subtomen-
tose; leaves distinctly but sometimes shortly
petiolate.
Pubescence rust-coloured or deep tawnv ;
coronal-lobes subquadrate, solid, with a
split beak ...... 4. A. fnlva.

Pubescence not rust-coloured nor tawny.
Coronal-lobes with a papillate line decurrent
from each side tooth and a crested
appendage within ; corolla-lobes ^ in.
long . . . . . . Q. A. odorata.

Coronal-lobes with a 'simple horn or appen-
dage within the cavity, no decurrent
papillate lines j corolla-lobes .|-| in.
long, red.
Sepals 2-2^ lin. long; staminal-column

2 lin. long 10. .4. pachyclada.

Asclepias.

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE^ (bROWN).

long ; staminal-column

815

Sepals 4-6 lin.
3 lin. long

Coronal-lobes without a horn or appendaee
within. ^

Coronal-lobes distinctly shorter than the
staniinal-column • , . .

Coronal-lobes reaching to the level of the
top of the staminal-colunin or be-
yond.

Coronal-lobes complicate, glabrous
within.
Inflexed sides of the coronal-lobes
broad, soniewliat hatchet-
sl)a])ed, truncate, rising above
tlie level of the apex of the
lobe • . . .

Inflexed sides of the coronal-lobes
produced at the middle into
deltoid acute teeth.
Leaves elongate-ovate, tapering to
an acute apex; peduncles
2|-4 in. long
Leaves oblong, scarcely or not
at all narrovvmg towards the
apex; peduncles i-1 in. long
Coronal-lobes cucullate, at "least in the
basal part, papillose or with a
transverse papillate-pubescent line
within. (See also 44. A. schn-
manniana in which the leaves
are sometimes rounded at the
base.)
Coronal-lobes 1-2 lin. long; sta-

minal-column 1| lin. long
Coronal-lobes 2i lin. long; staminal-
column 4 lin. long .
tfLeaves acute or cuneate at the base. (See also
1. A. densiflora, in which the leaves are some-
times cuneate at the ba.se.)
Leaves 1-2^ in. long; corolla-lobes not icflexed.
Corolla violaceous or veined with violet-purple,
often drying dark brown ....

Corolla pink or white. (See 48. A. moden'ta and
47. A. rubella.)
Leaves 2^-5 in. long; corolla-lobes reflexed.
Corolla red ......

Corolla white or greenish-white
**Leaves narrow, at least 5 (usually 10-20) times as long as
broad, linear, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, never
broader at the base than at its middle.
fUmbels racemosely ai-ranged along the stem one above
another (not subcorymbose), several or numerous,
rarely only 3-4 to a stem ; peduncles all sub-
equal.
^Leaves much exceeding the peduncle and usually

11. A. specfahili/i.

A. lineolafa.

G. A. Sr// /rein //',•/ //it.

I . A. conxpirua.
8. A. rohi'tifa.

48.

A. mod est a.
A. rubella.

44. A. schtniinmiiana.

A. curasxavicn.
A. Phtisocarpa.

^316 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEiE (bROWn). [Aic/epios,

as long or longer than the umbel arising fmm
the siiine node.
Coronal-lobes overtopping the staminal-colmnn
by about lialf their length.
Corolla glabrous outsi(ie ; coronal-lobes m itli a
tooth at the niicUlle or apex of their
inflexed sides.
Coronal-lobes 4i-7i lin. long, with the freth

extending over the starainal-colunin . 12. A. giidiilijiora.
Coronal-lobes 3 lin. long, witli the teeth
partly within the lobe, retiexed tow..rds

its dorsal apex 23. A. albida.

Corolla white-tomentose outside ; coronal-
lobes 2-3 lin. lon>r, entire, without teeth 2-A. A. inferjra.
Coronal-lobes or the median-horn with which
they are furnished within, overtopping the
staminal- column by much le*s than half
their length, 1^-3 lin. long.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate ; corolla -

lobes red, 2^-3 lin. long . . .15. A. cnra.tsavica.

Leaves linear-filiform ; corolla-lobes 2-2^ lin.

long, whitish 27. A.filiformia.

J eaves linear ; corolla-lobes 8-9 lin. long . l^.^A. Uxidufhoides.
Coronal-lobes not overtopping the staminal-
coluran, sometimes shorter than it, with or
without a median tooth or horn inside,
sometimes varying in this character in
different flowers on the same specimen.
§Coi(mal-lobes with a distinct tooth arising
within or at the apical angles or
middle of the entire or denticulate top
margin of each of their inflexed sides.
(In A. leucocarpa the teeth ai*e very
minute.)
Teeth arising from or within the top margin
of the coronal-lobes directed backwards,
straight or curved.
Coronal-lobes very distinctly shorter than
the staminal-column, denticulate
along the top mai'gin ; fruit inflated,

obtuse 13. ^. semihniata.

Coronal-lobes reaching to the top of the
staminal-column, entire along the
top margin, but the teeth are some-
times denticulate ; fruit not inflated,
long-pointed.
Finiit beset with bristle-like processes.
Bristles of the fruit distinctly pubt s-

cent with spreading hairs . 17. A. pvlii-sotn.

Br sties of the fruit glabrous or with
very minute adpressed pubes-
cence.
Top n;argin of the coronal-lobes
without a cut or notch at the
base of the teeth.

Asclej)ias.]

18.

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE.E (bUOWN),

Coronal-lobes oblong, much
longer than broad viewed
sideways, the lower mnrgin
of the tooth rising clear
above the top margin of
the lobe . . . ^

Coronal-lobes subquadra'te, as
broad as long viewed side-
ways, the lower margin of
the tooth about level with
the top margin of the lobe 20.
margin of the coronal- lobes
with a cut or notch at the
base of tiie teeth, which are
partly within the lobe.
Stems unbranched, stout ;

corolla §-3 in. in diam. .' 22.
Stems branched ; bianches

Top

A. fruticosa.

A.flavida.

corolla I

iiny processes,

slender
diam.
Fruit s.iiooth, without

long-beaked ...
Teeth arising from the top margin of tht
coronal-lobes erect.
Stems unbranched; leaf- pairs 5-8 to a

stem, 2-3 in. distant
Steins branched ; leaf -pairs very numer-
ous, |-li in. distant.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
i-| in. broad ; teeth of coronal-
lobes forming a short broad lobule
which is often produced into an
erect point on the dorsal side
Leaves narrowly linear, ^-1 lin. broad ;
teeth of coronal-lobes minute,
usually with a small notch in
front of them ...
• Teeth of the coional-lo!)es produced from the
apex of the inner margin, horizontally
directed over the tips of the antiiers,
acute; branches very slender; le.ves

lincar-filifoi m

§§ Coronal-lobes with the top and inner margins
meeting at a somewhat rectangularly
acute angle, but not produced into dis-
tinct teeth.
Follicles inflated, subglobose, very obtuse,
bristly

Follicles ovoid- lanceolate, acuminate, bristly 26
JJLeaves on the flowering part of the stem shorter
than or not exceeding the peduncle arising
from the same node ; coronal-lobes thickened
^^^ papillate along the top margin . . 31,

tfUmbels solitary and tenninal or 2-6 to a stem, sub-
corymbose or somewhat clustered at its toj), all

21

19,

A. rihyssiiiica.

A. Phillip sice.
A. rostrata.

30. A. amabilis.

16.

29.

28.

25,

A. phifsocarpa.
A. leticocarpa.

A. tenuifolia.

A. Frederici.
A. Burchellii,

A. lutiyissima.

318 Lxxxv. AscLEPiADE^ (brown). [Asclepios.

reaching to nearly the same general level ; lower
peduncles usually much longer than the upper.
(See also 14. A. curassavica, in which the
umbels are subcorymbose whilst in flower, after-
wards becoming racemose.)
Peduncles usually all much more than 2 in. long,
the lower 3—11 in. long ; coronal-lobes with
erect or horizontal teeth (lateral teeth) arising
from their inflexed sides and with or without
a median horn or tooth on their inner face.
(See also 35 A. Welwitschii, which may, per-
haps, sometimes have longer peduncles than
in the specimens I have seen.)
Apex of the coronal-lobes not or scarcely pro-
duced beyond the level of the Interal teeth.
Umbel solitary j corolla-lobes 3-35 l'^^- l^^g • 34. A. coccinea.
Umbels 2-4 to a stem; corolla-lobes 4r-6 lin.

long . . . . . . . Zo. A. macrantha.

Apex of the coronal-lobes produced much beyond
the lateral teeth.
Corolla-lobes 3-4 lin. Icng, reflexed almost to

the pedicel 42. A. rejlexa.

Corolla-lobes 6 lin. long, spreading . . 37. A. laurentiana.

Corolla-lobes li— 2 lin. long, spreading . . 43. A. aurea.

Uppermost (and often all of the) peduncles less
than 2 in. long ; in a few species the
lowest peduncles are 3-6 in. long.
:|;C^oronal-lobes overtopping the staminal-column
by f-21 lin.
Coronal-lobes furnished with a median tooth
or hoin on their inner face at or below
the apex, and their inflexed sides pro-
duced into falcite or deltoid teeth.
Leaves glabrous, 1-4 lin. broad.

Corolla yellow or orange within;

coronal-lobes 2j-2| Im. long . 36. A. Welwitschii,
Corolla red within ; coronal-lobes 3^-4

lin. long ..... 38. A. rhacodes.
Leaves pubescent or subtomentose, i— 1

lin. broad; corolla geeenish within . 39. A.propinqua.
Coronal-lobes without a median tooth or
horn on their inner face.
Terminal part of the coronal-lobes pro-
duced much beyond the cucullate
part into a long linear point . 52. A. Randii.

Terminal part of the coronal-lobes not
produced into a long linear point.
Coronal-lobes widening upwards to
1^ lin. broad across the side at
the teeth ; poUen-caudicles with a
very broad upper part. . . 40. A. angustata.
Coronal-lobes of about equal width
throughout, f lin. broad across
the side ; pollen - caudicles fili-
lorm ..... 53. A. eminens.

Asclepias.]

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE.*: (bROWX).

:J19

:J:JCoronal-lobes never overtoppincr the staininal

column by more thrtii .] a lin., usually

only reaching to the same level or

shorter than it.

§Coronal-lobes much shorter than tlie

statninal-cohunn, nearly filled with

a tuft of pubescent or p;ipillate

filaments, which are erect from tlie

base ......

§§ Coronal-lobes pubescent or papillate-
pubescent in the basal part or along
a transverse band or line at or
below the middle within, but with-
out a tuft of filaments.
Coronal-lobes with a small external
pouch on each side at the
middle . . . . ,

Coronal lobes without external pouches.
Coronal-lobes arising .]-l| lin. above
the base of the stauiinal-
column.
Corolla pink, hairy on the out-
side .....

Corolla not pink, glabrous on both
sides .....

Coronal-lobes arising at the base
of the staminal-column.
Tips of the coronal-lobes strictly
erect ; leaves I5-6 lin. broad.
Corolla veined with violet or
rosy - purple, sometimes
dark-coloured in the dried
state.
Hairs within the coronal-
lobes flat, scale-like, in
a transverse band at the
very base of the cucul-
late p irt
Hairs within the coronal-
lobes terete, in a trans-
verse band at the very
top of the cucuUate
part ....

Corolla white or pale rosy in
the dried state, not veined
within.
Coronal-lobes abruptly cnoul-
late in the basal part, with
a small erect oblong obtuse
tooth on each side .
Coronal-lobes gradually nar-
rowed from the base to the
obtuse apex, with a small
subacute tooth inflexed
within on each side

50. A. palustris.

41. A. muhiiidensis.

47. A. ntbel/a.

46. A. (lissohita.

44. A. schionaitnitiia.

45. A. piilchella.

48. A. mod est a.

19. A.foliosa,

320 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Asclepios.

Tips of the coroual-lobes stel-
lately spreading ; leaves ^-f
lin. broad .... 51. A. i^ygmcBa.
§§§Cor()ii;il-lobe3 glabrous and without
•A tooth or horn within, truncate
at the top.
Lea\es glabrous; corolla - lobes
glabrous, whitish within, dull
purple - brown with white
margins on the back . . 32. A. Nxittii.

Leaves puberulous beneath ;
corolla-lobes puberulous on
tlie back, spotted with brown,
whitish at the tips . . 33. A. sphacelata.

1. A. densiflora, X. E. Br. Stems somewhat decumbent and
branching at the base, IJ-lJ lin. thick, with internodes f-2^ in. long,
somewhat roughly hairy or subhispid. Leaves shortly petiolate,
spreading ; petiole 1-2 lin. long, stout, subhispid ; blade l:j-2J in. long,
4-G lin. broad, gradually tapering from the rounded cuneate sub-
truncate subhastate or subcordate base to an acute apex, often crisped
or wavy on the margins, coarsely pubescent on both sides. Umbel
solitary, terniinal,25-50-flowered, dense, 1-1 1 in. in diam. ; peduncle
2-5|- in. long, stout, coarsely pubescent ; pedicels 4-8 lin. long, his-
pidulous. Sepals IJ lin. long, | lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
thinly pubescent with spreading hairs. Corolla reflexed, glabrous on
both sides ; lobes 2| lin. long, l|-2 lin. broad, ovate, subobtuse, dull
purple on the apical part. Coronal-lobes arising \-\ lin. above the base
of the staminal-column, and overtopping it by about J a lin., 1|-1 J lin.
long, about 1 lin. broad across the side at the top, somewhat obovate-
oblong, obtusely rounded or subtruncate at the top, rather thick and
fleshy, somewhat clawed in the basal part, complicate above, with the
inflexed sides shortly produced into an obtuse deltoid tooth over the
staminal-column, no tooth within, apparently yellow. Staminal-column
1-1 J lin. long; anther-wings exceedingly prominent, broadly triangular
in outline, f lin. long, ^-| lin. broad at the middle ; anther-appendages
orbicular, about J lin. in diam., inflexed on the depressed-truncate
apex of the style.

Mozamb. Bist. Khodeoia ; between Sali.sbury and Buliwayo, common, Hon.
Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 78 !
Also in South Africa.

2. A. sexniaxnplectens, Iliern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 685.
Stems 1-2-2 ft. high, simple, moderately stout, glabrous or with two
puberulous lines, very leafy. Leaves suberect, sessile or subsessile,
1 J-3 in. long, |-2J in. broad, cordate or cordate oblong,' obtuse or sub-
acute, subamplexicaul at the base, both sides glabrous. Umbels lateral,
6-8-flowered; " flowers nodding " (Welwitsch); peduncles rather slender,
glabrous, ];|-2 in. long; bracts 1^-2 lin. long, subulate, glabrous;
pedicels 1 J-l| in. long, glabrous. Sepals 2^-3 lin. long, oblong, obtuse-

Asclepias.] lxxxv. AscLEriADE.'E (brown). ;J21

glabrous. Corolla 7-9 lin. in diam., rotate-campanulate ; lobes 4 lin.
long, 3 lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, subacute, glabrous, with one margin
very minutely ciliolate. Coronal-lobes arising about ^ lin. above, or
decurrent to, the base of the staminal column, and attaining the same
level, '2h lin. long, ascending-spreading, complicate, truncate, the inner
angles of the inflexed sides scarcely produced ; no tooth within.
Anther-appendages ovate, obtuse. Follicles (unripe only seen) 'J in. long,
|-1 in. thick, inflated-ovate, acute, smooth and glabrous. — Gomj)hocar/)us
seniiamjdectens, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. li^K, and in Engl, ik
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 286 ; Durand A: Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo,
i. 193.

ZiOwer Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo; in a lliickpt near Cuzella, W<l-
loitsch, 4188 ! near Malange, Mechow, 328.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State: near Mukengf, Pogfje, 100(j, Ju77, 11 il.
and hetween the Luhilasli and Lomami Kivers, Pogge^ 1037 (I'X Srhiim<in>i).

3. A. glaucophylla, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1H90, \:y.). A stout
herb with milky juice, about 3 ft. high, glabrous in all parts. Stems
\ in. or more in diam. Leaves opposite, sessile, 3^-0 in. long, \-'l\i in.
broad, elongate-ovate, acute or somewhat acuminate, cordate, with
rounded stem-clasping lobes at the base, glaucous, blueish-green ;
margins flat, smooth. Umbels several, lateral at the nodes, pedunculate,
7-15-flowered ; peduncles 1-1 J in> long; bracts 2^—4 lin. long. \ lin.
long, linear, acute; pedicels 8-15 lin. long. Sepals 3 lin. long. l-H lin.
broad, oblong, subacute, ciliate, reflexed. Corolla reflexed. .")-lobed
nearly to the base, light green ; lobes 4J,-C lin. long, 2^-4 lin. broail,
subobtuse, very minutely ciliate along one margin. Coronal -lobes
arising \ lin. above the base of the staminal-column and reaching to
the same level, erect, 2-2^ lin. long, lo-2^ lin. broad across the side,
compressed-cucuUate, broadly oblong or subquadrate in outline, truncate
at the top with the apical angle of the sides produced into a short acute
point, no tooth or horn within, yellowish-brown. Staminal-column '1\
lin. long ; anthers somewhat deltoid-oblong, their horny margins slightly
dilated at the base, their appendages 1 lin. long, \ lin. broad, oblong,
obtuse, inflexed over and concealing the truncate apex of the style,
which is about 1 lin. in diam. Follicles 3i in. or more long, about '\ in.
thick, fusiform, obtuse, with a few stout compressed linear obtuse pro-
cesses 2-4 lin. long in the upper part. — S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902,
255. Gomj^hocarpus glaucophyllus, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xviii.
Beibl. 45, 19.

IMozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Khodesia ; identifiU near ^^ali^l)ln•y.
Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil., 57 ! Rayid, 185 (ex -S. Moore).

Also in South Africa.

4. A. fulva, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 254. Plant 1-2 ft.
high. Stems simple with a close pubescence of minute, jointe<l. rust-
coloured hairs. Leaves ascending or suberect, the lower with }>etioles
1-2 lin. long, the uppermost subsessile ; blade H-3 in. long, A-1 in.
broad, oblong, subacute, emarginate or subcordate at the base, both sides

322 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Asclepias,

covered with minute rust-coloured jointed hairs when young, glabrescent
with age, scabrid on the margins. Umbete lateral and terminal, 6-8-
flowered ; peduncles 1-2 in. long, pubescent like the stem, as are also
the 6-9 lin. long pedicels. Sepals 3 lin. long, linear-lanceolate, acute,
spreading or reflexed, rusty-puberulous. Corolla reflexed-rotate, about
1 in. in diam. ; lobes 5 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, ovate, subacute or sub-
obtuse, with the apex minutely bifid, rusty-puberulous and purple-
brown on the outside, dull orange within. Coronal-lobes arising 1 lin.
above the base of the staminal-column and reaching to its top, 2 lin.
long, compressed, subquadrate viewed sideways, with the inner side
longest, truncate at the base, obliquely truncate at the top, produced
over the tips of the anthers into an acuminate beak, which is split to its
base like a pen-nib, otherwise the lobe is solid, yellowish with a narrow
dark purple projecting rim around the top and base ; a narrow wing
runs down from the beak near the inner margin on each side. Staminal-
column 3 lin. long. Anther-appendages rounded, obtuse, inflexed over
the apex of the style. — A. rubicunda, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895,
336. Gomphocarpus rubicundus, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 382.

KTile Iiand. Uganda: Buddu, on a dry plateau, aSco/^-^'^Zio^, 74-43! on dry
grHs*y hills on the east side of Lake Albei-t Kdward, Scott Elliot, 8088 ! and with-
out precise localit} , inison, 112 !

Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Unyika ; Uwurungu Mountain, 7200
ft., Goefze, 1456 (ex Schumann).

Eemarkable for its close rusty pubescence.

T). A. lineolata^ Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 336 partly.
Roots fleshy, fusiform, fascicled. Stems stout, 2-4 ft. high, more or
less hairy in the upper part. Leaves ascending or spreading ; petiole
\-\ in. long; blade 2-4^ in. long, f-2 in. broad, or the uppermost
sometimes only \-\ in. broad, oblong, ovate-oblong, or occasionally the
upper ones lin"ear-o"^blong, obtuse or subacute, apiculate, cordate, emar-
ginate or rounded at the base, both sides scaberulous, narrowly revolute
and scabrous along the margins. Umbels several; lateral and terminal,
pedunculate, 4-10-flowered ; peduncles |-5J in. (usually 2-3 in.) long,
more or less pilose ; bracts 1 J-4 lin. long, pilose ; pedicels \-\\ in. long,
pilose. Sepals 3-3-| liii. long, lanceolate, acute, or attenuate, pilose.
Corolla about 1 in. or rather more in diam., rotate or the lobes slightly
reflexed ; lobes 5-6 lin. long, 3-3J hn. broad, oblong-ovate, acute, pilose
or puberulous on the back, more or less ciliolate, veined with rosy-
purple on a whitish green ground, varying from white to purple {Wel-
witsch). Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the staminal-column
and \ shorter or almost equalling it in length, 2|— 3 lin. long, purple,
spreading, closely complicate, adnate to the column up to the anthers,
produced at the apex into a stout, <^onical, complicate, erect or incurved
tooth or point, between which and the base the margins rise into broad
deltoid obtuse erect teeth, with their inner edges pressed against the
back of the anthers, with a wing-like flap or ridge forming a small
pocket on each side of the lobe at the base of the apical tooth. Anther-
appendages very broad, rounded, inflexed over the apex of the style.

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). /rj'd

Follicles 3-4 in. long, 2 in. in diam., inflated, ellipsoid, obtuse,
smooth, glabrous. — Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. :>0H ;
Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xvi. G8 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI.
Welw. i. G85. A. lineolatus, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 19U2. 200.
GoTiiphocaiyus lineolatus, Deene. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser, ix. (1H;3h)
320, and in DC. Prod. viii. 558 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xvii. 120; in Eugl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322, and in Engl, ct Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 237; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 1!)3;
De Wild, k Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. ii. 41. G. bisaccidatus^
Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 341.

Upper Guinea. Niger Protectorate : Nupe, Barter, 1323 a !

JTlle Xiand. Jur : Jur Gh:jtt:is, Schioeinfurth, 2000 ! Boii^'o : I)y the River
Moroko, Schioeinfurth, 3982 ! by the River Lehssi, Schioeinfurth, lOOO ! U^iiiula : bv
tlie River Wiini, 6000 ft , Scott-Elliot, 7881 ! British East Africa: near Mumbasa,
Wakefield ! Hildebrandi, 19 J 3 !

£o\eer Guinea. Lower Congo : nehr Dolo, Schlechter, 12807 (ex Schlechter),
and without precise locality, Laurent, 10-1 (ex Durand ^ Schinz). Angola :
C izen JO ; by the River Luze, Welioilsch, 4:1^2 \ Puiigo Aiulongo ; near rivers and
in thicket-s, Wehoitsch, 41^3! 4184! 4185! 4186! 4187! Huiila ; busl.v places
between Erne and Quipungo, Welwitsch, 4192 ! in the territory of Cahnngulu,
Marqtce.9, 203 (ex Henriques) ; Ainboella ; by the Kubango River, above Kniniarva,
3600 ft., Baum, 460 !

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Luazi, Luja, (ex De Wild, tj- Durand).

Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 3600-5000 ft., Johnston f
Vol kens, 2129 I Portuguese East Africa: Shupanga, A'i>^ .' banks of the River
Shire near Morambala, Kirk, 74! British Central Afrira : Urungu; Fwambo,
Carson, 41 ! 61 ! Nyasaland ; Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whi/te ! Mount
Mlai.ji, Scott-Elliot, 8668 ! Purves, 92 ! Chikala, 2000 ft., Furves, 9 ! Shire
Valley, Waller/ Rhodesia: huluwdyo. Rand / near Salisbury, J?an(/ .' Hon. Mrs.
Evelyn Cecil, 66 ! Leshumo Valley, Holtib, 550 !

0. A. Schweinfiirthii, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1S05, 25;].
Stems 2 ft, or more high, simple, pubescent. Leaves spreading ; petiole
1-2 lin. long ; blade 2-3J in. long, 1-2J in. broad, cordate, obtuse, or
lanceolate-ovate with a cordate base and subobtuse apex, apiculate, gla-
brous, slightly rough beneath, narrowly revolute and scabrid at the
margins. Umbels i-G-flowered, lateral ; peduncles 1 J-.')^ in. long,
pubescent ; bracts 3-5 lin. long, linear-subulate, pubescent ; pedicels
8-12 lin. long, pubescent. Sepals 4 lin. long, lanceolate-attenuate,
acute, pubescent. Corolla rotate-campanulate, 1 in. or rather more in
diam. ; lobes h in. long, 3-3J lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, acute, puberulous
on the back, ciliolate on one margin. Coronal-lobes radiately ascending
from the base of the staminal-column and attaining to the sjime level as
it, 3-3| lin. long, l|-2 lin. high, complicate, produced at the apex
beyondthe broad hatchet-shaped wings or sides of the complicate part
into a short oblong obtuse lobe. Staminal-column '2), lin. long ; antiier-
appendages subreniform or suborbicular, obtuse, inflexed over the trun-
cate apex of the style. — A. liiieolata, Schlechter in Journ. Bet. I.'^lk),
33G, partly.

?,24: Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^E (brown). [Ascle2nas.

WTile Ziand. Jur: Jiir Ghattas, Schweinfarth, 1960! Uganda: BudJu,
Scolt-miiot, 7533 !

7. A. conspicua, 3" E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 189.3, 258. Plant
15 in. or more high ; stems branching and apparently decumbent at the
base, subhispid. Leaves distant, ascending; petiole 1-8 lin. long; blade
1tW2^, in. long, T^-1 in. or rather more broad, elongate, ovate, acute,
cordate at the base, scabrid on both sides. Umbels 2-3 to a stem, ter-
minal and lateral, 8— 1-flowered ; peduncles subhispid, 2i— 4 in. long ;
bracts 2-^ lin. long, subulate, hispidulous ; pedicels 5-7 lin. long,
hispidulous. Sepals 8-4 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, hispidulous.
Corolla 1-]| in. in diam., rotate-campanulate ; lobes G-7 lin. long,
4-4^1 lin. broad, elliptic-oblong, subacute, ciliolate, puberulous on the
back. Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the staminal-column and
twice as long as it, but radiately ascending, so as to reach to about the
same level, 4 lin. long, oblong, complicate, bicarinate on the face
between the infiexed sides which are produced below the middle into
broad deltoid subacute erect teeth. Anther-appendages orbicular-ovate,
emarginate, inflexed over the apex of the style.

IVXozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, Carson, 12 !

8. A. robusta, N.E. Br. Stems 2-4 ft. high, simple, stout, pubes-
cent below, more or less tomentose in the upper part. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 1-4 lin. long ; blade 2-4-i in. long, 1 -2J in. broad, oblong or ovate-
oblong, obtuse^apiculate, cordate or rounded at the base,pubescent-scabrid
on both sides, scabrous on the margins. Umbels lateral and terminal,
6-12-flowered ; peduncles -|-1 in. hmg, tomentose ; bracts 3-4 lin. long,
linear, acute ; pedicels |-1 in. long, tomentose. Sepals 4-5 lin. long,
2 lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute, with a short spreading pubescence.
Corolla rotate, ^\~^h in. in diam. ; lobes 7-8 lin. long, 4-li lin. broad,
elliptic-oblong, acute, pubescent on the back. Coronal-lobes 8-9 lin.
long, stellately ascending, spreading from the base of the staminal-column
and three times as long as it, narrowly complicate, linear-acuminate and
channelled in the apical part, with the inflexed sides produced just
below the middle into subfalcate teeth projecting over the apex of the
style ; no tooth within. Staminal-column 2.^-0 lin. long ; anther-ap-
pendages rounded, inflexed over the apex of the style. — Gonvphocarjms
rohustus, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 40, t. 70 ; Oliver in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxix. 110 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 8v2, and in Engl.
k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 237. G. drepancste p.'anus, Hochst. ex
Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 110.

irile Iiand. Abyssinia : near Jelajeranne towards the Tacazze River, Schimper,
1673 • Shireii Province, Qtiartin- Dillon ! Uganda : Unyoro, Spel-e ^ Grant, 555 !

9. A. odorata, jY. E. Br. Stems erect, simple, about 20 in.
high, 2 J lin. thick, minutely tomentose above. Leaves petiolate ;
petiole IJ- 7 lin. long, channelled above, puberulous ; blade 3:|-7J in.
long, |-2^\ in. broad, oblong or oblong 4anceolate, acute, broadly cuneate

(

Aschpias.] Lxxxv. asclepiade^e (brown). ;>25

or rounded at the base, very minutely scabrid-puberulous gn both
sides. Umbels lateral at the nodes, few or many-flowered ; peduncles
4-J-16J lin. long, minutely tomentose; pedicels 14-1(*.J lin. long, minutely
tomentose. Sepals \ in. long, subulate-lanceolate, tomentose on the
back. Corolla lobed nearly to the base, orange-red ; lobes about ;^ in.
long, oblong, acute, minutely papillate. Coronal-lobes arising ^ Hn.
above the base of the staminal-column and very much longer,
4^ lin. long, o-lobed, furnished within below the terminal-lobe with a
crested appendage, and with two papillate lines decurrent from the
acute side lobes. Staminal-column 1^ lin. long, reaching only to the
middle appendage of the coronal-lobes ; antlier-appenrlages large.
Follicles 3 ^-4 J in. long, fusiform, beaked, minutely papillate. — St(<(h-
mostehna odoratAim, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 457.

Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa ; Uhehe : near Sula, 4200 ft., Goftze,
498.

I have not seen this species. If the measurements given are correct, tlie
coronal-lobes are about 3 times as long as the staminal-column.

10. A. pachyclada, X. E. Br. A stout bush about ?> ft. high,
with flowering-stems 8-12 in. long and 3^-4-i lin. thick at the Vjase,
subtomentose above with dusky olive-green hairs. Leaves membranous ;
petiole up to h in. long, somewhat sulcate, papillate ; blade ^J-S^ in.
long, 1J-4J in. broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, mucronate,
rounded or subcordate at the base, subtomentose when young, after-
wards with minute scattered hairs on both sides. Umbels lateral at
the nodes, few-flowered, pedunculate; pedicels 1-1 A in. long, minutely
subtomentose. Sepals 2-2\ lin. long, subulate, puberulous on both
sides. Corolla large, 5-lobed almost to the base, red-brown ; lobes about
8i lin. long, oblong, acute, minutely papillate within. Coronal-lobes
3-lobed, lateral lobes acuminate, middle lobe obtuse, furnished within
with a triangular appendage. Staminal-column 2 lin. long. — Stathmo-
stelma pachycladum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 458.

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa: Uhehe; in Iriiiga near Kigonsire,
4200 ft., Qoeize, 531.

I h.ive not seen this plant, which may prove to be identical with A. spectabilis,
N. E. Br.

11. A. spectabilis, N. E, Br. in Kew Bulletin, 189"), 254. Stems
3-4 ft. high, stout, pubescent, with milky juice. Leaves somewhat
ascending, herbaceous; petiole 1-6 lin. long; blade 3i-7 in. long, 1-2
in. broad, lanceolate, tapering to an acute point, cuneately or sub-
truncately rounded at the base, pubescent on both sides. Umbels
lateral and terminal, probably 5-G-flowered ; peduncles J-lJ in. long,
pubescent; bracts 2-2^ lin. long, subulate; pedicels J-l^ in. long,
pubescent, at least down one side. Sepals 4-(; lin. long, lanceolate,
acuminate, pubescent. Corolla rotate-campanulate, \\ in. in diam. ;
lobes J in. long, 3-i^ lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, more or less replicate,
sparsely pubescent'on the back towards the apex and puberulous within
along one margin. Coronal-lobes arising '{-I lin. above the base of the

32(5 LXXXY. ASCLEPiADE.E (brown). [Asclepios.

stnminal-column and J longer than it, 4 lin. long, erect, gibbous on each
•side at about \ the way up from the base, apical half concave-com-
plicate, oblong-ovate, obtuse, margins just above the middle produced
over the apex of the style into falcate and acute, or linear-oblong,
truncate or obtuse teeth, within the middle of the face of the lobe an
erect, snbu'ate and acute, or compressed linear-oblong, obtuse or truncate
horn, Ih lin. long. Staminal-column 3 lin. long; anther-appendages
orbicular-oblong, obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style.

IVIozaml}. I>lst. Bi'ltish Central Africa : Nyasaland : Magoinera, 3000 ft.,
Waller ! near Blantyre, Last! Chikala, 2000 ft., Furves, 74 ! and without precise
loca'iry, Buchanan, 411 ! 553 !

" lioot tubirous, eatable, beans eatable," Waller. A very handsome speciis, the
flowers appear to be carmine or scarlet-red, with a yellow corona.

12. A. gigantiflora, ^\ E. Br. Stems probably attaining a
height of 2-3 ft., branched at the base. Leaves sessile or subsessile,
3^-01^ in. long, 1-3J lin. broad, elongate-lanceolate or linear, acuminate,
glabrous, pubescent on the revolute margins and midrib. Umbels
several, lateral and terminal, about 3-flowered ; peduncles 1-^—4 in. long,
pubescent along one side. Bracts 2-8 lin. long, linear, acuminate, ciliate ;
pedicels 1^-2 in. long, pubescent along the inner side. Sepals 4|— 7J
lin. long, 1^-3 J lin. broad, lanceolate or ovate, acute, more or less
pubescent on the back. Corolla rotate, l\-^\ in. in diam. or rather
more ; lobes f-1 in. long, 4-4 J lin. broad, oblong, acute, glabrous on
both sides. Coronal-lobes arising IJ lin. above the base of the staminal-
column and much overtopping it, 4J-7J lin. long, complicate in the
apical part, solid below, obliquely truncate, with the inflexed margins
produced into falcate teeth, curved upwards over the tips of the anthers,
no horn within. — Stathmostehiui gigantiflorum, K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xvii. 129, t. 6, fig. A-C ; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322; and
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 240 and 241, fig. 70, A-C ;
Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 333.

Wile Iiand. British East Africa : Makindu Mountains, Scott-ElUot, 6283 !

IVIozaxnb. Dist. German East Africa : near Rekoma, Bohm, 24.

I have not seen tlie type of this plant ; the petioles are stated to be op to 4^ lines
Innjr, but the leaves are represented as subsessile or with very short petioles in tlie
fijjure. The smaller dimensions in tlie above description are taken from Scott-
Elliot's specimen, which appears to be identical with Bohm's pLmt except in tlie size
of the tlowers.

13. A. lisianthoides, JSf. E. Br. Stem erect, simple, 10 in. or
more high, with one puberulous line alternating at the nodes. Leaves
more or less recurving, subsessile, 2|-4 in. long, lJ-3 lin. broad, linear,
acute, glabrous. Umbels lateral at the nodes and terminal, racemose
along the upper part of the stem, pedunculate, 3-4-flowered ; peduncles
|-J in. long ; bracts 1| lin. long, subulate; pedicels G-7 lin. long,
glabrous. Sepals lJ-1 jlin. long, f-f lin. broad, lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, glabrous. Corolla large, lobed nearly to the base, quite
glabrous ; lobes apparently campanulately spreading, f in. long, J in.

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 327

broad, somew}iat elliptic-oblong, very obtuse, narrowly reflexed along
the margins, recurved at the apex. Coronal-lobes arising U lin. above
the base of the staminal-column and overtopping it by about J of their
length, 3-3;^ lin. long about 1 lin. broad measured either way, erect,
fleshy, narrowly complicate or channelled down the inner face, very
convex on the back and slightly gibbous at the base, tapering upwards
into a linear channelled obtuse or bifid point. Staminal-column 3-3J
lin. long ; anther-appendages orbicular, erect and applied to the sides
of the terminal part of the style, which is truncate and depressed or
crater-like at the apex, and exceeds or is slightly shorter than the anther-
appendages. Pollen-carriers seated much below the apex of the style. —
Gomphocar2mslisia7ithoides,T)ecne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser. ix. 32r) ; K.
Schum. in Engl, ik Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 237. G. chironioides,
Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 562. Xysmalobium fritillarioides, Rendle in
Journ. Bot. 1894, 1G2; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 682.
Chlorostelma fritillarioides, Welw. ex Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1894,
162.

Iio-wer Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; in thickets between Mompulla and Hnui-
pat s rare, Welwitsch, 4179 ! and without precise locality or indication of the
collector in Herb. Paris !

On comparing the type specimen of Qomphocarpus lisianthoides with that of
Xysmalohium f r Hill ario ides, Rendle, at the British Museum which consists of a
sketch of "VVelwitsch's unique specimen, 1 flower and 1 bud, I find that the two
are identical. According to Welwitsch the flowers are greenish-yellow, 'i he
species has the habit and general appearance of Schizoqlossum Carsoni, N. E. Br., but
the coronal-lobes are quite different, being distinctly (although narrowly) com-
plicate, somewhat as in A. dissoluta, Schlechter, in which the flowers are similar in
structure.

Ill Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 382, Gomphocarpus lisianthoides is also recorded by Dr.
Schumann from the foot-hills of Kivira Valley, in the Umtali district of Up])er
Kondeland, German East Africa (Goetze, 1476), but I have not seen a specimen.

14. A. semilunata, X. E. Br. Stems 2-5 ft. high, tomentose
in the upper part. Lower leaves usually 3-4 in a whorl, upper
opposite; petiole lJ-4 lin. long; blade 4-7 in. long, \-'^ in. broad,
linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, more or less rounded or
somewhat tapering at the base, narrowly revolute along the margins,
glabrous. Umbels pedunculate, lateral at the nodes ; peduncles 1-H
in. long, tomentose ; bracts 5-7 lin. long, linear, acuminate, tomentose,
deciduous; pedicels 5-11 lin. long. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, lanceolate,
acuminate, tomentose. Corolla 5-lobea nearly to the base ; lobes
reilexed, 4-5 lin. long, '^\-^l: lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subacute,
glabrous on both sides, ciliate along one margin. Coronal -lobes
arising \ lin. above the base of the staminal-column and shorter,
1-1;^ lin." long and the same in breadth, complicate-cucullate, truDcate,
with the apical margin denticulate and having a short straight tooth
directed backwards at about one third the way along it on either
side within, often from the bottom within arises a small, compressed,
erect tooth :J-f the length of the sides of the lobe, sometimes
rudimentary or absent. Follicles large and very inflated 2i-3 in. long,

328 Lxxxv. AscLEPiADEiE (brown). [Asekjnas.

lvl-1^ in. thick, half-moon shaped, straight on the inner face, very-
much curved on the outer, very obtuse, setose-echinate. Seeds ovoid,
turgid, grooved down one face, tuberculate. — A.denticulata, Schlechter
in Journ. Bot. 1895, 334; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PJ. Welw. i. 685.
Gomphocarjyus semilunatus, A. Rich. Tent. Fh Abyss, ii. 39 ; Engl.
Hochgebir^sfl. Trop. Afr. 341. G. 2^hysocarpus, K. Schum. in Engl.
Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322, not of E. Meyer.

Srile Iiand. Abyssinia : Plain of Dembea, between Ifak and Gondar,
Schimper, 13-13 ! Jcnda, Stendner, 750 ! Ileb Valley, Steudner, 754 (ex JEngler) ;
Shireli Province, Dillon Sf Petit, 31! Uganda: Unyoro, Speke Sf Grant, QOQ\
Madi, Sjjeke Sf Grant, 728 ! Berkeley B;.y, Scott- JSf Hot, 7089 ! Kampala, Scott^
Elliot, 7310! Kuwenzori; Wimi, 6000-9000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7904! Semliki
Valley, Scott-Elliot, 8101 ! Usoga villages, Whyte ! Fifth day from Lubwas,
Whyte ! Mau Plateau, 8500-9500 ft., Whyte ! Cultivated ground, Wilson, 51 !

Iio-wer Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto ; in palm-swamps on the banks of the
River Quiapoze, Welwitsch, 4158 ! Libongo : in swamps around the lakes by the
banks of the River Lifune, Welwitsch, 4159 !

South Central. Congo Free State : Niamniam ; Wando, ou the River
Dyagbe, Schioeinfnrth, 3098 !

15. A. curassavica, Linn. Sjy. PI. i. 215. Stems 2-3 ft. high,
glabrous. Leaves spreading; petiole J-| in. long; blade 2J-5J in.
long, J-l] in. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate-acute at the base,
glabrous. Umbels lateral and terminal, pedunculate, 6-12-flowered ;
peduncles 1-3 in. long, puberulous ; pedicels ^-J in. long, more or less
puberulous. Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, reflexed, puberulous.
Corolla reflexed, scarlet- red ; lobes 2|-3 lin. long, 1-^ lin. broad, oblong,
acute, glabrous. Coronal-lobes arising 1 lin. above the base of the
staminal-column and overtopping it by about J of their length, 1-2-2
lin. long, complicate, obliquely truncate, with a horn arising from the
base within, protruding for half its length, and curved forwards over
the top of the staminal-column, yellow. Anther-appendages orbicular
inflexed over the apex of the style. Follicles mostly solitary, 3-3|^ in.
long, about 5 lin. thick, lanceolate, acuminate into a beak, and tapering
into a stipe at the base, smooth, glabrous. Seeds 3 lin. long, 2 lin.
broad, elliptic, plano-convex, with a broad thin margin, minutely
tuberculate-lineate, dark brown. — Bot. Reg. i. t. 81 ; lioddiges, Bot.
Cab. t. 349 ; Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 506 ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc.
Brot. x. 141 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 239.

Upper Guinea. Liberia, Christy ! Gold Coast : Aburi, Johnson ! Southern
Nigeria : Old Calabar, Holland, 124 ! Fernando Po, Mann, 48 !

liower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, 100C-20CO ft., Moller Sf Quintas (ex
Henrigues).

Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Tanga, Heinsen, 129 !
Portuguese East Africa : Zumbo, on the Zambesi, Baum, 1004 !

A native of Tropical America, now widely spread in the tropics. •

10. A. physocarpa, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1896, 453. Stem
2-3 ft. (or more ?) high, branched, whitish-pubescent or subtomentulose

Asclejnas.] Lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown), 329

in the upper part. Leaves opposite, ascending or spreading ; petiole
2-8 lin. long; blade 2-4 in. long, :^J-10 lin. broad, lanceolate, very-
acute, niucronulate, cuneately acute at the base, glabrous on both sides,
but with the petiole and sometimes the midrib more or less puberulous.
Umbels G-10-flowered ; peduncles sublateral or subaxillary, 1-1 i in.
long, whitish-pubescent at the top; pedicels 7-12 lin. long, whitish-
pubescent. Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Co-
rolla 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes reflexed, about 3 lin. long,
2-2tI lin. broad, ovate, subobtuse, glabrous on both sides, but
ciliate along one margin within, white. Coronal-lobes arising i-J lin.
above the base of the staminal-column and nearly or quite reaching
to its top, about 1| lin. long, complicate, sabquadrate in side view,
apical angles of the inflexed sides shortly produced above the
other part of the lobe into a broad subtruncate lobule, usually pro-
duced into an erect tooth on the dorsal side, narrowly winged down
the inner margins, no tooth within. Staminal-column about 2^, lin.
long ; anther-appendages transverse,somewhat semicircufar, inflexed over
the margin of the depressed apex of the style. Follicles U-2i in.
long, 1^-2 in. in diam., solitary, inflated, subglobose or obliquely ovoid,
obtuse, 'puberulous and covered with long soft bristles. — Gomphocaiyns
physocarpus, E. Meyer, Comm. 202; Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 55H ;
K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 230 ; in Engl. Pfl.
Ost-Afr. C. ?y21.

larile Z.and. British East Africa : Leikipia, 6800 ft., Thomson ! LVandii
Protectorate: between p]ldoir)a Ravine and Upper Man Plateau, 7000-8000 ft.,
Whyfe !

XVIozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Kilinnmjaio, Maiungn, 4900 ft.,
Volkens !

Also in South Africa and the Cape Verd Islands. Tlie tropic al sjieciinens I have
seen being withont fruit, I have described the follicles from .South Afr can
specimens,

Tlie plant enumerated as Gomphocarpus phi/socarpus by K. Schumann in Ann.
Istit. Eot. Konia, vii. 37, collected in Somaliland by Kiva (108, 109, 1557, 1601), is
probably a different species.

17. A. pubiseta, ^V. £. Br. A branching shrub ; branches purplish,
minutely tomentose. Leaves ascending or spreading; petiole A-2 lin. long;
blade 2.^-6 in. long, 1-2^ lin. broad, linear, acute, mucronate, glabrous
on both^ sides or with the midrib puberulous beneath, and sometimes
sparsely and minutely puberulous above. Umbels pedunculate, .") 7-
flowered, lateral at the nodes; peduncles i-1 J in. long, puberulous;
pedicels h-1 in. long, puberulous. Sepals 2-3 Im. long, J-1 lin. broad,
lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla about 1 in. in diam., rotate, .Globed
nearly to the base ; lobes elliptic-lanceolate, acute, purplish outside,
pale greenish within. Coronal-lobes arising much above the base ot
the staminal-column and reaching to its top, complicate, oblong in side
view, truncate at the base and apex, with horizont^illy i eflexed teeth fn.m
the apices of the inflexed sides, half as long as the upper margin of
the lobe, no tooth within. Follicles 2.1-3 in. long, 'i m. thick, ovoid-

330 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brow>v). [Asclejnas.

lanceolate, attenuate into a beak, setose, pubescent or subtomentose
all over, including the seise, with spreading white hairs, at least when
young. — Gomphocarpus 2^urpurascens, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 38,
t. 09 ; K. Sebum, in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. ii. 23(5. G.fruti-
cosus, var. purpweus, Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 129 ; Engl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 341 ; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz.
1892, 349.

xrile Xiand. Eritrea : among Olive bushes frcm G*>leb to Bambit Valley and
on Lalamba Mountain, near Keren, ex Fenzig. Abyssinia : Chelicut, Teiit (ex
Richard) ; Ti2;re ; between Mai Gouagoua and Deliradiiia, Dillon Sf Petit, 24 ! Sliireh
Province, Billon Sf Petit ! Samen; near Jaja, Schimper,\^b'^ (exZi'jj.^^er), Wadela
district, Steudner, 758, 759 (ex Ungler), and w itboiit precise locality, Schimper, 79 !

This is a somewhat imperfectly known species, of which I have not seen flowers
and have compiled my account of them Ironi Kich.ird's description and figure.
German authors hive placed it \xr\Aer A. frittieosa, Linn., from which it is certainly
very distinct and more nearly lesembles A.Jlavida, N. E. Br., fi-om whicli the very
hairy bristles on the fruit will at once di^tillguiHh it. There is alrtady an A.
purptirascens, Linn.

18. A. fruticosa, Linn. Sp. PL ed. i. 210. A shrub 3-10 ft.
high ; branches erect, pubescent or puberulous. Leaves more or less
ascending ; petiole 2-4 lin. long ; blade 2-0 in. long, 2-9 lin. broad,
linear to linear-lanceolate, acate or acuminate, mucronate, or rarely
aristate, cuneate-acute at the base, narrowly revulute along the margins,
glabrous or puberulous, especially on the midrib beneath. Umbels
pedunculate, lateral at the nodes and terminal, 0-10-flowered ; pedun-
cles f-H iu. long, pubescent; bracts 3-4 lin. long, linear, acuminate,
deciduous ; pedicels |^-|in. long, pubescent. Sepals 3 lin. long, lanceo-
late, acuminate, pubescent. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, white ;
lobes reflexed, 4 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous
on both sides, usually ciliate along one margin, but sometimes without
cilia. Coronal-lobes arising about J lin. above the base of the 2 lin.
long staminal-column, and reaching to its summit, erect, complicate-
cucullate, with the apical angles of the inflexed sides produced into
recurving teeth, that rise considerably above the general level of the rest
of the lobe and have their tips incurved towards each other ; margins of
the inflexed sides narrowly winged outside ; no tooth or horn within.
Follicles 2-3 in. long, ovate, attenuate into a beak, setose and minutely
tomentose, but the setae nearly or quite glabrous. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL
Welw. i. 085; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902, 255. Gomphocarpus frutico-
siis, P. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 38 ; Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 557 ; Bot.
Mag. t. 1028?; Reichb. f. Fl. Germ. xvii. 18, t. 1071 (very bad); K.
Schum. in Bull. Soc. Bot-. Belg. xxxvii. 122, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C.
322 ; in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. ii. 230 ; in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii.
450, and xxx. 382 ; Schweinfurth in Hohnel, Rudolf-See und Steph-
anie-See, Sonderabdr. 8 ; Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 148. G. cornu-
tus, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser. ix. 324, and in DC. Prod. viii. 557.
Asclepias crassifvlia, Linn, ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 572.

XiO\7er Guinea. Angola : Mossamedes; banks of the Rivers Bero and Giraul,
WeLwitsch, 4164 ! 4165 ! waste places of Bon Vistn, Oossweiler, 87 !

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 331

XMCozamb. Bist. Portuguese East Africa : Zrtmhesi Delta : Kon?oni Kiver,
Kirk! Luabo River, Kirk! Lower Shire Valley, Meller ! liliodesia ; by the
Shangani River, Rand, 191 (ex S. Moore) ; on the s:mdy bed of the Shasha River,
Baines ! Bechuanaland : Kalahari Desert, Farini !

Also in North and South Africa, the Mascarene Isles, Madeira, Canaries, Arabia
and South Europe, perhaps introduced in some of the localities.

19. A. rostrata, X. E. Br. A bush about 3-5 ft. hi^'li ; young
parts of the stem and branches white-tomentose, at length becoming
glabrous. Leaves ascending or somewhat spreading ; petiole 2-4
lin. long; blade l|-4 in. long, 2-4i lin. broad, linear or linear-
lanceolate, acute or very acute at both ends, minutely puberUlous on
both sides, becoming nearly or quite glabrous, flat, or the margins
very narrowly recurved. Umbels lateral at the nodes, pedunculate,
6-8-flowered; peduncle \~1 in. long, more or less white-tomentose;
bracts very caducous, 2 lin. long, subulate or linear-lanceolate, acute,
tomentose ; pedicels 4-1—7 lin. long, tomentose. Sepals H Hn. long,
-J— I lin. broad, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
tomentose. Corolla 5-lobed almost to the base, greenish-white ;
lobes 2| lin. long, l|-2 lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, minutely notched
at the obtuse apex, ciliate along one margin, elsewhere glabrous.
Coronal-lobes arising tI- lin. above th« base of the staminal-column and
reaching to the top of it, H-l§ lin. long, erect, complicate, laterally
compressed, subrectangular in side view, apical margin slightly
rounded ; inflexed sides with a reflexed falcate tooth at their apex,
nearly as long as the breadth of the lobe, and slightly rising above its
apical margin ; no tooth or crest within the lobe. Staminal-column
2 lin. long ; anther-appendages ovate, obtuse, thin, tips just inflexed
over the margin of the flattish, crenately-pentagonal apex of the style.
Pollen-carriers seated under the rim of the truncate apex of the style.
Follicles obliquely ovoid-inflated at the base, produced into a stout
subulate beak 1-1-i- in. long, white-tomentose when quite young, soon
becoming nearly glabrous, quite smooth, without any bri.^tles.

JmO-wct Guinea. Angola : Amboella ; between the River Kubango and the
River Kuito, Banni, 500 I

IVKozamb. Blst. Ngamiland ; Lake Nganii, only growing on the dry shore of
the lake or river, Lugard, '22 ! Okavaniro Valley, 3000 tt., Luf/ard, 231 I

This species has been distributed from Berlin as A. fntfirosa, Lmmi., fnun
which the smooth long-beaked fruit at once distinguishes it. It is rennirkable for tlie
maimer in which the rim of the Hat or slightly concave ai)ex of the style jirojects
over and partly conceals the pollen-carriers.

20. A. flavida, X. E. Br. in Keio Bulletin, 1805, 2:)."). A woody
much-branched shrub, 3-4Ht. high; branches divergent, white-tomen-
tose. Leaves opposite, spreading, H-3 in. long, 1-3 lin. broad, .<?ub-
sessile or w-ith petioles i-1 lin. long, linear, acute, tapering at the
base, revolute along the margins, glabrous, with the midrib adpressed
pubescent beneath. Umbels several, Liteial at the nodes along the
upper part of the branches, pedunculate, 4- iJ-flowered ; peduncles and

i>32 f.xxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (browx). [Asclepitts.

pedicels 7-11 iin. long, white-tomentose. Sepals 1 i-2 lin. long, narrowly
lanceolate, acuminate, white-tonientose. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the
base, reflexed, yellow in the dried state ; lobes about 4 lin. long and '2h
lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, acute, glabrous on both sides, ciliate along one
margin. Coronal-lobes arising about | lin. above the base of the
staminal-column and reaching to its summit, apparently dull purple,
2 lin. long, H lin. broad, complieate-cucullate, subquadrate, with the
dorsal margin shorter than the inner margins in side view, so that the
real apex of the lobe does not rise so higii as its inflexed sides, the
apical angles of the inflexed sides produced into abruptly reflexed falcate
teeth rising a little above the apical margin of the lobe, no tooth or
horn within the lobe. Staminal-column 2J lin. long; anther-append-
ages roundish -ovate, very obtuse, inflexed over the truncate apex of the
style. Follicles (immature) ellipsoidal with a short beak, somewhat
sparsely bristly, glabrous or nearly so.— K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot.
E-oma, vii. :>?.

wile Ziand. Xubia : coast region, Ben/ ! Somalilaiid : Golis Range : Darra,
Surry, Mrs. Lort-PhilUps ! Miss Edith Cole !

'ilie plant collecttd in Somaliland, on the Ogaden Steppe, Keller, 100, may also
belong t<j tlis s.i)ecies, but 1 liave seen only a fruiting specimen. Probably some of
the s])ecimens leterred to Gomphocarpiis fruticosus, H. Br., viir. tomentosa, by K.
Schumaini in Kn^l. PH. Ost-Afr. C. 322, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. lioma, vii. 37 belong
here.

21. A. Phillipsiae, X. E. Br. in Kev) Bulletin, 1895, 219. A
woody, branching shrub. Branches ascending, rather densely pubes-
cent or subtomentose Vvith minute white curved hairs. Leaves ascend-
ing, subsessile or with very short petioles, Ih-'^h in. long, |-1 lin.
broad, linear, acute, mucronate, with very revoiute margins, which are
often rolled back at the midrib, spar.sely and minutely pubescent when
young, soon becoming glabrous. CJmbeJs several, lateral at the nodes
along the upper part of the branches, pedunculate, 3-G-flowered ;
peduncles -J -J in. long, puberulous ; bracts caducous, 2J-3J lin. long,
linear or subulate, acute, minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous ;
pedicels 4^-8 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals about IJ lin. long, linear,
acute, puberulous. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 2J-2| lin.
long, IJ lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, subacute, reflexed, glabrous on both
sides or puberulous towards the base within, ciliate along one margin.
Coronal-lobes arising ^—1 lin. above the base of the staminal-column
and reaching to its top, 1-lJ lin. long, |-l:j lin. broad, complieate-
cucullate, subquadrate in side view, with a rather broad falcate
tooth, denticulate along its upper margin, reflexed from the apical
angles of the inflexed sides and contained within the cavity, no median
tooth within. Staminal-column H-2 lin. long; anther-appendages
short, transversely oblong or subreniform, obtuse, denticulate, inflexed
over the truncate apex of the style. Follicles about 2 in. long, J-J in.
thick in the basal part, lanceolate, tapering into a beak, setose, very
minutely and rather sparsely pubescent all over or the bristles glab-
rous. Seeds 2 lin. long, 1-1 J lin. broad, ovate, concave on one side,

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade.*: (buown). ;J33

very convex on the other, reticulate-rugulose, blackish. — K. Schum. in
Ann. Istit. Bot. Koma, vii. 87. J. fruticosa, var. anyuatissima
Schlechter in Joiirn. Bot. 180.'), 335. Gomphocarpas fruticosics, R. Br.]
var. angmtissimus, Ens^l. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 341, partly; K.
Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 37 ? G.fnUicosus, R. Br., var.
purpioreics, Martelli, Fl. Bogos. 53, not of Schweinfurth.

wile Iiand. Eritrea : Keren, 4500 ft., Beccari, 186 ! Sfeudner, 747 ! Soma-
lilaiid : near Coromme. Rivi, 669 (ex Schumann), and without jirecise locality, J/r.v.
Lort-Phillips I TJg.mcla : Man ; on dry roei<s by a river, 6000-8000 ft., Scott-
Elliot, 679-4 ! Huwenzori ; in dry sunny places, 6000-7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7667 !

XVIozamb. I>lst. German Ea'-t Africa : Usanibar.i, Buchwald, 177 ! and 548 I
These proh ibly belong here, but are without flowers.

This species is nearly allied to A. setosa^ Forsk., a native of Arabia, from wliich
it differs in its more slender habit -mvX suhqiiadrate (not oblong) coronal-lobes.
Probably Gompliocarpus sefosus^ A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Ab^ss. ii. 37 (not of other
authors), m?,y belong here.

22. A, abyssinica, xY. E. Br. Stems 3-4 ft. high, apparently
annual from a perennial woody rootstock. quite simple, ratlier stout,
minutely puberulous. Leaves in whorls of three, or opposite in the
upper part ; petiole 1-4 lin. long; blade 3i-5i in. long, 2-4.1 lin. broad,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, cuneately narrowed into the petiole at the
base, margins revolute, glabrous on both sides or with the midrib puberu-
lous beneath. Umbels pedunculate, lateral at the nodes along the
upper part of the stem, 6-9-flowered ; peduncles i-l in. long, pedicels
0-10 lin. long, all puberulous or minutely tomentose. Sepals 2-21 lin.
long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous. Corolla somewhat
reflexed ; lobes about "d^ lin. long, 2J lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, acute,
glabrous on both sides, ciliate along one margin. Coronal-lobes arising
about I lin. above the base of the staminal-column and reaching
its top, Ij lin. long, complicate-cucullate, ovate-oblong in .-^ide view,
rounded on the back, subtruncate or truncate at the top, which is notched
in front of the teeth reflexed from the apical angles of the inllexed sides ;
teeth very minutely erose-denticulate along the upper margin and
sometimes entirely included within the cavity, or rising slightly above
the top of the lobe, no median tooth or crest within. Staminal-
column 2-2 J lin. long ; anther-appendages semicircular, inflexed over
the truncate apex of the style. Follicles 2\-2'\ in. long, 7-'.> lin. thick,
ovoid-lanceolate, acuminate into a beak, setose, minutely tomentose, with
puberulous setae when young, puberulent or nearly glabrous when ripe.
Ripe seeds not seen but apparently scrobiculate or minutely tuberculate.
— Gomphocarpus ahyssinicus, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101 ; Decne. in DC.
Prod. viii. 557; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 38; K. Schum. in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 280. G. rerticillatus, Turcz. in Bull. Soc.
Nat. Mosc. 1848, xxi. i. 258. G. fruticosus, var., Vatke in C)est. Bot.
Zeitschr. 1876, 146.

Nile Xiand. Abyssinia: Tigre ; Mount Sellouda (Slioloila), ne:«r Adowa,
Quart in Dil/on (ex Richard); near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 167H nnd without
precise locality, Schimper, 503 ! Dillon ^ Petit, 2Q (427) !

334 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Asclepicis.

Encler in Lis Hochgebiigsfioia Trop. Afr. 341 has united this plant M'ith A.
fruticosa, L., from which it difFeis in its unhranched habit, whorled leaves and
very different coronal-lcjhes. From A. Fhillip.sice it is distinguished by its broader
leaves, stouter, unhranched stems and different coronal-lobes.

23. A. albida, iV. A\ Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 254. Stems
erect, pubescent, 2-3 ft. or more high. Leaves opposite, ascending-
spreading ; petiole |-1 hn. long ; blade 4-G in. long, 1-2 J lin. broad,
linear, acuminate, cuneate at the base, revolute at the margins, nearly-
glabrous, with a few hairs on the midrib beneath. Umbels lateral
between the bases of the leaves, pedunculate, 4-10-flowered ; peduncles
|-1^ in. long, pube>cent ; bracts 3-4 lin. long, linear-subulate,
deciduous; pedicels |-1 in. long, pubescent. Calyx-lobes 3-3|-
lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Corolla rotate ; lobes
reflexed, ^ in. long, 3-|-4 lin. broad, elliptic, obtuse, ciliate along one
margin, glabrous outside, very minutely puberulous within, apparently
white. Coronal-lobes arising about |- lin. above the base of the
stauiinal-column, and overtopping it by half their length, erect,
3 lin. long, complicate-cucullate, with the apical angles of the inflexed
sides produced into a reflexed falcate tooth or lobe, that rises above and
is partly embraced by the sides of the truncate apex, no tooth within
the lobe, which is narrowly winged outside near the margins and
gibbous on each side at the base. Follicles 2 J in. long, 7-8 lin. thick,
lanceolate, acuminate, setose and pubescent.

Urile Xiand. Eritrea : Sagaiieiti, north side towards Selet, 6500-7200 ft.,
Schweinfurth Sf Hiva, 993 ! Abyssmia, Schimper, 27 !

24. A. Integra, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 219. A bush
4-5 ft. high, with erect branches, in the young state covered with
a white lelted tomentum, branches at length white-pruinose, and
finally nearly or quite glabrous. Leaves erect or ascending, subsessile,
2J-6 in. long, J-1 lin. broad, linear, margins revolute to the midrib,
mucronate-acute, at first white-woolly, then glabrous. Umbels
several, lateral at the nodes along the upper part of the branches
5-8-flowered; peduncles |-1 in. long; pedicels G-10 lin. long. Sepals
l-\h lin. long, |—J lin. broad, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute. Corolla
5-lobed nearly to the base, probably yellowish-white or greenish-
white, white-tomentose outside, glabrous within ; lobes reflexed, 3-5
lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, subacute. Coronal-lobes
arising close to (or up to J lin. above) the base of the staminal-
column, and overtopping it by half their length, erect. 2-3 lin. Icng,
1t^-2 lin. broad, complicate-cucullate, obliquely ovate or obliquely ovate-
oblong in side view, inner margins entire, obliquely rounded or slightly
angular at about the middle, but with no distinct tooth, and no
median tooth within, apparently ochreous. Follicles about 1| lin. long,
inflated-ovoid at the base, contracted or narrowed into a beak, white-
tomentose when young, pruinose or almost glabrous when mature.
Seeds ovate, concave on one face, very convex on the other, rugose.
— K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 37. Gomphocarpus

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 335

stenojihylla, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. :]-i2, not of ser. i.
xxix. 110.

Nile Xiand. Somaliland : Adda Gallah, James Sf Thrupp ! Golis Hiinfro,
Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! Hammar, Miss Cole !

IWEozamb. Dlst. Kilim.injaro, Smith! Volkens, 567! Laujora, 2000 ft.,
Johnston !

25. A. Frederici, Hiem in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. ki^4: A .shrub
3-5 ft. high, branched ; branchlets white-tomentose. Leaves very nume-
rous ascending or somewhat spreading, 2-4i in. long, l-2Jf lin. broad,
linear, acute or subobtuse, narrowed at the base into a petiole, 1 '1
lin. long at the base, revolute along the margins, puberulous or
nearly glabrous above, more or less white-pubescent beneath. Umbels
numerous, lateral at the nodes, pedunculate, 5-6 -flowered ; peduncles
subequal, ^-1 in. long, white-tomentose; bracks very deciduous, 2-2 J
lin. long, linear, acute ; pedicels ^-| in. long, tomentose. Sepals
2 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Corolla lobed nearly to
the base, minutely white-pubescent outside, glabrous within, prohal)]y
reflexed when fully expanded ; lobes oi-l lin. long, 2-1}^ lin. broad,
elliptic-ovate, obtusely pointed. Coronal-lobes arising ^ lin, 'above the
base of the staminal-column and reaching its top, 1§-1J lin. long,
IJ lin. broad across the side, D-shaped viewed sideways, with tlie
inflexed sides rectangularly acute or subacute at their apices, but
never produced into distinct teeth. Follicles lJ-2 in. long, \\ in.
in diam., oblong-globose, inflated, very obtuse, beset with bristle-like
processes, pubescent all over, " sulphur-yellow spotted with purple,"
bristles "violet-purple'^ {Wehoitsch).

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andoiigo ; on the rocks of the Pra?sidiuni
and higher rocky parts of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 4160! 4161 ! 4162 I on the
rocks of Pedra de Cabondo, 3500 fc, Welwitsch, 4163! Huilla ; in the ro<-ky
thickets of Lopollo, Welwitich, 4166 !

According to Welwifscli the flowers :ire snlpliur-yellow, greenisli -yellow, or
whitish-yellow. The coronal-lobes are described by Hiern as " n-nally with an erect
short lobnle or tooth at the apex of each oi- one iiinec side." I can find nostrucinrt>
of this kind in the specimens above quoted ; where the siraight inner mar-rin and
curved top margin of the lobe meet, they form a somewhat acnte angle, nearly a
right-angle, but there is no tioth such as is foundin the allied species. This species
is not easy to discriminate from A. BurcheUii, Schlechter, except when in fruit.

26. A. BurcheUii, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 336. Stems
3-4 ft. high, branched ; branches white-tomentose, Leaves very numer-
ous, erect or ascending, 1^—4 in. long, 4^-2 lin. broad, linear, acute,
narrowed at the base into a petiole 1-2A lin. long, revolute ah.ng the
margins, softly puberulous, becoming glabrous above, pubescence
whiter beneath. Umbels numerous, lateral at the nodes, pedunculate,
3-7-flowered ; peduncles subequal, J-1 in. long, white-tomentose ;
bracts 2-5 lin. long, deciduous, linear, acute ; pedicels A-1 in. long,
white-tomentose. Sepals l§-2 lin. long, | lin. broad, lanceolate, acute,
reflexed, white-tomentose on the back. Corolhi lobed nearly to the
base, minutely white-tomentose outside, reflexed, white ; lobes ;ij hn.

:);J0 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (brown). [Ascle])ia8.

long, 2-2J lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, obtusely pointed. Coronal-lobes
arising h lin. above the base of the staminal-column and reaching to
its top "li-l^ lin. long, lJ-1^ Hn. broad across the side, D-shaped,
viewed sideways, with the infiexed sides rectangularly acute at their
tips, but never produced into distinct teeth. Follicles 2J-2-i in. long,
I in. in diam., ovoid-lanceolate, gradually tapering into a beak beset
with very numerous bristle-like processes, white-pubescent or sub-
tomentose all over. Seeds about 2h lin. long, 1 lin. broad, oblong-
ovate, very convex on one side, flat with a raised margin on the other,
minutely tuberculate or scrobiculate. — Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1896,
4r)2. Gomphocar2ms tomentosus, Burch. Trav. i. M'd. G. lanaius, E.
Meyer, Comm. 202 ; DC. Prod. viii. 558.

lio-wer Guinea. Gennan South-west Africa : Anibolancl ; Olukoiula, Schinz,
17! 27! Rautanen, 8-4!

Also iu Soutli Africa.

Tlie plant referred to Gompliocarpiis tomentosus, Burcli., Ly K. Scliiiniann in
Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 123, mny belong here or to some other species. It
was collecteil hy De Becrst from a plant cultivated at Mpala, originally brought
from Kihanga iu the Congo Free State. The specimens alluded to by K. Schumann
in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322 under Q.fruticosus, var. tomentosus, judging from the
synonymy quoted, appear to belong partly to A. leucocarpa, Schlechter, partly to A.
PhillipsicB, N. E. Br. and probably partly to A. Jiavida, X. E. Br., or A. puhiseia,
N. E. Br.

27. A. iiliforxnis, Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. PL ii. 753, in a note binder
Schizoglossum. Stems 3-G ft. high, slender, about J lin. thick in the
flowering part, simple, very rarely branched in the upper part, glabrous,
covered with a thin white waxy secretion. Leaves 2-4 in. long, linear
or almost filiform, with strongly revolute margins, glabrous. Umbels
lateral and terminal, 6-10-flowered ; peduncles ^-1 in. long; pedicels
4-0 lin. long, minutely white-tomentose at first, becoming more or less
glabrescent. Sepals 1-1 J lin. long, ovate or lanceolate, acute, white-
tomentose. Corolla reflexed, sulphur-yellow; lobes 2-2J lin. long, \\
lin. broad, ovate, acute, puberulous on the back. Coronal-lobes arising
1— J lin. above base of staminal-column and slightly exceeding it, 1 J lin.
long, erect, complicate, subtruncate or obliquely truncate, with the
ovate obtuse apex and marginal angles slightly produced, with
a slightly exserted horn within. Follicles solitary, 1-1 J in. long,
2^-3 lin. thick, lanceolate, acuminate from the middle into a long beak,
pulverulent, at length glabra,te. Seeds 2^-3 lin. long, ovate, plano-
convex, smooth, brown, with a narrow darker brown margin. — Schinz
in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg, xxx. 262 under A. huchenaviana ;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 238. Lagarinthus
JiliformiSj E. Meyer, Comm. 203. Gomphocarjms Jlliformis, D. Dietr.
Synop. PI. ii. 1^00 ; Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 558.
ZiOiver Guinea. Hereroland, ex Schinz.
Not uncommon in Extratropical South Africa.

A'ar. huchenaviana, X. E. Br. Stems stouter, about ^- lin. thick in the flowering
part, much branched, usually rather densely covered with a white waxy secre-

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade.*; (bhown), 3:57

tion, hut sometimes without. Coronal-h)hes ohlique »t the top with the inttniul
horn jiduate to the face of the h)he to nearly twice the extent it is in the type.
Folhcles anil seeds as in the type. — Asclepias buchenaviana, Schinz in Verliandl. Bnt.
Ver. Jiraiidenhurg, xxx. 261 ; Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 148 ; K. Schuni. in Engl, k
Prantl, Pfianzenfiim. iv. ii. 238.

Iiower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Hercroland; Nnmih, .SVAiwz,
18 ! 20 ! Stapff, Liideritz (ex Schinz) ; Wit Port, between Garieh and Ussuli
Aussi)ann, Giirich, 14 (ex Engler).

Of the typical A.filiformis T have seen no tropical .si)ecinien.s, but it is nieutioni-d
by Schinz as occurring in Hereroland, It would seem likely to be useful as a
tibre-plant, as Mrs. Barber states on a note sent with some South African specimens
" This species ougl.t to be useful as a fibre-plant, it is exceedingly tough, grow.s 4-6
ft. liigh, and h)S upwards of two hundred almost leafless slender steins on a single
plant."

Tlie variety buchenaviana seems only to differ in its stouter, branched stems, as

1 doubt if the coronal characters are constant, since tliere are specinuns at Kew
collected in Great Namaqnaland by Schinz (19), that have tlie stout branched .stems
of this variety, but with coronal-lobes as in the type.

2S. A. tenuifolia, N. E. Br. in Kein Bulletin, 1895, 255. Stems

2 ft. or more high, slender, branched, woody below, pubescent. Leaves
1-2J in. long, erect, filiform, acute, with strongly revolute margins,
pubescent. Umbels lateral and terminal, ;^-5-flowered ; peduncles 4-1)
lin. long, pubescent ; pedicels 4-5 lin. long, slender, pubescent. Sepals
1-1;^ lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Corolla rotate or
rotate-campanulate (? reflexed) ; lobes 2-2J lin. long, \l lin. broad,
elliptic, subobtuse, narrowed towards the base, pubescent on the back.
Coronal-lobes arising J-| of a lin above the base of the staminal-
column and equalling it in length, erect, 1 lin. long, complicate, uearlv
semicircular in side view, truncate, margins at the apex produced
over the tips of the anthers into short acute teeth, no tootli or
horn within. Follicles solitary, nodding or horizontally spreading,
1-lJ in. long, 3-4 lin. thick at the ovoid base, tapering into a long
slender beak, softly pubescent with fine spreading hairs. Seeds 2 lin.
long, turgid-convex on the back, grooved down the face, scrobiculate,
finely pulverulent pale brown.

MEozamb. Dist. Rhodesia : Lee's Farm, ^langwe Hivor, Baines .'

Mmh like A. Jilifonnis, Benth. ;ind Hook, f., in ai)pearanco, but moie branched

l)ubescent, and with a different corona. The tlower.s appear to be pale }ellt)wisli or

whitish with a yellow corona.

20. A. leucocarpa, Schlechter in Joui'n. Bot. 1895, :"J35. Stems
4-5 ft. high, sparingly branched, white-tomentose in the upper part.
Leaves opposite, ai^cending, subsessile, 4-6 in. long, A -1 lin. broad,
linear, acute, revolute along the margins, glabrous or tlie younge.'^t
puberulous. Umbels lateral between the bases of the leaves, pedun-
culate, simple or ihe same peduncle bearing two umbels with an interv:il
of about J an in. between them, several-flowered ; peduncle j-2 in.
long, minutely puberulous ; pedicels |-1 in. long, minutely puberulous.
Sepals \-\\ lin. long, | lin. broad, ovate, acute or acuminate. Corolla
reflexed, 5-lobed nearly to the base, white or yellowish ; lobes ;} lin. lon^'.

r>;^8 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (broavn). [Asclepiiis.

2 lin. broiid, elliptic, ovate, obtusely pointed, glabrous, sparingly ciliate
along one margin, refiexed. Coronal-lobes arising J lin. above the base of
the staminal-colnmn, and equalling or very slightly overtopping it, 1^-1 i
lin. long, complicate, truncate or rounded at the top, with a minute
tooth at the apical angle of the inflexed sides, no median tooth within.
Follicles immature, about 2 in. long, and ^ in. thick near the base,
narrowly lanceolate, attenuate into a long beak, white-tomentose, and
having a few short stiff points or processes on the lower half. — Gom-
phocai'pus stenoplit/llus, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 110, t. Ill);
K. Schum. in Engl. &, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 280.

Tfile Ziand. Uganda : Mau ; Ly waterside, 6000-SOOO ft., Scoll-Elliot, 6882 !
B)itisli East Africa: Kapte Plains, Lanjoro, Gregory, 30!

Mozamb. Dist. (Jerman East Africa; Kazcli (Tabora) district, Speke cjf
Grant !

30. A. amabilis, iV. E. Bi\ in Kev) Bullehhi 1895, 70. Stems
10-18 in. high, rather slender, slightly pubescent or nearly glabrous.
Leaves erect, subsessile, lJ-3 in. long, |-1J lin. broad, linear, acute,
revolute (sometimes to the midrib) and minutely scabrous along the
margins. Umbels 2-3, lateral and terminal, pedunculate, 5-6-flowered ;
peduncles 1-2 J in. long, puberulous dow^n the inner side; bracts subu-
late, 2-3 lin. long ; pedicels 8-12 lin. long, puberulous down the inner
side. Sepals 2-2\ lin. long, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute,
puberulous, ciliolate. Corolla 9-10 lin. in diam., rotate, 5-lobed nearly
to the base, white and glabrous within, light purple and sparsely
puberulous on the back ; lobes ^-^\ lin. long, 2 -| lin. broad, ovate,
acute. Coronal-lobes arising about \ lin. above the base of the stami-
nal-column and reaching to its top, erect, \\ lin. long, complicate-cucul-
late, subquadrate in side view, truncate at the base and apex, with the
apical angles of the inflexed sides produced into small erect obtuse
teeth, no tooth within ; alternating with them are 5 minute pocket-like
lobules under the anther-wings. Staminal-column \\ lin. long ;
anther-appendages broadly-ovate, inflexed over the apex of the style. —
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. -425.

Mozamb. Blst. British Centr.il Africa : Urungn ; Fwanibo, South of Lake
Tanganyika, Carson, 35 ! 55 !

31. A. longissixna, N. E. Br. Stem solitary, 2J-3 ft. high, erect,
simple, 1-2 J lin. thick at the base, slightly puberulous along one side.
Lower leaves G-10 in. long, 2-5 lin. broad, linear, tapering into a very
acuminate point, narrowed at the base into a petiole 1-2 lin. long,
glabrous on both sides, slightly scaberulous along the narrowly revo-
lute margins ; uppermost leaves very much reduced and not longer
than the peduncle of the same node. Umbels 6-7, pedunculate,
3-4-flowered, lateral at the upper nodes, where the leaves are reduced
to filiform rudiments J-J in. long, so that the inflorescence becomes a
nearly leafless panicle; peduncles J-J in. long, puberulous along one
side; bracteoles lJ-2 lin. long, linear-filiform ; pedicels J- j in. long,
puberulous on one side. Sepals reflexed, lJ-2 (2 J ex A^ Schumann)

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (hkown). 339

iin. long, J lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute, slightly channelled at the
apex, glabrous, very minutely ciliate. Corolla lobed nearly to the base,
entirely reflexed, very minutely downy out«ide, apparently dirty
i^reeriish-vvhite, tinged with purple outside ; lobes 5 lin. long, A lin.
broad, elliptic, minutely notched at the obtuse point. Coronal-lobes
sirising i-| lin. above the base of the staminal-column and slightly
overtopping it, 2f (2|- ex K. Schumann) lin. long. 2 lin. broad across
the side, compressed-cucullate, subrectangular in side view, oljliquely
rounded or subtruncate at the top, where the margins are thickened
and strongly papillate and the dorsal apex is produced into a minute
incurved papillate tooth; no tooth or crest within the lobe; 5 minute
pouch-like lobules under the anther-wings alternating with the coronal-
lobes. Staminal-column about )\ lin. long, not broadened at the brtse
of the oblong anthers ; anther-appendages broadly ovate, acute,
contracted into a short stalk at the base, obscurely lacerate on the
margin, indexed over the rim of the crater-like apex of the style,
under which the pollen-carriers are seated. — CompJiocarjms longissimuis^
K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 382.

XVIozamb. X>lst. German E:ist Africa : region of Lake NyHsa, Goetze !
Portnguese or Britisli E.ist Africa: Tunihi,> near Lake Nyasn, rare, Johnston, Zhl \

32. A. Nuttii, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1808, 308. Stem
apparently solitary, 1-1 2" ^^- hi^h) slender, simple, erect, glabrous.
Leaves erect, 1 J-2J in. long, ^-1 lin. broad, flat, linear, acute, tapering
to the base, glabrous on both sides with the margins minutely scabrous-
oiliate. Umbel terminal, pedunculate, 8-l(l-flowered ; peduncle 1 J in.
long; bracts 5—15 lin. long, linear or filiform, ciliolate ; pedicels 4-5
iin. long, minutely pubescent or subscaberulous. Sepals erect or
Hscending, 2 lin. long, \ lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, minutely
pubescent on the back. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed almost to the base ;
lobes about 4 lin. long, \\ lin. broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
subacute, glabrous and not ciliate, brownish or dull purplish outside,
with whitish margins, whitish within in the dried state. Coronal- lobe.^
arising at the base of the staminal-column and nearly reaching to the
tnp of it, \\ lin. long, erect, complicate-cucullate, truncate at the apex,
no tooth within or at the apex of the inflexed sides, apparently dark
yellow, all united together just below their middle by a connecting
membrane which forms 5 small pockets immediately under the anther-
wings. Staminal-column 2 lin. long ; anther-appendages rounded or
transversely elliptic, inflexed upon the depressed apex of the style.

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africii : between Lake Tanganyiku and Lake
llukwa, about 6000 ft., ^utt !

33. A. sphacelata, ^V^, E. Br. Stem solitary, 4-8 in. high, simple,
puberulous. Leaves sessile, 4 in. long, A-1 lin. broad, linear,
attenuate-acuminate, acute at the base, scabrid above, puberulous
beneath. Umbels lateral and terminal, congested near the apex,
pedunculate, 3-5-flowered ; peduncle 4-7 lin. long, puberulous; pedi-
cels 3-5 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals 1 J-2 lin. long, subulate, puberu-

340 Lxxxv. AscLEPiADE.E (brown). \Asclepias^

lous. Corolla rotate, about ^ in. in diam. ; lobes oblong, acute, puberu-
lous on the back near the apex, spotted with brown, whitish at the
tips. Coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, cucullate, truncate, glabrous and
without a process within. Staminal -column IJ lin. long. — Gompko-
carpus sphacelatus, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 233.

TfloxsLtxxb. Sist. Portuguese East Africa : near Bcira, Braga, 38.

1 have not seen tliis plant.

34. A. coccinea, X. E, Br. Plant |-2 ft. high, stems simple or
slightly branched at the base, sparsely puberulous or with puberulous
lines. Leaves not numero.us, ascending or incarved-spreading, subsessile
or with a petiole about 1 lin. long ; blade 2-4 in. long, ^-2 lin. broad,,
linear, acute, narrowed into the petiole at the base, glabrous, slightly
-scaberulous on the margins. Umbels terminal, solitary, 5-10-floweredr
peduncles 3-4i in. long, sparsely puberulous, or puberulous on one side;
pedicels |-1 in. long, puberulous. Sepals ]|-2 lin. long, ovate-lanceo-
late, acute or acuminate, puberulous, reflexed. Corolla blood-red, reflexed ;
lobes 3-3| lin. long, 1|-2J lin. broad, ovate, acute, minutely puberulous-
on the back. Coronal-lobes arising about \ lin. above the base of the
staminal-column and one-third longer than it, erect, 2-2 J lin. long, com-
plicate, shortly clawed and subcordate at the base, truncate or sb'ghtly
oblique at the top in side view, with the apical angles of the inflexed
sides produced over the staminal-column into horizontal linear or linear-
subulate teeth 1 lin. long, and with or without a horn or tooth between
them on the face of the lobe, sometimes included, sometimes exserted.
Anther-appendages elliptic, obtuse, inflexed over the apex of the style.
— Stathmostelma incmmatum^ K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 130;
aod in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 240 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI.
Welw. i. G8C ; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 193.

Iiower Guinea. Angola; Huillaj at MompuUa Lake, Welwitsch, 4176!
Swamps along the Kuango River near Kitamba, Pogge, 381 ! 382, 608.

In some of Wehvitsch's specimens of this plant, the horn within the cucullate
part of the coronal-lobes is well develoi^ed, in others cntinly absent, proving that this
character is of no generic importance.

35. A. macrantha, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101. Stem 9-18 in.
high, simple, with two puberulous lines, or puberulous all round. Leaves :
petiole 1-3 lin. long-; blade 3-10 in. long, l-|-5 lin. broad, linear-lanceo-
late, acuminate, more or less puberulous on both sides, narrowly revolute
along the margins. Umbels lateral and terminal, corymbose at the top
of the stem, 3-6- flowered ; peduncles 3-i-ll in. long, puberulous or sub-
glabrous ; bracts 2-3 lin. long, subulate ; pedicels |-2| in. long, puberu-
lous, at least down one side. Sepals 2|-3 lin. long, lanceolate, acute,
puberulous. Corolla j-l|^ in. in diam., rotate or somewhat reflexed,
scarlet-red or yellow ; lobes 4-6 lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad, oblong or ovate-
oblong, acute, minutely puberulous on the back. Coronal-lobes arising
1-1 J Tin. above the base of the staminal-column and overtopping it by
from \-l: of their length, yellow, 3-4 lin. long, erect, shortly stalked
and gibbous on each side at the base, complicate above, obtuse or sub-

Asdepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade.k (biiown). 341

truncate at the apex, wliich is slightly infolded at the middle in the
dried state ; sides itiflexed and produced over the staminal -column into
broad, ascending, falcate or falcate-oblong, obtuse, truncate, or acute
points rising much above the level of the apex of the lobe and de-
current on the basal part as 2 narrow wings, between them arises
a horn exserted and acute, or short, included and obtuse or truncate.
Anther-appendages broad, suborbicular, inflexed over the apex of the
style. Follicles solitary (always ?), 3—1: in. long, J in. thick, lanceolate,
acuminate, tapering to the base. Seeds 21 lin." long, \h lin. broad,
ovate, with thick margins, minutely tuberculate on both sides, dark
brown. — Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 111. Gomphocarjms peduncic-
latus, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 558; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 40;
G. lonylpes, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. Ill, t. 75 ; Engl. Hoch-
gebirgsfi. Trop. Afr. 342. Pachycarpus coniiculatus, Hochst. in Flora,
1<S-J:4, 101. Stathmostelma pedunculatum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
132, and xxviii. 45G; in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C 322; and in Engl, k Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 240. S.globuHflorum, K. Schum. in Engl. Ptl. Ost-
Afr. C. 322.

Ifile Iiand. Abyssinia: Sana district, near Gadding ijaXii, Schimper ! banks
of the River Feurfeura (Ferfera), Quartin Dillon (ex Richard)^ Niamniam; by tlie
River Ibbu, Schweinfiirth, 39501 Uganda: Toro, Doggett ! liritisli K^st Africa:
Taita : Mwatate, 2000 ft., Johnston! Nyika country, near Mombasii, Wakefield!
Ribe, Wakefield ! near Lamu and Mombasa, IL'ddehramlt ^ 1901 ! H:ibai Hill?, Taylor !

Mozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Usambara ; near Kiyombc (Kigombe 't),
Volkensy 87! Tanga, Hiinsen, 124! Duga, Hoist, 3176! Kilimanjaro; below
Marangii, 3200 ft., Volkens, 2158 ! at 5000 ft., Johnston ! between Taveta and
Himo River, Meyer, 193 (ex Engler) ; Usagara : Mhunii, Speke Sf Grant!
Ukami ; south uluguru, 2900 ft., Goetze, 491 (ex Eni/ler) ; Tliehe ; Muhinde
Steppe, 4200 ft., Goetze (ex Engler); Unyamwe/i ; \Valaj (Wala ?) River. Boehm, 90
(t;x Engler).

3G. A. "Welwitschii, Britten d: ReiuUe in Trans. Lin a. >Soc. tier. 2,
iv. 38 in note. Stems 2J-4- ft. high, simple or branched, with two
pubescent lines, or pubescent all round in the upper part, or glahrous.
Leaves 2-5 in. distant, incurved-erect or ascending, subsessile or with
petiole J-2 lin. long; blade 3-7 in. long, 1-4 lin. broad, linear, attenuate
to an acute point, cuneate or rather abruptly narrowed into the petiole
at the base, glabrous or scaberulous-pubescent above and on the margin**
and midrib beneath. Umbels 2-5-fiowe)ed, pedunculate; peduncles
^-3 in. long, mostly in pairs at the apex of the stem, one of the pair
(strictly the terminal part of the stem) often divided and bearing two
umbels; peduncles sometimes below the terminal part of the stem,
laterally or at the forkings when branched ; bracts 1 .V 2 lin. long, subu-
late, or minute ; pedicels J-l in. long, pubescent down one .side. Sepals
2 lin. long, h-^ Hn. broad, oblong, acute, puberuloiis. Corolla rotate
(or somewhat reflexed ?) ; lobes 5-(l lin. long, 2^. lin. broad, oblong-
elliptic, acute, glabrous, "inten.se orange" {H'elwit^ch). Coronal lol)e.-i
arising }~^ lin. above the base of the staminal-column and excee«ling it
by about J of their length, 2l~2}, lin. long, complicate-cucullate in the
apical part, having the inflexed'' sides produced over th«' tips of the
VOL. IV. ^'

'^42 T.XX.W. ASCLKPTADE/K (rROWn). [Ascl^plaS'

anthers into falcate acute npcuived teetli, und a short horn or tootb
on the face of the lobe between them, usually slightly exserted, the face
of the lobe in the lower part nairowly 2-winged, subcordate and shortly
clawed at the hwi^e.—Stathmostelma Wehvitschii, Britten S: Rendle u^
Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 28 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. (1^7.

Ibower Guinea. Anifola : Puiiyo Aiulouy:!) : in elevated sandy thickets nenr
Petras de Gnin.'ii, very run-, H'^flwlfsch, -ilHH I 410H« ; 70 miles from Ainbriz,
Moniolro f

Siiuilar to A. niacrn,)lha in coroJi.'d sti-ucture, but the habit, and the eolour of
the riowers are (juite dist'nct.

37. A. laurentiana, iV. E. Br. Stem herbaceous, erect, sparsely
pubescent. Leaves sessile, up to 8 J in. long and 10|- lin. broad, lanceo-
late, attenuate at the base, with hairs on both sides, revolute and
scabrous along the margins. Umbels solitary or in pairs, terminal or
lateral, 6-flowered ; peduncles as much as 0} in. long, but always shorter
than the leaves from whose axils they arise ; bracts 2 J lin. long, lanceo-
late ; pedicels 15-10 lin. long, slightly hairy. Sepals ?> lin. long, ovate,
acuminate, slightly hairy on the back. Corolla rotate ; lobes h in. long,
\ in. broad, elliptic, glabrous, yellow. Coronal-lobes arising a little-
above the base of the staminal-column, erect, 2-2 J lin. long, complicate-
cucullate, with the inflexed sides produced into small erect teeth, not
reaching to the same level as the rounded apex of the lobe, and with a
horn on the face within, arising a little below the middle of the lobe.
Staminal-column 2 lin. long. — Stathmostelma laurentiana, Dewevre in
Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiv. 87.

]Lo\irer Guinea. Lower Congo, Laurent.
T have not seen this species.

38. A. rhacodes, N. E. Br. Stem 1-2 ft. high, erect, simple^
rather slender, with a puberulous line down one side alternating at
ihe nodes. Leaves somewhat ascending; petiole 1-2 lin. long; blade
3-4 in. longj 1-^-2 lin. broad, linear, gradually tapering to an acute-
apex, cuneately acute at the base, glabrous, with scaberulous margins
and midrib. Umbels few (1-3), lateral and terminal, pedunculate,
2-4-flowered ; peduncles f-lj in. long, puberulous along one side ;
bracts lJ-2 lin. long, linear or subulate, acute, very deciduous ; pedi-
cels |— 1 in. long, puberulous. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, 1 lin. broad,,
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, puberulous or glabrous on the back.
Corolla about 1 in. in diam., rotate (or somewhat reflexed ?), very
deeply 5-lobed ; lobes '")|-0 J lin. long, 2|— 2J lin. broad, oblong-
lanceolate, subacute, glabrous on both sides, scarlet on the inner face,,
greenish, tinted with red and becoming yellow at the edges on the
back. Coronal -lobes bright orange, arising 1-1 J ^in. above the base
of the staminal-column and exceeding it by half their length, 3J-4J
lin. long, incurved-erect, narrowly complicate with ascending or sub-
erect, falcate-ovate, acute, inflexed sides which much overtop the vet y
obtuse apex, an upcurved subulate horn between them at the apex.
of the lobe. Staminal-column 2i-3i lin. long ; anther-appendages;

Asclepias.] lxxxv. Ascr>iMADF.i: (bii(;wn). ?>\3

orbicular, very obtuse, their tips inflexed over tlje to)* of the style.- -
Stathmostelma rhacodes, K. Sclmm. iri Engl. Jalnb. xvii. 1;>1, t (i,
fig. J)-F, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. :522, and in En^d. c^- Prantl. PHanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 240. S. ^^efZwncitZa^A*//^, Sclilechter in Journ. Bot. 181)."), ;;:>4,
not of K. Sclium.

STile Dtand. Ugmda: Buddu ; liiigauira, Scoft-F.lliot , 7l<):5l Knviroiuli ;
l)et\vet'ii Xaiidi and Mumias, -i400-f)UOI) It.. WhiiLe ! bctuetMi Mmiiii- ;iiid L\il.wa»,
4000 4500 ft., WInjtel deceuding tlu- .Man IMateau towards Nandi. Wkqlf! and
witliout i)rec-i!-e Incality, Wilson, I'M liritish Kast Africa: Atln l'l..iiis, .'j(X)0-
60O0 ft., Si'otl-Elliut, 6499 !

IVIozaixtb. X>i8t. Genuan East Afrii-a : Ukiri ; t»ii tlie fa-t s)ici» of Lake
A'ictoria, Fischer, ii'Jo (ex Schiimaini).

ol). A, propinqua, ^V. E. Br. in Kew Hailetin, IS'.).'), 2."»4. Stem
pubescent with minute curved hairs. Leaves sessile, %-^\ in. long,
i-1 lin. broad, linear or linear-fiiiform, with revolute nijugins, pubes-
cent or subtomentose. Umbels terminal, :)-l-flowered ; |)eduncles
1-1^ in. long; bracts more or less minute; pedicels ^-1 in. lon^,
minutely pubescent. Sepals 2^-,^ lin. long, lanceolate, acute, pubej^cent.
Corolla about 1 in. in diam., rotate, r)dobed almost to the base, glabrous,
apparently yellowish-green ; lobes f) lin. long, :> lin. broad, ovate-
oblong, subobtuse. Coronal-lobes arising 7> lin. above the bstse of the
titaminal -column and nearly twice as long, erect, 3-^1^, lin. h^ig, com-
plicate, very obtusely rounded at the apex, with the in Hexed sides abovt'
their middle produced into falcate upcurved teeth, with a third oblong
obtuse tooth between them on the face of the lobe. Staminal-column
''2-2h lin. long ; anther-appendages ovate.

IKKozamb* Slst* German East Africa : Kilmuanjaro, .Sw^Y/i .'
Only one specimen seen, which is about 7 in. high. In tlie .structure of the
corona it is very like A. macrantha, Hochst., hut in the appearance of tlie plan
and in tlie niudi narrower pubescent leaves it ceems quite distinct, also tlie tilanun:
part of the staminal-column is only about half as long as it is in .4. nuicrantha.

40. A. angustata, N. E.Br. Plant 4-H in. higl) stems sparingly
branched at the base, glabrous with two pube.scent lines i-oaves 4-;')
pairs to a stem, ascending, 2-4 in. long, U-o lin. broad, linear or
linear-lanceolate, tapering to an acute point, narrowed at the ba.^e int^*
a 1-2 lin. long petiole, flat or revolute along the margins, glabrous oi
very slightly scaberulous on the midrib. Umbel solitary or rarely 2 to
a stem, terminal; peduncle f-1 in. long, 2^-2 in. long in fruit, pulnMu
lous on one side; bracts deciduous or none?; pedicels 8-10 lin. long,
IJ-lf in. long in fruit, puberulous. Sepals 4 lin. long, 2 lin. broad,
ovate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla a-lobed nearly to the bji.se ; lc)l>e.-
J in. long, \ in. broad, ovate-oblong, acute. Coronal-lobt-s arising from
the very base of the staminal-column, suberect, 4 lin. long, twice as
long as the staminal-column, complicate, oblong, acute, with a broad
deltoid acute tooth on the intlexed sides \ below the apex, papillate hut
scarcely puberulous within and on the edges below the teeth, no njeilian
tooth within and no pouches outside. Follicles 4^-;")^ in. long, al)out

544 Lxxxv. ASCLEriADE.E (brown). [Asclepios.

r> lin. thick, lanceolate, tapering to a beak at the apex rmd to a l|-lj
in. long stipe at the base. Seeds flat, 2 lin. long, 1| lin. broad, ovate,
wrinkled on both sides, margins thickened, brown. — Stathmostelnm
(mgvstatnrn, K. Sclium. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 132.

Wile Iiand. Abyssinia : Sana ; in swampy places on Walclia mountain plain,
Schhnper, 1589 !

41. A muhindensis, ^V. E. Br. Stems erect or ascending, 7-10
in. high, slender, 1 ;^>-2 lin. in diam. at the thickest part, puberuloiis
down one side in the upper part^ Leaves sessile, h-^^ in. long, ^7-2
lin. broad, narrowly linear, acuminate, narrowed at the base, glabrous
on both sides. Umbels from one axil ( ? sublateral), 2-4-flowered ;
})eduncles unequal, J-2J in. long, puberulous down one side ; pedicels
)j-| in. long, puberulous down one side. Sepals ?> lin. long, h lin.
broad, lanceolate-subulate, pubescent, green, tipped with violet.
•Corolla r)-lobed to 2J-3J lin. above the base, white outside, speckled
with violet within f lobes 3-4 lin. long, oblong, acute, glabrous.
Coronal-lobes arising about h ^i"- above the base of the staminal-
column, '2\ lin. long, li near-el fiptic in outline, shortly 3-lobed at the
apex, margin incurved (i.e. complicate), puberulous at the middle
within, and externally with a small pouch on each side at the middle.
Staminal-column 2h lin. long; anthers described as follows: " Stami-
nibus lateralibus curvatis et valde induratis, connectivo maxinio
inflexo et crispato in sinus stigmatis capitis valde dissectis immersis."
which I take to mean that the anthers have very horny curved
sides (anther- wings) and very large in flexed and crisped appendages,
sunk in the sinuses of the much divided apex of the style. — Stath-
mostelma hicolor, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 457.

Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Uhehe ; on the Muliindc Stejtpe,
4000 ft., Goefze, 523.

Said to re-emble A. angiistaia, N. E. Br., but differing in its much narrowta-
sepals. Tlie arrangement of the umbels is not stated, but I assume tliey a;e
arranged in a snbcorymbose manner.

42. A. reflexa^ Brilte/i <t Renclle in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iv,
28, in note. Plant 1-2 ft. high. Stems glabrous, with two usually
sparsely pubescent lines. Leaves in 3-6 moderately distant pairs,
s:)iAewhat spreading ; petiole J-3 lin. long ; blade 2-G in. long, ^-4 lin,
broad, linear or lanceolate-linear, acuminate or acute, acute or rounded
into the petiole at the base, with narrowly revolute scaberulous margins,
glabrous or occasionally with a sparse minute pubescence on both sides.
Umbels usually two, on long peduncles at the apex of the stem, which
is usually destitute of leaves in the upper part umbel solitary in weak
plants or in strong plants dichotomously divided, producing a third
umbel, 4-(>-flowered ; peduncles 3-10| in. long, pubescent down one
side ; bracts none or minute ; pedicels |-1 Jin. long, pubescent. Sepals
2 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, pubescent, reflexed. Corolla o-lobed
nearly to the base ; lobes 3-4 lin. long, IJ-lf lin. broad, ovate-oblong,
obtuse, reflexed, with revolute margins, glabrous, red or purplish.

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade.k (brown). 345

(Joronal-lobes arising J lin. above the base of the staminal-column and
twice as long, bright or dark orange, erect, 4-4 J lin. long, linear-
oblong or linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, channelled down the face,
Avith a deltoid-subulate tooth 1 lin. long at the middle of each margin,
horizontally extended over the top of the staminal-column, and with or
without a median tooth on the inner face of the lobe; anther-appendages
large, ovate or orbicular, acute or obtuse, inflexed over the top of the
style. Follicles 3-3|- in. long, 4-5 lin. thick, lanceolate, tapering into
a beak. — Gomphocarpus pauciflorus, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mos.'^amb.
Bot. 276. StatJwiostelma paucijlorum, K.Schun). in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
132; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322 ; and in Engl, .t Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 240 ; Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 333. ,S'. reflexumy
Britten ct Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 27, t. 0, figs. 4-fi.

Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Rios de Sen^, Peters ! Zambesi
Delta, A7r^, 16 ! Lower Zambesi, above Expedition Islatnl, Kirk, 1471 I^ritipb
Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Koudowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Cliikalii
and Zombii, Purves, 34 ! Mount Zomba, 2500-5000 ft., Meller ! Whyte ! Mapo-
niero, Meller I Elephant Marsh, Scott! Shire Highlands. Scott-Elliot, H509 '.
8567 ! Buchanan, 319 ! Manganja Hills, Waller ! Namasi, Cameron, 2 1
Jiliodesia; north of Umtali, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 160 !

43. A. aurea, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1890, 455. Piant 9-15 in.
high. Stem erect, simple or occasionally branched at the ba.se, with
internodes |-H in. long, slender, puberulous along two lines alternating
at the nodes. Leaves lA-3^ in. long, h lin. broad, linear-tiliform,
glabrous. Umbels on large peduncles, lateral at the nodes, 3-7-
flowered ; peduncles 2|-5^ in. long, with a puberulous line down one
side, slender; bracts 1-1^ lin. long, subulate; pedicels 3-6 lin. long,
slightly puberulous. Sepals 1-1 ^ lin. long, about J lin. broad, lanceo-
late, acuminate, pubescent on the back. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the
base, reddish- or purplish- brown, thinly pubescent on the outside ; lobes
spreading, 1^-2 lin. long, l\ lin. broad, orate, notched at the obtusely
pointed apex, very minutely ciliate along one margin. Coronal-lobes
iuising at the base of the staminal-column and twice as long as it,
bright orange-yellow, compressed-cucullate at the base, produced at the
apex into a long channelled spreading or somewhat recurved point, the
cucullate part ^-f lin. long, subtruncate with recurved margins at the
top, produced at the inner apical angles into short erect obtu.^e teeth
and reaching to about the same level as the staminal-column ;
channelled point about 1 lin. long. Staminal-column |-1 lin. long, of
equal diameter at base and apex ; anthers subquadrat^, with short
broadly-rounded membranous appendages inflexed over the margin of
the truncate apex of the style.— -•(. aurea, Schlechter, and var. brevi-
cuspis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1002, 255. (.'omphocarpaa aureus,
Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. Beibl. 45, 17.

Mozamb. l>l»t. Rliodesia : Salisbury, Rand, 638! at six-mile Spruit, nenr
Salisbury, Hon, Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 144! (iwelo district. Rand, 188 !

Also in South Africa.

J54G Lxxxv. asc'Ij:im.\de/!<: (ijrown). [Ascle]>las.

The var. fjrfriru.spis, S. ^Moore, only d fFcrs from tlio type ir. luiviiif^j a rather
shorter pout to tlie (•oro>ial-h)t)e?, hut tliis is a coinnioii variati ii aiuonii^ Asclei)'atl.s,
and a]ii)art'ntly not constant.

44. A. schuxnanniana, llieim In Cat. Afr. Vl. Wdv:. i. (J<S(;.
Tuber ellipsoidul. Stem 9~ 14 in. hi'oli. simple or branched, pubescent
with short curved hairs. Leaves numerous, glaucous-green ( WelwUsch).
ascending or spreading; petiole l-H lin. long; blade J-2 in. long,
2-r> lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, cuneate or acute at the base or in the
lower leaves more or less rounded, narrowly revoluteand sciibrid along
the margins, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs on both side>.
Umbels solitary and terminal or 2-4 racemose along the upper part of
the stem, pedunculate, 3-')-fiowered ; peduncles r^-H in. long, usually
subequal when more than 2 to a stem, thinly pubescent; bracts 2-4i
lin. long, subulate, sparsely ciliate ; pedicels 4-(*) lin. long, sparsely
pubescent. Sepals 3J lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, sparsely pubes-
cent. Corolla subrotate or iotate-camp)anulate, f^-O lin. in diam .
densely veined with violet-purple on a pale ground, " intense violet-
rosy " (Welw'itsch), sometimes drying dark brown ; lobes 4-4^ lin. long,
2j-e" lin. broad, oblong-ovate, subacute, ciliolate and with a few shoi t
hairs on the back. Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the staminal-
column and equalling or slightly e.xceedirg it. erect, 2^-o lin. long,
cucullate in the basal part only, the margins of which are adnate to
the staminal-column and confluent with the margins of the adjacent
lobes, forming sinuate-crenulate lobules reaching to the base of tht^
aiirther-wings ; within the cucullate part at the very base and up the
adnate sides is a transverse line of short erect flat scale-like hairs, but
no median tooth ; apical part produced, lanceolate, concave, subacute
or bidentate, yellowish, with a dark brown or pui-ple-brown. stripe down
the middle. — Gomphocarpus amocmis, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
124 ; in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 11?^^'} ; and in Bull. Soc. Bot.
Belg. xxxvii. 122.

iMO'weT Guinea. Angoli : Pungo Andong'o; in thickets on the higher parts of
the Praesidium, on Pedra de CazeDa, WelwUsch, 4169 ! near Malange, MechoH\
40O!

Soutli Central. Congo Free 8 fate : Upper Marangu' (Marimgii), I>e Beersf
(ex Schumann).

This may possibly be the same as A. jmlchella, X. K. Br.

45. A. pulchella, N. E. Br. Stem 10-12 in. high, simple, pubes-
cent with very short and long scattered spreading hairs intermingled ;
internodes ^-1 in. long. Leaves opposite or occasionally 3 at a node,
ascending-spreading, sessile or subsessile, 1^-1 f in. long, 2^-dh lin.
broad, linear-lanceolate, acute, very thinly sprinkled Avith rather long
jointed hairs on both surfaces, appearing glabrous to the eye. Umbels
about 4 to a stem, axillary or sublateral, pedunculate, subcorymbosely
arranged, a-G-flowered ; lower peduncles 2^-3 in. long, uppermost ont^
1^ in. long, minutely pubescent and with a sprinkling of. long jointed
spreading hairs ; bracts 2 lin. long, filiform-subulate, thinly pubescent ;

Asclepia.":.^ i.xxxv. ASfLLCiAOKv; (iiiiow .\). .'.47

pedicels 4 6 lin. long, pubescent like the peduncles. Sepals iM lin. long,
I lin. broad, spreading, lanceolate, very acute, thinly piibesceMt with
long hairs on the back. Corolla lobcd almost to tiie base, densely
veined with rosy-purple outside, whitish, slightly veined with rosy-
purple within; lobes spreading. 4 lin. long, 2.', lin. broad, ol»long or
ovate-oblong, subncute, with a few long jointed hairs on the back of t h.*.
apical half, glabrous within, shortly ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising at thti,
base of the staminal-column and e(|ualling it in length, 'J lin. long,
erect, rather thick and fleshy, cucuUate in the basal lialf only, which
is adnate to the staminal-column up to the base of the anthers, where
each side is produced into a short erect tooth close to the anther-
wings, apical part tapering to an obtu.se point, channelled down the
inner face, within the cucullate part (at its top or at about the njiddle
of the lobe) is a very dense transverse band of short obtuse hairs, none
at the base. Staminal-column 2-:^| lin. long; anther-appendages
broadly ovate, obtuse, inflexed over the depressed truncate apex of
the style. — Gomphocarpvs jndcheUus, iJecne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser.
ix. 32"), and in DC. Prod. viii. :u)>^.

]Lo'wer Guinea. Angohi, collectov'.s w.nwv not ivcovcU-d on tlic lubi-l !

This species «is very closely allied ti) A. .schvvKtmiiaun , Hiern, A.fulton',
N. E. lir., and A. viodesla, N. E. Hr., from all of which it differs in havir-: mncli
more rigidly fleshy coronal-lohes, with tlie transverse band of luiirs within theni
placed higher up, at the very margin of the cucullate jiart, hroader, more dense and
of rather stouter and more rigid haiis. The less membr.moiis purple-viined corolla
also distinguishes it ftom A.foUoso and -,:1. modesio, whilst the longer ])cdniicles,
rosy-purple (not violet-puri)le) venation of the flower*, and terete (not flattened,
scale-like) hairs within the ct)ronal-lobes equally distinj^uish it from .4. schinnan-
niana.

The above descrijition was made from the type specimen of Oomphoparpvs
jmlc/ielhi.i, Decne,, kindly lent for the purpose hy the Director of the Paris Htrbarium.

4{'). A. dissoluta, Schlechter, Westafr. Kautschuk-E.i]>ed. ;W»1».
Stem 10-18 in. (or more ?) high, simple, glabrous, with one puberulous
line. Leaves 1^-4 in. long, 1-2 lin. broad, linear, acuminate, narrowed
or acute at the base, slightly revolute along the margins', glabrous.
Umbels solitary (always?), terminal, 2-4-flowered ; peduncle r)-7Uin.
long ; bracts subulate, |-2 lin. long, ^dabrous ; pedicels :>-<; lin. long,
glabrous. Sepals 2. lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla
probably nearly rotate, O-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 4 lin. long,
If lin. broad, oblong, subobtuse, recurved at the very apex, glabrous on
both sides. Coronal-lobes arising ^-J lin. above the ba^je of the 1 A-2
lin. long staminal-column, and slightly exceeding it, IJ-lJ. lin. long,
erect, linear-oblong, slightly complicate or concave-channelled down the
face, convex on the back, rounded or very obtuse at the apex, which is
sometimes a little recurved, broadest at the base ; margins .somewhat
abruptly narrowed about one-third the way up, forming a slight pro-
jecting angle, as seen sideways (.scarcely a tooth); no tooth on the
face of the lobe. Anther-appendages elliptic or orbicular, sub-
acute or obtuse, inflexed over the ai>ex of the styXe. - Xysmalohunn

348 Lxxxv., AscLEPiADE.E (brown). [Asclepias.

dissoli'tam, K. 8chum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 119 ; and in Engl.
<fe Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 232; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo,
i. 192. Schizoglossinn v/o/«ce'<m, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 122;
and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 233.

Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: near Dolo in the vicinity of Stanley Pool,
Schlechter, 12808 (ex Schlechter). Angola : San Salvador ; in the Steppe near
Tunis, Billtner, 504 !

Soutb Central. Lunda : Mukenge, Pogge, 1227 !

X. dissolutum is described iis having 2-tiowered peduncles, but the s])eciinen I
liave seen has three pedicels and the scar of a fourth.

47. Ai rubella, X. E. Br. Stems simple, 12-16 in. high, slender,
hispid-scabrous. Leaves sessile, 1-2 J in. long, 3-3 J lin. broad, lanceo-
late or linear-lanceolate, acute, sparsely pubescent, revolute margins
scabrid. Umbels terminal, several-flowered; peduncles 7-9 lin. long;
bracts -1-5 J lin. long, linear, hispidulous ; pedicels hispidulous. Sepals
4 lin. long, subulate, pubescent and ciliate. Corolla rotate, pink ;
lobes 4J lin. long, oblong, obtuse, densely hairy on the back,
ciliolate. Coronal-lobes 2\ lin. long, arising 1|- lin. above the base of
the staminal-column and reaching to its top, complicate-cucullate, oblong
with a produced apex, papillose within. Staminal-column 4 lin. long.^
Gomphocavpus roseus, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 127, and in
Engl. k. Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 237 ; Durand & Schinz, Etudes
Fl. Congo, i. 193.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Bangala ; by the River Kuango, near Kitamba,
Togge, 614.

Only known to nio from the description, but would appear to be allied to A.
schwnanniana, Jliern.

48. A. modesta, X. E. Br. Rootstock tuberous. Stem solitary,
simple or sparingly branched towards the base, pubescent. Leaves
often very spreading, in larger plants H-3 in. long, l|-4 lin. broad,
linear or linear-lanceolate, in smaller plants |-1 J in. long, 2-G lin. broad,
oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute or subacute, narrowed or acute at the
base and sometimes tapering into a short petiole, glabrous, with the
exception of a few hairs along the revolute margins and the midrib
beneath. Umbels 2-4 to a stem, lateral and terminal, pedunculate,
3-6-flowered ; peduncles h-2 in. long, pubescent ; bracts 1-1^ lin. long,
subulate. Sepals 2 lin. long, | lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, pubescent,
ciliate. Corolla r)-lobed nearly to the base, quite glabrous, or pubescent
outside, white or whitish, more or less tinted with rose or rosy-purple
outside; lobes 3-4 lin. long, 1^-2 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, minutely
ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column, and
about equalling it, 1 ;j-2 lin. long, erect or slightly spreading, cucullate
to about the middle with the apical part produced, obtuse ur subacute,
com plicate-channelled ; margins of the cucullate part adnate to the
staminal-column below, shortly free above and produced into small
oblong obtuse erect teeth ; inside of the hood with a trans-

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade.-e (brown). ;i49

verse papillate-pubescent line towards the base, but no median tooth.
Staminal-column Ij lin. long; anther-appendages ovate, acute, infiexed
over the rim of the flat or slightly concave apex of the style.

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : on the hij^lier phttpau north of Lake
'Synss-^, Thomson ! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; North Xyasaland and Upper
Loangwa River, ISichohon! near Blantyre, Lasf ! Manganja Hills, Waller!
Namasi, Cameron, 6 !

X^v.foliosa, N. E. Br. Corolla-lobes 2^,-3 lin. long, indistinctly veined with
rosy-pnrple within. Coronal-lobes shorter than the staminal-cohunn 1-1^ lin. long.
— A.foliosa, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 68C, excl. syn.

Iiower Guinea. Angola: Hnilla; near LopoUo, in pastnres sparsely covered
with bushes, Wehvitsch, 4174!

This plant seems somewhat variable in stature and in Ihe ^i/(' ami form of the
leaves, but 1 find no essential difference in the structure of the flowers of the various
specimens seen. It appears to be closely allied to A.foliosa, X. E. Hr., but diflFers
in the basal part of the coronal-lobes being somewhat abruptly cucullate and in the
constiint presence of a short erect oblong obtuse tooth on each side of the cucullate
part arising from the top margins close to the staminal-column.

The Angolan plant only appears to differ from the tyi)e in its ratlier smaller
fiowers and shorter coronal-lobes.

49. A, foliosa, JV. E. Br. Stem solitary, simple or branched
below, 10-14 in. high. Leaves subsessile or sessile, 2-:^i in. long,
1^-3 lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed or acute
at the base, recurved along the margins, glabrous, with the exception of
a few rather long hairs on the margins and midrib beneath. Umbels
few, lateral and terminal, pedunculate, about 4-flowered ; pedicels 3-4
lin. long, pubescent. Sepals about 1^, lin. long, jf lin. broad, lanceolate,
acute, pubescent. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, glabrous on both
sides, white (?) ; lobes 3J lin. long, 2 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, very
minutely cilia te. Coronal -lobes aiising at the base of the staminal-
column and nearly equalling it in length, \h lin. long, cucullnte, erect,
obliquely oblong, obtuse, their inflexed margins very obliquely rounded,
each with a small acute tooth at the base inflexed within the hood,
which has a transverse papillate-pubescent line within, a little below the
middle. Between and connecting the coronal-lobes are "> small pourh-
like flaps under the projecting horny anther wings. Staminal-column
If lin. long; anther-appendages ovate, acute, inflexed over the rim of
the slightly concave apex of the style. — Gomphocdrpnsfoliosus, K. Schuu).
in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 126, and in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
237 ; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 103.

South Central. Congo Free State: Bashllanj::c ; near Mnkcuge, Pogije, 113o!
]]91 and VllZ (ex Schumann).

According to Schumann a plant collected between Kingciige and the Kas.ii
River, Po(jge, 975, probably belongs here also.

50. A. palustris, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. ISD."., 330. Roots
tuberous. Stem 18 in. or more high, rather slender. siiUple or
branched, pubescent. Leaves slightly sprending, Ij 2A in. long, 2^-5
lin. broad, subsessile or on very short petioles, liiu-ar-lanceolate to

:)50 Lxxxv. AS('LEPiADK.+: (hkown). [Asclepios.

narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded or emarginate at the base,
levolute along the margins, minutely scaberulous or with a short
spreading pubescence. Umbels terminal aud lateral, peiluncuiate, G-10-
fiowered, subcorymbose at the top of the stem ; peduncles ^—0 in. long,
pubescent; bracts 1^-2 lin. long, subulate; pedicels 5-8 lin. long,
pubescent. Sepals 2-'2h lin. long, attenuate, acute, more or less pubes-
cent. Corolla J in. in diam., with very spreading or reflexed lobes o-3|-
lin. long, 2-2| lin. broad, ovate, acute, pubescent on the back, puberu-
lous towards the base within, apparently whitish, with or without dark
purple dots and lines within but pale rosy according to Welwitsch.
Coronal-lobes horizontally radiating from the Vjase of the staminal-
column and only reaching to half its height, 1^ lin. long, 1 J lin. high,
purple-brown with whitish margins, hood- or bonnet-shaped, sub-
truncate, minutely denticulate along the top margins, which have an
«rect tooth on each side at the base ; the cavity is nearly filled up by a
large tuft of pubescent or papillate filaments arising from a large keel
that runs along the bottom of the hood and papillate along the margin
within. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw.i. (IHO. Gomphocarpus a'istatus,
Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser. ix. o25, t. 11, D. fig. 3; and in DC.
Prod. viii. 5G2; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 2?)^.
G. palastris, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 127, and in Engl, tk Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 28(5. G. palaster^ K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx.
;582.

Ito-wer Guinea. Anjjo'a : Pungo Aiulongo ; on the moro e'evated rocks of the
Praesidiuui, M'dmitsch, 4167 ! Malaiige, Mechow, 317, 401 !

Mozamb. Sist. Gcnnan East Africa: Unyika, on a liilly plateau near
Kaiinnda Vilhue, 4900 ft., Goeifc^', 1440 {e\ Schumann). British Central Africa:
XyasHlaiul; Mount Malosa, 4000-6000 fr., Wht/te ! Kondowe to Karong^,, Whyte !
Mount Zomba, Wh(/fe ! Mou -.t MUiiije, Svott-ElUot, 8670! McClonnie, 49!

The Zomha plant has ratlier Lnfrer teeth jit the hiise of the coronal-lobes and the
ti'aments within are ratlier sliorter tliau in the Angolan plant, but I do not think it is
>jiecifieally di^tinct.

51. A. pygmsea, X. K. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 255. Plant
3-4 in. high. Stems several from a root, simple or once or twice
branched, pubescent. Leaves somewhat spreading, lower opposite,
upper, or at least some of those arising from a flowering node, '^ in a
whorl, subsessile, 1-2 in. long, ^-| lin. broad, linear, acute, scaberu-
lous, revolute to midrib along the margins. Umbels 1-3 to a stem,
pedunculate, corymbose, 4-G-flovvered ; peduncles J-| in. long, pubes-
cent; bracts 2^-3 lin. long, subulate, pubescent; pedicels 4-G lin. long,
pubescent. Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, pubescent. Corolla
5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 21-3 lin. long, 1| lin. broad, oblong,
subobtuse, more or less pubescent oii the back. Coronal-lobes stel-
lately radiating from the base of the staminal-column and rising to the
same general level 2 lin. long, complicate, inflexed sides or the basal
half produced into broad deltoid obtuse erect teeth reaching to the
top of the staminal-column, minutely papillate-pubescent within.
Anther-appendages broad, transverse, rounded.

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 351

XVXoxaiub. Dist. (lonnaii Kast Africa : l.ower ]»lateau, north of J.akc Xvasu,
ThoiHstoii !

The leaves ami stems in the dried s-tate iire tinted witli ])nrplo.

52. A. Randii, S. }[oore In Joara. Bot. 11102, 2i)'>. Plant Jibout
') ill. high, branching near the base. Branches about !j lin. tjjick,
shortly pilose ; interuodes :>-(} lin. long. Le.ives ascending-spreading,
sessile or subsessile, J-2^ in. long, 'I \ lin. broad, linear, acute, pilose
■on both sides. Umbels about 2 to a brancli, subcorynibose,
;)-4-tiowered ; peduncles (1-1(1 lin. long, densely pilose ; bracts 2-2.1 lin.
long, pilose-pubescent, persi^tent ; pedicels O-d lin. long, <lensely pflose.
Sepals 2 lin. long, f lin. broid, lanceolate, acute, pilose-pui)e.scent, some-
what retlexed. Corolla apparently green, lobed neaily to the base;
lobes slightly retlexed, '.) lin. long, H lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subobtu.se,
tliinly pilose on the back, glabrous within. Coro'ial-lobes ari.sing at
tne base of the staminal-column and overtopping it by nearly or quite
tialf their length, about •\\ lin. long, erect, co.nplicate-cucullate in the
basal part, which does not reach to the top of the staminal-coluoin and
is produced into short obtuse teeth at the apicil angles of the sides,
terminal part proiluced into an erect linear obtuse process 2 lin. long ;
inner surface minutely papillate-puberulous. Staminal-column l.',lin.
Jong.

Xtlozamb. Bist. Ithodosia : Salislmry, Hand, 194 I

53. A. exninens, Schleckter in Joiirn. Bot. 18DG, 45;5. Plant 5-10
in. high, branching clo.se to the ground. Branches usually more or less
<lecumbent, pubescent along 2 lines alterrating at the nodes, leafy ;
internodes ^-1 in. long. Leaves ascending, usu illy unilateral ; petiole
1-3 lin. long ; blade 1-4J in. long, f-2J lin. broad, linear, acute, shortly
hastate or rounded at the base, subcoriaceous, thickened along the
flat or slightly recurved margins, quite glabrous on both sides or thinly
setulose-scabrid along the midrib beneath. Umbels solitary on ejich
branch, terminal, pedunculaie, 3-G-flowered, erect ; peduncle ^,-2^* in.
long, pubescent along one side; bracts 3-5 lin. long, \-\ lin. brojid,
linear, acute, glabrous or sparsely setulose-scabrid,- usually very
<leciduous ; pedicels \-\ in. long, puberulous along one side. Sepals
2i^-4 lin. long, | lin. broad, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, very acute,
gfabrous or with here and there a hair. Corolla lobed nearly to the
base, greenish, glabrous on both sides; lobes 4^-(l^ lin. long, ljj-2jlin.
broad, lanceolate, tapering to an obtuse point, very spreading or some-
what reflexed. Coronal-lobes arising J lin. above the Iwise of the
staminal-column and overtopping it by \-\ of their length, '.\-\\ lin.
long, J-| lin. broad across the side, complicate and of nearly eipial
breadth throughout, erect, recurved-spreading at the apical piirt,
inflexed sides truncate or rounded at the top and spread out forming
an open mouth to the complicate part, apex of the 1oIh» produced
<lorsally into a short deltoid point. Staminal-column 2J-3J lin.
long; anther-appendages elliptic, obtu.se, inflexed over the apt'X of

352 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Asclepias^

the style ; anther-wings about J lin. broad and obtusely rounded in
the lower half.

BXozamb. Blst. Rhodesia : between Enkeldoorn and Rocky Spruit, Hon^
Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 134 ! Buluwayo, Rand, 183, 189 (ex S. Moore).

Also in the Transvaal and Natal.

The coronal-lobes of the Tropical specimens are shorter than is usual in those-
from South Africa, being only J longer than the staminal-column, lut I have seen
specimens from Natal ifi Mhich they are equally short.

Imperfectly knoivn species.

54. A. dependenSy N. E. Br. Stems curved-erect, 8-10 in..
high, slender, rusty-pubescent. Leaves sessile, 1-2 in. long, 1^-2 J lin.
broad, linear, acuminate, acute at the base, sparsely pubescent on both
sides, scabiid on the recurved margins. Umbels 1-8 (or more?), ter-
minal and lateral, 2-4-flowered ; bracts 11-2 lin. long ; flowers pendu-
lous on pubescent pedicels lJ-3 hn. long. Sepals \ in. long, subulate,
pubescent. Corolla rotate-cam pan ulate ; lobes 8^-3f lin. long, appa-
rently pink, sparsely puberulous on the back, ciliolate. Coronal-lobes-
arising J lin. above the base of the staminal-column and equalling it in
length, 1 lin. long, subulate, with several interposed teeth. — Gompho-
carpas iependens, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 125, and in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 23G ; Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo.,
i. 193.

Soutb Central. Lunda, Mussumba of Muata Jamvo, Togge, 371 !

55. A. nutans, N. E. Br. Suffruticose, pubescent. Stem angu-
lar, pilose-pubescent. Leaves subsessile, 4-7 in. long, 2-3 lin. broad^
linear, acuminate, pilose-pubescent. Umbels several, lateral at the
nodes, pedunculate, nodding, many-flowered ; peduncle^ 1 in. long,
pubescent-villous. Bracts linear, acute, pubescent, half as long as the
pubescent pedicels. Sepals subequailing the corolla, linear-subulate^
pubescent. Corolla rotate, pubescent outside. Buds globose, about the
size of a pea. — Gomphocarpus nutans, Klotzsch in Peters, Beise Mos-
samb. Bot. 275 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 236,.
and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322.

ItSozamb. Dist. I'ortuguese Ka>>t Afiicsi : Lower Zambesi; ^qv.k, Peters.
I have not seen this plant ; the corona is undescinbed.

56. A. crinita, N. E. Br. Stem erect, very much branched,
glabrous below, puberulous above, at length becoming hollow. Leaves^
opposite or 3-4 in a whorl, long, scarcely petiolate, the lower lanceo-
late, the upper linear, all acuminate, with revolute margins, glabrous,
the uppermost alone being puberulous. Umbels lateral at the nodes,
pedunculate, shorter than the leaves, 4-6-flowered ; peduncles rather
stout ; pedicels erect, becoming bent downwards when in fruit. Sepals
lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous. Corolla scarcely longer than the
calyx, rotate, spreading, white ; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse. Coronal-
lobes erect, crenate at the apex, at least in the dried state. Follicle

Asclepias.] lxxxv. asclepiade/E (brown). 353

(solitary?) ascending, ventricose, acuminate, covered with green
bristles. Seeds with a tuft of long white hairs. — Gomphocarjiua crinitus,
Bertoloni in Mem. Accad. Scienze Istit. Bologna, l^bly iii. 2.")3, t, 2U,
fig. 1 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322.

XVXozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : lnlia;iibane, Fornasini (ei
Bertoloni).

I have not seen this species, but it appears to be allied to A. Phillipsioe, N. K.
Br. Although the town of Inhambane is just soutli of the Tropic of Capricorn, the
plant in all probability will be found to occur w itliin the liniits of the Tropical
Flora.

20. SCHIZOGLOSSUM, E. Meyer; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.

PI. ii. 75;3.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, rotate, or the
lobes campanulately spreading, reflexed, or rarely connate at their tip.s,
overlapping to the left in bud. Corona of 5 lobes arising from the
staminal-column opposite the anthers, dorsally flattened, never compli-
cate, but occasionally with slightly infolded margins, often produced at
the apex into a subulate or horn-like point, and furnished on the inner
face with 2 keels and usually with one or two teeth, horns or tongue-
shaped processes, or rarely without keel, tooth or horn on the face.
Staminal-column arising from the base of the corolla. Anthers erect,
terminated by membranous appendages, which are inflexed over the
apex of the style or erect. Follicles smooth or echinate. Seeds crowned
with a tuft of hairs. — Perennial herbs with milky juice. Rootstock
usually tuberous. Stem solitary or two or more from a tuber, simple,
or variously branched. Leaves opposite or whorled, often linear.
Flowers in sessile or pedunculate umbels, most of which are lateral
between the bases of the leaves, and one or two terminal.

Species numerous, found also in Madagascar and in South Africa. It is not
possible to draw any rigid line between the genera ISchizoglossum and Xysmalobium
in the case of those species of Schizoglossum that are witliout the axillary tooth,
born, keels or process on the inner face of the coronal-lobes ; the only difference
appears to be that the coronal-lobes are more flattened and much less fles-hy than tlu-y
are in Xysmalobium, but in most ciises the 2 keels are present on the inner face of
the coronal-lobes, which, taken together with the usually much thinner texture of the
lobes, at once distinguishes this genus from Xi/smalohium.

^Leaves (except sometimes in 14. S. virLdulum) less than
\ in. broad, filiform, linear or linear-lanceolate.
Corolla-lobes connate at the apex . . . . 1. S. connntum.

Corolla-lobes free.

Coronal-lobes much shorter than the staminal-
column ....... 20. 5. Welwilschii.

Coronal-lobes as long as or longer than the staminal-
column
Corolla-lobes with long woolly ^hairs on their
margins and apical part, and a short pubes-
cence on their middle part within.

Pedicels 4-6 lin. long 2. S. abi/ssinicum.

■If lin. long.

354

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE^ (bROWN).

[Schizoglossuum.

Corolla-lobes l^-l^ lin. Img, with the
shorter pubescence inside scarcely
visible to the eye, consisting of minute
papilla-like very obtuse hairs
Corolla-lobes 2-2 j lin. long, with the shorter
pubescence inside of distinctly visible
acute hairs .....

Corolla-lobes without long woolly hairs, but
. pubescent or thinly and minutely downy all

over within.
Coronal lobes with 1 long erect horn or point.
(See also 8. S. eruhescens in which
the dorsal horn is sometimes unde-
veloped.^
Horn arising just below the apex of the
coronal-lobe on its inner face ; corolla-
lobes 1-1^ lin. long, not purple-brown.
Horn strictly terminal ; corolla-lobes lf-2
lin. long, purple-brown
Coronal-lobes with an acuminate point sub-
horizontally intlexed over the tips of the
anthers ......

Coronal-lobes with 2 long horns or points.
Horns horizontal, 1 directed over the
staminal-column, the other backwards.
Horns erect or ascending.

Coronal-lobes subquadrate, with a short
tooth on each side of the central
horn, dark purple ....

Coronal - lobes diamond - shaped, not
toothed on each side of the terminal
liorn, yellowish ....

Coronal-lobes lanceolate, with a process that
is dilated and lacerate at the apex on the
inner face ......

Coronal-lobes truncate at the top, whence a
small oblong or ovate bifid or acute
appendage is abruptly infiexed over the
st iminal-column ! . . . .

Corolla-lobes pap llate-puberulons on the apical
half only, no long hairs ....

Corolla-lobes with a tuft of rather long stiff
hairs at the very apex, otherwise glabrous
within .......

Corolla-lobes quite glabrous within.
Umbels sessile.

Leaves less than 1 lin. broad ; coronal-lobes

subquadrate, 3-to.^thed at the apex
Leaves 'l-^h lin. broad ; coronal-lobes
linear, triangularly enlarged at tiie
apex ......

Umbels pedunculate.

Coronal-lobes with a distinct tooth on their
inner face; plant 2-4 in. high. .

3. S. angiiHissimum.

4. S. WhuteL

15.

10.

9.

7.

17.

13.

14.

18.

S. masaicum.
S. larhatum.

6. S. strictissimum.

8. S. eruhescens.

11. S. shi

S. gicelense.
S. filipes.

S. Elliot a.
S. aciculare.

12. S.Baiu

S. fuscopurpureum.
S. viridulum. ■
S. alpeslre.

Schizoglossum . ]

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE^ (bROWN).

355

Coronal-lobes without a tooth on their inner
face.
Corolla-lobes 1 lin. long ; coronal-lobes

ovate, obtuse . . . . 19. 5. angolense.

Corolla-lobes 5-7 lin. long; coronal-lobes

oblong or narrowly ol^long, incurved

along the margins, ikiiticulate at the

inflexed tips.

Corolla speckled and stained with

purple - brown on an ochreous

ground . . , . .21.

Corolla yellowish-green tipped with

purple-brown . . . .22.

Corolla-lobes 8-9 lin. long; coronal-lobes

oblong, 3-toothed at tlie apex. . 23.

** Leaves \-l\ iu. broad not linear or linear-lanceolate,
cordate or broadly rounded at the base, except in
16. S. Nyasce.
Umbels sessile.

Leaves 3-4 in a whorl ; coronal -lobes with 1 ter-
minal horn and 2 others in front of it . . 16.
Leaves opposite ; coronal-lobes truncate and ob-
tusely denticulate at the apex, with 2 wing-
like inflexed keels on the inner face . . 27.
Umbels pedunculate.

Coronal-lobes equalling or but slightly exceeding

the staminal-column ; corolla white . . 28.

Coronal-lobes overtopping the staminal-column by
about half their length.
Coronal-lobes terminating in a long subulate
horn ; corolla-lobes 2h Hn. long, pale viola-
ceous . . . . . . .26. S.firmum.

Coronal-lobes not terminating in a long horn ;
corolla- lobes 4-8 lin. long.
Coronal-lobes with teeth, keels or other appen-
dages on the inner face.
Coronal-lobes oblong, obtuse or irregularly
denticulate at the apex, with 2 wing-
like keels infolded so that their edges

meet 29. S'.Grantii.

Coronal-lobes pandurate - oblong with a
tongue-like process at the middle,
which is decurrent to the base as 2

keels

Coronal-lobes 2 lin. long, ovate, truncate,
with a triangular appendage on the
face ......

Coronal-lobes 3-4^ lin. long, dilated into

rounded auricles at the base, with a

contiguous pair of deltoid or quadrate

teeth below the middle

Apex of the style conical divided into

5-6 contiguous connivent - erect

lobules 32. .S. dUlinrtum.

S. Carsoni.

S. chlorojodinum.

S. lividijlorum.

S. Nyasre.

S. petherickianttiK.

S. simulans.

30.

31.

S. exiiiiium.
S. Gmtzei^

356 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (browx). [Schizoglossum.

Apex of the style dilated, pentagonal,

crater-like channelled at each iingle. 33. S. scyphosligma.
Coronal-lobes without keels or other appen-
dages on the inner face.
Coronal-lobes spathulate, acute . . . 25. S. dolichoglossum.

Coronal-lobes cuneate-oblong, irregularly
3-4-toothed or subtruncate at the
apex. ...... 24. ^S*. sjjnrinyii.

1. S. connatuxn, iV^ E. Br. in Keio Bulletin, 1895, 69. Stem
solitary (?) simple, lJ-2 ft. high, slender, softly pubescent. Leaves
erect, subsessile, 1J-2J in. long, J-1 lin. broad, linear, acute, with revo-
lute margins, pubescent. Umbels 6-8, lateral at the nodes along the upper
part of the stem, sessile, 6-8-flowered ; pedicels lJ-2Jlin. long, slender
pubescent. Sepals 1-lJ lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent.
Corolla 5-lobed almost to the base ; lobes 3 lin. long, |-1 lin. broad at
the base, linear- lanceolate-attenuate, incurved-erect, connate at their
tips, with revoliite-replicate margins, pubescent outside, minutely
puberulous within^ apparently greenish-yellow. Coronal-lobes f lin.
long and about the same in breadth, equalling the staminal-column in
length, subquadrate, truncate and somewhat indistinctly subdenticulate
at the top, with the apical angles produced on each side into a short
spreading tooth, also having two keels and a minute tooth below the
apex on the inner face, a transverse fleshy ridge at their base on the
back, glabrous. Staminal-column | lin. long ; anther-appendages
nearly circular, inflexed over the truncate and minutely papillose apex
of the style.— K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 425, and in Engl.
Jahrb. xxviii. 455.

IWozaxnb. Bist. German East Africa : Uhebe ; Uchnngwe Mountain, at the
Kuaha River near Succa, 5500 ft., Goetze, 644. British Central Africa : Urungu;
Fwambo, Carson, 17 !

2. S. abyssinicum, K. Schum. in Engl, cb Prantl^ Pfianzenfam.
iv. ii. 233. Stem 4-5 ft. high, rather slender, sparingly branched,
pubescent. Leaves lJ-3 lin. long, \-\ lin. broad, linear-filiform, acute^
erect, very sparsely and minutely pubescent, margins strongly revolute.
Umbels numerous, lateral, sessile, 15-20-flowered ; bracts lJ-2 lin. long,
subulate, pubescent ; pedicels 4-6 lin. long, slender, pubescent. Sepals
\ lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Corolla 3 lin. diam. ;
lobes 1-1 1^ lin. long, campanulately spreading, narrowly oblong, acute,
repUcate, subtomentose on both sides, with acute hairs and with a tuft
of long white hairs at the apex. Coronal-lobes arising \ lin. above the
base of the staminal-column, | lin. long, subquadrate, abruptly contracted
into an acuminate point curved over the tips of the anthers with two
keels on the face decurrent from the point, each having a minute auricle
or pocket on the outer side. — Lagarinthus abyssinicus, Hochst. ex Benth.
in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 753.

irile ]tand. Abyssinia : Sana : mountains near Docbli, Schimper, 1633 !
Readily distinguished from S. ajigustissimiim, K. Schum,, and S. Whytei by its
longer pedicels, and by the body of the coronal-lobe being produced into an acute

Schizoglossum.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 357

point at the apex, whilst in S. angvstissimum and S. Whyiei the keels are
produced into the point or points, the hody itself being obtuse behind the base of
the point.

3. S. angustissimum, A^ Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 123.
Stems 3-4 ft. high, branched above, piiberulous. Leaves sessile,
J-2J in. long, J-1 lin. broad, linear, with strongly revolute margins,
puberulous. Umbels numerous, sessile, lateral at the nodes,
6-l()-fiowered ; pedicels IJ lin. long, slender, puberulous. Sepals 1 lin.
long, lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous. Corolla rotate, lobed nearly to
the base; lobes IJ-lf lin. long, J to scarcely § lin. broad, oblong-
lanceolate or linear-oblong, acute, pubescent on the back, villous within
on the apical part and margins with long white woolly hairs and thinly
covered on the central part with minute very often obtuse papilla-like
hairs, hardly distinguishable by the eye. Coronal-lobes arising \ lin.
above the base of the staminal-column and twice as long as it, |-1 lin.
long (including the horn) subquadrate, very obtuse and variously crenu-
late at the apex, with a linear-subulate horn arising just below the
apex on the inner face and 2 keels decurrent from it, sometimes the
horn is more or less deeply bifid or trijSd. Staminal-column \ lin. long,
not dilated at the base of the anthers ; anther- appendages ovate, obtuse,
inflexed over the truncate apex of the style. — K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl.
Ost-Afr. C. 321 ; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 233 ;
Durand k Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 192. S. elaUim^ K. Schum. in
Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 123; in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 233;
and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 321.

Wile Iiand. Niamniam : Gumango Hill, SchvceinfurlTi, 3879 !

Soutb Central. Congo Free State: Monbuttu ; Kibali, SrAicpiw/ir/r/^, 3539 !
near Bongua, Schioeinfurth, 3720 !

Mozaznb. Bist. German East Africa : without precise locality, Fischer, 398
(ex Schumann). Briti^h Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands, Buchanan,
417!

