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FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA.

FLORA

OF

TROPICAL AFRICA

DANIEL OLIVER, F.R.S., F.L.S.,

KEEPER OF THE HERBARIUM AND LIBRARY IN THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, AND PROFESSOR
OF BOTANY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.

ASSISTED BY OTHER BOTANISTS.

VOL. I.

ranunculagejE to connarace^.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE FIRST COMMISSIONER
OF HER majesty's WORKS.

L. REEVE & CO., Ltd.,
LLOYDS BANK BUILDINGS, BANK STREET,
ASHFORD, KENT.

1868.

Printed in Great Britain.

PREFACE

The more original portion of the ' Flora of Tropical Africa ' is
based upon the very extensive collections that have accumulated
at Kew during the last ten years, sent home by the Botanists and
Collectors attached to various scientific and exploratory journeys
in Tropical Africa. The principal of these collections are
enumerated below.

From our very imperfect knowledge of the vegetation of many
parts of the Continent, even of those which have been long more
or less in European occupation, and from our complete ignorance
of that of the immensely larger area not yet opened up, the present
work must not be regarded as presenting anything like a complete
account of Tropical African Botany. It serves rather as a vehicle
for the publication of the important botanical results of much
recent expenditure of life, toil, and money, which would otherwise
have been lost to science or anticipated by other nations, and
(embracing references to all hitherto published African species) as
a repertory which it is hoped may be useful to Botanists, no less
than to future explorers and residents in Africa interested in the
natural productions and economic products of the country.

The number of species here described being doubtless much
smaller than the vast area of intertropical Africa must contain, it
has been necessary to go into greater detail, especially in the
descriptions of new species, than would have been the case had the
Continent been more thoroughly explored, and its botanical
novelties more nearly exhausted. In a well-explored area the
species may be determined by a few selected diagnostic characters ;

VI PREFACE.

but when few are known out of many presumed to exist, it is
impossible to say which may be the diagnostic characters of a
species and which common to others of the genus.

The ' Flora of Tropical Africa,' forming one of the series of
Floras undertaken, at the instance of the late Sir William J. Hooker,
under the authority of the Home or of Colonial Governments, it
is necessarily uniform in general plan with those which have been
already issued.

The principal features of this plan, as settled by Sir W. J.
Hooker, and described in his report,* are these : —

1st. The descriptions are drawn up in the English language.

2nd. The general sequence of Natural Orders adopted is that
of the ' Prodromus ' of De Candolle, being that which experience
has shown to be practically the most convenient. In accordance
with this sequence, British Botanists are accustomed to arrange
their Herbaria and works of descriptive Botany. In the more
detailed arrangement of the genera, the ' Genera Plant arum ' of
Messrs. Bentham and Hooker has been followed, and a reference
to that work is given with each genus.

With regard to the synonymy of the species here described,
while the authors have endeavoured to quote all names which have
been appUed to tropical African plants, they have not, in the case
of widely difiPused species, regarded it as either necessary or desir-
able to include their whole synonymy, the reliable citation of
which would have involved very much more time, labour, and
space than the end to be attained would warrant, besides that it
would be out of place in a special work of this kind. Any new
identifications of African with extra-African species are of course
recorded.

Those who are unaccustomed to the use of works of descriptive
Botany in the field, it may be well to caution in respect of the
dimensions of the various organs given throughout the work in
English feet, inches, and lines {j\ inch). The extremes quoted
are simply intended to include the usual or average range of size
* See ' Natural History Review,' 1861, p. 255.

PREFACE. VII

in the specimens examined by the authors, and which in nature
are often departed from according to circumstances favourable or
unfavourable to luxuriance, in which the plant may be placed. It
may be observed, however, that relative proportions often hold
good, while absolute size may be widely different. Nor must
undue importance be attached to the more prominent and briefly
expressed characters made use of in the synoptical tables which
are given under each genus of two or more species. These are
intended to serve rather as guides in the determination of the
species than as absolute or final indications, and must always be
checked by a comparison of the specimen with the more detailed
description.

In citing the several localities for each species, it has appeared
expedient to arrange them under six principal geographical regions
into which the enormous area embraced by this Flora has been
divided.* These are : —

1. Upper Guinea, including under this term the Western
Coast region from the river Senegal on the north to Cape Lopez,
immediately south of the equator ; the interior drained by rivers
intermediate between these limits ; and the small islands of the
Gulf of Guinea, Fernando Po, Prince's Island, St. Thomas and
Annabon.

2. North Central. The Sahara eastward to the countries
watered by the Nile and its tributaries, including also Bornu and
Haussa.

3. Nile Land. The area drained by the Nile, extending some
three or four degrees south of the equator, so as to include the
plants collected by Captains Speke and Grant, after leaving the
watershed coastwards on their way from Zanzibar to the Victoria
Nyanza.

4. Lower Guinea. Western tropical Africa, from Cape Lopez
southward to the tropic of Capricorn, including Congo, Angola,
Benguella, and Mossamedes.

* To the citation of localities, the sign (!) is added whenever a specimen has
been actually seen by the author. An asterisk (*) is prefixed to those species
which are believed to have been introduced.

yill PREFACE.

5. South Central. This includes the upper Zambesi from
the Victoria Falls, Lake Ngami, and a vast area as yet unexplored.

6. Mozambique District. Under this general term are
included, not only Mozambique proper, but Zanzibar, Zambesi-
land, and the coast region southward to the tropic.

The more important collections contained in the Kew Herbarium
from Upper Guinea are the following : —

1 . The plants collected by Dr. Theodore Vogel and his assistant
Mr. Ansell, on the Niger Expedition, organized by the African
Civilization Society, in 1841, and which formed the basis of the
' Flora Nigritiana ' of Dr. Hooker and Mr. Bentham, published in
1849. Besides the numerous specimens collected on the banks of
the Niger itself, this collection includes many from Sierra Leone,
Fernando Po, Accra, and other points touched at by the expedition.
These, of course, have been already published in the work
referred to.

2. The very large collections made by Mr. Charles Barter,
attached to the Niger Expedition under Dr. Baikie, in 1857, 1858,
and 1859, together with some specimens, sent home b}^ Dr. Baikie
himself.

3. The yet more important collections, made by Mr. Gustav
Mann, under the auspices of the Admiralty, in Fernando Po,
St. Thomas and Prince's Islands, Old Calabar, Cameroons
mountains, Corisco Bay, Rivers Muni and Gaboon, and the Sierra
del Crystal.

4. Collections made, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Abbeo-
kuta, by the late Dr. Irving.

5. A collection from Old Calabar and neighbourhood, made by
the Rev. W. C. Thomson, and transmitted to Kew by Professor
Balfour. Besides the above, the Kew Herbarium contains
valuable sets from Senegambia, collected bj^Heudelot and Leprieur,
communicated to Sir W. J. Hooker by M. B. Delessert, through
his curator, M. GuiUemin ; and a few collected by M. Bid j em,
communicated by Count Franqueville ; and from Sierra Leone,
collected by Don, Whitfield, iVIiss Turner, and others.

PREFACE. IX

Reference has also been made to the specimens contained in the
Herbarium of the British Museum, collected by Afzelius, Smeath-
mann, Dr. Daniell, and others, at Sierra Leone, and by Leprieur
and Perrottet in Senegambia.

From North Central our material is exceedingly scanty, being
almost limited to specimens collected by Dr. Edward Vogel in
crossing the Sahara, by way of Aghadem, and in Bornu and
adjacent provinces. A few plants are cited from this region, on
tlie authority of Robert Brown's ' Essay on the Plants of Oudney,
Denham, and Clapperton ' : the specimens collected by these
travellers are lost.

From Nile Land, there are at Kew excellent sets of : —

1. Dr. Schimper's Abyssinian collections, distributed by the
' Unio Itineraria ' of Wiirtemberg.

2. Dr. Kotschy's Kordofan and Nubian plants.

3. Abyssinian plants, collected b}^ Dr. Roth in 1841-42,
presented by the East India Company.

4. Abyssinian plants of Dillon, Petit, and others, communi-
cated by Count Franqueville, from the Richardian Herbarium in
his possession.

5. Upper Nile plants, collected by Mr. Petherick and Dr. Murie,
communicated to Sir W. J. Hooker by the former distinguished
traveller.

6. Nubian plants, collected by Dr. Bromfield.

7. Captain Grant's valuable herbarium, with his original notes,
formed in company with Captain Speke on their celebrated
expedition to the Victoria Nyanza.

8. A set of Dr. Schweinfurth's Nubian and Gallabat plants.

9. Specimens of a few resin-affording trees, from the Somali
country, communicated by Colonel Playfair.

We have also had the opportunity of examining the plants,
collected by Mr. Salt in Abyssinia, which were determined by
Mr. Brown, and enumerated in the Appendix to his travels,
contained in the Herbarium of the British Museum.

X PREFACE.

For our material from Lower Guinea, we are almost wholly
indebted to the courtesy of Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch, who, with
rare liberality, has freely granted us the opportunity of inspecting
his collections, which, in respect of judicious selection and
admirable preservation, are without rival. His carefully accurate
notes upon the fresh plants have also been at our service. Without
the access to Dr. Welwitsch 's Herbarium, this region would have
been comparatively a blank in the present work. There remain
but few Natural Orders treated of in the first volume, of which
we have not yet had the opportunity of inspecting his specimens,
and, of these, we may be able to embody the novelties in an
Appendix. To this distinguished naturalist I tender the warmest
thanks on behalf of my collaborators and myself.

A set of plants, from the Congo, collected by Professor Christian
Smith, and a few gathered on the banks of the same river by
Mr. Consul Burton, are in the Kew Herbarium, also a small
collection from Elephants' Bay, made by Dr. Curror.

South Central : from this region we possess a few plants,
collected by Drs. Kirk and Meller on the Upper Zambesi,* and a
small collection, made under adverse circumstances, by Messrs.
Baines and Chapman towards the southern tropic and about
Lake Ngami, in their adventurous journey from Waalvisch Bay
to the Upper Zambesi.

From the Mozambique District Kew possesses —

The large collections from the Zambesi, its tributary the Shire,
Lake Nyassa, and adjacent country, made by Dr. John Kirk, the
accomplished naturalist and medical officer of the Livingstone
Expedition, received in 1860-62. These collections are accom-
panied by valuable notes and drawings made upon the spot.
From the same region we have also a number of specimens,
gathered by Dr. J. Meller, attached to the Church of England
Mission, associated with Dr. Livingstone's Second Expedition,
and by Mr. Horace Waller.

* The bulk of the Upper Zambesi collections, made by Dr. Kirk, was
unfortunately lost.

PREFACE, XI

2. Plants, from the Rovuma river, collected by Drs. Kirk and
Meller.

3. A set of Dr. Peter's Zambesi and Mozambique plants,
determined by Dr. Klotzsch, communicated by the Royal
Herbarium at Berlin, from whence, also, we have been favoured
with the loan of unique specimens belonging to the same
Herbarium.

4. A few plants from Zanzibar, collected by M. Bojer, Captain
Speke, and Dr. Kirk, at present H.M. Vice-Consul at Zanzibar.

In working up this Flora, I have had the great advantage, in
every doubtful case, of being permitted to consult Mr. Bentham
and Dr. J. D. Hooker, whose large acquaintance with the flora of
tropical Africa, especially of the western coast, already studied by
them in the preparation of the ' Flora Nigritiana,' has enabled
them to afford me very material assistance. To Dr. Hooker I am
further obliged for the monograph of the genus Impatiens. I had
hoped that a considerable portion of this Flora might have been
worked up by him, but numerous official engagements and the
publication of the ' Genera Plant arum,' in conjunction with Mr.
Bentham, have altogether prevented his taking a larger and direct
part in this work. The preparation, however, for the ' Genera
Plantarum,' so greatly facilitates the elaboration of such works as
the present, that, indirectly, both Messrs. Bentham and Hooker
have largely contributed to the present volume. To my friend
Dr. M. T. Masters, F.L.S., and to mj^ colleagues in the Herbarium,
Mr. J. G. Baker, F.L.S., and Mr. W. B. Hemsley, I am also much
indebted, for so kindly undertaking the monographs of the various
Orders to which their names are affixed.

D. 0.

CONTENTS

Page

Class I. Dicotyledons 1

Subclass I. Polypetalse 1

Order I. Ranunculaceae 4

II. Dilleniaceae 11

III. Anonacese 13

IV. Menispermaceae 40

V. Berberidacese 50

VI. Nymphseacese 51

VII. Papaveraceae 53

VIII. Cruciferae 55

IX. Capparidaceae 73

X. Moringaceae 101

XI. Resedaceai 102

XII. Violarie® 104

XIII. Bixinese 112

XIV. Pittosporeae 123

XV. Polygaleae 125

XVI. Frankeniaceae 130

XVII. CaryophyUaceae 137

XVIII. Portulacese 147

XIX. Tamariscineae 15' >

XX. Elatineae 151

XXI. Hypericineae 154

XXII. Guttifer® 102

XXIII. Ternstroemiaceae H>->

XXIV. Dipterocarpeae 1"^

XXV. Malvaceae l"-"'

XXVI. StercuHaceae -l-i

XIV

CONTENTS.

Order Page

XXVII. Tiliaceae 240

XXVIII. Linese 268

XXIX. Humiriacese 275

XXX. Malpighiace* 276

XXXI. ZygophyUese 282

XXXII. Geraniaceae 289

XXXIII. Rutaceffi 303

XXXIV. Simarubese 308

XXXV. Ochnacese 315

XXXVI. Burseracese 322

XXXVII. MeHacese 329

XXXVIII. ChaUletiacese 338

XXXIX. Olacinese 345

XL. Hicinese 359

XLI. Celastracese 359

XLII. Rhamne* 377

XLIII. Ampelidese 385

XLIV. Sapindaceae 416

XLV. Anacardiacese 435

XLVI. Connaraceae 451

FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA,

Class I. DICOTYLEDONS.

First rudimentary leaves of the embryo opposite. Calyx and corolla
usually tetramerous or pentamerous. Leaves irregularly net-veined. Vas-
cular bundles of the stem confluent around the pith, increasing indefinitely
by additions to the outside.

The characters given in the following list of the Natural Orders which are included in
this volume, are subject to many exceptions, but few of which are indicated here. It is
proposed to give an Analytical Key to the Orders on the completion of the work.

SUBCLASS I. POLYPETALiE.

Petals distinct, rarely wanting or connate at the base.

Cohort!. Ranales. — Stamens indefinite {except Menispermacese), ^y;?o^yMOMJ (^j-
cejit Nymphsea). Carpels distinct^ free or immersed singly in the torus, rarely connate
below. Albumen usually copious. Embryo relatively small {except Meuispermaceae).

I. RANuNcuLACEja. Herbs with radical or alternate leaves, or shrubby climbers with
opposite leaves. Stipules 0. Sepals deciduous. Petals 0 in Clematis and Thalictrum.
Arillus 0.

IL Dilleniacej:. Shrubs with alternate, simple, exstipulate, often scabrid leaves.
Stipules 0. Sepals persistent. Seeds arillate.

III. ANONACEiE. Shrubs or trees, with alternate, entire, exstipulate leaves. Calyx and
corolla trimerous. Carpels indefinite. Albumen ruminate.

IV. MENISPERMACE.E. Climbing or twining shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves alternate,
exstipulate, usually palminerved. Flowers small, dioecious. Stamens 6 (3-9), free or
connate.

V. Berberidaceje. Shrub with fasciculate leaves. Sepals, petals, and stamens each iu
2 or 3 series of 3 each. Anthers dehiscing by valves. Carpel 1.

VI. Nymph^ace^. Floating herbs. Leaves orbicular or elliptical. Stamens indefi-
nite. Carpels free or consolidated.

Cohort II. VBxietaleii.— Stamens definite or indefinite, hypcgynous. Ovary syn-
carpous, with parietal flacent alien, \-celled or spuriously divided by cellular placentary
dissepiments. Ovules rarely solitary.

VII. Papavebace^. Herbs, with radical and alternate leaves. Sepals 2-3, deciduous
or caducous. Stamens indefinite or definite and diadelphous. Seeds albuminous.

VIII. Crucifer^. Herbs, with alternate exstipulate leaves. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Sta-
mens usually tetradynamous. Albumen 0.

VOL. I. n

2 DICOTYLEDONS.

TX. Capparidace^. Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, simple or muUifolio-
late ; stipules often aculeate. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite, rarely definite. Ovary often
stipitate. Albumen 0.

X. MoRiNGACE^. Trees, with 2-3-piunate, alternate leaves. Stameus 5 or 1 0. Albu-
men 0.

XI. RESEDACEiE. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or divided. Stipules mi-
nute. Calyx 4-7-partite. Petals 2-7 or 0 {Ochradenus) , lamina divided or entire.

XII. ViOLACE^. Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, stipulate. Petals 5. Sta-
mens 5. Connective produced beyond the anther-cells.

XIII. BixiNEiE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, simple. Stipules 0 or minute
(very rarely conspicuous).

Cohort 1X1. Polygalinere. — Sepals 5, unequal or equal. Petals 5. Stamens
5-6 or S,free or monadelphous, hypogynous. Ovary 2-merons.

XIV. PiTTOSPORE^. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, exstipulate. Flowers
regular.

XV. PoLYGALE^. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, exstipulate. Flowers
irregular.

Cohort IV. Caryophyllinese. — Sepals 2-4-5, free or connate. Petals 5, rarely
fewer or none, occasionally minute. Stamens 5-10 or oo, hypogynous. Ovary 1 -celled, with
free central or parietal (Frankeniacese) placentation, rarely septate more or less (Tamaris-
cinese). Albumen mealy.

XVI. Franreniace^e. Low herbs, with opposite, simple leaves. Placentas parietal.

XVII. Oaryophyllace^. Herbs often woody or wiry below. Leaves opposite, simple.
Flowers symmetrical. Stamens definite. Placenta free, central.

XVIIT. Portulace^. Herbs or shrubs, usually succulent. Leaves alternate or oppo-
site. Sepals 2. Placenta basal or free central.

XIX. Tamartscine-E. Shrubs, slenderly branched, with minute or rudimentary alternate
leaves. Sepals and petals each 4-6.

Cohort V. Guttiferales. — Sepals 2-6 or more, imbricate. Petals as many, rarely
more. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous. Ovary usually syncarpous, with axile placentation
{parietal in Allanblackia).

XX. Elatine^. Herbs or shrubs, with opposite simple leaves and small axillary her-
maphrodite flowers. Stamens definite.

XXI. HYPERTciNEiE. Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate,
simple, exstipulate. Flowers cymose, hermaphrodite. Stamens indefinite, often polyadel-
phous.

XXII. GuTTiFER^. Trees or shrubs, usually abounding in a yellow or greenish resinous
juice. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers usually dioecious or polygamous. Stamens inde-
finite, free or variously connate.

XXIII. Ternstrcemiace^. Trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple leaves. Flowers
hermaphrodite. Stamens indefinite, free or connate at the base.

XXIV. DiPTERocARPE^. Trces or climbing shrubs, with alternate, entire, penniveined
leaves. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx -lobes usually enlarged in fruit.

Cohort VI. Malvales. — Sepals or calyx-lobes valvate. Petals as many as sepals
or none. Stamens monadelphous or free, hypogynous. Ovary syncarpous, with axile pla-
centation.

XXV. MALVAcr.iE. Herbs shrubs or trees, with alternate leaves. Stamens monadel-
phous, with 1 -celled anthers.

XXVI. Sterculiace^. Herbs shrubs or trees, with alternate leaves. Stamens mona-
delphous indefinite or definite, or free and definite, with or without alternating staminodia.
Anthers 2-celled.

XXVII. TiLiACE^. Trees shrubs or herbs, with alternate leaves. Stamens indefinite,
free or shortly connate at the base. Anthers 2-celled.

DICOTYLEDONS. 3

Cohort VII. Geraniales. — Ovary more or less deeply sulcate or lohed, more rarely
entire (Linese, Humiriacese, Burseraceoe, Meliaceae, Chailletiaceee). Stamens hypogynous.
Ovules \, 2 or rarely indefinite, pendulous^ with a ventral raphe.

XXVIII. LiNEiE. Shrubs or herbs, with alternate or rarely opposite {Aneulophus),
simple leaves. Ovary undivided. Styles free or connate. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell.

XXIX. HuMiRiACE^. Tree, with alternate, coriaceous, glabrous leaves. Ovary undi-
vided. Connective of the anthers fleshy, produced beyond the cells. Ovules solitary.

XXX. MALPiGHiACEiE. Shrubs, usually climbing, with opposite or alternate {Acrido-
carpus) leaves. Sepals often with dorsal glands. Ovary lobed. Ovules solitary. Fruit-
carpels winged.

XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLEiE. Herbs or shrubs, with opposite or alternate (Nitraria), 1-2-
foliolate or pinnate leaves. Filaments often with a minute scale at the base. Ovary angled
or lobed. Ovules 1, 2 or more in each cell.

XXXII. GERANiACEiE. Hcrbs, rarely shrubs, with alternate or opposite, usually stipu-
late leaves, which are not pellucid-dotted. Stamens 5, 10 or 15, all or only part antherife-
rous. Ovary lobed. Ovules 1 or 2. Fruit usually with a central prominent beak.

XXXIIT. RuTACEiE. Trees shrubs or herbs, with opposite or alternate, simple or com-
pound, exstipulate, gland-dotted leaves. Ovary lobed, usually surrounded by or inserted upon
a fleshy disk. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell.

XXXIV. SiMARUBE^. Shrubs or trees, bitter to the taste, with alternate, simple or
compound, eglandular leaves. Filaments usually pilose or with an adnate scale. Ovary
lobed. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell.

XXXV. OcHNACE^. Shrubs or trees, with alternate, simple, glabrous, penuiveined, sti-
pulate leaves. Stamens 10-c3O. Anthers linear, often elongate. Ovary deeply lobed.
Fruit-carpels distinct, drupaceous.

XXXVI. BuRSERACE^. Trees or shrubs, usually abounding in resiu. Leaves alternate,
exstipulate, 3-foliolate or piunate, rarely 1-foliolate. Ovary entire. Ovules 2 or 1 in each
cell. Albumen 0.

XXXVII. Meliaceje. Trees or shrubs, with alternate, exstipulate, compound leaves.
Stamens 8-10, monadelphous (in African genera). Ovary entire. Ovules 2 or 4 to 10 in
each cell.

XXXVIII. Chatlletiace^. Small trees or shrubs, with alternate, entire, stipulate
leaves. Petals bifid. Ovary entire. Ovules 2 in each cell.

Cohort VIII. Olacales. — Ovary entire, l-oo-celled. Stamens hypogynous or
suhhypogynou^. Ovules 1-3 in each cell, pendulous, with a dorsal raphe. Seeds usually
albuminous.

XXXIX. OLACINE.S;. Trees or shrubs, erect or scandent. Leaves alternate, simple, ex-
stipulate. Petals free or connate, usually valvate. Ovary 1- or imperfectly 3-5-celled.
Ovules usually solitary in each division of the ovary. Albumen rarely wanting.

XL. Ilicine^. Glabrous shrub or tree, with alternate, simple, exstipulate leaves. Pe-
tals imbricate. Ovary 3-6-celled. Albumen copious.

Cohort IX. CelABtTKleB.— Disk fleshy, free or adnate to the calyx-tube. Stamens
rarely more than petals, inserted around or within the margin of the disk or hypogynous.
Ovules erect. Flowers small, usually hermaphrodite.

XLI. Celastrace^. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, simple. Petals
imbricate. Stamens alternate with the petals or only 3.

XLII. RHAMNACE.S:. Shrubs or trees, with simple leaves. Calyx-lobes valvate. Petals
small, concave. Stamens opposite to the petals.

XLIII. Ampelide^. Shrubs often scandent, with jointed stems and alternate, simple
or compound leaves. Calyx-lobes imbricate. Petals valvate, caducous. Stamens opposite
to the petals.

Cohort X. Sapindales.— 2)?J/t various. Stamens hypogynous or tubhypogynous.
Ovary entire or lobed. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, ascending, pendulous or laterally
affixed, rarely indefinite. Flowers most frequently unisexual or polygamous. Leaves
most frequently compound. Trees or shrubs^ rarely herbs.

4 DICOTYLEDONS.

XLIV. Sapindace^. Trees or shrubs, rarely frutesceat herbs, with alternate compoimd
leaves. Style 1. Ovules ascending or horizontal.

XLV. Anacardiace^. Trees or shrubs, usually abounding in a resinous juice. Leaves
rarely simple, alternate, often tufted at the ends of the branches. Styles 1-4, or stigmas
subsessile. Ovules solitary, suspended or laterally affixed.

Cohort XI. Rosales. Flowers regular or irregular^ usually hermaphrodite. Sta-
mens more or less distinctly perigynous. Styles distinct.

XLVI. CoNNARACE^. Trees or shrubs, with 1-3-foliolate or pinnate leaves. Flowers
regular. Stamens definite. Carpels free, 1-5. Ovules 2, ascending, orthotropous.

XliVII. Leguminos^. Trees shrubs or herbs. Leaves usually compound. Flowers
irregular or regular. Stamens definite or indefinite, free or connate. Carpel solitary.
Ovules 1-2-00, anatropous or amphitropous, attached to the ventral suture.

Order I. RANUNCULACEiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers regular or irregular {Delphmium) . Sepals 3 or more, usually 5,
often petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5, or more, or fewer, or 0. Stamens inde-
finite (sometimes few), hypogynous, free. Pistil usually apocai-pous. Carpels
1 or more. Ovules anatropous, ascending or pendulous, solitary or several.
Pruit of 1 or more achenes or follicles (in tropical African species). Seeds
with a fleshy albumen and very minute embryo, without an arillus. — Herbs,
with radical or alternate cauline leaves, or more or less woody, and then often
climbing with opposite leaves {Clematis). Leaves entire or divided, rarely
stipulate.

An Order, widely dispersed through temperate and cold climates, especially of the northern
hemisphere, but rare and generally confined to mountain ranges between the tropics. The
species are usually more or less acrid and caustic, many of them dangerously so. Two
genera. Anemone and Knowltonia, which are absent from the tropics, occur in the ' Cape
Flora.'

Stem woody, climbing or erect. Leaves opposite. Sepals valvate (rarely

imbricate). Petals 0 . . . 1. Clematis.

Herbaceous.

Flowers regular. Petals 0. Carpels 1-ovulate 2. Thalictruit.

Flowers regular. Petals 3-oo. Carpels 1-ovulate 3. Ranunculus.

Flowers irregular. Post, sepal spm-red. Ovules oo 4. Delphinium.

1. CLEMATIS, Linn. ; Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 3.

Sepals usually 4, rarely more, petaloid, valvate in aestivation, deciduous.
Petals 0, or smaller than the sepals. Stamens indefinite ; anthers linear.
Carpels indefinite, each with a solitary pendulous ovule. Achenes capitate.
Style persistent, in the African species growing out, after flowering, into a
long plumose tail. — Usually climbing, rarely erect shrubs, with opposite, pin-
nately or teniately divided, rarely simple leaves, and terminal or axillary,
panicled or solitary, white, cream-coloured, greenish or purple flowers.

A large genus, widely dispersed through temperate countries, occurring between the
tropics chiefly in mountainous regions. The tropical African species appear to be endemic
with one exception. Two of the most peculiar, C. chrysocarpa and C. Kirkii, are closely
allied to species native in Madagascar.

Stem erect, or nearly so. Flowers terminal, solitaiy or peduncles 1 -
flowered, in loose corymbose cymes.

Clematis.] I. ranunculace^ (oliver). 5

riowers solitary, terminating simple, more or less leafy stems, of
1-2 ft. or more. Leaflets 3-1, more or less obovate or linear-
oblong I. C. chrysocarpa.

Flowers loosely cymose. Leaflets 7-1} coriaceous, usually more or

less ovate, broadly lobed, toothed and incised 2. C. Kirkii.

Flowers loosely cymose. Leaves various, pinnati- or bipinnatisect ;

leaflets oblong-cuneate, acutely incised 3. C. Stanleyi.

Stem climbing. Flowers in terminal or axillary panicles, exinvolucrate.
Sepals spreading or reflexed at the time of flowering.

Leaflets variable, more or less ovate, obtuse or acute, irregularly and

broadly toothed or lobed, glabrous or pubescent 4. C. Thunbergii.

Leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate, denti-
culate-serrate or nearly entire, glabrous, rarely hairy below . . 5. C simensis.

Leaflets ovate, cordate or rounded at base, broadly toothed and lobed,
pubescent above, pilose or silky, often with prominent veins in
the older leaves, beneath. Axillary panicles equalling or shorter

than the leaves 6. (7. grata.

Stem climbing. Flowers axillary, solitary. Peduncles with a 2-leaved
involucre, or pair of bracts below the flower. Sepals scarcely

spreading 7. C. longicauda.

Stem climbing.

Calyx campanulate (sepals erect) at flowering 8. C. grandiflora.

1. C. chrysocarpa, Welw. mss. Erect, 1-2 ft. Branches grooved,
pilose or pilose-pubescent, sometimes glabrescent at base. Upper leaves
usually 3-foliolate ; lower often 1-foliolate, terminal or solitary leaflet from
linear-oblong or oblanceolate to obovate-cuneate, narrowed or more rarely
slightly rounded below, often 3-lobate, broadly toothed or subentire, dentate
only towards the apex ; teeth mucronulate, silky or sparsely pilose below, thinly
pilose, or glabrescent above, 1^^ in. long, 5-15 lines broad. Flowers soli-
tary, 1^-4^ in. diam., white ; sepals 4-6, broadly oblong or ovate-subacu-
minate, pilose or tomentose-pubescent externally or on both sides. Filaments
compressed, ' silky below, much longer than the anthers. Achenes silky-
pilose, with long plumose tails.

Nile Land. White Nile, Petherick ! waste ground, Usni, common (a broader-leaved
form), Speke and Grant!

Iiower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. ^(?/mY*cA./

Heads of fruit in Dr. Welwitsch's specimens, about 4 in. in diam., the tails of the achenes
being more or less recurved when dry. Clematis trifida. Hook. Ic. Plant. 79, a Mada-
gascar plant, is a near ally of this species.

2. C. Kirkii, Oliv, Branches shortly pubescent, tomentose at first, at
length nearly glabrous. Leaves pinnatisect ; the lower oblong in circum-
scription, with about 7 leaflets ; upper with 3 or reduced to a single one ;
leaflets coriaceous, more or less ovate 3-lobate and deeply toothed, obtuse ;
teeth obtuse, mucronulate ; of the upper leaves, narrow, acute or obtuse, in-
cised-dentate, pilose-pubescent beneath, excepting on the principal reticulating
veins, at length glabrescent, glabrescent above, H-2-| in. long, |-1| in.
broad. Flowers on erect peduncles, about l|-2 in. diam. ; sepals elliptical
or ovate-elliptical, obtuse or broadly and obtusely apiculate, thick and coria-
ceous, tomentose-pubescent on both surfaces. Filaments pilose below, con-
siderably longer than the anthers. Tails of the achenes soon more or less re-
curved after flowering.

6 I. EANUNCULACE.E (oliver). [Clematis.

Moramb. Distr. Mangauya hills, 3000 ft. alt., Dr. Kirk !

Nearly related to C. Bojeri, Hook. Ic. Plant. 10, of Madagascar, as weU as to C. Stanleyi ;
differiDg from the latter in the round-based petiolulate, coriaceous or rigid leaflets of the
lower leaves, the prominent venation beneath, and generally glabrescent or thinly pubescent
(not silky) foliage.

3. C. Stanleyi, HooJc. Ic. Plant. 589. Erect, 2-4 ft., more or less
caespitose, from a woody base, giving off, above the middle, axillary, erect,
1-flovvered, often bracteate peduncles, shortly tomentose, silky or pubescent.
Leaves very various, simply pinnatisect, .5 -foliolate, the lateral leaflets ob-
long-cuneate, acute, with but 1 or 2 lateral teeth, or leaflets 3-5 -fid, with
very obtuse segments, or leaves bipinnately divided, leaflets oblanceolate-
cuneate, acutely incised, more or less silky on both surfaces. Bracts usually
incised, 1 in. long or much less, at various distances below the flower.
Flowers 1^-2^ in. diam. Sepals 4-6, thick, closely tomentose, very ob-
tuse, broadly imbricate. Heads of fruit beautifully silvery ; plumose tails of
the achenes recurved.

Iiower Guinea. Huill.n and Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch ! Found also
iu the Macalisberg and Transvaal, south of the tropic.

4. C. Thunbergii, Steud.; Harv. Ft. Cap. i. 2. Climber. Branches
minutely pubescent or glabrous. Leaves various, pinnati- or ternati-sect,
occasionally bipinnately divided, with 3-foliolate pinnae ; leaflets ovate, ovate-
cordate or -lanceolate, broadly and unequally crenately toothed or incised ;
teeth mucronulate, thinly silky-pubescent or glabrate, 1-2^ in. long, 1-1^
broad, but very variable in size. Flowers f-2 in. diam., in axillary or ter-
minal, free- or many-flowered panicles. Buds, when diy, frequently pointed.
Sepals elliptic-oblong or broadly lanceolate, usually acute or narrowed above,
more or less silky or pubescent on both surfaces. Filaments compressed,
pilose or ciliate below. Carpels silkv. — G. hirsuta, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg.
i. 1.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet, Ingram !

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Ukidi and Madi, Speke and Grant!

liO^er Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Var. glaucescens. Abyssinia, Schimper I Billon. C. glaucescens, Fresen. in Mus.
Senck. ii. 268.

Dr. Welwitsch's specimens have larger flowers than the rest, but do not otherwise differ.

Very nearly allied to C. brachiata, Thunb., and doubtfully distinct. The acute flower-
buds appear generally to distinguish it, as pointed out by Dr. Harvey. G. brachiata, of
Schweiufurth and Ascherson's Enum. of Nile Plants, I presume to be the same.

5. G. simensis, Fresen. in Mus. Senck. ii. 267. Branches glabrous,
the extremities often minutely puberulous. Leaves pinnatisect ; leaflets mem-
branous, on rather long petioles, usually 5, 3, or reduced to 1 towards the
extremities ovate or ovate-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, base rounded
or subcordate except in the naiTOw-leaved forms, crenate-serrate ; the teeth
mucronulate usually glabrous on both surfaces, 2-4 in. long, 1-2 in. broad.
Unifoliolate leaves sometimes more or less deeply trifid. Panicles many-
flowered. Pedicels slender, ^1 in. Flowers about f in. diam. Sepals ob-
long or oval, obtuse or somewhat pointed, usually minutely pubescent outside,
shortly silky-hairy within. Filaments pilose below. Carpels hairy, tails 1 in.
or more in length.

Clematis.] I. RANUNCULACEiE (OLIVER). 7

Upper Guinea. Cameroons Mountain, climbing 20-30 ft., 4000-8000 ft., Slann I
Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, Mann !

Nile Iiand. Mountains of Abys3inia, Schimper !

liower Guinea. Bumbo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch I

Var. )8. Leaves hairy beneath. Aukober, Abyssinia, Roth !

A specimen in fruit only, with nearly entire leaflets, probably belonging to this upecies,
Congo, Smith ! Allied to C. mauritiana, Lara.

6. C. grata, JTall. PL As. Ear. 98. Climber. Branches pubescent.
Leaves piunatisect ; leaflets petiolulate, 5, 3, or 7, ovate, acute or obtuse, base
cordate, broadly and irregularly crenately toothed, occasionally 3-lohate,
pubescent or at length glabrescent above, silky-tomentose or pubescent beneath.
Axillary panicles shorter than or equalling the leaves. Flowers about | in.
diam. Sepals spreading or reflexed,. ovate, acute or subacute, silky ex-
ternally, pubescent or nearly glabrous within. Inner filaments more or less
pilose. — C. inciso-dentata, Eich. Fl. Abyss, i. 2. C. Petersianay Kl. in
Peters, Mossamb. 170. C. viridijlora, Bertol. Misc. Bot. xix. 7. t. 3.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Billon and Feiit ! Uganda, Speke and Grant I

Louver Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Peters I

In Asia, this species extends eastward to the Western Himalaya, reappearing in China.

Dr. Welwitsch collected in Pungo Andongo, Angola, a Clematis just coming into flower,
perhaps allied to this species. It has bipinnatisect leaves, leaflets or segments ovate-oblong,
distantly mucronate-serrate or toothed, and a large, terminal, erect, cymose panicle. Sepals
pubescent on both sides.

7. C. longicauda, Steud. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 3. Branches pilose.
Leaflets hairy and much reticulated on both surfaces ; petioles and petiolules
fulvous-villous. Involucral bracts broadly ovate or cordate-ovate, irregularly
incised, about 1 in. below the expanded flower. Sepals rather thick, densely
silky-pilose with fulvous (when dry) hairs, 1-1^ in. long. Filaments pilose.
Anthers minutely mucronulate.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper I

The only tropical African species belonging to De Candolle's section Cheiropsis.

The specimen in the Kew herbarium, received from the Paris Museum (n. 873 of
Schimper's 1853 collection), is in flower only, and ill accords with Richard's description,
based upon fruiting specimens.

8. C. grandiflora^ DC. Prod. i. 6. A slender climbing shrub. Leaves
usually pinnately 5-foliolate ; leaflets petiolulate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
acute or apiculate, usually more or less cordate at base, broadly crenate-
dentate or denticulate ; teeth mucronulate, thinly pilose beneath or glabres-
cent, 2-6 in. long, 1-3^ in. broad. Flowers greenish, campanulate, axil-
lary, usually solitary. Peduncles shorter than or equalling the leaves, with a
pair of small bracts near or below the middle. Sepals 1-1 i in., oblong or
ovate-oblong, shortly recurved at the apex, tomentose externally. Filaments
very slender, pilose, many times exceeding the anther. Softly plumose tails
of the achenes loosely spreading, 2-3 in. or more in length. — C. chloranthay
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1234.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius I and others.

Lower Guinea. Golungo Alto and Cazengo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch!

8 I. RANUNCULACE^ (oliver). ' {^Clematis.

C. aanzibarensis, Boj. in Loud. Eort. Brit. 228, I do not know. I have not- seen
any suflBicient description of it.

2. THALICTRUM, Linn. ; Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 4.

Sepals 3 to 5, imbricate in sestivation, early deciduous. Petals 0. Sta-
mens 5-8 or more numerous. Anthers linear or linear-oblong. Carpels
solitary or several (5-10), each with a solitary, pendulous ovule. Achenes
sessile or stipitate ; stigma deciduous or persistent. — Perennial herbs with
alternate, much-divided leaves with sheathing bases. Flowers usually pani-
cled, rather small, gi-eenish, purplish, yellowish, or white.

A considerable genus of temperate and alpine countries, most numerons in species in
Europe and Asia ; between the tropics confined to mountainous or elevated regions. One of
the following species is endemic and presents some remarkable peculiarities.
Carpel solitary, stipitate. Style elongate-filiform, longitudinally

stigmatose, persistent. Fruit-pedicels hair-like, very long . . 1. T. rhynchocarpum.
Carpels several (7-10), sessile ; stigma broadly ovate or subcordate,

with revolute margins, so as to appear conical and sessile upon

the young achene. Fruit-pedicels not lengthening 2. T. minus.

1. T, rhynchocarpum, Bill, et Rich, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xiv.
262. Stem erect, terete, glabrous, 4-10 ft. high. Leaves 2-4-pinnate;
leaflets simple or ternate, usually ovate or more or less cordate, 3-lobed or
broadly 3- 7 -toothed; teeth obtuse or minutely apiculate, glabrous. Panicle
diffuse, with numerous small, greenish flowers upon hair-like pedicels, which
grow out after flowering to 1-6 in. in length. Sepals 3 or 4, obovate or
broadly elliptical. Stamens usually 5-10, with apiculate anthers. Ovary
shortly stipitate. Achene strongly 3 -ribbed on each side, tapering below
into a slender stipe nearly its own length, above into the elongate style. —
T. longipedunculaium, Hochst. et Steud. in PL Schimp. Abyss.

Upper Guinea. Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, 10,000 ft., Jl/aw^/ Cameroons, 7000
ft., Mann !

Nile Land. Mountains of Abyssinia, Schimper ! Petit !

Occurs also south of the tropic in Orange Free State and Katberg.

One of the most remarkable species of the genus, differing from the more typical forms
in the solitary carpel and long persistent style, as well as in the remarkably long, capillary
fruit-pedicels.

2. T. minus, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 13, var. scabrivena. A glabrous or nearly
glabrous herb, attaining often several feet in height, with an erect or some-
what zigzag, glabrous, smooth or slightly furrowed stem. Leaves 2-3-pin-
nate ; leaflets 3-lobed or variously incised, rather glaucous below, with the
prominent veins scattered with microscopic setae. Panicle leafy.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper!

A variable species, widely spread in Europe and temperate Asia. Many of the more
marked varieties have been distinguished as species.

T. Schimperianum, Hochst.^ described in Schweinfurth's Fl. ^thiop. 78, I take
to be also a variety of T. minus. It is said to have the /fla^5 of T. ^^a-wo«<?«, Bernh.
Collected in the Bachit Mountain, Abyssinia, by Schimper.

3. RANUNCULUS, Linn. ; Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 5.
Sepals 3 to 5. (usually 5), imbricate in sestivation, early deciduous. Petals

Ranunculus.] I. RANUNCULACEiE (OLIVER). 9

3 to 20, each with a scale or pit near the base on the inner side. Stamens
indefinite, in small-flowered species often few. Carpels indefinite, each with
a solitary ascending ovule. Achenes capitate or shortly spicate, beaked with
the persistent style, which is often very minute. — Annual or perennial herbs,
with entire or divided radical leaves and usually alternate, rarely nearly op-
posite, leaves upon the stem. Flowers pedunculate, terminal or rarely axil-
lary or sessile and opposite to the leaves, yellow white or red.

A large genus of temperate and cold climates ; between the tropics, usually confined to
mountain ranges. Five of the Tropical African species appear to be peculiar to the conti-
nent ; but it is probable, were the entire genus thoroughly worked up, that some of them
would prove varieties or geographical races of more widely-spread species.
Aquatic plant ; the submerged leaves dissected, with filiform segments.

Flowers white. Carpels transversely wrinkled {Batrachium) . \. R. aquatilis.
Stems 2- or more flowered, exceeding the pinnatifid radical leaves.
Flowers pedunculate.
Lowest pinnae usually petiolulate ; segments ovate, obovate- or oblan-
ceolate-cuueate, 3-lobed and incised. Petals 5. Achenes nu-
merous 2. R. pinnatus.

Radical leaves pinnately laciniate ; segments linear or narrow-oblong.

Petals 10-15 or more. Achenes not very numerous . . . . Z. R. simensii.
Stems 1- or more-flowered ; peduncles exceeding or shorter than the
trifid radical leaves. Segments of the leaves obovate- cuneate, broadly
3-toothed or irregularly incised. Petals 5. Root fibrous, thickened,

long and tapering 4. R. oligocarput.

Peduncles shorter than or scarcely exceeding the radical leaves, which
are 3-partite, with deeply 3-fid, often incised segments. Petals 10

or more. Root fibrous, not thickened .5.2?. temberuii.

Stems 1- or more-flowered, not exceeding the radical leaves, which are

pinnatisect, with 3-4 pairs sessile ovate segments. Petals 5 . . 6. .K. oreophytus.
Flowers small, sessile or the low^r ones on short peduncles, leaf-opposed.

Leaves petiolate, 3-partite ; segments cuneate, incised T. R. distriaa.

1. R. aquatilis, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 26. Floating in fresh or brackish
water or creeping upon mud, with a branching flaccid stem, often long-drawn
out in running water. Submerged leaves divided into capillary, filiform or
narrow-linear segments, flaccid or moderately firm. Floating, or upper leaves,
more or less rounded in circumscription and variously lobed or cut, often
wanting. Flowers axillary, solitary. Stamens often very few.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, prov. Ouodgerate, Petit {ex Rich.), and var. capillacem, with
all the leaves divided into capillary segments ; Mount Silke, Schimper.—k very variable
species in the circumscription of its leaves and in the form of the lobes of the floating ones ;
like many other aquatic plants, widely dispersed over the globe.

2. R. pinnatus, Foir. ; DC. Prod. i. 42. Stems from a tufted rootstock,
erect or ascending, unless in marshy ground or amongst tall grass, 1-2 ft. or
more in height, loosely or shortly pilose or glabrescent, with more or less ad-
pressed short hairs above and on the peduncles, pilose with short spreading
hairs below. Lowest divisions of the radical leaves 3-fid or 3-partite ; the
teeth and lobes somewhat acute, glabrescent or with adpressed hairs above,
usually more or less loosely pilose beneath. Uppermost leaves sessile, 3-fid
or deeply incised, rarely entire. Sepals spreading or somewhat retlexed.
Head of achenes globose or broadly ellipsoidal. Achenes compressed, bor-
dered, glabrous, sides with scattered"^ tubercles, sometimes very few or none,
the carpels being nearly smooth. The tubercled carpels appear to be charac-

10 I. RANUNCULACE^ (oliver). [Rauunculus.

teristic of the species, but the smooth-carpelled forms are connected by inter-
mediates, in which the minute tubercles are few or nearly solitary. Beak of
the achenes stout, slightly or not at all hooked. — R. membranaceus, Fresen.
in Mus. Senck. ii. 207 (ex descr.). R. «^na^««, Hochst. ; llich. Tl. Abyss,
i. 8.

Nile Xjand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Parhyns !

liOTeer Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Z)r. Welwitsch !

Mozamb. Distr. Marenga M'khali (6° 44' S. lat.), Speke and Grant! Zarabezia,
Br. Kirk!

Var. extensa^ Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 5. A weak, sometimes rooting variety,
with the lower leaflets on rather long petiolules ; the achenes much fewer, nearly or quite
smooth, with a subulate, uncinate beak. Probably a distinct species. It is nearly allied to
a species from Madagascar in the Kew herbarium. — Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, 8500 ft.,
Mann !

3. R. sixnensis, Fresen. in Mvs. Senck. ii. 269. Erect or ascending
from a tufted rdotstock, giving off strong fibrous roots below, from 3 in. to
1 or 2 ft. high, with few scattered hairs. Leaves sparsely pilose or glabres-
cent ; lobes obtuse. Peduncles with adpressed hairs. Sepals spreading.
Head of achenes short, rather broader than long ; achenes compressed, gla-
brous, with a rather short, triangular-subulate, more or less hooked beak. —
R. Schimper ianus, Hochst. ; Eich. Tl. Abyss, i. 4.

Nile laand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Var. stagnalis {R. stagnalis, Hochst. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 5). Leaves pinnately- or pal-
mately-partite ; segments 3-tid or incised, with lanceolate or oblong teeth. Early flowers
small, on rather stout curved lateral peduncles. — Abyssinia, Schimper !

4. R. oligocarpus, Hochst.; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 5. A low, diffuse
herb, with long, rather fleshy, tapering root-fibres and w^eak spreading stems,
3-12 in. long. Teeth of the 3-fid radical leaves rather acute or obtuse,
sparsely pilose or glabrescent. Peduncles with loose, spreading hairs. Car-
pels few, compressed, very shortly beaked.

Nile Xjand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

5. R. tembensis, Fresen. in Mus. Senck. ii. 271. Low plant with a
tufted rootstock, giving off numerous strong fibres below, more or less pilose,
with loose spreading hairs. Lobes of the leaves scarcely acute, loosely
pilose. Petals rather narrow, oblanceolate, numerous. Carpels more or less
compressed, smooth, glabrous, with a flattened, triangular-subulate, acute,
scarcely hooked beak. — R. dertropodiuSj Steud. ; Eich. Fl. Abyss, i. 5.
{? R. stenocarpus, Steud. ; Eich. I.e. 6).

Nile Eiand. Abyssinia, Schimper!

I have not seen Fresenius's specimens, but his description is sufficiently detailed to enable
me to identify at least one of the synonyms quoted satisfactorily.

6. R. oreophjrtus, Delile in Ann. So. Nat. Ser. 2. xx. 89. Herb of
2 or 3 inches. Leaves radical, pinnatipartite ; lateral segments in 3-4 pairs,
more or less ovate, each usually with a lateral tooth on each side, subsessile ;
hairs few and long or none. Scape very short, not exceeding the leaves.
Petals 5, obovate-oblong. Fruit undescribed. — Ferret et Galinier, Voy.
Abyss, iii. 87; Atlas Bot. 13. R. tenuirostris, Steud. in Schimp. Herb.
Ahyss.,^de Eich. Fl. Abyss, i. 4.

Ranunculus.] I. RANUNCULACEiE (OLIVEU). 11

Nile Ijand. Abyssioian mountains, at a great elevation, Galinier^ Schimper.

7. R. distrias, Steud. ; Rich. FL Abyss, i. 7. A diffuse annual herb,
with a fibrous root and numerous spreading or ascending, leafy, glabrous or
loosely pilose stems. Leaves all or nearly all petiolate ; segments with
3 or more incised, unequal, rather acute teeth, glabrous or with few scattered
hairs. Flowers small. Petals oblanceolate. Achenes usually 8-15, com-
pressed, with a very short beak, the sides tubercled or smooth.

Var. a. Carpels smooth {R. distrias, Steud.).

Var. b. Carpels tuberculate {R. cuneilobus. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 7. t. 3.)

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! and Dillon {Rich.).

Nearly related to R. parvifiorus^ Linn., of which species it may be a marked variety.

4. DELPHINIUM, Linn. ; Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 9.

Flowers irregular. Sepals 5, petaloid, posterior one prolonged into a spur
behind. Petals 2 or 4 (2 posterior, each prolonged into a spur within the
spur of the posterior sepal ; 2 lateral, when present, ecalcarate). Stamens in-
definite. Carpels 1-7 (3 in the Tropical African species), sessile, free, multi-
ovulate, follicular when ripe. — Erect, annual or perennial herbs, with alter-
nate, palraately-lobed or -dissected leaves, and showy racemose or panicled,
blue purple red white or rarely yellow tiowers.

A considerable genus, confined to the north temperate zone ; some species affecting moun-
tainous, others dry and hot situations. The only tropical African species extends to the moun-
tains of the Dekhan in India.

1. D. dasycaulon, Tresen. in Mus. Senck. ii. 272 (sect. Delphinastrum,
DC). Stem erect, branched or simple, |~3 ft., shortly pilose with spread-
ing hairs or sometimes glabrescent below, with few scattered petiolate leaves.
Kadical leaves roundish-reniform or -cordate, broadly and deeply 5-lobed ;
lobes broadly and irregularly incised, 3-6 in. diam. ; cauline leaves deeply
5-partite ; segments acutely 3-lobed, unequally, acutely and remotely incised,
more or less pilose above and below. Eacemes rather loose, hairy, with
linear bracts. Flowers blue ; sepals hairy externally, especially towards the
slightly recurved obtuse spur, which is about half as long (or little more) as
the posterior sepal ; calcarate posterior petals cartilaginous ; limb broadly
linear, oblique, obtuse, 2-fid \ limb of anterior petals bilobate, pilose. Cai-pels
3, shortly pilose or tomentose.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, in mountainous situations. Salt ! Schimper ! and others.

Order II. DILLENIACEiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Sepals 5 (3-7), broadly imbricate, persistent. Petals 5 (2-7 j, imbricate,
deciduous. Stamens hypogynous, in African species indefinite, free, or the
filaments very shortly coherent ; anthers innate, dehiscing longitudinally or
by terminal pores. Carpels free, rarely cohering ; ovaries 1-crlled, with 1
or more ovules. Styles distinct, diverging ; stigmas simi)le. Fruit-carpels
(in African species) dry, coriaceous, 1- or few-seeded, dehiscing by one or
both sutures. Seeds with a very minute embryo and fleshy albumen, fur-
nished with an arillus.— Trees or shrubs, usually climbing, or herbs, with al-

12 II. DILLENIACE^ (oLIVEr).

ternate, rarely-divided, simple leaves. Stipules 0 or inconspicuous. Flowers
usually white or yellow, hermaplirodite or sometimes unisexual.

A considerable tropical and Australian family, of which . the only African genus belongs
to a Tribe {Belimees) characterized by peuniveined, often scabrous leaves, and filaments
dilated at the apex.

1. TETRACERA, Linn. ; Hook. f. and Benth. Gen. PL i. 12.

Sepals 4-7, coriaceous. Petals as many or fewer. Stamens indefinite,
free or very slightly coherent below ; filaments dilated at the apex ; anther-
cells minute, on the margin of the dilated connective, approximate or distinct
at the apex, more or less divergent or nearly parallel below, dehiscing longi-
tudinally. Carpels free, usually 3, with several or numerous ovules upon
the ventral suture, when ripe coriaceous, dehiscing by both sutures or by
the ventral suture only. Seeds 1-5 in each carpel ; ariUus laciniate. —
Usually climbing shrubs, with denticulate or entire, often scabrous leaves,
the lateral nerves parallel with the margin. Plowers usually white, paniculate ;
panicles terminal and from the axils of the upper leaves.

A genus of 20 to 30 species, widely dispersed through the tropics of both the New and
Old World. The African species are all endemic, though nearly allied to Brazilian and
Indian species.
Panicles usually many-flowered, exceeding the leaves.

Tlowers f in. diam. or less. Leaves glabrescent or with adpressed
hairs beneath.
Sepals densely silky-hairy within. Leaves usually distinctly den-
ticulate above \. T. obtusata.

Sepals glabrous or nearly so within. Leaves entire or obscurely

denticulate above 2. T. alnifoUa.

Flowers few, scarcely or not exceeding the leaves, nearly 1 in. diam.

Leaves oblanceolate, denticulate, tomentose beneath, rugose above. . Z. T. Boiviniana.

1. T, obtusata. Planch, in Hb. Kew. Branches scabrous. Upper
leaves obovate or "elliptical, usually obtusely rounded and denticulate at the
extremity, either narrowed into the petiole or rounded at the base, more
or less scabrous and often with scattered hairs on the upper surface, the
midrib and strong lateral nerves with appressed hairs beneath, 1^-3 in.
long, 1-li in. broad ; petiole \-\ in. long. Panicles with appressed hairs'
or glabrescent and scabrid. Pedicels shorter than or exceeding the lanceolate
or ovate bracts, rarely over 3 lines, or flowers subsessile. Plowers 3-6 lines
in diam. Sepals either nearly glabrous or with silky appressed hairs outside,
silky within, usually ciliolate. Minute anther-cells usually distinctly sepa-
rated by the apex of the connective, but variable. Ovaries glabrous or hairy.
—T. alnifoUa, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 401 {non Willd.).

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don ! and others. Senegarabia. Abbeokuta, Irving I
Var. eriantha. Flowers about \ in. diam. Sepals silky outside. Fernando Po,
Mann !

2. T. alnifoUa, Willd. Sp. PL ii. 1243 {non DC). Branches smooth
or obsoletely scabrous. Upper leaves broadly elliptical or obovate-elliptical,
rounded or cuneate to the petiole below, rounded obtuse or obtusely
pointed at the apex, entire or obscurely denticulate, glabrous glabrescent or
with appressed hairs beneath, smooth or slightly scabrid, 3-6 in. long, \\^

Tetracera.] ii. dilleniace;e (oliver). 13

3^ in. broad. Petiole 4-10 lines, often slightly winged, glabrous or ciliate.
Pa'nicles glabrous or with loose or appressed deciduous hairs. Flowers 4-8
lines diam. Sepals glabrous thinly hairy or puberulous outside, glabrous
usually within. Carpels glabrous or nearly so. — T. senegalensls, DC. Syst.
Veg. i. 401. T. obovata, DC. 1. c. T. scadra, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 203.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Whitfield ! Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! and others ;
Brass, and near the Nun river, T. Vogel ! Barter ! Mouth of Niger and Fernando Po,
Mann ! etc.

Iiower Guinea. Golongo Alto, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Var. Leaves narrowed into the petiole {T. rugosa^ G. et P. Fl. Seneg. 321). Senegal,
Perrottet !

Through the courtesy of Dr. Garcke, I have had the opportunity of examining the ori-
ginal specimens of this plant in "Willdeuow's herbarium.

3. T. Boiviniana, Baill. in Adans. vii. 300. t.l. An erect or ascending
shrub of 2-8 ft. Leafy branches sparsely pilose, glabrescent below. Leaves
obovate-lanceolate or -oblong; apex rounded, obtusely pointed or acute, nar-
rowed at the base, denticulate or seiTate, rugose, rather scabrous and with
short scattered hairs above, tomentose beneath, with prominent lateral
nerves, 3-5 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad. Petiole 4-8 lines. Peduncles and
short pedicels pilose-tomentose. Flowers in few-flowered terminal cymes,
9-15 lines diam. Sepals slightly pilose within. Anthers ovate or ovate-
oblong ; cells nearly parallel or slightly divergent below. Carpels 3-4, gla-
brous, or densely hairy and glabrescent when ripe and about twice as long as
the sepals.

Var. Carpels glabrous.

LiOwer Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Dr. Welwitsch !

Var. Carpels densely hirsute.

Mozanxb. Distr. Rovuma river, Drs. Kirk and Meller 1 Zanzibar, Br. Kirk I Boivin.

Order III. ANONACE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Sepals 3, distinct or more or less connate. Petals 6, in two series, or
rarely 3, one series being suppressed, free or shortly connate at the base, val-
vate or imbricate in aestivation. Stamens indefinite, numerous (10 or fewer
in Clathrospermum) , free, usually closely imbricate upon a convex or rarely
plane torus ; filaments short or 0. Anthers adnate, linear, cuneate or quad-
rate, the connective usually produced, or truncate and dilated above the
cells. Pistil of several or numerous free carpels, or syncarpous with a one-
celled ovary {Monodora), or the ovaries cohering or separately imbedded in
the fleshy torus {Anona). Stigmas capitate, sessile, or styles ovate oblong
linear or subulate, usually sulcate and stigmatose at the apex or along the
inner face. Ovules 1, 2, or more, basal and erect, or attached to the ventral
suture in one or two series (in Monodora, parietal, indefinite). Fruit-carpels
distinct, 1- or several-seeded, sessile or stipitate, usually indchiscent, or se-
parately immersed in a pulpy or coriaceous fruit {A?iona), or simply cohering
{Plptostigma), or united into a globose or ovoid, many-seeded, woody or
coriaceous capsule {Monodora). Seeds with a copious ruminated albumen,
with or without an arillus. Embryo minute, near the hilum.— Trees or
shmbs, sometimes climbing or scrambling. Leaves alternate, simple, entire,

14 III. ANONACE^ (OLIVER).

exstipulate. Mowers axillary, terminal, or variously extra-axillary, solitary
or fascicled, rarely cymosely racemose or panicled, sessile or pedicellate,
hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual.

A large Order, confined to tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. Of the
13 genera included in the Tropical African flora, 6 are peculiar, 6 are shared with Asia
and the East, and but 2 (Anona and Xylopia) are common to Africa and America. From
the numerous additions which have been recently made to this family from Tropical Africa,
it is probable that there yet remain many new forms to be discovered which may materially
modify the circumscription of the genera. Under the circumstances, I have preferred to
leave a few species doubtfully assigned, rather than attempt a general and premature revision
of the Order. I have left unnoticed here several specimens too imperfect for satisfactory
description in the herbaria which I have examined.
Pistil syncarpous. Ovary 1-celled with indefinite parietal ovules.

Outer petals usually wavy 13. Monodora.

Carpels indefinite, the ovaries connate or immersed in the torus,

each with a solitary erect ovule 1. Anona.

Carpels 3 or more. Ovaries free.

Petals 3, opposite to the sepals 2. Enantia.

Petals 6, or 3 alternate with the sepals.

Inner petals much exceeding the outer 3. Piptostigma.

Petals nearly equal or inner smaller.

Inner petals imbricate in aestivation 4. Uvaria.

Inner petals valvate in sestivation, or very small and dis-
tinct.
Calyx closed in bud, splitting across the top .... 5. Cleistochlamys.
Calyx 3-lobed, or of 3 free sepals.

Stamens 10 or fewer 6. Clathrospermum. )

7. (Poltalthia ^.) S
Stamens indefinite, numerous.

Petals connate at the base in a short ring ... 8. Hexalobus.
Petals free.

Flowers upon sharply-hooked, woody peduncles.
Petals nearly equal. Ovules geminate, erect . . 9. Artabotrys.
Flowers axillary. Inner petals shorter. Torus
plane or concave in the centre. Styles con-

nivent in an elongate cone 10. Xylopia.

Flowers axiUary. Inner petals shorter, more
or less connivent. Torus convex. Styles or
sessile stigmas distinct. Ovules 1-3 . . .11. Oxymitra.
Flowers extra-axillary. Inner petals shorter,
connivent, thick and triquetrous above. Con-
nective not dilated above the anther-cells.

Ovules solitary 11. Oxymitra.

Flowers terminal or extra-axillary. Inner pe-
tals not thickened. Connective dilated and
globose or truncate above the anther-cells.

Ovules 2- GO 12. Unona.

(See Uvaria scabrida.)
Flowers extra-axillary, polygamous. Petals equal,

narrow-linear. Ovules 1 or 2 7. Polyalthia.

1. ANONA, Linn. ; Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 27.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, usually small and valvate in aestivation,
free or connate below. Petals 6, or the 3 inner suppressed; outer petals
fleshy or thick and coriaceous, concave, at least at the base, spreading or con-

Anona.'] iii. anonace^ (oliver) 15

nivent, vallate in aestivation ; inner petals, when present, valvate or imbricate
towards their apices. Stamens indefinite, the connective more or less
thickened beyond the anther-cells, ovate or truncate. Torus hemispherical
or conical. Carpels indefinite. Ovaries connate or immersed. Styles and
oblong stigmas free. Ovules solitary, erect. Fruit globose ovoid or cor-
date, multilocular, consisting of the mature one-seeded carpels imbedded
in a pulpy or coriaceous matrix. — Trees or shrubs, Flowers solitary fas-
cicled or rarely cymoselj racemose, terminal or extra-axillary.

A large genus of which by far the larger numher of species (about 50) are tropical
American. One American species (A. palustris) appears to be truly native also in swamps
of West Tropical Africa, and four other species of the New World, which are widely cul-
tivated for the sake of their excellent fruit, often become naturalized. There are no species
indigenous in continental Asia. A few very distinct species occur in Madagascar and
Mauritius.

Sect. 1. Attee. — Petals 3, inner 0 or very minute.

Leaves narrow-oval-oblong, acuminate acute or scarcely obtuse, often
a little rough and the nerves minutely pubescent, or glabrescent be-
low. Flowers 2-4 together. Fruit cordate or ovoid or ovoid-obtuse,
faintly marked with nearly plane areolae \. A. reticulata.

Leaves slightly acuminate, obtuse or acute, glabrous or glabrescent,
more or less glaucous beneath. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Fruit
ovoid-globose or rather conical, with prominent, convex, rhomboidal
areolae 2. A. squamosa.

Leaves acute or rather obtuse, softly hoary, tomentose beneath, sparsely
and shortly pilose above. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Fruit sub-
ovoid- cordate, with obtusely tubercled areolae Z. A. Cherimolia.

Sect. 2. Ouanabani. — Petals 6, inner conspicuous.

* Flowers solitary or in pairs. Pedicels naked or with 1 or more very imall alternate

bracteoles.

Leaves obovate-oblong or oblong, shortly acuminate, soon glabrous.
Inner petals broadly ovate-rot undate. Fruit ovoid or oblong -cor-
date. Areolae with short ascending aculei 4. A. muricata.

Leaves elliptical or ovate-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, glabrous.
Inner petals oblong. Fruit ovoid or subglobose. Areolae at length
nearly smooth and inconspicuous ^. A. palustris.

Leaves broadly elliptical, ovate- or obovate-elliptical or oblong-elliptical,
usually very obtuse, softly tomentose-pubescent, rarely sparsely pu-
bescent, beneath. Inner petals oblong-triquetrous. Fruit nearly
smooth, faintly areolate » . . . 6. .4 . senegalensis.

Leaves oblong-elliptical, obtuse, glabrous, glaucous beneath. Sepals

reflexed, acute. Petals ovate, glabrous 1. A. glauca.

** Flowers in racemose cymes. Pedicels with a pair of opposite, connate bracteoles, at
first enclosing the bud.

Leaves large, broadly elliptical-oblong or -obovate, abruptly acuminate.

Petals ovate-elliptical, coriaceous, rigid %. A. Mannii.

See " Species imperfectly known," p. 1 7.

*1. A. reticulata, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 85. Extremities rusty-pubescent.
Leaves elongate-oval or -oblong, soon glabrous above. Pedicels 1 in. long
more or less, from very short, extra-axillary or leaf-opposed peduncles. Sepals
about 1 line long. Petals linear-oblong, rather obtuse, minutely puberulous
outside, J-1 in. long.— Bot. Mag. 2911-12.

16 III. ANONACEiE (oliver). [Anona.

Almost quite naturalized in Golungo Alto, Angola, Br. Weltoitsch.
An introduced W. Indian species. The Custard-apple.

*2. A. squamosa, L'mn. ; DC. Trod. i. 85. Extremities minutely pu-
bescent or glabrous. Leaves oval-oblong. Flowers very similar to those of
A. reticulata. Fruit greenish-yellow or rather glaucous. — Bot. Mag. 3095.

An introduced W. Indian species. The Sweet-sop.

*3. A. Cherimolia, Mill. ; DC. Prod. i. 85. Extremities pubescent.
Leaves membranous, elliptical or ovate-oblong. Petals lanceolate, acute,
about fin. long. — A. tripetala, Bot. Mag. 2011.

A native of Peru, cultivated for the sake of its fruit.

*4. A. muricata, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 84. Extremities minutely pu-
bescent or glabrous. Leaves rather coriaceous, 4-5 in. long, l|-2 in. broad
above the middle. Sepals triangular, rather acute, 2-3 lines long. Petals
greenish-yellow, thick and coriaceous, three outer broadly subcordate-ovate,
obtusely pointed, about l^lf in. broad, 3 inner slightly shorter, imbricate
towards their obtuse apices, shortly clawed.

An introduced W. Indian species. The Sour-sop.

5. A. palustris, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 84. Extremities glabrous or
very nearly so. Leaves rather coriaceous, 3-5 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad ; petiole
4-6 lines. Peduncles solitary, rather short. Three outer petals broadly
ovate, rather obtuse, 3 inner rather smaller. — Bot. Mag. 4226. A. chryso-
carpa, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 6. The Alligator- or Monkey-apple of the
West Indies, occurring also in Brazil.

Upper Guinea. Swamps, Grand Bassa Cove, T. Vogell Senegambia, Leprieur.

6. A. seuegalensis, Pers. ; DC. Prod. i. 86. Varying much in size,
sometimes a low shrub, from a few inches to 2 or 3 ft., sometimes a tree, at-
taining 20 ft. Extremities shortly rusty- or tawny-tomentose, pubescent or
rarely glabrate. Leaves coriaceous ; apex rounded or even retuse, sometimes
rather pointed ; base broadly rounded, obtuse or more rarely cuneate, glabres-
cent above, usually pale and more or less pubescent or tomentose beneath ;
veins connecting the lateral nerves subparallel ; lamina from 2-5 in. in length,
1-2 1 in. broad, sometimes 6-9 in. long on barren shoots ; petiole 3-6 lines
(sometimes 1 in.). Flowers usually solitary, pedunculate; peduncles \-\\
in., spreading or decurved. Sepals broadly ovate, cuneate at the base, 1-2
lines long. Outer petals coriaceous, ovate (often broadly), rather obtuse,
inner thick, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, triquetrous. Fruit erect or pendent,
yellow or orange when ripe, \\ in. or more in diam., edible. — Deless.Ic. i.
t. 86. A. arenaria, Schum. et Thonn. PL Guin. 257.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Bon ! Barter ! Niger, Barter !
North Central. Bornu, E. Vogel !

Nile Land. Sennar and Upper Nile {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum).
Iiower Guinea. Hliilla, Benguella, Br. Welwitsch ! Congo, Smith 1
lyiozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Br. Kirk ! Rovuma river, Br. Metier !

Var. cuneata. Base of the leaves more or less cuneate. — Golungo Alto, Angola, Br.
Welwitsch !

Jnona.] III. anonace^ (oliver). 17

Var. glahrescens. Leaves elongate, elliptic-oblong, more or less narrowed at the base,
sparsely pubescent beneath. — Piingo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Var. latifolia. Leaves 6 in. long and broad. — Madi, Upper Nile, Speke and Grant !

7. A. glauca, Schum. et Thonn. Gain. PZ. 259. A branching shrub of
2-4 ft. ; branches and leaves glabrous. Leaves rigid, oblong-elliptical, ob-
tuse, narrowed at base, veiny, glaucous beneath, 2-5 in. long, petiole very
short. Peduncles extra-axillary, usually solitary, \\ in., glabrous. Sepals
reflexed, acute, glabrous. Petals ovate, rather acute, glabrous, 3 outer twice
as large as the inner. Stigmas oblong, capitate.

Upper Guinea, Thonning ; Senegambia, Brunner and others.
The above description is taken from Schumacher and Thonuing.

8. A. Manniiy Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PL 1010. Extremities glabrous or
nearly so. Leaves large, membranous or at length subcoriaceous, very shortly
and rather abruptly acuminate ; base rather narrow, very shortly cordate, sub-
sessile or petiole scarcely exceeding 2 lines, glabrous, midrib and lateral
nerves rather prominent below, the latter looped near the margin ; venation
obscure. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., extremely coriaceous, rusty-puberulous
or pubescent, in strong, several-flowered, simple or forked racemose cymes,
6-10 in. long. Bracts coriaceous, rotundate, 3-4 lines long, opposed to the
thick pedicels, which are i in. or less long. Sepals broadly ovate, cuneate
below, about f in. long and broad. Petals minutely silky-puberulous, nearly
equal, thick and almost woody in te.xture and firmness when dry, obtuse.
Stamens very numerous ; anthers extrorse, sessile, oblong-cuneate, the con-
nective much thickened, truncate and rhomboidal above, puberulous, over-
hanging the cells. Carpels very numerous (several hundreds), closely
crowded upon a large conical torus ; ovaries wholly connate ; style ami
stigma clavate, the latter puberulous.

Upper Guinea. • Old Calabar river, Mann !

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

9. A. Barter!, Benth. Linn. Trans, xxiii. 477. A glabrous tree at-
taining 50 ft. Leaves coriaceous, elongate-oval -oblong or -lanceolate, taper-
ing to the apex from about the middle, base naiTowed or cuneate ; shining
above; 6-8 in. long, 2-2^ in. broad; petioles 2 lines or less. Flowers not
seen. Fruit as large as a peach, hoary, the areolae prominent, rounded
or minutely apiculate, on a peduncle of 1 in. or less.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !

'■^ Anona?" regarded by Mr. Bentham as near the above (1. c.). Leaves elongate, oval-
oblong, finely acuminate, glabrous. The single bud is axillary, on a pedicel of about 1 in.
Sepals rusty-tomentose, broadly ovate, pointed, upwards of \ in. long.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon river, Mann !

Dr. Kirk sent specimens in fruit from the Kovuma and Zambesi district of what m:\y
prove a new Anona.

2. ENANTIA, Oliv. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ix. 174.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, free, lanceolate, valvate in aestivation.
Outer petals 0 ; inner petals 3 (opposite to the sepals), much exceeding the
sepals, thick, coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate or elliptical, plane or the m.irginsi

18 III. ANONACE^ (olivee). \_Jnona.

slightly reflexed from the thickened or obtusely-keeled centre ; base narrower,
concave, erect or slightly spreading. Stamens indefinite ; anthers linear-
oblong, extrorse, subsessile ; connective produced into a short very obtuse
tip, scarcely dilated. Torus convex. Carpels free, indefinite, closely packed ;
ovary pilose ; stigma shorter than the ovary, linear-oblong, sulcate on the
inner face, pilose ; ovules solitary, erect. Fruit not seen.

A tree, with rather large membranous leaves, and solitary, shortly pedancled extra- axillary
flowers.

I have based this new genus upon the single species described below, which differs from all
known Anonacece in the total suppression of the outer petals. Excepting in this particular
(and the free ovaries) the flowers resemble those of an Annna, in which genus, however, the
tendency is to suppression of the inner series of petals. Technically it is allied to the Pha-
anthece.

1. E. chlorantha^ OUv. I.e. Ultimate branchlets slender, pubescent.
Leaves membranous, obovate- or oblanceolate-oblong, shortly acuminate,
cuneate or scarcely rounded at the base, glabrous excepting the puberulous
midrib above and petioles, 5-10 in. long, 2-3| in. broad ; petiole 1|~3 lines.
Flowers solitary, extra-axillary, on peduncles of about half an inch, Avith 1 or 2
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate sepal-like bracts above the middle, appressed-
pilose externally. Sepals lanceolate, subacute, 6-8 lines long, strigose-pilose
outside, dark and glabrate within, spreading or refiexed. Inner petals 1-H
in. long, 6-8 lines broad, rather obtuse, with closely appressed minute hairs
externally.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson !

3. PIPTOSTIGMA, Ollv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 158.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, ovate or lanceolate, acute, free. Petals
6, free, in two series, valvate in aestivation ; outer petals sepaloid, but slightly
exceeding the sepals ; inner petals much longer than the outer, rather thin,
plane or the margins refiexed ; the base concave, surrounding the genitalia.
Stamens indefinite, closely imbricate upon a hemispherical torus ; anthers
sessile, cuneate-oblong, extrorse, the connective truncate, transversely rhom-
boidal. Carpels 4-6, united at the apex in a sessile, depressed-globose, ob-
scurely-lbbed, pilose, deciduous stigma; ovules 6-10, in 1 or 2 series upon
the ventral suture. Fruit not seen (said to consist in one species of united
carpels).

Trees, with subsessile leaves, with numerous, secondary nerves and obscure transversely
parallel venation, and simple or panicled cyinose racemes, from v/^ood of a previous year.

The two following species are all that are known of this genus, which is conliuedto West
Tropical Africa.

Leaves sparsely pilose beneath, abruptly cuspidate. Racemes elongate,
simple or forked. Bracts linear-lanceolate. Outer petals linear-
lanceolate or lanceolate 1. P.pilosum.

Leaves glabrous or glabrate, shortly acuminate. Panicles dichotoraous.

Bracts ovate, acute. Outer i)etals ovate or ovate-lanceolate . . . 2. P. glabrescens.

1. P. pilosuxn, Ollv. I. c. Extremities softly tomentose with ferrugi-
nous hairs. Leaves membranous, subsessile, obovate-oblong, shortly apicu-
late, rounded at the base, glabrous above, more or less pilose beneath espe-

Piptostigma.'] III. anonace.e (oliver). 19

cially on the midrib and veins, 10-14 in. long, 5-6 in. broad above the
middle. Racemes probably pendulous, slender, 6 in. to 2 ft. long, once or
twice forked, bearing a few flowers at the pilose or villous extremities of its
branches. Bracts 5-8 lines, like the short stout pedicels rusty-villous.
Sepals ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 lines long, villous externally. Outer petals \
in. long, resembling the sepals ; inner petals very fragile when dry, imper-
Jfect in our specimens, probably 1^-3 in. long, furrowed or striate, pilose ex-
ternally. Ovaries hirsute ; ovules about 8, uni- or subbiseriate. " Fruit of
several united carpels. Seeds in two rows, covered with a little pulp."
Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson I

2. P. glabrescens^ OUv. I. c. A tree of 30 leet ; twigs at first pilose.
Leaves oblanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, shortly acuminate ; base obtuse
or acute, glabrous above, glabrescent and somewhat glaucous beneath, with
numerous secondary nerves, 4-8 in. long, l|-2^ in. broad, subsessile or
petiole rarely over 3 lines. Flowers (drooping?) in rigid, forked or panicled,
cymose, probably erect racemes. Pedicels 3-6 lines, bearing an ovate, acute
bract, rusty-pilose. Sepals triangular-ovate, about \\ lines long. Outer
petals 3 lines long, like the sepals rusty-pilose externally ; inner petals con-
siderably longer, f-1 in. long, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acute, pubescent.
Carpels about 4. Ovules 6-10, in two series. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Kongui river, Mann !

4. UVARIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 23.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, free or united more or less towards the
base, valvate in aestivation, or calyx at first cupulate, nearly entire. Petals G,
rotundate elliptical or ovate, in 2 series of 3 each, flattened and spreading in
flower or concave, sometimes united at the base, more or less imbricate in
aestivation. Stamens indefinite, closely crowded, the connective shortly pro-
duced beyond the anther-cells into a truncate or rounded tip. Torus more
or less prominent, truncate or slightly depressed in the centre. Carpels nu-
merous, linear, clavate or oblong. Style truncate. Ovules numerous or few,
generally biseriate. Fruit-carpels distinct, sessile or stipitate, several-seeded
or 1 -seeded by abortion.

Scrambling or climbing shrubs or small trees, with more or less of a stellate tomentum
or glabrous. Flowers solitary or fascicled, ofteu extra-axillary or leaf-opposed, sometimes
from the wood of a previous year.

A genus, confined to the tropics or subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia.
None of the species has been satisfactorily shown to be common to the two continents. One
species, TJvaria caffra, grows at Natal.

Leaves large, 9-15 in. or more.

Sepals free or uearly so, shorter than the petals before expansion . . 1. U. connivens.
Sepals large, enclosing the petals until expansion, connate at the base,
surrounded bv large, concave, imbricate bracts, rusty silky-pilose

externally . ' 2. U.fusca.

Leaves rarely exceeding 8 in. (usually 2-5 in.).

Leaves i in., ovate, acute, glabrous above, at first tomcntosc beneath.

Calyx? Petals oval-oblong 3. U. ovata.

Sepals free above the middle or nearly to the base.

Leaves shortly scabrous-hispid above, more or less rounded at

20 III. ANONACE^ (OLIVER). [Uvaria.

theljase. Flowers 1-2 in. across. Sepals ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, nearly free 4t. U.? scdbrida.

Leaves stellate-pubescent beneath, acuminate ; base subcordate.

Flowers \ in. or less. Sepals ovate, connate below . . . ^. TJ. acuminata.

Leaves glabrous, oblong-elliptical. Peduncles subternate, 3-4

lines long. Sepals orbiculate 6. ?7. lucida.

Leaves ovd-oblong, acute or obtuse, base subcordate ; at first
pilose. Flowers subsessile. Petals lanceolate. Fruit-carpels
ovoid, nearly sessile 1. TJ. cor data.

Leaves oval-oblong, sparsely pilose below. Flowers subsessile.

Fruit-carpels subglobose, nearly sessile 8. Z7. glohosa.

Leaves glabrous, oblanceolate, acuminate, emarginate at base.

Fruit-carpels on stipes of f in 9. 17. gracilis.

Sepals connate, forming a cupuliform calyx, with entire or 3-
toothed margin, splitting on expansion. Petals spreading.

Leaves more or less coriaceous. Anthers truncate . . . . 10. 17. Chamae.

Leaves firmly membranous. Anther-tips compressed, not truu-

cate W. TJ. angolensis.

IMPEBFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

Leaves glabrous and shining above, cuspidate, 4-7 iu. Flowers sub-
sessile on wood of previous year • . . \2. XJl sp.

Leaves oblanceolate-oval or -oblong, glabrous. Fruit-carpels very nu-
merous, on long stipes, 2-1 -seeded 13. U.sp.novl

Leaves ovate-elliptical, obtusely acuminate, glabrous, excepting midrib

above. Carpels tomentose, transversely crested 14. [7. crisiata.

1. U. connivenSy BentJi.in Linn. Trans, xxiii. 465. A tree of 30-40
ft., glabrous or with the extremities obsoletely puberulous. Leaves large,
elongate oblanceolate-oblong, narrowed to the obtuse or narrowly -cordate
base, cuspidate or sharply acuminate, glabrous, usually 9-15 in. long, 2|-4^
in. broad. Petioles very sliort and thick, 2-4 lines. Flowers i-l in.
diam., nearly glabrous or thinly sericeous, on very short bracteate axillary pe-
duncles ; bracts deciduous. Sepals free, very broadly rotundate-ovate, shortly
pointed, more or less imbricate at the base. Petals thick, purplish, conni-
vent, outer ones nearly as broad as long, much exceeding the sepals and
slightly imbricate below. Anthers very numerous, linear, truncate, and
slightly capitate. Carpels numerous, shortly pul)escent, upon the slightly
excavated centre of the raised torus. Ovules 12-18, biseriate. The fruit
has not been satisfactorily identified.