I can find no character whereby to separate S. elatum from S. angusfissimum ;
the horn on the coronal-lobes is usually subulate, but occasionally it is bifid or even
trifid at the apex, a variation which also occurs in other species.

4. S. Whytei, X. E. Br. Stems apparently 3-1 ft. high, puberulous,
branching. Leaves l|-3 in. long, J-l lin. broad, linear, abruptly acute,
ascending, or erect, very revolute along the margins, nearly glabrous or
with a thin and very minute pubescence above, puberulous along ,the
midrib beneath. Umbels numerous, sessile, lateral at the nodes, many-
flowered ; pedicels IJ-lj lin. long, pubescent. Sepals 1-1 J lin. long,
J-Jlin. broad, lanceolate, acute, pubescent. Corolla 4-4 J lin. in diani.,
purple-brown, pubescent on the back and inner face with fine short
white acute hairs and bearded at the tips and along the margins of the
lobes with long woolly hairs ; lobes 2-2^ lin. long, nearly 1 lin. broad
when flattened out, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, ascending-
spreading, replicate throughout their length, incurved at the tips.
Coronal-lobes an^ng \ lin. above the base of the .staminal-column and

358 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (browx). [Schizoglossum.

twice as long as it, 1 lin. long, including the horn, erect, somewhat
elliptic- subquadrate, very obtuse and minutely crenulate at the apex,
with 2 keels and a subapical horn on the inner face ; horn subulate,
sometimes divided into 2 or 3, incurved over the staminal-column at
the base, then ascending. Staminal-column | lin. long, not dilated at
the base of the anthers; anther-appendages very broadly ovate or
suborbicular, obtuse, inflexed over the truncate apex of the style.

IWCozamb. I>lst> British Central Africa : Nyasaland : Kondowe to Karonga,
2000-6000 ft., Wki/te, 353 ! Masuku Plateau, Wht/te !

Very similar to S. angustissimum, K. Schum., but appears to be of a more
branching habit and has larger flowers, wl>ich are of a darker colour when dried, and
essentially differ from those of S. angustissimum in the character of the hairs on
the middle of the inner face of the corolla-lobes, these forming a visible pubescence
of fine acute hairs in S, Whytei, whilst in S. angustissimum they are scarcely
visible to the eye and when highly magnified are almost papilla-like and very
obtuse.

5. S. masaicum, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1805, 252. Stems
1J-2J ft. high, slender, scarcely 1 lin. thick at the base, usually
sparingly branched, pubescent. Leaves |-2J in. long, \-^ lin. broad,
erect, linear-filiform, acute, with very revolute margins, very thinly and
minutely pubescent or nearly or quite glabrous. Umbels several,
lateral at the nodes, sessile, several-flowered ; bracts f-1 J lin. long,
subulate, pubescent ; pedicels lJ-2 lin. long, slender, pubescent. Sepals
J-f lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, pubescent on the
back. Corolla rotate, 2-2J lin. in diam. ; lobes l-l\ lin. long, J lin.
broad, oblong, subacute, more or less reflexed along the margins, pubes-
cent on the back, thinly and minutely downy within, pale brown in the
dried state, but probably greenish when fresh. Coronal-lobes arising
at the base of the staminal-column, erect, |-| lin. long, subquadrate,
flat, subtruncate, broadly rounded, and slightly recurved or dorsally
projecting at the apex, with two divergent keels and a short horn
(sometimes bifid) on the inner face, the horn arising just below the
apex, ascending and incurved over the tips of the anthers.

JTlle I.and. British East Africa : Taita district ; Maungu, eOOO ft.
Johnston !

nf ozamb. Bista German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; below Marangu,
3200 ft., Volkens, 2155!

The Kilimanjaro plant was distributed from Berlin as Chlorophyium viridescenSj
Engl. The keels on the coronal-lobes are rather more divergent than in the type,
but I can find no other structural difference. The flowers have dried green, but this
is probably due to the use of the alcohol method.

6. S. strictissimiiin, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902, 254. Stem erect,
3-3 J ft. high, simple or with one branch, 1 J-lf lin. thick at the base,
softly downy. Leaves opposite, numerous, erect, standing close to the
stem, sessile or subsessile, linear, with revolute margins, abruptly acute,
minutely pubescent, varying from 2|-2| in. long on the lower part to
f-1^ in. long on the upper part of the stem, J-lJ lin. broad. Umbels
sessile at the nodes, few-flowered ; pedicels about J lin. long, pubes-

Schizoglossum.'] lxxxv. asclepiade.« (brown). 359

cent. Sepals 1 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, pubescent. Corolla
lobed nearly to the base, rotate, al^out '2h lin. in diam., thinly pubes-
cent outside, densely pilose-pubescent or almost woolly with white hairs
all over within ; lobes about i|: lin. long, '^ lin. broad, ovate or oblong-
ovate, subacute. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column
and slightly exceeding it, about h lin. high and § lin. broad, dorsally
flattened, transversely subrectangular, truncate and depressed at the
top, with an acuminate point subhorizontally inflexed over the tips of
the anthers, shortly 2-keeled on the inner face. Staminal-column
scarcely J lin. high. Follicles 3-3J in. long, tapering into a
beak, minutely pubescent. Seeds about 2}, lin. long, oblong-ovoid,
rugose.

IMCozamb Bist. Rhodesia : Buluwayo, Rand, 195 !

In tlie original description the coronal-lobes are stated to be " minutely
2-toothed within," these teeth I recognise :is the 2 keels which are present in most
species of this genus and have so described tliem above.

7. S. EUiotii, Schlechter inJourn. Bot. 1805, 305. Stem \},-'2 ft.
high, slender, slightly branched, minutely downy along two broad lines.
Leaves ascending, |-1 J in. long, \-h lin. broad, linear-filiform, acute,
strongly revolute along the margins, thinly pubescent. Umbels several,
lateral at the nodes, sessile, several-flowered; pedicels li-2 lin. long,
puberulous. Sepals |-1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, thinly pubescent.
Corolla 2-2^ lin. in diam.; lobes lJ-1^ lin. long, f lin. broad, cam panu-
lately spreading (?), oblong, obtuse and minutely notched at the apex,
thinly pubescent on the back, minutely downy on the inner face, more
especially at the margins and tips. Coronal-lobes f lin. long, arising
slightly above the base of the staminal-column, erect, fleshy, dilated into
a rounded lobule on each side at the base, and there about f lin. broad,
linear-oblong and scarcely \ lin. broad in the upper half, convex on the
back, flat, with 2 parallel keels on the inner face, truncate at the apex,
from the inner margin of which a small thin, subquadrate or ovate,
bifid or acute appendage is horizontally produced over the backs of the
anther-appendages. Staminal-column J lin. long ; anthers erect, sub-
quadrate, their appendages broad transversely, very short, obtusely
rounded, inflexed over the rim of the truncate apex of the style, which
is marked with a depressed ring.— .S'. dehile, Schlechter in Journ. Bot.
1895, 305.

Wile land. Uganda: Buddn, Scott-Elliof, 7-471! and without locality or
number, Scott-Elliot !

I have examined the type specimens of S. EUiotii a,ul ^. dehile and ^n^i the
coronal-lobes alike in both, except that in one the appendage is more distinctly bihd,
but the Kew material demonstrates that this is a variable character.

8. S. erubescens, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 306. Stem
erect, U-2i ft. high, J-1 lin. thick, puberulous Leaves erect or
ascending, 1-21 in. long, l-l lin. broad, linear, with strongly revolute
margins, acute,>uberulous or minutely scaberulous. Umbels seyera ,
lateral, sessile, 3-5-flowered ; pedicels i-1 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals

360 Lxxxv. AscLEPiADE^ (brown). [Sckizoglossum.

|-1^ lin. long, ^ lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, puberu-
lous. Corolla rotate, 3 lin. in diam., glabrous outside, pubescent inside,
apparently purple-brown ; lobes 1^-1^ lin. long, §-| lin. broad, oblong-
ovate, acute. Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the staminal-
column and equalling it in length, J lin. long, excluding the teeth, and
about the same in breadth, subquadrate, 2-keeled down the face, trun-
cate and excavated at the apex, with two opposite divergent subulate
teeth J-J lin. long, one inflexed over the anther-tips, the other hori-
zontally directed outwards, or in some specimens the dorsal tooth
wanting and the inner tooth more or less bifid, so that the lobe is
then subquadiate with an acute or bifid inflexed apical tooth and a sort
of pocket on the back. Staminal-column ^ lin. long ; anther-appendages
reniform or suborbicular, very obtuse, incumbent on the truncate apex
of the style. Follicles about 2J in. long, \ in. thick, erect, fusiform,
acute, puberulous, solitary in the only example seen. Seeds 2 J lin. long,
]| lin. broad, ovate, flattened, somewhat concave on one side, margined,
rugose with radiating ridges, which are much reduced on the disk, dull
brown, crowned with a tuft of long white hairs.

XMEozaznb. I>ist. British Centrnl Africa: Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanje, -Sco^^-
JSlliot, 8671 ! Mount Zomba and vicinity, 2500-3800 ft., Whyte !

9. S. filipeSy Schlechter in Enyl. Jahrb. xx. Beibl. 51, 16. Stem
10-14 in. high, simple or slightly branched at the base, puberulous.
Leaves erect, linear or linear-filiform, acute, revolute along the margins,
thinly pilose. Umbels lateral, many-flowered ; pedicels filiform, unequal
in length, longer than the flowers, shortly pilose. Sepals 1 J lin. long,
lanceolate, acute, pilose. Corolla subrotate, greenish ; lobes 3^ lin.
long, narrowly ovate-oblong, obtuse, with revolute margins, outside
thinly pilose, puberulous within. Coronal-lobes longer than the
staminal-column, lanceolate, with the margins unequally toothed on
each side, furnished on the inner face with an appendage that is dilated
and lacerate-toothed at the apex.

BXozamb. Dist. Transvaal : Klipdam, 4600 ft., Feb., Schlechter, 4491 !
1 have included this plant, as the locality is so near to the Tropic of Capricorn
that it will almost certainly be found to occur within the tropic.

10. S. gwelense, /V. E.Br. Stem erect, 9-12 in. high, slender, simple,
puberulous, with internodes about J in. long. Leaves opposite, erect or
ascending^ subsessile, 1^-2;^ in. long, f-lj lin. broad, linear, acute,
glabrous above, minutely scaberulous along the revolute margins,
puberulous on the midrib beneath. Umbels several, sessile at the nodes,
2-5-flowered; bracts minute, subulate; pedicels 1-1 i lin. long, puberu-
lous. Sepals 1 lin. long, | lin. broad, oblong, acute, spreading, puberu-
lous on the back. Corolla 3J-4 lin. in diam., subrotate, green ; lobes
If lin. long, 1 lin. broad, oblong, subacute, spreading, thinly puberulous
on the back, more densely puberulous within. Coronal-lobes arising at
the base of the staminal-column and very much longer than it, ^\-'^^
lin. long, erect, broadly diamond-shaped, flat and f lin. broad at the
base, tapering into a long filiform point, incurved at the apex, faintly

Schizoglossum.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 361

keeled down the back, with 2 slight keels on the face, which are excur-
rent into an erect subulate process f-1 lin. long, glabrous. Staminal-
column I lin. long; anthers subrectangular, erect, their appendages
about J lin. long, broadly ovate, subacute, inflexed over the margin of
the truncate style-apex.

Mozamh. Dlst. Rhodesia: near Gwelo, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 131!
Salisbury, Rand^ 190 !

11. S. shirense, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1805, 25:1 Stems
2-3 ft. high, slender, simple. or rarely branched, bifariously pubescent.
Leaves subsessile or on petioles J-1 lin. long, erect, H-8 in. long, \-2
lin. broad, linear, acute, minutely pubescent, becoming glabrate \vith
age, revolute along the margins. Umbels lateral, sessile, :3-H-flowered ;
pedicels 1-2 lin. long, pubescent. Sepals 1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute,
pubescent. Corolla rotate ; lobes 2| lin. long, j lin. broad, oblong-
lanceolate, acute, more or less reflexed, glabrous on the back, pubescent
all over on the face, purple-brown. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of
the staminal-column, purple-brown ; basal part subquadrate, J lin. long,
1 lin. broad, with two keels on the face, 3-toothed at the apex ; lateral
teeth very short ; middle tooth prolonged into an erect recurving horn
1| hn. long, with a similar horn of about the same length arising at its
base in front of it.

nKozaxub. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Sbupaiiga, Kirk !
Brit sh Central Africa : Nyasaland : Sbire Valley, Kirk ! Waller !

Root bitter, used medicinally by tbe natives, as a stomachic and aphrodisiac {Kirk).

12. S. Baumiiy Schlechter MSS. Stem about 2 ft. high, solitary,
simple, slender, J-4 lin. thick at the base, puberulous down one side on
the flowering part, glabrous below. Leaves in several pairs, ascending
or erect, f-lf in. long, J-1 J lin. broad, filiform, acute, revolute along the
margins, glabrous. Umbels 5-8 to a stem, sessile, lateral at the nodes,
5-8-flowered ; pedicels 1 J lin. long, lengthening in fruit, puberulous.
Sepals 1 lin. long, ^ lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute, thinly adpressed,
pubescent on the back. Corolla rotate, lobed almost to the base, appa-
rently whitish or yellowish ; lobes lf-2 lin. long, J-1 lin. broad, lanceo-
late, acute, thin, slightly undulated along the margins, bearded at the
tips on the inner face with a few stiff erect hairs and with a few ad-
pressed hairs on the back, otherwise glabrous. Coronal-lobes arising
at the base of the staminal-column and much overtopping it, 1-1 i lin.
long including the horn, f lin. broad, subquadrate, truncate, with a
curved subulate simple or irregularly trifid horn arising near the top on
the inner face, from the base of which are decurrent the usual pair of
keels, but they are very faint in the dried state. Staminal-column \
lin. long.

Iiower Guinea. Angola: Amboella; near Kavnng.i on tlic Hiver Kubango,
3600 ft., Baum, 413 !

13. S. fuscopurpureum, Schlechter d- Rendle in Jouni. Bot.
1896, 98. Rootstock of 1 or more fleshy fusiform or small airrot-like

362 Lxxxv. AscLEPiADE^ (brown). [Schizoglcssum.

tubers. Stem about 1 ft. high, solitary, simple or with a branch in the
upper part, slender, puberulous down one side at least in the upper
part. Leaves in several pairs, ascending i-1 i in. long, linear-filiform,
thinly puberulous. Umbels G-8 to a stem, sessile, G-10-flowered ;
pedicels 1-1^- lin. long, filiform, puberulous. Sepals J lin. long, i-J
lin. broad, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous. Corolla
about If lin. in diam., lobed nearly to the base, rotate or rotate-cam-
panulate, dark purple-brown, thinly pubescent outside, glabrous within ;
lobes |-1 lin. long, h lin. broad, oblong, acute. Coronal-lobes arising
at the base of the staminal-column and about as long as it, J lin. long
and nearly as broad, subquadrate, ^^-toothed at the apex ; lateral teeth
(at the angles) minute ; middle tooth J-1- lin. long, subacute, inliexed
over the backs of the anthers. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. G83.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; scattered in ratlier dry, sandy, bushy
places near Huilla, Wehoitsch, 4tVll\

This has the habit of S. masaicum, N. E. 13r., but is dwarfer and more slender,

14. S. viriduluxn, K. Schnm. in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 455. Stems
12-15 in. high, erect, straight, at first simple then branching from one
axil of the leaf-pairs, subtomentose. Leaves shortly petiolate, |-2 in.
long, 2-3J lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, retuse or very shortly
apiculate, somewhat narrowed towards the base, somewhat crisped on
th^ margin, subcoriaceous, glabrous on both sides; petiole 1-1 J lin.
long, slightly pilose on the margins. Umbels sessile, with the flowers
somewhat congested ; pedicels 4-5 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals 2 lin.
long, liijear-subulate, glabrous. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base,
green, glabrous ; lobes about 2 lin. long, somewhat obliquely oblong.
Coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, about as long as the staminal-column, fleshy,
linear, triangularly enlarged at the apex, scarcely appendiculate below.
Anther-appendages cordate, obtuse.

nXozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Ukami ; South Uluguru, on the water-
shed between the Mgeta and Mbakana Rivers, Goetze, 336.

Said to be near S. tridentatum, K. Schum., a name I am unable to find
published, probably S. tridentatum, Schlechter, was intended.

1 5. S. barbatum, Britten d- Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot,
iv. 27. Stems several from a root, 6-12 in. high, minutely pubescent.
Leaves in about 4-5 pairs to a stem, 1-2 J in. long, |-2 lin. broad,
erect, sessile, linear, acute or subacute, more or less narrowed at the
base, glabrous, with the revolute margins and the midrib puberulous
or minutely scaberulous beneath. Umbels 2-6 to a stem, terminal
and lateral at the upper nodes, occasionally in pairs, sessile or pedun-
culate, 4-10-flowered; peduncles 0-3J lin. long, slender, minutely
pubescent ; bracts J-1 lin. long, filiform ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long, minutely
pubescent. Sepals IJlin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, minutely pubes-
cent. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, rotate or moreor less reflexed ;
lobes l|-2 lin. long, 1 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subobtuse, almost
glabrous on the back, puberulous on the face, purple-brown. Coronal-
lobes very variable, each consisting of a flattened subquadrate body

Schizofflossum.] Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). 363

h lin. long and | lin. broad, convexly keeled down the back, with two
keels on the face, abruptly contracted into a very short point, which is
incumbent on the backs of the anthers, or into a subulate point ;■; lin.
long which is erect and then strongly recurved at the apex, or into a
subulate horn 1-1 J lin. long, which is incurved at the base over the backs
of the anthers, then abruptly recurved and horizontally spreading.
Staminal-column | lin. long ; anther-appendages orbicular, intiexed
over the truncate apex of the style.

IMEozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanji, Whyle,
33! 82! 103! 116! JfcC/oMw/e .' Mount Zomba, 40CO-6000 ft., W-V/^e .' Mount
Malosa, 4000-6000 It., Whyle !

16. S, Nyasae, Britten d- Bendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, lid.
iv. 2G. Stems 4-5 ft. high, simple, stout, -J in. thick at the base,
pubescent, leafy. Leaves erect or ascending, ^-4 in a whorl, subsessile
or with very short petioles, l:j-2J in. long, 3-8 lin. broad, oblong or
oblanceolate, acute or subacute, rounded or gradually tapering at the
base, glabrous on both sides, glaucous beneath, revolule at the mar-
gins. Umbels numerous, lateral, sessile or occasionally the lower
pedunculate, 5-10- or more- flowered ; pedicels 4-G lin. long, puberulous.
Sepals 2 J-3 lin. long, attenuate-acuminate from a | lin. broad base, gla-
brous or nearly so, with ciliolate margins. Corolla rotate, 6-8 lin. in
diam.; lobes 3-4 lin. long, subreflexed, lanceolate, acute, replicate, glabrous
on the back, minutely downy on the face, dull brown 'in the dried state,
with pale membranous or subcartilaginous margins. Coronal-lobes
arising from the base of the staminal-column and much longer than
it; basal part IJ-lJ lin. long, IJ lin. broad, flattish, subquadrate,
3-toothed at the apex ; lateral teeth short, curved ; middle tooth or
horn |-3 lin. long, deltoid, acute, subulate or filiform, inner face of the
lobe with two keels, produced at their apex into subulate or filiform
erect horns J-2J lin. long. Staminal-column f-lj lin. long. Anther-
appendages suborbicular, incumbent on the truncate apex of the style.
— K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 322 ; Schlechter in Journ. Bot.
1895, 307. S. midtifolium, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 253.

XMCozamb. Blat. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; ^liire Hiphlands, in
stony places, Buchanan, 390! Mount Mlanji, Whi/te / Scott-Elliot, bm<o\ (not
8666 as quoted in Journ. Bot.), Namasi, Cameron, 12 ! and without precise locality,
Buchanan, 965 !

The central tooth and the processes on the face of the coronal -lobes vary
exceedingly in length in different specimens, but I find no other distinction. '1 he
shortest measurements given belong to the type (Whyte's specimen), the longest are
from Buchauiin's specimen, whilst that collected by Scott- Elliot is interniedi.ite
between the two in the length of these organs. The flowers have a pleasant od»)ur»
according to Buchanan.

17. S. aciculare, X. E. Br. Plant probably dwarf, branching.
Stems (in the specimens seen) 2-3 in. long, pubescent with minute
white curved hairs, as is also all the rest of the plant except the
corolla. Leaves J- J in. apart, subsessile or very shortly petiolaU%

364 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [ScMzoglossum.

1J-2J in. long, 1-2 lin. broad, linear, acute, more thinly pubescent
than the rest of the plant, nearly glabrous beneath. Umbels several,
lateral at the nodes, pedunculate, 7-10-flowered ; peduncles 5-6 lin.
long; pedicels l-l^ lin. long. Sepals I J lin. long, J-| lin. broad,
ovate-lanceolate, acute. Corolla 5-lobed almost to the base ; lobes erect
with recurving tips, 2 J lin. long, scarcely 1 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute,
concave in the lower part, somewhat thickened and very minutely
papillate-puberulous on the inner face of the recurved apical half,
elsewhere quite glabrous. Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the
staminal-column, erect, 2Jlin. long; basal third ^ lin. broad, spathulate-
subcordate, with the auricles inflexed and forming a minute tooth on
each side of the inner face, above them the lobe is transversely thickened
into a ridge ; upper J subulate. Staminal-column IJ-l J lin. long ;
anther-appendages half as long as the entire column, much exceeding
the style, J lin. broad, ovate, acuminate, connivent-erect, white. Apex
of style J lin. long, conical, minutely bilobed.

nXozamb. Dist. Britisli Central Africa : Ngamilandj near Kwehe, Li( jar d,
82!

This lias also been collected in the Orange River Colony.

The produced, conical iipex of the style, surrounded by the long anther-
appendages, are well marked peculiarities of this species.

18. S. alpestre, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxx. 384. Stems
several from a thickened rootstock, 2-4 in. long, with two puberulous
lines. Leaves 1-2 in. long, \-l\ lin. broad, linear, acute, narrowed
into a very short petiole at the base, glabrous. Umbels 2-4 to a stem,
3-12-flowered; peduncles f-11 in. long, puberulous down one side;
bracts small, linear, or filiform ; pedicels 4-5 lin. long, puberulous.
Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous. Corolla very
deeply divided, apparently pale greenish or greenish-white with purplish
tips to the lobes on both sides, quite glabrous; lobes 2-2J lin. long,
1^-1 J lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, subacute. Coronal-lobes arising at the
base of the staminal-column and twice as long as it, 2 lin. long, radiately
ascending, apparently yellowish in the lower part, purple-brown above,
very stoutly subulate, gijadually tapering from the thick fleshy base
(which is I lin. broad and J lin. thick) to a very acute point, furnished
on the inner face J lin. above the base with a fleshy acute tooth, nearly
horizontally projecting over the top of the staminal-column and style.
Staminal-column J lin. long, not dilated at the base ; anther-appendages
broadly ovate, acute, inflexed over the truncate apex of the style.

nXozamb. I>ist. German East Africa : on Yawuaege Mountain, in the Kinga
Range, 8200 ft., Goetze, 1234!

The very stout, almo-st conical-subulate coronal lobes, readily distinguish this
from all the other species.

19. S. angolense, Schlechter d: Rendle in Jouryi. Bot. 1896, 98.
Rootstock a small carrot-like tuber. Plant about 3 in. high, branched,
very leafy; branches 1-1 1 in. long, §-f lin. thick, with 1 or more

SchizoglossumJ] Lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 365

puberulous lines ; internodes 1 J-3 lin. long. Leaves opposite or ;j in a
whorl, sessile, spreading, f-l| in. long, J-i lin. broad, linear, acute,
narrowly re volute along the margins, glabrous. Umbels 4-0 to a
branch, 5-7-flowered, pedunculate, lateral and terminal; peduncles
4-9 lin. long, minutely puberulous down one side ; bracts minute,
subulate ; pedicels 1-1 1 lin. long, becoming '^-^h lin. long in fruit,
minutely puberulous down one side. Sepals J lin^ long, \ lin. broad,
oblong-ovate, acute, glabrous. Corolla about 2\ lin. in diam., quite
glabrous, greenish ; lobes somewhat spreading, 1 lin. long, ^ lin. broad,
oblong, obtuse and minutely notched at the apex. Coronal-fobes arising
close to the base of the staminal-column and as long as it, h lin. Ion",
I lin. broad, fleshy, erect or ascending, ovate, obtuse, convex on the
back, flat, with 2 parallel keels on the face, but without a tooth or other
process. Staminal-column J lin. long ; anthers erect, subquadrate-
oblong ; their appendages ovate, acute, inflexed over the truncate apex
of the style ; anther-wings with straight margins, not at all projecting.
— Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. G83.

liower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; in pastures thinly covered with bushes,
near Lopollo, Welwitsch^ 4173 !

This is much like Xysmalohium gramineum, S. Moore, in general appearance,
but differs entirely in floral structure, see note under that species on p. 303.

20. S. Welwitschii, N. E. Br. Tuber about | in. in diam.,
tapering downwards. Stems G-10 in. high, slender, solitary, glabrous,
leafy above, and with 8-4 distant pairs of rudimentary leaves below.
Leaves spreading, 2-3 in. long, J lin. broad, linear, mucronate-acute,
with revolute margins, glabrous. Umbels lateral, 4-G-flowered, on
glabrous peduncles 5-9 lin. long ; pedicels 2-2h lin. long, glabrous ;
bracts none or minute. Sepals 1-1^ lin. long, lanceolate, acute, gla-
brous. Corolla broadly campanulate, 5-lobed nearly to the ba.se : lobes
^ in. long, Ih, lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, apiculate, concave, glabrous on
both sides. Corona arising at the base of the li lin. long staminal-
column and not reaching to the base of the anthers, § lin. long, shortly
annular at its base, divided into 5 transversely oblong truncate lobes,
with the sides incurved at the apex, and with an oblong or tongue-
shaped process on the inner face at the middle, slightly longer than the
rest of the lobe. Anther-appendages small, ovate, acute, intlexed over
the apex of the style. — Odontostelma Welwitschii, Rendle in Journ.
Bot. 1894, IGl, t. 844 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. G88.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; in pastures thinly covered with bushe3
near Lopollo, Welwitsch, 4172 !

I cannot retain this plant as a distinct genus; the characters claimed for it by
Dr. Kendle are, an imbricate estivation, and coronal-lobes connate at their base and
shorter than the staminal-column. It is contrasted with Xysmalohiuin, but that
genus has also an imbricate (rarely valvate) estivation, and in soma sjiecics (A'.
rhomhoideum, X. memhraniferiim, &c.) the coronal-lobes are more or less connate at
the base, and are shorter than the staminal-column in several species. In habit au«l
estivation it agrees with species of Asclepias, Xi/smalofyimn, ami ^c/ii:o'/lo\st(in. The

36G Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (brown). [Schizoglossum.

coronal-lobes are those of a typical Schizoglossum reduced, their union at the base
and shortness are of no generic importance. On account of the dorsal flattening of
the coronal-lobes 1 place the plant under Schizoglossum.

21. S. Carsoni, A". U. Br. Stems simple, 1-2 ft. high, glabrous,
with one piiberulous line. Leaves in 4-8 distant pairs, widely spread-
ing, the upper incurved through the arc of a semicircle, sessile or
subsessile, 8-G in. long, 1-1 J lin. broad, linear, acute, narrowed at the
base, with flat margins, glabrous. Umbels lateral and terminal, pedun-
culate, 3-G-flowered ; peduncles and pedicels of equal length, 4-6 lin.
long, both pubescent down the inner side ; bracts 1 lin. long, subulate,
deciduous. Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla
10-11 lin. in diam., campanulate, 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 5-0
lin. long, 3-4 lin. broad, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, densely
speckled and stained down the central area, with dark purple- brown on
an ochreous ground. Coronal-lobes arising J-1 lin. above the base of
the staminal-column and overtopping it by J of their length, 2^-2^ lin.
long, 1-lJ lin. broad, erect, oblong, rather thin and flat, with incurved
margins and a bluntly pointed denticulate or bidentate apex incurved
over the anthers, neither keeled nor toothed on the face, apparently
yellowish or whitish. Staminal-column 2-2J lin. long ; anther-append-
ages rather large, broadly ovate, obtuse, inflexed over the top of the
staminal-column. Follicles (immature) 3 in. or more long, J in. thick
at the middle, fusiform, tapering into an acute beak. — Asclepias masho-
neiisis, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 356. Xysmalohium Carsoni,
N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 250.

nf ozaxnb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Fife Station on the
Tanganyika Plateau, Carson! Mount Malosa, 4000-6000 ft, Whyte ! Mount
Mlanje, 4500 ft., Furves, 87 ! Rhodesia : between Umtali and Salisbury, Jlon. Mrs.
JEvelyn Cecil, 48 ! Selukwe, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, 48a ! Fort Salisbury,
J'oUiott -Darling.

22. S. chlorojodinum, i\^. E. Br. Stem solitary, 6-10 in. hig^h,
simple, puberulous along one side. Leaves 2-4 in. long, 1-lf lin.
broad, linear, acute, tapering into a short petiole at the base, slightly
margined, glabrous on both sides. Umbels pedunculate, 2-4 to a stem;
peduncles J— | in. long, puberulous ; bracts small ; pedicels 3J lin. long
in the specimen seen (6-7 lin. ex Schuman7i), puberulous down one side.
Sepals spreading, 2J lin. long in the specimen seen (J in. long ex Schu-
mann)^ \ lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla cam-
panulate, very deeply lobed, yellowish-green, tipped with purplish-
brown, glabrous ; lobes ascending, recurved at the tips, 6-7 lin. long in
the specimen seen (J in. ex Schumann), 4-4J lin. broad, elliptic-oblong,
minutely notched at the obtuse apex. Coronal-lobes arising 1 lin. above
the base of the staminal-column and much overtopping it, 3 lin. long,
1 lin. broad, erect, with the tips very much incurved and concealing the
staminal-column and style from view from above, dorsally flattened, thin,
linear-oblong, obtuse, minutely denticulate or subentire at the apex.

Schizoglossum.] lxxxv. AscLEPiADEit: (brown). p,67

narrowly incurved along the margins, j^ellowish-white. Staminal-
column 2f lin. long, contracted below the anthers; anther-appendages

broadly ovate, acute, inflexed over the truncate apex of the style.

Gomphocarjyus chlorojodina, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. MH3.

XMEozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Unyika ; Mpesu Mountain, in
Umalila district, 6500 ft., Ooetze, 1360 !.

This is so much like S. Carsoni, N. E. Hr., except in the colour of its Howers,
that I am very doubtful if it be anything more than a colour variety of that si)ec-ie8,
it appears, however, to be a dwarfer plant according to description, for I have only
seen a leaf and 3 flowers of it.

23. S. lividiflorum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 454. Stem
slender, terete, glabrous, 6-8 in. high. Leaves sessile, 1 J-f) in. long,
J-2 lin. broad, linear, attenuate-acuminate, narrowed towards the base
where, at least, they are complicate or convex, subcoriaceous. Umbels
terminal, pedunculate, 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; peduncle
1-1| in. long, puberulous; pedicels 4-G lin. long, puberulous. Sepals
2-2^ lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla large, rotate, o-lobed
nearly to the base, yellowish-green, suffused with violet ; lobes 8-J) lin.
long, oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Coronal-lobes overtopping the staminal-
column, oblong, 3-toothed at the apex, and with a marginal incurved
tooth near the base. Anther -appendages |-1 lin. long. Style apex
depressed at the centre.

Mozamb. I>ist. German East Africa: Uhehe; on tlie Matanana Plateau,
5900 ft., Goetze, 741.

I have not seen this plant. Is it distinct from S. Carsoni, X. E. Br. ?

24. S. spurium, X. E. Br. Stems 2-4 ft. high, stout, simple,
pubescent with short spreading hairs, as are also both sides of the
leaves, the peduncles, bracts, pedicels and calyx. Leaves somewhat
spreading; petiole 2-4 lin. long; blade 2-3J in. long, 1-H in. broad,
elongate-ovate, subobtuse, rounded to subcordate at the base. Umbels
few, lateral and terminal, pedunculate, 5-6-fiowered ; peduncles IJ-H
in. long; bracts 3-3| lin. long, subulate.; pedicels 1)-10 lin. long.
Sepals 3-3J lin. long, l|-2 lin. broad, ovate, acute, pubescent, ciliate.
Corolla about 1 in. in diam., campanulate ; lobes 8-0 lin. long, 3^-4
lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subacute, pubescent on the back. Coronal-
lobes arising from the base of the staminal-coluinn and twice as long,
erect, J in. long, 2|-3 lin. broad at the apex, flat, cuneately oblong,
slightly keeled down the back, irregularly 3-4-toothed or subtruncjite
at the dilated apex, the middle tooth usually mucroniform. Anther-
appendages ovate, subobtuse, membranous, inflexed over the apex of
the style. — Xysmalobium spuriuni, N. E. 13r. in Kew Bulletin, \x\Ki,
251.

Mozamb. Bist. British Central Afr'.ca : Nyasdand; Shire Hi^rhlands mro,
Buchanan, 451 !

25. S. dolichoglossum, A\ E. Br, Stems up to 3 ft. high, erect,
simple, softly tomentose. Leaves shoitly petiolate ; petiole 2j 4 lin.

368 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Schizoglos8v,m,

long, channelled above, puberulous ; blade ^J-3J in. long, f-1 J in.
broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or apiculate, cordate at the base,
puberulous-scabrid on both sides. Umbels lateral at the nodes, pedun-
culate, few-flowered ; peduncles 12-14 lin. lon^, flattened, puberulous;.
pedicels 7-8J lin. long, rather stout, puberulous. Sepals ^ in. long,
ovate, acute, minutely puberulous. Corolla large, very deeply 5-lobed,
white, outside clear violet ; lobes incurved, about | in. long, oblong,
obtuse, pubescent on the back. Coronal-lobes | in. long, arising lJ-2
lin. above the base of the staminal-column, spathulate, acute. Stami-
nal-column 4-4-J lin. long ; anthers much hardened, concave, with obtuse
appendages. Style-apex depressed. — Xysmalohium dolichoglossum, K.
Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 456.

nCozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Uliehe ; Uchungwe Mountain, 5000 ft.,
Ooetze, 638.

2G. S. firmum, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 252. All parts
tomentose, except the corolla. Stems &tout, probably 3-4 ft. high.
Leaves spreading; petiole 1-2J lin. long; blade 2J-3 in. (or more ?)
long, ^-1 in. broad, elongate ovate-oblong, subobtuse, apiculate, cordate
at the base. Umbels numerous, lateral, pedunculate, 10-20-flowered ;
peduncles stout, |-1 J in. long ; bracts 3-4 lin. long, linear or subulate ;
pedicels 4-G lin. long, moderately stout. Sepals 2J-3 lin. long, lan-
ceolate, acuminate. Corolla 5 lin. in expanse, very pale violaceous ;
lobes campanulately spreading, 2 J lin. long, If lin. broad, ovate, sub-
obtuse and minutely bifid at the apex, pubescent on the back. Coronal-
lobes arising close to the base of the staminal-column and twice as
long, 3 lin. long, broadly oblong or elliptic-oblong and concave (or
flat ? ) in the erect basal half, then abruptly contracted into a subulate
terminal horn, which is incurved over the staminal-column ; at the
middle of the inner face of the basal part are two broadly triangular
flap-like keels, infolded so that their edges meet and form a sort of
pocket. Anther-appendages reniform, obtuse, inflexed over the apex
of the style. — Asclepias Jirma, Schlechter ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL
Welw. i. 684.

Kower Guinea. Angola : Huilla • in damp thickets near LopoHo, Welwitsch,
4191 !

27. S. petherickianum, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 109, t.
lis, Jig. B. Stem moderately stout, shortly villous. Leaves spreading
or ascending ; petiole 1 J-2 lin. long ; blade 1^-2;^ in. long, 5-9 lin.
broad, oblong or elongate ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacute, broadly
rounded at the base, or perhaps sometimes emarginate, scaberulous-
pubescent on both sides. Umbels several, lateral at the nodes, sessile,
10-15-flowered; pedicels 4-7 lin. long, shortly hairy. Sepals 2J lin.
long, lanceolate, acute, shortly hairy. Corolla about J in. in diara. ;
lobes campanulately spreading, 2-2J lin. long, 1 lin. broad, oblong,
subobtuse, shortly hairy on the back. Coronal-lobes arising at the
base of the staminal-column and about J longer, l|-2 lin. long, 1 lin.

Schizoylossum.] lxxxv. asclepiade.*: (brown). 3Gl>

broad, dorsally flattened, oblong, entire or obtusely toothed at the sub-
truncate apex, furnished on the inner face with 2 wing-like keels or
flaps infolded so that their edges meet, reaching to § of the way up oi-
beyond, broadest at the apex, which ends in a short obtuse tooth.
Staminal-column l^-l^ lin. long; anther-appendages ovate, acute,
their tips inflexed over the edge of the crater-like apex of the style,
much below which the pollen-carriers are seated. — K. Schum. in Encrl.
<fc Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iv. ii. 23o. Asclepias peth^rickiana, Schlechter
in Journ. Bot. 1895, 336.

Nile Xiand. White Nile : Nyangara (Neancrar.i), Petherick ! Ug.ind:i :
Kavirondo, Samia, 4000 ft., /S'co^^-.E'^^io^, 7130 ! Buddu; on a dry plateau Scott-
Elliot, 74i7l

28. S. simulans, JV. E.Br. Stem probably tall, moderately stout,
somewhat harshly villous, but not densely so. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 0-3 lin. long, stout, hairy; blade 2J-4 in. long, 7-10 lin. broa«(,
oblong, slightly tapering upwards, acute, base cordate or emarginate,
both sides clothed with short spreading hairs, more densely so belov%
slightly harsh to the touch. Umbels 2-7, lateral and terminal, pedun-
culate, 5-12-flowered ; peduncles J-1 in. long, moderately stout,
villous ; bracts 5-8 lin. long, §-1 J lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceo
late, acute, villous, ciliate, persistent ; pedicels 5-G lin. long, moderately
stout, villous. Sepals 5-5J lin. long, ^^-2 lin. broad, linear-oblong (a-
lanceolate, acute, villous on the back and at the apex within. Corolla
5-lobed almost to the base ; lobes campanulately spreading, 5-5i lin.
long, 21-2 J lin. broad, oblong, subacute and minutely emarginate at
the apex, thinly villous on the back, glabrous within, apparently white.
Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column and equalling
or very slightly exceeding it, erect, 2J-2J lin. long, '2-2^ lin. broad at
the base, 1 J-1 J lin. broad at the apex, fleshy, pandurate ; basal part
with broadly rounded subauriculate sides ; apical part cuneately sub-
quadrate or transversely widened, subtruncate or obscurely trilobulate ;
inner face with a stout fleshy erect tooth, arising at the middle and not
nearly reaching to the apex, decurrent in two keels to its base.
Staminal-column 2J-2J lin. long ; anther-appendages ovate, acute,
inflexed over the rim of the crater-like apex of the style ; anther-wings
barely 1 lin. long, flattish or the margins slightly incurved, not at all
projecting, narrowly oblong ; pollen-carriers erect, seated below the
level of the rim of the style. Follicles solitary, erect, but at light
angles to the pedicels, 3-3 j in. long, about 1 in. in diam., lanceolate,
obtuse, 4-winged, rather coriaceous, glabrous.

nXozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : N^asaland ; on the Nyika riatoau.
6000-7000 ft., Whyte, 108 ! 129 !

This plant, S. eximium, N. E. Br., S. di.sfinctum, N. E. Br„ are all very siinilMr
in general appearance, and may easily he confused. They have the general apj>onr-
ance of an Asclepias, and the dorsally flattened coronal-lolics of a Schizoglos.fuw,
whilst in havinof the pollen-carriers placed below the level of the apex of the st_\lo
they agree with the genus Margaretta, under which genr.s I originally placed >'.
distinctum.

370 Lxxxv. ASCLEPIADE.E (brown). [Schizoglossum.

20. S. Grantii, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 109, t. 74.
Stem 2 ft. or more high, simple, moderately stout, shortly hairy.
Leaves spreading; petiole \\-2 lin.long; blade l|-^2 i"- ^^"g' f-^i i"-
broad, elongate-ovate, acute or subacute, cordate or subcordate at the
base, shortly and rather harshly hairy on both sides. Umbels several,
lateral at the nodes, pedunculate, 7-10-flowered ; peduncles J-1 in.
long, shortly hairy ; pedicels 4-G lin. long, shortly hairy. Sepals ?)h
lin. long, 1 J-IJ lin. broad, shortly hairy and ciliate. Corolla about J
in. ill diam., white; lobes campanulately spreading, 4 lin. long, 2] lin.
broad, ovate-oblong, pubescent on the back. Coronal-lobes arising
from the base of the staminal-column and overtopping it by half their
length, ?^l lin. long, 1| lin. broad, dorsally flattened, oblong or cuneate-
oblong, obtuse or slightly and irregularly crenately toothed at the apex,
with '2 wing-like keels or flaps on the inner face, infolded so that their
edges meet, reaching to rather more than half-way up, broadest at their
obtuse apices. Staminal-column IJ-lf lin. long; anther-appendages
ovate, acute, their tips inflexed over the margin of the crater-like apex
of the style, much below which the pollen-carriers are seated.— K.
Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 124 ; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 321 ; and
in Engl, k, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 233. Gomphocarpus Grantii,
Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 2G9. Asclepias Grantii, Schlecliter in
Journ. Bot, 1895, 335.

IMCozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Karagwe ; on hills, SpeJce <^ Grant,
216 ! Sluhlmann, 1652, 1659a, and Karatschonjo, Fischer, 390 (ex Schumann).

30. S. eximium, N. E. Br. Stem probably tall, moderately stout,
villous. Leaves spreading; petiole 1-2 lin. long; blade lf-2J in. long,
|-1J in. broad, oblong-ovate, acute, cordate at the base, both sides
somewhat harshly villous, the hairs being usually shorter and denser
along the margins. Umbels several, lateral and terminal, pedunculate,
()-10-flowered ; peduncles 1-2^ in. long, villous; bracts none, or very
caducous ; pedicels 6-8 lin. long, villous. Sepals 4-5 lin. long,
2i--3 lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, acute or subcuspi-
date-acuminate, villous on the back. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the
base, white; lobes campanulately spreading, 7-8 lin. long, 3-3-J lin.
broad, oblong, obtuse and minutely emarginate at the apex, glabrous
on both sides, not ciliate. Coronal-lobes arising at the apex of the
staminal-column and twice as long, violet-purple or dark purple-
brown, ascending or erect, 5 lin. long, lj-l| lin. broad, pandu rate-
lanceolate or pandurate-oblong, slightly constricted below the middle
and again at the base, obtuse, subacute or abruptly and obtusely
cuspidate at the apex, bearing on the face slightly below the middle
a fleshy erect acute or slightly bilobulate tongue-shaped process 1 lin.
long, channelled in the lower part from its margins being infolded
and decurrent as two diverging keels to near the base of the lobe.
Staminal-column 2 J lin. long ; anther-appendages ovate', acute, with
their tips abruptly inflexed over the rim of the crater- like apex of
the style; anther-wings 1 J lin. long, narrowly triangular, projecting;

Schizoglossum.] lxxxv. asclepiade.« (hrown). 371

pollen-carriers erect, seated below the level of the rim of tlie style. —
Asclepias exiniia, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, ojjy.

Wile Iiand. Uganda : Kuwenzori ; Torn district at Virungo, Scotl-HUiot,
7627 !

Closely allied to S. simulans and S. disUnctum, N. K. Hr., which see.

31. S. Goetzei, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 4.jr). Stems
erect, up to 3 ft. high, pubescent or tomentose. Leaves shortly petio-
late ; petiole IJ-^J lin. long, channelled above, puberulous ; blade
2J-4 in. long, J-l| in. broad, linear-oblong or ovate-oblong, acute,
cordate at the base, puberulous on both sides, scaberulous near the
margin, with 18-20 parallel lateral veins. Umbels lateral at the
nodes, pedunculate, many-flowered ; peduncle 1-1 J in. long, piibe.scent
or tomentose ; pedicels 4J-7 lin. long, tomentose. Sepals Ah lin. long,
ovate-oblong, acuminate, puberulous. Corolla rotate, r)-).obed nearly to
the base ; lobes 5^ lin. long, elliptic, acute, (I lin. long, white, suffused
with reddish at the tips. Coronal-lobes arising about | lin. above the
base of the staminal-column and overtopping it, 2 lin. long, ovate,
truncate at the apex, with a triangular appendage on the inner face.
Staminal-column 1| lin. long, stipitate. Apex of the style depressed.
Follicles 3i^-4J in. long, 2-2J- in. in diameter.

Mozamb. I>lst< German East Africa: Uhehe ; Kipnndi Mountains, G2uO ft.,
674; Iringa, near Gnmbird, 5200 /t., Goetze,lOQ.

32. S. distinctum^ N. E. Br. All parts except the inside of the
flowers clothed with short spreading hairs. Leaves spreadin<j ; petiole
very short; blade 2-4 (or more) in. long, 5-9 (or more) lin. bi-oad,
narrowly oblong or lanceolate-oblong, •subobtuse, cordate at the ba^e,
subvillous- on both sides. Umbels lateral and terminal, pedunculate,
6-10-flowered ; peduncles 1-2 in. long; bracts 4-0 lin. long, .UA lin.
broad, linear, obtuse ; pedicels 6-8 lin. long. Sepals 3i-4 lin. long,
1-1-^ lin. broad, lanceolate, acute or acuminate. Corolla about 1 in. in
diam., 5-lobed nearly to the base, apparently white ; lobes campanu-
lately spreading, 5 lin. long, 2J-3 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subobtuse.
Coronal-lobes arising close to the base of the staminal-column, and
twice as long, erect, 3 lin. long, flattened, dilated at the ba.^e into
an obtuse triangular auricle on each side, more or less const iicte<l at
the middle, then more or less widening out into a cuneate-oblong blade,
subtridentate or irregularly and obtusely toothed at the apex, with a
pair of contiguous collateral deltoid obtuse teeth on the face at the base
of the constriction. Staminal-column l|-2 lin. long; anther-appendages
erect, ovate-lanceolate, acute, undulated on the margins, about reaching
to the top of the style, which is rather stout, conical, with ."»-(; obtuse
contiguous obtuse lobules connivent over a cavity at the apex.— J/«r-
(jaretta distincta, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 255.

Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Monntains east of Lake Nvasa,
Johnson !

372 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (browx). [Schizoglossum.

The material of this species consists of a few inches of the apical part
of the plant, whicli probably attains a height of 1-2 or more ft., with larger
leaves tlian those described. I originally placed it in the genus Margaretta on
account of tlie position of the pollen-carriers and very similar structure of the
corona, but its rehitionship to S. exiinium, N. E. Br., and S. simula^is, N. K, Br.,
is so undoubted that I place it in Schizoglossum. The flowers are not very good
and when I first described them, I thought the basal auricles were infiexed as
in Margaretta, but on re-e.\amination 1 believe them to be spreading, and the supposed
single tooth on the face certainly consists of two clinging together.

33. S. scyphostigma, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxx. 384. Stem
erect, IJ-o ft. high, 1-1 i lin. thick at the base, simple, puberulous,
especially below the nodes, at length glabrous. Leaves petiolate ; petiole
about 2 lin. long, channelled above, pubescent; blade 1~3| in. long,
3-i._9i lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base, sub-
adpressed pubescent on both sides, scabrous on the margins, concolorous.
Umbel terminal, " increased by a solitary lateral umbel," pedunculate,
8-12-flowered ; peduncle 7-9 lin. long, pubescent; pedicels 4J-7 lin.
long, pubescent. Sepals 3-oJ lin. long, \\ lin. broad, lanceolate, acute.
Corolla white, pubescent outside ; lobes 5-5-i- lin. long, 3 lin. broad,
campanulately-spreading, elliptic-oblong, obtuse and minutely notched
at the apex. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the staminal-column
and about twice as long, somewhat spreading, 4-4^^ lin. long, dilated
into an obtuse triangular auricle on each side at the base and there 2
lin. broad, with a pair of contiguous deltoid or subquadrate teeth on the
face, linear and about 1 lin. broad above, obtuse and entire or slightly
2-3-denticulate at the apex, apparently white. Staminal-column 2 lin.
long, not widened at their base; anthers oblong, their appendages
1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, erect, applied to the sides of the apical
part of the style, which is dilated into a pentagonal crater-like apex,
with a channel at each angle ; pollen-carriers seated about j lin. below
the apex of the style.

AXozaznl}. I>ist. German East Africa : on Yawulanda Mountain in the
Livingstone Range, 5900 ft., Goetze, 850 !

This is very similar to S. distinctum, X. E. Br., and may prove to be identical
when more material is obtained, but it differs in having the coronal-lobes much less
dilated, at the apex and much less deeply toothed, and especially in the apex of the
style.

21. MARGARETTA, Oliver; Benth. et Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. 759.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla very deeply 5-lobed, campanulate; lobes
revolute or spreading at the apex, overlapping to the left in bud.
Corona of 5 lobes arising from the staminal-column ; basal part claw-
like, more or less complicate, with the sides produced into teeth and
with or without a tooth in the channel between them ; upper part
expanded into a flat petaloid blade usually larger than the petals,
variable in shape. Anthers terminated by an erect membranous
appendage, adpressed to the sides of the terminal part of the style.
Pollen-masses waxy, pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell, attached to

Margaretta.'] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 873

the rather narrow pollen-carriers in pairs by short caudicles. Style
with the terminal part always produced beyond the pollen-carriers,
capitate, hemispherical, subconical, obtuse or truncate, usually furrowed
below. Follicles (only seen in one species) fusiform, beaked and taper-
ing at the ba.^e into a stipe, smooth. Seeds crowned by a tuft of hairs.
— Perennial herbs with a tuberous rootstock and milky juice. Stems
usually simple and probably solitary, rarely branched. Leaves opposite.
Umbels pedunculate,, terminal and lateral between the bases of the
upper leaves, mostly arranged in a terminal corymb.
Species 5 or 6, endemic.

Closely allied to Asclepias, differing cliiefly in the petaloid coronal-lobes, which
are larger and more conspicuous than the often revolute petals ; the anther-
appendages, too, are erect and the apical part of the style more elongated, rising
above the pollen-carriers.

In the diied state, owing to pressure, the coronal-lobes sometimes have their
claw part so much flattened that its complicate nature disajjpears, and it then
appears to be flat with two or three teeth standing upon it.
Coronal-lobes with 3 teeth on the claw.

Corolla-lobes revolute; blade of the coronal-lobes

elliptic, elliptic-oblong, toothed on the margin . \. M. rosea.
Corolla-lobes not revolute; bl ide of the coronal-
lubes narrowly oblong, entire or irregularly lobed
or toothed at the apex . . . . .2. M. Whytei.

Coronal-lobes witli 2 teeth on the claw ; corolla-lobes
revolute.
Blade of the coronal-lobes oblong or elliptic-oblong,

1^-2 1 lin. broad 3. 3i. Holstii.

Blade of tlie coronal-lobes orbicular, 3-4 lin. broad . 4. M. orbicularis.

1. M. rosea, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. Ill, t. 70. Tuber
carrot- shaped, milky. Stems 12-20 in. high, simple or slightly branched,
pubescent, principally along two lines. Leaves spreading ; petiole 1-H
lin. long; blade Ij^ in. long, 4-8 lin. broad, narrowly oblong, acute,
cordate, subcordate or rounded at the base, both sides with a minute
sparse pubescence. Umbels about 3, corymbose at the apex of the
stem, few-flowered ; peduncles 3-4 lin. long, subtomentose ; bracts 1-1 J
lin. long, subulate, subtomentose ; pedicels lJ-3 lin. long, subtomentose.
Sepals 1^-1 1 li^' long, lanceolate, acute, subtomentose. Corolla-lobes
ascending, with revolute tips, 2|-2| lin. long, j lin. broad, linear-oblong,
obtuse, pubescent on the back. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the
staminal -column, petaloid, 3-3J lin. long, 2-2J lin. broad, complicite in
the basal half, with the inflexed margins produced into erect linear acute
teeth, with a similar tooth between them on the face of the claw ; upper
half expanded into a broad flat spreading obovate-oblong or subelliptic
blade, toothed all round. Anther- appendages ovate, acute, erect, con-
nivent, twice as long as the apical part of the style which is nither
short, subcapitate and furrowed. — K. Schum. in Engl. PH. Ost-Afr. C.
323 1 ; Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 305.

Wrile I.ancl. Uganda: Vnyoro, Speke 4- Grant, 521 \ Xandi liiinge, Sco/f-
JEHiot, 704S ! in open jungle, Wilson, 48 !

VOL. IV. ^

374 Lxxxv. ASCLEPIADE.E (brown). Mavgaretta.']

PCozamb. Hist. German East Africa : Urundi, Scott-Elliot, 8370 !

The flowers are stated on Wilson's label to be " dull yellow with a brown spot at
the base of each petal." This doubtless refers to the petal-like coronal-lobes, the
true petals apparently being rosy-purple. According to Colonel Grant both the
l)eta}s and coronal-lobes are i)ink.

2. M, "WTiytei, K. Schum. in Engl. PJl. Ost-Afr, C, o2;3. Stems
12-18 in. high, mostly simple, pubescent. Leaves very spreading or
somewhat reflexed ; petiole J-2 lin. long ; blade 2-5 in. long, 2-11 lin.
broad, linear to lanceolate, acuminate, more or less pubescent on both
sides. Umbels about f>-4 in a corymb at the top of the stem, and
occasionally one from the node below, 7-lG-flowered ; the upper
pediiDcle ^-1 in. long, the lower lJ-3 in. or more long, tomentose-
pubescent, as are likewise the 3-8 lin. long pedicels, and the 1-1 J lin.
long la.nceola.te acuminate sepals. Corolla-lobes 2-2J lin. long, | lin.
broad, lanceolate and acute or oblong and obtuse in difl'erent flowers
in the same umbel, sparsely pubescent on the back, erect, with spread-
ing or recurved tips, but not re volute. Coronal -lobes arising from the
base of the staroinal-column, suberect, petaloid, 2-2Jlin. long,i- lin. broad;
basal part narrowly complicate, with the inflexed margins produced
into narrow acuminate teeth ^ lin. long, with a similar tooth on the face of
the lobe between them ; upper part expanded into aflat narrowly oblong
blade, entire, bifid or irregularly toothed or lobed at the apex. Anthei--
appendages ovate, lanceolate or oblong, acute, erect. Style capitate,
subhemispherical or shortly subconical at the apex, obtuse. Follicles often
solitary, 2^-3 in. long, 3-3-^ lin. thick, lanceolate, acuminate into a beak,
tapering into a stipe at the base, finely and sparsely pubescent. Seeds
21in. long, iMin. broad, ovate, flattened, with thickened margins, scro-
biculate, brown. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 234 ;
Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 305; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902,
250. M. rosea, Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 29, not of
Oliver.

ZMIozamt). Dlst. German East Africa : Lower plateau nortli of Lake Xyasa,
Thomson ! Portuguese East Africa : between Beira and Massi Kessi, Hon. Mrs.
Hvelyn Cecil, 17! Lower Shire: Monunbala Mountain, 1700-2500 ft.. Kirk/
British Central Africa : Nyasaland; Chiradzulu Mountain, Heller ! Mount Zomba
and vicinity, 2500-3500 ft., 7r%^e.' Purves,'^2\ Metier! Mount Mlanji, 7000-
9000 ft., Pnrves, 90 ! Whyte, 106 ! 117 ! Scott-MHot, 8666 ! Mandala to Matope,
Scoff.-Ulliot,84<42l Mount Malosn, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Blantyre, ^co^^ .' Shire
Highlands, Buchanan ! Angoniland, Sharpe, 1901 ! and without precise locality,
Buc?i,anan, ^^4>\ 907! Khodesia : Salisbury, i^awc^, 124! 547! 632!

This species varies considei-ably in the size of its flowers and in the amount of
toothing at the apex of the coronal-lobes. In the dried state the latter often appear
to be flat to the base, with 3 teeth on their inner face, but I believe that when alive
the claw part is complicate as described.

3, M, Holstii, K. ScJium. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 133, t. 6, figs,
G-J. Stems 8-22 in. high, simple. Leaves very spreading or some-
what reflexed, |-G in. long, ^-1 in. broad, on petioles h-^h Hn. long,

Mff^rgaretta.'] Lxxxv. asclepiade.*: (browx). ;!7r»

oblong, narrowly lanceolate-obiong or linear-lanceolate, acute or aca-
minate, the base subcordate, subtruncate or rounded, both sides with a
scattered pubescence. Umbels 2-3 clustered at the apex of the stem,
3-10-flovvered; peduncles 2-14 lin. long, densely pubescent, as are
also the 1-2 lin. long subulate bracts, the 1-2 lin. long pedicels, and
the 1|— 2^ lin. long lanceolate aciiminate sepals. Corolla o-lobed
almost to the base ; lobes erect with revolute tips, 4-;') lin. long,
1-lJ lin. broad, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute,
with a few minute hairs on the back, purple. Coronal-lobes peta-
loid, more or less spreading, 41^-7 lin. long, li-2.V lin. broad; daw
complicate with the narrow infiexed margins produced into two deltoid
teeth h lin. long, without a tooth between them on the face of the lobe ;
blade oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, entire or irregularly denticulate
at the apex. Anther-appendages erect, oblong-lanceolate, acute, twice as
long as and connivent over the furrowed subcapitate apical part of the
style.— K. Schum. inEngl.Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 32;i, and in Engl, ct Prantl,
Pilanzenfam. iv. ii. 234, fig. 08, G-H. M. rosea, Oliver in Trans.
Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. o42, not elsewhere.

XMCozamb. Sist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Mlalo, Ilulst, lijjl
Kiiinianjaro, 4700-5000 ft., Johnston ! Volkens, 220 !

This species is described by Dr. Schumann as remarkable in having " cai»it;iie
hairs" on the calyx. Having examined one of the type specimens hov\e\er, 1 Hml
no such hairs, but tliat the fructitication of some kind of mildew is present.

4. M. orbicularis, A^. F. Br. in Keiu Bulletin, 18D5, 250. Stems
G in. to 2 ft. high, simple, pubescent. Leaves very spreading or sub-
refiexed ; petiole i-1 lin. long ; blade 2-0 in. long, 2-7 lin. broad, linear
or Imear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, pubescent on both sides.
Umbels 1-3, corymbose at the top of the stem ; peduncles i-3i in. long,
subtomentose ; bracts 2-4 lin. long, subtomentose, as well as the 2-4
lin. long pedicels, and the 2-2;^ lin. long lanceolate acuminaie sepiils.
Corolla-lobes ascending, with revolute tips, 3|-4 lin. long, 1^-1 J li°-
broad, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, sparsely puberuious or sub-
glabrous on the back. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of the stamiual-
column, petaloid, 4^-0 lin. long, 3-4 lin. broad, and forming a false
corolla |-1 in. in diam. ; claw complicate, with the margins produced
into two erect linear-falcate teeth 1 lin. long, overtopping the staminal-
column, without a tootfi between them ; blade large, tlat, spreading,
elliptic or orbicular, subentire or crenulate. Anther-appendages oblong,
acute, erect, twice as long as and connivent over the furro>ved sub-
capitate apical part of the style. Young follicles fusiform, tapering to
a rather long beak, pubescent, solitary (always ?).

Mozamb. X>l8t. British Central Africa : N}asaland; Maravi Covin try, west
of Lake Nyasa, Kir/c ! Elephant Marsh, north Nyasa, iScott ! t>ongiie Hiver and
Karonga, Whyte !

The flowers are stated to vary from " whitish-iilac to deep i>uri)le." This
probably alludes to the coronal-lobes, but the more inconspicuous corolla-lobes aUo
appear to be purplish.

S76 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Marga^'cUa.

Imperfectly known species.

5. M. Cornetii, Deivevre in Comptes-rcmdus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiv,
DO. Ilesembles M. rosea, Oliv., and M. Holstii, K. Schum., in general
appearance but has a larger inflorescence and larger flowers. Sepals
oh lin. long, lanceolate, acute, pubescent. Corolla-lobes oblong, obtuse,
mucronate, glabrous, greenish-yellow. Coronal-lobes 7^ lin, long,
obovate, obtuse, narrowed into a claw at the base, mauve with a yellowish
midrib.

South Central. Congo Free State : Katanga, Cornet.

I liave not seen this species, but from tlie imperfect description jndge it to be
i'losely allied to M. orbicularis, its flowers seem to be larger than those of the
species known to me.

22. PACHYCARPUS, E. Meyer, Comm. 209.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla deeply 5-lobed, campanulate, rotate or
reflexed ; lobes overlapping to the left in bud. Corona of 5 lobes
arising from the base of the staminal-column, usually long, tongue-
shaped, linear or dilated at the apex and frequently at the base also,
spreading at the base then more or less incurved over the staminal-
column, and with or without a pair of contiguous erect flat lobes, teeth
or keels at the base on the upper side ; sometimes short and consisting
of the basal part bearing the erect pair of contiguous lobes only, the
terminal portion being undeveloped. Staminal-column arising from
the bottom of the corolla, sessile or subsessile, the filament part being
undeveloped, forming a very broad 5-angled truncate cone, from
the very rigid and horny anther-wings, being exceedingly broad
and projecting at the base. Anthers with terminal membranous
appendages inflexed over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses pen-
dulous, solitary in each anther-cell, attached in pairs to the pollen-
carriers by broad flat caudicles, which are abruptly bent at the middle.
Style truncate or depressed at the apex, not exceeding the anther-
appendages. Follicles solitary (always ?), coriaceous, usually winged,
at least on the apical part, sometimes toothed or echinate along the
wings. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Erect herbs. Leaves
opposite, broad. Flowers in umbels, lateral at the nodes of the upper
part of the stem, moderately large.

Species several, chiefly South African.

This {lenus has not been recognised by any antlior since it was established l>y
E. Meyer in 1837. Decaisne, Bentham & Hooker and K. Scliumann include it in
Gomphocarpus, D. Dietrich includes it in X y smal ohium oxidi ^chXechier \n Asclepias .
But the broad sessile truncate core formed by the anthers with their exceedingly
broad and very rigid wings, the very different coronal structure and different
< haracter of the fruit, appear to me to be sufficient grounds for retaining it as
:i distinct genus, to which, besides most of those referred to it by E. Meyer, I would
refer the following species : —

P. transtaalensis , N. E. Br. (Asclepias transvaahnsis, Schlechter) ; P.
fnacrochilus, N. E. Br. (.4. macrochila, Schlediter) ; F. schinzianus, N.E.Br.

PaAihycarpusS\ lxxxv. asclepiade^e (brown). 377

{A. schinziana, Sclilechter) ; P. Galpinii, N. E. Br. {A. Galpinii, Sc-lilechter) ;
p. scaher, N. E. Br. (Gomp/iocarpus scaler, Harv.); P. McKenii, N. E. Br.
{G. McKenii,l\»vv.)', and P. validus,^. E. Br, (J. valida, Sclileclitt-r) ; all of
which I have examined. The liabit niul pencral ai)])caraiice of h11 the sia'cits I have
seen is very uniform, and in most cases is quite suflRcient to distinguish this
gtnus from its allies.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, ^-^ in. broad . . .1. P. rhinophyJIvs.

Leaves oblong, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate,

^-Ij in. broad . . . . . . . 2, P. concolor.

1. P. rhinophyllus, N. E. Br. Stem more or less flexuose,
pubescent-scabrid. Leaves spreading-incurved, subsessile or with
petioles J-1 lin. long; blade 4-6 lin. long, 4-0 lin. broad, linear-
lanceolate, gradually tapering to an acute point, acute at the ba.<^e,
scabrid on both sides. Umbels terminal and probably also lateral ;
pedicels 7 lin. long, with a spreading pubescence; bmcts subulate,
pubescent. Sepals 7 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent,
scaberulous near the apex. Corolla rotate-campanulate ; lobes G-7^ lin.
long, 4-5 lin. broad, elliptic-ovate, shortly and rather abruptly pointed,
pubescent on the back. Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the
staminal-column and incurved over it, \ in. long, horizontally spreading
at the dilated rhomboidal base, then abruptly contracted into a long
linear obtuse incurving apical part ; upon the middle of the dilated base
stand two erect, broadly deltoid, obtuse teeth H Hn. long and nearly
as broad, placed close together and nearl}? or quite reaching to the top
of the staminal-column. Anther-appendages elliptic-ovate, inflexed
over the apex of the style. — Gomphocarpus scaher^ K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb, xvii. 124, not of Harvey. G. rhinophyllus, K. Schum. in Kngl.
Pfl. Ost.-Afr. C. 322. G. trachyp)hyll\is, K. Schum. in Engl, it Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 237.

Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Ei st bank of Lake Victoria,
Fischer, 399 !

Through the kindness of Prof. Engler, I have seen a tlowcr and leaf from the
type, but do not find any black hairs on the outside of the corolla as mentioned in
the original description. Gowphocarpus scaler, Harvey, has the same tyj^e of
<?oronal-structure, but is otherwise a totally different species.

2. P. concolor, E. Meyer, Comm. 210. Stems 10-lG in. high,
simple, 11-3 lin. thick, somewhat scabrid-pubescent. Leaves numerous,
|-1^ in. apart, spreading; petiole 2-4 lin. long; blade \\-^ in. long,
\-\\ in. broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse and apiculate,
rounded or rarely cuneate at the base, usually undulate, rigid in the
dried state, with scattered hairs on both sides or nearly glabrous on one
or both surfaces, scabrous on the margins. Umbels lateral at the no*les,
sessile or shortly pedunculate, 2- (very rarely 3-) flowered, or some of
the flowers solitary ; peduncles 0-3 lin. long ; pedicels 4-7 lin. long,
somewhat roughly pubescent. Sepals 5-9 lin. long, 2-3 hn. broad,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, rather coarsely pul>escent.
Corolla \-\\ in. in diam., glabrous or very slightly jnibescent outside,

378 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (browx). [^Pachycavpus.

varying from greenish slightly tinted with purple to dark purple;
lobes 6-8 lin. long, 4-5J lin. broad, ovate or oblong-ovate, subacute,
apparently concave, spreading. Coronal -lobes arising at the base of
the staminal-column, 5-G lin. long, radiately spreading at the base,
with the apical part incurved, gradually tapering from a 21-3 lin.
broad subcordate-ovate base to a linear obtuse point, and bearing on
the dilated basal part 2 erect parallel contiguous deltoid obtuse teeth
1 J-2 lin. long. Staminal column 2h-'^> lin. long, broadly and shortly
conical ; anthers deltoid, about 2h lin. broad at the base, with very
horny . obliquely triangular much projecting wings. Pollen-carriers
with very broad caudicies, which are h ^^^' lo^^g ^^^ about half as
long as the oblong pollen-masses. Follicles not seen. — Asclepias con-
color, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. Beibl. 54, G, and in Journ. Bot.
1896, 452; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1902, 256. Xysmalohiuni concolor,
D. Dietr. Synop. PI. ii. 902. Gomjjhocarjms concolor, Decne. in DC.
Prod. viii. 56o.

IVZo^&am'b. Bist. Bechuanalaiul : near Palapye, 3000 ft., Lugard, 261 !
liuluwayo. Rand, 187 !

Also in South Afr

ica.

23. PENTARRHIKUM, E. Meyer; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. 758.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla very deeply 5-lobed, rotate or reflexed ;
lobes overlapping to the left in bud. Corona of 5 lobes arising from
the base of the staminal-column and alternating with the corolla-lobes,
obconic or trumpet- or slipper-shaped, with infolded margins, forming a
channel or a narrow funnel-shaped cavity within, truncate or rounded
at the apex, with a horn directed forwards over or towards the anthers.
Stamens arising from the base of the corolla, united into a tube around
the ovary and style. Anthers with a terminal membranous appendage
inflexed over the apex of the style ; pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in
each cell of the anther, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by
slender caudicies. Follicles lanceolate, more or less beaked and more or
less echinate. Seeds crowned by a tuft of hairs. — Perennial twining
herbs with shorter stems. Leaves opposite, petiolate, cordate. Flowers
small, arranged in pedunculate umbel-like corymbs, lateral at the nodes.

Species 3, two occurring also in South Africa.

Coronal-lobes thick and fleshy, obconic, truncate,with

a short straight horn . . , . . . 1. F. insipidum.

Coronal-lobes thin in the dried state, slipper-shaped,

rounded at the apex, horn usually curved . . 2. P. ahyssinicum.

1. P. insipidum, E. Meyer, Comm. 200. Stem twining, gla-
brous or puberulous, or with a puberulous line down one side. Leaves
spreading; petiole |-2 in. long; blade 1-3 in. long, |-2 in. broad,
cordate-ovate, acute or acuminate, with broadly rounded basal lobes,
both sides glabrous. Peduncles lateral at the nodes, 1-3 in. long, gla-

I

PentarrhinuTti.^ Lxxxv. asclepiade.« (brown). 379^

brous or puberulous ; corymbs 1-1 1 in. in diam., elongating into a
raceme as the flowers expand ; bracts ^-1 lin. long, subulate, mem-
branous, deciduous ; pedicels 4-10 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals 1-1^
lin. long, lanceolate, acute, more or less puberulous, ciliate. Corolla
rotate, reflexed ; lobes 2-o lin. long, l-li lin. broad, ovate or ovate-
oblong, obtuse, glabrous, ciliate. Coronal-lobes about 1 lin. long, as
long as the staminal-column, obconic, narrowly channelled down the
face, truncate, thick and fleshy, with a slightly projecting rim at the
apex, and a stout central tooth directed forwards over the tips of the
anthers. Follicles solitary (always?), l^-2-| in. long, A-| in. tliick,
lanceolate, acute or acuminate into a beak, more or less tuberculate-
echinate, sometimes nearly smooth, glabrous. Seeds ?>-i)^, lin. long,
2 lin. broad, ovate, plano-convex, with a thin wing-like margin, toothed
at the broadest end, both sides with some linear ridges, brown, gla-
brous.— Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 553 ; Harvey, Thesaurus Cap. i. 7,
t. 11; Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. xx. Beibl. 51, 43; K. Schum. in
Engl, tk Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 244, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 3S5.

Wile Isand. Eritrea: Keren, Steudner, 748! Bogos, llildebrandf, 491!
Abyssinia: near Deli Dekeno, -S'cAxwjoer, 2175 ! Gerima, 6000 ft., Schimper,{)\\\
Alia Amba, Roth, 409 ! British East Africa : Navaisha to Baringo Valley, Gregory I
Ukamba; Kitui, Hildehrandt, 2781 ! Rabai Hill?, Taijlor ! M.inbas:i, Kirk !

Iiower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Ambobincl; Annishe, ^V^jhz, 1 !
Osliando, Schinz ! Damaraland, Een !

XM:ozainb. I>ist. German East Africa: Usambara : Masbeua, Jlolsf, 3570 !
Kilimanjaro; Marangu, 4200 ft., Vol/cens, IMQl Uguenogue Mountains, 1'oliens,
509 ! Kinga Mountains, near Balangwa, 7200 ft., Ooetze, 935 (ex Schumann),
British Central Africa: Ngamiland ; on g'rassy plains near Botletle, Zwy^rrf. 217 !
Tropical Transvaal : near Mailas Kop, 2500 ft., iSchlechter^ 4504 !

2. P. abyssinicum, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 553. — Stem, leav«?s
and inflorescence undistinguishable from P. insipidum. Coronal-lobes
1 lin. long, nearly or quite twice as long as the staminal-column, rather
thin, slipper-shaped, rounded at the apex, with a decurved horn or
point overhanging tlie shallow or narrowly funnel-shaped cavity formed
by the infolded margins, or directed over the anthei-s. Staminal-
column h lin. long, much shorter than in P. insi2ndHm, the horny
anther- wings also shorter. — Decne. in Delessert, Icon. Select, v, 3(>,
t. 70 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. oG ; Yatke in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr.
187G, 14G, and in Linnsea, xl. 215; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.
342 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 323 ; in Engl. .;- Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv.234, fig. G8, K., and 244 ; and in Ann. Istit. Hot. Poma,
vii. 38.

Wile Ziand. Abyssinia : Adowa. Quart in-DHlon J^- Petit, 201 ! without i>rei-i-e
locality, Schimper, 399 I Somaliland : near Giacorse, F.ira^ 213, 220. and on n
plain at Salvati, Jiiva, 1554 (ex Schumann). Uganda: two days' nmrcli fn)m Xandi,
Whj/te !

Var. angolense, X. E. Br. Coronal-lobes 1-1.] lin. loni,', exceodinjf tlio
i-1 lin. long staminal-column. — P. insipidum, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Wclw. i.
687, not of E. Mev. P. altyssinicum, De Wild, and Durand, Contrib. Fl. Cou^ro, ii. ii.
42?

S80 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (bi?own). [Pentarvhinum.

]bower Guinea. Lower Congo : Kisantu, on the Inkissi River, Oillet, (ex
De Wildeman Sf Durand). Angola: Am briz and by the River Kuanza, Jlfow^eiro /
Quizembo, Welwitsch, 4199 ! Lonnda ; in thickets near Penedo, Welwitsch, 4237!
Gohnigo Alto; at Elinda in Terras de Bumba, Welwitsch, 4238 ! borders of forests
along tbe Quiapose River, Welwitsch, 4239 ! Icolo e Bengo ; near the Lagoa de
Foto, Welwitsch, 4240 ! Benguellu ; in the rocky thickets of Nene, towards Empa-
lanca, Welwitsch, 4247 !

The Angolan plant diffe'-s from the Abyssinian only in the relative size
of the staminal-columi). According to Monteiro the "flowers have a delicious
odour," jind according to Welwitsch they are white or the corolla is green and
the corona brilliantly white.

24. PENTATHOPIS, R. Br. ; Wight &l Arnott, Contrib. Bot. 52.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes suberect,
•with spreading tips, overlapping to the left and more or less twisted to
the right in bud. Corona simple, arising from the staminal-column, of
5 laterally compressed lobes, adnate for half to two-thirds of their
length to the backs of the anthers. Staminal-column arising from the.
base of the corolla. Anthers with membranous appendages inflexed
over the truncate apex of the style. Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary
in each cell of the anthers, affixed in pairs by short slender caudicles to
the pollen-carriers. Follicles lanceolate, narrowed into a beak, smooth.
Seeds crowned by a tuft of hairs. — Slender twiners with opposite
petiolate leaves, and sublateral or subaxillary umbels of small flowers.

Species about 6; the genus extends through Arabia, Beluchistan, the drier parts
of India into China and the Malay Archipelago. There is no outer corona as
desciibed by Bentham in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 764.
Umbels 3-6-flowered ; pedicels 3-8 lin. long ;

corolla-lobes triangular, acuminate or tailed . 1. P. cynanchoides.

Umbels 8-10-flowcred ; pedicels 2|-3 lin. long ;

corolla-lobes deltoid, obtuse, . . . .2. P.fasciculatus.

1. P. cynanchoides, R. Br. in Salt, Voy. Abyss. Append. Ixiv.
Stems slender, twining, glabrous, except in the axils of the leaves and
at the base of the young shoots, which are more or less pubescent.
Leaves spreading; petiole 1-4 lin. long; blade J-1 J in. long, J-1 in.
broad, oblong, ovate or elliptic ovate, acute or obtuse, mucronate, more
or less fleshy, glabrous. Umbels subaxillary, 3-6-flowered ; peduncles
slender, 1-3 lin. long, or sometimes almost absent ; pedicels • 3-5
lin. long, filiform, sparsely puberulous. Sepals ^-J lin. long, ovate^
acuminate, sparsely puberulous, or subglabrous. Corolla pentagonal
and acuminate in bud, 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 4-5 lin.
long, narrowly linear from a triangular base, twisted in bud, gla-
brous outside, minutely puberulous within. Coronal-lobes arising
J lin. above the base of the staminal-column and nearly or quite
reaching to its apex, varying in different flowers in the same umbel,
J lin. long, compressed, sublriangular in outline viewed sideways, sub-
truncate at the base, adnate to the column for | of their length, with a
free narrowly oblong subacute or acute apex. Follicles 2-3 in. long,

Pantati'opis.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 381

and about J in. thick, lanceolate, acuminate into a beak, smooth,
glabrous. — Wight & Arnott, Contrib. Bot. 5o in a note. P. spiralis,
Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser. ix. 327, t. 11, fig. E. ; and in DC. Prod!
viii. 53G ; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 251, fig. 73, P-Q., and
258 ; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz., 1892, 341). /-•. spiralis,
Becne., var. longepetiolata, Engl. Hochgebirgsfi. Trop. Afr. 3-43. 7y/o-
phora cirrosa, Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. FI. Aethiop. 132.

Xlle I.and. Dahlak Island, in the Red Sea, Ehrenberg (ex Aschenon).
Nubiii : Gebel Uaratab, near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 219 ! Otao, Johnston, 4! sea-
coast to between 3000-4000 ft., Bent ! Eritrea ; Sarat, near Massana, Steudner,
199 ! 752 (ex Engler) ; near Samhar, from the liills of V'urek to tlie Iti'ver Ambii,'
Penzig; Shoho, Petit (ex Engler). Abyssinia: Jiegemeder ; near St-nka Uerr,*
7500 ft., Schimper, and Anadehr, 7800 ft., Schimper, 596 (ex Engler}, amX without
precise locality. Salt !

Extends through Arabia to the drier parts of India.

Var. senegalensis N. E. Br. Stem and leaves as in the above, but the pubescence
in the axils of the leaves and base of the young shoots more pronounced. Pediiels
6-8 lin. long. Corolla-lobes 2i-3 lin. long, not twisted in bud, elongate-
triangular, acuminate, scarcely tapering into linear t;iils. Coronal-lobes rather
larger, about f lin. long and broad. — Pentatropis senegalenis, Decne. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. 2 ser. ix. 328.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, igo^^rgr .', Perro^^e/, 476 ! Heudelot, 5301 is in
moist places* by the River Senega), Leprieur (ex Decaisne).

2. P. fasciculatus, J\\ E. Br. Stems slender, glabrous, but witli
a little woolly tomentum at the very base of the branchlets. Leaveji
spreading ; petiole 1-lJ lin. long ; blade |— 1 in, long, 3-C lin. broad,
ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, mucronate, glabrous. Umbels sub-
axillary, 8-10-flowered, quite glabrous in all parts; peduncles \-l
lin. long ; pedicels filiform, 2^-3 lin. long. Sepals h lin. long, ovate,
acute. Corolla pentagonal and obtuse in bud, 5-lobed to j of the way
down, rotate ; lobes \^ lin. long, 1^ lin. broad at the base, deltoid,
obtuse, not twisted in bud. Coronal-lobes arising J lin. above the base
of the staminal-column and reaching to its apex, | lin. long, compressed,
triangular-acuminate in outline when viewed sideways, truncate at the
base, adnate to the column for f of their length, with a free lineiir
acute apex. — Pentar^'hinum fasciculatum, K. Schum. in Engl. PH. Ost-
Afr. C. 323.

Mozaxnb. Dlst. German East Africa ; Pangani, Stuhlmann, Coll. I., 809!

Imperfectly knoivn species.

3. P. hoyoides, K. Schum. in Ann. Isiit. Bot. Roma, vii. 40.
Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves fleshy, glabrous ; petiole scarcely
exceeding 2 lin. in length ; blade i-U in. long, J-1 in. broail, oblong
or ovate-oblong, obtuse or subobtuse, apiculate ; veins very inconspic-
uous. Flowers 4-8 in axillary fascicles ; pedicels at the most 4^ lin.
long. Sepals | lin. long, subulate, glabrous. Corolla rotate; tube
1 lin. long ; lobes 2 lin. long, acuminate, glabrous outside, pubescent
within. Outer coronal-lobes laterally flattened, somewhat foliaceou.^.

382 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). \^Pentatropis.

semi-ovate, shortly acuminate. Staminal-column 1\ lin. long, very
shortly stipitate. Follicles 1 J in. long, when flattened out nearly | in.
broad, elongate-ovate, acuminate, 2-nerved down the back.

M'ile Xiand. Somaliland : Ogaden and Webi, RoheccM-Bricchetti, 321, 333.

25. OXYSTELMA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 749.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla with a very short tube enclosing the base
of the staminal-column, and a broad saucer-shaped limb 5-lobed to half-
way down ; lobes deltoid, acute, valvate at the base and overlapping to
the left at the apex in bud. Corona of 5 erect lanceolate-attenuate
lobes, arising from the staminal-column, with a crumpled gibbosity
at their base, which rests on truncate projections from the top
of the filament-part of the staminal-column. Stamens arising from the
base of the corolla-tube, united into a column around the ovary and
style Anthers erect, terminated by a short inflexed membranous
appendage. Pollen-masses pendulous, elongate-clavate, compressed,
attached in pairs by their attenuated ends to the short ovoid pollen-
carriers. Style pentagonal, truncate or slightly convex at the apex,
not exceeding the anthers. Follicles often solitary, inflated or
lanceolate, smooth. Seeds ovate, compressed, crowned with a tuft of
hairs.

Species 2, one endemic, the other extending into India, Ceylon, Tonkin and
Java.

This very distinct genus appears to have been somewhat incorrectly under-
stood. The authors of the Genera Plantarum have mistaken the very short densely
pubescent corolla-tube for an outer corona, whilst other authors describe the
follicles as winged. I do not find them to be so, but a somewhat wdng-like
appearance is sometimes produced by pressure in drying. The withered corolla
sometimes persists at the base of the follicles, which are often solitary.

Leaves never cordate at the base; follicles not inflated 1. O. esculentum.

Leaves often cordate at the base; follicles much

inflated . . . . . . . .2.0. hornouense.

1. O. esculentum, R. Br., var. Alpini, N. E. Br. Stem twining,
with a deciduous white tomentum on the tips of the young shoots, soon
becoming glabrous. Leaves spreading ; petiole 2|-4 lin. long ; blade
11-3 J in. long, J-5 lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute,
usually narrowed into the petiole, but sometimes rounded at the base,
glabrous. Cymes pedunculate, subumbellately or racemosely 2-4-
flowered, glabrous; peduncle 1-1 J lin. long; pedicels J-| in. long,
thickened at the apex. Sepals -J- in. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute.
Corolla J in. or more in diam., saucer-shaped, 5-lobed to half-way
down, with the margins of the broadly deltoid acute lobes and the
mouth and inside of the very short tube velvety pubescent, otherwise
glabrous, white or pinkish, veined with purple at the base, whence 5
purple rays extend to the sinuses between the lobes. Coronal-lobes
2J lin. long, lanceolate or deltoid-acuminate, entire, bifid, or trifid at
the apex, gibbous and crumpled at the base. Style-apex slightly

Oxystelma.'] Lxxxv. asclepiade.*: (brown). 383

convex, not exceeding the anthers. Follicles ]i^-2 in. lon^, about
b lin. thick, not inflated, lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Seeds very small,

1 lin. long or less, ovate, biconvex, very narrowly margined, grey.

0. Alpini, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 543 ; Schweinf. PI. Nilot. 29.
O. (Egyptiacum, Decne. in DC. Prod, viii, 504, name only. 0. Secamone
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 229. Periploca Seca-
mone, Del. Fl. ^gypt. Illust. 56 (ex Decaisne), not of Linn.

wile Xiand. Abyssinia: Agow ; banks of the Kiver Awarra, near Mawerr
3300 ft,, Schimper, 2305 !

Also in Egypt.

A form with acute, non-inflated follicles also occurs in India, but tlie seeds are
larger, about 1^ lin. long. The quotation by Decaisne of Secamone, Alpinus, PI.
.Egypt. 53, with fig., and ed. Vesling (1640), 133 and 134 fig., and ed. (1735), iVi, t\
48, is altogether wrong for the genus Oxystelma, as the plant there figured is
Leptadenia heterophylla.

2. O. bornouense, JR. Br. in Denham <0 Clapp. Trav. in Xm-th
and Central Africa, App. 239. Characters as in 0. esculentum, var.
Alpini except : — petiole of the leaves 3-9 lin. long ; blade 1-2^^ in. long,
^-1 in. broad, usually elongated oblong-ovate or deltoid-ovate^ acut^ or
acuminate, cordate or cordate-hastate at the base, with rounded lobes,
or occasionally lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse, apiculate, rounded
oi* subtruncate at the base, glabrous. Corolla 1-1;^ in. in diam., the
whole interior veined with dark purple except the tips of the lobes.
Follicles solitary (always?), 1^-2 in. long, |-1 in. in diam., very inflated,
ovoid or ovoid-oblong, very obtuse, glabrous. Seeds \\-2\ lin. long,
flattened, with a broad firm wing, brown. — 0. hornouense, R. Br., and
0. seneqalense, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 543 ; Engl, k Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam.^iv. ii. 228, fig. 66, E.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Roger ! Perrottet, 468 ! Senegambia, Heudelot,
423 ! Lagos : Abeokuta, Irving, 27 ! Interior of Western Lagos, Rowland .' Niger
Territory : Nupe, common on the river-banks, Barter, 1131 ! Bonui, Oudney, 6 I

Wile Iiand. White Nile, at Om Madeb, /ScAwe/n/wr^A, 982 ! Mittu : Moolo,
Schiveinfurth, 2850 ! Somaliland : Webi Abdallah, Keller, 103 ! near Barcif, Rita,
691 (ex iSchumann).

Tbis was separated from 0. esculentum by R. Brown on accoifnt of the different
leaves and inflated follicles, but the typical Indian O. esculentum has inflated
follicles, as originally described by Linnaeus. The flowers, however, of O. bomouense
are much more veined with purple, and the seeds very much larger, much more
broadly winged, different in colour, and altogether different in character from those
-of 0. esculentum.

26. SARCOSTEMMA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. 763.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed to the base, rotate or rotate-
campanulate ; lobes overlapping to the left in bud. Corona double,
arising from the staminal-column ; outer corona annular or cup-
shaped, often pentagonal, truncate or shortly lobed ; inner corona ot 5
erect fleshy compressed or keeled lobes, with tlieir ba.<v'il jwirt

384 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [^Savcostemma,

embracod by the outer corona. Staminal-column arising from the
base of the corolla ; anthers with terminal membranous appendages-
inflexed over or suberecb and surrounding the apex of the style.
Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each cell of the anther, attached
in pairs by short slender caudicles to the pollen-carriers. Style
convex, shortly conical or shortly columnar at the apex. — Leafless^
trailing or twining, succulent shrubs. Umbels terminal or lateral at
the nodes, sessile. Flowers small.

Species few, distiibuted through dry parts of the tropical and subtropical regions
of the Old World.

Corolla-lubes 2-2^> lin. long \. S. viminale.

2. S. andongense.

1. S. viminale, R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 51. Stems trailing-
or twining, or perhaps forming a bush, sometimes succulent, becoming
woody in the lower parts, 1-2 lin. thick in the dried state, glabrous,
leafless or with minute rudimentary ovate leaves |-1 lin. long.
Umbels lateral at the nodes or terminal, or terminating short
lateral shoots, sessile, many-flowered ; pedicels 2J-3 lin. long,
minutely and sparsely puberulent. Sepals J-| lin. long, varying from
ovate or ovate -oblong to suborbicular, acute or obtuse. Corolla
rotate, rotate-campanulate, greenish-white or sulphur coloured, o-lobed
nearly to the base; lobes 2-2-^ lin. long, 1-1 J lin. broad, ovate-oblong,
obtuse or acute, more or less reflexed along the margins, glabrous.
Outer corona arising about J lin. above the base of the staminal-
column, annular, pentagonal, about J lin. deep, enclosing the bases of*
the inner coronal-lobes, with a truncate and slightly inrolled margin.
Inner corona of 5 laterally compressed erect lobes, f lin. long, with the
dorsal margin rounded and the inner margin applied to the backs of the
anthers. Follicles 2|-4 in. long, J-J in. thick, linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, smooth, thinly puberulous. Seeds ^ in. long, J in. broad ;
ovate, plano-convex, narrowly margined, subdenticulate or entire at the
broad end, minutely puberulous on the convex face and very sparingly
on the flat face, with the hairs often grouped in tufts and the margins
minutely ciliate. — Haw. Synop. PI. Succ. 13 ; Decne. in DC. Prod,
viii. 538 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 34 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop.
Afr. 342 ; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 251, fig. 73, N-0,
and 256 ; Martelli, Fl. Bogos. 54 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 689 ;
Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz. 1892, 349 ; S. Moore in Journ.
Bot. 1902, 256. S. aphyllum, Hochst. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii.
538, not of R. Br. >S'. sp., Hook. Niger Fl. 454. Cynanchum viminale,
Linn. Mant. ii. 392. Cynanchum aphyllum, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12,
iii. 235. Apocynum viminale, Bassi in Comm. Bonon. ex Roem. k,
Schult. Syst. Veg. vi. 113. Euphorbia viminalis, Linn, Sp. PI. ed. 1,
p. 452. Asclepias nuda, Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI. 155.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 21 ! Krobo Plains^
Johnson, 604 ! Niger Teriitory, Nupe, Barter, 1322 !

Sarcostenima.'] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 385

wile Iiand. Nubia : Wad Teeki, bctweon Suakiu mid IJcrbor, Schiceinfurth,
iii. 38! Eritrea: Keren, Beccari,^\ Atirba Valley, near Keren, Sleudner, 7»32 !
Mount Alam Kale, Schiceinfurth and Riva, 1807 I ccjunnon near Cihelel', unil near
Samhar, from tlie river Amba to Monkollo, Fenzig (e\ Penzig). Abyssinia : upper
valley of tlie Kiver Won bey, Schimper, 708! Wogera, Schiwper, 1186! Kfat
Roth, 412 ! Britisb East Africa : Mombasa, Hiklebranilt, 19-18 I

Xiower Guinea. An^jola : kmhv'v/., Monteiro ! at Quilonibo in the Mossul
principality, JFelicitick, 42oo\. Loanda, JFelwitsch, 42o6 \

nSozamb.- Dlst. German East Africa : Umbi Valley, Smi/h ! Hriti>h
Central Africa: Nvasaland; Namasi, near Zomba, Cameron, 78! Xpimiland ;
Kwebe Hills, Mrs. Lugard, 185 ! Rbodesia ; Matoppo Mountains, lion. Mrs. JSvcft/n
Cecil, 106 ! Buluuayo, Hand, 363 (ex ^. Moore).

There may be more tlian one species included bere, but in the dried state I am
quite unable to distinguisb any of tbe above from S. viminule ; if differences exiht,
they require to be made out and noted from tbe living plants. To S. viminnle I
am also inclined to refer S. Daltoni, Decne. in Hook. Niger Fl. 149, t. 14, from tbe
Cape Verd Islands. This only appears to differ from aS". riminale in its mucb
stouter stems, wbicli are 2-3 lin. ibick in the dried state. To S. Daltoni tbe
following references and synonymy belong. — Schmidt, Fl. Caj). Verd. Ins. 214 ;
Krause in Engl. Jabrb. xiv. 412 ; Heniiques in IJolet. Soc. Brot. xiii. 144. S.
nudum, C. Sm. in Tuckey, Congo, 251 ; Webb in Hook. Nigtr Fl. 149; Hiern in Cat.
Afr. PI. Welw. i. 688. Tithymalus pendulus. Haw. Syn. PI. Succ, 138. Euphorbia
pendula, Link, Enuni. PI. Hort. Berol. ii. 10.

2 S. andoDgense, Hlern in Cat. Afr. PL Welv. i. G80. Stems
2-3 lin. thick. Inflorescence as in aS'. viminale. Corolla larger, pale
greenish-yellow, sulphur-coloured or whitish ; lobes 3-oJ lin. lonfj,
oblong, obtuse, with strongly reflexed margins. Corona like that of
»S'. viminale in structure, white. Follicles o-oA in. long, 3-3.', lin. thick,
terete, acuminate. Seeds (immature) elon^jate-ovate, with a broad
margin, glabrous on both sides. — »S'. Welvntsckii, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI.
Welw. i. 089.

IiO\irer Guinea. Angola: Pimgo Andongo; in the higher rocky i)laces in tlie
Praesidium, irelwitsch, 4257 \ Huilla ; in rocky thickets at the base of Morro du
Lopollo, WeUvitsch, 4261 !

This may be only a variety of S. viminale, but tbe stems are usually stouter, the
floweis are mueli larger and the seeds glabrous.

27. D^MIA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook f. Gen. PI. ii. 704.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube campanulute or cylindric ; lobes .'»,
widely spreading, overlapping to the left in bud. Corona double;
outer corona at the base of the staminal column, membranou.«, annular,
shortly 5-lobed ; lobes subquadrate or oblong, obtuse, truncate, or
denticulate ; inner corona of 5 erect fleshy lobes adnate to the staminal-
column up to the anthers, free above and produced into subulate horns
incurved over the staminal-column, at the base produced into spread-
ing or deflexed spurs. Staminal-column arising at the mouth of tlie
corolla-tube, entirely exserted ; anthers erect, terminated by a mem-
branous appendage, inflexed over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses

380 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (brown). [Dfemia.

pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell, compressed, attached in pairs to
the pollen-carriers by their tapering ends, without caudicles. Follicles
lanceolate, echinate or smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. —
Twiners, with opposite cordate leaves, and sublateral pedunculate
corymbs or racemes of moderate-sized flowers.

Species 4, of which 2 extend through Arabia and Syria into India, 2 occur in
South Africa, and 1 in Madagascar.

Leaves densely but minutely tomentose on both sides ;
inflorescence (including the peduncle) 1-2 in.
lonj^ . . . . . . . , 1. J), cordaia.

Leaves g-labx-ous or pubescent, not tomentose ; in-
florescence (including the peduncle) 2-16 in.
long^.
Corolla-tube about half as long as the lobes or
less ; spur of the inner coronal-lobes arising
^-f lin. above the base of the staminal-
column.
Stem glabrous or finely puberulous ; leaves

som'ewhat fleshy . . . . . 2. D. garipensis.

Stem with a pubescence of long and short hairs,
or somewhat hispid ; leaves thin, not
fleshy . . . . . . . 3. D. extensa.

Corolla-tube § to as long as the lobes ; spur of
inner coronal-lobes arising 1-1^^ lin. above
the base of the staminal-column . . , 4. i). barhata.

1 . D, corclata, R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 50. Stems shortly
tomentose, with or without a mixture of long hairs, sometimes slightly
hispid. Leaves deflexed ; petiole J-f in. long; blade ^-IJ in. long,
5 lin. to 1\ in. broad, cordate-orbicular or cordate-ovate, apiculate or
shortly cuspidate, rather thick, tomentose on both sides. Flowers in a
corymb-like raceme, which (including the peduncle) is 1-2 in. long,
tomentose or shortly and softly hairy, as are also the J-1 in. long
pedicels, and the 1-2 lin. long ovate acute sepals. Corolla-tube 1^-2
lin. long; lobes 3-3^- lin. long, oblong-ovate, acute, bearded along their
margins. Outer and inner coronal-lobes as in D. extensa, except that
the inner coronal-lobes rarely exceed 2h lin. in length and have a shorter
spur, which is about J lin. long. Follicles iJ-SJ in. long, ovoid,
acuminate into a beak, more or less echinate, sometimes nearly smooth,
minutely tomentose. Seeds J in. long, \ in. broad, nearly flat, ovate,
margined, minutely tomentose on both sides. — Decne. in DC. Prod. viii.
544. D. incana, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser., ix. 336. J), tomen-
tosa, Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 82 ; Vatke in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr.
1876, 146 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 258.
Pergularia tomentosa, Linn. Mant. i. 53. Asdepias cordata^ Forsk.
Flor. ^:gypt.-Arab. 49.

Wile Icand. Nubia : Sea-coast to between 3000 and 4000 ft., Bent !
Danakil : near Fridelio, Kildebrandt, 734a (ex Vatke).

Common in North Africa, and extends through Arabia and Syria into Beluchistan.
Very similar to D. extensa, but with smaller leaves and a shoi'ter inflorescence.
The flowers appear to be purple-brown.

BcPinia.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). .-^.s;

2. D. garipensis, A'. Meyer, Comm. 220. Stem twining, veiy
finely puberulous or glabrous. Leaves apparently somewhat Heshv
■when alive, like rather thick paper in texture in tiie drii-d state* ;
petiole J-lin. long, puberulous; blade |-1^ in. long, A-lj in. broad;
broadly ovate, acuminate, deeply cordate at the base, with a broad
obtuse sinus almost enclosed by the incurved rounded basal-lobes, greeji
and glabrous on both sides, or with a few^ very minute hairs on the
veins beneath, Eacemes (including the peduncles) :>-('» in. long, gla-
brous or nearly so on all parts except the corolla ; pedicels (i-lO lin.
long, slender. Sepals If lin. long, f lin. broad, lanceolate, aculp.
erect. Corolla glabrous outside ; tube U lin. long, campanuiate ; Lobe^
3-4 lin. long, 2-2^ lin. broad, ovate-oblong, obtuse, broadly bordered
with white woolly hairs on the inner face, otherwise glabrous. Outer
corona arising at the base of the staminal-column, submembranous,
annular at the base, 5-lobed ; lobes quadrate, truncate ; inner coional-
lobes 2 lin. long, fleshy, gradually tapering from the base to a subulate
point, much exceeding the staminal-column and incurved over it; ba>al
spur J-| lin. long, horizontally spreading, arising J- lin. above the ba.se
of the staminal-column, which is 2 lin. long. Follicles solitary (always <),
about 2 in. long, lanceolate, tapering into a short beak, covered with
soft bristles, otherwise glabrous. Seeds 2^-3 lin. long, 2 lin. broad,
ovate, plano-convex, minutely tomentose on both sides. — -Decne. in DC
Prod. viii. r)J:4. D. gariepensis, Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 14S.

XiO\(rer Guinea. German South-west Africa: Dainaralaiul ; Kainkuiclias,
Giirich, 131 (ex JEngler).

Descri1)e(l from S. African specimens, as I have not seen an cxampli- from
Tropical Africa.

3. D. extensa, 11. Br. in 2fem. Werri. Soc. i. 50. Stem twining,
And together with the petioles, peduncles and pedicels pubescent,
setose-pubescent or hispid ; juice milky. Leaves spreading, thin ;
petiole f-3i in. long ; blade 1-6 in. long, f-a in. broad, cordate-
orbicular or cordate-ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, usually glabrous, with
hairs on the veins beneath, sometimes with a short pubescence on both
sides ; basal-lobes incurved, semi-orbicular, with a broad trancate-ba:^tnl
sinus between them. Peduncles sublateral, longer than the leaves, with
the flowers developing in a corymbose manner at the apex, gradually
-elongating into a raceme, which (including the peduncle) is 2-1(5
in. long ; bracts very small, J-1 lin. long, linear or subulate ; i)ediceis
1-1 J in. long, rather slender." Sepals 1-2 lin. long, ovate or lanceolate,
Acute, glabrous or pubescent. Corolla-tube campanuiate, \\-2 lin.
long; lobes very spreading, 3-4 lin. long, \^~2 lin. broail, ovate-oblong,
acute, bearded along their margins, light green. Outer coronal-lobes
h hn. long, subquadrate or oblong, obtuse, truncate or denticulate ;
mner coronal-lobes 2^-4 lin. long, fleshy, white, lanceolate, attenuate
into subulate entire or bifid points, rising much above the staminal-
column and incurved over it, and with an acute spur about 1 lin. lon;r.
arising below the middle (§-| lin. above the bjise) of the staniin.d
■column. Follicles 2-3 in. long, J- in. thick, lanceolate, attennrue ir)t..

388 I.XXXV. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Bcemia.

a long beak, varying from densely echinate to nearly or quite free from
tubercles or processes, pubescent. Seeds J in. long, ovate, plano-
convex, marginate, dentate or crenulate at the broad end, pubescent on
both sides. — Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 544 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss.
ii. 35; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 343; Martelli, Fl. Bogos. 54;.
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 690; Penzig in Atti del Congr.
Internaz. 1892, 348; De Wild. & Durand, PI. Thonn. 33, and
Reliq. Dewevr. 159. D.ceihiopica, Decne., and JD. angoleoisis, Decne. in
DC. Prod. viii. 544 ; Hook. Niger Fl. 454. D. hicolor, Sweet, Hort.
Brit. ed. 2, 361. B. scandens, G. Don ex Loud. Hort. Brit. 94. B..
guineensis, G. Don, Syst, iv. 156. I), harhata, Schlechter in Engl.
Jahrb. xx. Beibl. 51, 43, not of Klotzsch. D. conlifolia, K. Schum. in
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 324, in Engl, t Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 257, fig..
74, and 258, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 40, not of R. Br.
Cynanchuni extensura, Jacq. Miscell. ii. 353, and Ic. Rar. i. t. 54. C.
cordifolium, Retz. Obs. Bot. ii. 15. C. bicolo?', Andr. Bot. Rep. ix.
t. 562. C. exhinatum, Thunb. Obs. in Cynanch. 8. C. pendulum,
Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. 429. Asclepias scandens, Beauv. Fl. Oware
et Benin, i. 93, t. 56. A. convolvulacea, Willd. Sp. PI. i. 1269;
Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI. 152. A. muricaia, Schumach.
& Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI. 153. Raphistemma ciliatum, Hook. f. Bot.
Mag. t. 5704.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot ! banks of the River Fasena, Dol-
liiiger ! Rivei* Gambia, i)ow, 8! Gold Coast: Accra, Moloney! Vogel, 15!
Aquapim, Thonning, Larte, Johnson, 821 ! Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 36 ! Lagos :
Lagos, Moloney ! Yoruba, Millson ! Ilaro, Punch, 38 ! Niger Territory, Vogel,.
171178! Barter, 1Z20\ Ansell ! Cameroons, Pre«.s*, 762 !

ITile ILand. Nubia : Soturba Mountains, ScJiweinfarth, 226, near Suakin,.
Schweinf urth, 22S\ coast region. Bent J Eritrea: Ailet Gorge, Schiveinfurth Sf
Biva, 424 ! Pass of Maigergbebit, Benzig (ex Penzig) ; Bogos, Hildehrandt (ex
Engler), Beccari, 106 ! Abyssinia : Tacazze V^alley, Schi»,per, 1631 ! Sennar,
Kotschy, 249 ! Kordofan, Kotschy, 400 ! Darf ur, Burdy, 75 ! Somaliland, Miss
Bdith Cole I Mrs. Lort Bhillips ! James Sf Thrnpp ! Biva, 894, and Bohecchi
Bricchetti, 51, 319 (ex Schumann). Uganda : Unyoro, Speke Sf Grant ! British
East Africa : between Lake Navaisha and Baringo Valley, Gregory, 63 !

Ito-wer Guinea. Loango, Soyanx, 94 ! Angola : Golungo Alto; near Muria,
Welwitsch, 4244! Mossamedes; banks of the River Bero, Welwitsch, 4246!
German South-west Africa : Amboland, Schinz ! Damaraland, Ben !

nXozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usambara, Hoist, 2337 ! Tanga,
Hoist, 2065 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ! by the River Shire, Meller !
Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 263! Zcnnba Rock, Whyte I Ngamiland; Botletle
Valley, Lugard, 200 ! Kwebe Hills, 3300 ft., 3Irs. Lugard, 202 !

Extenls into South Africa and Matiagascar, and through Arabia into India.

I cannot in any way distinguish tlie various species enumerated in the above
synonymy : the follicles are immensely variable in theii- amount of echination, and
the flowers vary from wldte or whitish-green, with or \viti)ont a red blotch at the
base of the lobes, to pale yellowish-green or lurid green with a I'ed blotch at the
base of the lobes.

4. D. barbata, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 274.
Stem tnining, and together with the petioles, peduncles, pedicels and.

Bcemia.] lxxxv. asclepiade.^ (brown). :^89

calyx more or less subhispidulous. Leaves spreading; petiole 1-2 in.
long; blade 1J-2J in. long, j-2 in. broad, cordate-ovate or cordate-
orbicular, acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, more or less pubescent on
both sides ; basal lobes incurved, semiorbicular, with a broad -based
sinus between them. Peduncles sublateral, longer than the leaves;
flowers at first corymbose, the axis gradually lengthening into a long
Taceme, which (including the peduncle) is 2-G in. long; bracts 1-1 1
lin. long, subulate ; pedicels slender, 1-1 J in. long. Sepals J lin. long"
J lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute. Corolla-tube 2^-2^, lin. long
(3 lin. long, Klotzsch), cyhndric ; lobes 2J-3 lin. long, Ij-lf lin. broad,
ovate-lanceolate, acute, bordered with long white intertwined hairs
along the margins within, otherwise glabrous. Outer coroEal -lobes
arising about -h a lin. above the base of the staminal-column, nearly .\
lin. long, oblong, emarginate at the apex; inner coronal-lobes l|
lin. long, fleshy, adnate up to the base of the anthers, with the apical
part free, just exceeding the staminal-column and incumbent on the
■tips of the anthers ; spur very slender, subulate, spreading-deflexed,
-about f lin. long, arising above the middle (1 J lin. above the base) of
the staminal-column.

XMCozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Inhambane, Peters! Britisli
Central Africa : Boruaia, on the Zambesi, Meni/harth, 6-i7 ! Nyasalaud ; belween
Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft , TFhi/te !

28. DIPLOSTIGMA, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 324.

Flowers minute. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate ; lobes over-
lapping, but not twisted in bud. Corona double, affixed to the
staminal-column ; outer corona flattened out and adpressed to the biise
of the corolla, obscurely lobulate ; inner coronal-lobes refracted,
oblong, obtuse, subcarinate down the middle on the back, and accum-
bent on the exterior corona. Style umbonate at the apex, surrounded
by a short 5-lobed cup. — Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 250.
Monotypic, endemic.

1. D. canescens, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C, 324. An
«rect shrublet about 1 J-2 ft. high, woody at the base. Branches erect,
virgate, whitish-puberulous, subtomentose in the upper part. Leaves
not more than 8 lin. long, scarcely Ij lin. broad at the base, sub-
linear, slightly dilated at the truncate base, shortly })etiolate,
puberulous. Flowers few, fasciculate, axillary. Sepals lanceolate,
scarcely J lin. long, puberulous. Corolla 1\ lin. long. StauiinaU
column scarcely i lin. long.— K. Schum. in Engl, .t Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 257.

Mozamb. l>lst. German East Africa: wltliout i)reoi80 locality, Fisrh,r.
Coll. i. 232.

This plant is unknown to me.

390 Lxxxv. ASCLEPIADE.E (brown). [Prosopostelma.

29 PROSOPOSTELMA, Baillon, I]i^t. P]. x. 247.

Flowers almost as in Cynanchum. Calyx short. Corolla rotate ;
lobes nairow, overlapping to the left. Corona of 5 lobes, affixed to
the bottom of the corolla and opposite to the corolla-lobes, broadly
petaloid, emarginate and connivent in a cup. Style depressed at the
apex. — Glabrous twiners. Leaves opposite, cordate. Cymes lateral,
from one axil, shortly pedunculate.- -K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 227.

This genus is unknown to me. Baillon states that there are two species natives
of W. Tropical Africa, but he does not describe or name them. The position of the
petiiloid coronal-lobes opposite to the corolla-lobes is a very marked cl)aracter, and
in this respect it is like Solenostemma, but in all else it seems to be indistinguishable
from Cynanchum. Can it be intended for that form of Cynanchum schistoglossum
in which the corona is divided into 5 euneately-quadrate lobes alternating with the
anthers and therefore opposite to the corolla-lobes ?

30. CYNANCHUM, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 762.

Calyx 5 -partite. Corolla very deeply 5-lobed, rotate or rotate-cam-
panulate ; lobes overlapping to the left and straight or more or less
twisted in bud. Corona arising from the staminal-column near or at
its base, often membranous, annular, cup-shaped or tubular, toothed
or iobed at the top or divided nearly or quite to the base into 5 entire
or toothed lobes, with or without a tooth, lobe, thickening or keels
within the tube in front of each of the principal teeth or lobes^ or on
the inner face or at the base of the lobes when the corona is divided.
Staminal-column arising at or near the base of the corolla ; filament
part varying from almost none to a long slender stipe within the
corona; anther-appendages membranous or slightly fleshy, inflexed
over the apex of the style or connivent or erect around it. Pollen-
masses pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell, affixed in pairs by short
or long caudicles to the pollen-carriers. Style shorter or longer than
the anther-appendages ; apical part truncate, conical, or rostrate.
FoUicles smootli, winged, or setose. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs.
— 'Stem twijiing or erect, leafy, rarely leafless, fleshy. Leaves opposite.
Flowers rather small, in sessile or pedunculate corymbs, racemes or
umbel-like or corymbose cymes, which are subaxillary or lateral
between the bases of the petioles. — Vincetoxicum, Medic, in Act. Acad.
Theod. Palat. vi. Phys. 404; Moench, Method. PI. 717; Benth. et
Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 761. Sarcocyphula, Harv. Thes. Cap. ii. 58. Perian-
thostelnm, Baillon, Hist. PI. x. 247. Schizoslephanus, Hochst. ex
K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 139.
A large cosmopolitan genus.

I have united Schizostephanus with Cynanchum, as I can find no structural
difference between them except in the lengtlj of the filament-part of the staminal-
cohnnn, which, in Schizostephanus, is very long and slender, and appears to be the
only character by which it can be distinguished Irom Cynanchum. A correspond-

Cynanchum.'] lxxxv. asclepiade.-e (brown). 301

ing difference also occurs in Asclepias, so tliat it appears to be a cljaracter of
spt-eific importance only.

Plant with stems and brandies several inches or feet in
length, twinino or straight.
Stems with well de-^eloped leaves.

Leaves linear ]6. C. defuliasrenft.

Leaves obtusely hastate at the base.

Coroua 2 lin. long ; style shorter than the

corona 10. C hastifullum.

Corona 1 lin. long; style longer than the corona 11. C. clavid,',i.s.
Leaves cordate, subtruncate or rounded at the
base
Stems twining, slender, ^-1^ lin. tliiclc.
Corolla-lobes 2-4 lin. long.

Corona with 5 subulate teeth within the

tube in front of its 5 longer teeth . I. C. abyssininnn.
Corona with 5 slightly hooded lobes within
the tube, folded in the bases of tlie

longer teeth 2. C. nwssnnihicense.

Corona with 5 long and 5 short teeth at the
top, without teeth or lobes within i;s
tube.
Petioles 1-2 in. long ; coronal-teeth

erect or recurved . . . .3. C. polyanihum.

Petioles 3-3^ in. long; coronal-teith

strongly inarched . . . . 4. C lonjipes.

Corolla-lobes §-2 lin. long.

Anther-appendages long and narrow, con-
nivent-erect over the conical or terete
apical part of the style.
Peduncles f-l^ in. long . . . 5. C ATannii.

Peduncles 0— j in. long.

Corona tubular, distinctly 10-toothed

at the apex . . . . 6. C. Adali„te.
Corona tubular, 5-lobed or toothed at

the apex 9. C. alfiscar.denf.

Anther-appendages suborbicular or sub-
quadrate, inflexed over the truncate or
dome-shaped apex of the style.
Corolla-lobes 1 lin. long; corona 1^ lin.

long . , . . • .7. C.frafernuw.

Corolla-lobes f-g lin. long; corona

i-§ lin. long . . . . 8. r. sc/nstofjlossuw.

Stems not twining, 2-3 lin. thick in the lowi r
part;.
Corona tubular, 10-toothed, with the alternate

teeth entire or bifid . . . -12. C. validum.

Corona of 5 cuneate trifid lobes . . .13. C. soimtliense.

Stems fleshy, leafless, or with very minute rudinien-

tarv leaves \o. C. sarcostemma-

^ ' toides.

Plant 1-2 in. high, erect, leafless at the time of flow, r-

jnr 14. C. prnros.

39^ Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [^Cynanchum.

1. C. abyssinicum, Dec7ie. in DC. Prod. viii. 548. Stem slender,
twining, shortly hairy, or pubescent along two lines or all round. Leaves
spreading, thin ; petiole ^-1 in. long, pubescent; blade. 1^-3 in. long,
J-1 J in. broad, elongate-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, cordate at
the base, both sides nearly glabrous, ciliolate. Flowers numerous, in short
umbel-like racemes; peduncles J-2 in. long, pubescent or shortly hairy;
bracts 1-3 lin. long, subulate or filiform, pubescent ; pedicels \-h in.
long, pubescent. Sepals l|-2 lin. long, ovate or lanceolate, acute,
pubescent. Corolla |-| in. in diam., rotate ; lobes 2J-4 lin. long, 1-1 J
lin. broad, lanceolate-attenuate, obtuse, with a scattered pubescence on
the back, puberulous within. Corona tubular, toothed at the top, arising
near the base of the staminal-column : tube l-lj lin. long, principal
teeth 5, filiform or subulate, 2-2^ lin. long, with 5 short exceedingly
variable lobes alternating with them, these are subulate, tapering from
the base or deltoid-ovate or abruptly contracted into a short linear
recurved tooth, or 3-4-denticulate ; within the tube are 5 other filiform
or subulate teeth with ovate or deltoid bases, J-| as long as the long teeth
in front of which they arise. Staminal-column scarcely as long as the
coronal-tube ; anther-appendages broadly ovate, obtuse, inflexed or con-
nivent over the convex or subtruncate apex of the style. — Delessert,
Ic. V. 29, t. 69 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 36 ; Vatke in Linn^a, xl.
215; K. Schum. in Engl, cfe Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 251, fig. 73,
A-B, and 253.

Wrile Iiand. Abyssinra : Shoa, Petit ! Arbateenseca, near Ado va, Quartin-
Dillon, and near Kouaieta (Kuayata), Quart in- Dillon (ex Richard). Plain of
Hamedo, Schimper, 940 ? (ex Vatke).

Var. tomeutosum, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bet. ii. 342. Leaves
pubescent above, more or less densely tomeiit^se beneatb. 'J'be flowei-s as in the
type, and tbe corona equally variable. — K. Sclium, in Engl. Pfl. 0.4-Afr. C. 324.
Vincetoxicum Holstii, K. Sebum, in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 135. Cynanchum Holstii,
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afi-. C. 324; and in Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam, iv. ii.
253.

irile Ziand. Abyssinia, Schimper, " No. 793 ? " !

Mozaxnb. 2>lst. German East Africa: Usambara; Mlalo, Hoist, 507!
Kilimanjaro, 5000-7000 ft., Johnston, 177 !, VulTcens, 641 !

2. C. mossambicense, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 324.
Stem slender, twining, pubescent with short spreading hairs. Leaves
spreading, thin ; petioles J-lJ in. long; blade 1-2 in. long, |-lf in.
broad, cordate, acute or obtuse, v/ith a mucro ^^ in. long, quite glabrous,
whitish-green beneath. Umbels 8-12-flowered ; peduncles J-li- in.
long, glabrous or pubescent ; pedicels 3-5 lin. long, glabrous or nearly
so; bracts minute or none. Sepals | lin. long, broadly ovate, acute,
glabrous. Corolla rotate; lobes 2-3 lin. long, | lin. broad, linear-
oblong, obtuse, quite glabrous. Corona tubular, subequally 10-toothed ;
tube 1-1;^ lin. long; teeth filiform, about 1 lin. long, the alternate
ones with a broad ovate complicate base, completely enfolding a short
ovate complicate and slightly hooded subacute lobe, that arises from the
tube and is adnate to it for | of its length. Staminal-column rather

Cynanchum.'] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 393

shorter than the coronal-tube ; anther-appendages linear-subulate,
connivent-erect. Follicles 2-2^ in. long, lanceolate, acuminate, with
one narrow wing on each side, glabrous. — K. Schuin. in Engl, tt
Prantl, Pdanzenfam. iv. ii. 253. C. coniplexurriy N. E. Br. in Kew
Bulletin, 181)5, 25G.

Mozamb. Sist. Portuguese Kast Africft : Shamo, Kirk ! near Muzzaro,
Kirk I ^hupan2:a Poorest, Scott! Chiloane, Scott! Quilliniane, Sfuhlmann, i.
843! British Central Africa: Nyiis;ilaiul ; Shire Valley, abjve the Cat tracts,
Kirk !

3. C. polyanthum, K. Schum. in Engl, d- Prantl, Pjlanzeufam.
iv. ii. 253. Stem twining, more or less pubescent or shortly hairy,
mostly along two lines. Leaves spreading, rather paler beneath, thin ;
petiole 1-2 in. long, shortly hairy ; blade 2-3^ in. long, 1^-2:^ in. broad,
ovate, acute, with a tine point about ^ in. long, cordate, with rounded
lobes and an obtuse sinus between them at the base, glabrous or with
a few scattered hairs above and with scattered hairs beneath, the
veins also pubescent along each side beneath. Umbels pedunculate,
compound, 10-30-flowered; peduncles 1-1| in, long, shortly hairy
along one side or glabrous ; bracts 1-1 J lin. long, subulate; pedicels
<3-10 lin. long, pubescent. Sepals 1 lin. long, ovate, acute, ciliolate.
Corolla-lobes 3-3 i lin. long, linear-lanceolate, apex slightly curved,
obliquely obtuse, glabrous. Corona 2-2^ lin. long, tubular for half
its length, then with 5 long subulate erect or recurved lobes and 5 very
short obtuse entire or bifid teeth alternating with them, but no teetli
or lobes within. Anthers broadly deltoid, subsessile, with orbicular
appendages, connivent around the stout fleshy obtuse apical part of the
style, which is shortly exserted beyond them. — C. mossambicensey
Schlechterin Journ. Bot. 1895, 337, not of K. Schum. C. Wehritschii,
Schlechter & Rendle in Journ. Bot. 189G, 99. C. ohscurum, K. Schum.
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 253 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI.
Welw. i. 688. Vincetoxicum polyanthum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xvii. 13G, notof O. Kunze ; Durand tk Schinz. Etudes Fl. Congo, i.
194.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker, 223 I

Ifflle X.an(l. British East Africa: Kampala, Scott-EUiot, 7294/ r<raiula ;
Usosa villages, Whyte !

Xiower Guinea. Angolo : Golungo Alto; forests of Sobato do Mus-oncue.
Wehoitsch, 4222! 4253! Quilooibo Quiacatubia, U'elwitsch, 4224! and witlioiit
precise locality, Weltvitsch, A2Q0\

Soutb Central. Congo Free State: Moiibultu ; Munzi, Schtceuifurth,
3345 !

4. C. longipes, N. E. Br. in Keio Bulletin, 1S97, 273. Stem
twining, glabrous, with one puberulous line alternating at the nodes.
Leaves spreading, thin; petiole 3-3i in. long, slender; blade
2-3 in. long, lJ-2 in. broad, ovate, shortly acuminate, cordate
at the base,"with a rather deep broad sinus and semi-orbicular lobes,
minutely puberulous on the petiole and veins, otherwise glabrous.

o94 Lxxxv. A^CLEFiADE^ (bkow-n). [Ci/7ianchum.

Umbels or umbel-like cymes laxly 5-12-flowered, pedunculate ;
peduncles 2-6 lin. long, lateral, puberulous on one side ; pedicels
slender, thread-like, J-1 in. long, puberulous. Sepals | lin.
long, J-|. lin. broad, oblong, acute, glabrous. Corolla when in bud
oblong-ovoid, obtuse, with an apiculus, 5-lobed nearly to the base ;
lobes 2| lin. long, | lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, apiculate, quite glabrous
on both sides, not ciliate, apparently green or greenish. Corona twice
as long as the staminal-column, 2 lin. long, tubular, 10-toothed ; 5 of
the teeth about | lin. long, more or less bitid or irregularly toothed at
the apex, the other 5 shorter and narrower, subulate, not toothed at
the apex, all the teeth strongly incurved and forming a dome over the
column, with very narrow fissures between the teeth, no teeth or
appendages within the tube. Staminal-column 1 lin. long ; anthers
subsessile, subquadrate, w^th ovate acute appendages, inflexed over the
truncate apex of the style.

Upper Guinea. Lagos: Pajmlayito, JftVZew, 48 (1895 Coll.) I

5. C. Mannii^ JS". E, Br. Stem twining, slender, glabrous or with
one puberulous line when young. Leaves spreading, thin ; petiole i-1
in. long ; blade lJ-3 in. long, |-1 J in. broad, oblong-ovate on elliptic,
abruptly acuminate, cordate or subsagittate at the base, 5-nerved,
glabrous. Flowers small, in compact umbelliform racemes on slender
lateral peduncles |-1J in. long; bracts very minute ; pedicels 2-3 lin.
long, puberulous on the inner side. Sepals |-|- lin. long, ovate, obtuse,
minutely ciliate. Corolla probably rotate, 5-lobed nearly to the
base ; lobes 1 J-l-o- lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, suberect, glabrous..
Corona 1 lin. long, tubular for half its length, then 10-lobed, the
alternate lobes shorter, channelled and crisped, the larger ones thick
and fleshy, more or less crisped, but channelled only at their base, with
slightly recurving tips. Anther-appendages erect, fleshy, lanceolate,
acute ; overtopping the conical apex of the style and rising to the level
of the shorter lobes of the corona. — C. acuminatum, K. Schum. in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 253 ? Vincetoxicum Mannii^ Scott-
Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. 93. Cynoctonum acuminatum, Benth.
in Hook. Niger Fl. 453 ; Walp. Ann. iii. 52.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Bagiu River, Mann! Bumban to Port
Lokko, Scott-JElliot, 5672 ! near Kabusa, iScotl-Elliot. 5479 I and without preci-e
locality, Don !

The name C. acuminatum is preoccupied, and specimens received from Berlin,
named C. acuminatum by Dr. Schumann, do not belong to this species, but to C.
AdalincB, K. Schum., so that I am uncertain what plant is intejided by C. acumina-
tum, K. Schum., the description given being insufficient. Specimens f rom Cameroons
and French Congo are referred to C. acuminatum, K, Schum., by Schlechter (West-afr.
Kautschuk Exped. 309), some of whreh probably belong to C. Adalince, K. Schum.

6. C. Adalinae, K Schum. in Engl, d' Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
253. A glabrous twiner^ with slender stems. Leaves spreading, thin ;
petiole 1-2 J in. long; blade lJ-4 in. long, f-2 in. broad, oblong-ovate
or elliptic-ovate, cuspidate-acuminate into a blunt mucronulate point,

Cynanchum.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 805

cordate at the base, sometimes with a shallow open sinus, sometimes
with a narrow and deeper sinus, 5-nerved. Umbels or umbel-like
racemes sometimes gessile and pedunculate on the same stem, 10 i^O-
flowered ; peduncles U-3 lin. long; pedicels :^-3 lin. long, slender.
Sepals J lin. long, ovate-oblong, obtuse, minutely ciliolate. Corolla
white, 5-lobed nearly to the base, probably rotate ; lobes U lin. long,
lanceolate, acute. Corona-tube §-1 lin. long, 10-toothed, with ;') of the
teeth longer than the rest and channelled down the face, \-}, lin.
long, acute or denticulate at the apex, the shorter teeth more or less
recurving, or with all the teeth subequal. Staminal-colunin variable ;
anther-appendages long, erect, narrowly lanceolate, sometimes rejicliing
to the tips of the coronal teeth, sometimes much shorter than them
and connivent around the shorter terete or conical-terete or bifid apical
part of the style. — Vincetoxicum Adaliiuv, K. Schum. in En^jl. Jahrb.
xvii. 134.

Upper Guinea. Camoroons: Ambas B^y, Mann, 765 ! Victorisi, Knlhrcyer^
3 ! Batanga, Bates, 186 ! Bipinde, Zenker, 2338 T Efulen, Bates, 210 ! Yuuiidi',
Zenker Sf Staiidt, 426 ! Fernando Po, Mann !

Kower Guinea. Gaboon : near- Adalina, on the River Ogowe, Soiiaux, 277 I
This plant, seems to be very variable in the toothing cf the corona and in tlie
relative height which the stanuMJil-column atta'n^.

7. C. fraternum, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, IHU.J, 25r>. Stem
slender, twining, pubescent on the young parts, becoming glabrous.
Leaves herbaceous, thin ; petiole 2-\^ lin. long ; blade |-2 in. long,
J-1 in. broad, oblong-ovate, acuminate, broadly rounded, subtruncate
or cordate at the base, with a few minute scattered hairs above, gla-
brous beneath. Racemes or corymbs short, somewhat umbel-like, lateral at
the nodes, many-flowered ; peduncle 1—4 lin. long, puberulous ; pedicels
H-4 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals h lin. long, broadly ovate, subacute,
sparsely pubescent. Corolla rotate, 2 J lin. in diam. ; lobes about 1 lin.
long, oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Corona \\ lin. long, 10-toothed, with
5 long linear-subulate teeth alternating with 5 short t^eth \-\ as long ;
tubular part rather more than h Hn. long. Staminal-column shorter
than the coronal-tube ; anther-appendages suborbicular or subquadnite,
more or less toothed at the subtruncate apex, closely in flexed over the
truncate apex of the style, which is not produced beyond them.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia; near Jelajeraiine, ^c/nw/)?r, 1802 I Tigrc or Hegc-
meder, Schimper !

Nearly allied to C. altiseandens, K. Schnni., and C. schist o<] I os sum, Schlcihttr;
fiom the former it may be at once distinguished by the long subulate cnronnl-tot>th
and broad anther-appendages; from the latt3r by the largxr t1o\\e:s and mtuli
longer corona.

8. C. schistoglossum, SchlecJder in Journ. Hot. 1-^I>.'), 271.
Stem twining, pubescent, becoming glabrous. Leaves thin, spreading ;
petiole \-\\ in. long, slender, minutely pubescent down the face; blade
1-3J in. long, J-1 1 in. broad, elongate-oblong or oblong-ovate, acumi-
nate or acute, varying from deeply cordate to snbtrunc:ite at the base,

39G Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (brown). [^Cyiianchum.

with rounded basal lobes, glabrous or with a sparse pubescence on both
sides. Cymes umbel-like, more or less elongating into short racemes as
the flowers develop, sublateral, pedunculate or subsessile, many^
flowered; peduncles 1-4 lin. long, pubescent ; pedicels 1-4 lin. long,
pubescent. Sepals J-| lin. long, ovate, acute or acuminate, pubescent,
ciliate. Corolla 1^-2 lin. in diam., rotate or rotate-campanulate, white
(^Hens), glabrous ; lobes §-f lin. long, ovate or ovate-oblong, subacute.
Corona arising from the base of the stanfiinal-cohimn and about equal-
ling or slightly longer than it, about J-f lin. long, erect, cup-shaped,
exceedingly variable in toothing and cutting ; sometimes very shortly
5-toothed ; sometimes with 5 moderately long teeth of variable form,
entire or bifid at the apex, having 5 minute teeth alternating with
them ; sometimes with 10 filiform teeth in 5 pairs, each pair alterna-
ting with 3 minute teeth ; sometimes divided nearly to the base into 5
cuneately- quadrate lobes alternating with the anthers, produced at the
apical angles into shorter or longer teeth and entire or denticulate
between them ; two or more variations often occur on the same speci-
men ; usually, but not always, there are 2 slight keels within, opposite
each of the 5 principal teeth, or when the corona is divided into quad-
rate lobes there is a slight keel near each margin. Staminal-column
not exceeding the corona ; anther-appendages orbicular, inflexed over the
truncate or dome-shaped apex of the style. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw.
i. 688. C. vaguniy N. E. Br., and C. brevidens and var. zamhesiacum,
N.E.Br, in KewBuUetin, 1895, 257. C.7ninutifJorum,'K. Schum. in Engl.
& Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 252, and in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 12:>.

Ziower Guinea. Lower Congo : Stanley Pool, 900 ft., Hens, H, 77 ! ne ir
Dolo, Schlec/der, 12484 (ex Schlechter) ; Congo, Burton ! Angola : Golungo
Alto ; thickets at the b ise of the momtains of Alto Queta, Welivitsch, 4243 ♦ Ponte
de Felix Simoes, Weftcifsck, 42411 iind without precise locality, If'ehcitsch, b94d\
Huilla ; damp thickets near Lopollo, Welivitsch, 42.51 !

XMozamb. Dlst. Porliignese East Africa: Expedition Island, in the Lower
Zambesi, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; between Kondowe and
Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte !

Also in Natal.

This is one of the most variable Asclepiads, as to its coronal structure, that I
have examined, and when I described C. vagum and C. hrevidens, I had no idea that
two such dissimilar coronas could belong to the same plant ; on subsequently received
specimens, however, I found both ibrms of corona and some other modifications as
well on the same specimen. Usually, within very slight limits of variation, the
corona of each species is very cons'ant in its fonn.

9. C. altiscandens, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 324.
Stem twining, slender, pubescent with spreading hairs, or the youngest
parts minutely puberulous, soon becoming glabrous. Leaves spreading,
less thin than in many species ; petiole 2-9 lin. long; blade ^-2^ in.
long, J-lJ in. broad, ovate, elliptic-ovate, oblong-ovate or oblong,
acute or obtuse, shortly cuspidate or acuminate, rounded or rarely
emarginate at the base, pubescent or glabrous on both sides. Cymes
lateral at the nodes, umbel-like, at length very shortly racemose,
pedunculate, many-flowered ; peduncles li-3 lin. long, pubescent,

Ci/nanchu7)i.] lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). 897

minutely puberulous or nearly glabrous; bracts very minute, acute^
puberulous ; pedicels 2-^ lin. long, pubescent or puberulous. Sepals
about i lin. long, J lin. broad, ovate or oblong-ovate, somewhat obtuse^
pubescent or puberulous. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base, rotate
4 lin. in diam. ; lobes lf-2 lin. long, | lin. broad, oblong or 'oblong-
ovate, subacute, glabrous on both sides, apparently dull greenish.
Corona lJ-1 j lin. long, tubular, shortly 5-lobed or toothed at the apex^
without teeth or lobes inside the tube, white; teeth ^-h lin. long and
rather more in breadth, deltoid or rounded, obtuse or subacute, crenulate
or entire. Staminal-column |-J lin. long ; filament part about | lin. long ;
anther-appendages nearly J lin. lon'j, ^ lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate,'
subobtuse or acute, connivent-erect over the shorter conical fi-angled
apical part of the style. — Schlechter in Journ. Bot., Ib95, 3:37. C.
mensense, Schweinf. ex K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 324 ; and
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 253.

JTile Z.ancl. Eritrea : near Acrour, 6000 ft., Schicexnfurth i- Rivn, 1695 T

Uganda : Usoga, Scott-Elliot, 7227 !

HCozaml). Bist. German East Africa : Usambaia; Kwa Mshuza, Hoist ^
907S ! Kiiiinanjaro ; Marangu, 4900 ft., VolTcens^Vimi Kanigwe ; on ilry hills,
4000-5000 ft., Scott.miiot, 8163 !

This species varies considerably in its pubescence, but the structure of the
flowers is constant.

10. C. hastifolium, iV^. E, Br. in Kew Bulletin, 189."), 257. Stems
twining, slender, woody below, pubescent on the very young shoots and
in the leaf-axils, becoming glabrous. Leaves spreading ; petiole 3 (I
lin. long; blade J-I5 in. long, lJ-3 lin. broad at the middle, 3-7 lin.
broad across the basal lobes, hastate ; front lobe linear-oblong, acute ;
basal lobes oblong or deltoid, very obtuse, broadly cuneate or truncate
at the very base, both sides glabrous. Umbels sessile between the
bases of the petioles on the young shoots, few-flowered; pedicels 2-3
lin. long, puberulous. Sepals 1 lin. long, subulate, puberulous. Corolla
5-lobed almost to the base; lobes 2J-3 lin. long, i— J lin. broad, linear,
acute, glabrous, margins strongly revolute. Corona ari.-ing at the base
of the staminal -column, with a plicate tube Ij lin. long, and lo teeth
§ lin. long, alternating with 10 minute teeth, 5 of the teeth deltoid,
obtuse or subacute, the other 5 filiform, slightly clavate, with 5 pairs of
keels decurrent from them within the tube, opposite the anthei.*;.
Staminal-column reaching to the top of the coronal-tube, shortly stipi-
tate within the corona ; anther-appendages erect, very large, orbicular
or orbicular-quadrate, subtruncate or apiculate. Apical part of the .'^tyle
about as long as the anther-appendages, shorter than the corona, of
equal thickness throughout. — C. hastifoliiim, K. Schum. in Engl. 6:
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 253.

lO'ile Iiand. Eritrea: to the East of Aniba Tuklmn, lUXJ fr , :^. In, ,,:r,n fh
^ Elva, 616 ! Abyssinia : near Jelajenuine, Schimper, 1690 :

1 1 . C. clavidens, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1 805, 25(;. Jiranchea
slender, woody ; bark pale grey, glabrous. Leaves rather siu. nliiu';

398 i.xxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Cynanchum.

petiole 0-8 lin. long ; blade J-1 in. long, about 2 lin. broad at the
middle and :U-J: lin. broad at the base, hastate ; front lobe narrowly
oblong, obtuse ; basal lobes shortly deltoid, obtusely rounded, glabrous
on both sides ; midrib sparsely puberulous beneath. Umbels sessile,
lateral, 5-G-flowered; pedicels '2\-\ lin. long, puberulous. Sepals
J-li lin. long, ovate or lanceolate, acute, puberulous. Corolla rotate,
5-lobed almost to the base; lobes 2 lin. long, J lin. broad, lanceolate,
obtuse, glabrous except for a few minute hairs on the back, margins
more or less revolute. Corona arising at the base of the staminal-
column, tubular, 10-toothed ; tube f lin, long, plicate ; primary teeth
5, thick, clavate, J lin. long, channelled down their face, alternating
with 5 shorter thick recurving teeth ; inside the tube are 5 pairs of
parallel keel-like folds decurrent from the longer teeth. Staminal-
column sessile within the corona, equalling the coronal-tube ; anther-
appendages subquadrate, erect, with spreading tips. Apical part of the
style produced into a beak J lin. long, very slightly tapering, minutely
bilobulate at the top, exserted much beyond the anther-appendages and
exceeding the corona. — K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii, 88.
10*116 Iiand. Somaliland, Boobi, James iSf Thrupp !

12. Co validum, X. E. Br. Stem erect, branching, moderately
stout, glabrous. Leaves spreading ; petiole J-2J in. long ; blade 1^-3 in.
long, 1-2^ in. broad, very broadly ovate, acute, or very shortly cuspidate-
acute, cordate or subcordate a.t the base, with a shallow broad and open
sinus, both sides glabrous. Racemes lateral or sublateral ; peduncles
I in. or more long, glabrous or nearly so; bracts minute; pedicels
2-2i^ lin. long, minutely puberulous on one side. Sepals J-1 lin. long,
ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, subobtuse, glabrous. Corolla
5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 2 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse,
yellow, with a purple base. Corona \\ lin. long, tubular for 1 lin. of its
length, then equally 10-toothed ; tube plicate ; teeth deltoid-lanceolate,
acute, entire, or the alternate more or less deeply bifid. Staminal-column
1 lin. long, with the stipitate part f lin. long. Pollen-carriers broad,
flattened, shield-shaped, incumbent on the sloping angles of the trun-
cate apical part of the style. — Schizostephanus alatus, Hochst. ex K.
Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 139, t. 6, figs. K-Q, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr.
C. 324, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 254.

wile Iiand. P]ritrea : near Acrour, 6000 ft., Schweinfnrfh Sf S'va, 16S8 !
Abyssinia : .Jelajeraniie district, on mountains near Mai Mezano, Schimper, 1687 !
XMCozamt). Slst. German East Africa : without precise locality, Fischer, 391.

13. Co somaliense, N. E. Br. Stem puberulous. Leaves
ascending or spreading; petiole 1^-2 in. long; blade lJ-3 in. long,
1 j-2J in. broad, broadly cordate-ovate, very obtuse or retuse, minutely
apiculate, with a broad open and shallow basal sinus, with a few
minute hairs scattered along the veins and on the surface on both sides,
minutely ciliate. Racemes shorter than the leaves ; peduncles f-l^ in.
long, puberulous ; flowers solitary or in pairs, rather distant; bracts
minute; pedicels 1-1 J lin. long, puberulous. Sepals l-lj lin. long.

■Cynanchum.] Lxxxv. asclepiade.*: (brown). 3li9

lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or acute, slightly puberulous or glabrous.
Corolla rotate, 4-41 Hn. in diam. ; lobes Ij lin. lon<r; 1 lin. broad,
oblong, subobtuse, saccate just below the apex, witli sUorigly revohite
margins and the whole lobe slightly twisted when fully expanded,
glabrous. Corona divided to the base into 5 broad cuneate lobes
]l lin. long, trifid to J of the way down; teeth erjual, the lateral
linear-subulate, divergent; middle tooth deltoid-ovate, acute; inner
face of the lobe with two parallel keels down the middle and two
oblique keels from the lateral teeth joining them at a little below the
middle. Staminal-column 1 J lin. long, the stipitate part l liu. long.
Pollen- carriers very narrow, &\\hQv%ct.~SchizostephauHS souialiensis,
N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 250; K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot.
Roma, vii. 88.

irile Ziand. SomaUland: Boohi, James <^ Thruj)p .'