Upper Guinea. Ambas Bay and Fernando Po, Mann !

2. U. fusca, BentJi. in Linn. Trans, xxiii. 466. A glabrous tree, attain-
ing 25 ft. Leaves large, elongate-oblanceolate, scarcely acute, glabrous, 9-14
in. long, 3-4 in. broad. Petioles 4-5 lines, thick. Flowers solitary or 2 or
3 together, subsessile, shortly silky-pilose with appressed rusty hairs, about
1 in. diam. Sepals connate below, very large and broadly rotundate,
concave, imbricate, glabrous inside, surrounded by several rather large con-
cave, imbricate, sepal-like bracts. Petals concave, slightly imbricate, shorter
than the sepals, at least just before expansion. Stamens 2000 or more, very
closely packed. Anthers truncate. Carpels very numerous, villous. Ovules
few. Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

Uvaria.'] ill. anonacejs (oliver). 21

3. U, ovata^ J. DC. Mem. Anou. 29. Young branches subtomentose
with rusty hairs. Leaves ovate, acute, glabrous above, lower surface at first
rusty-toraentose, at length glabrate excepting the midrib, 1 in. lout?. Pe-
duncles leaf-opposed, very short, 2-flowered. Petals subequal, oval-oblono-,
rather acute. — Unona ovata, DC. Syst. Yeg. i. 489.

Upper Guinea, Vahl.

Uakuown to me excepting from the description.

4. U. ? scabrida, Oliv. A somewhat climbing shrub or small tree of
30 ft., with the young twigs rusty-tomentose and rather rough with crowded
stellate hairs. Leaves oblong or slightly narrowed towards the more or less
rounded base, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, scabnd with very
short stiff hairs, distinctly stellate on the under surface, 4-6 in. lonf^, la— 2
in. broad. Petioles 1-2 lines. Flowers 1^-2 in. across, on extra-axillary
peduncles, ^1 in. long. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rather acute,
nearly or quite free, reflexed or spreading. Petals yellowish-green, ovate or
ovate-elliptical, scarcely acute, rough, like the sepals, with rusty, short, stel-
late toraentum. Carpels indefinite, each with 4-6 ovules in two rows, stel-
late-hairy. Fruit carpels rough, toraentose, forming a globose cluster (ac-
cording to the Eev. W. C. Thomson).

Upper Guinea. Camaroons river, Mann ! Ikoneto, Old Calabar, Thomson !
I am not sure if the sestivation of the loosely-packed petals be imbricate, but from the
general aspect of the plant and its stellate hairs, I leave it provisionally in Uvaria.

5. U. acuminata, Oliv. A climbing shrub with the young shoots pu-
bescent or pilose-tomentose with cinnamon or rusty hairs. Leaves oval-ob-
long, narrowed above into an acute or rather obtuse acumen, slightly or not
at all narrowed to the cordate or subcordate base, rather paler and stellate-
pubescent beneath, the midrib with more or less spreading hairs, more or
less puberulous or subscaberulous or glabrate above, 2-4 in. long, |-1 .^ in.
broad. Pedicel about 1 line. Flowers (not seen in the continental speci-
mens) rather small, solitary, on peduncles of 1 in. or less. Sepals connate
below, ovate, rather pointed, stellate-pubescent. Fruit-carpels globose or
shortly oblong, rugose-puberulous, stipitate, obtuse, light brown, 4-5 lines
diam., 4-6 lines long, few- or 1 -seeded. Stipes about 2 lines. Seeds shin-
ing, 4 lines long, 2-2|- lines broad.

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma river, Br. Kirk !

Also Madagascar, Bojer ! The ripe fruit is said to be eaten.

6. U, lucida, Benth. in Linn. Trans, xxiii. 465. Glabrous. Leaves
oblong-elliptical, shortly and obtusely acuminate, broadly rounded at the base,
about 3-3^ in. long, 1|-1| in. broad. Petiole 2 lines. Peduncles subter-
nate, 3-4 lines long, bracteate. Flowers covered with a very short, rather
hoary tomentum. Sepals rotundate. Petals free, rounded, about 5 lines
long and broad. Anthers shortly produced into an obtuse trigonous or com-
pressed, rather obovate tip. Carpels more or less hairy above. Styles short,
thick, truncate. Ovules 5-8. — Guatttria lucida, Boj. Mort. Maurit. 6 ;
Unona lucida, Sweet, Hort. Brit. {fJe Boj.)

Mozamb. Distr. Mombase Island, Bojer !

22 III. ANONACE^ (OLIVER). {Uvavia,

7. XJ. cordata, Scluim. ef Tlwnn. Gum. PL 255. A mucTi-branched shrub,
extremities rusty-tomentose. Leaves somewhat coriaceous, oval-oblong, from
a subcordate base, slightly acuminate acute or rather obtuse, shining above,
paler beneath, at first silky, at length with pubescent midrib and margin, 2-
3 in. long. Peduncles very short, leaf-opposed, solitary, tomentose, usually
1 -flowered. Sepals concave, obtuse. Petals 6, three times bnger than the
sepals, equal, lanceolate, spreading or recurved. Fruit-carpels very shortly
pedicellate, subcapitate, about tbe size of a gooseberry, ovate, ochreous-to-
mentose, 6-8-seeded.

Upper Guinea, Thonnhtg.

I Lave not seen an authentic specimen. The description is from S. and T.

8. U. globosa, Hook.f. Fl. Nigi'it. 210. Branches slender, the ex-
tremities rusty-pilose. Leaves oval-oblong obtuse or shortly and obtusely
acuminate, rounded at the base, soon glabrous above except on the midrib,
sparsely hairy below, 2-3 in. long, f- 1 in. broad. Petioles 1-2 lines.
Flowers small, solitary or in pairs, very shortly stalked or subsessile, .silky
with ferruginous hairs. Sepals connate below. Petals much imbricate in
bud, at length spreading. Fruit-carpels rusty-tomentose, nearly globose,
subsessile, 3-5 lines diam., few-seeded. Seeds shining, compressed.

Upper Guinea. Accra, T. Yogell

The specimens are imperfect and I have not myself examined a flower. I take it to be
very nearly allied to U. cordata, if indeed distinct.

9. TJ. gracilis, Hook.f. Fl. Nigrit. 210. Glabrous, excepting the pu-
bescent extremities. Leaves somewhat membranous, oblanceolate, obtusely
acuminate, narrowed to the base, which is narrowly and obscurely cordate
or emarginate, glaucous beneath, about 3 in. long, 1^ in. broad. Petiole 2
lines. Peduncles axillary, solitary, of fruit 1 in. long. Sepals obovate, ob-
tuse, \ in. long. Fruit-carpels glabrous, small, spreading, on stipes of f in.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don !

Mr. Bentham suggests that this plant may be a Clathrospermum. I have not bad the
opportunity of analysing a flower.

10. U. Chamse, P. de Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. ii. 42. I. 83. A small
tree, with the young branches smooth and glabrous or rusty-pubescent at
first. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical oblong or oval, obtuse or very shortly and
obtusely pointed, shortly petiolate, at first with very minute, scattered, stel-
late hairs, at length glabrous or with minute hairs on the midrib, from 2-5
in. long, 1-2| in. broad. Petioles 1-2 lines. Flowers 1 in. or rather more
in diam., 2 to 5 together or solitary, greenish-brown, densely puberulous ex-
cepting towards the lowej- part of the inner face of the petals. Peduncles
shorter than the flower. Petals spreading, obovate or elliptical. Anthers
truncate. Carpels rusty-pubescent, with the stigma transversely dilated on
the outer side. Fruit-carpels 20 or fewer, rusty-tomentose, oblong or
roundish, terete, on stipes of 3-5 lines, sometimes rough,' with a few project-
ing points, \-\ in. long. Seeds few, more or less compressed, shining, pale
brown when dry, with a slight thickening at the hilura, about 4 lines long
and 2 lines broad. — Rich, in Fl. Seneg. 7. t. 3. fig. 2. XJnona macrocarpa,

Uvaria.] in. anonace^ (oliver). 23

DC. Syst. Veg. i. 489. Uvaria cyUndrica, Sclium. et Tlionn. Guin. PI. 256
{ex descr.).

Upper Guinea. Senegarnbia ! Leprieiir, Ilevdelot, etc. ; Gold Coast, P. de Beaiivois.
Nupe, on the Niger, Barter !

I have not had the opportunity of examining the calyx of a bud, but from the appearance
of the calyx-segments after expansion, I think it probable that it is cupulate at tirst, then
splitting two-thirds or more to the base into broad ovate or quadrate segments, as in U.
angolevsis. Indeed, Richard (Fl. Seneg.) describes the calyx as " urceohite-globose, with
an obsoletely tridentate mouth." Mr. Bentham (Linn. Trans, xxiii. 4G4) describes the
sepals as united at the base or to the middle, but no doubt from the examination of ex-
panded flowers.

11. U. angolensis, Welw. mss. A small troe of 6-10 ft. or a
tall climber. Extremities pubescent or pilose-pubescent.' Leaves firmly
membranous, obovate-elliptical or broadly oblong-elliptical, usually shortly
obtusely or acutely pointed, rounded or obtuse at the base, glabrate above,
obsoletely or minutely pubescent, especially on the midrib beneath ; midrib
and lateral nerves rather prominent below ; 2^-6 in. long (usually 2^-4 in.),
1-2^ in. broad. Petiole 1^-3 lines. Flowers terminal or lateral extra-
axillary, solitary or in pairs, sessUe or subsessile, about 1 in. across or rather
less. Calyx deeply cupulate, undulate or nearly entire at first, about 5 lines
broad, at length splitting on expansion. Petals nearly equal, spreading, el-
liptical, imbricate in aestivation ; anthers sessile, linear, the connective pro-
longed into an ovate-oblong ovate or ovate-lanceolate, usually obtuse com-
pressed not dilated or truncate tip. Carpels oo, closely crowded ; ovaries
linear-pubescent ; stigma sessile, capitate, glabrous ; ovules numerous. Fruit-
carpels stipitate oblong-cylindrical or nodulose, minutely rusty-tomentose,
few- to many-seeded, i-l|- in. long, i-f in. broad; stipes about | in.

Liower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Wehcitsch !

Resembling U. Chamce, but apparently readily distinguishable by the connective of the
anthers.

12. U. ? sp. A glabrous shrub of 15-20 ft., the tips of the branches
with a few hairs at first. Leaves coriaceous, oval or oblanceolate, cuspidate,
glabrous on both surfaces, rather shining above, the midrib and lateral nerves
rather prominent beneath, 4-7 in. long, li-2|- in. broad. Flowers subsessile,
on wood of a previous year. Petals white, with pui-plish spots at the base
inside {Matm).

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

Probably a new species of this genus, but I have seen only a single imperfect specimen.

13. XJ. sp. nova ? A shrub of 6-10 ft., sometimes scandent. Extre-
mities glabrous. Leaves rather coriaceous, elongate oblanceolate-oval or -ob-
long, shortly pointed glabrous or on first expansion minutely pulxrulous,
especially upon the margin; venation rather obscure, 3-7 in. long, 1-2 in.
broad. Petiole 1-2 lines. Fruits solitary, terminating lateral peduncles of
i- 1| in. Carpels very numerous, 2- or 1 -seeded, ellipsoidal or subglobosc,
about -^in. long or less, on long radiating stipes of 1^ in.

Lower Guinea. Pungo Andofigoand Cazenga, Angola, Dr. ireltcitsch !
Flowers not seen.

14. U. cristata, R.Br. viss. i?i Herb. Mus. Brit. Extremities and mid-

24 III. ANONACEiE (oliver). [Uvaria.

rib of leaves above minutely pubemlous. Leaves (bronze-brown when dry)
ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, obtusely acuminate, more or less rounded
at base ; margin subcrispate-undulate ; midrib prominent beneath ; reticu-
lation obscure, 4^-5^ in. long, l|-2i in. broad ; petiole 1^-2 lines. Flower ?
Fruit on a short, stout, lateral peduncle, \ in. long ; carpels 1|- in. long,
|— I in. diam., closely rusty-tomentose, transversely cristate, obtuse, on stipes
\ in. long.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Purdie I

A specimen in flower, from Cape Coast, in the British Museum herbarium may belong to
the same species. The calyx is 3-fid, with rotundate lobes.

5. CLEISTOCHLAMYS, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 175.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx closed in bud (sepals connate), splitting
across the apex into 2 or 3 unequal or equal valves. Petals 6 (seen only
in unexpanded flowers) ; 3 outer ovate, valvate in aestivation, 3 inner rather
smaller, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens indefinite (about 30) ; anthers sessile
or subsessile, cuneate-quadrate, extrorse ; the connective slightly dilated and
truncate beyond the cells. Toms slightly convex. Carpels free, 6-8 ; ovary
glabrous or nearly so, narrowed above- into a short linear-oblong recurved
stigma ; ovules solitary, erect. Fruit-carpels oblong, obtuse, stipitate.

A glabrous shrub. Leaves rather narrow obovate-oblong or oblong, penninerved. Flowers
very small, axillary, sessile.

This plant was placed, with doubt, in the genus Popowia, by Mr. Bentham (Linn. Trans,
xxiii. 470), who, however, had not seen flowering specimens. These have been since sup-
plied by Dr. Kirk. The salient characters of the genus are, the connate sepals forming a
calyx, at first closed ; the imbricate inner petals, which, with the truncate stamens, place it
in the tribe Uvariea, and the very small, usually solitary, axillary flowers.

1. C. Kirkii, Oliv. I. c. Much branched and entirely glabrous. Leaves
firmly membranous or rather coriaceous, oblanceolate-oblong or oblong, ob-
tuse rounded or rather acute at the apex ; base obtuse ; lateral veins nume-
rous, anastomosing; size very various, usually from l|-4 in. long, i-1^ in.
broad; petiole 1-2 lines. Flowers veiy small (only seen in bud, about 1-1^
lines diam.), with a few minute, imbricate, rotundate, scaly bracts. Calyx
glabrous, smooth, thinly coriaceous. Fruit-carpels black, edible when ripe,
oblong, very obtuse or mucronulate, glabrous, 6-8 lines long, 3-4 lines diam.,
on stipes of 2-3 lines, 1-seeded. — Fopowia ? Kirkii, Benth. in Linn. Trans,
xxiii. 470.

Mozamb. Distr. Foot of Moramballa ; near Tette ; near Senna, Zambesia, Dr. Kirk !

6. CLATHROSPERMUM, Planch.; Benth. et Hook. i. Gen. PI. i. 29.

Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Sepals 3, minute, ovate or rotun-
date. Petals 6, in two series, valvate in aestivation, concave, thick ; inner
rather smaller or veiT minute. Stamens 10 or fewer; anthers subsessile or
on short thick filaments, extrorse with parallel cells, obtuse, the connective
not produced above, but in one species much produced behind the cells.
Carpels 6-8 in the J , indefinite in- the $ , free ; ovary pilose ; stigma linear,

Clathrosjjermum.] in. anonacea: (oliver). 25

oblong or globose ; ovules 5 or fewer, in one series. Fruit-carpels slipitate,
1-3 -seeded.

Climbing shrubs, with membranous or rather coriaceous leaves ; the venation more or
less transversely parallel. Flowers very small, axillary, on simple forked or paniculate
peduncles or from the old wood.

Notwithstanding the important differences between the two following species, I feel but
little hesitation in referring them to the sauie genus. To adopt ihe alternative of creating
a new genus for C. Mannii, with our present imperfect knowledge of the family, would be
premature.
Mowers hermaphrodite. Inner petals nearly equalling the outer. Anthers

dilated behind the cells . I. C. Vogelii.

Flowers unisexual. Inner petals minute. Anthers not dilated behind the

cells 2. C. Mannii.

1. C. Vogelii, Planch.; Benth. in Linn. Traits, xxiii. 479. A climb-
ing shrub, with slender branchlets, minutely rusty-sericeous at first or gla-
brous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, obovate- or elliptical-oblong, shortly acu-
minate or obtuse, glabrescent, glaucescent or reddish -glaucescent beneath,
3-6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad ; petiole 1-^ lines. Flowers very small, on
slender axillary pedicels, -^-l in. long, at first with a minute bracteole near
the middle. Sepals ovate-rotundate, sliglitly connate, ^-f line long. Petals
puberulous ; outer broadly elliptical, scarcely 2 lines broad ; base incurved ;
inner obovate-cuneate, with a thick claw. Stamens about 9-10 ; apthers
extrorse, with very short parallel cells ; connective not produced above, but
dilated behind the cells into a triangular appendage. Carpels 6-8 ; ovary
shortly pilose ; style linear, obtuse, glabrous, minutely notched or sulcate at
top; ovules about 3 superposed. Fruit-cai-pels 1-3-seeded, ^-l^ in. long,
narrowed between the seeds, glabrous, on stipes of 1-5 lines. — Uvaria ?
Vogelii, Hook. f. Fl. Nig. 208. t. 17.

Upper Guinea. On the Quorra, T. Vogel ! Sierra Leone, and Nupe and Onitscha on

the Niger, Barter I Bagroo river, Mann !

2. C. Mannii, Oliv. A climbing shrub, attaining 50 ft. ; the extremi-
ties rusty-pubescent or shortly pilose at first. Leaves membranous, obovate-
oblong, shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, glabrous above unless on the
nerves, more or less pubescent or at length glabrate beneath ; midrib and
parallel Literal nerves prominent below, 5-8 in. long, l|-3 in. broad. Flowers
fascicled, on simple or forked peduncles or in fasciculate panicles, often from
the axils of fallen leaves ; the peduncles sometimes repeatedly forked and very
numerous, with minute bracts, forming large clusters from knotted portions
of the old wood ; ? 2-3 lines diam., ^ I'^ther smaller, depressed-globose.
Sepals ovate, |-f line long. Outer petals deeply concave, as broad as long,
very thick towards the apex, about 2 lines broad, puberulous. Inner petals
oblong-cuneate, obtuse, equalling or shorter than the carpels. Male fl. : Sta-
mens about 7, diverging from the centre, surrounded by numerous very minute
gland-like staminodia ; anthers oblong, obtuse, connective not produced ;
carpels 0. Female fl. : Carpels numerous (about 60) ; ovaries pilose ; stigma
sessile, globose or rounded-oblong, sulcate, glabrous ; ovules 5, uniseriate.
Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon
Calabar (females only), Tho

ion riverimalBftiMLly^-W'a«;|i«%toT1fit"' V^^> ^y<^>^^ *ifioG^

I IDDADV

26 III. AN0NACE.4: (OLIVER).

7. POLYALTHIA, Blume; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 25.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious. Sepals 3, free or connate
below, valvate or slightly imbricate in aestivation. Petals 6, equal or sub-
equal, valvate in two series in aestivation, ovate or linear. Stamens indefi-
nite (in the following polygamous species about 5 in the hermaphrodite),
linear or cuneate, connective dilated and thickened beyond the cells or (in
the African species) shortly produced and compressed. Carpels indefinite
(wanting in the (^ of the African species). Stigma oblong or capitate.
Ovules 1 or 2, usually erect (attached to the ventral suture in the African
species). Pruit-carpels stipitate, globose or oblong, 1-seeded. — Trees or
shrubs. Plowers solitary or fascicled, axillary or extra-axillary.

A considerable genus of the Indian continent and Archipelago, with an Australian outlier.
The species here described does not accord well with the genus, nor yet with Unona, with
which its ventral (and superposed, when geminate) ovules ally it. It would be premature,
however, with our present imperfect knowledge of African Jnonacece, either to create a new
genus for it or to definitively modify the characters of any existing genus in order to in-
clude it.

1. P.? acuminata^ Oliv. A small tree, with glabrous slender twigs
or the tips at first sparsely pubescent. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oval-oblong
or oval, narrowed into a rather long acumen, naiTowed cuneate or slightly
rounded at the base, glabrous, 4-7 in. long, li-2 in. broad; petiole about
1 line. Peduncles very short or nearly ^ in., leaf-opposed or variously extra-
axillary, bearing 1-3 pedicellate polygamo-dioecious flowers ; pedicels about
\ in., with minute, rotundate, clasping bracts at or near the middle. Sepals
more or less connate below, rotundate, obtuse, minutely pubescent, nearly 1
line long and broad. Petals equal, erect or ascending, open, narfow-linear,
obtuse, plane ; the margins often involute near the middle, puberulous, \ in.
long. Male fl. : Stamens 14-18 ; anthers nearly sessile, linear ; the connec-
tive shortly produced into a compressed obtuse tip. Torus convex. Cai-pels 0.
Female fl.*: Stamens about 5, obtuse or pointed. Carpels densely crowded,
10-12, nearly glabrous ; ovary linear or clavate, with a sessile globose
stigma. Ovules solitary or geminate, attached to the ventral suture. Pruit-
cai-pels (not seen ripe), stipitate, globose, 1-seeded.

Upper Guinea. Bagroo river, Mann ! Old Calabar, Thomson !

In the Kew herbarium there is a specimen of P. (Guaiteria) Korinti (Dun.), labelled
Guatferia lucida, Boj., as from Mombase Island, off the coast of E. Tropical Africa, but Mr.
Bentham is of opinion that the label has been misplaced, and that it belongs to the XJvaria
lucida, described at page 21.

8. HEXALOBUS, A. DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 24.

Plowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, ovate, coriaceous, valvate in aestivation.
Petals 6, elongate, narrow, connate at the base into a short tube, valvate (?)
in two series and transversely folded in aestivation. Stamens indefinite ; an-
thers linear or linear-cuneate ; connective thickened and truncate or scarcely
produced beyond the cells ; filaments short. Torus more -or less convex or
truncate. Carpels 3-12; stigma 2-lobed ; ovules numerous, 2-1-serlate.
Pruit-carpels oblong or elUpsoidal, sometimes slightly constricted, sessile ia
the continental species. ^ ' , >

Hexalobus.] iii. anonace^ (oliver). 27

Trees or shrubs, glabrous or pubescent, with axfllary, solitary or fascicled, sessile or pedi-
cellate flowers.

A small geaus, of which the only species described belong to Africa and Madagascar.
Leaves glabrous, acuraiuate. Flowers on distinct pedicels, bearing a

pair of connate deciduous bracts 1. B.. grandijlortu.

Leaves more or less softly pubescent, at least on the under surface, ob-
tuse or acute. Flowers sessile or subsessile 2. H. senegolensu.

1. H, grandiflorus, Benth. in Linn. Tram, xxiii. 468. t. 49. A tree,
attaining 60 ft., with the extremities glabrous, or at first sparsely pilose.
Leaves narrow-oval or oblanccolate, acuminate, thinly coriaceous, glal)rous or
with very thinly scattered hairs beneath, the midrib glabrous or puberulous ;
4-9 in. long, l|-2 in. broad ; petiole 2-4 lines. Flowers solitary or ia
pairs, on peduncles of \-\ in., bearing a narrow leaf-bud and a pair of rusty-
sericeous connate bracts. Sepals ovate, concave, thick and almost woodv in
texture, 4-6 lines long. Petals whitish, subequal, linear-lanceolate, trans-
versely plicate, silky-pubescent, 1^ in. or more in length. Anthers linear,
sometimes elongate, the connective obtuse or tinincate, scarcely prolonged
beyond the cells; filament much shorter than the anther. Carpels 10-12 ;
ovary densely pilose ; stigmas short, reflexed, 2-lobed ; ovules numerous, 2-
seriate. (Fruit-carpels 3-6, sessile, about 3 in. long, Ij in. thick, rusty-
pubescent-tomentose, rounded at the apex, with numerous seeds, transversely
packed, extending from side to side. It is not quite certain that the fruit
here described belongs to the same species.)

Upper Guinea. Ambas Bay, Mann ! and Old Calabar, Thomson !

The fruiting specimen described above was collected by Mr. Barter on the Niger.

2. H. senegalensis^ A. DC. Mem. Anon. 37. A small tree, the ex-
tremities pubescent or tomentose. Leaves oblong or narrowly oval, obtuse
or narrowed to an acute or subacute apex, rounded or obtuse at the base,
shortly pilose or pubescent, at length glabrescent above, usually softly pubes-
cent beneath, the larger 4-5 in. long, 1-1 1- in. broad, subsessile or petiole
scarcely exceeding 1 line. Flowers cream-coloured, axillary, solitary or 2 or
3 together, with 2 or 3 deciduous concave bracts. Sepals ovate, pubescent
or pilose-silky. Petals naiTow-lanceolate, tapering to the apex (in Niger spe-
cimens f-1 in. long). Anthers linear ; connective slightly transversely di-
lated, rounded or truncate; filaments short. Carpels 4-6. Fruit-carpels
sessile or subsessile, in our specimens 1-1 1- in. long, ^-1 in. thick, terete or
slightly constricted, the transverse seeds separated by thin layers of the en-
docarp. — Uvaria monopetala, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 8. t. 2.

Upper Guinea. Sene^SLmhidifLeprieur and Perro/iet, Heiidelot ; Gambia, Whitfield!
Nupe, Niger, Barter I

Nile Iiand. Upper Nile {Schiceinf. et Asch. I^num.); Madi, Speke and Grant I

9. ARTABOTRYS, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 24.

Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Sepals free or coherent at the base,
valvate in aestivation. Petals 6, free, nearly equal, valvate in aestivation in
two series, concave at the base around the genitalia, open above. Stamens
indefinite, oblong quadrate or cuneate ; connective thickened, truncate or di-

28 111. AN ONAGER (OLIVER). \_^rtabol7'ys,

lated above the cells. Torus plano-convex. Carpels indefinite; stigma
various, usually ovate or linear-oblong ; ovules geminate, erect. Fruit-car-
pels usually ellipsoidal oblong or obovate, 1- or 2-seeded.

Climbing or scrambling shrubs, with glabrous or glabresceut leaves. Flowers solitary
fascicled or crowded upon woody, often stout, and almost invariably more or less sharply-
hooked peduncles, which are often leaf-opposed or opposite to lateral branches.

A genus nearly confined to the tropics of Asia and Africa, generally easily recognized by
its characteristic hooked peduncles. None of the African species have been identified with
Asiatic ones.

Leaves large. Peduncle stout, many-flowered. Pedicels about 2
lines. Sepals broadly ovate, shortly acuminate. Petals oblong-
lanceolate, about twice as long as the sepals \. A. macrophylla.

Peduncles with crowded, drooping, narrow flowers on pedicels ^-f in.
long. Sepals minute. Petals linear or tapering, many times ex-
ceeding the sepals, inner trigonous, concave at the base. Fruit-
carpels shortly pointed 2. A. Thomsoni.

Peduncles 1-, 2-, several-flowered. Pedicels ^-1 in. Sepals broadly
oval or oblanceolate-elliptical. Petals nearly equalling the sepals,
more or less broadly ovate, rather obtuse or shortly pointed. Fruit-
carpels obtuse 3. A. hrachypetala.

1. A. macrophylla, Hook.f. Tl. Nig. 207. A small, glabrous tree,
with large, broadly-elliptical leaves, rounded at the base, and shortly acu-
minate, 7-10 in. long, 5-6 in. broad. Petiole 3-4 lines. Peduncle recurved,
branched, about 2 in. Pedicels thick, with small, deciduous, ovate bracteoles.
Flowers small. Sepals pilose-pubescent externally. Petals 6, subequal.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vogel !

I have seen only imperfect flowering specimens of this plant, and no fruit.

2. A. Thomsoni, Oliv. A large climber. Glabrous, or the young
shoots with few, scattered hairs. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-elliptical, very
shortly or scarcely obtusely acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, with
prominent midrib and lateral nerves beneath, glabrescent or glabrous, except
the sometimes rusty-pubescent midrib, rather shining above, glabrous below,
4-8 in. long, 2-3 in. broad. Petiole 1-3 lines. Peduncles woody, re-
curved, extra-axillary. Pedicels bearing a small bracteole about or below the
middfe. Flowers reddish-brown, |— | in. long. Calyx very small, about 2
lines across. Sepals broadly ovate, acute. Petals free, linear, narrow, 3
outer rather longer, dilated and concave at the base, rusty-pilose, with ap-
pressed hairs outside, 3 inner trigonous, with a concave recess around the
genitalia. Stamens minute, closely crowded ; anthers sessile or subsessile,
the cells lateral, parallel, or slightly converging below, the connective dilated
into an ovate or roundish, incurved, shovel-like appendage, as large or larger
than the rest of the anther. Ovary slightly pilose above, with a pair of
erect ovules ; stigma various, ovate oblong or laterally dilated below. Fruit-
carpels numerous, ellipsoidal, nearly glabrous, 1-seeded, 6-8 lines long, on
stipes of about the same length or longer.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar river, Thomson !

3. A. brachjrpetala, Benth. in Linn. Trans, xxiii. 467. Climbing shrub,
the young shoots pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical or obovate-ellip-

Artaboiri/s.] in. anonace^e (oliver). 29

tical, obtuse or very shortly and obtusely pointed ; base obtuse or scarcely
acute, glabrous, at first with scattered silky hairs ; l^-H in. long, ^-2 in.
broad. Petiole 1-4 lines. Flowers about i in. diam., usually on hooked
and forked peduncles, often opposed to short, lateral branchlets ; sometimes
the peduncles are very short and scarcely or not at all hooked. Sepals
spreading, 4-6 lines long, tomentose externally. Petals connivent, plane,
incurved at the base, somewhat acute, the 3 inner slightly shorter, glabrous
or nearly so ; anthers quadrate-oblong ; connective thickened, truncate, scarcely
produced beyond the cells. Carpels numerous, inserted on a pilose torus.
Fruit-carpels glabrous, ellipsoidal or obovoid, ^-f in. long, on stipes of 3-5
lines ; 2- or 1-seeded.

Mozaxnb. Distr. Tete, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !
The fruit is said to be pleasant eating.

10. XYLOPIA. Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 28.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals more or less connate, rarely nearly free,
valvate in aestivation. Petals 6 (3 in X ? polycarpa), valvate in aestivation
in two series, 3 outer linear, linear-subulate, oblong or rarely ovate, thick,
usually scarcely expanding or connivent, 3 inner rather or much shorter,
similar in form and triquetrous above, or ovate-lanceolate and keeled and
acute. Stamens indefinite, the innermost sometimes coherent by their fila-
ments into a sheath surrounding the ovaries or inserted upon a sheathing, de-
ciduous, annular extension of the torus, usually narrow-linear ; anther-cells
frequently multilocellate, connective truncate dilated or more or less subpel-
tate. Torus nearly plane or but slightly convex, plane or concave in the
centre. Carpels few or numerous. Ovaries usually strigose-hairy. Styles
elongate, exserted, forming a connivent cone; ovules usually 2-10. Fruit-
carpels oblong or narrow-linear, continuous or torulose. — Habzelia, Hook. f.
et Thoms. Fl, Ind. i. 123, as well as synonyms quoted in the ' Genera
Plantarum.' — Trees or shrubs. Leaves more or less coriaceous. Flowers
axillary, in fascicles or solitary, usually on short pedicels.

A rather large genus, represented in Asia and America as well as in Africa. The species
are generally easily recognized by their axillary flowers and narrow thick petals, the carpels
inserted upon the plane or concave centre of the torus and sometimes sheathed by an au-
Iher-beariDg rim, and by the long connivent styles projecting considerably beyond the sta-
mens. X. africatia, with globose buds and ovate outer petals, is exceptional in the genus,
but in other particulars it agrees well with Xylopia^ and it is very closely allied to X rw
bescens, in which the flowers are long and narrow.

Petals 6. Sepals or calyx-lobes ovate or broadly ovate-triangular,

under 3 lines long, or more deeply connate, forming a cupulate,

broadly-toothed calyx.

Leaves distinctly narrowed into the petiole, very coriaceous, reddish,

at least when dry. Inner petals ovate-lanceolate (navicular),

acute.

Buds nearly globose. Outer petals broadly ovate 1. X. africana.

Buds narrow. Outer petals linear-lanceolate 2. X rubescetis.

Leaves not narrowed into the petiole (or scarcely in X. CEthiopica
and X. Thomsoni). Inner petals narrow-linear or liuear-
subulate.
Flowers sessile or very shortly pedicelled.

80 III. ANONACEiE (oliveb). [Xylopia.

Sepals connate more than halfway, forming a cupulate,

broadly-toothed calyx. Buds 1^-2 iu. Leaves 4-6 in. 3. X. cethiopica.
Sepals connate halfway or less, or nearly free, broadly ovate-
triangular.
Leaves rather obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate,
1^-3 in. Outer petals i iu. long or less. Fruit-carpels

sessile or subsessile 4. X. parvijlora.

Leaves acuminate, 3-5 in. Outer petals about li in. long' 5. X. Thomsoni
Leaves elliptical or oblong-elliptical, obtuse, 1 \-2 iu. Outer

petals f-1 in. Fruit-carpels shortly stipitate .... 6. X. odoratissima.
Flowers on slender pedicels, 3-6 lines long. Buds narrow acu-
minate. Carpels 3-6. Leaves 2-3 in . ?• X. acutiflora.

Petals 3 (inner petals 0). Sepals lanceolate, spreading, 4-5 lines

long. Fruit-carpels very numerous, on long stipes 8. X. .'' polycarpa.

1. X. africana^ Oliv. A much-branched, glabrous tree, attaining 30-
40 ft. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, elliptical or obovate-elliptical, cuspidate,
base cuneate more or less narrowed along the petiole, rather shining* "and re-
ticulated above, dull and reddish beneath, the lateral nerves scarcely more
prominent than the venation, usually 3-6 in. long^ 2-3 in. wide. Petiole 2-
3 lines. Flowers axillary, in fascicles of 2 or 3, or solitary, on short, thick,
bracteate pedicels of 2-4 lines, or subsessile. ('alyx-lobes broadly ovate-
triangular, -about 2^ lines broad. Outer petals thick, broadly ovate, with
appressed silky-rusty hairs outside ; inner petals smaller, ovate, shortly acu-
minate, slightly narrowed at the base, keeled above. Carpels about 8 ; ovules
4-6 in one series. Styles hairy, closely packed, equalling the ovaries. Fniit-
carpels 1-2 in. long, oblong, 1- or few-seeded, smooth, glabrous, glaucous,
on stipes of 4-6 lines. — Melodorum africanum, Benth. in Linn. Trans, xxiii.
477.

Upper Guinea. St. Thomas's Island, Mann ! Dr. IFelicitsch ! Camaroons moun-
tain, 4000 ft., Mann !

2. X, rubescens, Oliv. A glabrous tree, or with the extremities ob-
soletely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-elliptical, 6-8 in. long, 2^-3
in. broad (but very imperfect in our specimen), glabrous. Flowers reddish-
yellow. Outer petals linear-lanceolate, thick, triquetrous above from a con-
cave base ; inner petals very much shorter, equalling the concavity of the
outer, boat-shaped, sharply keeled, with cuneate claws. Carpels 8-10, su-
bulate ; stigmas tapering. Ovules 5-6, uniseriate. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson !

3. X. sethiopica, A. Rick. Fl. Cub. 53 {in note). A tree sometimes
measuring 30-60 ft. in height, the extremities glabrous or obsoletely pubes-
cent. Leaves oblong-elliptical, usually shortly acuminate, coriaceous, shining
above, with minute, appressed hairs scarcely perceptible to the eye beneath,
3-7 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad. Petiole 1-2 lines. Flowers axillary, sub-
sessile or on very short pedicels, long and narrow, greenish, obtuse in bud.
Outer petals narrow-linear, from a concave base ; inner very narrow, rather
shorter, triquetrous, acute. Inner anthers inserted upon a deciduous sheath
surrounding the ovaries. Carpels numerous ; ovules 7-8, Uniseriate. Fruit-
carpels narrow^, torulose, glabrous, usually under 2 in. in length, 2-3 lines
diam. — Unona athio^ica^iiMxi. Anon. 113. Uvaria ^//^foj^fca, Guill. et Perr.

Xylopia.'] in. anonace^ (oliver). 81

M. Seneg. 9. Habzelia cethiopica, A. DC. Mem. Anon. 31. Xylopia undu-
lata (Jruit only), P. de Beauv. Fl. 0\v. et Ben. i. t. 16.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Leprieur, Perrottet, Ingram ! Sierra Leone, Afzelius !
Dr. Daniell ! Eppah, oa the Niger, Barter ! Prince's Island and Nun river, Mann !

4. X. parviflora, Benlh. in Linn. Travis, xxiii. 479. A shrub attaining
20 ft. in liei2:lit, the extremities glabrous or at first minutely pubescent.
Leaves oblong-elliptical, rather obtuse, often shortly and obtusely acuminate,
rather coriaceous, sparsely pubescent or glabrate beneath, 1-^-3 in. long, 10-
15 lines broad. Flowers on very short pedicels or subsessile ; buds silky,
narrow-conical. Outer petals about \ in. long in our specimens ; inner
petals linear-subulate, from a slightly dilated, concave, cuneately-clawed base.
Carpels about 16 ; stigmas tipped with a few bristle-like hairs ; ovules
several. Fruit-carpels oblong, thick, subsessile, 1-1^ in. long, nearly ^ in.
diam., usually with several (1-6) transverse seeds. — Uvarla parvijlora, GuiJl.
et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 9. t. 3. Ccelocline parvijlora, A. DC. Mem. Anon. 33.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Leprieur and Perrottet ; Niger, T. Vogel ! Bagroo
river, Mann !

Nearly allied to this plant or to X acutiflora must be Coilocline ? orypetala, A. DC.
Mem. Anon. 33 {Unona oxypetala, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 496), from Sierra Ltone, Afzelius.
It is described with the extremities rusty-pilose, with spreading hairs, glabrescent. Leaves
oval-oblong, acuminate ; midrib beneath pubescent. Pedicels axillary, very short. Calyi-
lobes broad, obtuse. Petals linear, acuminate, equal, nearly 1 in. long.

5. X. Thoxnsoni, Olivi. A tree, with pubescent twigs or sparsely pilose,
with spreading hairs. Leaves oval- or obovate-oblong, acuminate, rounded
or cuneate at the base, thinly coriaceous, obsoletely silky-pubescent beneath,
4-5 in. long, 1-li in. broad. Petiole 1-2 lines. Flowers light yellow,
sessile or subsessile, in axillary fascicles of 2 or 3, or solitary, with small
scaly bracts. Petals narrow-linear, tapering from a slightly broader base.
Filaments of the innermost stamens connate around the carpels. Carpels
about 20 ; ovules about 10, uniseriate. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson !

6. X. odoratissima, Welw. mss. A small, much-branched tree of
10-15 ft. Extremities leafy, pubescent. Leaves rather small and coriaceous,
elliptical or oblong-elliptical, obtuse rounded sometimes minutely emarginate
or more rarely subacute ; base broadly rounded or obtuse or scarcely sub-
cordate, obsoletely pubescent, at length glabrate above, thinly pilose-pubes-
cent, especially on the midrib, beneath; 1^-2 in. long, f-l^ in. broad; pe-
tiole 1-3 lines. Flowers yellowish-white, extremely fragrant, in axillary
fascicles of 2 or 3 or solitary, on very short bracteat€ pedicels, rarely 2 lines
long or subsessile. Bracts minute, scale-like, deciduous. Buds elongate,
rather obtuse. Calyx 3-fid; lobes broadly ovate, triangular. Outer petals
elongate, at length |-1 in. ; inner rather shorter or nearly equalling the
outer, linear-subulate, triquetrous above. Inner stamens inserted upon a
raised, hollow, deciduous disk, surrounding the ovaries; connective truncate,
slightly dilated. Carpels about 10. Ovaries pilose; styles subulate, pro-
jecting considerably beyond the andrcecium ; ovules 4-6. Fruit-carpels
oblique, shortly stipitate, 1-few-seeded, marked with prominent, longitudinal,
forking nerves, glabrous ; stipes 2-3 lines.

32 III. ANONACEiE (oliver). [Xylopia.

Ijower Guinea. Huilla, Benguella, Dr. Welwitsch ! Congo, Smith !

7. X. acutiflora, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. 55 {in note). A much-branched shrub
or small tree, with slender, minutely pubescent or pilose extremities. Leaves
oval- or lanceolate-oblong, usually narrowed to a rather obtuse or scarcely
acute point, more or less coriaceous, glabrous and rather shining above, mi-
nutely silky-pilose beneath or glabrescent, midrib pubescent or pilose ; 2-3
in. long, 7-12 lines broad; petiole 1-2 lines. Elowers axillary, 1-1 1- in.
long ; pedicels with 1 or 2 small bracts ; buds narrow, acuminate. Sepals
ovate, acute. Petals linear-subulate, at length more or less spreading ; styles
connivent in a subulate cone. Ovules 8-10, 2-seriate or sub-2-seriate.
Fruit-carpels oblong, scarcely torulose. — JJnona acutiflora. Dun. Anon. 116.
t. 22. Ccelocline acutiJJora, A. DC. Mem. Anon. 32. t. 5 C.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, on the Niger, Barter !
Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

8. X.? polycarpa, OUv. Leaves ovate or elliptical-oblong, subacumi-
nate, coriaceous, shining above ; pedicels short, axillary, solitary or in pairs.
Sepals lanceolate, 4-5 lines long. Petals about 1 in. long, thick, triquetrous,
toraentose externally. Fruit-carpels 30 or more, oblong, f in. long, gla-
brous, on stipes of 1-1 1^ in. — Anona ? polycarpa, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 499.
Ccelocline polycarpa, A. DC. Mem. Anon. 33. Melodorum ? polycarpum,,
Benth. in Linn. Trans, xxiii. 477.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius^ Daniel! !

The above description is taken from Mr. Bentham's memoir.

11. OXYMITRA, Blume ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 26.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, valvate in aestivation, free or connate
at the base. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series in sestivation ; the outer exceeding
the inner, often very much longer, tapering, erect or spreading ; inner petals
ovate oblong or ovate-lanceolate, connivent around the genitalia. Stamens
indefinite, linear, oblong or quadrate ; the connective usually produced be-
yond the cells of the sessile or subsessile anther, dilated and truncate (ex-
cepting in species 1 and 2). Torus more or less conical. Carpels lO-oo ;
style linear, oblong or obovoid, with 1 basal ovule or 1 to 3 superposed.
Fruit-carpels (known only in one African species) stipitate, 1- or 2-seeded.

Trees or shrubs, with penniveined leaves, glabrous or glabrescent in the African species.
"Flowers tolerably large, pedicellate, extra-axillary or axillary, solitary or fascicled, usually
yellow or greenish-white in the African species.

I follow Mr. Beuthara in including 0. hamata in the same genus with the three other
African species, which he associated with it in Oxymitra, although that species and 0. myris-
ticifolia appear to me generically different from the rest. They differ in the form of the
inner petals, their anthers without a dilated connective, and in their solitary erect ovules.

The genus is confined to the tropics of the Old World. None of the African species
occur out of the continent, and noue have been met with on its eastern side.

(§ Stenanthera.) Anthers linear, at least 5 times as long as broad;
connective not dilated and truncate. Ovules solitary.
Leaves oblong-elliptical. Sepals minute, triangular, acute, about
1 line long. Outer petals elongate, linear-lanceolate, often
hooked \. 0. hamata.

Oxi/milra.'] in. anonace^ (oi.ivek). 33

Leaves oblong-elliptical, elongate. Sepals ovate, acuminate, about

3 lines long. Outer petals broadly linear-lanceolate .... 2. 0. uujri.itinfolia.
Anthers less than 5 times as long as broad ; connective dilated nnd
truncate. Ovules 2 or 3.

Glabrous. Pedicels solitary. Sepals broadly ovate, 1 \ lines l<jng.

Outer petals ovate-lanceolate. Ovaries glabrous 3. (9. yracUipes.

Extremities puberulous. Pedicels solitary. Sepals ovate-oblong,
obtuse, 2-3 lines long. Outer petals broadly elliptical. Ovaries
pilose 4. O.plniypetula.

Pedicels in axillary fascicles, of 2-6. Sepals orbicular, 1 line diam.
Outer petals obovate-oblong. Ovaries glabrous ; stigma capi-
tate, sessile 5. 0. patens.

1. O. hamata, Benlh. in Linn. Trans, xxiii. 471. t. 50. A small tree,
with slender, rusty-pubescent or tomentose twigs. Leaves distichous, acumi-
nate, glabrous above, puberulous and glabrescent beneath, the midrib and
lateral nerves rusty-pubescent ; 3-5 iti. long, \-\\ in. broad ; petiole 2 lines.
Peduncles solitary, extra-axillary, 1 -flowered, 1-2 in. long, erect or ascend-
ing, thickened at the apex. Sepals recurved. Outer petals 2-2^ in. long,
2^-3 lines broad, base concave; inner petals very thick, concave below,
trigonous above, 4-6 lines long. Anthers 5-6 times as long as broad ; tlie
connective slightly produced, obtuse or rather acute, scarcely thickened.
Ovary villous, 1-ovulate ; stigma narrow, linear, at length clavate and obtuse.
Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Bagroo river, Mann !

2. O. myristicifolia, Oliv. Branches terete, soon glabrous. Leaves
rather coriaceous, acute or acujninate, rounded or obtuse at the base, glabrous
and smooth above, obsoletely pubescent glabrescent beneath ; midrib and
lateral nerves prominent, venation obscure; 8-10 in. long, 2|~3 in. broad;
])etiole 4-6 lines. Pedicels 1 or 2, erect, nearly 1 in. long, puberulous, on
very short axillary shoots or peduncles, 2-4 lines long. Sepals broadly ovate
below, abruptly acuminate. Outer petals "bright yellow," coriaceous, sub-
acute, sparsely pubescent outside, f-1 in. long in our specimen, but perhaps
not fully grown ; inner petals thick, concave below, thickened and trigonous
above, 5-6 lines long. Anthers elongate, narrowly linear; connective
scarcely produced beyond the cells and not thickened. Ovaries pubescent,
tapering into slender subulate styles ; ovules solitary, erect. Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson !

3. O. gracilipeSy Benth. I.e. A glabrous shrub of 25 feet with subcorin-
ceous, elliptical or oblanceolate-elliptical, rather obtusely acuminate leaves,
about 3 in. long, l^-l^ in. broad ; petiole 2 lines long. Flowers "green-
ish-white," on slender pedicels, 1 in. long or more. Sepals recurved.
Outer petals spreading, rather acute, in our specimens about \ in. long, but
probably not developed ; inner petals connivent, about half as h)ng. Anthers
short, with the thickened connective forming a capitate disk above the cells.
Ovaries tapering into short linear stigmas ; ovules 2, superposed. Fruit not
seen.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

4. O. platypetala, Benth. I. c. A small tree. Leaves submembra-

VOL. I. c

34 III. ANONACE.E (oliver). [Oxymitra.

nous, obovate-elliptical, shortly acuminate, more or less obtuse at the base,
glabrous, about 3 in. long, 1:^ in. broad ; petiole 1 line. Pedicels |-1 in.,
very slender, like the petioles puberulous. Outer petals obtuse, plane, 5-7
lines long in our specimen ; inner petals 2-3 lines, more or less connivent.
Anthers linear, 2-3 times as long as broad, with a dilated, rhomboidal, trun-
cate connective. Carpels numerous ; ovary and recurved stigma pilose ;
Ovules 3 or 2, superposed. Fruit not seen.
Upper Guinea. Bagroo river, Mann !

5. O. patens, Bentk. I.e. t. h\. A glabrous tree, attaining a height of
70 ft. Leaves rather coriaceous, at length oval-oblong or elliptical, some-
times narrow and elongate, acuminate, the base acute or cuneate ; shining,
with looped lateral nerves above ; 5-7 in. long, 1-|— If in. broad ; petiole 2-6
lines. Flowers greenish -yellow, on slender naked pedicels, f-1 in. long.
Outer petals obovate-oblong or oval, rather obtuse, 4-6 lines long, spreading ;
inner petals broadly ovate or triangular, connivent. Anthers very short,
truncate; connective much dilated over the cells. Carpels about 10; ovules
2, sometimes with a septum more or less developed between them. Unripe
fruit-carpels very shortly stipitate, globose, 1 -celled, or 2 -seeded with a dis-
sepiment between the seeds.

Upper Guinea. Eppah, on the Niger, Barter ! Bagroo river, Mann ! Old Calabar,
Thomson !

Dr. Welwitsch collected in the island of St. Thomas an Anonacea in fruit, which is pro-
bably allied to this species. The leaves are broader and the stipes of the globose carpels
\-^ an inch.

12. UNONA, Linn. f. ; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. PL i. 24.

Flowers hermaphrodite: Sepals 3, nearly or quite free in the African species,
valvate or very slightly imbricate at the base. Petals 6, in 2 series, plane,
spreading or the base more or less connivent around the genitalia, nearly
equal or the inner shorter or rarely wanting. Stamens indetinite, oblong-
quadrate or -cuneate ; connective thickened and globose or truncate and dilated
above the anther-cells. Torus plane or convex. Carpels indefinite (3 in
U. ? lepidota), free ; stigma ovate obovate oblong linear or clavate, sulcate on
the inner face (capitate in U. ? lepidota) ; ovules 2-oo, 1-seriate or sub-2-
seriate. Fruit-caipels usually stipitate, constricted between the seeds or con-
tinuous or ovoid. — Trees or shrubs, erect or scandent. Flowers solitary or
fasciculate, variable in size.

A genus confined to tropical Asia and Africa. The African species are endemic.
Carpels numerous (lO-oo).

Flowers rather large ; outer petals erect, connivent at the base, at

length narrowed above. Peduncles stout, 1-few-flowered . . \. JJ. Ursula.
Flowers small (^ in. or less) ; outer petals broadly ovate or ovate-
rotundate. Pedicels slender, solitary or fascicled.
Flowers in fascicles of 2-5.

Leaves sharply acuminate. Bracteoles small 2. Z7. lucidula.

Flowers solitary.

Bracts large, cordate, amplexicaul . Z. U. obovata. -

Bracts small, lanceolate or ovate. Leaves pilose-pubescent be-
neath 4. TJ.ferruginea.

Bracts small, lanceolate or lirear-lanceolate. Leaves glabrate . 5. U. parvlfolia.
Carpels 3. Acuminate leaves beneath and buds lepidote 6. U..'' lepidota.

l/NO/ia.] III. ANONACE.^ (OLIVER). 35

1 U. hirsuta, Benlk. in Linn. Trans, xxiii. 469. A shriil) of 20 ft., tlie
CKn-emities and under- surface of the leaves, especially on the prominent raid-
rib and lateral nerves, rusty hirsute-pilose. Leaves ellii)tical- or obovate-ob-
loiig, obtuse or retuse, cordate at the base, glabrescent above, paler, glaucous
and more or less hairy beneath, with transverse, subparallel veins, 4-G in.
long, 2-3 in. broad. Petiole 2-6 lines. Peduncles lateral or subterminal,
firm, 1- or few-Howered, 1-2 in. long or much shorter, with 1 or more silky-
pilose linear-lanceolate bracts. Sepals broadly ovate-lanceolate, acute, 5-6
lines long. Outer petals erect, obtusely pointed, shortly tomentose, 9-10
lines long, 6 lines broad, probably larger in fully-develo'ped flowers ; inner
petals much shorter, similar in form, erect, connivent at the base. Torus
plane. Carpels about 30, free, the ovary with appressed hairs ; stigma linear,
recurved, about equal in length to the ovary ; ovules 2, superposed. Fruit
not seen.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

2. U. lucidula, Oliv, A shrub, sometimes tree-like, 6-10 ft., with
loose spreading branches or subscandent. Extremities obsoletely pubescent
or glabrate. Leaves obovate-elliptical or oblanceolate-oval, sharply acumi-
nate, rounded or obtuse (except in the narrow-leaved forms) at the base,
glabrous and more or less shining above, intensely glaucous with rather pro-
minent midrib and lateral veins beneath. Flowers in leaf-opposed or terminal
fascicles of 2-5, on slender bracteate pedicels of -^-1 in. Bracts small, lan-
ceolate or ovate. Sepals free, ovate-elliptical, scarcely acute, persistent, at
length oblong-ovate. Stamens scarcely exceeding 20-30. Carpels about
10-20, with pilose ovaries ; ovules 3 or 4. Fruit-carpels scarlet, cylindrical-
torulose, 1-4-seeded, on stipes of 1-2 lines.

LiOiver Guinea. Golungo Alto and Pungo Andongo, Angola. Br. TTelwitsch !

3. U. obovata, Benih. in Linn. Trans, xxiii. 469. A small tree, with
slender, divaricate, minutely-pubescent twigs. Leaves membranous, obovate
or obovate-oblong, obtuse rounded or broadly and obtusely pointed, base
cordate or subcordate ; with minute, scattered hairs above, sparsely and
shortly pilose-pubescent beneath, 2-|-5 in. long, 1^-3 in. broad. Petiole 2-4
lines. Peduncles slender, 1-flowered, usually leaf-opposed, 1-2 in. in length,
with a sessile orbicular or ovate-cordate amplexicaul bract near the base.
Sepals rotundate, obtuse, about 2 lines long and broad, spreading, pilose-to-
mentose externally. Outer petals greenish, spreading, ovate-rotundate, ob-
tuse, about 3 times as long as sepals, shortly tomentose externally ; inner
petals shorter. Torus slightly convex. Ovaries densely pilose ; stigma ver\'
short, glabrous, obtuse or truncate. Fruit-carpels several, 1-3-seeded in the
specimen seen, constricted or continuous, glabrous, rugulose when dry, with
stipes of about \ inch.

Mozaxnb. Distr. Foot of Moraraballa, Zambesia, Dr. Kirk !

4. U. ferruginea, Oliv. A shrub usually more or less scandent, with
elongate lateral branches. Annual shoots rusty pilose-pubescent with short
spreading hairs. Leaves membranous, ovate-oblong or -elliptical, elliptical
or elongate-oblanceolate, apex rounded or slightly narrowed obtuse, base ob-

36 in. ANONACE.E (oLiVEii). [Unona.

tuse, narrow in the elongate form subcordate in the broader, glabrescent,
above the midrib minutely pilose, pilose-pubescent and glaucous beneath, the
midrib and lateral nerves rusty with short spreading hairs ; 3-6 in. long
more or less, 1^-3 in. broad above the middle. Petiole 1-2 lines. Flowers
solitary extra-axillary or leaf-opposed, on slender, pilose, bracteate pedicels of
\-\ in. Bracts small, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, near the base of the
pedicel. Calyx 3-fid ; lobes broadly ovate, persistent. Outer petals ovate ;
inner nearly equalling the outer. Connective much dilated. Carpels nu-
merous. Ovaries glabrous or thinly pilose on a hairy receptacle ; stigma
shorter than or equalling the ovary ; ovules 2, superposed. Fruit-carpels
scarlet, ellipsoidal or oblong, or 2-seeded and constricted between the seeds,
apiculate, glabrous, on stipes of about 1 line.

liOT^er Guinea. Golungo Alto and Cazeiigo, Angola. Dr. irelwitsch !

5. U. parvifolia, Oliv. A scandent shrub often with long weak
branches. Extremities rusty-pubescent. Leaves firmly membranous or sub-
coriaceous, oblanceolate- or obovate-oblong or elliptical-oblong, obtuse
shortly and obtusely pointed or somewhat emarginate, obtuse or rounded at
the base, minutely punctate and glabrate above, glabrescent with the mid-
rib pubescent-pilose beneath, varying from f-3^ in. in length, on petioles of
1-2 lines. Flowers usually solitary, on slender leaf-opposed or extra-axillary
pedicels of -^-f in. Bracts very small, linear or lanceolate, near the base of
the pedicels. Sepals nearly free, broadly ovate-rotundale. Outer petals
broadly ovate, exceeding the inner elliptical petals. Anthers truncate, the
connective rather broadly dilated. Carpels 12-15. Ovaries glabrous;
stigma sessile, obtuse or subcapitate ; ovules about 4-6, uniseriate. Fruit-
carpels scarlet, 1-4-seeded, cylindrical-torulose, apiculate or obtuse, on stipes
of 1-2 lines.

Iiower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

6. U,? lepidota, Oliv. A small tree of 25 ft., the twigs, leaves be-
neath, and buds covered with reddish-brown, glistening, peltate scurf-scales.
Leaves rather coriaceous, oval-oblong, acuminate, the midrib and lateral
nerves prominent below, glabrous above, 5-7 in. long, 1-2-2 in. broad.
Petiole 2-3 lines long. Flowers leaf-opposed or terminal, solitary, on pe-
duncles of 4-6 lines, not seen expanded. Buds broadly ovoid, umbilicate,
acute, \ in. broad and long. Sepals very small, bi-oadly ovate-triangular,
pointed, recurved. Petals nearly equal, rather thin, coriaceous, broadly
ovate, concave, valvate in aestivation ; the inner petals obsoletely puberulous,
not lepidote. Stamens very numerous and closely packed ; anthers sessile,
oblong-cuneate, connective dilated, truncate. Carpels 3, oblong, lepidote,
with sessile, capitate, obtuse, shortly pilose stigmas ; ovules numerous. Fruit
not seen.

Upper Guinea. River Muni, Mann !
A very doubtful member of the genus.

Unona? sp. A strong, glabrate, climbing shrub, with the extreme
branches often sharply decurved as cinhi. Leaves chartaceous, elongate-
oval, pointed or acuminate, glaucous beneath, 3-4 in. long, \-\^ in. broad.

UuOUa.'] III. ANONACE^ (OLIVEU). 37

Fruit-carpels about 8-15, 1-secded, ellipsoidal, about I in. long, 4-5 lines
broad, on stipes of \ in., more rarely 2-seeded, 1 in. in length. Flowers
not seen.

Ijower Gainea. Puiipo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

13. MONODORA, Dunal ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 26.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, free or connate at the base. Petals G,
valvate in two series, coherent at tlie base, 3 outer usually considerably larger
than the inner, spreading, ovate lanceolate or linear, usually with a much
crisped or undulated margin, 3 inner petals erect or connivent at least at
first, ovate or rotundate, narrowed into a more or less distinct claw. Stamens
indefinite ; anthers sessile, short, oblong or quadrate, with an obtuse or trun-
cate connective but slightly or not at all thickened beyond the cells. Ovmy
globose or ovoid, unilocular, with a sessile or subsessile peltate or obtuse
stigma sometimes minutely lobulate ; ovules indefinite, closely crowded upon
the walls of the ovary. Fruit globose or ovoid, 1-6 in. diam., smooth or
longitudinally and obscurely ridged, closely packed with an indefinite num-
ber of seeds.

A genus of 8 or 9 species (some of which are too imperfeclly known to be described),
confined to Tropica! Africa.

Monodora diflers I'roin all other genera of Anonaceas in having a syncarpous, onc-ccllid
ovary, with uumerous parietcil ovules, as well as in the spreading, undulated and variegated
outer petals, which are coherent at the base with the inner ])etals, as in TLexalohns. \\\
Monodora grandijiora the tlowers are about 6 in. across and the globose fruit 6 in. diam.

Branches and leaves entirely glabrous. Outer petals from lanceolate to
ovate, usually narrowed towards the extremity.

Peduncles bracteate from the middle to near the summit imnie-
diately under the flower. Inner petals ovate ovate-cordate or
cordate, with short pilose auricles, shortly clawed 1.3/. Mi/rijiiica.

Peduncles bracteate near tiie middle. Inner petals ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, with lateral pilose teeth, gradually narrowed into a
rather long claw 2. M. ienuifolia.

Peduncles bracteate near the middle. Inner petals with the lamina
broader than long, without lateral pilose teeth ; abruptly narrowed
above into a cusp or short acumen, below into a narrow claw . . 3. M. angolensis.

Peduncles bracteate at or below the middle. Inner petals orbicular,
concave, obtuse, with a pilose margin, abruptly narrowed into a

short cuneate claw 4.3/. brrvipes.

Extremities, pedicels, and petioles pilose or pubescent. Outer petals

very narrow linear 5. 3/. steunpeta'a.

1. M. Myristica, Dun. Anon. 80. Leaves obovate- or oblong-ellip-
tical, very shortly pointed or abruptly cuspidate, rounded obtuse or slightly
cordate at the base, at length firmly membranous or subcoriaceous, ^-1 It.
(or sometimes nearly 2 ft.) long, 1-8 in. broa<l, on the flowering shoots
usually comparatively small. Peduticles extra-axillary or leaf-opposed, oi\
young shoots or on short lateral twigs from wood of a previous yt-ar, 2 12
in. long. Bract leafy ovate or ovate-lanceolate near or above tiie middle or
sometimes at the summit of the peduncle. Flowers 1^6 in. across, fra-
grant. Sepals acuminate or tapering, uiululate. Outer petals more or Jtss
ovate-lanceolate, tapering, much crisped and undulate, greenish-white or

38 III. ANONACE^ (OLIVER). [Monodova.

yellowish, variegated with very dark blackish-red or purple-brown spots.
Inner petals shortly claw^ed, lamina ovate-cordate broadly cordate or ovate,
obtuse, more or less distinctly auricled at the base on each side ; auricles in-
curved, pilose ; the margin and sometimes the back of the petals are also
more or less pilose or puberulous, \-\ as long as the outer petals. Stigma
lobulate or nearly entire. Fruit large, globose, usually more or less distinctly
longitudinally striate or obscurely ridged, with a thick woody pericarp, 4-6
in. diam. — Bot. Mag. 3059. Xylopia undidata^ P. de Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. 27
t. 16 (excl.fr.).

Var. grandiflora (M. grandiflora, Beutb. in Linn. Trans, xxiii. 474, tabb. 52, 53.)
Leaves \-1 ft. Bract about tbe middle of the peduncle or a little above.

Upper Guinea. St. Thomas's and Prince's Islaud, Arabas Bay, Mann ! Old Calabar,
Thomson !

IjOTirer Guinea. Golunsjo Alto, Angola, in primeval forests attaining an elevation of
2400 ft. above the sea, Dr. Welwitsch !

In the original M. Myristica^ as described by Duual and Mr. Benthara from specimens
gathered from trees (one or two ?) introduced into the West Indies, where it is cultivated
under the name of the Calabash Nutmeg, the leaves are usually rather small, about 4-6 in.
long and 1-2 in. in breadth, and the bract is near the summit of the peduncle immediately
under the flower. I have not seen any wild specimens precisely corresponding to these cul-
tivated ones, but I feel little hesitation in regarding them as specifically the same.

Dr. Welwitsch describes the tree as growing to a height of 50-60 ft., with a trunk 2-2^
ft. diam.

2. M. tenuifolia, Benth. hi Linn. Trans, xxiii. 475. A tree from 7-30
ft. in height. Leaves membranous, oblanceolate or oval-oblong, acute or
shortly acuminate, at the time of flowering usually not exceeding 3-4 in. in
length, but not fully developed. Petioles 1-2 lines. Peduncles either from
the young extremities and nearly leaf-opposed or on short lateral shoots from
wood of the previous year, about 1-2 in. long, with an ovate or ovate-lan-
ceolate clasping bract. Flowers variable in size, at length 2-4 in. across. Se-
pals connate at the base, more or less ovate-lanceolate, tapering, acute or ob-
tuse, undulate. Outer petals pearly- or greenish-white marked with deep red,
crisped, ovate-lanceolate, tapering ; inner petals much shorter, the extremity
linear-oblong or obtusely acuminate, with a pilose lateral tooth on each side
near the middle. Fruit ovoid, attaining 4 in. in length and 3 in. diam.

Upper Guinea. Eppah and Aghamia, on the Niger, Barter ! Ambas Bay and Fer-
nando Po, Mann ! Old Calabar, Mann ! Thomson I

3. M. angolensis, Welwihch in Linn. Trans, xxvii. (ined.) t. 1. Per-
fectly glabrous. Leaves oblong-elliptical or obovate-oblong, shortly acumi-
nate or cuspidate, rounded or cuneate at the base, membranous at first, at
length more or less coriaceous, 2-6 in. long, 1-2| in. broad. Flowers 1^-3
in. diam. Peduncles 1-3 in. Sepals lanceolate, from a rather broad base,
crisped, deciduous. Inner petals with a transversely elliptical or oblong
lamina, terminating in an abrupt obtuse or rather acute cusp or acumen much
shorter or sometimes nearly equalling the shorter diameter of the lamina ;
claw narrow, 2-3 lines long, more or less puberulous-tomentose on the
margin or nearly glalirons, destitute of the lateral, pilose, tooth-like appen-
dage of the lamina of M. tenuijolia. The inner petals are coloured rose or
pink, at least towards the margin ; the outer variegated with deep red or pur-

Monodora.] iii. anonace^e (oliver). 39

plish black. Fruit ovoid-ellipsoidal, 4 in. long, 2a-3 in. diam., marked will)
faint longitudinal ridges, very shortly and abruptly apiculate, at length tardily
opening more or less longitudinally.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson !

liower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola; a tree of 15-25 ft., in elevated primeval
forests, Dr. Weiwitsch !

Var. sempervirens. Leaves shining above. Petioles glaucous. Pungo Andongo, Dr.
Welwitsch !

4. M. brevipeSy Benth. I. c. A tree attaining 30-40 ft. in height.
Leaves firmly membranous or at length coriaceous, obovate-oblong or ob-
ovate-elliptical, shortly and abruptly acuminate, the narrowed base very ob-
tuse or rounded, midrib aud lateral nerves prominent below ; 6-12 in. long,
3-5 in. broad. Flowers 1-2 in. diam., solitary or two together, on pedicels
1-2 in. long, from nodes on the branches of a previous year; at first white,
changing to dull yellow veined with red. Pedicel with 1 or 2 coriaceous,
rotundate or ovate bracts. Sepals 4-5 lines long, very obtuse and but
slightly wavy. Outer petals obovate-lanceolate, with a crisped martjin, about
1 in. long, narrowed to the base ; inner petals rotundate or orbicular, about
7-8 lines diam. Fruit globose, nearly 3 in. diam., either without longi-
tudinal ribs or faintly ridged ; pericarp thick, coriaceous and somewhat
woody.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po and Prince's Island, 3Ian7i !

5. M, stenopetala, Oliv. A small tree or shrub, flowering before the
leaves are fully developed. Leaves obovate or obovate-oblong, obtuse or
rounded at the extremity, on short pubescent petioles (not seen fully grown).
Flowers numerous along the slender naked twigs, usually from nodes on the
branches of the previous season. Pedicels slender, straight, 4-6 lines long,
with a small obtuse bract near the middle. Flowers yellow. Sepals very
shortly connate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, 2| lines long. Outer petals widely
spreading, ly-2 in. long, tapering from the middle, which is about 2 lines
broad, slightly wavy ; inner petals at first erect or connivent, 2^-4 lines
long ; lamina ovate-rotundate, obtuse, setose-pilose on the inner face, abruptly
narrowed into a linear-oblong claw equalling or exceeding it in length.
Stigma obtuse.

Mozamb. Distr. Rapids of the Shire, Dr. Kirk ! West of Lake Nyassa, Livingstone
Expedition I

An imperfect fruit, apparently of a Monodora, collected by Dr. Kirk in 1861, labelled from
the Shire Rapids, is in the Kew Museum and probably belongs to this species. It is some-
what (obliquely) ovoid or slightly narrowed at each end ; the pericarp coriaceous aud rugose.

In the Kew herbarium and Museum there are fruits belonging apparently to three undc-
scribed species of Monodora; —

1. Niger, Barter. Globose, about 8 in. diam., without ribs or striae and with a compa-
ratively thin pericarp.

2. Zambesi, Kirk. Also globose, about 1 \ in. diam., and marked with raised ribs, which,
however, may be due to shrivelling.

3.? Rovuma, Meller. Pressed fruits and leaves. The fruit apparently ellipsoidnl ; the
pericarp thin, 2-3 in. long. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, 3-5 in. long. This may possibly be
il/. stenopetala, or perhaps not a Monodora at all.

40

Oeder IV. MENISPERMACE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers small, dioecious. Sepals usually 6, sometimes 9-12, rarely 4 or 1,
nearly always free, usually imbricate, in 2-4 series ; the outer smaller, often
very minute. Petals 6, shorter than or not exceeding the inner sepals, rarely 4
or fewer, free or united (in Clssampelos) or 0. Male fl. : Stamens equal in
number and opposite to the petals, rarely fewer or more, free or united ; an-
thers free, 2-4-celled, dehiscing longitudinally or transversely, or connate in
a peltate disk. Female fl. : Staminodia 6 or 0. Carpels free, usually 3, in
few genera 1 or 6-12, sessile or stipitate ; stigma terminal, entire or divided.
Ovules solitary, usually amphitropous. Fruit-carpels drupaceous, with the
scar of the style subterminal or, by excentric growth, brought near to the base.
Seed concave or sulcate on the inner face, often curved in the form of a
horseshoe around an intruded portion of the putamen, with uniform or rumi-
nate albumen or exalbuminous ; embryo with the cotyledons appressed or
divaricate. — Climbing or twining shrubs or more rarely perennial herbs.
Leaves alternate, exstipulate, usually palminerved, entire or lobed. Flowers
small or minute, fascicled, cymose racemose or panicled, rarely solitary.

A considerable tropical Order, with a few species extending into cool countries both in
the New and Old World. The species are generally easily recognizable by their climbing
habit, minute unisexual 3-merous flowers, with stamens o[)posile to the petals, apocarpous
pistil and the form of the seed. Several of the t'ollovviiig genera are confined to tropical
Africa, but as some of them rest upon imperfect material, it is uncertain whether they can
be maintained.

In some of the genera it is difficult to know what to call sepals, petals, and bracteoles.
In doubtful cases I have generally employed the terms used in the ' Genera Plautarum.'
Drupes with the scar of the style near the apex.

Stamens 6, more or less connate ; anthers 2-locular, dehiscing lon-
gitudinally 1. Chasmantheba.

Stamens 6, free or united below ; anthers 4-lobed, dehiscing trans-
versely 2. Jateorhiza.

Stamens 6, free ; anthers 2-locular, dehiscing longitudinally . . 3. Tinospora.

(See 8. Rhigiocarya, and 9. Triclisia.)
Drupes with the scar of the style near the base.
Carpels 9-12.

Sepals 6. Petals 6. Stamens 6, free or united below ... 4. Tiliacoha.

(See 9. Triclisia.)
Carpels 3. Stamens 3-9, free or the filaments united below.

Sepals 6. Petals 6. Stamens 6, free 5. CoccuLUS.

(See 10. Synclisia; 11. Penianthus ; 12. Syrrhonema.)
Carpel solitary. Stamens with the anthers united into a peltate
disk.
Male fl. : Sepals 4. Petals united into a minute cupuliform

corolla. Female fl. : Sepal 1 6. Cissami'klos.

Male fl. : Sepals 6 (or more). Petals 3-5, free. Female fl. :

Sepals 3-4 7- Stephania.

1. CHASMANTHERA, Hochst. ; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. PI i. 34.

Sepals 6, in 2 series ; 3 inner larger, membranous. Petals 6, shorter than
the inner sepals, thickened along the middle and towards the base. Male fl. :

Chasmanlhera.'] iv. menispeumace.e (olivlk). 41

Stamens 6, raonadelphous ; filaments free above or united to the anthers (or
3 outer free in C. ? nervosa) ; ant liers free (ohovoid or ellipsoidal in Niger
specimens), 2-locular, dehiscin^^ longitudinally. Female fl. : Staminodia'^G.
Carpels 3, each narrowed above into a short acuminate, linear, recurved style.
Drupes ovoid, with the slightly oblique scar of the style near the apex.
Putamen thin, very concave on the inner face, the intruded portion nearly
hemispherical. Seed raeniscoid, with ruminate albumen. Cotyledons broad,
laterally divaricate. — A climber with large, membranous, cordate leaves.
Flowers in siaiple axillary racemes.

The genus consists of a single species, if the Niger specimens be rightly referred to the
same as the Abyssinian, upon which the original description of the genus was based. I
have not found a seed in any of the drupes which I have opened. The above description of
it is from the * Genera Plantarura.'

Annual shoots and leaves pubescent. Racemes simple, solitary. Sta-
mens monadelphons 1. C. dependent.

Wholly glabrous. Racemes (cj) simple or panicled, two or three

together. Three outer stamens free 1. C. ? nervosa.

1. C. dependens^ Hochd. in Flora, 1844, 21. Stem with softly pubes-
cent or shortly pilose annual branches. Leaves cordate, entire or more or
less distinctly 3-lobed towards the apex, lobes distant rounded, or obtuselv
angular or broadly and obscurely 5-7-sinuate-lobed, extremities of the lobes
with or without the short, soft, ex current tip of a nerve, sinus of the cor-
date base broad and rounded or narrow and deep; thinly membranous, very
shortly and softly pubescent, usually 3-6 in. broad; petiole 2-4 inches.
Kacemes axillary, 3-9 in. long. ]3racts filiform or subulate, pilose, 2-3 lines
long. Male Howers solitary or 2 or 3 in the axil of each bract; pedicels
shorter than or scarcely equalling the bract. Fruit-pedicels patent, at length
recurved, exceeding the bracts.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! (? Unyoro, Speke and Orant, an imperfect speci-
men.)

Barter describes the tlowers as green, the fruit scarlet.

2. C. ? nervosa, Miers in Ann. Nat. IIIU. Ser. 3. xiii. 487. Leaves cor-
date, shortly acuminate or apiculate, 5-r.erved, 2|-4 in. broad, on petioles of
2-3 in. Male flowers in simple or paniculate axillary racemes, nearly equal-
ling the petioles, usually 2 or 3 together. Stamens 6 ; 3 outer free ; 3 inner
connate throughout; anthers 2-celled. Female flowers and fruit unknown,
unless the fruiting specimen described by Mr. Miers, under the name o{ Rhiyio-
carya, belong to this species, which appears to me not improbable. Perhaps
both 0. ? nervosa and C. dependens might be merged in Tinospora, as sug-
gested to me by Dr. Thomson.

Upper Guinea. Bagroo river, Mann I

2. JATEORHIZA, Miers ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 34.

Sepals 6, in 2 series, nearly equal or the inner slightly larger. Petals f.,
shorter than the sepals, with involute margins. Male fl. : Stamens fi ; fila-
ments free or more or less connate below ; anthers free, extrorse. 4-lubed. de-

42 TV. MENisPEiiMACEiE (oliver). \Jateorluza.

hiscing widely and transversely, showing the 4 minute cells. Female fl. :
Carpels 3, with reflexed divided or torn stigmas. Drupes ovoid, with the
scar of the style nearly terminal. Putameu rather concave (/. Columba) or
with a smaller open cavity (/. strigosa) on the inner face. Seed meniscoid ;
albumen more or less ruminate. Embryo with laterally divaricate cotyledons.
^ — Climbers with large membranous palinately-lobed leaves. Male flowers in
long, slender, axillary, racemose panicles, usually sessile on the short lateral
branches ; female flowers in simple or nearly simple racemes.

Basal-lobes of the leaves open or slightly overlapping at the sinus. Brac-

teolts setose-ciliate. Filaments more or less united below . . . . 1. /. strigosa.

Basal-lobes rounded and not overlapping. Male inflorescence setose-hispid.

Bracteoles setose-ciliate. Filaments free 2. /. Columha.

Basal-lobes more or less overlapping. Male inflorescence nearly glabrous.

Bracteoles sepal-like, without or sometimes with cilia 3. /, Miersii.

1. J, strigosa, Miers in Fl. Nigrit. 213. An extensive climber; the
stem very rough, with spreading setae or hispid-pilose on the young branches.
Leaves 3-5-lobed ; base deeply cordate; lateral and terminal lobes deltoid
or rounded with a short acumen, glabrous or glabrescent excepting on the
nerves and frequently the veins, which are more or less scattered with short
setae; 5-10 in. diam., on hispid petioles of variable length. Bracts of the
long slender racemose panicles of male flowers ciliate with long setae as well
as the bracteoles on the short lateral branches. Drupes setose, about f in.
long. — Cocculus ? macranihus, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. t. 18 (the male inflorescence
incorrectly drawn); Hook. Ic. PL 759.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vogel ! Barter ! Mann !
IjOT7^ Guinea. Congo, Tuckey {Miers).

2. J. Columba, Miers in Fl. Nigrit. 214, in note. Stem rough with
spreading setse or hispid. Leaves 5- or 3-lobed, deeply cordate at the base,
terminal and lateral lobes extending one- third or halfway to the petiole, more or
less broadly ovate- or triangular-rotundate, or the central lobe broadly obovate,
each usually with a short acumen and sometimes a lateral tooth, shortly hispid
or hispid-pubescent above and below or sometimes glabrescent excepting on
the veins ; from 6 to 8 in. diam. to twice as large, on hispid petioles of 4-8 in.
Eacemose panicles of male flowers very slender, 6 in. to 1 foot or more in
length, the flowers sessile or subsessile on the nearly glabrous, filiform, lateral
branches ; bracts and bracteoles setose-ciliate. Drupes ovoid, setose, in ra-
cemose clusters of 4-6 in., i-f in. long, obtuse or scarcely pointed. — Cocculus
pulmatus, DC. Svst. Veg. i. 522, and Wall. Cat. 4953 A. Menispermum

Columba, Eoxb. PL Ind. iii. 807.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Br. Kirk ! " near Oiba and Mozambique " {Roxb. -Fl.
Ind. iii. 807).

This plant furnishes the Columba root used in medicine.

3. J. Miersii, OUv. Stem sparsely setose or strigose. Leaves very
large, membranous, 5-lobed or with an additional obscure lobe on each side of
the deeply cordate base ; lobes broad, extending half to one-third of the
way to the petiole, very shortly acuminate or acute; sinus at the base very

Jateorhiza.'] iv. MENisPERMACEJi (oliver). 43

narrow, with short scattered setae on the nerves and veins above and beneath ;
often more than 1 ft. diam. ; petiole 6 in. or more. Male flowers in long
racemose panicles; bracts linear-subulate, setose-ciliate. Female flowers oi.
short, patent pedicels. I have not seen the fruit. — Cocculus palmatus, Hook.
Bot. Mag. 2970-7 I, non DC— Jateorhiza pahnala, Miers, 1. c.

Mozamb. Distr. Mozambique (also iu Madagascar, Bojer). I have only seen culti-
vated specimens.

This plant toay prove to be a variety of/. Columba, but the few specimens which I have
seen would scarcely warrant their being united at present. As the specific name palmata
has been applied both to this species and the foregoing, I have thought it better to sink it
altogether to avoid further confusion.

3. TINOSPORA, Miers ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 34.

Sepals 6, in 2 series ; 3 inner larger. Petals 6, shorter than the inner
sepals, shortly narrowed to the base. Male fl. : Stamens 6, free; anthers
ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 2-locular, dehiscing longitudinally. Female fl. : Sta-
minodia 6, Carpels 3, with torn stigmas. Drupes ovoid or plano-convex,
with the scar of the stigma near the apex ; putamen slightly concnve on the
inner face. Seed meniscoid ; albumen fleshy, ruminate. Embryo rather
cui-ved, with laterally divaricate cotyledons. — Climbing slirubs. Leaves usually
cordate. Racemes simple, slender, axillary or terminal, with fascicled or
solitary flowers.

A small genus, with 4 Asiatic, 2 Australian, and 1 African species. The dcscriplion of
the female flower and fruit is from the ' Genera Plantarum.'

1. T. Bakis, Miers in Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 2. vii. 38. A dimber, with
usually more or less verrucose thick and fleshy bark ; glabrous or the annual
shoots very thinly or obsoletely pubescent. Leaves cordate, acute or obtuse,
entire, glabrous, somewhat coriaceous or rather fleshy, in our specimens not
exceeding 1^ in. in breadth, on petioles, of about half their length. Riicemes
simple, axillary or terminating lateral, leafy shoots. Flowers fascicled or
solitary, in the axils of minute, subulate or lanceolate, glabrous bracts. Male
flowers with the inner sepals spreading, shortly narrowed to the base. Fila-
ments not thickened above. Female flowers and fruit I have not seen. —
Cocculus Bakis, Rich, in Fl. Seneg. 12. t. 4.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Leprieur and Heudelot !

Nile Iiand. Senuar, Kotschy !

Probably to this species, an itnperfect specimen, with S A-, from the Zambesi country
{Br. Kirk), may be referred. The filaments appear to be adherent below to their opposed
petals, but this is uncertain. It is described under the name of T. tenera, by Mr. Miers
(Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xiii. 322).

4. TILIACORA, Colebrooke ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 36.

Sepals 6, in two series, 3 outer smaller, inner valvate or scarcely ind)ricate.
Petals 6, shorter tjian the inner sepnls cuneate or unguiculate. Male tl. :
Stamens 6, free or connate belo.v ; anthers bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally.
Female fl. : Carpels 9-12 ; styles subulate. Drupes stipitate, obovate, laterally
compressed, the scar of the style near the hiluni. Putanuii sulfate. Seed

44 IV. MEN1SPEKMACE.E (olivp:r). [TUiacora.

curved ; embno nearly the length of the seed, with fleshy appressed coty-
ledons in a ruminate albumen. — Leaves more or less ovate. Inflorescence in
paniculate racemes.

The original and only species of the genus besides the following is a widely-ditfused In-
dian plant.

1. T. ? funifera, Oliv. Leafy extremities glabrous. Leaves ovate-
oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, coriaceous, 3-nerved, 3-4
in. long, 1^-2 in. broad. Petiole |-1 in. Inflorescence from nodes on
the old wood. Male flowers in fasciculate, pubescent racemes about 2 in.
long. Pedicels bearing 3-9 sessile flowers, 1-1 ^ ^i^^^s long. Bracts lan-
ceolate, much shorter than the pedicels. Three inner sepals valvate, obovate-
elliptical. Petals half as long as the inner sepals, ovate-cordate, unguiculate,
with thickened margins. Male fl. : Stamens 6, free nearly from the base (or
connate below, Dr. Kirk)\ anthers small, ovoid, adnate, 2-celled, the cells
divergent below and dehiscing longitudinally. Female flowers not seen ; ac-
cording to Dr. Kirk with about 12 carpels upon a central gynophore.

South Central. Victoria Falls, Br. Kirk !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesia, ])rs. Kirk and Meller !

I believe this plant to be the same as indicated by Mr. Miers (Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xiv.
364) as a species of Ili/pserpa {H.funifera), but as Dr. Kirk describes the carpels as about
12 in number, it appears more nearly allied to TUiacora, as suggested by Dr. Kirk. Dr.
Meller describes this plant as reaching a height of 30 or 40 ft., and "everywhere thickly
loaded with flowers."

5. COCCULUS, DC; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 36.

Sepals 6, in two series, 3 inner larger. Petals 6, shorter than the inner
sepals, entire or bidentate, concave or with involute margins embracing tiie
stamens. Male fl. : Stamens 6, free, with 4-lobed anthers. Female fl. : Sta-
minodia 6 or 0. (Jarpels 3, with erect or recurved undivided styles. Drupes
rotundate or obovate, compressed, with the scar of the style near tiie b^sc.
Putamen tuberculate or transversely rugose. Seed horseshoe-shaped, curved
around opposite intruded processes of the putamen ; embryo with linear, ap-
pressed cotyledons in a small quantity of fleshy albumen. — Climbers or
rarely nearly erect. Leaves various in form but not peltate and rarely cordate.
Flowers fascicled or solitary, cymose or paniculate, axillary.

The two tropical African species have a wide distribution in the hotter parts of Asia, where
a few other species of the genus are also indigenous. Two species are American.

Rarauli glabrous or nearly so. Leaves usually with a cuneate base, gla-
brous or puberulous at first. Apex of the petals undivided . . . . 1. 6'. Leceba.

Ramuli pilose or hoary-tomentose. Leaves usually truncate, broadly

rounded or even cordate at the base, pilose or pubescent. Petals bidentate "2. C. villosvs.

1. C. Leaeba, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 529. A much-branched climber with
slender glabrous or glabrate, striate, pale or ashen, leafy ramuli. Leaves
small, rather coriaceous, lanceolate-oblong or -ovate or obtusely trapezoidal,
entire or sometimes obscurely lobed, usually obtuse, rarely retuse, mucronate,
cuneate or rather rounded at the base, glabrous or puberulous at first, more
or less glaucous, \-\^ in. long, ^-f in. broad. Petiole 1-3 lines. Flowers

CoCCnluS.] IV. MENISPERMACE,*: (oLIVER). 45

small, axillary, the males fascicled, sessile or shortly pedicellate, the females
solitary or in pairs on pedicels of 2-4 lines. — C. ellipiicus, DC. Syst. Veg. i.
526.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet, Heudelot I
North Central. Kouka, J5;. Vogel !
Nile Iiand. Senuar, Kotschij !

A variable plant with a very wide range, extending from the arid regions of India and
Afghanistan, through Arabia and Egypt, to the Cape Verd Islands.

For synonymy, see ' Flora ludica,' i. 192, of Drd. Hooker and Thomson.

2. C. villosus, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 525. Leaves ovate-oblong or ellip-
tical or subdeltoid or even cordate, obtuse or retuse and rainutelv inucronate,
rarely acute, younger leaves more or less pilose or softly pubescent, on the
ramuli |-2 in. long, |-1| in. broad. Petiole 1-3 lines. Male flowers fas-
cicled, sessile or shortly pauicled. Females usually fascicled or solitarv, sub-
sessile, shortly pedicellate or rarely racemose. — Holopeira torrida, Miers in
Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xix. 29.

Mozamb. Distr. Shire river, above the cataracts, Dt. Kirk !

A very common and widely-spread species in India. It occurs also in extratropical
"Western Africa {Curror)

6. CISSAMPELOS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 37.

Male fl. : Sepals 4 (or 5). Petals 4 or fewer, much shorter than the
sepals, united into an entire or divided cup-shaped corolla ; anthers 2-5,
united into a peltate (4-10-lobulate) disk, polliniferous and dehiscing around
the margin. Female fl.: Sepal (or bracteolej 1, subtending a single entire
or 2-lobed petal (or sepal). Carpel solitary, with a 3-fid or 3-dentate or
sometimes irregularly-cut style. Drupe compressed or subglobose, with the
scar of the style near to the hilum. Putamen compressed, the margin tu-
bercled, the sides depressed with a transverse process extending across the
inside of the base of the cavity. Seed horseshoe-shaped, curved aroimd the
intruded process of the putd,men ; embryo linear, with appressed cotyledons,
in a small quantity of albumen. — Climbers. Leaves usually cordate or reni-
form. Male flowers cymose ; female racemose' often clustered in the axils
of leafy bracts.

A genus principally confined to the tropics, widely spreading in both hemispheres.

Pubescent tomentose or rarely glabrate. Leaves with the sinus deepest at

the insertion of the petiole (or peltate). Male flowers pilose . . . . \. C. Pareira.

Glabrous or nearly so. Leaves with the lamina usually slightly produced
to the petiole in the middle of the sinus. Male rtowers glabrous or sub-
glabrous 2. (7. toruhsa.

Leaves peltate, glabrous, rather shining and reticulate above, paler and

puberulous beneath. Pedicels pilose 3. C insoliia.

1. C. Pareira, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 100. Leaves reniform-cordate,
cordate or rotundate-deltoid, entire or rotundate and broadly and obscurely
lobed, pubescent, shortly pilose or tomentose or sometimes nearly glabrous,
at least above, usually obtuse and mucroiiate or emarginate, cordate at the
base, with the petiole inserted at the base of the sinus, or more or less dis-
tinctly peltate and truncate. Male flowers minute, in many-flowered axillary

46 IV. MENISPERMACE.E (oliver). [Cissampelos.

or sliglitly extra-axillary cymes or small cymose panicles. Female inflores-
cence racemose, the flowers on very short pedicels, clustered in the axils of
rotundate cordate or reniform leafv bracts. Drupes pilose or glabrate. — C.
wucronata, Rich, in Fl. Seneg. i. 11. C. Vogelii, Miers in Fl. Nio-rit. 214.
C. comata, Miers, 1. c. 215. C. macrostachya, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossanib.
172. C. senensis and C. hirta, Klotzsch, 1. c. C. aristolochiafolia, Fenzl in
Flora, 1844, 312.

For extended synonymy, see ' Flora Indica,' i. 198, of Drs. Hooker and Thomson, or
Eichler in Martius' Fl. Brasiliensis, Menisp. 188.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot I etc. Nigritania, E. Vogel !

North Central. Bornu, E. Vogel!

Nile Land. Sennar, Kotschy !

South Central, Baines !

Mozamb. Distr. Zarabesia, Br. Kirk !

Var. owariensis {C. owariensis, Beauv. ; DC. Prod. i. 100). Leaves usually obscurely
3- or eveu 5-angled, the lobes broad, obscure, and mucrouulate ; distinctly peltate. Bracts
rather large, reticulate, ^-1 in. diam., broadly ciliate.

Lagos, etc., Barter I Fernando Po, Mann I Congo, Smith! ((?. hirta, Miers in Ann.
Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xvii. 136, a variety with patent hairs on the stem and petioles.) C. zai-
rensis, Miers, 1. c, I think may also be a form of C. Pareira.

Widely diffused throughout tropical America and Asia. It occurs at Natal.

2. C. torulosa, E. Mey. in Herb. Drege. A slender climber. Leaves
reniform, with a very broad sinus or sometimes nearly truncate, and then
semiorbicular ; the petiole usually inserted in a more or less produced often
cuneate central portion of the sinus, often slightly within the margin. Male
cymes on filiform peduncles.

Mozamb. Distr. Moramballa, 3000 ft., Br. Kirk!

Occurs also in the eastern districts of the Cape and at Natal. Perhaps a variety of C.
Pareira.

3. C. iusolita, Miefs in Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xvii. 136. A slender
climber. Leaves peltate, rotundate- or deltoid-cordate, acute obtuse or
shortly acuminate, firmly membranous, glabrous, rather shining and reticu-
lated above, paler and minutely puberulous beneath, 8-4 in. broad, on slender
petioles of 1^-2 in. Male flowers in slender, axillary, somewhat cymose,
pubescent panicles, l|-2 in. long in our specimens. Bracts and bracteoles
minute. Female flowers and fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Corisco Bay, Mann !

7. STEPHANIA, Lour. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 37.

Sepals of the male flowers 6 (or more), in two series ; of the female
flowers 3 (or 4). Petals 3(-5), free, shorter thau the sepals. Male fl. :
Anthers 6, united into a peltate polliniferous disk, continuous round the mar-
gin in dehiscence, supported upon a short column. Female fl. : Carpel soli-
tary, with 3 short, divergent, linear styles. Drupes compressed, with the
scar of the style near to the base. Putamen tubercled or transversely ridged.
Embryo linear, horseshoe-shaped, with appressed cotyledons, in a small quan-
tity of albumen. — Leaves usually peltate. Fiowers umbellate or (in S. ? Ica-
tificata) in long slender panicles.

Slephania .'] TV. MKNisPERMACE.t (oliver). 47

A small genus of 3 or 4 species, confined to the Eastern hemisphere. The description of
the embryo is from the Gen. Plantarum.

Leaves entire or nearly so. Flowers in compound umbels, usually shorter

than the leaves - • • \. S. abi/ssinica.

Leaves crenately undulate. Flowers in long racemose (3-pinnate) panicles,

exceeding the leaves 2. S.? lalificata.

1. S. abyssinica, Rkh. Fl. Abyss, i. 9. ^. 4 (Slenaphia). A twining
or climbing shrub with subdeltoid rotundate or ovate, acute or obtuse,
peltate, glabrous leaves, entire or undulate, paler or somewhat glaucous be-
neath, usually I3— 2|(-5) in. broad, lJ-4(-5) in. long. Petiole f-2 in.
Peduncles axillary, short or sometimes equalling the leaves. Umbels twice
or thrice compound. Petals 3 or 4, shorter than the inner sepals, broadly
obovate or transversely rhomboid-elliptical, varying in breadth. — Clypea ahys-

'sinica, Dill, et Rich, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xiv. 38. CissnmpeJos nymphece-
folius, Br. in Salt. App. 65. Menispennum (Cocculus) Schimperi, Hochst.

in PI. Schimp. Abyss. Ileocarpus Schimperi, Miers in Ann. Nat. Hist.

Ser. 3. xiv. 373.

Upper Guinea. Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, 3-5000 ft. (S. laevigata, Miers in
Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xviii. 16), Mann I Camaroons mountain, 7000 ft. (5. bullulata,
Miers, 1. c), Mann !

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Dillon and Petit ! dindi others.

It is very nearly allied to S. rotunda, Lour., as well as to S. hernandifolia, Walp., with
the latter of which it is united in the ' Flora Indica.' The inflorescence, however, is that
of S. rotunda.

The portion of the endocarp around which the seed is curved (condyle) in S. hernandi-
folia is usually minutely perforate, though sometimes the orifice is entirely obliterated. The
latter is the case in the tropical African fruits (both Abyssinian and Western) which I have
examined, but it is also the case occasionally in Indian specimens of S. hernandifolia (Ca-
char, Drs. Hooker and Thomson). Upou this distinction Mr. Miers chiefly bases his genus
Ileoca7-pus.

2. S. ? Isetificata^ Miers fPerichasma) in Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xviii.
22. A widely spreading climber, the branches loosely pilose, with long spread-
ing hairs. Leaves ovate or rotundate-ovate, peltate, obtuse or rather acute,
apiculate, undulate-crenate, laxly ciliate, glabrous or with a few hairs on the
midrib above ; paler or glaucescent, pilose, at length glabrescent beneath ; 4-5
in. broad, 5-6 in. long. Petiole with a few long loose hairs or glabrous,
3-5 in. long. Male flowers shortly pedicellate, in long, slender, axillary
panicles nearly twice as long as the leaves, with lateral branches of 1-2 in.,
more or less puberulous, minute. Sepals 6, 3 outer rather shorter, 3 inner
obovate. Petals 3, shorter than the inner sepals, rather thick, rotundate.
Anthers peltate-capitate, the outer margiti of the poUiniferous disk patcUi-
forni after dehiscence. Female flowers and fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

From the resemblance of the male flowers to those of a true Stephania, this plant may
well be left here until the fruit be obtained.

GENERA IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

8. RHIGIOCARYA, Miers in Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xiv. 100.
In Mr. Barter's Niger collections there is a very imperfect specimen in

48 IV, MENisPERMACE.?: (oliver). [RJiigiocurya.

fruit, which Mr. Miers has described under the above name. Neither ^ nor
$ flowers have been seen. The few dru)3es which we have are all loose,
and whether solitary or several to each flower is doubtful. They are oblong-
ellipsoidal, slightly compressed, about 7 lines long and 4-5 lines broad. The
outer layer of the back of the pericarp resolves itself in decay into a closely
echinate surface, hence the name. The seed is oval-oblong, meniscoid ; the
condyle nearly as long as the seed, with a cavity of 3 lines. Mr. Miers de-
scribes the seed as albuminous and the embryo with divaricate cotyledons.
The solitary leaf is cordate and about 5 in. broad ; the inflorescence a ra-
ceme of about the same length. This plant may be a Thio8pora or, perhaps,
and more probably, Chasmanthkra nervosa^ Miers.

9. TRICLISIA, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 39.

Sepals 9-1.5, 6-12 outer imbricate in 2-4 series, successively larger, the
outermost minute, 3 (or 6) inner sepals larger, valvate in aestivation. Petals
0 (or 6, reduced to minute teeth). Male fl, : Stamens 6 or 3, free ; the
anthers incurved bilocular apiculate or muticous, the cells divergent or nearly
parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Pudiment of the ovary reduced to a
fascicle of hairs. Pemale flowers not seen. Drupes (only known in one im-
perfect specimen, probably numerous, "3?" according to Mr. Bentham) ob-
liquely ovoid, scarcely compressed, scar of the style lateral (or nearly ter-
minal?). Putamen bony, neither chambered nor intruded excepting as a
slightly prominent transverse ridge across the inner face at the hilum. Seed,
according to Mr. Bentham, reniform, exalbuminous ; embryo with fleshy,
semicylindrical, nearly conferruminate cotyledons. — Climbers. Leaves broadly
ovate cordate or orbicular. Flowers pilose externally, pariiculate cymose
or densely clustered in the axils of the leaves.

A genus based upon the four following imperfectly-known species. Female flowers have
not been seen in any of them, and loose drupes of but one have been described, so that
additional specimens may materially modify their relations to each other.

Stamens of male floioers '6, free.

Leaves ample, ovate-cordate, acuminate. ^lale flowers in very short

often fasciculate racemes or cymes. Three inner sepals valvate . . ]. T. macrophylla.

Leaves broadly elliptical or rotundate, mucronate or subacute ; base
slightly cordate or broadly rounded, entire. Male flowers apparently
sessile, closely fascicled. Three inner sepals valvate 2. T. subcordaia.

Leaves orbicular or broadly elliptical, shortly apiculate or emarginate ;
base rounded or truncate. Male flowers in dense axillary fascicles.
Six inner sepals valvate, in two series, nearly equal 3. 71 coriacea.

Stamens of male flowers 3.

Leaves broadly elliptical or ovate , base cuneate or rounded. Male

flowers paniculate A. T. f' patens.

1. T, macrophylla, OUv. Young branches with a deciduous, rusty,
appressed pubescence. Leaves rather coriaceous, at length. glabrous except-
ing on the rusty very prominent nerves beneath; 6-10 in. long, 41-7 in.
broad. Petioles thickened and usually abruptly curved at the top, 1-2 in.
long. Male fl. : imbricating sepals about 12, outer very minute; inner

Triclisia.'] iv. meni3Peiimace;E (oliveu). 49

valvate sepals erect, recurved at the apex. Female flowers and fruit un-
known.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

2. T, subcordata, OUv. Extremities and younjr leafy shoots rusty-
pilose. Leaves rather coriaceous, 3-4| in. long, 2\-Z\ in. broad, on petiofes
of i-l-g- in., pilose at first, glabrescent ; nerves pilose beneath. Male fl. : im-
bricating sepals about 12, outer minute ; inner valvate sepals ovate-rotun-
date (in bud), very thick, concave. Fruit nearly sessile. Drupes closely
clustered, tomentose, the back convex, obscurely longitudinally ridged.

"Upper Guinea. Abbeokuta, and Nupc on the Niger, Barter !

3. T, coriacea, OUv. Branches pilose-pubescent with oppressed hairs,
at length glabrous. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, glabrous above except some-
times the midrib ; nerves very prominent beneath, pilose-pubescent ; 2-3 in.
long, \^-2\ in. broad. Petioles \-\ in. Outer imbricate sepals 12.
Female flower and fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Matin !

4. T. ? patens, OUv. Extremities hoary with minute oppressed pu-
bescence. Leaves rather coriaceous, shortly acuminate or apiculate, usually
broadly cuneate at the base, glabrate ; nerves puberulous beneath ; 4-5 in.
long, 2-3 in. broad. Petioles 1-3 in. Male panicles from shoots of the
previous season, H-2 in. long, spreading, many-flowered, minutely pubes-
cent. Outer imbricate sepals about 6, three inner valvate sepals spreading
or recurved above. Filaments erect, slightly thickened at the apex ; anthers
apiculate with divergent cells. Female flower and fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Bagroo river, Mann !

10. SYNCLISIA, Benth. in Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 36.

Sepals 6, in 2 series, the 3 outer lanceolate or linear, 3 inner 2 or 3 times
as long, closely valvate or connate (according to Mr. Bentham), resembling
an urceolate corolla, the apices free. Petals 6 ? minute, orbicular. Male fl. :
Stamens 6 or 9 ; filaments rather thick or clavate, more or less coniiafe at
the base ; anthers ovoid, 2-locular, dehiscing widely, laterally and longitudi-
nally. Female flowers and fruit unknown.— A slender climber, with rather
rigid, scabrous, ovate-cordate, acuminate leaves, and axillary, pedicellate,
male flowers.

The male flowers only being known, the position of this genua in the Order remains un-
certain. It is assigned, with doubt, to CocculecB by Mr. Bcnthara.

1. S. scabrida, Miers hi Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xx. 171. A climber,
with slender flagelliform branches, at first pilose or sparsely pubescent. Leaves
rather rigid, cordate-ovate or cordate, acuminate, entire, with the nerves de-
pressed above prominent beneath, scabrous or sparsely hispid, at length
somewhat shining above, more or less shortly hispid below, 2-4 in. long,
U-2 in. broad, on pilose petioles of i-1 in. to which the blade is attached
at a sharp angle. Male flowers about 3 lines long, axillary, solitary nr in

50 IV. MENISPERMACE^ (oliver). \_Synclisia.

pairs, on pedicels of f-l in., witli 3 or 4 minute bracteoles around the
calyx.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon river, Mann !
Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

11. PEISTTANTHUS, :\Iiers in Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xiii. 124.

A glabrous shrub of 12-15 ft., with rather large, firmly membranous,
oblanceolate or narrowly obovate acuminate leaves, 6-11 in. long and 2-4 in.
broad above the middle, on petioles 1-2 in. long, thickened at both extremi-
ties and curved at the apex. The female flowers are in shortly pedunculate,
axillary or slightly e^'tra-axillary umbels. Sepals 6 ; 3 outer smaller. Pe-
tals 0. Staminodia 6, each bearing a minute sterile anther. Carpels 3, pu-
bescent ; stigmas sessile, obtuse, papillose. Male flowers and fruit unknown.
— Upon this material, all referable to one species (P. longifolius, Miers, I.e.),
the genus Penianthus is based.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mannt

12. SYRRHONEMA, Miers in Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3. xiii. 124.

A climbing shrub, with pilose-pubescent leafy branches, about the thick-
ness of a quilL Leaves broadly ovate-rotundate, slightly cordate or entire at
the base, shortly and acutely acuminate or apiculate, glabrescent and rather
rough to the touch above from the almost microscopic reticulation of the
veins (when dry), shortly tomentose or pubescent and paler beneath, 2|-3y
in. broad; petioles 1^-2 in., curved at the apex. Male flowers in axillary
fascicles, on pedicels of 2-4 lines. Sepals about 9, imbricate; the outer
smaller. Petals 0. Stamens 3, connate below ; filaments broader above,
exserted ; anthers minute, 4-lobed on the apex and inner face of the filament
(in one flower stamens 6, two imperfect). Female flower and fruit un-
known. We have but a single specimen of a single species (S./asciculatuniy
Miers, 1. c).

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann I

Ordee Y. BERBERIDACEJE (by Prof. Oliver).
Tribe Berbere^.

Plowers hermaphrodite. Sepals petaloid, usually 3-6-9, and petals 6 or
more, fewer or 0, free, hypogynous, early deciduous, all or the inner imbri-
cate in aestivation. Stamens usually 6 or 4, free, hypogynous, opposite to
the petals ; anthers erect, 2-celled, usually dehiscing by valves. Pistil of a
solitary, free carpel ; ovary 1 -celled ; stigma usually with a peltate, discoid
or dilated stigma, sessile or with a short style. Ovules few, basal or several
on the ventral suture, anatropous. Fruit an indehiscent drupe in the only
African species. — Shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate fasciculate or radical,
simple (unifoliolate) or compound. Flowers racemose paniculate cymose
or solitary, usually yellow or white.

V. berberidace;e (oliveh). 51

Natives of cold and temperate countries, within the tropics principally confined to elevated
regions.

1. BERBERIS, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 43.

Sepals 6-9, petaloid. Petals 6, about the same size or little smaller than
the sepals. Stamens 6 ; anthers deiiiscing upwards in two valves ; stigma
peltate. Ovules few, erect. — Shrubs with the first leaves of the shoots often
reduced to spines, bearing the fasciculate 1-foliolate leaves in their axils.
Flowers yellow, racemose, fasciculate or solitary.

A large genus in. temperate climates, absent from the Cape and Australia.

1. B. aristata^ DC. Si/sL Feg. ii. 8. Leaves coriaceous, more or less
persistent, usually obovate or oblanceolate, spinulose-scrrate or entire, variable
in size, in our specimens 1 in. long or less, sometimes much longer. Flowers
in pendulous or suberect racemes or cymes. Stigma of ovary and black isli
fruit supported upon a short style. — B. iinctoria, Lesch. in Mem. Mus. ix.
306 ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 10.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Br. Roth ! Petit.

This shrub, the only representative of the Order known to me in tropical Africa, is abun-
dant in the Himalaya, occurring also in the mountains of the Indian peninsula and Ceylon.
It is very closely allied to the common Barberry {B. vulgaris), which differs principally in
its sessile stigma. For synonymy, see Hook. f. et Thoms. ' Flora Indica,' i. 222.

Order VI. NYMPH^ACE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers mostly large, hermaphrodite. Sepals 3-6, free or united at the base
and adherent to the receptacle, in which the carpels are immersed. Petals 3
or indefinite ; the inner smaller and often passing gradually into the stamens.
Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, perigynous or almost epigynous, according
to the extent to which the ovaries are immersed in the receptacle, upon the
sides of which the stamens are inserted ; filaments subulate or petaloid ;
anthers adnate, 2-celled, introrse and dehiscing longitudinally in the African
species. Carpels numerous (3-oo), free or immersed in the receptacle,
forming a spuriously syncarpous pistil j stigmas linear, radiating, incurved
or consolidated. Ovules 2-3, or oo, covering the walls of the ovaries, ana-
tropous. Fruit more or less spongy and baccate, multilocular, indchiscent, or
carpels distinct. Seeds with a double albumen (perisperm and endof^erm)
and minute embryo. — Aquatic plants, with prostrate, rooting rhizomes, float-
ing usually large and orbicular leaves, and very handsome tlowers.

A small family, represented in temperate and tropical regions of both hemispheres. As is
often the case with water-plants, some of the species are very widely diffused and very vari-
able, and enjoy in consequence a proportionally extended synonymy.

Sepals 3. Carpels free 1- Brasenia.

Sepals 4. Carpels oo, consolidated 2. Nymi-ii.ea.

1. BRASENIA, Schreber; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 46.
Sepals 3. Petals 3. Stamens 12-18 ; filaments subulate. Carpels free ;

52 VI. NYMPHiEACE^E (oliver). [Braseniu.

in fruit coriaceous, l-(or 2-)seede(l. — Herbs, with floating, entire, peltate
leaves. Flowers rather small.

1. B. peltata, Fursk, Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 389. Leaves usually broadly
elliptical and rounded at each end, 2-3| in. long, l|-2 in. broad. Flowers
axillary, -|— 1 in. diam., pedunculate, purple. — A, Gray, Gen. i. 39. Hydro-
peltis purpurea, Michx. ; DC. Prod. i. 112.

IiOT<rer Guinea. Angola, prov Huilla, Dr. Welwitsch!

The only species of the genus, very widely distributed, occurring in N. America, India,
and Australia.

2. NYMPH^A, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 46.

Sepals 4. Petals indefinite, from 5 or 6-20 or more, in 2 or more series.
Stamens indefinite, 12-60, inserted with the petals upon the sides of the re-
ceptacle. Ovary many-celled, with radiating sessile stigmas. Fruits coria-
ceous or spongy ; seeds indefinite, immersed in pulp. — Khizome perennial.
Leaves deeply cordate, floating, with prominent radiating nerves beneath, on
long petioles. Flowers white blue or red, 1 or 2-10 in. or more in diam.

To this beautiful genus belongs the White Water-lily of Europe and the north temperate
zone.
Connective of the anthers not (or but exceptionally) produced beyond the

cells, obtuse or scarcely acute \. N. Lotus.

Connective of the anthers more or less distinctly produced beyond the cells

into an acute or obtuse appendix 2. N. steUata.

1. N. Lotus, Linn. Sp. FL 729. Leaves sinuate-dentate, rarely nearly
entire, with a deep, open or nearly closed sinus, more or less sagittate when
young, pubescent or nearly glabrous beneath. Flowers 2-10 in. diam., white
rose or purple. The rays of the stigma with somewhat clavate extremities. —
Bot. Mag. 1280, 1364, 4665 (N. Devoniensis) . N. dentata, Schum. ef
Thonn. Guin. PI. 249. For extended synonymy, sec 'Flora Indica,' i. 241.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Ferrottet, Brunner- ! Oware, P. de Beauvois ; Niger,
Barter ! Fernando Po and Nun river, Mann ! Old Calabar, Thomson!

North Central. Tubosi Lake, E. Vogel !

Kile Land. Nile, 2° N. lat., Speke and Grant ! Kordofan, etc., Webb, Frag. Fl.
Mth. 11.

lao-wer Guinea. Congo, Br. Welwitsch I

Mttzamb. Distr. Lake Nyassa, Br. Kirk !

Occurs also in India and the Indian Archipelago, in S.E. Europe, N. Africa, «nd Mada-
gascar.

2. N. stellata, Willd. Sp. PI. ii, 1153. Leaves orbicular or broadly
elliptical, sinuate- dentate, repand or entire, with a deep sinus, usually gla-
brous, occasionally producing leafy buds at the base. Flowers very variable
in size, 1-10 in. diam., white blue purple or rose, fragrant or inodorous.
Stigmatic rays short. Seeds ellipsoid-globose, minutely longitudinally striate
or nearly or quite smooth. — Bot. Mag. 552, 1189, 2058. N. ccerulea, Sav. ;
DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 50. N-. guineensis^ Schum. et Thonn. Guin. PI. 248.
N.maculata, Schum. et Thonn. I.e. 247. N. mftscens, N. micrantha, and
N. abbreviata, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 15, 16. N. Heudelotii, Plancli.

Ni/mpJiaa.] vi. NYMPH/EACEiE (oliver). 53

Etudes Nymph, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3. xix. 41. N. scutifoUa, DC. Syst.
Veg. ii. 50. iV'. capensis, Tlmnb. Fl. Cap. 431. N. Peterninnn, Klotzsch in
Peters' Mossamb. 152. For further synonymy, see * Flora Indica,' i. 243.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet ! Brunner f, etc. ; Niger, Barter !

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Billon, etc.; Kordofan, Kafschy ! Upper Nile and Egypt
{Schweinf. et Asch. E/ium.) ; Lake Karague and Upper Nile, Speke and Grant !

Lio^er Guinea. Angola, Br. Welwitsch!

South Central, Chapman and Baines !

Mozamb. Distr. Lake Nyassa, Shire, and Zambesi, Br. Kirk !

The smoothness of the seeds of the small-flowered form, named N. Ileudelotii, by M.
Planchon, docs not appear to me to be a character of much importance. I find them nearly
as smooth in an Indian specimen of N. stellata.

Occurs in rivers, lakes, and tanks in extratropical Africa, both north and south, and in
Madagascar, It is very commou in India, and extends to the Archipelago.

Order VII. PAPAVERACE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Suborder I. Papavere.ic.

Flowers hermaphrodite, regular, fugacious. Sepals 2 or 3, free, caducous.
Petals 4 or 6, hypogynous, free, imbricate and usually crumpled in aestiva-
tion. Stamens indefinite, free. Filaments filiform ; anthers innate, 2-celled,
dehiscing longitudinally. Pistil syncarpous ; ovary superior, 1-celled with 2
to many parietal placentas, sometimes projecting nearly to the centre of the
ovary; ovules indefinite, anatropous. Fruit a capsule, usually dehiscing by
valves or pores, many-seeded. Seeds albuminous with a minute embryo. —
Herbs or rarely shrubs with a milky or coloured juice. Leaves alternate or
radical, simple or pinnatifid, exstipulate. Flowers usually solitary and ter-
minal, red white or yellow.

Natives chiefly of the north temperate zone. Several species are common weeds of cul-
tivation.

Placentas (4-oo) usually projecting far into the cavity of the capsule.

Capsule dehiscing by pores around the top 1. Pa paver.

Placentas (4-6) nerviform, not projecting into the capsule. Capsule de-
hiscing by short valves from the top 2. Argemone.

1. PAPAVER, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 51.

Sepals 2 or 3. Petals 4 or 6. Stamens indefinite. Ovary globose ovoid
or clavate ; stigmas 4-go, radiating, sessile. Placentas projecting into the
cavity of the ovary, covered with the indefinite ovules. Capsule dehiscing
by minute pores under the margin of the discoid stigmatic surface. Seeds
indefinite. — Glabrous hispid or prickly, annual or perennial herbs. Pe-
duncles 1-flowercd. Flowers showy, red Avhite or yellow, very fugacious.

The species occurring in Tropical Africa are not indigenous. One species, not known to
me from Tropical Africa, is native at the Cape (P. aculeatum^ Thunb.).

Leaves green, rarely glaucous, pinnati- or bipinnati-partite. Capsule

oblong or clavate 1. P. dulinm.

Leaves glaucous, irregularly lobed or toothed, amplexicaul. Capsule

globose 2. P. sommfcrn,,!.

54 ^ viT. PAPAVERACEJE (oliver). {PapaveT.

*1. p. dubium, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 118. A slender-branched annual,
hispid or nearly or quite glabrous.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Widely spread in waste and cultivated ground through Europe and temperate and sub-
tropical Asia. Schweinfurth and Ascherson, in their enumeration of Nile plants, cite P.
R/iceas, Linn., from Abyssinia. It differs from F. dubiu?n in its globose capsule.

*2. P. somniferum, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 119. An erect, glaucous, and
usually glabrous annual, simple or slightly branched. Flowers large, whitish
with a purple blotch at the base, or altogether purple-black. Capsule large
and glabrous.

I have not actually seen specimens from Tropical Africa, but it is commonly cultivated
for the sake of its milky juice (opium), and often occurs in waste places throughout the
tropics of the Old World.

2. ARGEMONE, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. 52.

Sepals 2 or 3. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite. Ovary with 4-7 slender
placentary lines with indefinite ovules ; stigmas 4-7, very shortly stipitate,
radiating. Capsule oblong, separating at the apex between the placentas
into short valves or teeth, many-seeded. Seeds pitted. — Prickly, more or
less glaucous, branched herbs, with pinnatifid spinose leaves and showy w^hite
or yellow flowers.

A small American genus, of which the following species occurs almost everywhere, as an
introduced weed, between the tropics in the Old World.

*1. A. xnexicana, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 120. An herb with a some-
what shrubby habit, the stem glaucous, smooth or spinidose. Leaves semi-
amplexicaul, pinnatifidly-lobed or sinuate, spinulose. Plowers orange or
yellow. Capsule setose or sometimes unarmed.

Upper Guinea. Dahomey, Burton ! Seuegambia, Leprieur.
I^ozaxnb. Distr. Zanzibar, <S/j^^<? .' Mozambique, /"^^(prj (Klotzsch).

Suborder II. Fumarie^e.

Plowers hei-maphrodite, irregular in the African species. Sepals 2, minute,
resembling coloured bracteoles. Petals 4, in two pairs, connivent, one of the
two outer with a saccate or spurred base, two inner cohering at their apices.
Stamens 6, diadelphous, the middle stamen of each bundle with a 2-celled
anther, the lateral stamens with 1-celled anthers. Pistil syncarpous. Ovary
superior, 1-celled, with 2 placentas; ovules l-oo. Style filiform; stigma
lobed or nearly entire. Pruit a several-seeded capsule or an achene. Seeds
with a minute embryo and copious fleshy albumen. — Weak, decumbent or
climbing herbs with watery juice. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, multi-
partite. Plowers white rose or yellow, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes
in the African species.

This Suborder is represented in Tropical Africa by a common and widely diffused weed
of cultivation, but around the Mediterranean and at the Cape there occur some endemic
forms characterized by peculiarities in the fruit or in the form of the stigma.

VII. PAPAVERACE.E (OLIVER). 55

1. PUMARIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 56.

Fruit a small nearly globose or compressed achene. — "Diffuse or climbing
herbs. Leaves multisect with narrow or linear segments, glabrous and often
glaucous.

Not indigenous in Tropical Africa.

*1. F. officinalis, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 130. A pale, weak annual, dif-
fuse, trailing or climbing. Leaves decompound with linear lanceolate or ob-
long, acute or obtuse, often mucronulate segments. Bracteoles shorter than
or sometimes exceeding the pedicels. Plowers white rose or purplish. Achene
globose, obtuse retuse or subapiculate, smooth or slightly rugose.

Var. a. Achenes obtuse or retuse.

Var. ^. (F. parvijlora, Lam.) I'lowers very small (l^-S lines). Sepals minute. Achenes
Bomewfiat pointed.

Nile Iiand. Cornfields, etc., Abyssinia, Schimper I Ruth! Petit. ^Vhite Nile,
Petherick !

This species, under one or other of its forms, is widely spread through Europe and tem-
perate Asia.

Order VIII. CRUCIFERiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers hermaphrodite, regulnr or the petals on the side turned from the
axis larger. Sepnls 4, free, the lateral pair often more or less saccate at the
base or inserted a little lower than the others. Petals 4, rarely 0, narrowed
below or clawed, spreading and cruciate above. Stamens usually 6, four
inner ones in pairs and longer than the two outer. Ovary 1-celled with 2 pa-
rietal placentas, or more usually 2-celled owing to the development of a thin
membranous septum connecting the placentas. Style simple or 0 ; stigma
2-fid or undivided ; ovules 1, 2, or indefinite, usually horizontal or pendulous.
Fruit long {siliqua) or short (silicule), 2-celled or sometimes 1-cellcd, de-
hiscing by valves which separate from. their persistent, seed-bearing margins
{replum), or indehiscent, or separating into cocci or 1-seeded articles. Seeds
rarely albuminous. Embryo usually with plane or plano-convex cotyledons,
the radicle either folded against their edges (accumbent o = ) or against the
back of one of them (incumbent o = ), or the cotyledons condnj^licati' or
doubly or spirally folded. — Herbs, sometimes shrubby with colourless often
pungent juice, glabrous, glaucous, or with simple mcdiolixed or stellate hairs.
Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, pinnatitid toothed or entire. Flowers
racemose or corymbose at first, rarely bracteate, usually white yellow or rose.

A very large and widely dispersed Order, characteristic of the temperate and cold regions
of the northern hemisphere, and especially abundant around the Mediterranean and in Asia
j\Iinor. But few genera are peculiar to the southern hemisphere. Of these the largest \i
Heliophila, ri -tricked to S. extratropieal Africa, some species of whieh may probably turn
up north of the tropic. Many of the Crucifera are useful esculents or oil-producing jjlants,
and are extensively cultivated in tropical as well as temperate climates.

It is probable that several peculiar genera, atfec^ting the desert regions of Arabia and N.
Africa, may extend south of the tropic of Cancer. I have given diagnoses, uuder their
recorded tropical allies, of a few of the more likely of these.
A. Fruit usually many times (3 times or more) longer than broad,

dehiscing longitudinally.

56 VIII. CRUCIFER^ (OLIVER).

* Radicle accumbent. Siliqua not appendaged (in African species).

Leaves entire or sinuate, hoary-tomentose. Flowers purplish . . 1. Matthiola.

Leaves pinnate or pinnatisect. Valves of siliqua with or without a

very slender midrib. Seeds usually biseriate 2. Nasturtium.

Radi<»l leaves lyrate. Valves of siliqua prominently carinate.

Seeds uniseriate 3. Barb ARE A.

Leaves spathulate or oblanceolate, toothed. Valves of siliqua plane

or carinate 4. Arabis.

Leaves pinnate or 3-foliolate (in African species). Siliqua usually
slightly narrowed towards its extremities. Valves without a dis-
tinct midrib. Seeds uniseriate 5. Card amine.

Leaves entire or toothed, llowers bracteate. Siliqua rigid, recurved

above 6. Morettia.

Leaves linear, entire, with appressed mediofixed hairs 7. Farsetia.

Siligua with horn-like appendages or rounded auricles.
Leaves linear. Siliqua short with a pair of terminal horns . . . Notoceras

(p. 61).
Lower leaves piuuatifid. Siliqua with a pair of horns at the base . Lonchophoea

(p. 61).
* Radicle incumbent. Cotyledons plane.

Leaves entire or pinnatifid. Siliqua narrow-linear; valves faintly

3-nerved 8. Sisymbrium.

Cotyledons tioice folded transversely Heliophila

(p. 65>
Cotyledons conduplicate.
Radical leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. Siliqua linear, with costate valves.

Style long or short. Seeds uniseriate 9. Brassica.

Radical leaves lyrate or pinnatifid. Siliqua linear ; valves with a

slender median nerve. Style short. Seeds subbiseriate . . .10. Diplotaxis.
Radical leaves pinnatifid. Siliqua linear-oblong, rather turgid j

valves costate. Seeds biseriate 11. Eruca.

Leaves entire amplexicaul or pinnatifid. Flowers rose .... Moricandia

(p. 67).
Leaves linear, entire. Flowers purple. Seeds broadly winged . . Henophyton

(p. 67).
B. Fruit short (not more than 3 times longer than broad) or broader
than long, dehiscing longitudinally.

*Septum as broad as the valves.
Cotyledons plane^ radicle accumbent.

Leaves linear, entire, with appressed hairs 7. Farsetia.

Leaves oblong, petiolate. Silicule with a pair of concave auricles at

the apex Anastatica

(p. 61).
Cotyledons conduplicate.

Silicule orbicular, compressed Savignya

(p. 67).

Silicule turgid with a foliaceous beak Carriciitera

(p-67).

* Septum narrow, transverse to the larger diameter of the fruit (silicules laterally compressed).
Radicle incumbent. Cotyledons plaue or conduplicate,

Silicules elliptical, winged. Cotyledons conduplicate.

Flowers purple ' . 12. Schouwia.

Silicules obcordate-cuneate 13, *Capsella.

Silicules oblong or subglobose, with convex valves (minute

aquatic with linear radical leaves) 14. Subularia.

VIII. CRUCIFKR^ (OLIVER). B?

Silicules oblong to obcordate. Cotyledons various, entire

or 3-partite. Flowers white 15. Lepidium.

Radicle accumbent.

Seeds usually solitary in each cell 15. Lepidium.

Seeds 2-4 in each cell. Silicules obcordate to oblong . 16. Thlaspi.
C. Fruit indehiscent, or the valves separating as cocci.

Fruit didymous ; valves closed, separating as cocci . . . .1?. Senebiera.
Fruit globose, articulated to a minute, seedless, pedicel-like article 18. Cbambe.
Fruit elongate, of two jointed articles, the lower l-4-8eeded, the

upper 3-6-seeded 19. Enarthbocarpus.

Shrubby. Leaves oblong, toothed. Flowers ebracteate. Fruit

a bony 2-seeded nut 20. Zilla.

Shrubby. Leaves small, ovate or oblong, entire. Flowers brac-

teate. Fruit 1-seeded, winged 21. Diptervoium.

Radical leaves lyrate. Fruit terete, many-seeded, not articulated 22. *Raphanu3.

1. MATTHIOLA, Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 67.

Sepals erect ; two lateral inserted slightly lower upon the torus, and con-
vex or saccate at the base. Petals spreading, usually with a long claw.
Stigma sessile with connivent lobes, sometimes thickened or horned at the
base. Siliqua long and narrow, terete or compressed, with a thick pitted
septum. Seeds numerous, in one row, flattened and usually narrowly winged ;
radicle accumbent. — Perennials or annuals, covered with a hoary tomentum
or pubescence. Leaves entire, sinuate or toothed. Flowers tolerably large,
usually purple, in terminal racemes.

A genus of about 30 species, mostly confined to the shores of the Mediterranean and the
"West of Europe. One species occurs at the Cape.

1. M. eUiptica, Br.; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 167. A diffuse or bushy
herb, hard woody and branching below, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves elliptical or
ovate-lanceolate, rather acute or obtuse, obscurely dentate-sinuate or entire,
narrowed into rather long slender petioles, hoary with a short stellate tomen-
tum; lamina |-1 5" in. long, 5-9 lines broad; petiole 4-9 lines. Pedicels
short, erect, appressed. Outer sepals very slightly convex at the base. Pe-
tals broadly rotundate-obovate, gradually narrowed into a rather short,
thickened claw. Stigmas converging, forming a triangular unappeiidaged
tip to the ovary. Siliqua (not seen ripe) nearly terete, hoary, with a raised
line on each side.

Nile Land. Mountains of Abyssinia, Salt ! Schimper !
Not known from elsewhere.

2. NASTURTIUM, Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 59.

Sepals short, loose or rather spreading, equal or nearly so. Petals nar-
rowed to the base, sometimes wanting. Stamens 6 or fewer. Stigma entire
or 2-lobed, subsessile or with a short style. Siliqua usually linear or narrow-
oblong, nearly terete, with a membranous septum ; valves nerveless or with
a very slender nerve. Seeds usually 2-seriate, with short free funicles.
Eadicle accumbent. — Erector diffuse, usually branching terrestrial or aquatic
herbs, with pinnatifid or sometimes entii'C leaves and white or yellow (or
lilac), ebracteate or bracteate flowers.

58 VIII. crucifertE (oliver). [^Nasturtium,

A considerable genus, many species of which are very variable and difficult to define ;
occurring in every quarter of the globe, affecting damp or wet situations.

With a distinct usually branched stem.
Leaflets distinct. Racemes short, ebracteate. Pedicels half as long

or nearly as long as the siliqua 1. JV^ officinale.

Leaf-segments confluent or decurreut. Racemes narrow, ebracteate,

at length elongate. Pedicels many times shorter than the siliqua . 2. N. indicum.
Leaves pinnatipartite ; segments toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers

(very minute) in the axils of pinnatifid bracts. Pedicels many

times shorter than the siliqua .... * Z. N. cryptanthum.

Acaulescent or nearly so.
Leaves pinnate ; segments petiolulate. Flowers very n)inute, ebrac-
teate. Pedicels many times shorter than the siliqua 4. iV. humifusum.

1. N. officinale, Br.; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 188. Stem branched, often
creeping, floating or ascending to 1-2 ft. or more when luxuriant or sup-
ported by other plants. Leaves pinnate ; the upper with 3-7 pairs and a
terminal leaflet ; the latter usually larger, varying from roundish to ovate or
lanceolate, obtuse, sinuate or dentate. Flowers white ; the petals exceeding
the sepals. Siliquas patent or curved upwards, \-\ in. long. Seeds in 2
rows.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, §. Dillon and Petit {Richard).

I have not seen tropical African specimens, but the species is widely spread through the
north temperate zone, occurring in India and at the Cape, probably introduced in some of its
localities.

2. N. indicum, Linyi. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 199. A branching, glabrous
herb, with the upper leaves lyrately-pinnatifid ; segments various, obtusely
or acutely toothed or incised. Flowers ebracteate ; racemes at length elon-
gate. Siliquas terete, with smooth valves, about ^-f in. long, more or less
spreading, 4-8 times as long as the short pedicels. — N, niloticnm, Boiss.
Diag. Ser. 1. viii. 19 (iV. Madagascariense, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 192?).

Nile Iiand. Sennar, Kotschy I Nubia, near Khartoum {Boissier).
IiO'wer Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

3. N. cryptanthum. Rich. M. Abyss, i. 15, A diffuse, ascending or
erect, branched, glabrous herb, |-2 ft. high, tough or almost woody below.
Upper leaves rather small, not exceeding 1^ in., pinnatipartite, with pinna-
tifid, toothed, or entire linear segments. Flowers very minute, white. Siliqua
linear or linear-oblong, terete, with thin valves, 4-6 lines long and 4-6 times
longer than the short pedicel, shorter than or nearly equalling the bract.
Stigma' undivided, nearly sessile.

Nile Land. Ahyssima, Schimper ! Petit !

This remarkable plant may be a bracteate form of some other^species.

4. N, humifusum, Guill. et Terr. Fl. Seneg. 19. A flaccid, nearly
acaulescent, glabrous herb (3-8 in. high in our specimens). Leaves thin,
pinnate, often interrupted or irregular, segments toothed or sinuate, on
slender, often winged petiolules ; rachis usually more or less winged near their
insertion ; terminal segment usually larger. Flowers very minute, racemose ;
racemes ebracteate, shorter than the leaves. Siliquas subterete, on pedicels
as long as the fruit is broad, or subsessile.

Nasturtium.'] viii. crucifer^ (oliver). 59

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot ! Perrottet !
laower Guinea. Angola, Loanda, Dr. Welwitsch !

Wr . brachsrpus, Webb, Frag. Fl. ^thiop. 13. A low glabrous herb ; lower leavea lyrate ;
upper pinnate ; segments crenate-dentate. Flowers minute ; petals shorter than the sepals!
Siliqua compressed, oblong, 5 or 6 times longer than the thickish spreading pedicel. Seeds
ovoid scaly-tuterculate, deep red.

Nile Iiand. Sennar and Kordofan {Webb).

I have not seen this plant, the description of which, in abstract above, was based on a
single specimen by Mr, Webb.

3. BAKBAREA, Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 68.

Sepals equal, erect or nearly so. Petals clawed. Siliqua narrow-linear,
somewhat tetrngonous owing to the prominent nerve or keel of the valves •
septum membranous. Stigma entire or 2-lobed. Seeds round or oblong,
compressed, not margined, in one series. Radicle accumbent. — Erect, usually
branched, glabrous herbs, with a more or less angular stem. Leaves pinna-
tifid, usually lyrate. Flowers yellow.

*1. B. vulgaris, JBr. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 206. An erect, ratlier stiff,
perfectly glabrous and but slightly branched herb, often 2-3 ft. high. Leaves
lyrate-pinnatifid, or the radical leaves reduced to the terminal, Large, entire,
sinuate or toothed segment ; lateral segments of the cauline leaves often
narrow-linear. Flowers numerous, in erect terminal racemes. Siliquas erect
or spreading, rather crowded, L in. or more in length, rigid, tipped with
the persistent style |-2 lines long; pedicels about \ as long as the siliqua.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Sckimper ! Probably introduced. Cultivated according to
Richard, who refers his specimens to B. pracox^ a variety of ^. vulgaris, diflfering iu the
shorter style. In our specimen it is about 1 line long.

A common species, almost throughout the north temperate zone, occurring also iu Aus-
tralia.

4. ARABIS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 69.

Sepals rather short, equal or the lateral sepals saccate at base. Petals
entire, usually clawed. Siliqua sessile, narrow-linear, elongate, compressed ;
the valves plane, keeled or with a midnerve ; septum membranous ; stigma
simple or 2-lobed. Seeds usually in one series, compressed, with or wiilj^ut
a narrow wing. Radicle accumbent. — Glabrous or pubescent herbs. Jtadical
leaves usually more or less spathulate ; cauline sessile. Flowers racemose,
white or coloured, ebracteate.

A large genus, chiefly of the north temperate zone.

1. A. alpina, Linn.; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 216. A perennial, dilfuse or
loosely tufted herb, 6-18 in. high, hoary with a short stellate tomentum or
green and sparsely pubescent. Kadical or winter leaves oblanceolate, dentate,
sinuate-dentate or nearly entire ; cauline often sessile, more or less amplexi-
caul. Flowers in terminal, erect or ascending, leafless racemes, white, r.itiier
large. Lateral sepals distinctly saccate. Siliquas ascending or spread-
ing, longer than the spreading pedicels. — A. cuneifolia, Hochst. in PI.

60 VIII. CRUCiFER.f: (OLIVER). [Jrabis.

Schimp. Abyss. A. albida, Stev. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 217, and Eich. PI.
Abyss, i. 16.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, in mountainous situations, Schimper ! Roth ! (at an elevation
of 10,000 ft., Petit, according to Richard).

A common and widely spread species in Europe, N. Asia, and N. America, extending
within the Arctic Circle. A larger-flowered form has been distinguished as a species under
the name of A. albida, but it does not appear to have any claim to the distinction.

5. CABDAMINE, Linn. ; Bentli. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 70.

Sepals equal. Petals clawed. Siliquas narrow-linear, compressed, usually
narrowed at each end, with plane valves destitute of a distinct nerve or midrib,
and membranous septum. Stigma simple or 2-lobed. Seeds in one series,
compressed, not winged. Eadicle accumbent. — Herbs glabrous or minutely
pubescent, often flaccid. Leaves pinnate, pinnatisect, 3-foliolate or undi-
vided. Flowers white or purplish, ebracteate.

A considerable genus, of temperate, alpine, and Arctic regions. But one of the following
species {C. trichocarpa) is endemic, and it is closely allied to widely dispersed northern
species.

Leaves 3-foliolate \. C. afncana.

Leaves pinnate or piunatisect.

Glabrous, 1 ft. or more. Flowers rather large, purplish. Broader

leaflets petiolulate 2. C. pratensis.

Sparsely pilose, 6-12 in. Flowers small, white. Leaf-segments

unequally crenate-serrate. Siliquas pubescent 3. C. trichocarpa.

Glabrous or sparsely pubescent, 3-12 in. Flowers small, white.

Leaf- segment 3 broadly toothed or entire. SiUquas glabrous . . 4. C. hirsuta.

1. C. africana, Linn.; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 252. A decumbent or as-
cending, glabrous or minutely and thinly pubescent herb, often attaining 1 or
2 ft. Eadical and cauline leaves or rather long petioles ; leaflets more or
less ovate and irregularly dentate or crenate, acute acuminate or obtuse,
petiolulate. Eaceraes ebracteate. Flowers white. Siliquas erect or ascend-
ing, much exceeding the pedicels.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Q. Dillon (Richard), Br. Roth ? (specimens imperfect).
Var. pubescens, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 182.
Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 7500 ft., Mann !

The same plant occurs at the Cape, in the islands of the Indian Ocean, and in the south of
India.

2. C. pratensis, Linn. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 256. An erect herb. Leaves
pinnate or pinnatipartite ; segments obtuse, more or less ovate or rounded,
very shortly petiolulate, of the upper leaves naiTower. Eaceme corymbose
at first. Siliquas ascending, narrow-linear. — C.- ohliq^ua, Hochst. in PI.
Schimp. Abyss. ; Eich. PI. Abyss, i. 19.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, by mountain streams, Schimper !

A common plant in Europe, extending through northern Asia and Arctic America.

3. C. trichocarpa, Hochst. PI. Schimp.; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. IS. An
erect, slender annual. Eadical leaves lyrate-pinnate, with about 3 pairs of
elliptical sessile or subsessile segments ; terminal segment considerably larger,

Cardamine.'] viii. CRUCiFERr<t (oliver). 61

unequally crenate-serrate. Siliquas erect, very narrow, at length sometimes
nearly glabrous.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Petit .' Schimper !
Ijower Guinea. Angola, Goluugo Alto, Dr. Welicit.tch !

Very nearly allied to an Indian plant, regarded as a form of C. hirsitta, by Dr. Hooker.
Dr. ^Vel\vitsch found his plant always apctalous and with tctrandrous flowers.

4. C. hirsuta, Linn. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 259. A small, erect or ascend-
ing annual herb, often much branched or tufted at the base. Leaves pinnate ;
segments rounded, ovate or obovate, broadly toothed, the upper narrower,
glabrous or with a few scattered hairs. Stamens often fewer than 0. Siiiquas
erect, on short pedicels. — C. simensis, Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 7500-8500 ft., and Camaroons mountain, 8000-
10,000 ft., Mami!

Nile Land. Abyssinia, near Demerki, Schimper !
Common iu nearly all temperate countries.

6. MORETTIA, DC; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 70.

Sepals erect, equal. Petals narrow or linear. Siliqua nearly terete, erect,
recurved above, on a short thick pedicel ; valves rigid, nerved or subnirinate,
somewhat septate within, tardy in dehiscing ; style short ; stigma 2-lobcd.
Seeds compressed in a single row. Radicle accumbent. — Branched, leafy,
rather rigid herbs, w^ith entire or dentate, stellate-hispid or hoary, sessile or
subsessile leaves. Racemes leafy.

A small desert genus of N. Africa and Arabia.

1. M. Philaana, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 427. A stiff, erect, hispid herb,
6-12 in. high, with divaricate leafy branches. Leaves lanceolate, hnear-lan-
ceolate or oblanceolate, rather acute or obtuse, dentate or entire, .^-l in. long,
hoary and hispid on both sides, with rough stellate hairs. Flowers in the
axils of the upper leaves or extra-axillary. — Del. Fl. yEgypt. t. 33. f. 3.

Nile Land. Nubia, Nectoux (DC. I. c), Br. Bromfield!

Desert of Belama, Nubia, Speke and Grant ! An imperfect, leafless specimen, probably
of this species. Tufts of it, " rolled into spheres, blow over the saudy desert." Grows also
in Arabia and N. Africa.

It is probable that the following genera allied to Morettia, but differing in their appcn-
daged siliquas, may be found in the deserts north of the equator : —

Notoceras {N. canariense, Br.), occurring iu the Canaries, N. Africa, and Arabia. It
may be distinguished by its linear leaves and short siliquas, terminating iu a pair of short
horn-like processes.

Lonchophora, a N. African genus, has subsessile siliquas, bearing a horn-like appendage
at each side of the base.

Anastalica {A. hierochuntica^ Linn., the " Rose of Jericho "), of Arabia, Syria, and
Algeria. Fruits very short, bearing a round concave auricle on each side of the broad apex,
from the centre of which projects the persistent subulate style.

7. FARSETIA, Desv. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 72.

Sepals erect ; the lateral slightly saccate. Petals with long claws. Siliqua
various in outline, from linear to orbicular, flat-compressed or turgid, with
plane or convex, nerved or nerveless valves. Stigma 2-fid or capitate with a

62 VIII. CRUCiFER-aE (OLIVER). IFarsetia.

shorl or long style. Seeds compressed, often winged, in 1 or 2 series. Ea-
dicle accumbent. — Branched, often virgate herbs, sometimes shrubby, often
hoary with appressed haii's. Leaves linear or narrow, entire. Flowers ra-
cemose or spicate, white purple or yellow.

A genus of 15 to 25 species, inhabiting the shores of the Mediterranean, W. Asia to
N. India and N. Africa.

Siliqua linear, with straight margins.

Annual. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute. Racemes lax, elongate.

Siliqua 1-2 in. ; median uerve obscure 1. JP. grandiflora.

Annual. Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse. Siliqua with prominent

median nerve 2. F. stenoptera.

Suffruticose below. Leaves narrow-linear. Flowers distant, in

spicate racemes. Siliqua with faint median nerve Z. F. lo7igisiliqua.

Suffruticose. Flowers densely spicate ; buds elliptic-oblong. Sepals

acute ^. F. Boivini.

Siliqua linear with undulate margins. Flowers densely spicate ; buds

subglobose h. F. ramosissima.

Siliqua elliptic-oblong. Rigid shrub 6. F. cegyptiaca.

1. F. grandiflora^ Fourn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. xi. 55. A slender, erect,
pale annual, with appressed mediofixed hairs, and usually ascending, virgate
branches. Leaves narrow-linear, 1-3 in. long. Sepals rather acute. Stigma
2-fid. Siliquas linear, compressed, 1-^2 lines broad, erect, on very short
pedicels ; persistent styles 1-1^ lines long ; valves flat, with a faint median
nerve, hoary with minute appressed hairs. — F. stenoptera, Hohenack. Distr.
PI. Schimp. (2261).

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, in mountains, Schimper ! Kordofan, Kotschy {Fournier).
F. Jacquemontii, Hook. f. et Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148, is a very near ally of
this species.

2. P. stenoptera, Hochst.i Fourn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. xi. 56. Annual,
virgate. Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse. Flowers laxly spicate, elliptic-
oblong in bud, with acute, whitish sepals. Stigma 2-lamellate. Siliqwa
(immature) laterally curved, with a very prominent nerve.

Nile Zjand. Kordofan, Kotschy {Fournier).

I have not seen this plant, and borrow the description from Fournier.

3. F. longisiliqua, Becaime in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. iv. 69. Suffruti-
cose, hoary with closely appressed white hairs ; branches slender^ rather rigid,
divaricate. Leaves very narrow-linear. Flowers rather distant, in narrow,
spicate racemes ; buds oblong. Pedicels at length 1-2 lines, appressed or
ascending. Siliquas 1 in. more or less, slightly curved outwards, linear, 1^
1|- lines broad ; valves hoary, undulate, with a faint midrib. Persistent style
about 1 line long.

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Schtoeinfurtk ! and in Arabia.

I have not seen a type specimen, but take the name as I find it in the Nubian distribution
of Dr. Schweinfurth. It appears to me doubtfully distinct from F. Hamiltoniana, Royle.

4. F, BoiYiniy Fourn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. xi. 56. Suffruticose, with as-
cending, slender branches. Leaves very narrow-linear, often con^folute.
Siliquas straight.

Farsetia.] viu. crucifer^ (oliver). 63

Mozamb. Distr. Zanzibar, Mombaze Island, Boivin {Fournier).

I do not know this plant or the following.

5. F. ramosissima, Hochst. in Kotachy, PL Nub. Leaves linear-lan-
ceolate. Siliquas short, appressed.

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Kotschy {Fournier).

6. F. segyptiaca, Turr. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 287. Shrubby, with re-
peatedly forking, rigid, terete branches, hoary with closely-appressed hairs.
Leaves linear, hoary. Racemes strict, with subdistant flowers ; pedicels
usually from 1 to, at length, 4 lines. Calyx \ in. ; sepals somewhat conni-
vent above. Siliqua broadly oblong-elliptical, hoary, ascending, about \ in.
long.

Nile Iiand. Nubia {Schweinf. and Asch. Enum).

R. Brown desci:ibed in Denham and Clapperton (App. 217), under the name of F. ? stylosa,
a plant gathered in the Sahara, with oblong or shortly oval siliquas ; style equalling the
breadth of the valves and 2-lobed stigma. The specimens were very imperfect, and I have
not seen them.

8. SISYMBRIUM, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 77.

Sepals equal or the lateral saccate at the base. Petals unguiculate. Siliqua
narrow-linear, often elongate, terete or compressed, many-seeded ; valves
usually faintly 3-nerved. Septum membranous. Persistent style short ;
stigma undivided or minutely 2-lobed. Seeds in one or sometimes two
series, not bordered, usually oblong or ellipsoidal with short free funicles.
Radical incumbent. — Usually annual or biennial herbs. Radical leaves
entire, lobed or pinnatifid, often rosulate. Flowers usually yellow or white.

A rather large and very difficult genus, many of the species resembling those of other
genera, and often variable. Most of them belong to Europe, "Western and Northern Asia,
and the Himalaya. A few species occur at the Cape, as well as in America.

Radical leaves entire or dentate.

To 6 in. or taller. Siliquas ascending, \ in. long or more, about

twice as thick as the pedicel \. S. Thalianum.

One to 3 in. Siliquas patent or ascending, 3-4 lines long, about

2^ times as thick as the pedicel 2. 5. Pumilio.

Radical leaves pinnatifid.

Tufted, about 6 in. high. Flowering branches nearly leafless, flow-
ering from near the base 8. 5. falcatum.

Erect, simple or branched, 1-3 ft. or more.

Fruit pedicels about 1 line. Siliquas straight, subulate . . . 4. «S. erysimoidea.
Fruit pedicels \-\ in. or longer.

Leaves pinnatipartite or runcinate ; cauline lanceolate, toothed,

usually petiolate 5.5. Irio-

Leaves runcinate, sessile, glaucescent 6. 5. abyssinicum.

1. S. Thalianum, Gay et Monn. in Gaud. Fl. Helv.iv. 348. Au erect
slender annual more or less hispid-pubescent below. Leaves mostly radical,
oblanceolate dentate or entire; cauline few, lanceolate. Flowers very small.
Siliquas very narrow-linear, on slender spreading pedicels.

Nile li and. Abyssinia, Bouahit mountain, &Amp^r (^tcAarrf).

Common in Europe and temperate Asia, occurring also in N. America and at the Cnpo.

64 viTi. CRUCIFER.E (oliver). [^Sisymb

2. S. PuxniliOy Oliv. A low, often rather tufted annual, more or less
hispid below. Leaves chiefly radical and rosulate, spathulate- or linear-lan-
ceolate, entire or broadly toothed. Flowers minute. Siliquas narrow-linear,
more or less spreading. — Cardamine pusilla, Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Nile Liand. Abyssinia, mountain summits, Schimper !

I have not seen satisfactory specimens of this plant, which may prove a form of some
other species. The specific name I am obHged to change under Sisymbrium^ as it is already
occupied.

3. S. falcatum, Fuurn. Recherches Crucif. 135. Tufted and branched
at the base. Stems about 6 in. tall, erect or ascending. Leaves all or nearly
all radical, pinnatifid, with the terminal lobe usually larger, lateral lobes ob-
tuse or acute, spnrsely pubescent or nearly glabrous, narrowed into rather
long linear petioles. Flowers rather large. Siliquas narrow-linear, spreading
or ascending, longer than the pedicels. — Braya falcata, Hochst. in PI. Schimp.
Abyss. Arabis falcata. Rich. PI. Abyss, i. 17.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, on mountain summits, Schimper !

I follow Dr. Hooker in referring this plant to Sisymbrium ; M. Fournier refers it with
doubt.

4. S. erysimoides^ Besf.; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 482. A glabrous an-
nual of 1-3 ft., simple or branched. Leaves lyrate-pinnatisect or, at least
the upper, with the lobes confluent more or less and ovate-lanceolate, va-
riously toothed. Racemes elongate, many-flowered. Pedicels of fruit about
1 line. Siliquas divergent, rigid, linear-subulate ; valves 3-nerved ; beak
short.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper.

A wide-spread plant in the Mediterranean region. I have not seen Abyssinian speci-
mens myself.

5. S. IriOy Linn.; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 467 (var. maxhnuni). An erect
more or less branched herb with a smooth stem, glabrous or, in the African
plant, sparsely pilose, at least below. Radical leaves oblanceolate, piunati-
partite, with spreading, rather acute segments or subruncinate. Cauline
leaves narrow-lanceolate, the teeth or segments towards the base usually
larger and deeper, usually shortly petiolate. Racemes elongate, leafless.
Flowers small. Siliquas elongate, very narrow-linear, rather flaccid at first
and subtorulose, spreading, 1^-2 in. or more in length, on pedicels of \-\
in. Seeds oblong, under a lens very minutely granulate. — S. maximum^
Hochst., Fourn. Recherches Crucif. 72.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Widely spread in Southern Europe and Western Asia, extending eastward to the Punjab,
westward to the Canaries. Specimens from the latter islands closely resemble the Abys-
sinian plant. Is not S. capense, Thunb., referable to the same species ?

6. S. abyssinicum, Tourn. Recherches Crucif. 71. Annual, with
sparse, spreading, rigid hairs, attaining 2-3 ft. Leaves sessile, runcinate,
glaucescent, thinly hairy. Pedicels ascending, about equalling the flowers,
at length 6-7 lines. Siliqua torulose, rigid, compressed,, 2 in. long, rostrate ;
valves 3-nerved.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper.

Sisi/mbrium.'\ viii. ckuciferk (olivek). C.j

S. subulatum, Fourn., Kcclicrches Crucif. 72. Much branched annual or biennial.
Leaves undescribed. Fruiting racemes dense, elongate, redicels, in fruit, crecto-patent,
2 lines long, slightly thickened. Siliqua very narrow-linear, torulosc, crecto-apprcssed, su-
bulate, \-\\ in. long, glabrous; valves 3-nerved ; stigma sessile.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper.

Taken from M. Fournier's memoir.

Heliophila. — A large Cape genus, extends northwards to Natal, but I have seen no
tropical specimens. It is characterized by the peculiar embryo, the cotyledons being twice
folded transversely. The leaves arc entire or variously cut, the siliquas long or short, con-
tinuous or the margins sinuate and moniliform. The flowers are white rose yellow or blue,
with equal sepals.

9. BRASSICA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 84.

Sepals treat or spreading, the lateral often saccate at the base. Siliqua
linear, elongate or narrow-linear-lanceolate, beaked, beak sometimes 1-seeded;
valves costate, with or without lateral neryiires ; stigma truncate or 2-lobed.
Seeds not margined or winged,, globose, ellipsoidal or compressed, in one
series. Eadicle incumbent, more or less sheathed by the conduplicate or
concave cotyledons. — Herbs sometimes woody below, glaucous glabrous or
pilose-hispid. Radical leaves lyrate or pinnatipartite, rarely nearly entire.
Plowers usually yellow.

A large and difficnlt genus, including several widely cultivated and very variable specie;.

as Cabbage {B. oleraced) and Mustard, B. (Sinapis) alba and nigra.

The species are most numerous in the temperate zone of the Old World. Two or three

grow at the Cape.

Cauline leaves narrowed below or petiolate. Siliquas ascending ; valves

with midrib aud lateral nervures 1. B.juncea.

Cauline leaves narrow, petiolate. Siliquas short, appressed ; valves
' without distinct lateral nervures 2. B. nigra.

Cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate, amplexicaul. Siliquas erect or ascend-
ing ; valves with median and lateral nervures 5. ^. campesiru.

Radical leaves spreading, pinnatipartite with numerous toothed seg-
ments. Siliquas divergent with a 1-seeded beak 3. ^. Tournefortii.

Glabrous or minutely setulose. Leaves entire or dentate, narrowed

below, uppermost subamplexicaul. Siliquas spreading .... ^. B. Sch imperil

1. B. {Sinapis) joincea (Linn.), DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 612. An erect,
usually more or less branched 'herb, attaining 2-3 ft. or more, glabrous or
minutely setulose below. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or entire; cauline
more or less lanceolate, entire or dentate. Siliquas usually 1-2 in., linear or
iiarrow-linear-lanceolate with a straight, slightly compressed beak ; valves
witii a distinct midrib and more or less obvious, often forking, lateral nerves.
— Sinapis abyssinica, A. Br., and Melanosinapis abyssinica, in Herb. Hort.
Petrop. Brassica carinata, A. Br., Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 22. For extended
synonymy, see Hook. f. et Thorns, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, cultivated, Schimper !
liower Guinea. Angola, Golungo Alto, Br. Welwiisch !
Mozamb. Distr. Near Murchison falls, on the Shire, Vr. Meller !
Extends from S. Europe to China. It is cultivated in the tropics for its oil. It is aUo
used by the natives as a salad.

*2. B. (Sinapis) nigra (Linn.), DC. Syst. Veg ii. 608. A branched

VOL. I. D

66 VIII. CRUCIFER/E (OLIVER). [Brassica.

herb, glabrous or hispid below. Radical leaves lyrate, variously toothed,
upper lanceolate or narrow-oblong, entire or sinuate. Siliquas ^ in. long or
little more, on short, erect pedicels ; beak straight, tapering ; valves with a
strong midrib.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, in cultivated ground, Schimper !
"Widely spread in Southeni Europe and Southern Asia,

3. B. Toumefortii, Gouan ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 602. Erect, usually
with spreading branches, shortly hispid below. Radical leaves narrowed to
the base ; segments patent or slightly recurved, oblong or obovate, toothed,
obtuse or acute, sessile ; cauline pinnatipartite or much reduced and linear
or subulate. Siliquas divergent, straight, slightly torulose, often 1^-2 in.,
exclusive of the straight, 1 -seeded beak of \-\ in. ; valves with a more or
less distinct midrib.

Nile Ziand. Abyssinia, Schimper !
Occurs in N. Africa and Western Asia.

4. B. Schimperi? Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xvii. 86. An erect
herb of 1-2 ft,, glabrous or minutely retrorse-setulose or puberulous. Leaves
lanceolate or oblanceolate, entire or sinuate-dentate, narrowed into a winged
petiole, the uppermost nearly or quite sessile and subamplexicaul. Siliquas
narrow-linear, 1-1^ in. long, patent, with a short beak ; the valves with a
distinct midrib and obscure lateral nervures. -Pedicel short. — Erucastmm
arabicum, F. et M. in Linnsea, xiii. Lit. Bl. 109 {ex Boiss,).

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Our specimens of this plant do not suffice to enable me to describe or determine it satis-
factorily. It agrees well with specimens named B. Schimperi, Boiss,, grown in the Royal
Gardens, Kew, as well as with Boissier's description of the Arabian plant. It may possibly
prove to be a small form of Diplotaxis erucoides.

*5. B. campestris, Linn.; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 588. Erect glabrous
or slightly hispid-pilose below, often glaucescent. Lower leaves lyrate-pin-
natifid, upper ovate-lanceolate, sinuate- dentate, amplexicaul. Siliquas erect
or ascending, on pedicels of ^-1 in. ; valves with median and laterally ana-
stomosing nerves ; beak long, straight, half as long as the valves. — B. am-
plexicaulis, Hochst., Rich. El. Abyss, i, 23.

Nile Xaand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Throughout Europe and greater part of Asia. The Turnip and Colza are cultivated
varieties. Nearly allied is B. oleracea, the type of the cultivated Cabbage and its innumer-
able varieties. Cultivated in Abyssinia. It differs from B. campestris in its upper leaves,
which are not auricled though sessile, and, usually, in the shorter beak of the fruit.

10. DIPLOTAXIS, DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 84.

Sepals at length spreading. Siliquas linear, sometimes elongate, com-
pressed, without or sometimes with (as in the following species) a short 1-
Reeded beak ; valves with a slender median ]ierve ; septum membranous.
Seeds numerous, in two series, ellipsoidal or globose. Cotyledons condupli-
cate. — Herbs with the general aspect of Brassica and scarcely distinguish-
able excepting by the more distinctly biseriate seeds.

Diplotaxis.] viii. crucifeu.« (olivkhj. 67

A genus of about 20 species, chiefly natives of Westeru Asia, Europe, and Northern
Africa.

1. D. erucoideSy DC. Syat. Veg. ii. 631. An erect, more or less
branched herb of 1-2 ft. or more, glabrous or thinly hispitlulous below.
Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or obovate-elliptical, toothed, and sessile or
sometimes narrowed into a slender petiole ; upper pinnatifid or nearly entire
and toothed, usually sessile and more or less amplexicaul. Racemes erect,
ebracteate. Flowers white or purplish, on rather slender pedicels. Siliquas
1 in. long or more, ascending, exceeding the pedicel; stigma (in fruit)
broadly emarginate.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, various localities {Richard).
A species of Western Asia and the Mediterranean region.

11. ERUCA, Tourn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 84.

Sepals erect, nearly equal at the base. Siliquas oblong-linear, turgid, sub-
terete, with a compressed, seedless, sword-like beak ; valves convex with a
distinct median nerve; septum membranous; stigma obtuse, undivided.
Seeds numerous, biseriate or sub-biseriate, with free funicles ; embryo with
conduplicate cotyledons. — Erect branched annuals or biennials. Leaves
lyrate or pinnatifid. Racemes ebracteate.

A small genus of Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and "Western Asia.

1. E. sativa. Lam. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 637. An erect, branched, gla-
brous, or more or less hispid herb of 2 ft. or more. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid,
or obovate to oblanceolate more or less pinnately toothed or sinuate ; upper
leaves petiolate, usually toothed. Flowers tolerably large, white or yellow.
Siliquas erect, on short pedicels; valves about 1 in. long or less, exceeding
or equalling the beak. — Brassica UrucUf Linn. Sp. PI. 932.

Nile Land. Red Sea, Dr. i\^mwo .' Nile, near Assouan, Bromfield ! 'i^whxdi {Schweinf.
et Asch. E)mm.).

The following genera allied to Brassica, Diplotaxis, and Eruca, probably occur in the
desert south of the tropic of Cancer : —

Savignya, DC. Annuals with entire or pinnatifid leaves, rose or violet flowers and stipi-
tate, compressed, elliptical or orbicular silicules.

Moricandia, DC. Shrubby glaucous herbs with entire amplexicaul or pinnatifid leaves,
rather large rose or purple fiowers and narrow linear siliquas.

Henophyton, Coss. et Dur. {Oudneyal Brown in Denh. and Clapp. App. 220). A
shrubby much-branched herb with linear nearly entire leaves, purple flowers, narrow siliquas,
and broadly-winged seeds.

Carrichtera, Adaus. Erect annuals with pinnati- or bipinnatisect leaves, terminal or
leaf-opposed racemes and short, turgid, few-seeded siliquas, with dilated leafy beaks as long
as their valves.

12. SCHOTJWIA, DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 89.

Sepals suberect, lateral broader. Siliqua elliptical, emarginate or cordate
at the base, much compressed laterally with a narrow septum, margins
winged. Style persistent, elongate, subulate. Seeds indefinite. Cotyledons

68 viii. CRUCIFER^ (OLIVER). [Sckomcla.

conduplicate. — Glabrous branching herbs. Leaves entire. Cauline amplexi-
caul. Kacemes narrow, elongate, ebracteate. Flowers pui-ple.
A small genus of the desert regions bordering the Red Sea.

1. S. arabica, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 644. Cauline leaves elliptic-oblong,
broadly pointed or obtuse, sessile, with a deeply cordate or auricled amplexi-
caul base. Eaceraes -^-1 ft. or longer. Siliquas -^-f in. long, \-\ in. broad,
much exceeding the ascending pedicel.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia {Sckweinf. et Asch. Enu7n).
Occurs in Egypt, Arabia, etc.

13. CAPSELLA, Moench; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 86.

Sepals equal, spreading. Siliqua (in the only tropical African species)
obcordate-cuneate, laterally compressed ; septum very narrow. Style short.
Seeds numerous, Kadicle incumbent. — Branched annual herbs. Radical
leaves tufted entire or pinnatifid. Flowers small, white, racemose.

A small genus of which two or three species are very widely diffused weeds in temperate
countries.

*1. C. Bursa-pastoris, BC. Syst. Veg. ii. 383. An erect often more
or less hairy herb with spreading pinnatifid or sometimes entire radical
leaves and elongate ebracteate racemes. Pedicels slender, patent.

Nile Ijand. Ah^?,?,\u\?L, Schimper ! Doubtless introduced.

A weed of cultivation.' Common everywhere in extratropical countries.

14. SUBULARIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 83.

Sepals spreading. Petals sessile. Siliqua shortly stipitate, elliptical ob-
long or subglobose, turgid, with convex ribbed valves ; stigma sessile, entire.
Seeds biseriate. Cotyledons recurved against the incumbent radicle. — Small
aquatic glabrous annuals seldom exceeding 3 or 4 in. Leaves all radical,
linear or subulate. Flowers racemose or corymbose, ebracteate, small, white.

The following is but the second species of the feuus. S. aquatica, upon which the genus
was based, is widely dispersed, occurring in the lakes of Northern Europe, Asia, and
America.

]. S. monticola, A. Br aim ; Schweinf. Fl. Mtliiop. 76. Leaves linear,
obtuse. Raceme corymbose, 2-8-flowered, equalling the leaves.
Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, at a great elevation, Schimper.

15. LEPIDIUM, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 87.

Sepals short, equal at the base or nearly so. 2 or 4 stamens sometimes
deficient. Silicule varying from oblong to obcordate, rarely nearly globose,
usually ranch compressed laterally, apex emarginate or nearly entire ; valves
keeled or winged ; septum nan'ow, membranous. Seeds ■ usually solitary in
each cell. Radicle incumbent or accumbent. Cotyledons entire or tripar-
tite.— Herbs sometimes shrubby, erect or diffuse, glabrous or pubescent.
Leaves various. Flowers small, white, in ebracteate racemes.

Lepidlntn.'] viii. chucifeii.e (olivek). (VJ

A large genus diffused through the temperate and warmer regions both of the Old and
New World. Tea species are enumerated iu the ' Flora Capensis.'

Cotyledons 3-partite. Erect glabrous annual \. L. sativum.

Cotyledons entire.

liadicle incumbent. Puberulous erect or diffuse. Leaves linear or

lanceolate 2. L. ruderale.

Radicle accumbent. Glabrous, erect. Leave.'* oblanceolate, upper

narrower 3. Z. Armoracia.

*1. L. sativum, Lbm. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 533. An erect glabrous an-
nual. Leaves entire or variously lol)ed or pinnatisect, often with linear seg-
ments ; the lower petiolate, the upper linear or linear-oblong, sessile. Sili(pias
obovate- or broadly elliptico-rotundate, emarginate (occasionally with 3 valves),
slightly but thickly winged above.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Kordofan, Kotschy !