14. C. praecox, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1902, 250. Plant very
small, probably wich a tuberous rootstock, 1-1 1- in. high, formitjg
*' little tufts close to the ground, no leaves at the time of flowering "
(Band). In the type the single stem is about j lin. thick, pubescent,
bearing a few ovate acute pubescent scale-leaves |-1 lin. long, J-5 lin.
broad, and is cymosely divided at the top into a dense cluster of sessile
or pedunculate cymes, forming a head of flowers about j in. in diam. ;
pedicels l|^-3 lin. long, puberulous with minute curved hairs. Sepals
about 1 lin. long, J lin. broad, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute,
puberulous on the back. Corolla deeply lobed, campanulate, quite
glabrous; tube | lin. long; lobes Ij lin. long, §-| lin. broad, oblong,
obtuse, margins recurved. Corona 1 J lin. long, 10-lobed to about half-
way down, without lobes or appendages within, glabrous ; tube j; lin.
long ; longer lobes §-f lin. long, linear-oblong, obtuse, margins incurved;
shorter lobes J-J lin. long, ovate, obtuse, plicate. Staminal-column
J Hn. long; anther-appendages elliptic, subacute, ascending mid
adpressed to the sides of the shortly conical style -apex, which
slightly exceeds them.

Mozamb. 3>ist. Rhodesia: Salisbury district, in the valley of the Hivt-r
Mazoe, Hand, 512 !

15. C. sarcostemmatoides, K. Schum. in Enyl. PjL Ost-A/r.
C. o2o. Stem twining, succulent, leafless or with minute .sessile ovat^^
rudimentary leaves \ lin. long, glabrous, very similar to that of
tSarcosteinma viminale but more slender, f-1 i lin. thick. Flowere few or
several, umbellate on short sublateral tubercles, which elongate to J in.
and become densely covered with the contiguous spirals of scars of
fallen flowers; pedicels 1-2 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals j- J lin. long,
ovate, acute, glabrous. Corolla rotate, about 2i lin. in diam., .'»-lol)ed
nearly to the base; lobes 1 lin. long, oblong-ovate, acute, glabrous.
Corona arising from the base of the staminal-column and as long ;us it,
J lin. long, campanulate, 5-toothed ; teeth shortly ovate or oblong,
inflexed over the backs of the anthers, with decuirent keels from their
margins within the tube; corona below the keels attached to the

400 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). \C ynauchum.

staminal-column by 5 short septa. Anther-appendages broad and
rounded, inflexed over the margin of the truncate style-apex. Follicles
solitary (always?) 2 in. long, 3-3J lin. thick, terete, acuminate, smooth,
glabrous. Seeds flattened, \ in. long, ovate, softly pubescent on both
sides. — C. sarcostemmoides, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 252. Sarcostemma aphyllum, R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 50,
partly ; Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 538 ; K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl,
Pdanzenfam. iv. ii. 25G. Asclepias a2^hylla, Thnnb. Fl. Cap. ed Schult.
234 partly, as confirmed by one of the three specimens in his herbarium.
ISarcostemma tetrapterum, Turcz., and Monostemma tetrajyterum, Turcz.,
(k M. aphyllum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. 1848, i. 255. Sarcocyphula
Gerrardi, Harv. Thes. Cap. ii. 58, t. 101.

IMCozamb. I>ist. Zanzibiir, KirTc / Namiqua Island, Kid ton I German
East Africa : Usambara, Amboni, Hoist, 2706 ! Pare Mountains, Volkens, 2375.
Purtujruese East Africa : by tlie River Zambesi, opposite Sena, Kirk, 102 !

Also in South Africa.

Vineetoxicinn sarcostemmoides, Schweinf. ex Penzig in Atti del Congr. Bot.
Interna/. 1892, .349, from hills to the south of Geleb, in Eritrea, may belong here,
but there is no description.

Imperfectly known species.

K). C. defoliascens, K. Schum in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii.
38. A shrub; stem 2-|-4J lin. thick; branches slender, flexuose,
glabrous, becoming leafless. Leaves |-2 in. long, scarcely exceed-
ing 1 lin. in breadth, linear, acute, narrowed at the base into a
very short petiole, recurved along the margins, somewhat fleshy,,
glabrous. Umbels pedunculate, few-flowered ; peduncle about 4^- lin.
long, filiform, glabrous; pedicels 1-2|^ lin. long, slender, glabrous.
Sepals 1 lin. long, subulate, glabrous. Corolla about 2 lin. in diam.,
rotate, glabrous, whitish -green. Coronal-lobes about J lin. long, free
nearly to the base, spathulate, a little shorter than the staminal-
column, which is J lin. long.

irile Ziand. Somaliland : on a dry plain, near Mandah, Robecchi-Bricchelt i
110.

Fi-om tbe de?crii)tion I very much doubt if this plant, which I have not seen,
belongs to the genus Cynanchum.

17. C. Dewevrei, De Wild, cb Durand, Conirib. Fl. Congo, i. ii. 42.
Stem twining, terete, tomentose. Leaves petiolate ; petiole J-l-o in. long,
slender, pilose; blade 1-3J in. long, ^-Ij in. broad, oblong-lanceolate,
acute, cordate at the base, subentire, thinly pubescent above, toinentose
beneath. Inflorescence from one axil (sublateral ?), umbellate or race-
mose, many-flowered ; peduncles shorter or slightly longer than the
petioles, velvety ; pedicels 1 J-2J lin. long, slender, velvety ; bracts
minute, shorter than the pedicels, linear, pilose. Sepals about h lin.
long, triangular-subulate, pilose. Corolla rotate, about 1 lin. long,
divided almost to the base into 5 oblong lanceolate lobes, glabrous on

Cynanchum.] lxxxv. asclepiade.*: (buown). 4Ul

both sides. Corona 5-lobed ; lobes rounded, undulate, but prolonged at
the middle. — De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. 15:).

South Central. Congo Free State : Mwanaim-Toumbwc, DeMJei-rf, 904, m-i.r
KabangH, Deiverre, 976 a.

Stated to be allied to C.minutijlorum, K. Scliuin., but differing in tbe fonn of
the coronal-lobes. It seems from the description to be very similar to that form of
C. schistoglossum, which I originally described under the name of C. hrevidem.

18. C. heteromorphum, Vatke in Linmm, xl. 2ir». A glabrous
twiner. Leaves spreading; petiole 5-7 lin. long; blade lJ-2 in. long,
and up to I in. broad, ovate and acuminate or elliptic and acute, very
variable, but all very broad near the base, which is more or less cordate,
subrounded, or subauriculate. Peduncles rather shorter than the
petioles, several- flowered, puberulous, as are also the pedicels and calyx.
Corolla-lobes ovate, somewhat obtuse, minutel}' papillose within. Corona
with acute lobes, furnished within sometimes with elongated ligules of
the form of those of C. acutum, or sometimes with shorter, and broader
ligules somewhat like the exterior ones.

Xrile ILand. Abyssinia : Plain of Hamedo, Schimper, 940.

19. C. pleianthuxn, K. &chum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii.
39. A perennial herb or shrub; branches slender, herbaceous an<I
twining in the upper part. Leaves petiolate, herbaceous; petiole
5-14: lin. long, pubescent with somewhat reddish hairs ; blade l--'^ in.
long, oblong or ovate-oblong, shortly and very acutely acuminate,
broadly cordate at the base, pilose-pubescent on both sides, ciliolate,
paler beneath. Umbels simple or 2 to several times forked, peduncu-
late ; peduncle -ij-'J Hn. long, minutely puberulous ; pedicels '2-'.\ lin.
long, minutely puberulous. Sepals J lin. long, oblong, acute, sub-
glabrous. Corolla 1| lin. in diam. Corona 5-lobed, as long as the
staminal-column, h lin. long ; lobes ovate-triangular, acute. StyJe-
apex slightly umbonate, somewhat 5-lobed.

larile Iiand. Somaliland : marshy places in Panure di Savati, Biva, loSS.

20. C. dentatum, K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Hot. Roma, vii. 39.
A perennial woody herb, probably climbing above, subtomento>e on the
young parts, afterwards glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, herbaceous;
petiole 4-7 lin. long; blade |-2 in. long, ^-1/- in. broad in thf basal
part, ovate or ovate-oblong, acute, cordate at the base, minutely
puberulous on both sides, ciliolate. Racemes axillary, few-flowered ;
peduncle up to 4i lin. long, puberulous. Sepals J lin. long, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous. Corolla about 3 lin. in diam. ; lobes
obtuse. Coronal-lobes 1 J lin. long, free nearly to the base, cuneate,
3-toothed, a little longer than the staminal-column, which is contracted
under the anthers into a stipe J lin. long.

Wrile Ziand. Somnliland : in dry wooded places between Sas-aber and
Carbaden, Riva, 844.

402 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (brown). [C ynanchum .

21. C micro St egium, K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Eoma, vii. 39.
A divaricately much branched shrub, sometimes climbing ; branches
slender, soon becoming woody, glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous; petiole 1^-2 lin. long; blade 7-9 J lin. long,
1-2^ lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, cuneate or somewhat
rounded at the base, slightly marginate. Umbels pedunculate, 4-5-
flowered ; peduncle 4-5 lin. long, minutely pubescent ; pedicels 1 J~2 lin.
long, minutely pubescent. Sepals h lin. long, triangular, glabrous.
Corolla 1 lin. long, carmine. Coronal-lobes not more than J lin. long,
ligulate, acute. Follicles 2 in. long, nearly 2 lin. thick, narrow,
acuminate.

ITile Xaand. Somalildnd, Riva.

I liace not seen this plant, but from the description suspect it will prove to be a
species of Secanitone.

:n. SOIiENOSTEMMA, Hayne; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. 749.

Ciilyx 5-partite. Corolla deeply 5-lobed; lobes stellately spreading,
narrow, overlapping to the left in bud, scarcely twisted. Corona
arising from the angle between the corolla and the base of the staminal-
column, cup-shaped, 5-lobed; lobes induplicate-cucuUate, opposite the
corolla-lobes. Staminal-column arising near the bottom of the corolla,
nearly as long as the corolla-lobes, clavate, the filament portion slender
and longer than the corona ; anthers oblong, tipped with a membranous
appendage, which is inflexed over the style-apex. Pollen-masses
pendulous, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by flexuous caudicles.
Style not produced beyond the anther-tips, slightly convex at the apex.
Follicles stout, ovoid-lanceolate, beaked, smooth. Seeds turgid, crowned
with a tuft of hairs. — An erect plant, with woody stems, opposite
leaves, and sublateral cymes of moderate sized flowers.

Spt-cies 1, extending through Egypt into Arabia. It is very closely allied to
Cynanchum, and should, perhaps, be united with that genus ; the chief diif erence
being that the lobes of the corona are placed opjwsite to the corolla-lobes, and the
filatiieiit part of the staminal-column is long, slender and exserted from- the corona.

1. S. Argel, Hayne, Arzneyh. Gewdclise, ix. t. 38. Stems her-
baceous, erect, 1^-2 ft. high, branching, very minutely downy, leafy.
Leaves longer than the internodes, ascending ; petiole 1-2 lin. long ;
blade 1-1 J in. long, J— | in. broad, thick and rigidly coriaceous when
dry, probably fleshy when alive, varying from lanceolate to oblong-
ovate, acute or subacute, cuneate at the base, minutely downy on both
sides ; midrib flat above, prominent beneath ; veins indistinct. Cymes
axillary, 1^—2 in. long (including the J-J in. long peduncles), 11^-2 in.
in diam., densely marfy-flowered, minutely downy ; bracts '2-6 lin. long,
J-J lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long. Sepals
2 lin. long, J lin; broad, oblong, acute, minutely downy. Corolla-tube
1 lin. long; lobes 2J-3 lin. long, | lin. broad, narrowly oblong, obtuse,

Solenostemma.'] Lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 4();j

spreading, white, glabrous or with a few scattered bairs on the buck.
Corona J as long as the corolla-lobes, submembranous, cup-shaped,
obtusely 5-lobed to half-way down, and infolded at the sinuses between'
the lobes, which are deeply concave-hooded, from their margins being
inflexed so as to meet or nearly so. Staminal-column 'l-2h lin. long,
clavate, the part formed by the filaments very slender, as lung as the
anthers and exceeding the corona. Follicles solitary (always?), 2 in.
loDg, 7J-1) lin. thick, ovoid-lanceolate, acuminate. Seeds turgid, ovoid,
channelled down one face, minutely tuberculate, crowned with white
hairs. — Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 5?>8 ; Schweinf. PI. Nilot. 2!); K.
Schum. in Engl, tk Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 22;3, fig. ('..'), S-T.
Cynanchitm Argel, Delile in Mem. Egypte, iii.319; and Fl. Egypte,
197 (Reprint, 5o), t. 20, fig. 2. Cynanchum olecefolium, Nectoux^^Voy.
Egypte, 20, t. 3. Argelia JJelilii, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser. ix. iV6 1 ,
t. 11, fig. G.

Wile Iiand. Nubia: Wady Arab, between Suakin and Berber, ScJurfinfurth,
670 ! aloiicr tlie Nile between Wady Haifa and New Dongola, Bromfiehl ! Kor.lofan
Ffund, 218!

Also in Egypt and Arabia.

32. TYLOPHOROPSIS, K E. Br. in Gard. Chron. ]S04, xvi. 24:>.

Calyx 5-lobed almost to the base. Corolla deeply 5-lobed. rotate or
rotate-campanulate ; lobes overlapping to the left in bud. Corona of
5 fleshy tubercles adnate to the lower half of the staminal-coUimn,
alternating with the corolla-lobes, usually having 5 very minute teeth
alternating with them (and with the anthers) at the base of the
column, representing a rudimentary outer corona. Staminal -column
arising just above the base of the corolla; anthers erect, short and
broad, obtuse, with an inflexed membranous appendage at tlieir apex.
Pollen-masses pendulous, solitary in each anther-cell, attached in pairs
to the pollen-carriers by horizontal caudicles. Style not produced
beyond the anther-tips. Follicles smooth; seeds crowned with a tuft
of hairs. — Perennials with twining stems, opposite leaves, and the
peduncles lateral between the bases of the petioles, bearing two or
more sessile umbel-like cymes racemosely scattered alcJng them, flowers
small.

Species 2, one a native of Arabia. This genus resembles Tylophora in every-
thing except that the pollen-masses are distinctly pendulous and have much stouter
and very different caudicles.

1. T. heterophylla, N. E.Br, in Gard. Chron. 1804, xvi. 24 T).
Stems more or less twining, slender, pubescent, apparently not attain-
ing a greater height than 2-3 ft. Leaves spreading; petiole 1 lin.
to 1^ in. long; blade J-2J in. long, 4-14 lin. broad, ovate or oblong-
ovate, obtuse, subacute or acuminate, subtruncjite to sliglitly cordate
at the base, glabrous above, sparsely covered with spreading hairs on
the veins beneath, and ciliate on the more or less recurved margins ;

404 Lxxxv. ASCLEPIADE.E (brown). [Tylojjhoropsis,

peduncles J-1 J in. long, pubescent, bearing 1-2, 4-9-flowered umbel-
like cymes ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long, more or less pubescent. Sepal?
^ lin. long, broadly ovate, acute, glabvous, ciliate. Corolla 5-lobed
nearly to the base, probably rotate; lobes 2-2)2 ^^^- ^^^Sy oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse and somewhat cochleate at the apex, glabrous out-
side, puberulous inside, with one margin glabrous. Corona of 5 oblong
fleshy gibbosities on the basal- half of the staminal-column, and with
or without 5 very minute lobules alternating with them at the base of
the column, where they are connected in a ring. Anther-tips inflexed
over the 5-rayed dilated part of the style, the apex of which is slightly
raised into a button-shaped knob having a depressed line across it and
not exceeding the level of the anther-tips. — Hook. le. PI. t. 2373 ;
K. Schum. in Engl. &, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 255. Tylopkora
heterophylla, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 41, t. 71 ; Walp. Ann. iii. 61 ;
Penzig in Atti del Congr. Bot. Internaz., 1892, 349. Vincetoxicum
heteroph{jlhom,Y2it'ke in Linn^ea, xl. 212; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop.
Afr. 342. Gymnema longepedunculata^ Schweinf . in Hohnel, Rudolph-See
und Stephanie-See, Sonderabdr. 8 : K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr.
C. 325. Sjyhcerocodon longipeduncidata, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-
Afr. C. 326, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 285. Tylophora
longipedunculata, Schleohter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 338.

zrile Itand. Eritrea : by the River Anseba, the torrent Aibaba, in the Valley
of Belta and at Geleb, Penzig (ex Penzig). Abyssinia : Tigre ; Mount Semayata
9300 ft., Schimper, 471 (ex Vatke) ; Wojerat; Mount Goumassa, 8000 ft., Fetii (ex
Richard) ; and without precise locality, Schimper, 394 ! 833 ! Uganda : Ruwcn-
zori ; Butagu, in forest, 8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7973 ! Without locality, Rohnel.

Mozaxnb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; above Marangu, 9100ft.,

Volkens, 1884 !

The flowers appear to be of a dark purple-brown, with a whitish pubescence
inside.

33. TYLOPHORA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 770.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla very deeply 5-lobed, rotate or rotate-
campanulate ; lobes more or less overlapping to the left, and. sometimes-
twisted in bud. Corona of 5 small or minute tubercles, adnate to or
ladiating from the filament part of the staminal-column and arising^
near to or at its base. Staminal-column arising from the base of the
corolla ; anthers erect, opening by crescent-shaped transverse slits,,
tipped with a small membranous appendage which is often reduced to a
mere hyaline margin, their fertile part seated in slight cavities under
the margin of the dilated apex of the style. Pollen-masses very minute,
erect, suberect, or horizontal, attached by their middle or near their
base to very slender caudicles, by which they are aflSixed in pairs to the
pollen-carriers. Style pentagonal or 5-lobed at the depressed, flattened'
or convex apex, rarely slightly exceeding the anthers. Follicles smooth,
sometimes winged. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Twining or
erect perennials. Leaves opposite, petiolate. Inflorescence sublateral

Tylophora.']

LXXXV. ASCLKPIADE.E (bROWN).

4(>5

between the bases of the petioles or axillary, usually consisting of
slender, simple or branched cymes of flower-clusters or short racemes,
or occasionally the flower-clusters are sessile at the nodes of the stem ;
flowers usually small.

Species many, widely distributed in tlie tropical and subtropical regions of the
Old World.

In some species I have failed to find any caudicles to the pollen-masses ; they
are always very slender. I have not found the pollen-masses pendulous as rejir©-
sented in Engler & Pmntl, Ptlanzenfinn., but frequently their longer axis lies hori-
zontally in the anther-cell so that haJf of the mass is above and half belo^v its
attachment to the caudicle.

Stem erect 10. T. orthocaulis.

Stem twining.

Leaves more or less cordate at the base. (See also

T. anfracta, in which the leaves are sometimes

cordate at the base.)

Corolla-lobes 2-2i lin. lonj^: and as much \\\

breadth.

Starainal-column widened at the base ; coronal-

tubeicles entirely adnate, ovoid . . .1. T.conspicna.

Staminal-column not widened at the base;
coronal-tubercles minute, radiating, Hat
above, convex beneath . . . . 2. T.

Corolla-lobes f-1 lin. long, longer than broad.
Cyme-branches glabrous.

Leaves subcoriaceous, drying brownish . . 3.

Leaves thin, drying green . . . .4.

Cyme-branches pubescent ; leaves thin , . 5.
Leaves rounded or cuneate at the base.

Flower-clusters or very short racemes scattered
along the axis of the inflorescence or its
branches ; corolla-lobes 1^-2 lin, long, not
linear.
Leaves 2— 4i in. long ; pedicels 3-5i lin. long,
slendex", bnfc scarcely hair-like.
Inflorescence 2-3 in, long, not zigzag ; corolla

about 3 lin. in. dlam. . . . .6.

Inflorescence 6-7 in. or more long, zigzag ;

corolla 4^-5 lin. in diam, . . .7.

Leaves 1-li in. long ; pedicels 6-8 lin. long,

hair-like ....... 8.

Flower-clusters sessile at the nodes of the stem ;

corolla-lobes 2h lin. long, lii»ear . . .9.

data.

T. cameroonica.
T. apicidata.
T. si/lvatica.

T. ohlo)iga.

T. anfracta.

T. tenuipedunculata.

T. steyioloha.

1. T,' conspicua, JS'. E.Br, in Kew IhdUtin, 180"), 'i:^X. A large
clim.ber. Stem hollow, finely pubescent. Leaves spreading; petiole
|-2f in. long, tomentose ; blade 'I^-l in. long, Ij-^^i in. broad, oblong
or obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate or cuspidate, cordate at t)ie base,
pubescent on the principal veins on both sides, otherwi.se glabrous;
basal lobes broadly rounded, separated by a sinus J-J in. ileep.
Inflorescence lateral at the nodes or subaxillary, 1 i-:5 in. long, piibf'^-
<;ent, consisting of a simple axis bearing 2-8 ascending, denselv s.'veral-

VOL. IV.

400 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (browx). [Tijlophova^

flowered racemes, \-\ in. long and |— J in. distant ; pedicels 3-4 lin.
long, pubescent. Sepals 2 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, pubescent,,
minutely ciliate. Corolla rotate, 7-8 lin. in diam., o-lobed to rather
more than half-way down, apparently dark purple-brown ; lobes 2\ lin.
long and the same in breadth, obliquely orbicular-oblong, very obtusely
rounded, with a fold at the apex. Coronal-tubercles stout, ovoid,
arising J lin. above the widened base of the 1 lin. long staminal-column,
reaching to the base of the anthers and entirely adnate, dark coloured
iti the dried state. Anthers erect, subtruncate, scarcely appendaged..
Style depressed a little below the anthers at the apex, with a convex
tubercle in the centre. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. G91.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Aburi, Johnson !

ZiO\<rer Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto ; forests of Sobato Mussengue and
near Sange, WelwiUch, 4212 ! 4213 ! 4214 ! forests by tlie Kiver Delambo.i, Wei-
witsch, 4215 ! and without precise locality, Welicitsch^ 4216 !

When I first described this I had only seen very young inflorescences, where the
fiowers appeared to be subumbellate on the briinches of the cyme, but later, the
branches elongate and the flowers become racemose. The flowers, according to
Johnson, are dark and have a disagreeable odour.

2. T. oculata, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 112. Stem
twining, slender, glabrous. Leaves spreading ; petiole 4-7 lin. long ;
blade 2-3 J in. long, 10-15 lin. broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, acuminate,
cordate with small rounded lobes at the base, glabrous on both sides,
except for a minute pubescence along the upper side of the midrib
and petiole. Inflorescence axillary, sometimes from both axils of the
leaf-pairs, 2-3 in. long, simple or more usually dichotomously
2-branched 2-3 lin. above the base, unbranched part thinly and very
minutely pubescent; branches lJ-3 in. long, glabrous, each bearing
2 umbel-like flower-clusters, J-l:j in. distant, the lower one sometimes
shortly pedunculate ; bracts minute, broadly ovate, with a border of
minute white hairs; pedicels 4-7 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals about
J lin. long and broad, deltoid-ovate, subacute, minutely ciliate. Corolla
J in. in diam., rotate, pale greenish, with a purple ring around the
staminal-colunin ; lobes about 2 lin. long and the same in breadth,
obliquely oblong, shortly lacerate-fimbriate at the apex, more or less
recurving along the margins, glabrous. Coronal-tubercles radiately
spreading from a little above the base of the staminal-column, \ lin.
long and broad, fleshy, subquadrate, flat above, very convex beneath,
obtusely rounded at the apex, dark purple. Staminal-column not
widened at the base, about J lin. long; anthers broader than long,
rounded, faintly purplish, with a^ narrow hyaline margin. Style
exceeding the anthers, pyramidally convex at the' apical part, very
pale greenish.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Scott-Elliot !

Described from a living plant cultivated at Kew, which was raised from seed,
brought from Sierra Leone by Mr. Scott-Elliot in 1892.

Tylophora.'] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (buowx). 407

3. T. cameroonica, X. E. Br. in Kevj Bulletin, 1895, 258. A
vigorous climber, with a hollow glabrous stem. Leaves apparently
slightly fleshy ; petiole j-1 J in. long ; blade 3-5 J in. long, 2-3 in, broad,
ovate to elliptic-ovate, rather abruptly cuspidate-acuminate, cordate,
with a shallow broadly open sinus at the base, glabrous ; only the
primary veins visible on the underside. Flowers in small clusters or
very short racemes scattered along the branches of lateral snl)sessile
or shortly pedunculate lax cymes, whidi have 3 primary branches that
are again once or twice trichotomously or dichotomously divided, the
whole cyme having a spread of 4-5 in. with a height of 2-3 in., at tirbt
minutely rusty-puberulous, becoming glabrous; pedicels lA-2 lin.
long, puberulous. Sepals l-^ lin. long, lanceolate, acute, glabrous.
Corolla rotate, 2J lin. in diam. ; lobes 1 lin. long, rj in. broad, ovato, sub-
obtuse, ciliolate along one margin. Coronal-tubercles fleshy, transversely-
oblong, radiating from the base of the \ lin. long staminnl-coUunn,
with their upper face sloping nearly up to the base of the anthers, dark
coloured in the dried state.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Kio del Key, Johnston!

4. T. apiculata, K. Schnm. in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 325. Stem
twining, slender, perfectly glabrous. Leaves on rather long petioles,
ovate, broadly elliptic, or suborbiculate, acute or often obtuse or retuse,
apiculate, cordate at the base, membranous, dark green, glabi-ous.
Panicle composed of a few alternating fascicles ; pedicels li-- lii^^- ^o"c>
very slender, glabrous ; flowers 1 lin. long. Sepals scarcely h lin. long,
green, glabrous. Corolla rotate, 2 lin. in diam., glabrous; lobes
I lin. long, elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Coronal-tubercles minute, arising
a little above the base of the J lin. long staminal-column.

IVIozanib. Dlst. East German Africa : Pang-ani, Sluhlniann, Coll. i. 818
(884 ! oil the label seen).

I have only seen a single leaf 2 in. long and 1^ in. broad, aiul a few rto\M;s ( t"
this plant.

5. T. sylvatica, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Xat. 2 ser. ix. 273. Stem
twining, slender, with two puberulous lines. Leaves spreading ; petiole
i-2 in. long; blade l-|-6 in. long, 1-3] in. broad, oblong, ovate- or
elliptic-cordate, acuminate, acute, or shortly and abruptly apiculate-
cuspidate, glabrous, slightly pubescent along the midrib and nerves
above and down the face of the petiole. Inflorescence sublateral at the
nodes, 4-6 in. long, pedunculate, simple or branched, minutely
pubescent, bearing several sessile clusters of small brownish-purple
flowers racemosely scattered along it, ]-j in. distant; pedicels i' ;5
lin. long, pubescent. Sepals \-\ lin. long, ovate, acute or subobtnse.
puberulous. Corolla rotate, purplish, li-2 lin. in diam., 5-lobed nejuly
to the base; lobes |-1 lin. long, oblong^ obtuse or subacute, glabrous.
Coronal-tubercles transverse, arising near the base of the barely A lin.
long staminal-column, dark coloured in the dried st-;ite. Follicles
2J-3-1- in. long, lanceolate, acuminate, smooth and glabrou.^. Seeds
4^ lin. long, l| lin. broad, elongate-ovate, concave on one face, convex

408 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.^ (brown). \Tijloxihora.

on the other, with a winged margin, toothed at the broad end, both
sides with a minute tufted pubescence, light brown. — DC. Prod. viii.
610 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 455 ; K. Schum.- in Bull. Soc. Bot,
Belg. XXX vii. 123 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. G91, T. silvatica,
K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 325; Schlechter, Westafr.
Kautschuk-Exped. 309 ; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 28G, and
283, fig. 85, 0-P, the pollen incorrectly represented as pendulous.

X?pper Guinea. Senegainbia (816! from Paris Herbarium, collector not
stated). Sierra Leone : near Falaba, Scott-Elliot, 5455 ! Liberia : Cape Palma«,
Vogel, 3 ! Gold Coast : Aburi Gardens, Johnson, 770 ! Tojro : Mi^all6he,
Baumann, hll\ Lagos: Me, Millen, IQQ ! \niev\oT, Rotoland ! by the river at
Odo Onon, Doivodu, 173! Niger Territory: Jeba and Nupe, Barter, 1321 ! Biver
l:<snn, Mann, 479 1 Akassa, Everett Button, 2'd\ Cameroons : Batanga district,
near Bapu, Bates, 197 ! Fernando Po, Vogel, 237 !

XiO't^er Cruiaea. Lower Congo : Bingiia, Dupuis (ex Schumann). Angola :
Golungo Alto ; near Sancbes, Wehoitsch, 4280 ! Sange district, Welwitsch, 4231 !

Soutb Ceatrai. Congo Free State : near Coquilbatville, Schlechter, 12610
(ex Schlechter).

ZWEosatnb. £ist. German East Africa, see Engler Pilanzenw. Ost-Afr. Tli. C,
32o, no localities or collectors quoted.

Occurs also in Madagascar, but T have not seen it from intermediate localities.
Probably T. bojeriana, Deoaisiie in DC. Prod. viii. 607, is this species.

6. T. oblanga, IV. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 257. A slender
twiner, glabrous in all parts. Leaves spreading or somewhat defiexed ;
petiole ^-| in. long ; blade 2J-3 in. long, 1-1 f in. broad, oblong to
elliptic-obovate, shortly cuspidate-acuminate, rather broadly cuneate or
cuneateiy rounded at the base. Inflorescence lateral or sublateral,
consisting of a simple axis 2-3 in. long, bearing 3-4 distant sessile
sevei^al-flovvered racemes 1 -i-3 lin. long scattered along it ; pedicels 3-4
lin. long, slender. Sepals |-J lin. long, ovate, acute, more or less
slightly cilioiate. Corolla rotate, about 3 lin. in diam., white ; lobes
1^ lin. long, 1 lin. broad, oblong, obliquely produced on one side in the
upper part, very broadly rounded and minutely fimbriate-laciniate on
one side at the apex. Coronal-tubercies minute, spreading from the
base of the J lin. long staminal-coiumn, transverse, broadly rounded,
fleshy, flattened above, very convex beneath, dark coloured in the dried
state. Style truncate, with 5 decurved rays at its apex. Follicles
3 in. long, J- in. thick, lanceolate, acuminate, winged on each side,
smooth and glabrous. Seeds (unripe) elongate- ovate, winged, concavo-
convex, minutely tuberculate on both sides.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann, 277 I

By some error the diameter of the corolla as stated in my original description is
too great.

7. T. anfracta, X. E. Br. Stem twining, about 1 lin. thick,
glabrous. Leaves glabrous : petiole J-| in. long ; blade lf-4i in. long,
1 J-2| in. broad, elliptic, rather abruptly and shortly acuminate to a
very acute point, usually rounded or sometimes cordate at the Tase.

Tylophora.'] Lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 400

Axis (or branch ?) of the inflorescence G-7 in. or more long, zigzag,
with internodes J-lJ in. long, glabrous, bearing in-12 several-
fiowerecl racemes l|-2 lin. long, scattered along it ; pedicels 4-;')^^
lin. long, very slender, thickened at the apex. Sepals i-5 lin. long",
\ lin. broad, broadly ovate, acute, glabrous, sparsely and most minutely
ciliate. Corolla rotate, about 4|-5 lin. in diam., lobed to about hulf-
way from the margin ; lobes 1-^'lin. long, 1|-1| lin. broad, obliquely
produced on one side, very broadly rounded. Coronal-tubercles seated
near the base of the staminal-coiumn, horizontally projecting for about
I lin., convex above, concave beneath, rounded. Staminal-column J
lin. long, constricted under the anthers, 5~grooved ; a other- appendage*;
thick and fleshy, broadly transversely oblong, very obtuse, erect, over-
topping the pentagonal style-apex, which is depressed and bears a small
central tubercle.

Upper Cruinea. Camerooiis: Bipinde, Zenker, 1823 !

8. T. teuuipedunculata, K. Schum.. in Enyl. Jahrh. xvii. 144.
A very slender twiner, glabrous in all parts. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 3-4|- lin. long; blade 1-1 J in. long, 4-9 lin. broad, ovate,
oblong-ovate, or lanceolate-ovate, tapering to an acute or subobtuse
point, mucronate, base rounded or subtruncate. Peduncles sublateral,
1-2 in. long, filiform, bearing two distant clusters of small, dark-
coloured flowers ; pedicels 6-8 lin. long, hair-like. Sepals | lin. long,
lanceolate, acute. Corolla rotate, 4 lin. in diam. ; lobes 2 lin. long,
narrowly lanceolate-attenuate, acute. Coronal-tubercles minute,
fleshy, transverse-oblong, seated at the base of the staminal-column,
which is rather more than | lin. long. Style truncate, depressed at the
apex.

Iiower Cauinea. Loango : Cliinchocho district, on the border of a mountain
forest near Povo Zala, So^ciux, 163 !

0. T. stenoloba, ^. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, IsOo, -l^u. Stems
slender, twining, pubescent. Leaves probably fleshy ; petiole 1 \-'2.
lin. long ; blade f-l^ in. long, 4-8 lin. broad, oblong or elliptic-ohlong,
very obtuse, mucronulate, obtuse or cuneately rounded into the petiole
at the base, glabrous on both sides, midrib puberulous above, margins
•sparingly ciliolate w^hen young. Flower-clusters sessile at the nodes,
several-flowered, pubescent on th^ exceedingly short axis ; pedicels 7-«
lin. long, hair-like, glabrous. Sepals J lin. long, lanceolate, acum-
inate, glabrous. Corolla 5-lobed nearly to the base; lobes 2.1
lin. long, linear from a widened base, slightly dilated at the apt-x,
spirally twisted to the right in bud, glabrous. Coronal-tubercles adnate
to the filament part of the staminal-column from near its base up to
the anthers, fleshy, truncate at their base, narrowing upwards. Anther-
appendages reniform, inflexed over the truncate apex of the style,
which does not project beyond them. — Astephamts stei(olohns, K. Schum.
in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 321 ; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pllanzenfam. iv.
ii. 22:C fig. 65, C, D, and 224.

Mozamb. Dist. (lerman East Africa : Tsanibara ; Doda, JloUt^ li)77a\

410 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Tylophorci.

10. T. orthocaulis, K. Schvm. in Engl. Jahrh. xxiii. 235. Stems
several from a short rhizome, 2-2J ft. high, erect, straight or somewhat
curved, yourgest parts minutely puberulous, otherwise glabrous. Leaves
spreading; petiole 1 lin, long; blade IJ-SJ in. long,'lJ-4J lin. broad^
lanceolate or linear, attenuate-acute at both ends, recurved at the
margins, glabrous. Peduncles axillary, •^fl—^^ in. long, longer than the
leaves, generally bearing about 3 fascicles of flowers ; pedicels at first
about 2J lin. long, elongating to 6-7 lin., filiform, minutely puberulous.
Sepals Jf lin. long, minutely puberulous. Corolla divided nearly to the
base ; lobes about 1\ lin. long, narrow, dark purple. Coronal-tubercles
adnate to the staminal-column near its base, slightly prominent, obtuse.
Staminal-column | lin. long. Follicles about IJ-lJ in. long, very
narrow, cylindric, acuminate at both ends.

TTpper Guinea. AVitliout precise locality, AfzeJius, 138.

Imj^erfectly known species.

11. T. Adalinae, K. Schum. in Engl, d- Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
iv. ii. 28G. Leaves membranous, with a closed sinus and overlapping
basal lobes. Branches of the inflorescence leafless.

West Tropical Africa.

I have not seen this plant, which is said to he somewhat like T. sylvatica, Decne.,
jind tlie above is all the description that is given of it. The description agrees (so far
as it goes) with Marsdenia profiisa, X. E. Br.

34. ONCOSTEMMA, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 148.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla campanulate-rotate, deeply 5-lobed ; lobes
overlapping to the left in bud. Corona double ; outer of 5 fleshy lobes
united into a ring at their base, arising from the base of the corolla,
opposite the corolla-lobes, and close to the thick fleshy annular slightly
lobed inner corona, which is adnate to the staminal-column. Staminal-
column arising from the base of the corolla ; anthers short, connivent
over the apex of the style. Pollen- masses subhorizontal, minute, sub-
globose, solitai y in each anther-cell, attached in pairs by short caudicles
to the pollen-carriers. Style flattened at the apex, with a slightly
convex or bilobulate centre. — A twining shrub. Leaves opposite.
Inflorescence axillary (sublateral ?), pedunculate, lax, dichotomously
cymose, passing into subsessile abbreviated racemes ; flowers small.
Species 1, endemic, unknown to me.

1. O. cuspidatum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 148, t. yi.fig.
R — T. Stem twining ; branches slender, with a puberulous line down
one side. Leaves herbaceous: petiole 7-9 lin. long ; blade 2J-2| in.
long, f— 1-J in. broad, oblong, acuminate and very acute, acute at the
base, glabrous on both sides, sometimes variegated with white.
Inflorescence about G in. long; intercodes about Ij in. Jong ; branches
3-4 lin. long, bearing numerous flowers ; pedicels slender. Sepals J-j

Oncostemma.] lxxxv. asclepiade.i: (buowx). 411

lin.long, lanceolate, acuminate, ciliolate. Corolla about { in. in aiam.,
campanulate-rotate or subrotate, 5-lobed to three-foui ths of the way-
down ; tube ventricose 1-1 J lin. long; lobes elliptic-ovate, obtuse,
glabrous, green outside, brownish inside. Ou^er coronal-loljes minute,
deltoid, fleshy, united into a ring at the base ; inner corona a thick
fleshy ring, about half as long as the I lin. long staniinal-column. —
K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii, 2?>i}, and in Engl. A: Prantl. JMhuenfani.
iv. ii. '2\)7 ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. IGT).

Upper Guinea. Cameroons: \)ca,r Ynundv, Zenker, GGo.

XiO-wer Guinea. Island of !St. 'J'liouias : near Hatepa, 1750 ft., MoUer, \)\\.

35. NANOSTELMA, Baill. Hist. PI. x. 247.

Flowers minute. Corolla subcampanulate, 5-lobed ; lobes narrowly
overlapping. Corona annular, thick, obtusely 5-crenate, surrounding
the short and thick staminal-column under the anthers. Anthers
terminated by an inflexed membi-ane. Style capitate, papillose, with
the vertex depressed. Follicles narrowly linear, acute, glabrous. — A
perennial glabrous herb, with knotted rhizome and erect stems.
Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate. Flowers lateral at the uppermost
nodes, in long-peduncled lax racemose cymes, and forming a compound
terminal raceme.

An endemic genus of one species, not seen by nie.

1. N. congolana, Baill. Hist. PI x. 2i8. Name only, nodeMiip-
tion beyond the above. — X. congolanum, K. Schum. in Engl. t\: Pr.mti,
Piianzeiifam. iv. ii. 248.

ILower Guinea. Congo.

36. SPHffiROCODON, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. (Jen.

PI. ii. 772.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla campanulate or subcampanulate, O-lobed ;
lobes overlapping and slightly twisted to the left in bud. Corona of a
small fleshy compressed tubercles or teeth, radiating or ascending
from the staminal-column some distance above its base. Staminal-
column arising from the base of the corolla ; anthers erect, obtuse,
without appendages. Pollen-masses erect, solitary in each anther-cell,
not very minute, united in pairs by very slender caudicles to the minute
and rather thin pollen-carrier. Style shorter than the anthers, trun-
cate and shortly 5-rayed ab the apex. — Perennial herbs with a woody
or tuberous ro'otstock. Stems erect, not twining. Leaves opposite,
shortly petiolate, elliptic or oblong. Flowers of moderate size, in
pedunculate sublateral umbel-like cymes.

Species 2, one of which is also found in Natal.

Tliis genus differs from Tylophora in its dwarf er erect habit, unJ)nnulud in-
florescence \\\l\i numerous bracts, compressed coronal-lobes nnd much larger mid
iKore oblong pollen-masses.

412 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEvE (buown). [Spkcurocodou.

Corolla-tiibe distinctly campanulate, 2h lin. \on^ . 1. S. obttisifoHum.

Corolla with its uiiitexl part ^ lin. lonsr, not forming a

distinct tube, scarcely more than saucer-shaped . 2. S. ntelananthvs.

* 1. S. obtusifolium, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PL xii. 78, t. 1190.
Rootstock woody. Stems several to a root, erect, 1-3 ft. high,
branching at the base only, softly tomentose. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 2-3 lin. long; blade 1^—3 in. long, |-lf in. broad, oblong to
elliptic, usually very obtuse and apiculate, sometimes subacute, broadly
or cuneately rounded at the base, sub (glabrous or sparsely pubescent
above, softly pubescent beneath. Cymes umbel-like, sublateral,
pedunculate, 6-13-flowered ; peduncles |-f in. long, tomentose ; bracts
1-2 lin. long, linear, pubescent ; pedicels 3-4 lin. long, tomentose.
8epals 2 lin. long, linear-lanceolate, acute, pubescent outside and at the
apex inside. Corolla dark purple, 3J-4 lin. in diam., broadly campanu-
late (not globose as originally described), 54obed to J of the way down
or rather more; tube 2-^- lin. long; lobes If lin. long, ovate, obtuse,
outside more or less puberulous on the lobes, inside loosely clothed
with very fine jointed (cobwebby ?) hairs. Corona-l-lobes arising -| lin.
above the base of the staminal-column, radiating, fleshy, rather minute,
tubercle-like, compressed, oblong, obtuse. Caudicles very slender. —
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 692. S . ohfMsifolia, K. Schum. in Engl.
Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 326, and in Engl, k Prantl,. Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 283,
fig. 85, J-L, and 285. S. natalense, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. 79.
aS'. nafMensis, K. Sebum, in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 285.
S. caffra^m, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 339. Tylophora
caffra, Meisn. in Hook. London Journ. Bot. 1843, ii. 542, by error
442. Gongronema Welwitschii, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 145.

lao-wer CS-uinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo ; in thickets near Luxillo River,
Welwitsch, 4195 ! 4196 !

ITllle Iiand. Uganda: East side of Lake j^lbert Edward, on dry grassy hills,
Scott-Elliot, 8029 !

X^oz;am1>. l^ist. Portugue«e East Africa : by the River Shire near Morambala
Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Namasi, Cameron ! and without pre-
cise locality, Buchanan, 1370 I

Also in Niital, there being no distinction between S. natalense and the tropical
plant.

2, S, melananthus, N. E. Br. Plant 6-10 in. high, branching
at the base. Stems erect, terete, puberulous. Leaves numerous,
opposite, 4-8 lin. apart, ascending-spreading; petiole J-1 lin. long ;
blade |-lj in. long, 3J-7 lin. broad, elliptic-oblong, subacute, rounded
or obtuse at the base, slightly puberulous on the veins and midrib
beneath, elsewhere glabrous. IJmbels lateral at the nodes, pedunculate,
2-3- or sometimes 1 -flowered ; peduncles 5-11 lin. long, slender,
puberulous ; bracts |-3 lin. long, subulate to linear-lanceolate, acute ;
pedicels G-8 lin. long, slender, puberulous. Sepals 1 lin. long, J- J
lin. broad, lanceolate or oblong, acute, spreading, glabrous. Corolla
subcimpanulate, about \-\ in. in diam., lobed to § of the way down,

Spkcprocodon.] lxxxv. asclepiade^e (brown). 413

quite glabrous on both sides, blackish-violet or bluckish-purple ; united
part (which scarcely forms a tube) | lin. long; lobes U, lin. long,
1 lin. broad, ascending, ovate-oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lo*bes arising
from the middle of the filamental part of the staminal-column,
^ lin. long, compressed, incurved-erect, acute, somewhat resembling
the curved prickles of a rose. Staminal-column h lin. long, of which
:[ lin. belongs to the blackish-purple filament-part ; anthers erec-t^
oblong, obtuse, with very narrow membranous sides to the upper part,
but no terminal appendage. Style not exceeding the anthers,
truncate or slightly depressed in the centre at the apex.

liOwer Guinea. Angola: Amboella ; by the River t^iiito, below tlu' Hivor
Longii, 3700 ft,, Baum, 526 !

37. GYMNEMA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 7

C,'.).

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed to the middle or beyond ; tube
campanulate ; lobes ascending or spreading, overlapping to the left in
bud. Corona arising from and adnate to the corolla-tube, either of ")
fleshy lobes adnate up to the mouth of the corolla- tube, with more or
less incurved tips, or of 5 pairs of fleshy ridges on the lower part of the
tube, alternating with the corolla-lobes, densely ciliate (always ?)
Staminal-column arising from the base of the corolla. Anthers short,
erect, w^ith short membranous appendages. Pollen-masses erect,
solitary in each anther-cell. Style often produced beyond the antheis.
Follicles smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Twining
shrubs, with opposite leaves. Umbels sublateral, often opposite.
Flowers small.

Species several, distributed through the tropical and subtropic;il regions of the
Old World ; only one species that certainly belongs to this genus is known from
Tropical AtVica. Of the three others recorded, one \s Marsdenia Schitnperi, Decne.;
another is probably a Secamone • and the third does not belong lo the order.

1. G. sylvestre, JR. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 33. Stem
climbing, woody, 1-1 1^ lin. thick, shortly tomentose, as are also the
petioles, peduncles, bracts, pedicels and calyx. Leaves spreading;
petiole 3-10 lin. long; blade |-3 in. long, J-1 } in. broad, ovate,
elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate-ovate, acute or shortly and rather
abruptly acuminate, varying from shortly and broadly cuneate to
rounded or cordate at the base, glabrous or pubescent (usually sparsely
so) above, undersurface varying through all stages from glabrous to
softly and densely pubescent. Umbels opposite, suhaxillary, peduncu-
late or sessile, ratlier densely many-flowered ; peduncles l-T) lin. long,
sometimes producing successive umbels or whorls of flowers ; pedicels
1-3 lin. long. Sepals 1 lin. long, elliptic-oblong, very obtut-e. ciliate.
Corolla 2 hn. in diam., glabrous; tube campanulate, J-1 lin. long;
lobes spreading-recurved, about as long as the tube, oblong-ovnte,
obtuse, fleshy, minutely ciliate, yellowish-white. Coronal-lobes fleshy,
channelled down the face, inserted on and adnate to the coiolla-tube.

H4 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Gi/mnema.

[iromineiit and glabrous or nearly so at the subacute free incurved tips,
densely ciliate on each side of the decurrent part below. Style
protruded much beyond the erect anthers, exceeding the corolla-tube,
but rarely as long as the corolla-lobes ; apical part stout, ovoid, obtuse,
slightl}' two-iobed or entire. Follicles 2|-3J in. long, J in. thick,
lanceolate, attenuate into a beak, glabrous. Seeds o^-o lin. long,
•ovate, plano-convex, with a rather broad marginal wing, glabrous,
brown.— DO. Prpd. viii. 621 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 48 ; Hook. f.
Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 29 ; Wight, Ic. PI. ii. i. 3, t. 349 ; Martelli, FL Bogos.
55 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 325, and in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 2H'd, fig. 85, F-G, and 284, and in Engl. Jahrb.
XXX. 385. G. 7'iifescens, Decne., and G. suhvolubile, Decne., in Ann. Sc.
Nat. 2 ser. ix. 277, t. 11, fig. A, and in DC. Prod. viii. 621.' G'.
sabvolubile, Hook. Niger Fl. 455 ; De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr.
159. G. humile, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 621; A. Rich. Tent. Fl.
Abyss, ii. 42. G. M'Kenii, Harv. Gen. S. Afr. PI. ed. 2, ti39. G.
J'ruticulosum, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101. G. g€mi7iatiim, Hiern in
Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 691, not of R. Br. Periploca st/lvestris, Retz.
Obs. ii. 15; Willd. Phytog. 7, t. 5, fig. 3, and Sp. PI. i. 1252,
Cynanchum subvoluhtle, Schumach & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI. 150.
(J. senegalense, Sieber ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 621. Asclepias
(jeminaia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 45 (1832).

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Roger, 49 ! Sieher, 22 ! Gold Coast : Accra,
AnselL ! Ada, Thinning; Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 721 Lagos: near Owi Owi,
Millen, 49 (1895 Coll.) ! Ogumpa, Dawodu, 89 ! Niger River (Quorra), Vogel,
46 ! 166 ! Barter ! Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker, 1497 !

lO'ile Iiand. Eritrea: Keren, Steudner, 7561 Beccari, 283 (ex Martelli).
Abyssinia : Plain of Hamedo, 4700 ft., Schimper, 117 ! ne.ir Gapdia, Schimper, 807 !
Modat Province, Schimper, 1752 ! near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 1722 ! and without
precise locality, Quartin Dillon Sf Petit ! Jur : Jur Ghattas, Schweinfv.rth, 2347 !

Ijoixrer Guinea. Loango : Chinchocho, Soyaux, 43 ! Angola : Pungo
Andongo ; on lofty ledges of the Presidium, Welwitsch, 4198 ! Huilla ; in thinly
wooded parts of Morro de LojxjIIo, at Ferrao da Sola, Welwitsch, 4242 !

AXozamb. X>ist. German East Africa : Usaramo ; Dar es Salaam, Kirk !
Kondeland, on a mountain side by Lake Nyasa at Langenburg, 1600 ft., Goetze,
863 (ex Schumann). British Central Africa : ^yasaland, Buchanan, 1162 I Likoma
Isliind in Lake Nyasa, Johnson I

Extends into Madagascar, South Africa, and the drier parts of India. The
Australian plant united with it by Bentham is quite distinct.

The leaves when chewed destroy the taste of sweetness. This was first observed
bv M. P. Edgeworth (Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 353). See also Hooper in Nature, xxxv.
565-567.

Imperfectly known species.

2. G. crenatum, Klotzsch in Peters, Raise Mossamb. Bot. 273. A
climbing shrub, very much branched; branches grey, glabrous;
branchlets reddish-pubescent. Leaves small, coriaceous ; petiole 1-2
lin. long, reddish-pubescent; blade Ij in. long, 9 lin. broad, oblong-
obovate, obsoletely crenate towards the obtuse apex, tapering below to
a cuneate entire base, shining above, puberulous beneath. Cymes

Gymiiema.'] Lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 410

axillary, twice shorter than the leaves, reddish-pubescent. Sepals very
short, scarious at the margin, pubescent on the back. Corolla rotate
deeply o-lobed, conical in bud, very shortly tomentose on both sides;
lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute. " Corona none. Style-hood 5-lobed ;
lobes recurved ; stigma obtuse, projecting."

Mozamb. I>ist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zaiu])esi ; near Tet'.',
Peters.

I have not seen this plajit, but from tlie description I am sure iljat it U \V)l h
Gijinnema, but n)ay perliaps belong to the genus Secamone.

Gymnema nltlduxn, Benth. in Hook. Isiger FL. 456; U'alji. Ann. iii. 61.

This plant is not an Asclepiad ! Bentliam must have examined a loose Hower that
did not belong to tlie plant, as his description, as well as his draw ings on the typo-
slieet, indicate the floral structure of Gymnema. But the type specimen has one
bud still attached; this I liave soaked and examined without reuioving it, and
(although immature) I find its structure to be as follows : SL'i)als o. short, tliick and
roundish. Petals 5, free, imbricate. Stamens 4. one being apparently somewliat
imperfect, incumbent on the sides of the ovary. Ovary superior, trigoninis with a
siibsessile shortly 3-lobed stigma. J could not dissect the bud further without
destroying it. The above characters and the general a})pearance of the plant refer it
to Salacia ; I therefore propjse for it the name of Salacia nitida, N. E. Br.

as. ANISOPUS, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 259.

Calyx Ti-partite. Corolla-tube short, campanulate ; lobes 5, spreading,
very narrowly overlapping or almost valvate in bud. Corona double ;
outer inserted at the mouth of the corolla-tube, consisting of 5 fleshy
lobes at the sinuses (perhaps thickened sinus-angles of the corolla ?) or
of a membranous ring ; inner of 5 fleshy lobes arising from the staminal-
column, adnate to it in their lower part, free above, opposite the
anthers. Staminal-column arising from the base of the corolla-tube ;
anthers erect with membranous appendages. Pollen-masses erect,
solitary in each anther-cell, attached in pairs by short caudicles to the
pollen-carriers. Follicles very long, widely divergent, terete, acute,
smooth, seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — A tall glabrous twiner.
Leaves- opposite, petiolate, herbaceous, with distinct veins. Flowers in
umbels, axillary and from both axils, one umbel pedunculate, the other
sessile and developing later.

Species 2, endemic.

Since the publication of this genus I have seen flowers presorveil in fluid, in
which the processes I have described as outer coronal-lobes api)ear to be raised or
tubercular projections of the sinuses of tlie corolla it-elf rather than true coninal
pi'ocesses. The name is formed from (iviaos, unequal and ttovs, •\ foot, in allusion to
one umbel of each pair being stalked and the other sessile. The corou.il-lobts or
tubercles at the mouth of the corolla resemble those of Leptadenin, and those on 'he
staminal-column those of Marsdenia, near which genus I place it for the present.
Leaves rounded at the base; outer corona of 5 minute

lobes 1. -1. Mannii.

Leaves acute at the base; out.^r corona of a mem-
branous rinir -• -^- ^i<^oro»ata.

416 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Anisopus.

1. A. Mannii, y. E. Br. in Kevj Bulletin, 1805, 259. Stem
twining to a height of 12-15 ft., about 1 lin. thick in the flowering
part, glabrous, marked with stipulary lines between the bases of the
petioles. Leaves spreading ; petiole |— ^- in. long, bearing a distinct
gland at the apex ; blade 2J-8 in. long, l:j-lf in. broad, elliptic or
elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminate into a 5-6 lin. long point,
broadly rounded, subtruncate or emarginate at the base, glabrous on
both sides, herbaceous. Umbels globose, many-flowered, distinctly
axillary and from both axils ; the umbel from one axil is pedunculate
and bracteate, or the peduncle elongates into a bracteate branch up to
'2 in. long (or longer ?), with 2-4 (or perhaps more) nodes, bearing a
sessile umbel at each node ; whilst the opposite umbel is sessile in the axil
and developes later ; peduncles ^-J in. long, glabrous ; bracts of the
pedunculate umbels leafy, |^-1 in. long, lJ-3 lin. broad, lanceolate,
acuminate, shortly petiolate or subsessile, glabrous ; of the sessile umbels
often minute ; pedicels 3^-6 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals about J lin.
long and nearly as broad, elliptic-ovate, obtuse, with a few very minute
hairs on the back, minutely ciliate. Corolla 5J-6 (in the dried state 4J)
lin. in diam. ; tube 1-1 J lin. long, campanulate; lobes 2 (in the dried
state IJ) lin. long, lA lin. broad, ovate-oblong, subobtuse, very
spreading, glabrous outside, pubescent all over within. Outer coronal-
lobes (?) or thickened sinus-angles \ lin. long, J lin. broad, fleshy,
broadly rounded, pubescent ; inner coronal-lobes arising from the base
of the staminal-column and as long as it, 1-1 J lin. long, adnate up to
the base of the anthers, thick and fleshy, channelled down the back,
with acute margins, incurved over the anthers at the apex, acute, obtuse
or minutely bifid. Anther-appendages ovate, acuminate, erect, adpressed
to the apical part of the style, which is shortly exserted beyond them,
moderately stout and conical and sometimes bifid at the apex. Follicles
6-8 in. long, 4-4^ lin. thick (or larger?), terete, tapering to a shortly
hooked point, widely divergent, smooth, glabrous. Seeds (very imma-
ture) 6-6i lin. long, l|-2 lin. broad, narrowly oblong, smooth. — Hook.
Ic. PI. t. 2453 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr.
zum ii..-iv, 288. Marsdenia rhynchogyna, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xxiii. 234.

trpper Guinea. Southern Nigeria : A!iass:i, Sverett Dutton, 32 ! Camrroons :
Lolodorf , maudt, 376, 356 !

l^ower Guinea. Spanish Gabcon : Corisco Bay, ManUy 1862 !

This is the African plant mentioned by Bentliam and Hooker f. in Genera
Plantarum, ii. 777, under Hoya !

2. A. bicoronata, N. E. Br. Stem climbing ; branches slender,
with a spreading pubescence on the youngest parts. Leaves spreading ;
petiole 2|-7 lin. long; blade |-3 in. long, 4J-16J lin. broad, oblong,
acute or somewhat obtuse, acute at the base, glabrous on both sides.
Umbels 7-10-flowered ; peduncles up to 4J lin. long, puberulous ;
pedicels 5-() lin. long, filiform, glabrous; bracts minute, lanceolate,
piloj-e. Sepals J lin. long, narrowly subulate, pilose. Corolla 2 lin.
long ; tube semiglobose ; lobes spreading, ovate. Outer corona a

AriisopUS.] LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE.E (imowx). ^J7

membranous pubescent ring] lin. hif^jh, arising from the mouth of the
corolla-tuba; inner coronal-lobes | lin. long, arising near the apex of
the stipitate staminal-column, tumescent, gibbous, with the apex
narrowed and in flexed on the apex of the style. Staminal-column IJ
lin. long. — Marsdenia bicoronata^ K. Sebum, in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 28.">.
Upper C-ulnea. Witliout locality, Afzelius.

I liave not seen this pla-nt and refer it to the ii^enus Anisopus uitli some hesita-
tion ; but the situation of the outer corona at tlio mouth of tlie eoroll<.i-tuhe seems li»
indicate an alliiince witli that geiuis, and it may even he the same as A. Mannii,
X. K. Br. A specimen {Stand f, 356) received from licrh'n, under the Uiime of
Marsdenia hicoronata, K. Sdium. , does not ajrrce with the descrijttion, nnd is A.
Mannii.

31). MARSDEIS'TA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 772.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube campanulate ; lobes ">, erect, spreading
or rotate-campanulate, overlapping to the left and straight or .slightly
twisted in bud. Corona of 5 fleshy lobes arising from the staminal
column, with their basal part adnate to it, but often with free margins,
or projecting like tubercles, which are sometimes confluent at the base,
producing more or less the appearance of an outer corona, their apical
part free, erect or somewhat connivent, applied to the backs of the
anthers. Staminal-column arising from or near the base of the corolla ;
anthers erect, with the cells usually more or less concealed under the
margin of the dilated part of the style ; appendages membranous, fiee
or connate, more or less incumbent on the top of the style. Pollen-
masses erect, solitary in each anther-cell, attached in pairsto the pollen-
carriers by short or elongated, moderately stout caudicles. Style
depressed, convex, conical, or produced into a long beak at the apex.
Follicles with a thick pericarp, smooth, sometimes win<;ed. Seeds
crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Climbing or erect perennials. Leaves
opposite. Flowers small or of moderate size, arranged in umbel-like
cymes, or in small sessile umbels or clusters scattered along the
branches of the cymes or panicles, which ai-e lateral at the nodes or
axillary. — Dregea, E. Meyer; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 775.
Pterophora, Harv. Gen. South Afr. PI. ed, i. 22\\. Traunia, K. Schum.
in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i. 23.

A large genus, widely distributed throusrh(mt the tro])icnl and snbtro]ncnl
regions.

I cnnnot find any clmracter wliatever to separate Dreqea from Marsdenia. The
foronal-lobes of Dret^ea are erect in tbe specits on whicli Meyer fonndcd his jjcnu^.
as well as in all the others tliat I have examined, hut in one or two they are very
much laterally compressed, and as viewed from above present a stellate appearance.

*Corolla-lobes 2-4| lin. long.

Stem and petioles densely villons with long s[ reading

hairs. . . ^- '^^- crinita.

Stem and petioles pubescent, sid)tomentose or glahroiu-,
without long hairs, except in M. anffohmis.

418 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (brown). [Marsdenia.

Corolla-lobes linear, ^-1 lin. broad; apex of style

evserted beyond the anthers into a long beak . 2. M. Schimperi.
Corolla-lobes oblong, 1-2 lin. broad; apex of the
style not beaked.
Sepals 2r,— 1^ lin. long; coronal-lobes linear-oblong
or liinceolate, about as long as the staminal-
column . . . . . . .3. M. zamhesiaca.

Sepals 1^ lin. long; coronal-lobes truncate,

shorter than the s t am inal- column . . 4:. M. spissa.

Sepals I lin. long ; coronal-lobes subulate-tipped,

much longer than the staminal-column . 5. M. rubicunda.
**Corolla-lobes under 2 lin. long.
Leaves not cordate at the base.

Style produced much beyond the anther-appendages

into a lon^ filiform beak . . . . Q. M. umhellifera.

Style not produced beyond the anther-appendages.

Pedicels 1-li lin. long 7. 3f. Taylori.

Pedicels 6-8 lin. long 8. ilSf. efulensis.

Leaves cordate at the base.

Flowers umbellate at the ends of the cyme-
branches . . . . . . .9. M. angolensis.

Flowers in small fuscicles or sessile umbels, which
are compactly racemose along the cyme-
branches.
Leaves cordate-oblong, twice as long as broad.

Stems puberulous ; corolla-tube hairy within . 10. M. leonensis.
Stem glabrous; corolla-tube glabrous within . 11. M. glahrifiora.
licaves very broadly cordate-ovate, not more than
^ longer than broad.
Corotial-lobes with a tubercle at their base . 12. M. racemosa.
Coronal-lobes without a tubercle at their base . 13. M. profusa.

1. M. crinita, Oliver in Hook. Ic. PL t. 1993. A large twiner,
all the younger parts of the stem, together with the petioles and all
parts of the inflorescence (except the corolla) densely covered with long
spreading tawny or rast-coloured hairs. Leaves spreading; petiole
|-li lin. long ; blade 2-4 J in. long, lj-2| in. broad, ovate or elliptic-
ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, broadly rounded or cordate at the
base, sparsely hairy above, hairj^ like the stem on the veins beneath,
but with shorter hairs, ciliate. Cymes lateral or subaxillary, peduncu-
late, many-flowered, lJ-2 in. in expanse; peduncles f-lj in. long;
pedicels 5-8 lin. long. Sepals 3-4 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate.
Corolla quite glabrous on both sides, white; tube li lin. long, globose-
campanulate ; lobes 3-4 lin. long, oblong, obliquely acute, very spreading,
with one twist. Coronal-lobes reaching to the apex of the style ; their
basal part f lin. long, orbicular or rhomboid-orbicular, adnate to the
filament part of the staminal-column, projecting as broad wings at the
sides ; their apical part | lin. long, erect, free, oblong-linear, obtuse or
denticulate. Anther-appendages scarcely reaching to the apex of the
style, lanceolate, acute. Style not or scarcely exserted beyond the
coronal-lobes, apical part very stout, shortly conical, with an obtuse or
truncate apex.

Marsdenia.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 419

upper Guinea. Lagos : Oyo, Barter, 3426! Millson ! Sierr.i Leone • near
Eendembu, Scott-Elliot, 5651 !

2. M Schimperi, i>ec?7ie. in DC. Prod. viii. GIG. A woody
climber, with pale brown bark; young parts closely subtomentose
Leaves spreading; petiole |-1 in. long; blade 2-4 in. long, 1-2}
in. broad, ovate or elliptic-ovate, more or less abruptly acumiDate,
broadly rounded at the base, tomentose or pubescent on the petioles
and veins on the underside, pubescent above on the veins and with
minute hairs sprinkled over the surface. Cymes lateral, pedunculate,
many-flowered, lJ-2 in. in expanse, about half as long as the leaves^
tomentose on all parts except the corolla; peduncles i-J in. long ;
bracts about 1 lin. long, lanceolate or ovate, acute, deciduous ; pedicels
4-G lin. long. Sepals 1 J-2 lin. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute.
Corolla-tube globose-campanulate, 1^-1 J lin. long, sparsely hairy
within : lobes spreading, 2f-3J lin. long, |-1 lin. broad, linear-oblong,
obtuse, more or less twisted, glabrous, minutely ciliate along one
margin at the apex. Coronal -lobes 1 lin. long, erect, lanceolate, acute,
their basal part adnate to thestaminal-column, with thick free margins,
their apical half free, shorter than the anther-appendages. Staminal-
column, IJ lin. long, conical; anther-appendages very membranous,
more or less connate into a tube. Apical part of the style exserted 1 1
lin. beyond the anther-appendages, very slender, slightly tapering',
obtuse. Follicles 3 in. long, J in. or more thick, ovate-lanceolate'
tapering gradually to an obtuse point, softly pubescent, probably fleshy
or leathery when alive. Seeds 5 lin. long, 2J lin. broad, plano-convex,
with a narrow marginal wing, glabrous, light brown. — A. Rich. Tent.
Fl. Abyss, ii. 42 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 343 : Maitelli,
Florul. Bogos. 55; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz. 1802, .'UD ;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 292. Cynunchiim
Schimperi, Hochst. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. G17. Gymneiiia /
macrocarpum, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii, 43 ; Walp, Ann. iii. G2.
Traunia albijiora, K. Schum. in Notizbl. Kunigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin,
1895, 23 ; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 32G ; and in Engl, .t Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 283, fig. 85, T-V, and 287.

Wile Iiand. Eritrea : Mount Alam Kale, Schiceinfurfh Sf Jtira, 1626! near
Samhar, and from the Eiver Amba to Monkullo, Penziq (ex Heuziij) ; Keren.
Beccari, 292! Habab; Rora Azgede Mountains, Eildehrandt, 488 (ex Enql(r).
Abyssinia : near Gennia, Schimper, 260! Adowa, Quart in Dillon c^' Petit .' Shireh ;
Beless Plain, Quartin Billon (drawing seen !) ; Shoa. Petit (ex Richnrd) : .leiula,
Steudner, 260 I Gafat, Steud>}er, 761 (ex Engler), and without precise li»e<ility,
Schimper, 1012 ! Quartin Dillon j- Petit, 20 I

Mozaxnb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Maraniru, kkK) ft..
Vol kens, 2110 !

Vatke (in Oest. Bofc. Zeitselir, 1876, 146) suggests that Gymuema mncrocurpttm,
A. Rich., may be the same as Astephanus Schimperi, Vatke (now P<>d,,stelma
Schimperi, K. Schum.), but an examination of Richard's tyi)e made for me hy
Mr. Burkill proves it to belong here.

420 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Marsclenia.

?). M. zaxnbesiaca, Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1805, 388. Stem
twining, at first more or less puberulous, with the tips and unexpanded
leaves reddish-tomentose, becoming glabrous, with a pale brown bark.
Leaves spreading; petiole i-l:| in. long; blade |-f)-Hn. long, h-^h
in. broad, subianceolate, ovate or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, acute or
acuminate, often rather abruptly so, varying from cuneate to subc^rdate
at the base, quite glabrous on both sides w4i en fully developed. Cymes
umbel-like, pedunculate, lateral at the nodes, severai-fiowered; peduncles
\-\ in. long, rusty-pubescent or subtomentose ; bracts leafy, deciduous.
^-?{ in, long, 1-2 lin. broad, obianceolate or obovate, acute, glabrous ;
pedicels {,-| in. long, reddish-pubescent. Sepals large, 2|-4|^ lin. long.
l|-2 lin. broad, varying from oblong to elliptic-oblong, subacute, thin,
glabrous, very minutely ciliate. Corolla creamy-white; tube 1^-1 1
lin, long, campanulate ; lobes rotately spreading, 4 lin. long, 2 lin. broad,
oblong, obtuse or emarginate, glabrous on the back, pubescent within,
ciliolate along one margin. Coronal-lobes l|-2 lin. long, as long as or
slightly exceeding the staminal-column, reaching to the mouth of the
corolla-tube, linear-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, with
their free tips incurved over the apex of the style and with narrow
free margins to their adnate part. Anther-appendages deltoid-ovate,
acute or obtuse. Style truncate, with a convex disc at the apex.
Follicles about 3 in. long, Ij in. thick, ovoid, narrowed to an obtuse
point, somewhat fleshy, smooth, glabrous, olive-brown. — Dreyea
inacrantha. Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 272 ; K. Schum.
in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 4G0, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 320.
Perijyioca j^etersiana, Vatke in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. 187G, 147.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Ainboella; by the River Kubango, 3200 ft., Baiim.
450 !

Mozamb. 2>ist. German East Africa : Uhehe; by the River Lukosso, 2n00 ft.,
Goetze, 4:Sl (ex K. Schumann). Poi'tuguese East Africa: Eaza Island, Forbes!
Lower Zambesi ; Tete, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasalatid ; Chiromo, Scoit-
EUiot, 2791 (not 3791 as originally quoted) ! Boruma on the Zambesi, Menyharth,
802 ! Ngamiland ; Kwebe Hills, 3000-3500 ft., Lngard, 60 ! Mrs. Lugard, 17 !

Sir John Kirk states on his label that the Howers are "of a faint yellowish colour
and have a most offensive smell, unlike anything else I know. If this remains near
one for a short time it produces pain in the forehead with all the feelings of cold in
the hea.d,"

4. M. spissa, >S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1901, 260. A woody
climber or shrub ; young shoots ^ in. or more in thickness, at first
reddish-puberulous or subtomentose, becoming glabrous. Leaves
rather ascending or spreading; petiole \-l\ in. long; blade l|-4
in. long, |- 2J in. broad, ovate or elliptic-ovate, acuminate or cuspidate
into an obtuse point, varying from cuneately-rounded to subtruncate or
slightly emarginate at the base, at first with a reddish pubescence,
becoming glabrous on both sides. Cymes lateral or sublateral, peduncu-
late, subumbellately and densely many-flowered, minutely reddish-
tomentose on all parts except on the corolla ; peduncles \-\ in. long ;
bracts 1-3 lin. long, linear-oblong to obianceolate, acute, deciduous ;

Marsdeitia.'l lxxxv. asclepiade-e (brown). 121

pedicels -| in. long. Sepals U lin. long and nearly as broad, very
broadly ovate, acute. Corolla rotate-campanulate, 5-6 lin. in diam. ;
lobes l|-2^ lin. long, l-i lin. broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, very
obtuse, tomentose along the more or less revolute margins and at the
apex within. Coronal-lobes barely 1 lin. long, thick and Heshy,
obliquely truncate at the apex, arising from the base of the staminal-
column, adnate to it in their lower half, and a little shorter than it.
Anther-appendages indexed or connivent over the shortly conical style-
apex. Follicles 3-;>i- in. long, IJ-U in. in diam., elongate-ovoid,
acuminate, with numerous broad frill-like wings. — I'teri/yocarpics
ahi/ssiniciis, Hochst. in Flora, 1S48, 78 ; Walp. Rep. vi. 4'.il. Jlot/a
ufricana, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. C30 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Aby.-s. ii.
4G ; Yatke in Linna?a, xl. 217. JJregea africana, Martelli, Florul.
Bogos. 55; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Iilternaz. 1802, o 11). Dreijea
ahyssinica, K. Sebum, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 320 ; and in Engl, k-
Prantl, Piianzenfam. iv. ii. 29;> and L^U4, hg. DO, B. D. riibiciuula,
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 003, not of K. Schum.

Upper Cruiuea. Lagos : Abeokuta, Barter, 3309 !

Nile X.and. Eritrei: Gincla Valley, 2800-3300 ft., Schiceinftirth ^ Rlva,
2186 1 Keren, Beccari, 48! Ualabat : reg-ton of Mataiuina, Schic't)ifur(}i,2^{)\
Abyssinia: near Sabra, Schimjjer, 1294! 136G! ^ledscliara (Mejara) Hegioii,
Schimper, 1573! and witliout precise locality, Quartin Dillon ^y Petit, 27!
^Semiar: Fazokl, Kotschy^ 566! Jur : Wau, Schiocinfurth, 1696! liriti»?li East
Africa: near Lake Marsabit, Lord Delamere ! near Lake Baringo, 3400 It.
Johnston .'

XiOiKrer Guinea. Lower Congo, Smith ! Angola : Cazengo ; forests of
Muxaulo, Welwitsch, 4226! Libongo; forests by the Kiver Lilune, Jf'cfnitscA,
4227! Bumbo; in the Chella Mountains, Welwitsch, 4248! Huilla; near the
Banza, Welwitsch, 4249 !

Barter notes tlie flowers as cieani-coloureil, \Vehvits<-h as greenish-yellow outsitle,
whitish inside.

5. M. rubicunda, X. E. Br. A stout woody climber, with tlie
tips of the shoots, young leaves, inflorescence (except the corolla), ami
young fruit more or less covered with a salmon-red tomentum.
Leaves 1|-3J in. long, |-3 in. broad, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, acute,
obtuse or subtruncate, apiculate, varying from broadly cuneate to cordate
at the base, glabrous or pulverulent beneath in the adult state. Cymes
as in M. ahyssinica ; pedicels 3 lin. long. Sepals 1 lin. long, ^ lin. bro;ul,
elliptic-oblong or elliptic-ovate, obtuse. Corolla about h in. in diam. ;
tube short, 1 lin. long ; lobes rotate, 2J lin. long, 1-1 \ lin. broad, oblong,
obliquely retuse at the apex, glabrous on the back, pubescent witiun.
Coronal-lobes IJ-lJ Hn. long, much longer than the staminal-cv)lumn,
ovate, with broad free margins to the adnate part, tiipering al>ove
into free subulate or linear tips, that are incurved and acute,
emarginate or bifid at the apex, channelled down the face. Staminal-
column arising near the bottom of the coiolla-tube, 1-1 J lin. long;
anther-appendages ovate, acute, infiexed over the convex apex of the
style. Follicles 3-3.V in. long, lanceolate, tapering to a blunt ^x)int,
broadly 4-winged ; wings more or less crenate or obtusely toothed.

-122 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Marsclenia'.

Seeds 5 lin. long, 3^ lin. broad, ovate, concave-convex, brown, with a
vellow- brown marginal wing, glabrous. — Dregea riibicunda, K. Schum.
in Encrl. Jahrb. xvii. 147 ; in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 32G, t. 39, figs.
A— H ; in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 293, 294, fig. 90, A ; and
in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 43.

xrile £and. Somaliland : Ogaden; from Sassaber to Pozzi di Carbadani,
Ifiva, 972 (285)l Rohecchi-Bricchetti, 122, 125, 129, 331, and by the Eiver Dana
(Daua ?) i?ir<7, 473 (all ex Schumann). Meshra, on the Gazelle J{\\eT, Schivein-
furth, 12o5 ! Darfur, Purdy, 67 ! Denka : near liao, Schweinfurth, ser. iii. 33 (ex
Schvmanu). Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 2024! and 1944 (ex Schwnami).

XMlozamb. I>lst. Gern^an East Africa : Usambara, Bombuera, Hoist, 2195 !
Muo, Hoht, 3041 ! Tanga, VoUcens, 154 !

The follicles of this plant are very similar to those of M. florihnnda, N. E. Br.
{Dregea Jloribunda, E. Meyer),

6. M. umbellifera, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii, 460. A
woody bush 3-6 ft. high, of compact habit ; young branches tomentose,
becoming glabrous. Leaves chiefly near the ends of the branches,
thin ; petiole 2-4 lin. long, tomentose ; blade somewhat rhomboid or
sublanceolate, broadest at the middle, narrowed in a curved line to an
obtuse or subacute apex, cuneately tapering to an acute base, thinly
covered with minute pubescence on both sides. Umbels sublateral at
the upper nodes, very shortly pedunculate, 3-8-flowered ; peduncle
J-lJ lin. long, tomentose; pedicels f-lj lin. long, tomentose. Sepals
f lin. long, |-| lin. broad, ovate-oblong, acute, subtomentose. Corolla
glabrous outside; tube |-1 lin. long, cylindric-campanulate, about | lin.
in diam., with ten tufts of deflexed hairs in a ring at the middle, and
bearded with long deflexed hairs at the mouth ; lobes 1 lin. long, J lin.
broad, linear, obtuse, puberulous on the inner face. Coronal-lobes
f lin. long, erect, not quite reaching to the tips of the anther-append-
ages; basal half adnate, rectangular in transverse section, not winged;
upper half free, linear, acute, membranous. Staminal-column ^ lin.
long ; anther-appendages lanceolate, acute, erect around the base of
the terminal part of the style, which is produced much beyond them
into a filiform beak 1\ lin. long.

Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Uhehe ; by the Lukoma River (on.
the dry Steppe, 2600 ft., ex Schumann), Qoetze, 478 !

7. M. Taylori, Schlechter d- Rendh in Journ. Bot. 1896, 100.
Stem twining, | lin. thick, glabrous ; internodes 6-8 in. long. Leaves
opposite, spreading, herbaceous, rather thin, glabrous ; petiole 7-9 lin.
long ; blade 4-4J in. long, 2 in. broad, elliptic-ovate, shot-tly acuminate,
broadly cuneate at the base. Cymes from both axils, about 7-9 lin. in
diam., rather dense, many-flowered ; peduncles 2-4 lin. long, glabrous ;
bracts \—\ lin. long, suborbicular, glabrous, ciliate ; pedicels 1-1 J lin.
long, glabrous. Sepals | lin. long, | lin. broad, elliptic, obtuse, glabrous,
minutely ciliate. Corolla urceolate, glabrous outside, densely bearded
with white hairs at the mouth of the tube and with 5 tufts of deflexed
hairs within ; tube 1 J lin. long, about 1 lin. in diam. at the broadest

Ma7'sdenia.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 423

part ; lobes | lin. long, -| lin. broad, erect, oblong-ovate, obtuse and
slightly emarginate at the apex, glabrous. Coronal-lobes I- J lin. long,
arising at the base of and about as long as the pollen-bearing part of
the anthers, erect, thin in the dried state, closely applied to the backs
of the anthers and easily overlooked. Staminal-column arising from
the base of the corolla, 1 lin. long; filament part "r lin. long, rather
stout; anthers erect, subquadrate in the adnate basal part, which has
very small projecting horny wings ; pollen-bearing part free, oblong,
terminated by short oblong-lanceolate acute connivent membranous
appendages exceeding the coronal-lobes. Style not produced beyond
the anther-appendages ; terminal pait conicfil, acute.

ITile ]Land. British East Africa : Kabai Hills, near Mombasa, Taylor !

Thin species is very distinct from all the otlier African members of the ^'enu^.
an 1 may be best likened to M. vernicnlosa, Decne., from Madatjascar, from which it
differs in its foliage and distinct filamtntal part to the staminal-column.

8. M. efulensis, N. E. Br. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 24'J7. Stem
twining, woody, glabrous. Leaves distant; petiole 1-H in. long;
blade 3-4^ in. long, lJ-2-|- in. broad, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly
cuspidate-acute, with a cusp about -| in. long, rounded at the base,
glabrous on both sides. Cymes umbel-like, sessile, axillary and from
both axils of each pair of leaves, lU-12-fiowered ; pedicels G-S lin.
long, slender, very minutely asperate, or almost glabrous. Sepals
elliptic-ovate, obtuse, ciliolate, with a few minute hairs on the back.
Corolla subrotate; tube |-J lin. long, broadly campanulate ; lobes
1J-1| lin. long, 1 lin. broad, widely spreading, ovate, obtuse, glabrous
outside, puberulous within, green. Coronal-lobes 1} lin. long, erect,
overtopping the staminal-column, and adnate to it at their lower part,
free above, concave on the back and winged on each side at the base,
the middle part laterally compressed into a broad oblong wing-like
gibbosity at the middle, and the apex abruptly contracted into a subulate
point, glabrous. Staminal-column 1 lin. long ; anthers oblong, erect,
with broadly ovate membranous appendages incumbent on the very
convex or shortly conical style-apex.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Efuleu, Bates, 378 I

9. M. angolensisy N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 18I):>, 258. Stem
twining, slender, with a short soft dense pubescence, mingled with long
spreading hairs. Leaves spreading ; petiole 1-1 A in. long, pubescent like
the stem; blade 2-3 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad, cordate-ovate, acuminate,
pubescent above, subtom en tose beneath. Cymes s\ibaxillary, sub.ses,sile,
about 1J-1| in. long and 2-3 in. in expanse, lax, composed of 2-3
primary branches, which are once or twice dichotomously divided, each
division terminating in an umbel of 10-14 flowers, softly pubescent on
all parts ; pedicels 4:-5 lin. long. Sepals ^-1 lin. long, A-ji lin. broad,
obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, very obtuse. Corolla retrorsely
pubescent outside; tube lJ-2 lin. long, campanulate, retrorsely pubes-
cent within ; lobes §-1 lin. long, spreading, elliptic-oblong, very obtuse,
fleshy, glabrous on the inner face. Coronal-lobes as long as the stammal

424 Lxxxv. AscLEriADEiE (brown). [MoTsdenia.

column, 1 J lin. long, somewhat compressed, adnate in the lower half, which
is deeply grooved on the back, with slightly spreading wing-like sides ;
apical half free, linear-oblong, obtuse or acute, slightly concave on the
inner face, incurved over the backs of the anthers and apex of the style.
Anther-appendages h lin. long, deltoid or ovate, acute, free, connivent
around the stout subhemispherical apex of the style, which does not
exceed them in length. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw, i. C92.

Iiower Cruinea. Aiig-ola : Pimgo Andongo ; in tliit-kets in tlic Prsesidium at
Canibondo, TFelwitsch, 4245 ! Huilla ; in woods to the west of Lopollo, 5200 ft.,
Welwitsch, 4250 !

10. M. leonensis, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 455. St;em twining,
minutely puberulous, slender. Leaves spreading or defiexed ; petiole
1-1 J in. long; blade ^-4 in. long, l-o-lf ij^- broad, cordate-oblong,
abruptly acuminate into an acute point J-J in. long, glabrous on both
sides. Cymes subaxillary, | in. long, pedunculate, two-branched, puber-
ulous ; branches \-\ in. long, bearing several flowers racemosely
arranged; bracts minute ; pedicels H-2 lin. long, puberulous. Sepals
barely 1 lin. long, elliptic or orbicular, very obtuse, puberulous. Corolla
glabrous outside ; tube | lin. long, broadly campanulate, with long
retrorse white hairs within, and 5 tufts of similar hairs on minute tuber-
cles at the sinuses of the corolla-lobes, which are as long as the tube,
ovate, subacute. Coronal-lobes arising at the base of and a little shorter
than the J lin. long staminal-column, adnate at their basal half to the
column and dorsally pioduced into dark-coloured ascending tooth-like
tubercles, which are grooved behind, distinctly confluent at their base
and reach up between the pairs of anther- wings to their middle or a
little beyond ; their aj)ical half free, subulate, acute, white, erect,
applied to the backs of the anthers. Staminal-column with the filament
part undeveloped, and the anther-wings extending nearly to its base ;
anther-appendages ovate-oblong, obtuse, longer than broad, incumbent
on the short conical style-apex, which they cover. — Walp. Ann. iii. 61.

Upper G-uinea. Sierra Leone, Vogel !

11. M. glabriflora, Benth. m Hook. Niger Fl. 455. A woody
climber, with hollow glabrous stems. Leaves spreading; petiole J-lJ
in. long; blade 1^-3 in. long, f-lj in. broad, oblong-ovate, acuminate,
cordate at the base, with a broad open sinus and rounded lobes, glabrous
on both sides. Inflorescence terminal and subaxillary on the lateral
shoots, cymose or cymose-paniculate ; flowers small, racemosely arranged
and rather crowded on the short puberulous branches ; pedicels 1-1 J
lin. long, puberulous. Sepals ^-| lin. long, elliptic or orbicular-ovate,
obtuse, sparsely puberulous, ciliolate. Corolla 1-1 J lin. long, glabrous
inside and out, or with here and there a hair in the campanulate tube ;
lobes as long as the tube, deltoid-ovate, acute. Corolla-lobes not quite
reaching to the tops of the | lin. long staminal-column ; basal part
adnate, fleshy, grooved behind ; apical half free, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
applied to the backs of the anthers. Anther-appendages short, some-
what inrolled over the tips of the anthers and resting on the margin of

Marsdenia.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 425

the hemispherical style-apex, which is slightly raised above them. —
Walp. Ann. iii. 61.

"Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Vojel !

Var. orhicidaris^ N". E. Br. Sepals glabrous. The free iijiical part of the
coronal-lobes orbicular, obtuse. Follicles 3 in. lono^ and about \ in. tliick, but un-
ripe, lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, ^^labrous. All the rest as in the type.

Upper Guinea* Southern Nigeria : River Bonny, Mann !

12. M. raoemosa, K. Schum. in Enyl. Jahrh. xvii. 147. A
vigorous climber with milky juice ; flowering part of the stem 1-2 lin.
thick, terete, hollow, and together with the petioles, nerves of tlie leaves
beneath, and all parts of the inflorescence (except the corolla) more or
less pubescent with short curved hairs, densest on the inflorescence.
Leaves spreading; petiole |-5 in. long; blade 1^-5 in. long, 1-4} in.
broad, broadly cordate-ovate, cuspidate-acuminate ; b.isal sinus varying
from narrow to broad and open ; both sides sprinkled with short hairs or
glabrous except on the nerves beneath ; veins conspicuously reticulate
beneath. Panicles cymose, lateral, H-8 in. long, including the \--\
in. long peduncle, formed of 2-5 alternate branches J-4J in. long, e;ich
with numerous 2-4:-flowered fascicles of small flowers racemosely
scattered along them ; pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Sepals \-\ lin. long,
elHptic, obtuse. Corolla 2i-3 lin. in diam., 5-lobed to below the
middle, rotate, yellow ; lobes 1-1} lin. long, oblong-ovate, subacute,
glabrous outside, retrorsely and sparsely pubescent with fine silky hairs
on the basal part within. Coronal-lobes arising from the base of the
staminal-column, shorter than the anthers, their basal part adnate to
the column, and dorsally produced into radiating tuberc-les that are
grooved behind or beneath and somewhat compressed into a ridge above,
their apical part free, erect, subulate, acute, applied to the backs of the
anthers. Style convex at the apex, slightly exceeding the anther-
appendages, which are incumbent upon it. Staminal-column (including
the style) f lin. long.— Durand and Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 104 ;
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. G92. M. lalifolia, Schlechter, Westafr.
Kautschuk-Exped. 309. Gongronema lati folium, Benth. in Hook. Niger
Fl. 450; Walp. Ann. iii. C2 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 2:U;.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: Kuabu, 2000 ft., Johnson, 649! Tngo,
Baumann, 465 ! Lagps : Ikoraclu, Schlechter, 13(X)0; interior, Boidand !

liower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Don! Gaboon: near Libreville,
Schlechter, 12823. Angola: Golungo Alto; forests of the ln<rher niou .tjiins of
Queta, Welwitsch, 4228 !

Soutb Central. Lunda : Luhn River, Pogge, 1249 !

The Angolan specimens have smaller leaves and panicles, })rob:ibly raused by the
drier climate, but show no other difference.

13. M. profasa, i\\ E. h\ in Kew BuUelin, 1^^05, J.".s. A
vigorous climber, with a hollow glabrous stem. Leaves thin ; })etioIe
1-2 in. long; blade 3-5 in. long, 2-3^ in. broad, elliptic-cordate, cuspi-
date or acuminate, with a cusp \ in. long, glabrous on both sides ; b:usal
lobes broadly rounded, sometimes overlapping, with a narrow sjiins i in.

42G Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [MaQ'sdenia..

deep between them ; veins conspicuously reticulate beneath. Panicles
5-8 in. long, lateral, composed of 3-5 distant simple alternate (uni-
lateral ?) branches l|-2-J in. long, bearing several sessile umbels of
small white flowers scattered along them, minutely and sparsely puberu-
lous ; pedicels 1|-1| lin. long, puberulous. Sepals h lin. long, and
nearly as broad, broadly elliptic, obtuse, very minutely ciliate. Corolla
rotate-campanulate, 1 J lin. in diam., 5-lobed to | the way down ; lobes
I lin. long, ovate, acute, glabrous. Coronal-lobes arising from near the
base of the staminal-column, erect, free, closely applied to the backs of
the anthers, and subinflexed over their tips, flat, oblong, subacute ; no
tubercular dilatations at the base of the staminal-column, which is barely
I lin. long and is almost destitute of the filamental portion ; anther-
wings nearly touching the bottom of the corolla.

ITpper Guinea. Southern Nigeria : Brass, Barter, 16 !

" Twining on shrubs and trees, with a profusion of wliite flowers," Barter.

40. PERGULARIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 773.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube inflated at the base ;
lobes overlapping to the left and straight or twisted in bud. Corona of
5 erect lobes arising from the base of the staminal-column and adnate
to it in their lower part, free above, with a narrow or subulate process
on their face. Staminal-column arising from the base of the corolla ;
anthers oblong, erect, with long erect membranous appendages conni-
vent over the apex of the style. Pollen-masses solitary in each anther-
cell, erect, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by very short
caudicles. Style not exceeding the anther-appendages, apical part
stout, pentagonal-ovoid. Follicles smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft
of hairs. — Stem twining. Leaves opposite. Flowers of moderate size,
numerous, in pedunculate or subsessile umbel-like cymes, subaxillary or
lateral between the bases of the petioles.

Species several, mostly Indian and Malayan, 1 in Tropical Africa, which also
extends into South Africa.

1. P. africana, ^\ E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 259-. Stem
climbing, slender, glabrous. Leaves spreading, thin ; petiole J-3 in.
long ; blade 2-4 in. long, 1-3 in. broad, ovate-oblong to very broadly
ovate, shortly cuspidate into an obtuse point, varying from rounded to
cordate or occasionally cuneate-acute at the base, both sides glabrous or
sparsely and minutely puberulous above. Umbels lateral or subaxillary,
many-flowered ; peduncles 0-5 lin. long, minutely puberulous or sub-
glabrous ; bracts minute, ovate ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long, glabrous.
Sepals lJ-2 lin. long, lanceolate or ovate, acute, glabrous, minutely
ciliate. Corolla yellow ; tube 3-4 lin. long, globose-inflated in the
lower half, constricted above, somewhat plicate, glabrous outside, inside
densely hairy at the throat and in the upper half, glabrous with 5 lines of
hairs alternating with the coronal-lobes in the lower half ; lobes 3J-6 lin»
long, J lin. broad, linear, obtuse, very spreading, reflexed or re volute,

Pergularia.] lxxxv. asclepiade.« (brown). 427

and sometimes twisted, shortly villous or bearded on their face, twisted
to the right in bud. Coronal-lobes adnate for J of their length to the
staminal-column at the base, expanded above into an elliptic-lanceolate,
orbicular-obovate or obovate-oblong blade 1-lJ lin. long, obtuse, sub-
truncate and subdenticulate or subacute at the apex, with a linear oi
lanceolate-attenuate acute process 1 lin. long, arising at or a little above
the middle of their inner face and connivent over the staminal-column.
Anther-appendages |-1 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, connivent.
Style much shorter than the anther-appendages, apical part ovoid,
obtuse. — P. sanguinolenta, Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Hot. iv.
29, and K. Schum. in Engl. PH. Ost-Afr. C. 820, not of Lindley.

ITpper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near Kafo;:jo, Scott-Elliot, o4H0 ! wool's about
Bufodeya, <S'co/'/-i7//o^ 5498 ! 5553! Lag'os : interior, i?o«i7anrf .' \]i\\i'. Barter,
3332 ! . Ni„'er Territory : Nupe, Barter! Old Calabar, Thomson, 113 !

Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Zomba, Whute !

Also in Natal.

41. POCKEA, Endl. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 11?>.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube very short ; lobes spreading, over-
lapping to the left or twisted in bud. Corona arising at the mouth of
the corolla-tube at the insertion of the staminal-column and longer than
it, tubular, toothed at the top and with teeth on the inner face of the
tube, which are arranged in 2 distinct superposed series of 5, or the
lower series dorsally adnate to the upper series so as to appear as one
series of unequally bifid teeth, opposite to or alternating with the
longer teeth of the tube, decurrent on the lower part of the tube as a
prominent keels or 5 pairs of keels. Staminal-column inserted in the
throat or at the mouth of the corolla-tube ; anthers erect, triangular,
their appendages very large, erect, membranous, inflated. Pollen-
masses erect, solitary in each anther-cell, very flat and thin, sessile in
pairs at the apex of the minute pollen-carriers. Style produced to
about the level of the top of the anther-cells ; terminal part terete or
thickened and somewhat 2-lobed at the apex. Follicles not echinate.
Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Perennials with large tuberous
rootstocks and twining stems. Leaves opposite. Flowers in axillary
clusters, cymes, or very short dense racemes.
Species few, some of them natives of South Africa.

This genus is very remarkable on account of the large inflated anther-appendajfcs
and the flat thin pollen-masse>:. It appears to form a connectiui: link b. tu..Mi tin
tribes SecamonecB and Marsdenieoe.

Flowers in corymb-like cymes ; i>edicels 2-7 lin.
long.
Corolla-lobes glabrous within, subiu-ute . . .1. F. viuitijlom.
Corolla-lobes tinely pubescent within, obtuse . . 2. F. Schinzu.
Flowers in axillary clusters or very shortly and densely
spirate ; pedicels not more than \ lin. Icng.
Corolla-lobes 3-3] lin. long . . ' . . . 2. F. sessiliflora.
Corolla-lobes 5-7 lin. long ^ F. Lutjardt.

428 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). \^Fockea.

1. F. multifloray K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 145. Stems
not manifestly twining, rather stout, sparsely leafy or leafless during
flowering, pubescent on the young parts ; bark brown. Leaves densely
tomentose on both sides; petiole 3-4 J lin. long; blade j-2 m. long,
.\-| in. broad, ovate, acute, truncate or subcordate at the base. Cymes
corymb-like, many-flowered, axillary ; peduncles J- J in. long ; pedicels
4J-7 lin. long, subtomentose. Sepals Ih lin. long, pubescent. Corolla
glabrous on both sides or most minutely papillate (not pubescent) within ;
tube 1^ lin. long ; lobes o| lin. long, rotate, oblong, subacute, revolute
along the margins. Corona 20-toothed, besides the teeth within ; tube

1 lin. long ; the 5 longer teeth IJ-l J lin. long, spirally coiled at the tips,
each alternating with a group of 3 shorter recurved teeth \—}y lin. long ;
teeth within the tube 5, filiform, |-1 lin. long, with or without a very
short or rudimentary tooth at about their middle on the dorsal side,
adnate nearly to the top of the tube, forming 5 keels on the lower part
of the latter. Anther-appendages large, inflated-oblong. Style with

2 rounded knobs at its apex. — K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 326,
and in Engl, and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 294, fig. 90, P-U, and 290.

XMEozaml). Bist. German East Africa : Uzinja; near the French Mission at
Usambiro, Stuhhnann, 848!

In this species and in F. Schinzii, N. E. Br., tlie inner or lower coronal teeth
within the tube are longer than those next above, which are aflnate to them for the
greater part of their length.

2. F. Schinzii, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1S9.'), 259. Stem
tv>^ining, rather stout, ^-\ in. thick, with a brown bark and small
scattered tubercles at the lenticels, shrivelling in drying, minutely and
densely pubescent or subtomentose on the young shoots, becoming
glabrous, leafless at the time of flowering. Undeveloped leaves accom-
panying the flowers 2j-;3 lin. long, 1-1 1 lin. broad, oblong, obtuse,
densely tomentose ; midrib very prominent beneath ; petioles 1-1^ lin.
long ; scars of the fallen leaves very large. Cymes corymb-like, axillary,
or terminal on very short lateral shoots or tubercles, rather dense and
compact or shortly panicled, many-flowered, pedunculate ; the whole
inflorescence 1-8 in. long, hoary-tomentose on all parts except the
corolla; pedicels 2-5 lin. long. Sepals 1-1 J lin. long, ovate, acute.
Corolla G-7 lin. in diam. ; tube 1 lin. long ; lobes 3J-4 lin. long,
narrowly oblong, obtuse, w^ith revolute margins, glabrous on the back,
finely pubescent all over the inner surface. Corona 20-toothed besides
the teeth within; tube 1 lin. long; 5 principal teeth |-J lin. long,
erect, not spirally coiled at the tips, each alternating with a group of 3
shorter recurved teeth i-J lin. long; teeth within the tube in 5 super-
posed pairs adnate nearly to the top of the tube and to each other,
forming 5 prominent keels, the outer or upper tooth of each pair |- J
lin. long, inner or lower tooth J-J lin. long. Anther-appendages about
as long as the corona-tube, erect, inflated-ovate. Style not exceeding
the anther-cells ; apical part terete, subentire or minutely 2-5-lobulate
at the apex. Follicles 8-9 in. long, 1 in. thick, lanceolate-fusiform,
acuminate into a beak, smooth, glabrous, with a keel down each side.

FockeaP^ lxxxv. asclepiade^ (browx). \')[)

Seeds 5 lin. long, \ in. broad, ovate, concavo-convex, niar<;inec],
glabrous, pale yellowish-brown. — F. midtifwa, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pi!
Welw. i. Gl)3, not of K. Schum.

Xiower Guinea. Angola : liumbo ; in Matas do Untcato, Ix'tween HtnnUonnd
Bruco ; Welivitsch, 41941 German Sontli-wost Afrit-a : Ainlx.l.tii.l ; Omhanja,
Schinz, 5 !

f>. F. sessiliflora, Schlechter in Fiifjl. Jahrh. xx. Jtpihl. ."»!, 41.
Stem woody, glabrous. Leaves erect or somewhat spreading, 'l~\}i in.
long, 4-7 lin. broad, lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, acute, narrowed
into the very short petiole, usually revolute or undulate alonf' the
margins, glabrous. Flowers few, sessile, clustered in the axils of tlie
leaves. Sepals lanceolate-triangular, much shorter than the corolla,
thinly puberulous, mealy. Corolla-lobes ?>-?)\ lin. long, slightly spread-
ing, linear- ligulate, obtuse, flexuose, thinly puberulous on both sides.
Outer corona tubular, with 5 short trihd lobes, the lateral teeth of
which are rather shorter than the middle tooth ; median coronal-lobes
filiform, erect, adnate far up the outer corona-tube and half longer than
it, with the inflexed margins below the middle forming 10 parnllel
keels ; inner coronal-lobes opposite those of the median corona and half
as long, scarcely equalling the tube of the outer corona to which they
are adnate high up. Anther-appendages lanceolate, obtuse, 0-4 times
as long as the anthers.

nXozaml). Dist. Transvaal : near Klipdani, 4500 ft. SchlecJdet; 4493.

This locality is just south of the Tropic of Capricorn, but in all probability tbe
plant will be found lo occur in tbe tropical part of tbe Transvaal. Scblecbtcr
regards the superposed teeth witbin tbe coronal-tube as belotiging to 2 distinct
coronal whorls : I regard them as mere ap])endages of one, such as occur in Ci/niiu-
chu7n, Schizofjlossiim, and Asclepias.

4. F, Lugardi, X. E. Br. Stem creeping on rocks, under 1 ft.
high (LiKjard), probably also twining, |-1 lin. thick, puheruloii.s on the
young parts, becoming glabrous. Leaves large, spreailing; j)etiole
1 J-2 lin. long ; blade 1-3| in. long, J-1 in. broad, lanceolate or ohlong-
lanceolate, obtuse or acute, more or less cuneate at the base. Hat,
glabrous on both sides. Inflorescence axillary, subses.-^ile or shortly
pedunculate, spicate ; axis stout, 2-G lin. long (including the peduncle) ;
flowers subsessile, densely crowded, developing successively; l^rncts
minute, ovate, subtomentose ; pedicels about h lin. long, subtomento.'-e.
Sepals h lin. long, elongate-deltoid, acute, subtomentose Corolla
green, subtomentose outside, minutely puberulous on the bnsiil part of
the lobes inside, otherwise glabrous ; tube about A lin. long, broadly
funnel-shaped ; lobes spreading, much twi.sted in bud, i>-7 lin. Jong,
|-1 lin. broad at the base, narrowly linear, obtuse ; margins strongly
reflexed or revolute. Corona tubular, with about '2(\ unequal tet-th
besides the teeth within; tube l^-U Hn. long; .') longer teeth J 1
lin. long, linear, acute, bifid or irregularly denticulate at the aj>ex,
with a small subulate inflexed tooth on each side inside the base,
alternating with 1 or more minute irregular teeth; teetli within the

4;^>0 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brow^). [Fockeu,

tube 10, in two superposed series alternating with the longer teeth of
the tube, upper series arising near the top of the tube and decurrent as
keels within it, IJ-lJ Hn. long, linear, thicker than the teeth of the
tube; lower series arising near the middle of the tube J lin. long.
8taminal-column with scarcely any filament-part ; anther-appendages
large, about 3 times as long as the anthers, reaching slightly beyond the
middle of the corona-tube, inflated-oblong, obtuse.

Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Ngamiland ; on tlie Kwebe Hills,
:)000 ft., Lvgard, 299 I

42. LEPTADENIA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 778.

Calyx 5-lobed to the middle or nearly to the base. Corolla deeply
5-lobed, rotate or with a very short campanulate tube and spreading
lobes, valvate in bud, pubescent or bearded within. Corona of 5 short,
transverse or rounded, fleshy lobes, tipped with a tuft of hairs, or with
a subulate hairy point, inserted at the sinuses of the corolla. Staminal-
column arising from the bottom of the corolla, sometimes with a slightly
prominent inconspicuous undulate fleshy ring at the base; anthers
incumbent on the top of the style, subhorizontal or suberect, without
an appendage. Pollen-masses subhorizontal or suberect, solitary in each
anther-cell, pellucid at the apex, attached in pairs by short caudicles to
the pollen-carriers. Follicles smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of
hairs. — Shrubs, with twining or erect, rigid, much branched, rush-like
stems. Leaves opposite or none, very variable in the same species.
Cymes umbel-like, lateral between the bases of the leaves or
subaxillary, subsessile or pedunculate, many-flowered; flowers small.

Species 5 or 6 ; one of the African species extsnds through Egypt into Ambia
and India, besides 1 oilier in India and 1 in Madagascar.

Leafy twiners.

Corolla-lobes 2-2^ lin. long, densely bearded inside

with long jointed hairs 1. X. lancifolia.

Corolla-lobe^ 1-1^ lin. long, pubescent inside . 2. L. heterophylla.

Leafless shrubs.

Branches terete, slender 3. i. Spartium.

Branches compressed, jointed . . . .4. L.? visciformis.

1. L. lancifolia, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser. ix. 269. Stem
twining, densely covered with a very minute tomentum. Leaves
spreading ; petiole J-f in. long ; blade 1-5 in. long, J-1 J in. broad,
very variable in form, usually ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, and cuneate, rounded or subcordate at the base, but
sometimes subhastate-ovate or linear-oblong or linear, w^ith a cordate,
subhastate or rounded base, all forms occurring on different branches
of the same stem, both sides puberulous, sometimes becoming glabrous
on the upper surface, sometimes both sides become more . or less sca-
brous. Umbels lateral, pedunculate, many-flowered, minutely tomen-
tose in all parts; peduncles 2-7 lin. long; pedicels l|-3 lin. long.
Calyx 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 1-2 lin. long. Corolla campanu-

Zeptadenia.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (buown). 431

late or rotate-campanulate ; tube 1 lin. long; lobes 2-2.^ lin. Ion"-
twisted, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, more or less reflexed'
along the margins, minutely tomentose and green outside, densely
bearded inside with long jointed white hairs on the apical :-f, pubescent
on the basal part, exiJept a narrow glabrous space up "the middle.
Coronal-lobes inserted at the sinuses of the corolla, i|-ll li^. Jong,
fleshy, ovate or rounded and glabrous at the base, contracted Into a subu-
late hairy point ^-1 lin. long. Follicles 3-4 in. long, lanceolate,
attenuate into an obtuse beak, smooth, glabrous. — DC. Prod. viii. 028*
inch var. scabra, Decne. ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 44 ; Hook*.
Niger Fl. 45G. L. hastatum, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 501. L. Jmstata,
Vatke in Linnsea, xl. 217; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost.-Afr. C. :'»27^
and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 2(;9, fig. 79, E-F, and 27(/.
L. cordaia, Hochst. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 028. Cijnanckinn
laywifolium, and C. scabrum, Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI.
150, 152. Tf/lopkora incana. Brunner in Flora, 1840, ii. Beibl. 2(1.
T. sijringcBfoLia, Spruner ex Walp. Bep. vi. 491 (a false reference to
T. incana, Brunner), not of E. Meyer.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia: near Richard Toll, Bollinger ! near Laiupsar,
Roger! by the River Salum, Brunner, 158! Gold Coast: Aocn, Broicn, 309!
l.agos : Oyo, Barter, 3336 ! Millson, 90! interior, Boiol-md ! Guinea, Thonning !
Bornu : Kuka, on Lake Chad, Vogel, 25 !

Xortb Central. Darfur, Purdy, 78 !

HTlle Ziand, Sennar, Kotschy, 405 ! Fazokl, Kotschy, 559 1 Kordofan,
Pfund, 451 ! 745 ! Abyssinia : near Jelajeranne, Schintper, 626 ! and witliout pre-
cise locality, Schimper, 95i ! White Nile: at Fashoda, Schweinfurth, 1075!
Upper Nile, Freeman Sf Lucas, 87! Gondokoro, Muriel, S, 90! Madi, Speke cf
Grant, 749 !

The variety scahra, Decne., is a condition with scabrous leaves, but sometimes
scabrous leaves and the ordinary puberulous leaves occur on tlie same stem.

Cynanchum hastatum, Pers. Syn. i. 273, and C. lanceolatum, Poir. Kncvol.
Suppi. ii. 430, Roem. & Schult Syst. vi. Ill, are referred by Decaisne to tliis
species, but 1 doubt if the identification is correct, as Peisoon describes tlie flowers
as subsessile, which they are not in this plant ; Poiret does not nppear to have seen
Persoon's specimen, but has merely copied his description and ilnn;jred the name.

2. I«. heterophylla, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Xat. 2 sir. ix. 270.
Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves very variable ; petiole ^-1^ in. long ;
blade J-3 in. long, J-2 in. broad, sometimes linear or linear- lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, with a hastate base and rounded auricles, but
usually varying from lanceolate or ovate and acuminate at the apex, to
elliptic, obtuse and apiculate or acute at the apex, cuneate, rounded,
subtruncate or cordate at the base, glabrous on both sides. Uuil)els
subaxillary, sometimes two from the same node, pedunculate, several-
flowered ; peduncles 2-7 lin. long, glabrous ; pedicels o-4 lin. long,
minutely puberulous. Calyx campanulate, ^ lin. long, puberulous,
5-lobed to half-way down ; lobes ovate, acute. Corolla 2-2 A lin. in
diam. ; tube as long as the calyx; lobes 1-1 1 lin. long, very sprenling,
oblong-ovate or linear-lanceolate, subacute, somewhat keeled on the
apical half, slightly reflexed along the margins, canescent on the hack,

432 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Leptadeuici.

pubescent on the face, except a median depressed glabrous line at their
base. Coronal-lobes inserted at the sinuses of the corolla, minute,
fleshy, rounded, glabrous, dorsally tipped with a tuft of rather
long hairs. Follicles solitary, 2|-3 in. long, 4-5 lin. thick, lanceolate,
obtusely acuminate, smooth, glabrous. Seeds 2^-'d lin. long, narrowly
ovate-lanceolate, concave-convex, glabrous. — DC. Prod. viii. G28 ;
Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzen-
tam. iv. ii. 270, and in Ann. Instit. Bot. Roma, vii. 41. L. Forskalii,
Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. *2 ser. ix. 269, t. 10, fig. B., and in DC. Prod,
viii. 628 ; A. Pich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 45 ; Yatke in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr.
1876, 146 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. ii. 270.
L. ahyssinica, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 628 ; A. Bich. Tent. Fl. Abyss.
ii. 45 ; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz. 1892, 349 ; K. Schum. in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 270 ; Martelii, Florul. Bogos. 55.
L. Belilii, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 628. L. pallida, Hochst., and
L. schimperiana, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 101. Cynanchum hetero-
phyllum, Delile, Cent. Plant. Afr. Yoy. Meroe, 47, t. 63, fig. 4.

xrortb Central. Darf ur, Purdy, 79 !

xrile Siand. Eritrea : Shotel, on the slopes of the Zedamba, Beccari, 105 !
Abyssinia : by the Eiver Tacazze, Schimper, 166 ! 632 ! near Geleb and at the
torrents Belta and Lava, Penzig (ex Penzig) ; Modat Province, Schimper, 1007 !
Somak, Efat, Moth, 411! Somaliland, Miss Cole! Riva, 1038, and PoheccM-
Bricchetti, 327 (ex Schmnann). Sennar, Kotschy^ 169! White Nile: at the
6th Cataract, Seine eivfurth, 469 ! at Kir,i;eh, Sehiveinfurth, 609 ! near Khartoum,
Schiveinfurth, 768 ! between New and Old Dongola, Bromfield ! Wod Schellai,
Schiceinfurth, 934 ! Blue Nile : near Snba Deleib, Muriel, L, 9 !

This plant was figured by Alpino in 1592 (PI. ^gypt. 53, with fig.), under the
name of Secamone, which figure has been erroneously referred to Secamone Alpini,
Schnltes, and Oxystelma Alpini, Decne., which see.

?y. Ij. Spartium, Wight, Contrih. Bot. Ind. 48. A much branched
leafless bush (rarely with leaves on the young shoots), attaining a height
of 5-10 ft. ; trunk 4-6 in. thick ; branches erect, slender, terete, straight,
puberulous on the tips of the growing shoots, soon becoming glabrous ;
1-2 nodes at the growing apex alone provided with minute subulate
ifaves 1-2 lin. long, which soon fall aEway, or rarely remain on the young
shoots and grow out to 1-2 in. long, J-l J lin. broad, linear, acute.
Umbels subaxillary, several-flowered ; flowers successively developing so
that a short floral axis up to 2 lin. long is sometimes formed ; peduncles
1-2 lin. long; pedicels |-1 lin. long, puberulous. Calyx f lin. long,^
5-lobed to the middle, puberulous ; lobes ovate, subacute. Corolla '2-2^
lin. in diam., subrotate; tube funnel-shaped, as long as the calyx ; lobes
1 lin. long, ovate, acute, thickened in the apical half, slightly reflexed
along the margins, glabrous outside, pubescent inside, with the tube and
a central line at the base of the' lobes glabrous. Coronal-lobes at the
sinuses of the corolla very small, fleshy, tubercle-like or, semicircular,
pubescent at the apex ; staminal-corona minute, annular, close to the
base of the ^ lin. long staminal-column. Follicles 3J-4J in. long, \ in.
thick, terete, attenviate into a long beak. Seeds 4 lin. long, 1-1 i lin.

Leptadenia.] lxxxv. asclepiade.k (uuowx). 435

broad, narrowly lanceolate, plano-convex, glabrous. — Decne. in DC.
Prod. viii. 629 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 04. L. gracilis, Decne., L.
pi/rotechnica, Decne., and L. jacquemontiana, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2
ser. ix. 2G9-270, and in DC. Prod. viii. G29 ; K. Schum. in Ann. Istit.
Bot. Roma, vii. 41. L. jacquemontiana, Hook. Ic. Pi. ix. t. b^H. L.
gracilis and L. pTjrotechnica, K. Schum. in Engl, and Prantl, Ptlauzenfam.
iv. ii. 269, fig. 79A and D, excl. B-C, and 270. Cynanchum pyro-
technicum, Forsk. Fl. ^gypt.-Arab. 53; Delile, Descrip. de I'Egypt.
Hist. Nat. ii. 54, t. 20, fig. 3. jSarcosiemma jryrotechiiicum, Koem. and
Schult. Syst. vi. 116. Microhma jyyrotechnicum, Spreng. Syst. i. 855.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Roger ! Heudelot, 482 I

KTortJti Uentral. Kanem : Tiboo country, Voyel !

TSiie Xiaad. Nubia, Bromjield ! Bent ! Speke 4' Grant, 775 ! bi-tween
S'lsiikin and Berber, Sckweinfurth 460 I ser. iii, 35! Kordofan : Wiidi Muwni, Pfund,
397 ! Sherkela, Muriel, L, 125 ! Soinaliland : from Kes (Ras ?) es t>()gair to Brrbera,
Rohecchi-Bricchetti, 322 (ex Schumann).

Extends through Arabia into the drier pans of India.

4. L. ? visciformis, Vaike in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. 1870, J 4(1. A
leafless much branched shrub, 3 ft. high ; branches and branchlets short,
crowded, subvirgate, compressed, jointed. Leaves reduced to sheath-like
scales surrounding the nodes. Flowers unknown. Follicles mentioned,
but not described.

ISxle S^aiid. British Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, near Maid.. Hildehrandt,
1432.

I have not seen this pLuit. Yatke states that it may be a species of Peripluca,
which recalls to mind by its habit some of the Asiatic species of Jl.scum.

43. ORTHAISTTHEBA, Wight,Contrib. Bot. Ind. 48.

C2i\yx 5-partite. Corolla-tube elongated, more or less in Hated
at the base, often with the inflation extending between the
sepals into 5 blunt angles; lobes 5, erect or spreading, valvate in
bud. Corona arising at or near the base of the staminalcolumn,
of 5 erect /^-shaped lobes, adnate to the column between the
anther-wings, reaching nearly or quite to the base of the anther-
cells, with broad free outstanding margins diverging downwards ;
coronal-lobes at the mouth of the corolla-tube none or reduced to very
minute and inconspicuous papilloe or folds. Staminal-column aiising
from the bottom of the corolla-tube and enclosed in the intlatetl part ;
anthers erect, linear in the fertile part, apiculate ; anther-wings beUw
the pollen-cells decurrent on the filament part, subparallel or diverging
downwards. Pollen-masses erect, with a pellucid margin at the apex,
solitary in each anther- cell, attached in pairs by slender caudicles to the
pollen-carriers. Style equalling or shorter than the anthers which sur-
round the slender conical or needle-like terminal part. Follicles terete
and acute or fusiform and acuminate, smooth. Seeds crowned with
a tuft of hairs.— Erect, virgate shrubs, leafless or with linear leaves,

434 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Orthantkera.

or herbs with leafy stems trailing on the ground. Leaves opposite.
Flowers small or of moderate size, in pedunculate or subsessile umbels or
clusters, lateral or sublateral at the nodes. — Barrowia, Decne. in DC.
Prod. viii. 629.

Species 3, one extending into South Africa and one inhabiting India.

In Benthain and Hooker's Genera Plantarum, Orthantkera is united with Lgpta-
denia. I cannot distinguish Barrowia from Orthantkera, and as the latter name
claims priority it should be substituted for Barroioia.

An erect bush, with stfaight glabrous branches . ,1.0. alhida.

Stems herbaceous, trailing, pubescent or scabrous . 2. O. jasminifiora.

1. O. albida, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenh. xxx. 265.
A much-branched bush ; branches ereot, crowded, slender, white-
glaucous. Leaves distant, erect or ascending, |-1J in. long, J-1
lin. broad, linear, pungent-acute, channelled down the face, subsessile,
glabrous. Umbels lateral at the nodes^ 4-0 -flowered ; peduncles J-1
lin. long, white-tomentose, as well as the bracts and calyx ; bracts about
1 lin. long, linear-subulate ; pedicels -J lin. long or less. Sepals
1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute. Corolla-tube ^\-^\ lin. long, narrow,
slightly inflated below ; lobes 1-J lin. long, erect, linear, subacute,
whitish-pubescent outside, glabrous within ; sinuses between the lobes
with minute fleshy obtuse thickenings. Corona arising about J lin.
above the base of the 1 lin. long staminal-column ; lobes ovate-deltoid,
adnate, with free margins, erect between the anther-wings and scarcely
reaching to their tips. Anthers linear, with short acute appendages,
erect around the slender terete apex of the style, which does not exceed
them. — Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 148 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 266. 0. striata, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i.
694.

iMOwer Guinea. Angola : Loanda, Monteiro ! in rocky maritime situations
to the south of the town of Mo>samedes, Welioitsck, 4259 ! German South-west
Africa: Hereroland; Modderfontein, north of Salem, Giirich, 11 (ex Enjler).
Zwartbiink Mountain, Stapff" (ex Sc?dnz).

Also in Great Namaqualand, south of the Tropic.

2. O. jasminiflora, X. E. Br. ex Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver.
Brandenh. xxx. 265. Rootstock stout, woody. Stems 15-15 ft. long,
procumbent, branching, more or less scabrous or pubescent. Leaves
petiolate, scabrous-pubescent ; petiole 1-5 lin. long ; blade |-2|-
in. long, ^-1 in. broad, linear, linear-oblong, ovate-oblong, ovate or
elliptic, acute at the apex, rounded truncate or cordate at the base,
rather thick and rigid, often wavy or crisped on the margins.
Umbels lateral at the nodes, pedunculate, 2-13-flowered ; peduncle
J-l-| in. long, scabrous; bracts 1-2J lin. long, J-| lin. broad, subulate
or ovate-lanceolate, acute ; pedicels 2-7 lin. long, scabrous or pubes-
cent. Sepals l|-3 lin. long, J-1 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, rather roughly pubescent on the back. Corolla cream-
coloured, strongly scented, pubescent all over the outside, and within
the tube ; tube 3J-9 lin. long, globose-pentagonal {i.e. with 5 inflations

Orthanthera.'] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 435

between the sepals) at the base, cylindric and 1 lin. in diam. above;
Jobes 2^-0, lin. long, 1| lin. broad, more or less spreading, linear-
lanceolate, acute, recurved along the margins, glabrous on tlie inner
face. Coronaljobes I lin. long, adnate to the staminal-column, deltoid,
with broad free outstanding wing-like margins, widely diverging down-
wards, glabrous. Anthers connivent-erect, | lin. long, linear, apiculate.
•Style shorter than the anthers; apical part slender, conical, acute.
Follicles 4 in. long, J in. thick, fusiform, tapering into a long beak. —
-K. Schum. in Engl, tfe Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 2G(')and 1^04, fig. 77,
D-E, inaccurate. 0. brovmiana, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver.
Brandenb. xxx. 2G4 ; K. Schum. in Engl. A: Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
266. Barroivia jasminiflora, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 630 ; Delessert,
Ic. V. 37, t. 88 (inaccurate as to fig. 1). Pergularia ? jasminiflora,
Burch. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 680.

Iiower Guinea. Angola: Amboella ; by the Kuban^o River above Kabimlens
3700 ft., Baum, 362 ! and near Kubulo, 3600 ft., Baum, 429 ! German South-
■west Africa: Amboland ; Oshiheke, Schinz! Olukoncla, Schinz! Omulongo,
Schinz, 144 !

BZozaxub. Dlst. British Central Africa: Ngamiland; near Lake Npauii,
Lugard, 23 !

Also in South Africa.

The Amboland specimens collected by Schinz and described as a distinct species
(O. browniana), differ from typical O. jasminiflora only in their smaller flower.'',
the corolla-tube being 3^-4 lin. long and the lobes 2^-3 lin. long. The specimens
collected by Bar.m and Lugard, however, completely connect the two extreme forms,
so that we must regard O. browniana as merely a small-flowered condition of O.
Jasminiflora. The foliage of this plant varies very much.

44. CEROPEGIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. ii. 77!K

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla tubular, usually more or less inflated at
iihe base, straight or curved, 5-lobed ; lobes free of more or less connate
at their tips, valvate in bud. Corona double, arising from the
staminal-column; outer corona cup-shaped, entire or O-IO-toothed, or
of 5 bifid or bipartite lobes more or less adnate to the inner coronal-
lobes and often appearing to form one series with them, or reduced
to minute pouches alternating with the stamens ; inner corona of o
short or long lobes opposite the anthers and incumbent on them, or
erect, dorsally adnate at their base to the cup of the outer corona, or
laterally to its lobes ; in the latter case, the corona appears to be formed
of 5 lobes with a tooth on each side at their base. Staminal-column
arising a little above the base of the corolla, veiy short and with the
corona included in the inflated part of the corolla ; anthers erect,
ascending or incumbent on the top of the style ; oblong or sulxjuadrate,
unappendaged ; pollen-masses erect, a.scending or subhorizontal, solitary
in each anther-cell, attached in pairs by very short caudicles to the
pollen-carriers, or subsessile upon them. Style not longer than the
anthers, truncate or shortly conical at the apex. Follicles lanceolate
or linear-fusiform, acuminate, smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of

4^ Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown), [Csropegia^.

hairs. — Perennial herbs. E-ootstock a tuber or a fascicle of thick fleshy-
roots. Stems erect or twining, herbaceous or succulent. Leaves
opposite or rarely absent. Flowers large or of moderate size, of singular
forms, solitary, in pairs, in umbel-like cymes or rarely racemose^
lateral at the nodes, rarely terminal.

A large genus of many species, found throughout the tropics of the Old World,
and in extratropical South Africa. The tubers of many species are eoten.
Corolla-lobes free at the tips.
Dwarf plants, stem not twining.

Plowers 1-2 in. long in the dried state . , , 1. C 'pygmoeii'.
Flowers about ^ in. long in the dried state , • 2. C. pumila.
Stem twining or rambling among other plants.

Corolla-tube distinctly pubescent or hairy out-
side.
Corolla-tube 3-5 times as long as the sepals.
Corolla-tube very distinctly narrowed above
tlie inflated base.
Corolla-tube curved, 5-6 lin. long . . 3. C. nigra.

Corolla-tube straight, 8-9 lin. long . . 4. C. kroboensis^

Corolla -tube stout, of nearly equal diameter

throughout Q. C, ringens.

Corolla-tube not longer than the sepals, of equal

diameter throughout, campanulate . . 5. C. loranthifiora.

Corolla-tube glabrous outside ; lobes sometimes
pubescent.
Corolla- tube 2 lin. in diam. at the middle ; lobes

witliout hair-like points . . . . 7. C. sinuata.

Corolla-tube about 1 Im. in diam, at the middle ;

lobes ending in hair-like points . . . 8. C. teniaculata.

Corolla-lobes connate into a slender tube which ter-
minates in rt small globose-pentagonal head . . 9. C. distincta.
Corolla-lobes connate in the upper part for at least \ of
their length into an umbrella-like canopy; stem

erect, not twining 43. C. medoensis.

Corolla-lobes connate or cohering at their tips only.
*Stem twining or rambling among other plants.
fLeaves quite glabrous on both surfaces, but
sometimes ciliolate on the margin ; stem quite
glabrous in. all the specimens examined.
Peduncles ^-4 in. long, and together with the
pedicels glabrous.
Flowers raceraosely arranged along a long
peduncle with distant nodes.
Flowers solitary; corolla-lobes 6-7 lin.

long 34. C, racemosa.

Flowers in pairs or fascicles ; corolla-lobes

3 lin. long . . . . . 20. C. PerrottetU,

Flowers 1-many, subumbellate or crowded at
the end of the peduncle, not distant.
Corolla-tube ovoid-inflated at the base, then
constricted, and with a long fusiform
inflation at the middle / . • 24. C.fusiformis.
Corolla slightly or very distinctly inflated
at the base or basal half only.

1

Oeropegia.

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE.« (bROWN).

437

Inflation distinctly constricted at the
middle ......

Inflation not constricted.

Corolla-lobes not more than 2 lin. long ;

leaves linear-lanceolate
Corolla-lobes 2^-3| lin. long.

Leaves —l lin. broad, very slender;

peduncles \-^ in, long .
Leaves i:i-8 lin. broad, not cordate
at the base ; peduncles j-l^ in.
long.
Leaves subtruncate or rounded at
the base ; corolla-tube and
lobes pilose within.
Leaves §-lA in. long
Leaves 2|-2| in. lung .
Leaves cuneate at the base ;
corolla-tube glabrous within ;
lobes pilose.
Corolla 1^ in. long .
Corolla less than 1 in. long
Leaves G-16 lin. broad, cordate at
the base; peduncles ^-Ik in.
long.
Corolla §-| in. long ; tube 2| In.

in diam. at the mouth .
Corolla 1 in. long; tube 3^-4
lin. in diara. at the mouth .
Corolla-lobes 4|-6 lin. long.

Corolla-tube 9-10 lin. in diam.
at the mouth ; leaves 7-8
lin. broad . . . .

Corolla-tube 1-5 lin. in diam. at
the mouth.
Leaves 12-18 lin. broad
Leaves 2-10 lin. broad.

Corolla-lobes erect, glabrous
(and see 41, C. in-
fausta) ....

Corolla-lobes incurved over
the mouth of the tube
in the form of a globe,
ciliate ....

Corolla-lobes 9-10 lin. long; tube
^ in. in diam. at the mouth
Peduncles none or exceedingly short ; flowers
pedicellate ; corolla rather slender.
Leaves ^-1 lin. broad; sepals 1 lin. long
Leaves 4-8 lin. broad; sepals 2-2,^ lin. loner .
ff Leaves pubescent or puberulous on one or both
surfaces, or at least on the veins beneath.
Stem pubescent, pilose or puberulous all round or
on opposite sides along two broad lines.
Cymes or umbels distinctly pedunculate;
flowers pedicellate. (See also 28, C.
papillata.)

18.

3S.

30.

C. mozambicensis,
C. ant/nsfa.
C. dehilis.

C. ajffinift.

C. ruspoliann.

C. nHotica.
C. hiddumana.

16.

C. nolubilis.

lo

C. beccariana.

19

C. denticulata.

21.

C. sea ud ens.

40.

C. stemxntha.

23.

C. parpura^cens.

32.

C. Lufftirda:.

40.

C. stenanthn, var

41.

C. inf'aH4fa.

VOL. IV.

438

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADEiE (bROWN).

[Ceropegia^

Corolla-tube and lobes pubescent outside .
Corolla-tube and lobes glabrous outside.
Corolla-lobes nearly or quite as long as

the tube, 6-9 lin. long ,
Corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube,
2^— (5 ?) lin. long.
Corolla-tube slightly inflated at the
base ; lobes lanceolate-triangular .
Corolla distinctly globose- or ovoid-
inflated at the base ; lobes linear
or linear-oblong.
Corolla-lobes erect ; tube slightly

dilated at the mouth
Corolla-lobes strongly incurved over
the broadly funnel - shaped
raouth of the tube, which is
4-5 lin. in diam. .
Cymes en* umbels sessile or subsessile at the
nodes ; flowers pedicellate.
Cyuies or umbels in pairs at the nodes;
4-6-flowered .....

Cymes or umbels solitary at the nodes ;
2-20-flowered.
Corolla-tube 4-lin. long.

Corolla-tube and lobes pubescent out-
side ......

Corolla-tube glabrous, lobes pubescent
outside .....

Corolla-tube 8-9 lin. long, glabrous out-
side.
Pedicels pubescent ....

Pedicels glabrous ....

Corolla-tube 12-13 lin. long, glabrous
outside ; pedicels pubescent .
Stem glabrous, or with a pubescent or pnberulous
line along one side only, alternating at the
nodes.
Peduncles ^-1 in. long, and together with tln'
pedicels and corolla-tube outside pube-
scent .......

Peduncles none ; pedicels glabrous, or pube-
scent along one side; corolla-tube gla-
brous outside.
Flowers 1-2 at a node; corolla-tube 2-3 lin.
in diam. at the middle.
Leaves l^-S.] in. long, ovate, coi-date to

subtruncate at the base .
Leaves f-1 in. long, lanceolate, rounded
at tlie base . . . . .

Flowers in dense clusters of 5-20 or more
at each node; corolla-tube ^ lin. in
diam. at the middle . . . .

**Stem erect, not twining.

Corolla-tube 1^-lf in. long ; leaves 4-9 lin. broad,
ovate or oblong-lanceolate . . . .

31,

33.

C. convohmloides.
C. kioebensis.

35. C. setifera.

36.

22.

37.

27.

26.

C. pachystelma.

C. Meyeri-Johannis.

C. liaricyma.

C. Giletii.
C. leucotcenia.

C. papillata.
C. calcarata.

30. C. Meyeri.

25. C. Johnsoni

10.

11.

42.

44.

C. suhfruncata.
C. soholifera.

C.'florihunda.

C. umhraticola..

Ceropegia.] lxxxv. asclepiade^. (rrown). 439

Corolla-tube 1-1 j in. loner; leaves '^-2}, lin. l)roa(l,
linear or linear-lanceolate.
Corolla-lobes 10-1 1 lin. long .... -iS. C. campanulnfa.
Corolla-lobes 3-4 lin. lon^; .... i-H. C. viynahliana.

Corolla-tube ^-5 in. lon^.

Corollii-lol)es about 8 lin. lon^j ; leaves 6-12 lin.

broad IB. C.JilipenduIa.

Corolla-lobes about 5 lin. long ; leaves l.]-5 lin.

brond ....... 47. C. abj/xsinica.

Corolla-lobes less than 4 lin. long.

Leaves ovate or ovatf-oLlong, up to 1 in.

broad ....... 49. C. Sleudneri.

Leaves linciir or lineiu -subulate, J, ^ lin.

broid ....... 50. C. htonilis.

1. C. pygmsea, Schim in. Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenh. xxx. 2G5.
Tuber 1—2 in. in diam., ovoid or subglobose, siibtruncato at the base,
buried 2-3 in. in the ground, emitting a single stem wliich branche.s at
ground-level. Branches erect, 1 ^ -'> in. long, pubescent with minute
curved hairs. Leaves erect or ascending, |— t in. long, 1-5 lin. broad,
from linear to oblanceolate or spathulate-obovate, acute or obtuse,
pubescent with minute curved hairs chiefly along the midrib and
margins ; the broader leaves gradually tapering from above the middle
into a short petiole. Cymes or umbels subaxillary, 1-3-flowered, sessile
or with thinly pubescent peduncles up to 'Ih lin. long; pedicels 5-7 lin.
long, thinly pubescent. Sepals H--i lin. long, lanceolate, acute,
pubescent. Corolla large, pubescent outside, glabrous within, purple-
black when dried, somewhat resembling the flowers of an Aristolochia
in form, the tube being abruptly bent at a right angle below the middle ;
part below the bend |-1 in. long, h in. in diam., ovoid-inflated ; part
above the bend 1-1| in. long, '^>^-4 lin. in diam., tubular, slightly funnel-
shaped at the mouth, which is truncate, with 5 deltoid acute teeth or
lobes 1-1 J lin. long, quite free, replicate, incurved. Outer corona
1-1| lin. long, three times as long as the staminal-column, deeply cup-
shaped, very shortly 5-toothed, sparsely covered with short purple
hairs within ; inner coronal-lobes ] lin. long, linear-subulate, slightly
gibbous at the base, incumbent on tlie backs of the anthers, and not
exceeding them, adnate at their base to the bottom of the outer corona,
glabrous. The entire corona of the same colour as the corolla in the dried
state. — C. gymnopoda^ Schlechter in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 450.

Iiower Guinea. German South West Africa: Ambolmd ; in sundy soil at
Olukonda :ind between Olukonla and Uukuambi, Schinz, 147 ! Uukuanibi, Unuta-
nen, 81 ! 82 !

C. gymnopoda, Schlechter, was described from br.'ad-leived specimens with xeiy
immature flowers; when fully developed the flowers aie idmtical with thost> of
C. pygmcea. Linear and spathulate leaves sometimes occur on the same specimen.

2. C. pumila, iV. /;. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 181»8, 300. Tul>er
flattened, U-2 in. in diam. Stems 2-3 from a tuber, 4-G in. hiidi,
erect, branched, more or le.ss pubescent on the young parts. Leaves
spreading; petiole 1-U lin. long; blade T.-ll lin. long, U-2 lin. broad.

440 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (browji). [Ceropegia.

fleshy, narrowly lanceolate, acute, ciliate on the margins, sparsely
pubescent on the midrib beneath, glaucous-green, paler beneath.
Flowers 1-3 together at the nodes, with occasionally a deflexed
peduncle up to J in. long bearing 2-3 flowers ; pedicels 1 J lin. long,
sHghtly pubescent. Corolla about G lin. long, pubescent and of a lurid
purple-brown outside, glabrous and blackish-purple inside ; tube about
4-5 lin. long, curved or oblique, 2 lin. in diam. at the inflated-ovoid
basal half, constricted below the short funnel-shaped mouth ; lobes
Ih lin. long, free, slightly spreading, tapering from a detoid base to a
short linear point, slightly keeled down the face. Outer corona cam-
panulate, about f lin. long, subtruncate, obscurely 5-toothed, blackish -
purple ; inner coronal-lobes barely J lin. long, incumbent on the backs
of the anthers and shorter than them, dorsally adnate to the outer
corona. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. GOG.

liO'wer truinea. Angola : Huilla ; in a rocky busby place near Lopoll i,
o200 ft., Welwitsch, J-267 !

3. G. nigra, xV. E. Br. in Keio Bidletin, 1895, 261. Stem twining,
pubescent. Leaves spreading; petiole J-J in. long; blade |-1J in.
long, J-1 in. broad and probably larger, ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute or
acuminate, cordate or truncately rounded at the base, both sides with a
short and rather harsh pubescence, but more sparse above. Cymes
umbel-like, suLtsessile, several-flowered ; pedicels 4-G lin. long, pubescent.
Sepals i^~2 lin. long, subulate or lanceolate-subulate, pubescent.
Corolla-tube 5-6 lin. long, curved above the somewhat oblique in-
flated-ovoid base, which is about IJ lin. in diam., narrowed above,
shortly funnel-shaped at the mouth, pubescent outside, glabrous inside
and striate with black in the upper part ; lobes widely spreading, with
free tips, 2 J lin. long, 1| lin. broad at the base, deltoid-ovate, obtuse,
with recurved margins, pubescent on the back, very minutely puberulous
on the inner face at the base and around the mouth of the tube, black
in the dried state. Outer coronal-lobes 1- lin. long, erect, rectangular,
bifid, with slightly incurved teeth, pallid; inner coronal-lobes IJ lin.
long, filiform, erect, with incurved penicillate tips, blackish.

Upper y-uinea. Bs the River Niger, ^ai^ie .'

In the dried state the lobes and raouth of the corolla-tube are black, but as the
same parts of C. krohoeiisis, N. E. Br., are stated to be " metallic blue-green "
when alive, it is probable ti)at C. nigra is also of that colour in the living state, the
two species beiny very similar.

4. C kroboensis, X. E. Br. Stem twining, pubescent, about 1
lin. thick; internodes 8-5 in. long. Leaves spreading; petiole 1-1 J in.
long, pubescent; blade lJ-2-^- in. long, %-l\ in. broad, cordate- ovate,
shortly acuminate, thinly covered with rather long jointed hairs on the
upper side, minutely pubescent beneath, ciiiolate. Cymes lateral at the
nodes, subsessile or very shortly pedunculate, many-.flowered ; very
often a branch originates ?vt the same node ; peduncles 0-2 lin. long,
pubescent ; bracts minute, subulate, pubescent ; pedicels 5-7 lin, long,
slender, minutely pubescent, thickening and growing to about J in. long

Ceropegia.] i.xx;xv. asclepiade.« (brown). 441

-when in fruit. Sepals IJ lin. long, | lin. broad, linear-subulate, acute,
pubescent, ascending. CJorolla metallic blue-green (black in the drie.l
state) on the lobes and in the mouth of the tube, yellow below {Johimon),
pubescent outside, especially on the constricted part and lobes, verv
minutely puberulous at the base of the lobes and around the mouth of
the tube, otherwise glabrous within ; tube straight, 8-'J lin. long,
inflated-cylindric-oblong for about ^ an in. of its length and thereabout
2 lin. in diam. in the dried state, constricted above, very shortly an<l
broadly funnel-shaped at the mouth ; lobes very spreading, not cohering
at the tips, 'l\-2h lin. long, oblong, replicate, 1 lin. broad andsubobtu-e
when flattened out. Outer corona of 5 small emarginate or shortly
bifid lobes about ^ lin. long, forming 5 small pockets, hairy within;
inner coronal-lobes about h lin. long, filiform, incumbent at the base on
the backs of the anthers, then connivent-erect, slightly incurved in the
upper part, dark-coloured in the middle part in the dried state, thinly
hairy at the base, where they are dorsally adnate to the outer corona.
Follicles linear-fusiform, glabrous.

IXpper Crumea. Gold Coast : Kroba Plains, Johnson, 790 !

In the dried state this species is, at first sif^ht, exceediui^ly like C. nit/ra, N. E. Br. ;
it differs, however, in its longer corolla and very different, coronal strucLure.

5. C. lorauthiflora, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 150. Tuber
globose, |-1 in. in diam. Stem li^3 ft. high, twining, more or less
densely pubescent or subtomentose with jointed hairs. Leaves herba-
ceous ; petiole J-| in. long ; blade 1-2 J in. long, J- J in. broad, lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceoiate, acuminate, rounded or cunearely rounded at
the base, pubescent on both sides. Umbels 3-4-flowered, subsessile or
on peduncles about 1 lin. long, all parts, including the outside of the
corolla, covered with spreading jointed hairs; bracts li-3 lin. long,
subulate, recurving; pedicels 4-7 lin. long, rather slender. Sepals
3^-4 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla straight ; tube \ in.
long, about 2 lin. in diam., tubular-campanulate, not inflated at the
base, pubescent outside, glabrous ? inside ; lobes twice as long as the tube,
6-7 lin. long, linear from a deltoid base, replicate, subeiect, with free
tips, densely and minutely puberulous on the inner face, reticulate with
dark-coloured veins on their basal part, at the ba^c the angles formed
by their union project abruptly beyond the diameter of the tube.
Outer coronal-lobes arising J lin. above the biuse of thestaminal-column
and reduced to 5 small pouches not reaching to the level of the Iwuse of
the anthers; inner coronal-lobes about \ lin. long, linear-oblong, obtuse,
incumbent on the backs of the anthers and not produced beyond tlu-m.
Staminal-coluran with T) linear blackish markings iniinetliately umler
the outer coronal-lobes. — K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfum.
iv. ii. 272. C. ahyssinica, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 46 (excl.
synonym C. hirsuta, Hochst.); Vatke in Linna^a, xl. 217; Engl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 343 (not of Decaisne).