Common Cress. Everywhere cultivated, and often a weed of waste places.

2. L. ruderale, Linn. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 540. A more or less mi-
nutely puberulous annual or, in mountainous situations, tufted perennial.
Stem branched erect or diffuse. Radical leaves more or less pinnatifid or in-
cised; canline linear or linear-lanceolate, incised dentate or entire. Racetnes
ebracteate. Pedicels rather exceeding or equalling the silieule,' spreading.
Silicules compressed ovate or rotundate-ovate, scarcely emarginate. Style
very short. Radicle incumbent. — L. intermedium. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 21.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Billon ! Petit !
Iioiver Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Var. alpigenum {L. alpigenum, Kich. Fl. Abyss, i. 22). Biennial from a tufted stock.
Radicle obliquely incumbent. Abyssinia, Petit.

This alpine variety much resembles some Tibetian forms of L. ruderale. Three at least
of the Cape species of Lepidium maintained by Sonder in ' Flora Capensis ' are reduced to
L. ruderale, Linn., by Drs. Hooker and Thomson (Jouru. Linn. Soc. v. 174).

5. Ij. Armoracia, Fisch. et Mey. Index Sem. 1842, 77. An erect,
branched, glabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Radical leaves not seen ; canline
rather coriaceous, oblanceolate, narrowed into the petiole, serrate or dentate-
serrate above ; the upper linear-lanceolate or quite entire. Racemes erect,
ebracteate. Pedicels equalling the silicides, which are broadly elliptical-
rotundate, scarcely emarginate. Style very short. Stamens 2 or 3, accord-
ing to Fischer and Meyer, and Richard. Radicle accumbent. — L. abyssinica,
Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss.; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 21.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper I

This may prove a form of L. latifolium, Linn.

16. THLASPI, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 01.

Sepals small, erect. Silicules laterally compressed, oblong, obcordate or
obovoid, emarginate or rarely acute; valves keeled or winged; sejituni
narrow, membranous ; stigma entire, obtuse, subsessile (in the following
species). Seeds 2-8 in each cell, not margined; cotyledons accumbent.— '
Annual or perennial, usually glabrous or glaucous herbs. Radical leaves en-

70 VIII. CRUCiFERiE (oliver). [Thlospi.

tire or toothed^ tufted; cauline oblong, auricled at the base. Flowers small
in ebracteate racemes, white rose or pale purple.

A genus of temperate and Arctic countries, chiefly of the northern hemisphere.

Silicules compressed, obovate-rotundate, deeply notched \. T. arvense.

Silicules turgid, elliptical, scarcely notched 2. T.sp. nova ?

1. T. arvense, Linn.; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 375. An erect, simple or
branched, glabrous herb. Radical leaves usually withered at time of flower-
ing; cauline oblong, dentate or entire, obtuse or rather acute, amplexicaul.
Silicules much compressed, obovate-rotundate, deeply notched, broadly
winged, \-^ in. long and nearly as broad.

Nile Zjand. Abyssinia {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum.).
A weed of cultivation, widely spread in northern countries.

2. T. sp. nova ? A low, tufted, glabrous or nearly glabrous herb, 2
or 3 in. high or the stems elongate, 6 in. or more, very thinly pilose below.
Leaves rather fleshy, glabrous, oblanceolate or oblong ; the upper sessile,
obtuse, auriculate and minutely toothed or entire. Racemes short, ebrac-
teate, sometimes scarcely exceeding the leaves. Silicules turgid, oblong-
ellipsoidal or obovate-ellipsoidal, rather obtuse, scarcely or not at all emargi-
nate, equalling or exceeding the patent pedicels ; valves convex, carinate.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

17. SENEBIERA, DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 87.

Sepals short, spreading. Siliqua minute, 2-lobed, more or less lateraUy
compressed ; valves rough or crested, roundish, separating when ripe as two
closed, indehiscent, 1-seeded cocci. Embryo curved, with narrow cotyledons
or radicle incumbent. — Low dift'use herbs. Leaves piunatifid or entire.
Racemes usually short, leaf-oppobcd or apparently axillary.

A small, widely dispersed, weed-like genus.

Leaves entire or pinnatisect. Silicules nearly or quite entire (not

emarginate) at the apex \. S. niloiica.

Leaves entire or minutely toothed. Silicules more or less deeply

emargihate at the apex, distinctly didymous 1. S. integrifolia.

1. S. nilotica^ DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 527. An erect, diffuse or sometimes
decumbent, branching, glabrous or nearly glabrous herb. Radical leaves
linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, pinnatisect, toothed or nearly entire. Cauline
entii-e, linear or oblong or pinnately toothed. Racemes lateral and terminal,
often very short, of numerous very small white flowers. Silicules more or
less cordate-reniform ; apex nearly or quite entire (not emarginate), more or
less wrinkled, on slender short pedicels. — Cutyliscus niloHcus, Desv. Journ. iii.
164, 175.

Nile Iiand. Banks of the Nile, various localities south of the tropic of Cancer, Speke
and Grant ! Bromjield ! Petherick ! etc.

2. S. integrifolia, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 522. A glabrous, erect or de-
cumbent, much-branched annual. Leaves linear acute or rather obtuse,

Setiediera,] viii. crucifer^ (oliver). 71

narrowed below, entire or minutely toothed. Flowers numerous, minute, in
slender, terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Silicules didyraons, each valve
subglobose, reticulate-wrinkled. — S. linoides, DC. ; Harv.et Sond. Fl. Cap.
i. 27.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Peters {Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb.) ; Europa Island,
Mozamb. Channel, Spekel

This appears to be a widely -spread coast species, occurring about Capetown, in Mada-
gascar, islands of the Chinese Sea, and N.E. Australia.

S. didyma, Pers., differing from S. integrifolia in having prostrate, more or less hairy
stems and leaves all pinnatipartite, is a very common and widely dispersed weed, which may
be expected as a waif upon the shores of tropical Africa. S. Coronopus, DC, with scarcely
emarginate silicules, also prostrate, with pinnatifid leaves and deeply wrinkled fruits, is likely
to occur in waste places.

18. CRAMBE, Linn.; Bentb. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 98.

Sepals more or less spreading. Silicules separated by an articulation into
two articles ; the upper globose, 1-locular, 1-seeded, with a sessile stigma ;
the lower minute, seedless and pedicel-like. Seed globose, radicle incum-
bent on the conduplicate cotyledons. — Glabrous glaucous or pilose herbs,
sometimes shmbby. Leaves lyrate or toothed. Racemes elongate, simple
or panicled, ebracteate. Flowers white.

A genus of 10 to 20 species, confined chiefly to Europe, Western Asia, and the Atlantic
Islands.

Stem and leaves more or less hispid-pilose 1. C. hispanica.

Stem and leaves glabrous, glaucescent 2. C. sinuato-dentata.

1. C. hispanica, Linn. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 655. An erect herb, more
or less liispid-pih)se below, attaining 1-4 ft. Lower leaves lyrate or reduced
to the large rounded or cordate, terminal lobe, hispid. Cauliiie ovate or lan-
ceolate, petiolate or narrowed below, unequally dentate. Racemes panicled ;
the lateral axillary ones usually considerably shorter than the primary axis. —
C.juncea, Hochst. in PL Schimp. Abyss.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schimper !
A Mediterranean species.

2. C. sinuato-dentata, Hochst. in Schimp. FL Abyss. A slender,
erect, glabrous, glaucescent herb. Cauline-leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceo-
late, acute or subacute, toothed ; the lower petiolate. Racemes simple or
forked, elongate.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

This plant appears different from any other species which I have seen. It is probable
that the racemes become panicled in more luxuriant specimens.

19. ENARTHROCARPUS, Labill. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 99.

Sepals erect, equal at the base or the two lateral saccate. Siliquas elon-
gate, curved, somewhat compressed, separated by an articulation into two
indehiscent articles; the lower article shorter, with connate valves, 1-4-
seeded, seeds pendulous ; upper article 3-6-scc(le(l, seeds erect. Radicle

72 VIII. CRUCIFER^ (OLIVER). [Enartkrocarpus.

incumbent and the cotyledons in the seeds of the lower article conduplicate
or folded. — Erect, scabrid or more or less hispid annual herbs. Leaves, ra-
dical lyrate, cauline toothed. Racemes elongate, more or less bracteate.
Flowers yellowish or purple.

A ^raall genus of the eastern Mediterranean region.

Siliqua not winged, distinctly longitudinally striate 1. ^. lyrattis.

Siliqua winged below, acuminate, transversely barred 2,. E. pterocarpus.

1. C lyratus, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 661.' An erect or ascending, more or
less branched herb, more or less pilose-hirsute below. Radical leaves lyrate-
pinnatifid, lobes spreading, toothed ; cauline lyrately- or pinnately-toothed,
more or less hirsute or sparsely pilose. Racemes terminal, elongate, bracteate.
Bracts oblong or oblanceolate, toothed or the lower lyrate. Pedicels erect,
1-2 lines. Flowers " yellowish, streaked with purple." Siliquas erect or
curved, more or less nodulose, longitudinally striate, glabrate scabrid or
pilose, obtusely acuminate with the persistent style.

Nile liand. Dongola, Ehrenberg.
Au Egyptian plant.

2. E. jpterocarpus, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 661. Much branched from the
base, hispid-scabrid below. Leaves petiolate, lyrate-pinnatifid with dentate
segments ; upper oblong, dentate or serrate. Pedicels erect, usually brac-
teate. Siliquas erect, linear-acuminate arcuate, with winged setulose-scabrid
margins; valves transversely constricted. — Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. 93.

Nile Ijand. Nubia {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum.).
Also in Egypt.

20. ZILLA, Forsk. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 98.

Sepals erect. Petals clawed. Silicule bony or crustaceous, ovoid or pyra-
midal, beaked, winged or unappendaged. Seeds solitary. Cotyledons con-
duplicate. — Shrubby, much-branched, often spinescent herbs. Leaves oblong
or linear, entire or toothed, rather fleshy. Flowers white or violet, solitary
or racemose.

A small desert genus of northern Africa and western Asia.

1. Z. myagroides, Forsk. ; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 646. Glaucous more
or less. Branches rigid, terete, intricate, usually terminating in acute divari-
cate spines. Flowers scattered on the extremities or subracemose. Silicule
shortly pedicellate, ovoid or ovoid-globose with a conical-subulate beak,
nearly smooth or reticulate-rugose.

Var. microcarpa {Z. microcarpa. Vis. ; Schweinf. PI. Nilot. t. 7).
Nile Iiand. Nubia {Schweinf. et Asch. Ermm.).
A desert plant of North Africa and Arabia.

21. DIPTERYGIUM, Dene. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 95.

Sepals short. Silicules ellipsoidal, slightly compressed laterally, indehis-
ceut, girt with a membranous wing, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed not margined ;
cotyledons concave; radicle incumbent. — A shrubby herb, with numerous,

Dipterygium.'] viii. crucifer.e (olivek). 73

straight, rigid, divaricate branches, terminating in narrow, small and rather
distant-flowered, bracteolate racemes. Leaves very small, oblong or ovate,
entire, on very short petioles.

1. D. glaucum, Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. iv. 67. Glabrous or
granular-scabrid. Leaves 2-10 lines long, glabrous or rough with glands. —
Fteroloma arabicum, Hochst. et Steud.

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Kotschy I Bromfieldl Schweinfurth !

Tlie ouly species of (he genus, occurring also in Arabia and N.W. India.

22. RAPHANUS, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 101.

Sepals erect; the lateral ones saccate at the base. Petals veiny. Siliqua
short or elongate, terete, continuous or constricted, continuous within or
tilled with cellular or corky tissue, in which the seeds are singly immersed ;
style slender ; stigma emarginate or scarcely divided. Seeds globose or more
or less compressed ; radicle incumbent, cotyledons conduplicate. — Annual or
biennial, branched, hispid or glabrous herbs. Radical leaves lyrate. Flowers
tolerably large, white or buff, veined with purple.

A small genus of Europe and temperate Asia, of which the following species (the Radish)
is widely cultivated, and often occurs as a stray weed in waste places.

*1. R. sativus, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 663. Flowers variable in colour,
white yellow or lilac. Siliqua 1-2 in. long, 4-5 lines in diam., continuous,
terminating in a tapering beak. Seeds immersed in light, cavernous, cellular
tissue.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, cultivated (i2ec^fl;-fl^).

Order IX. CAPPARIDACE^ (by Professor Oliver).

Flowers regular or the sepals or petals sometimes unequal, rarely polyga-
mous. Sepals 4, rarely 3 or 5, free or connate below, valvate, imbricate or
open in aestivation. Petals 4 or 0, rarely 3 or indefinite, sessile or clawed.
Torus sometimes with a linear, oblo«g or ligulate-tubular appendix. Sta-
mens definite or indefinite, inserted upon the torus, which is sometimes
shortly columnar, or the filaments adherent more or less to the gynophore ;
filaments equal or unequal, usually filiform ; anthers usually oblong or linear,
2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally' (some of them efi'ete in certain s{)ecies).
Ovary sessile or supported upon a gynophore of various length, usually ovoid,
globose or oblong, 1-celled or divided by spurious dissepiments into 2 or
more cells. Ovules indefinite, sometimes few, parietal. Fruit a siliquiform
capside, or baccate, oblong, globose or elongate, cylindrical or torulose, manv-
or few-, rarely 1-seeded. Seeds usually more or less reniform, or somewhat
angular in baccate fruits, with a cmstaceous or coriaceous testa ; albumen
thin or 0. Embryo usually curved ; cotyledons plane, folded or convolute ;
radicle often conical and incumbent. — Herbs shrubs or trees, often scandent,
glabrous pubescent tomentose glandular or scabrid. Leaves alternate,
rarely fasciculate, simple or 3-7-foliolate, leaflets usually entire ; stipules,

74 IX. CAPPAKIDACEiE (oLIVER).

when present, minute or represented by short spines. Flowers axillary or
terminal, solitary racemose corymbose fascicled or umbellate, often showy.

A large family of tropical and subtropical countries of both hemispheres. Of the eleven
genera represented in tropical Africa, four are common to Asia and America, two to Asia
and Africa only, whUe five are peculiar to Africa and the Mascarene Islands.

Fruit a siliquiform (linear, oral or ellipsoidal) capsule with 2 valves
separating from a persistent replum. Sect. Cleomece.

Stamens inserted upon the torus ] • Cleome.

Stamens inserted upon the gynophore 2. Gynandropsis.

Fruit various, usually indehiscent, baccate (in few species at length de-
hiscent, without a septum). Sect. Capparece.
Sepals coherent ; the calyx transversely ruptured on expansion.

Petals 0 . . . ., *. 3. Thylachium.

Sepals connate below in a tube ; lobes free.

Calyx-lobes 4, valvate ; tube infundibuliform or tubular. Petals

4 or 0 4. M^RUA.

Calyx-lobes 3 (rarely 4-2), valvate ; tube short. Petals 0. Ovary

fusiform 5. Courbo'nia.

Sepals free (or very shortly connate below), open imbricate or
valvate, in one or two series.
Torus with a tubular or ligulate appendix.

Sepals in two series ; the outer pair enclosing the inner in

bud. Stamens 4-5. Leaves simple 6. Cadaba.

Torus with a linear appendix, terminating in minute knobs.
Sepals open in aestivation. Stamens 5-7. Leaves 3-

foliolate. 7. Euadenia.

Torus without an appendix.

Sepals 4, valvate, equal. Petals 0. Stamens 6-20, Leaves

simple 8, Boscia,

Sepals 4, imbricate or valvate, in one or two series, equal or
unequal (apparently 2 sepals in sect. Petersia). Petals 4,

Leaves simple. Branches often spinose 9, Capparis,

Sepals 4, open in eestivation. Petals 4, with a distinct claw.

Trifoliolate, unarmed 10. Crat^va,

Sepals 4, valvate. Petals 4-co. Leaves 8-5-foliolate or

simple 11. RiTCHiEA,

1. CLEOME, Linn,; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen, PL i. 105.

(Polanisia, Eafn. ; Benth. et Hook.f. I. ".. 106,)

Sepals 4, ovate, lanceolate, linear or subulate, free or coherent below, de-
ciduous or persistent. Petals 4, equal or unequal, clawed or sessile, entire or
nearly so, imbricate convolute or open in aestivation. Stamens 4-20, all or
two or more anther-bearing, often unequal and more or less declinate, inserted
upon the torus, free or very shortly coherent at the base. Ovary sessile or
stipitate, 1-celled ; ovules indefinite on two parietal placentas ; style various
or 0. Capsule linear, oval or ellipsoidal, sessile or stipitate, 1-celled, with
membranous or rather coriaceous valves separating from a persistent replum.
Seeds indefinite, reniform or globose-reniform, glabrous or pilose, smooth or
variously rugose ; cotyledons incurved or circinate, — Herbs or shrubs, rarely
subarborescent, glabrous, glandular, scabrous or aculeolate. Leaves simple
or 3-7-foliolate ; leaflets entire or sermlate. Flowers racemose or solitary
and axillary, white yellow or purplish.— Z)/««^/^era, Kl, in Peters' Mossamb.

Cltome.'] IX. CAPPAKlDACEiE (OLIVER). 75

Bot. 160, Chilocalyx, Kl, I.e. 154. Decastemon, Kl. I. c. 157. Sywphyo-
stemon, Kl. I.e. 159. Anomalostemon, Kl. I.e. 162.

A large genus of tropical and subtropical countries both of the Old and New World-
Several of the species are common to tropical Africa and to India, and one or two of the fol-
lowing are closely allied to, if not identical with, S. American species.

It is probable that some of the Arabian, N. African, and Cape species, not referred to
here, may penetrate within the tropics.

Leaves simple.

Stamens 4-6.

Erect 4-2 ft. Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong, pubescent. Sta-
mens 6. Capsule 1-4 in. Seeds transversely rugose . . . . \. C. monophylla.

Low, branching, scabrous or hispid herb. Leaves ovate to orbicular

or cordate. Stamens 6. Capsule f-l^ in. Seeds minutely pitted 2. C. papulosa.

Branches 1-2 ft. Glandular setulose or scabrous. Leaves lanceo-
late to ovate-lanceolate. Stamens 6. Capsule linear-oval, li-2i
in., pendulous. Seeds pilose 3. C. trinercia.

Low, branching, hispid herb. Leaves broadly ovate-rotundate. Sta-
mens 4. Capsule usually under \ in. Seeds minutely granular . 4. C. droserifolia.

Stamens 10-14.
Ascending or diflfuse, i-14 ft. Leaves oblong- to rotundate-ovate,
shortly glandular-hirsute. Style equalling or exceeding the oval-
oblong ovary. Capsule 2-4 lines long 5. C. chrysanlha.

Leaves 2>-h-l-foliolate.
t Anther-bearing stamens about 6 or fewer.

* Capsule sessile or subsessile.
Scabrous. Trifoliolate below. Capsules linear -oval, pendulous.

Seeds cottony-pilose . 6. C. arabica.

Diffuse. Leaflets 3-5-1, oblanceolate or oblong. Capsule oval or

elliptical, 2-4 lines long. Style long. Seeds nearly smooth . 7. C. brachycarpa.
Erect, glabrous. Trifoliolate ; leaflets filiform. Capsule linear,

1-2 iu. long 8. a tenella.

* Capsule distinctly stipitate.
Glabrous or with sessile glands above. Leaflets 3-6, linear or

linear-lanceolate. Capsule linear, 4 in. long. Seeds shortly

pilose 9. C. paradoxa.

Trifoliolate. Leaflets rhombo-elliptical to lanceolate, thinly setu-

lose-pilose at first. Capsule linear, 1^-24 in 10. C. ciliata.

Puberulous, often minutely aculeate. Leaflets 5, lanceolate or ob-
lanceolate acuminate. Racemes bracteate. Stamens much ex-
serted. Capsule linear-oval, about 2 iu. long, glabrous on gyno-
phore of 1 iu 1 1 . C. spinosa 1

Gland ular-setulose. Leaflets 3-5, linear, setulose or glabrate.
Racemes closely bracteate. Stamens 6. Capsule linear, 1 in.
Seeds transversely rugose 12. C. Ibendella.

Erect, glabrous, glaucescent. Leaflets 5-7, very narrow-linear.

Perfect stamens 4. Capsule linear, 3 in. Seeds pitted . . .13. C. didynama.

Erect, glabrous or thinly glandular, glaucescent. Leaflets 3-7,
very narrow, linear. Perfect stamens 2. Capsule narrow-
linear, 2-3 in. Seeds pitted, shortly hairy 14. C. diandra.

t Anther-bearing stamens 8 to 20.

* Capsule sessile.

Glandular-pubescent. Leaflets 5 or 3, obovatc to lanceolate. Cap-
sule glandular-pubescent 15. C. viscosa. '

76 IX. CAPPARIDACE.E (oLiVEii). [Cleomc.

* Capsule distinctly stipitate.

Glandular-pilose. Leaflets 5 or 3, obovate. Capsule striate.

Seeds pitted, glabrous 16. C.foliosa.

Strigose. Leaflets 5 or 3, obovate. Stamens 10-14. Capsule
strigillose or glabrous ; valves with about 3 nervures. Seeds
transversely rugulose 17. C strifjosa.

Glabrous. Leaflets 3, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or acu-
minate. Bracts minute, subulate. Pedicels very short. Sepals
linear-subulate. Capsule-valves 3-nerved, glabrous . . . . 18. C chilocahjx.

Pubescent or puberulous. Leaflets 7-5, linear-lanceolate or linear,
rather obtuse. Bracts 5-3-1-foliolate. Sepals linear. Cap-
sule setulose-pubescent 19. C. hirta.

Pubescent or strigillose. Leaflets 3-5, oblanceolate or oval acute.

Bracts 1-3-foliolate. Capsule hairy or glabrate 20. C. Bororensis.

1. C. monophylla, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 239. An erect, branching-,
piibescent herb, usually from 6 in, to 2 ft. .Leaves oblong- to linear-lanceo-
late, acute or rather obtuse, entire, base obtuse, rounded or slightly cordate,
usually 1-3 in. long, 2-10 lines broad ; petiole varying from 2 lines to 1 in.
or more. Ilacemes bracteate ; bracts linear, lanceolate or ovate, sessile or
subsessile. Plowers pale rose or white and red, on slender ascending pedicels.
Sepals narrow-linear. Stamens 6. Capsule narrow-linear, 1-4 in. long,
striate, shortly pilose-pubescent, tipped with the short style ; gynophore very
short or 0. Seeds transversely rugose. — C. cordata, Burch., DC. Prod. i.
239. C. subcordata, Steud. in Schirap. PI. Abyss.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet I Niger, Barter I
North Central, E. Vogel !

Nile Land, Abyssinia, 6Vi^i>«j9^r / ^nd others ; Kordofan, Cienkowski ; 5-6° south lat.,
Speke and Gratd !

Iiower Guinea. Angola, weed of cultivation, Br. Wehcitsch !
Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Br. Kirk!
Also at the Cape.

2. C. papulosa, Steud. Nom. Bot. ; Anderson in Journ. Linn. Soc. v.
Suppl. i. 3. A low scabrous or hispid herb of 4-12 in., usually with several
erect or ascending slender stems more or less leafy beloAv. Radical leaves
ovate to orbicular, shortly hispid-scabrous, entire, i-1 in. diam., petiolate ;
cauline leaves often cordate-based, shortly petiolate or sessile. Flowers
small, lax, on capillary ascending or patent pedicels. Eracts small or obso-
lete. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Stamens 6. Capsule narrow-linear, patent
or slightly decurved, sessile, glabrous or nearly so, f- 1| in. long. Style very
short. Seeds reniform, dark, minutely pitted-rugulose. — C. Ehrenhergiana.
Schweinfurth, Fl. .Ethiop. 68. C. Radula, Fenzl in Flora 1844, 312.

Nile Ijand. Kordofan, Kotschy ! Abyssinia, Schimper ! Nubia, Ehrenherg.
Extends eastward through Arabia to N.W. India.

*3. C. trinervia, Fresen. in Mus. Se7ick. i. 177. t. xi. Branches 1-2.
ft., glandular-setulose. Leaves lanceolate ovate-lanceolate or oval, rather
acute, more or less densely glandular, 3-nerved below, 1 in. long or less in
our specimens, on petioles of ^ in. or shorter. Eacemes ,at length elongate.
Bracts oval or linear, shorter than the pedicels or obsolete. Sepals lanceolate
to ovate, 3-4 times shorter than the oval clawed petals. Stameiis 6. Fruit
linear-oval, sessile or subsessile, 1^-2^ in. long, about 3 lines broad, pendu-

Cieome.] ix. caim'akidace.i-; (ulivrr). 77

bus, on patent pedicels; valves scabrid. Style very sliort or stigma subses-
sile. Seeds pilose.

I have only seen spccinittns from Arabia and Upper Egypt, but it is likely to occur south
of the tropic. This plant has much of the aspect of C. arabica.

4. C. droserifolia, Del He ; DC. Prod. i. 239. A low mueh-branched
and shrubby glandular-hispid herb of 3 to 10 in. Leaves broadly ovate-ro-
tundate, obtuse, with a more or less truneate triplinerved base, setose, hispid
or scabrous, }-^ in. diam., equalling or usually shorter than tlieir petioles.
Flowers axillary, pedicellate. Sepals glandular-setose. Petals somewhat
lanceolate with a thickened scale-like appendage at the base. Stamens 4.
Ovary oblong or oval, shortly and densely glandular, sessile or subsessile,
with a very long slender style. Fruit oval, 4-5 lines long, with setose-hispid
concave valves. Seeds renifbrm-giobose, rather compressed, minutely granu-
lar.— C. Roridula, K. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 65.

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Abyssinia {Schiceivf. et Asch. Enutn.) ; Abyssinia, Sail !
Fouud also iu Egypt and Arabia.

5. C. chrysanthaj Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. iii. 274. An as-
cending or diti'use herb G-18 in. high or sometimes flowering as seedlings of
1-2 in. Stem leafy, simple or branched, pilose or hirsute with spreading
simple or glandular hairs. Leaves from rotundate- to oblong-ovate, obtuse
or scarcely acute, entire, shortly glandular-hirsute, 3-7 lines long, on more or
less spreading petioles shorter than or exceeding the blade. Flowers in the
axils of the upper leaves, which usually equal or exceed the pedicels. Sta-
mens 10-14, of which a few are often smaller or effete. Style slender,
equalling or exceeding the oblong-oval, closely glandular-pilose, sessile or
subsessile ovary ; stigma capitate. Capsule oval-oblong, 2-4 lines long.
Seeds globose-reniform, minutely pitted-rugulose.

Nile Land. Deserts of Nubia, Peiherick ! Bromfidd 1 Kotschy !
Also an Arabian plant.

G. C. arabica, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 240. Erect, simple or branched,
scabrous. Leaves 3-phyllous or the upper simple ; leaflets usually oblnnceo-
late or linear, rather obtuse, glabrous or scabrous. Racemes leafy. Stamens
G (or 5). Ovary sessile or subsessile. Capsule linear-oval, scabrous, often
pendulous. Seeds cottony -pilose. — C. Siliquaria, K. Br. in Salt, App. 65.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Nubia {Schiveinf. et Asch. Enum.').

Perhaj)S also Soudan (R. 13ro\vn in Denham and Clapp. App. 17). ^Vidcly spread in
North Africa.

7. C. brachycarpa, Vald ; DC. Prod. i. 240. A low diffuse herb
4-8 in. high, more or less glandular-pubescent or scabrid-setulose, sometimes
glabrescent. Leaves 3-5-1-roliolate, petiolate or the upper sessile ; leaflets
oblanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse and mucronulate. Flowers pedicel-
late in the axils of the upper leaves or distinctly racemose with simple or 3-
foliolate bracts. Pedicels slender, much exceeding or equalling the bracts.
Sepals lanceolate. Stamens 6, of which one is sometimes imperfect. Ovary
minutely glandular or glabrous, sessile. Style slender. Capsule oval or
elliptical, usually glandular, 2-4 lines long, longer or shorter tlian the style;

78 IX. CAPPARIDACE^ (oLIVER). [Cl£0m4!.

stigma capitate or subcapitate. Seeds nearly smooth. — C. Fahliana, Pres.
ia Mus. Senck. ii. 110. C. diversifolia, Hochst. et Steud. in Schimp. PI.
Arab. C.parvijlord R. Br. in SaU, Abyss. 65.

Nile Zaand. Abyssinia, Sali I Roth ! Kordofao, Cienkowski ; Nubia, Schweinfurtk /

Grows also in N.W. India and Arabia. Very common at Aden.

8. C. tenella, ii«M. /. ; DC. Prod. i. 240. An erect, perfectly gla-
brous, glaucescent herb, 1-2 ft. high, with numerous slender forking branches.
Leaves 3-folioIate, on very slender ascending petioles or the upper simple ;
leaflets linear, filiform, scarcely thicker than the petiole. Flowers small, on
hair-like pedicels in the axils of the upper leaves. Sepals ovate or oblong-
lanceolate, much shorter than the oval, clawed, purple-streaked petals. Sta-
mens 6. Pruit naiTOw-linear, glabrous, 1-2 in. long, sessile or subsessile,
striate. Style very short. Seeds globose-reniform, minutely rugulose-pitted.
— Cleome angustifolia, Rich, in PI. Seneg. (non Porsk.) 21.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrettet, Hiissenot !
Nile Iiand. Sennar, Kotschy !
Extends to India.

9. C» paradoxa, Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 65. An erect, somewhat
shrubby plant of 2-3 ft., the branches simple or forking, leafy, glabrous or
with dark sessile glands above. Leaves 3-6-foliolate ; leaflets linear or
linear-lanceolate, glabrous, glaucescent. Racemes terminal. Plowers pedi-
cellate, rather large, yellow or rose, closely corymbose at first. Bracts linear
or obsolete. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, often glandular. Petals un-
equal. Stamens 6, 2 usually mucb longer. Pruits widely spreading or pen-
dulous, linear, tapering to each end, about 4 in. long, 2-3 lines broad;
gynophore -j— f in. Persistent style short, tapering, many times shorter
than the glabrous striate valves. Seeds subglobose, shortly pilose. Coty-
ledons circinate. — C. vemista, Penzl in Plora 1844, 312 (name only). Di-
anthera grandijiora, Kl. in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 161 (Schweinfurth, PI.
iEthiop. 71, 305).

Nile Ziand. Abyssinia, SaU ! Roth ! Kordofan, Kotschy !
Common at Aden.

10. C. ciliata, Schum. et Thonn. Guin. PI. 294. An erect, sparsely setu-
lose-pilose or subglabrous herb, simple or branched below, from a few inches
to 2 or 3 ft. and suffrutescent. Leaves 3-foliolate or sometimes 5-foliolate,
rhomboid-elliptical to lanceolate, usually acute at each end, minutely or ob-
soletely ciliolate and very thinly pilose-setulose at first or glabrous, petiolate
or the upper sessile. Sepals narrowly linear-lanceolate. Stamens 6. Siliqua
linear, 1-2| in., narrowed to each end, stipitate, glabrous or glandular-setu-
lose with longitudinal anastomosing nerves ; gynophore \-^ in. Style
short, slender. Seeds transversely rugose. — C. guineejisis, Hook. f. PI. Nigrit.
218.

Upper GKiinea. Senegambia, Sierra Leone, Cape Coast, Niger, T. Vogel and Barter !
Camaroons river, Mann ! Prince's Island, Mann.

laower Guinea. Congo, Smith ! Burton ! various provinces of Angola, both in dry
and moist pastures. Dr. fFeltoitsch !

11. C. spinosa TAnn. ? DC. Prod. i. 239. Shrubby, the extremities

Cleome.] ix. capparidace^ (oliver). 79

glandular-puberulous with or without scattered short aculei often present at
the base of the petioles. Leaves S-foliolate ; leaflets lanceolate or oblanceo-
late, shortly petiolulate, acuminate, at first hispidulo-pubescent or setulose,
especially on the midrib and veins. Racemes with numerous elliptical or
oval acute sessile or shortly petiolate bracts. Flowers pink. Sepals linear-
Janceolate. Stamens about 6, much exserted (inserted within a fleshy disk
in one specimen). Capsule linear-oval, on patent pedicels 1^-2^ in. long, 3-4
lines broad, on long stipes of 1-1 i in., glabrous, finely striate when dry ;
stigma capitate sessile or subsessile. Seeds globose-reniform, smooth or
nearly so.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, W. C. Thorfison !

(? Congo, Smith, a very bad specimen.)

C. spinosa is an American species. I have had imperfect material for determination and
the African plant may prove a distinct species, though certainly nearly allied to some New
World forms of confused synonymy. It is near to C. micrantha, Desv.

12. C. Iberidella, TTelw. mss. An erect, minutely and thinly glandu-
lar-setulose herb, branched below, |-1^ ft. Leaves 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets
linear, scarcely acute or mucronulate, with the petioles, which they usually
exceed, sparsely setulose or glabrescent. . Erect flowering branches with
very numerous or almost crowded, minute, sessile, 3-foliolate or simple
bracts. Pedicels patent, capillary, i— | in., glandular-puberulent. Sepals
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Petals nearly equal, linear, narrowed below.
Stamens 6, aH fertile. Capsule linear, decurved, about 1 in. long, finely
striate, with a slender, subulate, persistent style, and stipes of about 2 lines.
Seeds transversely tuberculate-mgose.

Ijovrer Guinea. Angola ; Pungo-Audongo, abundant in sandy and stony places by
the Cuanza, Br. Welwitsch !

13. C. didjrnainay Hochst. in Schimp.Fl. Abyss. An erect, branched,
perfectly glabrous, glaucescent herb, probably attaining 2 or 3 ft. Leaves
5-7-foliolate, petiolate ; leaflets very narrow-linear. Racemes lax ; bracts
very narrow-linear, 3-foliolate or simple. Pedicels capiUar}-, at length about
1 in. long. Sepals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. Anther-bearing stamens
4 ; starainodia 4. Capsule naiTOw-linear, spreading or pendulous, about 3
in. long, shortly stipitate, glabrous, with longitudinal, anastomosing veins,
tapering into the slender style. Seeds globose-reniform, minutely pitted,
nearly or quite glabrous. — Dianthera abyssinica, Schweinf. Fl. .^thiop. 70
(ex. descr.).

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Nearly allied to a Cape Cleome, the Tetrateleia macnlata of Sonder, Fl. Capensis, i. 58.

14. C.diandra, Burck.Trav.i. 548. An erect,simple or branched, glabrous
or thinly glandular or minutely aculeolate, glaucescent or glaucous herb, some-
times woody below. Leaves 5-7-3-foliolate, with very narrow linear leaflets.
Racemes lax. Bracts 3-1-foliolate. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Two longer
petals obovate or oblanceolate, clawed. Anther-bearing stamens 2; staminodia
6-12. Ovary stipitate. Stigma capitate. Capsule narrow-linear, patent or
pendulous, glabrous, rather finely striate, 2-3 in. long, on stipes of about \
in. Seeds pitted, shortly hairy. — Polanisiadiavthera, DC. Prod.i. 242. Di-
anthera Bvrchelliana and D. Peteisinna, Kl. in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 160.

80 IX. CAPPARiDACE.i: (oliver). \CJeowp.

Nile Iiand. Kordofan, Cienkowski ; Abyssinia {JSchweinf. et Asch. Enum.).
liower Guinea. Sandy places, Mossamedes, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !
Mozaxnb. Distr. Zambesi, Peters.
A species included in the Cape Flora.

Var. fi. pteropoda (Welw.), petioles dilated ; capsules 2-3 lines broad. — Coast near Mos-
samedes, Dr. Welwitsch !

This variety looks distinct, but is, I believe, merely a maritime condition of the type.

15. C. yiscosa, Lmn. Sp. PI. 938. An erect, glandular-pubescent
herb, from a few inches to 1 or 2 ft. Leaves usually 5-3-foliolate ; leaflets
elliptical, varying from obovate to lanceolate,, narrowed to the base or shortly
petiolulate, obtuse acute or acuminate, more or less pubescent or glabrate.
Flowers yellow, racemose in the axils of the upper leaves. Sepals linear.
Petals oblanceolate, narrowed into the claw, often 2-3 times longer than the
sepals. Stamens about 12 (8-20). Capsule narroAv-linear, glandular-
pubescent, sessile, 2-4 in. long or sometimes shorter. Style slender, variable
in length. Seeds transversely rugose. — Polanisia viscosa, DC. Prod. i. 242.
P. orlliocarpa, Hochst. ; Webb, Frag. Fl. jEthiop. 23. P. viscosa, ft. icosan-
dra, Herb. Schweinf.

North Central. K Vogel!

Nile laand. Kordofan and Seunar, Kotschy ! Gallabat, Schweinf arth !
No doubt more frequent in tropical Africa than the few recorded stations indicate. . Very
common in India, extending to China and Australia.

16. C. foliosa, Hook.f. Fl. Nigrit. 219. Branches 1 ft. or more in
length, erect, leafy, glandular-pilose or pubescent, or glabrate from a woody,
sometimes prostrate stem. Lower leaves usually 5-foliolate, upper or all 3-
foliolate ; leaflets obovate, elliptical or obovate-rotundate, obtuse or minutely
mucronate, very shortly petiolulate or sessile, minutely glandular-pubescent,
\-l\ in. long, i-| in. broad. Flowers pedicellate in the axils of the upper
leaves or inbracteate racemes ; bracts usually 3-foliolate, \-l in. diam. when
expanded. Stamens (6 according to Dr. Hooker) inserted on the torus. Fruit
narrow-linear, 2-2| in. long, glandular-puberulous, striate, stipitate. Style
short. Seeds pitted, glabrous. — Polanisia Maximiliana, Wawra and Peyritsch,
Sert. Beng. 26 {ex descr.).

LiOwer Guinea. Elephant Bay, W. Tropical Africa (south of equator), Curror !
Benguela, Wawra.

Closely resembling C. viscosa, as observed by Dr. Hooker, but diifering in its stipitate
ovary.

17. C. strigosa^ Oliv. An erect, strigose herb. Leaves 5-3-foliolate;
leaflets obovate, narrowed to the base, apex obtuse or rounded, 1 in. long or
less in our specimens, appressed-strigose. Flowers rather large, rose-coloured,
pedicellate in the axils of 3-foliolate or simple bracts. Stamens 10-13.
Capsule naiTovv-linear, minutely strigillose or glabrous, 1-2^ in. long ; valves
with about 3 strong nervures ; stipes from 2-8 lines. Style short. Seeds
reniform-globose, transversely rugulose. — Polanisia slrigosa, Bojer in Ann.
Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xx. 56. Becastemon zanzibaricus, Kl. in Peters' Mossamb.
Bot. 158. Symphyostemon str ictus, Kl. 1. c. 159.

Mozamb. Distr. Island of Zanzibar, Bojer! Mozambique, Dr. Peters !
Allied to C. viscosa, from which it diflfers in its shortly strigose stem and leaves, larger
red flowers, and stipitate fruit.

Cleome.] ix. capparidace/e (oliveu). 81

I (}o not perceive any specific difference between authentic specimens named by Klotzsch
as above.

18. C. chilocaljTX, Oliv. An erect, slender, glabrous annual^ 1-2 ft.
high. Leaves 3-foliolate, chiefly from the lower part of the stem, on rather
long, slender petioles, usually exceeding the lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, minutely setose-serrulate, subsessile leaflets. Racemes
at length elongate, lax. Bracts minute, subulate. Pedicels very short,
patent, 1-3 lines long. Sepals linear-subulate, unequal. Petals linear-
spathulate, about ^ in. long in our specimens. Stamens 10-12. Capsules
spreading, narrow-linear, elongate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous, longitudinally
3 ^-nerved, on a gynophore of ^-f in. Seeds globose, reniform, transversely
rugose, with intermediate longitudinal striae. — Chilocalyx macrophyllus, Kl.
in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 155.

Var. )8. tenuifolius {0. tenuifoHus, Kl. I.e.). Leaflets linear.
Mozaxnb. Distr. Zambesi and Shire, I)rs. Kirk and Meller ! Peters !

19. C. hirta^ Oliv. An erect, pilose-pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high.
Leaves on rather long petioles, 7-5-foliolate, minutely hairy, scaberulous or
glabrescent ; leaflets narrow linear-lanceolate or linear, usually rather obtuse
or broadly pointed. Racemes more or less leafy, with simple or 5-3-foliolatc
bracts. Sepals Imear, acute, glandular. Petals nearly equal, purple and
white or blotched with yellow. Stamens 10-12, rarely fewer, the longer at
length much exserted. Capsule narrow-linear, sparsely setulose-pubescent
or glabrate, striate, about 2-3^ in. long, on a short gynophore. Seeds glo-
bose-reniform, transversely rugose. — Becastemon hirtus, Kl. in Peters' Mos-
samb. Bot. 157.

Lower Guinea. Various provinces of Angola, in sandy and waste ground, Br. Wei-
toitsch !

South Central. Lat. 23° S., Chapman and Baines!

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi and Maravi country, Dr. Kirk ! Zanzibar, lat. G'' S.,
Speke and Grant !

20. C. Bororensis, Oliv. An erect, slightly pubescent or strigillose
herb of 2-4 ft. Leaves 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets oblanceolate or oval, acute or
acuminate, narrowed below, minutely pubescent or thinly strigillose, equalling
or exceeding the petioles. Racemes bracteate ; bracts simple or 3-foliolate.
Pedicels spreading, about ^ in. Stamens 9-10 {^-^, Klotzsch). Capsule
3-4 in., narrow -linear, with forking striae, slightly hairy or glabrate, narrowed
into a slender style ; gynophore about \ in. Seeds nearly smooth and gla-
brous.— Anomalostejnon Boro7'ensis, Kl. in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 162.

Mozamb. Distr. Boror, Zambesi, Br. Peters !

Cleome rc.mosissima, Parlatorc in Webb, Frag. R. ^thiop. 22, I have not satisfactorily
identified. It is described as tall, shrubby, much-branched, glandular-pilose. Leaflets 3,
.ovate-lanceolate. Bracts simple, linear-oblong, rather obtuse. Capsules sessile, linear-
oblong, glabrous. Immature seeds glabrous.

Nile Iiand. Sennar and Kordofan.

2. GYNANDROPSIS, DC. ; Benth. et Hook f. Gen. PI. i. 106.
Sepals 4, deciduous. Petals 4, unguiculate. Stamens about G, inserted

82 TX. CAPPARiDACEyE (oliver). [Gt/nandropsis.

upon the elongated gynopbore. Ovary stipitate, 1 -celled, with 2 multiovn-
late parietal placentas. Fruit and seeds as in Cleome. — Leafy herbs, with
digitate, 3-7-foliolate leaves. Racemes bracteate. Flowers usually white or
purple.

A small genus, common to the tropics of both hemispheres, artificially distinguished from
Cleome by the insertion of the stamens upon the gynophore.

1. G. pentaphylla DC. Prod. i. 238. An erect herb of 1 or 2 ft.
or sometimes shrubby below and taller, or reduced to 3 or 4 in. ; the extremi-
ties and young leaves usually thinly pilose or pubescent. Leaves 5-foliolate ;
the upper 3-foliolate ; leaflets obovate or oblanceolate, acute acuminate or
obtuse, denticulate serrulate or entire. Racemes with simple or 3-foliolate
bracts. Flowers white or purplish. Fruit narrow-linear, tapering into the
style, usually puberulous or minutely setulose, 2-4 in. long ; gynophore
f-2 in., with the scar of the stamens near the middle. Style variable in
length or stigma subsessile. — G. denliculata, DC. Prod. i. 238. Cleome
acuta, Schum. et Thonu. Guin. PI. 293.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ; Sierra Leone, R Vogel ! Niger, Barter !

North Central. Kouka, E. Yogell Bornou, Oudney.

Nile Ijand. Sennar, Petherick ! Schweinfurth ; Abyssinia, Schimper I and others.

Iiower Guinea. Huilla, Golungo Alto, and Loanda, Lr. Welwitsch I Wawra.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesia, Brs. Kirk and Meller ! Mozambique, Button ! 7-8° S.
lat., Speke and Grant !

Common in waste places, in fields, and about villages. It is used as a pot-herb. A
North African and Indian species, occurring also in the New World, but doubtfully indige-
nous there.

3. THYLACHIUM, Lour.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 107.

Calyx closed at first, dehiscing transversely on expansion, the upper por-
tion falling away. Petals 0. Stamens numerous (40-70), free, inserted
upon a conical or short columnar torus. Ovary on a long gynophore with
4-10 multiovulate placentas, 1-locular or (owing to the development of
spurious dissepiments from the placentas) submultilocular ; stigma sessile,
orbicular. Berry (described as) oblong, many-seeded. — Shrubs or small
trees. Leaves alternate, simple or 3-foliolate ; leaflets entire, panduriforrn or
slightly lobed. Flowers rather large, corymbose.

A small genus confined to E. tropical Africa, Madagascar, and the islands of the E. coast.

1. T. africanum. Lour.; DC. Prod. i. 254. A bush or small tree,
the bark of the extremities often punctate-scabrous. Leaves coriaceous,
glabrous, 3-foliolate or simple ; leaflets obovate oblanceolate or broadly ob-
long or oval, obtuse or scarcely acute, often mucronulate, entire (rarely lobed
when simple), shortly petiolulate, articulated to the smooth or minutelj^ verru-
culose petiole, which is also articulated at its base to the branch ; central
leaflet 2-4 in. long, f-l^ in. broad, the lateral usually considerably shorter.
Flowers usually in few-flowered terminal corymbs or upon §hort axillary-
shoots, about 1 in. diam. Calyx glabrous, turbinate or obovoid and apicu-
-late before expansion ; persistent tube campanulate. Ovary sub-5-locular,
5-10-ridged or -angled, the ovules strictly parietal. Fniit not seen. — T.

Thylachium.'] IX. capparidace^ (oliver). 83

ovalifolium, Juss. in Ann. Mus. xii. 71 {ex DC. 1. c). T. querimbense and
T. verrucosum, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 163-4.

Mozamb. Distr. Shire river, Zambesia, Lr. Kirk ! Querimba, Peters ! M'Gecta

river, 7-8" S. lat., Speke and Grant !

Nearly allied to T. hetercyphyllum, Juss. {T. Sumangui, Boj.), a Madagascar species.

4. M^RUA, Forsk. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. i. 108.

{Niebuhria, DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. 1. c. 107.)

Sepals 4, connate below in a tubular or infundibuliform tube, valvate in
aestivation ; lobes deciduous ; tube more or less persistent. Petals 0 or 4,
inserted in the mouth of the calyx-tube. Disk usually distinct, lining the
calyx-tube, with or without a free toothed fimbriate or nearly entire margin.
Stamens indefinite, inserted upon a columnar torus which usually equals or
slightly exceeds the calyx-tube ; filaments free. Ovary cylindrical linear
oblong or ovoid, on a long gynophore, 1-celled or 2-celled owing to the meet-
ing of the placentary plates ; ovules indefinite, strictly parietal or inserted
upon the spurious dissepiment ; stigma sessile or subsessile. Fruit baccate,
ovoid globose or narrow and torulose, the constrictions of the pericaip some-
times separating it into numerous 1-seeded segments. Seeds (which have
been examined in very feW species) are described as reniform or subreniform ;
cotyledons incumbent, convolute, sometimes fleshy. — Shrubs or small trees
destitute of spines, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves simple or 3-foliolate,
often mth minute setaceous stipules. Flowers axillary solitary or fascicled,
or in terminal racemes or corymbs.

A considerable genus extending from Senegal eastward through Arabia to India; occurring
also at the Cape, in Madagascar, and the Islands of the Indian Ocean.

*Leave8 all^ or many of them, Z-foliolate.
Petals present.
Extremities pubescent. Leaflets elliptical to ovate-lanceolate. Petals

obovate. Fruit globose \. M. tripht/Ua.

Glabrous or pubernlous. Leaflets oval to oblanceolate, acute or obtuse.

Petals obovate or oval 2. M. nervosa.

Glabrous. Leaflets narrow-linear, 1-2 lines broad. Petals obovate,

apiculate ^. M. Grantii.

Petals 0.

Glabrous. Leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acuminate 4. Af, acuminata.

* Leaves simple.

Petals present.
Leaves oblong or linear-oblong, 1^-3 in. Disk margin 0. Petals

oval. Fruit torulose 5. 3/. ohlongifoUa.

Leaves oblong or ovate-elliptical. Petals rotundate. Fruit sub-
globose 6. Af. ctthiofica.

(See M. rigiday var. buxifolia.)
PetaU 0.
Leaves lanceolate, ovate or obovate, 1-2^ in. Ovary not pointed.

Fruit torulose 7- Af. angolensis.

Branches rigid. Leaves small, \-\ in., obovate to linear-oval, scabrid

or smooth. Ovary linear or clavate, not pointed. Fruit torulose 8. Af. rigida.

8J. IX. CAPPARiDACEiE (oliver). [Marua.

liOaves ohovate or oval, small, subretuse. Flowers solitary. Fruit

uot torulose (dru[)accous) 9. ? M. iimjlora.

Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse, 1 in. or more. Ovary nar-
rowed above 10. M. Currori.

1. M, triphylla, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 32; Ic. 7. A slirub or small tree,
the extremiUes shortly pubescent. Leaves firmly membranous, usually 3-
foliolate, the uppermost simple ; leaflets broadly oval ovate-lanceolate or obo-
vate-elliptical, rather acute or obtuse, mucronulate, more or less obtuse at the
base, shortly petiolulate, minutely pubescent at least on the midrib beneath
at first, at length glabrous, the central leaflet 1|~2 in. long in our specimens.
Flowers in corymbose racemes terminating short axillary shoots towards the
extremities of the branches. Calyx tubular-infundibuliform below the free
minutely 4-toothed margin of the disk. Petals obovate or elliptical. Colum-
nar torus equalling or exceeding the calyx-tube. Ovary oblong, 1-locular
at first. Placentas 2, each with 8-12 ovules, a spurious dissepiment at
length nearly dividing the cavity. Fruit globose, 4-6 lines diam., few-seeded,
on a gynophore of about f in.

Nile Iiand. AVhite Nile, Petherick ! Kotschy, and others.

Much resembles M. (Niebuhria) linearis of India, an apetalous species.

2. M. nervosa, Oliv. Shrub or small tree or a climber with slender
drooping branches, glabrous or the extremities puberulous. Leaves rather
coriaceous, usually 3-phyllous ; median leaflet varying from ovate, broadly
oval, oblong-oval to oblanceolate ; apex acute obtuse minutely mucronulate
entire or retuse, obsoletely puberulous at first or glabrous, 1-3 in. long, f- 1
in. broad, lateral leaflets often considerably smaller; shortly petiolulate and
articulated to the petiole. Flowers in terminal or axillary corymbose ra-
cemes, in the latter case sometimes panicled at the end of the branches or
solitary; bracts minute. Petals obovate or elliptical, clawed. Columnar
torus equalling or rather exceeding the infundibuliform calyx-tube, which
is narrowly bordered with the toothed or lobed margin of the disk. Ovary
oblong, 1 -celled ; placentas 2 (or 3), with about 15 ovules on each ; stigma
sessile. Fruit oblong-oval in our only fruiting specimen, 4-5 lines diam.,
on a gynophore of about 1 in. — Niebuhria nervosa, Hochst. in Flora 1844,
289. Streblocarpus pubescens and S. scandens, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb.
Bot. 165.

Mozaxnb. Distr. Zambesia, Dr. Kirk! Dr. Peters! ,(? Zanzibar, Dr. Kirk!)

Grows also at Natal.

Var. ^. flag ell aris. Leaves often 1-foliolate, if 3-foliolate the median much larger ; leaflets
obtuse with a short dtcurved muoro, less veiny. Lake Nyassa and Shire river, Z>;\ Kirk I

In the glabrous scandent form the leatlets are sometimes distinctly marked with looping
veins,

3. M. Grantii, 0/«y. Glabrous, with slender virgate branches. Leaves
3-foliolate or the upper simple ; leaflets narrow-linear, narrowed to the apex,
shortly petiolulate, 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lines broad. Flowers on slender pe-
dicels of about 1 in,, axillary, solitary or a few together. towards the extra-
mities of the branches or of short slender lateral shoots. Calyx tubular
below ; free margin of the disk very short, interrupted. Petals obovate or
elliptical, clawed, shortly apiculate. Columnar torus exceeding or equalling

Marua.] IX. CAPPARIDACEyE (OLIVER). g5

the calyx-tube. Ovnry ovoid or ellipsoidal, 2-locular owin:^ to the mcclin'r
of the placentary plates ; ovules about 6, strictly parietal o^ inserted upon
the spurious dissepiment ; stigma sessile. Fruit not seen.

Mozamb. Distr. 6°-7° S. lat., 38°-39^ E. long., Speke atid Grant !

4. M. acuminata^ Ollv. Extremities slender, glabrous. Leaves 3-
foliolate or the upper simple ; leaflets petiolulate, rather coriaceous, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, often tipped with a rather long slender mucro,
base rounded or obtuse, glabrous ; central leaflet usually larger, 2-3 in.
long, \-\\ in. broad. Petiolules often 2-3 lines. Flowers" in axillary
corymbose racemes towards the ends of the branches. Pedicels slender,
about 1 in. long ; bracts minute, subulate. Calyx-tube tubular below ; free
margin of the disk toothed, very short. Petals 0. Columnar torus e(|ual-
ling or exceeding the calyx-tube. Ovary ellipsoidal or oval, 1-celled, with 2
placentas, each with about 10 ovules in 2 rows ; stigma sessile. Fruit not
seen.

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma river, Dr. Kirk !

5. M. oblongifolia. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 32. A shrub or small tree,
the branches slender, glabrous smooth or minutely scabrid-pubendous. Leaves
simple, rather coriaceous, oblong to narrow linear-obloiig, obtuse or some-
times retuse, often mucronate, glabrous, 1^-3 in. long, 4-9-lines broad. Petiole
1-3 lines. Flowers in terminal racemes or corymbs or terminating short lateral
shoots, the lower flowers in the axils of leaves, the bracts of the upper minute
or obsolete. Calyx-tube tubular, rather shorter than or sometimes exceediiifr
the oval rather acute lobes. Petals narrow-oval, clawed. Free disk-margin 0
or very minute, toothed. Columnar torus exceeding the calyx-tube. Ovary
linear l-celled with 2-multiovulate placentas; stigma sessile. Fruit in-
terrupted or torulose, not exceeding 1 in. in length in our sj)eclmens, on a
gynophore of ^~\\ in. — Eich. Fl. Abyss. Ic. 6. Niebuhria ohloiKj'ifuUa., DC.
Prod. i. 244. M. angustifolia, Rich, in Fl. Seneg. 29. t. 8.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet !

North Central. Kouka, E. Vogel !

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Roth ! "White Nile, Speke and Grant ! Khartoum,

Br own el I !

Very nearly allied to the Indian M. arenaria. Hook. f. et Thorns. {Niebuhria arenaria.
DC. ; Capparis heteroclita^ Roxb.), differing in its rather longer calyx-tubc.

6. M. sethiopica, Oliv. An erect, virgately-branched, glabrci^cciiL
shrub. Leaves subovate-elliptical to oblong, acute or obtuse, mucronate,
glabrous excepting the puberulous midrib on the upper face, the larger 3-4-
in. long. Flowers corymbose, disposed in lax, leafy panicles ; pedicels and
calyx densely puberulous. Segments of the calyx elliptical. Petals shorter,
suborbicular, mucronate, shortly clawed. Stamens 2-23- times longer than
the calyx. Ovary ellipsoidal, at length subglobose, glabrous ; ovules 3 G.
Berry coriaceous, subglobose, obtusely apiculate. Stipes ecjualling or exceed-
ing the pedicel. — Niebuhria ccthiopica, Fenzl in Wicn. Sitzungsb. li. (Kxtr. 4).

Nile Land. Sennar, Kotschj !

I have not seen this plant. The above dcsoription is taken from Dr. Fcnzl's memoir,
entitled 'Diagnoses prajvise Peraptadis Stirp. iEthiop. novaruui.'

86 IX. cAPPARiDACEiE (oliver). [Marua.

7. M. angolensis, DC. Prod. i. 254. A shrub or small tree attaining
20-25 ft. Extremities glabrous or minutely pubescent, with a pale, smooth
or minutely verruculose bark. Leaves simple, rather coriaceous, varying
from lanceolate to ovate or obovate, obtuse retuse or rarely somewhat acute,
usually mucronulate; base rounded obtuse or cuneate, glabrous or rarely
scabrid-puberulous, usually from 1-2^ in. long, ^-l^ in. broad; petioles
■5-I in. Flowers in leafy corymbose racemes, terminating the branches or
short lateral shoots, or solitary and axillary, when corymbose the bracts of the
upper flowers are obsolete or reduced to minute stipular scales. Calyx-tube
tubular, usually varying from about half as long to as long as the lobes.
Corona toothed or fimbriate. Petals 0. Columnar torus equalling or exceed-
ino- the tube. Ovary linear; placentas 2, with indefinite ovules; stigma
sessile. Fruit torulose or moniliform, from 1 or 2 to 6 in. in length, on a
gynophore of l-l^ in. — Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. 13. M. senegalensis. Brown in
Denh. and Clapp. App. 21 ; Eich. in Fl. Seneg. 28. t. 7. M. Jloribunda,
Fenzl in Flora, 1844, 312. M.retusa, Hochst., and M. lucida, Hochst. (ex
Eich.) in Schimp. PI. Abyss.

Upper Guinea. Senegainbia, Heudelot ! Perrottet ! Nupe, on the Niger, Barter I
Nile If and. Abyssinia, Sckfimper !
IiOTver Guinea. Angola, Br. Welimtsch !
Var. Leaves more acute. — Sennar, Kotschy !
Var. Leaves minutely scabrid. — Shire, Dr. Kirk !
Dr. Kirk adds that " the fruit is said to be poison."

Var. heterophylla (Welw.). Leaves varying from broadly elliptical to narrow -linear (5
in. long, 2 lines broad). — Loanda, Br. Welwitsch!

M. angolensis occurs also in south extratropical Africa.

8. M. rigida U. Br. in Denh. and Clapp. App. 21. A shrub or small
tree, attaining (in Central Africa) 20-30 ft., with straight rigid terete
branches, the lateral slender branches often terminating in acute points,
minutely pubescent or glabrous. Leaves small, varying from obovate to
linear-oval, obtuse or retuse and minutely apiculate or in narrow-leaved
forms more or less acute, scabrid-puberulous or glabrous, ^-f in. long, 2-5
lines broad ; petiole -5—2 lines. Flowers axillary, solitary or in fascicles of
2 or 3, or subcorymbose on short lateral shoots ; pedicels equalling or exceed-
ing the leaves. Calyx-tube much shorter than or equalling the elliptical
lobes. Disk-margin fimbriate or obsolete. Petals 0 or minute, many times
shorter than calyx-lobes. Ovary linear ; stigma sessile. Ripe fruit (in the
petaloid Angola plant) torulose, glabrous.

Var. o. Leaves obovate, scabrid; calyx -tube nearly equalling lobes; petals 0; disk fim-
briate.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia {ex Rich.).

North Central. Kouka, E. VogelJ

Var. jS. (virffata,yfe\yr.). Leaves linear-oval ; petals 0; disk-margin obsolete.

Iiower Guinea. Mossamedes, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

Var. 7. {buxifolia, Welw.). Leaves oblanceolate ; petals minute.

Ijower Guinea. Mossamedes, Br. Welwitsch !

9.? M. uniflora, Vahl ; DC. Prod. i. 254. Branches smooth. Leaves
about ^ in. long or less, succulent, cuneate-ovate or oval, somewhat retuse.
Peduncles 1-flowered, solitary, slender, ^ in. long. Calyx 4-fid, glabrous ;

Marua.] ix. capparidace^ (oliver). 87

tube urceolate, 4-gonou8 ; segments oblong, obtuse, ciliate, reflexed. Corolla
0. Corona multifid. Stamens about 30. Ovary cylindrical, glabrous.
Fruit ^ in. diam.

Dr. Schweinfurth states that a tree, entirely agreeing with this description (from Forskal,
ri. iEgypt. Arab. 104), is abundant in the Soturba district of Nubia (Fl. v. Suturba, 13)!
The name, however, is omitted in the enumeration of Nile Land plants appended to his Fl.
Mthioj). He describes the fruit as fleshy and drupaceous, in size and form similar to that
of the Almond. Forskal gathered his plant in Yemen, so that it may be expected on the
western shores of the Red Sea.

10. M. Currori, Hook. /. FL Nigrit. 218. Branches glabrous, punc-
tate. Leaves simple, rather coriaceous, oblong oval-oblong or oblanceo-
Inte, obtuse, mucronate, 1-1-^ in. long, 4-6 lines broad; petioles \-\ in.
Flowers in the axils of the upper leaves or corymbose. " Calyx-tube longer
than the acute lobes. Corona petaloid, sub-2-partite." Ovary ovoid, nar-
rowed above into a short point. Fruit not seen.

Lower Guinea. Elephant's Bay, W. tropical Africa, Curror !

The material is too imperfect for satisfactory description. The character of the free
margin of the disk (corona) must remain uncertain. The form of the ovary, however, distin-
guishes it. In Dr. Welwitsch's Angola Herbarium there is a Mcerua in fruit only, which in
habit and foliage closely resembles the fragment of M. Currori in Herb. Kew ; but the
fruit is cylindrical-torulose, 2-3 in. long, and I can hardly suppose the ovoid ovary of
M. Currori could acquire such a form. Dr. Welwitsch's specimeus therefore probably be-
long to a distinct species.

Mcerua crassifolia, Fenzl (Schweinf. et Asch. Enum.), I do not know. I presume it to
be a mere manuscript name, probably applied to one of Kotschy's Nubian plants.

" M. crassifolia, V." Herb. Schweinfurth, from the shores of tlie Red Sea, I take to be
M. rigida.

5. COURBONIA, A. Brongn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 969.

Sepals 3, sometimes 4 or 2, connate at the base in a very short, cylindrical
or campanulate tube, valvate in aestivation. Disk with a short, toothed, free
margin surrounding the mouth of the calyx-tube. Petals 0. Stamens inde-
finite, inserted upon a columnar torus which equals or exceeds the calyx -tube ;
filaments free, filiform ; anthers ovoid or oblong, shortly apiculate. Ovary
fusiform, on a long, slender gynophore, 2-celled or exceptionally 3-celled,
owing to the meeting of the placentary plates ; ovules 2 on each placenta,
strictly parietal or inserted upon the spurious dissepiment. Fruit (seen only
in one species) globose, coriaceous, indehiscent, 1- or few-seeded ; seeds large,
exalbuminous ; cotyledons very thick, wavy on the inner face ; radicle deeply
included; testa papery, apparently abounding in barred cells. — Shrubs, with
numerous, simple, glabrous, glaucous or glaucescent, entire, shortly petiolate,
more or less coriaceous leaves. Flowers numerous, axillary, of moderate size.
— Fhysanthemum, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 167. t. 29.

Confined to tropical Africa. The genus appears sufiBciently distinct from Mama in its
normally trimerous calyx, in the form of the ovary, which taperg to each end, and in the
seeds.
Leaves ovate or elliptical, obscurely 3-5 -nerved at the base, obtnae or

. rather acute. Petioles 2-3 linea .• . 1- C. dgcumbfm.

Leaves oval or linear-oval, acute, on petioles of 1 line or lew .... 2. C. virgala.

88 IX. cAPPARiDACEiE (oliver). \_Courbonia.

1. C. decumbens, A. Brongn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vii. 901. A
glabrous, glaucous or glaucescent shrub, with long, slender, leafy branches.
Leaves at length coriaceous, ovate or elliptical, obtuse or rather acute, raucro-
nulate, base sometimes subcordate, obscurely 3-5-nerved below, l-H in-
long, about I in (^-1 in.) broad ; petiole 2-4 lines. Flowers solitary, axil-
lary,'about f in. diam. ; pedicels rather shorter than the leaves. Calyx 3-
or rarely 2-partite ; tube very short, campanulate, many times shorter than
the apiculate or acute rather thin lobes. Petals 0. Disk-margin prominent,
sinuate-toothed. Ovary fusiform, 2-ceiled (or exceptionally 3-celled), at least
in the middle by the meeting or actual cohesion of the placentary plates.
Fruit globose, with a coriaceous pericarp, 1-fevv-seeded, f-1 in. diam., on a
gynophofe of about 1 in. Seeds 6-10 lines long, 4-6 lines broad, consisting
of two large fleshy cotyledons, convex on the back, wavy on the inner face,
with a deeply-included radicle ; testa papery. — Phi/santhemum glaucum,
Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 167. t. 29. •

Nile Ijand. Madi, Speke and Grant ! Abyssinia, Courbon.
Mozamb. Distr. Zambesia, Lrs. Feters, Kirk, and Meller !

2. C. virgata, J. Brongn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vii. 901. Perfectly
glabrous and glaucous with virgate leafy branches. Leaves ascending,
narrow- or linear-oval or lanceolate, acute, coriaceous, f -1^ in. long, 2-5 lines
broad, on very short petioles of 1 line or shorter. Flowers numerous, each
in the axil of a leaf which often equals or exceeds the pedicel. Calyx-tube
about one-sixth to one-fourth the length of the acute lobes, which appear to
be normally 3 in nuniber, though they vary with 4. Disk-margin toothed or
lobed. Petals 0. Ovary fusiform, nearly or quite 2-celled ; stigma sessile.
Fruit not seen. — Saheria virgata, Fenzl (Schweinf. Fl. iEthiop. 74.)

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot !

Nile Iiaud. Sennar, Kotschy I Cienkowski; Ahyssiaia, Schimper ; 'NaVm, D'Jrnaud,

Sabatier.

6. CADABA, Forsk. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 108.

Sepals 4, free, in two series ; the outer pair enclosing the inner. Petals 4
or 0, inserted on the torus, unguiculate. Stamens 4 or 5 (in the tropical
species) ; filaments adnate more or less to the gynophore. Appendix spring-
ing from the base of the gynophore and often nearly at right angles to it,
tubular, linguiforra or ligulate, shorter or longer than the sepals. Ovary
upon a long gynophore, 1-celled or 2-ceUed owing to the cohesion of the pla-
centary plates ; stigma sessile or subsessile. Ovules indefinite. Fruit cylin-
drical terete or subtorulose or ellipsoidal, sometimes dehiscing in two valves.
—Shrubs unarmed or the desert species sometimes spinescent. Leaves
simple, entire, glandular scabrid or glabrous. Flowers in terminal corymbs
or racemes or axillary. — Strcemia, Vahl, Symb. i. 19.

A small genus, chiefly confined to Africa, Arabia, India, Madagascar, and the islands of
the Indian Ocean ; one species reaches Austraha. A Cape species, C. (SchepperiaJ juncea,
is nearly or quite aphyllous.

Petals 0. Stamens 5, adnate to base of gynophore. Appendix ligu-
late.

Cadaba^ ix. capparidacej: (oliver). 89

Glabrous. Leaves rotundate, 1-1 ^ in \. C. rotundifoha.

Glandular-pilose or hispid. Leaves rotundate, \~\ in 2. C. glandiilosa.

Petals present, clawed. Stamens 4 or 5, adnate \-\ length of gyno-

phore.
Mealy-puberulous at first. Leaves oblong, obtuse, often small.

Appendix tubular. Stamens 4-5 3. C.farinosa.

Glabrous or extremities minutely mealy. Leaves linear-oblong or

lanceolate. Stamens 4 4. C. longifolia.

Extremities glandular-pilose. Leaves elliptical, scabrid or glabrate.

Appendix tubular-infundibuliform, short. Stamens 5 . . . . 5. C Kirkii.

1. C. rotundifolia^ Forsk. ; DC. Prod. i. 244. Extremities minutely
piibcrulous. Leaves coriaceous, orbicular or rotundate, glabrous, with 1 or
2 pairs of the principal lateral veins from near the base; 1-1^ in. diam. on
petioles of about j-f in. Flowers in terminal racemes. Bracts subulate or
obsolete. Petals 0. Appendix about f in. long, ligulate, lamina elliptical,
obtuse, folded back over its claw in bud. Stamens 5 ; filaments adnate 1-2
lines with the gynophore, which is at length ^-f in. long. Ovary 1-celled,
placentas 2. Fruit linear, dehiscing in 2 valves, about Ij in. long. Seeds
reniform. — Straemia rotundifolia, Vahl, Symb. i. 19,

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Salt ! Roth ! Schimper^ and others ; Nubia, Bromfield !
"Used as a drastic purgative in helminthiasis." — Roth.

2. C. glandulosa^ Forsk. / BC. Prod. i. 244. A much-branched shrub,
glandular-pilose with short, spreading, viscid hairs. Leaves orbicular, ob-
ovate or broadly elliptical, with or without a mucro, more or less shortly
glandular-hispid or sometimes scabrid, usually 3-6 lines in diam., rarely
twice as large. Racemes few-flowered, terminating the branches and lateral
shoots. Petals 0. Appendix |-1 in. long, ligulate, the lamina petaloid,
oblong obtuse or emarginate. Stamens 5, very shortly adnate to the base of
the gynophore. Ovary 2-celled, owing to the cohesion of the placentary
plates. Fruit oblong-ellipsoidal, i in. long or rather less, on a gynophore of
^— f- in. — Stroeinia glandulusa, Vahl, Symb. i. 20.

PTile Ijand. Nubia, Kotschy ! Abyssinia, ^oM / Schimper {ex Rich.); Kordofan, Cien-
koicski ; Soturba, Nubia, Schweinfurth !

Also Arabian. A slightly scabrid or nearly glabrous variety occurs at Aden.

3. C. farinosa, Forsk. ; BC. Prod. i. 244. A shrub or occasionally arbo-
rescent, often densely branched, the extremities terete, and more or less
hoary-mealy. Leaves coriaceous in the desert forms, oblong oval -oblong or
varying from lanceolate to oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, emarginate or rarely
somewhat mucronulateand acute, pale glaucous-green or whitish and mealy at
first, at length glabrate, ^-2 in. long, -^-1 in. broad, in desert forms some-
times very small and fascicled ; petiole about 1 line, rarely 3-4 lines.
Flowers in short terminal racemes, or terminating short lateral branches.
Bracts reduced to minute scales or obsolete, except the lowest, which is some-
times leafy. Petals 4, linear or narrow-oval clawed, exceeding or equalling
the sepals. Appendix tubular, obliquely open, and often toothed at the
extremity, shorter than or nearly equalling the sepals. Stamens 4-5 ; fila-
ments adnate \-\ way up the gynophore. Ovary cylindrical, 1-locular, with
2 placentas. Stigma sessile. Fruit patent, subterete or slightly torulose,
1-2 in. long, on a gynophore of ^-f in. or rather more. Seeds reniform-

$0 IX. CAPPARIDACE^ (oliyer). [Cadaha.

rotundate, compressed. — Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. 8 (drawn with 6 stamens). Stroe-
mia farinosa^ Vahl, Symb. i. 20. Cadaba dubia, DC. Prod. i. 244. Strehlo-
carpus Fenzlii, Pari, in Webb, Frag. PI. ^thiop. 24.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Heudelot ! Perrottet !
North Central. Bornou, Oudney ; Kouka, E. Vogel I

Nile Land. Madi, Speke and Grant ! Abyssiuia, Schimper ! and others ; Sennar
and Kordofan, Kotschy ! near Khartoum, Heuglin.
Extends through Arabia to N.W. India.

4. C. lon^folia, DC. Prod. i. 244. A glabrous shrub or the extremi-
ties minutely mealy. Leaves rather coriaceous, linear oblong or lanceolate
or elongate-oval, rather obtuse or subacute, often mucronulate, veiny when
dry, usually from 1-2|- in. long, 3-6 lines broad ; petiole 2-3 lines. Flowers
in short terminal corymbs ; bracts reduced to minute scales. Petals narrow-
oval or lanceolate, with long claws, rather exceeding the sepals. Appendix
linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, about as long as the sepals, open on the
side towards the gynophore. Stamens 4 ; filaments adnate, halfway up the
gynophore or higher. Ovary minutely glandular, 2-locular, at least partially.
— Eich. Fl. Abyss. Ic. 5. Siroemia longifolia, Br. in Salt's Abyss. App.

Nile Zjand. Abyssinia, Salt ! Petit (ex JRich.J, Plowden 1
Also at Aden.

5. C. Kirkii, Oliv. Extremities of the branches shortly glandular-
pilose, puberulous or glabrate below. Leaves rather coriaceous, elliptical
ovate- or obovate-elliptical, obtuse, usually mucronate, minutely hispid-
scabrid, at length nearly glabrous, usually from 1-2 in. lono^, \-\\ in. broad,
on petioles of 3-5 lines. Flowers numerous, in rather dense terminal ra-
cemes or sometimes corymbose. Bracts linear-subulate. Pedicels densely
glandular-pilose. Petals linear-oval on long elaws, exceeding the sepals.
Appendix tubular-infundibuliform, shorter than the sepals. Stamens 5,
adnate nearly half the length of the gynophore. Ovary 1-celled, with 2
multiovulate placentas.

Mosamb. Distr. Lake Nyassa and Shire valley, Dr. Kirk !

7. EUADENIA, Oliv. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 969.

Sepals 4, open in aestivation. Petals 4, linear-spathulate, lanceolate,
plane (or ovate-lanceolate, undulate and crisped), narrowed below into a
long claw, 2 very much larger. Stamens 5-7 ; filaments fiee or very shortly
connate around the base of the gynophore (or adnate to above its middle) ;
anthers linear-oblong. Staminodia 0-2. Appendix at the base of the
gynophore narrow-linear, plane or channelled, terminating in about 5 minute,
spherical knobs (or divided above into as many narrow segments, each bear-
ing a small oblong appendage). Ovary linear-oval or (ovoid) glabrous, (1-
celled or) 2-celled, with a spurious dissepiment ; ovules indefinite, parietal ;
gynophore equalling the appendix (or many times longer). Stigma sessile,
truncate, emarginate or subpeltate, depressed in the centre. (Fruit only seen
in E. ? Kirkiiy in which it is nearly globose and about 4 in. diam. above,
and abruptly narrowed into the subcylindrical lower half. Seeds rather large.

Euadenia.'] IX. capparidace^ (oliver). 91

indefinite, imbedded in pulp.) — Glabrous, unarmed shrubs. Leaves trifolio-
late. Flowers in terminal corymbs or racemes.

Allied in habit and ia the calyx to Cratcera, from which the appendix of the torus and
the number of stamens distinguish it. These characters ally it, on the other hand, to
Cadaba, but the calyx is very different. The genus is based upon the West African species,
of which I have unfortunately not seen ripe fruit. The bracketed characters apply to E. ?
Kirkii.

Larger petals oval- or linear-spathulate. Stamens inserted upon the
torus or very shortly adherent to the base of the gynophore. Ovary
2-celled 1. ^. trifolioJaia.

Larger petals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, crisped. Stamens adnate

about two-thirds the length of the gynophore. Ovary l-celled . . 2. £". ? Kirkii.

1. E. trifoliolata, Oliv. A leafy, glabrous shrub of 6-8 ft. or some-
times attaining 30 ft. Leaves 3-foliolate, on petioles often 6 in. long or
longer; leaflets membranous elliptical, the central one narrowed below, the
lateral more or less ovate-elliptical and oblique at the base, 3-6 in. long, 1-2^
in. broad, petiolulate. Flowers in terminal racemes. Bracts subulate, early
deciduous. Sepals lanceolate, rather unequal. Larger petals oval- or linear-
spathulate, l-|--3 in. long, green at first. Fertile stamens .5 ; sterile 0 or 2.
Ovary linear-oval, glabrous. The most advanced fruit which I have seen is
about ly in. long, on stipes of 1 in. — Strcentia trifoUata, Schum. et Thonn.
Guin. PI. 114.

Upper Guinea. Forests, Abbeokuta, 5ar^<?r / Guinea, T^wwiw^. Camaroons moun-
tain (3000 ft) and Old Calabar river, Mann !

There is a leafless specimen in Herb. Kew from the Bagroo river (Mann), which may
belong to another species allied to the above. The flowers are in a short subumbellate ra-
ceme, on long, spreadiug or ascending pedicels, the larger petals about 3 in.

2. E. ? Kirkii, Oliv. A bush or small tree, sometimes attaining 18
ft. Leaves 3-foliolate, glabrous; leaflets oval, attenuated to each end.
Flowers pale yellowish yellow-green or nearly white, in loose corymbs. Two
larger petals ovate-lanceolate or oval, undulate and crisped on the margin,
tapering above and below, with a distinct midrib. Appendix diverging from
the base of the gynophore, equalling or exceeding the sepals, apparently
divided above into 5 filiform segments, each bearing an oblong appendage.
Gynophore nearly twice as long as the larger petals, with the 7 filaments ad-
herent about two-thirds of its length. Ovary ovoid, l-celled, with indefinite
ovules in 2 multiovulate placentas. Fruit with a coriaceous pericarp ; the
upper part somewhat globose, too abruptly narrowed below to be pyriform,
many-seeded ; seeds i-y in. diam., globose-reniform, variously compressed.
Cotyledons large, fleshy, curved, radicle very short.

Mozamb. Distr. Lupata, Br. Kirk.

No specimens appear to have reached home, excepting.of the fruit. The general descrip-
tion is from a drawing and the notes of Dr. Kirk. It differs from the western species in the
adhesion of the filaments to about two-thirds of the length of the ijyriophore, in the 1 -celled
ovary, and ])robably in the fruit, judging from the indication afforded by a very vounK fruit
of E. trifoliolata in the Kew herbarium. It may prove the type of a nesv genus, though
1 think it would be premature to separate it at present.

8. BOSCIA, Lam.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 108.
Sepals 4, free to the base or very nearly so, valvate ia aestivation, deci-

92 TX. CAPPARiDACE-a: (olivee). [Bosciu.

duous. Petals 0. Disk forming an entire or fimbriate ring at tlie base of
the calyx. Stamens 6-20, free, inserted upon the torus or at the base of
the short gynophore (in the tropical African species). Ovary ovoid or obpy-
riform, narrowed into a vei-y short thick style, 1-celled with 2 (or I) pla-
centas and few ovules. Fruit crustaceous, globose, shortly stipitate or sub-
sessile, 1- or few-seeded. Embryo more or less convolute, the cotyledons
contortuplicate in the few specimens examined. — Shrubs or small trees, gla-
brous or minutely pubescent or scabrid. Leaves simple, entire, coriaceous.
Flowers small racemose or fascicled, sometimes collected in terminal pa-
nicles.

A small Africaji genus closely allied to Mcerua, from which it may generally be distin-
guished by the free or nearly free sepals and the ovary narrowed above into a very short
style. Boscia Caffra, Sond., of the Cape is a Marua {Niebuhria).

Leaves oblong-elliptical obtuse or rather acute, 2-5 in. Flowers ra-
cemose or subumbellate, in terminal panicles. Stamens 8-20 . . \. B. senegalensis.

Leaves oblong or oval, acute or obtuse, 1-2 in. Flowers racemose or

corymbose, axillary or terminal. Stamens 6-9 2. B. angustifolia.

Leaves elongate-linear or -lanceolate, usually acute, 2-5 in. Flowers

in axillary racemes. Stamens 9-14 %. B. salicifolia.

Leaves oblong-elliptical, scabrous, 2-5 in. Flowers in erect terminal

racemes. Stamens 14-20 5. ^. urens.

Leaves small, fascicled, obovate-oblong, 8-6 lines. Flowers fasciculate.

Stamens 6 4. 5. microphylla.

1. B. senegalensis. Lam. ; DC. Prod. i. 244. A shmb or small tree.
Branches gliibrous or minutely pubescent at first. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-
elliptical or broadly oval, obtuse or rather acute, reticulate, glabrous or very
shortly pubescent and soft to the touch beneath, the principal lateral veins
more or less distinctly looped; 2-5 in. long, 1-ly in. broad. Petiole about
3 lines. Flowers racemose or subumbellate, collected into small terminal
panicles. Stamens 8-20, inserted within the thickened disk at the base of
the gynophore which is about 1-^ lines in length. Fruit globose, 4-6 lines
diam., 1-3-seeded, glabrous or pubescent-tomentose. — B. octandra, Hochst.
in Kotschy, PI. Nub.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrotiet !

North Central. Kouka, E. Vogell

Nile Land. Nubia, Kotschy ! Kordofan, Sennar, Cienkowski.

2. B. angustifolia, Rich, in Fl. Seneg. 26. t. vi. {non Harvey). A
tree or shrub with glabrous branches. Leaves coriaceous, oblong oval linear-
oval or varying from obovate to lanceolate, obtuse retuse or acute, usually
mucronate, more or less narrowed to the base, minutely or obsoletely reticu-
late and glabrous or very minutely pubescent beneath, often in fascicles of
2-4, from nodes on the branches of a previous year, 1-2^ in. long or more.
Petioles 1|— 3 lines. Flowers greenish, fragrant, corymbose or racemose,
axillary and lateral or collected in short terminal panicles ; bracts subulate
or filiform. Stamens 6-20 or more, inserted within the fimbriate or thickened
cushion-like disk at the base of the short gynophore. Ovary ovoid, 1-celled,
with 2 placentas; ovules few. Fruit globose, 3-6 lines diam., glabrous or
minutely pubescent, pitted or rugulose, 1-few-seeded, sometimes nearly ses-
sile. Embryo convolute with contortuplicate cotyledons. — B. senegalensis ?

Boscia.'] IX. CAPPARIDACE^ (OLIVEU). 93

and B. reticulata, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. B. intermedia, Iloclist.
(ex llich.). B. Mossambicensis, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. IGi.

Upper Guinea. Seuegambia ! Niger, Barter !

Nile Land. Xhy^suna, Schimper ! and others ; Kordofan, A'y/jcAy / Cienkowski.

Lower Guinea. Bumba, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Mozaxub. Distr. Zanibesia, Dr. Kirk !

This plant may prove a variety of B. senegalensis. B. angustifolia, Ilarv. Fl. Cap. i. 19.'
Thes. Cap. t. 134, does not belong to the genns. The specimens from Abyssinia and the
Niger have smaller flowers and fewer stamens than the rest.

3. B. salicifolia, Oliv. A shrub, sometimes arborescent. Branches
glabrous or the extremities pubemlous. Leaves elongate, linear linear-oval
or -lanceolate, acuminate acute or sometimes obtuse, minutely puberulous or
scabrid at first, glabrous at length or still rough to the touch on the upper
surface, usually 2-5 in. long, 5-9 lines broad. Petiole 3-6 lines. Flowers
racemose, racemes axillary, \-\ the length of the leaves or upon short lateral
shoots, glabrous or pubescent Pedicels 1 or 2-6 lines ; bracteoles minute,
subulate, early deciduous. Sepals reflexed. Stamens 6-14, inserted within
the annular disk. Ovary ovoid or obpyriform, narrowed into a very short
style, 1-celled with 2 placentas; gynophore \-\\ lines. Fruit not seen,
probably 1-seeded.

Nile Ijand. Madi, White Nile, ^eke and Grant !

Lower Guinea. Mossaraedes, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch ! (a form with leaves 1-1 J in.
long).

Mozanxb. Distr. Shire river. Dr. Kirk !

In the specimen from Madi the flowers appear to expand- as soon as or before the leaves,
and the pedicels are longer, but I do not find any sufficient ground for specific distinction.
Dr. Kirk states that the knotty root is boiled and eaten on the Shire. Can this be the
doubtful Capparidea with the habit of a Pine, figured and referred to by Schweinfurth (PI.
Nilot. 18. tt. 6 and 14) ?

4. B. xnicrophylla, Oliv. A glabrous shrub or small tree, often with
spinose branches. Branches terete. Leaves small, fasciculate or scattered
on the young shoots, coriaceous, oblong-obovate or oblanceolate or nearly
linear, obtuse, mucronulate, venation indistinct, 3-8 lines long, on petioles
of half a line, more or less. Flowers numerous, in lateral fascicles or um-
bellate racemes, equalling or but little exceeding the leaves, nearly glabrous
or the pedicels pubescent. Stamens about 4-6, inserted at the base of the
gynophore. Ovary globose-ovoid with a short thick style; placentas 2.
Stigma obtuse. Fruit not seen.

Iiosrer Guinea. Bumbo, Angola, Dr. Welmt.tck !

South Central. S.W. tropical Africa, about lat. 23°, Chapman and Baines !

5. B. urens JFelw. mss. Extremities pubescent. Leaves coriaceous,
oblong-elliptical, obtuse, often mucronulate, sometimes rather pointed ; base
rounded or cuneate, scabrous or rugose-scabrous above, shortly hirsute-
pubescent beneath, in the rugose forms with prominent midrib and lateral
veins below, at length 2-4| in. long, ^1| in. broad. Flowers in erect,
more or less elongate terminal racemes, often several inches in length ; bracts
minute, subulate. Pedicels spreading or ascending, |-^ in. Calyx-lobes
ovate, hairy externally with a broad annular disk at base. Stamens 14-20.

94 IX. CAPPARiDACE^ (oLiVEii). [Boscia.

Grynophore about } in. Ovary ellipsoidal or ovoid, very shortly and obtusely
pointed, the outer layer (epiearp) as it enlarges into the globose (|— f in.
diam.) fruit, becoming resolved into a compact pile of pungent flattened setae.

IiOTvrer Guinea. Loanda, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

There is at Kew a specimen from Richard's Herbarium, communicated by Count Franque-
ville, named Boscia pubens^ Rich. It is in fruit only, so that I cannot be sure of the genus.
It resembles B. angustifolia in habit. The leaves are lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, about
2i in. in length. It was collected in Abyssinia by Dillon and Petit.

9. CAPPAKIS, Linn;; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. i. 108.

Sepals 4 (very rarely 5), free or connate at the base (or united and split-
ting irregularly in some species not tropical African), equal or the two outer
broader and more concave or the two inner petaloid, imbricate or valyate, or
in two series, the outer pair valvate in aestivation. Petals 4. Stamens in-
definite (8-co), inserted upon the torus. Filaments free. Ovary upon a
gynophore usually from i-2 in. in length, 1-celled or sometimes few-celled,
with 2 or more parietal placentas ; ovules usually indefinite ; stigma sessile.
Fruit stipitate with one or many seeds, indehiscent or sometimes separating
into 3 or 4 valves. — Trees or shrubs, often climbing or sometimes prostrate,
unarmed or with short, often recurved, stipular spines. Leaves simple, coria-
ceous or submembranous, rarely wanting. Plowers usually hermaphrodite,
solitary, racemose, corymbose or umbellate, axillary or terminal.

A large genus widely spread through the tropics and warmer regions both of the New and
Old World. The nine or ten principal subdivisions of the genus are principally based upon
differences in the sepals. ■ Three of these subgenera are represented in tropical Africa.
Several peculiar species grow at the Cape. Of the tropical African species four at least are
common to India, but none to America.

A. Sepals equal or nearly equal in length, the two outer sometimes
broader or more deeply concave.

*ETtremities usually armed with short stipular spines.

Leafless, at least the flowering branches. Flowers in fascicles or

corymbs. Anterior sepal saccate. (Sect. Sodada.) . . . . 1. C. aphylla.

(Sect. JEucapparis.)

Trailing. Leaves rotundate. Flowers large, axillary, solitary . . 2. C. spinosa.

Trailing. Leaves ovate to rotundate with curved mucro. Flowers

large, axillary, solitary. Anterior sepal galeate 3. C. galeata.

Leaves elliptical or ovate-oblong. Flowers axillary solitary or in
terminal corymbs. Sepals usually tomentose or pubescent ex-
ternally ; Btigma much narrower than the ovary. 4. C tomentosa.

Leaves ovate or eUiptical, not acuminate, usually pubescent, coria-
ceous. Flowers in lateral or terminal corymbs or umbels. Se-
pals glabrous externally ; stigma minute ■ . . . 5. C. corymlosa.

Leaves membranous, ovate, acuminate, glabrate. Flowers axillary,

1-3 6. C. viminea.

Leaves oblong-elliptical, shining above. Flowers in pedunculate
umbellate or corymbose axillary and terminal racemes; stigma
nearly as broad as the ovary. (Flowers sometimes staminate
only) 7. (7. Tkonningii.

Capparis.] IX. capparidace^ (oliver). 95

Leaves ovate-oblonar. Flowers in axillary sessile or subsessile fasci-
cles of 4-6. Pedicels and calyx pilose -tomeDtose 8, C Rothii.

Glaucescent. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, emarginate. Flowers

small, subcorymbose 9. C. micrantha.

^Extremities usually destitute of stipular spines.

Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate with a reflexed macro. Flowers in

axillary or terminal corymbs or racemes. Fruit oval-oblong . . 10. C. ? refiexa.

Leaves 3-4 in., obovate or obovate-obloug, on very short petioles,

scabrid above. Flowers in terminal umbels. Petals short . .11. C. Kirkii.
B. Two outer sepals much shorter than the two inner (which are peta-
loid) after expansion. Flowers axillary, solitary. Ovary angular
or winged. Usually with stipular spines. (Sect. Petersia.)

Leaves elliptical obtuse or acuminate. Outer sepals enclosing the
bud, about half as long as the inner after expansion. Ovary
glabrous 12. C. erytArocaipa.

Leaves elliptical, obtuse. Outer sepals spreading before expansion
of the bud, about one-third or a quarter as long, as the inner
after expansion. Ovary tomentose 1 3. C. rosea.

1. C. aphylla. Roth, Nov. PL Sp. 238. A much-branched, glabrous
tree or shrub. Branches terete, leafless, exceptinoj in young plants and on
barren shoots, usually with short, nearly straight or ascending, stipular
spines. Leaves, when present, linear or linear-lanceolate. Flowers about I
in. diam., in lateral and terminal fascicles or corymbose racemes. Pedicels
\ in. or shorter. Sepals unequal in breadth ; the anterior outer sepal larger
and deeply saccate, but slightly imbricate or subvalvate (at least the 2 outer)
in Eestivation. Ovary on a gynophore of \-^ in. Style about half as long
as the ovary. Fruit ovoid, pointed or subglobose, several- or many-seeded.
— C. Sodada, Brown in Denham and Clap p. App. 20. Sodada dtcidua^
Forsk. Fl. iEgypt. 81 ; Delile, Fl. ^Egypt. t. 26.

North Central. Bornou, Oudney {Brown).

Nile I«and. Nubia, Schweinfurth I Abyssinia, Schimper ! Seuuar.

Extends eastward through Arabia to India.

2. C, spinosa Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 245. A glabrous or more or less
tomentose, trailing shrub ; the extremities usually puberulous or tomentose,
armed with recurved or nearly straight, stipular spines. Leaves coriaceous,
rotundate or from broadly obovate to broadly ovate, retuse or entire, raucro-
nate, pale green or glaucescent, j-l^ in. diam. ; petiole 1-2 lines. Flowers
large, 1-3 in. across, axillary, solitary or forming loose, unilateral, leafy
racemes. Peduncles equalling or exceeding the subtending leaf. Sepals
subequal in length, the two outer deeply concave or the anterior more deeply
saccate. Petals white, exceeding the sepals. Fruit oval-oblong or clavate,
on a strong gynophore of 1^ in., separating at length into 3 or 4 valves.
—a (Sffi/piia, Lam. Diet. i. 605 ; Delile, Fl. iEgypt. t. 31. f. 3.

Nile laand. Kordofan, Kotschy I

Spreading through the Mediterranean region and Egypt, it extends eastward to Western
India. For extended synonymy see Anderson in Linn. Soc. Joum. v. Suppl. i. 5, and
Hook. f. et Thorns. Fl. Indica {ined.). The buds are pickled as " capers."

3. C. galeata, lE^resen. in Mm. Senck. ii. 111. A glaucous, leafy, dif-

96 IX. CAPPARiDACE^ (oliver). [Cappaiis,

fuse shrub ; extremities pulverulent. Leaves tbick and cartilaginous, ovale
to rotundate, tipped with a more or less curved or hooked niucro, 1-3 in.
long, |-2 in. broad. Stipules spinose. Flowers solitary, axillary ; peduncles
stout, recurved in fruit. Sepals 4, the larger galeate. Petals roundish.
Fruit baccate, clavate-pyriform, 3-4 in. long, on a stipes of about l|-2 in.
Seeds reniform.

For synonyms (C. cartilaginea^ Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. iii. 273, etc.) see An-
derson in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Snppl. i. 5.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimjier ; Nubia, Schweinfurth !

Also in Egypt, Arabia, and Western India.

Very nearly allied to C. spinosa, as remarked by Dr. Anderson.

4. 0« tomexxtosa. Lam. ; DC. Prod. i. 246. A pubescent, tomentose
or sometimes glabrous shrub ; the branches usually armed with recurved,
stipular spines. Leaves elliptical or ovate-elliptical or ovate-oblong, obtuse
or subacute, pubescent or glabrous or pubescent-scabrid above, 1-3 in. long,
|— 1|- in. broad ; petioles 2-5 lines. Flowers either axillary and solitary or
collected into terminal corymbs or racemes, the lower usually in the axils of
leaves, the upper with linear bracts. Sepals subequal, rotundate, concave,
more or less tomentose externally, sometimes glabrescent. Petals exceeding
the sepals. Stamens indefinite. Ovary ovoid, usually glabrous, very shortly
or scarcely pointed ; stigma sessile or subsessile, much narrower than the
ovary ; gynophore 1-1^ in. long. Fruit not seen. — C. puberula, DC. Prod.
i. 248. C. polymorpha, Eich. in Fl. Seneg. 24. t. 5. C. persicafolia^ Rich.
Fl. Abyss, i. 31.

Var. o. Leaves pubescent. Flowers axillary.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Sieber ! PerroUet !
North Central, ^oxxkdi, E. Fogel !

Var. jS. Leaves pubescent. Flowers in terminal corymbs, on pedicels of \-\\ in. (con-
nected by intermediates with var. o. Scarcely distinct from C. grandis, Linn, f., of India).
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Eeudelot ! Brunner !
Nile Land. Abyssinia {Rich.) ; White Nile, Speke and Grant !
l^o-wer Guinea. Angola, Br. Welwitsch !
South Central. Lake Ngami, M'Cabe !

Var. y. Leaves glabrous or glabrescent. Flowers in terminal corymbs.
Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! and others.

Var. 5. Leaves larger, at length shining above, minutely pubescent beneath.
Upper Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Mann ! This form much resembles the yet
more glabrous C. Roxburghii^ DC, of India.

5. C, corymbosa. Lam. ; DC. Prod. i. 247. Shrub. Branches with
short, recurved, acute, stipular spines, usually shortly and softly pubescent, at
least at first. Leaves ovate ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, eraarginate
or obtuse, sometimes mucronulate, obtuse rounded or slightly cordate at the
base, shortly pubescent or glabrate, |— ly in. long, 5-9 lines broad ; petiole
1-2 lines. Flowers in lateral or terminal, sessile or shortly pedunculate
fascicles of 4-6, of one or two lower flowers axillary, solitary; pedicels
about \ in. Calyx nearly glabrous externally. Sepals elliptical, concave,
equal. Petals rather exceeding the sepals, narrowed to the base, pilose below,
especially on the inner surface. Ovary ovoid, usually rather oblique, pointed

Capparis.] IX. cappauidace^ (oliver). 97

with a minute stigma, 1-celled, with 2 placentas ; on a gynophore of about
I in. — C.fuscicularis, DC. Prod. i. 248 (C. Braasii, DC. L c. apparently the
same, but the specimen very indifferent).

Upper Guinea. Scnegambia, Perrottet ! Cape Coast !
North Central. Boriiu, E. Yogel !

Nile Iiand. Scnnar, Koischy ! Abyssinia, Ferret and Galinier.
Var. suhylahra. Loanda, Br. Welwitsch !

Scarcely specifically distinct from C. srpiaria, Linn. The flowers are rather larj^cr than
in that species. I have not had the opportunity of comparing the fruit.

6. C. viminea^ Hook.f. and Thorns. Fl. hid. (ined.) A slender shrub,

with finely striate, g:labrous or glabrate, leafy ramuli. Stipular spines very
short, recurved. Leaves membranous, ovate-elliptical or ovate, acute or acu-
minate or the apex sometimes obtuse, rounded at the base, glabrous or obso-
Ictely pubescent at first, 2-4 in. long, 1-2" in. broad ; petiole 1-2 lines.
Flowers axillary, in fascicles of 1-3; pedicels slender, ^-1 in. Buds
glabrous. Two outer sepals nearly equalling the bud at expansion, one
more or less deeply concave below. Petals tomentose externally. Ovary
ovoid, pointed, glabrous. Fruit not seen (globose, " size of small chen-y "
in the Indian plant).

Lower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !
Occurs also in the Eastern Himalaya and at Tenasserim.

7. C. Thonningii^ Schum. in Schum. et Thonn. Guin. PI. 236. ^
shrub. Extremities minutely pubescent or glabrate. Stipular spines very
short recurved acute. Leaves firmly membranous, oblong-elliptical or ob-
long-lanceolate, rather obtuse or emarginate, glabrous and shining above,
puberulous or glabrate beneath. If- 2^ in. long, f-l^ in. broad; petiole
about 2 lines. Flowers white, fragrant, in pedunculate umbels or corymbose
axillary and terminal racemes, sometimes panicled towards the ends of the
branches. Peduncles :^-2 in. ; pedicels ^| in. Sepals concave, free, equal.
Petals about equalling the sepals. Ovary ovoid or ellipsoidal, on a gyno-
phore of 2-3 lines ; stigma sessile, as broad or nearly as broad as the ovary.
Fruit globose, orange-coloured, about \ in. diam. or rather less, on a shoit
stipes ; several-seeded. — C. linearifoUa, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 217.

Upper Guinea. Abbeokuta, Irving I Niger, Barter ! Guinea, Thonning.

Dr. Thomson points out that this species is very nearly allied to C. floribunda, Wt., an
Indian species, which dift'ers in wanting the very broad stigma. The h.nne character distiu-
guishes it from C. sepiaria, Linn., a common Indian species, to which it is also allied.

8. C. Rothii, Oliv. Shrnb. Extremities at first puberulous, with very
short, recurved prickles. Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or emar-
ginate, mucronulate, loosely pilose beneath at first with a deciduous tomen-
tum, at length glabrous, about 1| in. long, 7-8 lines broad in our specimen ;
pedicels 2-3 lines. Flowers in axillary sessile fascicles of 4-6. Pedicels
about \ in. long, with the calyx more or less pilose-tomentose with reddish
hairs. Sepals nearly equal. Stamens about 20. Ovaryovoid or ellipsoidal,
shortly and obtusely pointed.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Br. Roth ! • n •

The deciduous, reddish tomentum of the pedicels and sepals recalls C chrgxomcja, lioj.
{C. solcDioidcs, Boj. mss.), of Madagascar.

VOL. I. ■

98 IX. CAPPARIDACE^ (oliver). [Capparis.

9. C. micrantha, Jlich. Fl. Abyss, i. 31. Glaucescent. Leaves elon-
gate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse and emarginate, base obtuse ; short petiole
and under surface puberulous, 2 in. long, ^-| in. broad. Stipular spines
recurved. Flowers small, 3-5, subcorymbose, pedunculate, terminating
pilose branchlets. Sepals deeply concave, glabrous.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Dillon; Bahr-el-Abiad {Schweinf. et Jsch. Enum.).
Copied from Richard.

10. C. re^eiUL? Schum.et Thonn. Gnin. PL 2S1. An unarmed, much-
branched shrub, with punctate-scabrid bark. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late, veiny, glabrous, with a reflexed mucro. Petiole short. Flowers in
axillary or terminal corymbose racemes ; pedicels thickened upwards, 1 in.
or rather longer. Bracts small, caducous. Calyx 4-partite. Petals twice
as long aa the calyx, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Ovary oblong, on a gyno-
phore about as long as the filaments. Stigma subca'pitate, sessile. Fruit
oval-oblong, 1^ in. long, obtuse, terete, smooth (not torulose), glabrous.

Il^per Quinea. On the coast region, here and there, S. and T.
This plant is known to me only from the description of the above authors. Can it be a
Mama ?

11. C, Kirkiiy Oliv. A leafy shrub of about 8 ft. in height. Extre-
mities minutely pubescent-scabrid, unarmed. Leaves coriaceous, rather large
and often crowded on the branches, obovate-oblong or varying from obovate
to oblanceolate ; apex rounded obtuse or sometimes subacute, mucronate,
usually narrowed to the obtuse or subeordate base, scabrous above, strongly
reticulate with a prominent midrib and very shortly pubescent beneath, 3-4
in. long, 1-2 in. broad above the middle ; petiole about 1 line. Flowers
numerous in terminal umbels or umbellate corymbs. Pedicels shortly pilose,
about 1 in. long. Sepals subequal, obovate obtuse, united at the base into a
very short tube. Petals obovate-elliptical, sessile, rather shorter than the
sepals. Stamens indefinite. Ovaiy narrowed below into the gynophore of
about 1 inch, very shortly and obtusely pointed, 1-celled. Young fruit sub-
globose.

Moxamb. Distr. By Lake Nyassa and Upper Shire river (1500 ft.), Dr. Kirk !
A remarkable plant and very distinct from any other tropical African species. The sepals
appear to be imbricate in aestivation, but I have not had good buds to examine.

12. C. erythrocarpa, iser^; Z>C. Profl?. i. 246. A climber. Branches
terete, pubescent or glabrous, with, small, recurved, stipular spines. Leaves
elliptical, obtuse, minutely emarginate or sometimes acute or shortly acumi-
nate, glabrous or pilose-tomentose or pubescent, at length glabrate, firmly
membranous or at length somewhat coriaceous, 1^-3 in. long, f-1^ in. broad ;
petiole 1-3 lines. Flowers usually axillary, solitary, about 2 in. across, on
peduncles of \-^ in. Two outer sepals concave, valvate, in aestivation en-
closing the bud ; inner sepals resembling the petals, about twice as long as
the outer after expansion, oval-oblong or oblanceolate, about 1 in. in length.
Petals more or less pilose-tomentose. Ovary ovoid or lanceolate-ovoid, gla-
brous or nearly so, with about 6-8 strong, somewhat winged, longitudinal
ridges, 1-locular, on a gynophore of about 1 in. Stigma broad, sessile or
subsessile, truncate. Fruit hexagonal, scarlet, about the size of a walnut. —
a Afzelii, DC. Prod. i. 246.

Capparis.] IX. CAPPAKIDACEiE (OLlVER). 99

Upper Guinea. Gmnea, TAonninff ; Accra, T. Vogel ! Sierra Leouc, ^/z^/iW / Gam-
bia, Whitfield!

Nile Ijand. White Nile, Murie !

Ijower Ooinea. Angola, various provinces, Dr. Weltoitach I Congo, Smith !

13. C. rosea, OUv. Extremities pilose-tomentose at length glabrate,
with very short, rather recurved, stipular spines. Leaves elliptical, obtuse,
raucronulate, pubescent or sparsely tomentose at first, at length glabrate and
rather coriaceous, 1-1^ in. long or less, 5-7 lines broad; petiole 1-2 lines.
Flowers axillary, solitary, 1-1^ in. across, on peduncles of \-\ in. Sepals
concave, tomentose externally, spreading or recurved, and much shorter than
the bud before expansion. Inner sepals petaloid, 3-4 times longer than the
outer sepals. Stamens indefinite. Ovary oblong-ovoid, with about 8 strong
longitudinal ridges, tomentose. Stigma sessile, truncate, nearly as broad as
the ovary. Pruit ellipsoidal, strongly ridged, very shortly narrowed at each
end, on a stipes of 1 in. — Petersia rosea, Kl. in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 168.
t. 30.

Moxamb. Distr. By Lake Nyassa and Zambesi, Dr. Kirk ! Rios de Sena, Peters !

10. CRATJEVA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 110.

Calyx 4-partite ; lobes distinct from the base and open in aestivation in the
African species. Petals 4, elliptical or ovate, penniveined, with a long claw.
Stamens usually 16-20, inserted on the more or less dilated torus ; filaments
free, filiform. Ovary ovoid or globose on a long gynophore, 1 -celled with 2
niultiovulate placentas or 2-celled owing to the cohesion more or less of the
placentas. Stigma sessile. Fruit globose or ovoid with a coriaceous rind.
Seeds indefinite, reniform ; testa coriaceous ; radicle conical, incumbent. —
Trees or shmbs. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers corymbose, shovvy.

A small genus, occurring in tropical countries of both hemispheres. But one specie*
occurs in tropical Africa. There are one or two peculiar species in Madagascar.

1. C. religiosa, Furst.; DC. Prod. i. 243. A tree attaining about 20
ft. Branches glabrous, smooth or slightly verrucose. Leaves 3-foliolat€,
usually not developed at the time of flowering. Leaflets membnmous, acu-
minate, entire, glabrous, petiolulate, articulated to the petiole, 3-6 in. long;
central leaflet elliptical elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, narrowed irflo the
petiolule; lateral leaflets usually obliquely ovate-elliptical or rhomboidjl.
Flowers polygamous, f-l| in. across, in terminal and lateral many-flowered
corymbs. Pedicels ^-2 m. ; upper bracts linear or subulate, caducous.
Calyx-lobes oblong or ovate-oblong, distinct, rather acute. Petals enlarging
after expansion ; lamina elliptical or ovate, obtuse, claw equalling the sepals.
Ovary ellipsoidal to globose, on a gynophore of 1-2 in., 1 -celled or 2-locular
at least partially, owing to the cohesion of the placentas. Fruit about the
size of an apple, with a coriaceous pericarp on a strong stipes. — C. Adansonii,
DC. and C, lata, DC. Prod. i. 243. C. guineeniU, Schum. et Thonn. Guin.
PI. 240.

Upper Qoinea. Senegal, Sieber I Hussenot I Niger, Barter I
Horth CentraL Bomou, E. Vogel ! Oudney.

100 IX. CAPFABiDACEiE (oliveb). [CratcEVO.

Nile Land. Madi, Speke and Grant ! Sennar, Kotschy ! Cienlcowski ; White Nile,
12° N. lat., Dr. Brow^ell ! Abyssinia and Kordofan {Schvoeinf. et Asch. Enum.).

I do not consider that C. Roxburghii, R. Br., of India, is specifically distioguishable from
Ihe above. R.* Brown pointed out the closeness of their relationship.

11. BITCHIEA, Brown ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 110.

Sepals 4, valvate in aestivation. Petals 4 or indefinite, linear-oblong with
a long claw, or elongate narrow-linear, wavy. Stamens 12-oo, inserted upon
the torus ; filaments filiform, free. Ovary oblong or oval, often sulcata, upon
a long gynophore, and 1-locular with 2-4 multiovulate placentas or the ovary
at least partially divided by the cohesion of the placentary plates. Stigma
sessile or subsessile, broad or subpeltate. Pruit (immature) ellipsoidal, ob-
scurely costate, obtusely pointed. Ripe seeds unknown. — Erect or climbing
shrubs. Leaves 3-5-foliolate or simple, firmly membranous or subcoriace-
ous, glabrous. Flowers large, greenish, pedicellate in terminal and lateral
corymbs.

A small genus, confined to W. tropical Africa.

I am unable to find any satisfactory ground for referring the numerous 3-foliolate speci-
mens in the Kew herbarium to more than one species. The form and size of the leaflets and
sepals, the number of petals, the number of placentas, and the degree to which they cohere,
appear to be characters variable in the same gathering.

Leaves simple, oblanceolate or obovate-oblong. Petals numerous . . \. R. simplidfolia.
Leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets elliptical or from obovate- to ovate-ellip-
tical. Petals 4-20 2. TL.fragrans.

Leaves 5-foliolate {see noie^ p. 101).

1. R. simplicifolia, Oliv. A shrub of 4-6 ft. Leaves numerous,
rather coriaceous, simple, oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, ,
narrowed to the petiole, glabrous ; midrib and looping lateral veins promi-
nent beneath, 6-8 in. long, 1|— 3 in. broad above the middle ; petiole 4-6
lines. Flowers in few-flowered, terminal or axillary, short corymbose fasci-
cles, which are sometimes clustered together ; pedicels f-1 in. Sepals ob-
long-elliptical, shortly acuminate ; margin tomentose. Petals numerous
(about 20), elongate, narrow-linear, about 1 line broad or less. Stamens in-
definite, inserted upon a very slightly {\ a line) raised torus. Ovaiy narrow,
oval-oblong, very slightly narrow^ed to the broad stigma, 1-celled or the pla-
centas partially cohering above.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons river, Mann !

2. R. fragrans, Br. in DenTi. et Clapp. Jpp. 20. A shrub, more or less
erect or scandent, often attaining 15-20 ft. Branches terete, smooth or
ven-ucose, glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate or on twining branches sometimes
1-foliolate ; leaflets firmly membranous or subcoriaceous, glabrous, shortly
petiolulate, articulated to the petiole, elliptical or varying from obovate- to
ovate-elliptical, shortly acuminate acute or rather obtuse, often with a slender
mucro ; median leaflet 4-8 in. long, 1^-3^ in. broad; the lateral leaflets
usually rather shorter and more or less oblique. Flowers in short, terminal
or axillary corymbs, large, pale yellowish-green. Pedicels y-3 in. Buds
apiculate. Sepals elliptical or oval acute ; margin minutely tomentose.

Riichiea.] ix. CAPPARiDACEiE (Oliver). 101

Petals elongate, considerably exceeding the sepals, varying from 4 linear-
oval, with a very long claw, to 8 or 20 narrow-linear, wavy, 1-2 lines in
breadth. Stamens indefinite. Ovary oval-oblong, usually more or less dis-
tinctly +-8-sulcate, glabrous, 1-celled with 2, 3 or 4 placentas, or with the
placentary plates nearly dividing the cavity. Ripe fruit not seen. — R. erecla,
Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 216. tt. 19, 20. R. polypetala, Hook. f. Bot. Mag.
5344.

Var. a. Petals 4.

Var. &. Petals 8-20.

Upper Guinea Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Dr. Kirk ! Dahomey, Burton ! Niger,
Barter ! Accra, T. Vogel ! Abbeokuta, Irving I Fernando Po and Old Calabar, Mann >

Ijower Guinea. Golungo Alto aud Zenza do Golungo, Angola, Dr. Weltoilsch !

In the original specimen of R. erecta, I find 8-9 petals, not 4 only as figured in Fl. Nigri-
taua.

There are two imperfect specimens in the Kew herbarium, with 5-foliolate leaves, one may
prove a variety of R. fragrans ; the leaflets are elongate-oval, acuminate, narrowed to the
base, about 8 in. long. It is described as a small erect-growing shrub, with white flowers
(Niger, Barter). The other is similar to it, but the rather numerous lateral veins are
nearly parallel and unite in a distinct undulated intramarginal vein. The flowers ore too
imperfect for analysis (Sierra d. Crystal, Mann).

Order X. MORINGACEiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite, with a short, cup-
shaped tube and unequal, imbricate, at length spreading or retlexed segments.
Petals 5, similar in form to the calyx-lobes ; 2 upper smaller. Stamens 5,
alternating with 5 staminodes or 10, declinate ; filaments free, inserted in
the margin of the disk ; anthers 1-celled, dorsifixed. Ovary 1-celled, stipi-
tate ; style terminal, slender ; ovules indefinite, anatropous, pendulous, on 3
parietal placentas. Capsule siliquiform, 3-6-angled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
Seeds rather large, with or without wings, exalbuminous ; radicle superior. —
Trees with 2-3-pinnate leaves, clustered at the ends of the branches ; leaflets
obovate or obovnte-oblong, often caducous, or the leaves reduced to the
jointed rachis. Panicles ample, hoary or glabrous, of rather large whitish
pale yellow or red flowers. Capsules 6-20 in. in length.

A small and anomalous family of doubtful afJinity, based upon the single genus of 3 or 4
species, Moringa. Coufined to India, E. tropical Asia, and warm regions between.

1. MORINGA, Juss. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 430.

Character that of the Order.

Leaflets usually present at flowering. Seeds 3-alate 1. M. pt4nygosprrma.

Leaves reduced to their jointed, 2-3-pinnate rachis, or leaflets few

at flovverii'.g. Seeds not winged 2. M. aptera.

*1. M. pterygosperma, Gartn. ; DC. Prod. ii. 478. Of this I have
seen only a cultivated specimen from Senegambia. It is of Indian origin.

2. M. aptera, Gcertn. ; DC. Prod. ii. 478. Leaves 1 ft. or more in
length ; with or without a few scattered obovate or oblanccolate leaflets, \-\
in. long. Panicles 9 in. to 1 ft., axillary ; flowers pale yellow. Capsule
about i ft. long. Seeds 3-gonous, unappendaged.

102 X. MORINGACEJE (oliver). [Moringa,

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Roth !
Also in Upper Egypt, Syria, and Arabia.

Order XI. RESEDACEiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers usually hermaplirodite, irregular or nearly regular. Calyx 4-7-
partite ; segments unequal or nearly equal. Petals 2-4-7 or 0 ; lamina en-
tire or 3-7 -partite, simple or with a dilated claw, free or rarely shortly connate
at the base, open iu aestivation. Disk sessile or shortly stipitate, often uni-
lateral or 0. Stamens 3-40, inserted on the disk or hypogynous, often
declinate, free or the filaments united at the base ; anthers 2 -celled. Ovary
sessile or stipitate, of 2-6 connate carpels, closed or open at the apex or
narrowed into short, cuspidate styles. Ovules indefinite, sometimes few, in-
serted upon parietal placentas, or around the centre and base of the ovary.
Pruit a closed or open capsule, or indehiscent, baccate in one genus, or of as
many minute follicles as carpels. Seeds indefinite, sometimes few, more or
less reniform, exalbuminous ; embryo curved or folded with an incumbent
radicle. — Annual or perennial herbs or shrubby. Leaves scattered or
fasciculate, entire, 3-fid- or pinnatifid ;, stipules minute. Flowers racemose
or spicate, bracteate.

A small Natural Order, principally confined to the Mediterranean region and Asia Minor.

Petals 5, of which 2 at least are 5-7-partite ; carpels 6, open, connate

at the base, shortly stipitate 1. Caylusea.

Petals 4-7, of which at least 2 are 3-10*partite. Ovary 3-lobed at the

apex. Fruit an open capsule 2. Reseda.

Petals 2, undivided. Capsule with 4 teeth or cusps • 3. Oliggmerts.

Petals 0. Pmit a closed berry 4. Ochradenus.

1. CAYLUSEA, St. Hil. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 111.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, of which usually 2 (or 3) have a 5-7-partite
lamina; claw obcordate. Stamens 10-14, inserted upon a slightly raised
torus. Carpels 6, in a single whorl upon a short gynophore, connate at the
base, open above ; ovules indefinite, collected in the centre of the carpels.
Bipe carpels radiating widely, few-seeded. — Glabrous, setulose-pilose or pilose
herbs. Leaves usually entire, lanceolate or linear. Flowers small, in terminal,
bracteate racemes.

A genus of two species, both of which are included in the tropical African flora, one
being peculiar to Abyssinia. The flowers appear subject to a prolified condition, at least iu
C. ca7}escen8.

More or less pilose, hirsute or setulose. Leaves undulate \. C. canescens.

Glabrous or thinly scabrid above. Leaves plane 2. C. abyssinica.

1. C. canescens^ St. Hil. Mem. Redd. (1838) 30. A diff"use or
ascending herb, sometimes, in dry situations, with rather rigid, divaricate
branches, more or less sparsely hirsute-pilose or very shortly setulose-pilose.
Leaves litiear-lanceolate or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, usually with a wavy
margin, thinly setulose', at least upon the midrib beneath. — For synonymy,
see Webb, Spicilegia Gorgonea, 101.

Nile I«and. Nubia, SchwelnfarLh !

Extends from the Cape de Verd islands eastward through N. Africa, Egypt, and Arabia,
to N.W. India.

CayluseaJ] XI. RESEDACE^ (oliver). 103

2. C. abyssinica, Fisch. et Mey. hid. Sem. vii. (1840) 43. An erect,
simple or branched herb,- of 1-3 ft., glabrous or the branches thinly scabrid
towards the elongate, many-flowered, terminal, spike-like racemes.* Leaves
entire or 3-partite, linear-lanceolate or linear, narrowed to the base and above
to the acute or scarcely obtuse apex. Racemes from a few inches to a foot
or more in length. Bracts linear-subulate, equalling the pedicel, deciduous.
Seeds pale, obsoletely rugulose. — Reseda ahymnica, Fresen. in Mus. Senck.
ii. 106. R. pedimculata, Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 64. Astrocarpus abysai-
nicus, Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Salt! Ferret and Ga/itiier, etc.

Of the minute ineiubranous petals, 2 have the lamina 5-fid and in 3 it is simple. The ob-
cordate claw appears thinner and more membranous than in C, canesceru, of which, however,
I incline to regard C. abyssinica as a variety.

2. RESEDA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 112.

Calyx 4-7-partite. Petals hypogynous, 4-7, unequal ; the lamina simple
linear, or 2-5-partite. Disk unilateral, dilated towards the axis, bearing the
stamens. Stamens 10-40. Ovary sessile or shortly stipitate j 3-lobed at
the apex ; placentas 3-6, multiovulate. Capsule indehiscent, open at the
apex ; seeds indefinite. — Erect or decumbent, glabrous or pilose herbs.
Leaves entire, lobed or pinnatifid. Flowers in terminal, bracteate racemes.

A considerable genus, most numerous in species in countries bordering the Mediterranean
and in "Western Asia. The following is the only species of which I have seen specimens
from tropical Africa, but it is probable others may penetrate within our limits.

1. R. pruinosa, Del. Fl. ^gypt. 15, mr. An erect or ascending bi-
ennial or perennial herb, 1 to a few feet in height, woody below, with
minutely pruinose-puberulous or papillose branches, terminating in long,
many-flowered, spicate racemes. Leaves entire or 3-fid, narrow-lanceolate or
oval or with linear-lanceolate segments, tapering below into a rather long
petiole, above to an acute or subacute pointi minutely scabrid-puberulous on
the midrib beneath or glabrous. Bracts caducous. Capsules obovate-oblong.
Seeds minute reniforra, minutely punctate under a lens. — R. amblyocarpa,
Fresen. in Mus. Senck. -ii. 108. R. Qiiartiniana, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 13.
{? R. lurida,M.\xe\\. kmg. Mem. Eesed. 152.) For further synonymy see
Anderson in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. i. 6.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, ScJdmper ! and others ; Nubia, Schweinfurih.

Notwithstanding Pr. Anderson's remarks, I do not think R. amhlyocarpa can be main-
tained as specifically distinct from E. pruhiosa. There is no difference as to the seeds be-
tween the Abyssinian and N.W. Indian forms, though in the Aden plant, which was
specially under Dr. Anderson's notice, they are very small, black, and rough with miniife
points. The leaves of our only Abyssinian specimen are entire, though Fresenius describes
them as mostly 3-fid. Most of the leaves are 3-fid in the ordinary state of R. pruinosa.

3. OLIGOMERIS, Carabess. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 112.

Calyx 4-partite; lobes nearly equal or the two posterior larger. Petals 2,
undivided, posterior, free or connate at the base. Stamens 3-8, hypogynous ;
filaments connate at the base. Disk 0. Ovary sessile, ovoid, tetragonous or
S-sulcate below, abruptly narrowed into the 4 erect, cuspidate, connate

104 XI. EESEDACEiE (oliver). [Oli(/oweris.

styles ; placentas 4, multiovulate. Capsule open at the apex. Seeds indefi-
nite.— Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves entire, linear, fasciculate or
scattered. Flowers small, in terminal spikes.

A small genus, of which the following is the most widely-distributed species. Three or
four species occur at the Cape.

1. O. glaucescens, Camb. in Jacquem. Toy. Bot. 24. ^. 25. An erect
or decumbent, glabrous, more or less glaucous herb ; the stem sometimes
with a few minute scattered setae above. Leaves fasciculate, narrow-linear,
entire. Flowers small, sessile or subsessile, in rather loose, elongate, termi-
nal spikes. Bracts minute, alternating with the two smaller anterior sepals.
Stamens 3 (or 2 ?), unilateral. Ovaiy 8-sulcate below, abruptly narrowed
into the 4 erect, connate styles. — 0. subulata, Webb, Frag. Fl. Jithiop. 26
{Reseda, Delile). 0. dispersa, Muell. Eesed. 214.

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Bromjield!

Occurs in the Atlantic islands, and through Egypt to Persia and N.W. India.

For extended synonymy see Mueller's ' Monographic des Resedacees,' p. 214.

4. OCHRADENUS, Delile; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 112.

Calyx 5-fid. Petals 0. Stamens 10-20, inserted on an urceolate disk
dilated behind. Ovary sessile, ovoid, 3-cuspidate, closed, with 3 oo-ovulate
placentas. Fruit baccate. — Much-branched, glabrous shrubs, with divaricate,
virgate, often spinescent, at length leafless branches. Flowers small, spicate.

A small genus, with the foUowiug wide-spread species.

1. O. baccatus, Del. Fl. Mgypt. 15. t. 31. Branches terete, divari-
cate. Leaves narrow-linear. Berries white.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Ehrenberg ; Nubia [Schweinf. et Asch. Enum.).

Order XII. VIOLARIE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular or regular. Sepals 5, equal or unequal,
imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5, nearly equal or the lower larger, ungui-
culate or sessile. Stamens 5, free or monadelphous ; anthers erect, 2-celled,
with the connective produced beyond the cells (except in Sauvagesia,mvi\\\Q\\
staminodia are present outside the fertile stamens). Ovary sessile, 1-celled ;
placentas usually 3, each with l-oo anatropous ovules. Style usually simple,
sometimes clavate ; stigma terminal or lateral. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing
loculicidally (septicidally in Sauvagesia), 1-oo-seeded. Seeds with a fleshy
albumen and axile embryo. — Herbs shrubs or small trees. Leaves usually
alternate, eniire, serrate or crenate, stipulate. Flowers axillary or terminal,
solitai-y, fascicled, racemose or panicled, in the woody species small.

A considerable Order, widely distributed in both hemispheres, the woody species affecting,
the tropics and southern hemisphere.

Staminodia 0. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally.
Lower petal more or less dissimilar.

Sepals gibbous or slightly produced at the base \ . I.Viola.

Sepals not produced at the base 2. Ionidium.

Petals subequal. (Shrubs or tree;^) 3. Alsodkia.

Staminodia of two kinds. Capsule dehiscmg septicidally 4. SAUVAGfcSiA.

XII. VIOLARIE^ (OLIVER.) 105

1. VIOLA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 117.

Sepals nearly equal, gibbous or distinctly produced below the point of in-
sertion. Petals spreading, tlie lowest spurred or saccate at the base, usually
larger or sometimes rather smaller than the rest ; anthers nearly sessile, the
connective produced into a membranous appendage beyond the cells ; two
lower stamens usually spurred. Staminodia 0. Style clavate capitate or
otherwise dilated, with a terminal or lateral stigma. Capsule dehiscing locu-
licidally in 3 valves. Seeds ovoid or globose with a crustaceoua testa. —
Herbs. Stipules usually conspicuous. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Some
species bear dimorphic flowers.

A large and very widely diflFused genus affecting temperate or mountainous regions in bofh
hemispheres. Many of the species appear connected by intermediate forms which render
them difficult of definition.

1. V, abyssinica, Steud. in PL Schimp. Abyss. Flowering stems
slender diffuse or elongate, prostrate and rooting at intervals. Leaves cor-
date or ovate-cordate, usually rather acute, crenulate-serrate, sparsely pubes-
cent or nearly quite glabrous, with or without dark oblong linear or irreguhir
blotches, ^-1 in. long ; petioles shorter than or equalling the lamina. Sti-
pules more or less deeply divided into narrow acute segments. Peduncles
pubescent or glabrous, exceeding the leaves. Sepals linear-lanceolate, acute,
slightly gibbous at the base. Lower petal deeply and obtusely saccate, the
spur sometimes equalling the lamina. Style clavate, obliquely triangular
above with a lateral stigmatic tooth. — V. emirnense, Boj. mss.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 10,000 ft., Camaroous mountain, 7000 ft., Mann I
(with impuuctate leaves).

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, in mountainous situations, Schimper ! Eotk !

The same species, as 1 take it, occurs in Madagascar. V. abyssinica may prove a form
of some previously described species when the genus comes to be thoroughly worked up.
Schweiufurth (Flora v. Soturba) indicates another Viola from Nubia, yet undescribed.

2. lONIDIUM, Vent. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 117.

Sepals not produced at the base. Lower petal larger than the rest, clawed,
saccate or gibbous at the base. Anthers sessile ; filaments short, connec-
tive produced beyond the cells as a membranous appendage. Two lower
stamens with reflexed spurs (in the African species) from their filaments. Sta-
minodia 0. Style thickened or clavate with the stigma in front. Capsule
coriaceous, dehiscing loculicidally and elastically in 3 valves. Seeds oblong
or ovoid ; testa crustaceous striate or smooth. — Herbs or low shrubs. Leaves
usually alternate, entire or toothed, with subulate stipules. Peduncles axil-
lary, solitary in the African species.

A rather numerous genu?, principally American. The only tropical African species is
widely diffused in the Old World. A few are endemic in Australia and at the Cape.

1. I. enneaspermum. Vent.; DC. Prod. i. 308. A difl'use decum-
bent or erect much-branched herb, from a ^tw inches to 2 ft., often woody
below or suffrutescent, son.etimes erect and simple, glabrous scabrid-pubes-
cent or shortly hirsute-pubescent. Leaves linear or lanceolate, acute, often
iDucronate, narrowed to the base, remotely serrulate or entire, snbsessilc or

106 XII. viOLAKiEiE (OLIVER). [lonidium.

shortly petiolate, usually 1-3 in. long and varying in breadth from yY~¥ ^^•
Stipules subulate. Flowers blue purple or dull red, axillary, solitary, on fili-
form pedicels of 1-6 lines, bearing a pair of minute bracteoles near the calyx
or above the middle. Sepals lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute. Lower
petal much exceeding the rest, 3-7 lines long with a distinct claw dilated
and saccate at the base ; lamina rounded-cuneate or ovate. Two lateral pe-
tals rather larger than the two upper, oblique, narrowed to an obtuse apex ;
upper petals linear-lanceolate, acute. Seeds white or pale, oblong-obovoid,
the chalazal end truncate, longitudinally ribbed and usually more or less dis-
tinctly transversely striate. — /. thesiifolium, DC. Prod. i. 309, and var. cheno-
podioides, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 35. Viola guineensis, Schum. et Thonn.
Guin. PL 133. {? V. lanceifolia, Schum. et Thonn. 1. c.) /. rhabdospermum,
Hochst. (Jide Webb). For extended synonymy, see 'Flora Indica ' of Drs.
Hooker and Thomson (ined.).

Upper Gruinea. Senegal, Heudelot ! and others ; Niger, T. Yogel ! Barter ! etc.
Abbeokuta, Barter ! Guinea, Thonning.

Nile Ijand. Kordofan, Kotschy !

laower Guinea. Loanda, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Mozaxub. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

Var. hirta {I. hirtum, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. 148). Zambesi, Dr. Kirk ! Peters !
near Simbah, about lat. 5-6° S., Speke and Grant !

Occurs also in Madagascar, India, and Australia. A very variable plant in form of leaf,
indiunentum, and perhaps size and colour of flowers.

3. ALSODEIA, Thouars; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 118.

Sepals not produced at the base. Petals nearly or quite equal, exunguicu-
late or nearly so. Filaments connate, the anthers inserted upon or within the
margin of the tube, or free, usually with a conspicuous dorsal or terminal
connective produced beyond the cells. Placentas 1-oo-ovulate. Style
straight with a terminal stigma. Capsule 3-valved, opening loculicidally, few-
seeded. Seeds rounded or angulate, glabrous or cottony. — Shrubs or trees.
Leaves usually alternate serrate or crenate (often minutely) or entire. Sti-
pules small. Flowers small axillary or terminal, fasciculate racemose or pani-
culate, rarely solitary.

A considerable tropical amd subtropical genus common to both hemispheres, though none
of the New World species have been identified in the Old, nor do any of the African species
occur in India. Some of the species are apparently very variable and exceedingly diificult to
define, the difficulty increasing as usual with the material. I am uncertain how far 1 may
be right in attributing importance in the diagnoses to the insertion of the anthers.

Flowers in axillary or axillary and terminal fascicles or racemes,
rarely solitary.
Flowers axillary. Stamens free. Dorsal connective narrower

than the anther-cells ; apex deciduous \. A. caudata.

Filaments connate. Dorsal connective as broad or broader than
the anther cells.
Flowers in axillary racemes or fascicles. Connective ovate,

obtuse 2. A. latifolia. •

Flowers in lateral and terminal short racemes or fascicles ; an-
thers not exserted ; connective elongate-lanceolate, acute . 3. A. elliptica.
Flowers in loose racemes with spreading pedicels ; anthers

exserted 4. ^. ardisiajlora.

Ahodeia.'] xii. vioLARlEiE (ohveTr). 107

Flowers in termiDal panicles, racemose corymbose or pyramidal.

Leaves strongly spinulose-serrate, 6-9 in 5. J. ilici/o/ia.

Leaves not spinulose, serrate, crenulate, denticulate or nearly or
quite entire. Dorsal connective as broad or broader than
the cells of the anther.
Leaves H-2^ in., slightly cordate at base. Flowers in very

small cymulose terminal clusters 6. J. cymulosa.

Leaves 2^-8 in.

Staminal tube not produced above the insertion of the anthers.

Leaves rarely exceeding 3^-4 in., shortly and obtusely

acuminate. Petioles ^-\ in. Anterior anther-cells

obtuse or emarginate T. A. Jucupana.

Leaves 5-8 in., cuspidate or acuminate. Petioles i-3 in.

Anterior anther-cells obtuse or emarginate . . . . S. A. brackypetala.
Leaves 2^-5 in. Anterior anther-cells with 2-partite ap-
pendix 9. A.subintegrlfulia.

Staminal tube more or less produced above the insertion of
the anthers.
Leaves rounded or subcordate at the base. Petioles ^-i

in. Panicles corymbose. Sepals obtuse 10. -<^. castaneoides.

Leaves acute or rather obtuse at the base. Petioles \ in.
or less. Panicles racemose or pyramidal. Sepals rather

acute 11. .4. dentata.

Leaves not cordate at the base. Petioles ^-2 in. Panicles

usually corymbose or pyramidal. Sepals obtuse . . 12. A. Welwitschii.
Flowers fasciculate, from nodes on the old wood. Leaves very large

(20-30 in. long) 13. A.l cauJijfora.

1. A. caudata, Oliv. A glabrous shrub or the extremities obsoletely
pubescent. Leaves obovate-elliptical or oval, rather abruptly narrowed above
into a narrow acumen of about f in. ; base cuneate or more or less obtuse or
rounded; 4-5 in. long, acumen included, 1-lf in. broad; petiole l|-3 lines.
Flowers axillary, solitary, or 2 or 3 together, on bracteate pedicels of 1-3
lines. Petals oblong, about three times as long as the sepals. Stamens
free ; anthers produced at the apex into a lanceolate, incurved, obtuse, deci-
duous appendix which, when it falls, exposes the produced acute inflexed tip
of the anterior cells. Ovary pubescent, 3-lobed, shorter than the subulate
filiform style into which it is narrowed. Fruit deeply 3-lobed, apiculate,
coriaceous, reticulated, glabrous, with 1 seed to each placenta.

Upper Guinea. River Kongui, Mann !

I have had only imperfect flowers to examine. The stamens appear to be early deciduous,
the filaments falling away from a minute persistent 2-lobed pulvinus.

2. A. latifolia? Tkouars ; DC. Prod. i. 313. A small tree, extre-
mities minutely pubescent. Leaves rather coriaceous, elliptical or oval, nar-
rowed to each end, shortly and obtusely or acutely acuminate, serrulate from
a little above the base or the middle, glabrous, about 3 in. long, 1} in.
broad ; petiole pubescent at first, 1-2 lines. Flowers in very short axillary
bracteate racemes or fascicles, on pedicels of 2-3 lines ; bracts much shorter
than the pedicels. Sepals oblong. Petals linear, rather narrowed below, re-
curved at the apex. Connective ovate, obtuse, exceeding the 2 -fid appendix
of the anterior cells. Ovary glabrous, pauciovulate.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Barter !

Very nearly allied to, if not identical with, a plant in the Kew Herbarium, collected iu the
island of Nissobe (near Madagascar) by Boivin.

108 XII. viOLABiE^ (olivek). [Alsodeia.

I have not seen type-specimens of A. latifolia. The Sierra Leone plant resembles
Thonars' figure, though it would scarcely rank under his section of Alsodeia, " urceolus
cingulatus"

3. A. ellipticay Oliv. A glabrous shrub. Leaves elliptical, rather
obtuse or emarginate ; base obtuse or subcordate, minutely or obsoletely ser-
rulate, glabrous, 1\-Z\ in. long, 1^-2 in. broad ; petioles 3-4 lines. Flowers
in very short pubescent racemes or axillary fascicles often clustered towards
the extremities, about \ in. long ; pedicels \ in. Sepals rotundate, ciliolate.
Petals olDlong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, 3-4 times as long as the sepals, not
at all or but slightly recurved above ; connective elongate-lanceolate, acute,
much produced beyond the cells. Young capsules globose or ovoid, 1-
seeded.

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma river, 20 miles from the mouth, Dr, Kirk !

4. A. ardisiseflora, JFelw. mss. A small slender tree of 8 ft. Ex-
tremities pubescent, at length glabrate. Leaves submembranous, rather
small, elliptical or ovate-elliptical, often shortly narrowed to the obtu"se apex,
obtusely serrulate or denticulate-seiTate, glabrous above, at first thinly pubes-
cent beneath, l|-2-|- in. long, f-1^ in. broad ; petiole pubescent, 1-2 lines.
Flowers yellowish -white, in terminal and axillary spreading racemes 1-2 in.
long. Eedicels patent or ascending, |— ^ in. long, articulated near the base.
Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals oval-oblong, obtuse, recurved over the sepals.
Anthers exserted, with an ovate -lanceolate rather obtuse apiculate or mucro-
nate connective about twice the length of the anther-cells, sessile and inserted
slightly within the pilose-margined staminal tube; anterior-cells unappen-
daged. Placentas 1-ovulate. Young fruit globose.

ItOT^er Guinea. Angola, prov. Pungo Andongo, Dr. Welwitsch !

5. A« ilicifolia, Welw. in Linn. Trans, xxvii. t. 2.' (ined.). A glabrous
shrub or smaU tree, varying from 1 or 2 ft. to 12 ft. in height. Leaves
elongate, oval-oblong or narrowly elliptical, coriaceous, acute, base more or
less cuneate or rounded in the broader leaves, coarsely spinose-serrate, midrib
prominent beneath, shining above, 6-9 in. long, lT-2y (-3^) in. broad ; petiole
\-\\ in. Flowers yellow, in narrow, terminal, racemose, glabrous or nearly
glabrous panicles, 1-6 in. long; lateral branches ascending, mostly very
short or the recurved flowers in nearly sessile fascicles of 2 or 3-8. Sepals
ovate-elliptical obtuse glabrate. Petals obtuse. Staminal tube (in bud) not
produced beyond the insertion of the anthers. Anterior anther-cells with a
narrow oval entire or emarginate appendix, shorter than the obtuse dorsal
connective. Capsule coriaceous, about f in. long ; valves rugulose ; seeds
3-5 lines broad.

liower Guinea. Angola, prov. Pungo Andongo and Ambaca, Br. Welwitsch !
Specimens in bud, apparently of the same species, are in the herbarium of the Bntish
Museum, from Sierra Leone, Afzelius, and Cape Coast, Brass.

6. A. cymulosa, Welw. mss. A shru^j of 2-3 ft., at the time of
flowering almost leafless according to Dr, Welwitsch. Extremities puberu-
lous or glabrate. Leaves membranous, oblanceolate or obovate acuminate,
base narrowed usually slightly cordate, crenulate-serrate, minutely puberulous

Alsodeia.'] xii. violarie.^; (oliver). 109

beneath and on the midrib above, ghibrescent, 1-^-2^ in. lon^, j— H in. broad ;
petiole ^2 lines. Flowers whitish, more or less recurved, clustered or cymu-
lose in few-flowered panicles shorter than the terminal leaves, usually |-1
in. long and broad or terminating short lateral branches. Sepals obtuse.
Petals ovate-oblong, obtuse, apparently not recurved. Staminal tube very
shortly produced above the insertion of the anthers. Connective ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, as broad as the cells ; appendix of anterior anther-cells
linear or oval, entire or 2-partite. Fruit not seen.

Ijo^er Guinea. Angola, prov. Zenza do Golungo, Dr. We/iciisch I (? Coneo
Smith !).

7. A. Aucuparia, JVelw. mss. A shrub of 4-5 ft. or small tree
with an erect slender trunk, attaining 8-10 ft. Extremities glabrous. Leaves
firmly membranous, rather broadly oblanceolate, shortly and obtusely acumi-
nate or obtuse, glabrous, narrowed to the acute or more or less obtuse but
not cordate base, serrulate or nearly entire, 2j-3j in. long, 1-lf in. broad
above the middle ; petioles 2-^6 lines. Flowers greenish-yellow, in small
cymulose clusters collected in terminal and lateral racemose panicles |-2 in.
long ; lateral branches of the panicles usually not exceeding 3 or 4 lines.
Pedicels shorter than or equalling the calyx. Sepals broadly ovate ciliolate.
Petals very obtuse, slightly recurved at the apex. Staminal tube very short
and not produced above the insertion of the anthers. Anterior anther-
cells pilose or glabrous, shortly produced, obtuse or emarginate. Fruit not
seen.

Iiower Guinea. Angola, prov. Pungo Aadongo, Dr. Weluntsch I

8. A. brachypetala, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. xxxvi. 558. A shrub of
2-4 ft. ; the extremities pubescent or glabrate. Leaves obovate obovate-
clliptical or broadly oblanceolate, shortly acuminate or cuspidate, cuneate or
rather obtuse at the base, broadly crenate crenulate or subentire, gbibrous,
5-8 in. long, 2-3(-4) in. broad; petiole very various, i-H(-2^) in.
Flowers in short terminal racemes, or racemose usually pilose panicles of 1-3
in. Pedicels very short or flowers subsessile, often 3-5 together, on short
lateral branches (1-2 lines) of the panicle, usually more or less recurved.
Sepals ovate obtuse, pilose or glabrate. Staminal tube apparently not pro-
duced above the insertion of the anthers. Connective broad ovate obtuse ;
anterior cells scarcely or but shortly produced, minutely 2-fid or entire.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon, Mann !

Ifower Guinea. Congo, C. Smith! Burton! Angola, prov. Golungo Alto, Dr.

Welwitsch !

9. A. subintegrifolia ? F. de Btauv. Fl. d'Otcar. ii. 11. t. GO (O-

ranthera). A glabrous shrub or the extremities minutely pubescent. Leaves
broadly oval, ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate, shortly and obtusely acumi-
nate, remotely dentate or nearly entire, cuneate or rounded at the base, 2 j-5
in. long, 1-2 in. broad ; petioles varying up to \-\ in., often much shorter.
Flowei-s yellow, in small terminal pyramidal panicles about 1 in. long more or
less, on siiort more or less recurved pedicels. Sepals ovate obtuse. Filaments
inserted upon the inner edge of the thickened margin of the crenulate sta-

110 XII. VIOLARIEJE (OLIVER). [Akodeia.

minal tube. Connective exceeding the 2-partite tip of the anterior anther^
cells.

Upper Ghiinea. Oware, Beauvois ; Old Calabar, Rev. W. C. Thomson !

This plant nearly corresponds with a specimen labelled " A. arhorea, P. Th. ?," in the
Thoaarsian herbarium at the Jardin des Plantes. Excepting in the smaller flowers, more
ovate petals, aud staminal tube not produced above the insertion of the filaments, it is very
near to A. dentata.

10. A. castaneoideSy TFelic. mas. A robust shrub, attaining 6-8 ft. ;
the extremities shortly pilose or pubescent with spreading hairs. Leaves ob-
ovate- or oblanceolate-oblong, cuspidate or shortly acuminate, narrowed to
the rounded obtuse or subcordate base, dentate-serrate especially above the
middle, glabrescent above, the midrib distinctly pubescent at first, softly
but very shortly pubescent beneath, usually 5-8 in. long, 2-2f in. broad
above the middle ; petioles from 2-3 lines to an inch or more. Flowers
yellowish, in terminal corymbose or pyramidal panicles, 3-5 m. long and
broad ; the lower branches longest. Pedicels shorter than or scarcely exceed-
ing the calyx. Sepals ovate obtuse. Petals ovate-oblong, obtuse, plane or
slightly recurved towards the apex, Staminal tube very shortly produced
above the insertion of the anthers. Appendix of anterior anther-cells entire
or 2 -fid. Ovary slightly pubescent. Young fruit globose, glabrous ; the
style long-persisting.

laower Guinea. Angola, prov. Pungo Andongo, Dr. Welioitschl river Konguii,
Mann 1 (a form with glabrate nearly entire leaves and small panicles).

Var. ? strictiflora, a shrub of 4 ft., with strict glabrescent branches ; flowers smaller,
white, iu short, erect, terminal and axillary, cymose panicles.

laOT^er Gkuneai Angola, prov. Cazengo, Dr. Weltoitsch !

This may prove a distinct species, but our material does not sufl&ce to determine.

11. A, dentata, P. de JBeauv. Fl. d'Owar. ii. 11. t. 65 (Ceranthera).
A shnib from 3-4 to 10-15 ft. in height; the extremities glabrous or mi-
nutely puberulous. Leaves membranous, obovate-oblong or -elliptical, acute
or acuminate, base acute, cuneate or rather obtuse, more or less crenate-
serrate or serrulate, glabrous above, nerves beneath shortly pilose or gla--
brate ; 4-8 (3-9) in. long, 2-3 in. broad ; petioles }—^ in. or shorter.
Flowers whitish or sulphur-yellow, recurved or subpendulous, in terminal
racemose or pyramidal panicles shorter than or exceeding the leaves, usually
from 2-4 in. long. Lower branches of the panicle ascending, short or elon-
gate. Pedicels shorter than or equalling the calyx. Sepals oblong-ovate,
rather acute. Staminal tube produced above the insertion of the anthers.
Connective ovate, obtuse. Anterior anther-cells vnth a 2-partite tip. Valves
of the fruit pointed, with a homy endocarp. Seeds 2-3 lines long and
broad, smooth.

Upper Quinea. Oware, Beauvois; Fernando Po, Mann! Prince's Island, Barter I
Iio^ver Ghxinea. Angola, prov. Cazengo and Goluugo Alto, Dr. Welwitsch !
Perhaps this ought to include also A. subintegrifolia.

12. A, "Welwitschii, Oliv. A shrub or small tree, from 8-20 ft. in
height. Extremities glabrous or pubescent. Leaves oblanceolate or obovate-
oblong, cuspidate or shortly acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base or in the

Alsodeia.'] xii. viOLARiEyE (oliver). HI

broad -leaved forms sometimes rounded, serrulate above or subeutire, ^la])rou3
or minutely pubeseent on the midrib beneatli, witli or without minute black
dots on the under surface, 4-8 in. long, l|-3 in. broad ; petiole various,
usually from f- 2 in., occasionally only \ in. Flowers yellow or orange-
yellow, in terminal many-flowered panicles usually corymbose or pyramidal.
Sepals pilose or glabrous, obtuse. Staminal tube more or less produced
above the insertion of the anthers. Anterior anther-cells with a 2-partite
or emarginate tip. Fruit not seen.

Upper Ouinea. Camaroons river, Mann I Old Calabar, Rev. W. C. Thomson ! Seue-

gambia !

Lower Qxiinea. Angola, prov. Golungo Alto, Br. Welwitsch !

Perhaps to this species belong specimens brought by Mr. Mann from the Gaboon, which
have the tips of the anterior anther-cells less distinctly produced and obtuse or emarginate.

13. A. ? cauliflora, Oliv. A small tree. Leaves very large, rather
coriaceous, broadly oblanceolate or obovate, much and gradually narrowed to
the base, shortly acuminate, remotely serrulate above, glabrous, the strong
midrib and lateral nerves prominent beneath ; 20-30 in. long, 6-9 in. broad
above the middle, 2-3 in. broad at 6 in. from the base, nearly sessile or upon
very short thick petioles. Stipules 2-3 lines, tnangular-subulate, at length
removed a short distance from the petioles. Flowers fasciculate from nodes
on the old wood, on glabrous pedicels of about 2 lines. Sepals ovate obtuse.
Petals spreading above, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, slightly connate at the
base. Anthers closely connivent around the ovary, subsessile ; connective
lanceolate acute or rather obtuse, exceeding the long subulate tips of the an-
terior cells. Style elongate. Ovules about 3. Fruit not seen.

Upper Gninea. Gaboon river, Mann !

A remarkably fine plant, and in habit very unlike an Alsodeia. Excepting in the slight
connation of the petals, it agrees with that genus as to the flowers. The fruit, however,
may prove it generically distinct.

4. SAUVAGESIA. Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 120.

Sepals not produced at the base. Petals equal, contorted in aestivation.
Fertile stamens 5; filaments very short; anthers linear, unappendaged.
Staminodia in 2 series ; the 5 inner petaloid, oblong, nearly equalling the
stamens; the outer of oo, capitate hairs, much shorter than the stamens.
Placentas 3 ; style filiform ; stigma simple, obtuse. Capsule 3-valved,
opening septicidally. Seeds numerous, pitted. — Herbs or wiry uiidershrubs.
Leaves alternate, rather rigid, entire or seiTulate, glabrous. Stipules pecti-
nate-fimbriate. Flowers rather small, axillary, solitary, geminate or fascicled,
pedicellate in the African species, white rose or violet.

A small American genus, of v.hich the following species is the only one common to both
hemispheres. It appears to b'e common in W. tropical Africa.

1. S. erecta, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 315. A low, ascending decumbent
or erect herb. Leaves lanceolate oi- narrowly elliptical, serrulate, with pro-
minent veins, usually \-\ in. long. Pedicels slender, spreading-decurved,
equalling or exceeding the leaves.

Upper Guinea. In" wet places, Senegambia ! Niger, T. Vogel and Barter ! Bagroo,
Mann i

112

Oeder XIII. BIXINEiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Plowers regular, hermaphrodite or 1-sexual. Sepals 3-8, free or united
below, imbricate or rarely subvalvate in sestivation. Petals as many as the
sepals or numerous or wanting, imbricate or contorted. Stamens hypogy-
nous, indefinite ; anthers 2-locular, dehiscing longitudinally or by terminal
slits. Torus with or without a thickened disk. Ovary free, 1-celled or with
the walls intruded so as to be spuriously multilocular ; placentas usually
2-0O, with many or few, more or less anatropous ovules. Eruit capsular or
baccate, separating into as many valves as placentas or indehiscent. Seeds
few or many, usually with fleshy albumen, and an axile embryo with broad
cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs, sometimes armed with axillary spines. Leaves
alternate, simple. Stipules minute or 0. Flowers axillary or terminal or
from the old wood, solitary, fascicled, racemose or panicled, in some of the
petaloid genera large and showy ; in the dicecious genera insignificant.

Bixinece are chiefly confined to the tropics. Of the following seven genera, two are
eademic; Bixa is not indigenous, Cochlosperinum extends to S. America and Australia,
Flacourtia is also Indian, and Oncoba, as here limited, embraces some S. American species.
There are four other genera of the Order peculiar to south extratropical Africa, aud one to
Madagascar and the islands of the Indian Ocean.
Flowers hermaphrodite, ample. Petals unappendaged. Anthers
dehiscing by terminal slits or pores.

Anthers straight, dehiscing by apical slits. Endocarp separable . 1. Cochlospekmum.

Anthers folded back upon themselves, dehiscing by transverse

slits at the apical fold 2. Bixa.

Flowers hermaphrodite or 1-sexual. Petals present. Anthers de-
hiscing longitudinally.

Petals 5-co, unappendaged 3. Oncoba.

Petals 4-7, with hairy adnate scale within 7- Dasylepis.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 0 4. Ludia,

Flowers dioecious. Petals 0.

Calyx-lobes imbricate 5. Flacourtja,

Calyx-lobes scarcely imbricate. Seeds more or less hairy . . 6. Aberia.

1. COCHLOSPERMUM, Kunth ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 124.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx of 5 unequal, imbricate sepals. Petals 5,
large, contorted-imbricate in sestivation. Stamens indefinite, free, with ob-
long or linear anthers, opening by a short pore-like slit at the apex, on .t.he
inner face. Ovary 1-celled, with 3-5 projecting, multiovulate placentas.
Style undivided, slender. Stigma simple, obtuse or minutely toothed.
Capsule somewhat papery, separating into 3-5 valves when ripe, each valve
alternating with a corresponding valve of the subniembranous endocarp.
Seeds numerous, reniform or spirally twisted, covered or fringed with long,
cottony hairs ; testa horny ; embryo curved. — Shrubs or trees, affording a
yellow dye. Leaves alternate, palmately-lobed in the African species.
Flowers showy, yellow, pedicellate, fascicled, racemose or panicled, either
terminal or from the upper axils or from the old wood of the stock.

A genus of 10-12 species, growing in tropical and subtropical countries both of the Old
aud New "World.
Leaves not divided more than halfway to the base, paler aud uniformly

pubescent beneath ; segments not overlapping at the base .... 1. C. iinctorium.

Cochlospermum.'\ xiii. BIXINE.^ (oliver). 113

Leaves divided more than halfway to the base, eeiitral lobe more or less
narrowed below ; more or less pubescent beneath ; segments diver-
gent, not overlapping at the base 2. C. niloticum.

Leaves glabrous, divided more than halfway (three- fourths or more) to

the base ; segments usually more or less overlapping at the base . . 3. C angolciise.

1. C. tinctorium. Rich, in Fl. Si^neg. 99. /, 21. A small tree or
shrub, 5-6 ft. lii<^h, with numerous puberulent leafy slioots, usually given oil'
from a low stock. Leaves peliolate, palminerved, of roundish outline, with
a cordate base, 5- or 3-lobed, pubescent and paler beneath, at len|^th pla-
brcscent and shining above ; lobes rounded or ovate-oblonij, obtuse or acute,
serrulate or obsoletely sinuate-dentate. Leaves 2^-3^ in. long, 3-5 in.
broad ; petioles |-2 in. long. Flowers 1 to nearly 4 in. diam. Bracts
scale-like, linear, 1-3 lines long. — C. Platichoni, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 268.

"Upper Gui^iea. Quorra, " very common on a rocky soil," Barter ! T. Vogel ! Niger,
Dr. Baikie I Near Niaral, in the Province of Cayor and N'Denout in N'Boro, Scnegambia
(Richard).

Nile Iiand. (Schweinf. and Asch. Enum.)

2. C. niloticum, Oliv. Shoots at length glabrous. Leaves soon gla-
brous above, divided nearly to the base (three-fourths or more) into 3 or 5
linear-oblong segments, the central lobe slightly narrowed to its base, or
obovate-oblong, obtuse or scarcely acute. Leaves, in the Kew^ specimen, 1-1 \
in. long, 2-2-^ in. broad. Petioles about \ inch. Sepals nearly or quite
glabrous. Flowers and inflorescence as in C. tinctorium.

Nile Iiand. Madi, Speke and Grant !

The plant referred to C. tinctorium by i)rs. Schweinfurth and Ascherson may be the same.

3. C. angolense, /F(?/ttJ. 7W55. A tree, attaining a height of 10-20 ft.,
with a trunk about 9 in. diam. at the base. Branches divaricate. Leaves rather-
coriaceous, deeply divided (three-fourths or more) into 5 lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate segments, serrulate above or nearly entire ; glabrous on
both surfaces or the nerves obsoletely pubescent beneath ; the segments
usually slightly overlap each other at the base. Larger leaves 6-7 in. broad,
3^-4 'in. long, central lobe about lj-\^ in. broad ; petiole 2-4 in. long.
Flowers few together (about 3), 3-4 in. diam., deep yellow. Pedicels
puberuloi\s, 1 in. long. Sepals nearly or quite glabrous. Anthers dehis-
cing by a single minute terminal slit. Ovary densely and softly villous.
Fniit about 3 in. long and 2 in. diam., broadly ellipsoidal or obovoid, depressed
at the top, separating when ripe into 4 thin, coriaceous, striate, puberulous
valves. Seeds reniform, black and shining, enveloped in a deciduous cotton.

liower Cruinea. Angola, distr. Goluugo Alto. Frequent on dry, stony declivities
between Sange and Camilungo; flowering in February and March, Dr. Weiicltsch !

The Borotuto of the natives, who use the bark in fabricating a coarse cordage. This
species is very closely allied to C. Gillivrai, Benth., growing iu Queensland, Austnilia,
differing in the villous ovary and some minor characters.

2. BIXA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 125.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, much imbricated, deciduous. Prtals
5, large, imbricate. Stamens indefinite, with short, oblong, somewliat tetra-
gonous anthers, dehiscing by 2 pore-like, transverse slits at the top (really

114 XIII. BIXINE^ (OLIVER). [Bixa.

linear anthers, folded back upon themselves, dehiscing only in the middle of
each lobe). Ovary 1-celled, with 2 or rarely 3 multiovulate placentas. Style
slender ; stigma minutely 2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, compressed-ovoid or
subcordate, rarely 3-gonous, rough with long, stiff bristles, separating into
2 (or 3) valves, bearing the seeds covered with a red pulp. — A shrub, with
alternate, ovate, somewhat palminerved leaves and terminal panicles or pani-
culate racemes of large rose or white flowers.

A genus of 1, or perhaps 2 species, native in tropical America. The following is cul-
tivated or naturalized very widely between the tropics of the Old World. The red pulpy
covering of the seeds is used as a dye, under the name of Aruatto.

*1. B. Orellana, Zzww. ; DC. Prod. i. 259. A small tree of about 10
(5-15) ft., the young shoots and inflorescence rusty-puberulous. Leaves ovate
or subcordate-ovate, acuminate or acute, entire, rarely with 1 or 2 unequal
lateral lobes, palminerved at the base, usually 4-6 in. long, 2^3| in. broad,
glabrous or glabrescent. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam. Fruit 1^-2 in. long, li
in. broad, rather pointed.

Upper Ouinea. About towns on the Niger, Barter ! (not much used by the natives) ;
Fernando Po and Prince's Island, Mann !

liower Guinea. Angola, occurring as though indigenous in woods and thickets,
Br. IFelwitsch!

Dr. Welwitsch found grovring sporadically in elevated woods in the district of Golungo
Alto in Angola, a small-leaved form,J.he leaves sometimes lobed, ovate, acuminate, 2-4 in.
long, and 1-2 in. broad.

3. ONCOBA, Forsk. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 125.

(Heptaca, Lour, ; Ventenatia, P. de Beauv. ; Xylotheca, Hochst. ; Chlanis, Klotzsch ;

Mayna, Audi.)

Flowers polygamous. Sepals 3 or 4, free or cohering below, imbricate.
Petals 5-10 or more, rarely fewer, often narrowed toward the base and ex-
ceeding the sepals, imbricate. Stamens indefinite, free ; anthers linear, rarely
shortly oblong, dehiscing longitudinally, with or without a terminal point or
awn. Ovary 1-celled, with 2-10 multiovulate placentas. Style simple ;
stigma vaiious, either denticulate or divided into as many linear or subulate
or capitate, ascending or radiate lobes as placentas, or peltate and depressed
in the centre. Fruit dehiscent or indehiscent, smooth, ridged, furrowed or
echinate, coriaceous or shell-like, 1-celled, many-seeded or in some small-
flowered species, few- or 1-seeded. Seeds with a horny testa ; embryo with
leafy cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs, sometimes spinose. Leaves alternate,
usually penninerved, coriaceous cr membranous. Flowers terminal or axillary,
solitaiy, fascicled or racemose, white reddish-white or yellowish ; in several
species large and showy.

A genus of about 20 or 22 described species, confined to the tropical and subtropical
parts of Africa and America. The American species are small-flowered, with echinate fruits,
and have hitherto been held as generically distinct from Oncoba. Some of the new species
here described unite the extremes. (See OHver.in Jouru. Linu. Soc. ix. 172.)

Flowers terminal or axillary, solitary or in fascicles, not racemose.
Flowers 1-4 in. diam. Fruit various.

Leaves pubescent, entire or undulate. Petioles short, rarely
more than 1 in. Flowers usually solitary or two or three
together.

Oncoba.] xiii. BIXINE.E (oliver). 115

Leaves obovnte or oblong, rounded at the apei. Stigma-
lobes subulate. Fruit circular in section 3. 0. Peiersiana.

Leaves obovate or oblong. Stigma-lobes minute, spreading.

Fruit longitudiually furrowed 4. 0. Teitensis.

Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate. Stigma obtuse, nearly or

quite undivided 6. 0. Kraussiana.

Leaves more or less pubescent or hairy at first, crenate-serrate,
petioles short. Flowers solitary. Stigma-lobes radiate,

singly capitate. (Usually with short, slightly curved spines.) 2. 0. brachyanthera.
Leaves glabrous.

Leaves obovate, shortly petiolate. Fruit ovoid-globose,

pointed 5. 0. Kirkii.

Leaves elliptical, oval or lanceolate. Stigma peltate, entire
or lobed. Fruit globose. (Usually with sleuder, axillary

spines.) 1. 0. spinosa.

Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate ; petioles short. Stigma

obtuse. Flower usually solitary 6. 0. Kraussiana.

Leaves oval or elliptical ; petioles 1 in. or more. Flowers
3-4 in. diam. Stigma obtuse, scarcely lobed. Fruit
globose, usually more or less pointed or cuspidate . . . 7. 0. glauca.
Leaves large, membranous, ovate, acuminate; petioles 3-5
in. Flowers large, in lateral fascicles. Stigma-lobes ra-
diate, linear. Fruit echinate 8. 0. Welwilschii.

Leaves oval-oblong. Flowers in lateral fascicles on straight,
erect peduncles. Stigma obtuse, undivided or minutely

lobed. Fruit with wavy ridges 10. 0. lophocarpa.

Flowers small, less than 1 in. diam. Fruit echinate . . . . 13. 0. echinata.
Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary racemes.
Leaves entire or undulate.

Flowers about IJ in. diam. Pedicels 4-8 lines. Anthers very

shortly pointed. Stigma-lobes 4-5, linear, radiate . . . 9. 0. Mannii.
Flowers -J in. or less in diam. Pedicels 1-2 lines. Anthers
very shortly pointed. Stigma-lobes radiate, obtuse. Fruit

furrowed , 11. 0. ovalis.

Flowers about \ in. diam., in extra-axillary racemes, shorter

than petioles. Anthers aristate 12. (9. aristata.

I.ieaves dentate-serrate, membranous. Flowers in loose or inter-
rupted axillary racemes. Stigma minute. Fruit smaU, echinate. 1 4. 0. dentaia.

1. O. spinosa, Jorsk, ; Rich, in II. Seneg. 32. ^.10. A glabrous shrub,
usually armed with slender, spreading, very acute, axillary spines, some-
times 2 in. long or more. Young twigs marked with numerous, minute, j)ale,
lenticel-spots. Leaves membranous or rather coriaceous, shortly petiolate,
elliptical, generally shortly acuminate, serrulate or crenate-serrate (sometimes
obsoletely) from a little above the wedge-shaped or rounded bas^, 2-3^ in.
long, \\-2 in. broad. Flowers showy, white, fragrant, about 2 in. across,
terminal or lateral, upon short, axillary shoots. Calyx deeply 4-ficl, usually
persisting, about half as long as the petals, which appear to be variable in
number. Anthers linear, much shorter than the slender filaments, with a mi-
nute, acute, triangular tip beyond the cells. Fruit globose, 1^-2 in. diam.
or sometimes more, smooth, with a hard shell, marked with several equidistant,
scarcely prominent, longitudinal lines ; applied to ornamental and other uses
by the natives. — Lundia monacantha, Schum. et Thonn. Guin. Pi. 231.
Oncoba monacantha, Steud. Nora. Bot.