Wile Xiaad. Abyssinia: ncir Tchelatchekaniic (Jclajt-ranne), Quartim DUlu* !
.near Guendepta, Schimper {ex Richard) ; Auiopii, llOO ft.. Srhimper, 751 ^ex
Vatke ^ Engler), 781 (ex Schumann); ami wiihout prcciso Ijcality. I'ariyiu !

442 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Ce7^opegia,

Except in hal)it there is no technical character whereby this plant differs fn m
the genus Brachi/stelma.

C. C. ringens, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 48. Rootstock a
globose tuber. Stem twining, slender, pubescent, herbaceous. Leaves
very variable, ovate-lanceolate, acute, emargin ate- cordate or rarely
rounded or gradually attenuate at the base, pilose-pubescent on both
sides. Umbels subsessile, several-flowered ; pedicels hairy. Sepals
lanceolate (" very narrow, linear," in note), acute, hairy. Corolla
curved ; tube 4 times as long as the calyx, inflated at its base, shortly
pilose ; limb oblique ; lobes free, lanceolate-linear, obtuse at the apex,
ciliolate. — Walp. Ann. iii. 67.

M"lle I.and. Abyssinia ; between Mai Gougoua and Debra-Sina, Quartet
Dillon (ex Richard).

I have not seen this species, but the type in A. Richard's Herbarium has been
ex.irnint.'d and a drawing of a flower made forme by Mr. I. H. Kurkill, from whom I
learn that the plant is like Jin entire-leaved specimen of C. sinuata, Decne., except that
the young leaves are more hairy and the corolla-lobes shorter. Mr. Burkill's drawing
of the flower (drawn to scale in its dried state) represents the corolla to be exactly
as in C. sinuata, with the tube "felightly curved, of nearly equal diameter throughout,
6.] lin, long and 2 lin. in diam., and the lobes 21 lin. long. C. convolvuloides,
A. Rich., has been mistaken for this speties by other authors.

7. C. sinuata, Decne. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 47. Stem
twining, more or less pubescent. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole \-^ in.
long; blade 1-2^ in. long, i-lj in. broad, lanceolate to deltoid-ovate or
cordate, acute or acuminate, rounded or cordate at the base, coarsely
and irregularly toothed or sinuate on the basal part or entire, sparsely
pubescent on both sides, ciliolate. Umbels sessile or with peduncles up
to 2 lin. long, 5-7-llowered, all parts except the corolla covered with a
spreading pubescence ; bracts 1-2 lin. long, subulate ; pedicels G-7 lin.
long. Sepals 3-3| lin. long, J lin. broad, lanceolate-subulate. Corolla-
tube 1 in. long, curved above the obliquely ellipsoid-inflated base, which
is \ in. in diam., cylindric up to the mouth above, about 2 lin. in diam.,
glabrous outside and inside ; lobes free and spreading, J in. long, linear
from a deltoid base, acute, replicate, blackish, sparsely pubescent on the
back, glabrous on the face. Outer coronal-lobes arising ^ lin. above the
base of the staminal-column, ^ !in. long, spreading, rectangular, dilated
at the base, truncate at the apex, glabrous; inner coronal-lobes 1 lin.
long, connivent-erect, lineao", obtuse, minutely papillate on the apical
part. — Walp. Ann. iii. 67; Vatke in Linnaea, xl. 218; K. Schum. in
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 327, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
272.

xrile £and. Abyssinia : near Jelajeranne, ScJiimper, 2049! Shireh Pro-
vince, Quartin Dillon (ex Richard) ; Serraba, Schimper, 451 !

nXozamb. Blst, German East Africa, ex Schumann.

Richard describes C. sinuata, as follows : " Rootstock a globose tuber. Stem
slender, twining, pubescent. Leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, obtuse at the base, with
the margin unequally sinuate, slightly hairy, especially beneath. Flowers outside
the axils, 2-3 together, pedicellate; pedicels slender, shortly linii-y. Sepals linear.

Ceropegia.] lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEit (brown). 443

vaBy#|Cute, liidiy outsule. Corolla-tuLe toreti.', straight, scarcely suhinHuttd at the
base, 4 times iis long as the sepnls, puijoscent ; lobes short, luiueolaU', obtuse. In
habit it resenil)les C. abyssinica, Decirc., but is ejisily distinguished by its irregularly
sinuate leaves, and especially by its corolla, in which the tube is 4 times us long as
the calyx and the lo])es very short and obtuse."

My descrii)tion is iiiiule exclusively from Schiinper's 8])ecimen, which was re-
ceived from the Paris Herbarium under this name and bears the satne number ('451)
as the specimen at P;iris, mimed C. sinuata by Decaisne ; but it may not be the
same as Quartin Dillon's plant, which I have not seen, and upon wl'irh A. Kichard
based his description, according to which, his plant differs from Schimper's in having
only 2-3 flowers in an umbel, and a corolla with a straight tube and very short
obtuse lanceolate lobes. Vatke quotes Schimper's number as 491 for this phmt.

8. C. tentaculata, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 2(11. Tuber de-
pressed, li-5 in. in diam. Stem twining, slender, growing to (i-10 ft. in
length, branching, glabrous. Leaves succulent ; petiole l-^^lin.long : blade
;|-2 in. long, ^-1^ in. broad, linear, oblong, ovate-lanceolate, ovate, or
spathulate-ovate or spathulate-oblanceolate, acute or obtu.se, mucronulate,
varying from cuneate-acute to subtruncately rounded at the ba.'-e, glabrous,
often undulate on the margins. Umbels sessile, one-* to many-Howered ;
bracts ^ lin. long, su^bulate ; pedicels 8-5 lin. long, slender, glabrous. Sepals

1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla slightly curved, sometimes
drying nearly or quite straight ; tube 7-0 lin. long, intlated-ovoid and
about J in. in diam. at the base, cylindric and about 1 lin, in diam. above,
slightly funnel-shaped at the mouth, glabrous outside, with a few minute
scattered hairs inside (base of the tube rosy-purple, the rest yellowi.sh,
Wehvitsch) ; lobes free, widely spreading, 5-G lin. long, tapering from a
deltoid base to tine hair-like points, with a few minute hairs on the basal
part (dull yellowish or greenish, Wehcitsch). Outer corona arising j lin.
above the base of the staminal-column, not produced into teeth, but
forming 5 truncate pouches alternating with the stamens ; inner coronal-
lobes I lin. long, erect, linear-spathulate, slightly cohering at their tips
(alway*s?), the entire corona glabrous (greenish, WehcitscJi). Follicles
4-6 in. long, Jj in. thick, linear-terete, acuminate into a beak. Seeds

2 lin. long, oblong-ovate, plano-convex, with a thickened mi^rgin,
glabrous. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 004.

^ow^er Guinea. Angola : Loanda ; in dry hilly places,
the grass plains in Mnceques, near Loanda, Gotistceiler, \}0\
and Ondonga, Schinz !

Var. puherula, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. GUo. Stem:
less puberulous. Flowers dull violet-greenish.

Lower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; in rocky tliieki-ls
Welwitsch, 426S : in s.'indy ihickeis near Lopollo, H'flwitsch,

9. C. distincta, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, isy:., iCl'. St»Mn j.ro-
bably twining, stout, 2-2 J lin. thick, hollow, glabrous. Leaves j.iobably
fleshy, thin in the dried state ; petiole 5-H lin. long; blade 2 :} in. long,
1-2 in. broad, oblong, ovate oblong, ovate-lanceolate, brmdly elliptic-
ovate or elliptic-oblong, shortly and abruptly cuspidate-acute or acut«
or acuminate, cordate, with short broadly roundeil lol>es nt the Use,

Wehvitsch,

427

" I in

Amb

)land :

Om

.itt)i»e

and

leaves

more or

n M.

rn. a.

I...

iH.llo,

fiC.'.t '

144 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADK^ (brown). [Ceropegia.

with a shallow acute sinus between them, glabrous. Peduncles
1-1^ in. long, moderately stout, glabrous, 1-2- (or more?) flowered;
bracts 1 J-3 lin. long, linear or subulate., acute, glabrous ; pedicels
4-8 lin. long, moderately stout, glabrous. Sepals 5-6 lin. long,
1-1 J lin. broad, lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, glabrous. Coroha
glabrous outside, hairy at the mouth and base of the tube inside ;
tube about 1 in. long, abruptly curved at a right angle above its
slightly globose-inflated base, where it is 3-3 J lin. in diam., cylindric
above and about 2 J lin. in diam., shortly dilated into a broad funnel-
shaped mouth about 7-8 lin, in diam. ; lobes about h in. long (only seen
in bud), broa.dly deltoid-ovate at the base, connivent, then contracted
and connate into a short narrow erect tube about ^ in. long, ihen
abruptly dilated at the apex into a small 5- winged depressed knob, nearly
2 lin. in diam. Outer corona ? (decayed and eaten) ; inner coronal-lobes
IJ lin. long, erect, spathulate-linear, obtuse.
nCozaznb. Ilist. Zanguebar, Kirk, 28 !

10. C. subtruncata, JV. E. Br, in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 260.
Stem twining, with one pubescent line. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole
J-J in. long ; blade lf-3J in. long, 1-1 J in, broad, ovate or oblong-ovo.te,
subcuspidate-acuminate, cordate, emarginate or subtruncate at the base,
glabrous above, more or less pilose with jointed hairs beneath, ciliate.
Flowers solitary ; pedicels 7-9 lin. long, thinly pubescent. Sepals 2-4
lin. long, lanceolate-attenuate, with a few short hairs on the back.
Corolla curved, glabrous outside and inside; tube | in. long, rather stout,
about \ in. in diam., slightly inflated at the base, cylindric above, not
dilated at the mouth ; lobes 5 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, erect, with connate
tips,broadlyrhomboidal-obovate, replicate, forming a subtruncate apiculate
limb broader than the tube. Outer corona arising about f lin. above the
base of the staminal-column ; lobes deeply bifld, with teeth J lin. long,
ascending and attaining the level of the anthers, glabrous ; inner
coronal-lobes \\ lin. long, linear, acute, connivent-erect, connected at
•their base to the outer corona by 5 partitions, glabrous.

Zfile ]band> Abyssinia : without precise locality, Schimper, 628 !

11. C. soboUfera, N. E. Br. in Kew BuUetin, 1895, 261.
Subterranean stems apparently widely creeping, tuberous ? Stem
twining, rather slender, with a pubescent line down one side. Leaves
apparently somewhat fleshy ; petiole 2-3 lin. long ; blade |-1 in. long,
2-4 lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at the base, glabrous
above, ciliate and with a few hairs beneath, at least on the nerves.
Flowers in pairs or occasionally solitary; pedicels 3-4 lin. long,
apparently 4-angled, but perhaps from shrinking in drying, glabrous.
Sepals IJ lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla very
slightly curved, glabrous outside and inside ; tube 7-8 lin. long, rather
stout, cylindric, slightly inflated in the lower half and there about J iu.
in diam., about 2^ lin. in diam. at the mouth ; lobes 4 lin. long,
2 lin. broad, connate at the tips, replicate, forming in outline a globose
limb to the corolla, keeled down the face within. Outer coronal-lobes

Ceropegia.'] lxxxv. asclepiade.*: (hiiown). 445

I lin. long, deeply bifid ; teeth linear-attenuiite, obtuse, fringed with
long hairs, and rising above the level of the anthers ; inner coronal-
lobes 1 lin. long, connivenc-erect, linear, dorsally connected at the base
to the outer corona.

Zrile Xiaud. Abyssinia : witliout precise locality, iSchimptr, 463 !

12. C aiiiniSy Vaike in Linnvca, xl. 21 H. Glabrous in all parts
except the inside of the corolla. Stem twining. Leaves somewhat
fleshy; petiole 2-3 lin. long; blade |-1J in. long, l|-f) lin. broad,
linear-oblong, narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, acute or subtrui-
cate and apiculate at the apex, subtruncate or rounded at the base,
narrowly re volute along the margins. Peduncles ^-1 in. long,
umbellately 3-6-flowered ; bracts J lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute ;
pedicels 3-5 lin. long. Sepals 1 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate.
Corolla slightly curved, glabrous outside, clothed inside from the base
of the tube to the tips of the lobes with long straight hairs ; tube Ti
lin. long, slightly inflated and 2 lin. in diam. at the base, very
shortly funnel-shaped at the mouth, which is about \ in. in diam. ;
lobes 2 J lin. long, incurved and connate at the tips, deitoid-ovate,
acuminate, replicate. Outer coronal-lobes J lin. long, ascending, sub-
quadrate, with a broad notch at the apex, concave, ciliate with ratiier
long hairs; inner coronal-lobes 1-1|^ lin. long, connivent-erect, linear,
with recurved or revolute tips, glabrous. — Martelli, Florul. Bogos. 'ii).

Xflle ]Land> Eritrea: near Keren, £eccari,'605l Mount Alaui Kalp, Sc/iwein-
furth Sf Riva, 1633 ! Abyssinia : without precise locality, Schimjjer, 301 I

13. C. ruspoliana, K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 42.
Stem twining, slender, glabrous. Leaves petiolate, glabrous ; petiole
2J-3J lin. long ; blade 2^-2| in. long, 2^ lin. broad at the middle, very
acutely acuminate, shortly rounded at the base, recurveii along the
margins, paler beneath. Umbels pedunculate, about 5-floweied ;
peduncle J-lJin. long; pedicels scarcely exceeding ^ in. in length.
Sepals 1 lin. long, subulate. Corolla probably spotted with purple-
brown in the upper part, clothed with long scattered haii-s inside : tul)e
7h lin. long, slightly dilated at the mouth ; lobes 3 lin. long, cohering
at their tips, recurved along the margins (replicate ?), pilose with long
hairs on the inner face. Outer coronal-lobes J lin. long, concave,
notched at the apex, furnished with some hyaline hau-s within ; inner
coronal-lobes | lin. long, overtopping the stJiminal-colunin, subulate,
revolute at the apex.

Itflle Stand. Galla Territory : in wooded places on C'ttroumu' Mouulain, Him.
1373.

I have not seen tliis species, hnt judging from tlie descrijition it must l>e very
closely allied to C. ajinis, Vatke. with whicli it may i)rove to be identical ; the only
difference ap))ears to be in the size ot the leaves.

14. C. biddumana, K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Jiot. i:<nwi, vn. 4 1.
Stem twining. Leaves petiolate, herbaceous, thin ; petiole 2-:i!
lin. long, slender; blade ^-Ig in. long, 4-.") lin. broad, ol)lon.«:-lanreolnte,

446 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (browx). [^Cei'opegia.

acute, cuneate at the base, glabrous on both sides, very minutely
ciliolate. Umbels pedunculate, several-flowered ; peduncle up to 1 J
in. long ; bracts minute ; pedicels scarcely J lin. long. Sepals 1 lin. long,
oblong-triangular. Corolla white at the base, purple above, paler at the
apex, obscurely spotted ; tube 7-| lin. long, dilated at the mouth,
glabrous within ; lobes cohering at the tips, 2-J lin. long, pilose. Outer
coronal-lobes concave, notched at the apex, pilose, blackish-puiple ;
inner coronal-lobes erect, cylindric, convolute at the apex, blackish-
purple.

xrile Xiand. Galla Territory : Bidduma, in shady woods, Riva, 1212.

1 have not seen this species, which is imperfectly described, but appears to be
allied to C. offinis, Vatke.

15. C. beccariana, Martelli, Florid. Bogos. 50. Stem twining,
glabrous, about 1 lin. thick. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole 4-7
lin. long ; blade 1-1 1 in. long, ^-1 in. broad, cordate-ovate, acuminate
or acute, glabrous on both sides, distinctly ciliolate with a few very
minute incurved hairs on the margins, and with similar hairs along the
channel of the petiole. Peduncles lateral, 1-2 in. long, terminating in
a few-flowered umbel-like cyme, glabrous ; bracts small, lanceolate,
acuminate or subulate, glabrous ; pedicels 5-6 lin. long, glabrous.
Sepals 1 lin. long, linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla-tube about
!) lin. long, much incurved, inflated at the base, where it is 2^-3 lin. in
diam., funnel-shaped, and about 3J-4 lin. in diam. at the mouth,
glabrous outside ; lobes about 3 lin. lopg, connivent-erect, connate at
the tips, replicate, with crisped margins, glabrous, not ciliate.

Uile Iiand. Abyssinia : near Keren, 4500 ft., Beccari, 306 !

A specimen of this plant was sent to Kew for determination by Dr. Martelli in
1885, but as there was but one flower I did not dissect it, and the corona and interior
of the corolla are not described by the author.

16. C. volubilis, N. E. Br. in Kew Bultetin, 1805, 261. Root
fibrous {Welivitsch). Stem twining, slender, glabrous, ''more or less
glaucous " {Wehoitsch). Leaves membranous in the dried state, spread-
ing ; petiole -l J-9 lin. long, ciliate along the edges of the channelled
face; blade lJ-3 in. long, f-lj in. broad, cordate-ovate, acute or
acuminate, mucronate, with short rounded basal lobes separated by a
small acute sinus, glabrous on both sides, ciliolate. Peduncles 2-5
lin. long, glabrous, umbellately 2-4-flowered ; bracts h-l lin. long,
subulate ; pedicels 3-4 lin. long, glabrous or with short spreading hairs.
Sepals 1 J lin. long, subulate, glabrous, or with here and there a short
hair. Corolla-tube 5i-7 lin. long, Ij lin. in diam. at the short inflated
base, slightly curved above, slightly enlarged into a funnel-shaped
mouth 2-| lin. in diam., glabrous outside and inside ; lobes 3-3J
lin. long, erect, connate at the tips, deltoid-dblong, somewhat abruptly
narrowed just above the middle, replicate, ciliate in the upper part with
vibratile purple hairs, otherwise glabrous. (Base of the corolla-tube
yellowish, then in the inflated part and outside of the tube spotted with

Oeropegia.] "lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 447

purple-brown on a whitish-yellow ground ; upper part striata inside
with blackish-purple ; throat and basal part of the lobes reticulate with
purple-brown ; apex of the lobes within velvety pur[)le, and covered
with long purple rigid hairs; greyish outside, Welicitsch.) Outer
corona divided nearly to the base into 10 ascending-spreading lobes;
adnate on one side for half their length to the backs of the inner
coronal-lobes, their free 'part J lin. long, oblong, obtuse, ciliate with
rather long hairs ; inner coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, linear, obtuse, erect,
glabrous. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 095.

Z.ower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto ; by tlie River Coaiigo in tlic Qu.-ta
Mountain?, Welwitsch, 4272 ! 4272b !

In the Catalogue of Welwitscli's Plants, by some error, which Mr. Hiern in.
forms me he is unable to explain, tliis plant is doscriheil as " shiiggy throughout," l)ut
the type specimens and that at Kew are as described above.

17. C. nilotica, Kotschy in Sitziingsh. Wien. Muth.-Xat. Akad.
1865, li. 356. Tuberous, glabrous. Stem twining, slender, Heshy ;
internodes 2 in. long. Leaves somewhat fleshy, 1 in. long, M lin. broad,
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, acuminate, denticulate towards
the apex with callose cuspidate teeth. Peduncles lateral, quadrangular,
two-flowered (described as being shorter than the leaves in the
diagnosis, and longer than the leaves in the description). Sepals 1 .V
lin. long, subulate, spreading. Corolla H in. long; tube clavate,
slightly inflated at the base, dilated and ^ in. broad at the mouth,
glabrous ; lobes \ in. long, deltoid, connate at the apex, blackish-purple
and pilose within, marked with a yellow spot at the base. Outer coronal-
lobes horizontal, short, dilated truncate, entire, glabrous ; inner coronal-
lobes linear-spathulate, straight, three times as long as the outer corona,
glabrous, yellowish.

xrile Iiand. Kingdom of Barri : near Gondokoro, Knohlecher, 35.

I have not seen this species. The pedicels are not mentioned in tlie d».s<Tiption.

18. C. mozambicensis, Schlechter in Journ. Hot. isi)5, i>7;;.
Stem twining, 1-1 J lin. thick, probably somewhat fleshy, glabrous;
internodes 4-7 in. long. Leaves spreading; petiole :J-(I lin. long;
l>lade f-lj in. long, 5-10 lin. broad, lanceolate, ovate or elli{)tic, rather
;.bruptly mucronate-acute oi", in the lanceolate forms, more or le.vs
acuminate, broadly or acutely cuneate at the base, glabrous, often
undulate, setulose-denticulate on the margins, thin in the dried state,
but probably somewhat fleshy when'' alive. Peduncles \-\\ in. long,
moderately stout, about 2-3-flowered at the apex, glabrous ; br.ict^s
J-l lin. long, subulate, glabrous; pedicels 3-5 Hn. long, glabrous.
Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla glabrous
outside; tube 1J-1| in. long, slightly curved, inflated for nearly half
ics length, constricted at the middle of the inflated part, cylin.lric
in the upper, abruptly widened into a short funnel-shaped moiith
j-j in. in diam. ; tube externally whitish or greenish, spotted with
blackish-purple, basal part below the constriction in-ide purple,
greenish or whitish? above, blackish-purple at the inoath, which w

448 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Cero2:>egia.

covered with long straight purple hairs, middle of the upper part
of the tube with a broad band of similar colourless hairs, constric-
tion of the inflated part with a ring of fluflfy hairs; lobes J-J in.
long and about the same in breadth at the base when flattened out,
connivent, connate at the tips, broadly deltoid-ovate, obtuse, apiculate,
replicate, with a broad keel down the face, bulging out and ter-
minating rather abruptly at its base, blackish -purple, with a greenish
or whitish ? transverse band at the middle, covered on the inner face
with long straight purple hairs and cilia te with similar hairs of a darker
purple. Outer coronal-lobes J lin. long, forming 5 small pockets,
slightly sinuate or subtruncate at the margin, glabrous, whitish ; inner
coronal-lobes almost J in. long, erect, linear-subulate, keeled behind at
the base where joining the outer corona, glabrous, whitish. — C. constrictaj
N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 260.

Wile Zsand. British East Africa : coral cliffs south-east of Mombasa Island,.
Taylor !

BKozaml). Sist. Portuguese East Africa : mouth of the River Pnngwe,.
Schlechter, 7106 (ex Schlechter). Kavala Islands in Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 35 !

I have not seen the Pungwe plant, and describe entirely from the specimens
collected by Carson & Taylor ; the flowers of the latter, however, I have not dissected,
but externally they seem identical with those of Carson's plant. C. inozavihicensi.t
may prove to be identical with C. denficulata, K. Schum., which was published a
month earlier, although Schumann neither describes nor figures the remarkable con-
striction at the middle of the inflated part of the corolla-tube.

19. C. denticulataj K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 327, t.
40, F. Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves subsessiJe or shortly petiolate,
Ij in. long, 7-8 lin. broad, fleshy, ovate or subrhomboidal, acute at both
ends, denticulate at the apex. Peduncle moderately long, 2- flowered ;
bracts, bracteoles and sepals filiform-subulate. Corolla about 20 lin.
long, whitish, spotted with fuscous, glabrous outside; tube 15 lin. long,
moderately inflated in the lower part ; mouth dilated, broadly funnel-
shaped, 9-10 lin. in diam., ciliate ; lobes 5 lin. long, linear, erect, con-
nate at the tips, pubescent, ciliate with long vibratile clavate hairs. —
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 272, fig. SIa.

SiEozamb. »l»t. German East Africa : Silai, Hoist, 35S3.

I have not seen this species, but it would appear to be allied to and may prove to
b> the same as C. mozamhicensis, Schlechter. The dimensions of the flower are
taken from the figures quoted.

20. C. Perrottetii, X, E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 308. Stem
twining, about 1 lin. thick, glabrous. Leaves glabrous on both sides,
apparently fleshy ; petiole 3-4 J (or more ?) lin. long ; blade 6-8 lin.
long, 5-6 lin. broad, ovate, acute, apiculate, cordate or . subcordate at
the base. Peduncles lateral at the nodes, li-3| in. long, with 2-3
distant pairs or clusters of 3-4 flowers racemosely scattered along them,
glabrous ; pedicels 3-4 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals IJ lin. long, lanceo-
late, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla about 11 lin. long in the dried state ;

Cerope^ia.] lxxxv. asclepiade.*: (brown). 440

tube 9 lin. long, glabrous outside, inflated and 'J lin. in diam. at tin*
base, 4 lin. in diam. at the funnel-shaped mouth ; lol)es 8 lin. long,
connivent and cohering at the tips, deltoid-ovate, acute, replicate, (piite
glabrous, not ciliate, apparently dark purple.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Perrottet, 791 !

Descril)ed from a spechnen in the herbarium of the liritish iMnscniu. whuh \
have not dissected.

21. C. scandens, K. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, ISO.'), 202. Root
fibrous, not tuberous {Welwitsch). Glabrous on all the green parts.
Stem twining, moderately stout, about ^ in. thick. Leaves rather
lleshy and limp {]Velwltsch) ; petiole (5-10 lin. long; blade 2-:;j in.
long, l:j-l|^ in. broad, ovate, oblong-ovate or elliptic-ovate, acuminate
or acute, broadly rounded or emarginate at the base, membranous
in the dried state, minutely ciliolate. Peduncles ^-1 in. long, umbel-
lately 4- 10- flowered ; bracts 1^7-2^ lin. long, subulate, more or less
revolute at the tips; pedicels 5-(> lin. long. Sepals 2i-3 lin. long,
subulate, with revolute tips. Corolla-tube 9-10 lin. long, curved above
the slightly inflated base, where it is 2 lin. in diam., funnel-shaped
and 4-5 lin. in diam. at the mouth, glabrous outside and inside ; lobes
5 lin. long, erect, connate at the tips, oblong-ovate, replicate, ciliate to
their base with vibratile purple hairs, otherwise glabrous, keeled within ;
keel somewhat bulging at the middle. (Outside of corolla pale sulphur
yellow spotted with blood-red ; inside of the lobes covered with Iohl'
white hairs at the apex, and marked at their middle with a large black-
purple spot, Welvntsch.) Outer coronal-lobes -\ lin. long, bifid ; teetii
erect, ciliate with long hairs on their outer margin ; inner coronal-
lobes J lin. long, much overtopping the staminal-column, erect, linear,
subacute, glabrous. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw, i. ()9(».

Iiower Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto, hills hy the Coungo Kiver. ni:ir
Sange, rare and solitary, Wehvifsch, 4273 ! 4273u I

22. C. Meyeri-Johannis, Enyl. nochyehirgsjl. Trap. Afr. :)l;5.
Stem twining, rather slender, pubescent with short curved retro rse
hairs. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole l-'^ in. long; blade 1-1 ^' in. k»n«:,
|-1 in. broad, cordate-ovate or cordate-oblong, acuminate, with an acute
basal sinus 2-3 lin. deep, pubescent on both sides. Peiluncles 4-7 lin.
long, pubescent, umbellately many-flowered ; bracts ^-1 lin. long,
lanceolate, pubescent; pedicels ?>h-^^ lin. long, glabrous or with hen- and
there a hair. Sepals 2h lin. long, linear, acute, with recurving tip>,
hispidulous-pubescent. Corolla glabrous outside ; tube 'l in. lonj-',
abruptly curved nearly at a right-angle just above the ovoid- or globose-
inflated base, which is 2^-3 lin. in diam., cylindric and \\ lin. in diam.
above, broadly and shortly dilated into a funnel-shaped mouth alx)ut I "•
lin. in diam. ; mouth and upper part of the tube hairy within, glabrous
in the lower part ; lobes \ in. long, narrowly linear from a broadly (h-ltoi. I
base, replicate, incurved and connate at their tips, hairy on their inm-i-
face. Outer corona 1| lin. long, deeply cup-shaped, Kt-toothe.l to
Dearly half-way down ; teeth linear, acute, erect, glabrous ; inner coronal-

450 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Cevopegia.

lobes erect, 1 lin. long, spathulate-linear, obtuse, only slightly overtop-
ping the outer corona, glabrous. — K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C.
827, t. 40, fig. A-E, corona very inaccurate, and in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv., ii. 272, fig. 81, C.

XVKozamb* Bist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 6000 ft., Johnston!
between 900 and 5400 ft., 3Ieyer, 196 (ex Engler).

23. C. purpurascens, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 152.
Stem twining, slender, J-f lin. thick, glabrous. Leaves herbaceous ;
petiole 21-5 lin. long; blade f to 1| in. long, 4J-10 lin. broad, oblong,
ovate-oblong or rarely broadly elliptic, acute, mucronulate, truncate
or acute at the base, glabrous. Peduncles umbellately several-flowered,
glabrous. Sepals | lin. long, subulate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous.
Corolla 9^ lin. long ; tube inflated at the base; lobes about as long as
the tube, attenuate into linear tails from an ovate-triangular base,
incurved over the mouth of the tube in the form of a globe and con-
nate at their tips, ciliate. Outer corona J lin. long, cup-shaped,
10-toothed ; inner coronal-lobes linear-subspathulate three times as long
as the outer corona.

ImO-wer Culnea. Angola : near Pungo Andongo, Mechoiv, 122.

1 liave not seen this plant, which is stated to be allied to C. leucotoenia, K.
Schum., and C. ringens, A. Rich.

24. C. fusiformis, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 278. Stem
twining, glabrous, moderately slender ; internodes 4-7 in. long. Leaves
(only 3 seen) petiolate ; petiole 6-8 lin. long; blade 1J-2J in. long,
|-1^ in. broad, ovate or elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate,
apiculate, cuneately narrowed into the petiole at the base, glabrous,
minutely and sparsely ciliolate on the margins. Peduncles lateral, 1-lf
in. long, subumbellately G-10-flowered, glabrous ; floral axis ultimately
2-7 lin. long ; bracts minute, J-| lin. long, subulate ; pedicels 3-4 lin.
long, glabrous. Sepals 2 lin. long, elongate-ovate at the base, acuminate
into a complicate-subulate point. Corolla-tube rather abruptly curved
near the base and about \\ in. or rather more in length along the curve,
ovoid-inflated and about 2 lin. in diam. at the base, then narrowed and
again enlarged into a fusiform inflation about 3 lin. in diam, at the middle,
then dilated into a funnel-shaped mouth 4 lin. in diam., glabrous outside,
hairy within in the basal part ; lobes erect, 4-4J lin. long, connate at
the tips, broadly deltoid, strongly replicate, with the keels formed by the
folds straight, all meeting at the centre and terminating at the base in
nearly a right-angle, quite glabrous on both sides, not ciliate. Outer
coronal-lobes J lin. long, J lin. broad, erect, brcadly ovate-deltoid,
minutely bifid or emarginate at the apex, glabrous outside, clothed with
long retrorse hairs within ; inner coronal-lobes 1 J lin. long, much over-
topping the staminal-column, connivent-erect, flat, oblong-linear, nar-
rowed at the base and there dorsally connected with the outer corona,
covered with rather long hairs on the back.

Ceropeyia.] lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). 451

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Krobo Plains, Johnson. 499 I L^gos : Abeo-
kuta, Millen, 89 (1895 collection) !

25. C. Johnsoni, N. E. Br. Stem tw-ining, 1-U lin. thick, (juite
glabrous, even on the youngest parts. Leaves spreading, herbaceous ;
petiole h-1 in. long, clothed with a short spreading pubescence ; blade
H-4J in. long, ^-'2 in. broad, ovate, oblong or ovate-oblong, varying
from obtuse to acuminate, but always terminating in a slender linear-
filiform point H-2i lin. long, cordate at the batse, very thinly pubescent
or almost glabrous above, densely pubescent with spreading hairs on
the midrib and principal veins beneath, and thinly so between them.
Cymes pedunculate, umbellately 8-G-flowered ; peduncles J-1 in. long,
•with very short spreading hairs; bracts very minute ; pedicels ;>-(; lin.
long, shortly hairy. Sepals 2 lin. long, \ lin. broad, linear, acute,
applied to the base of the corolla, spreading at the tips, shortly hairy.
Corolla curved ; tube 1^-1 3^ in. long, 2 lin. in diam. at the ovoid inflated
base, narrower above, 5 lin. in diam. at the funnel-shaped mouth, appa-
rently dull purple in the lower part, whitish, spotted with purple on the
dilated upper part, greenish inside the throat, thinly pubescent outside,
pubescent within in the lower part ; lobes 4 lin. long, erect, cohering at
the incurved tips, replicate, very broad, 2|-3 lin. across when folded,
whitish, veined with purple on the upper part and with green on the
basal part, thinly pubescent on both sides, with a few short hairs at
the cohering tips. Outer corona about | lin. long, cup-shaped, 5-lobed ;
lobes J lin. long, ^ lin. broad, subrectangular, obtuse or emarginate,
somewhat spreading, concave, ciliate with rather long hairs ; inner
coronal-lobes 1^ lin. long, erect, linear-filiform, shortly revolute at the
apex. Follicles 10-11 in. long, 2-2|- lin. thick, linear-terete, beaked
at the apex, glabrous. Seeds Jin. long, H lin. broad, linear-oblong,
tapering into a. short beak, dark brown, surrounded by a broad
thickened light brown border, crowned with a tuft of long white hairs.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Aburi, Johnson, 768 !

The corolla-tube of all the flowers examined was tilled with many small tlies, all
-apparently of one species.

26. C\e\icot2en\2iy K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 151. Tuber
depressed hemispherical ( Welwitsch). Stem twining, herbaceous, rather
slender, with a spreading, pubescence. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole
5-8 lin. long, pubescent ; blade 1^-2 J in. long, 5-10 lin. broad, ovate-
lanceolate to oblong, acuminate, cordate at the base (truncate or sub-
cordate, Schumann)^ pubescent on both sides, but the hairs are shorter
and more numerous beneath. Cymes umbel-like, subsessile, 4-r)-
flowered ; bracts li-2J lin. long, villous; pedicels J-i in. long, slender,
villous. Sepals 2^-3 lin. long, subulate, villous. Corolla straight ;
tube cylindric, very slightly inflated at the base, about 4 lin. long,
1 J-U- lin. in diam., glabrous, pale sulphur-yellow outside, more intense
within, with two purple bands at the base and another near the top ;
lobes about 3 lin. long, erect, linear, cohering at the tips, replicate,
pubescent on the back, glabrous within, with a narrow wing-like keel

452 Lxxxv. AscLEPiADEyE (buown). [Cevopegia..

down tiieir face, pale yellowish or whitish, with blackish lines extending
a little way down the tube. Outer coronal-lobes arising ^ lin. above the
base of the staminal-coiumn, exceedingly shoit, spreading, transverse,,
distantly 2-toothed, dark-coloured ; inner coronal-lobes I lin. long,
conni vent- erect, slightly clavate, blackish, much overtopping the
incumbent anthers. — Engl, tk Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 272, fig. 81,
B : Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pi. Welw. i. 695.

Iio-wer Cruiuea. Angola : Malange, MecJioiv, 4l7 ! Putigo Andongo ; near
Quibauga, very rare, TVelivitsch, 4271 ! and without jn'ecise locality, Mechow, 80
(ex Schumann), Golungo Alto ; Queta Mountains, near Carengue, Welivitsch, 4270!

27. C. Giletii, Be Vfild. d- Diirand in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.
xxxviii. Do. Stem twining, terete, pubescent. Leaves : petiole about
2J lin. long; blade about 17 lin. long, 7 lin, broad, oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, rounded or cordate at the base, with scattered hairs above,
rather softly pubescent beneath. Umbels subaxiliary, from one axil,
sessile, several-flowered ; bracts linear, villous ; pedicels 8 lin. long,
villous. Sepals 4 lin. long, linear-subulate. Corolla about 7 lin. long:
tube about 4 lin. long, 1 lin. in diam., slightly inflated at the base, sparsely
pilose, violaceous at the base and with a narrow violet band around the
middle ; lobes about \ in. long, linear, replicate, cohering at the tips,
puberulous outside, violaceous, longitudinally striated on the inner face.
Corona undescribed. Follicles 1^ in. long, 1 lin. thick, glabrous,
longitudinally striated.

liOiiirer Cruiuea. Congo Free State : Lower Congo ; near DeniLo (Xdembo),
Gillet,

I have not seen this species, wiiicli is closely allied to C. leueotania, K. Sclunn.,
and (according to the description) only appears to differ in having the corolla-tube
pilose outside.

28. C. papiilata, iV. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 308. Stem
twining, about | lin. thick, pubescent all round with short curved
hairs. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole J-1 in. long ; blade 1|-2J in. long,
1-1 in. broad, elongate-ovate, very acuminate, cordate at the base, v;ith
short rounded lobes, densely and minutely pubescent or subtomentose
on both sides. Cymes umbel-like, sessile or subsessile, rarely with a
very short peduncle, 10-2U-flowered; bracts 2-4 lin. long, linear-
subulate, pubescent ; pedicels 4-5 lin. long, slender, pubescent
with short spreading hairs. Sepals 3 lin. long, J-| lin. broad, linear-
lanceolate, acute, pubescent on the back. Corolla 1 in. long, straight,
or nearly so, dull green at the basal part of the tube, pallid (wiiitish ?)
above, the apical half of the lobes and the margins of their basal half
blackish-green ; tube 9-9 J lin. long, ovoid-inflated and 2 lin. in diam. at
the base, cylindric and |-J lin. in diam. above, scarcely or not at all
dilated at the mouth, glabrous on both sides, but strongly papillate or
tuberculate along the veins within the inflated part; lobes 3 lin. long,
I lin. broad, erect, connate at the tips, linear, replicate, keeled down
the upper part within, glabrous on the back, villous with rather long
white hairs within. Outer corona arising J lin. above the base of the

Ceropeyla.^ lxxkv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). 453

J lin. long staminal-column and much exceeding it, shortly cup-shaped
a-t the base, with 5 erect linear more or less bitid lobes or teetli J
lin. long, glabrous, white; inner coronal-lobes §-J lin. long, connivent-
erect, linear, white, glabrous. Anthers oblong, incumbent on the
truncate apex of the style.

nSozamb. I>ist. British Central Africa : plateau of Mount Zomba, iSOOO-
6000 ft., Whi/le/

29. C. calcarata, N. E. Br. Stem slender, twining, thinly
covered with a minute retiexed pubescence mingled with a few longer
hairs. Leaves herbaceous, spreading ; petiole S-15 lin. long, pubescent ;
blade lJ-4 in. long, J-3 in. broad, cordate-ovate, obtusely pointed or
shortly acuminate ; basal lobes about 2-0 lin. long, rounded, in young
plants separated by a narrow sinus, in older plants overlapping and
enclosing a small rhomboid sinus ; upper surface green, thinly pubes-
cent; under surface paler, puberulous. Cymes sessile or subsessile,
umbellately o-G-flovvered in young plants, densely many-flowered in
adult plants ; flowers opening in pairs or in succession ; pedicels '^\-b
lin. long, rather slender, glabrous. Sepals applied to the base of the
corolla, \h lin. long, ^ lin. broad, subulate, acute, somewhat gibbous at
the very base, with a few minute hairs on the back. Corolla (when in
bud) with 5 short horizontal spurs at the base of the obtuse narrowly
conical limb ; tube 9 lin. long, slightly curved immediately above the
very abruptly inflated base, which is depressed pear-shaped, 2 lin. long,
2}j lin. in diam. ; middle part slender, cylindric, § lin. in diam.,
dilated at the apex into a funnel-shaped mouth 3 lin. in diam. ; "
outside glabrous, dull purple ; inside dark purple in the lower part,
passing into dark green above, and at the mouth veined with dark
green on a whitish ground, thinly pubescent with long and short hairs
in the mouth, glabrous in the lower part, with numerous longitudinal
tuberculate ribs in the inflated part ; lobes 3 lin. long, straight, conni-
vent-erect, connate at the tips, linear from a deltoid base, replicate,
glabrous on the back, dark green within on the margins and at the
apex, whitish with a dark green central line on the lower part of the
face, covered with deflexed simple hairs on the margins and central
part of the keel-like face, those on the face longest. Outer corona
arising at the base of the staminal-column, 1 lin. long, cup-shaped, 5-
iobed to half-way down, pure white, with the tips of the lobes red and
with 5 black spots at the base inside, glabrous; lobes I lin. long ami tin
much in breadth at the base, erect or slightly incurved, deltoid-
oblong, minutely bifid or 3-toothed at the apex ; inner coronal -lobes
very much longer than the anthers, 1 lin. long, filiform, con ni vent-
erect, recurved at the apex, dorsally adnate to the outer corona at the
very base, glabrous, white, marked with light green at tlie bai>e, blooti-
red or carmine at the recurved tips. Anthers narrowly oblong, obtuse,
yellow.

IVXozamb. Ulst. British Central Africa : Nya.saland ; 'Aomho., Ma ^on !

Described from a living plant sent to Kewby Mr. Jolin Mahon, which flowered
in September 1899.

4^4 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Ce7'opegia.

Allied to C. papillata, N. E. Br., but the inore slender flowers, glabrous pedicels,
simrrod buds, shorter depressed peai--sliaped inflation at the base of the corolla,
broader mouth of the tube and differoit coloration of the corolla, easily dis-
tinguish it.

30. C. Meyeri, Becne. in DC. Prod. viii. 645. Stem twining^
pubescent. Leaves herbaceous; petiole 4-6 lin. long; blade 1-1 1
in. long, \-\ in. broad, ovate, narrowed into a blunt point, rounded or
somewhat cordate at the base, near which the margins are often
slightly undulate or crisped, pubescent on both sides. Umbels sessile
at the nodes, 2-4-flowered ; pedicels 3J-4 lin. long, slender, pubescent.
Sepals 2-4 lin. long, linear, pubescent. Corolla IJ-l J in. long, straight ;
tube 12-13 lin. long, inflated, cylindric-oblong for two-thirds of its
length, about \ in. in diam., tapering above to about 1|^ in. in diam.,.
abruptly dilated at the mouth to about 2J lin. in diam., glabrous on
both sides, whitish, marked with purple-brown lines ; lobes 4-4J
lin. long, connivent-erect or inarching, connate at the tips, linear^
replicate, glabrous on both sides, ciliate with long hairs, apparently
blackish-purple. Outer corona | lin. long, arising | lin. above the
base of the staminal-column, cup-shaped, with 5 elongate-deltoid acute
teeth as long as the tubular part, glabrous ; inner coronal-lobes
1 lin. long, connivent-erect, linear-spathulate, obtuse. The entire
corona white, variegated with blackish-purple. — Schlechter in Engl.
Jahrb. xx. Beibl. 51, 47. C. puhescens, E. Meyer, Comment. 193, not
of Wallich.

Mozamb. Dist. Tropical Transvaal: among shrubs by the rivers Litonandoa
and Limvovo, 1800 ft., ScJdechter, 4527.

I have not seen a tropical specimen of this plant, and describe it from South.
African material.

31. C. convolvuloides, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 47. Stem
twining, covered with spreading hairs. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole
5-15 lin. long, pubescent with spreading hairs ; blade 2-3J in. long,
|-2^ in. broad, cordate-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, cordate at
the base, softly pubescent on both sides. Cymes umbel-like, 12-20-
flowered ; peduncles 3-6 lin. long, pubescent with spreading hairs ;
bracts lJ-3 lin. long, narrowly lanceolate or subulate, acute, pubescent ;
pedicels 3-6 lin. long, pubescent with spreading hairs. Sepals 2-2\
lin. long, §-f lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate, acute, pubescent like the
pedicels. Corolla 10-12 lin. long, covered outside with a short spreading
pubescence, glabrous in all parts within ; tube 6-7 lin. long, 1| lin. in
diam. at the inflated base, above which it is slightly curved and
cylindric, shortly funnel-shaped and about 2 lin. in diam. at the mouth,
blackish-purple within, except at the apex and base ; lobes 4-5 lin. long,
greenish-black within, ovate in the basal part, linear above, replicate,
erect, connate at the apex, gibbous-carinate within near the base,
where, at the sinuses, they are externally produced downwards into five
spur-like projections l|-lf lin. long. Outer corona 1J-1|^ lin. long,
cup-shaped at the base, with 5 erect oblong lobes j lin. long, bifid, to

Ceropegia.] lxxxv. asclepiade.-e (buown). 455

half-way down, the segments Hnear and divergent-curved at their tips ;
inner coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, erect, linear, arising just within the
sinuses between the lobes of the outer corona and neitlier incuml>ent
on, nor inflexed over the anthers. Staminal-column If-'^ lin. long ;
filaments of the stamens very shortly free above their "attachment to
the dilated top of the style ; anthers small, oblong, inflexed over the
convex top of the style. — Walp. Ann. iii. G7. C. rinyens, Yatke in
Linnsea, xl. 219; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 343; K. Schum. in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 27:^, fig. 81, E, not of A. Rich.

Nile Itand. Abyssinia: Befremeder ; Gomaro Valley, 6500 ft., Schimper,
1171! and mountain slopes towards the River Rel), 7500 ft., Schimpur, \2^)\
Khireh Province, Quart in Dillon (ex Richard).

f>2. C. Iiugardse, A". E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1901, xxx. ;><»i\
Stem twining or rambling, 1-1 J lin. thick, glabrous; internode.s
1^-1 J in. long. Leaves thin, herbaceous, green, spreading ; petiole 4-0
lin. long, terete, channelled above, puberulous in the channel ; blade
J-2 in. long, |-1 in. broad, oblong, notched at the apex, with an
apiculus or cusp in the notch, or occasionally obtuse, apiculate, cordate,
subtruncate, rounded or cuneate at the base, flat or wavy, glabrous on
both sides, very minutely ciliate on the margins. Cymes lateral at the
nodes, subumbellately 3-6-flowered, the flowers developing successively ;
peduncles |-1J in. long, h-'i lin. thick, glabrous ; bracts minute, subu-
late ; pedicels 3—6 lin. long, glabrous, green, spotted with purple
towards the apex. Sepals 1^-2 lin. long, J lin. broad, subulate,
glabrous, purple-dotted. Corolla- tube about 1 in. long, abruptly curved
immediately above the globose-inflated base, which is about | in. in
diam. and has 5 depressions outside on the lower part opposite the
sepals, forming a slight constriction there, cylindric above the inflation,
and dilated at the apex into a funnel-shaped mouth about h in. in
diam. ; outside white at the very base, very light green on the inflated
part, then white passing into sulphur-yellow on the dilated part, and
except at the very base covered with purple spots; inside hairy at the
base and in the upper half, glabrous in the middle part, rich blackish-
crimson on the basal half, sulphur-yellow above, with the purple spots
on the outside faintly showing through; lobes 1)-1U lin. long,
connivent-erect, connate at the tips, broadly deltoid in the basal half,
linear-spathulate in the upper half, replicate, sulphur-yellow (pale
greenish, veined with purplish-brown on the basal part, according to
Mrs. Lugard's drawing), ciliate with very fine white hairs on the
margins and on the basal part of the keel inside. Outer corona 1
lin. long, cup-shaped, 5-lobed ; lobes about § lin. long, deltoid-ovate,
bifid to nearly half-way down, with parallel teeth, dark purple-brown,
covered with long white simple hairs on the inner side ; inner coronal-
lobes \h lin. long, standing high above the staminal-column, stoutly
filiform^ obtuse, connivent-erect, with recurved tips, hairy and purple-
brown at the base where adnate to the outer corona, glabrous and
yellow above, with purplish tips.

450 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [^Ceropcgia.

DCozamb. Slst. British Central Africa : Ngamiland ; Kwebe Hills, 3000 ft.,
Mrs. Lagard^ 262! also a cultivated specimen, Mrs. Lugard /

Described p.irtly from Mrs. E. J. Lugard's dried specimen and drawing, and
partly from a living i)lant presented by her to Kew.

33. C. kwebensis, N. E. Br. Stem twining, slender, about f lin.
thick, puberulous ; inteinodes 4-5 in. long. Leaves spreading, herba-
ceous; petiole 6-10 lin. long, puberulous; blade l|-2} in. long, J-l|-
in. broad, ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, apiculate, very broadly rounded
or slightly cordate at the base, when young minutely puberulous on both
sides, afterwards almost glabrous above and puberulous on the veins
beneath. Cymes axillary, umbellately 10-15-flowered, the flowers
developing successively ; peduncles 8-9 lin. long, slender, with a minute
scattered pubescence along one side ; bracts minute, subulate ; pedicels
4-5 lin. long, slender, glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long, \ lin. broad, subu-
late, glabrous. Corolla-tube |-| in. long, bent at a right-angle imme-
diately above the slightly inflated base, which is 2-2\ lin. in diam.,
cylindric and If lin. in diam. above, dilated into a funnel-shaped mouth
i')h lin. in diam., green and glabrous outside, purplish, or dull reddish-
brown inside and very sparsely beset with long and very fine hairs ;
lobes G-10 lin. long, linear from a short deltoid base 1 J lin. broad, erect,
connate at the tips, replicate, green, ciliate and with long fine purple
hairs on the inner face. Outer corona cup-shaped, white, tinted with
mauve and margined with red, 10-toothed ; teeth \ lin. long, approxi-
mate and parallel in pairs behind the inner coronal -lobes, hairy ; inner
coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, \ lin. broad or thick, much exceeding the
staminal-column, stout, compressed ? falcate, very obtuse, erect, with
the tips directed outwards, slightly hairy, white, tinted with mauve on
the basal part.

Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Ngamiland : Kwebe Hills, at
3400 ft., apparently rare, Mrs. Lugard, 116 I

34. C. racemosa, N'. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895. 202. Stem
twining, rather slander, glabrous. Leaves probably thinly fleshy ;
petiole l|-3 lin. long ; blade 1 J-2 in. long, 4-9 lin. broad, lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, apiculate, rounded at the base,
glabrous, but scaberulous above near and along the narrowly revolute
margins. Peduncles racemosely few (2-4 ?-) flowered, glabrous, includ-
ing the flowering part l|-4 in, long; flowers J-lJ in. apart; bracts
opposite, J lin. long, acute ; pedicels 2J-3 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals
IJ lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla straight, but
slightly oblique at its insertion, glabrous outside ; tube about | in, long,
cylindric, rather slender and about 1^ lin. in diam. in the lower two-
thirds, not inflated at the base ; mouth broadly funnel-shaped, about
4-4J lin. in diam. ; inside throughout its length clothed with long
straight hairs; lobes 6-7 lin. long, straight, conniventand cohering at
the tips, linear from a somewhat dilated base, replicate, fringed with
long hairs along the fold within. Outer coronal-lobes very deeply
divided, forming 10 obliquely deltoid subacute teeth about J in. long,

Ceropegia.'] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 457

rising to the level of the anthers, ciliate with long hairs ; inner
coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, connivent erect, linear, with revolute tips,
glabrous.

Wile Xsand. Jur : .Tur (Jhattas, Schweinfurth, 2105 !

35. C. setifera, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrh. xx. Beihl. f)!, 4K.
Stem twining, thinly pilose. Leaves |-2| in. long, 5-11; lin. broad,
ovate-oblong, acuminate or acute, rarely subcordate at the base, sparsely
pilose, ciliate. Cymes lateral, lax, few-flowered, as long as the leaves
or a little longer. Sepals lA- lin. long, linear, lanceolate, subacute, pul>e-
rulous. Corolla 12-14 lin. long, subclavate ; tube slightly inflated at the
base, glabrous outside, thinly pilose with white hairs inside ; lobes shoit,
lanceolate- triangular, connate at the apex, reflexed at the margins,
thinly pilose within. Outer coronal-lobes connate at the base into a
short tube, free part subquadrate, deeply bifid at the apex ; segments
divaricate, falcate-lanceolate, setaceous-acuminate ; inner coronal-lobes
linear, erect, with reflexed tips, much longer than the outer corona.

XVIozamb. Dist. Tropical Transvaal : near Mahilas Kop, 2500 ft., Schlechter,
4515; near Valdesia, bank of the Limvovo Kiver, 1800 ft., Schlechter, 4543.

I have not seen this species. From the statement that the cymes are as lonj^ as
the leaves, I have assumed in the key to the species that they are peduncuhite.

oG. C. pachystelma, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrh. xx. Beibl. 51, 47
Stem twining, more or less pilose. Leaves subcoriaceous ; petiole 2^-5 lin.
long ;blB,de |-2 in. long, J-1 in. broad, ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate,
subcoriaceous, glabrescent or thinly puberulous. Cymes lateral, subumbel-
late, few-flowered ; peduncle scarcely exceeding the petiole, puberulous ;
pedicels equalling the peduncle, slender, deflexed after flowering. Sepals
lanceolate or lanceolate-triangular, acute, slightly pilose. Corolla about
1 in. long; tube about 10 lin. long, globose-inflated and 2^ lin. in diam.
at the base, slightly dilated at the-mouth ; lobes 'Ih lin. long, erect, con-
nate at the apex, linear-oblong, reflexed along the margins, glabrous
outside, tomentose-villous within. Outer corona cup-shaped, with very
obtuse semi-orbicular lobes, thickened at the margin; inner coronal-
lobes erect, linear-oblong, obtuse, dilated below the middle, much longer
than the outer corona.

Mozamb. Hist. Tropical Tranavaal : near Valdesia, on the banks of tlie
Limvovo, 1800 ft., Schlechter, and near Mahilas Kop, 2500 fc, Schlechter, 4511.

Also in South Africa. I have not seen this species.

37. C. paricyma, iV. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, IHDS, ;;oi>.
Stem apparently solitary, about 2 ft. long, twining at the top, ^^^nder
slightly pubescent. Leaves spreading; petiole 3-S hn. long ; blade 1-L
in. long, ^1 in. broad, oblong-ovate, tapering to a blunt point, cordate
at the base, or the lowest leaves cuneately narrowed into the petiole,
sparsely pubescent on both sides. Cymes in paii-s, subsessile at the
nodes, 4-6-fiowered; bracts J-| lin. long, subulate; pedicels .?-., lin.
long, slender, glabrous: Sepals 1-1 i lin. long, J lin. broa<h lanreolate^-
subulate, subglabrous. Corolla-tube straight, l-ll Im. long, inflated

458 Lxxx\. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Cevopegia.

and 2 J lin. in diam. at the dark purple base, pallid (whitish ?) above,
gradually tapering to about 1;^ lin. in diam. at the base of the lobes,
glabrous ; lobes erect, cohering at the tips, 8 J lin. long, linear-spathulate
from broad deltoid bases (which, at the sinuses, are reflexed for about
f lin. below the mouth of the tube, and in the bud form 5 short, blunt,
deflexed spurs), replicate throughout their length, fringed with rather
long hairs in the lower part, blackish at the mouth of the tube and
base of the lobes, shading into blackish-green or dark dull green in
the upper part. Outer corona ? of 5 subulate broad-based processes,
IJ lin. long, erect at the base, then bending outwards, with the tips
shortly erect.

IMIozamb. Slst. Lake Nyasa, Simons !

In the flower examined, I was unable to make out the exact structure of the
corona, and the processes described may possibly belong to the inner corona.

38. C. angusta, N'. E. Br. in Kew Bulleti7i, 1895, 2G1. Roots
thick and fleshy, fusiform, fasciculate. Stem twining, 4-8 ft. long,
very slender, glabrous. Leaves widely spreading; petiole 2-4 lin.
long ; blade 1-2 J in. long, lf-3 lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute or
obtuse, mucronulate, rounded and subpeltate at the base, glabrous, with
narrowly revolute sparsely and minutely scabrid margins ; peduncles-
8-9 lin. long, 1-2-flowered, glabrous; flowers J-lJ lin. apart ; bracts
minute ; pedicels 2J-3 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1^ lin. long, lanceo-
late-attenuate, glabrous. Corolla straight ; tube 4J-5 lin. long, IJ lin.
in diam. at the ovoid-inflated base, cylindric above and scarcely widened
at the mouth, which is 1^-1 J lin. in diam., glabrous and minutely
papillate-rugulose outside, glabrous within ; lobes 2 lin. long, 1-1 J lin.
broad, erect, connate at the tips, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, replicate
(with apparently involute margins), fringed with long hairs along the
narrow keel on the face. Outer coronal-lobes very deeply bifid, forming
10 obliquely deltoid teeth J lin. long adnate to the base of the inner
coronal-lobes, reaching to or above the level of the anthers, fringed with
rather long hairs ; inner coronal-lobes f lin. long, connivent-erect, linear,
glabrous. Follicles 4J in. long, slender, terete-attenuate, divergent-
reflexed, glabrous. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 695.

laO'weT Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo ; in the Praesidiuni, by the
streams of Pedm de Cazella, Welwitsch, 4275 1 4276 !

39. C. debilis, iV^. E. Br, in Gard. Chron. 1895, xviii. 358. Tuber
flattened, with a short woody neck, producing several slender weak
stems 3-4 ft. long, about J lin. thick, twining (or sometimes pendulous
under cultivation), glabrous. Leaves 1J-2J in. apart, J-lJ in. long,
J-1 lin. broad, fleshy, semiterete, slightly channelled down the face,
acute, more or less curved, glabrous, light green ; midrib rather stout
and prominent beneath. Peduncles J- J in. long, glabrous, umbellately
1-3-flowered ; bracts minute ; pedicels 1^-2 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals
J-1 lin. long, lanceolate or subulate, acute, glabrous. Corolla slightly
bent above the inflation, glabrous outside ; tube 7 J-10 lin. long, 2 lin.
in diam. at the ovoid-inflated base, cylindric above, scarcely enlarged

Ceropegia.] Lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 409

and about 2^ lin. in diam. at tlie mouth, greenish-white, tinge<l a faint
dull purple outside, pale purplish within, having a few detlexed hairs
in the upper part ; lobes 3-8^ lin. long, erect, connate at the tips,
linear from a deltoid base, replicate, keeled along the fold within,
greenish, blackish-purple on the keel, covered with rather long deflexed
hairs on the inner face. Outer corona ^ lin. long, white, somewhat
cup-shaped, shortly lO-lobulate ; 5 of the lobules alternating with the
anthers, forming small truncate slightly ciliate pouches, the other .'>
opposite the inner coronal-lobes, erect, obtuse ; inner coronal-lobes 1-1{
lin. long, erect, narrowly lanceolate, acute, white. — Gard. Chron. llMil,
xxix. 238, fig. «9.

XMozaxnb. Sist. British Central Africa : Xyasalaiid ; T.oxuhr', cultivatt'ii sjK-ci-
men, Buchanan !

Described from a cultivated plant sent to Mr. J. O'Brien by Mr. .lolm
Buchanan. In tlie dried state the k-aves are tiliform and nuicli more slender than
described above, but in the figiire in the Gardeners' Chronicle they are repiesentcd
as being much stouter than any 1 have seen.

40. C. steuantha. A'. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 152. Stem
twining, rather slender, glabrous. Leaves thin in the dried state, pro-
bably somewhat fleshy when alive; petiole 2-4 lin. long ; blade 1-2^. in.
long, 2-Q> lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, apiculate, cuneate-acute at the
base, glabrous on both sides, ciliolateon the margin with a few adpressed
distant hairs ; midrib prominent beneath. Cymes umbel-like, sub-
lateral at the nodes, 3-0-flowered ; peduncles 1^-0 lin. long, glabrous ;
bracts minute, subulate, glabrous; pedicels |-2 lin. long, glabrous.
Sepals 1 lin. long, scarcely \ lin. broad, subulate, acute, suberect, gla-
brous. Corolla straight, glabrous outside and on the lobes within,
thinly pilose with extremely fine hairs inside at the base and middle of
the tube, apparently concolorous or with the lobes rather darker than
the tube, probably greenish ; tube 5-G lin. long, slightly inflated and
about \\ lin. in diam. in the basal half, tapering above, not dilated at
the mouth, which is about |-1 lin. in diam. ; lobes 'o-<S lin. long,
scarcely J lin. broad, linear, replicate, erect, slightly curved, connate at
the tips,"not ciliate. Outer corona of 5 minute pouches alternating
with the anthers ; inner coronal-lobes J lin. long, flat, linear-lanceolate,
obtuse, erect or connivent to about their middle, then recurving,
glabrous.

irile Iiand. Jur : Jur Gliattas, Schtoeinfurth, 2104 !

Var. jjarvifolia, N. E. Br. Leaves, at least on the terminal flowering part of
the stem, much sliortor than the tlowers they subtend, \-k in. long (including the
short petiole), ^-1 lin. bread, linear, mucronate, glabrous, ciliate on the margins.
Cymes or umbel-like racemes subsessile or with a tloweiing axis 2-5 lin. h>iig ;
pedicels 2-2^ lin. long, glabrous. Calyx, corolla and corona as in the type.

Mozamb. 3>lst. German East Africa : Coast district, Haniiintffou ! British
Central Africa : Rhodesia ; central Leshumo Valley, Holub !

41. C. infausta, X. K. Br. Stem twining, slender, glabrous.
Leaves membranous ; petiole 2i-4 lin. long; blade | -2j in. long, 4-8

460 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE.E (brown). [Ceropegia.

\\n. broad, lanceolate-oblong or oblong, acute, narrowed at the base,
minutely denticulate or serrulate, glabrous on both sides. Umbels
from one axil of each pair of leaves, 3-6-flowored ; bracts subulate, gla-
brous; pedicels slender, glabrous. Sepals 2-2^ lin. long, subulate,
glabrous. Corolla glabrous ; tube 7 Un. long, slightly inflated and
somewhat curved ; lobes 6 lin. long, narrowly linear, cohering at the
tips, subsagittate at the base, with replicate margins. Coronal-lobes
very short, truncate, the outer (inner ?) clavate. Staminal-column 1
lin. long. — Riocreuxia lo7iyiflora, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 459.

Mozamb. IDist. German East Africa : between Kbutu and Uiiehe at the
River Mloha, 2900 ft., Goetze, 495b.

Unknown to ine. According to the description this plant is a Ceropegia, and
appears to be very closely allied to C, stenantha, K. Sclium. The specific name
given by K. Schmnann is already occupied under Ceropegia. The author does not
state whether the umbels are sessile or pedunculate.

42. C. floribunda, N. E. Br. Stem twining, |-1 lin. thick,
glabrous; incernodes lf-3J in. long in the flowering part. Leaves
apparently ilesh}^, rather rigid in the dried state ; petiole 1-3 lin. long ;
blade J-1 in. long, ^— | in. broad (probably larger in the lower leaves),
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or retuse, apiculate, broadly rounded or
somewhat cuneate at the base, glabrous above, sparsely and very
minutely pubescent beneath, very minutely ciliate. Flowers very
numerous, in dense sessile globose many-flowered umbels or clusters,
which are lateral at every node ; bracts minute |— f lin. long, subulate,
glabrous; pedicels l-lj lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long, linear-
subulate, glabrous. Corolla straight, glabrous outside, sparsely hairy
inside the cylindric part of the tube, green or yellowish-green, with the
inflated part of the tube purplish on both sides; tube J in. long, lf-2
lin. in diam. at the globose-inflated base, cylindric and about J lin. in
diam. above, not dilated at the mouth ; lobes \ in. long, J lin. broad at
the base, erect, connate at the tips, linear-attenuate, flat on the back,
not [replicate, glabrous, not ciliate. Outer corona ^ lin. long, cup-
shaped, obtusely pentagonal, truncate, not toothed, glabrous, white;
inner-coronal lobes much exceeding the anthers, connivent-erect, ^ lin.
long, |- lin. broad, linear-spathulate, very obtuse, glabrous, white.
Anthers ovate, obtusely apiculate. Follicles about 6 in. long and \ in.
thick, terete, tapering to an acute apex, according to Mrs. Lugard's
drawing.

ȣozaxat>. lidist. British Central Africa : Ngamiland ; Kwebe Mills, 3000 ft.,
very rare, 3Irs. Lugard, 161 !

43. C, medoeusis, iV. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 262. Stem
erect, simple, shortly and softly villous, about 1 J ft. high. Leaves dis-
tant; petiole J-lJ lin. long; blade f-2J in. long; J— Ij in. broad,
ovate, ovate-lanceola,te or oblong, subacute, rounded or -subcordate at
the base, concolorous and shortly and softly pilose on both sides, with
the hairs rather denser at the ciliate margins. Flowers 1-2 at the apex
of the stem, large ; pedicels 2-4 lin. long, pubescent. Sepals 3-3J lin.

Cei'opegia.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 4(;i

long, lanceolate-subulate, pubescent. Corolla straight, '2}, in. lon«^, very
sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous within, "dark reddlsh-violeT out-
side, yellow inside up to the lower half of the lobes " {.Schumanit) ; tube
1|-1 j in. long, inflated for 4^-r» lin. at the base, narrowly funnel-
shaped and probably 5-0 lin. in diam. at the mouth, about \}f lin. in
diam. at the intermediate part ; lobes about 1 in. long, connate for ^ - \
of their length at the elliptic-spathulate or obovate-spathulate more or
less replicate apical part into a short broad apiculate cone or umbrell;i-
like top, with a broad wing-like keel down their inner face; claw-
linear. Outer corona arising about J lin. above the bnse of tl)f^
staminal-column, campanulate, lO-toothed ; tube ;ir-# lin. lonf^- teeth
1-1^ lin. long, linear, obtuse, glabrous ; inner coronal-lobes 1 lin. Ion;:,
attaining the same level as the teeth of the outer corona, erect, subu-
late, glabrous, dorsally connected to the outer corona by o vertical
truncate partitions. — C. dichroantha, K. Schum. in Engl Jahrb xxx
385. .,.--.

M;oza.tnb. Dist. Geniiau East Africa: Kondeland; on Ukan^u Mountain,
near Langenburg-, Ooetze, 839 ! Portuguese East Africa : Medo country : between
Lujenda River and Ibo, Last !

Of C. dichroantha, I have seen only a leaf and one calyx from tlie type specimen,
which are perfectly identical with those of C. medoensis ; the description also quiie
agrees with the latter species.

44. C umbraticola, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 153. Steui
herbaceous, erect from a curved base, puberulous and scaberulous above,
glabrous in the lower part. Leaves : petiole 2-4 lin. long; blade 1-2
in. long, 4-0 lin. broad, ovate, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, acute,
rounded at the base, minutely pubescent on both sides, 3-nerved at the
base. Flowers solitary, large ; pedicels 4-10 lin. long, moderately
stout, puberulous. Sepals 2J-3 lin. long, lanceolate-attenuate, puberu-
lous. Corolla nearly straight ; tube 1 J (2 J Schumann) in, long, some-
what inflated in the lower half, scarcely dilated at the mouth, which is
about \ in. in diam., pubescent outside on the upper two-thirds,
glabrous within ; lobes about 1 in. long, 1-1:^ lin. broad at the base,
erect, linear, connate at the tips, reflexed or perhaps replicate along the
margins, pubescent on the back and ciliate with similar short liairs,
glabrous on the inner face. Outer corona arising from near the base of
the staminal-column, campanulate, 10-toothed ; tube 1 ^ lin. long ; teeth
1-1 J lin. long, erect, linear, obtuse, sparsely covered on the inner face
and margins with long straight hairs: inner coronal-lobes j lin. long,
not nearly reaching the same level as the teeth of the outer corona,
linear, obtuse, glabrous, connivent-erect over the backs of the anther."^,
dorsally connected to the outer corona by 5 vertical truncate partitions.
—Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 272, fig. 81, F.

ILower C-uinea. Angola: near Malang-c, Mechow, 370 !

Schumann describes the corolla as being about 3i in. (8-5 cm.) long, of which tlic
tube measures 2-| in. (6 cm.) in length, and states that the corolla-tube and the corona
are both glabrous. I find them as described above.

462 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Cei'opegia.

45. C. campanulata, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 112. A small
bulbous-rooted plant (Don). Stem 6 in. high, h lin. thick, simple,
apparently not twining, pubescent in the upper part, 1-2-flowered.
Leaves erect, subsessile, IJ-lJ in. long, |-1 lin. broad, linear, acute,
tapering at the base, minutely scaberulous along the margins and on
the midrib beneath. Flowers terminal ; pedicel of the detached flower
broken, 2 lin. long, thinly puberulous at the apex. Sepals ascending,
2 lin. long, h lin, broad at the base, whence they gradually taper to an
acute point, thinly pubescent. Corolla about 2 in. long, straight ; tube
18 lin. long, 2|- lin. in diam. at the inflated base, gradually narrowing
to Ij lin. in diam. at the middle, then dilating into a funnel-shaped
mouth 4 J lin. in diam., glabrous outside ; lobes erect, cohering at their
tips, 10-11 lin, long, linear from a deltoid base, replicate, and in the
folded state h lin. broad, inside rather densely covered with woolly white
hairs. — Hook, Niger Fl. 457.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast : Accra, Don !

The above is compiled partly from Don's brief description and partly from the
type specimen in the British Museum, which consists of a single stem o.V in. long,
with the top broken ofP, and a single detached flower, which I have not dissected,
'i'he above measurements are taken from the dried flower, the colour of which is
pallid with a dark base to the tube, but Don describes it as dark purple-brown.

46. C. filipendula, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 150.
Rhizome short ; roots fusiform. Stem solitary, erect, simple, about 1^
ft, high, y\j in. thick, puberulous, subscabrid. Leaves very shortly
petiolate, herbaceous, f-1 J in. long, \-l in. broad, ovate-oblong, obtuse
or somewhat acute, mucronulate, scabrid-puberulous on both sides.
Inflorescence terminal, racemose, about 4 J in. long ; pedicels short,
stout, puberulous. Sepals 2-2-J lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, puberu-
lous, ciliolate. Corolla 1J-1| in. long; tube 6-8 lin. long, globose-
inflated at the base, broadly dilated at the mouth, minutely puberulous
outside; lobes as long as or rather longer than the tube, about 8 lin.
long, broadly ovate, connate at the apex, recurved along the margins
(replicate?). Outer corona Ij lin, long, cup-shaped, 10-toothed; teeth
linear, glabrous ; inner coronal-lobes 2 lin. long, linear, erect, dorsally
connected at the base to the outer corona by 5 partitions, glabrous. —
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 272, fig. 81, D, and 273.

Iioiver Guinea. Angola : near Cissacola in the neighbourhood of the River
Coango, Mechow, 5o3b,

47. C. abyssinica, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 644. Tuber J-1 in.
in diam., subglobose. Stem |-1 ft. high, erect, simple, not twining,
hairy. Leaves herbaceous ; petiole 1-1 J lin. long ; blade 1-1 J in. long,
H-5 lin. broad, varying from oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate-linear,
with scattered hairs on both sides. Flowers 1-3 (or more ?) at the
uppermost nodes (reduced sessile umbels), forming a moderately
compact, terminal, racemose inflorescence; bracts 1-1 J lin. long, subu-
late, hairy ; pedicels \-\ in. long, clothed with spreading hairs, as are
also the 2 J lin. long subulate sepals. Corolla straight, 11 lin. long;

Ceropegia.] lxxxv. AscLEPiADEiE (brown). 4G3

tube h in. long, about 2 lin. in diam., subcylindric, slightly constricted
just below the mouth, which is about 2 lin. in diam., glabrous outside
and inside, whitish, with the base and a band above the middle
purplish; lobes 5 lin. long, erect, connate at the tips, spathulate; lower
half linear, | lin. broad, flat ; spathulate part 1-1 1 lin. bioad, narrowly
■elliptic, replicate, apparently blackish or greenish-black, which colour
-extends to the mouth of the tube, outside sparsely pubescent towards
the tips, glabrous within. Corona arising about J lin. above the base
of the staminal-column, about 1 lin. long, black, quite glabrous ; outer
coronal-lobes reduced to minute pallid notched pouches, reaching to
the level of the anthers; inner coronal-lobes J lin. long, conni vent-
erect, linear, spathulate (? trigonous). — C. hirsuta, Hochst. ex Decne.
in DC. Prod. viii. 644.

wrile Xiand. Abyssinia: Tigre; near Gafta, Schimper, 14161 and without
precise locality, Schimper, 368 !

Both A. Richard and Vatke have mistaken C. loranthiflora for tliis species.

48. C. vignaldiana, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Ahyss. ii. 4s. Tuber
globose. Stem herbaceous, 3-4 in. high, not twining. Leaves \-\\
in. long, l2^-2J lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute, attenuate at the
b.ise, scarcely petiolate, glabrous. Umbels lateral, very shortly
pedunculate, 2-3-flowered ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long. Sepals about H
lin. long, lanceolate, acute. Corolla- tube about 1 in. long, curved above
the globose-inflated base, rather slender, abruptly dilated at the mouth,
purplish at the base, greenish above ; lobes about 3i lin. long, erect,
connate at the tips, linear from a deltoid base, replicate, yellowish-
green. Corona campanulate, with 5 long narrow ligulate (subulate ?)
acute lobes (probably the inner coronal-lobes, the outer ones are probably
small and pouch-like). — Walp. Ann. iii. 67.

ITile Xiand. Abyssinia: Wojerat; in the Sensata meadows, Fetit (ex
Richard.')

I have only seen a drawing of this plant copied from a coloured drawing made
l)y Vignald, which accompanies Richard's type specimen in the HerV)arium of
31. Drake del Castillo, from which I partly describe.

49. C. Steudneri, Vatke in Linncea, xl. 217. Tuber globose,
i-J in. in diam. Stem solitary, erect, not twining, simple, hairy,
growing to more than 20 in. high. Leaves petiolate in th6 lower part,
subsessile on the upper part of the stem ; petiole up to J in. long ;
blade 1-2 J in. long, and up to 1 in. in breadth ; lower leaves oval
{ovate ?), upper oval-oblong, acute, all crenulate, pilose. Cymes sessile,
1-6-flowered ; pedicels about J in. long, slender, hairy. Calyx-lobes
subulate, hairy. Corolla 7 lin. long, straight ; tube more or less
ventricose, about 3 times as long as the sepals, striate ; lobes ol>ovate-
oblong, connate at the tips, more or less hairy outside towards the apex.
Corona simple ; segments united at the base, produced above into
fleshy ligules ; ligules free, black, furnished with a tuft of long hairs at
the base, puberulous at the apex, glabrous elsewliere. — Engl.

464 Lxxxv. ASCLEPIADE^ (brown). [Ceo'opegia,

Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 344. C. steudneonana^ K. Schum. in Eogl. k
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 272.

utile ]baiid. Eritrea : Keren, Steiidner, 1Q^. Abyssinia : Tigre ; Schalia-
g-enne, Schimjjer, 225.

This species appears from tlie description to be very similar to C. ahyssinica, of
which it may be only a form, with larger leaves and a hairy corona.

50. C. humiliSy X. E. Br. Plant about 4 in. high. Tuber
globose. Stem erect, not twining, slender, glabrous. Leaves erect,
1-lf in. long, i-| lin. broad, linear or linear-subulate, acute, glabrous.
Peduncles lateral at the nodes, 1-3 lin. long, 1-2-flowered, blender,
glabrous ; pedicels 1 J-0 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1-1 J lin. long,
subulate, acute, glabrous. Corolla straight ; tube 6-7 lin. long,
slightly and gradually inflated in the lower part, slightly dilated at the
mouth, glabrous outside ; lobes 2| lin. long, connivent-erect, cohering
at the tips, linear from a deltoid base, ciliate. — C vignaldimia, Vatke
in Linnrea, xl. 219 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 344 ; K. Schum.
in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 271, fig. 80, E, not of A.
Richard.

l^ile Xiand. Abyssinia: Tigre; Aniba-Sea, 6500 ft., ^Sc^iwjj^er, 763.

I describe tins plant from the tignre and the few diagnostic characters given by
Schumann in the work above quoted; it is very distinct from C. mgnaldiana, A.
Rich., the leaves being very much narrower, and the corolla small and altogether
different in form.

Imperfectly known species.

51. C. aristolochioides, Decne. in Ami. Sc. JS^'at. 2 ser. ix. 263.
Glabrous. Stem twining, fleshy. Leaves fleshy, petiolate, 2-3J
in. long, 1^-2 J in. broad, cordate, shortly acuminate, very acute.
Peduncles spreading, sometimes longer than the leaves, few-flowered ;
flowers pedicellate, purple-brown. Sepals subulate, acuminate.
Corolla-tube curved, inflated at the base ; lobes lanceolate (rounded in
another description), cohering into a hemispherical limb, apiculate.
Outer coronal-lobes bifid, pilose with long hairs; inner coronal-lobes
ligulate, glabrous. — Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 642 ; Vatke in Oesfc. Bot.
Zeitschi'. 1876, 147, and in Linnaea, xl. 219; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl.
Trop. Afr. 343,

Upper duinea. Senegambia : near Lebar, Heudelot.

tSile Xiand. Eritrea : Habab, 6200 ft., Hildehrand, 384. Abyssinia : Abba
Gerima, 68U0 ft., Schimper ; near Schahagenne, 5000 ft., Schimpery 750.

I have not seen this plant, and quote the specimens from Eritrea and Abyssinia
«n the authority of Vatke & Engler. Dr. Schumann in Engler, Ffi. Ost-Afr. C.
:<27 records it from German East Africa, but I have not seen aliy specimens fiom
tliat region.

liwcreu.cia.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (buown). 40')

45. RIOCBEUXIA, Decne. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 780.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla tubular, more or less inflated at the base,
straight, 5-lobed ; lobes linear, erect, connate at their tips, very slightly
overlapping to the left in bud, not strictly valvate. Corona double,
arising from the staminal-coiumn ; outer corona of 5 small spreading
bifid lobes, alternating with the anthers or united into a spreading
10-toothed frill-like ring; inner corona of 5 linear or shortly oblong
lobes, erect and closely applied to the backs of the anthers, sometimes
longer than the anthers and connivent over them. Staminal-coiumn
arising from or near the bottom of the corolla-tube, very short and
together with the corona included in the inflated part of the corolla;
anthers erect, oblong, terminated by a small, somewhat fleshy appen-
dage. Pollen-masses erect, pellucid at the apex, solitary in each anther-
cell, attached slightly below their middle in pairs to the pollen-carriers
by exceedingly short caudicles. Style not exceeding the anthers, trun-
cate at the apex. Follicles linear-fusiform, acuminate, usually more or
less beaded, from being constricted between the seeds, smooth. Seeds
crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Tuberous rooted perennials with annual
twining stems several feet in length. Leaves opposite, cordate. Inflor-
escence lateral at the nodes, consisting either of a cymose panicle with the
flowers in few- or many-flowered sessile umbels racemosely arranged
along the branches, or of 2 or more sessile umbels racemosely arranged
along a single peduncle, and often with a sessile umbel at the node itself.
Flowers usually numerous, of moderate size.
Species few, chiefly natives of South Africa.

This genus is closely allied to Ceroper/ia, and only differs in the character of i t
inflorescence.

Stem pubescent along one line alternating at the

nodes; inner coronal-lobes longer than the anthers. 1. R. profusa.

Stem villous ; inner coronal-lobes shorter than the

anthers . . . . . . . . 2. i2. splendida.

1. R. profusa, i\^. £. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 2(10.
Stem twining, |-1J lin. thick, pubescent along one line alterna-
ting at the nodes, otherwise glabrous. Leaves spreading ; petiole 1-2 A
in. long, pubescent; blade 2|--5i in. long, l|-4 in. broad, cordate-ovate
or elliptic-ovate, shortly cuspidate, acute or acuminate, deeply cordate
at the base, with a broad subtruncate sinus between the semiorbicular
incurved or overlapping basal-lobes, palmately 7-nerved, denuded along
the basal nerves at the sinus, thinly and rather minutely pubescent on
both sides or nearly glabrous above. Cymes large, glabrous, divided at
their origin into 2-3 branches from J-7 in. long, which are dichoto-
mously or trichotomously branched and bearseveral umbel-like cymulos of
3-4 flowers; bracts subulate ^-1 lin. long,; pedicels ^-U in. long,
slender, glabrous. Sepals 1| lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous.
Corolla 7-8J lin. long, glabrous outside and within ; tube \-h\ lin. long,
subcylindric or slightly inflated at the base ; lobes o-ol lin. long, linear-
lanceolate, attenuate-acute, erect, connate at the tips, apparently orange-

406 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE^ (bROWN). [Ei

locreuocia.

red. Oiiter coronal-lobes J lin. long, arising J lin. above the base of the
1 lin. long staminal-column, spreading, subrectangular, bifid, concave ;
inner coronal-lobes J lin. long, linear, acate, truncate or slightly
broadened and bifid at the apex, longer than the anthers, closely applied
to their backs and connivent over them. Follicles G-6J in. long, 2-2J
lin. thick, linear, tapering into a slender beak at the apex and into a
stipe at the base, very slightly torulose. Seeds J in. long, 1 lin. broad,
much rounded on one face, deeply concave on the other, glabrous,
crowned with a tuft of hairs. — B. torulosa, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-
Afr. C. 327, not of Decne.

Mozazub. Blst. British Central Africa: Nyasalaiid ; Shire Higlilands,
Buchanan, 205 ! Namasi, Cameron ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 455 I

2. R. splendida, K. Schujii. in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. -460. Stem
twining, rather stout, If -2 lin. thick in the flowering part, villous.
Leaves membranous ; petiole 21-2J in. long, villous ; blade 4J-6 in.
long, 2|-4 in. broad, ovate, with a long acutely acuminate point, cordate
at the base, 7-9-nerved,puberulous on both sides. Flowers collected into
subglobose subumbellate fascicles ; pedicels 4J-9 lin. long. Sepals
1|- lin. long, subulate, glabrous. Corolla broadly tubular, somewhat
dilated at the base, in the living state whitish-green outside, orange-red
within, in the dried state the lower part yellowish and the upper reddish-
brown ; tube 5 J lin. long ; lobes o|- lin. long, subulate. Inner coronal-
lobes oblong, obtuse, shorter than the anthers. Staminal-column 1 lin.
long.

IVSozaml). Sist. German East Africa: Uhehe ; near Makombe, 5900 ft.,
Goetze, 681.

I have not seen this species, which is said to differ from R. profiisa, N. E. Br.,
in its much richer inflorescence and more copious indumentum.

46. BRACHYSTELMA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 781.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate, saucer-shaped, or with a short cam-
panulate tube, 5-lobed ; lobes free or connate at their tips, valvate or
replicate- valvate in bud. Corona double, arising from the staminal-
column, very variable ; outer corona of 5 spreading or erect bifid lobes,
alternating with the anthers, often adnate to the inner coronal-lobes
and appearing to form one series with them in the form of lateral teeth,
or more or less annular or cup-shaped at the base, 10-toothed and often
wdth the teeth of two adjacent lobes closer together than are the teeth
of the same lobe, rarely reduced to a fleshy ring without evident teeth
or lobes ; inner corona of 5 lobes incumbent on the backs of the anthers
and sometimes produced beyond them into long erect tips, often dorsally
adnate at their base to the outer corona or connected to it by fleshy
partitions. Staminal-column arising near or at the base of the corolla ;
anthers inflexed or incumbent upon the apex of the style. Pollen-
masses horizontal or ascending, solitary in each anther-cell, with a
pellucid margin at their apex, attached in pairs by very short

BrackT/stelma.] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 467

•caudicles to the pollen-carriers or subsessileupon them. Style truncate or
convex at the apex. Follicles fusiform or linear-fusiform, smooth. Seetls
•crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Perennial herbs with a tuberous rootstock
or a fascicle of thick fleshy roots, usually of dwarf habit. Stem simple or
much branched, erect, prostrate, or rarely twining, leafy to the top.
Leaves opposite. Flowers small or of moderate size, solitary and sub-
lateral at the nodes, or two to many together in lateral or terminal umbels
or umbel-like cymes.

Species many, natives of Africa and India. Closely allied to Ceroper/ia, differ-
ing ill habit, and in the corolla-tube being saucer-shaped or campanuhtte and not
inflated at the base, but Ceropegia loranthijiora tends to connect the two genera.
The tubers of most, if not all, ot the species are eaten by the natives.
Flowers in terminal umbels.

Leaves elliptic, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong ; corolla-
lobes broadly deltoid.
Corolla entirely blackish-purple . . . . 1. B. Buchanani.

Corolla concentrically zimed with yellowish and

blackish-purple 2. B. magicum.

Leaves linear; corolla-lobes linear.

Corolla-lobes 3 in. long, with long white hairs or.

their inner face 3. 5. Johnstoni.

Corolla-lobes ^ in. long, glabrous on their inner

face . . . . . . . . 4i. B. phyfeumoides.

Flowers in pairs or 1—4 at the nodes.

Leaves elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate, h-\ in. broad ;

corolla-lobes deltoid-ovate . . . . o. B. Bingeri.

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, ^^-2.] lin. broad.
Corolla-lobes 6—10 lin. long, linear or lauctolate-
1 near.
Pedicels and corolla quite glabrous . . . Q. B. plocamoides.

Pedicels pubescent or subtomentose.

Leaves ^-1^ in. long ; corolla rotate . . 7. B. Ta valla.

Leaves 1^-2^ in. long; corolla with a cam-

panulate tube 2 lin. long . . . 8. 5. lineare.

Corolla-lobes 1^ lin. long, bi'oadly ova^e . , 9. jB. Schinzii.

]. B. Buchanan!, X. E. Br. in Keic Bulletin, 1895, :?(>:). Koot-
stock a large fleshy tuber. Stem erect, stout, with a very short spread-
ing pubescence. Leaves large, subsessile, li-a in. long. f--4 in. broad,
elliptic-obovate, very obtusely rounded with or without a very short
triangular point at the apex, cuneate-acute at the base, both sides
shortly pubescent, ciliolate. Umbel terminal, sessile, 20-o()-flowered;
pedicels 1 in. long, shortly pubescent. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, lanceolate,
acuminate, pubescent. Corolla |-1 in. in diam., saucer- shaped, blackish-
purple, glabrous on both, sides, o-lobed to half-way down ; lobes tri-
angular, acute. Outer corona shortly cup-shaped at the base, 10-
toothed ; teeth connected in pairs by a fleshy partition to the backs of
the inner coronal-lobes, their free part h lin. long, deltoid-subulate,
erect or ascending (not spreading as originally described), retrorsely
pubescent; inner coronal-lobes A— jj lin. long, oblong, emarginate,
incumbent on the backs of the anthers and equalling or slightly

4G8 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Brachystelma.

exceeding them, glabrous. — B. shirmse^ Schlechter in Journ. of Bot.
1895, 331).

IMEozamb. X»ist. British Centi-al Africa: Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands,
Buchanan, 116 1 Mount Sochi, 4500 ft., Scotl-Elliot, 8520 ! Mount Mlanji, Scott-
JEUiot^ 8666 ! Chiromo, Scott-Mliot, 8697 ! Namasi, Cameron, 5 !

In my original description the inflorescence is inaccurately described, the umbel
of the specimen has been split for drying so as to resemble a cyme, which I liad not
perceived when first describing it. Mr, Buchanan states that " the large fleshy root
is said to possess remarkable healing qualities. When applied to a wound the root is
simi)ly chewed and then laid on. Wounds of a serious nature thus dressed are said
to heal rapidly." Both this plant and Margarefta Whytei were accidentally num-
bered 8666 by Scott-Elliot.

2. B. xnagicum, N, E. Br. in Kew Bulletin^ 1895, 263. Leaf 3J
in. long, 1| in. broad, oblanceolate-oblong, subobtuse, cuneate-acute at
the base, pubescent on both sides, especially on the veins and midrib
beneath. Pedicels about 1 in. long, slender, pubescent. Sepals \ in.
long, lanceolate-attenuate, pubescent. Corolla quite glabrous, concentri-
cally zoned with yellowish and blackish -purple or dark purple-brown,
about 1 in. in diam., rotate or broadly saucer-shaped ; lobes reduced to 5
short deltoid teeth, about l-J-2 lin. long, separated by intervals of J an
inch. Outer corona annular or shortly cupular at the base, 10-toothed ;
teeth adnate at their base to the partitions connecting them with the
inner coronal-lobes, their free part 1 lin. long, subulate, probably erect,
glabrous ; inner coronal-lobes J-f lin. long, linear, obtuse, incumbent on
the backs of the anthers and not exceeding them, glabrous.

l^ozaxnb. Dist. German East Africa: "collected a long day's journey this
side of Ujiji," by the Belgian Consul at Zanzibar, in January 1884 !

Of this A-ery distinct species 1 have only seen a single leaf and a flower, but it is
probably a large stout-stemmed species allied to B. Biichanani, The /on.ing of the
corolla is very distinct and rather pretty. This species is stated to be " regarded by
the natives as a magic plant, causing them to lose their way when met with on a
journey."

3. B. Johnstoni, N. E. Br. in Hook. Ic. PL xxviii. t. 2754.
Plant 6-9 in. high. Stem branching, compressed, with rather acute
edges, puberulous. Leaves opposite, spreading, -J-lJ in. long, 1-2 lin.
broad, linear, acute, narrowed at the base into a very short petiole or
subsessile, apparently longitudinally folded or with incurved more or
less undulate margins, glabrous above, very thinly pubescent beneath ;
midrib very prominent beneath. Flowers 4-5 at the top of the stem,
large, umbella,te in the axils of the terminal or subterminal pair of
leaves; peduncle none ; pedicels 1-IJ lin. long, rather stout, pubescent.
Sepals 3 lin. long, | lin. broad at the" base, thence gradually tapering to
a very acute apex, pubescent on the back, channelled on the face in
the upper part. Corolla glabrous and purpHsh- or dull greenish-
brown outside, densely covered with long white woolly hairs on the
inner face of the lobes, puberulous in the tube, which is dark purple-
brown, marked with a few narrow w-hitish or yellowish concentric zones
at the mouth ; tube \ in. long, about J in. in diam. at the mouth, cam-

Brachystelma.] lxxxv. ASCLEriADE.E (brown). 4G'.)

panulate; lobes 3 in. long, 2 lin. broad at the base, thence gradually
tapering into very long linear or linear-fibforrh tails, ascending-spread-
ing. Outer corona arising from the base of the staminal-colunm, about
1 lin. long, cup-shaped, 10-toothed, blackish-purple ; teeth about \ lin.
long and broad, deltoid-oblong, very obtuse, furnished with a tuft of
minute deflexed hairs at the apex on the inner face ; inner coronal-lobes
J lin. long, 1 lin. broad, linear-oblong, obtuse, incumbent on the backs
of the anthers, which they completely cover but do not exceed.

Wile Xiand. British East Africa : Uorjuida Protectorate ; Xaiidi district, at
Fort Ternan, Johnston !

4. B. phyteumoides, K. Schicm. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 141).
,Stems several from a thick rhizome (or tuber ?), slender, sparingly
branched, about 4 in. high, sparsely puberulous in the upper part.
Leaves erect, l-i-^J in. long, ^--^ lin. broad, linear, acuminate, revo-
lute along the margins, glabrous, with a few minute hairs on the midrib
beneath. Flowers shortly pedicellate, in a terminal many- flowered
umbel placed between a pair of leaves ; bracts subulate, sparsely puberu-
lous, with solitary glands between them; pedicels 1-1. I lin. long,
puberulous. Sepals 1-1-| lin. long, lanceolate-attenuate, glabrous.
Corolla-tube short, campanulate, about 1 [ lin. long, 1 .', lin. broad; lobes
I in. long, spreading, slender, almost filiform from a deltoid-ovate base,
with revolute margins, glabrous within, sparsely puberulous outside, dark
purple-brown. Corona included within the corolla-tube, glabrous ; outer
coronal-lobes J lin. long, bifid ; inner coronal-lobes scarcely I lin. long,
linear, obtuse, incumbent on the back of the anthers and not exceeding
them. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 2(;s,

Wile ]Land. Jur : near Jur Gliattas, Schiveinfurth, ser. iii. 37 !

B. euphorbioides^ K. Schum. ex Duraiid & Jackson, Index Ke\ven>is Supj)!. i.
€2, is manifestly an error for B. phyteivmoides, as the name B. euphorhioides does
not occur at the place cited for it, nor liavc I Jouiid it elsewhere.

5. B. Bingeri, A. Chevcdier in Jiev. Cult. Colon, viii. 07, vnih fig.
Tuber variable in form, often somewhat globose or oblong, 1^-3] in. in
diam. Stem slightly branching at the base, 2-4 in. high. Leaves in
3-5 pairs to each branch, shortly petiolate, 1-2J in. long, ^-1 in. broad,
varying from broadly elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate, acute to very
obtuse, cuneate at the base, shortly puberulous above, glabrous or with
some hairs on the midrib beneath. Flowers axillary, in a :>-4-Howered
•cymule or solitary ; bracts about J lin. long, ovate, acute, rusty-juiberu-
lous ; pedicels 3-10 lin. long, slender, rusty-puberulous. Sepals 1-1}
lin. long, ovate, acute, rusty-puberulous. Corolla about 7 lin. in diam.,
reddish-white, puberulous outside ; tube about 1 lin. long ; lobes about
:*) lin. long, deltoid-ovate, subacute. Outer corona cup-shapeil, furnislied
with 5 exterior filiform erect appendages equalling or longer than the
corolla-lobes ; inner coronal-lobes lanceolate, pointed, half as long ns
the outer corona. Fruit unknown. — N. E. Br. in (Jard. Chron. T.lOl,
xxix. 175.

VOL. IV. ^

470 LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE.« (bROWN).

Vpper Guinea. French Soudan : between the River Baule and tlie town of
Sikaso, Binger.

This plant is called " Filcongo" by the natives of the region of the Upper Niger,
who eat its tubers, chiefly in the months of May and June, when their stores ot
millet and rice are used up. The measurements given above are partly taken from
the original description and partly from the figure which accompanies it.

G. B. plocamoideSy Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 112, t. 77,
fi,g. 1. Tuber large and fleshy, like a turnip, tasting something
like liquoiice {Grant). Stem repeatedly trichotomously or dichoto-
mously branched from the base, 8-9 in. high, glabrous. Leaves 2-3 J
in. long, J-^ lin. broad, linear, shortly and abruptly uncinate-mucronu-
late at the apex, glabrous. Flowers solitary, sublateral between the
bases of the leaves ; pedicels G-7 lin. long, glabrous, occasionally
bearing a linear bract at about their middle. Sepals l^-S lin. long,
glabrous. Corolla stellate-rotate, 5-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes 9-10
lin. long, 1-14 lin. broad at their base, lanceolate-linear, acute, glabrous,
dark purple {Grant). Outer corona 10-toothed; teeth in 5 contiguous
pairs, |-1 lin. long, deltoid-acuminate, ascending, glabrous : inner
coronal-lobes scarcely \ lin. long, oblong, obtuse, incumbent on the
backs of the anthers and shorter than them, dorsally adnate to the outer
corona, glabrous. — K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 327, and in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 204, fig. 77, H, and 208. B. sp.,
Thomson in Speke, Nile, Append. 040.

IMCozamb. ]9ist. German East Africa : Uyansi ; in dry forest at Jiwa la
Mkoa, in the Mgunda Mkali, 3700 ft., Sveke Sf Grant !

7. B. Tavalla, K. Schum. in Enyl. Jahrh. xxviii. 459. Tuber
globose. Stems about 9 in. high, subsimple, subtomentose above^
Leaves sessile, |— IJ in. long, ll— 2J lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute,
narrowed at the base, subtomentose on both sides. Flowers axillary,
solitary or in pairs ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long, subtomentose. Sepals 1 J
lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, tomentose. Corolla rotate, violet,
green within, puberulous outside near the base, densely villous with
long '\dolet hairs within; tube 1\ lin. long; lobes 7J lin. long, linear,
somewhat dilated at the base. Outer corona not described ; inner
coronal-lobes | lin. long, overtopping the anthers, truncate, toothed.
Staminal-column J lin. long.

XtCosaznb. Sist. German East Africa: Uhehe ; near Ilugaro, Goetze, 541.

8. B. lineare, A. Bich. Tent. Fl. Ahjss. ii. 49, t. 72. Tuber
depressed-globose, about 2 in. in diam. Stems 3-4 in. high, branching
at the base, pubescent. Leaves lJ-2^ in. long, 1-1|- lin. broa.d,
ascending, linear, acute, narrowed at the base, scarcely petiolate,
glabrous. Flowers solitary or in pairs, sublateral at the nodes ;
pedicels l|-2 lin, long, slender, pubescent. Sepals about 1 lin. long,
lanceolate, acute. Corolla-tube campanulate, about 2 lin. long ; lobes
6-7 lin. long, linear- attenuate, very acute. Coronal-lobes arising from
the middle of the staminal-column, broadly obcordate, abruptly

Brachystehna.] lxxxv. asclepiade.*: (brown). 471

apiculate. Follicles l-J-lJ in. long, 3J-4J ]in. thick, stout, fusiform,
beaked, glabrous. — Walp. Ann. iii. G8 ; K. Schum. in Engl, ct Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 2G8.

N'ile Ziand. Abyssinia : by tbe Tacazze River, is moist shady places, Quartin
Dillon.

I have only seen a tracing of part of Ricluird's type, wliicii quite agrees with his
figure, from which the measurements in the above description are taken. On the
plrtte the outer corona is represented as forming five pouclies, sliortly bifid, with
rounded lobules, and the inner coronal-lobes its linear-lanceolate, acute, inflexed over
and longer than the anthers.

9. B. Schiuzii, jV. E. Br. A dwarf species, the entire plant
(including the tuber) 3-5 in. high. Tuber about 1 in. in diam., fleshy,
conical-ovoid, flattish at the base. Stem solitary, divided at the surface
of the ground into a few prostrate branches, f-2-^ in. long, puberulous
with short curved hairs; underground part simple, 1-H in. long,
glabrous. Leaves erect or ascending. |-2 in. long, ^-J lin. broad,
sessile, linear or subterete, from the margins being revolute until they
touch each other, somewhat fleshy, obtuse or subacute, more or less
puberulous with short curved hairs. Flowers usually in pairs, sub-
lateral between the bases of the leaves ; pedicels G-8 lin. long, slender,
sparsely puberulous. Sepals 1-1 1 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate,
glabrous. Corolla rotate, 4-5 lin. in diam., 5-lobed to half-way down,
purple-brown, with a white centre; lobes IJ lin. long and as niach in
breadth, broadly ovate, acute, glabrous outside, villous inside with long
purple hairs, which taper towards each end. Outer corona arising fiom
the middle of the J lin. long staminal-column and reaching to the level
of its top, annular or very shortly cup-shaped, subpentagonal, entire,
glabrous, whitish (or yellowish ?) with the margin purple-brown ; inner
coronal-lobes obsolete, represented by the rather thick partitions which
connect the base of the anthers with the outer corona. Anthers oblong,
retuse, incumbent on the top of the truncate depressed apex of the
style. — C rater osienima Schinzii, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. ir)4 ;
and in Engl. &, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 266.

Ziower Guinea. German South-west Africa : Ambohmd ; OlukoniLi, Schinz f

Iinperfectly known species.

10. B. keniense, Schweinf. in H'Ohnel, Zinn Rudolph-See und
Stephanie-See, Sonderahdr. 8. Subcaulescent, branched, puberulous.
Leaves lanceolate, petiolate. Flowers overtopping the leaves, axillary,
solitary. Calyx puberulous. Corolla lobed more than two-thirds the
way down, glabrous. Corona subsimple, with the interior scales adnate
to the back of the stamens and there incumbent upon a fold,
appendaged at the base by a rectangular tooth on each side (the lobes
of the outer corona). Anthers with an obtuse thickened apex. — Engl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 344 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C.
327, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 268.

472 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Brochystelma.

irile Iiancl. British East Africa : Kikuyu region, near the foot of Mount
Keuia, 5200-6500 ft., Eohnel, 29.

11. B. ellipticum, A. Rich. Tent. Fl Abyss, ii. 19. Tuber
depressed. Stems about 3-1 in. high, branched, scarcely pulverulent-
puberuious. Leaves 5-7 lin. long, li-2J lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate
or elliptic-oblong, acute, narrowed at the base into a short petiole,
glabrous. Flowers unknown. Fruiting pedicels solitary at the nodes,
about 3 lin. long. Sepals 2J-3 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate.
Follicles about 10-11 lin. long, 4 lin. thick, ovoid-lanceolate, tapering
at the apex, glabrous. — Walp. Ann. iii. 68 ; K. Schum. in Engl. <fe
Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. ii. 268.

ZTile Xiand. Abyssinia : Tacazze River, Quarlin Dillon.

I describe this partly from a drawing of a portion of Richard's type which is now
in the herbarium of" M. Drake del Castillo. Tliis plant may possibly prov^e to be a
species of Raphionacme.

17. TENARIS, E. Meyer; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 77r>.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube very short ; lobes 5, linear or linear-
spathulate, spreading or ascending, replicate-valvate in bud. Corona
small, double, arising from the staminal-column above its base ; outer
corona of 5 concave, more or less spreading lobes^ alternating with the
anthers ; inner corona of 5 linear or subulate lobes, incumbent on the
back of the anthers and sometimes produced beyond them. Staminal-
cjlumn arising from the base of the corolla-tube; anthers incurved-
erect or incumbent on the apex of the style, with or without a very
short appendage. Pollen-masses minute, subascending or subhorizontal,
solitary in each anther-cell, turgid, with a pellucid margin near the
apex, attached in pairs by very short caudicles to the very minute
pollen-carriers. Style obtuse at the apex. Follicles slender, smooth,
erect. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Perennial herbs with
tuberous rootstock. Stems slender, erect, usually leafless in the
flowering part. Leaves opposite, linear. Inflorescence terminal, sub-
racemose or paniculate ; flowers usually in pairs, pedicellate.

Species 5, two being South African.

There is little beyontl habit to distinguish this genus from Brachystelma. The
aesti>ation is wrongly described in the Genera Plantarum, and tho minute teeth
described and figured by Harvey, and described by myself as existing on the face of
tlie outer coronal-lobes, do not belong to the corona at all, but are anther-wings,
Avhich, viewed from above, appear to be on the face of the coronal-lobes at their
base, hence the mirconception.

Leaves very minute, not more than 1 lin. long, the
plant uppe;iring leafless.
Corolla-lobes fringed with long purple hairs . . 1. T. fiomalcnsis,

Co/olla-lobes not fringed with hairs . . . "2. T. siibaphylla.

Leaves i- 3 in. long, lineiir, in a few distant pairs . 3. T. rostrata.

2'eiiaris.] Lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 473

1. T. somalensis, ^^! E. Br. Apparently a tall slender herb ;
the unique specimen is 10 in. long, leafless, glabrous, and is evidently
only the inflorescence, being marked to the base by the scars of fallen
flowers, which are racemosely arranged in moderately distant pairs, 1 of
each pair opening and fallirjg away before the other expands. J:}racts
minute, acuminate; pedicels 4 lin. long, slender, glabrous. Sepals \-\\
lin. long, h, lin. broad at the base, gradually tapering to an acute apex,
glabrous. Corolla outside whitish ? spotted with purple-brown, glabrous ;
inside dark purple or purple-brown on the lobes, marked with 2-:>
yellowish or whitish transverse bars at the base and densely fringed with
long purple flattened fusiform hairs ; tube 1 lin. long, campanulate or
cup-shaped ; lobes suberect or slightly spreading, 5 lin. long, 1 lin. broad,
spathulate-oblanceolate, acute, with an apiculus i lin. long. Outer
coronal-lobes bifid, glabrous ; inner coronal-lobes ligulate, obtuse, nearly
twice as long as the outer coronal-lobes, glabrous. — Lasiostelma somalensey
Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1899, 01.

Wile Itand. Somalilaiid, Mrs. Lort-PhUlips I

2. T. subaphylla, y. E. Br. Stems several to a plant, slender,
slightly branched, nearly leafless, glabrous. Leaves minute, scarcely
1 lin. long, sessile, subulate, acuminate, glabrous, adpressed to the stem.
Raceme terminal, about 4 in. long, slender ; bracts small, subfiliform ;
flowers in pairs, pedicellate ; pedicels 5-7 lin. long, very slender,
glabrous. Sepals f-lj lin. long, triangular, acuminate. Corolla cam-
panulate, probably purple-brown, quite glabrous ; tube 1 lin. long ; lobes
^h lin. long, subulate, acuminate, broadly recurved along the margins.
Outer corona arising \ lin. above the base of the staminal-column,
urceolate, 10-toothed ; inner coronal-lobes J lin. long, subulate, about
equalling the anthers. Follicles (immature) 4 j lin. long, 1 lin. thick. —
Bradujstelma suhaphyllmn., K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma,
vii. 40.

Wile Iiand. Sonialiliiiul : on a dry plain near Meiulah, Rohecchl-BrLCchetti,
113.

This species is statiKl to be easily distinguished by its minute leaves, which cause
it to appear falsely leafless.

a. T. rostrata, N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1S8.">, xxiv. :'>9. Tuber
1| in. in diam., depressed-globose. Stem l-i-2J ft. high, simple, slender,
glabrous. Leaves in 4-6 distant pairs, 1-3 in. long, J-U lin. broad,
linear or linear-tiliform, acute, glabrous, recurved-spreading. Inflores-
cence terminal, racemose or paniculate, leafless ; flowers in pairs or 1 4
together at the ends of the branches of the panicle ; bracts minute ;
pedicels 2-31 lin. long, slender, glabrous. Sepals J-l lin, long, ovate or
lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla rotate, J-l] in. in diam. ; lol>es 4-7
lin. long, J-l|- lin. broad, linear, or slightly dilated at the obtuse or
subacute apex, whitish, densely covered with minute purple dots on the
basal part, giving the flower a pinkish hue, e.specially when dried.
Outer coronal-lobes about I lin. long, spreading, conaive, ovate, bifid at
the apex, yellowish ; inner coronal-lobes much exceeding the anthers.

474 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [l^eua^ns.

about J lin. long, erect or slightly recurving, subulate, slightly gibbous
at their base, pinkish. — Schlechter in Journ. Bot. 1895, 339 ; K. Schuin.
in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 327, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv.
ii. 296. T. Volkensii, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 327, and in
Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 295, fig. 91.

XVXozazub. Xlist. Gennan East Africa : Karagwe and Urundi, Scott-Elliot,
8211 ! 8374 ! Usagiira, Last ! Kirk ! Kilimanjaro ; Himo River below Marangu,
Volkens, 2183 (ex Schumann), and without precise locality. Smith !

48. ECHIDHOPSIS, Hook. f. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 781.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate or rotate-cam panulate, 5-lobed,
fleshy. Corona arising from the staminal-column ; outer corona none or
cupular or of 5 short lobes or pouches alternating with the anthers ;
inner corona of 5 fleshy lobes horizontally inflexed and incumbent on
the backs of the anthers. Staminal-coiumn arising from the base of
the corolla, very short ; anthers horizontally incumbent on the top of
the subtruncate style. Pollen-masses horizontal, solitary in each anther-
cell, united in pairs to the minute pollen- carriers. Follicles not seen. —
Leafless succulent plants, with stout cylindric several-angled branching
stems ; angles tessellately divided by impressed transverse lines into
very obtuse and minutely apiculate tubercles, the apiculus being a rudi-
mentary leaf. Flowers small, in fascicles (sometimes solitary by abor-
tion) along the grooves between the angles, and mostly towards the apex
of the stems.

Species iew, natives of Tropical Africa, Arabin, and Socotra.

'Echidnopsis cannot be technically distinguished from Caralluma by its floral
structure, but as all the species are well characterised by their peculiar many-
angled tessellate stems, it is perhaps, moi-e convenient, to keep them generically dis-
tinct. Prof. Schumann states in the Monatsschr. fiir Kakteenkunde, 1893, iii. 98,
that Echidnopsis is distinguished by the flowers arising in the grooves between tlie
angles of the stem, whilst in the other Stapeliece tliey arise from the axils of the
tubercles ; but throughout the tribe (with the exception of a few species of
Caralluma in which the umbels are terminal, or the flowers subaxillary), I tind that
they always arise from the groove between the angles, although usually a little to
one side of the middle of the channel.
Outer coronal-lobes or pouches none.
Corolla 3^-4 lin, in diam.

Flowers yellow . . . . . . . 1. E. cereiformift.

Flowers purple-brown, corona yellow . . . 1. E. cereiformis^ var»

Corolla 1^-2 lin. in diam. ; flowers purple-brown . 2. E. nuhica.
Outer corona of 5 distinct lobes or small pouches, alter-
nating witii the inner coronal -lobes.
Stems 8-10-angled ; outer coronal-lobes or pouches
spreading or deflexed, not attaining, to the level
of the inner corona . . . . . . 3. JS'. dammanniana.

Stems 6-8-angled.

Outer coronal -pouches attaining to about the level

of the inner corona . . . . . 4. E. Virchowii.

Outer coronal-lobes linear, incurved-erect, over-
topping the inner corona . . . . h. E. somalensis.

i

Echidnopsis.'] lxxxv. asclepiade.e (brown). 47 '>

1. £!• cereiformis. Hook. f. in Hot. May. t. r)9;>0. Stems fleshy,
leafless, i-| in. thick, cylindric, obtusely 8-airgled ; angles tessellately
divided into obtuse tubercles, glabrous. Flowers fascicled near the
tips of the stems, subsessile, bright yellow. Sepals J- J lin. long,
broadly ovate, acute, glabrous. Corolla o^-4 lin. in diam,, rotate-cam-
panulate, fi-lobed to half-way down; lobes li lin. long, broadly ovate,
acute, glabrous. Outer corona none ; inner corona of 5 smooth fleshy
deltoid-ovate acute lobes, horizontally inflexed and incum])ent on the
backs of the anthers, yellow. — Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. I n tern a z.
1892, 349; Berger in Malpighia, 1902, 160, t. ?,, figs. ?> and D-lo.
E. tessellata, K. Schum.in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 274, and
in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 42. Apteranthes tessellata, Decne. in
Ann. Sc, Nat. 5 ser. xiii. 400. Stapelia qjlindrica, Ilort. ex Hook. f.
in Bot. Mag. t. 5930. Piaranthus fascicidaris, Hort. ex K. Schum. in
Monatsschr. fUr Kakteenkunde, 1893, iii. 101.

Wile Xiand. Eritrea: near Geleb, Penzig (ex Penzig). Abyssinia: amonp:
rocks ill tlie district of Mascliila and in the vicinity of Dschedscha, Schimper (ex
Decaisne). Somaliland : in dry clialky soil near Passo di Cavernan (Carbedan),
Riva, 943 (ex Schtimann). Also cultivated specimens !

Described from living cultivated plants.

Var. brunnea, Berger in Malpighiii, 1902, 160. Flowers purple-brown, paler
towards the centre; coronal-lobes yellow. No other distinction, — S. dammanniaua,
var. brunnea, Dammann, Cat. 1893, 46.

XTile Ziand. Eritrea or Abyssinia : cultivated specimen !

Described from a living plant, introduced into cultivation by Messrs. Dam-
mann & Co. of Naples.

Var. obsvura, Berger in Malpighia, 1902, 160. Flowers of an intense brown.

isrile Iiand. Eritrea, Schiveinfurth (ex Berger).

2. E. nubiica, N. E. Br. in Keio Bulletin, 1895, 203. Stems and
inflorescence as in^. cereiformis. Sepals i-| lin. long, lanceolate, acute,
minutely papillate on the back. Corolla rotate or rotate-campauulate,
1^-2 lin. in diam., 5-lobed to rather more than half-way down ; lobes
J— I lin. long, ovate, acute, glabrous, smooth within, minutely papillate
on the outside. Outer corona none ; inner coronal-lobes deltoid-ovate,
about \ lin. long, incumbent on the backs of the anthers and about
equalling them in length. Follicles attaining a length of 4 in. and a
thickness of 4 lin., purplish with darker markings. — Berger in Mal-
pighia, 1902, t. 3, figs. 11-12. E. dawmanniana, Schweinf. in Garten-
flora, 1895, 633, fig. 124-125, not of Sprenger.

lUlle Z.and. Nubia: Mount Erkowit, near SUnkin, SchiceinfuHh, 22S 1
Eritrea : Geleb, Schweinf urth (ex Schweinf itrth).

The flowers are much smaller than in any of the other species, and arc dcsrribcd
by Schweinfurth as purple-brown in colour, or dotted with piiri)le-brown on a
greenish ground.

3. E. dammanniana, Sp-enger in Dawmann, Cat. 1892, 4,/<7. 5.
Stems like those of E. cereiformis, | to j in. thick, tessellately H-10-
angled, dull greyish- or purplish-green, glabrous. Flowers solitary or

47 G Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Eckldnopsis.

2-5 together, subsessile, but the pedicels lengthening to 1 lin. long in
fruit. Sepals | lin. long, ovate-acuminate, glabrous, very minutely-
papillate. Corolla rotate, ^5^ lin. in diam., dark purple-brown on the
lobes, yellowish with dark purple-brown dots on the disk; lobes 1 J lin.
long, 1 lin. broad, ovate, acute, glabrous, papillate outside. Outer
coronal-lobes small, spreading or deflexed, concave, tooth-like or with
the sides more or less pinched together at about the middle, dark
purple-brown, glabrous ; inner coronal-lobes J lin. long, deltoid, acute,
incumbent on the backs of the anthers, dark purple-brown, glabrous. —
Wiener 111. Gartenzeit. 1892, 351, fig. 59 ; Gartenflora, 1892, 526, .fig.
107 ; N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1894, xvi. 530 ; Penzig in Atti Congr.
Internaz. 1892, 349; Berger in Malpighia, 1902, 101, t. 3, fig. 13-14.
E. dammaniana^'K. Schum. Monatsschr. fUr Kakteenkunde, iii. 101,
and in Engl, tt Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 274 (not of Schweinf urth).

irile Iiand. Eritrea : cuUicated specimeti / frequent around Geleb, Penzig
(ex Penzig).

Described from a cultivated plant introduced by Messrs. Danimann & Co. of
I^aples.

Specimens collected by Schweinfurth & Riva (1273) on the north side of
Saganeiti towards Selet, 6000-7000 ft., in Eritrea, niiiy belong to this sjiecies, but
there are no fiowers on the specimens I have seen. Po-sibly the Geleb plant col-
lected by Penzig (whicli I have not seen) may be JE. nubica, N. E. Br., which is
easily distinguished by its very much smaller flowers.

Probably Boiicerosia cyVindrica, Brongn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vii. 90O,
should be referred to this species ; it was collected by Courhon near Halai, in
Eritrea.

4. E. Virchowii, K. Schtcm. Monatsschr. filr Kakteenkvnde, iii.
98, ic'ith fiy. Habit and general appearance as in E. cereiformis, Hook
f., but more slender. Stems 3J-5 lin. thick, 6-angled, tessellately
divided into slightly pronounced tubercles. Flowers subsessile, flat-
topped in bud. Sepals about h lin. long, ovate, acute, minutely papil-
late. Corolla about 3|- lin. in diam., rotate, 5-lobed to half-way down,
outside minutely tuberculate, dingy green or dull purplish, inside very
minutely papillate, either entirely dull greenish or yellOwish-green,
dotted with purple-brow^n or with the apical part of the lobes entirely
dull purple-brown ; lobes about 1 lin. long and broad, ovate, acute.
Outer corona distinct, cupular, rising to the level of the inner,
obscurely 5-angled, with 5 small minutely apiculate pouches alternating
with the angles, which are opposite the inner coronal-lobes, dark purple-
brown, with the inside of the pouches yellowish, spotted with purple-
brown ; inner coronal-lobes deltoid, acute, obtuse or minutely and
irregularly toothed or bifid at the apex, horizontally incumbent on the
backs of the anthers and not produced beyond them, dark purple-brown
indistinctly mottled with dull yellowish. — K. Schum. iii Engl. Pfi. Ost-
Afr. C. 328, and in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 276, fig. 83, B ;
Berger in Malpighia, 1902, 162, t. 3, tig. 15-16. Virchowia africaiia^
Vatke ex K. Schum. Monatsschr. fiir Kakteenkunde, iii. 101.

Bchidnopsis.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 477

IMEozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usnmbara ; Tanga, cultivated 8i)C'ci-
mcu, Hildehrandt !

Described from a living plant cultivated at Kew.

5. E. somalensis, N. E. Br. Stems cylindric, 4-S in. long. i-J
in. thick, tessellately G-8-angled, dull green, glabrous. Flowers solitary
or 2-3 together, subsessile. Sepals h lin. long, ovate, acute, very
minutely papillate. Corolla rotate-campanulate, about 'H lin. in diam.,
dull purple-brown, variegated with yellow on the lobes, yellow, spotted
with purple-brown on the disk; lobes spreading, It^-lJ lin. long, \\
lin. broad, ovate, acute, minutely tuberculate on the back, covered with
minute conical acute or almost bristle-like papilla on the inner face.
Outer coronal-lobes overtopping the inner corona, J lin. long, very
narrow, linear, obtuse, ascending-incurved, channelled down the inner
face, dark purple-brown, glabrous; inner coronal-lobes about J lin. long,
deltoid-oblong, very obtuse or emarginate, incumbent on the backs of
the anthers and not exceeding them in length, greenish.

irile Iiand. British Somalilaud : without precise locality, cultivated speci-
men, Mrs. Lort- Phillips !

Described from a living plant.

Imperfectly knovm species.

G. E. cylindrica, K. Schum. in Emjl. d- Prantl, Pfanzevfam. iv.
ii. 274. Stems cylindric, as thick as the little finger ; tubercles marked
with a white point. Flowers small, crowded at the ends of the branches,
subsessile. Corolla-lobes ovate-deltoid, subacuminate, yellow, densely
mottled with fuscous (purple-brown ?). Coronal-lobes ovate. Anthers
truncate^ destitute of a membrane. — Apteranthes ajUndrica, Decne. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. 5 ser. xiii. 406.

irile Kand. Abyssinia: Samen ; Xaliia, in the district of Masclula, Schiniper
(ex Decaisne).

I have not seen this plant. Decaisne states that it differs from ApterantJies
tessellata (JE. cereiformis) in its longer branches, which are almost destitute of
areolae, and in the rather larger flowers. It may be the same as E. certiforuiis, var.
brunnea, Berger.

49. CARALLUMA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. ii. 7Si>.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate, broadly cup-shaped or with a
distinct campanulate or subglobose tube, 5-lobed ; lobes varying from
broadly ovate to linear-attenuate, valvate in bud. Coiona double,
arising from the staminal- column ; outer corona .sometimes annular or
cup-shaped, entire, crenulate, denticulate, 5-10-(rarely 20) toothed or
lobulate, adnate to the backs of the inner coronal-lobes at their ba.se
or connected to them by narrow partitions ; sometimes of 5 lobes more
or less adnate by their margins to the sides or backs of the inner
coronal-lobes forming 5 small pouch-like cavities alternating with the
anthers, or spreading, rarely quite free to the base, usually more or less

478 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [^Carolluma.

bifid, sometimes so deeply that the whole corona (inner and outer)
appears to consist of 5 trifid lobes ; inner coronal-lobes incumbent on
the backs of the anthers and not longer than them, or produced into
erect connivent or recurved tips, with or without a dorsal tooth or horn
near or at their base, where they are dorsally connected with the outer
corona. Staminal-column arising from the bottom of the corolla, short ;
anthers horizontally inflexed or ascending, not appendaged. Pollen-
masses horizontal or ascending, solitary in each anther-cell, pellucid
along the inner margin or at the apex, attached to the pollen-carriers
in pairs by short and rather slender caudicles ; pollen-carriers with or
without a wing-like expansion on e^ch side, black or brown. Style not
produced beyond the anthers, truncate at the apex. Follicles narrowly
fusiform, linear-terete or trigonous, smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft
of hairs. — Succulent perennial herbs, branching, leafless. Stems 3-6-
angled, thick and fleshy, obtusely tubercled or acutely toothed along the
angles. Flowers in few or many-flowered fascicles or sessile umbels at
the base, apex, or along the sides of the stems between the angles^
small or of moderate size, pedicellate or subsessile. — Piaranthus, Benth.
et Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. 782, not of R. Br. Boucerosia, W. & A. ;
Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 782.

Species numerous, distributed throughout Africa into the South of Europe, and
through Arabia into India.

The majority of species of Caralluma are easily recognised by their habit and
by the outer corona being cupular or its lobes forming 5 small pouches. A few-
species, however, having the outer coronal- lobes nearly or quite free to the base,
cannot be technically distinguished from Stapelia, but are so very similar in every
other character to species having the typical coron;d -structure of Caralluma that
they cannot be generically separated from them. Yet it appears to me unadvisable
to unite the two genera, since in the majority of cases it is easy to decide to which
genus any given species should belong; but where the coronal-structure is not clearly
that of a typical Caralluma, both genera should be consulted.

The dimensions of the corolla (unless otherwise stated) are given from flowers
that have been swelled by boiling in water, but may not be quite as large as those of
the living flowers.

*Corolla-lobes ^-| in. long, equalling or up to about
twice as long as the basal united part
•j-Flowers numerous, in large globose umbels or fas-
cicles at the apex of the stem or its short lateral
branches.
Sterns 4-5-angled.

Corolla large. If in, in diani., campanulate ;
tube about 9 lin. long and as much in
breadth . . . . . . . 1. C. spedosa.

Corolla ^1^ in. in diam. subrotate, or with
a campanulate tuba l|-4< lin. long.
Corolla without a tuft of long hairs at the tips
of the lobes, ciliate.
Corolla \\ in. in diam., densely covered with

persistent long hairs on the inner face 2. C. hirtijlora.
Corolla ^-| in. in diam , glabrous or thinly
covered with long hairs on the inner
face, which easily fall away from the
dried lowers . . , . .3. C. retrospiciens.

Caraihtma.]

LXXXV. ASCLEPIADE^ (bPOWN),

479

Corolla with a tuft of long hairs at the tips of

the lobes, tuberculate within, otherwise

glabrous

Corolla about 6 lin. in diam., with a cam-

panulate tube about Ik lin. long; outer

corona with 10 subulate teeth

Corolla 4 (-5 ?) lin. in diam., with soircely

any tube ; outer corona nearly truncate .

Corolla minutely velvety -pubescent within,

entirely destitute of long hairs and not

tuberculate ......

Stems acutely 3-angled ; corolla verrucose and
papillose-puberulous within ....

tfFlowers 2-6 in small fascicles, or solitary, scattered
along the upper part of the stem.
Stems tapering and much more slender in the upper
part.
Outer corona with 10 linear-subulate teeth.
Teeth of outer corona 2-2^ lin. long
Teeth of outer corona |-§ lin. long
Outer corona hardly conspicuous (probably re-
duced to sraall pouches) ....

Stems of nearly equ-.il diameter throughout.

Outer corona annular, truncate ; inner covonal-
lobes oblong, scarcely longer than the
anthers .......

Outer corona of 5 short lobes; inner coronal-
lobes linear-terete several times as long
as the anthers ......

** Corolla-lobes |-1^ in. long, more than twice as long
as the basal united part.
CoroUa-lobes ciliate with long clavate vibratile hairs,
(X.B. — These hairs all fall off from specimens
preserved in alcohol and sometimes also from
cb'ied specimen?, and are then only to be found
in unopened buds.)

C. JSdithce.
C. rohusta.

C. so malic a.
C. acutangula.

C. longideruf.
a vittata.

10. C. gracilipes.

11. C. Sprengeri.

12. C. atronanguinea.

Corolla-lobes 1\-1^ in. long.

Out6r coronal-lobes oblong or suhquadrate,

bifid, with short divergent teeth .
Outer coronal-lobes cuneately suhquadrate,
subtrunt ate, denticulate, 3-5-keeled
Corolla-lobes |-f in. long; outer coronal-lobes
oblong-lanceolate or linear-oblong, 2-3-
keeled down the inner face'
Pedicels 15-18 lin. long; outer corona cupular,
truncate .....••
Corolla -lobes |-1 in. long, sparingly ciliate with
minute simple hairs; outer corona 15-2C-
toothed .....•••
Corolla-lobes 1:|-H in. long, not ciliate; outer
coronal-lobes 5, revolute . • • • •

13.

14.

15.

18.

C. caudata.
C. lafpritia.

C. valid a
C. iHaculaia.

16. C. Lvgardi

17. C. huillensis.

1. C. speciosa

N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. ]S!)2, xii. M7(>. Stem

unknown. Flowers large, umbellate ; bracts 1-U lin. long, subulate,

480 Lxxxv. AscLEPiADE^ (brown). [Carcdluma..

sparsely covered with minute thick hairs ; pedicels 2-o lin. long, stout,
glabrous. Sepals about IJ lin. long, lanceolate, acute, with a few
minute thick hairs. Corolla about 1 J in. in diam. ; tube large, cam-
panulate, about |- in. long and broad ; lobes 6-7 lin. long and as much
in breadth, spreading, ovate, acute, ciliate with clavate hairs on the
revolute margins, otherwise the corolla is entirely glabrous. Outer
coronal-lobes spreading, 1-J lin. long, narrowly lanceolate-oblong, bifid
to half-way down ; teeth parallel ; inner coronal-lobes f lin. long,
oblong, obtuse, truncate or emarginate, incumbent on the backs of the
anthers, which are ascending and reach to the top of the truncately
conical apex of the style. — Sarcocodon speciosus, N. E. Br. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xvii. 170, t. 12, fig. 4-8.

irile ]Land. South Somaliland : near Magadoxo, Kirk !

Probably C. codonoides, K. Sclium. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 328, is a synonym
of this species, but the description is insufficient for identification ; it runs as
follows : Stems 10 in. liigli, tetragonal, bearing at the apex a many-flowei-ed umbel
of brownish-black flowers, similnr in form and size to those of Campanula Trache-
lium. Follicles about 4^ in. long, glabrous. Seeds 4J lin. long, 3i lin. broad,
broadly margined, adorned with a tuft of hairs nearly 14 lin. long. It was collected
by Volkens (2382) between Gonja and Kinhiro in Usanibara, German East Africa.

2. C. hirtiflora, iV. E, Br. in Keiv Bulletin, 1895, 264. Stems
not seen, stated on the label to be "very thick, iieshy, square," and the
flowers in a rough sketch are shown to be in large terminal umbels.
Pedicels 1 in. or mor^ long? glabrous. Sepals lj-21in. long, lanceolate-
attenuate, with a few minute hairs on the back. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed
to half-way down, glabrous outside, ciliate and densely covered inside
Mdth long purple persistent hairs ; lobes 3-5 lin. long, 2J-4J lin. broad,
deltoid-ovate, acute. Outer corona arising at the base of the staminal-
column and as long as it, cup-shaped, with 10 subulate teeth 1 lin. long,
and often with a minute tooth between each pair, hairy and more or
less ciliate ; inner coronal-lobes J lin. long, linear, incumbent on the
backs of the anthers and not produced beyond them, dorsally connected
to the outer corona by narrow partitions, glabrous. Staminal-column
2 lin. long ; anthers subquadrate, obtuse, without an appendage, incum-
bent on the truncate apex of the style.

xrile land. Harnish Island, in the Eed Sea, Slade, 20 ! Eritrea : neigh-
bourhood of i^aati, Schtveivfiirth Sf Siva, 519 !

Of this I have seen only a few flowers and. a rough sketch of the plant. It
appears to be similar to C. retrospiciens, N. E. Br., in habit ; the flowers are also
similar but twice as large, and very hairy within. In the specimens collected by
Schweinfurth & Riva (519), the flowers are smaller in the dried state, although
densely covered with persistent hairs as in C. hirtiflora.

3. C. retrospiciens, N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1892, xii. 370.
Stems 1-2-2 ft. high, branched, very stout, acutely 4-angled ; angles
much compressed, about | in. broad, with broad deltoid decurved teeth,
glabrous. Umbels terminal, sessile^ usually several clustered together,
forming a large compound globose umbel 3-4 in. in diam., with a
hundred or more flowers ; pedicels f-l J in. lorg, glabrous. Sepals

Caralluina.] lxxxv. asclefiade.*: (brown). 481

1-2J lin. long, lanceolate-attenuate, with a few minute hairs on tlie
back. Corolla G-8 lin. in diam., rotate, 5-lobed to half-way down,
blackish-purple ; lobes 2^-3 lin. long and the same in breadth, broadly
deltoid-ovate, acute, glabrous on the back, rugulose, sparsely covered
with long purple hairs or sometimes glabrous on the inner face, ciliate
with similar vibratile hairs. Outer corona arising I lin. above theb.-ise
of the staminal-column, cup-shaped, witli 5 pairs of diverging-arcujite
subulate teeth |^-| lin. long, more or le>8 pubescent, purple-biown ;
the two teeth belonging to each of the five united lobes that form t lie
cup rather wide apart at the base, and sometimes with a minute tocth
between them ; inner coronal-lobes linear, obtuse, incumbent on tlie
backs of the anthers and not exceeding them, dorsally ndnate to the
outer corona, purple-brown. Follicles 5-0 in. long, 3-4 lin. thick in
the dried state, apparently subterete, acuminate, erect and suVjpaiallel.
Seeds 5 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, deeply channelled down the fjice, fiom
the broad margins being strongly incurved, smooth, glabrous, brown. —
C. respiciens, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 27 S ;
and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 42. Desjnidorchis retrosjyicieiis^
Ehrenb. in Abhandl. Acad. Berl. 1831, 33. Boucerosia russelicma,
Courbon ex Brongn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1860, vii. 900, and in
Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris, Hi. 437 ; and Courbon in Ann. Sc. Nat. 4
ser. xviii. 143, t. 7 ; Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot. Internaz. 1892, 348.

Nile Iiand. Red Sea : Dalilac Island, Ehrenberg ! Dessi Island, Courbon (e\
Courbon). Nubia: near Kassala, Schweinfurlh, 180! Uaratab Mountain, ne;ir
^xxdikm, Schweinfurth, ISl \ 0-Kurr, Schtceirifurth^ 467! Singat, Schiceinfurfh,
ser. iii. 39! Eritrea : valley of the Torrent I.ava, Penzig (ex Penzig). Abyssinia :
between Sero and Mequedel, Courbon (ex Prongniart), from Tajuia through the
whole country of the Adeile (Adal) as far as Et'at, Roth, 410! Somaliland : Milniil,
Biva, 803, 963, and near Marro Umberto, i2/m, 719, 1164 (ex Schumann); Kor-
bera, Waicott !

\2iV. glabra,^. E. Br. Corolla glabrous within and not ciliate, otherwise as in
the type.

wrile Xiand. British East Africa : Witu, Thomas !

Probably Stapelia congestijlora, Delile in Rochet d'Hericourt, Second Voy. dans
le pays des Adels et le royaume de Choa, 345, should be referred to tliis si>ecic.s. It
is described as ''A clammy plant, with violaceous flowers collected in a ball."
According to Rochet d'Hericourt it is found in several localities in the desert of the
Adel (Adal) country.

4. C. Edithae, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 219. Plant robust,
bushy, succulent, glabrous in all parts except the corolla. Stems
acutely 4- (rarely 5-) angled, 1 in. or more thick ; angles with hi oad
deltoid teeth having horizontal or more or less deflexed indurated
points. Umbels terminal, sessile, globose, about 2J in. in diam.,
(;0-70-flowered ; pedicels 9 lin. long. Sepals 2^-3 Fin. long, linear-
subulate, attenuate to a fine point, strongly revolute at the njiical part.
Corolla about \ in. in expanse, glabrous and smooth oiit.'^ide, tubercu-
late-rugose within, with a tuft of long purple vibratile hairs at the apex
of each lobe, otherwise quite glabrous and not ciliate, dark purple-
brown; tube short, eampanulate, about U-lJ Hn- lo^g^ •' l'"- »ii

482 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (browx). [Caralluma.

diam. outside ; lobes about 2 J lin. long and the same in breadth at
the base, more or less spreading, deltoid-ovate, acute, slightly hooked
at the tips. Outer corona arising from the base of the staminal-
column, glabrous, cup-shaped, with 5 erect lobes J-f lin. long,
deeply bifid, their subulate segments contiguous at their base, then
divergent-arcuate; cupular part of. the corona reaching to the same
level as the top of the staminal-column ; inner coronal-lobes J lin. long,
linear, obtuse, incumbent on the backs of the anthers and not or scarcely
exceeding them, dorsally adnate to the outer corona, glabrous. — K.
Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 42.

Wile £<and. British SomaliLmd, Miss Edith Cole!

Allied to C. rohusta, N. E. Br., and to the Arabian C. penicillata, N. E. Br., but
difPering from both in the corona.

a. C. robusta, :V. E. Br. Stems tall, robust, 1-3 in. square,
acutely 4-angleil, glabrous and apparently glaucous ; angles toothed ;
teeth rather small, 1-2 lin. long, deltoid, horizontally spreading.
Umbels lateral, sessile or on very short (1-3 lin. long) lateral
shoots, scattered along the upper part of the stems, globose, 20-40- or
more- tlowered, f-l^ in. in diam. ; pedicels about 4 lin. long, glabrous.
Sepals 1-1 J lin. long, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute. Corolla about
4 (-5?) lin. in diam., rotate; lobes 1^-2? lin. long, \-^.\ lin. broad,
ovate, acute, tuberculate within, with a tuft of long vibratile purple
hairs at the incurved apex, glabrous outside. Outer corona arising
about \ lin. above the base of the staminal-column and reaching to its
top, cup-shaped, subtruncate, forming 5 pouches alternating with the
anthers, sparsely covered with short spreading hairs all over, outside
and inside ; inner coronal-lobes mJnute, incumbent on the backs of the
anthers and shorter than them, dorsally adnate to the outer corona,
and appearing to be 5 minute inflexed teeth of the latter, glabrous.

Wile Xiand. Er'.trea : Arrot Valley to the south of Aidereso, 4300 ft., Schwein-
furth c^ Riva, 1574 ! and near Acrin-, 6000 It., Schwemfarth Sf Riva, 1762 !

This is very closely allied to the Arabian C. penicillata, N. E. Br., of which I
hive not seen flowering specimens ; but according to the descripiion and figure of
Detiers it differs in having the pouches of the outer corona truncate ami liairy all
over, inside and out, whilst in C. penicillata they are (according to the figure) pro-
duced into a blunt tooth on each siile of the anther and inflexed inner coronal-lobe,
and only ciliate on the margin. In a sketcli made from the living pbint by Sclnvein-
furtli, the corolla is represented as about 5 lin. in diam., but in the dried state they
are only about 3 lin., and after boiling in water do not exceed 4 lin. in diam.

6. C. somalica, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 2G4. Stem
apparently acutely 4-angled, glabrous ; angles slightly toothed.
Flowers very numerous, in a terminal gflobose umbel about 2 in. in
<liam. ; pedicels fi-S lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 1^-2 lin.. long, lanceo-
late-attenuate, with a few minute hairs on the back. Corolla G-7 lin.
in diam. ; tube short, campanulate, enclosing the corona; limb rotate,
o-lobed to half-way down ; lobes 2J lin. lonsr, 2 lin. broad, deltoid-ovate,
acute, quite glabrous outside, with a very minutely velvety surface

Candluma.^ lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). \>*,'d

within, not ciliate. Outer coronal -lobes arising J lin. above the bjiseof
the staminai-column, somewhat spreading, J lin. long, deltoid-oblong,
terminated by two divergent subulate teeth about ^ lin. lon^, which
sometimes have a minute tooth between them, minutely and spai-sely
hairy on the back; inner coronal-lobes about \ lin. long, linear, incum-
bent on the backs of the anthers and not exceeding them. Staminai-
column 1 lin. long; anthers subquadrate, not appendaged. — K. Schum.
in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 42.

irile Xiand. South Somaliland : near Magadoxo, Kirk !

7. C. acutangula, X. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1802. xii. :^G!).
Stems succulent, triangular ; angles acute, very prominent. Umbels
terminal, many-fiowered ; pedicels short. Corolla- lobes smooth outside,
densely verrucose and papillose-puberulous within. Corona not described,
beyond that " the gynostegium is 2U-angular with a few scattered hairs."
— Desinidcnxhis acuiangala, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser. ix. 205.
Bouce7'osia acutangula, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 648.

Upper Guinea. Senegumbia, Perrottet.

I have not seen this species. If a constant character, tlie triuiisnilar stems
readily distinguish it from ail other species hitherto known.