Upper Quinea. Senegambia {Schumacher and Thonning) ; Cnpc Verde, {Richard) ;
Sierra Leone, Dr. Kirk ! Abbeokuta, and Nupe, Niger, Barter I

116 XITI. BIXINE.E (OLIVER). [Oncoba.

Nile I«and. Abyssinia {Schweinf. and Asch. Enum^.

Mozamb. Distr. Shire river, Zambesia, Dr. Kirk!

Var. )8. angoJensis, margin of the stigma divided into several lobes capitate or thickened at
the extremity ; Angola, distr. Golungo Alto and Bumbo, not infreqnent, Br. Welwitsch .', who
describes the flower as very fragrant. The fruit js edible.

Also in Arabia, and at Natal, Harvey^ Thes. Cap. 142.

2. O. brachyanthera, 0/^w. Shrub, with the young shoots and leaves
more.or less hairy, armed with short, slightly curved spines. Bark minutely
warted with pale lenticels. Leaves rather coriaceous, more or less elliptical,
sometimes ovate or obovate, shortly acuminate, crenate-serrate, shortly stalked,
2-3 in. long, 1^-1| in. broad; secondary nerves prominent on the under
side of the older leaves, which become at length nearly or quite glabrous,
riowers about 2 in. across, terminal or upon short lateral shoots. Calyx at
length falling away. Anthers oblong, very short, not more than twnce as
long as broad, cordate-based, obtuse, without a tip. Stigma with about 6
radiate, broadly capitate, distinct lobes. Fruit globose, about 1^-2 in. ditini,
smooth with a hard shell.

Upper Guinea. Found on the site of an old town on thfe river Bagroo, Ma7i7i !

3. O. Petersiana, OUv. A softly p ibescent shrub, with membranous
obovate or obovate-oblong leaves, rounded or very obtuse at the extremity,
slightly undulate, more or less pubescent on both sides, 3-4| in. long, lj-2
in. broad. Peduncles terminal or axillary, sometimes leafy, -g- in. to 2 in.
long. Flowers about 1|— 2 in. diam. Calyx deciduous. Anthers linear.
Ovary hairy. Lobes of the stigma about 6, subulate, ascending or slightly
recurved. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoidal, obscurely ridged and fuiTowed or nearly
terete, shortly cuspidate, shortly pubescent-tomentose, at length rather sca-
brous and glabrescent, separating into numerous narrow valves when ripe. —
Chlanis macrophylla, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. i. 145.

Mozaxub. Distr. Shupanga, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk ! Peters! also at Delagoa Bay.
Klotzsch's specific name I cannot adopt under Oncob'a, since numerous species have much
larger leaves.

4. O. Tettensis, Olw. A pubescent shrub, with obovate or oblong,
obtuse, rather coriaceous, shortly-stalked, undidate leaves, 1^-2 in. long,
but scarcely fully grown in the specimen seen. Peduncles usually axil
lary, spreading or ascending, about f-ly in. long. Flowers 1-1| in.
across. Calyx 3-partite; lobes at length deciduous. Anthers linear. Lobes
of the stigma minute, triangular-subulate, slightly spreading or recurved.
Fruit ovoid-globose, with a sharp cuspidate point, shortly tomentose, with
numerous rather deep longitudinal furrows. — Chlanis Tettensis^ Klotzsch,
I.e.

This species is united with the preceding, by Dr. Hooker, in Harvey and Sender's 'Flora
Capensis,' ii. 584, and perhaps rightly.

Mozamb. Distr. Tete and Shupanga, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk ! Dr. Peters !

Although I have had the opportunity of comparing our specimens with those named by
Klotz?ch in the Berlin Herbarium, I cannot be quite sure that I hive rightly referred Dr.
Kirk's plants, wh'ih alone show the two forms of fruit well grown.

5. O. Kirkii, OUv. A glabrous shrub, with obovate, obtuse or shortly

Oncuda.] xiii. bixinea: (ulivek). 117

cuspidate, rather coriaceous leaves, somewhat shiiiinp: above, 3 to nearly 6 in.
long, 1-|~3 in. broad above the middle ; petioles 2 lines to 1 in. long. Flowers
about 1^ in. diam., on short lateral peduncles. Anthers linear. Fruit ovoid,
terete, glabrous, slightly rough, shortly pointed.

Perhaps a variety- of 0. Petersiana.

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma Bay, lat. 10° S., Br. Kirk!

*6. O. Kraussiana, Planch, in Harv. and Sond. Tl. Cap. i. G6. Shrub
or small tree, 10-15 ft. high, with young leaves and shoots slightly pubes-
cent. Leaves petiolate, firmly membranous, oblanceolate, obtuse or rather
acute, glabrescent, 2-2^ in. long, f- 1 in. broad. Peduncles axillary, 1 \-%
in. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together, about 2 in. diam. Calyx 3-lobed,
pubescent. Anthers linear. Stigma obtuse, scarcely divided. 1 have not
seen the fruit. — Harvey, Thes. Cap. t. 141.

Natal !

Likely to occur north of the tropic.

7. O. glauca, Hook.f. Fl. Nigrit. 220. A glabrous tree or shrub, with
oval or elliptical, entire or slightly undulate, firmly membranous, acuminate
leaves, glaucous above, 3-6 in. long, ly-3 in. broad. Petals 1-2^- in.
Flowers very large, white and show^y, 3-4 in. diam., on axillary pedimeh's
about 2 in. long, usually clustered towards the extremities of the branches.
Calyx glabrous, 3-lobed, deciduous; lobes rounded. Petals about 12, 2-3
times longer than the sepals. Anthers linear. Style rather long. Stigma
obtuse, denticulate. F'ruit ovoid or nearly globose, about the size of a hen's
e^g, smooth, marked with longitudinal grooves when dry. — P. de Beauv.
n. Ow. et Ben. 30. t. 17 (the colour of the fiower and cross section of the
ovary are purely imaginary).

Upper Guinea. Lagos, Barter ! Ambas Bay, Mann I Fernando Po, T. Vogel and

Maym !

8. O. Welwitschii, Oliv. A small tree or shrub of 12-15 ft., with
numerous long, glabrescent or puberulous branches, bearing large, ovate,
acuminate, slightly undulate, membranous leaves, 6-9 in. long, 3-7 in. broad,
with broadly rounded, almost truncate bases, clustered towards the extremi-
ties. Petioles 3-5 in. long. Flowers large, reddish-white or yellow, 3-4
in. diam., in lateral fascicles of 2 to 5 from the axils of fallen leaves on the
shoots of a previous year. Stipules siibulate-aristate, ^-1 in. long. Pe-
duncles f-1 in. Calyx 3-partite. Petals about 10, dilated above, about
twice as long as the sepals. Anthers linear, much shorter than the capillary
filaments. Ovary rough, with about 5-6 placentas and as many radiating,
linear, stigmatic lobes at first obtuse or capitate, terminating the long slender
style. Fruit densely echinate with long rather weak spines, sei)arating
when ripe into as many more or less recurved valves as there are placentas.
The style and stigmas harden and persist a considerable time. — Linn. Trans,
xxvii. (ined.) t. 3.

Lower Guinea. Angola, distr. Golungo Alto, flowering in February, Dr. WeUitsch !

9. O. Mannii, Oliv. A glabrous tree, 25 to 50 ft. high, with large,

118 XIII. BIXINEiE (OLIVER). [OdCoba.

oblong-elliptical or oblong-obovate, shortly cuspidate, entire or slightly undu-
late leaves, 6-12 in. long, 2^5^ in. broad. Petioles 1-2 in., slightly curved
near the blade. Flowers about ly in. diam., in interrupted racemes 3-6 in.
long, from the axils of the upper leaves ; pedicels 4-8 lines, articulated at
the base, in fascicles of 2, 3 or more or single, scattered along the raceme.
Sepals 3. Anthers linear, shortly apiculate, with slightly inteniipted cells.
Ovary glabrous. Stigma radiate, with about 4 spreading or recurved linear
lobes. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Ambas Bay ; Old Calabar river ; Fernando Po, Mann !

10. O. lophocarpa, Oliv. A glabrous tree, 30-40 ft. high. Leaves
oval-oblong, sometimes lanceolate-elliptical, shortly acuminate, finely mem-
branous, entire or faintly undulate, 4-7 in. long, l|-3 in. broad ; curved
secondary nerves rather prominent below. Petioles \-\\ in. long. Flowers
usually from the axils of fallen leaves on shoots of the previous season,
solitary or in fascicles of 2, 3 or more, on erect, firm, straight peduncles,
li-2^ in, long, about If- 2:^ in. diam. Sepals 3, deciduous. Petals nume-
rous, half as long again as the sepals. Anthers linear, without a terminal
appendage. Ovary glabrous, soon showing numerous longitudinal furrows,
which in the young lanceolate-oblong fruit (which only I have seen) are
bounded by strongly-marked, much crisped or wavy ridges, confluent in
pairs below and above. Style rigid ; stigma obtuse, undivided or denticu-
late, the extremity apparently more or less resolved at length into a minute
viscous or semifluid drop. The fmit naiTows at the top to an obtuse point.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, 2-3000 ft., Mann I

11. O. ovalis, Oliv. A glabrous tree of 20-30 ft., with entire or slightly
undulate, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, shortly, abruptly, and obtusely acu-
minate, firmly membranous or rather coriaceous leaves, 4-6 in. long, 1|— 3 in.
broad. Petiole f-l in. Flowers about 4-5 lines in diam., in axillary, rather
slender racemes, about 3 in. long, on short pedicels of 1-2 lines. Anthers
very shortly pointed. Ovary longitudmally furrowed, tapering into the style.
Stigma with 4-5 radiate, recurved, obtuse lobes. Fruit smooth, lanceolate-
oval, 2-J-3 in. long, tapering at the top and marked with 4 or 5 strong, equi-
distant, longitudinal furrows with raised margins.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, 4000 ft., Mann !

12. O. aristata, Oliv. A small glabrous tree. Leaves 9-12 in. long,
4-5 in. broad, oblong-elliptical or obovate-elliptical, wedge-shaped at base ;
apex with an abrupt narrow acumen, -^-1 in. long. Midrib and secondary
nerves prominent beneath. Petioles 3-4 in. long, slightly thickened and cui*ved
at the top. Male flowers about \ in. diam., shortly pedicellate, in slender extra-
axillary racemes about 2 in. long. Sepals 3. Petals 7-8. Anthers minutely
pubescent, terminating in an awn half as long to nearly as long as the cells.
Pistillate flowers and fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. River Gaboon, Mann !

13. O. echinata, Oliv. A glabrous shrub. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

Oncoba.] xiii. bixinea; (oliver). 119

oval-oblong or obovate-oblong, rounded or wedge-shaped at base, shortly
acuminate, with rather distant secondar\ nerves, 4-6 in. long, l| 2^ in.
broad. Petiole 3-6 lines. Flowers 3-6 lines in diam. from (he branch a
little below the leaves, solitary or in fascicles of 2 or 3 on very short peduncles.
Anthers linear, without a terminal appendage. Pistillate or hermaphrodite
flowers unknown. Pruit on a very short spreading or recurved peduncle,
globose, densely echinate, with numerous seeds, about 1 in. diara. exclusive
of the spines.

Upper Guinea. Bagroo river, 3fann !

14. O. (Mayna) dentata, Oliv. A shrub or small tree, 6-30 ft.
high, glabrous or with the young shoots and nerves of the young leaves obso-
letely pubescent. Leaves membranous, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, dentate-
serrate, especially towards the shortly acuminate extremity, 3-10 in. long,
2-5 in. broad. Petiole 1^-7 in. long, often slightly curved near the top.
Stipules subulate, 2-3 lines long, deciduous. Plowers about ^-| in. diam.,
in loose or interrupted, ascending, axillary racemes, 1-3 in. long. Pedicels
slender, 1-6 lines long or flowers subsessile. Sepals 3. Petals 6-10. An-
thers muticous; cells often multilocellate. Style subulate, with a minute,
almost or quite undivided stigma. Ovary hairy, soon echinate with spread-
ing acute spines. Placentas 2 (or 3), with numerous ovules. Fruit globose,
echinate with rather soft spines, \-\ in. diam. (exclusive of the spines), 1-
seeded (in Dr. Welwitsch's specimens).

This species is strictly referable to Aublet's genus 3/<jyna, the rest of the species of which
are tropical American. This genus I have united to Oncoba {vide Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 172).

Upper Guinea. Onitsha, Niger, Barter ! Old Calabar river and Camaroons mountain,
2500 ft., Mann !

IiOT^er Guinea. Angola, distr. Golungo Alto, and Pungo Andongo, Br. Welwitsch !

Count Jaubert in Bull. Soc. Bot. France (December 14, 1866), describes a plant from
Zanzibar {Boivin and Grandidier) and Morabaze(5(??ye«), as the type of a new genus {Gran-
didiera Boivini), but I do not find any character of generic importance in which it differs
from Oncoba. It is described as a shrub, with ovate, obtuse, mucronate, entire, membra-
nous leaves, axillary flowers ; the male spicate, female solitary ; sepals 3 ; petals 5 ; pla-
centas 3, co-ovulate ; capsule cristate-alate. I have not seen a specimen.

Speke and Grant gathered, in E. tropical Africa, lat. 6' S., long, about 34° E., an Onco-
boid plant, of which we possess too imperfect material for satisfactory description. Captain
Grant described it as a "shrub with snowy-white rosaceous flowers." The structure of the
flower agrees with Oncoba apparently, but the silky-tomentose leaves arc provided with
conspicuous oblong stipules.

4. LUDIA, Lam. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 126.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5-7, imbricating. Petals 0. Stamens oo ;
anthers basifixed, elliptic-oblong, unappendaged, dehiscing longitudinally.
Ovary 1-celled, narrowed into the style, which is either 2-4-fid or the stigma
2-4-lobed; ovules 2-oo in 2-4 parietal placentas. BeiTy coriaceous.—
Shrubs. Leaves venose, shining. Flowers axillary, sessile or shortly pedi-
cellate.

A small genus of the Mascarene group and eastern tropical Africa.

120 XUI. BIXINE^ (OLIVER). [Liidia.

1. L. sessiliflora. Lam.; DC. Prod. i. 261. Wholly glabrous. Ex-
tremities apt to be minutely tubercled with numerous lenticels. Leaves
coriaceous, shining, rhomboid-oval or -elliptical, subacute or obtuse, cuneate
at base ; lateral nerves directed forward at a rather sharp angle, looping reticu-
lation prominent above and below, 2-3 in. long, f-li in. broad (occasionally
considerably larger) ; petiole about 1 line. Flowers axillary, sessile, solitary
or 2-3 together, with 2 or 3 minute bracts around the calyx. Style shortly
2-4-fid or undivided and the stigma lobed.

Mozamb. Distr. Zanzibar, Lr. Kirk !
Also in Manritius.

5..FLACOURTIA, Commers.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 128.

Flowers dioecious. Calyx 4-5(-7)-partite; lobes sometimes unequal, im-
bricate. Petals 0. Male fl. : Stamens very numerous, with small roundish
or subdidymous 2-celled, unappendaged anthers attached at the back and
dehiscing 'longitudinally. Ovary 0. Female fl. : Stamens 0. Ovary sur-
rounded by an annular or interrupted disk, usually 4-8-celled, with a pair of
superposed ovules (the upper ascending, the lower pendulous) in each cell ;
the upper and lower ovules separated at length by spurious dissepiments.
Styles 4-8, more or less radiating, persistent ; stigmatic apices retuse or
emarginate. Fruit a berry, in the African species from 8-J6-celled ; the cells
in 2 sei-ies, one above the other, each with a bony endocarp enclosing a soli-
tary seed. — Shrubs or small trees, frequently spinose, with alternate simple
leaves. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary racemes or fascicles or small
panicles, or the females often sohtary. Fruit often edible.

A rather small genus, confined to tropical Asia, China, tropical Africa, and the Mascarene
islands.

The species are exceedingly difficult to determine and define.

Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, broadly elliptical, with shallow crenatures,

usually rounded or obtuse, veiulets reticnlated \. F. Ramontchi.

Leaves firmly membranous or coriaceous, glabrous or glabresceut, cre-
nate-serrate or obsoletely serrulate, pointed or subacuminate. Vein-
lets somewhat transversely parallel 2. F. fiavescens.

Leaves very coriaceous, rotundate, denticulate-serrate, softly hairy to

the touch 3. -F. hirtiuscula.

1. F. Ramontchi, VHerit. Slirp. Nov. 59. t. 30, 30 /?. A glabrous
shrub or with the young pails and petioles obsoletely puberulous, frequently
armed with acute, axillary, ascending or spreading spines, 1-2 in. in length.
Leaves shortly petiolate, glabrous, at length shining, and when dry veiny
above, broadly elliptical or varying from obovate- to oblong-elliptical ; apex
usually rounded and obtuse, sometimes broadly pointed; base rounded or
more or less cuneate, broadly (sometimes obscurely) crenate or crenate-
serrulate, 2-3^ in. long, 1^-2^ in. broad. Petiole 3-5 lines. Flowers 1-2
lines diam., in short, few-tlowered, terminal racemes or terminating short
lateral shoots. Fertile flowers perhaps usually solitary. Styles 5-7, very
short radiate, each longitudinally grooved above. Fruit a roundish, pulpy,
edible berry, ^1 in. diam., with about 10 seeds.

Flaconrtia?\ xiii. BixiNE.E (oliveu). \i\

This is the " BatOko Plum " of the Zambesi.

lyiozamb. Distr. Race Island, E. Africa, Forbes I Zambesi, between Tete and the
const, also on the coast near the mouth, Dr. Kirk ! Luabo river. Dr. Kirk !

Specimens in the Kew herbarium, with male tlowers, from Abbeokuta, Barter ! Dahomey,
Burton ! and Niger, liaikie ! probably belong to this species, which occurs also in Mada-
gascar and India. For Indian synonymy, see ' Flora Tndica,' incd.

2. F. flavescens, Willd. ,- DC. Prod. i. 256 {ex descr.). A glabrous
shrub or small tree, often armed with acute axillary spines, which are some-
times very numerous and rigjid on the trunk. Leaves at length somewhat
coriaceous, oval or elliptical, more or less pointed or shortly acuminate or
obtuse, crenate-serrnte or remotely serrulate, the smaller veins somewhat
transversely parallel, variable in size, usually 2-5 in. lono^, 1-2 i in. broad ;
petiole 3-4 lines. Flowers, both 'male and female, in small axillary and
terminal racemes or racemose panicles, much shorter than the leaves; the
female flowers sometimes solitary. Berry small, fleshy. — F. edulia, Schuiii. et
Thonn. Guin. PI. 450. F. Vuyelli, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 220.

Upper Guinea. Guinea, Tkonning ; Niger, T. Vog el and Barter !
Iiow^er Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr, Welicitsch I

Var. j8 Leaves obtuse. Senegal !

Flacouitia gamhecola, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. viii. 219, is probably a variety of the
same species, from M'Carthy Island, Gambia river.

A variable species in the form and size of the leaves, and very difficult to define. It is
nearly allied to one or two Indian and Archipelago species.

3. F. hirtiuscula, Oliv. A shrub or small tree, in the only specimen
seen armed with short acute axillary spines. Leaves rotundate or obovate-
elliptical, obtuse or scarcely acute, more or less cuneate, or rounded in very
broad leaves at the base, denticulate-serrate or occasionally irregularly toothed,
pubescent, at length nearly glabrous above ; midrib and long curved lateral
nerves rather prominent below, \\-'i\ in. long, 1-lf in. broad ; petiole 2-4
lines. Flowers not seen. Berries edible, dark-coloured, deeply sulcate when
dry, on short, axillary or terminal branches, about the same size as those of
F. RamontcJii.

Mozamb. Distr. Near Senna, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

G. ABERIA, Hochst. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. V\. i. 128.

Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-8-partite, pubescent or glandular, scarcely
imbricate or subvalvate in sestivation. Petals 0. Male fl. : Stamens inde-
finite ; anthers shortly oblong or rotundate, attached at the back or base,
dehiscing longitudinally. [I have seen female flowers of but one tropical
African species, and descriptions of the ovary are contradictory. The ovary
is more or less divided into 3-6 cells by intruded plates of pulpy tissue or
1 -celled below, several-celled above.] Fruit a berry, 2-6-celled, 2-6-sce(led,
with a small fleshy annular or interrupted disk. Styles 2 0, persistent.
Seeds variously attached to the walls of the cavities, villous or nearly gla-
brous (in A. verrmom with leafy cotyledons the breadth of the seed, the
margins slightly incurved ; radir-le superior). — Small trees or shrubs, with
or without spines. Leaves alternate, simple, shortly stalked. Flowers dice-
cious. Fruit an edible berry.

122 XIII. bixinetE (OLIVER). l^Aberia.

A genus of 6 or 8 species, occurring also at the Cape and in Ceylon.

Leaves glabrous or obsoletely pubescent, obscurely veiny. Persistent
perianth- segments of fruit oblong or linear-oblong, pubescent.
Seeds with villous testa I. J. abyssinica.

Leaves glabrous, veiny Persistent perianth-segnients of fruit linear,
bordered with sessile or subsessile capitate glands. Seeds nearly or
quite glabrous 2. A. verrucosa.

Leaves glabrous, veiny. Persistent perianth- segments of fruit oval
or linear-lanceolate, firabriate-ciliate with long, filiform, capitate
glands. Seeds more or less woolly 2. J.? macrocalyx.

Leaves softly pilose, acute. Persistent perianth-segments of fruit
oval or oval-lanceolate, hirsute or pilose on both sides. Seeds
villous 4. ^. mollis.

1. A. abyssinica, Chs in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. viii. 236. With or
without axillary spines. Leaves dull, rather coriaceous, lanceolate ovate- or
obovate-lanceolate or oblong, obtuse or subacute, sometimes rounded towards
the apex, undulate-crenate or entire, 1|— 3 in. long, 10-15 lines broad. Pe-
tiole 1-2 lines long. "Fruit puberulous, much exceeding the calyx. — Fla-
courtiaobtitsa, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. 534. Rowmea abi/ssinica, 'Rich.
Fl. Abyss. 34. t. 8.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

2. A. verrucosa, Eochst. ; Rich. Fl. Ahyss. 34. With or without
sharp, straight, axillary spines ; the bark often thickly warted with minute
lenticels. Leaves coriaceous or rigid, somewhat veiny, lanceolate varying to
ovate-lanceolate or obovate, obtuse, sometimes retuse, undulate or entire, 1-2 j
in. long, f-1 in. broad. Petiole about 1 in. long. Berry edible, glabrous,
exceeding the calyx, 2-celled, with a very thin dissepiment ; 2-seeded.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Aber mountains (whence the name of the genus), Schimper !
Ankober, Roth !

3. A. ? macrocalyx, Oliv. A small tree with spreading branches, the
extremities at first puberulous, soon glabrous and more or less verruculose,
anned with slender straight spreading or ascending axillary spines, ^-1 in.
long. Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate-elliptical elliptical or oval, obtuse or
scarcely acute, obtuse or rounded and subtiiplinerved at the base, entire, the
midrib prominent below, 1^-2^ in. long, |— Ij in. broad. Petiole 1 line.
Flowers not seen, solitary or in few-flowered axillary fascicles. Fruit solitary,
axillary, on a peduncle of 2-3 lines, articulated at the base. Sepals 6-8,
persistent, free, broadly fimbriate-ciliate with numerous long, slender, mi-
nutely pilose, capitate glands, 8-10 lines long; nearly or quite equalling the
orange-scarlet ovoid berry. Styles 2, short, filiform, erect, hairy, persistent.
Seeds 2, imbedded in pulp, with the testa covered with a lax w^ool (accord-
ing to Dr. Welwitsch, who describes the seed as albuminous, with a large
straight embryo, ovate-cordate cotyledons, and a superior radicle).

liower Guinea. Angola, Distr. Pungo Andongo (and Huilla?), Br. Welwitsch!

Were it not that in 3 or 4 of the persistent calyxes," from which the fruit has fallen (or
aborted), I find a single attached petal much shorter than the calyx, I should have had less
hesitation in referring this plant to Aberia.

4. A. mollis, Oliv. A small, much-branched tree of about 10 ft., with

Aberia.] xiii. bixtne.e (oliver). 123

straight, axillary, acute spines |-1 in. long. Young twigs pilose-pubescent.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptical, acute, sometimes acuminate, mem-
branous, softly pilose especially beneath, remotely or obsoletely spinulose-
denticulate, 1^-2 1^ in. long, 1-1:^ in. broad. Petiole 1 line. Male flowers
very small, axillary, sessile, solitary or two or three together ; female tlowers
very shortly stalked or sessile. Perianth 5-8-partite ; segments spreading.
Ovary densely and shortly pilose, partially or wholly 3- or 4-celled with 2 or
few ovules in each cell, suiTounded by a small undulate or interrupted ati-
nular disk. Styles 3-4 short, erect, papillose-lobulate at the tip. Berry
pilose-pubescent, much exceeding the perianth.

Var. j8. lanceolaia. Leaves lauceolate, acuminate.

Lower Oainea. Angola, distr. Pungo Andongo, Dr. Welwitsch !

Dr. Welwitsch collected in Huilla specimens without flower or fruit of a spinose shrub,
which will probably prove a fifth species of Aberia. The twigs are minutely verruciilose
and glabrous or pubendous at the tips, the leaves subcoriaceous, ovate or ovate-tlliptical,
obtuse, entire, glabrous, veiny, 1^-2 iu. long, \-\\ in. broad; petiole 1 line.

7. DASYLEPIS, Oliv.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 972.

Flowers hermaphrodite" (or perhaps polygamous). Sepals 4 (or 5), round,
coherent at the base, two outside opposite. Petals 4-7, alternate, im-
bricate, slightly perigynous, with as many small, thick, hairy scales adhering
to their bases on the^ inner side. Stamens indefinite, slightly perigj'nous,
free; anthers linear or linear-oblong, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary free,
glabrous, with 2-4 multiovulate placentas. Style simple ; stigma minutely
2-3-4-toothed. Fruit unknown. — A glabrous tree with alternate, somewhat
coriaceous, penninerved leaves. Stipules deciduous. Flowers of moderate
size in many-flowered axillary racemes.

The following is the only species described.

1. D. racemosa, Oliv.; Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 170. Leaves elliptical
or oval, with a wedge-shaped base, 6-9 in. long, 2^-3^- in. broad, shortly
and obtusely acuminate, slightly denticulate-serrate towards the apex ; lateral
nerves prominent below. Petiole 4-6 lines. Flowers 6-8 lines diam., on
straight pedicfels 3-6 lines long, articulated to the axis of the raceme. Ra-
cemes about half as long as the leaves. Bracts minute, rounded, scale-like.

Upper Guinea. Caraaroous mountain, 2-3000 ft., Mann I

Ordee XIV, PITTOSPOREJE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, free or sliglitly connate below,
aestivation imbricate. Petals 5, exceeding the sepals, free or connate below,
more or less spreading above, aestivation imbricate. Stamens 5, hypog\nous,
free, alternate with the petals ; filaments filiform or linear ; anthers dehiscing
longitudinally (in the African genus), unappe\idaged. Ovary 2-, rarely 3-5-
celled or 1-locular with parietal placentas and indefinite ovules. Style simple,
terminal ; stigma minute or capitate, entire or toothed. Fruit (in the African
genus) a coriaceous capsule dehiscing loculicidally in two valves each be^iring a
septum on the middle. Seeds albuminous, with a minute embryo ; testa smooth

124! XIV. FITTOSPOEE^ (oLIVER).

or rugose. — Trees shrubs or underslirubs. Leaves alternate simple entire
wavy or tootlied, exstipulate. Inflorescence various.

Excepting the large genns Pittosporum, which is widely spread iu warm countries, the
Order is wholly Australian.

1. PITTOSPORUM, Banks; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 131.

Sepals free or slightly united at the base. Petals more or less spreading
above, free or connivent or coherent into a tube below. Filaments subulate ;
anthers erect, ovate-oblong. Ovary nearly or quite divided into 2 (rarely 3
or 5) cells by the projecting placentas. Capsule coriaceous or rather woody,
globose or obovoid, dehiscing in two entire septiferons valves. Seeds various
in form from mutual pressure, often imbedded in viscous fluid.

The African species as they now stand may be said to be endemic, but although suffi-
ciently distinct from each other, they are both very nearly allied to other species occurring
in India and the Mauritius.
Leaves oblanceolate ; apex rounded obtuse or acute, ofteu rusty-tomen-

tose on expansion. Flowers i— | in. Sepals usually more or less

tomentose. Ovary pilose LP. abyssinicum.

Leaves oval, attenuate to each end, acute or acuminate, glabrous.

.Flowers \ iu. Sepals and ovary nearly glabrous 2. P. Mannii.

1. P. abyssinicum, Delile in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xx. 89. Leaves
roiiaceous, oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, apex obtuse or rather acute, nar-
rowed below into the petiole, at first more or less covered especially on the
midrib with an early deciduous rusty tomentura or appressed pubescence,
at length nearly or quite glabrous, 2-4 in. long, f-l| in. broad ; petiole up
to f in. or more. Flowers usually in umbellate clusters, crowded in dense
terminal corymbose panicles, shorter than the surrounding leaves, about \-\
in. long. Ovate sepals more or less rusty-tomentose outside. Ovary shortly
pilose. Capsule globose or ellipsoidal, sometimes abruptly and shortly nar-
rowed at the base, nearly smooth or minutely tubercled, 2-5 lines diam. —
Kich. Fl. Abyss. Atlas, t. xi.

Nile I«and. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Roth ! and others ; Bahr-el-Abiad [Schweinf. et
Asch. Enum.).

Var. angoJensis. Nearly or quite glabrous, the inflorescence puberulous.

Lower Guinea. Angola, Distr. Huilla, Br. Welwitsch !

Very nearly allied to, if indeed specifically distinct from, P. viridifiorum^ Sims, of the
Cape.

2. P. Mannii, Hook.f. in Journ. Linn. Sqc. vi. 5. A shrub or small
tree attaining 20-30 ft. Leaves firmly membranous or rather coriaceous,
oval or oblong-elliptical, narrowed to each end, acute or acuminate, somewhat
wavy, glabrous, 2-5 in. long, f- If in. broad ; petiole i-1 in. Panicles
branched, many-flowered. Flowers small, about 2 lines long. Calyx-lobes
often rather unequal, free or irregularly and very shortly connate, nearly gla-
brous. Ovary nearly or quite glabrous. Capsule globose, about ^ in. diam.

Upper Guinea. Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, 8-9000 ft., and Camaroons mountain,
5-7000 ft.. Mann I

125

Order XV. POLYGALE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, free or 2 anterior connate, 2
inner {wing-sepals) larger, petaloid, wing-like, rarely subcqual. Petals 3 'or
5, declinate, free from each other but usually adherent to tiie starainal sheath,
lower petal (carina) concave or galeate. Stamens 8, 5 or 6, raonadelphous',
the sheath open above and usually adnate to the base of the petals; anthers
1- or 2-celled, opening by a transverse valve or terminal pore. Ovarv 2-
celled or 1-celled by abortion or (in Carpolobia) 3-celled. Style simple,
often incurved, filiform or variously dilated above ; stigma lobe(i. Fruit a
compressed 2-celled capsule dehiscing loculicidally by the margins, baccate
and 1-3-celled, or samaroid. Seeds pendulous, frequently strophiolate ; testa
often pilose; embryo axile with flattened cotyledons and a short superior
radicle, with or without a fleshy albumen.— Herbs shrubs or rarely arbores-
cent ; difi'use erect or scandent. Leaves usually alternate, simple, entire, ex-
stipulate. Flowers racemose capitate or panicjed, bracteate.

A considerable and widely-spread Order of temperate and tropical countries.
Petals 3. Stamens 8 (or 6). Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a compressed

„ capsule : I POLYGALA.

Petals 3. Stamens 8. Ovary l-celled by abortion. Fruit a samara . 2. Skcuridaca.
Petals 5, nearly equal. Stamens 5. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit drupaceous 3. Carpolobia!

1. POLYGALA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Geu. PI. i. 136.

Flowers irregular. Sepals 5, unequal, free or the 2 anterior connate, 2
interior (wing-sepals) much larger, petaloid and wing-like, deciduous or per-
sistent. Petals 3, separately adnate to the sheath of stamens ; median petal
(carina) usually exceeding the 2 lateral petals, galeate, usually crested on the
back, if 5 petals the 2 upper are minute and squamiform. Stamens 8 (or 6),
monadelphous, the sheath open above and adherent below to the petals ; " an-
thers 1- or 2-celled." Ovary 2.celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Style in-
curved above and often dilated ; stigma various. Capsule membranous or
coriaceous, compressed, usually emarginate or 2-fid, dehiscing loculicidally at
the edges. Seeds usually strophiolate afid pilose, with or without albumen.
— Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate or fascicled, rarely opposite or verticil-
kte. Flowers in terminal or lateral, axillary or extra-axillary racemes or
heads, usually rather small, colour various.

A large genus of temperate and tropical climates in both hemispheres. 30-40 sptiies
are peculiar to the Cape Flora. Of the 20 tropical Afric.iu species but 3 appear to
be common to India, 3 occur within the limits of tlie Cape Flora, and but 1 is identifi-
able with a New "World species. 15 or 16 are coniiued to tropical Africa, and of these but 4
occur in both the east and west of the continent, the niajority being western.
A. Anterior sepals free.

* Bracts persistent^ at least it n til expansion of the flow frs.
Racemes terminal.

Wings about \ in.- diam., orbicular, showy. Leaves lintar-lauccolate

or linear. Pedicels pilose \. P. Gomesiana.

Wings not exceeding \ in.

Erect, probably 2-3 ft. Leaves linear. Lateral petals hooked

or semihastate 2. P. multijlora.

126 XV. POLYGALE^ (OLIVEU). [Polygala.

Erect, 1-3 ft. Leaves linear, tapering. Lateral petals entire or

slightly depressed on oblique inner side 3. P. tenuicaulis.

Erect, slender, 1-2 ft. Leaves filiform. Lateral petals with

erect lateral tooth or 2-fid 4. P. aparsijlora.

Forking or diffuse, 3-24 in. Leaves linear to obovate-elliptical
obtuse. Flowers reflexed in dense strobiliform heads, the lower
often axillary 5. P. arenaria.

Erect or decumbent. Leaves oval or lanceolate, acute. Racemes

2-4 in. "Wings very obtuse, 5-3-nerved 7. P. persicaria/olia.

Racemes lateral.

Ascending or diffuse. Leaves linear or oblong, obtuse. Flowers

fascicled or racemes much shorter than leaves, pubescent . . 6. P. trijlora.

Erect or decumbent. Leaves oval or lanceolate, acute. Racemes

2-4 in. or lower congested. Wiugs very obtuse, 5-3-nerved . 7. P.persicariafolia.

"Wiry, suffrutescent. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse. Racemes very

short. Wings broadly ovate with numerous looping nervures . 8. P. Senensis.

Shrubby, about 6 in. Leaves rather rigid, elliptical, raucronulate,
reticulate. Racemes few-flowered, extra-axillary. "Wings ellip-
tical, narrower than capsule 9. P. Myrtillopsis.

(Compare P. arenaria.)

* Bracts caducous. Racemes terminal.

(Compare P. Gomesiana.)

Strophiole conspicuous.

Erect or ascending. Leaves linear or oval, apiculate. Lateral

petals orbicular, unguiculate 10. P. ahyssinica.

Leafy herb of about 6 in. Leaves large, obovate-elliptical, f-1^

in. broad. "Wings deciduous 11. P. Mannii.

Strophiole obsolete.

Depressed, wiry. Leaves oblanceolate obtuse or retuse. Lateral

petals obovate-cuneate 12. P. irregularis.

Filiform. Leaves filiform. "Wiugs elliptical, equalling elliptical

obtuse capsule 13. P. paludosa.

Filiform. Leaves \ in., lanceolate or linear. Flowers rather
dense. "Wings roundish-elliptical, much longer than ovate-or-
bicular, nearly entire capsule 14. P. capillaris..

Two to four inches. Leaves linear. Flowers rather crowded.
"Wings nearly orbicular. Capsule orbicular, emarginate or sub-
entire 15. P.micrantka.

B. Anterior sepals connate.

Wing-sepals deciduous.

Shrub. Leaves acicular (or narrow-linear), fascicled . . . . 16. P. acicularis.
Slender erect annual. Leaves filiform. Flowers rather distant,

in slender racemes 17. P. guineensis.

Wing-sepals persistent.

Branches slender. Leaves narrow-linear or filiform. Flowers in

terminal erect racemes. Carina cristate 18. P. rarifolia.

Erect, slender. Leaves linear, narrowed to each end, membra-
nous. Racemes terminal. Crest 0 19. P. Petitiana.

. "Wiry undershrub 1 ft. or less. Leaves linear or oblanceolate,
pointed or mucronulate. Racemes terminal or extra-axillary,
often very short 20. P. Huillensis.

1. P. Gomesiana, Welw. in Linn. Tram, xxvii. (ined.) t. 4. An

Polygala.'] XV. P0LYGALE2E (OLIVER). 127

erect, perennial, branching, showy herb attaining 3-6 ft. in hei|^ht, glabrous
below, minutely pilose or pubescent above. Leaves firmly membranous, as-
cending, very shortly petiolate, linear-lanceolate or linear, acute, in' the
broader forms narrowed to each end, glabrous or pilulose, 2-3 in. long
from 3^-3 in- broad. Uaceraes erect, terminal, ample, many-flowered, often
6-12 in. long, l|-2^ in. diam. ; bracts and bracteoles persistent or soon
deciduous, membranous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, the former often with
a subulate or aristate tip and \ in. in length. Pedicels patent, usually | in.
or under, slender, pilose with spreading hairs. Outer sepals pilose exter-
nally. Wing-sepals orbicular, netted from the base with numerous radiating
anastomosing nervures, pale or assuming a brilliant crimson, about \ in.
diam. Lateral petals sharply and obliquely recurved, oblong, with an auricled
loop on the outer margin on passing into the dilated pilose base, shorter than
the ample much incurved or galeate keel. Capsule obovate-oblong or broadly
obcordate, much shorter than the wings, narrowly alate.

Lower Ouinea. Angola, prov. Huilla, Dr. Welwitach !

Mozamb. Distr. Lake Nyassa, Br. Kirk !

2. P. multiflora, Poir. ; DC. Prod. i. 333 ^x descr.). An erect, ap- .
parently shrubby plant of probably 2-3 ft., minutely puberulous above, the
hairs sometimes collected in faint longitudinal lines, with ascending, firm,
flowering branches from the base of the primary, elongate, erect, terminal
raceme. Leaves linear, tapering towards the ends, 2-3 in. long, \ in. wide.
Eacemes at length 9-12 in.; bracts persistent, minute. Pedicels filiform,
spreading, equalling or exceeding the outer sepals. Wing-sepals obliquely
rotundate, shortly unguiculate, with about 5 looping nerves. Lateral petals
broadly elliptical with a recurved tooth towards the base on the inner side.
Capsule elliptic-oblong, retuse, ciliate, not winged.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone !

Excepting that Poiret includes P. muUiflora amongst the species characterized by corolla
imberbii, our plant agrees very well with his description. His plant, moreover, was from
Sierra Leone {Commerson). P. Donii, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 222, I have not seen, but from
the description I think it may be identical with the above.

3. P. tenuicanlis. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 182. An erect or
ascending, more or less branched annual, the stem minutely pubescent or pu-
berulous, 1-3 ft. in height. Leaves linear, tapering to an acute point or in
larger-leaved forms rather obtuse, minutely pubescent or glabrate, 5~6 in.
long, 1-5 lines broad. Flowers reddish, in terminal, many-flowered, often
rather dense, secund racemes. Pedicels equalling the outer sepals, or flowers
subsessile ; bracts lanceolate-subulate, persistent, at length spreading or re-
curved. Wing-sepals ovate-rotuudate or broadly obovate, with 3-5 principal
looping nerves. Lateral petals obliquely ovate or ovate-oblong, entire or
with a broad depression on the inner side. Capsule quadrate-elliptical to
obovate-oblong, retuse, ciliolate, rather shorter than the wings, scarcely or
not at all winged.

Upper Qainea. Camaroons monntain, 7000 ft., Mann I

Var. longifolia. Leaves attaining 6 in. Racemes very dense. Nupe and on the Kwom,
Barter I

4. P, sparsiflora, Oliv. A very slender, simple or forked, erect, mi-

128 XV. POLYGALE.^ (oliver). [Poli/ffala.

nutely puberuloiis annual of 1-2 ft., with scattered filiform leaves ^-1 in.
\oncr. Flowers in terminal erect racemes of 2-12 in. Pedicels about equal
to the free outer sepals ; bracts very minute, subulate, persistent. Wing-
sepals obovate-rolundate, minutely pubescent, with 3-5 principal looping
nerves. Lateral petals with a short erect tooth on the inner side or broadly
and nearly equally 2-fid. Capsule obovate-oblong, retuse, pubescent or
glabrous, not winged.

Var. o. Lateral petals with tooth on inner side.
Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Morson I
Var. /3. Lateral petals equally obtusely 2-fid.

IiOT^er Guinea. Angola, prov. Pungo Andongo, Dr. Wehoitsch !
Were it not for the difference in the form of the lateral petals, I should have been
strongly inclined to unite this plant with P. tenuicautis or P. multiflora.

5. P. arenaria, Will J.; DC. Prod. i. 326. A very variable annual
herb from a few inches to 1 or 2 ft. in height, erect and forking or diffuse with
divaricate branches. Leaves from linear to oval or obovate-elliptical, obtuse
or rarely subacute, narrowed to the base, sessile or petioles up to 2 lines,
more or less shortly hirsute- or pilose-pubescent at least when young, 1-3
in. long, i-f in. broad. Flowers reflexed, crowded on short, thick, shortly
peduncled or sessile clover-like heads or racemes usually shorter than the
leaves, often over-topped by lateral branches, or sometimes axillary and when
numerous almost confluent, forming an interrupted or leafy spicate or strobi-
liform inflorescence. Outer sepals strongly herbaceous. Wing-sepals vari-
able in size, ovate or ovate-rotundate, often very oblique, nerves faint or
decided at the base only. Lateral petals obliquely ovate or elliptical, entire
or obscurely and obtusely lobed on the inner side. Capsule obovate or ellip-
tical, emarginate, more or less narrowly winged in front, pubescent, shorter
than the wings. — P. nutans. Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 222.

Upper Guinea. By the Niger, Barter 1 T. Vogel ! and others.

Nile Land. Upper Nile, Speke and Grant !

Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith ! Burton ! Angola, Dr. Welwitsch I

Var. andongensis. 1 to 6 in. tall. Leaves oval to obovate-elliptical. Flower-heads
terminal and axillary. Lateral petals rotundate. Capsule entire. — Angola, pruv. Pungo
Andongo, Dr. Welwitsch !

Of this species I have had the opportunity, through the courtesy of Dr. "Welwitsch, of
examining a most extensive and well-oelecled set, which convinces me that very considerable
range must be allowed to it in the form and size of the leaves and general form of the
inflorescence, the aspect of the latter varying with the development of axillary heads below,
which often become confluent. The httle plant distinguished as var. ajidongensis may be
considered entitled to specific distinction on account of its entire capsules, but in other re-
spects it is very similar to the common form. A variety of this plant grows at Natal.

6. P. triflora, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 333. An erect, diffuse or decum-
bent, often much-branched, pubescent or puberulous annual, the erect form
attaining 1 or 2 ft. Leaves narrow-linear to linear-oblong, more or less
pointed obtuse or even retuse in the broad-leaved forms, pubescent strigil-
lose or glabrate, usually |-1 in. long, |-2 lines broad, sometimes shorter
and narrower. Flowers in extra-axillary or axillary, few-flowered fascicles
heads or racemes, much shorter than the leaves, sometimes solitary. Bracts

Polygala!] xv. poLYGALEiE (oliver). 129

persistent. Wing-sepals oval or obliquely elliptical, pubescent, with a prin-
cipal median often broadly herbaceous nerve, and faint looping and divergent
lateral ones. Lateral petals obovate to ovate. Capsule ovate-elliptical to
obovate, emarginate, pubescent, scarcely winged, shorter than the win';-
sepals.— P. Fahliana, DC. Prod. i. 320. P. erioptera, DC. I.e. ; Deless.
Ic. iii. t. 15. P. obtusata, DC. 1. c. P. oUganlha, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 38.
P. retusa and P. nubica, Hochst. in^Pl. Kotschy, Nub. P. linearis, R. Br.
in Salt, Abyss. App. 65.

Var. a. diffusa. Leaves linear-oblong, usually obtuse.
North Central. Kouka, Central Africa, ^. Vogel !
Nile Land. Kordofan, A'o^^^r^^ / Huhi^, Sc/iweinfurth /
Ijower Guinea. Angola, Prov. Loanda, Br. Welwitsch !
Var. )3. erecta. Leaves narrow-linear.
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet !
Nile Land. Kordofan, Kotschy ! Abyssinia, Schimper !
Also in the Cape Verde Islands.

I believe the above to be forms of one widely-distributed species, extending cast to India,
where it appears to be common.

7. P. persicarisefolia, DC. Trod. i. 326. An erect or decumbent,
usually branching annual, of 1-3 ft. Stem thinly pilose pubescent or pube-
rulous. Leaves membranous, oval to linear-lanceolate, acute acuminate or
rather obtuse, mucronulate, shortly hispid-pubescent or -puberulous, at least
when young, 1-3^ in. long, \\-^ lines broad, subsessile or shortly petiolate.
Flowers in extra-axillary or terminal racemes or from the forks, growing out
to 2-4 in. or the lower flowers fascicled in the axils of the leaves, which
much exceed them. Pedicels capillary below, spreading, exceeding or about
equalling the outer sepals. Bracts subulate, spreading or reflexed, persistent.
Wing-sepals rotundate-ovate, obtuse, with 3-5 looping nerves, glabrous or
nearly so, exceeding the quadrate-rotundate, emarginate, narrowly-winged
ciliolate capsule. Lateral petals abruptly narrowed, semi-hastate or hooked
at the base inside. — Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 79. t. 184. P. sphetwptera, Fres.
in Mus. Senck. ii. 274 (probably a stunted form, similar to a specimen in
Herb. Kew. from Abyssinia, Roth). P. Wallichiana, Wt. 111. i. 49. t. 22 A.
P. Quartiniana, Rich, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xiv. 263 ; Fl. Abyss. Atlas,
t. 9. P. granulata, Hochst., and P. punciulata, Hochst. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i.
39. P. hypericoides, Webb, Frag. Fl. ^Ethiop. 31 (a form with tufts of
flowers from the axils of the lower leaves).

Nile Land. Alyssinia, Schimper ! Schweinfurth !

Lower Guinea. Bumbo, Angola, Dr. ff'elwitsch I

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk!

Var. latifolia. Decumbent. Leaves oval, penniveined, strigillosc-pubesceut on the veins
beneath. Manganya Hills, 3000 ft., Dr. Kirk !

Occurs in S. extratropical Africa, also iu the Himalaya and mountains of peninsular
India.

8. P. Senensis, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossnmb. Pot. 113. — A rnthfr wiry
or rigid puberulous herb or undershrub, 1-2 ft. high in the suftVutcscent
form, with straight, divaricate branches. Leaves oblanceolate to oblong, ob-
tuse, occasionally somewhat pointed, puberulous, usually -J-U in. long, 2-4
lines broad ; petiole \ line or leaves subsessile. Flowers in very short,

VOL. I. F

130 XV. POLYGALE^ (oliver). [Polygala,

lateral racemes or axillary fascicles, shorter than the leaves or pedicels,
equalling or exceedino: the outer free sepals. Bracts and bracteoles herba-
ceous, lanceolate. Wing-sepals rotundate-ovate, with numerous radiating,
looping nervures. Lateral petals ovate, considerably shorter than the keel.
Capsule quadrate-rotundate, retuse, minutely pubescent, scarcely or not at all
winged, enclosed by the wing-sepals. — P. obtusissima, Hochst. in PI. Schimp.
Abyss.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

IKEozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Br. Kirk !

9. P. Myrtillopsis, Welw. mss. A low herb of about 6 in., with
shrubby habit, giving off numerous ascending, shortly hirsQte branches from
the thick root-stock. Leaves somewhat rigid, oblong-elliptical, mucronulate,
glabrous or ciliolate, finely reticulate-venulose, sessile or subsessile, ^-1 in.
long, ^-^ in. wide. Flowers nodding, in short, extra-axillary, few-flowered
racemes of i in. or less. Bracts subulate, persistent, shorter than the
pedicels. Wing-sepals green, obliquely obovate-oblong, narrowed below,
slightly mucronulate. Capsule rotundate-obcordate, emarginate, narrowly-
winged, ciliolate, broader, but shorter, than the wings.

Iioxeer Guinea. Angola, prov. Huilla, Dr. Welwitsch !

In habit resembhng the Indian P. arvensis, from which its more rigid, reticulated leaves
distinguish it ; it approaches also P. japonica^ differing in the capsule and wings.

10. P. abyssinica, Fresen. in Mas. Senck. ii. 273. Occurring both as
an annual and with a woody, branching, no doubt perennial stock ; erect or
ascending, forking or a good deal branched below, from ^ to 2 ft., minutely
pilose towards the extremities in the tropical specimens. Leaves linear,
tapering to a fine point, or in the depressed perennial form oblong or nar-
rowly elliptical, apiculate, pilulose or glabrate, very shortly petiolate, y-li
in. long, 1-3 lines broad. Flowers secund, in terminal, sometimes elongate
racemes ; pedicels spreading, about equal to the free outer sepals. Bracts
early deciduous. Wing-sepals ovate, narrowed at the base, sometimes so
much so as to appear obovate, with 3 nerves connected towards the apex.
Lateral corolla-lobes shorter than the median, orbicular, shortly narrowed be-
low or unguiculate. Capsule obovate, emarginate, narrowly winged in front,
glabrous or nearly so. — P. hotient'otta, Presl, Bot. Bem. 15. P. Gerardiana,
Wall. Cat. 4187. P. adoensis, Hochst. in PL Schimp. Abyss.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Salt ! Schimper! and others.

Var. rupicola, much-branched at the base, pilose, with oval or oblong leaves (P. rupicola,
Hochst. et Steud. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 36).

Abyssinia, Schimper !

I have but little hesitation in identifying P. haitentotta of S. extratropical Africa and
P. Gerardiana of the Himalaya with the Abyssinian plant. Perhaps P. leptalea,J)C.,and
P. oligophylla, DC, may prove to be synonymous. The two latter are identified by Mr.
Bentham.

11. P. Manniiy Oliv. A low, leafy, perennial herb, a few inches in
height, apparently with a prostrate stem or rhizome. Ascending axis simple,
glabrous or nearly so. Leaves large, membranous, obovate-elliptical or ob-
lanceolate, more or less acuminate, narrowed into the petiole, slightly denti-
culate forward or entire, glabrous^ 2-4 in. long, \-\\ in. broad ; petiole

Folygala.] xv. polygalp:^ (oliver). 131

^-| in. Raceme terminal, shorter than or cquallinji; the upper leaves, ratlier
dense and conical above. Flowers very shortly pedicellate ; pedicels | line
or less ; bracts early deciduous. Outer scp.ds free. "Wing-sepals obovate,
faintly nerved, nerves diverging from the base ; deciduous. Lateral petals
oblong, obtuse, equalling the keel. Capsule obovate-rotundate, retuse, gla-
brous.

Upper Guinea. Sierra del Crystal, Mann !

12. P. irregularis, Boiss. Biag. i. Fasc. i. 8. A low, spreading, wiry
plant, branching from a woody stock ; branches ))u])erulous, with niinute,
appressed hairs. Leaves, especially the lower, oblanceolate or obovatc-oblong,
obtuse or retuse, often with a miimte, recurved mucro ; upj)er vcrv small,
narrower, strigillose-puberulous or glabrescent, more or less glaucous in our
specimens, not exceeding ^ in. in length. Flowers remote, in loose, terminal,
spreading racemes ; pedicels equalling the outer, free, broadly-elliptical
sepals ; bracts early deciduous. Wing-sepals broadly-ovate, with 3 nerves
united above and minute, spreading, lateral veinlets. Lateral petals ample,
extremely delicate, broadly obovate-cuneate. Capsule obliquely-obovate,
winged, glabrous.

Nile Iiand. Seiinar, Kotschy !

Also in Arabia, I think, as P. arabica, Boiss., seeras scarcely different.

13. P. paludosa, St.Hil. FL Bras. Merid. ii. 8, var. A very slender,
filiform, erect, glabrous annual, of 4-12 in., with forking, ascending branches
and scattered, acicular or filiform leaves, of -^ in. or less. Flowers in erect,
terminal racemes, very small ; pedicels about equal to the outer free sepals,
spreading ; bracts subulate, early deciduous Wing-sepals persistent, ellip-
tical, obtuse, with 3 faint nerves, the lateral ones soon lost. Lateral petals
lanceolate, nearly equal to the keel. Capsule elliptical, a little narrowed at
the base, rather obtuse, equal to the wings. Seeds estrophiolate, pilose, with
appressed hairs. — P. paniculata, Linn., var. africana ? DC. Frod. i. 329.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone !
Also in Brazil.

14. P. capillariSy F. Mey. {Harv. in FL Capensis, i. 93), var. angolm-
sis. A very slender, erect, glabrous annual; of 1 ft. or more, usually branched
from the base. Leaves scattered, very small, erect, lanceolate or linear, about
^ in. long. Flowers small, cream-coloured or greenish, in erect, rather
dense, terminal, spicate racemes. Bracts subulate, very early deciduous ;
pedicels equalling or shorter than the outer free sepals. Wing- sepals ellip-
tical-rotundate, with the lateral faint nervures dying out. Lat4'ral petals
ovate-lanceolate, nearly equalling the keel. Capsule ovate-orbicular, minutely
apiculate or scarcely emarginate when dry, two or three times shorter than
the wings. Seeds with short, curved hairs ; strophiole obsolete.

Iiower Guinea. Angola, prov. Huilla, Br. Welioitsch !
Occurs also south of the tropic.

15. P. micrantha, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 39. An erect, branching
or simple, glabrous annual, of 2-6 in. Leaves scattered, rather fiesliy,
linear, acute, about \-\ in. long. Flowers minute, in terminal, leafless ra-
cemes, often crowded towards the apex ; pedicels filiform, not exceeding the

132 XV. POLYGALE^ (oliver). {Polygola.

outer sepals or flowers sessile ; bracts caducous. Wing-sepals obovate to
orbicular, very faintly 3-uerved, the nervures soon dying out. Lateral petals
obliquely ovate-lanceolate. Capsule nearly orbicular, scarcely notched, sub-
glabrous. - Seeds without a distinct strophiole, shortly hairy, the hairs loose,
with circinate-capitate tips in the Angola specimens, as noticed first by
Dr. Welwitsch.

Upper Guinea. Senegarabia, Perrottet !

"Lto-wer Guinea. Angola, provs. Pungo Andongo (flowers cream-colonred) and Huilla
(flowers rose or purple), Dr. Welmtsch ! Also iu Cape Verde Islands, according to Webb.

16. P. acicularis, Oliv. A glabrous shrub with stout rigid branches
bearing somewhat tufted, erect, leafy twigs terminating in short rigid ra-
cemes. Leaves acerose or very narrow-linear, numerous, scattered or in
fascicles of 3-4, rather pungent, midrib depressed above, prominent beneath
in the acicular form-, f-2 in. long. Racemes erect terminal or on tufted
lateral rigid ramuli. Pedicels much shorter than the outer sepals or flowers
subsessile ; bracts caducous. Anterior sepals connate, 2-dentate. Lateral
petals obovate or rotundate. Wing-sepals obovate-oblong, faintly nerved,
deciduous with the corolla. Capsule elliptical or obovate, narrowly notched
or emarginate, glabrous ; stigma circinate with a membranous wing.

Nile Land. Near Madi, "White Nile, Speke and Grant !
(? Quorra, Barter, a very imperfect specimen.)

17. P. guineensis, Willd. ; DC. Prod. i. 332 {Fl. Nlgrit. 223). A
very slender, erect, forking, glabrous annual attaining 2-3 ft. with striate
stem and scattered filiform leaves -|-1 in. long. Flowers small, orange and
red, secund, in slender terminal racemes, sometimes distant; pedicels slender
below, subclavate, patent or deflexed, equalling the outer sepals, the two an-
terior of which are connate and 2-fid ; bracts caducous. Wing-sepals obo-
vate, ranch narrowed below, deciduous. Lateral petals rotundate. Capsule
obovate-oblong with a broad triangular notch very conspicuous in the half-
ripe fruit.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Ansell! Barter!

Willdeuow's description is much {oo brief to enable me to identify this plant certainly.
Schumacher and Thonning, who take up the same name in their Beskr. Guin. Planter,
describe their plant as with ' perianthium triphyllum,' and do not refer to the cohesion of
the anterior sepals. It is possible, therefore, that they had a different plant in view.

18. P. rarifolia, DC. Prod. i. 332 {ex descr.); Fl. Nigrit. 222.
Shrubby, with slender, erect, glabrous branches strongly ridged when dry.
Leaves scattered, often remote, veiy narrows-linear or filiform, erect or ap-
pressed, :|-2 in. long, |-2 lines broad. Flow^ers glabrous or pilose, in ter-
minal, erect racemes ; pedicels spreading, equalling or shorter than the outer
sepals ; bracts minute, caducous. Anterior sepals connate, entire or biden-
tate. Wing-sepals pale, oblong- or rotun date-ovate, shortly narrowed at the
base with 3 principal looping (not coloured) nervures, persistent, i in. in
length. Lateral petals ample, rotundate-obovate, naiTOwed below. Carina
cristate. Capsule ovate- or quadrate-elliptical, retuse, exalate or the lobes
more or less produced at each side of the notch, glabrous, about as broad as
and at length nearly or quite equalling the wings. — P. tenuifolia, Link

Polygala.'] xv, polygalea: (oliver). 133

(Harv. in Fl. Capensis, i. 88, and syns.). P. stenopeiala, Klotzsch in Peters'
Mossanib. Bot. 114. t. 23 (as P. stmophylla).

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don !

Lower Guinea. Angola, provs. Puu{<o Andougo, and (with fluwera pilose) Huilla.
Br. Welwilsch!

Var. melanoph/eba (Welw.). Flowers smaller. Wing-sepals ovate, narrowed at the base,
with 3 conspicuous coloured looping nervures. Capsule obovate, shorter than the wings.
Angola, prov. Huilla, Dr. Welwilsch!

The same plant grows in Natal and Calfraria; a form very near to P. melanopAleba, d'liTcr-
ing in having flowers twice as large and wings not marked by coloured nerves.

19. P. Petitiana, Rich. FL Abyss, i. 37. A glabrous, erect, leafy,
usually branching annual of 6-12 in. Leaves plane, membranous, linear,
narrowed to each end and finely pointed, 1-2 in. long, l|-2 lines broad.
Flowers in terminal erect racemes ; pedicels usually exceeding the outer
sepals, subclavate, spreading or decurved ; bracts subulate, cyducous. An-
terior sepals connate, emarginate. Wing-sepals ovate, often much narrowed
to the base, with 3 looping dark-coloured nerves, persistent. Lateral petals
rotundate or broadly obovate. Crest 0. Capsule oblong-elliptical, broadly
emarginate, exalate, glabrous, as long as and broader than the wings. — P.
tetrasepala, Hoclist. in PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schhnper ! Petit !

20, P. Huillensis, Welw. mss. A low, wiry and shrubby, glabrous
or puberulous herb of 1 ft. or under, with numerous diffuse or decum-
bent sometimes elongate branches, from a much divided root-stock. Leaves
rather thick, linear or oblanceolate-linear, pointed or obtuse and mucronulate
or sometimes emarginate, narrowed to the base, glabrous, sessile or sub-
sessile, :^-l in. long, yo—j in. wide. Flowers in loose terminal or extra-axil-
lary racemes, sometimes 2-3 in. long, often very short or flowers solitary.
Bracts very early deciduous; pedicels i in. or less, after flowering sharply
rcflexed or patent, thickened upwards into the outer sepals, the anterior of
which are connate and 2-fid. Wing-sepals greenish, elliptical, narrowed
below with 3 principal nerves. Lateral petals obovate-cuncate, nearly equal-
ling the keel. Capsule quadrate-elliptical, emarginate, not winged, glabrous.
Seeds pubescent.

liower Guinea. Angola, prov. Huilla, Dr. Ifelwilsch!

P. Figftriana, Webb, Frag. Fl. jEthiop. 31. Suffrutescent, branching. Branches
reticulate-striate. Leaves sparse, linear, acute, subsessile. Spikes ternnnal. Hracts linear-
lanceolate, subulate. Smaller sepals acute, red; lateral (wings) roundish-ovate, hyaline,
penuinerved, as long as the cristate, much-incurved, apiculate keel. Capsule ?

Nile Iiand. Sennar?

The description, based upon a single flowering specimen, is taken from Mr. NVcbb. 1
have failed to identify it.

P. conoBperma, Bojer in Ann. Sc. Nat Ser. 2. iv. 206. A rather weak herb of 1-2
ft. ; stem simple, 2-3-forked above with terminal racemes, glabrous. Leaves erect linear
acute or mucronate, glabrous, obtuse at the base, 2 in. long, U-2 lines broad. Racemes
ample,' erect, many-flowered. Flowers pedicellate, secnnd, pale rose. Hrarts M>tarcou8,
caducous, exceeding the pedicels. Outer s« pals 2, navicular, acute, half as long as the innpr

134 XV. POLYGALE^ (oliver). \_Polygala.

which are oval-oblong, acute, dilated below, rose-veiaed, glabrous. Lateral petals unguicu-
late, 2-lobed. Seeds conical, pubescent, with a yellow arillus.

IHIozamb. Distr. Mombase Island, Bojer.

I have not identified this plant, and doubt under which section in the ' Clavis ' it belongs.

2. SECURIDACA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 138.

riowers irregular. Sepals 5, unequal, two (wing-sepals) raucli larger,
petaloid and wing-like. Petals 3, distinct from each other, adnate below to
the sheath of stamens, median petal (carina) galeate ; if 5 petals the 2 upper
squamiform and rudimentary. Stamens 8, monadelplious, the slieath split
above and adherent at the base to the petals ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by
a triangular recurved valve in front. Ovaiy 1-celled (one cell being abor-
tive), with 1 ovule. Style oblique, incurved above. Fruit a samara. Seed
estrophiolate, glabrous, exalbuminous. — Shrubs usually scandent, or small
trees. Leaves alternate, entire. Plowers in terminal and axillary racemes or
panicles.

A considerable genus in Tropical America, represented by few species in the Old World
and but by two in Africa, one of which is widely distributed and very variable.

Branches pubescent. Leaves more or less oblong, obtuse, rarely

exceeding 1-2 in. by ^-f in. Flowers in racemes . . . . \. S. longipedunculata.
Branches glabrous. Leaves broadly elliptical or obovate, shortly

acuminate, 2-4 in. by 1-2 in. Mowers in racemes or panicles 2. S. Welwltschii.

1. S. longipedunculata, Fres. in Mns. Senck. ii. 275. A much-
branched divaricate shrub sometimes attaining 8-10 ft., the extremities mi-
nutely pubescent or shortly hirsute, rarely glabrate. Leaves coriaceous, ob-
long to linear- lanceolate- or ovate-oblong, obtuse or rounded at the apex ;
margin more or less revolute when dry, glabrous or glabrescent, paler and
venation usually obscure beneath, f-2 in. long, i-| in. broad; petiole 1-3
lines. Plowers rose or shades of purple or violet or variegated with white,
in terminal spreading racemes of i-3 in. or upon short lateral shoots ; bracts
and bracteoles minute, lanceolate, deciduous ; pedicels \-^ in., pubescent.
Lateral petals ovate to obovate-elliptical, a little recurved at the tip. Samara
li-2|- in. long with a notch at the base on the side of the aborted cell of
the ovary, wing variable, the ventral margin nearly straight or much curved,
gradually or abruptly narrowed into the smooth or rugulose nut, with nu-
merous, curved, parallel, forking nervures, ^-1 in. broad. — Lophostylis oblon-
gifolia and L. angustifolia, Hochst. in Flora 1842, 231 ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i.
39-40; Atlas, t. 10. L. pallida, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 115.
t. 22.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Sieber ! Quorra. T. Yogel !

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Seimar, Cienkowski.

Mozaxnb. Distr. Rovuma river and Manganya Hills, Drs. Kirk and Meller I

Var. parvifolia. Leaves considerably smaller, often elliptical (wing of fruit rather
abruptly narrowed at base in Angola sp.).

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Niger, Barter !

laOTver Guinea. Angola, provs. Huilla and Pungo Andongo, Br. Welwitsch !

The bark of this plant affords the Buaze fibre of Zanibesiland. Dr. Kirk brought from
the Batoka Highlands a specimen in fruit only of what he considers a distinct species allied

Si'curidacn.'] XV. POLYfi.vLE.E (olivku). j35

to (ho above, with short lafcral braiiclios reduced to sharp spinos and not viildiiitr a lihn-,
but th(! leaves and fruit allbrd no distiiietive character. ,\ similar plant ocimus at'l)».la"..a
Bay ( Forbes \\\ Herb. Kevv.). .This may he the plant descrilicd by Ucirhcnba.-h .as //,7, .
ropteiifs macroptera, referred to by A. de Jnssien, Mmiog. .Malpigh. 227.

2. S. "Welwitschii, 0 Iv. A l;ir<ro shrub often rlimbinjr to a {^nat
heiglit, witli sinootli iuid glabrous braiu'lies. Lravos tliinly coriarcoiis witli
curved loopitio; lateral V(;itis, l)roa(lly elliptical or varviuL? froui ( bovatc- to
ovate-eni])tical, usually shortly iiud obtusely or acutely acuuiinate, curieatc
broadly rounded or raiely subcordatc at tlu; bas(;, jilabroiis, shiniu'^ above,
rather paler and somewhat opacpie benetith, 2 \ in. lou<;, 1-2} in. broad;
petiole \ in. or less. Flowers white or siil[)hur-yc]low or petals rose-coloiuvci
at the base, in axillary simple branched or fascicled racemes shorter tliaTi the
leaves or in terminal pyramidal pameles consistin<; of alternate snccessivciv
shorter spreadinjjj or ascending racemes l^racts deciduous ; pedicels tili'-
form, \-^ in. long, spreading, Thrc^e outer sepals orbicul.-ir, -yV-To »"•
Wing-sepals three to four times as long, orbicular, concave, while, l.ateral
])etals oblong or obovate. Samara about 2 in. long, not niiicli excecdin"- -J-
in. in breadth above, gradually narrowed below. — S.Jloribmtda, Welw, .\pont.
rhyto-geog. (non Benth.) 562.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons and ^Mnni rivers, Mtoh) !

Lower Guinea. Angola, prov. Golu)igo .Alto, I)r. Welwifsch !

The iiillorcscciice varies as iu other lianes forming the (lowering crown of forest trees.

3. CARPOLOBIA, G. Don; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. V\. i. 1:39.

Flowers irregidar. Sepals 5, free; 2 inner usnally distinctly larger. Pe-
tals 5, nearly equal, adnate below to the staniinal sheath; median petal (keel)
galeate. Stamens 5, monadelphous ; the sheath open above, adnate to the
petals; anthers 2-loeiilar, dehiscing as in Securidaca. Ovary 3-celled, with
one ovule in each cell ; style incurved above. Fruit 3-2-lobed, 3-2-see(led,
or globose and 1-seeded, more or less fleshy or pulpy when ripe, with a coria-
ceous epicarp. Seed with hairy testa, and co[)ious fleshy albumen. — Ever-
green shrubs, with alternate entire leaves. Flowers white and pui-])le or
yellowish, in short axillary racemes or fascicles.

I am by no means sure that the two forms described here as specifically distinct, mit'lit
not more correctly be regarded as modifications of one species. The only im|)ortant ditlir-
ence Ix tween them is in the relative size of the outer and inner sc[ials. The genus is con-
fined to W. tropical Africa.

Innermost sepals twice as long as outermost 1. C. alba.

Sepals subequal or innermost a little larger 2. C. tulm.

1. C. alba, Don, Gen. Si/st. i. 370. A small tree or shrul), attairn'ng
8-UJ ft. Branches shortly pubescent or pid)erulous. Leaves firiidy nicm-
branous or subcoriaceous, oblong-elliptical or varying from oblaneeolatc to
obovate-elliptieal, with an acute or rather obtuse more or less abrtipt acu-
men ; base narrowed to the petiole or cuneate, glabrous or nearly so^ nsu.dly
2-4 in. long, ^-l\ in. wide; petiole about 1 line. Flowers white or petals
purple- or violet-tip|)ed, in axillary fascicles or very short racemes of 2 to i
or solitary ; pedicels 1 3 lines. Sepals more or less ovate din use or rallur

136 XV. POLYGALE^ (oliver). [Carpolobla^

acute, puberulous and ciliolate or glabrous ; the inner, about | in. long, con-
siderably exceeding the exterior, sometimes 2-3 times as long. Petals 2-3
times longer than the inner sepals. Fruit yellow or scarlet, usually 3-gonous
and 3-seeded or seeds fewer by abortion, edible.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Bon ! Senegambia, Fernando Po, Mann I
Lower Guinea. Angola, provs. Golungo Alto and Pungo Andoiigo, Dr. Welwitsch I
Var. parvifolia. Leaves smaller, 1-14 ^^'i ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, scarcely or
not at all acuminate. — Old Calabar, Mann ! Thomson !

2. C. lutea, Don, I. c. A small shrub, closely resembling C. alba.
Leaves as in C. alba. Flowers in axillary fascicles of 2 or 3-6. Sepals
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subequal or inner rather larger, 2 lines or less. Pe-
tals white or pale yellow.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Bon! Lagos, Abbeokuta, etc., Niger, Barter! Old
Calabar, Mann !

C. versicolor and C. dubia, Don, 1. c, belong to genera of Leguminosce, as shown by Mr.
Bentham (Fl. Nigrit. 224).

With the above species in the herbarium of the British Museum is a third plant, collected
at Sierra Leone by Afzelius, which may be an uudescribed Garpolobia, or perhaps a new
generic type. I have not made an analysis of the flower. It has been written up as " Biadel-
phia pentandria, baccata." K is wholly glabrous or the racemes obsoletely puberulous. Leaves
coriaceous, elliptical, shortly acuminate or obtusely cuspidate, 2^-4 in. long, li-2 in. broad,
on petioles of I in. Racemes axillary, 2 or 3 together, rarely once-branched, 6-10-flowered,
1-1^ in. long. Sepals very unequal, obtuse, the inner longer. If a Carpolobia, the spe-
cific name Afzeliana may be assigned to it.

Oeder XVI. FRANKENIACE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx garaosepalous, tubular, persistent,
4-6-toothed. Petals as many as calyx-teeth, free, clawed, with a laraelliform
appendage on the inner side of the claw. Stamens usually 6, hypogynous,
free or very shortly connate at base, rarely cohering above ; tilaments
flattened or filiform ; anthers 2-celled, didymous, dehiscing longitudinally.
Ovary 1-celled, with 3 (2-4) parietal multiovulate placentas ; style simple,
filiform ; stigmas 3 or as many as placentas. Capsule enclosed in the per-
sistent calyx, dehiscing in as many valves as placentas. Seeds albuminous,
with a straight axile embryo. — Much-branched Jierbs or small undershrubs,
affecting maritime or saline localities. Leaves small opposite exstipulate,
often fascicled. Flowers rose to purple, sessile and solitary in the numerous
forks or fascicled in leafy heads or cymes.

An Order of one genus, like several other maritime genera of no marked affinity, widely
spread over the world in suitable localities.

1. FBANKENIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 141.
Characters and distribution of the Order.
1. P. pulverulenta, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 349. A diffuse or procum-

Frankenia.'] xvi. frankeniace^ (oliver). I37

bent, much-forking herb, a few inclies in height, with opposite, obovatc oval
or rotundate, often fascicled leaves, usually mealv-puber'doiis or setulose-
pubescent beneath, Hattish or with the margins more or h'ss recurved, nar-
rowed into short ciliolate or nearly glabrous petioles, less than } in. in length.
Calyx tubular, with short acute teeth, equalling the leaves. Filaments mem-
branous, dilated, tapering above and below.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Sieber ! and others.

A wide spread species of shores and salt-deserts, occurring in S. Europe, India and at the
Cape. '

Okder XVir. CARYOPHYLLACEJE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or rarely diclinous by abortion. Calyx
polysepalous ; sepals 4 or 5, imbricate, or gamosepalous, toothed. Petals as
many as sepals or calyx-teeth, entire 2-fid or toothed, sessile or clawed, some-
times minute or 0. Stamens 8-10 or fewer, free or alteniately adnale to the
claw of the opposed petal. Ovary free, sessile or shortly stipitale, 1-celled or
imperfectly divided at the base, with a free central or basal placenta; stvlea
2-5, free or connate, stigmatose above on the inner side ; ovules indefinite
or rarely definite. Fruit usually a dry capsule, dehiscing by teeth or valves.
Seeds usually indefinite, with a mealy albumen and more or less curved peri-
pherical or excentric embryo. — Annual or perennial herbs, often woody below.
Leaves opposite, entire, exstipulate or stipules membranous. Flowerssolilary
or in forking or fascicled cymes.

A numerous Order in the north temperate zoue aud in arctic regions , very rare between
the tropics, and generally confined to mountainous countries. But one genus, Uebe/inia, is
confined to tropical Africa.

Calyx gamosejtalous.

Styles 2 1. Dianthl-s.

Styles 3 . . 2. Silknk.

Styles 5. Stamens 5 3. UEBtLi.siA.

Calyx pofysepalous.

Styles free.
Stipules 0.

Styles 5. Capsule tubular or ovoid-oblong, dehiscing by 10 teeth,

exserted 4. Cerastiim.

Styles 3. Petals 2-fid 5. Stkm.aria.

Styles 3. Petals entire 6. Arenaria.

Styles 4-6. Capsule dehiscing by as many valves as styles . . . 7- Saoi.na.
Stipules minute, scarious.

Styles and valves of capsule 3 8. Spekoilaku.

Styles and valves of capsule 5 Speboula, p. I43.

Styles connate below.
Ovules 5-QO.

Petals divided. Stipules minute *. Drymaria.

Petals entire. Sepals keeled 10. I'oluakpon.

Petals entire or nearly so. Sepals not keeled. Stipules scarious,

usually conspicuous 11- PorrcARrJtA.

Ovules 2. Fruit-heads setose 12. Spm^bocoma.

138 XVII. CARYOPHYLLACE^ (oLIVER),

1. DIANTHUS, Linn. ; Bentli. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 144.

Calyx tubular, 5-tootliPci, with two or more imbricate opposite brncts,
slieath'ingj the base. Petals 5, with long- chuvs ; limb entire, toothed or
laciniate, not 2-fid nor provided with a transverse scale. Stamens 10. Styles 2.
Capsule dehiscing by 4 teeth or valves. — Herbs, with narrow grass-like
leaves. Plowers terminal, solitary or cymosely fascicled, usually rose or
purple.

A considerable genus, principally European and Mediterranean, though represented by
8-10 species at the Cape, according to Dr. Sonder. The species are exceedingly dilHcult to
• determine and define. The two following I leave as I find them ; they may or may not be
identical with extratropical species.

Lower leaves densely tufted, spreading, 3-5 in. Flowers large.

Calyx-tube 1^-2 in. Claw of petals exceeding calyx 1. B. longiglums.

Lower leaves erect, under 3 in. Flowers \-\ in. Claw of petals

equalling calyx 2. i). leptoloma.

1.. D*. longiglumiSj Delile in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xx. 89. Perennial,
with a branching diffuse rootstock, bearing large, rather dense tufts of spread-
ing, long, linear, grass-like leaves, gradually attenuate to a fine point and mi-
nutely scabrid-denticulate above. Flowering stems usually simple, 1-flowered,
ascending ; the leaves narrow, flat or involute. Plowers 1^-2 in. diam.
Calyx striate, 1^-2 in. long, with linear-lanceolate acute teeth ; bracts ovate-
lanceolate, with a long, narrow, but firm, acumen or cusp, half as long as the
calyx or shorter. Petals cuneate, incise-dentate, with very long claws. —
Bich. Fl. Abyss, t. 12.

Nile Land. Mountain precipices, Abyssinia, Schimper !

2. D. leptoloma, Steud. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 42. Flowering stems erect
or ascending from a branched rootstock, simple or 2-3 times forked, a few
inches to a foot in height. Leaves rather rigid, erect, linear, acute, minutely
serrulate. Plowers solitary, |— f in. diam. Calyx striate, acutely toothed,
i-f in. in length ; bracts about 4, inner cuspidate, about half as long as the
calyx. Petals cuneate, acutely toothed. — D. abyssinicus, E. Br. in Salt, Abyss.
App. 64.

Nile Land. Mountains of Abyssinia, Schimper ! Salt !

2. SILENE, Linn. ; Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 147.

Calyx tubular or variously dilated, 5-toothed, ebracteate. Petals 5-clawed ;
limb entire or 2-tid, rarely laciniate, usually with 2 transverse scales at the
base of the limb. Stamens 10. Ovary usually more or less stipitate, 1-celled
or 3-celled at the base. Styles 3. Capsule dehiscing in 6 or 3 teeth or
valves. — Herbs, various in habit, annual or perennial. Plowers in forking
or unilateral cymes or solitary.

A large genus, chiefly European, Mediterranean, and temperate Asiatic, represented at
the Cape by 10 or 12 species.
Flowers in loose forking paniculate cymes.

Glabrous or neaily so. Calyx elongate-tubular, 1-1 2 in. ... 1. *S'. Macrosolen.

Silene.'] xwii. caryophyllace.e (olivek). 139

Flowers in unilateral racemes or solitary.

Flowers 2-6 ; lowest pedicel about 1 in. Petals scarcely ei-

scrted, with fleshy 2-lobed appendix 2*. 5. BinfrfB.

Flowers usually 3-9 ; pedicels very short. Petals with claw

equalling calyx and 2-fid appendix Z. S. Burchrllii.

Floft'ers usually solitary. Petals with claw equalling calyx ; ap-
pendix obsolete . ' " .... 4. .9 tlammuUefolw.

1. S. Macrosolen, Steud.; Rich. Fl. Adt/ss. i. 44. A p'labrous, pale
or somewhat glaucous perennial, brnnohin<^ from the stook ; flowerin^^-stciris
erect, smiple or forking, apparently a little viscid above, 2 3 ft. high.
Leaves narrow-linear, tapering to a fine point, with a prominent midrib be-
neath, scarcely } in. in breadth. Flowers in a loose forking panicle. Calyx
elongate, narrowly tubular, a little wider above, 1-1^ in. long; teeth short,
ovate, cuspidate; nerves not prominent nor coloured. Petals considerably
exserted (limb 2-fid with obtuse lobes, Rich.). Carpophore much exceeding
the capsule.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! and others.

2. S. Biafrse, Hook.f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 183. Flowering-stems
erect, 1-3 ft., simple or slightly branched, pubescent. Leaves linear, rather
fleshy; the upper very narrow, acute, scabrid-pubescent, 1-2 in. long.
Flowers 2-6, not exceeding f in. in length, erect, in unilateral cyraose ra-
cemes ; pedicels of the lowest flower about 1 in., of the upper much shorter.
Calyx oblong-campauulate, with 10 dark, hispid-pubescent nenures; teeth
triangular-lanceolate. Petals fleshy, about equalling the calyx ; lamina 2-
fid, with obtuse lobes ; appendix 2-lobed, very short, fleshy. Carpophore
about one-third the length of the capsule.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, 8000-10,000 ft., Mann !

3. S. Burchellii, Otth. in DC. Prod. i. 374. An erect, puberulous or
scabrid-pubescent perennial of 1-2 ft., branching from a woody stock or oc-
curring as an annual. Lower leaves linear-lanceolate to oval, narrowed be-
low, usually acute, more or less scabrid-pubescent, ciliate below ; upper leaves
linear, tapering to each end, acute. Flowers usually 3-9, in erect, unilateral,
spicate racemes, very shortly pedicellate or the upper subsessile. Calyx cla-
vate, |-| in. long, with narrow-triangular acute teeth and more or less darkly
coloured nervures. Claw of petals equalling calyx ; limb rather thick, ob-
tusely 2-fid, with 2 squamiform appendices. Carpoi)h()re about as long as
the capsule. — S. Oliveriana, Otth. in DC. Prod. i. 373, S. Chirensis, Rich.
Fl. Abyss, i. 44. S. sericea, Rich. 1. c. 43

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper! Roth! Parkt/ns ! and others; ? Nubia {S. bra-
chystachijs, Webb, Frag. Fl. ^Ethiop. 34), Schweiiif. et Asch. Eniim.

Also in Arabia, Syria, and at the Cape. (See 'Flora Capensis,' i. 128, for syuonytny.
S. clandestina, Jacq., is probably a variety.)

Very nearly allied to -S^. imhricafa and S. bipartita, Desf. Fl. .Vtlant., although, after a
comparison of specimens, I have not felt authorized to unite thcni nor to follow Kich;ird in
identifying an Abyssinian Sih'ufl with the S. sericra of Allioiii. littwecu the S. aericea.
Rich., and 5. chirensis. Rich., I find no specific dilTerencc.

4. S. flammulsefolia, StenJ.; Rich. Fl. Ahyas. i. 43. A c«T3spitose

X40 XVII. cARYOPHYLLACEiE (olivek). [SUene,

herb of ^-1 ft., giving off from' the wiry, diffuse or prostrate stem ascend-
ing, simple, 1-flowered or slightly divided, pubescent branches. Lower leaves
CEespitose, linear-spathulate, pointed, hispid-puberulous, ciliate below ; upper
pairs similar or much reduced, scarcely } in. long. Flowers solitary or the
stem loosely forked, bearing 2 or 3. Calyx clavate, about ^ in. long, glan-
dular-pilose, with dark nervures ; teeth triangular, rather obtuse. Petals
exserted ; claw equalling the calyx ; limb elongate-cuneate, 2-fid, with linear
obtuse lobes; appendix nearly obsolete. Carpophore shorter than the
capsule.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

3. UEBELINIA, Hochst. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI i. 148.

Calyx campanulate, lO-nerved, 5-fid. Petals 5, shorter than the calyx,
entire or nearly so, without a transverse scale. Stamens 5. Styles very
short, 5. Capsule obovoid, dehiscing by 5 valves. — A more or less setulose-
scabrid dichotomous herb. Leaves plane. Flowers in the forks.

A monotypic genus, peculiar to this Flora. .

1. U". abyssinica, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, 664. Decumbent or as-
cending, 2-3 in. to 1 foot or more in height, repeatedly forked ; the branches
setulose-hispid, at least in lines. Leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, mucronate,
narrowed to the base, setulose-ciliate. Pedicels |~1 in. or much shorter in
the smaller specimens, at length often deflexed. Calyx setulose. — U. s^pathu-
lafolia, Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

4. CERASTIUM, Linn. 4 Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 148.

Sepals free, 5 or 4. Petals as many, notched or 2-fid, exunguiculate,
sometimes minute. Stamens 10 or fewer. Styles usually 5 (4 or 3), oppo-
site to the sepals. Capsule tubular to ovoid-oblong, opening at the apex in
twice as many teeth as styles, usually exceeding the calyx. — Herbs often
hairy, with plane, rarely subulate leaves, and forking, dense or lax, terminal
cymes of white flowers.

A considerable genus of temperate, alpine, and arctic regions, including one or two species
which are almost ubiquitous.
Hairy or pubescent. Capsule cyhndrical, at length much exceeding

calyx 1. C. vulgaUim,

Leaves thinly scabrid-hairy, very acute. Capsule oblong-ovoid,

sHghtly exceedmg calyx 2. C africanum.

1. C. vulgatum, Lhm. ; DC. Frod. i. 415. A glandular-pilose or softly
hirsute, diffuse or ascending annual. Leaves oval or varying from subovate to
oblong-lanceolate, sessile or narrowed into a rather broad petiole. Flowers on
pedicels about equalling the calyx, from the upper forks, spreading or at length
reflexed, crowded into a rather dense leafy cyme or in a loose dichotomous
panicle. Sepals with a membranous margin. Petals shorter than or but

Crrastium.'] xvir. caryophyllacea: (oliver). 141

slightly exceeding tlie sepals, 2-fi(l or 0. Capsule cylindrical sli^rhtly curved
above, exceeding tlie calyx more or less.— C. simeiibe, Hochst. in Pl/Schimp.
A byss.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, Mann !
Nile Iiand Abyssinia, Sckimper ! and others.

C. octandra, Hochst. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 45, is a tetramerous variety occurring in Abys-
siuia.

A cosmopolitan weed, apparently truly indigenous in tropical Africa, at least on high
ground.

2. C. africanum, Oliv. A weak brandling herb, attaining 1-2 ft.,
with slender internodes 1-2^ in. long, shortly glandular-pilose, especially
above. Leaves membranous, plane, spreading, sessile, lanceolate, very acute,
sparsely scabrid-pilose, f-l| in. long. Flowers in small, terminal, few-
flowered cymes, with the slender rather short pedicels, glandular-pilose. Se-
pals ovate-lanceolate, rather acute, shorter than the narrow oblanceolate very
shortly 2-tid or nearly entire petals. Styles 5, very short. Capsule narrowly
ovoid, straight, exceeding the calyx, opening at the apex in 10 very short
teeth or 5 at length 2-fid. Cotyledons incumbent. — Arenaria africana,
Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 184.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, 7000-10,000 ft., Mann !

b. STELLARIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 149.

Sepals free, 5 (or 4). Petals as many, 2-fid or 2-partite. Stamens 10
or f( wer. Styles usually 3. Capsule globose, oblong or ovoid, dehiscing in
as v.any 2-fi-d valves as styles or twice as many and entire. — Diffuse herbs.
Leaves plane, rarely subulate. Flowers white, usually in terminal dichoto-
mous paniculate cymes.

A numerous and wide-spread genus, in temperate, arctic, and mountain regions, 'i'he
only indigenous species known to me is endemic.

1. S. Manniiy Hook.f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 183. A weak, diffuse,
slender, nearly glabrous herb, from a few inches to 1 or 2 ft. ; branches as-
cending, sparingly setulose or glabrous. Leaves rather finnly membranous,
ovate, very acute, entire or crisped, scabrid-punctate above, 1 in. long or
less, \-\ in. broad, slender, on petioles of \-\ in. Flowers in small, few-
flowered, divaricate, terminal panicles ; pedicels and calyx minutely glandular-
pubescent. Sepals linear-lanceolate, acute. Petals 2-fid ; lobes narrow,
acute, connivent, nearly equalling the sepals. Ovary globose, with 3-5
ovules.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, 7000 ft., Mann .' St. Thomas, Dr. Welicilsch !

Dr. Hooker points out that this plant is nearly allied to Ceylon and lliinalayau 9i>ccif».

In Dr. Schweinfurth's ' Flora ^Ethiopica' (p. CO), there is a notice of " A\ Braunjana,
Fenzl in litt." The name is applied to a well-marked plant, with the habit of 5. m^dia,
collected by Schimper in Abyssinia. No description is given.

[S. media, L. An annual weed of cultivated ground, in every quarter of the world, pro-
bably originally dispersed from Europe, no doubt occurs in various localities within the
limits of this llora. I have only seen tropical African specimens from Angola, where Dr.
AVelwitsch gathered it as a weed of cultivation. It dilfers from the preceding in its soliUry
pedicels from the forks of the leafy branches, the internodes of which arc marked by a softly
pubescent line, and other characters.]

142 XVII. CARYOPHYLLACEif: (oLIVER).

6. ARENARIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 149.

Sepals 5 (rarely 4), free. Petals as many, entire or emarginate or 0.
Stamens 10 (or 8). Ovary 1 -celled ; ovules indefinite; styles usually 3.
Capsule globose to oblong-ovoid, dehiscing in as many or twice as many
teeth or valves. Seeds globose or compressed, tubercled or smooth. — Annual
or perennial herbs. Leaves subulate, rigid, slender or plane. Flowers
cymose, usually white.

A large genus of the temperate and arctic zones and alpine regions between the tropics.

Leaves subulate. Capsule 3-valved 1. J. Schiwperi.

Leaves ovate. Capsule 6-valved or -toothed .2. A. serpyllifolia.

1. A. (§ Alsine) Schimperi, Hochst. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 47. A pro-
cumbent, diflfuse or tufted perennial, with a branching woody stock ; the
flowermg-steras erect or decumbent, 2 or 3 in. or more in height. Leaves
finely subulate, spreading, about \-\ in. long, often appearing tufted from
numerous axillary leaf-buds. Flowers in loose forking cymes; pedicels gla-
brous or puberulous. Calyx rather truncate at the base when dry; sepals
lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, equalling the oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire
petals. Stylp? ^ Capsule dehiscing in 3 valves, rather shorter than the
calyx.

Nile Ziand. Rocky and mountainous places, Abyssinia, Schimper ! Roth ! and others ;
Sennar ? (var. graminifolia, Webb, Frag. Fl. iEthiop. 36).

2. A. serpyllifolia, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 41L A weak erect or
diflFuse, much-branched, pubemlous annual, from a few inches to 1 ft.,
supported by taller growths. Leaves ovate or rotundate, acute or apiculate,
usually from 1-3 lines long. Capsule dehiscing by 6 valves or teeth, often
unequally.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Nubia {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum.).
A common weed in Europe and temperate Asia.

7. SAGINA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 151.

Sepals 4-5-6. Petals as many entire, or 0. Stamens as many or twice
as many or fewer by abortion. Ovary 1-celled ; ovules indefinite. Styles as
many as sepals and alternate with them. Capsule dehiscing to the base in
as many valves as styles. — Low tufted or procumbent herbs with subulate
leaves and small pedicellate flowers.

A small genus, chiefly coutined to the cooler regions of the northern hemisphere.

1. S. abyssinica, Hochst. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 47. A diffuse or some-
times, in exposed places, densely tufted, glabrous perennial, throwing up nu-
merous, leafy flowering-stems, 1-6 in. long. Leaves subulate ; the lower
often densely tufted and sometimes growing out to ly in. .Flowers alternate
or. cymosely fascicled on capillary pedicels. Calyx rather broadly rounded or
subtruncate below; sepals 4-6, obtuse, exceeding the entire petals, erect or
scarcely spreading after flowering.

Sagina^ xvii. caryophyllaceje (oliver). 143

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 8500 ft., and Catnarooas mouutain, 9000-11,000 ft.
Mann ! ' '*

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schimper !
Peculiar to tropical Africa.

8. SPERGULARIA, Pers. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 152.

Sepals 5, free. Petals 5, entire, rarely fewer or 0. Stamens 10 or fewer.
Ovary 1-celled, multiovulate ; styles 3. Capsule dehiscing in 3 valves.
Seeds subglobose, connpressed or winged.— Low, spreading or forking herbs,
with narrow, subulate or setaceous leaves aud scarious stipules. Flowera
pedicellate, white or rose, in racemose cymes.

A small genus, affecting the shores and saline deserts of temperate regions.

1. S. rubra, Pers. Syn. PL i. 504. var. A decumbent or ascending,
much-branched annual or biennial herb, attaining 3-6 in. in height, more or
less glandular-pubescent above, at least on the pedicels and calyx. Leaves
very narrow-linear, rather fleshy, often with tufted secondary leaves in their
axils ; stipules minute, scarious. Flowers white or pink, in forked or race-
mose cymes ; pedicels reflexed or spreading after flowering. Sepals oblong
or lanceolate, rather obtuse, exceeding the petals. Capsule slightly exceed-
ing or equalling the calyx. Seeds compressed (not winged in the specimens
which I have seen, which agree, as noted by Planchon, with those of the
S. sahuginea, Bunge, figured in Ledebour's Atlas with yellowish flowers, by
mistake) .

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Dr. Aschersoii distinguishes four species in Abyssinia, descriptions of which I have not seen.

Spergularia rubra has a wide distribution in both hemispheres.

\_Spergula arvensis, Linn. A slender annual, i-2 ft. in height, with apparently verticil-
late, narrow-linear or subulate leaves, 1-2 in. long, aud terminal di-trichotoraous cymes of
small white flowers, with the pedicels usually deflexed in fruit, is widely spread as a weed of
cultivation. Dr. Welwitsch collected it amongst Flax in Angola, aud Dr. Schimper abun-
dantly amongst corn in Abyssinia.]

9. DRYMARIA, Willd. ; Benth. et Hook, f Gen. PI. i. 152.

Sepals 5, free. Petals 5, divided. Stamens 5 or fewer by abortion,
slightly perigynous or inserted in a short annular disk. Ovary 1-celled,
2-oo-ovulate. Styles 3, connate below. Capsule 3-valved. — Dift'use forking
herbs. Leaves plane, with minute stipules. Flowers small, cymose.

Principally an American genus, of which the following species has the widest distribution.

1. D. cordata, JVilld. ; DC. Prod. i. 395. A weak spreading herb,
glabrous or nearly so, often extending 2 or 3 ft. Leaves broadly ovate, sub-
cordate or nearly orbicular, mucronulate, 3-ncrved, shortly petiolate, \-\ in.
long. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary, few-flowered, often loose,
cymose panicles on slender glabrous or minutely glandular peduncles. Petals
2- fid, shorter than the sepals.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, 7000 ft., and Fernando Po, 1000 ft., Mann !

laower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

The only African localities known to me for this weed, widely dispersed through the
tropics of both Asia and the New World. It is hkely to occur iu Abyssinia

144 XVII. CATlYOPHYLLACEiE (OLIVER).

10. POLYCARPON, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 152.

Sepals 5, free, membranous or scarious, with a strong herbaceous keel.
Petals 5, shorter than the sepals, entire oremarginate. Stamens 5-3. Ovary
1-celled, multiovulate ; style short, 3-fid. Capsule 3-valved. Embryo curved
or nearly straight. — Diffuse' forking herbs, with opposite leaves, usually in
pseudo-verticils of 4, with scarious stipules. Flowers small, in terminal cymes.

A small widely-spread geuus in temperate and tropical countries.
Sepals strongly keeled, apiculate. Seeds and embryo distinctly

curved \. P. tetraphyllum.

Sepals keeled, obtuse or scarcely apiculate. Seeds cylindric-oblong ;

embryo nearly straight 2. P. Loeflingii.

1. P. tetraphyllum, Linn.f. ; DO. Prod. iii. 376. A glabrous, diffuse,
forking, erect or procumbent herb of 3 or 4 in. Leaves obovate obhmceo-
late or oval, obtuse or scarcely acute, narrowed into the petiole, ^\ in. long,
two pairs usually approximated so as to appear in whorls of 4. Flowers
very small, in dense or loose terminal cymes. Sepals strongly keeled and
boat-shaped, acutely apiculate. Seeds curved on one edge, with a distinctly
curved embryo.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! DiHon.

Occurs at the Cape, and generally in sandy or maritime situations, in the warmer parts of
Loth hemispheres (tropical Asia excepted, Bentham).

2. P. Loeflingii, Benth. et Honk. Gen. PI. i. 153 {in note). Similar in
habit to the above, usually larger, 6-8 in., tomentose-pubescent or glabrous.
Leaves from oblanceolate to nearly linear, rather acute or obtuse, usually from
•f-f in. Flowers in paniculate cymose fascicles. Sepals with a strong
linear herbaceous more or less obtuse keel, rather unequal. Petals notched
or entire. Seeds shortly cylindrical, with the hilum lateral near one end, and
a nearly straight embryo. For synonymy, see Walpers, Rep. i. 263. — Arcersia
depressa^ Kl. in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 140.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Bromfield ! Kordofan and Sennar {Webb, Frag. Fl. Mthiop.).

Lioiver Guinea. Angola, X>r. Welwitsch! Congo , Smith I

Mozanxb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Peters.

Occurs in northern Africa and India.

Were it not that Nuttall has applied the specific name depressum to another species, it
ought, being as I suppose the oldest, to have been retained here. Polycarjicea memphiiica^
Del. Fl. iEgypt. Atl. t. 24. f. 2, appears to be the same plant.

Polycarpcea mozambica, Kunth et Bouche (lud. Sem. Berol. 1848), I do not know. It
may be a glabrous form of the above.

11. POLYCARPJEA, Lam. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 154.

Sepals 5, free, scarious, not keeled. Petals as many, entire or toothed,
shorter than the sepals. Stamens 5, hypogynous or slightly perigynous, free
or connate at the base. Ovary 1-celled, with few or many ovules; style short
(in tropical African sj)ecies) or elongate ; stigma 3-lobed or nearly entire and
capitate. Capsule 3-valved. Embryo usually curved.— Erect or diffuse, di-
chotomous herbs. Leaves usually linear or lanceolate, often fascicled, form-

PolycarpfBa.'] xvii. cahyophyllacf./E (olivf.k). 14.')

ing pseudo-verticils. Stipules scarioiis. Flowers in difl'use or compact,
panicled corymbose or solitary cymes, with scarious, silvery, sometimes ro>«:
or purple flowers.

A considerable genus of the warmer parts of both hemispheres. One of the followin;:
species has a wide extra-African range. The species are very difficult to define. I hnvc
bestowed considerable time upon the tropical African species, and yet must regard them n*
treated provisionally.

Sepals lanceolate, very acute. Leaves narrow-linear or linear-subu-
late.

Flowers in distinct and loosely panicled or confluent spreading cymes.

2-3 in. to 1 ft \. P. cnryynboxn.

Flowers in small, 10-14-flowered, capitate, divaricate cymes . . . 2. P. stellnta.

Flowers in deuse, hemispherical or globose, solitary or loosely

panicled, many-flowered heads, ^-1 in. diam. 1-3 ft. . . . . 3. P. lineanfolta .
Sepals ovate, acute. Leaves linear-lanceolate, subacute. Flowers in

dense, many-flowered capitate cymes ^-1 in. or more in diam. . . 4. P . glahrifoUa .
Sepals ovate-elliptical, apiculate, centre thickly herbaceous. Leaves

linear-lanceolate, revolute, mucronate. Flowers fascicled. Hoary . 5. P.fiagilis.
Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Leaves oblanceolate-spathulatc, rosulate.

Flowers densely fascicled. Glabrous 6. P. spicaia.

Sepals ovate-lanceolate ; inner slightly longer and obtuse ; centre her-
baceous. Leaves linear or spathulate. Flowers single. Glabrous. 7- P. prostrata.

1. P. corymbosa. Lam.; DC. Prod.Wi. 374. An erect or decumb-nt
herb, 2 or 3 in. to 1 ft. high, often diffuse. Stems hoary-tomentose-pubcs-
cent (sometimes thinly), repeatedly and often densely forked. Leaves luir-
row-linear or linear-subulate with axillary tufts forming pseudo-verticils,
pubescent or glabrous, much exceeding the lanceolate or subulate, finely-
pointed, scarious stipules ; \-\ in. long or longer. Flowers erect, in terminal
dense or rather lax, silvery, many-flowered cymes, in the much-branclied
forms confluent, so as almost to hide the ))lant. Sepals scarious, sometimes
coloured below on the median line, lanceolate, very acute, glabrous or pilose,
much exceeding the petals which vary from one-third to two-thirds the length
of the sepals. Capsule one-half to two-thirds as long as the sepals. — P.
te7iuifolia,DQ.\.c.'^ P. eriantha, Hochst. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 303. P.

fallax and P. humifasa, J. Gay, mss. in Herb. Kew.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia !

Nile Land. Kov^ohxi. Kotschj ! ^cnn^r, Husson ; '[S-A)\x-v\-.\h\ii^ {Schiceinf.et Asch.
Enum.)

Loxver Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch .'

South Central. Lat. 23° S., Chapman avd Baines !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk!

Yar. efusa. Cymes confluent. 'N\^er, Barter ! M&di, Spei-e a»d Grant! Huilla, .An-
gola, Dr. Welwitsch Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

Ydx. parviflora. Erect, slender. Flowers smaller, golden-brown. Loand.i, Antrola. 7)r.
Welwitsch ! Perhaps a distinct species.

Occurs at the Cape, also in India, Australia, and the New World.

2. P. stellata, DC. Prod. iii. 374. An erect or diff"nsc herb, sometimes
repeatedly forked from the base, sometimes with numerous, erect, slender
branches given oft" above. Stem shortly tomentose-pubesccnt. Leaves
spreading, naiTOw-linear or linear-lanceolate, glabrous or pubescent, usually
with axillary leafy tufts. Stipules lanceolate or ovate-lanrcolate, finely
pointed. Flowers in rather compact, small, capitate, about 10 IC-flownrd

146 XVII. CARYOPHYLLACE^ (OLIVER). {l^olycarpfjen.

cymes, on widely divaricate, branching peduncles or singly terminating the
slender branches in the simpler forms. Sepals very acute, about twice as long
as the capsule, two to four times longer than the petals. — Mollia stellata,
Willd. ; Schum. et Thonn. Guin. PI. 186.
Upper Guinea. Niger, T. Vogel ! Ansell !

3 P. linearifolia, DC. Frod. iii. 374. An erect herb or decumbent
at the base w^ith erect, hoary-tomentose, more or less forked branches, from
about 1-3 ft. in height. Leaves in pairs or pseudo-verticils, linear or linear-
subulate, glabrous or thinly pilose with long subulate scarious stipules.
Flowers in dense, hemispherical or subglobose, many-tiowered, solitary or
loosely-panicled heads terminating the erect branches, -1-1 in. diam. Sepals
lanceolate, very acute, considerably exceeding the petals and 2-many-seeded
capside. — DC. Mem. Paronyc. t. 6.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Sieber ! Bidjem ! Niger, T. Vogel! and others.
Nile Land. Abyssiuia, &/uwj5£'/- / Kordofan, ^<9^,yc% ; Bahr-el-Abiad {Schweinf. et
yt.sr/i. EiiHvi.).

IjOT^rer Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Dr. Welwitsch !
Perhaps a congested variety of P. corymbosa.

4. P. glabrifolia, DC. Trod. iii. 374. An ascending or erect herb wdth
a tomentose or at length glabrate more or iess branched stem. Leaves
crowded or in rather remote pairs, linear-lanceolate, subacute or rather ob-
tuse, somewhat 3-nerved, glabrous, with silvery, ovate-lanceolate, finely-
pointed stipules. Flowers in compact, terminal, roundish, capitate, many-
ilowered cymes, solitary, or 2 or 3 together in our specimens. Sepals ovate,
acute, but not narrowed to a tine point as in the other tropical African species,
considerably exceeding the capsule. — DC. Mem. Paronyc. t. 5.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don I Grand Bassa, T. Vogel ! Senegal.
Nile Land. Kordofan, Kotschj {fFebb, Frag. Fl. Mh.).

5. P. fragilis, Delile ; DC. Prod. iii. 374. Hoary-puberulous or -to-
mentose herb of |-1 ft. Avith numerous spreading branches usually from a
woody nodose stock; lateral branches usually short. Leaves linear-lanceo-
late with re volute margins, conspicuously mucronate, hoary or tomentose.
Stipules silvery, membranous. Flowers in small, rather densely fascicled
cymes either terminal or lateral on the veiy short lateral branchlets. Sepals
ovate-elliptical, apiculate, rather thick and herbaceous with a broadly mem-
branous margin, exceeding the petals.

Nile Land. Nubia {Sckweinf. et Asch. Emim.).
Also in Egypt and Arabia.

6. P. spicata, Amott in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. (1839) 91. A glabrous
herb of 2-6 in. wdth straight spreading branches from the rosulate radical
leaves, each bearing a leafy tuft and umbellate peduncles terminating in dense
little fascicles of flowers, or, in small specimens, a single tuft of flowers after
1 or 2 pairs of reduced leaves. Leaves oblanceolate-spathulate, acute or
obtuse. Sepals scarious, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate WMtii a narrow coloured
median portion. Petals much shorter than the sepals, oblong, minutely
erose or emarginate. — P. staticcpformis, Hochst. et Steud. ; Webb, Frag. Fl.
.Eth. 40.

FohjcarpcEa:] xvii. caryopuyllackJ' (olivkk). 14 7

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia [Scliweinf. et Asch. Enitm.).
Also in Egypt, Arabia, and India.

7. P. prostrata, Decais)ie in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. ill. 203. A dif-
fuse, glabrous, rather "laucous herb of 3-8 in., tlie Literal branches spreading
or prostrate, repeatedly and rather laxly forking from tlie base. Leaves nar"^
rowly linear-spathulate or the upper linear, subacute or ratlier obtuse Sti-
pular scales inconspicuous, very minute. Flowers singly from the forks or
subfastigiate towards the extremities; lower pedicels usually exceeding or
equalling the tlower. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, with a broad mumh-
branous margin, the inner slightly longer. Petals nearly ecpudling the se|):ds,
ovate-elliptical, obtuse, entire, very shortly unguiculate.— //7-e;/rty//7 ? prostialn,
Ser., DC. Prod. i. 400. liobbairea proslrata, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 13.'i.

Nile Iiand. Xubia {Sckicevif. et Asch. Enum.).

I have not myself seen specimens collected south of the tropic.

Also in Egypt and Arabia.

12. SPH^ROCOMA, T. Anderson; Benth. et Hook. f. Cien. PI. i. 1 .", k

Sepals 5, strongly mucronate, serrulate. Petals 5, entire, shorter than
sepals. Stamens 5, inserted on a small annular disk. Ovary 1-celled, biovu-
hite ; style bifid. Utricle indehiscent, l-seeded. — A much-branched, gla-
brous, glaucous shrub of 1-2 ft. Leaves fleshy, terete, fascicled. Flowers
in pedunculate globose glomerules, densely setigerous from the accrescent se-
pals of the abortive Howers.

Based upon Arabian specimens of tlii> following spccies>: —

1. S. Hookeri, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Ifi. t. 3.

Nile Land. Nubia {ScJiweinf. et Asch. Eninn.).

Oeder XVIII. PORTULACE^ (by Prof. Oliver)

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals fewer than the petals, 2 in tro-
pical African species, free or aduate to the base of the ovary, ind)ricate, de-
ciduous or persisti^nt. Petals 4-5, rarely more, hypogyuous or perigynotis,
free or connate at the base, imbricate, usually fugacious. Stamens inserted
with the petals, definite or indefinite. Filaments filiform ; anthers 2-celled.
Ovary free or half-inferior, unilocular. Style 2-S-fid, the divisions longi-
tudinally stigmatose; ovules 2 or indefinite, from the base of the cavity or
from a free central column. Capsule membranous or crustaceous, dehiscing in
as many valves as styles or transversely, rarely indehiscent. Seeds 1 or more,
usually with a curved embryo surrounding a mealy albmuen. — Herbs (u-
shrubs, usually more or less succulent and glabrous. Leaves alternate or
opposite, entire, often succulent, with scarious or setose stii)ular appendices.
Flowers solitary or capitate and terniiiud, racemose or cymosely panicled, oc-
casionally axillary.

A rather small Natural Order, chiefly Anu-rican, with several cm* ra r.prcscntod ia the
Old World and two peculiar to the Cape Flora.

Ovary half-inferior. Flowers terminal solitary or fni^cicled 1. PoRTri.ACv.

Ovary free. Flowers racemose or panicled -' 1 ^^'^eM.

148 XVIII. PORTULACE,^ (oLIVER).

1. PORTULACA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 156.

Sepals 2, deciduous. Petals 4-6, perigynous, free or united. Stamens
4-8 or more, perigynous or epipetalous. Ovary half-inferior, multiovulate.
Style 2-3-8-fid. Capsule membranous or rather crustaceous, half-inferior,
with circumscissile dehiscence. Seeds reniform, compressed or subglobose,
granulate or smooth. — Pleshy spreading or erect herbs. Leaves alternate,
subopposite or opposite, often whorled around the flowers, with squamiform
or setose stipular appendages, plane or terete. Plowers terminal, solitary
or fascicled, sessile or pedicellate, yellow purple or red, rarely whitish.

Principally a tropical American genus with one or two species widely spread in both
hemispheres In waste and sandy places and a few peculiar to Australia or Africa. Two of
the new species discovered in Angola by Dr. Welwitsch are remarkable in this exceptional
genus in the extent to which their petals are connate and in their definite stamens and 2-
fid style.

Petals free or nearly so. Stamens 8 or more.

Leaves plane, oblanceolate, very obtuse. Stipules minute or obso-
lete. Floral squamae ovate 1. P. oleracea.

Leaves terete. Stipules minute, pilose. Flower-heads with nu-
merous setse 2. P.foliosa.

Leaves plane lanceolate or oblong-spathulate, rather acute. Joints

and flower-heads with numerous long setae 3. P. quadrifida.

Petals united more or less into a tubular or campauulate corolla.
Stamens 4, alternate with the corolla-lobes. Style 2-fid. (Herbs of
1-3 inches.)

Closely leafy, villous at nodes. Flowers in heads 4. P. saxifragoides.

Leaves spreading, oval ; naked at the axils. Flowers in forking

cymes 5. P. sedoides.

1. P. oleracea, Linn. ; DC. Prod. iii. 353. An annual herb with spread-
ing or prostrate succulent branches. Leaves fleshy, alternate or subopposite,
plane, oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, very obtuse, usually \-\\ in. in length.
Stipules minute or obsolete. Flowers small, yellow, in terminal, sessile, few-
flowered, solitary or loosely and cymosely panicled heads, surrounded by a
few membranous, ovate, acute squamae, and 2 or more involucral leaves.
Petals 5. Styles 5-6-fifl. Seeds granulate.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po and Niger, T. Vogel! Barter I

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Fetit ; White Nile, Petherick ! TJnyoro, Sjjeke ana Grant !
Lower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch!

Generally very common in sandy situations in warm climates all round the globe. The
well-known salad and pot-herb Purslane.

2. P. foliosa, Ker ; DC. Prod. iii. 353. Decumbent or erect, woody
below with more or less succulent leafy shoots and elongate peduncles.
Leaves alternate, fleshy, terete, \-i in. long with setose stipular appendages
generally inconspicuous. Plowers yellow, in few-flowered heads or solitai-y,
terminal or overtopped by lateral shoots from immediately below the flowei's,
surrounded by a tuft of setse and 4 or more involucral leaves. Seeds granu-
late.—Bot. Reg. t. 793. P. prolifm- , Schum. et Thonn. Guin. Pi. 239 {ex
d&scr.y

Upper Guinea. Niger, T. Vogel! Barter! Accra, Don. '

Lower Guinea. Pungo An<Jongo and Loanda, Dr. We/idtsc/i !
Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk!

Portulaca.'] xviii. poktulace.1^ ((jlivkk). 1 i'J

3. P. quadrifida, Liyin.; DC. Prod. iii. 351. A prostrate and rooting
or decumbent annual, conspicuously woolly at the joints. Leaves plane,
fleshy, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, usually rather acute, \'\ in. lon«^ with
long and numerous stipular setae. Flowers sessile, terminal, surrouiuled hy
an involucre of 4 or more leaves and numerous lanate setae. Pct;ils 4,
yellow, rarely rose or purple. Seeds tubcrcled. — 7^. (niceps. Rich. V\. Abyss.
i. 301. {? P. rediviva, Wawra and Peyritsch, Sert. Beng. 21.)

Upper Guinea. Confluence of Niger and Quorra, Durlrr !

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Petit.

Liower Guinea. Loanda (and Mossamedes ?), Angola, Dr. U't-licitsch !

Also an Indian plant. Dr. Welwitsch describes the stamens 12 in number wilh pilD-^c
filaments, and the style 4-cleft with patent or recurved segments. \Vawra and \\\ i ilsrh
describe their plant as with axillary flowers.

4. P. saxifragoides, JFehc. viss. A low herb of 1-3 in. witii spread-
ing or ascending, rather closely leafy branches, densely villous at the nodes,
annual (or from a rhizome of several years' duration?). Leaves fleshy, op-
posite, ovate, plano-convex, rather obtuse, sessile, 1-1^ lines long. Flowirs
whitish, in terminal involucrate heads. Sepals free above, about one-third
the length of the petals which are 4 in number united below into a tubular-
carapanulate corolla. Stamens 4, alternate with the petals. Style (iliforni,
2-fid. Capsules opening with a conical operculum, shining, few-seeded.
Seeds compressed, shining, punctate.

Ijower Guinea. Elevated rocky tracts, Pungo Andongo, Angola, Br. Wehrtlsch !
The above details arc derived from Dr. "Welwitsch's memoranda.

5. P. sedoides, JFelw. mss. A succulent erect or diff'use di-triehoto-
mous glabrous herb of 1-2 in., rose-purple or green, naked at the nodes.
Leaves opposite, fleshy, lanceolate or oval, 2-4 lines long. Flowers rose,
sessile, in forking leafy cymes. Corolla tubular with a 4-tid limb. Stamens
4, alternate with the lobes of the corolla, epipetalous ; anihers oblong. Style
filiform, 2-fid, Capsule membranous, subdepressed, 3-7-seeded. Seeds
subglobose.

liOwer Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsc/i !

2. TALINUM, Adans. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. IM. i. 1.".7.

Sepals 2, deciduous or subpersistent. Petals 5, hypogyiious. Stamens
indefinite, hypogvnous or adherent to the base of the |)etals. Ovary sii-
l)erior, multiovulate. Style 3-fid. Capside globose or ovoid, i)apery or
thinly crustaceoiis, dehiscing in 2-3 valves. Seeds conipressed or subglo-
bose, shining or radiate-striate.— Succulent glabrotis herbs or shrubs. Ixaves
plane, alternate or subopposite. Stipules 0. Flowers racemose or panicu-
late, rarely solitary.

A small genus, principally American, conliur.l l.. warm climates. One sp(cii:. is peculiar
to the CJape flora.

Lifioresceuce rac omsi' ur pa.iicvlate.
Leaves elliptic- or oblauccolatc-oblong, obtuse, emargiualr. Flowers

in a loose, forking, fcw-llowcred panicle ' I . nnxx,/.,!,,,....

150 xviii, POKTULACK/i: (OLIVER). [^Tulliium.

Leaves obovate-cuaeate, very obtuse, entire, apiculate. Flowers in

elongate racemes or racemose panicles 2. T. cuneifolium.

Flowers axillary, solitary, or peduncles t-jioioered.
Branches spreading, leafy. Leaves lanceolate to linear .... 3. T. Caffrum.

1. T. crassifolium, Willd.; DC. Prod. iii. 357. Woody below witii
succulent, erect, leafy, glabrous branches. Leaves fleshy, oblong-elliptical
or oblanceolate-obloug, narrowed below into the petiole, obtuse, entire or
emarginate and mucronulate, 2-3 in. long, ^-1^ in. broad. Flowers red,
in loosely forked, terminal, few-flowered, cyniose panicles. Bracts minute,
lanceolate or subulate. Sepals ovate acute or acuminate. Stamens indefi-
nite. Seeds compressed with radiate strise.

Upper Guinea. Niger, T. Voyel ! (cultivated ground about towns) Barter !
Also in South America and the West Indies. Dr. Grisebach unites T. crassifoUum and
T. triangulares Willd. (Fl. Brit. W. Indies, 56).

2. T. cuneifolium, Willd.; DC. Prod. iii. 357. A glabrous shrub
attaining several feet with erect rod-like branches, leafy below and terminating
in long racemes or racemose panii-les of purple flowers. Leaves fleshy, al-
ternate, obovate- or oblanceolate-cuneate or rotundate, narrowed into the
petiole, rounded above, entire, mucronate or apiculate, 1-2 in. long, ^-1 in.
broad. Raceme erect with scattered, 1-4-flowered, usually curved peduncles
much longer than the oval deciduous bracts, \-^ in. long. Sepals ovate-
rotundate, somewhat apiculate. Anther-cells free except at attachment.
Capsule globose, about the size of a pea, crustaceous. Seeds with radiate
strise.

Upper Guinea, Senegal !

Nile Liand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Unyoro, Speke and Grant '

IiO^rer Guinea. Loarida, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk!

Originally described from Arabian specimeus by Forskal. Nearly allied to, if not iden-
tical with T. indicum, W. et A., in the Indian specimens of which, however, the inflores-
cence is more panicled.

3. T. CafiFrum, E. and Z. ; Sond. iu Fl. Capensis, ii. 385. A succulent
leafy biennial or perennial herb from a thick, often several-headed root-stock
with spreading or subpatent glabrous branches. Leaves fleshy, lanceolate,
elliptic-lanceolate to oval or nearly linear, acute or subacute, mucronate, 1-1^
in. long, ^-^ in. broad ; petiole 1-2 lines or shorter. Flowers yellow or
sulphur, axillary, solitary ; peduncles exceeding or shorter than the leaves
with one or more pair of subulate bracts, occasionally 2- or even 3-flowered,
decurved above in fruit. For synonymy, see 'Flora Capensis,' ii. 385.

Iio^rer Guinea. Loanda, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Oeder XIX. TAMARISCINEJE (by Prof. Oliver).
Tribe Tamarisce^.
Flowers small, regular, usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5 (4-6), free, im-

\1X. TAMARISCINK.E ((JLIVER). 151

bricate. Petals as inaiiy, free or slightly connate nt the i)ase. Staim-ns 5-
10, free, inserted into a small, annular/hypogynous disk or connate at the
base, forming a ring around the base of the ovary (or monadelphous in an
extra-tropical African genus) ; anthers bilocular, dciiiscing longitndinallv.
Ovary free, 1 -celled, with as many multiovulate placentas from the ba^e of
the cavity as styles ; stigmas 3-4. Seeds with a sessile or stipitate crest of
long hairs, exalbuminous.— Mostly bushes or small trees with minute or
squaniiform leaves. Flowers white or rose, spic.iie or in crowd(-d racemes,
often panicled.

The principal Tribe of a small Order, most numerous around the McditeiraiK nn and in
temperate Asia.

1. TAMARIX, Linn.; Bcnth. et Hook. f. Gen. 1*1. i. lOU.

Characters of the Tribe ; differing from Myricaria, the only other genus
which it contains, |)rincipally in the stamens, which are free or coimate at
the base into a minute ring merely. Neither of the following are peculiar
to this Flora.

Branehlets not articulated. Leaves subulate, acute, \-2 lines. Kacerncs

usually crowded 1. T. galiica.

Branehlets apparently articulated. licaves reduced to the sheath and

oblique point. Racemes usually interrupted 2. 7. arliculata.

1. T. galiica^ Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 96. A bush or small tree with
slender erect or somewhat pendulous branches. Leaves subulate, acute, from
a triangular amplexicaul base, rarely over 2 lines long, usually much siiorter.
Flowers very numerous, crowded in slender lateral and terminal spicate ra-
cemes forming large paniculate masses of flower. Pedicels ecpialling or
shorter than the calyx, from a scale-like bract. Sepals ovate-deltoid, entire
or minutely denticulate, much shorter than the free petals. Styles 3, articu-
lated at the division ; lobes at length divergent. — T. indica, Willd. ; DC. 1. c.
T. senegalensis, DC. I. c. T. nilotica, Ehrenb. in Linneea, ii. 2<)1).

Upper Guinea. Seueijambia, Leprieur and Perrottet, B'ufji'm ! and others.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schhnper ! and others. Nile, lat. 16"^ N., Speke and Grant !

Grows also in the Atlautic islands, around the Mediterranean, and eastward to India.

2. T. articulata, Vahl ; DC. Prod.m. 96. A bush or small tree,
the slender ultimate branehlets usually hoary with a saline ettlorescenee from
the impressed-puuctate glands, ami closely jointed, each article oblicjue and
apiculate above, the leaves being reduced to their sheathing base, the live j)art
to a minute triangidar tooth. Flowers in spicate usually interrupted raecmes.
often less crowded than in T. gaUica, but various.

Nile Ijand. Nubia {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum.).

IjOTver Guinea. Mossamedcs and Bumba, Angola, Dr. W<'lwitsch !

South Central, 23^ S. lat., Cliupmau and Raines '.

Occurs south of the Tropic, also in North Afiica and eastward to India.

Order XX. ELATINE^ (by Pn.f. Oliver).
Flowers regular, hernuiphroditc. Sepal>^ -^ "« Uw, imlMi.Mi. 1'. t,il> a5

152 XX. ELATINE^ (oLIVER).

many, liypogynous, imbricate. Stamens as m^ny or twice as many as petals,
liypogynous, free; anthers 2 -celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary supe-
rior, with as many cells as sepals ; styles as many. Ovules indefinite, axile.
Capsule membranous or crustaceous, dehiscing by the septa into as many
valves as cells, which separate from the axile column of the ovary Avith or
without portions of the ruptured septa. Seeds straight or curved ; albumen

0 or very thin. Embryo with short cotyledons. — Herbs or undershrubs,
prostrate diffuse or aquatic. Leaves opposite or verticillate, entire or serrate,
stipulate. Flowers small, axillary.

A small Order of two genera, both widely spread in the warmer parts of the Old and
New World, though but one is represented in tropical Africa.

1. BERGIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 163.

Sepals usually 5, with an herbaceous midrib and membranous margins,
more or less acute or apiculate. Capsule rather crustaceous ; valves with
their margins incurved or plane. — Herbs or shrubs, prostrate or diffuse,
hispid pubescent or glabrous. Leaves opposite, serrate or entire. Flowers
solitary or fasciculate, axillary.

A small genus, widely dispersed in warm countries. None of the species are peculiar to
intertropical Africa.

Glabrous herb. Leaves oval. Flowers 1-2 lines. Stamens 10 . . \. B. verticilfata.
Annual herb. Leaves oblanceolate or elliptical to linear-oval, thinly

hispid or glabrate. Flowers 1 line or less, in dense verticillasters.

Stamens normally 5 2. B. ammanoides.

Annual herb. Leaves oval-oblong, acute, glabrous. Flowers 2-3

lines, solitary or geminate, on slender pedicels. Stamens 10 . . Z. B. polyantha.
Procumbent or ascending, from a woody stock. licaves linear to

linear-lanceolate, glabrous. Mowers 1-2 lines. Stamens 10 . . 4. B. decumhens.
Shrubby, at least below. Leaves oval to broadly elliptical, rather

thick, shortly hispid. Flowers about 2 lines long. Stamens 10 . 5. B. sufruticosa.

1. B. verticillata, Willd. ; DC. Prod. i. 390. Glabrous herb, i-1 ft.,
usually with procumbent branches rooting at the nodes. Leaves oval, nar-
rowed to each end, subacute or rather obtuse, finely or obscurely serrulate,
membranous or rather succulent, glabrous ; venation obscure, 1-2 in. long,
i-f in. broad ; petiole gradually dilating upwards, 1-3 lines ; stipules lan-
ceolate-deltoid, 1-2 lines. Flowers in sessile or subsessile, few- or many-
flow^ered axillary clusters. Sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, obliquely
mucronulate. Petals oval-oblong, equalling or exceeding the sepals. Sta-
mens 10 ; filaments narrow-linear or subulate, subequal. Ovary globose or
ovoid-globose ; styles very short.

Nile Iiand. Kordofan {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum.).

Also in Egypt and widely dispersed in the tropics of both hemispheres.

2. B. ammanoides, Both ; DC. Prod. i. 390. An erect or decumbent
more or less thinly pilose pubescent or shortly hispid annual, a few inches to

1 foot in height. Leaves from oblanceolate to linear-oval, narrowed to the
base or into the petiole, generally acute, sharply often distantly serru-
late or nearly entire, thinly hispid or glabrescent, |-1 in. in length, with
lanceolate or subulate stipules. Flowers small, in dense, often many-flowered

Bergia.'] XX. ELAUNiii: (oliver). 153

verticilhisters, subsessile or pedicels equalling or slightly exceeding the c<ilyx.
Sepals lanceolate to linear, very acute, pilose or hispid and ciliate, about (Mpial
to the thin oblanceolate petals. Stamens 5, occasionally varying with fewer
or more. Ovary globose ; styles very short. — B. peploides and B. pentandra,
Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 42, 44. B. erecLa, Guill. et Perr. I.e. (an erect
variety, with narrow linear-lanceolate sepals and petals).

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet !

Nile Ijand. Nubia, Kotschy ! Kordofan {Schweinf. et Asch. Enitm.), also var.
erecta.

An Indian weed, extending also to Australia.

3. B. polyantha, Soiid. in LinncBa, xxiii. 17. A diffuse, mucii-branched,
glabrous annual herb of 3-8 in. ; the lateral branches often procumbent.
Leaves slightly fleshy, oval-oblong, acute, the lower narrowed to tiie
base, denticulate at least towards the apex, usually -^-l in. long, -^-^ in.
broad. Stipules lanceolate. Flowers solitary or in pairs, on slender pedicels
exceeding or equalling the subtending leaf, about \ in. across when ex-
panded. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, very acute, nearly equalling
or sometimes exceeding the obtuse rose-coloured petals. Stamens 10.

Iio^ver Gnixxea. Mossamedes and Benguella, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !
Also at the Cape.

Scarcely, I think, specifically distinct from B. anagalloides^ E. Meyer, and nearly allied
to two Australian species.

4. B. decumbens, Blanch.; Harv. ei Sand. Fl. Cap. i. 116. A pro-
cumbent or ascending herb, branching from a woody stock ; branches tetrago-
nous towards the extremities, puberulous. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate,
acute, narrowed to the base, sharply serrate, glabrous or with few minute
setae, 1 in. long more or less, yV'^i ^^^- broad. Stipules subulate or linear,
denticulate. Flowers in few- or many-flowered verticillasters, much shorter
than the leaves ; pedicels exceeding or equalling the flowers. Sepals oblong-
lanceolate membranous-margined, with a firm, subulate, at length spreading
acumen, equalling the oblanceolate petals. Stamens twice as many as petals,
nearly equal ; filaments alternately dilated below. Ovary 5-sulcate, narrowed
above into the styles. — Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 24.

Mozaxub. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !
Also south of the tropic.

5. B. suffruticosa, Fenzlin Denkschr. But. Gesell. iii. 183. Shrubby
decumbent or spreading, usually with very numerous opposite branchlcts. at
first shortly hispid; the bark at length somewhat glabrate and deciduous in
papery cinnamon- or rust-coloured flakes. Leaves rather thick, varying from
broadly elliptical, in the more rigid small-leaved forms, to oval, obtuse or
subacute, crenate-serrulate, the margin often revolute, shortly hispid on l)otli
sides and often glandular, often fascicled in the axils, sessile or narrowed to
the base and subpetiolate, 1-4 lines long. Flowers solitary or in fascicles
of 2 to 6 or 8 ; pedicels shorter than or but slightly exceeding the ovate,
thickened above and pointed or apiculate sepals. Petals obovate-oblonj^.
Stamens 10, alternately shorter or nearly equal ; filaments opposed to the
sepals slightly dilated below. Ovary ovoid, 5-sulcatc, narrowed into the

154 XX. ELATINE.K (olivkk). iBerr/ia.

styles. Seeds shining, terete, slightly curved. Lancretla siiffruticosa, Del.
pi. d'Egypte, Atlas, t. 25.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Heudelot !

North Central. Kouka, E. Vogel ! (a decumbent less woody form).

Nile Land. By the Nile, lat. 16° N., Speke and Grant! Sennar, Kotschy !

Variety (?) with oval subacute leaves, narrowed to the base, ^-} in. long.

Also an Egyptian shiub, extending to western India.

Bergia abyssinica, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 49, is a species of Po/licJna.

Order XXI. HYPERICINE^ (by Prof. Oliver.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate in aestivation. Pe-
tals as many, hypogynous, imbricate, often contorted. Stamens indefinite,
hvpogynous, usually more or less distinctly connate in 8 or 5 oligo- or poly-
androus phalanges or monadelphous or wholly free ; anthers 2-celled, dehis-
cing- longitudinally. Ovary 3-5-celled or subunilocnlar owing to non-cohe-
sion of the placentas (in Endodesm'ia monocarpellary, 1-celled) ; styles free or
more or less connate ; stigmas terminal, usually clavate or capitate. Ovules
indefinite, 2-seriate or few or solitary, erect, horizontal (or pendulous in En-
dodesmia). Fruit a capsule, dehiscing septicidally, rarely loculicidally, or
baccate and indehiscent. Seeds straight or curved, exarillate, exalbuminous.
Embryo with semi-cylindrical or convolute cotyledons, longer or shorter than
the radicle. — Shrubs or herbs, rarely trees. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate,
entire or glandular-toothed, often with opaque or translucent immersed
glands, exstipulate. Flowers usually cyniose, yellow or white.

A considerable Order, widely dispersed in temperate and tropical countries. Three genera
are confined to Africa and the adjacent eastern islands. Endodesm'ia is monotypic and
very anomalous in the Order, but it is difficult to find a better place for it.
Fruit a capsule, dehiscing septicidally. Petals glabrous within . . 1. Htpericum.
Fruit drupaceous or baccate, indehiscent.

Petals glabrous. Stamens connate in a tube, densely covered

with anthers inside 2. Endodesmia.

Petals hairy within. Stamens in 5 phalanges.

Ovules solitary (or geminate ?) 3. Psorospermum.

Ovules 2-4. Endocarpbony. (Flowers small, in broad, many-
flowered, corymbose cymes) 4. Haronga.

Ovules about 5, ascending or indefinite, 2-seriate. Fruit

baccate 5. Vismia.

1. HYPERICUM, Linn. : Benth. et Hook, f Gen. PI. i. 166.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, glabrous. Stamens free or shortly tri-polyadelphous,
with or without hypogynous glands. Ovary 1-celled, with 3-5 parietal pla-
centas or more or less completely 3-5-celled; styles free or united ; ovules
indefinite, rarely definite or few. Capsule dehiscing by the septa or placentas.
Seeds oblong cylindrical or elongate, straight or a little curved, unappendaged.

Herbs shrubs or arborescent. Leaves usually entire and punctate.

Flowers usually yellow, terminal, solitary or in corymbose or paniculate
cymes.

lli/ljericitm.'] XXI. hyi'i;hu:in k.k (olivkk). 155

A large genus, widely spread in the uorlherii tenipfrate zone and fn-qm-nt in the i
niountaiu ranges of intertropical countriis. Of the tropical African species, 5 appear to be
peculiar to Abyssinia. It is not improbable that future gatherings may render it necessdry
to reduce sorae of the following as forms of variable species.

Procumbent wiry herb. Leaves elliptical, \ in. Flowers solitary

with leafy sepals. Styles 5 1. H. prplidifolium.

Cffispitose herb of 1-2 ft. Leaves 1-1^ iu., puberulous. Styles 3 2. //. intunnedium.
Ca'spitose herb of 2-10 in. Leaves \-^ in., glabrous. Styles 3 . 3. II. Lil.nirlii.
Shrubs or arborescent. Flowers large.

Flowers solitary. Leaves oval, ^-1 in. Sepals ^^ in. . . . 4. H. lanrculatnm.
Flowers in few- or mauy-tlowered cymes.

Styles united throughout ; stigma capitate. Leaves oblong-
elliptical, 1-3 in. Sepals \-\ in 5. //. QiiarCmiunuin.

Styles united nearly to the 5-tid apex. Leaves oblong-ellip-
tical, narrowed to the base, \\-i in. Sepals x^-^y in. . . 6. H . Schiinperi.
Styles 5, united three-quarters or more. Leaves oval-lanceo-
late, 1-1 2" in. Sepals i--^ in 7- II. f/iiidiafolium.

Styles 3, divaricate. Leaves oblong, obtuse, apiculate, gla-
brous. Virgate undershrub 8. //. chrysodictum .

1. H. peplidifolium. Rich. 11. Abyss, i. 95. A procumbent, glabrous,
wiry herb, with elongate terete branches. Leaves small, subscssile or very
shoftly petioled, elliptical, obtuse, entire at the base, punctate, paler and glau-
cous beneath, \ in. long or less, ^ in. broad. Piowers small, terminal, soli-
tary, on short pedicels {^-^ in. or Jess), with unequal foliaceous sepals ;
the outer ovate obtuse, inner narrower, with intramargiual dots. Styles 5,
free from the base.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimpei' ! Dillon and Petit !

2. H. intermedium, Sleitd. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 95. Herb of 1-2 ft.,
with erect, csespitosc, puberulous or glabrate, terete stems, from a woody or
wiry stock. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptical, obtuse or the upper
rather acute, sessile, with a slightly cordate, clasping, more or less rouiuled
base, puberulous on both sides or glabrous above, with numerous transluci'iit
dots, 1-1-| in. long, \-\ in. broad. Flowers numerous, in terminal panicu-
late cymes, less than 1 in. diam. Sepals linear-lanceolate, nearly \ in., with
proihiuent, marginal, blnck-tippcd glands. Styles 3, free from the base, as
long or longer than the ovary. Seeds oblong- or cylindric-clavate terete. —
//. aiumarium^ Boiss. Diag. Scr. i. 8. 114. //. gracile, Boiss. Diag. Ser. 2.
V. 70.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Roth ! Dillon !

I have no hesitation in identifying with H. intei^mediinn the plants of Asia Minor de-
scribed by Boissier under the names above quoted. It is nearly allied to //. lanuffinosum,
Lam., as well as to the Indiau H. adenophorum.

3. H. Lalandii, Chois. ; DC. Prod. i. 550. A more or less tufted
glabrous herb of 2 or 3 to 8 in. ; flowering branches erect or decund)ent be-
low, slender, angular, leafy. Leaves lanceolate- or linear-oblong, rather ob-
tuse or acute, ascending'or appressed, 1 -nerved, glandular-dotted, 3 -4 lines
long. Flowers in dichotomous cymes ; sepals lanceolate, entire. Styles 3,
distinct.

156 XXI. HYPERiciNE^ (oliver). \_HypericHm.

liower Guinea. Hiiilla, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch!

A Cape species. The Himalayan H.foetidum, Hook. f. and Thorns, mss., appears to me
identical.

4. H. lanceolatuxn. Lam. Encycl. iv. 145. A shrub or small tree of
20-30 feet, wholly glabrous; the young leafy twigs angular or at first very
narrowly winged. Leaves numerous, spreading, often rather crowded,
narrowly oval or linear-oval, acute or mucronate, impunctateor with scattered
or intramarginal translucent dots, venation often subtranslucent, \-\ in.
long, 1-2 (occasionally 3-4) lines broad. Flowers 1^-2 in. across, solitary,
terminating the leafy, often very numerous, branchlets. Sepals broadly
ovate-elliptical or -rotundate, obtuse or obtusely apiculate, thinly bordered
with minute glands and often dark intramarginal dots, \-\ in. Petals much
exceeding the sepals, obliquely oblanceolate-oblong or obovate. Stamens
very shortly and often indistinctly connate at the base, in 5 phalanges.
Ovary glabrous, ovoid. Styles 5, united from one-third to three-quarters
from the base, rarely nearly free. Seeds very numerous, linear-elongate,
often variously curved. — H. angustifolium, Lam. 1. c. ? H. leucopfychodes,
Steud. ; Rich.'Pl. Abyss, i. 96.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 7000-10,000 ft., and Camaroons mountain, 4000-
8000 ft. (the latter with deeply divided styles), Mami !

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, various mountainous localities, Schimper ! Roth !
Mozanxb. Distr. Manganya hills, Dr. Meller !

Occurs also in Bourbon ; some specimens from whence have leaves 1^-2 in. long, and
the sepals less broadly ovate and more acute, but the ordinary continental form grows also
in the island.

5. H. Quartinianum, T^j'c^. Fl. Abyss. \.^1. A glabrous, rather glau-
cous shrub. Leaves oblong-elliptical, rather acute, sessile, with a narrowly
or scarcely amplexicaul base, usually with scattered, scarcely translucent dots
and black intramarginal glands, 1-3 in. long, -^1 in. broad. Flowers 2-2|
in. diam., in few- or many- flowered corymbose or terminal cymes. Sepals
^1 in. long (or sometimes very little longer), ovate-lanceolate or -oblong,
rather acute, with intramarginal black dots and sometimes glandular serra-
tures. Petals ample, much exceeding the sepals. Styles 5, united through-
out; stigma capitate, 5-lobulate. Ovary 5-celled. — H. affine, Steud. ms.
in Herb. Rich. H. Roeperianum, Schimp. ; Rich. 1. c. 96.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Dillon and Petit !

H. Rxperianum appears to be a form with the oval -lanceolate leaves more narrowed to
the base, and scarcely or not at all amplexicaul. Other specimens in the Richardian Her-
barium of Count Franqueville indicate this to be a variable species in the size and form of
the leaves and sepals.

6. H. Schimperi, Hochsl. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 97. A glabrous shrub.
Leaves oblong-elliptical or elliptic-lanceolate subacute or rather obtuse, nar-
rowed or rounded to the base, which is very narrowly amplexicaul, but not
cordate, with numerous translucent often linear glands, pfiler beneath, 1^-3
in. long, I. to nearly 1 in. broad. Flowers 1-2 in. diam., in terminal cymes.
Sepals very short, 1-2 (-3) lines, triangular-ovate, acute or rather obtuse,
with black glandular dots within the margin. Styles 5, elongate, united

Hypericum.'] xxi. hypericinej: (oliver). 157

nearly to the shortly 5-fi(l apex. Seeds oblongr-cylindricnl, sliortly npiculate
at each end.

Nile I«and. Abyssinia, in rocky mountainous places, Schiinperl Petit!

Var. 3. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2^ in. by 1 in. Flowers in a bruad cyme.

Ankober, Abyssinia, Roth !

Var. 7. Sepals 2-3 lines. Petals broader.

laower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Distinguished by its small sepals.

7. H. gnidiaefoliuniy Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 98. A glabrous shrub with
terete extremities. Leaves approximate, oval-lanceolate, acute, narrowed
slightly to the base, glabrous, rather glaucous beneath, with numerous trans-
lucent, often linear glands, 1-1|- in. long, \-\ in. broad, rarely larger on the
flowering branches. Flowers about 1^ in. across in 3-5-flowered terminal
cymes. Sepals, outer ovate, inner broadly oval, subacute or rather obtuse,
with or without dark intramarginal immersed glands ; the inner about 4
lines long. Petals narrow oval. Styles 5, united three-fourths of their lengtii
or rather more.

Nile Ijaud. Abyssinia, Lillon and Petit !

H. mysorense, Wt. and Arn., of India, is closely allied, but generally has the stamens
nearly or quite free.

8. H. chrysostictum, Webb, Frag. Fl. Mhiop. 54. Yirgate glabrous
undershrub ; extremities slender, ancipitous. Leaves sessile, oblong, obtuse,
apiculate, glabrous ; margin slightly crisped, subrevolute. Cymes few-
flowered. Sepals linear-oblong, narrowed above, mucronulate, glabrous, one-
third as long as the narrow petals. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, reticulate with
white lines. Styles 3, divaricate.

Nile Land. Sennar? {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum.).
1 have not seen a specimen.

2. ENDODESMIA, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 106.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, glabrous or nearly so, contorted in aestivation. Sta-
mens very numerous, in 5 phalanges, which are connate in a cylindrical
nearly entire or 5-toothed tube, closely lined with the subscssile or stipitate,
apiculate anthers. Pistil monocarpellary ; ovary 1-celled, witli a single pen-
dulous ovary, narrowed into the subulate-filiform .style. Fruit drupaceous,
indehiscent with a rather thin pericarp. Seed pendulous, exalbuminous ;
cotyledons oblong, plano-convex, thick and fleshy ; radicle minute. — A shrub
or small tree. Leaves coriaceous, opposite, without a connecting inter-
petiolar line, entire, acuminate, glabrous, impunctate, with transverse, closely
parallel lateral veins. Flowers yellow, in terminal corymbose cvmes.

But a single species is knoA\ni, confined to equatorial W. Africa.

1. E. calophylloideSy Benth. in Gen. VI. i. 166. Branches iereir,
smooth, with an evanescent glaucous bloom. Leaves oval- oi lanceolate-
oblong, with a slender, rather obtuse, acumen, 2-3^ in. long, \-\\ in. broad ;
petiole about 2 lines. Flowers about \ in. when expanded, on pedirrU .-t

158 XXI. HYPERiciNE.E (oliver). [^Eudodesniia .

length much thickened, equalling or shorter than the calyx. Drupe rather
oblique, oblong, narrower above, about f in. in length.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon and Camaroons rivers, Mann !

Remarkable in the Order in its peculiar venation, which resembles that of the genus
Galophyllum.

3. PSOROSPERMUM, Spach ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 167.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, usually villous Avithin. Stamens 5-adelphous ; pha-
langes opposite to the petals, oligandrous ; squamse 5, alternating with the
phalanges. Ovary 5-celled ; styles distinct ; stigmas clavate-capitate ; ovules
solitary (or geminate), ascending. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. Seeds erect,
unappendaged ; testa (at least sometimes) with conspicuous immersed
glands ; embryo straight ; cotyledons convolute or ]3lauo-convex, radicle
short. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, sometimes with iuterpetiolar con-
necting lines. Flowers in terminal or lateral cymes.

A genus of 10 or 12 species confined to Tropical Africa and Madagascar. See rcuuiilvs
under Vistnia. I have not identified any of the following with insular species : —

Densely tomentose. Leaves alternate or opposite, elliptical or ob-
long-elliptical \. P. senegalense.

Extremities tomentose or glabrous. Leaves rather coriaceous, broadly
elliptical to oblong, obtuse or broadly acute, reticulate and glabrous
or rusty-tomentose beneath. Petiole 1-2 Hues or 0 2. P.fehr'ifiKjvm.

Glabrous. Leaves submembranous, elliptical, acute or obtusely acu-
minate. Flowers in terminal cymes. Petiole 2-3 lines . . . 3. P. ienuifolinw .

Glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, obovate-elliptical, lower alternate.

" Panicles axillary or lateral." Petiole 4-6 lines 4. V . alter nifoliuvi .

1. P. senegalense, Spach in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. v. 16-t. Shrub ;
the branches and young leaves clothed with a pale rusty-brown tomentum,
deciduous on the old wood and partially on the upper surface of the leaves,
which are opposite or alternate, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, subacute or
obtusely apiculate, narrowed or rounded at the base, but not cordate, 2-3^
in, long, 1-1 1 in. broad ; petioles 2-3 lines. Flowers densely tomentose,
in axillary and terminal umbellate panicles shorter than the leaves or collected
in terminal corymbose panicles a little exceeding the uppermost leaves. To-
mentose pedicels equalling or twice as long as the calyx. Stamens 5-8 in
each phalange. Ovules solitary, ascending. — Fl. Seneg. t. 23 {exchisive of
the dissectio?is). {Vismia giiineeiisis, Chois. Monog. Hyper. 36 ?)

Upper Guinea. Sencgambia ! Sierra Leone, Hntton ! Niger, Barter !

2. P. febrifugum, Spach in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. v. 163. A shrub or
small tree. Extremities rusty pubescent-tomentose at first or rarely gla-
brous. Leaves usually opposite, rarely ternate, rather coriaceous, narrowly
or broadly elliptical, broadly pointed or obtuse, rarely broader above the
middle, more or less rounded, subcordnte, sometimes slightly narrowed to
the base, soon glabrous and shining above, thinly pubescent or midrib only
pubescent and finely reticulated with paler areolae beneath, 1-4 in. long, f-2
in. broad; petioles 1-2 lines or leaves subsessile, iuterpetiolar line obsolete.
Flowers tomentose or nearly .glabrous, in small terminal cymes often upon

Paorospermum.'] xxi. iiypericine.e (oliver). 159

short lateral braiichk'ts or overtopped by lateral shoots, sonietiincs many-
flowered and corymbose. Stamens 5-10 in each phalanp^e. Ovnh-s solitary
erect or occasionally in pixirs.— P. ferrNf/ifieiiM, Hook. f. Fl. XiLTit. 241.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Bon !

Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith ! Angola, Dr. Welwit.srli 1

Mozamb. Distr. Manganja Hills, Zambesi-land, Lrs. Kirk and Metier!

Var. glabra. Leaves occasionally oblong or oblanccolate. Niger, Barter '

Var. albida. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, whiUsh beneath, lluilla, Angola, Dr. Wet-

tcitsch I Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

Psorosperniiim Afzelii, very imperfectly described by Turczaninow in Hull. Mosc. xxxvi.

579, is probably P./ebrifiigum. If not, it maybe Vismia Lconensis, but I have no means

of determining..

This appears to be a widely spread and variable species, or, as I here leave it, pos.^ibly an
assemblage of 2 or 3 species.

3. P. tenuifolium. Hook. f. Fl. NigrU. 242. A perfectly jrhibrous
shrub. Leaves rather membranous, opposite, elliptical, narrowed at eaei-
end, obtusely apiculate or shortly acuminate or rather acute, punctate with
opaque glands, 2|— 4 in. long, 1-lf in. broad; petioles 2-3 lines long, con-
nected by a faint interpetiolar line. Flowers in terminal corymbose or sub-
umbellate cymes shorter than the upper leaves ; pedicels rather longer than
to twice as long as the sepals. Sepals rather obtuse, glabrous or ciliolate
above. Stamens about 5-7 in each phalange. Ovary 5 -celled ; ovules
solitary, erect (or geminate, Fl. Nigrit. I.e.). — Fl. Nigrit. t. 21.

Upper Guinea. '^\^t\\ T. Vogel ! Barter! Mann! Brass, Barter! Old Calabar,
Thomson !

Nile Land. Sennar, Cienkoioski.

The eastern plant is described under a ms. name given by the late Dr. Kotschy in Schwein-
furth's lieitr. Fl. iEthiop.,,: 235, as a distinct species, P. niloticum. The alleged specific
characters arc slight. The leaves are said to be more nearly sessile, less membranous and
rounded or subcordate at liase. I have not seen specimens.

4. P. alternifolium. Hook. f. Fl. Nigril. 243. A perfectly glabrous
shrub with elongate, slender, terete, glaucous branches. Leaves coriaceous,
the lower alternate, shining above, obovate-elliptical, obtuse or apiculate, more
or less cuneate at base, 4-7 in. long, 2^-4 in. broad ; petioles 4-G lines.
Flowers in di-trichotomous lateral panicles, Sepals glabrous, rather obtuse.
Stamens about 10-12 in each narrow-linear pilose phalange; ovules solitary
(sub-biovulate, Fl. Nigrit.). Seeds with folded cotyledous.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don !

I have seen but a very imperfect specimen, so that most of the above description is taken
from the ' Niger Flora.'

4. HARONGA, Thouars ; Benth. et Hook. f. (icn. PI. i. UW

Sepals 5. Petals 5, villous above on the inner side. Stamens 5-adeK
phous, phalanges opposite to the petals, 3-oligandrous ; v,,juama? 5, alternat-
ing with the phalanges. Ovary 5 -celled. Styles distinct above ; stigmas
capitate; ovides 2-4, ascending. Drupes small, globose, each carpel with a
bony endocarp, containitig 2 4 seeds. Seeds eglandular, terete: riiduyo

160 XXI. HYPERICINEyE (oLIVER). \^Haronga.

with tlie radicle equalling or rather shorter than tlie cotyledons. — A shrub or
tree with opposite entire leaves connected by a rather prominent interpetiolar
ridge. Flowers small, in broad corymbose terminal cymes.

The following is the only species of the genus, limited to Africa and its islands.

1. H. madagascariensis, Chois. ; DC. Prod. i. 541. A shrub or
sometimes arborescent, attaining 30-50 ft. Branches rusty or hoary with a
short deciduous tomentum or hoary-pubenilous. Leaves opposite, ovate-ob-
long or -elliptical, acute or apiculate, rounded sometimes very broadly or
even cordate at the base, usually more or less rusty-tomentose when younof,
early glabrous or glabrescent above, tomentose or nearly glabrous and usually
much paler or g-laucescent with rather prominent midrib and secondary
veins below, 3-6 m. long, l|-3 in. broad (or occasionally larger, 10 in. by 5
in.); petioles -^-f in. Berries smooth, the size of small pepper-grains.—
Lam. 111. t. 645. Arungana panicidata, Pers. Syn. PI. ii. 91. Paoro-
spermum Leonense, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. xxxvi. 57 S {ex descr.).

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ! Sierra Leone, Barter ! Feraando Po, T. Vogel ! and
others ; Grand Bassa, T. Voyel ! Old Calabar, Mann !

Lower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Welwitsch !

Mozanxb. Distr. Mozambique, Forbes I Zambesi, Peters, {ex Klotzsch, who gives
synonymy.)

Also in Madagascar and Mauritius.

5. VISMIA, Veil. ; Beuth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 166.

. Sepals 5. Petals 5, usually villous within. Stamens 5-adelphous, pha-
langes opposite to the petals, oligo- or polyandrous ; squama? 5, alternating
with the phalanges. Ovary 5-celled (or placentas imperfectly cohering) ;
styles distinct; stigmas clavate-capitate. Ovules indefinite biseriate, or about
5, ascending. Berry indehiscent. Seeds horizontal or ascending, terete,
eglandular, unappendaged. Embryo straight or slightly curved. — Shrubs or
trees. Leaves opposite, entire, more or less glandular-punctate, the petioles
connected by a transverse line or ridge. Flowers in terminal or axillary
cymes.

Principally a South American genus. Very nearly allied to Psorospermum, but until
we obtain both flower and fruit of the following species and of the species described under
Psorospermum, it may be convenient to distinguish the genera by the number of the ovules.
When the fruits of all shall have been collected, it is probable some use may be made of the
form of the cotyledons and presence or absence of glands in the testa.

Leaves with a cordate base. Stamens 4-6 iu each phalange. Ovules

about 5 in each cell \. V. ruhescens.

Leaves acute, cuneate or rounded not cordate at the base.

Extremities rusty-tomentose. (Stamens 20-40 in each phalange ?)

Ovules 10-12 2. V. Leonensis.

Extremities glabrous or with a pilose ring at insertion of lateral
branches.
Leaves membranous. Cymes rounded, 1-li in. across .... 3. F. affinis.
Leaves rather coriaceous. Cymes corymbose, 2-3 in. across . '. . 4. F. frondosa.

1. V. rubescens, Oliv. A climbing shiiib attaining 20 ft. with terete'
smooth opposite branches, at first minutely puberulous, soon glabrous.

Vismia.'] xxi. hypekicine^ (oliver). 161

Leaves rather coriaceous, opposite, broadly elliptical, apiculate, with a cordate
base, punctate with numerous opaque glands, glabrous, or prominent midrib
obsoletely puberulous beneath, 3-4 in. long, 2-.'^^ in. broad; petioles 2-4
lines, connected by a prominent or winged interpetiolar ridge. Inflorescence
paniculate, trichotomous, equalling or exceeding the leaves, consisting of
numerous small, subumbellate flowers on pedicels about equalling the sc-pals.
Sepals ovate-lanceolate, rather obtuse, half as long as the petals, nearly
glabrous, with conspicuous black glands. Stamens 4-6 in each linear pha-
lange. Glands thick, notched, rather shorter than the ovary. Ovary sub-
5-locular, the placentas imperfectly cohering ; ovules about 5 in each cell,
ascending.

Upper Guinea. River Muni, Mann !
I have not seen the fruit.

2. V. leonensis. Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 243. A small tree. Leafy
branchlets opposite, rusty-pubescent at first. Leaves opposite, rather coria-
ceous, elliptical or elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed to each extremity, glabrous
above, obsoletely pubescent or glabrescent beneath, rusty-pubescent on expan-
sion, 2-4 in. long, ^-\\ in. broad ; petioles 2-3 lines long, connected by a
faint interpetiolar ridge. Flowers in pedunculate umbellate axillary panicles
or cymes or from the axils of and shorter than the last pair of leaves ; pe-
dicels pubescent, three to four times as long as the sepals. Sepals ovate-
oblong, obtuse, concave, obtusely keeled, about half as long as the petals,
v^'hich are densely pilose within. Stamens numerous (20-40 in the Bagroo
plant) in each phalange; filaments free above on the outer side. Ovary
5-celled ; ovules 10-12 in each cell, biseriate, the lower horizontal, the upper
ascending. Seeds in-egularly compressed, 6 or more in each cell of the fruit.
~— Hypericum guineense, Linn. Amoen. Acad. vii. 321. t. 8. fig. 1 ?

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, T. Yogell Bagroo river, Mann!
Dr. Vogel described this species as cultivated. As the Bagroo specimens are in flower
only and those from Sierra Leone in young fruit, it is possible that they may prove distinct.

3. V. affinis, Oliv. A small tree. Extremities slender, glabrous and
apparently somewhat glaucous, with a ring of short tufted rusty hairs at the
origin of the axillary ramuli. Leaves opposite, very thinly coriaceous or
membranous, elliptical, usually more or less acute or slightly acuminate, nar-
rowed or broadly cuneate at the base, obsoletely and remotely undulate-cre-
nate, glabrous, l|-3 in. long, \-\\ in. broad (occasionally 4 by \\ in.) ;
petiole 1-3 lines. Cymes somewhat umbellate, shortly pedunculate, 1-1^
in. diam. Peduncle \ in. or shorter; pedicels equalling or exceeding the
flower, with the calyx rusty-toraentose. Sepals not perceptibly keeled, ob-
long- or ovate-lanceolate. Stamens about 7 in each phalange. Ovules ap-
parently 4-8 in each cell. Ripe fruit not seen.

Ijower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. JFelmtsch !

Nearly allied in all technical characters to V.frcndosa, though with a distinct fades,
owing to the smaller, more elliptical, and much thinner leaves and much smaller cymes, ll
may prove a variety, though I find no intermediate forms to justify me in uniting it to that
species.

4. V. frondosa, Oliv. A small spreading tree. Branches glabrous,
VOL. I. o

162 XXI. HYPERiciNE^ (oliver). [Fismla.

the younger lateral ramuli with a ring of rusty hairs at their insertion. Leaves
rather coriaceous, oblong-elliptical or elliptical, acute or acuminate ; base
slightly narrowed or cuneate at the petiole, glabrous, shining above, 2^^^ in,
long, 1 j-2 in. broad ; petiole 2-3 lines. Flowers in rather broad, dichoto-
mous, raany-Howered, terminal cymes, 2-3 in. across, on a peduncle of |— 1
in. ; pedicels ^-^ in. with the calyx rusty-tomentose. Sepals ecarinate.
Stamens about 8 in each phalange. Ovules 6-9 in each cell of the ovary.
Fruit not seen.

liOwer Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. IFehvitsch !

Oeder XXII. GUTTIFERiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers regular, dioecious, polygamous or hermaphrodite. Sepals 2-6,
imbricate or in decussate pairs. Petals 2-6, rarely more, usually much im-
bricated or contorted. Male fl. : Stamens usually indefinite, hypojfvnous ;
filaments free or variously connate, monadelphous or in as many phalanges
as petals ; anthers various. Female fl. : Staminodia various. Ovary 1-2-
oo-celled ; ovules 1, 2, or indefinite, axile or erect from the base of the ca-
vity, rarely parietal (^Allanblackia) ; stigmas as many as cells of the ovary
or variously consolidated, sometimes peltate, entire, sessile, subsessile or with
more or less elongate style. Fruit usually baccate, indehiscent with a fleshy
or pulpy pericarp. Seeds large, exalbuminous ; embryo of a large radicle
{tigella) with small or obsolete cotyledons or of tliick conferruminate or free
cotyledons and very short inferior radicle. — Trees or shrubs abounding in a
yellow or greenish juice. Leaves opposite, coriaceous or submembranous,
rarely verticillate, usually exstipulate. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary
fascicled subracemose or panicled, white yellow or red.

A large and exclusively tropical family, more abundant iu America and Asia than in
Africa. Two of the following genera are endemic.

Ovary 1 -celled with indefinite ovules on 5 parietal placentas ... 1. Allanblackia.
Ovary with 2 or more cells.

Ovules 3 or more in each cell. Ovary 5 -celled.

Sepals 3, much, shorter than convolute petals 2. Symphonia.

Sepals 5, inner larger, nearly equalling the petals 3. Pentadesma.

Ovules solitary.

Sepals 4, iu decussate pairs 4, Garcinia.

Sepals 5 5. Xanthochymus.

Ovules 2 in each cell. Calyx closed before flowering, at length

bipartite 6. Ochrocarpus.

1. ALLANBLACKIA, Oliv. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 980.

Flowers unisexual. Sepals 5, broadly imbricating, the outer successively
smaller. Petals 5, obovate-cuneate. Male fl. : Stamens 5-adelphous, pha-
langes cuneate-spathulate, opposite to the petals, polyandrous ; anthers ses-
sile or subsessile, broadly elliptical or rotundate, 2-celled, dehiscing longitu-
dinally, unappendaged. Central disk (rudiment of ovary) deeply 5-lobed ;
lobes alternate with the phalanges, deeply tuberculate-corrugate on the upper
face. Female fl. : Rudimentary phalanges very short and thick. Ovary
conical, thick, unilocular, with 5 parietal placentas ; stigma sessile or sub-

Allanblackia.'] xxii. guttifeejb (oliver). 163

sessile, peltate, smooth, entire ; placentas slightly projecting, free throughout,
each with about IS^-ZO biseriate, heraianatropous, ascending ovules witli an
inferior micropyle. Ripe fruit not seen. (Young fruit elongate-conical,
crowned with the persistent stigma.) — A glabrous tree with opposite, rather
coriaceous, peuniveined leaves. Flowers in terminal or subterminal umbel-
late racemes or panicles, l|-2 in. diam.
A raonotypic genus known only from Biafra.

1. A. floribunday Oliv. in Jo urn. Linn. Soc. x. 43. A tree of 40 fl.
with terete branches. Leaves oblong-elliptical or slightly ovate-oblong, more
or less contracted to the acuminate or apiculate apex, rounded Or sometimes
subcordate at the base, with a prominent midrib beneath and numerous pa-
rallel scarcely prominent lateral veins, 4-6 in. long, li-2| in. broad; petiole
^-^ in. Flowers rather numerous, about \\ in. diam., in terminal rather
umbellate racemes or subpaniculate, the leafy axis sometimes produced
beyond the inflorescence ; peduncles stout, 1^-2 in. long, 1-3 together, from
the axils of the uppermost reduced leaves. Sepals coriaceous, orbicular,
concave, the outermost much smaller than the inner and sometimes slightly
lower than the rest. Petals obovate-cuneate, twice as long as the inner
sepals and exceeding the phalanges in the male flower. Anthers closely
crowded on the upper face of the cuneate-spathulate phalanges towards the
apex. Stigma about \ in. broad. — Hook. Ic. Plant. 1004.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons river, Mann !

2. SYMPHONIA, Linn. f. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 173.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, broadly rotundate, imbricate. Petals
5, exceeding the sepals, closely convolute. Stamens 15, in 5 phalanges,
connate nearly or quite to the extrorse linear anthers ; anthers of each piia-
lange connate, produced into a lanceolate or triangular connective. i)islc
cupuliform, thick, surrounding the base of the staminal column. Ovary 5-
celled. Style thick short or elongate, deeply 5-lobed above ; lobes radiate
with a minute apical stigma ; ovules usually 3-5 in each cell (in the African
species). Fruit an ellipsoidal 1-seeded berry (or globose, few-seeded). Em-
bryo an undivided thick radicle {tigella) ; cotyledons 0. — Trees or shrubs
with parallel-penniveined leaves. Flowers umbellate, crimson.

A small genus of which all the species, excepting the following, appear to be confined to
Madagascar.