8. C. iougideus, X. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1802, xii. oCI).
Stems erect, branching, glabrous ; branches erect, 5-8 in. long, attenuated
vipwards, 4-angled ; angles slightly toothed ; teeth furnished with fleshy
terete acuminate deciduous leaves 1-3 lin. long. Flowers solitary or
occasionally tw^o together, subaxillary along the upper part of the stem ;
pedicels \ in. long, elongating to \-h in. long when in fruit, glabrous.
Sepals 1-1^ lin. long, ovate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla apparently
of a dark purple-brown colour, entirely glabrous ; tube :>-4 lin. long
and about 2 J-3 lin. in diam., campanuiate ; lobes 2^-8 lin. long, spread-
ing, ovate-lanceolate, acute. Outer corona of 10 linear-subulate teeth
2-2^ lin. long, each pair with divergent-curved tips, much exceeding
the staminai-column ; inner corona of 5 linear-subulate teeth 1 \ lin.
long, incurved over the top of the staminai-column, with their tij>s
closely inrolled in a circinnate manner. Staminai-column about 2 lin.
long ; anthers incumbent on the truncate apex of the style, oblong, with
a short, erect, obtuse appendage.

xrile Xiaiad. Nubia: Wady Laemeb, between Suakin and Berber, Schwein-
furth, 441 !

9. C. vittata, N. E. Br. Plant apparently about (I or s in. high,
branching. Branches 4 angled, glabrous, about 4 lin. thick in the
dried state, much attenuated upwards ; angles slightly toothed ; teeth
bearing minute deciduous fleshy ovate very acuminate leaves i -1 lin.
long. Flowers solitary or 2-4 together, scattered along 2-4 in. of the
very slender terminal part of the branches, erect ; pedicels 2-.'» lin. long,
glabrous. Sepals 1 lin. long, f lin. broad, ovate, acuminate, glabrous.
Corolla-tube about 1 J lin. long and \\-l lin. broad, cam p.uui lute (or
globose-campanulate ?), whitish, longitudinally striped with (lark-)>urple.

484 Lxxxv. ASCLEFiADE^ (brown). [C ccralluma .

glabrous on both sides; lobes spreading (or ascending?), 2 lin. long,
1 lin. broad at the base, elongate-deltoid, acute, dark purple, glabrous,
not ciliate on the reflexed margins. Outer corona of 10 linear-subulate
teeth, ^-J lin. long, ascending, each pair divergent-curved at the tips ;
inner coronal-lobes |-| lin. long, subulate, incumbent on the backs of
the anthers and a little longer than them ; anthers oblong, obtuse, im-
appendaged, incumbent on the truncate apex of the style.

Ifflle Zianda Nubia, Benf !

10. C.^Y2ici\vgeSy K.Schum. inEngl. Pfl, Ost-Afr. (".328. Stems
about 12-15 in. high, o-4 lin. thick in the lower part, gradually taper-
ing and becoming slender in the upper part, 4-angled, minutely and
distantly toothed (probably the teeth bear subulate deciduous leaves) ;
terminal part slender, bearing as many as 15 distant flowers. Pedicels
slender, 3|-4 lin. long. Corolla about 4|^ lin. long, with an inflated
tube. Outer coronal-lobes hardly conspicuous, arising considerably above
the base of the staminal-column ; inner coronal-lobes spathulate.— K.
Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 278.

XVIozamb. Blst. British East Africa : Ukamba ; Kitui, Hildelrandt, 2700.

Only known to me from Dr. Schumann's description, where the stems are said to
be 2|-2f in. long, the apex running out into a peduncle about a foot long, but this is
<^vidently intended to describe the gradual tapering^ of the stems that takes place in
several species. The thickness of the stems is doubtle^ss taken from the dried
specimens and is probably much exceeded in the living state.

11. C. Sprengeri, iV. ^\ Br. in Keio Bulletin, 1895, 263. Stems
up to 5 in. high, branched, 4-angled, about | in. square (including
the teeth), glabrous, green, mottled with purple on darker green ; angles
obtusely rounded, strongly toothed ; teeth 3-6 lin. long, ascending-
spreading, conical, tapering to a fine point. Flowers in fascicles of 5-6
between the angles, near the apex of the branches ; pedicels \ in. long,
stout, glabrous. Sepals about J in. long, attenuate-deltoid, acuminate,
glabrous. Corolla rotate about J in. in diam., purple, glabrous on the
back, minutely and densely pubescent on the inner face ; disk with a
slightly raised rim around the mouth of the very shallow depression in
which the corona is contained and contiguous to the latter ; lobes 4-5
lin. long, 2^-2| lin. broad at the base, ovate, acuminate, flat. Outer
corona arising from the | lin. long staminal-column and as long as it,
annular, truncate and rather thick and fleshy at the rim, reddish ;
inner coronal-lobes oblong, obtuse or denticulate at the apex, dorsally
attached at the base to the outer corona, ascending above the level
of the latter, incumbent on the backs of the anthers and equalling or
slightly longer than them, reddish. Anthers subquadrate, not appen-
daged, incumbent on the sloping sides of the truncate style. — Haeruia
Sprenyeri, Schweinf. ex Dammann, Cat. 1893, 46; Weiner 111. Gartenzeit.
1893, 142, fig. 30; K. Schum. Monatsschr. fiir Kakteenkunde, iii. 74,
104; Gartenfl. 1897, 274, fig. 35.

Caralluma.] lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). 485

irile Xiand. FA-itvesi, cultivafed specimens ! Abyssinia: Adow &, Petit !

Chiefly described from the living plant, introduced into cultivation by Dani-
uifinn & Co. of Naples. I originally described the colour of the corolla as olivaceous,
but the colour had faded in transit. See a note under C. Ango, N. E. Hr.

12. C. atrosanguinea, N. E, Br. Stems 2-8 in. long, 5-0 lin.
thick, 4-angIed, Cf^spitose, branching and decumbent at the base, grey-
ish-green, marbled with brownish-purple, glabrous ; angles obtuse,
toothed ; teeth 1-J-o lin. long, stout, conical, tipped with a subulate
acute quickly withering leaf-rudiment, having 2 minute teeth at its
base. Flowers in fascicles of 2-3 at about the middle of the younger
stems, developing successively; bracts lJ-2 lin. long, subulate ; pedicels
2J-3 lin. long, stout, glabrous. Sepals 4^ lin. long, 1 lin. broad, lanceo-
late, acuminate, spreading. Corolla about 1| in. in diam., outside
quite glabrous, greyish-green, mottled with purplish ; inside rich deep
blackish-crimson, without spots or markings; tube Z\ lin. long, about
7 lin. in diam. outside, campanulate ; lobes §-| in. long, \ in. broad,
ovate, very acute, tipped with a short mucro, very spreading, slightly
recurved along the margins, excavated at the mouth of the tube oppo-
site the lobes of the outer corona, very slightly rugulose and very
minutely papillate on the inner face. Outer coronal-lobes arising \ lin.
above the base of the staminal-column, horizontally spreading, firm,
rather fleshy, about 1 lin. long and broad, deltoid-ovate, longitudinally
folded, forming a channel in which nectar is secreted, bifid at the obtuse
apex, dull orange-yellow, reddish in the channel ; inner coronal-lobes 5
lin. long, linear-terete, obtuse, much exceeding and incumbent on the
anthers at the base, then divergent, ochreous at the base passing into
pale sienna above, whitish at the tips. — Stapelia atrosanguinea^ N. E.
Br. in Gard. Chron. 1901, xxx. 425.

nxozamb. Dist. Bechuanaland : northern Kalahari Desert, 3000 ft., Lugard,
263 ! and cultivated specimens !

Described from a living plant sent to Kew by Captain Lugard in February 1899.
When out of flower the plant much resembles Huerniopsis decipiens, N. E. Br.

I originally placed this remarkable plant in the genus Stapelia, but after iny
present revision of the genera of this group, I believe it to be better placed in
Caralluma, on account of its habit, very distinct corolla-tube, and peculiar channelled
outer coronal-lobes.

13. C. caudata, ^V". E. Br. Stems (only one piece seen, 3 in. long,
\ in. thick, excluding the teeth), erect, glabrous, 4-angle(l ; angles
rounded, toothed ; teeth about 5 lin. long, rather distant, straight,
spine-like. Flowers several, in sessile umbel-like fascicles near the
base of the young stems; bracts very small, about 1 lin. long, acute;
pedicels J in. long, 1 lin. thick, glabrous, erect. Sepals 3 lin. long, 3-5J
lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla in bud 1 \ in. long,
pentagonal, tapering into a long acuminate slightly twisted point ; very
deeply 5-lobed when expanded, yellow, mottled with purple ; united
part 2^-3 lin. long, somewhat saucer-shaped, minutely papillate within ;
lobes 1 |-1-J.in. long, 3i lin. broad at the ovate base, thence gradually

48C Lxxxv. AscLEPiADE^. (brown). [Carolluma.

tapering into long narrow tails, spreading, glabrous on both sides,
sparingly ciliate with long vibratile clavate pur^-lo hairs. Outer
coronal-lobes | lin. long, shortly united at the base, spreading, subquad-
rate, bifid, with short divergent teeth at the apex, or sometimes nearly
truncate, with the teeth horizontally spreading and somewhat resemb-
ling the letter T ; inner coronal-lobes f-1 lin. long, linear, obtuse,
incumbent on the backs of the anthers and not exceeding them, adnate
at the base to the outer corona.

AfXozamb. Blst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Namasi, Cameron, 25!

14. C, lateritia, N. E. Br. Stems not seen, "grows to D in.
high " (Lu(jard). Pedicels about | in. long, about 1^- lin. thick, glabrous.
Sepals 2^?} lin. long, |-1 lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous.
Corolla .^>-o^ in. in diam., rotate, very deeply 5-lobed, glabrous on both
sides, finely papiilate-rugulose on the inner face, ciliate with long
vibratile clavate purple hairs to the tips of the lobes, " brick-red "
(Lugard) ; lobes 1 J in. long, 5 lin. broad at the base, thence gradually
tapering to an acute apex. Outer coronal-lobes with their margins
slightly adnate at the base to the base of the inner coronal-lobes, Ij^^i
lin. long, ]§ lin. broad, cuneately subquadrate, irregularly denticulate
at the subtruncate recurved apex, and with 5 closely placed ridges or
keels on the middle of the upper side, glabrous, apparently brick-red,
with a broad yellow stripe down the middle ; inner coronal-lobes If lin.
long, unequally 2-horned, glabrous, brick-red ; inner horn 1-1:^
lin. long, erect, subulate ; outer horn J-| lin. long, erect, subulate.

XVSozamb. Sist. Beclmanaland : Northern Kalaiiari ; on tlie Botletle Flats,
near Tame's and Rakop's Village-:, at about 3000 ft., Lugard, 307 !

This is exceedingly like the S. African C lutea, N. E. Br., but its flowers are
very much larger and different in colour. Captain Lugard notes on his label that it
is " foul scented."

15. C. valida, N. E. Br. in Kew Bidletm, 1895, 264. Stems
glabrous, 4 in. or more high, 7-10 lin. thick, not including the teeth,
probably 4-angled ; angles with very stout conical acute spreading
teeth h-^ in. long and J in. thick at the base. Pedicels 4-5 lin. long,
glabrous. Sepals 8J lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, recurving
at the tips, glabrous. Corolla very deeply 5-lobed ; lobes 8-9 lin. long,
2J lin. broad at the base, gradually tapering in a nearly straight line
to an acute apex, rugose on the face, ciliate with long clavate vibratile
purple hairs, otherwise glabrous, apparently dark brown-purple. Outer
coronal-lobes 1^ lin. long, shortly adnate at the base to the sides of the
inner coronal-lobes, oblong lanceolate and acute, with a small blunt
tooth on each side, or linear-oblong and subtruncate, 2-3-keeled down
the inner face ; beneath them on the very short staminal-column are 5
small tubercles ; inner coronal-lobes 1^ lin. long, connivent-erect, flat,
broadly linear, rather deeply bifid at the apex, with the tips apparently
recurving, crested at the base.

Locality uncertain, collected by Dr. Holuh either in the Zambesi region or in the
Transvaal.

CaraUMTiia.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 4^7

The specimen consists of one piece of stem and several detaclicd Howors. but pro-
bably the latter are produced in large umbels near tlie base of the young stems, as in
C. lutea, N. E. lir., which seems to be its nenrest ally. The flowers are ])resst-d out
flat, but when alive they probably have a sliort campanulate or funnel-shaped lube
j-j as long as the lobes.

16. C. Lugardi, N. E. Br. Plant 2J-3 in. high, branching at the
base. Stems 8i— 5 lin. thick, obtusely 4-angled, glabrous ; angles with
spreading stout subulate acute teeth l^— 2^ lin. long. Flowers in
fascicles of 3-7, lateral below the apex of the stems, developing
successively; bra,cts \-\ lin. long, broadly ovate, acute; pedicels lA-->
lin. long, I lin. thick, glabrous. Sepals '2-2\ lin. long, ^-§ lin. broad,
Itnceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla 1^-1 J in. in diam., very
deeply 5-lobed, glabrous outside, very minutely puberulous within and
sparingly ciliate with minute simple hairs, entirely bright chocolate, or
the apical part of the lobes olive-green ; tube '2\-6 lin. long, campanu-
late; lobes |-1 in. long, lJ-2 lin. broad at the base, linear-attenuate,
acute, campanulately spreading. Outer corona 1 5-20-toothed, glabi ous ;
basal part \ lin. long, cup-shaped, with 5 pairs of elongated-deltoid
acute divergent blackish-purple teeth | lin. long, alternating with the
anthers, and 5 pairs of smaller teeth or 5 oblong entire or bifid lobes
(often with a very minute middle tooth), opposite to and forming a
dorsal projection from the inner coronal-lobes, \ lin. long, dull purplish ;
inner coronal-lobes 2 lin. long, subulate, conni vent-erect, glabrous, dull
orange.

nSozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Ngamiland ; Totin near Lake
Ngami, Lugard, 74 !

17. C. huillensis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 697. Plant
broadly tufted. Stems ascending, 2-8 in. long, thick, club-shaped,
4-angled, softly but obsoletely pubescent; angles with stout teeth,
straight or slightly decurved at the tips. Flowers in clusters of 6-l(>
at or near the apex of the stems ; pedicels f-1 in. long, rather stout,
glabrous ; bracts about 2 lin. long, lanceolate-subulate, glabrous. Sepals
rather more than \ in. long, lanceolate-subulate, glabrous. Corolla
dusky red, thinly or obsoletely pubescent outside, nearly glabrous and
rugulose on the inner face, deeply 5-lobed ; tube about J in. long,
sub-hemispherical ; lobes IJ-lJ in. long in their dried state, lanceolate-
linear. Outer coronal-lobes short, very obtuse, excised, revolute ; inner
coronal-lobes about J lin. long, stoutly subulate.

3^ower Guinea. Angola : Huilla, Welwiisch, 4266.

18. C. maculata, N. E. Br. Stems not seen, " 3-4 in. high '*
(Lugard). Cymes very short, raceme-like, sessile, progressively several -
Howered; pedicels IJ-lJ in. long, J lin. thick, erect, glabrous. Sepals
21-3 lin. long, |-1 lin. broad, lanceolate, tapering into a long acuminate
point, glabrous. Corolla about Ij in. in diam., deeply iVlobed,
yellowish-green, marked with small dnrk claret-coloured spots from the
tips of the lobes to the bottom of the tube, glabrous on both sides, net
rugose, ciliate for J the way along the lobes with long vibratile clavaie

488 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). [Caralluma.

white hairs ; tube very short, apparently about 1 J lin. deep and \ in.
in diam. ; lobes very spreading, about f in. long and J lin. broad,
narrowly oblong or somewhat spathulate-oblong, acute, reflexed along
the margins. Outer corona cupular, circular in outline, truncate,
glabrous ; inuer coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, incumbent on the backs of
the anthers, rhomboid, acute, dorsally and rather broadly adnate to the
outer corona almost up to its margin.

IWozamb. Dlst. Bechuanaland : near T'Klakane Pits in the northern Kala-
hari Desert, 3000 It., Lugarcl, 297 ! "

Imperfectly known species,

19. C. Ango, N. E Br. in Gard, Chron. 1892, xii. 369. Stems
a span high, erect, branched, 3-4-angled, glabrous; angles stoutly
toothed ; teeth acute, usually ascending. Flowers arising from the
upper part of the branches, shortly pedicellate. Sepals oblong-lance-
olate, acute, glabrous. Corolla scarcely 1 in. in diam., deeply 5-lobed ;
lobes ovate-oblong, acute, green on the back blackish-purple within. —
^tapelia Ango, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 50 ; Walp. Ann. iii. 69 ;
Martelli, Florul. Bogos. 56.

N'lle Xiand. Eritrea : Deban Mountain, near Keren, 4500-5000 ft., Beccari,
188 (ex Martelli). Abyssinia: province of Shireh, Quartin Dillon.

1 have not seen this plant and I am informed that there is no specimen of it in
Rich ird's herbarium. I doubt if Beccari's plant is the same as that collected by
Quartin Dillon. There is a specimen named S. Ango, in the Museum d'Histoire
Naturelle, Paris, collected at Dschadscha (Jaja), 4000 ft. elevation, by Schimper
(1289); of this I have only seen a drawing, which appears to me to represent the
plant I have described as C. Sprengeri. Possibly C. Sprengeri may prove to be
synonymous with C. Ango, but as many species of this group are much alike in
general appearance, and this native name Ango is aj)plied to several distinct species,
it appears to me best to consider them as distinct.

20. C. decaisneana, N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1892, xii. 369.
Stems erect, cylindric, 4-ribbed rather than tetragonal (elongate, weak,
4-angled, ex Decaisne), whitish-green speckled with red ; ribs rounded,
very prominent (angles acutely toothed, ex Decais7ie). Flowers small
(few, congested at the apex of the stems, ex Decaisne); lobes elongated-
triangular (ovate, ex Decaisne)^ spreading like a star, reddish-brown,
powdered with very minute whitish papillte. — Boucerosia decaisneanM,
Lemaire, Herb. Gen. Amat. 2 ser. iv. t. 21, Horticult. Universel, v. 99
with fig. and PI. Grasses autres que les Cact. 28 ; Decne. in DC. Prod,
viii. 648.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, ex Lemaire.

I have not seen this plant, nor Lemaire's figure of it.

21. C. adscendens, R. Br. (an Indian species), is quoted by
Terracciano in Ann. Istit. 13ot. Roma, 1894, v. 105, as growing on
Mandola Island in the Red Sea, but no description is given of the
plant, and I altogether doubt the identification.

I

(Jaralluma.'] Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (FmowN). 489

22. C. subulata, Decne. (an Arabian sppci^s), is quoted by K.
Schumann in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 48, as liaving been collected in
Somaliland, at Milmil, on hill sides near the river, Riva ;^, and in
Ogaden district, Riva 44, but I doubt the correctness of the identifi-
cation.

50. TRICHOCAUIiON, N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 1G4.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate or with a very short tube, 5-lobed
to half-way down ; lobes valvate in bud. Corona double, arising from
the staminal-column ; outer corona of 5 deeply bifid or bipartite lobes,
with subulate divergent-arcuate segments, or somewhat cup-shajxid,
with 5 short emarginate or shortly bifid lobes; inner coronal-lobes
linear, incumbent on the backs of the anthers, with or without a dorsal
tooth-like process at their base, which is adnate to the outer corona.
Staminal-column arising from the bottom of the corolla, short ; anthers
suberect, linear-oblong, not appendaged. Pollen-masses ascending,
solitary in each anther-cell, pellucid along the inner margin, attached
in pairs to the pollen-carriers by very short caudicles. Style not
exceeding the anthers, truncate at the apex. — Succulent" perennials of
dwarf habit. Stems simple or branched at the base, leafless, thick,
fleshy, many-angled ; angles formed of crowded tubercles, which are
terminated by a spine or rarely very blunt and pointless. Flowers
rather small, arising from the angles between the tubercles towards the
summits of the stems, subsoUtary, pedicellate.

Species 6, four of them natives of South Afi'ica.

Pedicels 1 lin. long ; corolla-lobes deltoid-ovate • l. T. officinale.
Pedicels 2-2^ liii. long; corolla-lobes lanceolate or

ovate-lanceolate . . . . . . 2. T. pedicellatum.

1. T. officinale, X. E. Br. in Keio Bulletin, 1^05, 2lU. Stems
thick and fleshy, probably about Ij in. in diam., with many tuberculate
angles ; tubercles terminated by a subulate spine. Flowers arising
from the grooves between the angles, subsolitary, or perhaps one flower
following another ; pedicels 1 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals about \\ lin.
long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla rotate-campanulate,
about 5 lin. in diam., flat, without a tube ; lobes 2-2J lin. long, 2 lin.
broad, deltoid-ovate, rather abruptly acuminate into a fine point, more
or less spreading, dark purple-brown, glabrous outside, minutely papil-
late within, many (all ?) of the papillae terminated by a minute haii-.
Outer coronal-lobes about h Hn. long and J lin. broad, arising close to
the base of the staminal-column, forming small emarginate jx)uches
alternating with the anthers, glabrous ; inner coronal-lobes linejir-
oblong, obtuse, shorter than the anthers on which they are incumbent,
dorsally adnate to the outer corona, glabrous.

IVEozamI). I>lst. Bechuanaland : without i)recise locality !

I include this among the Tropical African species, akhouj^h it is uncertain if it
comes from the tropical or extratropical jiai-t of Bochuanahmd. All I know

490 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (buown). [Triohocaulon.

of it is, that dried slices of the stem were imported into Am-erica as a remedy
for piles ; some of the slices (which have flowers attached to them) were presented
to Kew by Mr. E. M. Holmes of the Pharmaceutical Society, and from them I
have made the above description.

2. T« pedicellatiim, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Bra7idenh.
XXX. 2(10. Stems dwarf, glabrous, cylindric, as thick as the thumb,
many-angled ; angles tubercled, each tubercle terminated by a bristle
1-lJ lin. long. Flower-fascicles 1-4-flowered ; pedicels 2-2J lin. long,
glabrous. Sepa.ls |-1 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla
about 4-5 lin. in diam., rotate ; tube small, J lin. long ; lobes very
spreading, 2 lin. long, 1-1 J lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous,
papillate within, dark purple-brown. Outer coronal-lobes arising from
the middle of the -i- lin. long staminal-column and slightly overtopping
it, bifid, purple-brown, glabrous; teeth of the lobes \ lin. long; inner
coronal-lobes i lin. long, linear, obtuse, incumbent on the backs of the
anthers and longer than them, dorsally adnate to the lobes of the outer
corona, purple-brown, gla.brous. Anthers incumbent on the top of the
style, which is truncate, depressed and covered by the inner coronal-
lobes. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 275.

ZsO'wer Guinea. German South-west Africa: west Hereroland ; probably
from the neighbourhood of Hope Mine, Stapff!

I have only seen flowers and a small fr^igment of the stem about 1 in. long,
which 1 l)elieve to have been much larger than described.

51. HOODIA, Sweet: Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 783.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube very small, enclosing the corona;
limb large, flat, concave, or cup-shaped, obsoletely or but slightly
5-lobed ; lobes abruptly terminated by a subulate point. Corona double,
arising from the staminal-column ; outer corona of 5 concave spreading
lobes, emarginate or bifid at the apex ; inner corona of 5 linear lobes
incumbent on the backs of the anthers, dorsally connected to the outer
corona by 5 short partitions. Staminal-column arising from near the
base of the small corolla-tube ; anthers incumbent on the top of the
style, subquadrate , not appendaged. Style not produced beyond the
anthers, truncate at the apex. Follicles elongate, divaricate, smooth. —
Stout succulent perennials, with cylindric, many-angled stems ; angles
spine-toothed. Flowers large and showy, in small clusters of 2-5 or
sometimes solitary, arising from the grooves between the angles of the
stem towards the top. — Dyer in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 248. Mono-
thylaceum^ G. Don, Gen, Syst. iv. 116. Scytanihus, Hook. Ic. PI. t.
605-606.

Species 6, three of which are natives of South Africa.
Corolla 3^,-5 in. in diam., pilose with hairs 1-2 lin.

long within . . . . . . . \, S. Currori.

Corolla about 2i in. in diam., pilose with hairs 5-I lin.

long within . . . . . . . 2. jBT. Lugardi.

Corolla about 1^ in. in diam., pubescent with bail's

^-j lin. long within . . , . . 3. if. parviflora.

Hoodia.] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 41»1

1. H. Currori, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. 0G5. Stems \h-2 tt.
high, 2-2h in. thick, cylindric, many-angled ; angles sharply "spiiie-
toothed. Pedicels 0-8 Hn. long, glabrous. Sepals \ in. long, lanceolate^
acuminate, glabrous. Corolla 3^-5 in. in diam., concave-rotate, slightly
4-5-lobed, glabrous outside, covered with hairs 1-2 lin. long within ;
lobes -i-4i times as broad as long, very obtuse, abruptly contracted
into a subulate point | in. long ; outer corona a shortly 5-lobed cup,
glabrous ; lobes bifid ; inner coronal -lobes linear, obtuse, incumbent on
the backs of the anthers and not exceeding them, dorsally adnate to
the outer corona, glabrous. Follicles 8-10 in. long, divaricate, terete,
acuminate. — Hook. Niger Flora, 458 ; Dyer in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv.
251, t. 5, fig. 2 ; Lemaire, PI. Grasses autres que lesCact. 07 ; N. E. Br. in
Hook. Ic. PI. XX. sub 1. 1905, p. 3; K. Schum. in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. iv. ii. 275. Scytanthus Currori, Hook. Ic. PI. vii. tt. 0O5, OnO ;
S. Burkei, Hook. Ic. PI. sub t. 025. iS. sp., J. C. Brown in Gard. Chron.
1873, 570, fig. 110. Adenium namaquariivm, Henslow in The Gardener,
1901,1194, tig. 10.

Ziower Cruinea. Angola: Elepiiant Hay, Curror ! Beiigueln, Monteiro !
German South-west Africa : Damafaland; Oiyimbingwe, Palgrave !

Probably to this siJecies should be referred the plant quoted as H. Gorcioni,
Sw., in Engl. Jahrb. x. 244, and xix. 148 from Hereroland ; near 8alcm {Marloth,
1453), and at Soris-Soris {Giirich, 58).

2. H. IiUgardi, N. E. Br. Stems not seen, "erect, to 2i ft.
high, thorny " {Luyard). Pedicels \-\ in. long in the specimens seen,
stout, glabrous. Sepals 2^-2| lin. long, IJ-lJ lin. broad, ovate,
acuminate, glabrous. Corolla about 2^ in. in diam., *' brick-red "
(Lucjard), concave-rotate, obsoletely 5-lobed, each lobe very abruptly
terminated by a subulate point 4-5 lin. long, glabrous outside, thinly
covered with hairs ^-1 lin. long within, each hair arising from a
minute tubercle and probably erect. Outer corona shortly cupul.ir,
5-lobed ; lobes obtusely and deeply bifid, dark purple-brown or blacki.-h,
glabrous ; inner coronai-lobes ^ lin. long, linear-oblong, obtuse,
incumbent on the backs of the anthers, dark purple-brown or blackish,
glabrous.

Mozamb. I>ist. Bechuanaland : Cluikutsa Salt Pan in the Kalahari Desi-rt,
2300 ft., Liigard, 303 !

3. H. parviflora, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 205. Stems
similar to those of H. Currori. Pedicels 1-2 lin. long, stout, glabrous.
Sepals 2 J lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla
about \\ in. in diam., probably concave or cup-shaped, pentagonal or
very slightly 5-lobed, glabrous outside, pubescent with haii-s \-\ lin.
long within ; lobes or angles tipped by a subulate point 1 lin. l«uig.
Corona glabrous; outer lobes i lin. long, concave, bifid to half-way
down ; inner lobes linear, obtuse, incumbent on the backs of the antliei-s
and shorter than them, dorsally connected with the outer corona by a
short partition. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 097.

402 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Hoodia.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Jlossamedes ; among elevated rocks near Pomaii-
gala, 1500 ft., dry places in front of Quitibe de Baixo, and at Cavalheiros, TFelivitsch,
4265 !

52. EDITHCOLEA, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 220.

Calyx 5 -partite. Corolla large, rotate or saucer-shaped, 5-lobed
half-way to the centre; tube hemispherical, exceedingly small in
proportion to the limb ; lobes valvate in bud. Corona small, double,
arising from the staminal-column ; outer corona of 5 short ascending
or soniewhat pouch-like lobes, alternating with the anthers, with their
margins shortly adnate to the inner coronal-lobes ; inner corona of 5
erect fleshy lobes, dilated at the apical part and inflexed over the
anthers, with contiguous margins, densely echinulate or tuberculate
on the back. Staminal-column arising near the bottom of the
corolla- tube very small ; anthers erect or slightly incurved at the
tips, oblong, unappendaged. Pollen-masses erect, compressed elongate-
ovoid, pellucid at the apex, solitary in each anther-cell, large in
proportion to the corona, attached in pairs to the blackish pollen-
carriers by very short broad caudicles. Style not exceeding the
anthers, somewhat compressed-truncate at the apex, something like
the roof of a house, with the two angles very shortly produced or
bicorniculate. Follicles not seen. — Succulent perennial leafless herbs,
more or less branched ; branches fleshy, spine-toothed at the angles.
Flowers from near the apex of the branches, pedicellate, very large.

Species 2, the other endemic in Socotra.

1. E. grandis, X. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1805, 220. Stems
succulent, " growing to about a foot in height and 1 in. or more in
diam., decumbent at the base " {Miss Edith Cole), 5-angled, glabrous ;
angles armed with hard brown very acute spine-like teeth. Flowers
sul)solitary at the tips of the branches; pedicels 7-9 lin. long,
I4-IJ lin. thick, glabrous. Sepals 4 lin. long, 1-1 J lin. broad,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, probably recurved at the somew^hat
indurated pungent tips. Corolla -4-5 in. or perhaps more in diam.,
5-lobed half-way to the centre, rotate or saucer-shaped, glabrous on the
back; tube about J in. ia di>im. and lJ-2 lin. deep, with a slightly
elevated acute rim around its mouth, glabrous; disk rugose with
concentric ridges and furnished with 5 lines of long clavate purple
hairs radiating from the centre to the sinuses, otherwise glabrous,
apparently whitish or pale yellowish marked with dark purple-brown
spots, which, at the middle (or base ?) of each lobe are confluent in an
arc; lobes lJ-2 in. long, 1-1^ in. broad, ovate, acute, bordered with
long clavate purple hairs to about themiddle, where the borders incurve
and form a broad hairy arc across each of the lobes, which are other-
wise glabrous, and from the inner margin of the hairy arc to the apex
are dark purple-brown without markings. Outer coronal-lobes \-\
lin. long, subquadrate or transversely oblong, acutely bifid, with a broad
shallow sinus between the points, concave and hairy within ; inner

i

EditJicolea.'] lxxxv. AscLEriADE.t: (hrown). 49,^

coronal-lobes f-1 lin. long, erect, fleshy, gibbous at the base, broadly
linear at the middle, triangularly dilated at the tips, which are inflexed
over the anthers, with contiguous margins and minutely echinulate on
the back, keeled on the inner face, glabrous. Pollen -masses nearly \
lin. long. Pollen-carrier narrow, rather more than lialf as long as the
pollen-masses. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr.
zum ii.-iv. 288, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 43.

Wile Iiand. Somaliland : Hcnwcinii Valley, about 3000 ft,. Miss Edith Cole I
Mrs. Lort-PhilUps ! in rocky places by the Kiva Dausr, Riva, 1100, and without
precise locality, Rohecchi-Bricchelti, 318 (ex Schumaym).

This is one of the handsomest and most distinct of all the Stapelioid groiii).
The dimensions of the corolla are taken from the dried flower, and are probably
exceeded when alive.

5o. TAVARESIA, Welw. in Bol. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. 1854

No. 7, 79.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla large, tubular-funnel-shaped, 0-lobed ; lobes
valvate in bud, the sinuses between them forming acute projecting
angles. Corona double, arising from the staminal-column ; outer corona
shortly tubular at the base, then divided into 10 long filiform segments,
each terminated by a knob, and usually with a minute tooth between
the pair of segments that alternate with the anthers ; inner corona of .J
narrow lobes, incumbent on the backs of the anthers and dorsally con-
nected with the basal part of the outer corona by short partitions. ♦Stami-
nal-column arising from the base of the corolla ; anthers ovate-oblong,
without appendages, incumbent on the top of the style. Pollen-masses
solitary in each anther-cell, horizontal, rather large, compressed, pellucid
margined on one side, attached in pairs by short caudicles to subulate
lateral processes from the pollen-carriers. Style not exceeding the
anthers, flat and pentagonal at the apex. Follicles not seen. Seeds
rather small, crowned with a tuft of hairs. — Succulent leafless perennials,
branching at the base ; stems G-12-angled; angles tuberculate-toothed,
each tubercle furnished with three bristles. Flowers large and showy,
in sessile cymes at the base of the young stems. — Decabelone, Decne. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. 5 ser. xiii. 404 ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 784.

Species 2, one endemic, the other also in South Africa. The flowers vary very
much in size in both species, even on the same plant under different conditions.
Stems 6-8-angled; lateral bristles of the tubercles

upcurved . . . . . . . \. T. atu/ultnsis.

Stems 10-12-angled ; lateral bristles of the tubercles

deflexed 2. T. Barklyi.

1. T. angolensis, Welw. in Bol. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. 1S.'»4,
yo. 7, 70. Glabrous in all parts. Stems 2^-5 in. high, fleshy, leafless,
G- (rarely 8-) angled ; angles with conical tubercles H-^ Hn. long, tt'i-
minated by three whitish bristles; central bristle horizontiil, two lateral
much shorter and curved upwards. Cymes sessile, few- flowered ;
pedicels I in. long. Sepals 3^-4 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate.

494 Lxxxv. ASCLEPIADE.E (brown). [Tavaresict.

Corolla smooth (or minutely and sparsely scabrid-tuberculate) outside,
densely papillate within, pale yellowish, spotted inside and out with
purple red ; tube li- 3 in. long, 1-2 in. in diam. ; lobes |-J in. long,
spreading, deltoid, acute. Outer corona 7--9 lin. long, shortly tubular
at the base, divided into 10 filiform segments, ending in pendulous pear-
shaped orange-brown knobs, the other parts similar in colour to the
•corona of D. Barklyi ; inner coronal-lobes about f lin. long, linear-
attenuate, incumbent on the backs of the anthers and scarcely longer
than them, dorsally connected to the outer corona by short partitions,
dark purple-brown. Follicles not seen. Seeds 2-2J lin. long, IJ lin.
broad, ovate, plano-convex, with abroad thick border, glabrous, smooth,
light larown. — Welw. in Bol. e Ann. Cons. Ultramar. 1856, No. 24, 252 ;
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 697. Huernia Tavaresii, Welw. in Bol.
e Ann. Cons. Ultramar. 1856, No. 24, 252. Decabelnne elegans, Decne.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. 5 ser. xiii. 404, t. 2; Bot. Mag. t. 6115; Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 275, 276, fig. 88, C-D. D. yrandifluray K.
Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 276. Stapelia digitaliflora,
Pfersd. ex Decne. in Ann. Sc, Nat. 5 ser. xiii. 405.

laO'weT Guinea. Angola : Loanda ; near Loanda, near Alto das Cruzes and
Forte de Penedo, Welwitsch, ^2^2 \ Amhrxz, Monteiro / and culHvated specimens !

2. T. Barklyi, X. E. Br. Glabrous in all parts. Stems 3-4 in. high,
8-1) lin. thick', fleshy, leafless, cylindrical, 10-12-angled ; angles with
very short closely set tubercles, each terminated by 'd white bristles ;
central bristle horizontal, two lateral rather shorter, deflexed and
diverging from each other at nearly a right angle. Cymes sessile, few-
flowered ; pedicels 4-6 lin. long. Sepals 3-3J lin. long, lanceolate,
acuminate. Corolla smooth, pale greenish or greenish-white, spotted
with purple-red outside ; inside densely papillate, pale yellowish, covered
with small purple-red spots, except at the base, which is entirely purple-
red ; tube l|-2 in. long, about 1 in. in diam. a,t the mouth ; lobes ^-| in.
long, deltoid, acuminate, spreading. Outer corona 5 lin. long, shortly
tubular at the base, divided into 10 filiform segments terminating in
pt-iidulous globose knobs, the filiform parts and knobs purple-brown,
the lower part white, with the margins, some stripes alternating with
each pair of filaments and a few linear spots or stripes all dark purple-
brown ; inner coronal-lobes f lin. long, linear, dorsally connected by
short partitions to the outer corona, incumbent on the backs of the
anthers, which they slightly exceed, purple-brown. — Decabelone Barklyi,
Dyer in Bot. Mag. t. 6203; and in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 249-250, t. 5,
fig. 4 ; N. E. Br. in Hook. Ic. PI. xx. sub t. 1905, p. 3 ; K. Schum. in
Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 275 ; Card. Chron. 1900. xxvii.
210, fig. 67.

laovrer Gninea. German South-west Africa : Hereroland ; Gobabis, Schinz,
150!

Also in South Africa.

In the dried state, the flowers of this species can only be distinguished from
those of T. angolensis, Welw., by the knob at the ends of the outer coronal-
segments being globose instead of pear- shaped.

Huernia.'] lxxxv. asclepiade^ (brown). 405

54. HUEKNIA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 7«4.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla campanulate or broadly cup-shaped, or
with a campanulate tube and spreading lobes, 5-C-lobed, with the base
of the sinuses between the lobes produced into small triangular teeth
valvate in bud. Corona double; outer corona of 5 free or connate
spreading lobes, arising at the base of the staminal-column and sessile
on, or adnate to, the base of the corolla ; inner corona of 5 simple
lobes arising at the top of the filament part of the stamnial-column,
incumbent on the backs of the anthers and often produced beyond them
into erect horns. Staminal-column arising from the bottom of the
corolla; anthers inflexed -ascending or sub-horizontal, not appendaged.
Pollen-masses inflexed-asceuding or sub-horizontal, pellucid along the
upper part of the inner margin, solitary in each anther-cell, attached
in pairs to the pollen-carriers by short caudicles ; pollen-ciirriers with a
wing-like expansion on each side, varying from dark reddish-brown to
black. Follicles narrowly fusiform, smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft
of hairs. — Succulent perennial leafless 'herbs, branching at the base.
Stems 4-G-angled, thick and fleshy, toothed along the angles. Flowers
pedicellate, of moderate size, in few- or many-flowered cymes at the base
of the young shoots.

Species sever.il, mostly natives of South Africa, 1 in Arabia.

Corolla campanulate without a recurved limb between
the tube and lobes.
Stems with very small teeth about ^ lin. long.

Corolla smootli outside . . . . . 1, H. similis.

Corolla very rough with small pointed papillae out-
side . . . . . . . . 2. H. aspera.

Stems with stout conical-subulate teeth 2-5 lin. long.
Corolla rough with minute papillae outside and
inside, indistuict in the dried state in H.
JPenzigii.
Corolla white at tlie base within ; inner coronal-
lobes pubei"ulous . . . . . ^. H. oculata.

Corolla entirely blackish-purple within; inner

coronal-lobes glabrous . . . . 4-. H. Fenzi>/ii.

Corolla smooth outside, covered with small bristle-
like processes inside . . . . . o. H. coucinna.

Corolla with a recurved or convex limb between the tube
and lobes ; stem with stout conical teeth 3-3| lin.
long . . . . . . . . . €). H. somalica.

1. H. similis, iY. E. Br. in Kew BvXletin^ ISO,"), iHlT). Stems
elongate, growing to 9 in. long, \ in. thick, cylindric, obtusely 5- (G \-)
angled, glabrous ; angles with small spreading teeth h lin. long. Cymes
sessile or subsessile near the base of the young shoots, :>-5 -flowered ;
pedicels J-| in. long, glabrous. Sepals 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate,
very spreading, glabrous. Corolla broadly campanulate, about 7 lin. in
-diam. and about half as long, outside glabrous, smooth ; inside rough
with small papillae; lobes spreading, deltoid, acuminate. Outer coronal-
lobes minute, about \-\ lin. long and \ lin. broad, obtuse; inner

4D6 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Huemia.

coronal-lobes J-f lin. long, ascending, linear, obtuse, with a narrow
transverse dorsal ridge at their base. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i.
698.

IiOixrer Guinea. Angola: Pungo Aiulongo; in clefts of rocks on the movintain
sl()l)es of the PrsesitUum near Cabondo, Catete, &c., Welwitsch, 4264 !

2 H. aspera, N. E. Br. in Gard. Chrmi. 1887, ii. 364. Stems
procumbent and ascending, ;^>-9 in. long, J in. tliick, very obtusely 5-()-
angled, glabrous ; angles with small rigid spreading teeth (rudimentary
leaves) J lin. long, above each of which is a curved transverse impressed
line connecting the grooves between the angles. Cymes sessile near the
base of the young shoots, 3-5- (or more- ?) flowered; pedicels \-\ in,
long, glabrous. Sepals \ in. long, lanceolate, acuminate, very spreading,
glabrous. Corolla campanulate, about | in. long, j-1 in. in diam.,
outside dull purple, very rough with numerous small pointed papillae :
inside uniformly blackish-purple, densely covered with pointed papillae ;
lobes deltoid, acuminate. Outer coronal-lobes about J lin. long and
broad, subtruncate, slightly emarginate, intense blackish-crimson ;
inner coronal-lobes |-§ lin. long, lanceolate-subulate or linear, acute or
obtuse, yellowish, their tips slightly exceeding the anthers and very
slightly upturned, not produced into subulate points. — Bot. Mag. t.
7000 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 280.

IMCozaxnb. Blst. Probably Zanzibar or German East Africa, precise locality
unknown. Kirk !

o. H. oculata, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6658. Stems 2-3 J in.
high, about 5-6 lin. thick (without the teeth), 5-angled, glabrous ; angles
with stout fleshy spine-like teeth 2— 4J lin. long. Cymes few-flowered,
sessile near the base of the young stems ; pedicels 2-3 lin. long,
glabrous. Sepals 3-4 lin. long, lanceolate-subulate, glabrous. Corolla
about 10 lin. in diam., minutely papillate-asperate inside and out^'de,
otherwise glabrous and not ciliate, green, more or less tinged with pur-
plish outside, blackish-purple on the lobes and upper part of the tube
within, the base of the tube white ; tube about \ in. long, broadly
campanulate ; lobes 2 J lin. long, deltoid, acuminate, spreading. Outer
coronal-lobes about J lin. long and broad, subquadrate, truncate or
slightly emarginate (not rounded as represented in the plate), glabrous;
inner coronal-lobes | lin. long, elongate-deltoid, with a dorsal transver^e
ridge at their base, minutely puberulous, connivent, but without erect
tips. — K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 280-

ILo-wer Guinea. German South-west Africa : Damaraland, Een ! Wind-
hoek, Dinter !

4. H. Penzigii, N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1892, xi. 719. Stems
erect, 2-3 in. high, 6-H lin. thick, excluding the teeth, 5-angled,
glabrous; angles with stout conical straight spreading teeth 4-5 lin.
long, ending in fine subulate points. Flowers 1-5 in a fascicle at the
base of the young stems, developing successively ; pedicels \ in. long,
glabrous. Sepals 4-6 lin. long, lanceolate-subulate, spreading, glabrous.

Iluemia.] lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). 407

Corolla campanulate, about J in. long, and | in. in expanse; rough out-
side and inside with minute wart-like papilla?, which are inconspicuous
in the dried state, otherwise glabrous, and not ciliate, entirely
blackish-purple within; lobes about ^ in. long, deltoid, slightly spread-
ing. Outer corona of 5 transversely oblong, obtuse or emarginate
lobes J lin. long, purple-black ; inner coronal-lobes | lin. long, incurved
over the backs of the anthers, then erect, deltoid-subulate, with a trans-
verse ridge behind at their base, glabrous, blackish-purple. — Ihwrnia
macrocarpa, Dammann, Cat. 18'J2, 4 and 7, fig. 0 ; Wiener 111. (lartenz.
1802, 3r)0, fig. 58. //. Penzigii, Baker ex Penzig in Atti Congr. Bot.
Internaz. 1802, iUO. H. macrocarpa, Schweinf. ex K. Schumann,
Monatzschr. f lir Kakteenkunde, 1804, iv. laT), with fig. ; Engl, k PrantI,
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii: 270, fig. 84, F. and 280. Stapelia macrocarpd,
Martelli, Florul. Bogos, 56.

KTlIe Iiand. Eritrea : among rocks on Mount Sevan, near Keren, Penzig (ex
Penzig) ; near Geleb, cultivated specimens, Penzig (ex Cronemeyer) ! Deban
Mountain, near Keren, 4500-5000 ft., Beccari (ex Martelli).

Specimens collected in Eritrea, at Acrup, 6000 ft., Schweinfurth cf Riva, 1340,
may also belong to tins species, but those I have seen are without flowers.

According to Schumann, tins plant is the same as Stapelia macrocarpa, A.
Rich., but the st'jms of that species are described as subquadrangular and tlie
flowers are unknown. See note under ^. macrocarpa, N. E. Br.

5. H. concinna, X. E. Br. Stems tufted, 1- U in. long, 4J-5 lin.
thick, exclusive of the teeth, decumbent, 5-angled, glabrous, light green,
scarcely glaucous ; angles toothed ; teeth 3-3| lin. long, straight, spread-
ing, subulate from a stoat conical base, without lateral teeth. Flowei-s
1-2 or more ? fascicled on the basal part of the young stems ; pedicels
2J lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 4 lin. long, | lin. broad at the base,
gradually tapering to very fine hair-like points, glabrous. Corolla about
1 in. in diam., outside glabrous, smooth, whitish ; inside everywhere
covered with little bristle-like processes, pale sulphur-yellow, marked all
over with small dark brownish-crimson spots, narrowly margined with
dark purple-brown on the lobes, not ciliate ; tube about 3 lin. long and
7 lin. in diam., broadly campanulate : lobes 4 lin. long, 4i lin. broad,
slightly spreading, deltoid, acuminate. Outer corona very shortly
5-lobed, rich velvety purple-brown ; lobes J lin. long, §-j lin. broad,
transversely oblong, emarginate; inner coronal-lobes i lin, long, .\ lin.
broad at the base, gradually tapering to a subobtuse point, connivent
in a cone over the tips of the anthers, yellow, margined and speckled
with purple-brown. — H. macrocarpa, Taubert in Gartenfl. 1805, .k").".,
t. 1416, not of other authors.

Xile Xiand. Eritrea, Schweinfurth (ex Tauherl). Somalilmul: cultivated
specimen, Mrs. Lort- Phillips 1

Described from a living plant brought from Somaliland by Mrs. Lort-riiillin-,
wlucli flowered in Cambridge Botanic Garden in July 1900.

6. H. somalica, N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1808, 300. Stems
5-angled, light green, glabrous, scarcely glaucous, 2^-3 lin. high, 7 lin.

498 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Iluevnia.

thick, exclusive of the 3-3J lin. long stout conical very acute teeth at
the angles. Flowers from the base of the young stems ; pedicels 3-4
lin. long, I lin. thick, glabrous. Sepals 3 lin. long, | lin. broad at the
base, subulate-acuminate, glabrous. Corolla 1-1 J in. in diam., smooth
and glabrous outside and within the tube, inside papillate on the
lobes and the limb just at their base, dull purple or port- wine
colour, the lobes and some mottling on the convex part of the limb
dull ochreous ; tube 3-|-4 lin. long, G lin. in diam., campanuiate ; limb
convex or recurving, with 5 distant deltoid very acute spreading lobes
3 lin. long, 2-2^ lin. broad, and 5 small teeth alternating with them.
Outer coronal-lobes | lin. long, 1 lin. broad, subquadrate, bifid to half-
way down, adpressed to the bottom of the corolla, dark blood-red,
glabrous; inner coronal-lobes 1 lin. long, subulate, exceeding the
anthers, ascending and connivent over the apex of the style, bright
yellow, margined with dull purple in their upper part, glabrous.

IS'ile Xiand. Somaliland : on dry, flat, stony ground, cultivated specimen,
3Irs. Lurt- Phillips !

Described from a living plant sent to the Cambridge Bot mic Garden by Mrs.
Lort-Phill'])s. The bright yellow inner cor(mal-lobes, looking like 5 points of light
within the dark corolla-tube, form a very disthictive feature in this species.

Imjjerfectly kiioivn sj^fecies.

7. H. xnacrocarpa, X. E. Br. Stems about the length of a
finger, fieshy, glaucous, subquadrangular ; angles coarsely toothed ;
teeth fleshy, acute, recurved, spinescent at the apex. Peduncle simple,
arising from the sinus at the base of the branches and about equalling
them, erect, 1-flowered. Flowers . . . Follicles in pairs, 2-5 in. long,
approximate, erect, subparallel, narrow, compressed, acute or hooked at
the apex, marked with interrupted purple lines. Seeds ovate, glabrous,
marginate, terminated by a setose pappus. — Stapelia Tnacroccuya^ A.
Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 50; Walp. Ann. iii. 70.

M'iie Xiatid. Abyssinia : in the province of Shireh, Quartin Dillon.

This pliUit has been considered by Schweinfnrth & Schumann to be the same as
H. Penzigii^ N. E. Br., nnd by Taubert the same as H. concinna, N. E. Br., but as
tlie flowers of Stapelia macrocarpa, A. Rich., are undescribed, the stems and
loUicies of several species are very much alike in the dried state, and the species are
often very local in their distribution, as well as for reasons stated below, it appears
better to consider them distinct species.

In A. Richard's herbarium, now in the possession of M. Drake del Castillo, I am
informed that there is no specimen now extant bearina: the name of S. macrocarpa,
A. Rich. There is, however, a specimen consisting of one branch about 3 in. long
and ^ in. in diam. (including the teeth), and a detached fruiting peduncle with two
follicles, which are5g^ in. long; this specimen fairly agrees with Richard's description
of iS". macrocarpa, and was collected in Shireh province, at Debra Sina, in Abyssinia,
by Quartin Dillon & Petit, so that it may be the type. In the Paris Herbarium
there are specimens named S. macrocarpa, A. Rich., whicli were collected in the
province of Samen, Abyssinia, at tiie following localities : Sabra, 5000 ft., Schimjier,
945, and Shoata, 6000-7000 ft., Schimper,94:Q. Of all these 1 have only seen
tracings, and am informed that Dillon & Petit's and Schiraper's specimens appear to

I

Huernia.'] lxxxv. asclepiade^e (brown). 499

belong to one and the same species. If this opinion is correct (and the propinqnity
of the localities supports this view), there can be no doubt that it is speciti<ally dis-
tinct from H. Penzigii, X. E. Br., and from H. concinna^ N. E. ]ir., as the corolla
of SchJmper's plant is marked with concentric zebra-markinfj^s on the inner side,
which is not the case in H. Penzigii or H. concinna.

8. H. En^leri, Terra/^ciano in Ann. Istit. Bot. Jioma, v. I<i5.
Stems 4-angled, erect, "geographically" spotted with white and green ;
angles with acute teeth. Cymes 3-4-flowered ; flowers with long
peduncles (probably pedicels are intended). Sepals obovate-lanceolate,
acute. Corolla blackish-purple and spotted ; lobes stellately spreading.
Outer corona subentire, angulate.

Zarile Xiand. Crulli Island, in the Ked Sea, Terraccia7io, 22, iii.

I have not seen this plant. From the description it is impossible to 1)0 certain
if it belongs to the genus Huernia, and I am much inclined to believe that it will
jn'ove to be a species of Caralluma.

55. HUERNIOPSTS, N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 171.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed ; lobes valvate in
bud. Corona of 5 simple stout lobes arising from the staminal-column
and adna.te to it for half their length, opposite to the antheis and con-
nivent over them ; no outer corona. Anthers slightly ascending, not
appendaged. Pollen-masses solitary in each anther-cell, slightly ascend-
ing, pellucid along the inner margin, attached in pairs by short cau-
dicles to the oblong lateral processes of the pollen-carriers, — A dwarf
succulent perennial. Stems short, decumbent, 4-angled, toothed along
the angles. Flowers of moderate size, produced near the middle or
towards the top of the young stems.

A monotypic genus, al.so found in South Africa.

1. H. decipiens, N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 171, <. 12,
figs. 9-13. Plant tufted. Stems 1-3 in. long, 4-G lin. thick, exclusive
of the teeth, decumbent, often somewhat clavate, 4-angled, toothed
along the angles, glabrous, grey-green mottled with darker green or with
purplish ; teeth at the angles shortly conical, tipped with a horizon-
tally spreading subulate leaf-rudiment 1-1^ lin. long, having a minute
tooth on each side at the base. Cymes sessile near the middle or
towards the top of the young branches, 2-4-flowered; pedicels 1-2 lin.
long, stout, glabrous. Sepals 3-3J lin. long, 1 lin. broad, lanceolate,
very acuminate, glabrous. Corolla about 1 in. in diam., outside pale
greyish -green, spotted and streaked with purplish, glabrous ; inside
brownish-red or rich brownish-crimson, more or less mottled with
yellow, varying in intensity of colour, even in flowers of the same
cyme, glabrous, fringed at the base of the lobes with vibmtile clavate
purple hairs; tube 4-4J lin. long, 5 lin. in diam. outside, campanulate ;
lobes 4-4J lin. long, 3 lin. broad at the base, deltoid, very acuminate,
varying from ascending to recurved. Coronal-lobes 3 lin. long, 1 lin.
broad at the base, arising |-g lin. above the base of the staminal-

500 Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (browx). [^Iluerniopsis.

column, very stout and solid, somewhat square in cross-section in the
lower part, with slightly concave sides and acute angles, erect, shortly
produced and connivent at the apex over the staminal-column, purplish
on the back and at the apex, yellowish-green on the sides below the
middle. Staminal-column 2J lin. long ; anthers oblong, obtuse. Apex
of the style truncate, not exceeding the anthers. — K. Schum. in Engl.
& PrantI, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 277.

Iiower Guinea. German South-west Africa : near Windhoek, cultivated
specimens, Dinier !

Also in South Africa.

The flowers of this plant, so far as I have observed, remain open for about 40
hours, they usually open towards the latter part of the afternoon and emit their
rather nauseous odour most strongly duririj^ the evening, the next morning it can
scarcely be detected even close to the tiower, so that the flower is probably fertilised
by a late-flying insect. The coronal-lobes copiously secrete a sweet fluid on their
backs and sides.' In habit the plant has much resemblance to Duvalia polifa,
N. E, Br., and Stapelia atrosanguinea,^ . E. Br.

56. STAPELIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 784.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate or broadly cup-shaped or with a
short broadly campanulate tube, sometimes with a raised rim on the
disk around the corona, 5-iobed ; lobes valvate in bud. Corona double,
arising from the staminal-column ; outer corona of 5 lobes free to their
base; inner corona of 5 simple, or bifid, or two-horned, or broadly
winged lobes. Staminal-column arising from the bottom of the
corolla ; anthers ascending or inflexed on the top of the style. Pollen-
masses subhorizontal or somewhat ascending, pellucid along the upper
part of the inner margin, solitary in each anther-cell, attached in pairs
to the pollen-carriers by short stout caudicles ; pollen-carriers with a
wing-like expansion on each side, blackish or dark brown. Follicles
narrowly fusiform, smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs.- —
Dwarf, succulent herbs, branching from the base. Stems 4-5-angled,
thick and fleshy, toothed along the angles ; teeth tipped with very
small or rudimentary leaves. Flowers in few- or many-flowered
cymes arising from near the base of the young shoots or arranged
along the grooves between the angles, pedicellate, large or of moderate
size.

Species numerous, all South African except the following.

See note under Caralluma concerning generic distinction, &c.

Corolla-lobes 4-5i in. long, hairy on the inner face . 1. S. gigantea.
Corolla-lobes about 1 in. long in the dried state,

ciliate with clavate hairs, otherwise glabrous.

(See also Caralluma lateritia, C. caudata, and C.

valida) 2. ;S'. vaga.

Corollrt-Iobes 'i-i in. long, not ciliate with clavate

hairs, finely pubescent outside and on the apical

part within 3. /S. Icwebensis.

JStapelia.] Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADEiE (brown). 501

1. S, gigantea, j^. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1877, vii. GK4 and r,0:^>,
Jig. 112. Stems 4-8 in. high, \-\\ in. thick, erect, shortly decumbent
at the base and there branching, somewhat clavate, 4-angled,
pubescent, green; angles compressed, toothed. Lenves T-lJ lin, long,
erect, acute, pubescent. Cymes near the base of the young stems, few-
flowered ; pedicels 1-2 m. long, stout, becoming h in. thick when in
fruit, pubescent. Sepals r>-fl lin. long, lineo.r-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate. Corolla pentagonal and very acuminate in bud, 9-1 2 in. in
diam.. when expanded, rotate, nearly flat on the disk, r)-)obed to ^ the
way down, pubescent on the back, rugose on the face, pale yellow,
suffused with reddish-purple around the corona, everywhere marked
with irregular pale reddish-purple transverse lines, and covered with
erect fine pale purple hairs ; lobes 4-5i in. long, 1|-2|- in. broad,
ovate-lanceolate, very acuminate, widely spreading, with recurved
margins. Outer coronal-lobes spreading, 2 J-^> lin. long, broadly linear-
oblong, slightly widened upwards, subtruncate, with a short middle
tooth or obscurely 8-toothed, dark purple-brown, glabrous ; inner
coronal-lobes 2-h.orned, dark purple-brown, glabrous ; outer horn wing-
like, 2|- lin. long, 1^ lin. broad, suberect, deltoid-lanceolate, obtuse,
entire ; inner horn 2|- lin. long, triquetrous-subulate, erect. Follicles
about 6 in. long, J in. thick, erect, very slightly diverging, subcylin-
dric, obtusely pointed, pubescent. — Gard. Chron. ]888, iv, 728, fig.
101 ; Bot. Mag. t. 7068; Journ. Hort. 1800, xxi. ;U9 and 850, fig. 41 ;
Gard- & For. viii. 515 ; Cactus Journ. i. 23.

ZiOwer Guinea. Daraaralnnd : Walfisli Bay, cultivated specimens, l/l^cOet-aw
^ Bolus Herb. Norm. Aust.-Afr., 921 !

IMCozamb. ZSist. British Central Africa : X.yasaland; Xainasi, Cameron, 1 !
Also in Soi7t)i Africa.-

2. S, vaga, X. E. Br. hi Keiu BuUetin, 1805, 265. Stems not seen.
Pedicels lj-2in. long, glabrous, moderately stout. Sepals 3J lin. long,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla star-like, 2 J in. in diam.
or more ? apparently dark purple-brown ; lobes about 1 in. long in the
dried state, about 5 lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate,
rugulose on the face, ciliate with long clavate vibratile purple hairs,
otherwise glabrous. Outer coronal-lobes IJ-lJ lin. long, oblong, 4-
toothed at the apex ; two outer teeth a little lower down than the
inner two ; inner coronaA-lobes two-horned ; inner horn \h lin. long,
erect, subulate, recurving at the apex ; outer horn similar, but much
shorter.

Xiower Guinea. German South-west Africa : Ainboland; Oluknnda, Srhinz\

3. S. kwebexisis, N. E. Br. Plant about 6 in. high, branching at
the base. Stems about h in. thick, 4-angled, puberulous ; angles
shortly toothed. Leaves 1-^-2 i- lin. long, § lin. broad, subulate-
lanceolate, acute, erect, puberuloiis. Cymes from near tlie base of the
younger stems, subsessile, few-fiowered ; bracts U lin. long, lanceolate,
acute, puberulous; pedicels 1-1 J lin. long, shortly pubescent. Sepals
2^ lin. long, |-1 lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, shortly pubescent.

VOL. IV. '^

:^)()-j

Lxxxv. ASCLEPiADE^ (brown). [Stcipelia.

Corolla 1-1 J in. in diam., pubescent on the outside and on the apical
half of the lobes within, "chocolate-coloured" {Capt. Lugard), maroon
to ochre (Mo^s. Luyard) ; tube rather small, 1 J lin. long, and about o
lin. in diam.; limb rotate, 5-lobed to i the way down ; lobes 5-7 lin.
long, ?jh-b lin. broad, ovate, acuminate, transversely rugose, glabrous
on the basal half within. Outer coronal-lobes. arising | lin. above the
base of the staminal-column, J lin. long, J lin. broad, transversely
oblong, very obtuse, entire ; inner coronal-lobes i lin. long, oblong,
acute, incumbent on the backs of the anthers.

Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Ngamiland ; Kwebe, i?(^«rrf, 112 !
Kwobe Hills, 3200 ft., ilfr.v. Lugard, 29 !

57. DUVALIA, Haw. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 784.

Calyx 5-partite. Corolla rotate-stellate, deeply 5-lobed ; disk raised
and forming a ring or spurious tube (often more or less distinctly
pentagonal) around the staminal-column ; lobes more or less folded length-
wise and often into narrow vertical plates (replicate), usually horizontally
spreading, valvate in bud. Corona double, arising from the top of the
staminal-column ; outer corona in one piece, disk-like, pentagonal, rest-
ing on the rim of the raised disk of the corolla and closing the tube
formed by it ; inner corona of 5 fieshy ovoid lobes, incumbent on the
backs of the anthers, with a short dorsal projection, which is more or
less curved upwards. Staminal-column arising from the bottom of the
corolla ; anthers incumbent on the top of the style. Pollen-masses
solitary in each anther-cell, horizontal, attached in pairs by short
caudicles to lateral expansions of the pollen-carriers. Style not exceed-
ing the anthers, flat and pentagonal at the apex. Follicles narrowly
fusiform, acuminate, smooth. Seeds crowned with a tuft of hairs. — ■
Dwarf succulent perennials of tufted habit. Stems thick and fleshy,
decumbent or erect, 4-6-angled ; angles toothed ; teeth terminating in
small acute or subulate leaf-rudiments, which are deciduous or persist
and wither, and usuall}'^ have a minute tooth (rudimentary stipule) on
each side at their base. Flowers of moderate size, in sessile or subsessile
cymes at the middle or base of the young shoots.

Species several, mostly natives of South Africa, 1 in Arabia.
Corolla-lobes ciliate with long clavate hairs at the

base . . . . . . . . 1. .D. dentata.

Corolla-lobes not ciliate . . . . . . 2. 1). transvaalensis.

1. D. dentata, N. E, Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 265. Stems
branching at the base, 3-3 J in. high, 6 -angled, glabrous ; angles with
subulate pointed teeth 3-4 lin. long ; apical half of each tooth deciduous
(being really a rudimentary leaf having a minute lateral tooth on each
side), leaving a prominent conical tubercle. Cymes subsessile, from
below the middle or near the base of the young shoots, few-flowered ;
pedicels §-1 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals \ in. long, lanceolate-attenuate,
glabrous. Corolla about 1 J in. in diam., rotate ; disk raised, pentagonal,

Diivalia.] Lxxxv. asclepiade.« (brown). 501^

puberulous ; lobes G-7 lin. long, 4 lin. broad,- elongate-deltoid, very
acuminate, replicate, glabrous, ciliate with vibratile clavate purple hairs
at the base. Outer corona a subpentagonal flat rim, resting on the
elevated disk of the corolla, glabrous ; inner coronal-lobes ovate, acute
(probably thick and fleshy in the living state), with a dorsal obtuse pro-
jection.

Iiower Guinea. German South-west Africa : Dumaraland, Een /
Mozamb. Slst. British Central Africa : Ngamiland ! 30 niik's X.W. of
Kobis, Baines !

2. D. transvaalensis, Schlechter in Engl. Jahrh. xx. Beibl. r>],
54. Stems attaining 2h in. in height, about 5 lin. thick, erect, l!-angular,
glabrous; angles with spreading fleshy spines. Cymes few-flowered,
arising near the base of the young shoots ; pedicels | in. long, glabrous.
Sepals d lin. long, linear-lanceolate, very acute, glabrous. Corolla-
lobes h in. long, erect, ovate-triangular, acuminate, glabrous on both
sides. Outer corona disk-like ; inner coronal-lobes rhomboidal.

IVKozamb. X>lst. Transvaal : sandy places near Klipdam, 4600 ft,, Scfilechter,
4i98.

'I'his locality is about ten miles south of tlie Tropic, but the plant will prolably
be found in the tropical part also, and is therefore iucluiled. 1 have not seen a speci-
men.

Order LXXXVI. LOQANIACE^. (By J. G. Baker.)

Flowers usually regular and hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior ; tube
short; lobes usually 4-5. Corolla gamopetalous ; tube various in
shape; lobes usually 4 or 5, numerous in Anthocleista, imbricate or
valvate. Stamens usually as many as the corolla-lobes, reduced to 1 in
Usteria ; filaments short ; anther-cells parallel except in Xnxia. Ovary
superior, usually 2-celled ; style simple or once or twice forked ; ovules
one or many in a cell. Fruit capsular or indehiscent. Seeds various
in form, albuminous ; embryo usually straight ; cotyledons broad or
narrow ; radicle usually inferior. — Herbs, trees, or shrubs. Leaves
opposite, entire ; stipules present or reduced to a transverse line upon
the branchlet. Inflorescence usually a 2-:}-chotomous cyme. Flowers
various in size and colour.

Species 400, mostly tropical, several south temperate.

Style twice forked 1. MosTi ka.

Style simple. Ovules many in a cell.
Fruit capsular.
Stamens 4-5.

Anthrr-cells parallel.

Inflorescence racemosfe . . . .2. (JoMrH():>TiGMA.

Intlurescence cymose . • .4. Buddleia.

Anther-cells divaricate . . • . 3. NixiA.

Stamen 1 5. Ustkkia.

Fruit indehiscent.

CoroUa-lobes 4-5 6. SxRVtHNos.

Corolla-lobes 10-15 7. ANTnocLEii>TA.

Style forked. Ovules solitary . . • -8. Ci.v.BiNEKA.

r>04 Lxxxvi. LOGANiACE^ (baker). [Mostiiea.

1. MOSTUEA, Didr. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 789.

Calyx small ; teeth usually 5, longer or shorter than the campanu-
iate tube. Corolla-tube infundibuliform ; lobes usually 5, orbicular,
imbricate. Stamens 5, rarely 4, inserted low down in the corolla-
tube; filaments filiform ; anthers oblong, cells parallel. Ovary globose,
2-celled ; style subulate, twice branched ; forks recurved, stigmatose
on the inner sides ; ovules 2 in a cell, collateral, erect. Capsule
flattened so as to have a narrow septum, deeply emarginate, dehiscing
septicidally. Seeds 1-2 in a cell, lenticular ; albumen fleshy ; embryo
short, straight. — Small much-branched shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire ;
stipules small. Cymes few-fiovv^ered, shortly-peduncled, axillary or ter-
minal, enveloped in § Comochlamys in a pair of large foliaceous bracts.
Corolla white or yellowish. — Coinochlamys, T. Anders, ex Benth. et
Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1091.

Three other species, two in Madagascar and one in Surinam.

*ErMOSTUEA. Bracts small.

Calyx-lobes ol)solete 1. M. microphylla.

Calyx-lobes short, equal, ovate.
Leaves obovate.

Corolla ^-h in. long . . . . .2. M. penduUJlora.

Corolla \ in. long 3. M. Brunonis.

Leaves ovate, obtuse ...... 4. M. Thomsoni.

Leaves oblong, acuminate.

Cyrnes few-flovvered . . . . . o. M. BuchJiolzii.

Cymes inany-fiowered . . . . .6. M. Lujcei.

C.tlyx-lobes short, unequal, ovate or lanceolate.

Jk'anchlets pubescent ...... 7. M. ulugurensis.

Branchlets densely clothed with thick yellowish

hairs ^. M. erythropTiylla.

Calyx-lobes long, lanceolate.
Calyx hispid, ^ in. long.

Corolla-lobes oblanceolate . . . .9. M. Batesii,

Corolla-lobes as broad as long.

Caiyx-lobes deltoid, acute, | lin. long . . 10. M. Zenkeri.

Calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 1 lin. long . 11. Jf. Walleri.
Calyx pubescent, \ in. long . . . .12. M. grandifiora.

Calyx glabrous, ^ in. long.
Pedicels short.

Leaves oblong, very obtuse .... 13. M.ftichsicefolia.

Leaves ovate-oblong . . . . . 14. Jf. schumanniana.

Pedicels long . . . . . . .1.5. M. rubrinervis.

Calyx-lobes long, linear-lanceolate . . . .16. M. Dinklagei.

Calyx-lobes long, linear-setaceous.

Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate . . . 17. M. neuroearpa.

Leaves ovate-oblong 18. Jlf. densijlora.

Leaves small, obovate-oblong . . . .19. M. Camporiim.

**CoI^"oc^LAMTs. Bracts large, enclosing the cymes.

Calyx-lobes suborbicular . . . . . . 20. M. congolana.

Calyx-lobes ovate 2\. M. hirsuta.

Calyx-lobes lanceolate, equal.

Mostuea.] lxxxvi. LOGAxiACEiE (baker). 505

Leaves small, stroiif^ly ciliate 22. M. gahonica.

Leaves large, not ciliate.

Corolla 4 in. long 23. M. Hchweinfurthii.

Corolla ^ in. long 2-4. 3f. anr/oiana.

Calyx-lobes linear, very unequal .... 25. M. poggeana,

1. M. microphylla, Gilg in Enyl. Pji. Ost-Afr. C. 310. A
shrub ; young branchlets pubescent. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong,
subacute, petioled, chartaceous, glabrous, ^ in. long. Cymes 4-7-
flowered, terminal ; pedicels i-i in. long. Calyx campanulate, gla-
brous, yV in. long ; lolies acute. Corolla J in. long. *

XMEozainb. 3>l8t. German East Africa: Usannno; Kiseiawe (Kiserawa),
1000 ft., Stuhlmajin, 6172.

2. M. penduliflora, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xx'm. 108. A shrub;
young branchlets hispid. Leaves obovate, }-l in. long, rounded at the
base, narrowed to a petiole ^^-^ in. long, membranous, glabrous,
opaque. Flowers solitary, axillary, pendulous ; pedicels slender, 1 in.
or more long. Calyx-segments nearly free, equal, ovate, acute, slightly
hispid. Corolla white, J- J in. long; lobes broadly ovate. Stamens
subequal, nearly as long as the corolla. ^Capsule pendulous or sub-
erect.

South Central. Congo Free State: Lunda; in fore-t by the Lulua Klver,
Fogge,886, 1129.

3. M. BrunoniSy Bidr. in Vidensk. Meddel. Xat. Foren. Kjob. 185:>,
87. A shrub; branchlets smooth with very short internodes. Leaves
very shortly petioled, obovate, rarely ovate, 1 in. long, \ in. broad,
narrowly revoiute at the edges, pubescent only on the midrib above
and principal veins beneath. Peduncle slender ; pedicels and flowers
glabrous. Calyx ^^ in. long ; lobes ovate. Corolla \ in. long ; lobes
orbicular, \ the length of the tube. Pericarp parchment-like, brown,
subpuberulous. Seeds brown, opaque; testa fragile.

XiOwer Cruinea. Lower Congo, Smith. Tondoa, JBuffner, 400, 401.
JMCozamb. Hist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanji, Whyte.
This species is the type ot the genus.

4. M. Thomsouiy Benth, in Hook. Ic. PI. sub t. IIOG. A shrub ;
branchlets slender, obscurely pubescent. Leaves ovate, obtuse, about
1 in. long, cuneate at the base, glabrous; petiole very short; stipules
very small. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, shortly peduncled ; pedicels
very short ; bracts minute. Calyx yV in. long ; lobes ovate, acute, aa
long as the tube. Corolla \-\ in. long ; lobes orbicular. Capsule with
two divaricate oblong lobes. — Leptocktdua Thomsoni^ Oliver in Journ.
Linn. Soc. viii. 160, t. 12, fig. 3.

Upper Guinea. Southern Nigeria: Old Calabar, Thomson, 44 !

5. M. Buchholzii, Evgl in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 330. A shrub
4-5 ft. high ; branchlets very slender, slightly hairy. Leaves oblong,

500 Lxxxvi. LOGAXiACE,^ (baker). [Mostuea.

acuminate, membranous, glabrous, 2-4 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad at the
middle, narrowed into a short petiole ; stipules very small. Cymes few-
flowered, terminal and axillary, shortly peduncled ; pedicels short,
thickened ; bracts minute. Calyx glabrous, ^ lin. long ; lobes ovate,
ficute, as long as the tube. Corolla |- in. long; lobes orbicular. Cap-
sule with two oblong divaricate obtuse lobes ^ in. long.

Upper Guinea. Camcroons : Bipiiule, Zenker, 849 !

ZiO-wer Guinea. Gaboon : banks of the Gaboon Kiver, Mann, 970 ! Mount
.lolni on the Kiver Kongue, Mann, Vlll !

6. M. Ijujsei, l)e Wild, d- Durancl in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg.
xxxix. 67. A shrub, ;3-4 ft. high ; young branches pubescent; nodes
swollen. Leaves shortly petioled, elliptical, o-4 in. long, acute, narrowed
to the Ijase, glabrous on both surfaces ; stipules deltoid, jV in. long.
Cymes axillary, many-flowered, shortly peduncled ; bracts ciliate ;
pedicels \ in. long. Calyx-teeth ovate-triangular, yV in. long, slightly
pilose, ciliate on the margin. Corolla-tube gradually widened to the
throat, |- in. long ; lobes semi-orbicular, yV in. long. Stamens 5, as long
as the corolla-tube ; filaments pilose.

XiOwer Guinea. Lower Congo : Sabuka, near Stanley Pool, Luja.

7. M. ulugurensis, Gilg in Enyl. Jahrb. xxiii. 198. A very
dense shrub, 2-o ft. high ; young branchlets pubescent. Leaves ovate,
acute, tI-1 in. long, narrowed to a very short petiole, membranous^
glabrous above, slightly pubescent on the ribs beneath. Flowers 2-4 in
terminal cymes ; pedicels very short. Calyx-lobes very unequal, ovate-
deltoid or lanceolate, pilose,. J-i the length of the corolla. Corolla
i- in. long; tube funnel-shaped; lobes suborbjcular. Stamens equal,
J the length of the corolla-tube.

XMCozamb. Bist. German East Afi-ica : Usagara ; at Nglewenu in the
Uln^'uru Moinitains, -4900 ft., Siuhlmann, 8865.

8. M. erythrophylla, Gily in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 117. A
shrub ; young branches densely clothed with thick yellowish hairs.
Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 1 in. long, obtuse, subcuneate at the base,.
glabrous, opaque, purplish when dried. Cymes lax, terminal, 3-7-
flow^ered ; peduncle and pedicels slightly pilose, the latter i in. long.
Calyx-lobes free, ovate-lanceolate, very acute, y\j in. long. Corolla 4
times the length of the calyx ; tube obconic ; lobes roundish. Stamens
5, subequal, half the length of the corolla-tube.

IVKozamb. Sist. German East Africa : east side of Lake Tanganyika,.
Trotha, 10.

9. M. Batesii, Baker. Alow erect much-branched shrub ; branch-
lets slender, densely clothed with firm white hairs. Leaves shortly
petioled, oblong, 1-2 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, membranous,
clothed with long hairs on both surfaces. Cymes few-flowered, dense,,
axillary; bracts lanceolate. Calyx \ in. long; lobes long, lanceolate,
densely clothed with long white hairs. Corolla white (Bates), J in. long ;

Jfostiiea.] Lxxxvi. loganiace^ (baker). 507

lobes oblanceolate, obtuse. Filaments pubescent, more than half as
long as the corolla ; anthers small. Fruit not seen.
Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Ef ulen, Bafes^ 3o2 I

10. M. Zenkeriy Gily in Xotizbl. Kouvjl Bot. Cart. Berlin, i. 73.
A shrub ; young branchlets pubescent. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong,
obtuse, narrowed to a short petiole, 1-2 in. long, glabrous above when
mature, pilose on the ribs beneath. Cymes terminal and axillary, 3-II-
Howered ; peduncle and pedicels short. Calyx -^jj in. long, 5-partite ;
lobes deltoid, acute, | lin. long. Coiolla under i in. long; tube funnel-
shaped ; lobes J-^ in. long. Stamens equal, more than half as long as
the corolla.

iLower Guinea. Cameroons : YauDcle, Zenker, 211 !

Gilg describes the total length of the caly.K as 2'5 mm., of which the lobes
occupy ^ mm., but in a specimen received from lierlin the calyx is divided neiu-ly
to the base. When more material is accessible, this and M. Walleri, Hakcr, may
have to be united.

11. M. Walleri, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 181)'), DC. A. much-
branched shrub ; branchlets slender, densely pubescent. Leaves oblong,
obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the. base, at most 1 in. long, hispid on
the ribs beneath ; petiole very short ; stipules small, ovate, acute.
Cymes mostly terminal, 2-3-flowered ; pedicels hispid, longer than the
calyx; bracts minute. Calyx hispid, J in. long; lobes lanceolate,
acuminate, 1 lin. long, much longer than the tube. Corolla pure wliite,
J in. long ; tube broadly funnel-shaped ; lobes J in. long and broad.
Capsule not seen.

Mozamb. X>lst. Portuguese East Africa : summit of Morambala ^lountain,
3000 ft., Waller I

12. M. grandiflora, Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 310. A
shrub ; young branchlets clothed with brown hairs. Leaves ovate or
oblong, rounded at apex, narrowed to a short petiole, A- J in. long,
glabrous above, slightly hairy on the ribs beneath. F4owei-s solitary at
the end of the branchlets. Calyx pubescent, | in. long ; lobes lanceo-
late, acuminate. Corolla | in. long. Stamens subequal.

X^ozaml). Bist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Lutiudi, 4000-5000 ft..
Solsf, 3430 !

13. M. fuchsisefolia, Bakei' in Kev Bulletin, IHO'), 00. A shrub
li-2 ft. high; branchlets very .slender, finely pubescent. Leaves
oblong, membranous, obtuse, slightly pubescent beneath, cuneate at the
base, 1-2 in. long ; petiole very short ; stipules deltoid. Cymes axillary
or terminal, few-flowered ; peduncles very short ; pedicels longer than
the calyx ; bracts minute. Calyx ^V in. long ; lobes very acute, much
longer than the very short tube. Corolla pure white, A in. long ; lobes
J in. long and broad. Capsule with two suborbicular divaricate lobes
I in. long.— Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. GlI'J.

r)08 Lxxxvi. LOGANiACE^ (baker). [Mostiisa.

Iiower Guinea. Ani^ola : Pung-o Andongo ; in thickets near Mata de Cabondo,
Welicitsch, 4759 ! (^uiballa to Ik'inbe, Monteiro! 80 miles inland from Anibriz,
Monteiro !

14. M. schumanniana, Gily iri Enyl. Jahrh. xvii. 500. A
much-branched shrub ; branchlets slender, glabrous, with the crowded
stipules of the old leaves persistent. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong,
glabrous, 1-2 in. long, narrowed to an obtuse point; petiole very short ;
stipules small, broad ovate, acute. Cymes dense, few-flowered, axillary
and terminal ; peduncle very short ; pedicels at most twice as long as
the calyx ; bracts minute. Calyx yV in. k)ng, glabrous ; lobes very
acute, much longer than the very short tube. Corolla J in. long ; tube
widening gradually up to the throat ; lobes \-\ in. long and broad.
Capsule not seen.

ZiO-wer G-ulnea. Lower Consjo : in forest cleariiig-s near Mayombe, Soijaux,
136!

15. M, rubrinervis, Engl. Jahrh. vii. ?A0 {rubinervis by error).
A sma.U shrub ; branchlets slender, glabrous, brown. Leaves ovate-
oblong or oblong, narrowed to an obtuse point with a minute mucro,
l-2i in. long, membranous, glabrous; petiole short; stipules ovate,
obtuse. Cymes copious, axillary, few-flowered ; pedicels much longer
than the calyx ; bracts minute. Calyx glabrous, yo- in. long ; lobes 5,
ovate, acute, longer than the very short tube. Corolla J in. long ; tube
broadly funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, Jr in. long and broad. Capsule not
seen. — M. orientalis, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, OG.

xrile Kand. British J]ast Africa : Mombasa, Wakefield !

IC, M. Dmklagei, Gilg in En.gl. Jahi-b. xxviii. IIG. A shrub ;
young branches densely pilose, blackish or grey. Leaves very shortly
petioled, lanceolate or narrowly rhomboid-lanceolate, lJ-2 in. long,
quite glabrous, opaque. Cymes 1-7 -flowered, lax, terminal, shortly
peduncled ; pedicels very short, densely pubescent. Calyx pubescent,
h in. long ; lobes free, linear-lanceolate. Corolla J in, long ; tube
obconic ; lobes round. Stamens 5, short. Capsule ^ in. long, half as
broad again.

Upper Ouinea. Cameroons : Ebei Falls, DinJclage, 180.

17. M. neurocarpa, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 110. A low
shrub ; young branches densely pilose. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, 2J-4 in. long, glabrous, opaque. Cym.es axillary,
sessile, 1-3-flowered ; pedicels glabrous. Calyx-lobes 5' linear-
setaceous. Corolla unknown. Capsule i in. long, prominently ribbed.

Upper C-ulnea. Cameroons : in forest near Batanga, DinJclage, 1462,

18. M. densiflora, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxiii. l98. A shrub
or small tree ; branchlets much thickened with papillae or short hairs.
Leaves ovate-oblong, 1^-2 in. long, subacute or rounded at the apex,
narrowed gradually to a very short petiole, membranous, glabrous,

Ilostitea.] Lxxxvi. loganiace.e (baker). 509

opaque. Flowers C-0 in dense subcapitate terminal cymes. (Jalyx
5-partite, J in. long; lobes linear-setaceous, papillose. Corolla 2-;i
times the length of the calyx ; tube funnel-shaped ; lobes suborbiculur.
Stamens 5, subequal.

Xiower Guinea. Lower Congo: in forest at Mayombe, Laurent; Hingila,
Dupuis.

19. M. Camporum, Gilg in Engl. ^aAri. xxviii. 117. A shrub,
1-2 ft. high ; young branches clothed with thick hairs. Leaves sub-
sessile, obovate-oblong, under 1 in. long, acute, cuneate at the base,
glabrous, opaque. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary, pedicel short,
glabrous. Calyx-lobes free, linear-setaceous, J in. long, glabrous or
ciiiate. Corolla 5 times the length of the calyx ; tube narrowly olj-
conic ; lobes ovate, acute. Stamens twice as long as the calyx. Style
twice as long as the stamens, thickened upwards.

Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usagara ; at the northern edge of the
Khutu Steppe near Mgunda, 1000 ft., Goetze, 379 !

20. M. congolana, i?a/l-er. A shrub ; young branchlets pubescent,
older glabrous. Leaves subsessile, ovate or ovate-oblong, H-2 in. long,
shortly acuminate, rounded at the base, subchartaceous, at tirst densely
clothed on both sides with yellowish pubescence. Peduncle .V~iV ^"•
long, often furnished with a pair of bracteoles. Flowers 2—4 in a
cluster ; involucral bracts broadly ovate, with pilose margins. Calyx-
segments nearly free, ~ in. long, acute, densely pilose. Corolla J in.
long, J-tV in. in diam. at the throat ; lobes suborbicular. Stamens very
unequal, the two longest rather shorter than the tube. Style half as
long as the tube. — Coinochlamys congolana, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii.
107 ; De Wild. & Durand in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 12o, and in
E-eliq. Dewevr. IGO.

Xtower Guinea. Lower Congo : Bangala, Hens, C. 107.

Soutb Central. Lunda : in shady places by the liUachim l^iver, Marques,
247.

21. M. hirsuta, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 244. A shrub,
1 ft. high ; branchlets slender, densely hairy. Leaves ovate, hairy, sub-
sessile, J-1 in, long ; stipules minute. Cymes terminal ; flowers :>-;'),
crowded, hidden by the suborbicular hairy bracts ; peduncle and pedicels
very short. Calyx yV in. long ; tube very short ; lobes ovate. Corolla
I in. long; tube narrowly funnel-shaped; lobes suborbicular. Stamens
4, inserted about the middle of the corolla-tube. Ovary hairy. Fruit
not seen.— Coinochlamt/s hirsuta, T. Anders, ex Benth. et Hook,
f. Gen. PI. ii. 1091 ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1H7G, :J21, t. 1H2, lig. 2.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia : amongst rocks at Karkan»ly (Kakandy r),
Ileudeloi, 800 (ex Baillon). Sierra Leone: by the Kiver IJngru, Mann, Sll !
Kalu-eni, Scott-Eliiot, 5637 !

22. M. gabonica, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 24.'). A
much-branched shrub ; bark blackish ; branchlets slender. Leaves

r>10 Lxxxvi. LOGAXiACE^ (baker). [Mostuea,

small, ovate, acute, subsessile, reddish beneath, ciliate on the margin
with rather bristly hairs. Cymes terminal, usually -i-S-flowered,
hidden by the suborbicular ciliate bracts ; pedicels very short. Calyx
hairy; lobes 5, very unequal, very acute ; tube scarcely any. Lobes of
the corolla 5. Stamens 5, rather unequal. Disk scarcely visible.
Ovary conic. Fruit unknown.

Itovrer Guinea. Gaboon : by the Gaboon River, Dujjarquet.

2?). M. Schweinfurthii, Baker. A much-branched shrub ;
branchlets slender, very hairy. Leaves oblong, membranous, subsessile,
glabrous, 1-2 in. long, narrowed to an obtuse or subacute point ; stipules
oblong, brown, scarious. Cymes terminal, few-flowered, enclosed in a
pair of orbicular cuspidate membranous bracts \ in. long ; peduncle and
pedicels very short. Calyx J in. long ; lobes 5, lanceolate; tube scarcely
any. Corolla white with 10 yellow streaks in the tube, J in. long.
Capsule not seen. — Coinochlamys Schivehifurthii, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb.
xvii. 560.

lirile £and. Xiamniam : by tlie Linduku 'River, Schweinfurth^ 3181 ! by the
Xabambisso River, Schioeinfurth, 3030 !

24. M. angolana, Hiem in Cat. Afr. PI. Welio. i. 700. A much-
branched shrub ; branchlets very slender, pubescent. Leaves ovate or
oblong, 1-2 J in. long, obtuse or subacute, membranous, slightly hairy
beneath, nearly sessile ; stipules small, suborbicular, hairy. Cymes
terminal, 4-5-flowered ; peduncle and pedicels very short; bracts pale
green, hairy, orbicular-cuspidate, J-| in. broad. Calyx-tube very short;
lobes lanceolate, unequal. Corolla white, | in. long ; tube \ in. in diam.
at the throat ; lobes orbicular, much imbricated. Stamens 5, subequal,
much shorter than the corolla-tube. Capsule with two orbicular
divaricate lobes \ in. long. — Coinochlamys angolana, S. Moore in Journ.
Bot. 1876, 321, t. 182, fig. 1 ; 1878, 138 ; De Wild. & Durand in Bull.
Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 123.

lower Guinea. Loango : near Chinchocho, Soyaux, 156 ! Lower Congo :
Bangala, 1000 ft.. Hens, C. 169 ! Angola : 30 miles from Ambriz, Monteiro I
Pungo Andongo ; among shrubs along the streams of the Praesidium, near Catete
ix\\<\ at Cabondo, Welwitsch, 4760 !

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : St;inley Falls, iar^rew^.

25. M. poggeana. Baker. Branchlets blackish or dark brown,
clothed when young with long yellowish hairs. Leaves shortly petioled,
ovate or ovate-oblong, acute, rounded at the base, 1 in. long, densely
clothed on both sides with long yellowish hairs. Cymes terminal, 4-6*^-
flowered ; pedicels yV-^ in. long; bracts orbicular, apiculate, J in.
long and broad, densely hairy. Calyx ^ in. long ; lobes nearly free,
linear, very unequal. Corolla white, above J in. long : tube funnel-
shaped. Filaments free in the upper sixth. — Coinochlamys poggeana,
■Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 559.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Mukenge, Pogge, 1254.

i

Oojnjyhostigma.] lxxxvi. loganiace^ (baker). 511

2. GOMPHOSTIGMA, Turcz. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen
Pi. ii. 702.

Calyx-tube campanulate ; lobes 4, ovate. Corolla-tube subcam-
panute; lobes 4, obtuse, imbricate, spreading, as long as the tube.
Stamens 4, inserted in the corolla-tube ; filaments short, filiform ;
anthers oblong, with parallel cells. Ovary ovoid, 2-celled ; style subu-
late ; stigma of two spreading oblong lobes; ovules many in a cell,
attached to a narrow axile placenta. Capsule oblong, splitting down to
the base into two rigid bifid valves. Seeds obovoid or angled by
pressure ; testa lax ; albumen sparse ; embryo short. —Shrubs with
opposite or verticillate leaves ; stipules obscure. Flowers small, in a
terminal raceme which runs down into the axils of the upper leaves.

One other species in South Africa.

1. G. scoparioides, Ticrcz.; Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 4o4. A
much-branched erect shrub ; branches long, rigid, virgate, whitened by
thin tomentum. Leaves opposite, sessile, subrigid, linear, 1 -nerved,
ascending, lower 1-1 i in. long, upper gradually shorter. Racemes
terminal, many-flowered ; lower flowers produced from the axils of
reduced leaves ; pedicels oj^posite, ascending, bibracteolate. Calyx -^-
in. long. Corolla white, twice as long as the calyx. Capsule \-\ in?
long. — BudcUeia virgata, Linn. fil. Suppl. 12o.

Iio^irer Guinea. Angola : Huilla to Humpatu, Johnston ! banks of llie Kivor
Oaculovar, Newton !

nCozamb. Dist. Matabeleland : banks of the Semokwe or I\riitenir\vc' River,
Baines !

Also in South Africa.

NUXIA, Lam. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI.

112.

Calyx-tube subcampanulate ; lobes 4, ovate, subvalvate. Corolla-
tube subcylindrical, circumscissile above the persistent base ; lobes 4,
imbricate, spreading, obtuse or acute. Stamens 4, inserted just below
the throat of the corolla-tube ; filaments filiform ; anther-cells divari-
cate, distinct or confluent at the apex. Ovary 2-celled ; style filiform ;
stigma small, terminal ; ovules many in a cell, multiseriate. Capsule
ovoid or oblong, septicidally 2-valved ; valves bifid. Seeds numerous,
minute, oblong ; albumen fleshy ; embryo straight. — Trees or shrubs.
Leaves opposite or verticillate, entire or dentate; stipules reduced to a
mere line." Flow^ers small, copious, arranged in terminal panicles with
cymose branches.

Species about 20, also in South Africa and the Mascarene Isles.
Cymes dense, branches approximate; pedicels 0 or very
short.
Leaves 3 times as long as broad . . . . \. N. conqesta.

Leaves about twice as long as broad.

Branchlets glabrous . . • . • . 2. N. Mannii.

Branchlets densely pubescent . . . . i. N. platyphylla.

512 Lxxxvi. LOGANiACE^ (baker). [^Nuocitt.

Cymes dense, branches approximate; pedicels shorter
than the calyx.
Leaves lanceolate, about 3 times as long as broad.

Calyx y'o ill- long . . . . . . As. N. poIyantJia.

Calyx ^ in. long . . . . . . . h, N. dentata.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about half as long as broad.
Leaves glabrous on both surfaces.
Main veins ^-lO-jugate.
Leaves acute.

Calyx i in. long . . . . . Q. N. odorata.

Calyx X in. long . . . . .I.N. rupicola.

Loaves obtuse . . . . . . 8. iV. Dekindtii.

Main veins 10-12-jugate 9. N. goetzeana.

Leaves pubescent beneath ..... 10. N. samhesiaca.
Leaves more than half as broad as long . . . 11. N. angolensis.

Cymes lax, brandies divaricate ; pedicels as long as the

calyx . 12. N. Holstii.

1. N, congesta, R, Br.\ Benih, in DC. Prod. x. 435. A shrub
or small tree ; branchlets glabrous or slightly pubescent, 4-anglecl.
Leaves 2-I^)-nate, shortly petioled, oblanceolate- oblong, about 3 in. long
by 1 in. broad, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire or slightly repand,
glabrous on both surfaces ; main veins 5-6-jugate. Cymes forming a
dense terminal panicle ; pedicels 0 or very short. Calyx J in. long;
tube subcylindrical ; lobes small, ovate. Corolla-tube nearly as long
as the calyx ; lobes J as long as the tube. Stamens about as long as
the corolla. Style often much exserted. — A B.ich. Tent. FL Abyss, ii.
123; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 335. Lachnopylis ternifolia,
A.DC. Prod. ix. 23.

Wile Xiand. Eritrea : Mount Oualid. 6900 ft., Schweinfurth and Riva, 1868 \
Abyssinia : Samen Province, Schimper, 1159 ! Ankober, IJoth, 462 ! Shoa and
Wojerat Provinces, Petit (ex Richard.)

IMiozamb. 3>ist, German East Africa: Langenburg Distr., Goetze, 1159!
1190! British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; Mount Zomba, 2500-6000 ft., Whyiel
Johnston ! Zomba Plateau, 4500 ft., Whyte ! Elantyre, Buchanan, 6 ! and without
precise locality, Buchanan, 497 ! 820 !

2. N. Mannii, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii. 140. A tree 30-40 ft.
high ; branchlfets bro^vn, glabrous, 4-angled. Leaves 3-nate, distinctly
petioled, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 3 in. long, 1-2 in. broad,
entire, acute, much narrowed to the base, glabrous on both surfaces.
Cymes dense ; pedicels 0 or very short. Calyx glabrous, i in. long ;
lobes ovate. Corolla-lobes oblong, J as long as the tube. Stamens as
long as the corolla-lobes.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Mount Gonkwi, 3000 ft, ! Scott-Elliot,
4824 ! Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 7000-7500 ft., Mann, 1206 !

3. N. platyphylla, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii.' 141. A tree
reaching a height of 30 ft. ; branchlets densely pubescent. Leaves
distinctly petioled, ternate, oblong, 2-3 in. long by half as broad,
obtuse, narrowed to the base, glabrous on both surfaces ; main veins

Iguana.] lxxxvi. loganiace.e (baker). .j]:>

;')-?- jugate. Cymes forming a dense terminal panicle ; pedicels 0 or
very short. Calyx 1 in. long ; tube subcylindrical ; lo])es ovate, acute.
Corolla- tube as long as the calyx-tube; lobes oblanceolate-oblong.
Stamens reaching to the top of the corolla-lobes.

XVEozamb. Xll»t. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Maraiifrn, 6500 ft,.
Vol kens, 1499 !

4. N. polyantha, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxx. :)70. A shrub,
G-10 ft. high; branchlets angled, greenish. Leaves usually 3-nate,
distinctly petioled, lanceolate, 2-P) in. long, J-1 in. broad, acute,
distinctly denticulate, glabrous, shining on the upper surface ; main
veins 8-jugate. Cymes moderately dense ; pedicels I lin. long. Calyx
yy in. long. Petals lanceolate.

nXozamb. nist. German East Afi'ica : Lang-enburg ; Kinga (or Livingstone)
Mountains. 8200 ft., (?oe^r^, 988, ] 282.

5. N. dentata, R. Br. fBenth. in DC. Prod. x. 485. A tree, reach-
ing a. height of 50-70 ft. ; branchlets slender, glabrous. Leaves dis-
tinctly petioled, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, J-1 in. broad, usually distinctly
toothed, glabrous on both surfaces ; main veins slender, (I-!)- jugate.
Cymes not very dense, corymbose ; pedicels shorter than the calyx.
Calyx glabrous, J^ in. long ; teeth ovate. Corolla-lobes oblong, -j'.r in.
long. Stvle exserted beyond the tip of the corolla-lobes. — A. Rich.
Tent. Fl." Abyss, ii. 124; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 335 ;"Hiern
in Cat. Afr. Pi. Welw. i. 700. X. oppositifolia, Benth. I.e. Lachnopylis
oj^positifolia, Hochst. ; A. DC. Prod. ix. 23.

Xlle Iiaracl. Eritrea : around Acrur, 6200 ft., Schweinfurfh <Sf Riva^ 1690 !
Abyssinia: near Mai Zerambde, towards .Telajeranne, Schimper, 17141 Sliireh
Province, Quarfin Dillon! Begemeder, Schimper, 710 1 and without precise
locality. Roth, 463 ! Britisb East Africa : Tuita ; Xdi Mouiitain, nUdehraudt,
2576!

laovrer Guinea. Angola : Mossaniedes ; banks of tlie Rivers Hero and
Maiombe, Welwitsch, 5766 ! near Cavalheiros, TFelwifsch, 5767 !

IWtozamb JJist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 4500-8000 ft., Mct/er.
British Central Africa: Zambesi Valley; Highlands of Batoka, A7r^' / Xyasaland ;
Magomero, Meller ! Shibisa to Tshinmuze, 2000-4000 ft.. Kirk ! Tanganyika
Plateau, 3500-4000 ft., Whyfe! Zomba, Piirves, 50! Rhodesia; near Odzmii
River, Evelyn Cecil, 235!

Also in Arabia.

G. N. odorata, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxx. 376. A tree, r.(»-50 ft.
high ; branchlets blackish, acutely angled. Leaves 3-nate, shortly
petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, |-U in. broad, subacute,
entire, glabrous and opaque on both surfaces; main veins 7-10-jugate.
Cymes dense; pedicels ^-1 lin. long. Calyx I in. long; teeth tri-
angular, acute, ciliate. Petals lanceolate, acute, silky on the back.
Stamens and style much exserted.

Mozami). Bist. German East Africa : Langenburg ; liungwe Motnitnins
8200 ft., Ooetze, 1159.

^l^t LXXXVI. LOGANIACEiE (bAKER). [Nuxia,

7. N. rupicola, Gilg in Knyl. Jahrh. xxxii. 142. A shrub, G ft.
high ■ young branchlets glabroiis or very slightly pubescent. Leaves
;'>-nate, distinctly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1 J-2J in. long,
|-li in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, entire, glabrous on both
surfaces, shining on the upper ; main veins H-lO-jugate: Cymes laxly
corymbose; pedicels short. Calyx \ in. long; lobes broadly ovate,
acute.

Iiower Guinea. Angola: HuilLi ; hy the River Xeiie, 5000-6000 ft.,
Bekindi, 20-i.

S. W. Dekindtii, Gilrj in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii. 141. A small tree ;
young branchlets pubescent. Leaves ternate, distinctly petioled,
obovate or obovate-oblong, 2-4 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, usually obtuse,
entire, narrowed to the base, glabrous ; main veins 7-10-jugate. Cymes
laxly panicled; pedicels short. Calyx \-\ in. long; tube distinctly
dilated upwards, densely dotted outside with globose hairs; lobes
broadly ovate, acute.

liOwer Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; in gorges of the Muchu River, 5000-
6008 ft., Dekindt, 205.

9. N. goetzeana, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 375. A tree, 50-60 ft.
high; branchlets angled, brown. Leaves 3-nate, shortly petioled, obo-
vate, ] J-2 in. long, |-1 J in. broad, obtuse or shortly apiculate, entire,
subcoriaceous, glabrous; main veins 10-12-jugate. Cymes dense;
pedicels -.}^-^ in. long. Calyx glabrous, \-\ in. long ; lobes, triangular,
acute. Stamens and style much exserted.

Mozamb. X>ist. German East Africa: Langenburg ; Kinga Mountains,
5500 ft., Goetze, 1190.

10. IV. &2iTohes\n2i^ Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 312. A shrub
or small tree ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled,
obovate, 2-3 in. long, 1-1^- in. broad, obtuse, entire, pubescent beneath ;
main veins 5-6-jugate. Cymes dense, corymbose ; pedicels short.
Calyx pubescent, \ in. long; teeth small, ovate. Corolla white; lobes
oblong, 1 in. long. Styles exserted beyond the tip of the corolla-lobes.

IVIozamb. Sist. British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; ]\[o\int Zoniba, 4000-
6000 ft., Buchanan, 131! Whyte ! Zomba Plateau, 4500 ft. Wkyte ! Tuchila
Plateau, 6000 ft., Purtes, 63 !

Very near the South African N. tomentosa. Sender.

11. N. angolensis, Gilg in Xotizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, 1895,
74. A shrub or small tree ; branchlets glabrous, angled upwards.
Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong, 2-3 in. long, l|--2 in. broad, acute,
entitle, much narrowed to the base, glabrous on both surfaces; main
veins 6-S -jugate. Cymes dense ; pedicels short. Calyx J in. long ;
teeth ovate. Corolla-lobes oblong, i in. long. Styles overtopping the
corolla-lobes. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 700.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto ; on the drier slopes of Alto Queta
and (^uilumbo Mountains, Wehoitsch, 5670 ! 6689 ! by the River Luinha at

Xuxia.] Lxxxvi. LOGANiACE^ (baker). 515

Cjifombii, Wehvitsch, 5660, 4624 ! Pungo Andongo ; l)y the Kivor Taiigiie,
Welwitsch, 5678 !

12. N. Holstii, Gilg in Enyl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 312. A tree;
branchlets slender, glabrous, acutely angled. Leaves distinctly petioled,
lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, |-1 in. broad, acute, entire, thin, glabrous on
both surfaces; main veins 10-12-jugate. Cymes lax, forming a broiul
panicle ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx funnel-shaped, glabrous,
^ in. long ; teeth minute, ovate. CorolU« -lobes yV in. long. — X. flori-
bunda, var. Holstii, Cilg in Engl. Glied. Veg. Usambara, 54. X. iisatn-
harensis and ^V. Volkensii,G\\^ in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 312.

XMEozamb. Blst. Gorman East Africa: Usambara; Kwa Msliu/a. 4500-
500U ft., Hoist, 9070! 9138! Kilimanjaro; Kilema, 4500 ft., I'nlkens, 1686!
lintisli Central Africa: Nyasaland ; between Kondowe and Kiironga, 2000-6000 ft.,
Whiite. 372 !

Very near the South African N.Jlorihunda, Bcnth,

4. BUDDLEIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 7113.

Calyx campanulate, 4-lobed. Corolla-tube cylindrical or cauipanu-
late ; lobes 4, short, broad, imbricate, spreading when expanded.
Stamens 4, inserted at or near the throat of the corolla-tube ; anthers
nearly sessile, ovate or oblong ; cells parallel. Ovary 2-celled ; style
filiform, clavate or capitate at the stigmatose tip ; ovules many in a
cell, multiseriate. Capsule septicidally 2-valved ; valves bitid or entire.
Seeds numerous, minute ; testa ad pressed or laxly reticulate, often
expanded into a wing; albumen fleshy; embryo straight. — Trees or
shrubs, usually tomentose. Leaves opposite, entire or toothed ; stipules
reduced to a mere line. Cymes usually forming a terminal panicle.

Species about 70 ; also in South Africa and tlie Mascarcne Is'es numerous in
Tropical Asia and America.

Leaves distinctly petioled, not rugose.

Panicle loig iind lax 1. B. polystnchiia.

Panicle very short and dense.

Calyx-teeth orbicular 2. B. timmhnreusis.

C-dyx-teetli ovate 3. -B. oreophUn

Leaves siibsessile, rugose 4>. B. salvifoUa.

Leaves shortly petioled, rugose . . . . 5. jB. aurantinro-

7/1(1 C If

lata.

1. B. polystachya, Fresen. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 44i;. A shrub.
^^-10 ft. high; branchlets thinly clothed with pale brown tomentuni.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, subcoriaceous, entire or oh.»curely
serrate, 2-3 in. long, dull green and thinly tomentose above, den.seiy
clothed with bright brown tomentum be»ieath ; main veins raised ; petiole
\-h in. long. Cymes many, arranged in a long subspicate panicle with
spaces between tJiem, the lowest subtended by small leaves; pedict'lsO or
very short ; bracts minute, linear. Calyx J in. long, clothed with brown
tomentum ; tube oblong. Corolla-tube cylindrical, twice as long as the

,510 • Lxxxvi. LOGA.NiACE^ (baker). [Bitddkia.

calyx ; lobes yellow, orbicular ; expanded limb J in. in diam. Style not
exserted from the corolla-tube. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 124;
Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. ia:i ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfi. Trop. Afr.
»^;ir>. li.rvfa, Fresen. in Flora, 1838, GOG. B. acuminaia &^ B.foliata,
A. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. Ixiii.

Iffile Ziand. Eritrea : Ainsaba, Beccari, 69 ! around Acrur, 6200 ft.,
Schweinfiirth and Riva, 779 ! Abyssinia : Adowa, Steudner, 851 ! Schimpei', 1905 I
ii.-ar Gennia, Sc/umjjer, 266! Ankohtr, Both, 464! and without precise locality,
JSckimjyer, 1711 Plowden ! Quart in Dillon and Fetit !

Also in Arabia.

Beccari's plant is less tomentose than the other specimens quotfed.

2. B. usarabarensisy Gilg in Enyl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 313. A
climbing shrub ; young branchlets densely clothed with drab tomentum.
Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, subacute, rounded at the base, 1-3 in.
long, not rugose, green and slightly tomentose above when mature,
densely coated with drab tomentum beneath. Panicles very short and
dense, ter luinal and axillary ; peduncle and pedicels short, densely tomen-
tose. Calyx campanulate, very hairy, J in. long; teeth orbicular.
<Jorolla-tube cylindrical, pubescent, \ in. long; lobes orbicular. Stamens
not exserted.

XIKozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, Hoist,
8967 1

3. B. oreophila, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxiii. 202. A shrub, G-9 ft.
high ; branchlets tetragonal, clothed when young with yellowish woolly
hairs. Leaves distinctly petioled, lanceolate, l-o-S in. long, J-1 in.
broad, clothed when young with cinnamon-brown hairs. Panicles short,
thyrsoid, leafy to the top, terminal on short branchlets. Calyx cam-
panulate, tomentose, \ in. long ; lobes ovate, acute. Corolla pubescent,
\-}i in. long ; lobes orbicular, ^ the length of the tube.

l^ozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usagara, 6000 ft., Stuhlmann, 9101.

4. B. salvifolia, Lam. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 444. A shrub ;
branchlets, leaves, and calyx densely clothed with brown woolly tomen-
tum. Leaves subsessile, thick, lanceolate, obscurely crenate, 3-4 in.
long, rugose on the upper surface. Cymes crowded in a dense subspi-
cate terminal panicle, with large leaves from the lower nodes ; pedicels
very short ; bracts small, oblong. Calyx very small, campanulate.
Corolla \ in. long, hairy outside ; tube cylindrical ; lobes orbicular. —
Jacq. Hort. Schcenbr. i. t. 28. Lantana salvifolia^ Linn. Syst. ed. 10,
1116, not of Sp. PI.

MIozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Zoniba, 6000-7000 ft..
Kirk! Zomba Plateau, 5000 ft., Whyte ! Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft.,
Hhyte, 36.5 ! Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte ! and without precise locality,
Buchanan, 654 !

Also m Soutb Afi'ica.

Buddleia.'] lxxxvi. LOGANiACEiE (baker). 517

5. B. aurantiaco-maculata, Gilg in Enyl. Jahrb. xxx. :377. A
shrub, G-7 ft. high ; branchlets tetragonal, clothed with grey haiis whan
young. Leaves shortly petioied, lanceolate, 2-5 in. long, A in. broad,
acute, crenuiate, conspicuously and persistently auricled at the base,
glabrous and densely buUate on the upper surface, densely clothed with
grey tomentum and prominently reticulated beneath. Panicle thyreoid,
()-10 in. in diam., sparsely leafy ; cymes capitate ; pedicels very short.
Calyx villous, -^^ in. long. Corolla 4-5 times as long as the calyx,
orange-yellow, clothed inside with grey tomentum.

XMEozam'D. Dist. (ieiiuau East Africa: Langenburg ; on the Xgosi or Poroto
Mountains, in IJsafa country, 8200 ft., Guetze, 1129.

In Durand & Schinz's Etudes El. Congo, i. 3 96, the widely cultivated B. mada-
r/ascariensis. Lam., is giveu as a plant of the Lower Congo, collected by Pechuil-
Loesche.

5. USTERIA, Willd. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 7'JG.

Calyx-tube very short ; lobes 4, 3 very small, one large and foliaceous.
Corolla salver-shaped; tube long, cylindrical; lobes 4, ov^ate, valvate.
Stamens inserced at the corolla-throat opposite the large lobe of the
calyx ; filament short, filiform ; anther ovate, with parallel cells. Ovary
globose, 2-celled ; style filiform ; stigma subcapitate ; ovules axile, many
in a cell. Capsule oblong, coriaceous, septicidally 2-valved ; valves
bifid. Seeds minute, flattened, winged ; albumen sparse, fleshy ; embryo
straight. — Habit, leaves and flowers of ^trychnos.
Monotypic, endemic.

1. U. guineensis, Willd.; A. DC. Prod. ix. 22. A climbing
shrub ; stems 8-10 ft. long ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves ovate, entire,
coriaceous, glabrous, penninerved ; lower ;^-4 in. long ; petiole short ;
stipule reduced to a mere line. Cymes arranged in copious simple broad
axillary and terminal panicles ; pedicels short; bracts ovate, minute.
Produced lobe of calyx linear-oblong, ^-\ in. long. Corolla white ;
tube \ in. long ; lobes \- yV in. long. Stamens as long as the corolla-
lobes. Style exserted. — Konig & Sims, Ann. Bot. i. f>G8, t. 7, fig. 8 ;
Hook. Niger Fl., 45(1, t. 45 ; Ic. PI. t. 705. U. volubilis, Afzel. Cen. PI.
Guin. 27 with fig.

Upper Cruinea. Senegambia : Heudehf, b97 I Leprieur, Peruttet. (iauibi i,
Brown-Lester, 837! Sierra Leoue : Bunce Island, Kirk I bugarloaf Mouniain,
1000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 4025! Sauiu County, Scotl-ElHut, A2-^-6\ near Kitthom,
Scott-Elliot, 4317 ! near Kafogo, Scott-Elliot, 5197 ! an 1 without juecise locality,
Don J Afzelius. Lagos : near Liigos, Rowland / Yewa Mata, Ftinch, 75 partly !
Ebute Metta, Millen, 23 ! iton, Rowland ! Southern Nigeiia : Nun Kiver, Munn,
460!

G. STRYCHNOS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.

1)7

Calyx 4-,5-partite ; segments broad and obtuse or narrow and acute.
Corolia campanulate or salver-shaped ; lobes 4-5, valvate. Stamens 4-5,
inserted at the throat of the corolla-tube ; filaments short, filiform ;

018

LXXXVI. LOGANIACE^ (bAKER).

\_Strych

anthers ovate, with distinct parallel cells. Ovary 2-celled ; style filiform ;
stigma capitate or obscurely 2-lobed ; ovules few or many in a cell.
Fruit baccate, indehiscent, sometimes 1 -celled. Seeds many or reduced
to one or two, often immersed in pulp, compressed or if solitary
globose ; albumen usually copious ; embryo short, with folia ceous coty-
ledons and a short radicle. — Trees or shrubs, rarely spinous at the
nodes, sometimes climbers with hooked cirrhi. Leaves opposite, entire,
;3_5-nerved from the base or a little above it. Cymes compound,
axillary or terminal ; bracts minute. Flowers small, usually w^hite.

Species above 100, spread through the tropical and subtropical regions of botli
hemispheres.

*Climbing shrubs, with tendrils, without spines.

Internodes prickly . . . . . . 1. S. aculeata.

Internodes not prickly.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate.
Leave-i triplinei veil from the base .
Leaves triplinerveil irotn above the base
Leaves ovate-oblong, acuininate.

Leaves nearly 1 ft. lo..g ....

Leaves 3-6 in. long.

Leaves triplinervid from the base
Le.ives trijiliner. eil fro:n the above base
Leaves ovate, a(-uniina e .
Leaves obovate or obo\ ate-obkng.

Inflorescence thyrsuid .....

Inflorescence dense.

Leaves i-lj in. long ....

Leaves \\-6 in. long.

Leaves 3-nei vcd .....

Leaves 5-nerved .....

Leaves oblong.

Cymes sessile ......

Cymes peduncled.

Flowers comparatively large
Flowers small.
Tendrils simple.

Branchlets glabrous ....

Branchlets densely pubescent
Tendrils forked.

Fruit large, iwmiform
Fruit small, 1-seeded.

Leaves 5-iierved fiom the base

Leaves oi.scurely 3-neived

Leaves di?tinctly 3-nerved fr( m the

base . . . . . 19. aS. splendens.

Leaves distinctly 3-nt;r\ed frcm

above the base . . . 20. S. Welwifschii.

2.
3.

iS". Duiklagei.
S. cangolana.

4.

S. Kipapa.

5.
6.

7.

S Deivevrei.
S. chlorocarpa.
S. guerckeana.

8.

S. angolensis.

9.

S. zizuphoides.

10.
11.

S. Afzelii.

S. erythrocarpa.

12.

S. Barteri.

13.

S. nigrilana.

14. S. luandensis.

15. S. malacoclados.

16. S. Vogelii.

17.

18.

S. acutissima.
S. lucens.

**Erect shrubs with acute leaves, without s-pines or
tendrils.
Leaves ovate.

Leaves large .......

Leaves smaller.

21. S. chrysophylla.

Strychnos.]

LXXXVI. LOGANIACE^ (bAKER).

519

Leaves 3-nerved . .

22.

S. distichophylla.

Leaves 5-nerved.

Leaves cuneate at the base.

Seeds above 1 in. long . . . .

23.

S. Schweinfurfhii.

Seeds under 1 in. lon^

24.

S. omphalocarpa.

Leaves rounded at the base.

Corolla-tube .] lin. long

25.

S. malifoUa.

Corolla-tube ^ in. long .

26.

S. panganensis.

Leaves ovate or ovate-orbicular.

Fruit small, 3 -seeded ....

27.

S. xylophylla.

Fruit 2|-3 in. in diani., many-seeded .

28.

S. euryphylla.

Fruit 4 in. in diani,, many-seeded.

29.

S. megalocarpa.

Leaves ovate-oblong.

Fruit small, 1-2-seeded.

Leaves 3-nerved ....

30.

S. nsamharensis.

Leaves 5-nerved

31.

S. melastomatoides

Fruit large, many-seeded

32.

S. Tonga.

Leaves oblong.

Petiole i-^ in. long.

Leaves cuspidate.

Leaves 3-nerved from the base

33.

S.Jlorcbunda.

Leaves 3-nerved from above tlie base

34.

S. longecaudaia.

Leaves narrowed gradually to the point

35.

S. Moloneyi.

Petiole very sliort.

Cymes sessile.

Leaves shining

36.

S. henriguesiana.

Leaves opaque.

Leaves shortly acuminate, 3-nerved

from 8.bove the base.

Corolla-tube glabrous inside .

37.

S. demijlora.

Corolla-tube densely hairy inside

about the middle .

38.

S. St audi a.

Leaves long acuminate, 3-nerved from

the base

39.

S. ZenJceri.

Cymes peduncled.

Leaves triplinerved from the base.

Cymes axillary.

Flowers 3-5 in a cyme .

40.

S. Hoist a.

Flowers many in a cyme

41.

S. fiennensis.

Cymes axillary and terminal

42.

S. chrysocarpa.

Leaves triplinerved from above the base.

Leaves rounded at the base

43.

S. Stuhlmanni.

Leaves cuneate at the base

44.

S. heterodoxa.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate.

Cymes lateral.

Corolla-tube subcylindrical

45.

S. Marquesii.

Corolla-tube campanulate . . . .

46.

S^ptingens.

Cymes terminal

47.

S. cerasifera.

***Erect shrubs with obtuse or obscurely cuspidate
leaves, without tendrils or spines.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate.

Flowers few or solitary ....

Flowers many in pendulous cymes

Leaves oblong.

48. S. Quagua.

49. S. petidulijlora.

520

LXXXVI. LOGANIACE^ (bAKER).

[Strychnos,

Leaves \-l in. long

. 50.

S. myrtoides.

Leaves 2-3 in. long

. 51.

S. hehrensiana.

Leaves obovate or obovate-oblong euneate at the

b.iso.
Leaves small and very rigid.

Leaves shining ....

. 52.

S. Wakefieldii

Leaves opaque ....

. 53.

S. Engleri.

Leaves larger.

Leaves glabrous beneath.

Cymes many-flowered

. 54.

S. alnifolia.

Cymes few-flowered .

. 55.

S. innocua.

Leaves slightly hairy beneath

. 56.

S. Burtoni.

Leaves very hairy beneath.

Cymes sessile ....

. 57.

S. dysophylla.

Cymes shortly peduneled .

. 58.

S. tHcllnoides.

Leaves obovate, rounded at the base.

Calyx-lobes ovate ....

. 59.

S. cocculoides.

Calyx-lobes suborbicular.

Leaves 1-li in. broad .

. 60.

S. Vnguacha,

Leaves 2-3 in. broad .

. 61.

S. xerophila.

Leaves ovate.

Fruit 1-seeded . . , .

. 62.

S. hrachyura.

Frait many-seeded ....

. 63.

S. Gcetzei.

Leaves suborbicular.

Leaves glabx-ous . . .

. 64.

S. Bneltneri.

Leaves tomentose ....

. 65.

JS. Fischeri.

i

****Erect spinous shrubs without tendrils.
Leaves acute or cuspidate.
Sepals linear.

Branchlets glabrous
BrAnchlets pubescent .
Sepals lanceolate . . . .

Sepals ovate . . . . .

Leaves obtuse.

Leaves small . . . . .

Leaves larger . . . . .

Leaves emarginate with a small mucro

66. S. sansibarensis.

67. S. Carralkoi.

68. S. (jracillima.

69. s/rolkensii.

70. S. Minningasamha.

71. «S. spinas a.

72. S. emarginata.

1. S, aculeata, Solered. in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 550. A climbing shrub,
glabrous in all its parts ; stems 15-20 ft. long, armed with many minute
prickles on the long internodes, glabrous, furnished with peduneled
binate stout tendrils. Leaves oblong, acute, subcoriaceous, glabrous,
»']-6 in. long, triplinerved from the base to above the middle ; petiole very
short. Flowers many, in copiously compound axillary cymes, on short
ascending peduncles ; pedicels very short, glabrous. Calyx ~ in. long ;
segments 4, suborbicular. Corolla ^ in. long ; segments longer than the
tube. Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann, 175 ! Sierra Leone : Bagru Eiver,
Mann^ 853 !

2, S, Dinklageiy Gily in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 121. A sarmentose
shrub ; tendrils not seen ; branchlets black, acutely tetragonal. Leaves

I

Strychnos.'] lxxxvi. LOGANiACEiK (baker). 521

shortly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2-") in. long, acute,
cuneate or rounded at the base, rigidly coriaceous, shining, triplinerved
from the base. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, with densely flowered
branches ; pedicels short. Sepals round, i lin. long, Corel la- tube
rather larger than the calyx, with a ring of hairs inside at the throat ;
lobes lanceolate, acute, half as long again as the tube. Stamens
scarcely exserted. Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Liberia : Grand Bassa, Linklage, 1690.

3. S, congolanay Gily in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 120. A sarmentose
shrub ; tendrils spiral, slender, slightly hairy ; branchlets subterete,
pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong- lanceolate or lanceolate,
2-4 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, cuneate at the base, acuminate at the
apex, subcoriaceous, shining, glabrous, triplinerved from above the base.
Fruit large, with a thick pericarp, copious pulp and several seeds. —
De Wild. & Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. 1()1.

South Central' Congo Free 8tate : near Kasongo, Dewevre, 931.

4. S* Kipapa, Glk/ in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Beo'lin, ii. 25 (J.
Probably a sarmentose shrub ; internodes long ; branchlets subterete,
glabrous. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate-oblong, nearly 1 ft. long,
3-4: in. broad, very acuminate, but obtuse at the tip, narrowed to the
base, shining, glabrous, triplinerved from a little above the base.
Flowers and fruit unknown. — Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 119.

South Central. Congo Free State : Lutida ; in woods by streams, near
Mnkenge, Pogqe^ 539.

5. S. Dewevrei, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 119. A sarmentose
shrub ; tendrils woody, spiral ; internodes long ; branchlets glabrous.
Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate-oblong, 4-G in. long, 2-3 in. broad,
acuminate at the apex, rounded at the base, glabrous, subopaf|ue,
triplinerved from above the base. Flowers and fruit unknown. — De
Wild, k Durand, Reliq. Dewevr. IGl.

South Central. Congo Free State : Lukolela, Dewevre, 845.

6. S»cliloroc2ir^?i^ Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 120. A sarmentose
shrub; tendrils thick, spiral ; branchlets terete, glabrous, lenticellate.
Leaves shortly and stoutly petioled, ovate-oblong or oblong, 3-4 in. long,
cuneate at the base, acuminate at the apex, glabrous, shining, tripli-
nerved from above the base. Cymes few-flowered, apparently terminal.
Fruit globose, middle-sized, hard, green, apparently few-seeded.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius.

7. S. guerckeana, Gilg in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. C. 311. A climb-
ing shrub; tendrils forked. Leaves ovate, about 1 in. long, i-^l ni.
broad, rounded or subcordate at the base, acuminate at the apex,
glabrous, triplinerved from a little above the base. Cymes few-flowered,

^)2'2, Lxxxvi. LOGANiACE^ (baker). [Strijchnos.

terminal. Corolla unknown. Berry globose, the size of a large pea,
1-}t in. diam., 1 -seeded.

HCozamb. I>lst. German East Africa : Bagamoyo District ; Ucloe, Rossako,
SMdmann, 8053.

8. S. angolensis, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 571. A climbing
shrub; branchlets pubescent; tendrils single, hooked, stout, spiral.
Leaves obovate, oblong or suborbicular, obtuse, very coriaceous,
1-1 J in. long, distinctly 5-nerved from the base to above the
middle, glabrous ; petiole \ in. long. Flowers in copious axillary
thyrsoid panicles about 1 in, long. Calyx very small ; segments broad,
obtuse. Corolla globose in bud, with a very short tube. Style very
short. Fruit not seen. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 703.

ILower Guinea. Ans^ola : Punsro Andnnj^o ; in shady places by streams in
Barranco de Songue, Welwitsch, 4776, by the Kiver Tangue, Welwitsch, 4777, and
without precise locality, Welwitsch, 6020 !

9. S. zizyphoides. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 96, A much-
branched climbing shrub ; branchlets glabrous ; tendrils simple,
slender. Leaves obovate, subacute, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 1-1 J in.
long, distinctly triplinerved from near the base to above the middle ;
petiole very short. Flowers in copious compound axillary cymes with
short ascending peduncles. Calyx very small ; segments broad, obtuse.
Bud globose. Style very short. Fruit globose, J in. in diam., 1 -seeded ;
pericarp crustaceous.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast: without precise locality, Burton cf* Cameron!

10. S. Afzeliiy Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 572. A climbing shrub ;
branchlets glabrous ; tendrils slender, forked. Leaves shortly petioled,
obovate or obovate-oblong, 2-3 in. long, acute, cuneate at the base,
quite glabrous, smooth, shining, triplinerved from near the base.
Cymes axillary, many-flowered. Flowers 5-merous. Berry very
small, 2-seeded, yellowish when dried ; pericarp thin, hard.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone ; near the top of Sugarloaf Mountain, Scott-
JElliot, 4015 ! by the River Scarcies at Moria, Scott-Elliot, 4480 ! and without
precise locality, Afzelius !

11. S. erythrocarpa, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxiii. 199. A wide-
climbing shrub ; tendrils simple; branchlets unarmed, terete, clothed
with yellowish hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, obovate or obovate-
oblong, 5-nerved, lJ-3 in. long by half as broad, very acute, gradually
narrowed to the base, shining, glabrous, chartaceous, finally coriaceous.
Flowers in axillary many -flowered compound cymes; peduncles 1^-2
in. long ; pedicels very short. Sepals 5, nearly free, ovate, acute,
J lin. long. Corolla yellowioh, ^ in. long ; tube very short, obconic ;
lobes ovate, acute, hairy inside. Stamens much longer than the
corolla-tube. Berry red, fleshy, laterally compressed, J-| in. long.
Seeds much compressed, orange-yellow, ^-^ in. thick.

Upper Guinea. Togo, Baumann, 558.

StrychnosJ^ lxxxvi. LOGANiACEiE (baker). ')'2o

12. S. Barteri, Solered. in Kn/jl. Jahrh. xvii. 55G. A climbing
shrub, glabrous in all its paits ; tendrils in p;nis on a long peduncle.
Leaves oblong, subobtuse, '2-?) in. long, rigidl3' coriaceous, with the
lowest pair of main veins springing Irom the midrib some distance
above the base ; petiole very short. Cymes many-fiowered, globose,
axillary, sessile. Calyx very small ; segments suborbicular. Corolla
white, fragrant, \ in. long; segments linear-oblong, longer than the
tube. Filaments longer than the anthers. Fruit globose, 1 in. in diam.
— Oiiv. in Hook. Ic. Pi. t. 2284.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : ne.ir Madina in Limba country, Scott-Elliot,
55691 5S59! Southern Nigeria : Onitsa ; Barter, 124:1 \ 1759!

lo. S. nigritana. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 97. A climbing
shrub; branchlets slender, glabrous; tendrils in peduncled pairs.
Leaves oblong, acute, glossy, coriaceous, glabrous, 3—4 in. long, tri-
plinerved from the base to above the middle ; petiole ^-h in. long.
Flowers few, in axillary shortly-peduncled cymes ; pedicels short,
glabrous. Calyx \ in. long ; segments 4, ovate, obtuse, much imbri-
cated. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx, very hairy at the throat;
lobes ovate, spreading, shorter than the tube. Style long. Fruit not
seen.

Upper Guinea. Dahomey : Little Popo, cultivated specimen, Cole ! Logos :
Kppah, Barter, 3249 ! Lagos Island, Barter, 2232 ! Nupe, Barter !

14. S. loandensis, Baker in Keiv Bulletin, 1895, 97. A climbing
shrub ; branchlets glabrous ; tendrils simple, lateral. Leaves oblong,
acute, obscurely triplinerved, 1 in. long ; petiole very short. Cymes
axillary, few-flowered, sessile; pedicels very short. Calyx yV in. long;
segments broad, obtuse. Corolla globose in bud ; tube very short.
Fruit not seen.— aS'. Wehoitschii, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 703
partly.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Loantla, Welwitsc?i, 6016 !

15. S. malacoclados, C. II. Wright. A climbing shrub; branch-
lets densely pubescent ; tendrils simple, thickened in the upper part.
Leaves oblong, acuminate, rounded at the base, up to 3 by 1^ in.,
pubescent on the underside of the chief nerves, glabrous elsewhere ;
lateral nerves 2 arising near the base, faint, 2 from 2 lin. above the
base, strong and continued nearly to the apex of the leaf ; petiole 2 lin.
long, pubescent. Cymes axillary, 10-20-flowered. Calyx small ; lobes
4, ovate, acute, ciliate. Corolla 1 lin. long, divided nearly to the base ;
lobes 4, ovate, subacute, sparingly hairy outside, more densely so in the
upper half inside. Stamens inserted near the base of and J as long as
the corolla ; anthers half as long as the filaments. Fruit unknown.

X.ower Guinea. Gaboon : in wet bush, Coino liiver, 60 miles fiom (iaboon.
Bates, 502 !

IG. S. Vogelii, Baker i,i Kew BaUetin, 1895, 96. A climbing
shrub; branchlets slender, glabrous; tendrils in peduncled pairs.

^24 Lxxxvi. LOGAxiACEiE (baker). [Strijchios.

Leaves oblong, acute or subacute, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 3-4 in. long,
triplinerved from near the base to above the middle ; petiole very
short. Flowers in axillary cymes on short thick peduncles. Calyx
minute; segments suborbicular. Corolla not seen. " Fruit fusiform,
glaucescent (Fo^e^)." IStrychnos sp., Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 458.
Upper Guiaea. Nigeria: Attah on the iuver C^uorra (Niger), Vogel, 49 !

17. S. acutissima, Gihj in Knyl. Jahrb. xxiii. 200. A climbing
shrub, glabrous in all its parts, except the inflorescence ; tendrils forked ;
branchiets unarmed, subtetragonal, blackish. Leaves shortly petioled,
ovate or oblong, li-o in. long, acuminate, rounded at the base, sub-
coriaceous, shining, 5-nerved from the base. Cymes short, axillary ;
peduncles short, slightly pilose. Flowers unknown. Berry globose,
J in. in diam., 1 -seeded.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzeiitis.

18. S. lucens. Baker in KeAo Bulletin, 1895, 1)7. A climbing
shrub, glabrous in all its parts ; tendrils binate at the end of leafy
branchiets. Leaves oblong, shiny, coriaceous, obscurely triplinerved,
l-i-2 in. long, rounded at the base, narrowed to an obtuse point ;
petiole very short. Cymes lateral, shortly peduncled, few-flowered.
Calyx very small ; segments broad, obtuse. Corolla not seen. Fruit
orbicular, 1 -seeded, the size of a pea. — S. Wehvitschii, Hiern in Cat.
Afr. PI. VVelw. i. 708, partly.

Ziower Guiiaea. Angola : Loanda ; by thickets in dry hilly places, Wei-
ivitscfi, 6015 !

11). S. splendens, Gily in Emjl Jahrb. xvii. 571. A climbing
shrub, with tendrils ; branchiets terete, blackish. Leaves shortly
petioled, ovate or ovate-oblong, rounded or subcuneate at the base, 3-4
in. long, lh-2 in. broad, subcoriaceous, glabrous, shining on the upper
surface. Cymes axillary, distinctly peduncled, many-flowered. Flowers
5-merous. Berry small, 1 -seeded, greenish-yellow when dried. Seed*
much compressed, i in. long.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near liayabaya, on the Hiver Scarcies, Scott-
Miiot^ 4292 ! and without precise locality, Afzeliiis !

20. S. "Weiwitschii, Gi'lg in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 57 o. A climbing
shrub, glabrous in all its parts; branchiets leafy, ending in forked
tendrils. Leaves oblong, acute, glabrous, obscurely triplinerved, 1-2
in. long ; petiole very short. Cymes lateral, few-flowered. Calyx
campanulate, yV in. in diam. ; segments broad, obtuse. Corolla ^ in.
long ; tube cylindrical, twice as long as the calyx ; segments ovate, half
as long as the tube. Style long. Fruit globose, J— J in. in diam.,
1-seeded. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 708, partly. >y. subscandens,
Baker in Kew Bulletin, 181)5, 9G.

Xiower Guinea. Angola: Loanda; at J^oanda, Wei loitsck, 6017 I hilly rocky
places near Quiciixe, Welivitsch, 6018 !

Strychnos.'] lxxxvi, loganiace^ (baker). 525

S. microcarpa. Baker (I.e. 97), appears to bo a form of the same species witliout
tendrils; it was collected in the province of Loanda by Wehvitsch (4765).

2x. S. chrysophylla, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. ]19. A slirub
without tendrils ; branches yellowish, glabrous, unequally tetragonal.
Leaves shortly and stoutly petioled, ovate or ovate-oblong, 0-8 in. long,
narrowed to the base, conspicuously acuminate at the apex, glabrous,
shining, triplinerved from the base. Flowers and fruit unknown.
ITpper Guinea. Cameroons : Kbea Falls, Dinklage, 221.

22 S, distichophylla, Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. (\ ?Ai). A
small tree ; young branchlets pubescent. Leaves ovate, subcoriaceous,
distichous, 1-1 J in- long, |-| in. broad, rounded at the base, gradually
narrowed to an acute point, triplinerved. Flowers in very compound
cymes at the end of the branchlets. Calyx and corolla unknown.
Berry oblong, orange-yellow, \ in. long, 1 -seeded.

Mozamb. Hist. German East Africa : Uzinja ; Ivimoani V\a.fe2i\\, Stiihhnann,
3397.

23, S* Schweinfurthii, Gilg hi Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 50S. Leaves
distichous, ovate, acute, cuoeate at the base, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, greenish-yellow when dried, o-nerved from the
base ; petiole \-\ in. long. Flowers apparently in terminal cymes.
Fruit large, subglobose ; pericarp woody, green, with greenish -yellow
blotches. Seeds much compressed, above 1 in. long.

Soutli Ceixtral,. Congo Free State : Monbuttu ; near Munza's village,
Schtveiufurth, 3509.

24, S^ omphalocarpa, Gik/ <£• Busse in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii. 181.
A tree, 25-30 ft. high ; branchlets pendulous, greyish-white, glabrous.
Leaves shortly petioled, ovate or ovate-oblong or obovate-oblong, 1 1-'2\
in. long, shortly and broadly acuminate, narrowed to tlie base, 5-nerved,
coriaceous, glabrous, shining on the upper surfaxie. Flowers unknown.
Fruit globose, 4 in. in diam., narrowed to a short stout stipe ; pericarp
very thick, bony ; pulp bitter. Seeds 10-2(1, orbicular, much compressed,
under 1 in. long.

IVEoxamb. 3C»ist. German East Africa: Useguba; near Kwa ]\rdot", Busse,
322.

25, S, malifoHa, Baker. An erect shrub; branchlets slender,
glabrous. Leaves thin but firm, ovate, acute, glabrous, 1 i-2 in. long,
finely 5-nerved from the base to above the middle, broadly rounded at
the base ; petiole short, very slender. Cymes copious, spreading, few-
flowered, produced from leafless nodes; peduncles very short; pedicels
as long as the calyx. Calyx-segments ovate, obtuse, h lin. long. Corolla-
tube funnel-shaped, \ in. long; throat very hairy; segments small,
ovate. Style long, exserted. Fruit not seen.

]bower Cuinea. Angola: Amhv\z, Mont eiro !

r)2(; Lxxxvi. LOGAXiACE^ (baker). [^Slvychnos.

2G. S. panganensis, Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 311. An
erect shrub or small tree ; branchlets persistently grey-velvety. Leaves
ovate, very acute, rounded at the base, 1-1 J in. long, -|-| in. broad,
subcoriaceous, shining and gl^^brous above, velvety on the ribs beneath,
5-nerved from the base ; petiole yV in. long. Flowers many, in crowded
terminal cymes ; pedicels \-\ in. long. Calyx-segments ovate. Corolla-
tube very short (J lin. long) ; lobes ovate, ^-J in. long, with long hairs,
at the base. Fruit unknown.

XMCozaxnb. I>ist. German East Africa : Pangani, Muhang^o, Stuhlmann, i. 596.

27. S. xylophylla, Gilg in Kn,gl. Jahrb. xxviii. 122. An erect
shrub ; branchlets yellowish, acutely tetragonal. Leaves shortly
petioled, ovate or round-ovate, 2-4 in. long, lJ-3 in. broad, usually
cuneate (rarely rounded) at the base, cuspidate at the apex, very rigid,
shining, ^j-nerved from the base. Inflorescence an axillary panicle with .
long branches ; pedicels short. Sepals 5, round, very small. Corolla
unknown. Fruit small, 3-seeded : pericarp thin ; pulp scanty.

XWozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usaramo ; Kikulu, Stuhlmann,
G853.

28. S. euryphylla, Gilg d- Busse in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii. 179. A
small tree, 25 ft. high ; branchlets yellowish, glabrous. Leaves dis-
tinctly petioled, broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, 2-4 in. long by nearly
as broad, shortly acuminate, 7-nerved, shining on the upper surface,
obscurely pilose on the ribs beneath. Flowers unknown. Fruit snb-
pyriform, 2J-3|^ in. in diam. ; pericarp thick. Seeds numerous, ovoid,
compressed, above | in. long.

IMEozamb. 3>ist. German East Africa : Ulnguru ; near Kiroka, and Usagara ;.
nciir Kilussa, Busse, 146, 174, 1263.

21). S. megalocarpa, Gilg I- Busse in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii. 180.
A small tree, 20ft. high; bark brownish-yellow; branchlets glabrous,
yellowish- white. Leaves ovate, acuminate, 2 in, long by half as broad
before they are fully developed, cuneate at the base, glabrous on both
surfaces, 5-Eerved, Flowers unknown. Fruit globose, 4-5 in. in diam.;
pericarp thick, woody; pulp copious. Seeds 50-100, oblong, much com-
pressed, 1 in. long.

XMEozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Useguha ; near Kwa Sulanga, Busse,
323.

30. S. usambarensis, Gilg in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 311. A
shrub, 7-8 yards high ; branchlets glabrous, w4th neither spines nor
tendrils. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous, rigidly cori-
aceous, li-2 in. long by half as broad, triplinerved from above the base ;
petiole very short. Cymes axillary, shortly peduncled ; bracts minute,,
ovate. Flowers unknown. Berry small, oblong, 1-seeded, shortly
stipitate.

iStrT/chnos.] lxxxvi. loganiace.*: (baker). 527

IMEozamb. Dlst. (Terinan East Africa : Usamhara ; Masheua, IGOO ft.,
Hoht, 3582 !

ol. S. xnelastoxnatoides, Gilc/ in Enyl. Jahrh. xxiii. i^oi. A
shrub without tendrils, quite glabrous in all its parts. Leaves (Jistinctly
petioled, oblong or ovate-oblong, 4-7 in. long, \l-'.\ in. broad, acuminate,
rounded at the base, coriaceous, shining on the upper surface, opa(|ue
beneath, 5-nerved. Cymes short, axillary ; peduncle },~l in. long.
Flowers unknown. Berry subglobose, about 1 in. long. Seeds 1 or
perhaps 2, orange-yellow, much compressed, ^-| in. long, convex on one
side, concave on the other.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius.

32. S. Tonga, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 575. An erect tree, with
branchlets clothed with brown tomentum. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong,
acute, 2i-3 in. long, narrowed to the base, rigidly coriaceous, brown-
tomentose on both sides, triplinerved from above the base ; petiole
yV-J in. long. Flowers apparently in terminal cymes. Fruit globose,
many-seeded, oi-i in. diam., with a thick bony pericarp. 8eeds
oblique ovoid, | in. long, imbedded in copious pulp. — Notizbl. Konigl.
Bot. Gart. Berlin, ii. 255.

Mozainl). Blst. German East Africa: Pangani, Stuhlmann. Portuguese
East Africa : Quiliinane, Stuhlmann, 103y.

33. S. floribunda, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. h^^. An erect
shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves oblong, subcoriaceous, dis-
tinctly cuspidate, 2-3 in. long, distinctly triplinerved from the base to
above the middle ; petiole \ in. long. Cymes copious, axillary, many-
flowered, subsessile or shortly peduncled ; pedicels 2-3 times the length
of the calyx. Calyx \ lin. long ; segments ovate, much imbricate.
Corolla \ in. long ; segments oblong, as long as the tube. Fruit not
seen.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State: Monbuttu : by the Kiijiili (Kappil\)
lUver, Sehweinfurth^ 3558 !

The inflorescence much resembles that of .S. malifolia. Baker.

34. S. longecaudata, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 570. A shrub,
glabrous in all its parts ; branchlets slender. Leaves oblong, acute,
subcoriaceous, 3-4 in. long, distinctly triplinerved from near the ba,se
to above the middle; petiole \-\ in. long. Cymes axillary, very com-
pound, distinctly peduncled ; pedicels short. Calyx smaH, broadly c.am-
panulate ; segments orbicular. Corolla-bud globose ; tube very short.
Style very short. Fruit not seen.

Soutli Central. Congo Free State: Monbuttu; in woods by a stream near
Bongwa's village, Schioeinfurth.

35. S. Moloneyi, Baker in Keio Bulleiin, 1S1)5, 97. A shrub,
glabrous in all its parts; branchlets slender. Leaves oblong, a^^ute,
rigidly coriaceous, glabrous, 3-4 in. long, triplinerved from near the

:rJH Lxxxvi. LOGANiACEiE (baker). [Strychnos.

base to above the middle ; petiole J- in. long. Cymes many, lateral,
shortly peduncled. Calyx-lobes short, broad. Corolla not seen. Fruit
globose, 1-seeded, J— i in. in diam.

Upper IS-uinea. Sierra Leone: near Berrin, Scott- Ellioi, 5-131! Gold
Coast : Accra, Molonei/ ! SoiiLlieru Nigeria : Onitsa, Barter, 1813 !

36. S. henriquesiaaa. Baker in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xi. 8G. A small
tree ; branchiets pubescent. Leaves oblong, nearly sessile, glabrous
and glossy on both sides, subcoiiaceous, tripiinerved from above the
base, cuneate at the base, rounded and minutely mucronate at the
apex. Cymes dense, sessile, axillary, many-fiowered ; pedicels very
short, pubescent. Calyx i in. long ; lobes suborbicular, glabrous,
ciliate on the margin. Corolla-tube a little longer than the calyx ;
lobes lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube. Style ^ in. long. Fruit
not seen.

^o'wer 4i»umea. Angola : Malange, Marques, 13 !

?)1. S. densiflora, i?rti^^. Adans. xii. 369. A shrub; branchlets
glabrous. Leaves oblong, acuminate, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 4-0 in.
long, distinctly tripiinerved from near the base to above the middle ;
petiole very short. Cymes dense, many-fiowered, sessile in the axils of
the leaves ; pedicels short, glabrous. Calyx yV in. long ; segments
orbicular, much imbricated. Corolla yellowish, fragrant, \ in. long,
hairy in the throat ; tube glabrous inside ; segments ovate, half as long
as the cylindrical tube. Style long. Fruit not seen. — S. suaveolens,
Cilg in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 5GG.

Upper Cruiaea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 861 !

Soutii Central. Congo Free State : Monbuttu ; banks of the Gadda River,
Schweinfurth, 3597 !

The Ordeal tree of the Gaboon, mentioned in Du Chaillu's Travels, ed. 2, 256
8. Icaja, Baill. in Adans. xii. 368 (Native name Mboundon), judging from a specimen
given by the late I). Hanbury, F.R.S., to the Pharmaceutical Society, which was
received by him from Mr. R. B. Walker in October, 1865, does not differ from this
materially in habit and leaf. Its tiowers and fruit are unknown.

38. S. Staudtii, Gilg in JSfotizhl. Konigl. Bot. Gart: Berlin, i.
182. An erect unarmed shrub : branches glabrous. Leaves oblong,
acuminate, subacute at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, 3-nerved from
above the base, 5 in. long, '2h in. broad; petiole 3 lin. long. Cymes
axillary, 1^- in. long, many-tiowered ; branches and pedicels puberulous;
bracts boat-shaped, acute ; bracteoles 2, a short distance below the
calyx, suborbicular. Calyx 5-partite, pubescent outside, 1 lin. long ;
lobes rotundate. Corolla thick, glabrous outside, with a hairy ring in
the throat and another in the middle of the tube ; tube narrowly cam-
panulate, 3 lin. long; lobes 5, 2 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute,
slightly hooded at the apex. Stamens inserted in the corolla-throat ;
filaments very short ; anthers oblong, 1 lin. long. Ovary ovoid,
glabrous ; style subulate, slightly exserted ; stigma subcapitate.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Johann-Albrechtsholie, Siaudt, 616 !

Sir.ychnos.'] lxxxvi. loganiace.e (baker). 529

39. S. Zenkeri, (?% J/xS'aS'. An erect shrub ; branches <j;labrous ;
bark yellowish. Leaves oblong, up to 4^ by 1| in., acuminate into a
point 0-9 lin.long, cuneate at the base, quite glabrous on both surfaces,
3-nerved from the base nearly to the apex, also with a more slender
nerve near each margin ; petiole 1 lin. long, rugulose. Cymes axillary,
sessile, about 15-flovvered. Calyx 1 lin. long; lobes rounded, ciliate.
Corolla glabrous outside, densely bearded in the throat ; tube 1 h lin.
long, cylindrical ; lobes 5, slightly shorter than the tube, oblong- ovate.
Stamens inserted in the corolla-throat ; filaments very short ; anthers
oblong, nearly 1 lin. long. Ovary globose, glabrous ; style cylindrical,
pilose ; stigma truncate.

upper (ruinea. Cameroons : Bipiude, Zenker^ 2436 !

40. S. H'oistii, Gilg in Engl. PH. Ost-Afr. C. 810. A shrub or
small tree; branchlets sub-quadrangular, whitish, glabrous. Leaves
oblong, 1-2 in. long by about half as broad, quite glabrous, acute,
narrowed to the base, coriaceous or sabcoriaceous, triplinerved from the
base, shortly petioled. Cymes short, axillary, 3-o-flowered. C.ilyx-
segments 5, ovate. Corolla unknown. Berry globose, the size (»f a
small cherry, 1 -seeded, orange-yellow when dry.

IM£ozaml>. Sist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Maslicua, Hoist, SS33.V.

41. S, sennensis, Baker in Ken: Bulletin, 1895, 97. A much-
branched shrub, glabrous in all its parts; branchlets slender, tetragonal.
Leaves ovate-oblong, subcoriaceous, acute, 2-3 in. long, narrowed
gradually from the middle to both ends and distinctly triplinerved from
near the base to above the middle, nearly sessile. Cymes axillary,
many-fiowered, on short ascending peduncles. Calyx very small ;
segments broad, obtuse. Corolla and fruit not seen.

IVsiozaizilD. llist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; opposite Si una.
Kirk !

42. S. clirysocarpa. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 98. A shrub,
glabrous in all its parts ; branchlets slender. Leaves oblong, acute,
rigidly coriaceous, 2-3 in. long, distinctly triplinerved from near the
base to above the middle ; petiole very short. Cymes terminal and
axillary; peduncle very short. Calyx-segments short, broad. L'orolla
not seen. Fruit globose, orange-yellow, lA-2 in. in diam., niany-
seeded.

Upper G-uinea. Sierra Leone : by a stream near Wilberforce, 2k)0 ft.,
Johnston ! Gold Coast, Burton Sf Cameron !

43. S. Stuhimanni, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 570. An erect
shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves oblong, acute, moderately lirm,
4-5 in. long, 3-nerved from above the base, with the 2 main side nerves
springing from the midrib some distance above the base ; petiole very
short. Peduncles short, lateral. Calyx-segments 5, very small, obtuse.
Corolla not seen. Fruit globose, 1 -seeded, J in. diam., blackish-purple
when ripe.

530 Lxxxvi. LOGAXiACE.E (baker). [Strychnos.

nXozaxnb. Sist. German East Africa : Miiansa (Mwaiiza), on Luke Victoria
at Sniitli Sounti, Stuhhnann, 4178. Portuguese Eas^t Africa: Lower Zambesi j.
oi)i)Ositc Sliiraniba, Kirlc! Shupanga, Kirk !

44. S. heterodoxa, Gily in En<jl. Jahrh. xxviii. 118. A shrub,.
3-4 yards liigh, without spines or tendrils. Leaves shortly petioled,
oblong or obovate-oblong, 3-4 in. long, very acute, narrowed to the
base, triplinerved from above the base, glabrous. Cymes axillary,
peduncled, 7-ir)-flowered; pedicels yV-yo ii^-^ong. Sepals under 1 lin.
long. Corolla \ in. long; tube cylindrical, twice as long as the ovate
subacute lobes, green inside, with a crown of dense hairs above the
throat. Anthers subsessile at the throat of the corolla-tube. Fruit
unknown. — Merker in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 196.

IMCozaznb. Bist. German East Africa: Uhehe; Mukinde Steppe, 4900ft.,.
Goeize, 519 !

45. S. Marque sii, ^a^e?'. A shrub, perhaps a climber, glabrous in
all its i^arts. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed
to a shoi't petiole, very acuminate, 2^-o in. long, subcoriaceous, rather
shining on both sides, triplinerved from a little above the base. Flowers
in solitary or fasicled axillary cymes. Calyx very small (scarcely ^ iin.
long) ; segments deltoid, acute. Corolla-tube subcylindical, 1 in. long,
bearded at the throat; lobes ovate, J the length of the tube. Fruit
unknown. — S. henriqiiesiana, Gilg in Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin,,
i. 75, not of Baker.

Ziower Guinea. Congo, Free State: Lunda; in valleys along the River
Luachim, Marques, 273.

40. S. pungens, Solered. in Emjl. <L- Prantl, PJlanzeiifam. iv. ii.
40. A shrub, glabrous in all its parts ; branchlets stout ; internodes
short. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong^ very thick and rigid, 2-3 in. long,
tipped with a pungent mucro, distinctly triplinerved from the base to
apex ; petiole very short. Cymes copious, sessile from the nodes
below the leaves, dense ; pedicels very short. Calyx J in. long ; lobes
ovate. Corolla twice as long as the calyx ; tube campanulate ; segments
ovate. Style very short. Fruit globose, 4 in. in diam. — Engl. Jahrb.
xvii. 554; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl.Welw. i. 704; Busse, Gilg & Pilger
in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 176. S. occidentalis, Solered. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. \\. ii. 40.

IMCozamb Bist. German East Africa : Salanda, jFtsc^er, 374 ! Gondii, B ohm,
143, Tahora, S/nlilmanu, 583, and Uyui, Stnhlmann (ex Solereder), East LTngoni,.
Busse, 733.

IiO'wer Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; Monino forests, WelwitscJi, 4778 ! Malange,,
JBnchner, 29 (ex Solereder).

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Lunda ; Mussumba, Fogge, 375 (ex
Solereder).

Also in Soutb Africa.

Stri/chnos.] lxxxvi. LooANiACEyE (baker). 531

47. S. cerasifera, GiUj in Engl Pji. Ost-Afr. C. 311. An erect
shrub or small tree ; young br.xnchlets tomentose. Leaves decussate,
oblong-lanceolate, opaqne, narrowed from the middle equally to the base
and apex, ll-2 in. long, A-§ in. broad, (^uite glabrous, 3-r)-nerved from
the base; petiole J in. long. Cymes terminal, 3-5-flowered. Berries
reddish-brown, globose, the size of a large cherry, 1 -seeded.

IKozamb. Dist. German East Africa, Stuhlmann, 6089.

48. S. Quaqua, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 567. An erect shrub,
25 ft. high ; branchlets clothed with dense yellowish pubescence. Leaves
obovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the apex, giadually
narrowed to the base, 4-5 in. long, li-2 in. broad, coriaceous, shining
and glabrous above, slightly pubescent on the ribs, densely velvety
beneath, 5-nerved ; petiole l-{ in. long. Flowers solitary or few,
fasicled in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels i-l in. long. Fruit large,
globose. Seeds nearly 1 in. long, imbedded in pulp. — Busse, Gilg k
Pilger in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 17G.

nXozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Unguru (Nguru) ; r.ear Kwediboina,
Btisse, 313 (ex Bnsse c^- Gilg). Portuguese East Africa: Quilimaue, Stuhlmann, i»
1041 (ex Gilg).

49. S. penduliflora. Baker. An erect shrub; branchlets pubes-
cent. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, about 2 in. long,
-J-| in. broad at the middle, subcoriaceous, narrowed to the base, tripli-
nerved from the base ; petiole J in. long. Cymes many-flowered,
lateral, pendulous, distinctly peduncled ; bracts ovate ; pedicels pubes-
cent, as long as the calyx. Calyx yV in. long ; segments orbicular.
Corolla-tube longer than the calyx, funnel-shaped ; segments oblong,
half as long as the tube. Fruit unknown.

Wile Iiand. Jur : Wau, Schiceinfiirth, 1072 !

50. S. myrtoides, Gilg d- Busse in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii. 1 78, u-ith
woodcut. A densely-branched erect shrub, 15-20 ft. high; branchlets
clothed with yellowish-white hairs. Leaves sessile, oblong, ]-A in.
long, obtuse, cuneate at the base, triplinerved from the base, shining,
pilose on the margin and ribs of both surfaces. Cymes terminal, 1-3-
flowered ; peduncles and pedicels very short. Calyx i lin. long ; lobes
broadly ovate, subacute, ciliate. Corolla scarcely twice as long as
the calyx, hairy at the throat inside ; lobes ovate, acute, as long as the
tube. Fruit unknown.

IMCozamb. Bist. German Enst Africa: Usngara ? near Nymigao, on the
northern edge of the Mpatila Plateau, Busse, 1108.

51. S. behrensiana, Gilg <(• Busse in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii. 175.
An erect unarmed shrub, 15-25 ft. high ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves
shortly petioled, oblong or ovate-oblong, 2-3 in. long, about 1 in. broad,
rigidly coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, 5-nerved. Cymes axillary ;
pedicels ^V in. long ; peduncles twice as long as the pedicels. Corolla

532 Lxxxvi. LOGANiACE>E (baker). [^Stvychnos,

-J. in. long. Fruit globose, glabrous, 3-4 in. in diam. Seeds 25-30. —
/S'. Unguacha, var. mic7'antha, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 563.

nKozamb. Btst. German East Africa : Usnramo; between Msengi and Mafisi,
JBus.se, 114, Dar-es-.Salaam, Stuhlmann, 35, Bv.sse^ 15 ; Usambara ; Pangani, Stuhl-
mann, 7G ; Usayara ; Kilossa, Bruchhausen, 19.

52. S, "Wake^eldii, Baker in Kew Bidletin, 1895, 98. A much-
branched erect shrub ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves obovate-oblong,
very rigid, glabrous, obtuse, l-l-J in. long, cuneate at the base, tripli-
nerved from above the base to above the middle ; petiole very short.
Cymes lateral, few-flowered ; peduncles and pedicels very short. Calyx
campanulate, yg in. long ; segments 4, suborbicular. Corolla and fruit
not seen. Style short.

Iffile I^.and. IJritisli East Africa; Mombasa, WaTcefield !

53. S. Engleri, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 568. An erect tree,
20-80 ft. high ; branchlets glabrous, unarmed. Leaves oblong or
obovate-oblong, subacute or subobtuse, 2 in. long, about 1 in. broad,
cuneate at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, 5-nerved from above the base ;
petiole J-J in. long. Flowers 4-merous, solitary or few together in the
axils of the leaves. Calyx yV in. long ; segments suborbicular. Fruit
globose, 1 in. in diam. Seeds 5-10, oblong, yellow, h in. long. — Busse,
Gilg ifc Pilger in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 177.

XMEozamb. ]Dist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Nyika JStoppe, Hoist,
2420, AmUnn, Hoist, 2711! Usuramo ; Kagamoyo, Stv.hhna7in,S,2QQ. Useguha;
near Kwa Mdoe, Busse, 321.

54. S, alnifolia, Baker in Keio Bulletin, 1895, 150. An erect
shrub, without spines or tendrils ; young branchlets hairy. Leaves
very shortly petioled, obovate-oblong, obtuse, subcoriaceous, glabrous,
narrowed to the base, triplinerved from the base, 2-2^ in. long, about
1 in. broad. Cymes copious, axillary, many-flowered ; pedicels hairy,
sometimes longer than the calyx. Calyx campanulate, ~ in. long ;
tube very short ; lobes orbicular, much imbricate, conspicuously ciliate.
Corolla three times the length of the calyx ; tube not longer than the
calyx ; lobes oblong, twice as long as the tube. Anthers linear, -^^ in.
long. Fruit unknown. Style long.

Upper Guiuea. Interior of Western Lagos, Eowland !

IVXozamb. SSist. Portuguese East Africa: Zambesi Delta; Kongoni River,

Kirk !

55. S, innocua, Delile ; A. DC. Prod. ix. 17. An erect
tree; branchlets pallid, glabrous. Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong,
obtuse or subacute, subcoriaceous, 2-4 in. long, narrowed to the
base, glabrous, or slightly pubescent beneath, with 3 nerves from
the base and two strong ones arising from the midrib a short
space above it ; petiole very short. Cymes few-flowered, lateral, shortly
peduncled ; pedicels very short. Calyx campanulate, yV in. long ;

Strychnos.] lxxxvi. LOGANiACE.f: (baker). 533

lobes suborbicuiar. Corolla \ in. long ; tube longer tlian the calyx^
hairy at the throat ; lobes ovate. Style long. Fruit globose, 1 in. iii^
diam. ; pericarp very thick, rigid. — Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 18:3.
aS'. Unyuacha, var. Steudneri, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 5Go.

Wile Xiand. Xubia, Caillaud. (xalabnt : region of Matamma, Schiueinfnrth,
1660! Bongo: Gir, ^chiceinfurth, 1412! iifar Addai, ^Schweitifur///, 14.32!

56. S. Burtoni, BakeQ^ in Keiv Bulletin, 1895, 0«. An erect
shrub ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves ovate, obtuse, subcoriaceous,
glabrous, o— i in. long, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base,
triplinerved above the middle; petiole very short. Cymes many-
flowered, dense, lateral, nearly or quite sessile ; pedicels very short.
Calyx ^\ in. long ; lobes orbicular. Corolla seen only in an immature
state. Fruit globose, 24-8 in. in diam., with edible pulp and large
orbicular flattened seeds that are roasted and eaten.

XHozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Zanguebar, 300 ft., Kirk, 96 ! Por-
tuguese Ease Africa : Lower Zambesi j Sliupanga, Kirk, 368 ! Valley of the River
Shire, fValler /

57. S. dysophylla, Benth. in Jour n. Linn. Soc. i. 103. An erect
shrub ; branchlets • thick, woody. Leaves obovate, obtuse, rigidly
coriaceous, l-j-2J in. long, pubescent, all over beneath, .')-nerved ;
petiole very short. Cymes dense, lateral, sessile ; pedicels very short.
Calyx campanulate, J^ in. long ; lobes broad, obtuse. Corolla
J in. long ; tube cylindrical, twice as long as the calyx ; segments
oblong. Fruit black, edible. — aS'. randicEformis, Baill. in Bull. Soc.
Linn. Paris, i. 240. ,6'. Unguacha, var. 'dysojihylla, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb.
xvii. 5G4.

IVKozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Tete, Kirk ! British Central
Africa: Xvasaland ; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 478! and without precise
locality, Buchanan, 93!

58. S. triclisioides, Baker in Kevj Bulletin^ 1805, 98. An erect
shrub, 8-14 ft. high ; branchlets pallid, pubescent. Leaves obovate-
oblong, obtuse, rigidly coriaceous, 2-3 in. long, deltoid at the base,,
pubescent beneath, with 3 ribs arising from the base, and two strong
ones from the midrib a little above it ; petiole very Srhort. Cymes
lateral, few-flowered, shortly peduncled ; pedicels very short. Calyx
campanulate, ~^^ in. long; lobes orbicular. Corolla yellow, \ in. long ;
tube cylindrical, longer than the calyx; lobes ovate. Style long.
Fruit 1-J in. in diam. ; pericarp very thick, rigid. Seeds poisoninis, \ in.
in diam. — 8. innocua, var. pubescens, Solered. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii.
556.

Upper Guinea. Niger Territory: Nnpe, on hill siiirs, Borft-r, 1160!
Lukuja, near the continence ot the Niger and Iknue Kivi rs, I)alton .'

50. S. cocculoides, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1805, 0«. An erect
shrub or low tree 10-15 ft. high ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves
suborbicuiar or oblong, obtuse, 2-3 in. long, distinctly 5 nerved from

VOL. IV. s

r)34 Lxxxvi. LOGANiACE.E (baker). [^Strychnos.

the base to above the middle, pubescent on the back; petiole very
short. Cymes lateral. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, liair-y. Corolla not
«een. Fruit globose, -J in, diam. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i.
704.

Itower Guinea. Anfrola : Huilla ; in fm-cst about Lopollo, towards tLc River
Monino, WelwUsch,A^1^\ 4780, and fruit, 744.

iS, deV-lndtiaria^ Gilg in Notizbl. Konio^l. Rot. Gart. Rei'lin, ii. 258, is stated to be
very closely allied to S. cocculoides. It is described tlius : a tree 10-19 ft. high; bark
black, thin, sliglitly pai)iliose-riigose ; fruit nearly destitute of pulp, very poisonous ;
seeds numerous, densely p icked. Angola : Huilla, in woods at 5500-5900 ft.,
JDeUndt. 1033.

CO. S. Ungiiacha, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 52, t. 78. An
erect tree ; branchlets pallid, glabrous. Leaves oblong, obtuse, subcori-
aceous. 2-3 in. long, distinctly triplinerved from above the base to above
the middle, glabrous ; petiole very short. Cymes many-flowered, lateral,
sessile ; pedicels sometimes as long as the calyx, pubescent. Calyx yV
in. long; segments orbicular, much imbricate. Corolla |- in. long;
tube longer than the calyx ; segments orbicular. Style longer than the
ovary. Fruit globose, 2-2^ in. in diam. Seeds 15-20, ^ in. long. —
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 103. Unguacha Siniiarum, Hochst. in
Flora, 1844,103.

BTile X>an<l. AbyssiuJa : in low-laying places towards the River Tacazze ;
TieBv Jelajeraune, Schimper, 1817 !

Gilg, in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 564-5, describes three varieties {miorocarpa, grandi-
Jolia, and dschxirica) of which we have no aiitlienticated specimens, and in Engl.
Jalirb. xxx. 374, var. polyantha, from near Kanada village, Unyika, German East
Africa, 4900 ft., Goetze. 1436.

61. S. xerophila. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 180."), 08. An erect
shrub: branchlets pallid, pubescent. Leaves ovate or oblong, cori-
aceous, pubescent beneath, 3-4 in. long, obtuse or em_arginate, strongly
6-nerved from near the base. Cymes lateral, sessile, few-flowered ;
pedicels very short. Calyx |^ in. long; lobes orbicular. Corolla J in.
long ; tube cylindrical, longer than the calyx ; lobes oblong, half as long
as the tube. Fruit as large as an orange, edible, full of pulp. — S. Ungu-
acha, var. grandifolia, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 504.

Wile Xfand. Jur : Kurshook All's Seriba, Sckiveinfni'th, 1719 ! Madi,
SpeJce Sc Grant !

02, S. brachyiira, Gilg in Engl. JaJirh. xxviii, 119. An erect
shrub, without tendrils. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate or ovate-oblong,
4-8 in. long, rounded at the base, rounded to a cuspidate apex, gla-
brous, shining, triplinerved from the base. Inflorescence short, axillary,
apparently many-flowered. Fruit small, globose, 1-seeded.

"Upper CrUinea. Cameroons : in bush-forest near Bat.inga, -Dinklage, 1133.

G3. S. Goet^ei, Gilg in Engl. JaJirh. xxviii. 123. An erect shrub,
2-3 yards high ; branchlets thick, whitish, subtetragonal, glabrous.

Strychnos.'] lxxxvi. logaxiace^ (baker). 535

Leaves shortly petioied, broadly ovate, H-o in. long, \^ J. m. urojul,
rounded or subcordate at the base, rounded or very shortly cuspidate at
the apex, coriaceous, 7-uerved. Fruit globose, smooth, 'I-',\ in. in diaui.,
green; pericarp thick ; pulp copious; seeds many. — Busse, Gilg A: Pilger
in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 170.

nXo^amb. Ulst. German East Africa: Ulielie; UcJiungwe .Mouuuius, 51KX)-
6000 ft., Goetze, 643. East Lugoni, Bu.'ise, 735.

04. S. Buettnerl, Gilg in Enyl. Jahrb. xvii. 574. An erect shrub;
branchlets unarmed, glabrous. Lsaves suborbicuiar or orbicular-ovate,
3-4 in. long, nearly as broad, shortly cuspidate, glabrous on both sides,
cuneate at the base, tripiinerved from above the base ; petiole very
short. Flowers 5-merous, in many-flowered cymes from the end of the
branchlets; peduncle 1 in. long; pedicels l-\ in. long. (Jalyx-lobes
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, ^-J- in. long. OoroUa-tube as long as
the .calyx; lobes ovate, as long as the tuba. Fruit globose, :> in. in
diam. ; pericarp thick ; seeds many.

Upper Guinea. Togo: near Bisiuarckburg, by Ketschertke brook, Buectner,
370, and by icg^c brook, Buettner.

65. S, Fischer!, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 505. An erect tree ;
branchlets unarmed, clothed with yellowish tomentum. Leaves ovate
or orbicular-ovate, 1^-2 in. long, rigidly membranous, a-nerved from the
base, clothed with yellowish tomentum on both sides; petiole I -J in. long.
Flowers sessile, densely crowded in the axils of the leaves. Calyx j.r in.
long, densely tomentose ; sepals orbicular-ovate. Corolla-tube \ in.
long, hairy at the throat ; lobes half as long as the tube. Fruit and seeds
unknown.

XVKozamb. Xlist. German East Africa: Usula-Usiha, Fischer, '600.

Q>Q. S. sansibariensis, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 124. An
erect shrub ; branches terete, glabrous, brown-black, armed with
slender axillary slightly recurved spines. Laaves oblong orovate-obiong,
1-^-2 in. long, cuneate or rather rounded at the base, cuspidate at the
apex, 5-nerved. Cymes 7-18-flo wared, terminal on the young branches ;
pedicels short, clothed with short yellowish hairs. Sepals linear, very
acute, y^-J in. long. Corolla as long as the calyx ; tube urceolate ;
lobes deltoid, \ as long as the tuba. Fruit large, many-seeded.

IVlozaiub. :Dlst. Zanzibar, Stuhlinami, i, lOll. Cferum.n East .Vtrica:
Pangani, Sitihlmann, i, 161.

67. S. Car^alhoi, Gily in Engl. Jahrb. xxxviii. 12.'>. An erect
shrub ; branchlets dull yellowish, pubasceut when young, armed with
slender straight axillary spines. Leaves shortly petioied, obovate-obloag
or oblong, lJ-2 in. long, acute, cuneate at the base, shining, 5-nerved.
Flowers in "lax terminal cymes; peduncles and pedicels pubescent.
Sepals 5, linear, acute, \ in. long. Corolla not longer th;in the calyx ;
tuba urceolate , lobes deltoid, \ as long as the tube. Fruit unknown.

r>80 Lxxxvi. LOGANiACE^ (baker). \^Strychnos,

nCozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique; between Mussoril
and Cabc'ceira, Carvalho.

(ii^. S. gracillima, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 573. An erect
shrub, with slender branchlets and copious hooked spines from the
nodes. Leaves ovate or oblong, acute, cuneate at the base, glabrous, 1 in.
long, triplinerved from the base ; lateral veins short; petiole very short.
Cymes dense, compressed, terminal ; peduncle and pedicels short. Calyx
lin. long; tube very short; lobes 5, lanceolate. Bud greenish, globose ;
corolla-tube very short ; segments ovate. Fruit globose, 2 in. in diam. ;
pericarp woody. Seeds many, h in. long.

Xrile Iiacd. Jur : near Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1344 ; between Dimo and
Axoni, Schweinfurth, 1573 !

GO. S. Volkensii, Gilg in Engl. EJi. Ost-Afr. C. 311. A
tree 3U-40 ft. high ; branchlets armed with curved pungent spines at
the nodes. Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, lJ-2 in. long by half as
broad, glabrous, narrow^ed gradually to the base, subacute, 5-nerved ;
petiole ^-J as long as the blade. Cymes lax, many-flowered, from the
tip of the branchlets ; bracts minute, triangular, acute. Sepals ovate,
acuminate, less than half as long as the corolla. Corolla ^ in. long ; lobes
ovate, rather longer than the campanulate tube. Fruit shaped like an
orange, with edible pulp. — Gilg in Xotizbl. Kcinigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i.
7G ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. 702.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Gohmgo Alto ; foi'ests at the base of Alto Queta,
Wehcil-sch, 4709, and at Dalatanda, Welwitsch, 4775.

HZozamb. I>ist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Tanga, Hoist, 2095 !
Volkens-; 103, Ainboni, Hoist, 2670!

70. S. Miniungansamba, Gilg in Notizhl. Kbnigl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin, i. 77. An erect shrub, with recurved axillary spines. Leaves
obovate, about 1 in. long, rounded at the apex, narrowed to the base,
glabrous, 5-nerved from the base ; petiole \ in. long. Flowers in
racemes at the apex of the branchlets. Sepals linear, ciliolate, ^-J
in. long. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx ; tube urceolate ;
lobes 5, ovate, less than half as long as the tube. Fruit unknown.

XiO-wer Guinea. Angola : Kahingula, Buchner, 617.

71. S. spinosa, Lam. III. ii. 38. A low tree; branchlets
horizontal, slender, virgate, armed with pungent spines from the nodes.
Leaves obovate or suborbicular, obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the
base, 2-1) in. long, subcoriaceous, 5-nerved from near the base, glabrous ;
petiole very short. Cymes short, dense, terminal, very compound ;
peduncles and short pedicels pubescent.' Calyx J in. long ; tube very
shoi^t ; segments linear. Corolla greenish, not longer than the calyx ;
tube short, campanulate ; lobes usually 5, ovate. Fruit the size and
colour of an orange ; pericarp coriaceous ; pulp abundant, edible ; seeds
large. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 702. aS'. Vuntac, Bojer, Hort.
Maur. 205. S. Zokua, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 53. >S. laxa,.

Strycknos.] lxxxvi. loganiace.e (baker). 537

Solered. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 554. Brehmia sjnnosa, Harv. ; A. DC.
Prod. ix. 18 ; Baker, Fl. Maurit. 285.

TTpper Guinea. Senej^ainbia, Heudelot, 813 ! French Guinea : banks of the
River Nij^er at Fanina, 3200 ft., iScoft-EIliot, 5384 ! Lagos: Ado Ischu, Rowland,
5 ! Niger Territory : Xupe, Barter, 1140 !

irile Iiand. Fazokl, CienkotosJcy.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Loandn, Welwiisch, 4763 ! 4764, 4767, 6019 !
(iolungo Alto, Wehcitsch, 4768 ! 4770, 4771 ! 477iJ ; Ainbnc-a, Welwitsch, 4773.

Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Rovuma Ray, Kirk ! Portnguesc
East Africa : Zambesi Delta; Kongone Wwer, Kirk I bank of the River Luabo,
Kirk, 44! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Mbame Village, Kirk ! Blantyre,
£uchana7i, S4;l Zomba and vicinity, 2800-35CO ft., Whyte ! and without precise
locality, Buchanan, 214 !

Also in South Africa, Madagascar and the Seychelles.

Var. puhescens. Baker. Leaves pubescent, especially beneath.

Upper Guinea. French- Guinea : near Moria on the River Scarcies, Scott-
Elliot, 4801 ! Xiger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 1705 !

IVIozauib. I>ist. British Central Afiica: Nyasaland; Mount Sochi, 3500 ft..
Kirk, 129 ! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 47 !

This variety much resembles S. cocculoides, Baker.

72. S. exnarginata, Baker. An erect shrub ; branchlets very
slender, pubescent, with pungent hooked spines from the nodes.
Leaves obovate, emarginate, with a small mucro from the sinus, glossy,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, 1-2 in. long, strongly 5-nerved from the base.
Cymes dense, terminal, very compound ; peduncle and very short
pedicels pubescent. Calyx \ in. long; tube very short; segments 5,
lanceolate. Corolla not seen. Fruit globose, 2 in. in diam. ; pericarp
thick, rigid ; pulp copious ; seeds large.

Wile Ziand. Jur: Jnr Gliattas, Schweinfnrth, 1396!

Itnperfectly knoivn sj^ecies.

7?». S. Scheffleri, Gihj in XotizhJ. K'uniyl. Bot. Cart. Berlin, iii.
84 {iimne only).

ZMCozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Eastern Usambara, Schcjjfer.

7. ANTHOCLEISTA, Afzel.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 705.

Calyx 4-partite; lobes coriaceous, mueh imbricate, decussate.
Corolla-tube funnel-shaped; lobes 12-lG, linear-oblong or oblong,
much imbricate, contorted. Stamens as many as the corolla- lobes ;
filaments united into a short cup ; anthers linear-erect. Ovary in.serted
on a fleshy disk, spuriously 4-celled ; style liliform, usually curved ;
stigma capitate, oblong ; ovules very numerous. Berry globose or
oblong ; pericarp becoming coriaceous. Seeds numerous, minute,
embedded in the pulpy placentas ; testa thin ; albumen cartilaginous ;
embryo straight. — Erect trees or scandent shrubs. Leaves obovate-

538

LXXXVI. LOGANIACE^ (bAKER).

[A7ithocleista.

1. A. kamerunensis.

nohilis.
lanceolata.
Zenkeri.
j)arviJlora.

cuneate ; petiole dilated at the base. Cymes terminal, trichotomous,
usually compound ; bracts small, connate. Flowers large, white or
dull yellow.

Tliree otlier species in Madagascar and one in the Comoro Isles.
Erect trees with spinous branches.
Calyx o in. long.

Corolla 2 in. long . .

Corolla about 1 in. long.

Fruit 1 in. long .....

Fruit 1^, in. long .....

Calyx ^ in. long . ...

Calyx \ in. long ......

Erect trees with unarmed brandies.
Petiole obsolete.

Leaves auricled at the base ....

Leaves not auricled at the base
Petiole short.

Calyx i in. long.

Corolla-tube scarcely longer than the calyx

Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx .

Calyx ^ in. long ......

Petiole 1^-3 in. long.

Upper leaves 1 ft. or more long.
Auricles of opposite leaves free
Auricles of opposite leaves connate.

Fruit globose .....

Fruit obovate-oblong ....

Upper leaves 5-6 in, long ....

Climbing shrubs.
Cymes simple

8.

9.

10.

orientalis.
pulcherrima.

Kalhreyeri.
zamhesiaca.
stuhlmanniana.

. 11. A. liehrechtsiana.

12.
13.
14.

xnermia.

Schweinfurthii.

magnifica.

15. A. scandens.

Cymes compound

16. A. laxijlora.

1. A. kamerunensis, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 125. A tall
tree ; b.irk grey, fissured ; branches armed with a few small spines.
Leaves crowded, long-petioled, oblong or obovate-oblong, ^-1 ft. long,
rouaded at the apex, narrowed gradually to the base, glabrous. In-
florescence lax, few-flowered ; peduncle long ; bracts minute ; psdicels
very short, articulated. Sepals broader than long, entire,. J in. broad.
Corolla 2 in. long ; tube cylindrical, longer than the lobes ; lobes 10-12,
lanceolate.

upper Cruinea. Cameroons : Batanga, Dtn/tZo^re, 1361.

2. A, nob ills 9 G. Don ; A. DC. in DC. Prod. ix. 36. An erect tree,
reaching a height of 50-60 ft. L3aves crowded at the tips of the
'braachlets, with pungent spines between them ; uppar leaves of branches
^-12 in. long, 3-4 in. broad ; petiole very short ; leaves in the young
plant reaching a lengbh of 4-5 ft. Cymes compound, shorter than the
leaves. Calyx J in. long ; outer lobas suborbicular. Corolla-tube half
as long again as the calyx; lobes aboat 16, J in. long. Tube of fila-
ments short ; anthers J in. long. Fruit globose, 1 in. in diam. — Benth.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 100. A. m%crophylla, G, Don, 1. c. A. Vojelii,

A7ithocleista.] lxxxvi. loganiace.e (baker). 539

Planch, in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 793-71)4; Niger Fl. 4.j0, tt. 4:)-44.
A. Bachneri, Gilg, A. nianmiamensis, Gilg, and A. maci'antha. Gilg in
Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 576-580.

Upper Guinea. Sene;:^al, Leprieur ! Sierra Leone : Su^arloaf Motintaiii,
Barter! Kegeiit, Scott-Elliot^ 4145! Southern Nig^eria : Ibu (Abo), l'ogel,bl\
Niger Delta, ^ar<er, 20104 ! l^ank of the Kivcr Nun, Jtfa;i;i, 471 ! Canieroons:
Ambas Bay, Mann, xvi !

Xrile Ziand. Niamniam : by the Rivers Nabanibissoand Hoddo, Schweinfnrth,
5037!

XiO\irer Guinea. Lower Congo, Smith ! Angola : Golungo Alto ; forests of
Quilon)bo, Buniba and Queta, Welwitsch, 6021 ! l*ungo Andongo ; forests by the
River Lombe, Welioitsch, 6022 !

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Niamniam ; by the liiver Mbrwole,
Sckweinfiirth, 3726! Luiula : banks of the River Luatliini, Biichner, 618 (ex
Gilg).

IMiozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa: Xyasaland ; banks of tlie Nelungusi
River, 3000 ft., IVhyte, 5 !

3. A. lanceolata, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 1 25. A tall tree ;
bark whitish-grey ; branches spinous. Leav^es sessile, obovate-lanceolate,
8-4 J ft. long, G-8 in. broad, acute, broadly auricled at the base, glabrous.
Sepals suborbicular, entire, i in. long. Corolla above 1 in. long ; tube
I in. long and J in. in diam. ; lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, rather longer
than the tube. Fruit 1| in. long.

Upper Guinea. Cameroon?: Batanga, Dinklage, 1114.

4. A. Zenkerl, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 124. A tree, 20-25
yards high ; branches grey or brown, the upper very spinous. Leaves
sessile, obovate-oblong, 16-30 in. long, 0-8 in. broad, rounded at the
apex, furnished with recurved round auricles at tlie base, chartaceous,
glabrous. Panicle large, terminal, thyrsoid ; bracts scale-like ; pedicels
J-J in. long. Calyx-lolDCS orbicular, emarginate, J in. long. Corolla 3
times the length of the calyx ; tube subcylindrical ; lobes 10-12, narrow
oblong, much shorter than the tube.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 1965 ! Victoria, Deistel, 181.

5. A. parviflora, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 09. An erect
tree; branches J in. in diam., armed with strong spines; final internodes
very short. Upper leaves about 1 ft. long, 4-5 in. broad; petiole very
short, with a narrow reflexed border to the dilated base. Cymes very
compound, 1 ft. long. Calyx \ in. long ; outer lobes orbicular. Corolla
in bud oblong-cylindrical, 3-4 times the length of the calyx; lobes about
12. Anthers J in. long. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: by the B;\gru River, .Ifann ! valleys of Talla
Hill plateau, 3500 ft. , Scott-Elliot, 5053 ! Kahreni, Scott-Elliot, 5872 !

A. procera, Leprieur ex Bureau, Logan. 74-77, tigs. 60-62, is a doubtful si>eciej,
differing from this' in the absence of spines and in the {estivation of the corolla.

6. A. orientalis, Gilg in Engl. PJl. Ost-A/r. C. 312. Branchlets
unarmed. Leaves quite sessile, obovate-cuneate, 16-l'0 in. long, ;>-(> in.

540 Lxxxvi. LOGANiACE.^ (baker). [Antkocleistci.

broad, subcoriaceous, with main ribs very prominent on both surfaces
and orbicular revolute auricles at the base. Sepals suborbicular, the
inner above h hi. long. Corolla unknown.

nXozamb. I>ist. German East Africa: Usaramo; Vikindo, Stuhlmann, 6092.

7. A. pulcherrima, Gilg in Enyl. Jahrh. xxx. 374, t. 17. An erect
tree, 30-40 ft. high ; branchlets unarmed. Leaves sessile, oblance-
olate-oblong or obovate-oblong, reaching more than 3 ft. in length and
1 ft. in breadth, rounded at the apex, narrowed gradually to the ba^e,.
not auricled ; main veins 12-15 pairs. Panicle large, terminal; branches
dichotomously cymose ; peduncles long ; bracts small, ovate. Sepals sub-
orbicular, \ in. long; two outer broader than the two inner. Corolla
whitish, fragant, 2 in. long; tube funnel-shaped ; lobes 12, oblong, acute,,
reflexing, rather shorter than the tube. Anthers J-J in. long.

Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Langenburg distr. ; Umnamba, in
gorges and brooksides and by Lake Yungnruru, 4500 ft., Goetze, 1313.

8. A. Kalbreyeri, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1805, 99. A tree,.
28-30 ft. high; stems unbranched, slender, without spines. Leaves
obovate-oblong, 2 ft. long, h ft. broad ; petiole very short. Cymes com-
pressed, much shorter than the leaves. Calyx Jin. long ; lobes orbicular.
Corolla yellowish ; tube scarcely longer than the calyx ; lobes 10, oblong,,
^ in. long. Tube of filaments very short ; anthers linear, \ in long. Fruit
not seen.

Upper Guinea. Southern Nigeria : banks of the River Bonny, Kalbreyer,
61 !

9. A. zambesiaca. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 99. A tall
tree ; branchlets unarmed, \-h in. in diam. ; final internodes short.
Upper leaves G-9 in. long, 3-4 in. broad; lower 1-J ft. long, 8-9
in. broad ; petioles very short. Cymes compound, shorter than the
lea,ves. Calyx J in. long ; outer lobes orbicular. Corolla-tube narrowly
funnel-shaped, J in. long ; lobes about 12, linear-oblong, | in. long,
pubescent on the outside. Tube of filaments very short ; anthers J in.
long. Bud oblong. Fruit not seen.

Mozamb. Bist. Britisli Central Afiica: Nyasahnid ; Sliii-e Highlands,
Buchanan, 84 ! iMnudala, Scott-BUiof, 8531 !

10. A. stuhlmanniana, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 580. Branchlets
without any spines. Leaves shortly petioled, obovate-oblong, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous, 1 ft. long by half as broad ; auricles semi-
orbicular, revolute, connate. Cymes dense ; pedicels \-h in. long.
Sepals suborbicular, subequal, ^ in. long, crenulate. Corolla-tube
obconic, 2-3 times the length of the calyx; lobes 12-14, linear,,
subacute, about as long as the tube. Tube of filaments very short.

Mozaxub. Bist. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Bukoba, Stuhlmann , 3727.

11. A. liebrechtsiana, ])e Wild, d- Durand in Comptes-rendus
Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 9G. A large tree. Leaves obovate-oblong

Anthocleisia.] lxxxvi. looaniace.e (baker). 541

or lanceolate, rounded at the apex, gradually tapering at the base,
54-30 in. long, 4-J:| in. long, coriaceous, rigid, glabrous, quite entire ;
nerves 17-19 on each side; auricles beneath prominent, nearly semi-
orbicular, revolute, not connate between the bases of the }»etioles ;
petiole '2h in. long, somewhat trigonous. Cymes dichotomous in a
terminal panicle ; branches irregularly compressed ; pedicels 2 lin.
long, articulate. Sepals suborbicular, coriaceous, with papery margins,
outer 4 lin. long, inner slightly shorter. Corolla fleshy, white ; tu})e
cylindrical, 13 lin. long; lobes 10-12, narrowly oblong, strongly
contorted, about G lin. long, 2 lin. wide. Stamens 10; filaments
connate into a ring about 1^ lin. high; anthers about 3.1 lin. long.
Ovary ovoid or ovoid-oblong ; style thick, 7^ lin. long ; stigma ovoid-
oblong, 2 lin. long, 1 J lin. thick. — Reliq. Dewevr. IGO.

South Central. Congo Free State : around Lukolela, Dewevre.

This species is very closely allied to A. inermis, Engl.

12. A. inerxniSy Ungl. in Engl. Jahrh. viii. G3. An erect tree
25-30 ft. high ; tu^anchlets unarmed, \-\ in. in diam. ; internodes very
short. Upper leaves 1 ft. or more long by about 4 in. broad
membranous, lanceolate or elongate-lanceolate, obtuse, cuneately
narrowed below, shortly and obtusely auricled at the base ; auricles of
opposite leaves connate; nerves about 13 on each side ; petiole sulcate
-above, 1^-1 J in. long. Cymes sparingly compound, much shorter than
the leaves ; bracts widely triangular, cartilaginous ; pedicels short.
Calyx \ in. long ; outer lobes orbicular. Corolla not seen. Fruit sub-
globose, § in. in diam. Seeds ^ lin. in diam.

lower Guinea. Lower Congo, Smith ! on an island near Ponta da Lenha,
Naumann.

13. A. Schweinfurthiiy Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 570. An erect
tree ; trunk 20-30 ft. long ; branches unarmed, h in. in diam., with very
short internodes. Leaves oval-oblong, oblong or obovate-lanceolate,
acute, 6-20 in. long, 2-6 in. wide, coriaceous, quite glabrous, entire or
very minutely toothed ; primary nerves 10-13 on each side ; petiole
2-3 in. long, with a recurved narrow auricle. Cymes compound,
1 ft. long. Calyx h in. long ; outer lobes suborbicular. Corolla in bud
twice as long as the calyx; lobes 9-11. Anthers linear, \ in. long.
Dried fruit obovoid-oblong, H in. long.

XTile Iiand. Niamuiam : woods by tlie River Mbrwole, ScJnveivftirtk, 3723!
nXozamb. Blst. German E »st Africa : Karajjwc ; near Bukoba, Stnhlmann,
3751, and Maissooie Island, in Lake Victoria, Stuhhnaun, 4133 (ex Gil^).

14. A. magnifica, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 581. A forest tree,
40 ft. high ; branchlets unarmed, \ in. in diam. with very short internodes.
Upper leaves 5-6 in. long, 2-3 in. broad ; petiole slender, half as long
as the blade, without any border to the dilated base. Cymes sparsely
compQund. Calyx \ in. long ; outer lobes orbicular. Corolla-tube
1 in. long, gradually dilated from the base to tlie throat ; lobes about

542 Lxxxvi. LOGAXiACEiE (baker). [Anthocleista .

12, linear, more than half as long as the tube. Cup of filaments very
short ; anthers ^ in. long. Fruit not seen.

ZiO'virer Guinea. Guboon : Muiula ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 49 !

15. A. scandens, llook.f. in Jovrn. Linn. Soc. vi. 10. A woody
climber ; stems unarmed, oO-50 ft. long ; final internodes J in. long.
Leaves obovate-cuneate, o-4 in. long, narrowed into a short petiole
without any auricle. Cymes simple, 8-4:-flowered, shortly peduncled or
sessile in the axil of the upper pair of leaves. Calyx | in. long; outer
lobes ovate, obtuse. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, widened at the middle :
lobes about \'2, oblong, more than half as long as the tube. Cup of
filaments very short; anthers \ in. long. Dried fruit oblong, li
in. long.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 5000 ft., Mann, 623 !

JtODirer Guinea. Island of St. Tliomas : summit of JSt. Thomas Peak, Mann,.
1067!

16. A. laxiflora. Baker in Kevj Bulletin, 1895, 99. A climbing
shrub; stems unarmed, terete, 15 ft. long; final internodes 1-H
in. long. Leaves oblong, cuneate at the base, acute, 5-6 in. long,
2 in. broad ; petiole very short, not auricled. Cymes short, compound,
lower branches subtended by large leaves. Calyx ^ in. long ; outer
lobes ovate. Corolla and stamens not seen. Dry truit globose, J.in.
in diam., apiculate with the persistent base of the style.

J^o'wer Guinea. Spanish Gaboon : Mount .lohn, by the River Kongui,
Mann, 1802 !

Imperfectly knoimi species.

17. A, Scheffleri, GiUj ex Scheffler in Notizhl. K'Onigl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin, iii. 14;:j i^name only).

IVIozamb. Sist. (xerniau Eiist Africa : Usambara, Scheffler.

8. G^RTISTEBA, Lam. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 798.

Calyx campannlate ; teeth 5, usually very short. Corolla-tube
funnel-shaped; lobes 5, oblong, valvate; stamens 5, inserted below the
throat of the corolla-tube ; filaments filiform ; anther-cells parallel.
Ovary 2-celled ; style filiform, with two linear stigmatose branches ;
ovules solitary, erect. Fruit small, globose, indehiscent, 2-celled ;
pericarp thin, fleshy. Seeds solitary, copiously albuminous ; embryo
minute, straight. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, feather-veined,
conspicuously stipulate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle with cjmose
branches.

Species about 30, mostly East Indian and Mascarene.
Corolhi -j^ in. long.

Panicle large, lax . ...... 1. G. paniculata.

Panicle moderately large, lax ... 2. G. Dinklagei.

Gm-tnera.] lxxkvi. loganiace/e (baker). 543

Panicle small, lax 3. g. salicifolia.

Panicle short, dense 4. G. rhodnnthn.

Corolla ^-h in. long h. G. occidentalis.

G. morindoides. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1892, 83, is Morinda lonniflora
G. Don. •" '

1. G. paniculatay Benth. in IFooh. Niger Fl. 4r)0. An erect
shrub, 10-15 ft. high; branchlets glabrous or pubescent. Leaves
oblong, acuminate or cuspidate, 4-6 in. long, moderately firm, glabrous
beneath when mature ; petiole short ; stipules large, collar-like,
conspicuously ciliate. Panicle pyramidal, G-H in. long, with ascending
very compound low^er branches ; bracts small, ovate or lanceolate.
Calyx campanulate, very small ; lobes very short. Corolla greenish-
white, ^ in. long ; lobes oblong, shorter than the funnel-shaped tube.
Fruit not larger than a pea.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: near the top of Lester Peak, Scott-Elliot,
3860! ^C2uYQ\eii WweT, Scott-Elliot ! French Guinea: woods by the Kiver Niger,
2itY(iYsa\^, SQotf -Elliot, 532G ! Liberia: Bassa, Vogel, 20\ 71! Ashanti : Assin-
Yan-Kumassi, Cummivs, 194! Togo, Boiimann, 494! Lagos: near Lagop, i?ofr-
land ! Southern Nigeria : mouth of the River Niger, Mann, 461 ! Brass, Barter,
1877! Onitsa, Barter, 1256! and without precise locality, Barter, 1811 !

Itovrer Guinea. Corisco Bay: by the Muni (Danger) Kiver, Majin, 1745!

2. G, Dinklagei, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. S8. A
shrub ; branchlets slender, woody, glabrous. Leaves distant, shortly
petioled, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, 4-8 in. long, 2-2^, in. broad, acute,
narrowed to the base, glabrous, subcoriaceous, penninerved ; stipules
triangular. Flowers in a moderately large lax thyrsoid terminal
panicle, with pubescent branches ; pedicels very short ; bracts lanceo-
late. Calyx obconic, pubescent, J lin. in diam. ; teeth very small.
Corolla 1 in. long ; lobes linear, longer than the tube. Fruit globose,
glabrous, the size of a small pea.

upper Guinea. Cameroons : Bipinde, Zp«^-er, 1763 ! 1838! 2034! 2393!

>). G, salicifolia, C. IT. Wright. A shrub, 0 ft. high ; branchlets
slender, glabrous. Leaves distant, shortly petioled, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, 4-5 in. long, |-]-i in. broad, acuminate, narrowed to the
base, subcoriaceous, glabrous, penninerved ; stipules rather large,
triangular. Flowers in lax small terminal panicles with glabrous
branches; .pedicels short; bracts minute. Calyx obconic, J lin. in
diam., not toothed. Corolla l in. long; tube funnel-shaped ; lobes
ovate-oblong, as Ions' as the tube. Anthers liiiear, reaching nearly to
the top of the corolla-lobes. Fruit unknown.

Ziower Guinea. Gaboon: on a rocky river bank at Mfoa, So niilos east of
the Gaboon, Bates, 516!

4. G. rhodantha. Baker. An erect shrub, 0-12 ft. high : branchlets
stout, glabrous. Leaves oblan^ceolate-oblong, shortly cuspidate, nearly
1 ft. long, 3 in. broad above the middle, moderately firm, glabrous on
both sides ; petiole nearly 1 in. long ; stipules large, deeply lacerated.

544 Lxxxvi. LOGANiACE^ (baker). [Gcertncra,

Panicle dense, 1^-2 in. long; bracts minute. Calyx campanulate,
y\- in. long; teeth very short. Corolla bright red, J in. long; lobes
shorter than the tube. Fruit unknown.

JmO-wct Guinea. Gaboon : Muntla; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 24!

^5. G. occidentalis, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 235. An
erect shrub, about 10 yards high, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves
petioled, lanceolate, acuminate ; stipules united into a sheath half as
long as the internodes. Inflorescence terminal, very compound.
Calyx campanulate, entire or faintly toothed. Corolla i-J in. long,
with a ring of hairs in the tube below the insertion of the included
stamens. Fruit ovoid -oblong, 1 -seeded.

Upper Guinea. Seneganibia : by the Kio Pongos, Ileudelot, 888.

IiO'wer Guinea. Gaboon, Dujjarquet ^' Griffon de Bellay, 232.

Order LXXXVII. GENTIANE^. (By J. G. Baker, with
additions by N. E. Brown.)

Flowers usualh^ regular and hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, 4-5-
lobed or partite ; lobes usually imbricate. Corolla gamopetalous ; tube
campanulate, funnel-shaped or cylindric ; lobes usually 4-5, contorted,
imbricate or induplicate-valvate. Stamens as many as the corolla-
lobes, inserted in the corolla-tube or at its mouth ; filaments filiform or
dilated at the base ; anthers dorsifixed or basifixed, dehiscing longitu-
dinally, rarely by 2 apical pores or short slits, sometimes spirally
twisted. Disk 0 or annular or of 5 glands. Ovary superior, bicar-
pellary, 1-2-celled ; ovules usually many in a cell ; style simple ;
stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit usually capsular and dehiscent,
septicidally 2-valved. Seeds usually sessile, copiously albuminous,
sometimes winged ; testa membranous or crustaceous ; embryo small.
— Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs, nearly always glabrous.
Leaves opposite except in Menyantkece, exstipulate. Flowers in
terminal cymes or clusters, or axillary and clustered or solitary.
Inflorescence normally blue, yellow, red or white.

Species 500-600, most abundsint in the temperate regions of both liemispheres, in
the tropics principally found on the mountains.

3Ierisfosfi/liis. described as a new genus under Gentianece by Klotzsch in Peters,
Reise Mos^anib. Kot. 267, with three species, appears to be identical with Kalanchoe
in CrassulacecB.

Tribe I. Exacese. — Leaves opposite. Corolla-lohes contorted. Ovary 2-
celled.

Anthers exserted beyond the moutli of the corolla-
tube.
Stamens inserted below the corolla-sinuses; anthers

coriaceous ....... 1. ExACUM.

Stamens inserted at the corolla-sinuses ; anthers

submembranous ...... 2. Seb.ea.

Anthers included in the corolla-tube or only reaching

to its mouth 3, BELMO^'TIA.

£xacum.] Lxxxvii. gentiane.*: (baker and brown). 545

Teibk II. Chironieae. — Learps- o/)po.si(e. Corul la-lobes contorted, tcifhvuf
nectaries. Orarij l-cclle/l, ivitk parietal or much intruded, tmt not connate^
placentas.

Leaves we'il devrloiunl, j;reen.

Flowers in termitiHl simple or pauiclecllax or rarelv
fastij^iate eyiiM's ; anthers exserted beyond the
corolhi-siiuist'-.
Calyx-lobt's 4-5 times aslong-i'S the tube, or tube
none.
Corolhi lar^as its lobes 5-9 lin. lonp; . . 4. CuiKONiA.

Corolla small, its lobes not more than 2 lin. lon^ 5. EuYTHiii4:A.
Calyx-lobes shorter than the ti.be.

Corolla-txibe shorter than the lobes . . G. Schinziella.

Corolla-tube Ioniser tban the lol)es.

Corolla-lobes §-3 lin. lonjr, i-1 lin. broad;
anthers usually oidy 1 (or in C. Kirkii

all) fertile 7. Canscora.

Corolla-lobes 4 lin. long and broad ; anthers

all fertile ...... 8. SciiULTESiA.

Flowers solitary in both axils of the leaf-pairs all

alouiT the stems ...... 9. NEUiioxuDCA.

Flowers in dense axillary clusters all along the
stems or in dense teinninal clusters or heads.
Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-
tube, included 10. Enicostema.

Stamens inserted at the mouth o:^ the corolla-
tube, exserted.
Flowers 8-inerous; sepals very unequal . . 11. PYCXOsniCEKA.

Flowers 4-mer(ms ; sei^als equal , . . 12. Fakoa.

Leaves vei*y small or rudimennary, not gi'een ;

stamens included . . . . . .13. Voykia.

Tribe III. S^irertleae. — Leaves opposite. Corolla-lobes contorted, icilh l-ii
fringed nectaries near their base. Ovary 1-celled, tvith parietal placentas.
The only Tropical African genus 14. Swertia.

Tribe IV. HXenyantbeae. — Leaves all radical or alternate. Corolla lobes
induplicate-ralvate. Ovari/ 1-celled, ivith parietal placentas.

The only Tropical African genus, aquatics . . 15. Limxanthemum.

1. EXACUM, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. S();J.

Calyx 4-r)-lobed to the middle or nearly to the base. Corolhi-tubt-
campanula te ; segments 4-5, ovate or oblong, contorted in aestivation.
Stamens 4-5, exserted from the corolla-tube, inserted below tlu-
sinuses of the corolla ; filaments short ; anthers oblong, dehiscing by
terminal-pores or longitudinal slits. Ovary globose, 2-celled ; styh-
subulate; stigma capitate; placentas axile ; ovules many in a cell.
Capsule globose, septicidally 2-valved. Seeds many, minute.— Annual
or very rarely perennial herbs. Leaves entire. Flowers various in
colour, arranged in terminal dichotomous cymes.

Species 20-25, chiefly natives of India, China and the Malay ArchiiH.>lago, extend-
ing into Socotra and Mad.-gascar.

546 LXXXVII. GENTIANE^ (bAKER AND BBOWN). [Exoxum,

Lcavfis |-2^ in. long ; calyx lobed to more tban half-
way down ... ... 1. E.qtiinffuenervium.

Leaves \-^ in. long ; calyx lobed to nearly half-way

down . . . , . . . 2. E. zoml/ensis.

I.E. quittqueiaerviuin, Griseb. in DC. Prod. ix. 4G. A slender
erect annual J— 2 ft. high, glabrous in all its parts. Stems simple or
branched. Leaves linear, lanceolate or ovate, acute, the lower some-
times elliptic and obtuse, 3-5-r>erved, narrowed into a short petiole at
the base, f-2J in. long. Flowers in terminal dichotomous or tricho-
tomous cymes; pedicels J-| in. long. Sepals ovate, lJ-2 lin. long,
very broadly winged on the keel. Corolla-tube campanulate, J in.
long ; segments oblong, shorter than the tube. Anthers small, oblong.
Style as long as the ovary. Capsule pallid, globose, IJ— 2 lin. in diam.

Upper Guinea. Lagos : near Lagos, Movdand ! Southern Nigeria : Aboh,
Barter, 140 ! On.itsa, Barter, 1750 !

TSrile Xiandl. British Fast Africa : Nzaol, Iveti Mountains, Gregortf.

mf oxamb. ]>ist. Zanzibar, Kirk ! Hildehrandt, 1131 ! German East Africa :
Zanguebar, Kirk, 7 ! Portuguese East Africa : Quilimane, Srott ! Zambesi
Delta : mouth of the west Luabo River, Kirk ! Lower Zambesi ; Shupanga, Kirk !

Also in the Mascarene Islands.

The flowers are stated to be pale pink by Kirk, and violet by Barter, and by
Hildehrandt on the label with a specimen from Madagascar ; in the dried state they
are didl yellow.

2. E, xombensis, N. E. Br. A slender erect annual 1-6 in.
high, 1-5-flowered, glabrous. Stem simple or once or twice branched,
4:-angled. Leaves in 3-4 distant pairs ; lowest pair minute, the others
\-\ in. long, J—| in. broad, very broadly ovate, obtuse or very minutely
apiculate, rounded 8.t the base. Pedicels of terminal flowers J-4 lin.
long, of lower flowers sometimes up to 1 in. long, very slender. Calyx
very broadly 5-winged, subglobose in outline, 5-lobed to nearly half-
way down ; lobes broadly ova^te, axjutely cuspidate or abruptly acuminate ;
wings reticulately veined. Corolla-tube 2J-3J lin. long ; lobes 5,
oblong, obtuse, minutely apiculate, 2-2;^ lin. long, Ij-l^ lin. broad.
Stamens 5, exserted ; filaments |-1 lin. long, filiform, inserted in the
throat of the corolla-tube ; anthers J lin. long, oblong, obtuse.

2y!Co7.aml>. Xlist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; on a wet rock on the
top of Mount Zomba, Buchanan, 449 ! Zomba, Sharpe, 192 !

2, SEBJEA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 804.

Calyx divided almost or quite to the base into 4-5 or rarely 6
keeled or winged segments. Corolla-tube as long as or shorter than
the calyx ; segments 4-5, oblong, spreading, contorted in aestivation.
Stamens 4-5, exserted, inserted at the sinuses of the corolla ; filaments
exserted ; anthers small, apiculate or with or without a gland at the
apex and sometimes also 2 at the base. Ovary globose, 2-celled ;
placentas axile ; ovules many in a cell ; style filiform, often with a
tubercular thickening; stigma oblong, ovoid, capitate or subsimple.
Capsule globose or ovoid, membranous, septicidally 2-valved. Seeds many,

Sebcea,] lxxxvii. gentiane.e (baker and brown). fi^T

minute. — Annual or rarely perennial herbs, with erect or rarely procum-
bent branched or simple stems. Leaves opposite, se&sile oramplexiuiul.
Flowers small or of moderate size, yellow, arranged in terminal dicho-
tomous cymes.

Species about 60, chiefly in South Africa, a few in Madagascar, India, Australia,
and New Zealand.

Leaves cordate-orbicular, as broad as or broader than
long.
Stigma twice as long as broad, oblong or ovoid.

Corolla 6-8 lin. long 1. .V. crassul(pfolia.

Corolla 4^-5| lin. long 3. 6'. leioxtyla.

Corolla 3-3i lin. long 6. 8. multinodis.

Stigma much shorter than broad.

Corolla 5-6 lin. long; stigma minute, bilobed . 2. S. oreophila.
Corolla about 3^ lin. long; stigma capitate,

truncate-based . . . . . 4. »S. schimjjeriana.

J^eaves not cordate-orbicular, longer than broad.
Basal leaves more or less crowded or subrosulate,
elliptic or oblong.
Anthers tipped with a waxy yellow gland . . 6. 6' affinis.

Anthers minutely apiculate and minutely tailed . 7. iS. barbeyiana.
None of the leaves subrosulate.

Leaves linear, 4-9 lin. long . , . . 8. 'S\ chironioides.

Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 2-3 lin. long . . 9. S.- pratemis.

Leaves subulate, 1-1^ lin. long . . . 10. iS. IVelwUschii.

1. S. crassulsefolia, Cham, d' Schlecht. in Llniuca, i. IDo.
Annual, erect, |— IJ ft. high, glabrous. Stems simple or sparingly
branched from near the base, narrowly -l-winged. Leaves orbicular-
cordate, obtuse, apiculate. Cymes often in an elongate panicle, some-
times flat-topped, many- flowered. Flowers 5-merous. Sepals \~\ in.
long, 1-1| lin. broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, very narrowly
winged on the keel. Corolla-tube 3 lin. long ; lobes 4-^) lin. long, 'l-'2j^
lin. broad, spathulate-oblong, obtuse. Staminal-filaments 1-H lin.
long ; anthers 1 lin. long, tipped with a minute gland. Style 3 J-4 lin.
long, with or without a tubercular thickening near the base ; stigma
oblong, twice as long as broad. — Griseb. Gen. et Sp. Gent. 108, and in
DC. Prod. ix. 53 ; Schinz in Viertelj. Naturf. Ges. Zurich, xxxvii. ;;i'3.

XMCozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Lukingra YiWU, Johnson ! Hritish
Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Zoinba Plateau, 5000 ft'., Whyiel tup of Mount
Zomba, Bachanan^^^Si^ ! Tuchila Plateau, 6000 ft., Partes^ 103 !

Also in South Africa.

2. S* oreophila, Gilg in Engl Jahrb. xxx. 377, ?>!><, fiys. (.'-(J.
An erect annual up to \h ft. high; stems acutely quadningular,
branched above. Leaves distant, amplexicaul, cordate-opl)ic'ular, \-\
in. long and equally broad, minutely apiculate. Inflorescence a very
compound panicle, with cymose branches; cymes :>-lU-flo\vered, rather
dense; pedicels short ; bracts minute, oblong or lanceolate. Sepals .»,
ovate-lanceolate, very acute, \ in. long, narrowly wing-keeled. Corolla -
tube as long as the calyx ; lobes 5, oblanceolate, obtuse, as long as tlie

548 Lxxxvii. GENTiANE.E (bakek AND brown). [Scbcea.

tube. Stamens half as long as the corolla-lobes; filaments longer than
the anthers, which are tipped with a gland. Style 3 lin. long, slender,
with a tubercular thickening ; stigma minute, subcapitate, bilobed.

IKEozaxnb. Slst. German East Africa: in shady meadows on the borders of the
forest, Kin}ika Mountiins, Kinga (Livingstone) Range, 8500 ft., Goetze, 945!

3. S. leiostyla, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxvi. 07. An erect annual
1-2 ft. high, branching from about the middle ; branches erect. Leaves
dibtant, cordate-orbicular, minutely apiculate. Flowers 5-merous, in
dense terminal cymes. Sepals 2J-o lin. long, J-1 lin. broad, oblong
and mucronate, or narrowly oblong-lanceolate and acuminate, narrowly
wing-keeled. Corolla-tube 2-2J lin. long; lobes 2i-2| lin. long,
obovate-oblong, obtuse. Staminal-filaments ^-1 lin. long ; anthers
linear, tipped with a gland. Style 2|-3 lin. long, with or without a
tubercular thickening near its base; stigma oblong, laterally com-
pressed.

Mozaxub. Sist. Britisli Central Africa : Nyasalsmd ; North Nyasa, Whyte I
Sliire Highlands, Buchanan, 2081 near Blantyie, Last ! and without precise locality,
Buchanan, 200 ! 270.

The styles are either smooth or with tubercles in different flowers from the same
cyme.

4. S. schimperiana. Bucking, ex Schiveinf. Beitr. Fl. Aelhiop. 127.
Annual, erect, 8-12 in. high, glabrous ; stem simple or branching at
the base, narrowly 4-winged ; internodes J-| in. long. Leaves 1^-3
lin. long, 2-3|- lin. broad, sessile, reniform or cordate-orbicular, obtuse,
apiculate. Cyme terminal, moderately compact, its main branches |-J
in. long, several-flowered. Flowers 5-merous ; pedicels 0-1 lin. long;
sepals 2-2}^ lin. long, 1 lin. broad, oblong, acute, very thin and
membranous; keel narrowly winged ; corolla-tube about 2 lin. long;
lobes 1| lin. long, |-| lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, apparently slightly
concave ; stamens exserted ; filaments J-J lin. long ; anthers J lin. long,
oblong, tipped with a minute gland at the apex, becoming recurved ;
style f-1 lin. long, with a tubercular thickening below the middle ;
stigma capitate, hemispherical, truncate at the base, slightly bilobed,
much shorter than broad. — *S'. crassulifolia, var. hreviflora, Schweinf.
Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 127. • S. hrachypliylla, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop.
Afr. 335, partly ; Schinz in Yiertelj. Naturforsch. Ges. Zurich, xxxvii.
32C, partly ; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxvi. 100, partly, not of Grise-
bach.

Urile Iiand. Abyssinia : Samen ; Mount Eachit, 11,000 ft., Schimper, 151
(ex Schioeinfurth) ; Begemeder ; Mount Gunii, 10,800 ft., Schiynper^ 1459!

Tills plant differs from S. multinodis, X. E. Br., and 5. hrachyphyUa, Griseb.,
with which it Inis hitlierto been confused, in its mc.re membranous and broader
sepals, recurved anthers, more slender style and truncate-based stigma.

5. S, multinodis, X. E. Br. An erect glabrous annual -J-2 ft.
high, usually branching at or near the base j stems with numerous

Sebcea.] lxxxvii. gentiane^ (baker and brown). 541)

internodes ^-Ih in. long, narrowly 4-winged. Leaves sessile, J-A-
in. long and broad, orbicular-cordate, obtuse or minutely apiculate.
Inflorescence of each main stem elongate ; branches not all reaching to
the same level ; cymes dense, compact, subcapitate, many-flowered,
their main branches i-§ in. long; pedicels J-IJ lin. long, i'lowers :>-
Jiierous. Sepals green, 2-2-^- lin. long, j-jf lin. broad, lanceolate or
oblong, acute ; keel narrowly winged ; corolla yellow; tube l|-2 lin.
long; lobes 1|-U lin. long, §-f lin. broad, elliptic-oblong or spathu-
late-obovate, obtuse, minutely apiculate, erect at the basal part,
spreading above the middle ; stamens exserted ; filaments ^-h lin. long ;
anthers J lin. long, straight, oblong, tipped with a minute gland.'
Style J-1 lin. long, with or without a slight tubercular thickenin^^ :
stigma compressed-ovoid, narrowed into the style, twice as long as
broad. — S. hrachyphylla, Hook. fil. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. IG, and vii.
206 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. ;335, partly; Schinz in Viertelj.
Naturforsch. Ges. Zurich, xxxvii. 32G, partly; Gilg in Engl. Jahrb.
xxvi. 100, partly; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 705, not of Grise-
bach.

Upper G-uinea. Canieroons : Cameroon Mountain, 7000-8500 ft., Mnnn,
1239! 1983! Johnston,S\ Fretu-s, 633a, 633b (ex Gil^) \ Fernando Po: Clarence
Peak, 8500-10,000 ft., Mann, 320! 598!

N-ile I.and. Uganda: Kuwenzori, 5000-6000 ft., Scott- Elliot, 7685 I British
East Africa ; Mbaruk Stream, above 6000 ft., Lake Elmeteita, Scott-Elliot, 6758 !
Ukiimba, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-ElHot, 6444!

Iiower Guinea. Angola: Huilla ; near Lopollo, 45C0»-5500 ft, Welioifsch,
1520 !

XMCozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ;. Marangu, 8800 ft.,
Volkens, 1114 ! 861 (ex Gilg), Schneequelle, 12,900 ft., Meyer, 102 (ex Oilj).

This couspicnously differs from S. b-rachyphylla, Griseb., in having more
numerous and muili shorter internodes, much denser cymes, with very much sliorter
brandies and more numerous flowers.

6. S. affinis, Welio. ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. 70G. An
erect annual 8-12 in. high ; stems slender, narrowly 4- winged.
Radical leaves rosulate, broadly elliptic, obtuse ; stem leaves ses.sile,
ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, somewhat narrowed at the ba.se.
Panicle laxly corymbose ; pedicels short, unequal. Flowers o-merous.
Sepals J-l in. long, acutely keeled, obtusely acuminate, with bioad
white membranous edges. Corolla \-'^ in. long ; tube rather inHated ;
lobes ovate-acuminate. Stamens exserted ; filaments very slioit ;
anthers obtusely sagittate at the base, tipped with a gland. Style
short ; stigma longer than the style, subprismatic-clavate.

Ziover Guinea. Angola: Mossamedcs ; by tlie River Bero, near Cavalboiros,
only one specimen seen, Welwitsch, 1519.

7. S. barbeyiana, Schinz in Viertelj. Naturf. GeseU. Zurich,
xxxvii. 32G. An erect annual 3-7 in. high, glabrous in all its parts ;

550 Lxxxvii. GENTiANEiE (baker AND brown). [Sebcea^

usually much branched at the base ; branches very slender. Leaves
membranous, sessile, J-| in. long, 2^—1 lin. broad, ovate-oblong,
obtuse, r)-nerved, the lower more or less subrosulate. Cymes lax,
elongated, few or several -flowered ; pedicels 1-7 lin. long, very slender,
erect. Flowers r)-merous. Sepals J-^. in. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
much imbricate, pallid, with a green wingless keel. Corolla-tube as
long as the calyx; segments 1^ lin. long, oblong, obtuse. Anthers
subsessile at the mouth of the corolla-tube, linear, very minutely apicu-
late at the apex and tailed at the base. Style j-1 lin. long, with a
linear tubercular thickening J of its length at the middle ; stigma
compressed, ovoid-oblong, sometimes bifid.

Iiower Guinea. German South-west Africa : in tlie bed of the White Xosob
Kivcr, Schi7iz, 485.

nXozaxub. Bist. Zambesi : on an island at the Victoria Falls, Kirk !

8. S. chironioides, Gilg in En<jl. Jahrh. xxvi. 101. An erect
slender annual, 10— 12 in. high, simple or sparingly branched above.
Leaves sessile, linear, acute, J-t in. long, uppermost setaceous. Cymes
lax, 3-10-flowered. Sepals ^ in. long, ovate-lanceolate, veiy acute;
keel not very conspicuous. Corolla reddish or purple when dried ; tube
broadly cylindric, ^ in. long; lobes ovate, acute, \ in. long, 1| lin.
broad. Staminal-filaments 1 lin. long; anthers linear-oblong, tipped
with a minute gland. Ovary large, ovoid-oblong ; style very short, up
to ^ lin. long ; stigma clavate, 2-lobed.

IiOiver Guinea. Anpfola : Huilla, Antunes, 60.

B. S. pratensis, Gilfj in Engl. Jahrh. xxx. o77, 378, figs. A-F.
An erect annual ; stems simple, glabrous, filiform, 3-4 in. long.
Leaves in 3-4 distant pairs, 1-3 lin. long, sessile, ovate, oblong-ovate or
ovate-cordate and half-clasping the stem (but figured as lanceolate), acute.
Cymes lax, terminal, 3-5-flowered, or flowers solitary; pedicels 2—6
lin. long. Sepals 5, oblong, acute, 2i-3i- lin. long, wing-keeled.
Corolla-tube cylindric, 2^ lin. long ; lobes 5, oblong, twice as long as
the tube. Filaments short, subulate ; anthers linear, basifixed, without
apical glands. Style elongate, without tubercles; stigma oblong, com-
pressed.

IMtozamb. Dist. German East Africa : in dry meadows on the Ukvvama
Mountains, Kinga (Livingstone) Kange, 8200 ft., Goetze, 916 !

10. S. Welwitschii, Schinz in Viertelj. Naturforsch. Ges.
Zurich, xxxvii. (1891) 321. Stems very slender, erect, \ ft. long,
simple or slightly branched. Leaves few, minute, 1-1 i lin. long,
subulate, sessile, ascending. Cymes very lax, few-flowered ; pedicels
J;-| in. long, erect ; bracts green, ovate-lanceolate, minute. Flowers
4-(;-merous. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, J in. long, imbricate, pallid,
with a strong green keel. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; lobes
oblong, as long as the tube. — Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 443 ; Hiern in
Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 705.

S^csa.]

LXXXVII. GENTIANEit: (bAKER AND BBOWN),

551

Xaower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; i)arasitlcal on prrasses and Ci/peracea, in
swampy places alonj? the River Monino, Welwitsch, 1521, and alorj-; tlic River
Humpata, WehcUscK 1522 !

Very near the Himalayan S. kJiasiana, C. R. Clarke in Journ. Linn Soc xiv
438.

3. BELMONTIA, E.

Meyer; Benth. et Hook. f. Oen.
PI ii. H04.

Fl. Tt

rs (1836).

Calyx cleft nearly or quite to the base ; segments 4-5, ovate or
lanceolate, more or less winged on the keel. Corolla- tube longer
than the calyx, funnel-shaped or cylindric ; segments 4-5, spreading.
Stamens 4-5, included in the corolJa-tube ; filaments short ; anthers
oblong or linear, with a gland at the tip and often also two at the
base. Ovary globose, 2-celled ; placentas axile ; ovules many in a cell ;
style subulate ; stigma oblong. Capsule globose, membranous,
septicidally 2-valved. Seeds many, minute. — Annual or rarely
perennial erect herbs. Leaves opposite, sessile. Flowers solitary or in
terminal dichotomous cymes.

Species ahont 20, of which 2 are natives of Madagascar, the others in South
Africa.

A slightly-earlier name for the genns is Parasia, Rafin.
Corolhi-lohes yV-^ in. long.

Keel of sepals narrowly winged.

Leaves linear .....
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.
Leaves ^-1$ lin, long .
Leaves 1^,-3 lin. long .
Leaves ^, in. long ....
Leaves ovate ....
Keel of sepals hi*o;idly winged
Corolla-lobes \-h in. long.

Corolla-tnbe funnel-shaped in the n})per half.
Plant 1-3 in. high .
Plant 3-15 in. liigli .
Corolla-tnhe cylindrical, very ^hnder.
Calyx ^-'i in. long .
Calyx ^-f in. long .

1. B. gracilis, Welw. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvii. 47. Stems very
slender, erect, 4-0 in. long, simple or once forked, 4-anoled. l>eaves
in 2-4 pairs, linear, ascending, J-1 in. long. Flowers solitary, erect or
nodding; pedicels |-3 in. long. Sepals 5, lanceolate, acuniinate, J- \
in. long, pallid, with a narrowly-winged green keel. Corolla-tube not
longer than the calyx, narrowly funnel-shaped in the upper half; lobes
5, oblong, yV in. long. Stamens inserted at the middle of th»» tulx'.
Schinz in Viertelj. Naturforsch. Ges. Ziirich, xxxvii. (ISDl) :;;'.;{; Kngl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. ;^>o(;. Parasia gracilis, Uiein in Cat. A fr.
PI. Welw. i. 70S.

Xiower Guinea. Angola : Hnilla ; snh]iarasitic, in spongy places in wihxI .1
parts ot the northern region of the River Monino, Welwitsch, 1524!

. 1.

B. qra-ilis.

2
. 3.
. 4.

o.
. G.

B. oJiqnutha.
B. del His.
B. zamhesiaca.
B. pinnila.
B. jilafi/pfera.

7.

. 8.

B. prim 1(1 (pflora.
B. qrandis.

. 0.
. 10.

B. viprhnfriana.
B. Teitszii.

552 Lxxxvii. GENTiANE^ (baker AND BROWN). [Belmontia.

2. B. oligantha, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxvi. 102. Stem filiform,
erect, J-l| in. long. Leaves few, sess^ile, lanceolate, acute, o-^i ^i^-
long. Flowers 1-3; pedicels J in. long. Sepals 5, lanceolate, very
acute, |-J in. long, slightly keeled. Corolla | in. long; tube sub-
cylindrical; lobes 1-lJ lin, long, oblong, obtuse. Stamens inserted in
the upper half of the corolla-tube ; anthers oblong, tipped with a large
gland. Style short ; stigma cylindrical.

Ko-wer Guinea. Gnbooii : Munda; Sibaiige Farm, ISoijoux.

'3. B. debilis, Schinz in Viertelj. Xaturforsch. Ges. Zilrich, xxxvii.
(1891) i>32. Plant very small, h-2 in. high, simple or branched,
apparently perennial, glabrous. Leaves in few pairs, lanceolate,
ascending, J in. long. Pedicels Ij-^ lin. long, erect. Sepals 5,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, J in. long, narrowly-winged on the green
keel. Corolla-tube 2J-2| lin. long, narrowly funnel-shaped in the
upper half ; lobes 5, obovate, 1^^ Jin. long. Stamens inserted at the
middle of the corolla-tube. — l^xochcenium debile, Weiw. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxvii. 48. Parasia debilis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 708.

JmO-wct Guinea. Angola : Pungo Aiuiongo ; mudtly places at Lake Quibinda
on tlie right bank of t'.ie lliver Cnije, Welwitsch, 1511 !

4. B. zaxnbesiaca. Baker in Keio Bulletin, 1894, 25. Plant o-^-
in. high in the only specimen seen. Stem slender, erect, simple, 4-
angled. Leaves in 3 pairs, lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, ascending,
at most J in. long. Flowers solitary ; pedicel 10 lin. long. Sepals ovate-
lanceolate, J in. long, with a narrow wing to the green keel. Corolla-
tube 5 lin. long, narrowly funnel-shaped in the upper half; lobes
obovate-cuneate, \ in. long. Stamens inserted at about the middle of
the corolla- tube.

XMCozamb. I>lst. Rhodesia : Leshumo Valley, south of the Zambesi, Holuh !

5. B. pumila, Baker in Kew Balleti)i, 1894, 25. Stems slender,
erect, 1^-2 in, long, 1-4-flowered, 4-angled. Leaves in 3-5 pairs,
ovate or oblong, subacute, ^-^- in. long, spreading or the lowest
deflexed. Pedicels very short, erect. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, ^ in.
long, pallid, with a narrowly-winged green keel. Corolla-tube half as
long again as the calyx, narrowly funnel-shaped in the upper half ;
lobes obovate, 1 lin. long. Stamens inserted below the middle of the
corolla-tube. Cai3sule yV^i ^"- ^^ diam.

Upper Guinea. Niger Territory : Xupe ; in a swamp at Loni, Barter,
1680!

G. B. platyptera, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 2^). Stem
very slender, l|^-2 in. long, 4-winged, simple or branched, 1-5-
flowered. Leaves in few pairs, ovate, acute, spreading, cuneate at
the base, \-\ in. long. Pedicels J-J in. long, recurving. Sepals 5,
ovate, \ in. long; keel green, conspicuously winged. Corolla-tube
cylindrical, about 3 J lin. long lobes 5, obovate, 1-1 J lin. long.^

J

Belmoniia.] lxxxvii. gentiane.*: (baker and brown). iib'i

•Stamens inserted abov^e the middle of the corolla-tuVje. — Parasia
jylati/ptera, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 70C.

Iiower Guinea. Angoln : Pungo Anclongo; in moist sandy places between
Lombe and Quibiiida, WeltoUsch, 1512! and by the Kiver Cimnza, near Muta
Lucala, Welwitsch, 1512a.

7. B. primulseflora, Schinz in Viertelj. Xatavforsch. (Jes. Zurich,
xxxvii. (1891) o32. Plant l-o in. high, branching from the base or
with 1 simple stem, erect, glabrous, 1-15-flovvered. Leaves in few
pairs, lanceolate, ascending, ^-j in. long. Pedicels ^-9 lin. long, erect.
Sepals 5, lanceolate, |-^ in. long; keel winged. Corolla-tube \^-h in.
long, funnel-shaped in the upper half : lobes suborbicular, |-^ in. long.
Stamens inserted below the middle of th6 corolla-tube. — Engl.
HochgebirgsH. Trop. Afr. ;^86. Parasia primuUflora, Hiern in Cat.
Afr. PI. Welw. i. 707. Exochcuniuni jn'inndcpjiorum, Welw. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxvii. 47.

JtO-wer Guinea. Angola: Huilla; by the Kiver I'alanca, near Hunii)ata,
Newton I spongy pastures in Alon-o de Lopollo, towards Hnnij)atiJ, aliove 5300 ft.,
Welwitsch, 1513! swampy places by the Hivcr Monino, Welwitsch, 1513b, and on
lofty moxmtain slo})es between Lopollo and Gambos, Welioitsch, 1514 ! by the Itiver
Ounene, Johnston !

8. B. grandis, E. Meyer, Comm. ii. 183. Plant ;>-15 in. high,
l-15-flo\vered. Stem simple or branched, erect, 4-angled. Leaves in
few pairs, distant, linear or lanceolate, ascending, J-lJ in. long, !-">
lin. broad. Pedicels 1-2^ in. long. Flowers erect or horizontal.
Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, 0-11 lin. long ; keel winged, green. Corolla-
tube 7-10 lin. long, broadly funnel-shaped in the upper half ; lobes ."),
suborbicular, ^-J in. long, acute. Stamens inserted below the middle
of the corolla-tube. — Schinz in Viertelj. Naturforsch. Ges. Zurich,
xxxvii. (1891) 330; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 33G. ParcLsia
grandis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 707. Exochcenium grande,
(iriseb. in DC. Prod. ix. 55 ; Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 49.

STile Iiand. Uganda : Ankole, Doggett I

^Lower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; nenr Lopollo, Welthitscti, \'i\iS\

IVXozamb. Hist. Gentian East Africa: Usagara, ex Etiglm- ; Kondeland ;
mountains near Langeuburg, Goetze, 856. Portuguese Ertst Africa : .M'edo country,
between Lujemia Kiver and Ibi), Last !

Also in South Africa.

9. B. mechowiana, Vatke ex Schinz in Viertelj. Xaturforsch. Ges.
Zurich, xxxvii. (1891) 333. Stem very slender, simple, 10-20 in. long,
usually 1-flowered. Leaves in 4-8 pairs, linear- lanceolate, a-scending, at
most J in. long, J-1^ lin. broad. Pedicels '2\-o\ in. long, naked,
erect. " Sepals 5, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 3-5 lin. long ; keel
prominent, acute or narrowly winged, green. Corolla-tube very
slender, cylindric, |-1 in. long ; lobes 5, elliptic, acute, 5 (i lin. long.
Stamens inserted at -5 of the length of the corolla-tiibe.

Iiower Guinea. Angola: by the Kiver Haniba. 7V«.vr, 5(t3 !

554 Lxxxvii. GENTiANE^ (baker AND brown). [Behnoutia.

10. B. Teuszii, SchAnz in Viertelj. Nalurforsch. Ges. Zurichy
xxxvii. (1891) :]35. Stems slender, erect, 9-16 in. long, simple or
forked, 4-angled. Leaves in 4-() pairs, oblong-lanceolate, ascending.
J-} in. long. Flowers 1-4 to a stem. Pedicels H-4 in. long, naked^
erect. Sepals 5, lanceolate, acuminate, J-| in. long ; keel green, very
prominent, acute, scarcely winged. Corolla-tube slender, cylindric,.
l-l-J in. long; lobes 5, spreading, lanceolate, acute, 10-13 lin. long,
4J -G lin. broad. Stamens inserted at about the middle of the corolla-
tube, — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 380. Tachiadenvs continentcdiSy
Baker in Kevv Bulletin, 1895, 70.

Xiower Guinea. Angola : damp meadows at Malange, Teitsz, 387 !

South Central. Congo Free State : basin of the liiver TiUalaba below Nzibi,
iriari .

Mozamb. Blsta British Central Africa : Urungu, Fwambo, Carson^ 33 !

4. CHIRONIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 805.

Calyx 5-cleft to i or nearly to the base ; lobes lanceolate.
Corolla-tube sliort ; lobes 5, spreading, contorted. Stamens 5,
inserted at the throat of the corolla, much exserted ; filaments short ;
anthers linear-oblong, straight or spirally twisted. Ovary ovoid or
globose, 1 -celled ; placentas little intruded, bifid ; ovules numerous ;
.style subulate, curved ; stigma entire or shortly 2-lobed. Fruit usually
capsular, rarely baccate, septicidally 2-valved, rarely subacute. Seeds
many, globose, foveolate. — Much-branched glabrous herbs. Leaves
sessile, broad or narrow. Inflorescence eymose or cymose-paniculate.

Species about 30, the others in South Africa and Madagascar.

Cyme densely uiany-ilowered ; Howers erect, fnsti-

giate 1, C. Krehsii.

Cyme or panicle lax ; flowers not fastigiate.
Cyme-branches erect or ascending.
Anthers much twisted, 1-2 lin. long.

Stem-leaves oblong or lanceolate . , . 2. C. erythrceodes.

Stem-leaves linear . . . . . 3. C. humilis.

Anthers straight or slightly twisted, 2-3.] lin,

long . . . . . . . 4. C. transvaalensis,

Cyme-branclies widely spreading.

Leaves linear or lanceolate, 2-3 in. long . . 5. C angolensis.

Leaves broadly ovate, ^-1 in. long . . . 6. C. laxijlora.

1. C. Krebsii, Griseh. Gen, et Sj>. Gent. 98. Stem 2-3 ft. long,
terete, scape-like, stiffly erect, bearing only 2-3 pairs of reduced leaves.
Basal leaves densely tufted, spathulate- or linear-oblanceolate, obtuse,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, 4-9 in. long, \ in. broad above the middle,
tapering gradually to a long narrow base. Cyme elongate, densely
many-flowered ; branches erect, close together, with fastigiate flowers.
Calyx \ in. long ; segments 5, lanceolate, acute. Corolla bright pink ;
tube rather longer than the calyx ; lobes lanceolate, acute, as long as

Chironia.] Lxxxvii. gentiane^ (baker and brown). 555

the tube. Anthers 1-1;?} lin. long, twisted. Style overtopping the
anthers. — C. densijt or a, Scott-EWiot in Journ. Bot. 1891, 09.

Mozamb. I>ist. British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; Mount Zomba, 4000-
6000 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 271 I

2. C. erythraeodes, //{er?i in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. 709. An erect
glaucous-green annual, about 1 ft. high, rather fleshy. Stems several,
narrowly 4-winged. Root-leaves rosulate, ses.sile, f-lA in, long, |-^, in.
broad, obovate-spathulate, obtuse. Stem-leaves suberect, oblong or
lanceolate, shorter than the internodes, 1 in. or less long, semi-amplexi-
caul. Panicle ovoid, rather lax ; pedicels slender. Calyx campanulate,
deeply 5-lobed ; segments lanceolate, acuminate, \ in. long. Corolla
deep rosy-red, about 4 in. long ; tube very short, campanulate ; lobes
ovate, J in. long. Staminal-filaments ^^J in. long, linear-lanceolate ;
anthers ^ in. long, oblong, spirally twisted.

]Lo\irer Guinea. Angola: Huilla; by swamps near LopoUo, 5000 ft., rare,
Welivitsch, 1525.

8. C. humilis, Gilg in Enyl. Jahrb. xxvi. 105. Plant 4-14 in.
high, glabrous, apparently perennial or biennial. Rootstock slender,
producing 1-7 erect stems cymosely branched above. Radical leaves
rosulate, J-2 in. long, 1-21 lin. broad, spathulate, linear, or linear-
oblanceolate, obtuse; stem leaves in 4-8 pairs, j-lj in. long, linear,
subacute. Cymes rather lax, somewhat flat-topped or subpaniculate,
3- to many-flowered ; all or ultimate branchy assuming the character
of pedicels, but bibracteate close under the calyx, ascending Sepals 5,
narrowly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, o-4 lin. long, J-1 lin. broad at
the base. Corolla bright pink; tube '2-2h lin. long; lobes 5-0 lin.
long, 2-d lin. broad, oblanceolate or obovate-acute. Anthers l-\\ lin.
long, very much twisted. Style 2^-3 lin. long; stigma ovoid. — C.
Wilmsii, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxvi. 105. C. purpiirdscens, Rolfe in
Gates, Matabeleland, ed. 2, 404, not of Benth. ct Hook. f.

XtXozaxnb. I>ist. Rhodesia : Ingan<;a ]\rountains, 6000-7000 ft., Ere/j/n Cecil,
190 ! Matabeleland, Gates !

Also in South Africa.

4. C. transvaalensis, Gihj in Eiujl. Jahrb. xxvi. inO. Plant
1-2-J ft. high, glabrous, perennial or biennial ? Stems terete, cymosely
branched above. Radical leaves rosulate, l-ll in. long, J-.\ in. broad,
spathulate-obovate or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or acute ; stem-leaves
up to the inflorescence in 4-8 distant pairs, erector a.scendiog. 1-:^>J in.
long, 1-3J lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute. Cyme lax,
elongate or flat-topped, 5-18-flowered, with ascending branches.
Pedicels h-2h in. long, ascending. Sepals 2J,-3 lin. long, J-1 lin.
broad, ovate-fanceolate, tapering to a very acute point, rather stoutly
and rigidly keeled. Corolla bright pink ; tube o lin. long ; lobes 0-8
lin. long, '2h-'^)h lin. broad, lanceolate, acute. Anthers 2-3J. lin. long,
straight or "slightly twisted. Style j-J in. long; stigma compressed-
ovoid, shortly bilobed.

.056 Lxxxvii. GKNTiANE^ (baker AND brown). [Chi?'onia.

Mozamb. I>ist. Kliodesia: Umtali, in marshy ground, Hon. Mrs. Evelyn
Cecil, 162 ! Leshuino Valley, south of the Zambesi, Uolub 1
Also in South Africa,

5. C. angolensiSy Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxvi. 104. A glabrous
perennial. Rootstock woody, producing 2-5 stems 2-4|^ ft. high,
simple below, branched above, narrowly 4-v7inged. Leaves 2-3 in. long,
J-J in. broad, lanceolate to linea-r, acute or acuminate, 3-nerved,
spreading, bright green. Panicle about 1 ft. long and 9-10 in. broad,
lax ; branches widely spreading, trichotomously 3-0-flowered ; pedicels
f-lf in. long. Sepals 5, narrowly lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, J— J
in. long, l-lj lin. broad at the base, glaucescent-green. Corolla bright
rose-pink; tube J in. long; lobes |-| in. long, \-\ in. broad, lanceo-
late, very acute. Stamens 5 ; filaments 2 lin. long, slightly dilated at
the base, inserted about 1 lin. below the corolla-sinuses ; anthers 3^ lin.
long, oblong, spirally twisted, rugose, yellow. Style 4^-5 lin. long ;
stigma 1-1 f lin. long, oblong, shortly bilobed at the apex. — Hiern in
Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 709.

IiO'wer Guinea* Angola : Huilla ; rocky slopes of the Chella Mountains,
4000 ft., not far from Muuipulla, Welioitsch, 1526 ! Chella Mountains, Johnston !

G, C. laxiflora. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 25. Stem long,
slender, 4-angled. Leaves distant, ovate, acute, J-1 in. long. Inflor-
escence a very lax panicle ; branches widely spreading, cymosely 2-7-
flowered ; pedicels -J-lJ in. long. Calyx \-^ in. long ; segments 5, lanceo-
late, acuminate. Corolla pale pink ; tube shorter than the calyx ; lobes
5, lanceolate, 5-7 lin. long. Anthers much twisted, ^-\ in. long. Style
curved. Fruit capsular, as long as the calyx. — C. ruhrocoeridea, Gilg in
Engl. Jahrb. xxx. 379.

l^ozamb. Sist. German East Africa: Usufiia; hanks of streams on the
lower slopes of the Poroto Mountains, 5900 It., Goetze, 104-9 (ex Gilg). British
Central Africa: Xyasaland; Manganja Hills, 3000 ft. Meller ! near Sochi Hill,
Kirk ! hetween Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyie ! Nyika I'lateau,
6000-7000 ft., Whyte, 141 ! Urunga"; Fwambo, 5200 ft., Nult !

5. ERYTHEMA, L. C. Rich. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 809.

Calyx tubular, shortly 5-cleft. Corolla-tube long or short ; lobes
5, rarely 4, spreading, contorted. Stamens inserted in the corolla-
tube; filaments filiform ; anthers twisted. Ovary 1-celled ; placentas much
inflexed ; style subulate ; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule oblong, septicidally
2-valved. Seeds numerous, minute, foveolate. — Annual or perennial
herbs. Leaves sessile or amplexicau I. Flowers in terminal dichotomous
cymes, usually red.

Species nmnerou=, principally iidiahiting the north temperate zone, but extending
to Australia and Chili.

1. E. ramosissima, Pers. ; Griseb. in DC. Prod. ix. 57. Stems
erect, usually much branched, i-1^ ft. long. Leaves in many pairs, oblong
or lanceolate, J-1 in. long. Cymes few- or many-flowered, with single

ErythrcEci?^ lxxxvii. oentiane^ (baker and browx).

;)o/

flowers in the forks; pedicels short. Calyx cylindric, \~\ in. long;
teeth linear, 4-5-times as long as the tube. Corolla-tube "'cylindrical,'
longer than the calyx; limb bright red, ,1 in. long; segments ovate'
Stamens inserted at the throat of the tube, shorter than the segments.
—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 54 ; Engl. Hochgebirgfl. Trop, Afr. :i::{0.
K. pulchella^ Hornem. in Fl. Dan. t. 1G;^7.

Wile I.and. Eritrea: Hnicliello Kokab, nortli of Acrur, 5200 ii., Schwein
fxirih ^ Bira, 1101! Abyssinia: nenr Adowa, Sckimper, 1100, and near Adili
Selgeniie, Schimper^ 507 (ex Engler) ; Sliireh Province, Quarliu Dillon/

Widely spread in the temperate zone of the Old World.

(;. SCHINZIELLA, Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 74.

Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla equally 4-lobed ; tube very much shorter
than the lobes. Stamens 4, unequal, 3 sterile, 1 larger, fertile. Ovary
1-celled, with parietal placentas; stigma 2-lobed. — Kerb with small
green leaves. Flowers crowded in large terminal cymes.

Species 1, endemic.

1 . S. tetragona, Gilg, I.e. Stem above 1 ft. long, narrowly 4-winged.
Leaves sessile, oblong-ovate, obtuse or apiculate, subcoriaceous, \-\ in.
long by half as broad. Flowers many, sessile or shortly stalked. Calyx
\ in. long ; lobes 1 lin. long, broadly deltoid, apiculate, o-nerved. Corolla
J- in. long, yellow ; lobes \ in. long, 1 lin. broad, much longer than the
tube. Style nearly 2 lin. long; stigma shortly 2-lobed. — Canscoru
Utrayona, Schinz in Yiertelj. Naturforsch. Ges. Ziirich, xxxvii. (1871)
338.

laower Guinea. Angola : 'Mafange, Mechoiv, 418.

7. CANSCORA, Lam.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 8U.

Calyx-tube terete or winged ; teeth usually 4. Corolla-tube cylindric ;
lobes 4, much shorter than the tube. Stamens 4, inserted at difierent
heights in the corolla-tube, usually only one perfect ; filaments short ;
anthers ovate or oblong. Ovary 1-celled ; placentas slightly intruded ;
ovules many; style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule cylindrical, mem-
branous, 2-lobed. Seeds many, minute, rugose. — Much branched erect
annuals. Upper leaves sometimes connate. Cymes lax, terminal.
Flowers small, pink or white.

Species 12, chiefly natives of Tropical Asia.

Calyx 4^5 lin. long \. C. decvssaia.

Calyx not more than 2\ lin. long.

Panicle rather diffuse; pedicels 3-7 lin. long . 1. C.dxfusa.
Panicle contracted ; pedicels 1-3 lin. long . 3. C. Kirkii.

1. C. decussata, Boem. et Schultes; Griseh. in DC Pro'L ix. (•4.
More robust than C. diffusa ; stems conspicuously 4-winged. Leaves
lanceolate, acute, J-1 in. long. Flowers laxly cymose; pedicels stout,

558 Lxxxvii. GENTiANE^ (baker AND brown). [Causcora.

4-winged. Calyx 4-5 lin. long; tube ventricose; teeth ovate-lanceo-
late. Corolla white or pale pink; lobes much shorter than the tube,
obovate, 2h lin. long. Perfect stamen 1. Capsule shorter than the calyx.

upper Guinea. Southoru Nigeria : Oguriule, Holland, 266 ! Onitsa, Barter,
1755 !

I^ile Xiand. BoDgo : Duggudu, Schweinfurth, 2695! Sabbi, Schweinfurth,
2614!

Kower Guinea. Lower Congo : Stanley Pool, Calleioaert /

South Central. Congo Free State : Mtowa, on Lake Tanganyika, Descamps.

lHozamb. Sist. Pemba Island, Bojer ! Prit'sh Central Africa: Nyasaland;
K^ndowe to Karonga, Whyte, 81 !

Also in Madagascar and Tropical Asia.

2. C. diffusa, R. Br. ; Grweh. in DC. Prod. ix. 64. A much-
branched erect annual ; stems slender, 4-a.ngled, J-2 ft. long. Leaves
membranous ; upper ovate, acute, short ; lower narrowed to the base,
1—1 7^ in. long. Flowers very numerous, in a lax rather diffuse cymose
panfcle ; pedicels 3-7 lin. long. Calyx J in. long, not winged ; teeth 4,
subulate, erect, ^-| lin. long. Corolla pink ; tube as long as the calyx ;
lobes unequal, much shorter than the tube, ovate. Stamens unequal.
Capsule shorter than the calyx. — Benth. in Hook Niger Fl. 460. —
Orthostemon erectum, R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 451.

upper Guinea. Senegal, Heudelot, 170! Sie;ra Leone: Kofiu Mountain,
Scott-Elliot, 4505, and without precise locality, Don. Niger Territory : Nupe,
Barter, 806 !

JTile Iiand. Nnbia, Zb^scZ/f/, 488! Mittu : KxxMn, Schweinf art?/., 2^14:.

nXozaml). Sist. British Central Africa : Nyasa,land; Mpata and commence-
ment of the Tanganyika Plateau, Whyte ! Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte !

Also in Madagascar, Tropical Asia and Australia.

3. C, Kirkii, N. E. Br. Plant 6-0 in. high, branching from the
base upwards, glabrous; branches ascending or nearly erect, 4-angled,
trichotomous, several-flowered, the whole plant forming an elongate
contracted panicle of cymes. Leaves spreading, J-1 in. long, 1 J-5 lin.
broad, lanceolate or elliptic, acute. Pedicels 1-3 lin. long. Calyx-tube
1-lJ lin. long, cylindric, not winged; lobes h lin. long, deltoid, acute.
Corolla-tube IJ-lJ lin. long ; lobes subequal, j-f lin. long, i lin. broad,
elliptic-oblong, emarginate or bifid at the apex. Stamens 4, equal;
filaments J lin. long, filiform, all inserted \ lin. below the corolla-sinuses ;
anthers all alike and fertile, \ lin. long and about as broad, roundish-
cordate. Style very short ; stigma deeply divided into 2 large obovate
lobes.

IWCozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : on an island in the Zambesi at
Victoria Falls, Kirk !

Orthostemon, H. Br., should, perhaps, be letained as distinct from Canscora,
Lam., and this be referred to it as O. Kirkii, X. E. Br.

C. ramosissima, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 158, is Torenia spicata^
Engl., in Scrophulariacece.

Sckultesia.] lxxxvii. gentiane^ (baker and brown). 559

8. SCHULTESIA, Mart.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 811.

Calyx tubular, 4-winged, 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped; seg-
ments 4, broad, contorted. Stamens 4, inserted in the corolla-tube ;
filaments filiform, sometimes winged towards the base ; anthers oblong,
not twisted. Ovary 1 -celled ; placentas little or much intruded ; ovules
many; style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds small,
foveolate. — Erect simple or branched annuals. Leaves sessile.
Flowers in terminal cymes.

Species 15, natives of Tropical America.

1. S, stenophylla, var. latifolia. Mart, ex Proyel in Mart. FL
Bras. vi. i. 207. An erect annual 3-18 in. high, 3-1 8- flowered. Stems
simple or branched above, 4-angled in the upper part. Leaves in 4-r»
pairs, sessile, ovate-ianceolate or narrowly oblong, ascending, mem-
branous, J-lJ in. long. Flowers cymose, on short erect pedicels.
Calyx 6-7 lin. long, scarious, strongly winged and veined ; segments
narrowly lanceolate-subulate. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; seg-
ments obovate, J in. long and about as broad. — S. senegalensis, Baker
in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 26.

Vpper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudeloty 551 ! Gambia : by the River

Gambia, Brown-Lester, 39 !

Probably introduced from Brazil.

9. NEUROTHECA, Salisb. ex Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. 812.

Calyx tubular, 8-12-ribbed ; lobes 4. Corolla-tube narrowly funnel-
shaped or cylindric ; lobes 4, ovate, contorted. Stamens 4, inserted
below the middle of the corolla-tube and reaching to its mouth or
exserted, slightly unequal ; filaments filiform ; anthers shortly oblong,
erect, not twisted. Ovary oblong, 1-celled; placentas very slightly
intruded ; ovules many ; style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed, Capsule
membranous, 2-valved. Seeds minute, reticulated. — Dwarf herbs.
Leaves opposite. Flowers solitary (very rarely 2) in each axil, forming
long or short racemes or crowded in terminal corymb-like clusters.
Species 7, 1 also in Brazil and Guiana.
Calyx-tube unequally 12-ribbed, equalling or shorter

than the teeth 1. N. Iongideti$.

Calyx-tube equally and prominently 8-ribbed, longer
tlian the teeth.
Inflorescence occupying the greater part of the
stems.
Lower leaves ^-1 in. long ; corolla 3-4 lin. long. 2. X heselioides.
Lower leaves up to 2| in. long; corolla 5 lin.

long . . . . . . . Z. y. robusta.

Inflorescence occupying only the terminal part of
the stems.
Flowering stems often crowned with a tuft of

leaves 4. N. rupicola.

500 Lxxxvii. GEXTiANE^ (baker AND brown). IN'eurotheca..

Flowering stems not crowned witli a tuft of leaves.
Flower-pairs shortly racemose,

Internodes between the flower-pairs 6-10 lin.

long; pedicels ]i-6 lin. long . . 5. N. Schlechieri.

Internodes between the flower-j^airs 1^,-2 lir..

long ; pedicels .^-1 lin. lonir . . .6. N. congolana.

Flower-pairs congested into small corymb-like

clusters . . . . . . .7. N. corymhosa.

1. N". longidens, X. E. Br. Plant 4-12 in. high, much
hrnnched, glabrous ; branches slender, 4-angled. Leaves 2-8 lin. long,
^-8 lin. broad ; lower lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sessile or narrowed
into a petiole ; upper gradually smaller. Pedicels 0-J hn. long. Calyx-
tube J-f lin. long, with 4 prominent and 8 rather inconspicuous ribs ;
lobes longer than or equalling the tube, 1-1^ lin. long, lanceolate-
subulate, tapering to a very tine arista-like point, membranous-
margined at the base. Corolla very pale lilac; tube lJ-2 lin. long ;
lobes f-1 lin. long, § lin. broad, ovate, acute. Stamens slightly unequal,
at first reaching to about the middle of the corolla-lobes, at length, by
elongation of the filiform filaments reaching to their tips ; anthers
;^ lin. long, cordate-ovate, very obtuse, minutely apiculate, quickly
tailing off. St5'le |-1 lin. long, filiform, deciduous ; stigmatic-lobes
large, obovate, obtuse. Capsule about as long as the calyx, narrowly
oblong.

ITpper Guinea. Lagos, Moloney !

Soutli Central. Congo Free State : Bangala, on the Congo, in moist sandy
places in Manihot fields, 1000 ft., Sens, C, 103 !

ItEozamb. Slst. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Bukoba, Stuhlmann,
3^84!

2. N* Iceselioides, Oliver ere /ncZ. Kew. i. 311. Annual, 3-12 in. high,
simple or branched, erect. Stems slender, 4-angled ; flowering part longer
than the fiowerless part, racemose. Leaves membranous ; lower J-J in.
long, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate ; upper lanceolate or linear, smaller.
Pedicels i-2J lin. long. Calyx 2-2}^ lin. long, conspicuously and
equally 8-ribbed ; lobes much shorter than the tube, elongate-deltoid,
very acute, rigid. Corolla-tube 2J-3-J lin. long ; lobes about | lin. long^
ovate, pale blue. Stamens slightly unequal, about reaching to the base
of the corolla-lobes. Capsule much shorter than the calyx. —
Octoj)leura Iceselioides, Spruce ex Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. vi. i. 212, t.
58, fig. 1 ; and var. comjmcta, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 113,
t. 78, fig. B.

"Upper Guinea. Senegambia : inundated places by the River Casamanze
River, Hetidelot, 582 ! Nyayes, Sinedone, Konlaye and Koulikoro, Chevalier (ex
Hud). Sierra Leone : in forest on the way to Lester Peak, Scott-JElliot, 3853 1
French Guinea : Konakry, Maclaud (ex Sua). Southern Nigeria : Onitsa, Barter.
1761 ! Fernando Po and vicinity, Milne !

TStile Iiand. Madi: in swamps, *S'^e^e ^ Grant!
laO'^&T Guinea. French Congo: Brazzaville, moist sands of M\n\si, Brazza^
121, Thollon, 123, 4058, Byhoxvski ; Niounvoux, Lecomte, 108; Gaboon.
D'uparquet (all ox Sua').

Neurotheca.'] lxxxvii. gentiane.e (uakeu and buown). 5C1

Also in Guiana a:)d Hrazil, wliere it is probably iiilroduced,

Octopleura IceseHoides, var. grandiflora, Knol)!. in Bot. Centralljl. Ix. (1894),
362, according to Gilg in Kunene-Sambesi Kxpid, 831, is a mixture of 2 spt'cies, one
of wliich, collected by Afzelius in Sierra Leone, may be a var. of N. /(tse/ioidfit ;
the other is said to be idt-ntical with N. Baumii, Gilg, which appears indistinguisli-
able fiom N. covgolana, De Wild, k Durand.

3. W. robusta, Hua in Bull. Soc. Hot. France, xlviii. 201 and ^fifj.
Plant more robust than N. la-selioides, Bcnth., IU-12 in. Iiigli. branch-
ing at the base. Leaves up to '2] in. long, 2-3^ lin. broad, very shortly
connate, lanceolate-linear, obtuse, slightly constricted at tlie base';
lower in rosettes followed by a very small number of sterile leaves ;
upper bract-like, mostly longer than the calyx. Inflorescence occupy-
ing nearly the whole plant, racemo.se. Flowers subsessile. Calyx
equally and prominently 8-ribbed ; teeth half as long as the tube, acute.
Corolla about 5 lin. long, longer than the calyx ; tube slender, slightly
enlarged at the throat; lobes ovate, acute. Stamens included, 1
shorter than the others ; anthers oblong, very shortly ai)iculate. Style
filiform ; stigmatic lobes slightly revolute.

"Upper Guinea. Frencls Guinea : between Miinea and Frigniabe, PoArr/tn//,
13.

4. N, rupicola, Una in Bull. Sec. Bot. France, xlviii. 2\^-l and
2()G. Perennial, simple or branched. Leaves opposite or ternate :
lower forming a grass-like tuft, linear, 1-1 i lin. broad, 1-nerved, with
thickened margins, falling away after the elongation of the stem,
leaving annular scars ; stem-leaves much shelter and mostly ilowei -
bearing, equalling or shorter than the calyx. Flowering-stems often
crowned with a tuft of leaves. Calyx as in X. robusta, Hua. Corolla
^ in. long, twice as long as the calyx-tube. Anthers oblong, scarcely
apiculate. Style almost exserted ; stigma 3-lobed, revolute. Ovule.n
about 20.

Upper Guinea. French (Juinea : Bramaya, on grit-btane rocks. Faroisst,
194.

5. N, Schlechteri, Gilg ined. Plant, in the only specimen seen,
1() in. high, glabrous, annual ? Stem slender, with one branch near the
top. Leaves in about 12 distant pairs below the intloiescence, :'.-('» lin.
long, |-2^-lin. broad ; lower elliptic-ovate, obtuse, more or less narrowfd
into a^petiole ; upper sessile, erect, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse.
Inflorescence about S-l in. long, consisting of 5 distant pairs of flowers
and a lateral erect branch with 3 flowers. Pedicels U-C lin. long.
Calyx-tube 2^-d lin. long, equally and prominently 8-ribbed ; lobes
1 hn. long, deltoid, very acute. Corolla whitish in the dried state .
tube 3 lin. long, narrowly funnel-shaped; lobes 1^ lin. long, J hn.
broad, ovate, acute. Style filiform, not exserted ; stigmatic-lol es
linear, suberect, slightly exserted.

XlXozamb. Bist. Portuguese Fast Afiica: Inhambanr, Schlechter, 12087!

hC)2 Lxxxvii. GENTiANE^ (baker AND brown). [yeuvotkeca.

f». N. cougolaua, De Wild. cO Durand in Convptes-rendus Soc. Bot.
Bely. xxxviii. 08. A glabrous annual, G-1 6 in. high. Stem slender,
usually simple, with long internodes, flowering only at the apical part.
Leaves 3-0 lin. long, J-2J lin. broad ; lower morft or less crowded,
broadly oblanceolate or subelliptic, obtuse ; upper in distant pairs, sub-
erect, linear or linear-lanceolate, subacute ; flowering leaves or bracts
l-H lin. long, linear-subulate. Flowers crowded into short racemes
terminating the stem and its few branches. Pedicels |-1 lin. long.
Calyx-tube 2-8 lin. long, equally and prominently 8-ribbed ; lobes J-1
lin. long, narrowly deltoid, very acute. Corolla blue or white; tube
about 3 lin. long, funnel-shaped ; lobes 1 J lin. long, l\ lin. broad,
broadly ovate, acute. Style filiform, exserted ; stigmatic lobes linear,
suberect or recurving. — Reliq. Dewevr. 1G2 ; Hua in Bull. Soc. Bot.
France, xlviii. 262 and 205. N. Baumii, Gilg in Kunene-Sambesi
Exped. 333. Octopleura loeselioides, var. grandifora, Knobl. in Bot.
Centralbl. Ix. (180-1) 362, partly.

Kower Cruiuea. French Congo: Diele, by tlie River Aliina Leketi, Brazza,
18-i, and prairies of Batekes, Thollon, 122 (ex Hua). Angola : Amboella ; bv the
Hiver Longa above Napalanka, in sandy places on the borders of swimps, 3700 ft..
Baum, 604!

South Central. Congo Free State : Oukounon, Dewecre, 1084. Middle
Congo; between LuUoleLi and the Eijuator, Bilttner, 575 (ex Oilg).

I have not seen a specimen of N. congolana, but according to the description it
does not differ from N. Bavmii, except in the colour of the tioivers ; the former is
described as having white Howers wliilst in N. Baumii they are blue. Hua also
notes that the flowers of Brazza and TlioUon's specimens are blue, whilst those of
Dewevre are white, but are otherwise identical.

7. N. corymbosa, Hua in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xlviii. 262 and
267. Perennial, 4-5 in. high, with several stems from the base.
Radical leaves rosulate, J-1 in. long, 2-2 i lin. broad, spathulate-oblong
or oblanceolate, narrowed into a petiole ; stem leaves in 2-4 distant
pairs, J-lJ in. long, 1-2 J lin. broad, oblanceolate to linear, narrowed at
the base. Flowers 4-12 or more crowded in corymb-like clusters at the
top of the stems and branches. Calyx equally and prominently 8-
ribbed ; tube 2 lin. long ; lobes If lin. long, | lin. broad, deltoid-ovate,
acute, spreading. Corolla-tube 4-4J lin. long ; lobes o lin. long, 2 lin.
broad, elliptic, acute. Stamens reaching to the mouth of the corolla-
tube ; anthers oblong, not apiculate. Style exserted ; stigma with 2
linear recurved lobes. — N. exacoides, Gilg in Schlechter, Westafr.
Kautschuk-Exped. 304, name only.

lao-wer Guinea. French Congo : Cape Lopez, sands near the sea, Thollon,
jser. ii. 43, Schlechter, 12814! sandy plain of Dayor, Griffon dii Bellai/, 104; desert
jlain at Fernand Vaz, Leroy ; Mayumba, Di/bowski, 38; Xgore, moist sandy
jrairies, Dyhowski, 112.

10. ENICOSTEMA, Blume ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 807.

C/aiyx-tube campanulate ; teeth o, lanceolate. Corolla-tube long,
cylindrical in the lower half, narrowly funnel-shaped in the upper half ;

£nicostema.] Lxxxvii. gentiane^e (baker and brown). 5(;:-{

lobes 5, small, lanceolate. Stamens 5, inserted nt the middle of tiie
corolla-tube ; filaments filiform, with a small double-hooded scale at the
base ; anthers erect, not twisted, acute. Ovary I -celled ; placenttus little
intruded ; ovules many ; style short, subulate ; stigma capitate. Capsule
oblong, septicidally 2-valved. Seeds many, globose, foveolate.— Erect
herbs, with numerous opposite leaves and many axilhiry clusters of
minute flowers. — Skvogtia,lR,eichh. Consp. 133.

Species 4; 1 in Madagascar, 1 in Tropical America, ami Hie 2 fullowinj;.
Hippion, F. W. Schmidt, is of much earlier date than Enicostema, Bl., but
bt^iiicr founded upon plants belonging to 7 different genera (most of them boinj^
t-pecies of Qentiana), and Hippion, Sprengel, also of an earlier date, uiwn plants
l)elonging to 2 distinct genei'a, cannot be maintained.

Calyx-lobes narrowly ovate-lanceolate or linciir-

lanceolate, acute 1. ^. lufornle.

Calyx-lobes very broadly ovate or suborbicular,

obtuse, apiculate 2. E. latiloba.

1. E. littorale, Blume, Bijdrag, 848. A perennial glabrous herb,
4-18 in. high, branching at the base. Leaves in many pairs, J-:l in.
long, sessile, linear, lanceolate or narrowly oblong, acute or obtuse.
Flowers in axillary clusters all along the stem, sessile. Calyx-tube
about \ lin. long ; lobes |-1 lin. long, i lin. broad, o vote-lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate, acuminate or acute, slightly recurved-spreading at the
tips, slightly or not at all imbricating at the base, wuth rather narrow
submembranous margins. Corolla-tube 2h lin. long; lobes 1-1^ lin.
long. Style slightly thickened upwards.— Griseb. in DC. Prod. ix. (Ui ;
Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 101 ; Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb.
Bot. 271. E. verticillare^ Baill. Hist. PI. x. 131, partly. E. verti-
cillatitm, Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 313 partly; Knobl. in Bot. Centralb.
Ix. (1894), 333. Gentiana verticillata, Linn. fil. Suppl. 174 (not of
Linn). G. vei'ticillaris, Betz. Obs. ii. io. Slevogtia orientrdis, Gri.seb.
in DC. Prod. ix. 65. Hippion hyssopi folium, Spreng. Syst. i. 5x!l ;
Oriseb. Gen. et Sp. Gent. 134. H. verticillatum, O. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. PI. 428, and Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. 711, partly (of F. W.
Schmidt?). Centaurium angustifolinm.Jioribus exalis sessilibits, Burrn.
Bar. Afr. PI. 206, t. 74, f. 3. '

Upper Guinea. Gambia: swamps on the north side of the Kiver (Jamhiii.
Broion Lester !

DTile Xiand. Kordofan : towards Tekele, Kotschy, 22-i !

Ibo'wer Crulnea. Angola: near the sea, south of the city of BengTiellu.
Welwitsch, 1517! Mosvsamedes : near the mouth of the Kiver Bero, Wehcitsch,
1518.

Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; below Maranj^u.
32C0 ft., VoLkens, 2138 ! Pare Mountains, Ilohnel. Portuguese East Africa :
mouth of Kiver Kongone, Kirk, 333 ! Lower Zambesi ; opposite Sena, Kirk- !
British Central Africa : Ngamiland ; Kwebe, Z?/^rt/V(', 87 ! Kalalmri Desert ; near
Bacbakuru, Lugard, 235 !

Also in South Africa, India and Malay Arcbipela:]:o.

Tl)e mixture of this plant and E. latiloba, X. E. Br., with the .\merican 8i)ecieu,

564 Lxxxvii. GENTiANE^ (baker AND brown). [Enicost'ema.

has led to much confusion in the nomenclature ; they are all perfectly distinct.
The name E. verticil latum should be restricted to the American plant [Gentiana
rerticillata, Linn. Syst. ed. 10, ii. 952).

2. E. latiloba, N. E. Br. Plant 1-2 ft. high, glabrous. Stems
simple or branching towards the base, slightl}^ 4-angled. Leaves
H-2J in. long, lJ-8 lin. broad, linear to elongate-oblong, acute or
obtuse, spreading. Clusters many-flowered. Flowers sessile, 5-merous
Bracteoles 1-1 1^ lin. long, |-1 lin. broad, broadly obovate or rhomboid-
obovate, acute or obtuse and apiculate, with broad submembranous
margins. Calyx lJ-2 lin. long, obconic-campanulate, 5-lobed to half
w^ay down ; lobes broadly imbricating, §-1 lin. broad, very broadly-
ovate or suborbicular, obtuse, minutely apiculate, with broad sub-
membranous margins. Corolla-tube 2-2J lin. long, cylindric; lobes
|-1 lin. long, J-| lin. broad, oblong, obtuse or subacute, with inrolled
margins in the dried state. Stamens inserted about f the way up the
corolla-tube, included ; filaments with a membranous two-tiered or
flounced hood at their base; anthers J lin. long, acute. Style |-| lin.
long, filiform, not thickened upw^ards ; stigma capitate. Capsule 2 lin.
long, 1-1^ lin. broad, ellipsoid, rather obtuse. — E. verticillatum, Gilg in
Engl, tk Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. G8, fig. 31, B-E (fig. 31, A, from its
small size, probably belongs to E. littorale, Bl.).

XTile Iiand. British East Africa : Mombasa, Wakefield !

XWEozamb* I>ist. German East Africa: Kovuma Bay, KirJc ! Usam.bara;.
Doda. Hoist, 2930 ! aiid without precise locality, Hannington !

10. PYCNOSPHiEKA, Gilg in Kunene-Sambesi Exped. 333.

Calyx 3-partite ; sepals unequal, the dorsal minute, the two lateral
narrow, complicate, keeled. Corolla 3-lobed ; tube cylindric ; lobes-
spreading. Stamens 3, inserted at the sinuses of the corolla; filaments
filiform, dilated into a small hood at their base ; anthers versatile,
oblong. Ovary 1 -eel led, with 2 parietal or slightly intruded placentas ;
style filifoim ; stigmas 2, long, linear. — Erect herbs. Leaves opposite.
Flowers in dense bracteate heads, corymbosely arranged at the ends of
the stem and branches.

Species 2, endemic.

Gilg- describes the cuter sepal as very large and bract-like, embracing the base
of the corolla. He has evidently mistaken the large bract embracing each flower for
the dorsal sepal, wbich latter, being very small, he appears to have overlooked. The
ovary is also described as 2-celled ; I find it as described above. — N. E. Br.
Inflorescence a corvmb . . . , . . 1. P. trimera.

Inflorescence im elongated panicle . . . . 2. P. Buchanani.

1 . P. trixuera, Gilg in Kunene-Samhesi Exped. ' 833. Annual,
20-28 in. high, glabrous. Stem erect, corymbosely branching at the
top only. Basal leaves crowded, 1-1\ in. long, 2-3 lin. broad, oblong,
or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, narrowed to the base ; stem-

Py<ynosphiera.] lxxxvii. gentiane^ (baker and brown). nCo

leaves in several distant pairs, J-1 in. long, J-1 lin. broad, linear, acute,
erect. Corymb of 8 (or more ?) branches, each terminated by a head
J- J in. in diam., composed of 3 crowded smaller heads. Bracts 2-lh
lin. long, 1 J lin. broad, cuneate-oblong orobovate-oblong, obtuse, abruptly
apiculate, keeled, embracing the flowers. Lateral sepals li-l| liu.
long, J lin broad, narrowly boat-shaped, acute, keeled ; dorsal sepal }i-'i
lin. long, \-\ lin. broad, flat, rigidly membranous, oblong or oblong-
obovate, obtuse or obscurely :5-lobulate. Corolla blue; tube 1-1 if lin.
long; lobes 1 J lin. long, about ^ -lin. broad, ovate-oblong, obtuse, suberect,
not spreading. Stamens finally longer than the corolla-lobes, H-1 3 lin.
long; anthers minutely apiculate. Ovary oblong; style 1 lin. long;
stigmas f lin. long, erect.

Xiower Guinea. Angola: Amboella ; by the River Kuito, below tlie KivtT
Kutue, 3900 ft., Baum, 752 !

2. P. Buchanani, X. E. Br. Plant probably 2 ft. or more
high, glabrous. Stem terete, with 2 closely placed slightlv
elevated lines decurrent from the base of the leaf-pairs on each
side, apparently simple below, branching in the flowering part only ;
branches erect, H-5 in. long, forming an elongate paniculate inflor-
escence 6-12 in. or more long and 2-3 in. broad. Lower leaves not seen ;
stem leaves in distant pairs, |-2 in. long, ^-1 lin. broad, linear, acute,
erect or ascending. Flowers sessile or subsessile in small dense ovoid
heads, 3 of which are crowded together in larger heads about i in. in
diam. at the end of each of the short corymbosely arranged branchlets.
Bracts 2 lin. long, 1-1 J lin. broad, cuneate-obovate, obtuse, abruptly
apiculate, complicate and embracing the flowers. Lateral sepals 1 J lin.
long, \ lin. broad, narrowly boat-shaped, acute, keeled ; dorsal sepal .V-)^
lin. long, \-\ lin. broad, flat, membranous, oblong, very obtusely and
unequally subbilobulateor obliquely emarginate at the apex. Corolla-
tube IJ- lin. long ; lobes 1^ lin. long, h lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate,
acute, spreading. Stamens finally about as long as the corolla-lubes ;
anthers very minutely apiculate. Ovary oblong; style \\ lin. long;
stigmas ^ lin. long, linear, suberect. — Faroa Buchanani, Baker in Kew
Bulletin," 181)4, 26.

XMEozaxnb. Dist. British Central Africa: Xyasalaiid, Buchanan, 11331

11. FAROA, Welw. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. SOC.

Calyx-tube short, campanulate ; lobes 4, acute or obtuse. Corolla-
tube about as long as or shorter than the calyx, with 4 small scales at
the mouth ; lobes 4, spreading. Stamens 4, inserted at the mouth of
the corolla-tube ; filaments filiform ; anthers oblong, minute. Ovary
1-celled; placentas slightly intruded; ovules numerous ; style straight,
subulate; stigma simple or 2-lobed. Capsule subglobose, septicidally
2-valved. Seeds minute, subglobose, foveolate. — Annual or rarely |>eren-
nial branched herbs. Leaves sessile, broad or narrow. Flowers minut-e,
arranged in dense terminal or axillary clusters.

Species 9, endemic to Tropical and South Africa.
VOL. IV. 1

566

LXXXVII. OENTIAXE^ (bAKER AND BROWN).

\Faroou^

Flowering-leaves dilated at the base, more or less
forming an involucre.
Calyx-lobes mucronate, tips spreading or squarrose. 1. F. inrolucrata.
Calyx-lobes not mucronate. tips erect.

Flowering-leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong ;

calyx-lobes not gibbous-keeled at the apex . 2. F. axillaris.
Flowering-leaves linear; calyx-lobes gibbous-
keeled at the apex . . . . . ^. F. graveolens..

Flowering-leaves not dilated (usually narrowed) at the
base.
Stamens shorter than or about equalling the corolla-
lobes; small plants 1-2 in. high.
Calyx-lobes 1 lin. long, with erect tips . . 5. jP. amara.

Calyx-lobes § lin. long, with spreading tips. . 6. F. pusilla.
Stamens much longer than the corolla-lobes.

Plant 4-8 in, liigh ; flower-clusters 3-6 to a
stem, crowded into a terminal oblong in-
florescence . . , . . . 4i. F. affinia.
Plant 1^-4 in. high; flower-clusters 1-2 to a
stem, the lower contiguous or distant.
Calyx-lobes obovate, obtuse, 'cuspklate-apicu-

late . . . . . . . 7. 2^. nyasica.

Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, not cuspidate-apicu-
late
Corolla scarcely 2 lin. long; style hair-like. 8. F. Boehmii.
Corolla 2j lin. long ; style filiform . . 9. i^ salutaris.

1. P. involucrata, Knobl. in Bot. Centralbl. Ix. (1894) 8^1. A
(hvarf annual o-4 in. high, much branched, glabrous. Stems narrowly
4-winged ; wings with jagged or scabrous edges. Leaves 10-18 lin. long ;
lower 5 lin. broad, oblong-spathulate, obtusely attenuate at the apex,
long-attenuate at the base, connate ; flowering leaves with scarious
veiny broadly cordate overlapping bases 4-5 lin. broad, forming an invo-
lucre to the flowers, then narrowed to a lanceolate or linear-lanceolate
acute blade about 2 lin. broad, widely spreading. Flower-clusters
axillary and terminal, all distant, 4-5 lin. in diam., dense, many-flowered;,
pedicels ^ lin. long. Calyx-lobes about 1 lin. long, |-1 lin, broad, oblong-
obovate or spathulate-obovate, obtuse, mucronate, with recurved -spread-
ing or squarrose tips, keeled down the back, with numerous rather
crowded subparallel veins. Corolla-tube IJ lin. long; lobes nearly 1 lin.
long, |-J lin. broad, elliptic, acute. Stamens about as long as the corolla-
lobes. Style 1 hn. lon^ ; stigma minutely 2-lobed. Capsule IJ lin. long,
oblong, obtuse, scarcely narrowed at the base. — Sehcea inrolucrata,
Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 271; Welw. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxvii. 47.

IMCozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi, Boror, Peters !

2. F, axillaris. Baker in Keio Bulletin, ] 898, 158. Plant 6-7 in.
high, branched, glabrous. Stems narrowly 4-winged. Leaves 1-1 J in.
long, \-^ in. broad ; lower oblong-spathulate or elliptic-lanceolate,
narrowed to the base ; upper oblong or lanceolate, acute or subobtuse,

Faroa.] lxxxvii. GENTiANEiE (baker and hrown). 5G7

very broadly dilated at the cordate scarious veiny huso, formiiif' an
involucre to the flowers, widely spreading. Flower-clustei-s axiflury
and terminal, distant, 3-b^ lin. in diam,, dense, many-flowered ; pedicels
J-J- lin. long. Calyx-lobes 1-1 i lin. long, J-J lin. broad, narrowly
obovate-oblong, acute, erect, not contiguous nor spreading nor gibbous-
keeled at the tips. Corolla-tu^e about J lin. long; lobes J-jj lin. long,
ovate, acute. Stamens about as long as tlie corolla-lobes. " Style as long
as the stamens; stigma of 2 filiform recurved lobes. Cap.sule 1 lin.
long, obovate-oblong, obtuse, distinctly narrowed at the base.

XMCozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa: Xyajalaml ; Masukii Plateau, 6500-
7000 ft., Whytel

Like F. involncrata, Knobl., in appearance, but totally different in its calyx.

3. F. graveolens. Baker in Kew Bulletin^ 1894, 2(1. Stem erect^
6-9 in. long, with Several long erect branches in the upper two-thirds.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, ascending; lower \\-'.^
lin. broad; upper |-2 lin. broad. Clusters of flowers axillary nwA
terminal, distant, 5-8 lin. in diam., very dense, globose, subtended by a
pair of broad-based linear leaves ; pedicels short. Calyx 1 \ lin. lon»? ;
lobes oblong, obtuse, with a gibbous-winged keel at the apex. Corolla
lilac, twice as long as the calyx ; lobes oblong. Stamens as long as or
longer than the corolla-lobes. — F. goniphvienoides, Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr.
C. 313.

Xrile Iiand. Ugamla, in sandy places, Wilson, 32 !

IMJCozamb. I>ist. German Ea>^t Africa: Uziba ; Usonpo a, ex Wilson.
Karagwe; liukob.i, IStuhlmann, 3935! 4062! (4162 ex Enfjler) ; Kayosa, near
Bukolja, Sfuhlmann, 1479 (ex Angler).

According to the Kev. C. T. Wilson the whole plant smells like Asafoetida, and
a decoction of it is used in malarial ague.

4. F. affinis, Be Wild, in Etnd. Fl. Katanga, 99, t. 11,. AV- 1-1-21.
Plant 4-8 in. high, simple or slightly branched, glabions. Stems
narrowly 4-winged, with o-4 rather Jong internodes below the in-
florescence. Leaves J-1 in. long, ;\-2 lin. broad, linear lanceolate or
the uppermost linear, narrowed at the base ; lower all in di.-^tant pairs.
Flower-clusters 3-6 to a stem, axillary and terminal, dense, many-
flowered, all crowded and more or less contiguous, oi- the lower one
distant. Pedicels l-2i lin. long. Calyx | lin. long, 4-lobed jj-j tiie
way down ; lobes elliptic, apiculate (lanceolate, acute, in the figure).
Corolla blue; tube 1 lin. long; lobes 1 lin. long, elliptic, acute
(lanceolate, acute, in the figure). Stamens at length much longer than
the corolla-lobes.

South Central. Congo Free State : Katanga; Lukafu, J'crdirk, o'M>.

5. F. amara, Gilg ined. A small glabrous annud, l-i' in.
high, much branched at the base. Radical leaves i-j in. long,
3-4 lin. broad, spathulate-obovate or -oblanceolato, ohtuse or huh.cute,
aarrowed into the petiole; stem-leave^ in 2-4 pairs, 2A-.') lin. long»
1J-2J lin. broad, spathulate-ovate or lanceolate, obtuse or acute,
narrowed to the base, spreading, all with axillary clustei-s of tlowci s

i*68 LXXXVII. GENTIANE^ (bAKER AND BROWN). [FarOCl.

which are contiguous and form a dense oblong terminal inflorescence.
Pedicels 1-1 J Hn. long. Calyx-lobes 1 lin. long, J-| lin. broad,
narrowly oblong, acute, with erect tips, submembranous, 1-nerved,
prominently keeled at the apex ; sinal angles scarcely pro-
minent. Corolla-tube about 1 lin. long ; lobes J lin. long, about J lin.
broad, oblong-ovate, acute, very concave, keeled on the back, erect.
Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes, scarcely J lin. long ; filaments
with a minute rounded scale at their base. Style I lin. long ; stigmatic-
lobes minute, linear, revolute.

JmOWCt Guinea. Angola: Otyimk'iri, Dekindt, 1145 1

6. P. pusilla. Baker in Kew Bulletin^ 1894, 20. Stems simple or
branched from the base, 1-1 J in. long. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate,
-meaibranous, those of the basal rosette |-1 in, long, the others smaller,
narrowed to the base. Flower-clusters '1-'^ to a stem, axillary and
terminal, not contiguous, subtended by leaves ; pedicels short. Calyx-
lobes I lin. long, ovate, acute, spreading at the tips, with their sinal
angles very projecting. Corolla whitish ; lobes -f lin. long, ovate,
acute. Stamens as long as the corolla-lobes. Style \-\ lin. long ;
stigma subsimple, scarcely or but very minutely 2-lobed. Capsule as
long as the calyx. — F. Schweinfurthii, Engl, tfe Knobl. in Bot. Centralb.
Ix. (1894), 330.

XTpper Guinea. Niger Teiritoi-y: Xupe ; in moist places on the margins of
swiunps. Barter, 1008 ! 1710 !

Wile Xiand. Bongo: Gir, Schweinf zirth, 2olZ\

7. P. nyasica, X. E. Br. A dwarf biennial or perennial, 2^-3
in. high, with numerous branches from the base, glabrous. Radical
leaves numerous, |-2 in. long, lJ-3 lin. broad, linear, lanceolate or
oblanceolate, obtuse; stem-leaves in 3-4 pairs, 4-9 lin. long, l;^-3 lin.
broad, spathulate-oblanceolate, obtuse. Flower-clusters solitary, ter-
minal or sometimes a second cluster lower down the stem, many-
■flowered ; pedicels 1^-4 lin. long. Calyx Ij lin. long, very membra-
nous; lobes obovate or oblong-obovate, very obtuse, cuspidate-apicu late
l3y the prolonged \-\ lin. long slightly gibbous midrib. Corolla-tube
1^ lin. long; lobes IJ-lJ lin. long, lanceolate, acute or subacute.
Stamens longer than the corolla-lobes. Style ^\-'2h lin, long, filiform ;
stigma very minutely 2-lobed.

Mozamb. Bist. British Centriil Africa : Nyasaland; Mountains west of Lake
INyasa, 3000-4000 ft., Kirk ! Livingstone !

Differs from F. salutaris, Welw., in its larger foliage and much more mem-
branous calyx with cuspidate (not simply acute) lobes.

8. P. Boehmii, Engl. Pjl. Ost-Afr. C. 313. Stems ^-^ in. long;
"branches short, springing from the axils of the lower leaves. Lenves
oblong ; basal crowded. Flower-clusters solitary, terminal, or 2 to a
stem, contiguous ; pedicels 2-4 lin. long, slender. Calyx 1 lin. long ;
loles ovate, acute, rather longer than the funnel-shaped tube. Corolla
violet; tube 1 lin. long; lobes f lin. long, J-| lin. broad, lanceolate,

Faroa.'] lxxxvii. GENTiANEiE (baker and brown). 569

acute. Stamens longer than the corolla-lobes. Style far exserted, 2 lin.
long, exceedingly slender, hair-like ; stigma very minutely 2-lobed.

XWozamb. I>l8t. German East Africa: Uiiyamwezi, Goiida, Boehm, 283!

This is only to be distinguished from F. salutaris, Wehv., by its smaller Howers
and the much more slender style.

9. F, salutaris, Welw. i7i Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 4'), ^.17. A
glabrous biennial or perennial, 2-3 in, high, much branched at the base ;
stems slender. Leaves crowded in a basal tuft and each stem with 2-3
pairs, the upper lanceolate, 2-6 lin. long, the lower oblanceolate, obtu.se,
narrowed to the base, |- j in. long. Flowers in a dense terminal cluster
and sometimes also 1 axillary cluster, subtended by 1-2 pairs of leaves ;
pedicels 1-2 lin. long. Calyx 1-1:| lin. long ; lobes erect, ovate, acute, sub-
membranous, with a green mid-rib which is keeled, slightly gibbous and
slightly prolonged at the apex, but not cuspidate. Corolla-tube \\ lin.
long ; lobes 1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute. Stamens exceeding the
corolla-lobes. Style nearly 2 lin. long, filiform ; stigma very minutely
2-lobed.— Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 336 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI.
W^lw. i. 710; Knobl. in Bot. Centralbl. Ix. (1804), 330; Gilg in
Kunene-Sambesi Exped. 333.

Ibo-wer Guinea. Angola : in damp sandv pastures throughout the i)lateau of
Huilla, between Nene and Humpata, 4200-5500 ft., Welwitsch, 1523 ! bank of the
River Chitanda, 3700 ft., Baum^ 141 (ex Qilg).

Also in South Africa.

The specific name refers to the usefulness of the plant as a bitter tonic in
fevers.

12. VOYRIA, Aubl.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 806.

Calyx-tube campanulate ; lobes 4-5. Corolla salver-shaped; tube
cyHndric ; lobes 4-5, patent, contorted. Stamens 4-5, included in
the corolla-tube ; filaments very short ; anthers sometimes prolonged
into setae at the base. Ovary ovoid, 1 -celled ; placentas shortly
intruded ; ovules many ; style long, filiform, not exserted from the
corolla-tube; stigma capitate. Capsule linear or oblong, membranous,
2-valved. Seeds oblong, sometimes winged. — Saprophytes, with the
leaves reduced to membranous scales. Flowers solitary or cymose,
yellow or blue.

Species 30 or more, the others all Tropical American.

Corolla |-1 in. in diam • 1- r. primuloides.

Corolla 4-5 lin. in diam 2. V. plat y pet ala.

1. V. prlmuloides. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 25. Stem
flexuous, 1-flowered, 2-3 in. long, with about 3 pairs of adpresstnl rudi-
mentary lea^^es. Calyx J in. long ; segments oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, much longer than the campanulate tube. Corolla-tube cylindric,
swollen around the anthers, 8-11 lin. long; expanded limb J-1 in. in
diam.; segments 5, -elliptic, subacute. Anthers inserted j of the way
up the corolla-tube.

570

LXXXVII. GENTlANEiE (bAKER AND BROWN).

[ Voyria^

^ower Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, in woods, very sc;irce,.
Soyaux, 16G I

2. V. plat3rpetala,^a^er in Kew Bulletin, 1 894, 26. Stem flexuous,
1-flowered, 2-3 in. long, bearing about 8 pairs of adpressed ludimentary
leaves. Calyx \ in. long ; lobes as long as the tube, linear-lanceolate^
tapering to a setaceous point. Corolla-tube cylindric, swollen around the
anthers, 8-10 lin. long ; expanded limb 4-5 lin. in diam. ; lobes 5, shortly
spathulate-orbicular. Anthers inserted | of the way up the corolla-tube.

XTpper Guinea. Niger Delta : by the River Nun, Mann, 514!

12. SWERTIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 816.
{Sweertia, Grilg).

Calyx-tube 0 or very short ; segments 4-5, acute or obtuse.
Corolla subrotate ; tube very short, broad ; segments 4-5, acute or
obtuse, with one or a pair of glandular nectaries at the base. Stamens
inserted in the corolla-sinuses, shorter than the segments ; filaments
subulate or flattened ; anthers oblong or ovate, versatile. Ovary
1-celled; placentas slightly intruded ; ovules many ; style 0 or short;
stigma 2-lobed. Capsule oblong or lanceolate, 2-valved. Seeds many,
minute, compressed, often winged. — Annual or perennial herbs. Stem-
leaves sessile or vei-y shortly petiolate, radical narrowed into a petiole.
Cymes terminal, c(^rymbose or panicled. Flowers blue, yellow, or white.
Species about 90, the others chiefly Asiatic, with a few in South Africa, Mada-
gascar and Europe.

Corolla-lobes with 1 circular fringed nectary near the
base; plants probably all perennial.
Stem-leaves lanceolate or linear-lancecjlate, 2-4 lin.
broad.
Corolla-lobes h in. long, acute . . . . ]

Corolla-lobes about ^ m. long, very obtuse

Johnsoni.
erosula.

Stem-leaves cordate-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-12
lin. broad.
Stem-leaves mostly 1^-2| in. long; capsule 10-11

lin. long . . . . . . . 3. 5. kilimandscJiarica^

Stem-leaves mostly |-1 in. long; capsule 5-6 lin.

long . . . . . . . . 4. aS. Schimperi.

Corolla-lobes with 2 fringed nectaries near the base,
sometimes wanting in iS. Volkensii, Gilg.
*Flowers 5-merou*.

fPerennials (See also 19, S. subalpina).

Sepals reflexed, leaf -like, subpetiolate . . ^. S. calycina.

Sepals erect or ascending, not leaf-like.

Plant 12-16 in. high; inflorescence a flat-
topped corymb 6-8 in. broad . . .6. S.fwamhensis,
Plant less than 10 in. high ; inflorescence |-3
in. broad.
Flowers solitary on each stem ; plant about

1 in. high. . . . . . \0. S. Richnrdi,

Flowers in 3 to several-flowtred cymes.

Stems 1-3, filiform ; plant about 1 in. high 11. 5. minima.
Stems not filiform, i-1^ lin. thick.

Swertia.] lxxxvii. GENTiANEyE (baker and brown).

571

Corolla-lobes with ii dark tlovsal stripe
m the dried state.
Plant 6-8 in. high ; rootstock with

several stems . . . ,8.

Plant 1^-3 in.higli ; rootstock appa-
rently with only 1 stem . . 9.
CoroUa-lohes withoTit a dorsal stripe in
tlie dried state.
Leaves mostly radical, crowded or
rosulate, spathulate ; stem-
leaves 1-2 pairs ; stems usually
several to a i)lant.
Sepals obovate or ohovate-oblong,

obtuse . . . .12.

Sepals lanceolate, acute . . 13.

Leaves in 2-4 distant pairs on the
stem, not crowded nor rosulate
at the base, broadly ovate ; stem
solitary.
Stem 1-1| lin. thick ; corolla-lobes
5-6 lin. long, 2^ lin. broad .
Stem ^-^ lin. thick.

Corolla -lobes 4-5 lin. long, 3-3^

lin. 1 road . . . 14.

Corolla-lobes 2.^-4 lin. long,

l|-lf lin. broad . . 15.

"ft Annuals.

;J:Middle and upper leaves not more than twice as
long as broad, usually less, oblong, ovate or
orbicular, flat.
Flowers solitary ; leaves ovate-orbicular
Cymes umbelhitely or trichotoraonsly 2 to
several-flowered.
Plant 3-6 in. high; stem-leaves I5-3 lin. broad.
Pedicels |-f in.lonsr, 8lender(Nile Land).
Basal leaves in 1-2 sulidistant pairs . 17,
Basal leaves several, rosulate . . 18.

Pedicels f-li in. long, rather stout and

stiff; basal leaves crowded (Cameroons) 19
Plant 6-9 in. high, 4-6-noded; branches
divergent ; stem-leaves 3 -7 lin. broad,
cordate-ovate .....
Plant 6-12 in. high, 6-12-noded ; branches
erect or ascending.
Stem and pedicels conspicuously scabrid-
denticulate on the angles ; branches
^-1 lin. thick ....
Stems and pedicels not scabrid-denticu-
late ; branches ^-h lin. thick.
Inflorescence a narrow elongated

panicle (Cameroons) . . .22

Inflorescence broadly corymbose

(Eastern) . . . . .23

IJ^Middle and upper stem-leaves more than twice as
long as broad.

S. Enrjleri.
S. pumila .

S. cras.tiu.scu I a.
S. J'o/ken.fii.

7. S. quartimana.

S. petitiana.
S. wojeratensis.

16. S.Jilicaulis.

S. Wellhyi.

S. brevipedicella/a

S. subalpina.

20. S. abyssinica.

21. S. clarenceana.

22. S. dissimilis.
,S. Laxtxi.

572 Lxxxvii. GENTiANE^ (baker AND brown). [Swertia.

Leaves flat, distinctly or abruptly narrowed at
the base into a very short petiole ; plants
9-18 in. high.
Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, about 2i

times as long as broad . . . 24. S. Whytei.

Leaves lanceolate, 4-6 times as long as bro »d.
Corolla-lobes 3,^-5 lin. long, lf-2i lin.

broad ...... 25. S. usamharensis.

Corolla-lobes 2-2^ lin. longjl-l^lin. broad 26. S. Umini.
Leaves longitudinally folded, 2-6 lin. long
sessile, but distinctly rounded in at the
base, narrowly ovate-lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate.
Plant 2|-5 in. high ; corolla-l;bes 1^-2 lin.

broad, elliptic to obovate-oblong . 27. S. curtioides.

Plant 4-9 in. high ; corolla-lobes 1 lin.

broad, narrowly oblong . . . 28. *S. Mannii.

Leaves flat or longitudinally folded, ^-2 in.
long, sessile, linear, scarcely or not at all
narrowed at the base.
Inflorescence corymbose or corymbose-panicu-
late, branches not parallel with the stem.
Plant ^-1 ft. high ; corolla-lobes not

complicate-acute at the apex . . 29. S. stellarioides.

Plant ] 5-2 ft. high ; corolla-lobes with

complicate-acute spreading tips . 30. S. Sharpei.
Inflorescence long and . narrow, with
branches parallel to the stem or with

axillary flowers along a simple stena . 31. S, pieurogynoides.
**Flowers 4-merous; plants 1^-3 in. high. (See
also 2Q, S. Eniini).

Sepals very acute 32. <S'. tetrandra.

Sepals obtuse or subobtuse .... 33. S. intermixta.

1. S. Johnsoni, N. E. Br. Plant probably perennial, perhaps

attaining to 2 ft. in height. Leaves in several distant pairs, not
crowded at the base, |-1 in. long, 2-3 lin. broad, lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, acute, sessile. Inflorescence a narrow panicle 3-7 in. long,
about 1 J in. broad with 3-4 distant pairs of many-flowered erect branches
1-2 in. long, including the clustered 5-merous flowers ; pedicels 3-6 lin.
long. Sepals 3J-5 lin. long, l-l^ lin. broad, lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, tapering to an acute point. Corolla-lobes J in. long, J in.
broad, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, with 1 large circular fringed nectary
near the base. Stamens \ in. long ; anthers apiculate. Ovary lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, acutsly tapering to the stigma, but scarcely with a
distinct style ; stigmatic lobes small, about \ lin. broad, ovate, subobtuse.
XtXozamb. 3>lst. Portuguese East Africa ? on mountains east of Lake Nyasa,
Johnson !

2. S. erosula^ JSf. E. Br. Plant 1-2 ft. high; stems rather
stout, branching only at the uppermost 2-3 nodes. Radical leaves not
seen; stem-leaves f-lj in. long, 2-4 lin. broad, suberect, linear-lanceo-
late, acute, sessile. Inflorescence a narrow 12-24-flowered panicle
about 4-8 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, with 2-3 distant pairs of erect

I

/Swertia.] lxxxvii. gentiane.e (baker and brown). 573

branches f-l^ in. long, each ]-3-flowered and sometimes with an
axillary flower besides; pedicels :J-j in. long; flowers r>-merous.
Sepals 2-8 lin. long, |-1 hn. broad at the base, ovate-lanceolate, tai)er-
ing to a long acuminate very acute point. Corolla-lobes 4-4i lin.
long, 21 lin. broad, elliptic, obtusely rounded at the apex, min"utely
erose-denticulate around the margins, with 1 large circular densely
fringed nectary near the base. Stamens 3 lin. long. Ovary ovate-
lanceolate, narrowed into a style about J lin. long ; stigmatic lobes
small, transversely oblong. Capsule C-8 lin. long, much loDger than
the corolla, lanceolate, acute.

mxozaxub. Blst. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; above Maranpn, 9100 ft..
Vol kens, 1870 !

3. S. kilimandscharica, Ungl. Hochgehirgsfl. Trojj. Afr. 330. A
tall herb, probably up to 2 ft. or more high. Stems ^^y-^ in. thick,
slightly 4-angled, with internodes 2-5 in. long. Stem-leaves ^^-2^ in.
long, \-l\ in. broad, sessile, broadly ovate, giadually tapering from
near the base to a very acute point, broadly rounded or subcordate and
overlapping the opposite leaf at the base. Panicle rather narrow,
elongate, many-flowered, |-] ft. or more long, 3-7 in. broad; branches
erect or ascending, trichotomously or subumbellately 3-10-flowered ;
flowers 5-merous ; pedicels J-1 in. long. Sepals 4-5 lin. long, |-1 lin.
broad, lanceolate, attenuate to a fine point. Corolla-lobes 5-(i lin. long,
2J-3 lin. broad, elliptic, obtuse, white, with one round fringed nectary
near the base. Stamens 3-o| lin. long; anthers green. Ovary naiicwly
ovate-lanceolate, acute, but scarcely with a style ; stigma subsessile, small,
J lin. broad; lobes much broader than long, subtruncate, not decuirent.
Capsule 10-11 lin. long, 3-4 lin. broad, lanceolate; valves acute. —
S. Schimj^ieri, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Ib'oc. ser. 2, ii. 342, not of Oriseb.

XMEozaxnb. Hist. German East Africa: Kiiimiinjaro, 8000-11,000 ft., c7^r>///Kv/on,
27 ! Thomson ! Meyer, 227 (ex Engler).

4. S. Schimperi, Griseh. in DC. Prod. \x. 563. Perennial; st^ms
one or many from the root, J-H ft- ^oi^g* simple or branched, faintly
4-angled. Root-leaves lanceolate, acute, narrowed into a short petiole ;
stem-leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sessile, acute or subobtuse, \-\
in. long, J- J in. broad. Cymes few-flowered, often laxly panicled ;
pedicels moderately long. Flowers pentamerous. Calyx \-^ in. long ;
tube very short ; segments ovate-lanceolate, very acute. Corolla
purplish (ex Richard), whitish or yellow in the dried state, 5-0 lin. long ;
lobes ovate-oblong, acute with a single ciliate nectary near the base.
Stamens 3-3| lin. long. Style \-\ lin. long ; stigma minute, simple.
Capsule h in. long, linear-oblong," acute, terminated by the slender
style.— A^ Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 5G ; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.
128; Engl. Hochgehirgsfl Trop. Afr. 330. Ophelia Jhnhriata, Hochst.
and Monoboiho'iicni jSchimperi, Hochst. in Flora, 1^^44, '2>^.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia: Samen ; on Mount Hachit, near Dv\\\crV\, ScMmprr,
1241! Begemeder; Mount Guna, Schiwper, 1543, p«rtly ! and without prtrise
locality, Schimper, 1047 !

574 Lxxxvii. GENTIANE.E (baker AND brown). [Swertiu.

5. S. calycina, iV. J^. Br. Plant probably perennial, 1 ft. (or
more ?) high ; stem corymbosely branched, with its aagles and those of
the pedicels here and there scabrid-denticulate. Leaves in many pairs
along the stem, 6-10 lin. long, 4-9 lin. broad, orbicular-ovate, very
obtuse or slightly notched at the apex, very broadly rounded or sub-
cordate at the base, spreading, apparently thin, 5-7-nerved. Inflores-
cence rather lax, few-flowered, each branch with about 3 pentamerous
flowers ; pedicels 3-8 lin. long. Sepals leaf-like, 3-4 lin. long, 1 J-2
lin. broad, ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base into a
very short petiole, reflexed or very spreading. Corolla-lobes 4-4J
lin. long, IJ- '^i lin. broad, elliptic-oblong, obtusely rounded at the
apex, apparently concave, with 2 oblong fringed glands near the base.
Stamens about 2 lin. long. Ovary ellipsoid, obtuse ; stigma sessile,
with rounded erect lobes about as broad as long.

ZSast Tropical Africa. Ruwenzori Expedition, without precise locality,
Scott- Elliot !

This species has the appearance of a Hypericum, and differs from all the other
African Swertias in its leaf-like reflexed calyx-lobes.

6. S. fwambensis, N. E. Br. Perennial, 12-16 in. high; stems
simple and branching upwards or several and branched at the top ;
branches and stems long and straight, all ascending and forming a
nearly flat-topped corymbose inflorescence of many-flowered cymes.
Leaves in 4-6 distant pairs, J-lJ in. long, 2-5 lin. broad, lanceolate
or linear-lanceolate, acute, sessile, those at the base of the branches
largest, usually longitudinally folded, very spreading or deflexed,
those below smaller, almost passing into scales at the base, erect or
ascending. Pedicels J-l| lin. long. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, |-f lin.
broad, lanceolate, acute. Corolla-lobes 4J lin. long, Ij-lf lin. broad,
oblong, subobtuse, with 2 oblong glands near the base. Stamens 2J-3
lin. long. Ovary oblong ; stigma sessile ; lobes broader than long,
broadly rounded.

Mozamb. Slst. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, south of Lake
Tanganyika, Carson, 13 ! Nutt !

7. S. quartiniana, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 56. Perennial ;
stem solitary, stout, 1-1| lin. thick, |-1 ft. long, simple or branched
above, faintly 4-angled. Root-leaves oblong, nan-owed to a short
petiole; upper stem-leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, sessile. Cymes
corymbose or often simple ; pedicels 2-6 lin. long ; flowers pentamerous.
Sepals unequal, 2-4 lin. long, linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute
or subobtuse. Corolla purplish (ex Richard), yellowish or whitish in
the dried state ; lobes 5-6 lin. long, 2J lin. broad, obovate-oblong, very
obtuse with 2 oblong ciliate nectaries near the base. Stamens 3J lin.
long. Ovary oblong ; stigma sessile, its lobes rather broader than long,
obtuse. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 338.

ITile :Land. Abyssinia : Wojerat, Quartin Dillon ! Shireh Province, in
•damp places near Mai Tonai'O, Quartin Billon (ex Richard).

■Sivertia.] lxxxvii. GENTiANEiE (baker and brown). 575

8. S. Engleri, Gilg in Engl Jahrb. xxvi. 108. Perennial, f.-S in.
high ; stems many to a root, curved at the base. Radicid and lower
stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate or subspathulate, obtuse or subacute,
narrowed into a long petiole; upper stem-leaves sessile, ^-}t in. long,
IJ-o lin. broad, oblong, obtuse or subacute. Cymes few-flowered,
terminal and also from the axils of the upper leaves ; flowers o-merous.
Calyx 2J-3 lin. long; lobes narrowly oblong, obtuse or subacute.
Coiolla-lobes about 5-6 lin. long, U-2 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute,
with a pair of fimbriate nectaries near the base, yellow, with a dark
bluish-green stripe down the back. Stamens J in. long. Ovary ovate-
lanceolate, tapering up to the sessile 2-lobed stigma. — *S'. pumila^
Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 338, partly, S. malticaulis, Engl, ex
Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 88, not of Don.

Wile Iiand. Abvssinia : Begemeder ; M(miit Guna, 4200 ft., Schimper,

1543 :

9. S. pumila, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, '2S. Perennial U-3 in.
high. Stem solitary. E-adical leaves rosulate, 3-7 lin. long, lf-2 lin.
broad, petiolate or spathulate, with an oblong or ov^ate-obtuse" blade ;
stem-leaves 1-2 pairs at the top of the stem, 2-3 lin. long, 1-U lin.
broad, sessile, ovate or oblong, obtuse. Cyme simple and 3-flowered
or with 1 or a pair of short 1-3-flowered branches ; flowers 5-merous ;
pedicels 1-6 lin. long. Sepals about ^ in. long, linear to narrowly spathu-
late-oblong, obtuse. Corolla white with a dark (bluish ex Ilochstetter)
median stripe; lobes 2J-3 lin. long, Ij-lj lin. broad, elliptic-oblong,
obtuse, with 2 small nearly circular fringed nectaries near the base.
Stamens 2 lin. long. Ovary ovoid ; stigma sessile, its lobes longer
than broad, ovate, obtuse. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. bb ;
Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 128; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.
538, partly.

xrile Iiand. Abyssinia: alpine meadows on Mount Hacliit, near Demerki,
10,000-12,500 ft., Schimper, 1240 !

10. S. Richardi, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 338. Plant about
1 in. high, branching at the base, perennial ; stems several, decumbent
at the base, then ascending, 1-flowered. Leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse,
sessile, J- J in. long, lJ-2 lin. broad. Flowers .solitary, '»-merous.
Sepals oblong, subobtuse, 3|^ lin. long, 1 lin. broad. Corolla whitish ;
lobes 5 lin. long, IJ lin. broad, oblong, with a pair of fimbriate nec-
taries above the base. Stamens about 2 J lin. long. Capsule \ in. long,
2h lin. thick.

Nile Land. Abyssinia: Saiuea ; belo.v the su nmit of .AIouui D.ishaii
(Dedschen), 14,700 ft., Schimper.

11. S. Tn.inim3.y Gilg in Etigl. Jahrb. xxvi. 108. Perennial; stems
1-3, filiform, about 1 in. long. Radical leaves in a dense rosette, .*)-G
lin. long, 2-2h lin. broad, obovate, obtuse, narrowed to the base, but not
petiolate; cauline leaves few, 2--2h lin. long, 1-U lin. broad, ovate,
subacute, subamplexicaul. Cymes terminal, 3-flowered, and sometimes

576 Lxxxvii. GENTiANEiE (baker AND brown). [Swertiu.

with solitary flowers in the axils of the leaves ; flowers 5-merous ;
pedicels 2-3 lin. longi Calyx-lobes 2 lin. long, i-| lin. broad, narrowly
oblong, obtuse. Corolla-lobes ^ in. long, 1^ lin. broad, obovate, obtuse,
with a pair of fimbriate nectaries near the base. Stamens 4 the length
of the corolla.

Zrile Iiand. Abyssinia : Samen ; Ghaba, near Gondar, Steudner.

According to dt-scriptioii this only differs from ^S". pumila, Hochsjt., in its m;)re
numerous and filiform stems, which in S. pumila are h li«- thick.

12. S. crassiuscula, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxvi. 107. A perennial
herb, 2-5 in. high ; stems many, glabrous, erect or decumbent at the
base, root-leaves and lower stem-leaves with a thick elliptic-oblong
obovate blade J-| in. long, 2|-4 lin. broad, narrowed gradually into a
petiole \-l in. long ; upper leaves smaller, spathulate or obovate-cuneate.
Cymes 1-3-flowered, corymbose ; flowers 5-merous. Calyx \ in. long;
lobes obovate or obovate-oblong, obtuse. Corolla pale blue {Johnston),
yellowish in the dried state ; lobes 4-5 lin. long, oblong, with a pair of
ciliate nectaries near the base. Stamens much shorter than the corolla-
lobes. Ovary elliptic-lanceolate, slightly narrowed to the very obtuse
sessile 2-lobed stigma. — S. pumila, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 338,
partly.

IHCozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, at 9000-10,000 ft.,
Thomson ! Johnston, 116 ! Kitinika Volcano, 10100 ft., Volkens, 943 ! Mawenzi
Peak, 7800 ft., Volkens, 787.

Sir Harry Johnston states that the flowers are pale blue, but in the dried state
they are yellowish, with some of those that are faded didl lilac.

13. S. Volkensii, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxvi. 108. A dwarf
glabrous perennial, 2-1 in. high, with a thick many-headed rootstock.
Radical leaves crowded or rosulate, \-\\ in. long, lJ-5 lin. broad,
ascending, lanceolate, obtusely pointed, tapering into a long petiole
below ; stem-leaves in about 2-3 distant pairs, 5-8 lin. long, 1-2^ lin.
broad, sessile, narrowly lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse (very
acute, ex Gilg), all apparently somewhat fleshy or subcoriaceous, not
membranous as originally described. Flowers about 3 in a terminal
cyme, 5-merous ; pedicels \\-^ lin. long. Sepals 2-5 lin. long, |-1 lin.
broad, lanceolate, acute, about as long as the corolla. Corolla-lobes
rather thick, 3J-5J lin. long, lj-21in. broad, lanceolate, acute, or rarely
oblong, obtuse, without nectaries (with 2 nectaries, ex Gilg) at the
base. Stamens *2-'l\ lin. long ; anthers apiculate, somewhat acutely
sagittate at the base. Capsule 3J-4 lin. long, about \\ lin. broad,
elongate-ovate, acute ; valves tipped with the very short (about \ lin.
long) style ; stigma small, about \ lin. broad, very obtuse.

IKEozaxnb. Sist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, on the lava-field of the
western slope of Mawenzi Peak, 14400 ft, Volkens, 1357 !

A remarkable species, very like S. crassiusciila, Gilg, in appearance, but with
acute sepals, and much thicker petals than in any other species. In a port'on of the
type specimen, kindly lent by Piofessor Engler, I could find no trace of the fringed
nectaries which are described by Gilg as present near ihe base of the petals, so they
may perhaps be present or absent in this species. N. E. Br.

Swertia.] Lxxxvii. gentiane.e (bakeu and brown). f)?;

14. S. petitiana, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. ."ia. Root per-
ennial ; stems 4-5 in. high, 4 -angled, simple or branched above. Root-
leaves J-i in. long, 2-2J lin. broad, obovate, with a short petiole ; stem-
leaves in 8-4 pairs, 4-8 lin. long, 3-8 lin. broad, broadly ovate, sessile.
Cymes few-flowered, simple or sparsely panieled ; flowers pentamerous ;
pedicels short. Sepals 2^-3 lin. long, spathulate-obovate to ovate,
obtuse. Corolla-lobes 4-5 lin. long, 3-3J lin. broad, very obtu.se, with
a pair of nectaries at the base. Stamens 4- in. lon^ — En^d. llochce-
birgsfl. Trop. Afr. 338. 4^06

XTile ]Land. Al)yssinia : VVojerat Province, Peiit !

15. S. wojeratensis, N. E. Br. Perennial, '^-^ in. high; stem
apparently solitary, simple or branched; branches sub-erect or
ascending, corymbose. Leaves in 1-2 pairs at the base and on
the stem, ^| in. long, 2-41 ijn. broad, broadly ovate, obtuse or sub-
acute, sessile. Cymes 3-5-tiowered, somewhat clustered; pedicels 1-12
lin. long; flowers 5-merous. Sepals 2-2^ lin. long, i-l| lin. broad,
oblanceolate to broadly obovate, obtuse. Corolla-lobe's 3-4 lin. long,
l|-2 lin. broad, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, subacute or obtuse but not
rounded at the apex, with two oblong fringed glands near the base.
Stamens l|-2 lin. long. Ovary oblong, obtuse ; stigma ses.sile ; lobes
broader than long, obtusely rounded.

irile Iiand. Abyssinia : Wojerat Province, Petit !

16. S. filicaulis, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxvi. 109. Probably
annual ; stem filiform, 4 in. long, slightly branched. Leaves distant,
sessile, orbicular or ovate-orbicular, 2J-3J lin. long and broad, obtuse.
Flowers solitary, 5-merous. Calyx-lobes ^-^ in. long, | lin. broad;
obovate, obtuse. Corolla-lobes 4 lin. long, 2 lin. broad, obovate-oblong,
obtuse, with a pair of minute fimbriate nectaries near the base.

KTlle Xiand. Abyssinia : Samen ; Gluiba, near Gondar, Steudner.

17. S. Wellbyi, iV. E. Br. Annual, 6 in. high in the only
specimen seen ; stem slender with 1 branch. Leaves in about 4 distant
pairs, 3-4 lin. long, 2i lin. broad, ovate, subobtuse, very broadly rounded
or almost subcordate at the subsessile base, scarcely petiolate. Cymes
terminal, umbellately 3-0-flowered ; pedicels 3-8 lin. long; flowers
5-merous. Sepals 1|-2| lin. long. A- J lin. broad, lanceolate, acute,
vslightly narrowed to the base. Corolla apparently white ; lobes 3-3i
lin. long, 2| lin. broad, elliptic or suborbicular, very obtuse, with 2
closely placed nearly circular nectaries near the base. Stamens 2 lin.
long. Ovary oblong, not tapering at the top ; stigma sessile, its lobes
rather more than A lin. broad, orbicular-oblong, very obtu.^e.

ITlle Ziand. Abyssin'a : Ix'lwecn Harrar and Add! Abbalm, Wtin>t/ !

18. S. brevipedicellata, Gihj iiml. Plant 0 in. high in the
only specimen seen, slightly branched, annual, glabrous, coiiiparatively
few-flowered. Radical leaves rosulate, ^-J in. long, 3-4 lin. broad,
elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, narrowed into a short, petiole ; stem-

578 Lxxxvii. GENTiANE^. (baker AND brown). [Swevtia,

leaves in 3-4 distant pairs, sessile, 3-4 lin. long, \\-?> lin. broad,
obtuse, rounded or subcordate at the base. Flowers 3-4, umbellate at
the ends of the stem and branches, 5-merous ; pedicels unequal, J-J
in. long. Sepals 2-2J lin. long, §-| lin. broad, linear-oblong, acute.
Corolla-lobes 4-5 lin. long, 2-2J lin. broad, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, v;ith
2 long-fringed nectaries near the base. Stamens 2^-3 lin. long.
Ovary oblong-fusiform ; stigma sessile, its lobes orbicular-ovate,
obtuse.

Nile Ziand. Eritrea: Aml)olaco, Schiveinfurth^ 462!

19. S. subalpina, N. E. Br. Annual? 3-G in. high, usually
branching at the base ; stems usually 1-3-flowered, in large sjiecimens
with a terminal umbel-like cyme of 3-5 flowers and 2-4 from the node
below. Basal leaves crowded or rosulate, elliptic or orbicular, shortly
petiolate, -J-J in. long, 1 1-5 lin. broad; stem-leaves 1-2 pairs, lJ-4
lin. long, |-lf lin. broad, ovate, obtuse or subacute, all rather thick
and coriaceous. Flowers 5-merous ; pedicels J-lf in. long, not very
.slender, rather stiffly erect or ascending. Sepals 1^-3^ lin. long, -2-I-4
lin. broad, narrowly oblong to elliptic-ovate, obtuse. Corolla light
yellow {Mann) ; lobes 3i-5 lin. long, l|-2 lin. broad, elliptic, obtusely
rounded at the apex, with 2 oblong, scantily fringed nectaries near the
base. Stamens 2-2^^ lin. long. Ovary narrowly oblong, scarcely
narrowed at the top ; stigma sessile, with transversely oblong lobes
\ lin. long, -J- lin. broad. Capsule 3J-5 lin. long, narrowly oblong-
lanceolate, equalling or exceeding the corolla.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 8000-10,000 ft., Mann,
1216!

20. S. abyssinica, Ilochst. in Floo-a, 1844, 28. Annual ; stems
weak, slender, G-0 in, long, 4-angled, simple or branched. Leaves in
3-5 distant pairs, ovate, cordate-amplexicaul, obtuse or acute, i-1 in.
long. Cymes simple or panicled, few-flowered ; pedicels J-l j in. long.
Flowers whitish, pentamerous. Calyx-lobes 1^-3 lin. long, oblong-obovate
or linear-oblong, obtuse. Corolla \-\ in. long ; lobes oblong, with a
pair of short oblong nectaries near the base, fringed wdth long hairs.
Stamens ^ the length of the corolla. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed. — Griseb.
in DC. Prod. ix. 134; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 54 ; Engl. Hochge-
birgsfl. Trop. Afr. 337.

Nile Ziand. Abyssinia : Mount Slioloda, Schlmper, 22 ! Sliircli Province,
Petit, 177 ! and without ]M-ecise locality, Scliimper, 077 ! ParJctjns /

21. S. clarenceana. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. Ifi, vii.
207. Annual, much branched; stems erect, 1-1 J ft. long, narrowly
4-winged ; wings scabrid-denticulate. Stem-leaves many, sessile,
broadly ovate, obtuse or acute, broadly rounded or subcordate at
the base, ^^-1 in. long, 3-8 lin. broad. Cymes copiously panicled ;
pedicels \-l\ in. long. Flowers pentamerous. Calyx-lobes 2-2-J lin.
long, J-4 lin. broad, oblong, acute or subobtuse. Corolla-lobes 3 J-5
lin. lonj?, l#-3 hn. broad, obovate-oblong, with a pair of oblong fringed

Swertia.] lxxxvii. gentiaxe.e (baker and urown). 579

nectaries near the base. Stamens 2-2J lin. long. Ovary oblong
subobtuse ; »tigma sessile, not decurrent, obtuse, sliehtly "^-lobed —
Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. :}:58.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po : Clarence peak, HoOO-10,700 ft., Mann, 596

22. S. dissimilis, N. E. Br. Annual, 8-10 in. higli, branching
from the base upwards; branches erect, forming an elongated panicle 4-10
in. long,/l|-4 in. broad ; angles of the stem and pedicels not .scabrid-

i * o' o * 7 J ^' broadly spi^i,,..w.vi-^-,

with acute recurving tips. Corolla white, with occasionally blue lines
{Johnston) ; lobes 2^-4 lin. long, 1-1 J lin. broad, obtuse or rounded at
the apex, with 2 oblong fringed nectaries near the base. Stamens
l§-3 lin. long. Ovary oblong or oblong-lanceolate, slightly tapering at
the top ; stigma small, sessile, scarcely \ lin. broad ; lobes subquadrate.
Capsule 8-5 lin. long, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to the sub-
obtuse apex, slightly exceeding the corolla.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 6000-9000 ft., Mann,
1994 ! Johnston, 89 !

23. S. Lastii, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 337. Annual, erect,
J-2 ft. high, branching from the base or middle, slightly 4-angled.
Leaves in several distant pairs, J-f in. long, 1 J-5 lin. broad, ovate, sub-
acute, rarely cordate-orbicular and obtuse. Cymes broadly corymbose,
umbellately 3-8 -flowered ; flowers 5-merous ; pedicels i-lj in. Ion"".
Sepals lJ-3 lin. long, f-lf lin. broad, obovate-oblong to elliptic-ovate,
obtuse or acute. Corolla-lobes 3^-5 lin. long, 2-2}^ lin. broad, elliptic-
oblong or oblong-obovate, obtuse, with 2 nectaries near the base, white
or more less deeply tinted with purple, especially on the half that is
uncovered in bud. Stamens 2^ lin. long. Ovary oblong, subobtuse ;
stigma sessile; lobes broad, obtusely rounded. Capsule 4-6 lin. long,
oblong ; valves obtuse. — aS'. 'porjihyrantha^ Baker in Kew Bulletin,
1898, i:»9.

XWozamb. Bist. Portuguese East Africa : Makui ; Numuli, Last ! Xyika
Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whtjte, 147 ! Masuku Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whtfte !

24. S. Whytei, iV. E. Br. Annual, about 9-10 in. high, very
much branched, with short internodes ; branches erect or ascending,
leafy, ending in compact several-flowered cymes, rather crowded into
a subcorymbose inflorescence. Leaves in many pairs, none crowded at
the base, spreading, ^-l-\ in. long, 2-C) lin. broad, oblong or ovate-olilong,
subacute. Flowers r)-merous ; pedicels 2-9 lin. long. Sepals 2-2^ lin.
long, f-lo li^- broad, obovate-oblong to broadly ovate, not recurved at
the obtuse tips. Corolla apparently white; lobes 3^-4 lin. long, 2-2h
Un. broad, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, obtusely rounded at the apex, with
2 rather large oblong fringed nectaries near the hi\se Stnmenr. 2.1

580 LXXXVII. GENTIANEiE (bAKER AND BROWN). [SimHia.

lin. long. Ovary oblong ; stigma sessile ; lobes roundish-oblong, J lin.
broad and rather longer.

Nile ]band. Uganda : second day's march from Eldoma Ravine, Whyte !

Allied to S. Eminii, Engl., but with much larger flowers.

25. S. usambarensis, Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 314. Annual,
1-H ft. high; stems simple or branched from the base; branches
ascending, corymbose-paniculate. Leaves ^-1 in. long, 1-8 lin. broad,
apparently somewhat fleshy or rather thick ; lower oblong-lanceo-
late or linear-lanceolate, narrowed at the base or very shortly
petioled ; upper lanceolate, acute or subobtuse, narrowed at the base.
Flower-branches panicled, umbellately 3-10-flowered; flowers r)-merous ;
pedicels J-1?;- in. long. Calyx-segments lJ-3 lin. long, i>-l lin. broad,
usually linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, occasionally broadly ovate,
acute or subobtuse. Corolla pale blue (ex Engler), whitish in the dried
state; lobes 3^-5 lin. long, lf-2^ lin. broad, oblong or elliptic-oblong,
obtuse, with 2 oblong densely long- ciliate nectaries near the base.
Stamens 2J-3 lin. long. Ovary oblong ; stigma sessile, broad, obtuse,
2-lobed. — >S'. polyantha, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxvi. 109.

Iffile Iiand. British East Africa : Lykipia, 8000 ft., Thomson ! Somaliland :
Galla Highlands, between Oi and Jaribule, Riva, 1228 ! Coromme, Riva, 1405 !

Mozaxnb. Slst. German East Africa: Usambara; Mlalo, 5200 ft., Hoist,
622! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whiite,
124! between Mpata and the commencement of Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft.,
Whyte >

26. S. Eminii, Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 314. Stems tall, erect,
much branched; branches ascending. Leaves narrowly oblong or lance-
olate, obtuse ; lower shortly petioled ; upper 5-7 lin. long, 1-2 lin.
broad, narrowed into a very short petiole. Inflorescence cymose-
corymbose ; flowers very small, 4-5 umbellate at the ends of the
branches, 5-merous ; pedicels about 4 lin. long. Calyx-segments very
unequal, 1J-2J lin. long, |-f lin. broad, linear-oblong, obtuse, with
recurved-spreading tips. Corolla-lobes lJ-2 lin. long, 1-1| lin. broad,
oblong, obtuse, with a pair of minute ciliate nectaries near the base.
Stamens 1-1^ lin. long. Ovary distinctly narrowed into a stout style
about i lin. long ; stigmatic lobes longer than broad, ovate, obtuse.

Wile Xtand. Ugrnnda : on the Lendu Plateau, west of the Albert Nyanza,
Stuhlmann, 2708, 2758 !

Perhaps to this species should also be referred the following Uganda specimens: —
Ruwenzori, Scott-Mliot, 7569 ! and second day's march from Nandi, Whyte! But
tliey differ from the small branch of the type which 1 have seen, in being more
floriferous with the sepals but slightly or not at all recurved at the tips, corolla-lobes
2h lin. long, and the stigma more sessile. Both are very much bj-ancliedand very leafy
specimens 10-14 in. higli, with exceedingly numerous rather crowtled small cymes ;
tlie flowers are frequently 4-merous. — N. E. Br.

27. S. curtioides, Gilg in Engl. Jahrh. xxx. 379. A glabrous
annual, 2^,-5 in. high ; stems slender, simple, or with about 1 branch.

Swertia.] lxxxvii. gentiane^e (baker and brown). .>81

Leaves 2-5 lio. long, j-2 lin. broad ; basal much smaller than the re.^t,
ovate or obovate-oblong, obtuse, subpetiolate ; upper sessile, distant,
ovate-lanceolate, tapering to an acute point,. more or less folded length-
wise, spreading. Flowers in terminal 4-1 1 -flowered umbels, 5-merous ;
pedicels J-l in. long. Sepals l-2i lin. long, J- J lin. broad, lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, acute. Corolfa-lobes '^-4^ lin. long, lJ-2 lin.
broad, elliptic to obovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, with 2 fimbriate
nectaries near the base. Stamens 1 j-2 lin. long. Ovary ovoid-oblong,
scarcely narrowed to the large sessile stigma ; stigmatic lobes broader
than long, obtuse.

nCozaml). Dist. German East Africa : Ukwama Mountains, Kinga (Livinp-
stone) Range, 8200 ft., Ooetze, 913 !

28. S. Mannii, Hook.f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 20G. Annual ;
stems slender, erect, 4-9 in. long, 4-angled. Stem-leaves distant,
sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, spreading, J-J in. long, i-H lin. broad.
Cymes simple or copiously panicled ; pedicels 2^-7 lin. long, erect.
Flowers pentamerous, white. Calyx ^ in. long { segments narrowly
lanceolate, acute. Corolla white ; lobes 3-3 J lin. long, 1 lin. broad,
narrowly oblong, very obtuse, with a pair of small oblong fimbriated
nectaries near the base. Stamens 2 lin. long ; anthers orbicular-
oblong. Ovary narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the stigma, but not
forming a distinct style; stigmatic lobes longer than broad, oblong,
obtuse. Capsule 3-4 lin. long, narrowly lanceolate, acute. — Engl.
Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 339.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 7000-10,000 ft., Mann,
2000 ! Johnston, 90 !

29. S. stellarioides, /^mZAo, PL Uteis, 225. Plant ^-1 ft. high,
annual. Stem simple or branched above ; branches ascemling, corym-
bose. Radical leaves J-J in. long, H— 2 lin. broad, lanceolate, obtuf:e,
narrowed into a short petiole at the base ; stem-leaves ^-1 in. long,
|-2 lin. broad, linear-lanceolate to linear, obtuse, ascending, the upper-
most spreading. Cymes simple or panicled, subumbellately 3-}^-
llowered. Flowers 5-merous. Pedicels J-1 in. long. Sepals unequal,
1J-3J lin. long, |—§ lin. broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute.
Corolla-lobes 3J-5 lin. long, 1^-lf lin. broad, oblong-obovate, obtuse,
white, with purple lines inside, with 2 oblong ciliate nectaries near the
base. Stamens 2 lin. long. Ovary oblong, scarcely narrowed to the
very broad obtuse sessile 2-lobed stigma, which is broader than long.
Capsule-valves obtuse. — Hiern, Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. 711. <V.
Welwitschii, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 330. Adenopogon
stellarioides, Welw. Syn. Explic. 27.

Iiower Guinea. Angola: Huilla ; in damp i)astures in Mono de Lojo'-lo,
5200-5600 ft,, Wehoitsch, 1515! banks of the River Palanca, near Huiniuita,
Netvton, 160! Cunciie, Johnston /

30. S. Sharpei, A^. E. Jir. Annual, l]-2 ft. high, em-t,
branched above ; branches ascending or somewhat spreading, forming a

i)^'2 LXXXVII. GENTIANE.E (bAKER AND BROWn). [Swertia.

corymbose or rounded panicle of several-flowered cymes. Leaves in
many distant pairs, erect or ascending, J-2 in. long, l-2-|- lin. broad,
linear, acute, sessile, scarcely or not at all narrowed at the base.
Flowers 5-merous ; pedicels -|— J in. long. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, g-J
lin. broad, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute. Corolla-lobes 37^-4^1
lin. long, 1J-2J lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic with acute
complicate slightly spreading tips and 2 oblong fringed nectaries near
the base. Stamens 2h lin. long. Ovary oblong, scarcely narrowed at
the tup ; stigma sessile ; lobes usually longer than broad, obtuse.

Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount ZomLa, Shavpe,
157 ! Nainasi, Cameron, 13 ! sontli of Lake Shirwa, Meller ! foot of Mount Sochi,
KirJc ! Mang mja Hif^hlands, 3000 ft., iu damp places, KirTi ! Shire Highlands,
abundant in marshes, Buchatmn, 461 !

A specimoi collected in swamps on hills between Unangu and Lake Shire in
Portuguese East Africa by Archdeacon Johnson (10), appears to belong to this
species, but the corolla-lohes are rather less acute.

31. S. pleurogynoides. Baker iii Kew Bulletin, 1808, 158. A
glabrous annual. Stems slender, erect, 1 ft. or more long, branched
upwards; branches very erect, parallel with the stem. Leaves in
distant pairs, sessile, linear, f-lj in. long, ^-1 lin. broad. Cymes
many, few-flowered, terminal and axillary, forming a long very narrow
panicle. Flowers 5-merous; pedicels 1-8 lin. long. Sepals Hn ear,
acute, 21-6 lin. long, J lin. broad. Corolla-lobes 3^-4 lin. long, l^-lj
lin. broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, furnished with a pair of
nectaries at the base, yellow in the dried state. Stamens li-l| lin.
long. Anthers small, oblong or subquadrate. Ovary compressed,
elliptic; stigma sessile and decurrent to nearly half-way down the
ovary, obtuse. Capsule 31-41 lin. long, 2 hn, broad, compressed,
elliptic ; valves obtuse.

Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland; between Kondowc and
Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Shire Highlands, Buchanan !

32. S. tetrandra, Eochst. in Flora, 1844, 28. A very small
annual, 11-3 in. high; stem slender, branching upwards. Leaves
very small, 21-31 lin. long; lower about 1 lin. broad, sub-
spathulate or ovate, obtuse, abruptly narrowed into a short petiole ;
upper J-| lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute. Flowers in umbellate
clusters of 3-5 at the ends of the stem and branches, tetramerous.
('alyx-scgments l.i-2^, lin. long, | r lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, very
acute, unequal, as long as or longer than the corolla. Corolla white ;
lobes IJ-lf lin. long, l lin. broad, oblong, unequally 2-5-toothed at
the apex, with a pair of minute ciliate nectaries at the base. Stamens
1 lin. long. Ovary ellipsoid-oblong; stigma sessile; lobes obtuse.
Valves of the capsule obtuse. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 57;
Griseb. in DC. Prod. ix. 563.

*rile Iiand. Abyssinia, near Adown, Schlmper ! Shirch Province, Qiiarlin
Dillon (ex liic/iard)^ and without precise loc;dity, Schlmper (ex Hoc hate tier).

Stoei-iia.] Lxxxvii. centiane.e (baker and brown).

:>8;j

o3. S. intermixta^ A. Hick. Teat. Ft. Ahi/ss. ii. :.7. A very
small annual; stems slender, simple, 2-8 in. long, faintly 4-angled.
Lower leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse, scarcely petiolate ; upper ovate,
obtuse. Flowers tetramerous. Sepals elliptic-subspathulate, sub-
obtuse, shorter than the corolla. Corolla-lobes elliptic, obtuse, with
two densely ciliate nectaries at the base. Ovary subattenuate at the
apex.

XTile Xiand. Abyssinia: Sliireh Province, Quartin- Dillon.

13. LIMNANTHEMUM, S. G. Gmel.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.

PI. ii. 810.

Calyx-tube very short ; segments 5-G, lanceolate or oblong.
Corolla-tube campanulate or shortly funnel-shaped, with 5-G peltate
tufts of hairs above the middle ; lobes 5-G, oblong, valvate, the broad
induplicate edges fimbriate or entire. Stamens 5-C, inserted at or
below the corolla-sinuses ; filaments short ; anthers versatile. Hypo-
gynous glands minute. Ovary 1-celled ; placentas parietal. Style
short or long ; stigmas 2-lobed. Capsule globose, ovoid or oblong, in-
del^iscent or buisting it*regularly. Seeds few or many, smooth or
tuberculate, sometimes subcarinate. — Aquatic herbs. Stems erect or
runner -like with alternate or subopposite leaves, or resembling petioles,
and described below as false petioles. Leaves orbicular, elliptic or
ovate, deeply notched or rarely entire at the base, entire, crenate or
toothed at the margin. Flowers solitary, in pairs or clusters at the
nodes, or on the apparent petiole close to or at a little distance below
the leaf -blade. Pedicels fascicled or single. Flowers yellow or white,
heterostyled.

Species several, widely spread throngh the tropical and temperate regions of both
hemispheres.

Many of the species of this genus, being much alike, require revision from care-
fully prepared descriptions or notes made from living specimens. The characters
afforded by the corolla are exceedingly difficult to observe in the dried state. The
seeds, however, of the various species are very distinct when compaicd side by
side, although it is somewhat difficult to state the differences in words. Other
characters may be found in the pedicels and number of flowers in a cluster. —
N. E. Br.

Seeds smooth.

Leaves coriaceous ; seeds sliirhtly shining, grey,

mottled with darker I. L. ihunbergiannm.

Leaves thin; seeds opaque, light oclucous . 2. L. ahyssinicnm.

Seeds tuberculate or papillate-tubcrculate.

Leaves up to ^\ in. broad ; pedicels ^-l lin. thick.
Seedsvalmost globose, whitish, v densely covered
with small tubercles; corolla-lobes ciliate and
with numerous hair^ on the disk . . . '■i. L. Tl hyiei.
Seeds slightly compressed - globose, ochreous,
densely and minutely papillate-tubercnlnte ;
corolla-lobes ciliate and with nnnierous hairs
on the disk i- ^- A""Xu.

ub4 Lxxxvii. GENTIANE^ (jJAKER AND brown). [Limnauthemum.

Seeds compressed - globose, subcarinate, thinly
covei'ed with smiiU tubercles.
Corolla-lobes ciliate, but without hairs on the

disk . . . . . . . 5. Z. niloticum.

Corolhi-lobes thinly ciliate, with 3 or more

thinly hairy lines on the disk . . . 6. X. Rautaneni.

Leaves up to 7 in, broad ; pedicels f lin. thick ;
seeds much compressed, sublenticular, minutely
papillate-tuberculate . . . . . 1 . L. senegalense.

1. L. thunberglanum, Qriseb. Gen. d: Sp. Gent. 34:5. Leaves
1-5 in. in diam., orbicular, with a deep acute sinus at the base, cori-
aceous. False petioles |-2 lin. thick, bearing 10-25 flowers in a cluster,
close to or from \-l in. below the leaf-blade. Pedicels |-2 in. long,
|— I lin. thick. Sepals 2-3 lin. long, lanceolate or oblong, acute or
obtuse. Corolla, white ; tube with 5 tufts of hairs above the middle ;
lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, ciliate, and with long hairs on the inner
face. Hypogynous glands subquadrate, very minutely ciliate. Fruit
ellipsoid, G-18-seeded, equalling or shorter than the calyx. Seeds | lin.
in diam., h lin. thick, compressed globose, subcarinate, smooth, slightly
shining, greyish, mottled with darker. — DC. Prod, ix. 139 ; Gilg in
Baum, Kunene-Sambesi Exped. 335 ; Wood & Evans, Natal PI. i. 29,
t. 34. L. forbesianum, Griseb. Gen. & Sp, Gent. 345 and in DC. Prod,
ix. 139, partly. L. ecklonianum, Griseb. Gen. & Sp. Gent. 346, and in
DC. Prod. ix. 140. Menyanthes indica, Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes,
167, not of Linn.

Xioxver Guinea. Angola : Amboelln ; Mashonge stream, near Napalanka,
Baum, 592, and in a swamp by the River Kubango, Baum, 397 (ex Gilg).

Mozaxnb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique, Forbes ! Quilimane,
Scott !

Also in South Africa.

L. forbesianum, Griseb., according to the type specimens at Kew, was founded
upon the above-quoted specimen collected by Forbes (which has two leaves, respec-
tively 1 and 2h in. in diam., with pedicels as described above,) and an utterly
different plant collected in Ceylon by M.icrae, in which the leaves, are ^-1^ in.
in diam., and the flowers in pairs at the nodes of an elongated stem, or, in small
plants grown in very shallow water, among the axils of the leaves. Macrae's dried
specimens (No, 87) do not differ in any way from those of L. aurantiacum, Dalz.,
although t)io flowers are stated to be white on the label. See Hook. fil. Fl, Brit.
Ind. iv. 132, Two very different plants having thus been combined by Grisebach
under one description, which agrees with neither of them, it appears better to discard
the name L. forbesianum altogether. — N. E. Br.

2. L. abyssinicum, N. E. Br. Leaves lJ-4 in. in diam., orbi-
cular, with a deep acute sinus at the base, very thin and membranous.
False petioles j-lj lin. thick, bearing 10-12 or more flowers in a
cluster, close to the leaf- blade. Pedicels \-l in. long, J-^ lin. thick.
Sepals 1 A- 2 .lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, subacute or obtuse. Corolla
not seen. Fiuit globose, exceeding the sepals, lO-20-seeded. Seeds

Limnaiithemum.] lxxxvii. gentiane^ (haker and brown). 585

J lin. in diam., J lin. thick, compressed-globose, subcarinate, apiculate at
the basal end, smooth, opaque, light ochreous.

Xlle Xiand. Abyssinia : witliout precise locality, Schimper, 1358 !

3. L. Whytei, iV. E. Br. Leaves '^\-^\ in. in diam., otherwise
as in L. Rautaneni. False petioles 1-1 J lin. thick, with lo-SO flowers
in a cluster, 1-3 lin. below the leaf-blade. Pedicels 1J-2| in. long,
\-\ lin. thick. Sepals 2^3 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse.
Corolla yellow ; lobes ciliate and covered with long hairs. Fruit
globose, shorter than the sepals, about 5-9 -seeded. Seeds almost
globose, I lin. in diam. and almost as thick, rather densely covered
with very numerous small tubercles, whitish.

xrile Iiand. British East Africa : north of Mombasa, to Lauui and Witu,
Whyte, 40 !

4. Ij. Kirkii, K. E. Br. Leaves 1^-2 in. long, lj-2| in. broad,
orbicular or reniform, with a deep acute or very broad obtuse sinus at
the base. False petioles J-1 lin. thick, bearing 4-18 flowers in a
cluster 1-3 lin. below the leaf-blade. Pedicels -2-IJ in. long, \-h lin.
thick. Sepals 2-2| lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse.
Corolla-tube with 5 tufts of hairs above the middle ; lobes oblong,
acute, with numerous hairs on their inner face. Hypogynous glands
subquadrate, very minutely ciliate. Fruit ellipsoid or globose, as long as
the calyx, 6-10-seeded. Seeds | lin. in diam., rather more than h lin.
thick, slightly compressed-globose, densely covered with minute
papilla-like tubercles.

Mozamb. Bist. Zanzibar, Kirk, 2 ! Hildebrandt, 1995 !

5. L. niloticum, Kotschy I- Peyr. PL Tinn. 'IS, t. 0, A. Leaves
l-i\ in. in diam., orbicular, with a deep acute sinus at the base, thin,
membranous. False petioles J-1 lin. thick, bearing 4-S flowers in a
cluster, 1-2 lin. below the leaf-blade. Pedicels 1-2^ in. long, \-\ lin.
thick. Sepals 2-2^ lin. long, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or
obtuse. Corolla yellow ; tube with 5 tufts of hairs at the middle ;
lobes ciliate with long hairs, but without hairs on the disk. Hypo-
gynous glands subquadrate, ciliate. Fruit subglobose, about equalling
the calyx, 7-10-seeded. Seeds compressed-globose, subcarinate, j-1
lin. in diam., J-f lin. thick, thinly covered with small tubercles.

Upper Guinea. Niger Territory : Xupc ; in small lakes, Barter, 1329 !

Iffile land. Bongo : Gurfala, Schiveinfurih, 2270 ! in the River Jur,
Heuglin, 35.

In Barter's specimen the corolla-lobes ai)i)car to be frinfjoJ only alonp one
margin, and the flowers are 10-14 in a cluster, but otherwise it appears to be the
same as the Bongo plant. — N. E. Br,

('.. L. Rautaneni, N. E. Br. Leaves 1-3 in. in diam., orbicular,
with a deep acute, but rather open, sinus at the base, thin, membranous.
False petioles J-J lin. thick, bearing 8-lH flowers in a cluster, 1-3 Im.

08G Lxxxvii. GENTiANEiE (baker AND brown). [Limuantlt^mu'iii.

below the leaf-blade. Pedicels i-1^ in. long, J-l lin. thick. Sepals
l|-l-i- lin. long, oblong to deltoid-ovate, acute or subobtuse. Corolla-
lobes very sparingly ciliate, with a median ciliate crest and 1 or more
lines of a few hairs on each side. Fruit globose, equalling or shorter
than the sepals, 2-10-seeded. Seeds compressed-globose, | lin. in
diam., J lin. thick, subcarinate, thinly covered with small and very
prominent tubercles, which are sometimes absent from the centre,
ochreous.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla to Humpata, Johnston ! German South-
west Africa : Amboland ; Olukonda, Bautanen, 6 !

Probably to this species should bo reftrred L. niloh'cum, Gilg in Baum, Kunene-
Sambesi Expcd,, 335, collected in Angola, in swamps on the banks ot the Kiver
Kubango, above the Quatiri River, Baum^ 400, and in muddy places on the River
Cunene, above Humbe, Baum, 108. " Flowers white."

7. L. senegalense, M. E. Br. Leaves 1-8 in. long, 1-7| in.
broad, orbicular or orbicular-oblong, broadly cordate, with a very open
sinus at the base, very obtuse, entire or repand at the margin, sub-
coriaceous. False petioles often runner-like and bearing 2 or more
distant leaves, with 12-30 flowers in a cluster, J-lJ in. below the leaf-
blade, stout, 1-3 lin. thick. Pedicels 1-2^ in. long, stout, | lin. thick.
Sepals 2J-3 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute. Corolla white, ciliate,
with a fringed corona at the base of the lobes (Grisehach). Fruit
ellipsoid, equalling or shorter than the calyx, G-15-seeded. Seeds f-1
lin. long and slightly narrower, J lin. thick, orbicular-oblong, much
compressed, sublenticular, rather thickly covered with minute papilla-
like tubercles. — L. orbiculatum, Griseb. Gen. & Sp. Gent. 348, and in
DC. Prod, ix, 140, partly. Menyanthes indica, var. /3, Lam. Encycl. iv.
91. Villarsia se7iegalensis, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 169.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia : Richard Toll, Boger ! and without precise
locality, Leprieur ! Leschenault and Perrottet (ex Q-risehach).- Senegal, Boussillon
(ex Lamarck).

Very distinct from all the other African species in its stouter stems or false
petioles and pedicels, and the much more compressed seeds, on which (with the
exception of those of L. KirJcii, N. E. Br.), the tubercles are more numerous and
only half as large as those on the seeds of the other species. The 'flowers, to:*,
appear to be larger, but those on the specimens seen are too decayed to permit
of examination. See note under L. orbiculatum, Griseb.

hnijerfecily known species..

8. L. orbiculatum, Griseb. Gen. d- Sp. Gent. 348. " Corolla
scarcely overtopping the calyx, fimbriate on the margin, seeds
numerous, compressed, granulate-asperate. — Lam. 111. nr. 196G, et
Men. indica, ^, Enc. iv., p. 91."

The above name and description apparently refer to two distinct plants, neither
of which was seen by Grisebach. Tlie name L. orbiculatum is transferred from
Menyanthes orhiculata. Lam. 111. i. 438, no. 1966, and tlie description is extracted
from that given by Lamarck under M. iiidica, var. (i, whilst the drscription of
M. oi-biculata is not given at all : it runs as follows : " M. orbiculatu, leaves

Limnanthemum.] lxxxvii. gentiane/E (baker and buown). 587

orbiculnr, crenate, peltate, tlorifeious ;\t the centre, Howcrs congested, subscssilc."
It was collected in the " interior of Africa " by Vaillant. This description evidently
refers to a totally different plant from M. indica, var. /3, and to it belongH the
synonym, FiV/ar^m orhiculata, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 169. Therefore, since tlnTnamc
L. orbiculatum, Griseb., belongs to one plant and the descrii)lioii nnder it to anotlier,
and as G. Don clearly perceived tlie difference between the two and pave the name
Villarsia senegalevsis to one of them, it appears advisable to discard the name L.
orbiculatum and retain that of L. senegalense for the preceding species. — N. E. Br.
9. L. indicum, Durand I- De Wild, in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.
xxxvii. 123, and Reliq. Dewevr. 162, not of Griseh. Flowers yellow.

South Central. Congo Free State : Kipilie, Laurent, and near Lnkolela,
JDewevre, 831, 862a.

This may be the same as one of the species above described, but it is certaiidv
not L. indicum, Griseb., which according to the type specimen at Kew is identical
with L. cristatum, Griseb., and has white Howers. I have not found a single
instance in which the African and Indian plants of this genus belong to the same
ppecies. — N. E. Br.

ADDENDA.

33. Jasminum mauritianuxn, Bojer. Add : J. angulare, Gilg
in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 330. not of Vahl.

DEKINDTIA, Gilg in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 139.

Flowers hermaphrodite, 4-merous. Sepals 4, free ; 2 opposite, ovate ; 2
smaller, lanceolate. Corolla-tube short ; lobes lanceolate, with a large in-
volute apical lobe. Stamens usually 2, rarely 3, inserted in the corolla-
tube; filaments very short; anthers ovate-orbicular, basifixed, hardly
longer than the corolla-tube, with a broad dorsal connective. Ovary
2-celled ; ovules 2 in a cell, pendulous from its apex, anatropous ; style
very short; stigmas subsessile, subcapitate, shortly 2-lobed. Fruit
unknown.

Distrib. Endeinic.

1. D. africana, Gilg, I. c. A shrub, G-12 ft. high, glabrous
in all its parts, with lenticellate greyish-yellow branchlets. Leaves
opposite, shortly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2-5 in. long,
entire, shortly and broadly acuminate, rather shining on the upper
surface, opaque beneath ; main veins 5-8 on either side. Flowers in
dense cymes in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels 0 ; bracts at the base of
the calyx 2, small, opposite. Sepals under 1 lin. long. Corolla 3 lin.
long ; lobes much longer than the tube.

Iiower Guinea. Angola ; Benguela, .3000 ft., Be Kendt, 73.

nSozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Blantyrc, Buchanan,
283 (6814 in Herh. ScJdechter) !

EPITABERNA, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiii. 316.

This was described as a new genus of Apocynacece, allied to Tabernce-
moniana, but differing in the perfectly inferior ovary and the diclinism
of the flowers. It belongs to Ruhiacece. The structure of the flower is
essentially that of Ileinsia, from which it difl'ers only in the bracteate,
obconic receptacle, the externally glabrous corolla-tube, tlie diclinism of
the flowers and to some extent in the habit.

The only species is E. myrnuacia, K. Schuni., I.e. 317, collected in the Ganierouiis,
near IJipindc, Zenlcer, 2339 !

ADDENDA. 5g9

1. Vahadenia, Stapf. The genus was rejected by De Wildeman
(Not. Apocyn. Latic. Congo, 61 et seq) on the ground that the
diflferential characters " as summarised in the key " were insufficient. The
key, which is merely intended to facilitate naming, contains only a
selection of more or less salient characters. A more comprehensive
statement of the generic differences of Vahadenia and Landolphia may
be found in the note on p. 29.

1. Vahadenia Laurentii, Stapf. Add : Syn. Landolphia
Laurentii, De Wild. I.e. (U) ; De Wild. A: Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo,
94, t. XV. — Var. grandijiora, De Wild, in Rev. Cult. Colon, xi. (r.M»2)
7G and Not. Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, i. 04 ; De Wild, ct Gentil, I.e.
9G, differs merely in having corolla-lobes attaining 10 lin. in length.
De Wildeman and Gentil describe the fruit as hard as a billiard ball.
Additional localities— Congo Free State; Lualaba-Kasai District at
Galikoko-Luebo, Gentil^ and near Basenga, Gentil.

\a. Landolphia (Jasminochila) ugandensis, Stapf. A
climbing shrub with long slender branched tendrils from the branch-
forks, branches of the tendrils slightly recurved, subpungent, the whole
plant glabrous or the younger parts and inflorescences more or less
pubescent ; young branches slender, dark reddish-brown, dotted with
minute lenticels. Leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, shortly and obtusely
acuminate, almost rounded at the base, 2^—3 in. (rarely 4 in.) long,
1-1^ (rarely 1 1) in. broad, chartaceous, slightly glossy above ; midrib
slender, channelled above, slightly raised below ; secondary nerves very
slender, 12-13 on each side, spreading, connected rather close to the
margins by equally slender arches ; network of veins faintly impressed
above, slightly raised delicate beneath ; petiole about 2 lin. long. Corymbs
subsessile or on peduncles up to over h in. long, 12-lG-flowered, den.se,
at last lengthening out into a short raceme ; bracts ovate to lanceolate,
up to 1 lin. long; pedicels 1-2 lin. long, bracteolate. Calyx 1-1 A lin.
long, usually ciliate, sometimes sparingly pubescent on the bnck, rarely
eciliate and quite glabrous ; sepals broad, ovate, obtuse, margins thin.
Corolla up to 8 lin. long in bud; tubes 3^-4 lin. long, slightly widened
below the middle, rather slender, hairy within above the .stamenB,
otherwise glabrous ; lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, 3i-4 lin. long, 1-1 1
lin. broad, silky at the very base. Stamens inserted IJ-H lin. above
the base of the corolla-tube; anthers lanceolate-oblong, scarcely \ lin.
long. Ovary ovoid, quite glabrous; style and stigma A-J lin. long.
Fruit globose {Dawe) with light brown lenticels.

Wrile Iiand. Uganda: Buddu ; Dumu Forest, 4000 ft., Dawe, 23 !

Very similar to L. watsoniana and L. kilimandjarica, but diflFeriiip from thf
former in the very short style and the corrosiMiiidinp: low position of the anther* ;
from the latter in the hairiness of the inner side of t lie eorolla-tuhe, the compara-
tively low inserticm of the stamens and the somewliat different venation of tlie
leaves. L, Buchananil and L. Cnmeronis have corolla-lobes distinctly N.n^'er than
the tube.

590 ADDENDA.

6. Landolphia senegalensis, Kotschy d- Peyr. Add : Chevalier
in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 306, 421 and vii. (1901) 425,
427 ; Hua in Rev. Cult. Colon, xi. 322-323.

7. Landolphia florida, Benth. The stem of this liane sometimes
attains a diameter of more than 1 foot, according to De Wildeman and
Gentil. Add : Chevalier in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 423 ;
Lecomte in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vii. (1901) 196; Hua, in Bull.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. viii. (1902) 65, 66; Busse in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii.
172 ; De Wild, in Etudes Fl. Bas et Moyen Congo, i. 67; De Wild.
& Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 87, tab. xi., xii.

Nile Iiand. Add : at Abousliendi, on the Blue Nile, Muriel, 49 !
Var. leiantha, OUr. Add: De Wild, and Gentil, I.e. 89.

Busse and De Wildeman and Gentil confirm Schlecliter's statement as to the
wo:thlessno-s of the latsx of L.Jlorida for the production of caoutchouc.

13. Landolphia scandens, Didr. Add : Hua in Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Par. viii. (1902), 66 ; De W ild. in Etudes Fl. Bas Congo, i. 67.
Upper Guinea. '1 ogo : near Lome, Warnecke, 252 !
South Central. Congo Free State : Kasai District, Lubue, Oenfil

16. Landolphia amoena^ Hua. Add : Ancylobotrys amoena,
Cheval. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 422.

18. Landolphia petersiana. Dyer. Add : Dyer in Hook .Ic. PI.
t. 2756. L. scandens, Busse in Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 169-172 (inch
vars. rotimdifolia, petersiana, and Tuhevjii). According to Busse, all
the varieties enumerated by him yield some sort of caoutchouc, whilst
the fruits are edible.

19. Landolphia owariensis, Beauv. Add : Cheval in Bull.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 424 ; Hua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par.
viii. (1902) 62-68 and in Rev. Cult. Colon, xi. 322-328 ; Busse in Engl.
Jahrb. xxxii. 169; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 51—58,
t. i. (not t. ii.). L. Gentilii, De Wild, ex De Wild, k Gentil, I.e. 61, t. iv.

Upper Guinea. Liberia : Greenville, Sivi, 3 ! 6 ! 8 ! 12 ! 15 !' 17 !

Xlle Iiand. Uganda: Dumu Forest, J)att'e, 13 partly !

2VIozamb> Blst. German East Africa : Kondelund, Stolz, 94« (ex Busse).

Acconling to Joiinson (label to No. 811), L. oioariensis is the source of the
" white ruliber " of the Gold Coast.

Var. tomentella Sfapf. Add under Nile Land, Bahr el Ghasal District :
between Pongo llivir and Bisihi, Broun !

19a. Landolphia (Eu-Landolphia) Dawei, Stapf. A scan-
dent shrub, quite glabrous with the exception of the finely rusty-
tomento:^e leaf-buds and infloresences ; tendrils unknown ; branches
brown, with numerous pale lenticels. Leaves oblong, shortly acumi-
nate, subacute or obtuse at the base, 4-8 in. long, lf-2J in. broad,
thinly coriaceous, glossy above ; midrib channelled above, prominent

ADDENDA. 591

below; secondary nerves about 13 on each side, oblique, slender,
connected by gently curved arches, 1-U lin. distant from tlie margin,'
like the loosely reticulating veins faintly" raised ; petiole 4-5 i lin. long!
Flowers in dense subsessile corymbs, at the end of the branches and
from the axils of the uppermost leaf pairs, the terminal up to 12-
flowered, minutely rusty tomentose all over ; bracts ovate, more or less
obtuse, 1 lin. long; pedicels stout, up to U lin. long, bracteolate.
Calyx 1^-1 J lin. long, segments very broad, ovate, obtuse. Corolla-
bud up to 6 lin. long ; tube 2 lin. long, widest between the middle and
the mouth, finely pubescent without above the glabrous base, very
sparingly within ; lobes linear-oblong, up to 4 lin. long, sparingly
pubescent near the base without. Stamens inserted at the middle or
just above it ; anthers lanceolate, almost 1 lin. long. Ovary ovoid, with
a densely white-silky top. Style and stigma 1 lin. long, the latter
cylindric, deeply bifid.

wile I.and. Uganda : Damn, 4000 ft., Dawe, 13 partly 1 47 partly !

Evidently nearly allied to L. owarierifiis and L. Klainei, but easily recognised
by the niuoh larger flowers. This yields, acein-ding to Dawe, excellent rubber.

196. Landolphia Pierrei, Uua in Compt. Rend. Acad, Paris,
cxxxv. (1902) 8G8. Flowering branches robust, covered when young
with long reddish -brown hairs, at l^gth glabrescent. Leaves more or less
elliptic, long acuminate, rounded or almost sinuate at the base, 4-0 in
long, 2-1 J in. broad, midrib hairy; secondary nerves about 12 on each
side, rather conspicuous. Panicle corymbose, almost sessile at the end of
the branches or in branch-forks, dense, hairy ; bracts subacute, persis-
tent ; pedicels extremely short. Sepals oblong or ovate. Corolla-tube
fusiform, finely pubescent in the exserted part ; limb 3-4 lin. in diam. ;
lobes falciform, subacute, about half as long as the exserted part of the
corolla-tube. Stamens inserted at the middle of the tube ; filaments
hairy at the base ; anthers emarginate at the apex. Ovary tubinate,
glabrous below, velvety above ; stigma as in L. owariensis. Fruit sub-
globose, almost 2 J in. long, 2 in. wide, deep yellow, turning black when
dry and covering itself with a blueish bloom, smooth. Seeds about 12,
irregular, angular, 7i-10 lin. Ipng. — L. owariensis, Hallier f. Kaut-
schuklianen in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. Anstalt, vii. (1809)
3. Beih. (in part). 78.

]Lower Guinea. Gaboon : Mount Bouet, near Libreville, Klaine, 286, 454,
544, 926, 1357, 1390, 1934iw, 1972 ; Sibange forest, Biittner, 497.

Biittner's specimens were on Hallier's autbcrity quoted on p 50" under L. oicnri-
ensis. Klaine states tbat caoutchouc is produced from tlie latex of L. Pierrei.

20. Landolphia Klainei, Pierre. Add : Lecomte in Bull.
Mas. Hist. Nat. Par. vii. (1901) 196 ; Cheval. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Par. vii. (1901), 42G ; Hua in Rev. Cult. Colon, xi. 322-328 ; De Wild.
Not. Apoc. Laticif. Congo, 07, t. iii. ; De Wild, k Gentil, Lian.
Caoutch. Congo, 07, tt. v., vi., vii. According to De Wildeman and
Gentil, the area of this species extends as far as the Ubangi River, and

592 ADDENDA.

the Districts of Eastern Kwango and Lualaba-Kasai, in the Congo
Free State.

21. Landolphia Dewevrei, Sta'pf. Add : De Wild. Not.
Apoc. Laticif. Congo, 78.

22. Landolphia humilis, K. Sclmm. Add : Hua in Rev. Cult.
Colon, xi. 822-;^28 ; Cheval. in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris, cxxxv.
,514 (var umhrosa) ; De Wild. Not. Apocyn. Latic. Congo, 52 et seq. ;
De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 124.

23. Landolphia Heudelotii, A. DC. Add : Hua in Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Par. vii. (1901) 79 and in Rev. Cult. Colon, xi. 322-328;
Cheval. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 424-430; I.e. vii.
(1901) 424, 427; Arnaud in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. viii. (1902)
(19, 70.

23a. Landolphia Stolzii, Busse in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii. 168,
t 6. A shrub climbing with long hook-branched tendrils; branches
yellowish-brown, at length glabrous, lenticellate, dark greyish. Leaves
very close on the young branches, ovate to ovate-oblong, obscurely
acuminate, rounded, subtruncate or subcordate (with a wide shallow
sinus) at the base, li-3 in. long, l+li in. broad, chartaceous to coria-
ceous, sparingly hairy below on the midrib when young, otherwise
glabrous; secondary nerves 8-12 on each side, strong, channelled
above, very prominent below, rather spreading, reticulation of veins
close, prominent ; petiole 2 J lin. long, fulvo-tomentose. Cymes dense,
usually gathered in terminal panicles up to almost 3 in. long, densely
rusty-tomentose ; peduncle short; pedicels very short. Calyx 1^-1 J
lin. long ; sepals 5, rotundate, densely rusty tomentose. Corolla white,
sweet-scented, 2J-3 lin. long, slightly widened above the middle,
densely villous between the mouth and the base of the stamens ; lobes
oblong, lJ-2 lin. long, obtuse. Anthers inserted 2-2;| lin. above the
base of the corolla-tube. Ovary densely tomentose. Fruit resembling
a small orange.

Mozamb. 3>lst. German East Africa : Kondeland ; in damp forests and near
water at Ipyaiia, 1800 ft., Stolz, 9i.

Tlrs yields according to tlic collector the caoutchouc of Kondeland.

24. Landolphia Kirkii, Dyer. Add : Busse in Engl. Jahrb.
xxxii. 1G4 ; Dyer in Hook. Ic. PL t. 2755. L. dondeensis, Busse in
Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. (1902) 1G5.

25. Landolphia parvifolia, K. Schum. Add : Busse in Engl.
Jahrb. xxxii. 1G7 ; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 120 ; De
Wild. Not. Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, 41, 42; Hua in R6v. Cult. Colon,
xiv. (1904) G5.

IMCozamb. JDlst. Gcrmaii East Afric a : Kihva ; near Donde-Barikiwa,
Busse, .585 ! in the basin of the Djenye Kivei', Basse, 1251 ; Lindi. nenr Nyai'gao,

ADDENDA. .-,03

Acfa)ns,2; Makoiide Plateau, near Mkoniadatchi, Jiu.s-.ie, 1253; Xyasu Region-
basin of the Luha-arra River, Busse, 1249; Lik.,:i(le Rivir, Bus.se 12oO • Libiu.lxi
River, Busse, 1252.

According to Busse the latex of tlrs species is useless.

2G. Landolphia Thollonii, Dewevre. The rhizomes much
branched and almost matted ; branches up to 7^ hn. in diam. and
about G-8 in. below the surface of the soil. Fruit globo.<-e or sliglitly
attenuated at the base, up to 3 in. long, 2 in. in diam., dirty yellow,
mottled with brown, rind thick ; seeds o-24 in an edible cream-like
pulp, 10-15 lin. long.— Cheval. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vii.
(1901) 42G ; De Wild., Not. Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, i. 40 et seq., 93,
t. i. and Etudes Fl. Bas et Moyen Congo, i. G8 ; De Wild, (t Gentil*,
Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 117, t. xxv., xxvi. ; Hua in Kev. Cult. Colon!
xiv. 05 et seq.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Eastern Kwango and Lualaba-Kasui

districts to 50° S. lat.

Carpodinus (?) chylorrhiza, K. Schum. in Baum, Kunene-
Samh. Exped. 33G. An undershrub about 16 in. high, with creeping
rhizomes, much branched ; branches minutely pubescent when young,
then glabrous, dark brown, with minute lenticels. Leaves lanceolate,
obtuse, acute or slightly rounded at the base, 1-3 in. long, 2i-7.V lin.
long, firmly coriaceous, quite glabrous, with about 15 lateraf nerves,
more prominent above than below. Fruit obovoid, over 1 in. long,
with corky warts, glabrous.

2Ga. Landolphia droogmansiana, De Wild, in De Wild, d- Gentil,
Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 59, t. iii. A liane, up to 100 yards long and
8 in. thick with numerous stout tendrils, glabrous wheft mature.
Leaves oblong, almost rounded at the base, slightly and obtu.sely
acuminate, 4-5 in. long, up to Ih in. broad, coriaceous, glabrous, midrib
channelled above ; lateral nerves 10-15 on each side, subhorizontal, like
the veins very prominent below ; petiole about 4 lin. long. Flowers
unknown. Fruit ovoid to obovoid, brick-red, with a thick coriaceous
rugose transverse ring at the middle and with longitudinal ribs, slightly
depressed at the top, l|-3 in. in diam., on a short stout pedicel ; .seeds
1-30, reddish-brown, Ih Hn. long, 3|^ lin. wide, embedded in an acidu-
lous, edible, greyish pulp.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Kanda-Ivandn, on the River Lusile,
Gentil, 63.

This is, accordinj^ to De Wildeman and Gentil, an excellent rubbi-r vine. The
actual position of this species is somewhat obscure, the flowers not beini,' known.

2G6. Landolphia dubreucqiana, De Wild, in De Wdd. lO Gentil,
Lian. Caoutch. Conyo, 92, tt. 13-14. A liane, 4-5 yards long, up to 10
lin. thick, climbing by means of very slender tendrils or sensitive in-
florescences ; branches slender, spreadingly hirsute, at length
fflabrescent ; bark brown with numerous minute lenticels. Leaves

594 ADDENDA.

oblong to elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, more or less cordate at the
base, 2J-6 in. long, 1 J-3 in. broad, shining and glabrous except the more
or less hirsute (ultimately glabrescent) primary and secondary nerves ;
secondary nerves about 11-12 on each side, connected by bold arches
some distance from the margin, like the veins distinct on both sides,
reticulation close ; petiole 2|— 3^ lin. long. Panicle terminal up to 8 in.
long, bearing the sessile or subsessile flowers in clusters at the end of
spreading or recurved filiform branches, up to over 1 in. long, glabrous
excepting the hispid slender peduncle ; bracts very small. Sepals
lanceolate, acute, Ij-H lin. long, shining, keeled, margins ciliate.
Corolla white excepting the often reddish tube, glabrous outside ; tube
5J lin. long, slightly widened below the insertion of the stamens ; lobes
as long as the tube. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style filiform, several
times longer than the calyx, articulated with the ovary ; stigma oblong-
ovoid. Fruit depressed-globular, yellow suflfused with carmine, 1|— 2 in.
in diam. ; seeds 1—30 in a yellowish-brown, sweetish-sour edible pulp,
about 4 lin. long.

Soutb Central. Coiifjo Free State : Nyangwi", Deivcrrc, 1036a ! Kas.ii, Luja ;
Lubuc, Gentil, 4i.

This is very likely identical with L. lucida var. hispida, Hallier (see ]>. 59).
The latex is worthless.

27. Landolphia Foreti, Jumelle. Add : De Wild. Not. Apocyn.
Laticif. Congo, G8.

28. Landolphia lucida var. hispida, Hall. f. Add : Busse in
Engl. Jahrb. xxxii. 171. Barren specimens collected on the Mpatila
Plateau, Busse, 1100 ; said to yield caoutchouc.

1. Clitandra henriquesiana, A'. ScJmm. Add : De Wild. Not.
Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, 58 ; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo,
135, fig. 10. Landolphia henriquesiana, Hall. f. ; K. Schum. in Baum,
Kunene-Sambesi Exped., 336. The latex yields (according to Mannich
in Baum, I.e.) a kind of gutta percha which is, however, probably
worthless.

6. Clitandra orientalis, K. Schum. Fruit (according to De
Wildeman & Gentil) globose to ellipsoid-globose, 2 to almost 5 in. long,
pale green to orange-yellow with a blueish bloom, rind thick, glabrous,
somewhat tubercled ; seeds up to 40, pulp blood-red, very acid, edible. —
C. arnoldiana, De Wild, in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris, cxxxvi. (1903) 400,
and Not. Apoc. Laticif. Congo, 20 ; De Wild, tt Gentil, Lian. Caoutch.
Congo, 80, tt. 9-10 and fig. 7 on p. 77 ; Chevalier in Rev. Cult. Colon.
XV. 5.

According to De Wildeman and Gentil, tliis is one of the Goramonest rubber
vines of tlie Congo Free State, extending westwards to Homa. The caoutchouc
prepared from the latex is black and said to be of cxcoUent qnality. D.iwe, who
found it in the Dunm Forest, I3uddu, at 4000 ft., also consilers it as one of the best
rubber jilants of Uganda.

ADDENDA. 59;,

Ga. Clitandra Nzunde, JJe Wild, in IJelr/ique Coloniah, 1903,
126 d' in Notes Apoci/n. Laticif. Congo, \. (190:}), l>2. A Jiane, up to
100 yards long and 8 in. in diam. ; stems glabrous, bark dull palo
brown with numerous lenticels. Leaves oblong, cuneate at the base,
acutely acuminate, (acumen about 5 lin. long), ;U-7 in. long, \\-'2}i in!
broad, coriaceous, glabrous, dull; secondary nerves about I'l on^each
side, oblique, connected by submarginal arches, like the veins prominent
on both sides. Panicles axillary and terminal, short, comjiound, dense,
many-flowered, globose, 7i- lin. in diam., puberulous ; peduncle^hort ;
bracts small ; pedicels ^ lin. long, shortly pubescent. Corolla minutely
puberulous without ; tube inflated below, then suddenly contracted at
the level of the calyx tips, inflated again and contracted at the mouth,
about 1^ lin. long, up to J lin. wide ; lobes oblong-linear, as long as the
tube, over i- lin. wide. Anthers inserted at the middle. ^ Ovary
glabrous, ovoid; style short. — De Wild, in De Wild, i^- Cientil, Lian.
Caoutch. Congo, 83.

South Central. Congo Free State : Ul)angi District ; forests soutli of Hanzy-
ville, particularly along water courses.

This is evidently closely allied to C. orientalis, diifering as it seems only in tlic
size of the flowers. It is stated to yield excellent rubber. "Nzunde" is the
vernacular name in the Ubangi District.

la. Clitandra nitida, Stapf. A perfectly glabrous climber, with
very long slender hook-branched terminal or axillary tendrils ; young
branches slightly quadrangular, drying dark chestnut-brown, more or
less glossy, with scattered whitish lenticels. Leaves elliptic to obovat^-
elliptic, abruptly contracted into a rather broad obtuse acumen, .'>.l-l.^
lin. long, rounded at the base, 2^—4 in. long, Ih to over 2 in. broad",
coriaceous, glossy on both sides drying greenish-brown, dark above,
midrib slightly concave above, prominent below ; secondary nerves
about 4 to an inch, with parallel finer tertiary ones between them, very
faintly raised above, very conspicuously connected below by flat arches
near to the thickened margin ; petioles 1~G lin. long. Cymes very
numerous, opposite, glabrous, 6 to more than 12-flowered, without the
corollas about as long as the petioles; bracts ovate to lanceolate,
minute; pedicels IJ lin. long, very slender. Calyx scircely 1 lin. long,
glabrous ; sepals ovate, subacute or obtuse, ciliolate. Corolla glabrous
without; tube slender, subcylindric, slightly widened at the middle,
2 lin. long; lobes linear, subacute, ?) lin. long. Stamens inserted
below the middle ; filaments very short ; anthers lanceolate, con-
spicuously acuminate, | lin. long. Ovary glabrous, ovoid, rather
suddenly contracted into the extremely short style ; stigma sub-
cylindric from a thickened base, much longer than the style. Fruit
{Whyte) globose or depressed globose, ]§--2.\ in. long, covered with pro-
minent warts and nodules all over, light red or yt-llow. Seeds ],'» 20
in a pleasantly acid, pink pulp.

Upper Guinea. Libcri.i : within 20 miles from Kurku Town, h'ht^tr '.
Sinou liasin, Whyte! Greenville, Sim^ 24!

The latex of this spcrirs is col'cctcd for ruhber. C. nitidn is noan-st .ilbrd

O90 ADDENDA.

to C. Barteri and C visciflxia, but is easily recognised by the bold and elegant looser
nervation.

8. Clitandra visciflua, K. Schum. Second or outer marginal
nerve sometimes indistinct or absent. Peduncle rarely minutely
pubescent. Ovary sometimes with a few hairs in the upper part ;
ovules 16-20 in 4 rows in each carpel (not 8 in 2 rows as stated oa
p. G7). Fruit ovoid, about 3 in. long, truncate at the top ; pericarp
smooth, crustaceous (when dry). Seeds numerous, irregularly ovoid or
ellipsoid, angular, 7-8 lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Canieroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 2214 ! 2244a !

Xiower Guinea. Gaboon : Klaine, 1258 ! 3296 !

10. Clitandra cirrhosa, Radlk. Fruit subglobose, suddenly
contracted at the base, truncate at the top, coarsely and densely
verrucose, warts partly confluent, up to 2 in. across. Seeds ellip-
soid, 7-8 lin. 'long, G-7 lin. broad. — Bonnet in Bull. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Par. vii. (1001), 283; Chevalier in Bull Mus. Hist. Nat. Par.
vii. (1901), 420.

Iiower Guinea. Add '. — Gaboon, Klaine, 3079 !

xrortb Central.. French Congo : everywhere along the Giibingui River,
Foureati.

According to Foureau (ex Bonnet, I.e.), this yields gocd caoutchouc.

10«. Clitandra lacourtiana, De IVilcL in Be Wild, d- Gentil,
Lian. Caoutch Congo^ 110, t. 24. A liane, up to 100 yards long, G in.
in diam. ; bark blackish-brown, shining with minute lenticels. Leaves
oblong or obovate, very shortly cuneate at the base, abruptly acuminate
(acumen linear, obtuse), 2^-4|- lin. long, 1 to almost 2 in. broad, midrib
broad, shallowly channelled above, prominent below ; lateral nerves
very numerous, subhorizontal, connected by a wavy submarginal nerve
close to the margin ; petiole slender. Flowers unknown. Fruit
globose or pyriform, smooth or subrugose, If -4 in. in diam. ; rind thick,
hard, yellowish; seeds grey in a whitish pulp, 3-70, about 11 lin. long,
6 lin. broad.

South Central. Congo Free State : Kanda-Kanda, on the Luile River,
Oentil, 64.

There is nothing in the description and plate to distinguish C. lacourtiana from
C. cirrhosa,\\a,(}ik\. The petioles are, in the description, said to be 5-10 lin. long,
but figured as 2|-5^ lin. long. C. lacourtiana is stated to yield little and worthless
rubber.

12a. Clitandra Gentili, De Wild, in Belgique Colon, 1903, 137
and in Notes Apocyn. a Latex Congo, 25. A liane with axillary
tendrils; young branches glabrous, reddish-brown, shining, at length
grey with small pale lenticels. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, abruptly
and obtusely acuminate (acumen 3J-4 lin. long, 1 lin. broad) rounded
or obscurely cordate at the base, 2|-3J in. long, 2-2| in. broad ;
margins wavy ; midrib subconvex above, slightly prominent b-dow ;

ADDENDA. ')07

secondary nerves about lO on each side, horizontal, faint, connected by
submarginal arches; veins scarcely visible; petiole channelled, U-2
lin. long. Panicles short, congested, axillary and pseudo-terminal,
about lO-flowered, loose, shortly pubescent, abou^ 1 lin. long. Sepals
ovate-oblong, f lin. long, keeled, ciliate. Corolla hite, glabrous ; tube
f lin. long; lobes linear, obtuse, 3 lin. long. Anthers exceeding the
corolla-mouth. Ovary ovoid ; style short.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Eastern Kwango ; banks of the Juma
River, Oentil.

The description exactly tits C. Mannii, with the exeei)tiun of the iiiHoresc-cncc
which is described as pubescent in C. Oentili, whilst it is perfectly glabroua in
C. Mannii.

14«. Clitandra membranacea, Stapf. A climbing perfectly
glabrous shrub, with long very slender tendrils ; branches very slender,
terete, green, at length pale brown, lenticels very scattered, inconspicu-
ous. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate" (acumen 4-8
lin. long, subacute or obtuse), minutely cordate at the base, 3-4 in.
long, IJ-lJ in. broad, thin-papery; midrib very slightly convex above,
much more so below ; secondary nerves 7-9 on each side, very slender,
oblique, connected by faint arches, like the loose veins very faintly
raised on both sides; petioles up to li lin. long, rather broad at the
base. Flowers solitary (always ?) in the leaf-axils, subsessile ; bracts
about 6, gradually increasing upwards, ovate, sparingly ciliolate. Calyx
1 lin. long, green ; sepals 5, ovate, obtuse, sparingly and miuutely
ciliolate. Corolla glabrous on both sides, 5 lin. long in bud, greenish ;
tube urceolate-campanulate, shortly exserted from the cjilyx ; lobes
linear, obtuse, 4 lin. long. Stamens inserted below the middle of the
corolla-tube ; filaments very short ; anthers erect, ovate-lanceolate
reaching to the corolla- mouth. Ovary oblong-conic, very minutely
hairy; style extremely short ; stigma conical.

Upper Guinea. Liberia ; Greenville, Sim !

Some barren specimens, collected by Whyte in thfi Sinou Basin, with somewhat
shorter and broader (elliptic) leaves and very line long tendrils, evidently bi'Ionir to
this species.

Irt. Carpodinus eetveldeana, Ue Wild, in l)e Wild. <(• detail,
Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 107, t. xxiii. A strong liane ; stems glabrous,
8-12 in. in diam., bark brown, with numerous white lenticels. Leaves
elliptic, cuneate at the base, acutely acuminate, l)-\'l in. long, \'i to
almost 4 in. broad, glabrous ; midrib channelled above ; secondary
nerves 15 on each side, much raised, connected by submarginal arches ;
veins rather indistinct; petiole G-15 lin. long. Flowers unknown.
Fruit subglobose, truncate at the base, shortly or obscurely apiculato,
3-7 in. long, subsessile ; rind yellowish-red, mottled with brown, thick,
fleshy, smooth ; seeds 4-40 in a yellow pulp, 1 in. long, G lin. broad.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : near the LuUui Kiver, between Lucbo
and Luhiabourg, Geniil, GU.

De Wildenian suggests r. untxiina as the nearest ally
VOL. IV. "

598 ADDENDA.

5. Carpodinus dulcis, Sabine. Add : Chevalier in Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900) 317, 423.

ba. Carpodinus oocarpa, Stapf. A climbing shrub with pseudo-
axillary flagelliform tendrils ; young branchlets softly hairy, (tomentum
consisting of short subadpressed and more or less numerous long rust-
coloured hairs), at length glabrescent, brown with minute lenticels.
Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, distinctly and often abruptly acuminate
(acumen 4-7 lin. long, slender, acute or subacute), minutely but
distinctly cordate, very rarely rounded at the base, 2|-5 in. long, \\-2
in. broad, coriaceous, usually sparingly fulvo-hirsute on the midrib
below otherwise glabrous except when quite young ; midrib narrowly
channelled above, much raised below ; lateral nerves 4-6 on each side,
slightly channelled above, raised below, connected by bold arches rather
distant from the margin ; petiole 1-3 lin. long. Cymes axillary, sessile,
contracted, fulvo-hirsute, few-flowered ; flowers sessile ; bracts about G
with each flower, oblong to lanceolate, the inner adpressed to the calyx, all
fulvo-hirsute, 1| lin. long. Calyx IJ-l^^ lin. long ; sepals 4, ovate,
acute, ciliolate. Corolla-tube slender, 4i lin. long, widened above the
insertions of the stamens, perfectly glabrous without, with a few hairs
in the widened part within ; lobes narrow-lanceolate, as long as the
tuba or slightly longer, twisted. Ovary densely hirsute above the
middle ; style very slender, minutely crispo-puberulous except at the
hirsute base, 4 lin. long. Fruit according to a drawing by Whyte more
or less egg-shajDed oblong or ellipsoid^ obtuse, 2^-4 in. long, lJ-2 in.
across, yellow, rough transversely rugose. Seeds 30-60.

Upper Guinea. Liberia: Monrovia; within 20 miles of Karka Town,
Whyte ! Sinou basin, Whyte, 9 ! 3 ! Greenville, Sim, 7 ! 27 !

Very closely allied to C. dulcis, and only differing from it in the leaves having
cordate bases and fewer more distant nerves, shgl-tly larger flowers and egg-shaped
or ellipsoid, perfectly obtuse fruits.

One of Sim's spocimons, numbered 7, has quite glabrous leaves with rounded
base and almost glabrous brandies. This yields, according to Whyte, good rubber.

6. Carpodinus hirsuta, Ilua. Add : Chevalier in Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900), 423; Arnaud, in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Par. viii. (1902), 70; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 101,
fig. 8, B.

(\a. Carpodinus globulifera, K. Schnm. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii.
31(1. A shrub, climbing with hook-branched tendrils, springing from
the branch-forks ; young branches stout, hirsute or hispid with reddish
spreading hairs. Leaves elliptic to obovate, cuspidate or rounded at
the apex, slightly sinuate at the base, 1|-4J in. long, 1-3 in. broad,
coriaceous, drying blackish-brown above, sparingly hirsute above, soon
glabrescent except the midrib, densely and softly hairy below, midrib very
finely channelled above ; lateral nerves about 6 on each side, rather
spreading, slender ; petiole stout, 21 lin. long, densely hirsute. Flowers
in dense hirsute sessile globose clusters in the leaf-axils ; bracts ovate,

ADDENDA. o*J[)

acute, densely fulvo-hirsute, close to the calyx and pjissing into the
sepals. Calyx Ij lin. long; sepals 5, ovate, acute, densely fulvo-
hirsute. Corolla yellowish, 4 lin. long, clavate in bud, pubescent
without except at the glabrous base; tube 2 lin. long, subpapillose
within above the middle, otherwise glabrous ; lobes broad and obliquely
elliptic. Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla- tube ; filaments
I lin. long ; anthers | lin. long. Ovary ovoid, hispid ; style 1 lin. long,
iinely filiform ; stigma clavate. Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : IJipinde, in forest, Zenker, 2352 !

Very near to C. hirsuta, Hua, differing from it somewhat in the sliape of the
leaves, but particularly in the shape of the sepals and coroHa-lobes.

18. Carpodinus turbinata, Stajjf. Add : De Wild, k Centil,
Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 102, tt. 18-19, figs. 1-3. Common in the
forests of the Congo Free State. The latex is stated to be worthless.

19. Carpodinus ligustr if olia, iS'^ajt;/. Fruit elongate-ovoid from
a truncate base, obtuse, emitting a resinous odour when cut, golden-
yellow when mature, smooth, over -k in. long, 2i- in. across ; seeds 4-4U,
about 10 lin. long, embedded in white pulp. — De Wild, it Gentil, Lian.
Caoutch. Congo, 104, t. 21, figs. 1-4.

Tlie area of tliis species extends, according- to De Wildeman and Gentil, to the
Lualabe-Kasai, Eastern Kwango and Aruwimi Districts.

Var. angusta., De Wild, in De Wild, and Gentil, I.e. 105, t. 22. Fruits more
oblong than in the type, 2-5 in. long, 1^ to almost 2 in. across.

South Central. Congo Free State : on the banks of the Kivcr Lubue, near
Mukanda Monene, Gentil^ 47.

20. Carpodinus gracilis, Stapf. Add : De Wild. Not. Apocyn.
Laticif. Congo, 43 et seq. ; De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo
129. — The latex is (according to De Wildeman and Gentil) useless.

22. Carpodinus lanceolata, A^ Schum. Add: Cheval. in Bull.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900), 317, and in Compt.-Rend. Acad.
Paris, cxxxv. (1902) 512 ; De Wild. Not. Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, i. 39,
56, 94 and Etudes Fl, Bas et Moyen Congo, i. ^'^\ De Wild, k Gentil,
Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 130.

Common in all the plains and in the clearings of the equatorial forests of
eastern part of the Congo Free State and in French Congo.

Dewevre's statement that C. lanceolafa assumes sometimes a climbing habit is,
according to the accounts of more recent travellers and collectors, erroneous. Inves-
tigations made recently by Schlechter and others into the value of the latex have
demonstrated its \vorthles3nes3 for caoutchouc production.

27a. Carpodinus leucantha, K. Schum in Jiaiun, Kunenc-
Samhesi Exjml. 338. A shrub, erect up to U ft. high, or climbing up
to 9 ft.; branches glabrous, slender, reddish-brown, bark peeling o\\.
Leaves ovate or ovate-ol)long, sliortly and obtusely acuniinate, broad-
acute at the base, 1^ tualmoU .lin. Iciig. rj 1 4' in. biuad; hileial nerves

000 ADDENDA,

15 or more on each side, horizontal, more or less prominent; petiole
1J,-2J lin. long. Flowers terminal, solitary; pedicel 2J-5 lin. long;
bracts in 3 pairs, close to the calyx. Sepals oblong- trianular, acute,
scarcely 1 lin. long, minutely ciliate. Corolla funnel-shaped, yellowish-
white ; tube 10 lin. long, thickened at the mouth; lobes narrow, 1-1 J
lin. long. Anthers 1| lin. long, inserted 8 lin. above the base. Fruit
a globose, orange-coloured berry. — De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch.
Congo, 128.

Ziower Guinea. South Angola ; by the Loiiga River, above the Lazingua
River, 4000 ft., Baum, 669 !

Said to yield rubber in small quantities.

29. Carpodinus Gentilii, De Wild. Fruit subglobose to ovoid,
to over G in. long, 5 in. in diam., coarsely rugose ; seeds up to 52 in a
very acid pulp. — De Wild. & Gentil, Lian. Caoutch. Congo, 99, tt. 16,
17 and 19, figs. 4-7.

The area of this species extends over the following districts of the Congo Free
State : Kquateur, Lualabe-Kasai, Eastern Kwango, Aruwimi and Bengala.

2. Carissa Arduina, Lam. Add : Lycium cordatum, Mill. Gard.
Diet. ed. viii., No. 10.

Acokanthera lycioides^ G. Bon, Gen. Syst. iv. 485, is Lycium
cinereum, Thunb.

8, Pleiocarpa flavescens, Stapf.

upper Guinea. Togo : near Lome, Warnecke, 481 !

9. Pleiocarpa tubicina, Sta^)/. Add : Stapf in De Wild. 111. Fl.
Congo, i. 91, t. 46. De Wild. Etudes Fl. Katanga, i. 107.

1. Diplorrhynchus Welwitschii, Bolfe. Add : De Wild.
Notes Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, 33, 34 ; K. Schum. in Baum, Kunene-
Samb. Exped. 338.

Ziower Guinea. South Angola : between Gond Kopje and Kakele, 4000 ft.,
in sandy soil among rocks, Jianm, 178.

2. Diplorrhynchus angolensis, Biitlner. Add: De Wild. Not.
Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, 3,'i, ;M.

4. Diplorrhynchus mossambicensis, 7>V;«?A. Add: Dc Wild.
Eludes Fl. Katanga, i. 101. D. Wthvitschii, K. Schum. in Baum,
Kunene-Samb. Exp. 338, non Benth.

9a. Hunteria Ballayi, Ihia in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. viii.
(1902), 281. A perfectly glabrous shrub. Leaves elliptic, obtusely
acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, 3-7| in. long, 1 to almost 3 in.
broad, shining, many-nerved. Cymes few-flowered, subsessile, axillary
or pseudo-terminal, sometimes from the old wood. Calyx up to ^ ^i^*

ADDENDA. {',{)]

long ; sepals 5, broad, rotundate. Corolla perfectly glabrous without ;
tube cylindric, slightly constricted at the middle and the mouth, :', lin.
long; lobes ovate, 1^ lin. long. Stamens inserted 2 lin. above tlie
base of the corolla-tube ; filaments sparingly hairy at the base ; anthers
ovate, acute. Ovary glabrous, acute ; carpels 2-ovuled.
Ziower Guinea. Gaboon, Bulla tj.

This is undoubtedly a species of Fleiocarpu, evidently very close to P. bicar-
pellata.

2. Rauwolfia caffra, bonder. Add : De Wild. Etudes Fl.
Katanga, i. 102.

12. Rauwolfia Cumminsii, Stajyf. Cymes 3-7 -flowered ;
peduncle 2 in. long. Calyx 1-| lin. long. Corolla-tube 4 A lin. long,
cylindric, constricted at the mouth and in the uppermost J, viUous within
just below the mouth, sparingly hairy below the stamens for a short
distance ; lobes broad-ovate, obtuse, J lin. long. Disc tubular, enclosing
the free carpels to or beyond the middle. Style glabrous.

Upper Guinea. Liberia ; without precise locality, Whijfe !

A curious state of this species was collected by ^Vh}'te in Liberia, within 20
miles of Karka Town. It has an appearance ratlier different from that of tl)e other
specimens of R, Cumminsii, owing to the more abundant development of inriorcs-
cences and the reduction of the foliage. The fruits are mostly solitary meiicarps
and convex on both sides, although much more so on one side than on the oilier.
The young flowers of the specimen agree, as far as they go, exactly with those of
R. Cumminsii.

Vda. Rauwolfia liberiensis, Stapf. A perfectly glabrous shrub ;
young branches terete or the youngesc slightly angular. Leaves in
whorls of usually 4, lanceolate or oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, long
attenuate at the base, o-6 in. long, |-H in. broad, thinly membranous ;
secondary nerves 9-12 on each side, much spreading, curved ; veins
quite obscure; petioles o-6 lin. long. Flowers pedicelled in a-7-
Howered umbelliform cymes ; cymes gathered in a o-rayed umbel ;
peduncle slender, up to 1 J in. long ; rays 5-10 lin. long, more or less
unequal ; pedicels very slender, up to 2 lin. long. Calyx h lin. long ;
segments ovate, acute. Corolla-tube 2-2}i lin. long, villous near the
mouth, pubescent below the stamens within ; lobes subrotuudate, obtu^^e,
scarcely h lin. long. Carpels free surrounded by a truncate disc to the
ndddle. " Style glabrous. Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Liberia; Sinou Hasin, Whyle !

Very similar to i2, momlasiana, but less robust, with sliorter peticle-, fc\M-r
secondary nerves, less compound inflorescences and sb-htly smaller flowers,

14. Rauwolfia vomitoria, Afz. Add : De Wild. Ktudes Fl. Bas
et Moyen Congo, i. 70.

Upper Guinea. Liberia : interior of Monrovia, J/Vvy/r/ Crcenville, Stm, 51
South Central. ('oi.p> Free Slate: Lcndu, linta;i< ^111.. 6V//,Y. 21IG2) ;

Hangala, JJeiiitKuc.

(502 ADDENDA.

18. Rauwolfia obscura, K. Schum. Add: De Wild. Etudes
FJ. Bas et Moyeii Congo, i. CD.

Iiower Guinea. LowtT C()ii<j() ; l)c't\vccu I)ou)bo and Kismitu, Gillel, 1583 ;
near Kinnicnza, GUIet, 77G, 1G52, IGGlb.

1. Allamanda cathartica, Linn. Add: De Wild. Etudes Fl.
Bas et Moyen Congo, i. G7.

JmO-wbt Guinea. Lower Congo : Lcopoldvillc to Moinbazi, Gillet, 2590.
1. Lochnera rosea, lleichb. Add :
Upper Guinea. Add : Liberia : near Monrovia, WJiyie !

1. Alstonia congensis, Engl. Add: A. scholaris, Clieval. in
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900), 423.

4. Callichilia subsessilis, Sta])/. Add under :

Upper Guinea. Libeiia : within 20 miles of Karka Town, Whyte !

\a. Callichilia stenosepala, Stajrf. A glabrous shrub ; branches
slender, terete, pale green when young, at length whitish. Leaves
lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, acutely acuminate (acumen slender),
gradually attenuated or acuminate below and mostly suddenly con-
tracted at the very base, o-7 in. long, 1-2-J in. broad, membranous or
papery ; secondary nerves 8-12 on each side ; petiole very short or 0.
Inflorescences at first umbelliform, then lengthening out and racemi-
form with 2-3 flowers out at a time ; peduncle slender, 2-3 in. long ;
bracts ovate, acute or acuminate, lJ-2 lin.long; pedicels 4-5 lin. long.
Calyx 4-7 lin. long; sepals narrow, lanceolate, acuminate, with very
numerous subulate glands at the base within. Corolla white ; tube
slender, constricted at the middle, about IJ in. long; lobes obliquely
obovate, half as long as the tube. Stamens inserted at the middle of
the corolla-tube ; anthers about 2 lin. long. Disc shallow, wide, entire.
Style 7-8 lin. long. Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Liberia : Grant's Farm, near the Sincu River, Whyte !

Allied to C stihsessUis, Stapf, but easily distinguished by the very narrow
sepals.

3. Carvalhoa petiolata, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii. 317.
The description of this species agrees exactly with that of C. macrophylla.
It was described from specimens collected by Scheffler near Derema in
XJsambara (No. 219).

5. Gabunia glandulosa, Slayf. Add :

Upper Guinea. Liberia : near Monrovia, Whyte ! Sinou basin, Whyte, 6 !

7a. Gabunia Gentilii, De Wild, in Belg. Colon., 1902, 508 and
Eludes FL Bas et Moi/en Congo, \. 08. A tree, 00-90 ft. high ; stem up to
2 ft. in diam. Leaves bruud-ovate, obtuse, cunealu at the ba.se, up to

ADDENDA. (J(j3

10 in. long and 10 in. broad, glabrous ; lateral nerves 1 1-IG (on each
side ?), slightly prominent below, connected by arches at some distance
from the margin; petiole about 7i lin. long. Cymes terminal, rather
many-flowered; bracts ovate, acute; pedicels slender, 3i-G lin. lon^^
Calyx 2|-3|- lin. long; sepals ovate-oblong, broad, obtuse, glabrous.
Corolla pure white, strong scented ; tube 8 in. long or slightly longer,
twisted, widened (to 5 lin.) above the calyx, then slender, glabr'^us
within and without; lobes linear, up to Ij in. long, 8-:;.^ lin. wide.
Anthers 5 lin. long. Fruit globose, C-8 in. in diam. ; seeds
numerous, embedded in pulp.

Z.ower Guinea. Lower Congo : near LeopoUlvillc, Gillet, 2528.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State ; Lubuc River, Oentil.

This is, no doubt, a Conopharyngia, and possibly identical with C. Smithii,
Stapf.

J . Conopharyngia longiflora, Stapf. Add :

Upper Guinea. Liberia : Sinou Basin, Greenville, Sim, G ! 18 ! 2G !

7. Conopharyngia crassa, aS'^;?/. Add:

Upper Guinea. Liberia : Sinou Basin, Whyte, 19 !

17. Conopharyngia (?) penduliflora, Stapf. Add: De Wild.
Etudes Fl. Bas et Moyen Congo, i. G8.

XiOiver Guinea. Congo Free State: Kanda-Kand;i, (Jculil, loH.

1. Voacanga obtusa, K. Schurn. Add : Ue Wild. Eudes Fl.
Bas et Moyen Congo, i. 69.

7. Voacanga africana, Sta2jf De. Wild, {in Etudes Fl.
Katanga, i. 102) refers a plant collected by Verdick near Lukafu in
Katanga, Congo Free State, to this species.

lOa. Voacanga caudiflora, Stapf. A perfectly glabrous shrub;
branches slender, at length pallid. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, gradually
and acutely long acuminate, long attenuate at the base, 8-9 in.
long, 2-3 in. broad, papery; secondary nerves very oblique, gently
curved, 9-11 on each side; petiole slender, G-8 lin. long. Inflores-
cences from the youngest branch-forks, about 5-flowered, umbelliform ;
peduncle slender, about 4 in. long, more or less nodding ; bracts navi-
cular, obliquely oblong in profile, acute, up to 7 lin. long, deciduous ;
pedicels slender, up to 9 lin. long. Calyx tubular, about S lin. long,
2-2-i lin. wide, with a transverse zone of scattered small glands some-
what above the base within ; lobes broad-ovate to elliptic, obtu.se or
rarely subacute, 2 lin. long. Corolla-tube abruptly constricted ju.st
above the middle, gradually and slightly widening from the constriction
towards the base, cylindric above it, 9! lin. long, securely twisUt»l,
pubescent on the filamental ridges, otherwise glabrous within : limb
rotate; lobes linear, subiauminatc or ubtu.se, up to iS li«i. long, 1 lin.

G04 ADDENDA.

broad (when expanded), more or less folded and curved. Stamens
inserted above the middle ; anthers over 2J lin. long, quite included,
tails moderately long. Disc annular, shorter than the carpels. Fruit
unknown.

Upper Guinea. Liberia: within 20 miles of Ksirka Town, Whijte !
A very distinct species with tail-like corolla-lobes, allied to 7^. psilocalyx.

18. Voacanga bracteata, var. lanceolata, Stapf. Add :

Upper Guinea : Liberia, Sinou basin, Whyte ! Sim, 34 !

1. Holarrhena febrifuga, Klotzsch. Add: De Wild. Etudes
Fl. Katanga, i. 101.

5. Holarrhena Wulfsbergii, Stajrf. Add : De Wild. Etudes
Fl. Bas et Moyen Congo, i. 68.

South Central. Congo Free State : Djuma Valley, Gillef, 2758 ; Gentil.

De Wildeman (I.e.) states that Laurent's plant, mentioned by me (p. 164) in a
note under H. africana, is H. Wulfshergii, adding, however, that he has no
authentic specimens of this.

3a. Pleioceras Whytei, Stapf. A perfectly glabrous shrub;
young branches drying chestnut-brown, sparingly dotted with lenticels.
Leaves broad-ovate to elliptic, rather abruptly and obtusely acuminate,
rounded at the base, up to ?> in. long and 2 in. broad, thin ; secondary
nerves about 7 on each side ; petiole up to o lin. long. Panicle more
or less trichotomous, corymbiform, many-flowered, 2-4 in. in diam. ;
primary branches undivided for 1-1 J in.; peduncle 1-1 J in. long;
bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, the intermediate up to 1 lin.
long ; pedicels slender, up to G lin. long, slender. Calyx 1 lin. long ;
sepals broad -ovate, rounded, quite glabrous, with the exception of the
ciliolate margins; intracalycular glands rather conspicuous, ovate,
alternating with the sepals. Corolla glabrous except at the pubescent
mouth ; tube 2 J lin. long ; lobes elliptic-oblong, obtuse, o-3| lin. long ;
episepalous scales replaced by a pair of minute tomentose tubercles ;
epipetalous scales thin, narrowly linear, bifid, ciliate below; a pair
of long filiform appendages on each side of each stamen, one entire, the
other more or less divided. Anthers over 1 lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Liberia : near the River Sinou, Whyte !

4. Pleioceras Gilletii, Stajyf. The leaves attain 5 in. by 2 in.
according to De Wildeman, and the petioles up to 5 lin. — De Wild.
Etudes Fl. Bas et Sloyen Congo, i. 70.

South Central. Congo Free State : Djuma Vallej', Gillet, 2812 ; Gentil.

1. Strophanthus gratus, Franch. This is always a liane, some-
times climbing into the highest trees. — Uilg in Engl. Monogr. Atr. PH.

ADDENDA. (10 5

vii.l7, fig. 1 on p. 18; t. 0, fig. A, and t. 10, fig. 0; Gilg, Thorns cV:
Schedel, Strophanthus Frage, Bot. 1-19, t. 1.

Upper Guinea. Liberia : wiLliiu 20 miles of Karkii Town, Whyte ! Mon-
rovia, Krause.

Xiower Guinea. Gaboon : islands of the 0;?o\vc, near Linibarcni, Buchholz ;
Sibange Farm, Soi/aux, 458; Libreville, Klaine, 210 !

2. Strophanthus Tholloni, Franch. Follicles about 1 ft. long,
up to 1 in. thick (closed), spindle-shaped, long rostrate, glabrous,
blackish-brown, woody, covered with numerous lenticels. Seeds
narrowly lanceolate, elongate, much attenuated at both ends, 10-12
lin. long, 1 lin. (or slightly more) broad, sparingly and very minutely
hairy, hairs yellow; awn 7-10 lin. long, naked for 2.V-3i lin., hairs up
to 1 lin. long.— Gilg in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 8, U),t.''l), fig. B, t. 10,
P. S. 2ner)'eamcs,'De Wild. Etudes Fl. Katanga, i. 1()2, t. 30, figs. 10-1 G.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : by a waterfall near Krilie, Preuss ; Ebca
Cataracts, BlnJclage, 355, 888 ; near Mimfi;i and by the LokunJje River, Zenker,
2300 ! ; near Bopiiidihof, Zenker, 2422! and without precisa locality, Busen, 88.

Iiower Guinea. Gaboon : Ogowe River, Chalot, 18.

2a. Strophanthus gardeniiflonis, Gilg in Engl. 3fo7iogr. Afr.
Pfl. vii. 20. A rambling shrub ; branches glabrous, brown-green,
slender. Leaves oblong, usually somewhat oblique, shortly, broa<lly
and acutely acuminate, cuneate at the base, 4-5 in. long, li-l§ i"-
broad, sub-chartaceous ; secondary nerves 5-7 on each side, slightly
raised; veins inconspicuous; petiole 3-1: lin. long. Cymes 3-1-
flowered, terminal ; peduncle up to 4 lin. long ; bracts lanceolate,
acuminate or acute, scarious, 2J-3 lin. long; pedicels 2^-4 lin. long.
Calyx 5-G lin. long ; sepals oblong, rounded at the apex, thin. Corolla
large; tube funnel-shaped, IJ in. long, cylindric for about 5 lin. ; lobes
1^ in. long, G-7 lin. broad at the base, long and finely acuminate;
throat-scales linear, setaceously attenuate, 7-8J lin. long, densely
covered with long white hairs. Anthers 8 J -9 lin. long, passing into
a long setaceously acuminate awn. Ovary glabrous. — *S'. Thollonii,
De Wild. Etudes Fl. Katanga, i. 102, non Franch.

South Central. Congo Free State : Katanga, neav Lakafu, Verdick,
235, 236.

The natives of Katanga prepare, according to Verdick, an arrow poison fmm
the seeds of this species.

3. Strophanthus Ledienii, Stein. Add ; Gilg in Engl. Monogi-.
Afr. Pfl. vii. 34.

4. Strophanthus holosericeus, K. Sc/unn. <(• Gilg. Add : Gilg
in Engl Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 39, t. 1, fig. A.

5. Strophanthus Emini, Asch. ((• Pax. Add: Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 30, t. 10. fig. B.

Mozamb. Dlst. (Add)— German East Africa: Victoria Nyan/a. l^tschcr ,-

(iOd ADDENDA.

Kilimatinde, Trotha, 212! Ugago; near Nsassa, Btisse, 211 ! Usapu-a, near KidcU-,
Busse, 211 ; Ussangu, in the nortliern Kinga Mountains, 4300 ft., Goetze, 1016.

6. Strophanthus Nicholsoni, Holmes. Add : Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 30, t. 1, B, a-c ; t. 10, fig. A.

7. Strophanthus Kombe, Oliv. Add : Gilg in Engl. Monogr.
Afr. Pfl. vii. 3G, t. 3, fig. A, a-e, t. 10, fig. E.

Mozamb. I>lst. (Add) — German East Africa : Rufiji Steppe, near the Pangani
Cataracts, Goetze, 89. British Central Africa : near Boruma, Menyharth, 1068.

8. Strophanthus hispidus, A. P. DC. Add: Gilg in Engl.
Jalub. xxxii. 155 and in Tropenpfl. vi. (1902) 55G, 5G0 ; and in Engl.
Mon. Afr. Pfl. vii. 35, t. 2 and 10, fig. D.

Upper Guinea. (Add) — Togo : near Eadja, Warnecke, 133 ; near Noeppe,
Zech ; Aka Valley, hctween Kuiuago and Agomhe Tonghe, ^awmawn, 229; Kete
Kratschi, Zech, 220, 221, 222 ; Sokodc-Basari ; near Kahurc and near Bagn,
Kerating, Konkoniba, Thierry.

Iiower Guinea. Lower Congo : Kisantu, Gillet, 83 ; Mayombe, Cobra.

Gilg now considers 8. ihierryanus merely as a form of ^S". hispidus.

9. Strophanthus buUenianus, Mast. Add : Gilg in Engl. Mon.
Afr. PH. vii. 88, t. 3, fig. G.

Gilg retains S. Sehlechieri as a distinct species (I.e., t. 3, B). The figure given
by Gilg confirms my opinion that S. Sehlechieri is identical with S. hulleniayms. It
rejtresents a bi-anchlet with fiower buds ready to open out. At this stage the
corolla-tails have not yet attained their full length, a?.d, if compared with those of
fiowers of S. hiillenianus of the same age, do not show any marked difference.
It is true S. Schlecltieri has more hairy sepals than Soyaux's plant (No. 55), but this
is an exception, the indumentum of the other specimens quoted by me under
S. fjulleniantis being of the same character as shown in Gilg's figure of S. Sehlechieri.

10. Strophanthus gracilis, K. Schum. Add : Gilg in Engl. Mon.
Afr. Pfl. vii. 23, t. 4, fig. B. 'S. Klainei, De Wild. Etudes Fl. Katanga, i.
lOG, t. 29, figs. 10-15.

Upper Guinea. (Add) — Camcroons : Ekundu Ndene, Dxisen, 333,
ZiOwer Guinea. (Add) — Gaboon, Klaine, 1124, 1125, 2375.

11. Strophanthus Preussii, Engl, db Pax. Add: De Wild. &
Dur. PI. Thonner. Congo!. 32. S. hracteatus, Franch. in Journ. de
Bot. vii. r>24 (see below).

upper Guinea. (Add) — Camcroons: near Victoria, Fretiss, lll-i, 1328;
Earombi (Jorge, Freuss, 116.

ZiOwer Guinea. (Add) — Gaboon, Klaine, 199G.

The folliiles collected by Mann in Fernando Po in ISCO referr-cd to by me in a
note to S. Freussii do not belong to this species, as Gilg who had an o])portnnity of
examining seeds of this si)ecics has jiolnted cut. A desciiption of the follicles and
seeds will be found under S. Iracieahis. Franch., which Gilg, after an examination
of an authentic specimen, declares to be ident'ca! with S. Preussii.

ADDENDA. (JQJ

12. Strophanthus Barteri, Franch. Add: Gilc^ in Enc^l
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 25, t. 10, fig. G. o d •

13. Strophanthus bracteatus, Franch. = S, Preussii, Kn<jl ,(-
Pax, to which the references and localities quoted on p. 17« nny he
transferred.

14. Strophanthus erythroleucus, Gilrj. Add: Cilg in Encr]
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 27, t. 0, fig. B, a-c. °

15. Strophanthus parviflorus, Franch. Add: Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 2S. S. Dewevrei, Gilg, I.e. 25, t. 5, fig. A.

S. Dewevrei is i-etiiined by Gilcr as a distinct species mainly on acoount of ilu-
length of the corolla-tails, which he suys are 1 in. long in S. parvijlunts, hut 2 in.
in S. Dewevrei ; hut they are actually 2 in. long in Welwitsch's specimen, tue type
of Franehet's species.

10. Strophanthus arnoldianus, J)e WiUL li- ]),ir. Corolla
yellow with brown spots inside. — Gilg in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 20,
t. 5, flg. C, a-f, t. 10, fig. H.

17. Strophanthus wildemanianus, Gilg. Add: Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 20, t. 5, fig. B. a-b.

18. Strophanthus sarmentosus, A. P. DC. Add : Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 20, t. 10, fig, K. .S". laurifolins, A.P.DC. in Bull.
Soc. Phil. Paris iii. 123; Desf. and A.P.DC. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, i. 411 (according to Gilg who saw DeCandolle's type specimen).
S. ogovensis Franch. (See below.)

Upper Guinea. (AdJ) — Togo : near Badja, WarnecJce, 47G ; Sokode-IJasare,
Kersting, 2, 671; Lagos, Mill en, 36, 121-, 175; Cameroons : Yaunilc, Zenker,
505a ; Zenker and Standi, 142.

Wile Iiand. Uganda: Kionsozi Forest, at Mawokoto, 4200 ft., Dawc, 20!
Entchhe, 4000 ft., Mahon !

Iiower Guinea. (Add)— Lower Congo : Bolama, CarralJio, 20").

19. S. Ogovensis, Franch. = S. sarmentosus, to which the refer-
ences and locality quoted may be transferred.

20. S. verrucosus, Stajjf. Add : S. f/raudi/loms, Gilg in En.<:l.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 2S (in part), t. 7, t. 10, fig. J.

Gilg retains the name ,S'. grandijlurits for this sjjeeies :is he coiisi»hTs tlie
Delagoa plant (-S. peiersianus, var. grandijlorus, N.K.Hr.) identical with tlie
S. sarmentosus, xav. verrucosus^ Pax, (i.e., S- rerrurosus, .Stnpf). Hi- siiggt.-<tH that
in separating the two species I may liave relied mainly on the differeiie»-s in the
calyx. That is the case. Tlie sepals of Monteiro's Delagoa Hay speeiiucn are
lanceolate, li-2| lin. hroad at the middle, and acute, not suhuhite-aeuminute as in
rerrucosns. This character he considers too inconstant, a conehis'on which i» not
•ugge.*ted hy the material 1 have seen. There is. however, prohnhly anothcj

nOft ADDENDA.

character to consider. Gilg figures and describes the follicles of his ,S'. grandi-
fiorus as perfectly smooth. Now, Mrs. Monteii'O says in her book '* Delagoa Bay,'*
164, that there are two species of Slrophanthns in Delagoa Bay. The follicles of
one arc much sonf]:ht for, so that " they disappear most mysteriously when ripe, those
of another species hein^^ left unnoticed," and in a letter to Sir W. T. Thiselton-Dyer
she nh?ervcs that the latter species had rather smaller and rougher follicles. She
actually sent two kinds of follicles to Kew, one very rough with numerous lenticels,
the other smooth, like that figured by Gilg on Plate vii. of his monograph. She
further suggests that the plant raised at Kew and figured in Bot. Mag. t. 7390 (the
real basis of IS- pelersianus var. grandijlorus) was the one with the rough follicles.
Under those circumstances I consider it more expedient— quite apart from the
(jnestion of priority — to use the name *S'. verrucosus instead of the ambiguous
S. grandiflonis.

21. Strophanthus petersianus, KMzsch. Add: Gilg in Engl.

Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 3;-i, t. 8, fig. A.

Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : near Boruma, Menyharth, 501 .

22. Strophanthus CoiVTnonti, Sad. Add : K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrb. xxxiii. 320 ; Gilg in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 22, t. 10, fig.
N. Numerous additional localities in German East Africa are quoted
by Gilg, ranging from the Tana River to Lake Nyasa.

23. Strophanthus ecaudatus, Rolfe. Add : S. Wehciischii^
Gilg in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 21, t. 8, fig. B, a-k and t. 10, fig.
M. S. parvifolius, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii.
182. ;S'. GiUetii, De.Wild. Etudes Fl. Katanga, i. 105, t. 31, figs. 1-
12. >S'. Verdickii, De Wild. I.e. 103 (inch var latisepalus), t. 32, figs.
1-12.

Iiower Guinea. (Add) — Lower Congo: Kimucnza, Gillet, 2129; Angola:
Anchiefa, 61 ; HuHla, Antunes, 143a, 282, 327.

Soutlx Central. Congo Free State : Katanga; near Luknfu, Verdick, 84,
146.

24. Strophanthus Schuchardti, Pax. Add :_ Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 40, t. 1, fig. C, b-e; t. 10, fig. C. "

Isovrer Guinea. (Add) — Iluiila, Antunes, 92, 353.

25. Strophanthus Demeusei^ Bev-h-re. Add : Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 32 with fig.

26. Strophanthus intermedins. Pax. Add : Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 31 with fig.

27. S. congoensis, Fravcli. Add : Gilg in Engl. Monogr. Afr.
Pfl. vii. 'd'l.

28. S. amboensis, Emjl. & Pax. Add : Gilg in Engl. Monogr.
Afr. Pfl. vii. :^j;;, t. 10, fig. L.'

Iiower Guinea. (Add)— Angola : Huil'a, Antunes, 286.

ADDENDA. {]()*)

iM). Strophanthus asper, Olir. Gi\<i; (in l<;ngl. Monogr. AtV.
Pfl. vii. :)9) considers this as identical witli ,s'. Xidiolsonii.

00. Strophanthus minor, Christy, inh^ (in Engl. 31onogr. Afr.
Pfl. vii. 41), suggests that this may be S. /JarO'rl or a species closely
allied to it.

31. Strophanthus mirabilis, G'il>j. Add: Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 27, t. (I, fig. A, a-d.

wile Xiand. (Add)— Somalilaiul : Meioliaii, liohfcchi- Bricrhetti, 81fi.

32. Strophanthus sp., lleckel (S. (VAutmu). Add : Gilg in
Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 41.

33. Strophanthus sp.. Fax {Kurzfrilchtirjer Strophanthus). Gilg
in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 30, suggests S. sarraentosus for this.

34. Strophanthus sp,, Pax {Senegal Strojyhanthiis). Add : Gilg
in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 42. This is very probably not a
Stropha7ithus.

35. Strophanthus sp., llelhing (White Strophanthus). Referred
to S. Nicholsonii by Gilg in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl. vii. 31).

2. Isonema Smeathmannii, Roem. lii- Schult.

Upper Guinea. (Add) — Liberia : witliiu 20 niiUs of Karka Town, Doitli Df
Monrovia, Whi/te ! (JranL's Farm, liy tlie 8iiioe River, ir/>//te .'

1. Funtuinia africana, /y^rt/)/*. Add: Jxick.'ia africana, Hua in
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. viii. (1002), 07.

Upper Guinea. (Add) — Liberia; Sinou basin, Whyfe ' -^iniji] Dalionuy ;
Aja Ouere, Le Testu.

2. Funtumia elastica, Stapf. Add : ])e Wild, in Kev. Cult.
Colon, xii. (1!)03), 193 et' seq. and Not. Apocyn. Laticif. Congo, 7-^, 01 ;
Ceuleneer in Bull. Soc. Etude. Colon, xi. (1''04), (I et seq. Kickxia
elastica, Cheval. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vii. (r.)Ol), 42G.

3. Funtumia latifolia, Stapf.

Wile Ziand. (Add) — Uganda : forest noor Entebbe, 3900 ft., Mnhon !

1. Malouetia Heudelotii, ADC. Add: De Wild. Etudes Fl.
Bas et Moyen Congo, i. G8.

liower Guinea. Lower Congo : Knvirons of Leojioldville, Gillet.

South Central. Congo Free State: Djunia ^'alley, Gillet, 2784; Kwanpi
District; Inzia, Gent il, 40; Waniba, Gentil,\08.

Malhouetia sp., De Wild. Notes Apccyn. Laticif. Con?o. 11. V.-ry similar
to M. Heudelotii, but leaves up to 7h in. long and 3 in. broad ; corolla-tubo 7 liu.
long; lobes 4-7 lin. long ; anthers 2'lin. long; seeds l^-^H lin. long. 2 lin. broad.
It is said to have been found by Gillet aud Gentil in the Kwaniro region and ntnr

610 ADDENDA.

Leo])oldville and also to occur in the Frencli Congo. I suppose it is the same plant
which De Wildeman called M. Heudelotii in Etudes Fl. Bas et Moyen Congo, i, 68,
although he does not refer there to the Malonetia sp. of his Notes Apocyn. Laticif.
Congo. If 1 am right, the Lower Congo plant can hardly be M. Heudelotii.

2a. Alafia Whytei, ^Stapf. Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves
elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, rather abruptly and subobtusely
acuminate, acute at the base, 4-8 in. long, 2 to over 3 in. broad, papery,
dull, glabrous with the exception of the very sparingly pubescent under-
side of the midrib ; midrib deeply channelled above, prominent below ;
secondary nerves 6-8, oblique, connected by very bold arches 4-6 lin.
from the margin, raised like the very loosely anastomosing veins ;
petiole 2-3 lin. long. Cymes many-flowered, collected in a very shortly
peduncled or almost sessile congested corymb, 1-2 in. in diam., very
delicately pubescent ; bracts broad ovate, obtuse, small ; pedicels about
1 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin. long, very delicately pubescent ; sepals ovate,
obtuse, 2 or 3 of them with a gland at the base within. Corolla white
(?), drying black, delicately velvety without ; tube up to 5 lin. long,
densely hairy below the stamens within ; lobes suborbicular, 3 lin. in
diam., hairy at the base. Anthers not reaching the corolla-mouth, 2 J
lin. long. Carpels delicately pubescent.

Upper Guinea. Liberia : Sinou Basin, Whyte !

A very marked species with large leaves, subsessile corymbs and large flowers.

3. Alafia landolphioides, K. Schum. Add : Cheval. in Bull.
Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900), 423. A. scandens, De Wild., Notes
Apocyn. Laticif. Congo 15 (in foot-note).

Upper Guinea. (Add.) Togo : Lome, WarnecJce. 110 ! 3331 !

6a. Alafia parciflora, Stapf. Whole plant glabrous. Branches
very slender, terete, drying dark brown ; lenticels scattered, incon-
spicuous. Leaves oblong to elliptic-oblong, acuminate Cacumen narrow
subacute or obtuse, up to 6 lin. long), i-arely subobtuse, acute or
shortly acuminate at the base, 2J-4 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, papery,
dark green above, pale below ; secondary nerves about 7 on each side,
very slender, slightly raised below ; veins anastomosing very loosely ;
petioles 2-4 lin. long. Flowers in at first umbelliform, then racemi-
form few-flowered cymes, usually 1 or 2 out at a time; peduncle slender,
very short ; bracts very small and broad with narrow scarious margins ;
pedicels up to 1 lin. long. Calyx glabrous, 1 lin. long; sepals ovate,
obtuse with a small narrow gland at the base within. Corolla-limb
yellow (?) with a red pubescent centre ; tube red in the upper part,
slender, about 5 lin. long, hairy within just below the stamens, other-
wise glabrous ; lobes lanceolate-oblong, subacute, 3 J lin. long. Staminal-
cone 1 J lin. long, reaching to 1 J lin. below the corolla-mouth. Carpels
glabrous with the exception of the whitish-puberulous tips.

Upper Guinea. Liberia : Greenville, Sim^ 25 !

The flowers and inflorescences are similar to those of A. Benthamii, but the
foliage is totally different.

ADDENDA. 611

21. Alafia orientalis, K. Schum. Add: De Wild. Notes
Apocyn. Latic. Congo, 15. De Wildeman describes the corolla-tube as
3-4|^ lin. long and the lobes as 3-4 lin. long.

1. Holalafia multiflora, -S'%;/. De Wildeman (Notes Apocyn.
Latic. Congo, 16) retains Alafia major, Stapf, in Alafia, and says that
its carpels are free and its corolla has a tube 2 lin. and lobes 4-5 lin.
long. There must be some confusion. My drawings made in 1H90
from Dewevre, 673, show the ovary perfectly syncarpous, and the
drawing made from the whole plant has the corolla-tube 4-5 lin. long.

2. Baissea erythrosticta, K. Schum. Add: K. Schum. in
Engl. Jahrb. xxxiii. 319.

4. Baissea Wulfshorstii, Schinz. Add: K. Schum. in Baum,
Kunene-Samb. Exped. 338.

5. Baissea multiflora, A. DC. Add : Cheval. in Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (190U), 423.

8. Baissea angolensis, Stapf. De Wildeman (Notes Apoc.
Laticif. Congo, 12 congolensis, by error) suggests that his Guerkea con-
golana, referred to by me under Baissea angolensis is more probably
identical with Baissea laxiflora. From the additional characters, he
mentions I.e., it appears that he may be right.

10. Baissea axillaris, Hua. Follicles subcylindric, obtuse,
connate at the very base, spreading at right angles to each other, slightly
curved outwards, 8-9 in. long, 2i-3 lin. in diam., covered with brown
woolly pubescence ; placenta at length detached. Seeds linear, obtuse
7J-9 lin. long, truncate at the apex with a reddish plume up to \\ in.
long, flat or channelled on the ventral side, brown, smooth. Embryo
straight, radicle cylindric, cotyledons very narrow, acute ; albumen
fleshy, copious.— Hua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. viii. (19U2), 479.
(See Guerkea schumanniana, De Wild. & Durand, below.)

14. Baissea odorata, K. Schum.
TTpper Guinea. (Add) — Liberia : Greenville, Sim, 32 !

18. Baissea tenuiloba, Stapf Ad ] : De Wild. Notes Apoc.
Laticif. Congo, 13.

23. Guerkea schumanniana, De Wild, d- Durand. Baissea
axillaris, Hica. Hua, in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. viii. (1902) 479.
has shown that these two plants are identical. The reference's and
localities under G. schumanniana on p. 217 may therefore Ik* trans-
ferred to B. axillaris.

1. Oncinotis glandulosa, Stapf The intracalycular glands do
not seem to be always distinct or constant. Follicles subcylindric from

612 ADDENDA.

an attenuated base, obtuse, 11 in. long, | in. in diam. Seed-plumes
slightly greyish, about 1 J in. long.

Upper Guinea. (Add)— Cameioons : Bipiiule, Zenker, 2424 ! 2607a ! 2538 !
2208 ! distributed as O. nitida, Benth.

2. Oncinotis nitida, Benih.

Upper Guinea. (Add)— Togo : near Lome, Warnecke, 45a !

6a. Oncinotis thyrsiflora^ K. Schum. MS. Young branches
finely rusty-pubescent, compressed at the tips, soon terete. Leaves
oblong to lanceolate-oblong, attenuated into a long acute acumen (up to
almost 1 in. long), shortly acute or obtuse at the base, 2J-5 in. long, 1
to almost 2 in, broad, thinly papery, very sparingly and minutely
pubescent below on the nerves or quite glabrous ; secondary nerves
5-6 on each side, but particularly below ; reticulation very loose ; petiole
pubescent, slender, 2-3 lin. long. Panicle subterminal, ovoid, about
1 in. long (without the peduncle), rusty-pubescent ; peduncle slender,
much compressed, about 1 in. long ; bracts minute ; pedicels 1 lin. long.
Calyx I lin. long ; sepals broad ovate, subobtuse, thin, delicately and
sparingly pubescent, eglandular. Corolla-tube slightly wider above the
middle, Ij lin. long, finely tomentose outside ; throat-scales rotundate-
ovate, J lin. long ; lobes oblong, obtuse, slightly longer than the tube.
Anthers 1;^ lin. long. Carpels delicately velvety.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 2588 !

Allied to O. gracilis, but the indumentum is much more delicate and scanty,
the nervation bolder, the acumen longer, the petiole shorter, sepals and corolla-lobes
and throat-scales broader.

7. Oncinotis gracilis, Stapf.

Upper Guinea. (Add) — Gold Coast*: Acropong, J'o/iwsow, 902 !

Oncinotis chlorogena, K. Schum., which is fully described by K. Schumann in
Engl. Jahrb. xxxiii. 320, appears from the description to be identical with 0
gracilis.

8. Oncinotis hirta, Oliv. Add : De Wild. Notes Apocyn.
Laticif. Congo, 7.

Iiower Guinea. (Add) — Lower Congo : Kisantu, Qillet.
Gillet states that the latex of this species yields caoutchouc if treated with the
acid juice of an Amomum called " Minkenie" by the natives.

10. Oncinotis subsessilis, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii.
321. A climbing shrub ; branches very slender, terete, or compressed
when young, rusty-tomentose, tardily glabrescent. Leaves linear-
oblong, shortly and acutely acuminate, rounded or subcordate at the
base, 1-| to almost 4 in. long, ^ to over 1 in. broad, glabrous above,
puberulous below, particularly on the nerves ; secondary nerves 5-6,
like the veins prominent below. Panicles trichotomous, dark rusty-
tomentose all over, shortly peduncled, bracteate ; bracts oblong-

ADDENDA. 618

lanceolate. Calyx 1 lin. long; sepals lanceolate. Corolla G lin. long,
funnel-shaped; tube '2 lin. long; lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
tomentose outside. Anthers 1 lin. long.

Upper Guinea. Lagos: Yoruba; near Ishagamo, Schlechter, 13310.

This is evidently a Baissea, probably allied to B. tenuiloha.

1. Motandra guineensis, A. DC. Add: Motandra 5;?., Hua in
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. viii. (1002), 480. This contains a very full
description of the fruit and seed.

3. Motandra Lujaei, De Wild, t Dur. Add : De Wild. Notes
Apoc. Laticif. Congo, 17.

4. Motandra rostrata, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii. ;'»18.
A shrub ; branches slender, flattened when young and minutely rusty-
tomentose, then terete and brown. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or
narrowly linear-oblong, rostrate-acuminate, 1 to almost 4 in. long, 5-15
lin. broad, membranous, glabrous above, bearded in the nerve-axils
below ; secondary nerves about 5-7 on each side, distinctly prominent
below ; petioles 2 lin. long. Panicles terminal, about 1 in. long,
powdery-subtomentose ; pedicels 1 lin. long. Calyx 1 lin. long ; sepals
ovate, powdery subtomentose. Corolla 2 lin. long ; tube 1 lin. long ;
lobes linear, subfalcate. Anthers 1| lin. long with a plumose point.

Upper Guinea. Lagos : near Isbagamo, Schlechter^ 12312.
Certainly very near to M, giiineensis^ if not identical with it,

4a. Motandra Erlangeri, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii.
818. A shrub or small tree, up to 12 ft. high; branches slender,
terete, flattened and rusty papillose when young, later pale brown.
Leaves obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, cuneate at the base, 3-4^ in.
long, 1-2 in. broad, glabrous above, minutely bearded in the nerve-axils
below, lateral nerves about 5 on each side, like the venation prominent
below; petiole 2^-4 lin. long. Racemes or panicles axillary up to Ij
in. long, minutely tomentose, shortly peduncled ; pedicels | lin. long.
Calyx \\ lin. long, sepals triangular-lanceolate. Corolla greenish, 5^
lin. long, papillose without, villous behind the anthers within ; lobes
4 lin. long, linear-obtuse, ciliolate. Anthers U lin. long, reaching the
corolla-mouth.

wile Xiand. Somaliland : near Lake Awala, Ellenbeck^ 1710.

I suspect this is not a Motandra but rather an Oncinotis.

46. Motandra viridiflora, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii.
319. A tall climbing shrub; branches very long, slender, terete,
perfectly glabrous also when quite young, at length greenish-grey,
smooth. Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, shortly and obtusely
acuminate, acute at the base, 2-3^ in. long, ^.-1 Jin. broad, glabrous on
both sides except in the minutely bearded nerve-axils ; secondary nerves
about 6 on each side, distinct below ; petiole 1 i-2J lin. long. Flowering
branchlets terminal and from the axils of the uppermost le^ives, gathered

614 ADDENDA.

in a panicle 2-4 in. long, very minutely hairy ; pedicels up to f lin.
long. Calyx scarcely J lin. long ; sepals ovate, acute. Corolla greenish,
1 J lin. long, glabrous without ; lobes J lin. long.

XUXozaml). I>lst. German East Africa: TJsambara; in forest near Nguelo,
Scheffler, 28.

I suspect tlKit this, like M. 'Erlangeri^ is not a true Motandra, but a species of
Oncinotis.

5. Adenium Honghel, A. DC. Add: Cheval. in Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Par. vi. (1900), 304.

1. Pachjrpodium Lealii, Welw. Add: K. Schum. in Baum,
Kunene-Samb. Exped. 339.

8. Cryptolepis producta, N. E. Br. Add: C. Baumii, Schlechter
in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 340.

9. Cryptolepis Baumii, iV. E. Br. Add : C. scandens, Schlechter
in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 340.

11. Cryptolepis Welwitschii, Iliern. To this species should
probably be referred Ectadioj)sis scandens, De Wild. Etudes Fl.
Katanga, i. 108 ; collected in the Congo Free State at Lukafu, Verdicky
341.

4, Tacazzea rosmarinifolia, N. E. Br. Add : T. salicina,
Schlechter in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 339.

2. Raphionacme linearis, K. Schum. Add : Raphiacme linearis,
Schlechter in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 340.

3. Raphionacme splendens, /S'c^ZecAier. Add: Raphiacme splen-
dens, and R. macrociemon, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiii. 322.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Mtowa, on Lake Tanganyika, Bescamps.

4. Glossonema Revoili, Franch. Strike out the reference
K. Schum. in Ann. Istit. Bot. Boma, vii. 36 and the locality Dolo
(which belong to G. Rivce, below), and add K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb.
xxxiii. 322.

IVile Iiand. Somaliland : near Artu, Ellenbeck^ 318.

6. Glossoneiaa.'RiYa&if K.^Schum. in E7igl. Jahrb. xxxiii. 323.
Plant lG-20 in. high, branched ; young branches flattened, tomentose.
Leaves petiolate, oblong or elliptic, obtuse, acute at the base, puberulous
on both sides ; petiole up to 10 lin. long. Flowers few together, in
axillary fascicles, pedicellate. Sepals 2-2^ lin. long, subulate, puberu-
lous. Corolla 2 J lin. long, subcampanulate ; lobes ovate, obtuse,
yellow. Coronal-lobes filiform, not dilated at the base, erect, flexible.
Staminal-column 1 lin. long. — G. Reroili, K. Schum. in. Ann. Istit.
Bot. Rom. vii. 36, not of Franchet.

Nile Iiand. Somaliland : by the River Daua, near Dolo, 2iiva, 1129.

ADDENDA.. 615

7. Glossonema Erlangeri, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxii.

322. A perennial herb, about 1 ft. high. Stem branching, puberulous,
flattened at the younger parts. Leaves linear-oblong or linear-lanceo-
late, acute or obtuse, mucronulate, acute at the base, puberulous on
both sides; petiole 4 lin. long; blade 7-17 lin. long, -i-7 lin. broad.
Flowers 2-3 in a fascicle. Pedicels 2 J lin. long. Sepals \\ lin. long,
subulate, puberulous. Corolla 2 lin. long ; lobes acuminate, white,
striped with brown. Coronal-lobes \\ lin. long, erect, filiform, dilated
at the base. Style-apex pyramidal.

STile Itand. Somaliland : near Hensa, JEUenleck, 195 ; stony slopes of the
Fulla Valley, Mlenheck.

2. Calotropis busseana, K. Schimi. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii.

323. Plant about 2J ft. high. Stem stout, tomentose on the young
parts. Leaves 4-5J in. long, 2-3J in. broad, linear-oblong or elliptic,
obtuse or retuse. apiculate, truncate at the base, thinly pilose on both
sides, echinulate-scabrous on the margins, transversely veined ; petiole
up to 5 lin. long. Umbels lateral at the nodes, about 5-flowered.
Peduncles up to 4 in. long, subtomentose. Pedicels about 1 \ in. long,
subtomentose. Sepals 4J lin. long, subulate. Corolla rotate, greenish-
violet, about 7 J lin. long (i.e., lobes probably about \ in. long). Coronal-
lobes arising ^ line above the base of the staminal-column, ^^ lin. long,
deeply bifid with a spreading incurved spur. Staminal-column 1 j lin.
long. Follicles subglobose-inflated.

Mozamb. Bist. Gei-man East Africa : Usambara ; on the way up from
Luengera Valley to Sakarre, 2500 ft, Basse, 34;1.

1. Xysmalobium decipiens, X. E. Br. Add: X. Iloluhyi.
Schlechter in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 340.

10a. Xysmalobium leucotrichum, X. E. Br. Stem '^ ft. or
more high, 3| lin. thick at the base, simple, thinly puberulous. Leaves
spreading; petiole :)J-5 lin. long ; blade 4J-6} in. long and up to J in.
broad, lanceolate-oblong or linear-oblong, usually acuminate, auricul.ate-
cordate at the base, scabrous on both sides. Umbels lateral, peduncu-
late, several-flowered. Peduncle 1^-2 in. long, suberect, puberulous
Pedicels J in. long. Sepals 3 lin. long, J lin. broad, lineiir-lanceolate,
acute, densely puberulous. Corolla campanulate, greenish ; lobes 4 lin.
long, nearly li lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, glabrous on the back, densely
bearded with white silky hairs on the upper half of the inner face.
Coronal-lobes shorter than the staminal-column, erect or suberect,
fleshy, 3-lobed, with a slightly thickened keel on the inner face, the
obtuse middle lobe overtopping the very obtuse lateral lobes. Anther-
appendages subquadrate-rounded, very obtuse, indexed on the style-
apex. — Ascleinas leucotricha, Schlechter in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped.
342.

Iiower Guinea. Angrola : hy the River Kwebe, 3700 ft., Baum, 332.

This is closely allied to A', (fispar, N. E. Br., atul may in-ovo to bo identical with
that species. 1 have not seen it.

616

ADDENDA.

14. Xysmalobium andongense, Hiern. Add: Asdepias tri-
corniculata, Sclilechter in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. ^43.

o. Asclepias glaucophylla, ScMechter. In the description of
the follicles, strike out the sentence after the word " obtuse " and sub-
stitute : — with about G narrow, toothed wings, some of the upper teeth
produced into compressed linear obtuse processes 2-4 lin. long.

12(», Asclepias macropetala, .V. /;. Br. Stem stout, up to
3 ft. high, subtomentose on the upper part. Leaves oblong, acute at
both ends, densely puberulous beneath; petiole up to 4 J lin. long;
blade 2j-5^- in. long, 1-1^ in. broad. Inflorescence paniculate (corym-
bose) 4 in. in diam. Umbels pedunculate, many-flowered. Peduncles
1^ lin. long. Pedicels '2 in. long, puberulous. Sepals 4-4 J lin. long,
subulate, puberulous. Corolla-lobes | in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute,
thinly puberulous, reddish-brown. Coronal-lobes 7 lin, long, arising at
the base of the 3^- lin. long staminal-column and much overtopping it,
lanceolate, obtuse, undulate at the upper part, with a pair of teeth at
the middle. — ^iathmosielma macrojMalum, Schlechter & K. Schum. in
Engl. Jahrb. xxxiii. 325.

XVIozamb. Dist. German Kast Africa: Kilimanjaro region; near Xdala,
Trotha, 179.

\la. Asclepias Ksessueri, X. E. Br. in Journ. Bot. 1903, 362.
Stems erect, branching, white-woolly on the young parts, becoming
glabrous below. Leaves ascending-spreading; petiole ^-\ in. long,
woolly when young; blade 3|-6| in. long, \-h in. broad, linear-lanceo-
late, tapering to a very acute point, more or less acute at the base, with
flat or narrowly revolute margins, glabrous on both sides or with a very
minute scattered pubescence above and thinly woolly on the midrib
beneath. Umbels several, racemose, 4-G-flowered, ascending. Peduncles
and pedicels equal, |-li in. long, woolly. Sepals 2-|-3^ lin. long, 1 lin.
broad at the base, thence tapering to a very acute point, woolly,
reflexed. Corolla lobed almost to the base, reflexed, apparently whitish
or yellowish ; lobes 4^-5 lin. long, 2i-2J lin. broad, ovate, obtusely
pointed, shortly ciliate on one margin, otherwise quite glabrous.
Coronal-lobes arising |-| lin. up the staminal-column and reaching to
the same level, l|-2 lin. long and about as broad, cuneately suborbi-
cular in side view, much compressed, divided for only ^ of the distance
from the inner to the dorsal margin, with a falcate denticulate tooth
from the side, apical angles recurving within a groove along the top of
the lobe about J lin. deep, which has a keel or crest along the bottom
of it ; each side of the lobe (in the dried state) has a ridge correspond-
ing to the depth to which it is divided, and is narrowly winged at the
base and inner margins. Staminal-column '2\-2^ lin. long; anther-
appendages transverse, \ lin. long, | lin. broad, very obtusely rounded.
Style-apex depressed -truncate. Young follicles solitary, globose, very

ADDENDA. (.17

densely covered with long spreading intermingled hair-like pul>e>cvnt
processes, greenish-yellow.

Iflle Iiand. Britisli East Africa : Kiu, Knessner, GGtl

Allied to A. piihiseta,'^. E. Br., but differinj^ in its broader loaves, coronal-
lobes, and the much more slender tortuous (not straight) i)roces3i.'S on the fruit.

19. Asclepias rostrata, X. E. Br. Add : A. fruiicusa, Sclil.'(lit..'r
in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. o42, not of Linn.

23«. Asclepias Buchwaldii, X. E.Br. Stem about 1(1 in. high,
slender, | iin. thick at the base, minutely pub^ulous above, scaberu-
lous at the base. Leaves subsessile, 2-2 J in. long, 4^-7 lin. broad,
linear-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base, glabrous on both side.s,
scabrous along the revolute margin. Raceme decussate, ttTuiinal, lax.
Pedicels 4^-9 lin. long, minutely puberulous. Sepals 2 lin. long,
oblong-triangular, miiiutely puberulous. Corolla ^ lin. long, very
deeply divided. Coronal-lobes ?> lin. long, arising about 1 lin. above
the fcase of the 2 lin. long staminal -column, lanceolate, obtuse, concave
on the inner face. — Gomphocarpus Bicchivaklii, Schlechter &, K. Schum.
in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiii. o24.

IMCozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usambara ; near Mombo, BuchwahL
37.=).

43a. Asclepias Baumii, Schlechter in Baum, Kunene-Samb.
Exped. 341. Stem about 10 in. high, simple, slender, puberulous along
2 lines. Leaves 2-3 J in. long, erect or erectly-spreading, very narrowly
linear, acute, narrowed at the base into a very short petiole, glabrous.
Umbels few-flowered. Peduncles long, slender, erect, slightly
puberulous. Pedicels 4^-7 lin. long, slightly puberulous. Sepjvls2lin.
long, lanceolate, acute, p*uberulous. Corolla slightly reflexed, aJ, Jin. in
diam., rosy; lobes 2| lin. long, nearly 1^ lin. broad, oblong, obtuse,
sparsely puberulous on the back towards the apex, glabrous on the
inner face. Coronal-lobes conspicuously longer than the staminal -
column, 2^ lin. long, erectly-spreading, in dorsal view ligulate, thickened,
obtuse, marked with a dark longitudinal stripe, the lower part on each
side with an oblique triangular incurved tooth. Anther-appendages
rounded, very obtuse, incurved on the style-apex.

I.ower Guinea. Angola : Araboella ; by the River Longa. Baum, tJ'JOa.

4fia. Asclepias stolzianus, X. E. Br. Stem up to 10 in. higlu
simple, slender, puberulous along 1 line. Leaves sessde, 2 in. long, 1 ,.
lin. broad, linear, acuminate, cuneate at the base, with recurved
margins, glabrous. Umbels terminal, solitary, or 2 to a stem, peduncu-
late,' about 8-flowered. Peduncle Ij in. long. Pedicels j in. long,
minutely tomentose. Sepals \\-\}, lin. long, subulate. Corolla 4^ Im.
long, greenish-white, puberulous outside; lobes oblong-lanceoi.-jte.
Coronal-lobes arising above the base of the staminal-column. 1^ lin_
long, truncate, with a rather large linear tooth in front (at the apex of
the inflexed sides?), and a small triangular apical tooth, no tootl.

VOL. IV.

618 ADDENDA.

within, — Gomphooarpus stolzianus, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiii.
324.

Mozamb. Slst. German East Africa : Nyasa region ; on the steppe at
Isoyana, 1700 ft., Stolz, 26.

Iba. Schizoglossuin macroglossum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb,
xxxiii. 324. Stem erect. Leaves sessile, 3-3J in. long, 2-3 lin. broad,
narrowly linear-lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, narrowed to the base,
glabrous on both sides. Umbels lateral at the nodes, few-flowered.
Pedicels 7 lin. long. Sepals \\ lin. long, subulate, glabrous. Corolla-
lobes about 5- lin. long, oblong, obtuse. Coronal-lobes arising \ lin.
above the base of the staminal-column and overtopping it, ovate,
acuminate, rounded at the base, glabrous. Staminal-column If lin.
long.

Itovrev Guinea. Lower Congo : near Stanley Pool, Demeuse.

25«. Schizoglossum debeersianum, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh.
xxxiii. 323. Stem somewhat compressed-tetragonous, subvillous.
Leaves lanceolate, acute, cordate at the base, subvillous on both sides ;
petiole up to 1 J lin. long ; blade 2^-2^ in. long, 1-1 J in. broad.
Umbels pedunculate, 3-flowered. Peduncles | in. long, subtomentose.
Pedicels 8 lin. long, subtomentose. Sepals 4 J lin. long, lanceolate,
puberulous. Corolla reddish-brown ; lobes about J in. long, oblong,
acute, pilose on the back. Coronal -lobes arising 2 lin. above the base
of the staminal-column and much overtopping it, 4J-5 lin. long,
petaloid, subspathulate, serrate. Staminal-column 4 lin. long.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Buluba, in the region of Marungu, De
JBeers.

5. Margaretta Cornetii, Dewevre. Add : coronal-lobes 2|-3^
lin. broad. — De Wild. Etudes Fl. Katanga i. 108 ; Lukafu, Verdick, 2S^.
Also add :

Var. pallida, De Wild., Etudes Fl. Katanga, i. 108. Leaves 2^-4 in. long,
1^ in. or more broad ("3,5-13 cm." broad ex De Wild., but tbis must be an error),
lanceolate, acute, rounded or subcordate at the base, scabrous on both sides. Sepals
4 lin. long. Corolla-lobes about ^ in. long. Coronal-lobes blue (Verdick), but pallid
in the dried state, 10 lin. long, and not more than 3 lin. broad, wavy on the
margins, glabrous. Follicles about 4 in. long. Seeds 2i lin. long, 2 lin. broad,
ovate, Hat, rugose, marginate.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Katanga region ; Lukafu, Verdick, 133.

No mention is made of any teeth upon the claw of the coronal-lobes.

13. Cynanchum somaliense, JV. E. Br. Add : C. trifurcatum,
Schlechter in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 448.

2a. Tylophora plagiopetala, Schlechter k K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrh. xxxiii. 330. Stem slender, twining, glabrous-. Leaves mem-
branous; petiole 4J-7 lin. long; blade lJ-4 in. long, |-2J in. broad,
oblong or ovate-oblong, shortly and very acutely acuminate, subcordate
at the minutely glandular base. Inflorescence from one axil only.

1

ADDENDA. 019

loosely paniculate, up to 4 in. long, with a filiform and often curled
rhachis. Pedicels 2J-7 lin. long ; sepals i lin. long, oblong-ovate,
acute, very shortly ciliolate. Corolla 4-4J lin. in diam., greenish with
violet veins, very much twisted when in bud; lobes very obliquely
subelliptic, ciliolate at the apex. Staminal-column A lin. long. Coronal-
lobes tuberculate.

Upper Guinea. Cameroons : IJipinde, Zenker, 1820; Katanga, Dinklage,
911 ; banks of the River Lobe, Binklage, 1237.

8a. Tylophora dahomensis, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii.

329. Stem twining, slender, puberulous. Leaves spreading ; petiole
3J-6 lin. long; blade J-l| in. long, 4-13 lin. broad, elliptic, apiculate
or very shortly cuspidate, rounded or acute at the base, thinly pubescent
on both sides, with 2 glands at the base; panicles (cymes?) axillary,
several-flowered, lax; peduncle 1J-2J in. long, slender; pedicels J in.
long; sepals | lin. long, lanceolate, with a few hairs near the base;
corolla rotate, lobed nearly to the base, brownish-red ; lobes H lin.
long, lanceolate, glabrous ; coronal-lobes subulate, very much thickened
at the base; style-apex depressed; follicles 3J-4j in. long, slender,
pisiform.

Upper Guinea : Dahomey, Neivton. Togo: near Lome, Warnecke, 190.

2. Sphserocodon melananthus, X. E. Br. Add : Gi/nniemu
melananthum, K. Schum. ex Schlechter in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped.
344.

3a. Marsdenia stelostigma, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii.

330. Shrubby, with slender flowering branches, subtomentose on the
young parts, becoming glabrous. Leaves spreading; petiole 2J-5 lin.
long; blade 5-19 lin. long, 3J-12 lin. broad, ovate or ovate-oblong,
acute, rounded or subcordate at the base, minutely pilose above, sub-
tomentose beneath. Flowers in sessile or pedunculate fascicles in one
or both axils of a pair of leaves, at length elongat/ing into racemes.
Peduncle 0 to 5 lin. long. Pedicels up to \\ lin. long. Sepals U lin.
long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, subtomentose. Corolla '2\ lin. long,
campanulate, deeply lobed, yellowish-white ; lobes oblong, obtuse, white-
villous to the middle on the inner face. Coronal lobes \ lin. long,
oblong-lanceolate, acute. Staminal-column \ lin. long ; anther-appen-
dages elongated. Style-apex produced into a slender process J lin. long,
shortly 2-armed at the top.

Nile ILand. Somaliland : Tano Gumbi in W)n\\\\i\\\i\, EUenieck, 20S0.

2. Pergnlaria adeuophylla, Schlechter li- K. Schum. in Engl.
Jahrh. xxxiii. 331. Stem or branches slender, twining, minuWly
puberulous on the young parts. Leaves herbaceous; petiole J-1 in.
long ; blade 1^-2 J in, long, 7-10 lin. broad, oblong-ovate, acute, rounded
or subcordate at "the base, glabrous, shining. Panicles (cymes 0 ^' '"•
long, with congested subumbellate flowers. Pedicels J in. long. Sepals

620 ADDENDA.

I lin. long, oblong-ovate, very minutely pilose. Corolla-tube 1^- lin.
long ; lobes 2 lin. long, villous on the inner face, but more densely near
the base. Coronal-lobes arising 1^ lin. up the 2 J lin. long staminal-
column, |-1 lin. long, ligulate, oblong, acute. Style-apex produced
about 1 lin. long beyond the coronal-lobes into a 2-lobed beak.
Upper Guinea. Camcroons : Batanga, DinMage, 726.

2. Fockea Schinzii, N.E.Br. To the synonymy of this species
should probably be referred F. muUiJiora, 'De Wild. Etudes Fl.
Katanga, i. 110.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State: near Lukufu, Verdick^VIY, 190 and 225.

17a. Ceropegia gemmifera, K. Schiom. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii.
328. Stem twining, branching, somewhat fleshy, with short thick
branchlets \-\\ in. long, having 1-4 internodes, glabrous. Leaves few,
fleshy; petiole 2-3 J lin. long; blade lJ-1^ in. long, 3-8 lin. broad,
ovate, acute, or shortly acuminate, broadly cuneate at the base,
glabrous, ciliate with a few hairs. Peduncles lateral at the nodes, up
to T) lin. long, bearing 1 or 2 flowers. Pedicels 2^ lin. long. Sepals 2
lin. long, narrowly linear. Corolla-tube 13 lin. long, scarcely inflated at
the base, dilated above the middlq, green, spotted with purple-brown,
hairy inside below the middle ; lobes deltoid, replicate, connate at the
tips, emerald-green, with a black spot at the . middle and a yellowish-
white spot below it with some long blackish (dark purple ?) scattered
hairs. Outer coronal-lobes \\ lin. long, clavate, erect, red, brown at
the base and yellowish-white at the tips. — K. Schum. Monatsschr. flir
Kakt. xiii. 79.

Upper Guinea. Togo : near Lome, Warnecke, 242.

Kemarkable for its short thick axillary branchlets which probably fall and
reproduce the plant.

22a. Ceropegia Verdickii, De Wild. Etudes Fl. Katanga,\, 109.
Stem twining, pubescent. Leaves spreading ; petiole about 8 in. (" 20
cm.") long; blade up to If in. long and 1 in. broad, oblong-cordate,
acuminate, sometimes slightly 3-lobed, pubescent on both sides, with
prominent veins beneath. Cymes lateral, subsessile, or with a thick
peduncle up to IJ lin. long, 3-11-flowered. Bracts linear, pubescent.
Pedicels 3J-4 lin. long. Sepals lJ-2 lin. long, linear, pubescent.
Corolla about 9^ lin. long ; tube inflated and about If lin. in diam. at
the base, ^ lin. in diam. at the middle enlarging to 2^ lin. at the mouth,
glabrous outside ; lobes about 2 lin. long, pubescent with spreading
hairs, purple. Corona J lin. long, otherwise undescribed.

South Central. Congo Free State : Lukafu, Verdick, 389.

I

29a. Ceropegia Bonafouxii, F. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii.
327. Stem twining, slender, subtomentose, with scattered longer
hairs. Leaves herbaceous; petiole 4-5 lin. long ; blade 1^-1 J in. long,

ADDENDA {',]>l

7-9 lin. broad, oblong or elliptic, acute at both ends, puberulous on
both sides but more densely so beneath. Flowers in pairs. Pedicels .')
lin. long, subtomentose. Sepals 2 lin. long, subulate, minutely pilose.
Corolla-tube about 11 lin. long, subconical in the lower part, which is
longitudinally striate, 2-banded, minutely pilose, tapering cylindric
above the middle, dotted, dilated at the mouth ; lobes short, 2i lin.
long, suborbicular, with reflexed margins, connate at the tips. Follicles
4 in. long, slender, terete.

Xiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla, An f tines, 42, Dekuull, 42.

:-51a. Ceropegia Cllenbeckii, K. Scham. in Kiujl. Jahrb. xxxiii.
327. Stem twining, slender, subtomentose on the young parts. Leaves
sprea4ing; petiole up to 5 lin. long; blade 1-1 J in. long, 4.^-1; lin.
broad, lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at the base, pubescent on both
sides, but more densely so beneath. ^ Umbels subaxillary, pedunculate,
about 5-flowered. Pedicels and the IJ lin. long narrowly subuhite
sepals puberulous. Corolla probably brown with yellow tips ; tube I
in. long, subglobose-inflated and glabrous at the base, puberulous
above ; lobes 4 J lin. long, deltoid-ovate, acuminate, auriculate at the
base, puberulous on both sides. Outer coronal-lobes 1-| lin. long, bifid
at the apex. Inner coronal-lobes 1^ lin. long, filiform.

Wile Iiand. Somaliland : Gara Mulata, in Harar, 8000 ft., EUenbeck, .583.

83a. Ceropegia subaphylla, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiii.
329. A dwarf branching herb, with slender twining glabrous
branches. Leaves reduced to lanceolate-subulate fleshy scales ?)-A\ lin.
long. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicels 4-5 lin. long, bearing
2 linear bracts. Sepals 8^ lin. long, linear, acuminate, reddish, dotted
with dark brown. Corolla-tube IJ in. long, moderately inflated at the
base, puberulous outside ; lobes | in. long, narrowly spathulate from a
deltoid base, connate at the tips, white-villous near the hix&e on tlie
inner face. Outer coronal-lobes \\ lin. long, divided into 2 linear
segments, which cohere at their tips and are ciliate. Inner coronal-
lobes 2i^ lin. long, filiform.

Nile Iiand. Somaliland : near Dadah, 'EUenhech, 190.

826. Ceropegia Botrys, K. Schum. in Enyl. Jahrh. xxxiii. 'i'l^.
Stems decumbent, slightly branching, slender, glabrous. Leaves
reduced to lanceolate-subulate scales. L^mbcls shortly pedunculate,
few-flowered, arranged in an elongated panicle about 4 in. long.
Pedicels 2J lin. long. Sepals 2 lin. long, subulate, glabrous. Corolla-
tube jin. long, glabrous; lobes 7 lin. long, narrowly spathulate, deltoid
at the base, with a few scattered haii-s. Outer coronal-lobes 1 lin.
long, deeply bifid. Inner coronal-lobes \\ lin. long, filiform.

17ile ]Land. Somaliland: near Dadah, ^//fniecA-, 190a.

40a. Ceropegia angustiloba, De Wild. Etudes Fl. KaUiiuja, i.
109. Stem twining, glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate ; blade lJ-2
in. long, 4J-7 lin. broad, elliptic-lanceolate, cuneate at both ends, api-

622 ADDENDA.

culate, glabrous on both sides, shortly ciliate. Cymes lateral at the
nodes, shortly pedunculate. Bracts subulate, glabrous. Pedicels about
2 J lin. long. Sepals about 1 J lin. long, subulate, often recurved at the
tips. Corolla-tube 7 lin. long, narrow, slightly inflated at the base,
slightly dilated at the mouth ; lobes (H lin. long, about J lin. broad,
connate at the tips, becoming free with age, glabrous. Inner coronal-
lobes elongated, about 2 lin. long, much exceeding the staminal-column,
otherwise undescribed.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Lukafu, Verdick, 367.

The liberation of the coronal-lobes with age is, so far as I am aware, unique in
the genus, and may have been caused by pressure in the process of drying.

43a. Ceropegia Kerstingii, K. Schum. in Engl. Jahrh. xxxiii.
32G. Stem solitary from a thickened rhizome, erect, 6-8 in. high,
simple, minutely pilose at the apex, yellowish-brown. Leaves sessile,
about 1 in. long, J lin. broad, linear-filiform, minutely pilose on the
margin. Flowers solitary or in pairs on each stem. Pedicels 1—2 in.
long. Sepals 2 J lin. long, subulate. Corolla 4J in. long ; lurid purple
with a white mouth spotted with brown ; tube ellipsoid, inflated at the
base, dilated at the mouth ; lobes as long as the tube, narrowly linear
from a triangular base, connate at the apex. Follicles elongated linear-
terete, acuminate, narrowed at the base.

Upper Guinea. Togo : near Aledyo in the Lokode-Basari district, 2500 ft.,
Ker sting, 307.

Remarkable for its very large flowers and long pedicels.

1. Echidnopsis cereiformis, Hook f. Add: E. tessellata, Y^-
Schum. Monatssch. fiir Kakt. xiii. 109.

3a. Caralluma tombiictuensis, N^ E. Br. Stems 1^-21 ft. high,
erect, branching, 4-angled ; upper branches short and spreadiog, pale
green, glaucous ; angles wing -like, irregularly crenate, with spreading
or deflexed teeth at the crenatures 7-14 lin. apart. Flowers in compact
balls as large as an orange. Pedicels 5-7 lin. long. Sepals 1 J lin. long,
lanceolate, acute. Corolla funnel-shaped-rotate, G-7 lin. in diam.,
blackish-purple, smooth outside, rugose-papillate on the inner face,
ciliate with vibratile purple hairs 1 lin. long. Outer coronal-lobes
spreading, deeply divided into 2 subulate segments, which diverge and
curve towards the segments of the adjacent lobes ; inner coronal-lobes
short, linear from a deltoid convex base, inflexed upon the backs of the
anthers and not exceeding them. Follicles 4-4| in. long, linear-fusi-
form, acuminate or beaked. — Boucerosia tombuctuensis, A. Chev. in Actes
Congr. Intern. Bot. Paris, 1900, 271 & 261, t. 11.

XTortli Central. Timbuctu and vicinity. Chevalier.

5a. Huemia concinua, N". E. Br. Transfer to the synonymy of
this species the references ^^ H.macrocarpa, Schweinfurth. ex K. Schu-
mann, Monatzschr, fur Kakteenkunde, 1894, iv. 155, with fig. ; Engl,
and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 279, fig. 84, F, and 280," which were
wrongly entered under H. Penzigii, N.E.Br.

ADDENDA. G23

11a. Mostuea Gilletii, De Wild. Etudes FL Basel Moyen CoiKfo,
i. 174. A tree. Branches slender, densely velvety with yellows hiiirs
turning rusty brown. Leaves oval-oblong, apiculate, cuneate at the
base, 9-20 lin. long, 5-9 lin. wide, velvety on both surfaces, ciliate,
paler beneath. Cymes terminal or terminating lateral branches, t-.\-
flowered; pedicels 1 lin. long, accrescent. Calyx H lin. long, velvetv ;
lobes very acute, wide at the base, 1 lin. long. Corolla about 4 lin.
long ; tube enlarged at the throat; lobes rounded, about 1 lin. in diam.
Stamens equal. Fruit reniform, velvety, seated on the persistent Gilyx,
which is 5 lin. in diam. and with lobes 6 lin. long.

Iio-wer Guinea. Lower Congo : Valley of the Djuma, Oentil Gillet 2')14
2928. ' ' '

19«. Mostuea taymansiana, De Wild. Etitdes FL Has et Moifen
Congo, i. 174. A shrub about 20 in. high. Young branchlets densely
velvety with spreading hairs. Leaves oval-oblong, 9-18 in. long, ;'>-!)
in. wide, abruptly apiculate, cuneate at the base, with long scattered
adpressed hairs on the upper surface and on the nerves beneatli, ciliate
on the margins, lower surface paler than the upper; petiole 1-2;^, lin.
long. Flowers 2-3 at the ends of sliort branciilets, white, yellow at
the base of the corolla-tube ; pedicels short. Calyx-lobes ."*, linear-
setaceous, free almost to the base, 2 lin. long, with spreading hairs on
the back and margins. Corolla tubular, funnel-shaped above, 4:^ lin.
long ; lobes oval, rounded, about 1 lin. long. Stamens equal, reaching
to the corolla- throat. Style shorter than the stamens. Capsule obreni-
form, about 5 lin. in diam., furnished with a border 2 lin, wide at the
top and 2J lin. wide on the lobes, with numerous straight spreading
hairs.

Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Bena-Dibele, Ltija, 252,

lib. Mostuea Duchesnei, De Wild. Etudes FL has et Moyni
Congo, i. 173. A bush about 4 ft. high. Young branches shortly and
densely velvety with adpressed hairs. Leaves oval, apiculate, cuneate
at the base, more or less decurrent on the petiole,, glabrous above
except on the midrib, sparingly velvety below especially on the nerves,
ciliate on the margin, obscurely toothed ; petiole '2\ lin. long. In-
florescence axillary or terminal, sessile or on a peduncle 9 lin. long,
velvety. Flowers 3-7 together, white, subsessile or on pedicels 2i lin.
long. Calyx nearly 2 lin. long; lobes about 1 lin. long, lanceolate,
acute, velvety, ciliate. Corolla glabrous, about 7 lin. long ; lobes oval-
rounded, about 2 lin. long, 2 lin. wide. Stamens 2i lin. long. Style
longer than the stamens, deeply lobed. Fruit unknown.

Soutli Central. Congo Free State : in forests on the right bank of the
river at Stanleyville, Duchesne, 16.

47a. Strychnos variabilis, De Wild. Atudes FL Bos et ^fo^/en
Congo, i. 178. A medium-sized tree. Branchlets with brownish ad-
pressed and long silky spreading hairs, without tendrils. Leaves oval-

i'}'24 ADDENDA.

oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sometimes broadly oval, acute to emargi-
nate, l^-'> in. long, D lin. wide, rounded or subcordate at the base,
ciliate on the margins and nerves ; basal nerves 5, two outer slender
and soon anastomosing; petiole 1-3 i lin. long, with spreading brownish
hairs. Cymes terminal on the branches, dense, 1 j in. in diam., shortly
peduncled or sessile ; flowers shortly pedicelled ; pedicels accrescent,
about 2 lin. long ; bracts linear, hairy, ciliate. Calyx-lobes linear,
2 lin. long, long ciliate. Corolla about 2^ lin. long ; tube 1 lin. long,
glabrous outside ; lobes triangular, acute, densely hairy inside and at
the throat, ciliate. Ovary ovoid ; style 2 lin. long. Fruit ovoid or
subglobose, crowned by the persistent style-base, |-1 in. long; seed
brownish, more or less glossy.

Iiower Guinea. I>ower Congo: Kisantu, Gillet, 808, Kimuenza, Gillet^
2081, 1726, near Leopoldville, Gillet.

Cua. Strychnos Gilletii, De Wild. Etudes Fl. Bas et Moyen Congo
i. 176. A tree. Branches thickened and flattened at the nodes,
brownish -yellow when dry, shortly pubescent, becoming glabrous and
corky ; spines axillary on slender sterile branches only, slender, more
or less recurved. Leaves oblong or oboval, narrowed into a petiole
9 lin. long, from apiculate to deeply emarginate at the apex, coriaceous,
1 1-2| in.long, 1 in. wide, shining on the upper surface, dull on the lower,
5-nerved, 2 central nerves vanishing near the centre of the leaf. Cymes
lax, G lin. long, terminal on the principal branches or lateral ; peduncle
() lin. long, shortly hairy ; pedicels slender, hairy, about 1 lin. long ;
bracts 2, linear, Ij lin. long, sparingly ciliate. Sepals long linear, 2J
lin. long, acute, ciliate. Corolla nearly 2 lin. long in bud, caducous,
hairy outside. Ovary hairy ; style short. Fruit 2 in. in diam.
Upper Guinea. Lower Congo : Kisantu, Gillet^ 134, 880.

Iw6. Strychnos suberosa, De Wild. Etudes Fl. Bas et Moyen
Congo, i. 177. A tree or shrub. Branches thickened and flattened at
the nodes, deep brown and more or less shining when dry, becoming
glabrous and corky ; spines axillary on the barren branches only,
slender, more or less recurved, 4 lin. long. Leaves broadly oval or
oval-oblong, acute or subobtuse, rounded or cuneate at th6 base, sub-
coriaceous, 2-2|in.long, 1 J-2in. wide, hairy on both surfaces when young,
becoming glabrous on the upper ; lateral nerves reaching to the middle
of the leaf; petiole about 4 lin. long, hairy. Cymes dense, nearly 1^ in.
long and 2 in. in diam., terminal ; peduncle 1^ in. long, hairy; pedicels
^ lin. long ; bracts ^ lin. long, ciliate. Sepals lanceolate, hairy and
ciliate, about 1 lin. long, acute. Corolla If lin. long; lobes 5, shorter
than the tube, triangular, shortly hairy outside, glabrous inside except
at the throat where there is a dense ring of white hairs. Ovary hairy ;
style included.

Iiower Guinea. Lower Congo : Lemfu, Gillet, 2261, Kisantu, Gillet.

G7c. Strychnos schumanniana, Gilg in Baum, Kunene-Samb.
Kxped. 330. A tree, 12-22 ft. high, without cirrhi. Branches grey

ADDENDA. C25

pilose ; spines axillary, recurved. Leaves decussate, elliptical, rounded
or vi^idely acuminate, apiculate, about U in. long, 9-14 lin. wide, grey
pilose on both surfaces ; nerves impres^sed above, prominent beneath,
about 7 basal ; petioles about 2 lin. long. Cymes terminal on the
branches, dense, many-flowered; peduncles about 4 lin. long, as well as
the very short pedicels and calyx grey-hirsute. Calyx 2 lin. long;
lobes almost Hnear, recurved at the apex. Corolla shortly pubescent
outside ; tube 2-3 times as long as the lobes, long pilose inside the base ;
lobes deltoid-ovate, acuminate.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : by the Kulmii^o River below Miissaca, in buml in
niaizo-fields, 47(JU ft„ Bamn, 290 ; Huilla, Dekin^t^ 4a.

2. Anthocleista nobilis, G. Don. Add : A. nujrcscens, Afz. ex
Gilg in Engl. Jfihrb. xvii. 575.

4rt. Anthocleista squamata, De Wild, and Bur. in BidL Herb.
Boiss. 2 ser. i. 880. A tree. Branches terete, leafless at the base,
unarmed ; internodes about 7 lin. long. Leaves obovate-lanceolate,
quite entire, G-10 in. long, glabrous, acute, the upper with petioles H
in. long; stipules short; lateral nerves 12-13 each side, midrib and
nerves prominent beneath. Panicles terminal, cymose, dichotomous,
about 7 in. long ; branches compressed, densely scaly ; pedicels about
3 lin. long, compressed, scaly. Sepals suborbicular, about 4 lin. long,
glabrous, blackish, the inner rather longer than the outer. Corolla
unknown. Fruit subglobose, 16 lin. long, 14 lin. in diam., crowned by
the style base, enclosed at the base in the persistent sepals, dark brown,
somewhat shining; stalk about 1 in. long, 2 lin. thick.

Ijower Guinea. Lower Congo : Kimnenza, Gillef^ 1773.

10a. Anthocleista baertsiana, De Wild. (0 Dur. in Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 2 str. i. 829. A large tree. Branches terete; internodes about
5 lin. long. Leaves near the end of the branches, obovate-lanceolate.
acute, attenuate at the base, 10-27 in. long, 3^-7 in. wide, quite
entire; midrib and nerves prominent beneath, lateral nerves about 13
on each side: stipules semiorbicular, 8 lin. long, 3 lin. wide, undulate;
petiole channelled above. Panicles terminal, about 7 in. long, cymose,
dichotomous ; branches compressed ; pedicels about 2 lin. long. SepaKs
suborbicular, the inner slightly longer than the outer. Corolla longer
than the sepals, fleshy ; tube funnel-shaped, about 10 lin. long, A\ hn.
in diam. at the apex; lobes 12, oblong, 7 lin. long, 2i lin. wide.
Anthers about 12, 3 lin. long; filaments connate about 1 lin. up.
Ovary ovoid; style thick, about 14 hn. long, not longer than the
corolla; stigma capitate, about 1 lin. in diam. Fruit elliptical, D lin.
long, 11- lin. in diam. ; pericarp more or less spongy, 4-lobed.

XiOTirer Guinea. Lower Congo -. Kisantu, 6ri7/p/, 5(3.

9a. Belmontia chionantha, Gdgin BauDi, Kunene-Samb. Kxped.

Q2G ADDENDA.

332. An erect annual 12-16 in. high. Stem simple or rarely with 1
or 2 branches, slender, glabrous. Leaves few, small ; the lower 3J-4
lin. long, lJ-2 lin. broad, ovate; the upper 2^-4 lin. long, 1-1 J lin.
broad, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute. Flower solitary, terminal,
pentamerous. Sepals 3J-5 lin. long, about Ij lin. broad, ovate-
lanceolate, very acute, with an acute or slightly winged dorsal keel
decurrent on the pedicel. Corolla hypocrateriform, white ; tube 6-7J
lin. long, cylindric, slightly inflated around the anthers, narrowed
above; lobes 2-2^ lin. long, 1-1 J lin. broad, oblanceolate, acute.
Stamens inserted slightly above the middle of the corolla-tube ; filaments
short, anthers with a thick ovate densely papillate apical gland half as
large as the anther itself, eglandular at the base. Style filiform,
without a tubercular thickening ; stigma long, cylindric.

Jto-wer Guinea. Angola : by tbe River Lazingua, Baum^ 838 ! near the
Kiver Kuebe, Baum, 316 ; and by the River Longa above the River Quiriri, Baum^
701.

96. Belmontia bauxuiana, Gilg in Baum, Kunene-Samh. Exped.
331. A slender annual 6-10 in. high, simple or rarely with one branch,
glabrous. Leaves few, very small, 1 J-2^ lin. long, |-| lin. broad, linear
or lanceolate-linear, acute. Flower solitary, terminal, pentamerous.
Sepals ^^^-2 lin, long, J lin. broad, lanceolate, tapering to a long very
acute point, scarcely nerved on the back. Corolla subhypocrateriform,
whitish ; tube 2J-3 lin. long, inflated around the anthers, slightly
enlarged at the mouth ^, lobes 1-1 J lin. long, |-1 lin. broad, broadly
ovate, acute. Stamens inserted at the middle of the tube ; filaments
short ; anthers tipped with a very small gland, eglandular at the base.
Style filiform, without a tubercular thickening ; style long, cylindric.

Iiower Guinea. Angola : by tbe River Longa above the River Quiriri,
Baum, 692 !

2. Chironia erjrthrcBodes, Hiern. To this species should probably
be referred the specimen quoted under C. rosacea, Cilg, by Schoch in
Bot. Centralbl., Beihefte, xiv. 229, as from " Huilla, Welwitsch, 1528."
No mention is made of the number 1528 among the Gentianece by
Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. and probably it is an error, for 1525.
€. rosacea Gilg is a native of Pondoland.

2a. Chironia baiuniana, Gilg in Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped.
334. A glabrous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Stem 4-angled, cymosely
branched above. Radical leaves 5-11 lin. long, 2J-3 lin. broad,
subsessile, oblong-lanceolate (obovate, ex Gilg), acute, narrowed at the
base; stem-leaves in a few distant pairs, sessile, erect, 6-11 lin. long,
1-2 lin. broad, linear-lanceolate or linear, acute. Cymes moderately
lax, paniculate, with the main branches 4-5-flowered. Pedicels 3-6
lin. long. Sepals 5, erect, shortly connate at the base, .2-3 lin. long,
f-J lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate to a very acute point, acutely
keeled. Corolla 5-lobed, carmine ; tube \\ lin. long ; lobes 3J lin.
long, 1 J lin. broad, lanceolate, acute. Stamens inserted in the throat of

ADDENDA. 027

the tube, exserted ; filaments | lin. long ; anthers 1 J lin. long, linear,
slightly twisted, yellow. Style about J in. long, filiform ; stigmatic
part narrowly elongate-conical, acute. — Schoch in Bot. Centralbl.,
Beihefte, xiv. 232.

IiOixrer Guinea. Angola: by the Kunipuluve Kivor, Baum, 739
Gilg describes the corolla-tube as 2 liii. (4 mm.) long, the lobes ns 5-5.^ lin.
(10-11 mm.) longr, and the stigma as 2-lobed. I tind them as above described on
the type specimens.

4. Chironia transvaalensis, Gilg. Add: C. palustria, Gi\^ in
Baum, Kunene-Samb. Exped. 334, not of Burchell.

South Central. Congo Free State : left bank of the River Kubango, near
Kavanga, Baum, 417.

(;2!)

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

The Synonyms and Species incidentally mentioned are printed in Itali

Page
Acocanthcra . , . . 92
Acokantliera ... 92
abyssinica, K. Schum.

93, 95
Deflersii, Schweinf. 94
JjamarJcii, G. Don . 94
lycioides, G. Don . 600
Ouaba'io, Poisson . 93
^ch\n\T^ex\,Schiminf. 93
>ScAm/)eri, Schweinf. 94
var. Deflersii,

Stopf ... 94
5p.,Benth.&Hook.f. 95
spectabilis, Hook. f. 95
venenata, G. Don . 94
venenata, Schweinf. 95

Adeniuin 226

arabicum, Balf. f. . 229
boehmianum, Schinz 227
coetaneum, Stapf . 227
Hongel, A. DC. 229,614
multiflorum,

Klotzsch . . .229
namaquarium,

Henslow . . .491
obesum, Balf. f. . . 228
somalense, Balf.f. . 228
speciosuni, Fenzl . 228
speciosum, Oliv. . .228
Adenopoyon

stellarioides, Wehv. 581
^Echmolepis .... 260
rosm. arin ifolia,

Decne 2o3

Alafia 195

Barter!, Oliv. . .197
Benthamii, Stapf . 199
Butayei, Stapf . .199
caudata, Stapf . .199
cuneata, Stapf . .198
grandis, Stapf . .196
landolphioidea, li.
Schum. . . 197, 610

Page
Alafia {continued)

lucida, Stapf. . .198
major, Stapf. 201, 611
malouetioides, K.

Schum 201

microBtylis, K.

Schum 200

orien talis, K. Schum.

200, 611
parciflora, Stapf . 610
reticulata,K.Schum. 198
sarmentosa. Stapf . 200
scandens, De Wild. 610
Schumannii, Stapf. 197
Whjtei, Stapf . . 610
Allamanda . . . .117
Aubletii, Pohl . .118
CAt\ia,rt\C2i, Li 7171. 117, 602
Schottii, Bot. Mag. .118

Alstonia 120

congensiSj^n^Z. 121,602
scholaris, Chev. 121, 602
Ancylobotrm

amoena, Hua . . 46, 590
mammosa, Pierre . 44
var. crassifolia,

Pierre ... 44
var. mucronata,

Pierre ... 44
petersiana, Pierre . 48
var. forbesiana,
Pierre ... 48
jiyriformis, Pierre . 60
robuMa. Pierre . . 43
rotwidifolia, Pierre 48

Anisopus 415

bicoronata,A^.jE'.^r. 416
Mannii, -.V. E. Br. . 416
Anthocleiata .... 537
baertsiana, De Wild.

d- Dur. . . . . 625
Budmeri. Gilg . . 539
inermis, Engl. . .541

Anthocleiflta (continued)
Kulbreyeri, Baker . 540
kanieruiiensi."*, Gilg . o.ifi
lanceolata, Gilg . . 539
laxiflora. Baker . . 542
liebieclitaiana, De

, IVild. c(: Dur. . 540
}7iacra)itha, Gilg . 539
ma<:rophylla, G. Don 538
magnitica, Gilg . .541
nia7nniamensi8,G\\i; 539
nigrencens, Afz. . . 625
nobilis, G. Don 53N, «i25
orientalis, Gilg . . 539
pavviflora, Baker . 539
procera, Lepr. . . 539
pulcherriniH. Gilg . 540
scandens, Hook.f. . 542
Schettleri, Gilg . . 542
Schweinfuithii, Gibi ')\\
squaniata. De Wild.

il- Dur 6i5

stuhlraanniana, Gilg hAii
Vogclii, Plancb. . 538
zanibesiaca, Bnk^^r . 540
Zenkeri, Gilg . . 539

Ant lira

hadien)iis,GY.Gm(i\ 89

Ap1ui7io8tyHs

exserenn, Pierre . •".9

jlaruli flora, Pierre 71
laxifora, ViiTve . 70

leptantha, Pierre 7U

^Janllii. Pierre . . 69
pyraniidatM, Pierrr . 72

Apocy7iare(i

Xo. 55, Wehv. . .147

ArOCYNACK.K 21

Apocy7ium

frutesctm, Af/.. . . JKl

viminale, Bassi . . 3S4

zcylanicuiTi, Herrn. . 127

Apoxyanthera . . 269

oao

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

Apteranthes

cylhidrica, Decne. . 477

tessellaia, Decne. . 475

Arduina

acuminata, E. Meyer 9 1

hispinosa, Linn, . . 91

edulis. Sprang. . . 89

edulis, Warb. . . 92

erythrocarpa, Eckl. 91

ferox, E. Meyer . . 91

hcEmatocarpa, Eckl. 91

Ouaha'io, (Jornu , . 93

tetramera, Sacleux . 92

Arqelia

'Delilii, Decne. . . 403

ASCLEPIADE^ . . . 231

Asclepias 313

abyssinica, N.E.Br. 333
albida, N. E. Br. . 334
amabilis, N. E. Br. 338
ein^ustataL. N.E.Br. 343
aphylla. Thunb. . 400
aurea, Schlechter . 345
var. brevicuspis,
S. Moore . . 345
Baumii, ScMechter . 617
buchenaviana,

Schinz . . . .337
Buchwaldii, iV:^.^r. 617
BnrcheWu, ScJdechter 335
coccinea, N. E. Br. 340
concolor, Schlechter 378
conspicua, N.E. Br. 324
convolvulacea,Wi]\d. 388
cor data, Forsk. . . 386
crassi folia, Linn. . 330
crinita, N. E. Br. . 352
ciirassavica, Linn. . 328
densiflora, N. E. Br. 320
denticulata,

Schlechter . . .328
dependens, JV;^. ^r. 352
diBsoiuta, JSchlechter 347
eminens, Schlecliter 351
eximia, Schlechter . 371
filiformis, Benth. &
Ek.f. .... 336
var. buchena-
viana, N. E.
Br. ... 836
Jirma, Schlechter . 368
iiavida, N. E. Br. . 331
foliosa, N.E.Br. . 349
foliosa, Hiern . . 349
Frederici, Hiern . 335
frnticosa, Linn. . . 330
var. angustissima,
Schlechter . . 333
fulva, N.E.Br. . .321

Page
Aeclepias {continued)
Galpinii, Schlechter 377
geminata, Roxb. . 414
gigantea, Jacq. . .295
giscanti flora,

^N. E. Br. . . . 326
glaberrima,

Schlechter . . .298
glaucophylla,

Schlechter . 321, 616
Grantii, Schlechter 370
integra, iV:^.^r. . 334
Kaessneri, N. E. Br. 616
laurentiana,

N. E. Br. . . . 342
laniflora, Forsk. . 297
leucocarpa,

Schlechter . . .337
leucotricha,

Schlechter . . .615
lineolata, Schlechter 322
lineolatus, S. Moore 323
lisiaothoideB,

N. E. Br. . . . 326
longissima,iV.^. 5r. 338
roacrantha, Hochst. 340
macrochila,

Schlechter. . . 376
raacropetala,

N. E. Br. . . .616
mashonensis,

Schlechter . . .366
modesta, N. E. Br. 348
var. foliosa,

N. E. Br. . . 349
muhindensis,

N. E. Br. . . . 344
muricata, Schum. &

Thonn 388

nuda, Schum. &

Thonn 384

nutans, N. E. Br. . 352
Nuttii, N E. Br. . 339
odorata, N. E. Br. . 324
pachyclada,iV;j5J.^r. 325
palustris, Schlechter 349
petherickiana,

Schlechter . . . 369
Phillipsiae, N.E.Br. 332
physocarpa,

Schlechter . . . 328
procera, Willd. . . 295
propinqua,iV^.^.^r. 343
pubiseta, N. E. Br. 329
pulchella, N. E. Br. 346
pygmaea, N. E. Br. 350
Randii, S. 3Ioore . 351
reflexa, Britt. db

Bend 344

Page
Asclepias (continued)
rhacodes, N. E. Br. 342
robusta, N. E. Br. . 324
rostrata, iV; B. Br. . 331
rubella, N. E. Br. . 348
ruhicunda,

Schlechter . . . 322
scandens, Beauv. . 388
schinziana,

Schlechter . . .377
schumanniana,

Hiern . • . . 346
Schweinfurthii,

N. E. Br. . . . 323
semiamplectens,

Hiern . . . .320
semilunata,

N. E. Br. . . . 327
setosa, Forsk. . . 333
spectabilis, iV.^.i?r. 325
sphacelata, iV.^.^r. 339
stdlzianus, N. E. Br. 617
tenuifolia, N. E. Br. 337
transvaalensis,

Schlechter . . .376
tricorniculata,

Schlechter . . .616
valida, Schlechter . 377
Welwitschii, Britt.

db Bend. . . .341
Astej)hanus

arenarius, Decne. . 289
cernuus, Decne. . . 289
ovatus, Decne. . .289
reciirvatus, 'KXoizsQh 289
Schimperi, Vatke

290, 419
stenolobus,

K.Schum. . . .409

Azima 22

spinosissima, Engl. 23
tetracantha, Lam. . 22

Baissea 203

angolensis, Stapf 209, 611
var. major, Stapf 210
axillaris, Hua 210, 611
Baillonii, Hua . .211
brachyantha, Stapf 213
calophylla, Stapf . 205
congolensis,DeWi\d. 611
dichotoma, Stapf . 215
elliptica, Stapf . .215
erythrosticta, K.

Schum. . . 206, 611
graciliima, ^wa . . 216
Heudelotii, Hua . . 208
laxiflora, Stapf . . 208
Jeonensis, Benth. . 213

INDEX OF GENERA AND &PECIES.

631

Fame
Baissea [continued)

major, Hiern . . .210
micrantha, E-ua. . . 216
multiflora, A. DC.

207, 611
var. caudiloba,

Stapf . . .208
ochYa.ntha,K.6'chum. 206
odorata, K. Schum.

212, 611
ogoweneis, Hua . 212
spectahilis, Hua . .207
tenuiloba, Stapf2\4:, 611
Tholloiii, Hua . . 209
uropetala, Hua . .214
Welwitschii, ^tapf . 211
Wulfborstii, jSchinz

207, 611

sygodioides, Slapf .^210

Barrowia .... 434

jasminiflora, Decne. 435

Baseonema .... 259

Gregorii, Schl. dc

Rend 259

Brttesanthus .... 253
puipureuB, iV. ^.^r. 254
Belmontia .... 551
baumiana, Gilg . . 626
chionantba, Gily . 625
debilis, Schinz , . 552
gracilis, Welw. . . 551
grandis, E. Mey. . 553
mechowiana, Vatke . 553
ob'gantha, Crilg . . 552
platyptera, Baker . 552
primulaeflora, Schinz 553
pumila, Baker . . 552
Teuszii, Schinz . . 554
zambesiaca, Baker . 552
Boucerosia .... 478
acutangula, Decne. . 483
cylindrica, Brongu. 471?
dccaisneana, htm. . 488
russeliana, Courb. . 481
tombuctu^nsis, Chev. 622
Brachystelma . . . 466
Bingeri, A. Chev. . 469
Buchanani,iV'.jE'.^r. 467
ellipticum, A. Bich. 472
euphorbioides, K.

Schum 469

Johiistoni, N. E. Br. 468
keniense, jSchweinf. All
lineare, A. Bich. . 470
magicum, N. E. Br. 468
phyteumoides, K.

Schum 469

plocuraoides, Oliv. . 470
Schinzii, N. E. Br. 471

Brachystelma [continued)
shirense, Schlechter 468
sp., Thorns. . . .470
subaphylLum, K.

Schum 473

Ta valla, K. JSchum. 470

Brehmia

sjnnosa, Haw. . . 537

Buddleia 515

acuminata, A. Br. . 516
aurantiaco-maculata,

(filg 517

foiiata, A. Br. . . 516
madagascariensis,

Lam 517

oreophila, Gilg . .516
polystachya, /Vesen. 515
rufu, Fresen. . .516
salvifolia, Law. . .516
usambarensis, Gilg . 516
virgata, Linn. i. . 511

Callichilia . . . .130
Barteri, Stapf . .133
inaequalis, jStapf . 132
Maunii, JStapf . .131
monopodialis,- Stapf 131
stenosepala, Stapf . 602
subsessilis, Stapf

132, 602

Calocrater .... 128
Preussii, K. Schum. 128

Calotropis 294

bus8eana,ii. Schum. 615
heterophylla, Decne. 294
procera, Ait. . . .294

Canscora 557

decussata, Boem. &

Sch 557

diffusa, B. Br. . . 558
Kirkii, N. E. Br. . 558
ramosissima, Baker 558
tetragona, Schinz . 657

Caralluma .... 477
acutangula.-A^.^.-Cr. 483
adscendens, B. Br. . 488
Ango, N. E. Br. . 488
atrosanguinea,

N. E. Br. . . . 485
caudata, N. E. Br. . 485
decaisneana,

N. E. Br. . . . 488
Edithfe, N.E.Br. . 481
gracilipes,A'.jS'c/ium. 484
hirtiflora, N. E. Br. 480
huillensia, Hiern . 487
laleritia, N. £. Br. 486
\0Jig\denB, N.E.Br. 483
Lugardi, N. E. Br. 4H7

CarHlluroa (continued)
luttu, N. K. Br. . 48G
maculatH, N. E. Br. 487
peniciUatu, N. E. Br. 482
respicietm,K.iichuiu. 481
retroHpicicLs,
iV. E. Br. . . .480
var. glabrw,
N. t\ Br. . 481
robusta, iV. E. Br. . 482
Bomulica, N. E. Br. 482
speciosa, N. E. Br. 479
iSpreogeri, A^. ^. Z/r. 484
Bubulata, Deaie. . 489
tombuctuensis,

N. E. Br. . . .622

valida, A^. E. Br. . 486

vittata. A'. E. Br. . 483

Carandas

edulis, Hiern ... 89

Carissa 88

abynsinica, R. Br. . 93
acuminata, DC. . . 91
africana, JJC. . . 92
Arduina, Lam. .91, 600
bispinata, Lewin . 91
bispinosa, Deef. . . 91
candolleana, Jaub.

& Spach ... 89
Carandas, Lour. . 92
cornifolia, Jaub. &

Spach .... 89

dulcis, Sch. &TLonn. 89

edulis, Engl. ... 92

eduhs, Va/d ... 89

var. major, Stapf. 90

var. tomentoaa,

Stapf. ... 90
erythrocarpa, DC . 91
ferox, DC. ... 91
hcematocorpa, DC. . 91
Jlepte, Hocbst. . . 93
myrtoides, Desf. . 91
obUmgifolia, Hocbsl.

91, 96
pilosa, Schinz . . 90
pube$cens, DC. . . 89
richardiancL, Jaub.

& Spach ... 89
Schimpert, Balf. f. . 89
Hchimperi, A. UC. . 93
gp.f CuilioB . . . iS
ap., Franch. & Foiss. 93
sp. no. 3, Oil v. . . 89
tetraiuera, ^tapf 91

tomentota, A. Kich. IH)
xylojiicron, Thouars 92
Carpotiinua .... 72
acida, Sabinr . 86

€32

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Pege
Carpodinns {continued)
acida, Sclnveint'. . 51
Eavteri, Stapf . . 77
calaharicus, 8tapf . 4=2
carnptoloha, K.

8eliiim 85

chylorrhiza. K.

Sciium. .' 58, 63, 593
congolerisis, Stajyf . 76
cymalosa, Stapf . . 70
decijyiens, Pierre . 7o
dulcis, Sabine . 76, 598
ectveldeana, De

Wild 597

exaerens, K. Sebum. 69
jlaoa, Pierre ... 78
Jiaridiflora, K.

Schum 71

foretiana, Pierre . 87
J'riabilifi, Pierre . .81
lulva, Pierre ... 87
Gentilii, De Wild.

■88,600
glabra, Pierre . . 81
globulifera, K.

Schum 598

gracilis, Stapf . 84, 599
gracilis, Stapf . . 84
u'rifioniana, Pierre . 87
hirButa, Hua . . 77, 598
iganda, Pierre . . 88
incerta, K. Schum. . 70
Jumellei, Pierre . . 88
klaineana, Pierre . 79
Klainei, Piej-re . . 79
lacteus, K. Scbnm. . 81
lanceolata, K.

Schum. . . .85,599
landolphioides,

jStapf . . . : 80
laxifiora, K. Sebum. 70
Zep<«nfAa,K. Sebum. 70
leptantba, Stapf . . 82
]Qnca,ntha, K. ScJtmn. 599
ligustriFolia, Stapf

'83, 599

var. angasta, De
Wild. . . .599
niacrantha, K.

Schum 85

maxima, K. Schum. 74
myriantha, K.

Sebum 71

oocarpa, Stapf . . 598
parviflora, Stapf . 78
parvif alius, Pieire . 63
paucifiora, K.

Sebum 78

rufinervis, Pierre . 79

Page
Carpodinus {continued)
Sehlecbteri, K,

Schum 75

subrepanda, K.

Schum 81

tenuifolia, Pierre . 78
tricbantbera, Pierre 82
turbinata, Stapf . 83, 599
umbeUata, K.

Sebum 103

uniflora, Stapf , . 75
violaeea, K. Schum. 80
watsonianus,

Vogtberr ... 34
Carvalboa . . . .133
campanulata. A'.

Schum. . . . .134
maeropbylla, K.

Schum 134

petiolata, K. Schum. 602
Catharensis

roseum, G. Don . .119
Centaurium

angustifolium fori-

hus, d-e., Burm. . 563
Ceropegia .... 435
abyesinica, Decne. . 462
abyssinica, A. Rieb. 441
affinis, Vatke . . 445
angusta, N. E. Br. 458
aiigustiloba,Z)ePri/<f. 621
ariBtolocbioides,

Decne 464

beeeariana, Martelli 446
biddumana, K.

Schum 445

Bonafouxii, K.

Schum 620

hotry&, K, Schum. . 621
calcarata, N. E. Br. 45S
campanulata, 6r. Do?t 462
convolvuloides, A.

liich 454

debilis, N. E. Br. . 458
denticulata, K.

Schum 448

dic.hr oantha, K.

Schum 461

distincta, N. E. Br. 443
Ellenbeekii, K.

Schum 621

filipendula, K.

Schum 462

floribunda,iV:^.^r. 460
fusiformis, xV. E. Br. 450
gemmifera, K.

Schum 620

Giletii, De Wild, db

Dur 452

Page
Ceropegia {cordinued)
gymnopoda,

Sebleebter . . . 439
hirsuta, Hoebst. . 463
humilh, S.E.Br. . 464
infausta, ^V. E. Br. . 459
Johnsoni, N. E. Br. 451
Kerstingii, K.

Schum 622

kroboensiSjX^. -Br. 440
kwebensis, _Y. J5'.^r. 456
leiieoti^nia, K.

Schum 451

lorautbiriora, K.

Schum. . . . .441
Lugardae. IW E. Br. 455
medoensis, JT. E. Br. 460
Meyeri, Decne. . . 454
Meveri-Jobaunis,

Engl 449

mozambieensis,

Schlechter . . .447
nigra, X. E. Br. . 440
nilotica, Kotschy . 447
pachystelma,

Schlechter . , . 457
papillata, X. E. Br. 452
paricvma, X. E. Br. 457
Perrottetii,iV.^.£r. 448
puhescens, E. Meyer 454
pumila, X. E. Br. . 439
purpurascens, K.

Schuyn 450

pygmaea, Schinz . . 43^)
racenioea, iV'. E. Br. 456
ringens, A. Rich. . 442
ringens, Vatke . . 455
ruspoliana. K.

Schum 445

scan dens, _V. E. Br. 449
setifera, Schlechter . 457
sinuata, Decne. . . 442
sobolifera, X. E. Br. 444
Btenanlha, AT. Schum. 459

var. parvifolia,

-A'. E. Br. . . 459
Steudneri, Vatke . 463
steudneriana, K.

Sebum 464

subapliylla, K.

Schum 621

subtruncata,

X. E. Br. . . . 444
tentaculata,

X. E. Br. . . . 443
var. pubernla,

Hiern . . .443
umbraticola, K.

Schum 461

INDEX OF CEXERA AXD SPECIES.

038

Page
Ceropepia {continued)
Verdickii, De Wild. 620
v)gnaldiana,yl.7?/c/i. 4(58
vignaldia na,Y ntke . 464
volubilis, N. E. Br. . 446
Cestrum

oppositifoUum, Lam. 95
venenatum, Thnnh. . 95

Chironia 554

angolerisis, (rilg . . 55^^
baumiana, Gilg . .626
densijlora, Scutt-

Elliot . . . .555
erythrieodes, Hiern

555, 626
Inimiiig, Gilg . . . bob
Krebsii, (iriseh. . . 554
laxiflora. Baker . . 556
pahtstris, Gilg . . 627
purpurascens, Rolfe 555
rubroaerulea, Gilg . 556
transvHalensis, Gilf/

555, 627

Wilmsii, Gilg . . 555

Chlorocodon .... 254

ecornutus, N. E. Br. 256

Whyteii, Hook. /. . 255

Chlorostelma

fritiUarioides,\Ye\w. 327
Cleghornia . . . .203

Clitandra 60

alba, Stapf ... 64
arnoWia>ia,DeWild. 594
Barteri, Stapf . . 66
Buchanani, Hall. f. 35
cin-hosa, Badlk. 67, 596
cymtiloBa, Benth. . 65
flavidiflora. Hall. f. 70
Gentili, Be Wild. . 596
gracilis, Hall. i'. . 85
henriquesiana, K.

Schum. . . .62,594
kilinian djarica,

Warb 34

laconrtiana, Be

Wild. . . . .596
landolphioides^

Hall. f. .... 80
laxitiora, Hall. f. . 69
leptaotba, ^a/^. /. . 70
macrantha, Hall. f. 85
Mannii, Stapf . . 69
membranacea, Stapf 597
mgricentha, K.

Sebum 71

nitida, Staf)f . . . 595
Nziinde, Be Wild.. 595
orientalis. A". Schum.

65, 594

Page

Clitandra {continued)
parvifolia, Stapf . 63
vohnaUow K. Schum. 71
.Scbweinfurtbii,

Stapf .... 68
sclcrophi/lla, K.

Sclium 67

fp., Stapf .... 68
Staiidtii, Stapf . . 67
toe;olana, Sta/f . . 64
riscifua. Hall. f. . 67
visciflua, A'. Sch'Jan.

66, 596
var. Kclerophyila,
St(fpf. ... 67

Codoneura

calophylla,K.'6chnm. 2(»6

Coinochlamys . . . 504
aayolnna, S. I\Ioore . 510
congokina, Gilg . , 509
hii-auta, T. Anders. . 509
poggeana, Gilg . .510
Sch u)einfurthii, Gilg 510

Conomiira
linearij)^ Fenzl . . 291

Cono[ibaryngia . . .139
atjgolensis, Stopf . 146
bracbyaiitha, Stapf. 148
contovta.,- St ajf .' . 142
crassa, Stajyf. 144, 603
Cumminsii, -67a/i/ . 145
duribsima, Stapf. . 143
elegans, Staj^f . .149
Holstii, Stapf . . 146
JohnKtonii, Stajyf . 147
joUyana, Stajf . .144
longiflora, *SYa7)/"142, 603
pacbyeiphnn, Stapf. 145
pendulitiora, Stapf

149, 603
Smithii, >SYa/>/ . . 142
stapfiana, Stapf . . 147
stenosiphon, Stapf . 147
Thonneri, Stapf . 143
usambarensiH, Stapf 148
ventricota, Stapf . 149

Craterostigma

Schinzii, K. Schum. 471

Criooeras . . . .^ . 128
dipladeniiflora, A'.

Schum 129

longiflora, Pierre . 129

Cryptoiepii* .... 242
angolensis, Welw. . 249
apiculata, A'. iScAwm. 244
Barteri, A'. Schum. . 252
Barteri, K. Scbiiii). 245
Bauniii, N. E. Br.

247, 614

Crvptolepis [continued)
lirazziti, Jiaill. . . 24^
Brazzni, Henriq. . 248
rapennis, K. Sclmru. 244
d-cidiia, X E. Br. . 1'43
Elliotii, Schhrhter . 'JSO
Hensii, X. K. lir. . •_'46
liypoj^lauca, A'.

Shilm 244

laxa, Baill. . . . •jf,2
niicmphylla, Baill. . 245
Monteiro<r, Oliv. . 253
mi/rtifoHa,

Schlecbter . . . 21h
nigritanii, X. K Br. 251
dblnngifolia,

SrhUchter . . . 24(»
obtusa, X. E. fir. . 2 46
producta, X E. Br.

247, 614
aanguinoleuta,

Sclilecbter . . . 245
scandeu/t.'^cMechttr 249
Sizenandi, Knife . 248
Huffniticos.i, .VA'./^r. 251
triangularis, iV. A'. //r. 245
Welwiischii, Hiern

248. 614
var. luteola,

Hiern . . 249
Wehcitschii,
Schlecbter. . . 251

Curroria 242

decidua, Planch. . 243

Cylindropnig . . 61

parvlfolia, PieiT« . fiS

toguluna. Hall. f. . «>4

Cynanchum .... 390

abyssinicum, l>ecne. 392

var. tomentosuni,

Oliv 392

acuminatum, K.

Schum ;;94

Adalin/r, A. Schum. 394
altiscand«?n8, A'.

Schum 396

aphyllum, Linn. , . 384
Aryel, Dnlile . . .403
bicolor, Andr. . . 388
breridens, N. E. Hr. 396
v,ir. zambe/tiacum,
S. E. Hr. . . 396
clavidens, X. E. Br. 397
complerum, N.K Hr. 393
(je!oliaBceii8, A'.

>c/iMm. . . . .400
deutatum. A'. .*<f^»m. 401
Dcwevrei. B4 Wiid
d' Bur 400

634

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
Cjnancbum {continued)
echinatwn, Thuuh. . 388
extensum, Jacq. . . 388
hd^iernwrn, X.E. Br. 395
hastatiim, Pers. . .431
hastilolium,

K E. Br. .^ . . 397
ha.<itifolium , K.

Schum 397

heteromorphum,

Vatke . . . .401
heterophyllum,'D(i\\\e 432
Holstii, K, Schum. . 392
lanceolatum. Poir, . 431
lancifoiium, Sch. &

Tbonn 431

longipes, i\; E. Br. 393
Mannii, X. E. Br. . 394
mensense, Schweinf. 397
microstegram, K.

JSchum 402

minutijiorum, K.

Schum 396

mossambiccnse,

Schlechter . . , 393
mosaambicense, K.

Schum 392

obscurum, K. Schum. 393
olecefolium, Nectoux 403
pendulum, Poir. . . 388
pleianthum, K.

/Schum 401

poljanthum, E.

Schum 393

praecox, Schlechter . 399
pyrotechnicum,

Forsk 433

sarcostemmatoides,

K. Schum. . . 399
sarcostemmoides, K.

Sclium. .... 400
scabrum, Sch. &

Thonn 431

Schimperi, Hochst. . 419
schistoglossum,Sch]. 390
schistoglossum,

Schlechter . . . 395
senegalense, Si'eb. . 414
somaliense, N.E. Br.

398, 618
subvoluhile, Sch. &

Thonn 414

trifurcatum,

Schlechter . . .618
vagum, N. E. Br. . 396
vaiidum, N. E. Br. 398
viminale, Linn. . . 384
Welwitschii, Schl. &

Kend 393

Page

Page

Ci/noctonum

Dregea {continued)

acuminatum, Benth

394

rubicunda, Hiern .
rubicunda, K.

421

Daemia ....

3S5

Sebum. . . .

422

cethiopica, Decne.
angolensis, Decne. ,

388

Duvalia ....

502

388

dentata, N. E. Br.

502

barbata, Rlotzsch

388

transvaalensis,

barbata, Schlechter

388

Schlechter . .

503

bicolor. Sweet .

388

cordata, R. Br. .

386

Echidnopsis . . .

474

cor c?i/i:;/ia, K . Schum

388

. cereiformis, -SboA;. /

extensa, B. Br. . .

387

475

,622

gariepensis, Engl. .
garipensis,^. Meyer

387

var. brunnea,

387

Berger , .

475

guineensis, Gr. Don .

388

var. obscura,

incana, Decne. . .

386

Berger . .

475

scandens, G. Don .

388

cylindrica, X.

tomentosa, Pomel .

386

Schum. . .

477

Decabelone

dammanniayia, K.

Barklyi, Dyer . .

494

Schum. . . .

476

elegans, Decne. . .

494

dammanniana,

grnndifiora, K.

Schweinf. . .

475

Schum

494

var. brunnea,

Dekindtia ....

588

Dammann . .

475

africana, Gilg . .

588

dammanniana,

Desmidorchis

Sprenger . . .

475

acutangula, Decne.

483

nubica, N. E. Br. .

475

retrospiciens.

somalensis,iV. E. Br.

477

Ehrenb. . . .

481

tesseUata, K.

Dirtyopheba

Schum. , . 475,622

lucida, Pierre . .

59

Vi rcho wii,^, aS'cAmtti.

476

Diplorhynchus . . .

105

Echites

angolensis, Britten .

106

guineensis, Thonn.

225

angolensis, Bilttn.

paniculata, Thonn.

225

106

600

Ectadiopsis ....

242

angustifolia, Stapf .

107

acuHfoUa, Benth. .

250

niossambicensis,

Biittneri, K. Schum.

252

Benth. . . 107

600

lanceolata, Baill.

248

Poggei, K. Schum. .

106

myrtifolia, Baill. .

248

psiiopus, Welw. . .
Welwitschii, Rolfe

106

nigritana, Benth. .

251

var. congesta, K.

105,

600

Schum. . . .

251

Welwitschii, K.

nigritiana, K.

Schum

600

Schum

251

Diplostigma ....

389

oblongifolia, Benth.

250

canescens, X./ScAwm.

389

scandens, K. Schum.

249

Djeratonia

scandens, De Wild.

614

sp., Pierre . • .

78

suffritticosa, K.

Dobera

21

Schum

252

coriacea, A. DC. .

22

Wehoitschii, Baill. .

248

glabra, A. DC. . .

21

Welwitschii, JSritt. .

251

loranthiiblia, Warb.

22

Ectadium

Roxburghii, Planch.

21

oblongifolium,

Dregea

417

Meian

250

abyssinica, K.

Ectinocladus

Schum

421

Benthami, Baill.

199

africana, Martelli .

421

Edithcolea ....

492

Jioribunda, E. Meyer

422

grandis, N. E. Br. .

492

macran^Aa, Klotzsch 420 |

Enicostema ....

562

INDEX OF GEXEllA AND SPECIES.

635

Page

Enicostema {continued)
Litiloba, N. E. Br. . 564
littorjtle, Bl. . . . 568
verticillare, Baill. . 568
verticillatum, Engl. 568
verticillatum, Gilg . 564

Epitaherna .... 588
myrmcecia,K.^c\\\Mn. 588

Ervatamia . . . .126
coronaria, ^SYa/)/ . . 127

Erjthraea 556

pulchella, Hornem. . .557
ramosissirna, Pers. . 556

Euphorbia

pendula, Link . . 385
viminalis, Linn. . . 384

Exacum 545

quinquenervium,

Griseh 546

zombensisjiV. jE". J5r. 546

Exochcenium

debile, Welw. . . 552
grande, Griseb. . . 553
primulcejiorumy

Welw 553

Faroa 565

affinis, I)e Wild. . 567
amara, Gilg . . . 567
axillaris, Baker . . 566
Bcehniii, Engl. . . 668
Buafianani, Baker . 565
gomphrenoides, ^ng\. 567
)4raveclens, Baker . 567
involucrata, Knohl. 566
nyAsica, N. E. Br . 568
pusilla, Baker . . 568
salutaris, Welw. . . 569
Sdiweinfurthii,

Engl. & Knobl. . 568

Fockea 427

Lugardi, N. E. Br. . 429
multiJlora,'DeWM. 620
multijlora, Hiern . 429
multitlora, K.Schum.

428, 620
Scliinzii,i\:^.jBr. . 428
sessiliflora.-S'cAZec/iier 429

Funtumia .... 189
africana, Stapf 190, 609
elastica, Stapf 191, 609
latifolia, Stapf 192, 609

Gabunia 136

brachypoda, Stapf . 137

crispiflora, Stapf . 139

eglandulosa, Stapf . 138

var. macrocalvx,

Stapf. . '. .139

Pace

?•«•

Gabunia (continued)

GomphocarpiiH (ron-

GentiJii, Us Wdd.

602

tinutd)

glanduloba. Stapf

var. purpureus.

138

,602

Scbweiiil. .

330

latifolia, Stapf .

137

var. tomenioBa,

longi flora, Stapf.

138

K. Schum. .

. 332

psorocarpa, Pierre

137

var., Vatke

333

Gjertnera ....

542

gUiberrimim, Oliv.

298

DinkJagei, A". /ScAttm

543

glaucoiihylluM,
Scblechter- . .

moriyidoides, Baker

543

321

occidentalis, Baill.

544

^'ranf iJ.Schlfchtcr

370

paniculata, Benth.

543

lanatus, E. Meyer

336

rhodantha, Baker

543

lintolatvs. Decne.

323

salicifolia, C. 11.

li8iaJithoidt8,l)ecne

327

Wright . . .

543

longissimus, K.

Gentiana

Sebum. .

339

verticillaris, Eetz.

563

McKenii, Harv. .

377

verticillata, Linn. f.

563

nutans, Klotzsch

352

verticillata, Liun. .

564

palaater, K. Scbom

350

Gentiane^ . . .

544

palustris.K. Scburo

35U

Glossonema ....

290

paucijlorns, K\o\zs<:\

345

affine, N. E. Br. .

292

pedunculatus,DtcDe

. 341

boveanuui, Decne. .

292

jthysocarpus, E.

hoveanum. Kotschj .

292

Meyer . .

329

EUiotii, Scblechter

293

physocarpus, K.

Erlangeri , K. Schum

615

Schum. . . .

328

lineare, Decne. . .

291

pulchellus, Decne.

347

nubicum, Decne.

291

purpurasctns, A.

Revoili, Franch.

Rich. . . .

330

292,

614

rhinophyllus, K.

Mevoilii, K. Schuin.

614

Sebum. . . .

377

Rivaei, K. Schum. .

614

robustus, A. Rich.

324

Tbruppii, Oliv. . .

293

rosens, K. Sebum.

348

Glossostelma

rubicundus, K.

Gw^o/677*e,SchlecLter 311

Sebum. . .

322

Gomphocarpus . . .

313

scaber, Harv.

377

abgssinicuft, Hocbst.

333

scaber, K. Schum.

377

amcenus, K. Schum.

346

stmiamplectens, K.

aureus, Scblechter .

345

Scliuiu. .

321

biaacculatusy Oliv. .

323

seinilunatus, A.

Buchwaldii, Scbl. &

Rich

328

K. Sob

617

sessilis, Decne. . .

309

chironioides, Decne.

327

aetosus, A. Kich.

333

chlorojodina, K.

spathulatvs.

Scbuin

367

Scblechter . . .

313

concolor, Decne.

378

sphac^latus, K.

coryiuius, Decne.

330

Sebum. . . . .

340

crinitus, Bert. . .

352

stenophylla. Oliv. .

335

cristatus, Decne. .

350

stenophyllus, Oliv. .

338

depend ens, K.Schum.

352

stolzianus, K.

drepanostephanus.

Sebum. . . .

r.is

Hocbst

324

tomentosus. Burch. .

336

filiform is, D. Dietr.

336

tracJtyphyllus, K.

foliosus, K. Sebum.

349

Schum

377

fruticosus, K. Br. .

330

vfrticilltitus, Turcr.

333

var. angustissi-
mu8, Engl. . .

Gomphostigma . . .

511

333

Bcoparioides, Turez.

511

var. purpureus,

Gotu/rotifvia

Martelli . . .

333

latifolixim, Bonlh. .

425

G3G

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

Page

Page

Gongroiiema [continue

i)

Hoodia

490

Jasminonerium {con-

Wtltcitschii, K.

Currori, Decne. . .

491

tinued)

Schum

412

Gordoni, Sw. . .

491

bispinosum, 0. Ktze.

91

Guerhea

Lugurdi, N.E.Br. .

491

duke, O. Ktze. .

90

contjolana, Dc Wild.

parvifloia, N. E. Br.

491

edule, 0. Ktze. . .

90

&Dur

209

Hoya

erytlirocarpuin.

jiorihunda, K. *

africana, Decne.

421

0. Ktze. . . .

91

Sebum

216

Huernia .....

495

ferox, 0. Ktze. . .

91

(jracillima, K.

aspera, A'. E. Br. .

496

hcematocurpum,

Schum

216

concinna, N. E. Br.

0. Ktze. . .

91

scliuniaiiniatijj, De

497

622

oblongi folium.

Wild. dL'Lur. 217

611

Engleii, Terrace. .

499

0. Ktze. . . .

91

uro2)etala,K.iichvim.

214

inacrocarpa,A.A'.^r.

498

pubescens, 0. Ktze.

90

Gynmema . . . .

413

macrocarpa,

tomentos urn, 0. Ktze

im

crcufilDxn, Klotzsch .

414

Dammanu . . .

497

Jasminum . .

1

fruticulosnm,

macrocarpa,

abyssinicum, B. Br.

11

Hochst

414

Schweiuf. . 497

622

Afu, Gilg . . . .

7

geminatum, Hiern .

414

macrocarpa, Taub. .

497

arigolense, Welw.

8

liumile, JJt'cne. . .

414

oculata, Hook.f.

496

anyidure, Gilg .

588

longepeduvculata,

Penzigii, N. E. Br.

auriculatum, DC.

10

Sell Wei lit". . . .

404

497

622

Bakeri, Scott-Elliot

12

macrocarjjum, A.

similis, N. E. Br. .

495

brachyscyphum,

Rich

419

somalica, N. E. Br.

497

Baker . . .

5

melananthum, K.

Sprengeri, Schweinf.

484

brevipes, Baker . .

5

Schum

619

Tavaresii, Welw, .

494

bukobense, Gilg.

9

M'Kenii, Harv. . .

414

Huerniopsis ....

499

dichotomura, Vahl

9

iiitidum, Benth. . .

415

decipiens, N. E. Br.

499

dicranolepidiforme,

parvifolium, Oliv. .

285

Hunteria

104

Gi/g. . . .

8

rufesconn, Jjeciie. .

414

africana, K. Schum.

104

dsehuricum, Gilg

3

subvoluhile, Decne .

414

amhiens, K. Schum.

100

Eminii, 6^/^17 . .

6

suhfoiubile, Hook. .

414

Ballayi, Hua . .

600

Engleri, Gilg . .

3

syivestre, H. Br.

413

breviloba, Hall. f. .

102

floribundum, B. Br

13

Gymnolaema . . . .

241

cam£runen8i8,ila,\].i'

102

gardeniodorum, Gilg

8

Newii, Benth. . .

241

pleiocarpa, Hall. f. .

99

goetzeanum, Gilg

K 12

Gymolaima

pycnantha, Hall. f.

gratissit,, M??i,Deflerf-

10

Newii, K. Schum. .

241

100, 101
pycnantha, K.

103

guineense, G. Don
Hildebrandtii,

9

Heinsia

o88

Schum

99

Knobl. . . .

11

Hvppion

rostrata, Hall. f. .

98

Holatii, Gilg . .

11

hyssopifolium,

sp., Hall. f. . . .

97

Kirkii, ^rt^-er .

6

Spreng

563

uvibellata. Hall. f. .

104

longipes, Baker .

7

verticillatum, O.Kze.

563

mauritianum, Boje?

Htlalafia

201

Iboga

10

,588

niu\t\iior a, jStapf 201

,611

vateriana, /. Br. tO

megalosiphon, Gilg

10

Holarrhena . . . .

161

K. Schum. . .

125

Meyeri-JohanniH,

africana, A. DC.

164

Jchnocarpus

Engl. . . .

5

africana, \Vulf«b. .

165

Afzelii, Roem. &

microphyllum.^aAre?

• 4

congolensis, Stapf .

163

Sch

281

niossamedense.

febrifiiga, Klotzsch

Isonema

187

■Hiern . . .

12

162

604

Buchholzii, Engl. .

189

niloticum, Gilg .

6

var. glabra, Oliv.

163

infundibulitlorum,

noctiflorum, Afz.

9

Fischeri, K. Schum.

163

Stapf ....

188

obovatum. Baker

7

fiorihunda, JUur. &

Suieatbnianhi,

var. Welwitschii,

Sch. . . . . .

164

Roem. & 'Sch. 188,609

Hiern . .

7

glabra, Klotzsch . .

163

obtusilolium, Baker

4

ovata, A. DC. . .

163

Jasminonerivm

officinale, Linn. .

13

tettensis, Klotzsch .

163

acumivatum,

oleascarpum, Baker

8

Wulfsbergii, Stapf

0. Ktze. . . .

91

parviflorum, Knobl.

8

164

604

africanum, 0. Kize.

90

pauciflornni, Benth

6

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

087

Jasrainum (coutinned)
Pospischilii, Gilrj .
Preussii, A'urjI. rO

Knohl. . . .
Schimperi, Vatke
schroteriariuin,

Schinz . . .
Schweinfurthii, Gilg
Smithii, Baker .
somaliense. Baler
stenodon, Baker
stenolobnm, Iiolfe
Steudneri, Schweinf.
ternifoliuni, Baker
ternum, Knobl. .
tettenae, Klotzsch
toraentosum. Knobl
Walleri, Baker ,
Wehvitschii, Baker
Zanzibar iense, Bojer
zeylanicum, J. B u rm .

Page
10

9

4

12
3
3

11
6
4

12

9

5,9

10
5
9
7

10
127

Kalancko'e .... 544

Kanahia 295

consimilis, N.E. Br. 298
Delilii, Decne. . . 296
Forskalii, Decne. . 298
glaberriraa,^'.£'.^r. 297
. laniflora, M. Br. . . 296
Kickxia

africana, Benth. . 190
var. iners, Pierre . 190
var. Klainii,

Pierre . . .190
africana, Stapf . .191
congolana, De Wild. 192
elastica, Prenss . .191
Gilletii, De Wild. . 190
latifolia, Stapf . .192
Scfieffleri,K.Schnm. 192
Zenkeri, K. Schum. 190

Lachnopylis

opjpositifolia, Hochst. 513
ternifolia, A. DC. . 512

Lagarinthus

abyssinicns. Hochst. 356
filiformis, E. Meyer 336

Landolphia .... 30
amoena, Hua . . 46, 590
angustifolia, Engl. . 49
bracteata, Deictvre . 41
Buchananii, Stapf . 35
Cameronis, Stapf . 35
comorensi8,'Devfevre 37
var. florida,

Dewevre . . 37
comorensis, K.

Schum 39

Pajje
Latidolpliia {eoydinnrd)
var. Horida, K.

Schum. . . 39,40
coinorevsis,

Vogtiierr . . 50, 56
crassipes, Radlk. . 34
Diiwe\, Stapf . . . 590
Dewevrei, IStapf . 52, 592
dondeensift, Busse . 67
droogmansiana,

Be Wild. . . . 593
dubreucqiiiana,

De Wild. . . . 593
elastica, Vatke . . 06
eminiana, -^r//Z./. . 41
ferruginea, S'apf . 46
florida, Benth. . 38, 590
var. fenegalensis.

Hall. f. . . . 37

var.Ieiantha, 0/iv. 39

florida, Bot. Mag. . 39

Foreti, Juvi. . . 58, 594

Gentilii, De Wild.

50, 51, 590
Jienriquesiana,

Hall. f... . .63,594
Heudelotii, A. DC.

53, 592
var. Djengp, Stapf 55
var. tonientosa,

Hna 54

Heudelotii,

Schlechter ... 50
Heudelotii, K.

Schum 51

humilis, K. Schum.

.53, 592
kilimandiarica,5ffl7>/" 34
Kirkii, Dyer . . 55, 592
var. delagoenais,

Dewevre . . 56
var. dondeensis,

Stapf. . . . 56
var. parvifolia.

Hall. f. . . . 57
Klainei, Pierre . 51. 591
Laurentii, De \V\\<i.

30, 589

var. gr and i flora,

De Wild. . . 589

Lecomtei, Dewevre . 42

leonensis, Stapf . . 36

lucida, A'. Schitni. . 59

var. hispida.

Hall. f. . 59, r.94
Mannii, Dev.evre . 71
Mannii, De Wild k,

Dur 4:5

Mannii, Dyer . . 52

Landolphia (continued)
MirhAini, Henth. . 54
ochmcca., K. Srhum. 4(>
var. glabratH,

HalLf ... 41
owariwndiH. lieauv. . 49
forma, Dy»-r . 51
var. parvifolia,

Hall. f. . . 58
var. nibiginosa,

Stajf ... 50
var. ton)entella,
Stnjf . .51,5^0
ou"r*r?VnxM, Dewuvro .'»2
pachyph\ lla. Stapf . 45
jjorriflora, Moller . 57
parvifolia, K.Sdiuvi.

57, 592
petersiana,. Z).v«r 47, 590
var. Hncustifolin,

Stapf ... 48
var. crossifolia,

Dewevre . . 4S
var. cranxifolia,

K. Schiim. . . 44
var. mucronata,

DewHvre . . 44
var. rotund if olia,

Dewevre . 4H

var. nila, Stapf . 48
var. Bchweinlpr-

thiatia, Stapf . 48
var. Tnbeufii.

Bnsse ... 49
petersiana, Juni. . 44
peter si ana, K.

Schum 34

Pierrei, Hua . . .591
poly ant ha,

K. Schi;m. 56
Preufisii, K. Sclinm. 71
pyramidatu, Pifrre . 72
pyriformis, Stupf . 60
reticulata. Hali f. . 60
robusta, Sta/f . . 43
scandeJ)^, Biuse . . 590
var. pttergiana,

Bussr.. . . . 590
var. Totundifolia,

BuKse. .' . .590
var. Tubenfii,

Bupse. ... 590
scandeim. Hall. f. 43, 4G
vnr. anquiti folia,

Hall.'f. .' . . 48
vRi. roriacfii.

Hall. f. . . . 44
var. frrrugiiiea,

Hhii. f. '. . . n

688

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
Landolphia [continued)
var. genuina,

Hall. f. ... 44
var. petersiana,

Hall, f ... 48
var. ri^iV/a, Hall. f. 48
var. rotundifolia,

Hall. f. . . . 48
var. schweinfur-

thiana. Hall. f. 48
var. stuhlman-

niana, Hall. f. 48
scandens, iJidr. 44, 590
senegfalensis,

Kotsclnj (C- Peyr.

36, 590
var. glabriflora,

Hua ... 37
senensis, K. Schum. 48
sp., Benth. ... 37
sp., Collins ... 56
sp., K. Schiim. . . 71
Stolzii, Busse . . 592
I'ayloris, Stapf . .45
Thollonii, Dewevre

58, 593
tomentosa, Dewevre

54, 56
ugandensis, Stapf . 589
Traunii, Sadeb. . 54
Wat8oni,^ori. . . 34
watsoniatia, Vogtherr 33
Welwitschii, Dyer . 44
Lantana

salvi folia, Linn. . .516
Lasiostelma
somalense,

Schlechter . . .473
Leptadenia .... 430
abyssinica, Decne. . 432
cordata, Hochst. . 431
Delilii, Decne. . . 432
Forslcalli. Decne. . 432
gracilis, Decne. . . 433
hastata, Vatke . . 431
hastatum, Decne. . 431
heteropbylla, Decne. 431
heterophylla, Decne.

280, 383
jacquemontiana,

Decne 433

lancifolia, Decne. . 430
var.scaftra, Decne. 431
pallida, Hochst. . 432
pyrotechnica,D€cne. 433
schimperiana,

Hochst. . . . 432
Spartiura, Wight . 432
visciforniis, Vatke . 433

Page
Leptadenia {continued)

risciformis, Vatke . 257
Leptocladus

Thomsoni, Oliv. . . 505
Leptopatia . . 260, 268
Limnanthemum . . 583
abyssinicnm,

N. E. Br. . . . 584
ecklonianum,GT\%%\). 584
forhesianum,(jiY\&Q\i. 584
indicuro, Dur. & De

Wild 587

Kirkii, N. E. Br. . 585
nildticum, Kotschy

& Peyr. . . .585
orbiculatum, Griseh. 686
orbiculatum, Griseb. 586
Rautaneni,iV!^. -Br. 585
8onegaIense,i\^.^..Sr. 586
thunbergianum,

Griseb .^84

Whytei, N. E. Br. . 585

Linociera 19

angolensis, Baker . 20
congesta, Baker . . 20
gilgiana, Vol kens . 19
Johnsoni, Baker . . 20
Mannii, Solered. . 19
nilotica, Oliv. . . 19
urophylla, Gilg . . 19
Welwitschii, Baker 20
Lochnera ..... 118
rosea, Beichb. 118, 602

LOGANIACE^ . . . 503

Lycium

cinereum, Thnnb. . 600
cordatum, Mill. . . 60C

Macropelma

angustifolium, K.

Schum 241

Malouetia .... 194
africana, K. Schum. 195
Heudelotii, A. DC.

195, 609
sp., De Wild. . . 609
Margaretta . . . .372
Cornetii, Deiotvre

376, 618
var. pallida, De

Wild. . . .618
distincta, N. E. Br. 371
Holstii, K. Schum. . 374
orbicularis, A^. E. Br. 375
rosea, Britt. . . . 374
ios3a, Oliv. . . .373
rosea, Oliv. . . . 375
Whytei, K. Schum. 374
Marsdenia .... 417

Page
Marsdenia [continued)
angolensis,V.^..5r. 423
bicoronata, K.

Sebum 417

crinita, Oliv. . . . 418
efulensis, iV. E. Br. 423
fiorihunda, N. E.Br. 422
glabriflora, Benth. . 424
var. orbicularis,

N. E. Br. . . 425
latifolia, Schlechter 425
leonensis, Benth. . 424
profusa, N. E. Br. . 425
pr'ofusa, N. E. Br. . 410
racemosa, A'. aSc^ww. 425
rhynchogyna, K.

Schum 416

rubicunda, iV. £'. .Br. 421
Schimperi, Decne. . 419
spissa, S. Moore . 420
stelostigma, K.

Schum 619

Taylori, Schl. cO

Bend 422

umbellifera, K.

Schum 422

zambesiaca,

Schlechter . . .420

Mascareuhasia . . .193

caustica, K. Schum. 194

elastica, K. Schum. 194

variegata, Britt. &

Rend 193

Mayepea 19

ofricana, Knobl. . 20
Mannii, Knobl. . . 19
nilotica, Knobl. . . 20
Welwitschii, Knobl. 21
Menyanthes

indica, Thunb. . . 584
indica, var. /3, Lam. 586
Meristostylus . . . 544
Microloma
pyrotechnicum,

Spreng. . . . 433
Microstephanus . . . 288
cernuus, N. E. Br. 288
Monetia

barlerioides,L' Hent. 23
Monobothrium

Schimperi, Hcchsl. . 573
Monostemma

aphyllum, Tiircz. . 400
tetrapterum, Turcz. 400
Monothylacium . . 490

Morinda

longijiora, G. Don . 543

Mostiiea 504

angulana, Hlern. . 510

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

(;3'.)

Page
Mostuea {continued)

Batesii, Baher . . 506
Brunonis, Didr. . 505
Buchholzii, £Jngl. . 505
Camporum, Gilg . . 509
congolana, Baker . 509
densiflora, Gilg . . 508
Dinklagei, Gilg . . 508
Duchesnei, Z>e iVild. 623
erythrophylla, Gilg . 506
fuchsiaetblia, BaJcer. 507
gabonica, Baill: . 509
Gilletii, Be Wild. . 623
grandi flora, Gilg . 507
hirsuta, Baill. . . 509
Lujsei, Be Wild. &

Bur 506

microphylla, Gilg . 505
neurocarpa, Gilg . . 508
orientalis, Baker . 508
penduliflora, Gilg . 505
poggeana, Baker . 510
rubinervis, Engl. . 508
rubrinervis, Engl. . 508
schumanniana, Gilg 508
Schweinfurtbii,

Baker _ . . . .510
taysmansiana, Be

Wild 623

Thorasoni, Benth. . 505
ulugurensis, Gilg . 506
Walleri, Baker . . 507
Zenkeri, Gilg . . . bOl

Motandra 224

'Ejv\dLiigQx\,K.Schum. 613
(jlabrata, Baill. . .222
guineensis, A. BC.

224, 613
guineensis, Hiern . 225
Lujaei, Be Wild. <i:

Bur. . . 225,613
pyramidalis, Stapf . 225
rostrata, K. iSchum.

226, 613
viridiflora, K.

Schum 613

welwitschianay'QiiiW. 223

Nanostelma . . . .411
congolana, Baill. . 411
congolanum, K.

Schum 411

Nathusia

alata, Gilg . . .16
alata, Hiern ... 15
var. tonientella,

liiern ... 17
alata, Hocbst. . . 16
golungensis, 0. Kze. 14

Page

Pace

Nathusia (continued)

Omphalogonus . .

. 2.-)6

Jlolstii, Engl. &

calophyllua. Baill.

. 256

^ilg . . .

17

Oncinotis ....

. 220

trichoclada, 0. Kze

15

Mxillaris, A'. Schum

. 216

Nerium

Batesii, Stai>f .

. 221

coronarium, Jacq.

127

campanulaia, A'.

divaricatum, Linn.

127

Schum. .

■J 2 2

scandens, Thonn.

197

chlorogena, A'.

Neiirotheca ....

559

.Schum. . .224

612

Baumii, Gilg . .

562

glabrata. Stapf .

222

congolana, Be Wild.

glandulosa, Stapf

& Bur

562

221

, 611

corymbosa, Hua

562

gracilis, Stapf '2'2:i

, 612

cxacoides, Gilg . .

562

birta, Oliv. . Ti:

,612

loeselioides, Oliv. .

560

melanorephala, K.

longidens, N. E. Br.

560

Sciiuni. . . .

219

robusta, Hxia . . .

.561

nitida, Benth. '221

012

riipicola, Hua . .

561

subsessilis, A'.

Schlechteri, Gilg .

561

Schum. . . 221

,612

Nuxia

511

tenuiloba, Stapf .

222

angolensis, Gilg . .

514

thyrsiriora, A'.

congesta, H. Br. .

512

Schum. .

612

Dekiadtii, Gilq . .

514

zggodioideif, K.

dentata, E. Br. . .

513

Sebum. . . .

•J 11

fiorihunda

Oncostemma . .

41U

var. IlolstU, Gilg

515

cuspidatuni, A'.

goetzeana, GVg . .

514

Schum. . . .

410

Holstii, Gilg . . .

515

Ophelia

Mannii, Gilg . .

512

fimhriath, llochst. .

573

odorata, Gilg . .

513

Orelia

oppositifolia, Benth.

513

grandijiora, Aubl.

118

platyphylla, Gilg .

512

Orthanthera . . . .

433

polyantba, Gilg . .

513

albida, Schinz . .

434

rupicola, Gilg . .

514

hrowniana, Scl.inz .

435

sambesina, Gilg .

514

jasniinitli.ra,

usamharemis, Gilg .

515

N. E. Br. . . .

434

Volkensii, Gilg . .

515

striata, Hiern . .
Orthostemoii

434

Octopleura

erectum, 11. Br. .

558

loeselioides, Spruce .

560

Kirkii, N. E. Br. .

.^•.-,8

var. compacta.

Oxysteliua . . . .

382

Oliv

560

(Fggptiarum, Decne.

383

var. grandijiora.

Alpini, Decne. 27i»

383

Knobl. . 561,

562

eeculentuni

Odontostclma

var. Alpini,

Welwitsehii, Rendlo 365 |

iV. L\ Br. . .

382

Olea

17

Secamone, K.

chrysophylla, Engl.

18

Sebum

3€3

chrysophylbi, Lam. .

18

eurupiea, Linn. . .

18

Pachycarpus ....

.376

var. nubica,

coticolor. E. Mryer .

377

Schioeivf. . .

18

corniciilatu.s,}{i>chst.

341

var. sativa, DC. .

18

Galpinii. .V. E. llr.

377

Hocbstetteri, Balcer

17

ma' rocliibis,

laurifolia, HocbHt. .

17

X. E. Br. . . .

376

laurifolia, L.im.

18

McKcnii, A'. E. Br.

377

sonialiensis, Balcer .

18

rbinophvllns,

uiAlulata, Jacq. . .

18

A'. /•;. lir. . .

.377

OlEACEvE ....

1

scaber. A'. E. lir. .

377

(Uo

inde:^ of genera and species.

Page
Pachycarpns [continued]
8chiDzianus.>.V.^.^r. 376
transvanlensis,

N. E. Br. . . .376

validuP, N. E. Br. . 377

Pacbypodium . . . 230

Lealii, Wt!iv. 230,614

Pacouria

cra$8ifolia, Hiern . 44
fiorida, Hiem . . 39
parvifolia, Hiern . 57

Parasia 551

dehilis, Hiern . . 552
gracilis, Hiern . . 551
grandis, Hif^rn . . 553
platijptera, Hiern . 553
primrdijlora, Hiern . 553
Parquetina

gabonica, BHill. . . 258
Pentarrhinum . . . 378
abyssinicum. Dccne. 379
var. angolenst",

N. E. Br. . .379
abyssinicuni, De

Wild. & D.ir. . 379
fascicidatum, K.

Schum 381

insipidum, Hiern . 379

insipidum, E. Meyer 378

Pentatropis . . . .380

cynancboides.i?. i5r. 380

var. sene2;alensi8,

N.E. Br. . .381

fascicnlatus,

N. E. Br. . . . 381

hoyoides, K. Schum. 381

se.negalensis, Decne. 381

spiralis, Decne. . . 381

var. lonqepetiolata,

Engl". . . . .381

Pergularia .... 426

adenopbylla, Sold. &

K. i^chum. . . .619
africana, iV. E. Br. 426
jasminijiora, Burch. 435
sanguinolenta,

Britten . . . .427
sanguinolenta,

Lindl. . . . .245
tomentosa, Linn. . 386
Perianthostelma . . 390
Perinerion

Welivitschii, Baill. . 212

Periploca 256

Afzelii, G. Don . . 258
apbylla, Decne. . . 257
latifolia, K. Schum. 255
linearifolia, Dill. &
Rich 257

Page

Periploca {continued)

nigrescenp, Afzel. . 258
wi^rjcarjs,Schlechter 258
ovata, Poir. . . . 289
petersiana, VHtke . 420
Preussii, K. Schura. 258
Secamone, Del. . . 383
Seramone, Linn. . 279
sylvestris, Retz. . . 414
venosa, Hoch%t. . . 264

Perithryx . . . .254
glabra, Pierre . . 254

Petalostemma

Chenopodii, E. Br. . 292

Piarantlius .... 478
fascicularis, Hort. . 475

Picralima 96

klainenna, Pierre . 96

Platynntium
lor anthi folium,
_Warb 22

Pleiocarpa .... 97
bicarpellata, Stapf . 99
breyiloba, Stapf . . 102
camerunensis, Stapf 102
flavescen8,5fap/101, 600
micrantha, Stapf . 100
raicrocarpa, Stapf . 102
mutica, Benth. . . 98
pycnantba, Stapf . 99
rostrata, Benth. '. . 98
salicifolia, ASfo/;/". . 99
tubicina, Stapf 101, 600
Welwitschii, A^^Yop/. 100

Pleioceras .... 165
Afzelii, Stapf . .166
Barten, Baill. . .166
Gilletii, Staff 167, 604
Whytei, Stapf . . 604
Zenkeri, Stapf . . 166

Pleurostelma
africanum,

Schlecfiter .- . . 262

Plumeria 119

afiicana, Mill. . .120
rubrn, Linn. . . . 120

Plumiera

rosea, K. Schum. . 120
rubra, K. Suhum. . 120

Podostelma .... 289
Schiraperi,A'.iS'cAw7n. 290
xScA/mper/, K.Schura. 419

Pcederia

owariensm, Spreng. 50

Polyadoa . . ". . .103
EUiotii, Stapf . . 104
umbellata, Stapf . 103

Prosopostelma . . . 390

Pterophora . . . .417

Pa^e

Pterotaberna. . . . 125

inconspicuH, Stapf . 126

Pterygocarpus

ahyssinicus, Hochst. 421

Pycilobotrya . . . . 202

miiltiflora,A'.iScAi/7J2. 203

nitida Benth. . . 202

Pycnosphaeru . . . 564

Bucbanani,xV.£^.^r. 565

trimera, Gilg . . . 564

Raphiacme . . . .269
aw^oZe7i«i«,K. Sebum. 272
broianeana.

Schlecbter . . .273
globosa,K. Schum. . 271
grandiflora, K.

Sebum 270

linearis, K. Sebum. 270
linearis. Scbleehter 614
longifolia,K.^Q\\\xm. 275
macrostemon, K.

Sebum 614

sjjlsndenx, K.Schnm. 614
Raphionaem'^ . . . 268
angoleiisis, JN/.A". J5?'. 271
Brownii, Scott- Elliot 273
denticulata,A"..£J.i5r. 275
excisa, Schlechter . 272
globoaa, K. Schum. 271
granditlora, 3'. E. Br. 270
jurensis, X. E. Br. . 272
lanceolata, Schinz . 274

var. latifolia,

iV. E. Br. . .274
linearis, A'. Schum.

270, 614
var. plabra, A'.

Schum. . . .270
Loandse, Schlechi. &

Rend 275

longifolia, N. E. Br. 274
splendens, Schlechter

271, 614
volubilis, Schlechter 262
Welwitscbii,

Schlecht. (0 Rend. 273
Raphistemma'

cdiatum, Hook. f. . 388
Rauwolfia .... 108
eaffra, So7ider _ 110, 601
var. natalensis,

Stapf. . . .111
cardiocarpa, K.

Sebum 113

congolana, De Wild.

&Dur. . . ^ . .115
Cumminbii, Stapf

il4, 601

INDEX OF GENEKA AND SPECIES.

(Ul

Page
Rauwolfia {continued)
dichotoma, A'.^'c/mm. 116
Gcetzei, Stapf . .113
(joniodada, K.

Schum 110

inebrians, jK. >S'c/tMW. 112
inebrianti,K. Schum.

112, 113
leucopoda.K.Schum. 110
liberiensiH, iStoj)f . 601
lonpeacuminata, Be

Wild. & Bur. .116
niacroph)lla, iS'<a/>/. 110
.Mannii. >Stapf . .113
moinbasiana, iSVrt^?/". 114
monopyrena, K.

Scliuni 115

nalalensis, Sond. . Ill
obliquinervis, StapJ . 112
obscura, K. Schum.

117, 602
ochrosioides, K.

Schum Ill

ochrosioides, K.

Sebum 113

pleiosciadica, K.

Sebum 115

Preussii, K. Schum. 114
rosea, K. Schum. . 114
Senegambice, DC. . 115
senegambica, A. DC. 115
Stuhlmaiinii, K.

Schum 115

Volkensii, Stapf .116
vomi'toria, Afz. 115, 601
Welwitsebii, Stapf . 110
Rhynchostigma

brevipes, Benth. . . 287
Lujcei. De Wild. &

bur 287

parvifiorum, Benth. 288
racemosum, Benth. . 287
Rioereuxia .... 465
/o»^»^ora,K. Schum. 460
prol'usa, A. E. Br. . 465
splendida, K. Schum. 466
torulosa, K. Sabum. 466
jRondeletiu

Jioribunda, G. Don . 164
Itoupellia
5rra<a,Wall.&Hook. 170

Sacleuxia

salicina, Baill. . . 241
Salacia

nitida, .Y. E. Br. .415

Salvadora .... 23

cra8sinervia,llochst. 23

paniculata, ilochst. . 24

Page
Salvadora (continued)

persiea, Oarcin . . 23
Salvadokace.t-: . . 21
Sarcocodon
codonoidcx, K,

Schum 480

specioHUx, N. K. Br. 480

Sarcoci/phula. . . . 300

(rerrardi, H;irv. . 400

Sareoetemma . . . 383

andongense, Iliern . 385

(tphyllum, W. Br. . 400

ophillum, Hochsr. . 384

JJaltoni, Deeiic. . . 385

nudum, C. Sm. . . 385

pyrotechnicum,

Roem. & Sch. . . 433
sp.y Hook. . . . 384
tetrapteruvi, Turcz. 400
vimiiiale, B. Br. . 384
Welwitschii, Hiern , 385
Schinziella .... 557
tetragon a, Gi/y . . 557
Schizocalyx

cnriaceus, Hochst. . 22
Schizo^'lossum . . . 353
ab}'6sinicum, K.

Schum 356

aeiculaie, N. E. Br. 363
alpestre, K. Schum. 364
angoleiise, ScM, d-

Bend 364

angustissimum, K.

Schiim. . . . 357
barbatum, Britt. &

Bend 362

Baumii, Schlechter . 361
Carsoni, X. E. Br. . 366
chlorojodinum,

-V. E. Br. . . . 366
connatum, .Y. E. Br. 356
debeersianum, K.

Schum 618

debile, Schlechter . 359
i^ihuncinm, N.E.Br. 371
dolichoglosflura,

.V. E. Br. . . . 367
elatum, K. Schum. . 357
Elliotii, Schlechter . 359
erubescens,

Schlechter . . .359
eximium, X. E. Br. 370
filipes, Schlechter . 360
firmum, N. E. Br. . 368
fuscopurpureura,

Schl. cb Bend. . 361
Goetzei, K. Schum. . 371
Grantii, Oliv. . . 370
gweleiise, X. E. Br. 360

Pago
Schiznglosflum [ron-
tinned)
Hvidiflorum, K.

Schum 307

niacrogloBHum, A'.

Schum 618

masaicMm, X. E. fir. 358
7nu////b/iH7/?, N.E.Br. 363
Nyasre, Jiritt. H:

It^'ird 363

pethcrickianuiii,

Oliv 308

Bcypho.stignirt, K.

Schum 372

fihircnsc, X. E. Br. . 301
ftimulans, X. E. Br. .369
upathuUitum, K.

Scliuni 312

ppuriuin, X. E. Br. 367
sirictisBimuni, S.

Moore .... 358
tricorniculatum, K.

Schum 31(1

truncatulnm, K.

Schum 3(13

riolacenm,K.'!ic\uixn. 348
viridulutu,A'..ScAM77i. 362
Welwituchii,

-V. E. Br. . . . 305

Whytei, X. E. Br. . 357

Schizostephanus . . 390

ahtus, Hochst. . . 398

iiomalien8ij<,

N. E. Br. 399
Scliizozjgia .... 135
cntfseoides, Baill. . 13.')
Schlechter eUa

ofrlcina, K. Schum. 262

Sclirt^bera .... 13

alata, Welw. . . Ifj

alata, Welw. . . 15

var. tomenttUa,

Welw. ... 17
Buchanani, Baker . 14
goetzeana, Oila . . 16
^ol'ingensis, Welw. . 14
HoLstii, (rdy ... 17
obliquifolioiatA, GiUj 16
oligantha, (rily . 14

plaryphvlla, Gily . 15
tomeiitella, Irily . . 16
frichocladn, ll'ehr. . 15
Welwitschii, (rilg 15

Schiiltesia .... 559
senegalen^is, Baker . 559
stenophyila

var. latiroHa,.V<irr. 559
Sclero<lictyon

yriJ'unianum,l*ietTO 87

642

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

Scytanthus .... 490

Burkei, Hook. . . 491

Currori, Hook. . . 491

«j5 , J. C. Bv. . . .491

Sebi^a 546

affinis, Wehv. . . 549
barbeyiana, Schinz . 549
hrachyphylla, Engl. 548
hrachyphylla,

Griseb. . . 548, 549
hrachyphylla,

Hook. f. . . .549
chironioides, Gilff . 550
crassuleefoh'a, Cham.

db Schl. . . .547

var. hreviflora,

Scbweinf. . . 548
involucrata,

Klotzsch . . .566
leiostyln, Gilg . . 548
multinodis, ^V. E. Br. 548
oreopbila, GUg . . 547
prateiisis, Gilg . . 550
schimperiana,

Buching. . . . 548
Welwitschii, Schinz 550
Secamone ..... 276
acntifolia, Soiid. . 250
Afzelii, K. Sebum. . 280
Alpini, iSchtdt. . . 279
emetica

var. glahra, K.

Sebum. . . . 282
erytbradenia, K.

'Schum 278

floribunda, N. E. Br. 282
frutescens, Decne. . 283
gracilis, X. E. Br. .278
Kirkii, X. E. Br. . 285
leonensis, X. E. Br. . 281
micrandra, K.

Schum 281

mom\)&sic9.,X.E.Br. 284
myrtifolin, Benth. . 280
platystigraa, K.

Schum 280

punctulata, Decne. . 284

var. stenopbylla,
X. E. Br. . . 284
retusa, N. E. Br. .279
ruhiginosa.K.Sclmm. 287
tsansibariensis, K.

Schum 282

Scbweinfurtbii, K.

iSchum 284

stenophylla, K.

Sebum 284

Stublmannii K.

Schum 283

Page
Secamone [contiuued)
Thunbergii, E. Mey. 279
usambarica.X^'.^r. 281
Whytei, X. E. Br. . 283
zanibesiaca,

Schlecliter . . .285
Sideroxyhim

toxiferum, Tbunb. . 95

Slevogtia 563

orientalis, Griseb. . 563
Solenostemma . . . 402
Argel, Hayne . . 402
Sphfeiocodon . . . 411
caffnuii, Schlecliter . 412
lonqipedunculata,

k. Scbimi. . . .404
melananthus,

N. E. Br. . 412, 619
natalensis, K.

Sebum 412

natalense, Bentb. . 412
ohtvsifolia, K.

Sebum 412

obtusifolium, Bentb. 412

Stapelia 500

Ango, A. Eicb. . . 488
atrosanguinea,

N. E. Br. . . . 485
cylindrica, Hort. . 475
digitolifiora, Pfersd. 494
gigantea, N. E. Br. 501
kwebensls, X. E. Br. 501
TO«croca7-j5a, N.E.Br. 498
macrocarpa,

Martelli . . . .497
vaga, X. E. Br. . 501
Sfathmostelma . . .313
angtcstatum, K.

Sebum 344

bicolor, K. Schum. . 344
fruticosa, Scblccbter 617
gigantiflora, K.

Sebum 326

glohuliflorum, K.

Sebum 341

incarnatum, K.

Sebum 340

laurentiana,

Dewevre . .. . 342
macropetalum, Scbl.

& K. Sebum. . . 616
odoratum, K.

Sebum 325

pachycladum, K.

Sebum 325

pauciflorum, K.

Sebum 345

peduncidatum,,

Schlecliter . . .343

Page
Stathmostelma {con-
tinued)
pedunculatum, K.

Sebum 341

refiexum, Britt. &

Rend 345

rhacodes, K. Sebum. 343
rostrata, X. E. Br. . 617
Welwitschii^ Britt. &

Rend 342

Stomatostemma . . 252
Monteirose, X. E. Br. 253
Stropbantbus . . .167
amboensis, Engl. S

Pax . . . 185, 608
arnoldianus, De

Wild. & Bur. 179, 607
asper, Oliv. . 186,609
Barteri, i^ra»c7<. -177, 607
hracteatns, De Wild.

&Dur 177

bracteatus, Franch.

177, 606, 607
bullenianus, Jiasf.

175, 606
congoeusis, Franch.

185, 608
Courmonti, Sad. 182, 608
var. fallax,

Holmes . . .183
var. Kirkii,

Holmes ... 183
d'Autran, Heckel

187, 609
Demeusei, Dewevre

184, 608
Dewevrei, Gilg . . 607
Dewevrei, De Wild. 179
du X'iger, Blondel . 186
ecaudatus, Rolfe

183, 608
Emini, Asch. & Pax

172, 605
erythroleucus, Gilg

178, 607
Fischeri, Hartw. .172
gardeniiflorus, Gilg 605
Gilletii, De Wild. . 608
glaber, Cornu . .170
glabre du Gabon,

Blondel .... 170
gracilis, K. Schum.

& Pax . . 175, 606
grandijloruSy Gilg

182, 607
gratus, Franch. 170, 604
hirta, Poir. . . . 174
hispidus, A. P. DC.

174, 606

INDEX OF CiENEllA AND SPECIES.

043

Pajje
Strophanthus {con-
tiyuied)
hispidus, Hardv &

Gallois . .' . .170
hispidus, Oliv. . . 173
var. Komhe,

HoliDes . . . 173
holosericens, A'.
Schum. cO Gilg

171, 605
intermedius, Pax

185, 608
Klainei, De Wild. . 606
Kombe, Oliv. 173, 606
Kurzfrilchtiger, Pax

187, 609
laineiix du Zamhtze,

Blondel .... 186
laurifolius,K.V.J)Q. 607
laurifolius, Pax . . 180
Ledienii, A^teiyi 171, 605
minor, Christy 186, 609
rairabilis, Gilg 186, 609
Nicholsoni, Holmes

172, 606
yiger, Christy . . 186
ogovensis, branch.

181, 607
Ouahaio, Holmes . 170
Paroissei, Francli. . 180
parviflorus, Franch.

178, 607
parvifolius, K.

Schum 608

penduhis, Kumm. &

Hook 180

petersianus. A7o^2;3cA

182, 608
var. amboensis,

Schinz. . . . 186
var. grandiflorus,
N. E. Br. 181, 607
pierreanus, De Wild. 605
Vvtyx^m^Engl.dc Pax

176, 606, 607
sarmentosus,

A. P. DC. . . 180
var. eusarmen-

tosus, Pax . . 180
var. major,

Dewevre . .180
var. pendxdus,

Pax ... . 180
var. verrucosus,

Pax ... . 182
sarmentosus^ K.

Schum. . 181, 607
var. verrucosus,

Pax ... . 607

Page
Strophanthus {con-
tinued)
scaler. Pax . . .176
»Schlcchter i, K.

Schum 175

Schuchardti, Pax

184, 608
^Senegal, Pax . 187, 609
Senegambice, A. DC.
sp.^ Gerrard . . .
sp., Meckel . . .
8{). , Helbing . .
spp., Pax ....
stanleyanus, Hort. .
Stuhlmanni, Pax .
t/iierryanus, K.
Schum. & Gilg.

175, 606
Tholloni, Franch.

171, 605

Tholloni, De Wild. 605

Verdichii, De Wild,

var. latisepalus,

De W.hl. ..

verrucosus, Stapf

181
Welwitschii, Gilg ,
Welwitschii, K.

Schum 183

White, Helbiug 187,609
wildemanianus,
Gilg. . . 179,
Strychnos ....
abyssinica, Hochst. .
aculeata, Solered. .
acutissima, Gilg . .
Afzelii, Gilg . . .
alnifolia, Baker . .
angolensis, Gilg . .
Barteri, Solered.
behrensiana, Gilg &
Busse ....
brachyura, Gilg . .
Buettneri, Gilg . .
Burton i, Baker . .
Carvalhoi, Gilg . .
cerasifera, Gdg . .
chlorocarpa, Gilg .
chrysocarpa, Baker . 529
chrysophylla, Gilg . 525
cocculoides. Baker
congolana, (jfilg .
dekindtiana, Gilg
densiflora, Baill.
Dewevrei, Gilg .
Dinklagei, Gilg .
diBtichophylia. Gilg
dysopliyUa, Bentk.
emarginata, Baker

180
93

187
187
187
170
172

608

608

607
608

607
517
93
520
524
522
532
522
523

531
534
535
533
535
531
521

533
521
534
528
521
520
525
533
537

StrychnoH {continued)
Englen", Gilg . . .
ervUirocarpa, Gilg .
euryph^lia, (Jilg tt

Busse . . . .
p-ihcheri, (rilg . .
fieri bunda, (f'lg .
Gilietii, JJe H'ild. .
Gfetzei, Gilg . . .
gracilliraa, Gilg . .
giierrkoana, Gilg .
lienriquesiana, Z/aA-«r
henrique«iann,{ji\\g .
heterodoxa, Gilg
HoUtii, Gilg . . .
Jcaja, Baill. . . .
innucua, J^el. . .

var. 2>iif^^^<^f^^,
Sniered. . . .
Kipapa, Gilg . .
laxa, Sulered. . .
loandensis, Baker .
Lukua, A. Rich,
longecaudata, Gilg .
lucens, Baker
malacoclados, C. H.

Wright ....
malifolia, Baker
Marquesii, Baker
niegalocarpa, Gilg fC*

Busse ....
melastomoides, Gilg
microcarpa. Baker .
Miniungansjmba,

Gilg. . . . .
Moloney i, Baker
myrtoides, Gilg tt

Busse ....
nigritana, Baker .
Occident a I is, Solend.
omphalocarpa, Gilg
(L Buss^ . . .
panganensis, Gilg .
peniluliflora, Haker .
pungent), Solered. .
Quaqua, Gilg . .
randiceformii, B&ill.
sanHibariensis, Gilg .
scandens, Sch. &

'rhi)nn

Sch«ffleri, Gilg . .
BchunianniaDa, Gilg
Schweinfurthii, Gdg
sennensia, Baker .
sp., Bentli. . . .
spinosa, Lam.

var. pubesccDB.
Baker . . .
splendens, Gilg . .

Page

532
522

526
535
527
624
534
536
521
528
530
530
529
528
532

533
521
536
523
536
527
524

523
525
530

526
527
525

536

527

531
523
530

525
526
531
530

533
535

44

537
624
525
529
524
536

537
524

G44

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

Strjchnos {continued)

Staudtii, (?ilg . . 528

Stuhlmanni, Gilg . 529

suaveolens, Giljs: . . 528

suberosa, De Wild. 624

suhscandens , Baker 524

Tonea, GiUj . . .527

•triclisioides, Baker . 533

Unguacha, A. Bich. 534

var. dschurica,

Gilg .... 534
var. dysophylla,

Gilg . . . .533
var. grandifolia,

(xiig . . , .534
var. micrantha,

Gilg . . . .532
var. microcarpa,

Gilg . . . .534
var. polyantha,

Gilg '. . . . 534
var. Steudneri,

Gilg . . . .533
usambarensis, GUxf . 526
variabilis, De Wild. 623
Vogelii, Baker . . 523
Volkensii, Gilg . . 536
Vuntac, Bojer . . 536
Wakefieldii, Baker . 532
Welwitschii, Gilg . 524
Welwitschii, Hiern

523, 524
xerophila, Baker . 534
xylophylla, Gilg . . 526
Zenkeri, Gilg . . 529
zizyphoides, Baker . 522

Hweertia 570

Swertia 570

abyssinica, Hbchst. . 578
brevipedicellata,6^% 577
calycina, N. E. Br. 574
clarenceana,^ooA;./. 578
crassiuscula, Gilg . 576
cui-tioides, Gilg . . 580
(Tissimilis, .Y. B. Br. 679
Eminii, Engl. . . 580
Engleri, Gilg . . 575
erosula, iV; E. Br. . 572
filicaulis, Gilg . .577
iwambensis,

iV: E. Br. . . . 574
intermixta, A. Rick. 383
Johnsoni, iV. E. Br. 572
kiliinandscharica,

Engl 573

Lastii, Imgl. . . .579
ManDii, Hook. f. .581
mm\m A. Gilg . . . 575
multicaulis, Engl. . 575

Page
Swertia {continued)

petitiana, A. llich. . 517
pleurogynoides,

Baker .... 582
polyantha, Gilg . . 580
porphgranthajBaker old
puirnla, Engl. 575, 576
p I] rail a, Hochst. . .bib
qnartiniana,yl. Rich. bl\
Ricliardi, Engl. . . bib
Schimperi, Griseb. . 573
Sharpei, N. E. Br. 581
stellarioides, i'Vca/Ao 581
subalpina, N. E. Br. 578
tetrandra, Hochst. . 582
usambarensis, Engl. 580
Volkensii, Gilg . . 576
Wellbyi, N. E. Br. bll
Welwitschii, Engl. . 581
Whytei, iV. E. Br. . 579
wojeratensis,

^\ E. Br. . . .577

7 aberncemontana

130, 140, 151
africana, A. DC. . 150
angolensis, Stapf . 147
Barter i, Hook. f. .133
brachyantha, Stapf . 148
hrachypoda, K.

Schum 137

contorta. Stapf . . 142
coronaria, Willd. . 127
crassa. Bentb. . . 145
crassa, Cummins . 145
crispiflora, K.

Scham 139

dipladeniiflora,

Stapf .... 129
divaricata, E. Br. . 127
durissima, Stapf . 144
eglandulosa, Stapf

138, 139
elegans, Stapf . .150
erythrophthalma,

K. Sebum. . . 196
grandiflora, Hook. . 150
Holstii, Engl. . .146
incequalis, Pierre . 132
inconspicua. Stapf . 126
jollyana, Pierre . . 144
longijlora, Benth. . 142
7w.aZ(Xcqe?WJ5,flook, f. 126
mborensiflj^./S^cAzfrn. 150
nionopodialis, K.

Schum 131

nitida, Stapf ... 97
pachy siphon f Stapf . 146
peduncular is J Wall. 126

149
143
147
148
133

Page
Taherncemontana {con-
tinued)
pendulifiora, K.

Scbnra. . . .
Smithii, Staf)f .
stapjiana, Britt. .
stenosiphon, Stapf
subsessilis, Benth.
Tlionneri, De Wild.

& Diir 143

trialata, Pierre . . 126
usambarensis,'E.n^. 149
ventricosa, Britt. . 149
ventricosa, Hochst. 149
Volkensii, K. Schum. 116
Tabernanthe . . .
albiflora, Stapf .
Bocca, /Stapf . "" .
Iboga, Baill. . .
Jboga, Oliv. . 123, 124
Maiinii, Stapf . .123
subsessilis, Stapf
tenuiflora, Stapf .
Tacazzea ....
africana, .V. E. Br
apiculata, Oliv. .

var. benedicta,
Scott-EUiot .

var, glabra, K.
Schum. . .
Barteri, Baill. .
conferta, JV. E. Br.
floribunda, K.

Schum 266

Kirkii, ^^. E. Br. . 26S
Martini, Baill. . . 264
nigritana, X. E. Br. 265
pedicellata, K.
Schum. .

var. occidentalis
i\: E. Br. .
rosmarinifolia,

X. E. Br.. . 263, 614
salicina, Schlechter 614

122
124
122
124

. 123
. 124

. 260
. 261
. 267

. 267

. 267
. 266
. 265

262

^ 263

ThoUoni, Baill. .

. 266

venosa, Decne. .

264

var. Martini,

JV. E. Br. .

264

verticillata, K.

Schum. . . .

265

volubilis, X. E. Br

262

Welwitschii, ^ai7;.

264

Tachiadenus

CGntinentalis, Baker 554

Tavaresia. . . .

493

angoiensis, Welw.

493

Barkiyi, X. E. Br.

494

Tenaris ....

472

rostrata, X E. Br.

473

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

G45

Page
Tenaris {continued)
somaliensis,

N. E. Br. . . .473
siibaphylla,3:£'.^r, 4V3
Volkensii, K.

Schuiu 474

Tithyirtalus

pendulus, Haw. . . 385
Torenia

spicata,' Kn^]. . . 558
loxicophlcea
spectabilis, Tbia. -

Dyer .... 95
Thunhergii, Harv. . 95
Thunbergii, Sender . 95
Toxocarpus . . . .286
africanus, Oliv. . 280
brevipes, N. E. Br. 2^1
parvifloru8,'iV. E. Br. 288
racemosus, ^.jE". J5r. 287

Traunia 417

albiflora, K. Sebum. 419
Tricbocaulon . . . 489
officinale, iV. E. Br. 489
pedicellatum, Scliinz 490
Tylopbora . . . .404
Adalinse, K. Schum. 410
anfracta, N. E. Br. 408
apicuiata, K.

Schum 407

bojeriana, Decne. . 408
caffra, Meism . .412
cameroonica,

JY. E. Br. . . . 407
cirrosa, Ascbers. . 381
conspicua, JV. E. Br. 405
dabomeneis, K.

Schum. 619

heterophylla, A.

Kich 404

incana, Brunn. . . 431
longipeduncxdata,

Scblecbter . . .404
oblonga, N. E. Br. . 408
oculata, ^\ E. Br. . 406
ortbocaulis, K.

Schum 410

plagiopetala, Schl. d'

K. Schum. . . .618
silvatica, K. Sebum. 408
Btenohha, N.E.Br.. 409
sylvatiea, Decne. . 407
syringcefolia,

Spruner .... 431
tenuipeduneulata,A'.

Schum -iOO

Tylopboropsis . . . 403
heteropbylla,

S\ E. Br. • 403

Page

Unguaclia

Simiarum, Ilocbst,
Usteria 517

guineensis, WUld.

volubilis, Alzel. .

Vahadenia ....
Lsimen\i\, Stapf . 30,
Vahea
coTiwrcnsis, Bnj. . .
elastica, Kl. . . 50,
florida, F. Muell. .
Heudtlotii, F. Muell,
Kirkii, Sadeb. . .
oicarietisis, F. Muell.
senegalensis^ A. DC.
senegambcnsis,

var. Traunii,
Sa<leb. . . .
iomentosa, I,epr.
Traunii, Sadeb. , .
Vdlaisia
orbicalata, G. Don .
seneguleiisis, G. Don
586,
Vinca
fol. oblongo-ovatis,

Mill.

Vincetoxicum . .
Adalince, K. Sebum.
heferophgllum,

Vatke ....
Hohtii, K. Scbnm. . .
Mannii, Seott-Ell. .
2)olj/antliiim, K.

Sebum

aarcostemmoides ,

Scbweinf. . . .
Virchowia
afrncana, Vatke . .

Voaeanga

africana, Stapf 157,
africana, Stapf 156,

var, ? Stflpf . .
aiiguleiisis, Stapf .
angolensis, Stapf
angustifolia, K.

Sebum

Boebmii, K. Schum.
Bcchmii, K. Sehum.
bracteata, Stapf. .

var. laneeolata,
Stopf . 161,
bracteata, Stnpf . .
eaudittoia, *bV«/>/'.
cbalotiana, Pierre
deneitlora. A'.*St7iHn).
dichotnma, A'.

Schum

Pax-e

Voaeanga [continjed)

534

diploclilamyB, A'.

517

SchiLm

16U

517

hregei, E. Meyer .

\r>4

517

glabra, K. Sebum, .

i.'-.s

Jlohtii, Krigl. . .

146

29

Alain a, I'ierre . .

156

589

luteBcens, Stapf . .
obtusa, A. Scftum.

157

40

153

603

,56

obtusata, K. Sebum.

1.13

39

philoealyx, Pierrr .

l.'-.9

54

pu be ruin, K. Srhnni.

i.'-.e

56

Sclnceinfurthii, De

50

Wild

1.06

87

Schrveinfnithii, Dur,

& De \yild. .

158

var. jxirvijlora,

65

K. Sebum. . ,

15H

54

Scbweinfurtbii,

54

Stapf . . . .

If.:.

spcctabiliR, Stajf .

155

587

'J'houamii, Hiern .
Thouarsii, Ruem. d:

153

587

Sch

154

Zeiikeri, Stapf . ,

159

Voyria ..",..

569

119

platypetala, Baker .

570

390

primuloidee, Baker .

569

395

Wilhtghbeia

404

cordata, Kiotzseb .

40

392

peterstana, Klotzscb

48

394

senensitt, Klotzsch ,
hoodia

48

393

trilobata, Sehlecbler
Wrightia

306

400

AfzeLii, K. Schum. .

166

parvlfiora. Stapf .

166

47G

Stuhlmatitiii, K.

151

JScbura

198

603

zei/lauica, R. Br. ,

127

157

155

Xysraalobium , . .

29H

154

andongense, Ilitrn

156

309,
angolense, Scott-

616

111

Elliot . . .

308

161

barbigeruni.

157

y. E. lir. . . .

307

160

bellum, A. E. Br. .

311

Carsoni, N. E. Br. .

:u\t\

604

Cccil»e, A. E. Br. .

310

16(1

concolfjr, D. Dietr. .

378

60M

dccipienM, A'. E. lir.

15S

3t»l,

6 1 5

161

dispar, A. /;. Br. .
disMolutum, K.

307

161

Sebum

34«

()4r)

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Pag-
Xysmalobium {con-
tinued)
dolichoglossum, K.

Schum 3G8

fraternum, N. E. Br. 305
fritillarioides,

Kendle .... 327
gTAminenro, S.Moore 302
grande, N. E. Br. . 311
heudelotianutr,

Decne 304

fundelotianum,

Scott-Elliot . . 305
Holubii, Scott-

jUlliot .... 302
Holubii, Scott-EWiott 302
Solubt/i, Schlechter 615
invoIucratum,'Decxie. 302
lapathifolium K

Schum 307

Page

Page

Xysmalobium [con-

Xysmalobium [con-

tinued)

tinued)

leucotrichum,

spurium, N. E. Br.

307

N. E. Br. . .

615

trilobatum.iY.^. Br

306

membraniferum,

N.E.Br. . .

304

Zaczatea ....

269

orbiculare, Decne.

305

angolensis, Baill.

272

padi folium, Scott-

Zucc'hellia . . . .

269

Elliot . . . .

305

angolensis, Deone.

272

prismatostigma, K,

Zygodia ....

217

Schiraa

308

axillaris, Bentb.

210

reticulatum,

kindengensis, K.

N. E. Br. . . .

303

Schum. . . .

219

rhomboideum,

melanocephala,

N.E.Br. . . .

305

Stapf . . .

219

schumannianum, S.

myrtitolia, Bentb.

21&

Moore . . .

303

subsessilis, Benth.

218

sessile, Decne. . .

308

urceolata, Sta/)f .

218

jjpathulatum,

Zygonerion

N E. Br. . . .

312

Welicitschii, Baill.

18a

ERRATA.

Page. 26,
34,
89,
»»

94,
126,
139,
186,
225,
237,

240,
278,
281,
316,
381,
382,
512,
514,
546,

560,
564,
565,
569,
570,
572,

line 41, /or DiPLORRHYNCUS read Diplorhvncus.
,, 5,/or 403 rea^^ 401.
,, 18, after Ovules insert about 8.
bottom line, for ii. read"\.
line 19, for ser. 7 read ser. 1.

10, for malaccana read malaccensis.

10 from bottom, for D. Don read G. Don.

7, for Oilrick read Gilrick.
6 from bottom, for 1^-4 lin. read li-4 in.

18,/or 21 reoci 19.
37, for 19 read 20.
42, /or 20 read 21.
13, for TOVARESIA read Tavaresia.

8, for leonensc read leonensis.

24, for leonense read leonensis.

41, /or 13 read 14.

2, rfeZc & Arnott.

9 from bottom, /or 1-li lin. read l-lj in.
12, for Deklndti'i Tea.(\dekivdtianu.

10, for Dekindtii read dekindtiana.

4, for zomhensifi read zombense.

21, for zombensis read zombense.

29, for i, read ii.

25, for 10 read 11.
11 from bottom, for 11 rcati 12,

26, for 12 rmd 13.
10, /or 12 read 14.

9, for Emini read Eminii.