1. S. globulifera, Linn. f. Suppl 302. A tree of 20 80 ft., per-
fectly glabrous, with oval-oblong rather coriaceous leaves narrowed to each
end, usually shortly and obtusely acuminate, sometimes rather broader above
the middle, gradually tapering to the petiole, 3-4 in. long, J-U i"- ^road ;
petiole \-\ in. Flowers in many-flowered umbels, solitary or 2 or 3 to-
gether, terminating lateral shoots shorter than the surrounding leaves or upon
very short stout peduncles; pedicels ^-1 in. long. Buds \ \ in. Ovules 3-
5 in each cell of the ovary. Fruit 1-seeded, ellipsoidal, about f i,,. in length,
crowned by the remains of the style (? or globose, several-seeded). Seeds
glabrous or, from the fibrous dissolution of the testa, apparently tomentose

164 XXII. GUTTIFER^ (oliver). [Si/mphofiia.

here and there. — Mart. Nov. Gen. iii. t. 287 (Moronobea) ; Presl, Symb. t.
48 (Aneuriscus) . — See PI. et Triana, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. xiv. 286.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon and Old Calabar, Mann ! (? Niger, Barter !)

Iiower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Lr. Wehvitsch l

Grows also in N. Brazil to PaBaraa. The pistil and staraiual column I have seen con-
siderably more elongated in American than in African specimens. The specimen collected
by Barter on the Niger is in bud and is accompanied by a globose several-seeded fruit. So
far as the leaves and flowers are concerned, I find no ground whatever for regarding it as
distinct from Mr. Mann's specimens, but the difference in the fruit and seeds — the latter
being nearly smooth and not sinuous-rugose as in Mann's plant (the true S. globuliferd) —
leads me to think it may prove distinct and perhaps a species of Chnjsopia, Thouars (PI. et
Tr.). If so, it confirms the propriety of uniting Chrysopia with Symphonia, as is done
in the ' Genera Plantarura ' (1. c). In Barter's plant, the seeds have a separable papery
testa ; in Mann's, the testa appears to be closely adherent to the embryo, following the
convolutions of its surface. Barter says this tree yields " a gum like gamboge."

3. PENTADESMA, Sabine ; Bentli. et Hook. f. Gen.. PI. i. 174.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate, the inner larger. Petals
5, equalling or exceeding the inner sepals. Stamens numerous, 5-adelphous,
very shortly connate in each phalange ; filaments free above, continued to the
apex of the narrow elongate extrorse anther-cells. Ovary 5-celled, narrowed
into the elongate style divided at the apex into 5 spreading linear lobes;
ovules several in each cell. Pruit baccate with a thick fleshy pericarp, 3-5-
celled. Reeds large, 1 or 2 in each cell ; testa glabrous, shining ; albumen
0 ; embryo an undivided thick radicle {tigelii) ; cotyledons 0. — A large
glabrous tree, abounding in a yellow juice. Leaves coriaceous, penniveined.
Flowers large, red, terminal, solitary.

A monotypic genus confined to W. tropical Africa.

1. P. butyracea, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 619. Leaves coriaceous, or sub-
membranous on shaded barren shoots, shining, oblong-elliptical, sometimes
elongate-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, shortly acuminate or rather obtuse,
rounded or cuneate at the base, with numerous parallel veins obliquely con-
necting the midrib and intramarginal vein, 5-10 in. long, 1^2| in. broad ;
petioles ^-\ in. or 1 in. on barren shoots. Flowers large, "terminal soli-
tary." Inner sepals 1 1-2 in. long, coriaceous, persistent. Phalanges of sta-
mens persistent. Fmit irregularly ovoid, 4-5 in. long by 3-3|- in. diam.,
3-5-seeded; pericarp about \ in. thick, slightly rugose, abounding in a
yellow greasy fluid, exuding when cut. Seeds 1 1— 2 in. long by 1-lj in. diam.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don! Dr. Kirk! Nun river, W, tropical Africa,
Mann ! (? Niger (leaves only), Barter !)

This is the " Butter- and Tallow-tree " of W. Africa.

4. GARCINIA, Linn.; Beuth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 174.

Flow^ers polygamous or dioecious. Sepals 4, in opposite pairs. Petals 4
(5 in G. Livingstonei) . Male fl. : Stamens indefinite. Free, tetradelphous
or monadelphous ; anthers erect or peltate, dehiscing longitudinally orcircum-
scissile. Female or hermaphrodite fl. : Staminodia various, free or united.

Oarcinia.'] xxii. guttifer.e (oliver). 105

Ovary 2-oo-celled ; stigma sessile, lobed, smootli or tuberculnte ; ovules
solitary. Fniit baccate. Enibiyo an undivided thick radicle {tigellu).—
Glabrous trees, usually with a yellow juice. Leaves coriaceous or subinein-
branous, opposite or ternately verticillate. Flowers solitarv, fascicled or
subpaniculate, axillary or terminal.

A considerable genus, confined to the tropics of the Old World, most numerous in Asia.
The African species appear to be endemic.

In all the tropical African species of which I have seen flowers, the sepals of the outer
pair are much smaller than those of the inner. It is possible, therefore, that by Messrs.
Planchou and Triana, the authors of a recent admirable monograph of the Quttifera, they
would be referred to the genus Rheedia, their African R. ^meathmanm, a Sierra Leone
plant, being described with 2 minute bracteoles contiguous to the (diphyllous) calyr ; a di-
phyllous calyx being a character of that genus. It will be observed that, with the Banie
condition as to the calyx, we have in tropical Africa both free stamens and stamens wholly
or variously connate in distinct or united phalanges. Rheedia iSmealhmanvi, PI. et Tr.
(described from a single leaf, and flowers of which the petals and sexual organs have been
destroyed by insects), I include iu Garcinia.

Filaments free, at least above, in the males.

Stamens distinct, singly inserted in disk; anthers peltate-affixed.

Leaves very coriaceous, broadly elliptical obtuse ]. G. Livinystonei.

Stamens in 4 deeply trifid (tri-(olig-)audrous) phalanges. Leaves

oval 2. G. ovaiifolia.

Stamens free or variously connate, inserted in corrugate disk. Leaves

oblanceolate coriaceous 3. G^. Barleri.

Stamens iu 4 phalanges. Leaves coriaceous, 4-9 in., oblong-ellip-
tical 4. G.poli/antha.

Filaments connate throughout in four distinct or united phalanges.

Anthers linear, recurved above, multilocellate 5. G. Mannii.

Anthers short, radiating around semicircular phalange 6. G. punctata.

Leaves oval, subacute, with prominent subparallel veins. Female

flower with short bracteate peduncle or subsessile 7- G". huitlensis.

1. G. Livingstonei, T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 263. A shrub
or bush-like tree, with a trunk sometimes 3 ft. diam. {Dr. Kirk). Leaves
very co'riaceous, opposite or ternate, broadly elliptical or obovate-elliptical,
apex very obtusely rounded entire or sliglitly emaiginate ; base rounded or
broadly cuneate ; lateral veins prominent al)Ove, rather irregular, -^-^ in.
apart; 3-3J in. long, H-2^ in. broad, subsessile or on petioles not exceed-
ing 1 or 2 lines. Flowers axillary, often from the wood of the previous year
or still older branches; pedicels ^-1 in. long, often fascicled on thickened
leafless nodes. Two outer sepals minute, orbicular ; two inner broadly ovate-
rotundate, equal or unequal, about half as long as, or the inner nearly equal-
ling, the 5 white or pale greenish petals. Male 11. : Stamens indermite, dis-
tinct, spreading, the rather thick filaments singly inserted in the disk ;
anthers small, oblong, peltatcly affixed, 2-cellc(l, dehiscing longitudinally ;
rudiment of ovary 0. Hermaphrodite fl. : Stamens about 15 or more, in-
serted in the fleshy hypogynous disk. Ovary tisnally 2-celle(l, w ith a sessile
2-lobed stigma and solitary ovules. Berry 2-(3)-secde(i, 1 IJ in. diara.,
with a fleshy juicy pericarp, which is said to be pleasant eating.

166 XXII. GUTTiFER^ (oLivEii). [Garcitiia.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Drs. Kirk and Meller ! The " Motsauri " or " Mo-
koDODga," of the native tribes {Dr. Kirk) ; (? Angola, I)r. WeJwitsch ! Niger, Barter !).

Dr. Welwitsch's specimens consist of examples in young fruit, the petals fallen, but
with numerous free stamens remaining, inserted in the hypogynous disk, from the district
of Bumbo, and of male flowers from the Libongo district ; the latter with 9-10 segments in
the perianth (calyx and corolla), and the stamens singly inserted in a corrugate disk, the
anthers rotundate, dehiscing longitudinally. The leaves of the Bumbo plant are oblanceo-
late and considerably narrowed to the base, but in other respects it agrees with the Libongo
form, and I think it very probable that they may both be specifically identical with
G. Livingstonei.

2. G. ovalifolia, OUv. A small tree. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elon-
gate-oval: or oval-oblong, narrowed to each end, obtuse or obtusely acumi-
nate, with numerous lateral veins curving forward, 4-7 in. long, l-'2,\ in.
broad ; petiole ^-\ in. Flowers small in axillary fascicles ; peduncles not
exceeding the petioles ; 2 outer sepals minute (f line) ; 2 inner ovate-rotun-
date, concave, 3 times larger, about half as long as the (erect?) petals.
Stamens in 4-trifid tri-(olig-)androus phalanges ; filaments free above ; an-
thers minute, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Kudiment of ovary 0.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !

3. G. Barter!, OUv. A small tree. Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate,
subacute or very shortly apiculate, nan-owed to the base, with prominent
midrib and scarcely prominent, curving, oblique, lateral veins beneath, 4-6
in. long, about 2 in. broad ; petiole \-^ in. Flowers axillary or from nodes
of fallen leaves; pedicels slender, \ in. long. Two outer sepals much
smaller than the inner. Stameifs indefinite, the short filaments variously
united or free, inserted in a corrugate fleshy disk ; anthers erect, 2-celled,
dehiacing longitudinally.

Upper Guinea. Brass, Barter !
In fruit only or without flowers.

4. G. polyantha, OUv. A tree of 70 ft, or sometimes shrub-like,
falling short of 20 ft. Leaves large, coriaceous, broadly oblong-elliptical or
slightly obovate, shortly apiculate, cuneate-rounded at the base, with .oblique
curving lateral veins, the principal ones usually i— ^ in. apart in the larger
leaves, 4-9 in. long, 1^-4 in. broad; petioles ^-1 in. Male flowers nume-
rous, in rather crowded, axillary fascicles equalling the petioles ; female
fewer, axillary, on peduncles of f-1 in. Two outer sepals orbicular, 1 line
diam., coriaceous, 2 inner about equal to the petals. Male fl. : Stamens in 4
phalanges, inserted between the lobes of a corrugated fleshy disk opposite
to the petals, each phalange of 7-10 stamens free above ; anthers minute,
2-locular, dehiscing longitudinally. Female fl. : Phalanges of rudimentary
stamens shorter than the ovary, which is depressed-ovoid, 2-celied, with a
sessile, slightly 2-lobed stigma and solitary ovules. Young berries (^ in.
diam.) globose coriaceous.

Upper Guinea. Nun river, Mann, <? ! Fernando Po, Mann, ? ! " Lagos or Prince's
Island," Barter!

(? Golungo Alto, Angola, Br. Welwitsch ! without flower or fruit.)

Garcinia.'] xxii. guttifer^ (oliveh). 1G7

SPECIES OF GARCINIA IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

5. G. Mannii, Oliv. A tree of 30-60 ft., with strai^^lit, opposite, leafy
branches. Leaves submembraiious, oblong-elliptical, rather abruptly and
obtusely acuminate, cuneately contracted to the petiole, with numerous
oblique parallel lateral veins, 3-4 in. lont(, 1^-2 in. broad ; petiole i-\ in.
Peduncles axillary or terminal, much shorter than the leaves, 1 -flowered or
with 1 or 2 pairs of opposite 1-flowered pedicels of i-^ in., bearing a pair of
minute opposite bracteoles below the middle. Flowers about ^ in. to 1 in.
diam. Sepals orbicular, concave, 2 outer 2-3 times smaller tlian the inner.
Petals rather thick, obovate-elliptical. Stamens in 4 short distinct or con-
nate phalanges opposite to the petals, scarcely exceeding the central quadrate
disk, the stamens of each phalange connate throughout ; linear multilocellate
anthers recurved above.

Upper Guinea. Ambas Bay and Sierra del Crystal, Maun !

6. G. punctata, Oliv. A tree of 15-30 ft., with rather slender divari-
cate green branches. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong-elliptical, with a
narrow obtuse acumen ; base cuneate or slightly rounded, punctate, with
linear and irregular translucent dots ; 3-4 in. long, 1-lf in. broad; petiole
2-3 lines. Male flowers (yellow) subsessile or on pedicels not exceeding 1
line, in few-flowered axillary and terminal fascicles, on very short or obsolete
common peduncles, about \ in. diam. when expanded. Sepals 4, 2 outer
much smaller. Petals 4, obovate- or oblanceolate-oblong, patent. Stamens
in 4 phalanges ; filaments of each phalange connate throughout ; anthers
5-7 on the margin of a subreniform dilatation, short, elliptical, recurved, de-
hiscing longitudinally. Disk entire, hemispherical, smooth. Female flowers
not seen.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon river and Sierra del Crystal, Mann !

Iiower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

Var. /3. pedicellata. Pedicels often i in.

Allied to G. Mannii^ differing in the subsessile smaller flowers, short anthers, etc.

7. G. huillensis, Welw. mss. A small bush-like tree of 7-10 ft. Ex-
tremities rather stout. Leaves coriaceous, narrowly or sometimes rather
broadly elliptical, more or less narrowed to each end, rather obtuse and mu-
cronulate or subacute ; lateral veins numerous, prominent above and below,
subparallel, directed forwards and forking, about 3 in. long, \\ in. broad;
petiole very short, about 1 line, dilating into the lamina. Flowers solitary
and axillary or terminal, occasionally 3 or 4 together; peduncles very short,
with decussating scaly bracts or flowers subsessile. Calyx and corolla of
about 8 segments, 2 exterior opposite, remainder imbricate, but apparently
not decussate. Male flowers not seen. In the female flower I observe no
trace of stamens. Ovary 4-celled, with 1 ovule iu each cell (according to
Dr. Welwitsch) ; stigma viscid, subhemispherical, peltate, subsessile. Fruit
not seen.

l«ower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. jrelwUsch!

8. ? G. ? sp. nova. Tree of 30 ft. Leaves large, rather coriaceous,

168 XXII. GUTTiFER^ (olivek). \_Garcinia

broadly oblong-elliptical, shortly and finely acuminate, 12-1 i in. long, 4-5
in. broad, with very prominent midrib and lateral veins (^1 in. apart) below ;
petiole i in. Branches terminating in long, leafless, subflagelliform extre-
mities, with opposite oi alternate ramuli below, bearing at the numerous,
alternate, prominent nodes, minute sessile fascicles of abortive (leaf or
flower ?) buds.

Upper Guinea. Sierra del Crystal, Mann I

9. ? G. ? Smeathmanniy Oliv. Branches terete. Leaves coriaceous,
petiolate, broadly ovate-oblong, shortly cuspidate, rather obtuse at the base,
penniveined and reticulate, about 6-8 in. long, 3 in. broad ; petiole f in.
Flowers small, pedicellate, in crowded fascicles from thickened multibracteo-
late axillary pulvini; pedicels filiform, about equalling the petioles. —
Rheedia SmeathTnanni, PI. et Tr. Mem. Gutt. 157.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, iSmeathmann !

The authors of this species suggest the possibility that it may be identical with XanthO'
chymus guineensis of Don.

5. XANTHOCHYMUS, Koxb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 175.

Flowers polygamous or dioecious. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5. Malefl. :
Stamens in 5 narrow oligandrous phalanges, inserted into or between the
lobes of a fleshy disk. Female or hermaphrodite fl. : *' Staminodia in 5 pha-
langes, alternating with as many glands. Ovary 3-5 -celled, with a subsessile,
discoid, entii'e or radiately 3-5-lobed stigma ; ovules solitary. Fruit baccate.
Embryo thick, fleshy, with inconspicuous cotyledons." — Trees, resembling
the preceding genus. Flowers axillary or terminal, fascicled or racemose.

A small genus, closely allied to Garcinia, and scarcely differing, except in its pentamerous
symmetry, confiued also to the tropics of the Old World. The following species is a doubt-
ful member of the genus, as I have seen only male flowers : — X. guineensis^ Don, Gen. Syst.
i. 621, of Sierra Leone, it is impossible to ideutify from the brief indication given.

1. X.? quadrifarius, Olw. A small tree. Leaves submembranous
or thinly coriaceous, oblong-eUiptical, rather obtusely apiculate, more or less
rounded to the petiole, with distant, obscure, lateral veins; 3y-5 in. long,
1^2 in. broad ; petioles \-\ in. Male flowers numerous, in terminal um-
bellate racemes, 1^2 in. diam., the- common peduncle lengthening out to
1 in. or more, tetragonous, closely pitted on each face with the sockets of
the articulated fallen pedicels of \-\ in. Sepals subequal, ovate, obtuse.
Petals elliptical or obovate, much exceeding the sepals. Stamens in narrow-
linear phalanges, each of 8-10 stamens, equalling or exceeding the petals,
from between the lobes of a papillose cavernous disk ; filaments shortly free
above j anthers minute, didymous.

Upper Ghxinea. Gaboon river, Mann !

A remarkable plant, for the female flowers of which it is very desirai^le that search should
be made.

IXII. GUTTIFERiE (OLIVEU). 169

6. OCHROCARPUS, Thouars ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i.
175 and 980.

{Calysaccion, Wight, Illust. i. 130.)

Flowers polygamous. Calyx closed before flowering, at length opening in
2 (or sometimes 3) valves or sepals. Petals 4-7 (or more). Stamens indefi-
nite, free or very shortly connate below ; filaments filiform ; anthers erect,
oblong or linear, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled ; style short,
thick ; stigma 2-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit baccate, 1-4-seeded.
Seeds large; embryo of a large fleshy tigella (radicle), with the cotyledons
reduced to a mammilliform projection or 0. — Trees with axillary flowers.

A small tropical genus of Africa and India. I have seen out one African species, of
which there are excellent specimens in the Hookerian Herbarium.

1. O. aLfricanus, Oliv. A tree of 40-50 ft. ; the leafy extremities
rather compressed. Leaves large, coriaceous, oblong-elliptical, apiculate,
cuneately narrowed or rounded at the base ; midrib very prominent beneath ;
lateral parallel veins rather inconspicuous ; 6-10 in. long, 2-3^ in. bro;id ;
petioles ^1 in. Flowers about 1^ in. diam., from the nodes of fallen
leaves; peduncles solitary or 2 or 3 together, 1-1 j in. long, erect. Calyx
opening in 2 orbicular or sometimes in 3 broadly elliptical, somewhat pointed,
concave, recurved valves. Petals 4 or more, half as long again as the sepals.
Stamens very numerous, shortly connate at the base ; anthers linear-oblong,
shortly apiculate. Ovary globose, narrowed into a short thick style ; stigma
2-lobed, lobes smooth above, recurved ; ovules geminate. — Mammea africaua,
Don, Gen. Syst. i. 619 ?

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius I Prince's Island, Mann and Barter ! (The
above description is taken from Mr. Mann's specimens.)

In the Kew Museum there are fruits labelled '■' M. africana!^' received from the late
Mr. Barter, which, I think, probably belong to the same species. Externally they are very
similar to the fruit of Mammea americana, but the outer uniform layer of the pericarp is
considerably thicker {\-\ in.) than in specimens which I have seen of that species. The
seeds (H-^4 in- long, l-H in- diam.) have a hard woody testa, and are closely invested
with a fibrous-pulpy layer, of which it is not easy to predicate the origin. The embryo, so
far as I can make out, consists of a uniform, hard, fleshy mass, with a short maniiilifurm
extremity ; the latter separating easily into equal halves. I incline to regard the mass of
the embryo as tigella (radicle), and the 2-partite mamilla as the cotyledons, — precisely the
converse of what obtains in M. americana, as so carefully described by Messrs. I'lamhon
and Triana, and correctly, as I have myself ascertained. As a similar structure obtains iu
Indian specimens of Calysaccion, which does not appear to differ geucrically from Orhro-
carpus of Thouars, I have, with the concurrence of M. Triana, referred the Africau Mam-
mea of Don, to the latter geims ; Ochrocarpus occupying in the ^ribe Garciniea a relation
corresponding to that borne by Mammea to the rest of Calophyllea.

Order XXIII. TERNSTRGEMIACE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. Sepals usually 5,
free or shortly connate, imbricate, the inner often larger. Petals usually 5,
free or usuaUy connate below, much imbricate. Stamens iiuN'tiiiite, rarely
definite, h^vpogynous, free or connate and adnate below to the petals ; antbtrs

170 XXIII. TERNSTRCEMIACE.^ (OLIVER).

2-locular, erect, basifixed. Disk 0. Ovary free or rarely -^-inferior, broadly
sessile, 3-5-co-locular; styles as many as cells of the ovary, free or partially
or wholly connate ; stigma minute, terminal. Ovules solitary, geminate or
indefinite. Fruit coriaceous or woody and indehiscent or capsular. Seeds
with or without albumen. Embryo variously curved or straight. — Trees or
shrubs. Leaves usually coriaceous, alternate, simple, penniveined, serrate or
entire, exstipulate (rarely stipulate). Flowers axillary, solitary or fascicled or
in terminal or axillary racemes or panicles or springing from the trunk.

A considerable American and Asiatic Order, principally tropical, represented by but three
species of different genera in tropical Africa.

Flowers hermaphrodite, axillary, solitary. Ovary few- (4-) celled ;

ovules numerous 1. Adinandra.

Flowers unisexual or polygamous, springing from the trunk.

Ovary many- (20- or more-)celled; ovules solitary 2. Omphalocarpum.

Flowers hermaphrodite, in a small racemose panicle. Ovary 3-

celled ; ovules solitary 3. Caraipa.

1. ADINANDRA, Jack; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 182.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, broadly imbricate; the outer smaller
(passing into the 2 contiguous bracteoles). Petals 5, imbricate, slightly con-
nate at the base or free. Stamens indefinite (in the African species 1-seriate,
25-30, perfectly glabrous), free, inserted with or slightly adnate to the base
of the petals (in the species not African, often variously connate) ; anthers
erect, basifixed. Ovary 3-5 -celled (sometimes imperfectly) ; style elongate ;
stigma entire or minutely 3-5-lobulate ; ovules very numerous in each cell.
" Fruit indehiscent. Seeds indefinite, small, with a fleshy albumen and in-
flexed embryo." — Evergreen trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary,
axillary, pedunculate.

A small genus, confined, with the following exception, to tropical Asia. The African
species differs from the only Asiatic species which I have examined in its glabrous, 1-seriate,
free stamens, and may not improbably some day, if other African species turn up, be sepa-
rated generically.

1. A. Mauuii, Oliv. A glabrous tree of 30 ft. Extremities minutely
punctate-tubercled when dry. Leaves rather coriaceous, oval-oblong, shortly
acuminate, more or less rounded or narrowed at the base, minutely dentate-
serrulate, especially towards the apex. Peduncles solitary, axillary, at length
more or less recurved towards the apex, about f in. long. Flowers ly-2 in.,
glabrous. Sepals apparently 7 (the 2 outermost bracteoles), increasing in
size in gradual, broadly imbricating series ; inner sepals f in. long, ovate-
lanceolate, acute. Petals elongate, linear-oblong, obtuse, at length 3 times
longer than the inner sepals, loosely imbricate around the style, not spreading;
anthers linear, with a short, truncate-emarginate, terminal apiculus, perfectly
glabrous as are the free, subterete, 1-seriate filaments. Ovary 4-celled,
gradually tapering into the long slender style, which is apparently articulated
below. Stigma obsoletely 4-lobulate. Ovules very numerous. Fruit not
seen.

Upper GKunea. Summit of the peak of the island of St. Thomas, Mann !

Adinandra.l xxiii. TERNSTRCEMiACEiE (oliyer). 171

A remarkably fine species, which would be well worth introducine into English green-
houses. It is peculiarly interesting, owing to its aflinity with an Indian type and isolated
insular locality.

2. OMPHALOCARPUM, P. de Beauv. ; Bentli. et Hook. f. Gen.

PL i. 185.

Flowers unisexual (or polygamous?). Sepals 5, poriaceous, rather un-
equal, much imbricate. Petals 5, exceeding the sepals, connate at the base
or connected by the stamens or staminodia, much imbricate. Male fl. :
Stamens included, about 25, usually 5 or thereabouts opposite and adnatc
to the base of each petal ; filaments free half their length or more ; anthers
basifixed, linear-lanceolate, shortly apiculate, shortly 2-lobate at the base, ex-
trorse ; squamae 5, rotundate-cuneate, laciniate, incurved, alternate with and
adnate to the petals. Rudiment of ovary depressed-globose, abruptly nar-
rowed into the long slender style, occasionally with one or more cells, con-
taining solitary ovules. Female fl. : Staminodia linear-subulate, some dilated
or petaloid. Ovary conical, narrowed into the style, with very numerous
radiating cells ; stigma terminal, minutely multidenticulate ; ovules solitary
in each cell. Fruit large, depressed-globose, with a thick pericarp ; the
inner layer of which consists of crowded, hard, woody nodules; multilocular.
Seeds laterally affixed (immature, much flattened), " shining, ovate, com-
pressed, with a fleshy albumen. Cotyledons large, ovate, flat ; radicle short,
inferior." — A large glabrous tree. Leaves thinly coriaceous, alteniate, rather
crowded towards the extremities, entire, exstipulate. Flowers fascicled or
solitary, subsessile or shortly pedunculate, springing from the trunk, " 8-12
ft. " above the ground, yellow (Manti), rose (Beauvois), white (Thomson).

A monotypic genus, peculiar to W. tropical Africa. From the limited number of
flowers at my disposal, I cannot satisfactorily settle their polygamous character.

1. O. procera, Beauv. Fl. d'Oware, i. 7. t. 5, 6. A tree of 60-80 ft.
{Manji), Leaves rather crowded at the ends of the branches, oblanceolate or
oblanceolate-oval, contracted to the obtuse or scarcely acute apex, gradually
narrowed below to the short petiole or subsessile, 4-10 in. long, ly-3^ in.
broad above the middle. Petals oval-oblong, about \ in. long, connate
below. Fruit large, depressed-globose, in our specimens 4-6 in. diara., ac-
cording to Beauvois 12 in. ; pericarp of closely-packed woody nodules, about
|— f in. thick. 1 have not seen mature seeds.

Upper Guinea. Oware, Beauvois ; Camaroons and Bagroo rivers, Afann I Old Cala-
bar, Thomson!

3. CARAIPA, Aubl. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 188.

Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, contorted. Stamens indefinite, connective
usually shortly and broadly produced (in S. American species with a glandu-
lar excavation). Ovary 3-celled ; style simple; stigma minutely 3-toothed ;
ovules 2 (or 3) in each cell, pendulous. Capsule (not seen in African species),
triangular, dehiscing septicidally. " Seeds exalbunainous ; embrjo with large
flat cotyledons and a superior radicle." — Trees. Leaves alternate, parallel-

172 xxiii. TERNSTR(EMiACE^ (oliver). [Caraipa.

veined, with transverse reticulation. Flowers in a small, racemose, subter-
minal panicle.

A small tropical American genus, to which I refer with little hesitation the species here
described from a specimen collected in Nigritania by the late Dr. Baikie. The anthers of
this plant remind one very much of those characteristic of Humiriacecs. In other respects
the African plaut agrees well with Caraipa, excepting in the presence of stipules, denoted
by their lateral scars. I think, however, there are traces of stipules in at least one Brazilian
Caraipa.

I.e.? africana^ Oliv. Extremities terete, rugulose, pubescent at
first. Leaves coriaceous, broadly elliptical, very obtuse or slightly retuse ;
base broadly rounded, subcordate, with a gland at the apex of the (subpel-
tately attached) petiole, puberulous or glabrescent above, shortly and densely
hoary-tomentose beneath, lateral veins numerous, parallel, connected by
rather obscure transverse veinlets, 2^-3 in. long, lf-2 in. broad ; petiole sub-
terete, above \ in. Stipules deciduous. Flowers in a small, tomentose, ra-
cemose panicle from the axil of an upper leaf, much shorter than the leaf;
short lateral branches of the panicle few-flowered ; pedicels equalling or
shorter than the sepals. Buds \^ in. long. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Niger region, Dr. Baikie ! (No precise locality.)

The leaves are similar to those of Dipterocarpea or Tetracera, though not scabrous.

Okder XXIV. dipterocarpea (by Prof. OHver).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-fid or 5-partite ; lobes imbri-
cate or subvalvate, in fruit usually enlarged, one or more of the calyx-lobes
growing out into a wing. Petals 5, contorted, free or slightly connate be-
low. Stamens definite or indefinite, hypogynous or (in Ancistrodadus) peri-
gynous ; filaments often dilated below, free or slightly connate ; anthers 2-
celled with equal valves or the inner shorter, dehiscing longitudinally or
towards the apex. Ovary free with a broad base or slightly adherent (inferior
in Ancistrodadus), 3-celled with 2 ovules in each cell or 1 -celled with 1 or
more ovules. Style entire, 2-fid or 3-fid, rarely styles 3, distinct {Andstro-
dndus). Fruit free or adherent, indehiscent or dehiscent, 1- rarely 2-seeded.
Seed exalhuminous ; embryo with equal or unequal, straight or plicate,
thick or foliaceous cotyledons, rarely {Andstrodadus) with an abundant
folded albumen. — Trees or scandent shrul3S, often resinous. Leaves alt ersate,
entire, penniveined, usually with small stipules. Flowers rather small, in
axillary or terminal panicles.

An important forest Order in the hottest parts of India and the Archipelago. The re-
markable genus Lophira is peculiar to Africa.

Tree or shrub. Stamens oo. Ovary superior, 3-celled. Calyx-
segments all enlarged in fruit 1. Vatica.

Tree. Stamens oo. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Calyx-segments at

least 2 enlarged, 1 much more than the other 2. Lophira.

Climbing shrub, usually hooked. Ovary inferior, 1-celled. Styles 3 3. Ancistkocladus.

1. VATICA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 192.
Cal)fx deeply 5-partite ; lobes ovate or lanceolate, imbricate ; tube very

Vatica.] xxiv. DiPTEROCARPEiE (olivek). 173

short or obsolete, adnate to the torus ; lobes enlarj^ed in fruit, equal or un-
equal, usually patent or if ascendincr not connivent over the fruit. Stamens
indefinite (or 15 in Asiatic species) ; anthers ovate or oblong, rarely linear,
with a cuspidate connective or simply acute in bud ; cells equal* or the
outer slightly larger. Ovaiy S-celled ; ovules usually 2 in each cell ; style
subulate or terete; stigma entire or 3-toothed. Vruit coriaceous, inde-
hiscent, usually 1-seeded. Seed ovoid or siibglobose ; cotyledons thick
fleshy unequal, or foliaceous and contortuplicate in the following species
(Kirk). — Tomentose or glabrous trees or (in F.africana) frutesceiR. Leaves
entire or repand, penniveined, stipulate. Panicles or racemes terminal or
axillary.

A tropical Asiatic genus. The indefinite stamens of the African plant ally it to SAorea,
to which genus I should have referred it were it not for its spreading calyi-lobea in fruit.

1. v. africana, TFelw. in Linn. Trans, xxvii. (ined.) t. 5. A shnib or
sometimes arborescent, attaining 20 ft. ; extremities tomentose-pubescent,
rarely glabrous. Leaves petiolate coriaceous oblong-elliptical obtuse or
sometimes retuse, with or without a mucro, narrowly rounded or subcordate
at the base, glabrescent above, closely rusty- or cinnamon-tomentose beneath,
rarely glabrous ; midrib and primary parallel lateral veins very prominent
beneath, l|-4 in. long, |-lf in. broad ; petiole |-f in. Flowers in few-
flowered axillary racemes shorter than the leaves or crowded or variously fas-
cicled towards the extremities. Bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, deci-
duous. Sepals free nearly or quite to the base, ovate, obtuse, subequal,
distinctly imbricate. Petals three times as long, oblong-lanceolate, thinly
pilose within. Stamens indefinite, bi-(or pluri-) seriate ; filaments filiform ;
anthers dorsally affixed, short, elliptical, with equal cells, pointed or subapi-
culate. Ovary hairy. Pruit " 1- or 2-seeded ;" globose, subapiculate ; calyx-
lobes free nearly to the base, patent or ascending, oblanceolate, oblong or
obovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, longitudinally nerved and coarsely re-
ticulated, 1-lf in. long. " Cotyledons foliaceous, equal, applied to each
other, lobed at base, contortuplicate ; radicle superior " {Dr. Kirk).

Var. /axa. 5-7 ft. Leaves usually from 2-2^ in. long. Flowers in loose, axillary, few-
flowered racemes ; pedicels often ^ in. ; and

Var. /it/poleuca. Leaves 3^-5^ in. long, retuse, closely whitiah-toraeutose beneath.
Pedicels | in. Both forms in —

Iiower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. Weltcitsch !

Var. glomerata. 20 ft. Leaves often larger. Flowers closely fascicled.

South Central. Eastern slope of Batoka Hills, Br. Kirk !

Var. glabra. Shrub of 4 ft. Leaves glabrous ; petiole ^ in. Western slope of same
hills, Dr. Kirk !

The Batoka specimens are not in a good state for comparison, so that, notwithstanding
the differences indicated, it would be premature to make more than one species.

2. LOPHIRA, Banks; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 192.

Calyx deeply 5-partite; segments rotundate, broadly imbricate, of the fruit
at least 2 enlarged, 1 three to four times longer than the other, rigid, wing-

174 XX rv. DiPTEROCARPEJE (olivee). [Lo/jMru.

like. Petals dilated above, 2 -fid or retuse. Stamens indefinite; anthers
narrow-linear, unappendnged ; valves equal, dehiscing longitudinally near the
apex. Ovary 1-celled, elongate-conical ; style shortly 2-fid with patent re-
curved lobes ; ovules about 8-12 on a free central column, erect. Nut
oblong, tapering above, 1-seeded. Seed erect. Cotyledons fleshy, connate
nearly throughout, narrow-oblong, radicle very shortly exserted, inferior. — A
large tree. Leaves elongate, rather coriaceous, entire, narrowed to the base,
witli numerous parallel lateral veins, glabrous. Stipules minute, triangular,
caducous. Flowers in terminal pyramidal panicles.

A remarkable monotypic genus confined to intertropical Africa, though occurring both in
the east and west.

1. Ij. alata. Banks in Ga>rtn. Fruct. iii. 32. t. 188. Leaves elongate-
oblanceolate, usually obtuse, emarginate or retuse, often more or less crispate-
undulate, narrowed to the base, 8-30 in. long, 2-5 in. broad ; petiole varying
up to 2^ in., often very short or leaves subsessile. Flowers white {Mann),
yellow {Guill. et Perr.), about 1-1^ in. across. Larger wing'of the fruit
erect, coriaceous, broadly oblong-lanceolate or obliquely linear- oblong, 3-4^
in. long, with longitudinal anastomosing usually obscure nerves, " crimson *'
{Barter). Nut about 1-1^ in. long.— Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. t. 24. L.
simplex , Don, Gen. Syst. i. 814.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ! Sierra Leone, Don ; Niger, Barter ! Ambaa Bay,
Mann !

Nile Land. Madi, White Nile, Speke and Grant !

Captain Graut says the leaf is used as a charm. In Western Africa the fruit-calyx is
worn as an ornament by the native women.

3. ANCISTROCLADUS, Wall. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 191.

Calyx deeply 5 -partite or sepals free, imbricate in aestivation ; lobes en-
larged in fruit, unequal. Stamens 5-10, perigynous ; filaments free or
shortly connate or adnate to the base of the petals ; anthers 2-celled ; valves
equal or rather unequal. Ovary 1-celled, inferior, with a solitary erect or
laterally affixed ovule, crowned by the shortly cylindrical elevated fleshy disk
bearing 3 articulated styles ; stigmas (terminal in the African species). Fruit
adnate to the turbinate calyx-tube, surmounted by the enlarged wings (calyx-
lobes). Seed subglobose. Embryo straight, clavate; cotyledons subfolia-
ceous, divergent. Albumen fleshy, in closely folded convolutions. — Climbing
glabrous shrubs ; branches usually furnished with hooks. Leaves entire or
denticulate, rather coriaceous, penniveiued. Panicles terminal with divari-
cate often recurved branches.

A small genus confined to tropical Asia and the Archipelago, with the exception of the
following. A. guineenns is very nearly allied to Malayan species, but of none of the Asiatic
species have I had the opportunity of examining well-developed flowers, and I believe the dis-
crepancy between the description of the pistil as given above and in the Gen. Plantarum is
due to the circumstance that imperfect drawings of descriptions were relied upon in pre-
paring the latter. We have numerous good flowers of the Africau species but no fruits,
and the description of the embryo I have borrowed from Mr. Thwaites' careful account of
it (Linn. Trans, xxi. 225).

Ancistrocladus.] xxiv. dipterocarpee (oliver). 176

The genus A ficislrocladus does not appear to ine to have any affinity with Dip/crocarpctr,
though the analogy, in respect of the accrescent calyx and intiorescence, is curious. If
Qyrocarpece be rightly included in Combretacea, perhaps Ancistrocladus might be appended
to that family as aiu)thcr anomalous ally.

1. A. guineensiSy Ollv. A climbing shrub attaiiiinj^ 10-15 ft. Leaves
crowded at the extremities, broadly-obiauceolate, obtuse, narrowed to the
petiole, repand-denticuhite or entire, 4-9 in. lonj?, l^-S in. broad ; petiole
deeply channelled or narrowly win-^ed, varying up to \ in., exstipulate.
Flowers small, in broadly spreading dichotomous terminal panicles exceeding
the leaves. Sepals ovate, obtuse, 3 inner rather larger. Petals patent, re-
curved, twice as long as the sepals, broadly ol)ovate-elliptical. Fiiameiits
glabrous, thickened below, very shortly connate and adnate to the base of
the petals though easily separable, subulate and recurved above ; anthers
small, broad, muticous. Styles 3, distinct, articulated on the apex of a short,
raised, columnar, fleshy, epigynous disk, caducous ; stigmas subrenifurm-ca-
pitate. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Mann !

There is a specimen of the leafy extremity of a branch of an Ancistrocladus in the Kew
Herbarium, fi-om the Niger {Barter), perhaps distinct from the above. It bears a strongly
curved hook and the leaves are larger and more acute.

Ordee XXV. MALVACEiE (by Dr. Maxwell T. Masters).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, conjoined below, valvate in
aestivation. Petals 5, hypogynous, adnate to the base of the column, twisted
in the bud. Stamens numerous, monadelphous. Column either trun-
cate, or toothed at the apex, or at other times dividing into numerous fila-
ments. Anthers oblong globose or reniform, spuriously 1-celled, bursting
longitudinally. Thalamus (columella) more or less prolonged between the
carpels. Ovary 2- or usually many-celled, entire or lobed. Carpels ver-
ticillate. Style simple below, divided above, rarely entirely undivided ;
stigmas capitate linear or grooved ; ovules l-oo, attached to the inner angle
of the carpels, curved, ascending or horizontal. Fruit dry, rarely soniewh.-it
fleshy, of few or many indehiscent or more or less 2-valved carpels, which
separate when ripe from the columella or form a true, many-celled, loculicidal
capsule. Seeds reniform or subglobose, smooth, tubercled, downy, or pro-
vided with cottony hairs. Albumen generally scanty, sometimes abundant.
Embryo more or less curved. Cotyledons flat or folded, often wrapping
round the radicle. — Herbs or soft-wooded trees or shrubs, their surface often
covered with soft stelliform pubescence. Leaves alternate, rarely sessile,
usually palminerved, entire or more or less deeply lobed. Stipules free, de-
ciduous or persistent. Inflorescence definite. Flowers usually stalked,
rarely sessile ; flower-stalks axillary solitary or fasciculate, often arranged in
terminal leafy or ultimately leafless clusters. Bractlets wanting or 2-3,
or more, free or adnate to the calyx, distinct from each other or connate form-
ing an epicalyx or involucel.

A large and important Natural Order wliose mc:nibcrs are found throughntit the world ex-
cept in the Arctic regions. The monadelphous stamens, onc-cclled anthers, and valvato

176 XXV. MALVACE^ (MASTERS).

calyx, furnish good marks of distinction. Mallow-worts are for the most part mucilaginous,
many of them supply valuable fibre, while from the seeds of various species of Oossypium^
cotton is obtained, which gives the Order a special interest in an economical point of view.

Tribe I. Malvese. — Staminal column -provided with anthers to the top or nearly so.
Styles as numerotcs as the cells of the ovary or as the ripe carpels. Ripe carpels usually
seceding from the columella. Cotyledons leafy^ usually folded. Herbs or undershrubs.

Bractlets 3, rarely wanting.

Stigmas linear 1. Malva.

Stigmas capitate 2. Malvasteum.

Bractlets none.

Carpels either without awns, or if with awns having their points

erect or inflexed. Ovule solitary 3. Sida.

Carpels awnless or with divergent awns. Ovules usually more than
one.
Carpels divided into two compartments by a transverse partition 4. Wissadula.
Carpels 1 -celled without any transverse partition 5. Abutilon.

Tribe II. Urenese. — Staminal column destitute of anthers at the summit, which is
truncate or h-toothed. Styles twice as numerous as the cells of the ovary or the carpels.
Ripe carpels seceding from the columella. Herbs or undershrubs.

Flowers in dense heads intermingled with distinct bractlets and sur-
rounded by a general involucre 6. Malachra.

Flower-heads not involucrate. Bractlets connate. Carpels with

hooked spines 7. Ueena.

Flowers rarely capitate. Bractlets distinct or connate. Carpels

awned or muricate, but never with hooked spines ...... 8. Pavonia.

Tribe III. Hibisceee. — Column usually destitute of anthers at the summit^ which
latter is either truncate or ^-toothed. Styles as many as the carpels. Carpels not seced-
ing when ripe, but forming a loculid-dally dehiscent capsule. Herbs shrubs or trees.

Style ultimately dividing into stigmatic branches.
Capsule 5-celled. Herbs or shrubs.

Bractlets usually numerous, rarely wanting. Ovary with a single

seed in each cell. Capsule pentagonal 9. Kosteletzkya.

Bractlets 3, large, cordate, membranous. Cells of ovary bi-

ovulate 10. Senra.

Bractlets numerous, rarely wanting. Ovules numerous . . .11. Hibiscus.
Style club-shaped at the apex, undivided or nearly so.
Bractlets narrow.

Calyx 5-cleft. Ovary 3-4-celled 12. Fugosia.

Calyx truncate. Ovary 5-celled 13. Thespesia.

(See Gossypium anomalum.")
Bractlets 3, cordate, broad. Calyx truncate 14. Gos§ypium.

Tribe IV. Boxnbacese. — Staminal column divided at the apex into 5-8 divisions^
each of which bears one or many anthers, rarely nearly undivided. Anthers free, reni-
form or adnate, globose^ linear or ajifractuose. Style entire or shortly divided into as
many branches as there are cells in the ovary. Carpels combined into a dehiscent capsule
or an indehiscent pod. Trees.

Leaves digitate. Bractlets distinct or none. Cotyledons twisted.
Staminal column divided at the apex into numerous filaments.

Calyx 5-cleft. Fruit indehiscent 15." Adansonia.

Calyx truncate or nearly so. Fruit dehiscent 16. Bomb ax.

Staminal column divided at the apex into 5 divisions 17. Eriodendron.

XXV. MALVACE.T: (masteks). 177

1. MALVA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. (ren. PI. i. 201.

Epicalyx of 3 distinct bracts. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals obcordate. Sta-
minal column divided at the summit into oo filaments. Ovary mariv-celled,
each cell with a single ovule. Styles as numerous as the cells of the ovary ;
stigmas linear, running down the'inner side of the style. Kipe carpels ob-
tuse, indehiscent, arranged in an umbilicate whorl around a central axis from
Avhich they ultimately separate. Ovule curved. Kadicle inferior.— Herbs
wdth soft lobed leaves. Flowers purplish, in axillary fascicles.

A genus consisting, so far as tropical Africa is concerned, of two species.

Stem erect. Flowers in dense clusters 1. M. verticillata.

Stem trailing ; clusters few-flowered 2. M. parvijlora.

1. M. verticillata, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 433. Annual or perenuial,
with an erect, furrowed, branched stem, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves on long stalks,
cordate, roundish, 5-6-lobed ; lobes acute or blimt, crenate-serrate, more or
less densely covered with stelliform hairs on both surfaces. Flowers in dense
axillary or terminal clusters, sessile or shortly stalked. Epicalyx of three
linear, ciliolate bracts. Calyx twice the length of the bracts, bell-shaped,
5-cleft; lobes triangular, acute. Petals oblong, 2-fid; lobes rounded,
slightly exceeding the sepals. Carpels 10-12 in a whorl, enclosed within
the accrescent calyx, each one reniform, 3-sided ; back marked with a
central prominent nerve, sides with thickened radiating veins.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper, Petit !

This plant has a wide range, being found in India, the mountains of Dahuria, in Amoor-
land and Egypt, and it has been introduced into Britain with foreign seeds, etc.

2. M. parviflora, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 431. An annual plant with
slightly hairy or nearly glabrous trailing stems. Leafstalks 3-4 in. long,
with a few simple hairs near the top. Leaves cordate, orbicular, palmately
nerved, slightly 3-5-lobed, crenate-dentate. Flowerstalks axillary, spread-
ing, much shorter than the leaves. Bracts linear. Sepals ovate or roundish,
mucronate, spreading, accrescent. Carpels hairy or smooth, transversely
netted, rugose.

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Ehrenberg !

This species is found in the Levant, Persia, Affghanistan, and also in Central Arabia.

2. MALVASTRUM, A. Gray; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 201.

Epicalyx of 1-3 distinct bractlets or wanting. Calyx 5 -lobed. Staminal
column divided at the apex into numerous filaments. Cells of the ovary 5
or more, each with a single ovule. Styles equal in number to the cells of
the ovary, filiform or club-shaped, with small, terminal, capitate stigmas.
Eipe carpels separating from a short columella, indehiscent or somewhat 2-
valved, pointless or provided with two erect beaks. Seed ascending, rein-
form. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire or divided. Flowers red or
yellow, stalked or nearly sessile, axillary or arranged in terminal spikes.

A large genus, the majority of whose species are American, the 2 African species being
found also widely distributed throughout the tropics of both hemispheres.
Tomentum stellate. Flowers in terminal spikes ...... \. M. spxcatum.

Hairs appressed, parallel. Flowers mostly axillary. Calyx brond . 2. M. tncMptdalnm.

178 XXV. malvacej: (mastees). [Malvastrum.

1. M. spicatum, A. Gray, Plant. Fendler. 22. An erect branching
herb, 1-2 ft. high, stellately tomentose. Leaves stalked, 1-2 in. long, ovate,
acute or obtuse, crenate-serrate, sometimes 3-lobed. Flowers small, yellow,
in a dense, terminal, leafy spike. Bracts of epicalyx narrowed, shorter than
the calyx. Sepals acuminate, ciliate. Petals 4-5 lines long. Carpels 8-12,
angular, pubescent. — Malva sjpicata, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 430.

Nile Land. Sennar, Kotscliy !

Very generally distributed througliout the tropics, and found also in Australia, the Cape
de Verde Islands, etc.

2. M. tricuspidatom, A. Gray, Plant. Wright. 16. An erect, branch-
ing, herbaceous plant, 2-3 ft. high, covered with ajDpressed simple hairs. Leaves
on longish stalks, ovate-lanceolate, irregularly toothed, hairy, 1-2 in. long.
Flowers yellow, nearly sessile, in axillaiy and terminal clusters. Epicalyx of
3 narrow bracts. Calyx 5-lobed, Carpels 8-12, closely packed, each carpel
reniform, with 3 small points at the upper edge. — Malva tricuspidata. Ait. ;
DC. Prod. i. 430. Malvastrum coromandelinum, Garcke in Schweinf. PI.
^thiop. 267.

Nile I<and. Sennar, Kotschy !

Like the preceding, this plant is widely distributed throughout the tropics of both hemi-
spheres, also in Australia.

3. SIDA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 203.

Epicalyx usually wan^ting. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals oblique. Staminal
column divided at the top into several filaments ; ovaries 5 or more, in a
ring round the axis ; styles as many as the carpels ; stigmas terminal. Ripe
carpels separating from the axis and provided with two connivent or more or
less erect awns, or in some of the species destitute of those appendages, de-
hiscing by a little chink at the summit. Seed pendulous or horizontal ; ra-
dicle superior. — Herbs or shrubs, more or less hairy, rarely smooth. Flowers
small, on 1 -flowered solitary axillary stalks, or clustered in heads or ra-
cemes.— Dictyocarpus, Wight in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xi. 169.

A large genus, whose species are widely distributed throughout the warmer regions of the
globe.

Flowers in loose terminal corymbs. Leaves Imear-lanceolate . . . \. S. linifolia.

Flowers numerous, iu dense axillary clusters 2. S. urens.

Flowers few, in loose axillary clusters or aggregated at the ends of the
branches.

Leaves deeply palmately divided 3.5. triloba.

Leaves not palmate.

Stem prostrate or decumbent.

Branches slender, filiform, often trailing. Leaves not retuse . 4. S. humilis.

Branches woody, intricate. Leaves retuse h. S. truncaia.

Stem erect.

Leaves smooth or nearly so on both surfaces &. S. carpinifolia.

Leaves hairy, at least on the under surface.

Carpels 5. Petiole spiny 7. & spinosa.

Carpels more than 5.
Awns of ripe carpels, erect, longer than the deltoid calyx-
lobes 8. 5. cordifolia.

Sida.] XXV. MALVACE.t: (masters). ITy

Awns of ripe carpels equal to or shorter than the calyx-
lobes.
Leaves tapering at the base, smooth above, downy

below 9. S. rhombifolia.

Leaves roundish ovate-cordate, downy above and below ;

carpellary awns iuflexed 10. 5. grewioides.

1. S. linifolia^ Cav. Diss. i. 14. n. 23. t. 2./. 11. Annual or biennial,
with an erect, terete, pilose stem, branched from near the base, 1^—2 ft. high.
Leaves scattered, on short stalks ; blades linear-lanceolate, varyinj^ much in
size, entire or rarely minutely toothed ; stipules hail' the length of the petiole,
linear, foliaceous. Flowers stalked, in lax, terminal, corymbose cymes.
Calyx cup-like, 5-cleft; lobes deltoid, pilose. Petals white or crimson, twice
the length of the sepals. Carpels 5 or 6, blackish, scarcely beaked, 3-sidc(l,
inner sides reticulate; back furrowed. — S. linear if oUa,'6c\\\xm. M\<\')L\\(n\\\.
PI. Guin. 303.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter ! Cape Coast, T. Vogel ! Qiiorra ; .Vccra ; Sencijambia,
Ferrottet ! Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Bon !
Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith !
Occurs also in the "West Indies and on the north-eastern coast of S. America

2. S. urens, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 465. Perennial, with erect or trail-
ing, hirsute branches ; leafstalks as long as the leaves, which are cordate,
ovate, acute, serrate, more or less densely clothed with stellate hairs on both
surfaces. Flowers usually in dense clusters at the extremity of the branches,
rarely solitary, axillary. Calyx hispid, angular, cup-shaped, 5-cleft ; segments
acuminate. Carpels 5, not reticulated, awnless or with short beaks. —
? S. debilis, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 499. ? S. sessilijlora, Don, 1. c. i. 49y. ? S. dm-
sijlora, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 66.

Upper Guinea. West coast, Don ! Senegainbia, Hei'dclot ! Perrottd !
Nile Land. Sennar, Kotschy I Kordofan, White Nile, Petherick !
LiO'wer Guinea. Congo, Burton ! S^nifh !

A widely distributed plant, occurring in the Cape do Verde Islands, >Lndagascar, the ^^ est
Indies, Peru, Brazil, etc.

Judging from the description, Richard's S. densiflora belongs here.

3. S. triloba, Cav. ; DC. l^rod. i. 466 ; Cai\ Diss. i. /. 1. /. 2 aud I.
131. /. 1. SuftVuticose, glabrous, 2-3 ft. liigh. Leaves on long stalks, very
variable in form, cordate, palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes ovate, acuminate,
serrate ; the central lobe longer than the rest. Stipules leafy, oval-lanceolate.
Flowers small, on long axillary stalks. Calyx broadly bell-shaped, deeply
divided into 5-pointed lobes, which are at first erect, but afterwards become
patent. Petals whitish, exceeding the calyx. Carpels 8-10, in a depressed
ring, glabrous, with a very short beak, directed inwards. — 5. pcrmutata,
Hochst. PL Schirap. Abyss. Pavonia crenata, llochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimjier ! Roth ! Billon and Petit !
The plant also occurs in various parts of S. Africa.

4. S. humilis Cav.; DC. Prod. i. 463. A trailing annual or biennial
plant, with a cylindrical procumbent stem branched from nrnr the base ;
branches erect, with a few scattered, stellate or simple hairs. Leaves stalked,
roundish, acuminate, crenate-seiTate, hairv on both surfaces ; stipules linear

180 XXV. MALVACEAE (masters). [Sida.

ianceolate. Flowers axillary, solitary or twin, stalked ; pedicels exceeding
the' leaves or sometimes shorter, articulated. Calyx 5-parted ; segments tri-
angular, very acute. Corolla straw-coloured, scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Carpels 5, shortly bicuspidate, not reticulated on the surface. — Cav. Diss. v.
277. n. 402. t. 134. f. 2.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !

IiO'wer Guinea. Congo ? Burton !

Mozamb. Distr. Lake Nyassa, Dr. Kirk !

Found also in India, China, Boucbon, etc. Dr. Kirk's specimens, from Lake Nyassa, have
palmately 3-lobed leaves, and the awns are more bent inwards, but these characters are
scarcely sufficiently important without other warranty to establish a new species.

5. S. Schimperiana, Hochst. in Rich, Fl. Jbyss, i. 66. Perennial,
with a very thick woody rootstock, from the summit of which proceed a
large number of procumbent or erect repeatedly forked branches, 6-12 in.
long. Leafstalk shorter than the leaves, which are small, \ in. long, oblong,
retuse, cuneate at the base, sparsely covered with stellate hairs ; stipules
small, ligulate. Flowers solitary, axillary, on very short jointed stalks, which
are sometimes crowded towards the end of the branches. Calyx cyathiform,
5 -cleft ; lobes triangular; corolla pink. Fruit globular, of 5 glabrous, 1-
seeded, slightly beaked carpels (beak bent inwards) dehiscing along the inner
edge. — Bictyocarpus truncatus, Wight in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xi. 169.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Dillon and Petit I Karague hills, Speke and Grant !
Found also in India.

6. S. carpinifolia, Linn. ; Cav. Diss. t. 2./. 3 ; t. 3./. 10, 11 ; 1. 134.

/. 1. Perennial, with an erect cylindrical or slightly pilose much branched
stem. Leaves on short stalks, linear-lanceolate, serrate, smooth on both sur-
faces. Stipules linear, leafy, as long as or longer than the leafstalks. Flower-
stalks axillary, as long as or longer than the petioles, solitary or twin, rarely
tufted, 1-flowered, jointed in the middle. Calyx globular, smooth, 5-cleft;
segments triangular, acute. Petals twice the length of the calyx, spreading,
pale yeUow. Carpels 7 or 8, rugose, veined at the sides and provided with
two awns.— aS'. acuta, Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 460. S. stipulata, Cav. ; Hook. f.
Fl. Nigrit. 231. ;S'. rugosa, Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin. 304. S. ovata, Don,
Gen. Syst. 492. S. prostrata, Don, Gen. Syst. 490. S. Vogelii, Hook. f.
Fl. Nigrit. 231.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Cape Coast, and Fernando Po, T. Vogel ! St. Thomas,

Don !

Found also in India, New Granada, Mauritius, the Cape de Verde Islands, and subject to
great variation in stature, hairiness, etc.

7. S. spinosa, Li7in. ; DC. Prod. i. 460. Annual or perennial with
long erect or trailing branches covered with stellate pubescence. Leafstalks
nearly as long as the leaves, often provided at the base with a small hooked
tubercle. Leaves cordate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate, obtuse, serrate, nearly
smooth above, downy beneath. Flowerstalks axillary, solitary ot clustered,
jointed about the middle, longer than the leafstalks. Calyx cup-shaped, 10-
ribbed, 5-cleft ; lobes deltoid. Craples 5, somewhat membranous, slightly

Sida.] XXV. malvace^ (masters). 181

reticulate, with 2 short awns, aiul bursting irregularly toward tlic l)ase. —
S. scabra, Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin. 305. S. alba, Linn. Sp. 960. S. ulni
folia y Linn. Sp. 960.

Upper Guinea, Thonning.

Nile Ijand. Nubia, Kotschy ! ^Vhite Nile, Pethenck ! Abyssinia, ^^rlnmnjurlh
Unyoro, Speke and Grant !

Lo^rer Guinea. Congo, Smith !

Mozamb. Didtr. Seiiiiar, Dr. Kirk !

A common tropical weed much resembling some of the fdrms of S. rhombifolia, bu
distinguishable by the smaller number of carpels. The hooked s'linc from which the plan
derives its uame is not always present.

8. S. cordifolia, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 461. Perennial with an ereci
cylindrical stem, 4-5 ft. high, dividing into a few obliquely ascending
branches. Leaves stalked, oblong-obtuse, very downy on both sides, crenate
at the margins, 1^-2 in. long, 1-1 j in. broad. Petiole equal to the blade.
Stipules minute, linear, hairy, half the length of the petiole. Flowers small,
yellow, the lower ones on long axillary stalks, the upper ones nearly sessile
and aggregated together at the end of the stem and branches so as to form
a dense panicle. Calyx globose, 10-ribbed, 5-cleft ; segments triangular,
downy. Petals yellow, twice the length of the sepals. Carpels 10 in a
whorl, each three-sided ; back furrow^ed, sides with a raised network of
veins ; apex prolonged into long erect awns covered with reflected hairs and
projecting beyond the persistent calyx. — S. altha-ifolia^ Swartz, Guill. et Perr.
Fl. Seneg. i. 73. S. africana, Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii, 87. S. decagyna, Schum.
et Thonn. PI. Guin. 307.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter! W . Africa, Don ! Senegambia, Perrottct .' I'ogel !
Cape Coast, T. Vogel !

Nile Ijand. White Nile, Petherick ! Nubia, Kotschy ! Speke and Grant !

Iio^rer Guinea. Congo, Burton !

Mozamb. Distr. Shamo, Dr. Kirk ! Lower Shire Valley, Dr. Meller ! Zanzibar,
Bouton ! Mozambique, Forbes !

A common tropical weed found also at the Cape, in Natal, and Mauritius. It has had a
separate name at the hands of almost, every collector or botanist. Only those referring
to Africa are above cited.

9. S. rhombifolia, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 462. A much-branched
rarely glabrous perennial, varying much in stature and form of leaf. Leaf-
stalks short. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, usually cuneate at the base, some-
times rounded, slightly serrated, smooth above, more or less downy beneath.
Flowers solitary, on long, axillary, jointed stalks or clustered at the ends of
the branches. Calyx 10-ribbed, 5-cleft; segments deltoid or acuminate.
Carpels 9-10, smooth or slightly reticulate, shortly bi-aristate, rarely muli-
cous, opening by a small chink at the top. — S. riparia, Ilochst. PI. Sehimp,
Abyss. S. ostryrefolia, Webb, Frag. Fl. /Ethiop. 49.

Upper Guinea. St. Thomas, Don ! Niger, Barter ! Vogel ! Senegambia, Jleud^/ot !
Perrottet !

Nile Land. White Nile, Petherick ! Unyoro, Speke and Grant '

IiOTi^er Guinea. Congo, Smith !

A very variable plant, widely diffused throughout the tropics. Webb. 1. c, deacribes hi*
plant as having one-awned indehisccnt carpels ; probably merely an accidental ocrurrcuce, a»

182 XXV. MALVACE.^; (masters). [Slda.

on the same plant I have seen carpels with two distinct awns, or with one (from cohesion
of two) and sometimes none at all.

10. S. grewioideSy Gulll. ei Perr. FL Stneg. i. 71. Suffmtescent,
erect. Branches covered with stellate tomentum. Leafstalks shorter than
the oblong;, obtuse or roundish, crenate leaves, which are downy on both
surfaces. Flowers small, yellow, on solitary or geminate axillary pedun-
cles, which are shorter than the petioles. Calyx globose, lO-ribbed, 5-
cleft ; segments roundish or obovate, cuspidate. Carpels 7-8, indehiscent,
beaked or beakless ; beaks inflexed, reticulate at the sides. — S. aubrotunda,
Hochst. PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet !

Nile Land. Sennar, Kotschy ! Cordofan, Kotschy ! Abyssinia, Schbnper !
Mozamb. Distr. Mozambique, Forbes ! Lupata, Lr. Kirk ! Querimba, Peters !
Found also at Kurrachee by Stocks, and in Arabia by Ehrenbcrg. Garcke in Peters'
Mossamb. Bot. p. 128, mentions a form with more robust stem and larger leaves.

Tu addition to the preceding there is a figure and description of S. patens in Andr. Bot.
Rep. t. 571, said to have come from Abyssinia, but which I have failed to identify.

4. WISSADULA, Medik; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 204.

Bractlets none. Calyx 5-cleft. Ovary 5-celled, each cell with 2-3 or
rarely a solitary ovule; stigmas 5, capitate. Fruit truncate above, of 5 car-
pels partially connate below, divergent and pointed or beaked above, divided
internally by a transverse false dissepiment and splitting into 2 valves when
ripe. Seeds 1-2, pendulous in the lower part and ascending or rarely none
in the upper portion of the fruit. — A small shrub with cordate leaves and
small, paniculate, yellow flowers.

The genus differs from Abutilon and Sida in the false partition that crosses the carpel-
lary cavity, and from Sida in the divergent, not erect, carpellary beaks.

1. W. rostrata. Planch, in Fl. Nigrit. 229. An underslirub, thinly
covered with stellate hairs. Leaves, except the uppermost, on long stalks,
cordate-ovate, acuminate, nearly entire, smooth above, dow^ny and white be-
low. Stipules linear, subulate. Inflorescence a large, loose, panicled cyme.
Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla yellow, exceeding the calyx. Carpels 5, when ripe
three times the length of the calyx, united below, free above, each one burst-
ing above by two valves and divided by a false partition into two halves.
Seeds pendulous or ascending, the lower ones often much more tomentose
than the upper. — S. rostrata, Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin. 306. Ahuiilon
Inxiflorum, (juill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 66. A. periplocifoUum, Don, Gen.
Syst. i. 500; Webb, Spicil. Gorgon. 108. S. periplocifolia, Linn.; DC.
Prod. i. 467. TV. heterosperma, Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss. S. hete-
rosperma, Hochst. in PI. Kotsch. Nub.

Upper Guinea. Gold Coast, Vogel ! St. Thomas, Bon I Senegambia, Perrottet !
Niger, Barter !

Nile Ijand. '^whi^i, Kotschy ! Ahyssinisi, Schimper ! KorAofaiXiyCieMkows&i; Sennar,
Heughlin ; White Nile, v. Harnier.

Iiower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

fTissadula.] xxv. Malvaceae (masters). 183

Mozamb. Distr., Dr. Meller !

Found also ia the W . Indies, Brazil, and perhaps in India.

5. ABUTILON, Ggertn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 20r).

Bractlets 0. Calyx 5-cleft. Column divided at the apex into numerous
filaments. Ovary 5-co-celled, each with 1-3 or rarely more ovules. Styles
as many as the cells of the ovary. Ripe carpels united at the base or sepa-
rate, rounded, beaked or truncate at tlie summit. Seeds reniform, ascending
or horizontal. — Herbs or shrubs covered with down. Leaves cordate, angled
or lobed. Flowers axillary or terminal. — DC. Prod. i. 4G7, sect. Sidce.

A widely distributed genus whose species are found throughout the tropics of both hemi-
spheres. It is, however, only artificially separated from Sida iu the carpdlary awns being
directed outwards, not upwards, and iu the possession usually of more than one ovule in
each cell of the ovary. This latter is, moreover, an uncertain mark of distinction. The
number of carpels is generally greater in Abutilon than in Sida.

In India, with the exception of A. fruticosum^ the species of Abutiloti expand their
flowers in the evening; the Sidas^ on the other hand, flower in the daytime.

Eipe carpels rounded or reniform at the top.

Branches (especially the upper ones) angular 1. A. angulalum.

Branches usually terete.
Carpels rounded, awned.

Peduncles as long as or longer than the adjacent leaf . . . 'I. A. asiaiicum.
Peduncles shorter than the adjacent leaf. Stem downy and

villose Z. A. graveolens.

Carpels rounded, without awns.

Flowers in large, loose, terminal, much-branched panicles . . 4. A. lomjicuspe.
Flowers solitary, axillary, or, if panicled, densely so, and
with short pedicels.

Plant downy h. A. ylaucum.

Plant downy and with spreading hairs "i. A. graveolens.

Ripe carpels acute at the top, prolonged into 2 long awns.
Ripe carpels with (ultimately) long spreading points.

Ripe fruit cylindrical, much longer than the calyx G. A. macropodum.

Ripe fruit pateriform, not more than twice as long as the calyx.

Leaves ovate, acuminate, downy 1. A. zanzibaricum.

Leaves 3 -lobed, hispid ^. A. ramosum.

Ripe carpels with erect, not spreading points 'J. A. indicum.

Ripe carpels truncate, with short prolonged points.

Flowers small. Calyx shorter than the ripe fruit 10. A. bidentalum.

Flowers large (^ in. across). Calyx nearly equal to the ripe fruit . 11. A. hirtum.
Ripe carpels not seceding from the axis, truncate, acute, but without
prolonged points.

Calyx deeply 5-cleft, villose \'2. A. auritum.

Calyx shortly 5-cleft, downy 13. A.fruticosum.

1. A. angulatum, Mast. A tall perennial with angular branches,
covered with whitish down. Leafstalks longer than the leaves, wliich arc
roundish, cordate, acute or acuminate, slightly serrated, 5-7-nerved, paler on
the lower than on the upper surface. Stipules subfalcate, reHexed. Panicle
terminal, loose, muck branched, ultimately leafless. Peduncles jointed,
shorter than the petioles. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-cleft ; segments ovate, acute,
submucronate, much shorter than the yellowish corolla. Fruit subglo))os«-,

184 XXV. MALVACEiE (mastees). [Abutilon.

depressed, umbilicate, twice the lengtli of the persistent calyx. Carpels
about 20, subraembranous, obtuse, reniforra, 1-seeded. — Bastardia angulatay
Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 65. A. intermedium, Hochst. PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Perrottet !

Nile Land. Ahyssima, Schimper I Dillon et Peiii !

Iiower Guinea. Congo, Smith I

Mozamb. Distr., Dr. Metier ! Zambesi, Dr. Kirk I

A typical specimen of Perrottet's iu the British Museum shows that his Bastardia an-
gulata is referable to the same species as that subsequently called A. intermedium by
Hochstetter.

2. A. asiaticum, Bon, Gen. Syst. i. 503. An erect perennial whose
branches are covered with, down, mingled with a few villi. Leaves stalked,
cordate-ovate, acute, crenate-dentate, 7-12-nerved, downy on both surfaces,
stalks scarcely so long as the blades. Stipules leafy, subulate. Peduncles
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves, jointed near the top.
Calyx-segments deltoid, acuminate, as long or longer than the ripe fmit.
Petals reddish-yellow {Fogel), Fruit subglobose, depressed in the centre,
an inch or more in diameter, of 20 or more carpels, which ultimately fall
away from the axis, and are reniform, 2-mucronate, downy, and 3-seeded. —
Sida asiatica, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 470. S. guineensis, Schum. et Thonn.
PI. Guin. 307.

Upper Guinea. Niger, T. Vogell

Mozamb. Distr. Senna, Dr. JS'ir-t / Mozambique, For^^j/ Quilimane and elsewhere,

Peters.

A widely distributed plant in the tropics ; closely allied to A. indicum, but differing from
it in the greater relative length of the peduncles and of the calyx.

3. A. graveolens, Wight et Jrnott, Prod. Fl. Ind. i. 56. A tall per-
ennial covered with down, interspersed among which are a few spreading
villi. Leafstalks as long as the leaves, the latter orbicular- cordate, acumi-
nate, coarsely dentate, 7-12-nerved. Pedicels solitary, axillary, jointed,
shorter than the leafstalks. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-fid, its 5 segments oval,
cuspidate, shorter than the yellow corolla, but about equalling the ripe fruit
which latter is subglobose and consists of 20 carpels ultimately seceding
from the axis. Carpels membranous, oblong, somewhat rounded at the
apex, shortly beaked or muticous. Seeds reniform, 3 in each carpel. — Sida
graveolens, DC. Prod. i. 473. Abutilon tortuosum, Guill. et Pcjt. Fl. Seneg.
i. 68. A. Figarianum, Webb, Frag. Fl. ^tiiiop. 53.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet I

Nile Land. N\ibia, Kotschy ! Schweinfurth ! Abyssinia, Schimj)er I

Mozamb. Distr., Peters !

A common Indian plant, occurring also in Queensland.

4. A. longicuspe, HocJist. in Rich. Fl. Abyas. i. 68. A shrubby,
much-branched plant, thickly beset with fine down. Leaves stalked, cor-
date, broadly ovate, with long points, serrate, palmately 5-7 -nerved, paler
beneath. Flowers numerous, in large, terminal, much-branched, ultimately
leafless clusters. Pedicels jointed. Calyx broadly cup-shaped, 5-cleft ; seg-
ments acute, about one-third the length of the purplish reflected corolla.
Fruit subglobose, umbilicate, downy, longer than the persistent calyx. Ca

Abutilon.] xxv. Malvaceae (masters). 185

pels about 20, obtuse, reniform, 1 -seeded, ultimately seceding from the axis.
— Sida longicuspis, Hoclist. PI. Schimp. Abyss. S. acuminata, R. Br. in Salt,
Abyss. App. 65.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Salt ! Schimper !
Mozamb. Distr. Mount Chiradzura, Dr. Sleller!

5. A. glaucuxn, fVebb in Hook. Fl. Nigrit. 109. A tall perennial or
undershrub with cylindrical, downy branches. Leafstalks about as lon;^ as
the leaves, which latter are roundish or slip^htly angular, cordate, acuminate,
irregularly dentate, 7-9-nerved, downy on both surfaces. Panicles axillary
and terminal. Floral leaves deciduous. Peduncles jointed, scarcely as long
as the petioles. Calyx cup-shaped, its 5 segments ovate, cuspidate, some-
times deltoid and acuminate, shorter than the corolla. Petals pinkish with a
deeper coloured spot at the base. Fruit subglobose, depressed at the top,
very downy, exceeding the persistent calyx. Carpels 20 or more, ultimately
seceding, membranous, reniform, beakless, each 2-3-seeded. — A. asiaticum,
Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 67, nonLinn. Sidaglaiica, Cav. Ic. i. 8. t. 11. S.
mutica, Delile, 111. Fl. Egypte, 60, n. 45. S. pannosa, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss.
App. 65, an Forst. ? Abutilon muticum, Webb, Frag. Fl. iEthiop. 51. A.pan-
nosum, Webb, 1. c.

Upper Guinea. Senegarabia, Heudelot ! Bninner !

Nile Iiand, SpeJce and Orant ! Sennar, Kotschy ! Nubia, Solurba, ScJitceinfurth !
Abyssinia, Salt ! Petit !

A widely distributed plant, occurring in Egypt, the Cape de Verde Islands, Affghauistan,
and the hotter parts of Asia.

Webb, in the ' Niger Flora,' showed that the Abutilon asiaticum of Guillemin and Perrottet
was referable to the same species as the Sida mutica of Delile, both names however being
superseded by the prior one of Cavauilles, S. glauca, hence Webb's name of A. glaucum.
Subsequently, in the ' Fragmentum Florulae jEthiopise,' Webb considered that the Senegal
plant belonged to Abutilon or rather to Sida pantiosa, Forst. Where Forster published
this species is not known to me. R. Brow^n, however, as shown by a ms. note to one of
Salt's specimens ii\ the British Museum, was of the same opinion. Webb, further, in the
last-named publication seeks to distinguish A. muticum from A.pannosum, on the ground
of certain slight differences in the form of the stipules, sepals, colour of tlowers, etc. ; but
none of these differences (unless it be the colour of corolla) are constant even on the same
specimen. Hence it has not been thought advisable to adhere to Webb's latest views, but
to those expressed in the ' Niger Flora.'

6. A. macropodum, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 69. ^ 14. A low-
growing, much-branched, suffrutescent perennial, the younger shoots and
leaves downy. Petioles 1-2 in. long, equalling the leaves, which are cordate,
roundish, obscurely 3-lobed ; lobes broad entire or crenate. Stipules linear.
Pedicels nearly as long as the leaves, simple, solitary, axillary, 1 -flowered,
thickened at the apex, jointed. Sepals ovate, acute, slightly cuspidate,
downy, much shorter than the ripe fruit, which is cylindrical, truncate,
scarcely an inch long, about an inch across, and consisting of 20 or more
membranous, readily-separable carpels, each terminated by two awns, which
are at first erect and ultimately spread horizontally. Seeds large ; columella
thick cylindrical or clavate, longer than the calyx.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet !

Apparently a well-marked species as to its habit and the great comparative size of the
ripe carpels.

186 XXV. MALVACEAE (MASTERS). [JbutUon.

7. A. zanzibaricum, Bojer, mss. ? An undershrub or tall perennial with
downy branches. Leafstalks as long or longer than the blades, which are
cordate, ovate, acuminate, wavy at the margins, downy on both surfaces,
paler beneath, 7-9-nerved. Flowers yellow, in terminal leafy panicles. Pe-
duncles erect or spreading, as long as the petioles, jointed. Calyx-segments
lanceolate, downy. Eipe fruit flat at the top, umbilicate, 1-1 1 in. diam.,
twice the length of the persistent calyx. Carpels 20, spreading, ultimately
separating from the columella, oblong, very acute, blackish, membranous,
terminating in two teeth.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !

Lower Guinea. Cougo, Burton !

Mozamb. Distr. Senua, Zambesi, Kirk I Zanzibar, Bouton !

8. A. ramosum, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 68. An erect branching
perennial clothed with dense tomentum, intermixed with long spreading
hairs. Leaves on long stalks, broadly ovate-cordate, acuminate, sometimes
3-cuspidate, slightly hairy on both surfaces, crenate-serrate, palraately 5-7-
nerved. Stipules linear. Peduncles axillary and terminal, shorter than the
petioles, slender, cylindrical, trichotomous ; pedicels jointed. Calyx cup-
shaped, 5-cleft ; segments acute, half the length of the white (or yellow ?)
roundish petals. Eipe fruit longer than the calyx. Carpels 8-10, each ter-
minating in two long villose spreading or reflexedawns, and splitting through
the dorsal suture. Seeds 2-3 in each carpel. — Sida ramosa, Cav. Diss. i. 28.
t. 6. f. 1. Ahutilon sparmannioides, Guill. et PeiT. Fl. Seneg. i. 70. A.
elceocarpoides, Webb, Frag. Fl. ^thiop. 52.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Brunner ! Perrottet !
Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Kordofan, Sennar, Kotschy !
This species occurs in Bombay and N.W. India. The Mexican A. Thurberi, A, Gray,
approximates very closely to it.

9. A. indicum^ Don, Gen. Syd. i, 504. A downy perennial with leaf-
stalks generally shorter than the leaves, the latter cordate-ovate, acuminate,
irregularly crenate-dentate, 7-9-nerved, downy on both surfaces. Flower-
stalks solitary axillary or aggregated towards the ends of the branches, simple
or slightly branched, longer than the leafstalks, jointed above the middle.
Calyx cup-shaped, its 5 segments ovate, cuspidate, shorter than the yellow
petals. Eipe iruit cylindrical or narrowed below the top, truncate, of nu-
merous seceding carpels, each of which is oblong, acute and terminated by
2 points, 1 directed inwards and downwards, the other outwards and up-
wards. Seeds 3 in each carpel. — -S'^Wa i«c?ica, DC. Prod. i. 471. S. gran-
diflora, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 504.

Upper Guinea. St. Thomas, Bon ! Niger, Barter ! Abbeokuta, Irving !

Nile Iiand, Speke and Grant I Abyssinia, Schimper !

Mozamb. Distr. Seshike, Br. Kirk ! Manganya hills, Br. Meller ! Shamo, JDr.
Kirk !

Widely distributed throughout the tropics and variable in stature, hairiness, length of
carpellary teeth, etc.

10. A. bidentatum^ Hochst. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 68. An erect
undershrub with slender downy branches. Leaves on short stalks, cordate-

AbuiUon.'] XXV. MALVACE.E (MASTERS). 18?

ovate, acute, scarcely acuminate, minutely toothed, sli<,Mitly pilose and villose
on both surfaces. Flowers in small axillary panicles. IVduncles lonj^er
than the petioles, jointed above. Calyx 5-fid ; se^nnents di-lloid, acuminate,
shorter than the ripe fruit, which latter is subglobose, truncate, depressed.
Carpels 16-20, 3-seeded, compressed, truncate at the apex and 2-dentate,
one tooth directed outwards, the other towards the centre of the llower.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Sc/iitn/ier ! Soturba, Schiceinfurth ! Kordofaii, Sinuar, fide
Webb.
Found also in Arabia.

11. A. hirtum, Bon, Gen. Si/st. i. 503. A tall, erect, perennial plant,
whose branches are covered with down, interspersed among wiiich are a few
brownish spreading villi. Leaves on long stalks, ovate-cordate, acute, sub-
acuminate, coarsely serrate, 6-7-nerved, downy on both surfaces. Stipules
persistent, subulate. Peduncles simple or branched, axillary or terminal,
about the length of the leafstalk, articulate near the top. Calyx subglobose,
5-fid, its segments oval, cuspidate, equalling the ripe carpels. Petals large,
bright orange, hairy at the base. Fruit truncate, depressed. Carpels 12 or
more, oblong, truncate above and terminating in 2 short teeth, 1 looking
outwards the other towards the centre of the flower. Seeds 3 in each carpel.
— Sldu hirta, Lam. Diet. i. 7. Abidilon helerolrichum, Hochst. PI. Schimp.
Abyss. A. Kotschyi, Hochst. in Webb, Frag. Fl. iEthiop. 52.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimpei' ! Plowden! Kordofan, Kotsclnj ! White Nile, v.
Uarnier !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Senna, Tette, Peters.

'I'he same species occurs on the coast of Venezuela, where a specimen was coUcrtcd by
Buschell, and which is now deposited in the liookeriau herbarium.

12. A. aurituxn. Mast. A perennial, covered for the most part with
fine down, intermingled with which are a few villi. Leaves on very long
hispid stalks, orbicular, cordate, acuminate, dentate, downy on both surfaces,
villous or hispid along the nerves. Stipules large, oblique, broadly ovate-
lanceolate. Inflorescence a terminal, ultimately leafless, panicle ; pedicels
short, jointed below the middle. Calyx hispid, deeply 5-parted ; segments
ovate-lanceolate. Kipe fruit cylindrical, truncate, umbilicate, longer than
the persistent calyx. Cai-pels 20, not seceding, oblong, subrostmte, blackish,
membranous, dehiscing along the dorsal suture, each 3-seeded. Seeds covered
with tufts of stellate hairs. — Sida aurita, Wall. Cat. n. 1860 !

Upper Guinea. Wellington, Sierra Leone, Dr. Kirk! This is identical wilh Wal-
lich's plant above cited.

13. A. fruticosum, Gnill. et Perr. FL Seueg. \. 73. A much branched
rigid perennial or undershrub, densely covered with fine white dow n. Leaves
small, on short stalks, cordate-ovate, acute, denticulate, covered with soft
whitish down on both surfc\ces ; stipules linear. Peduncles solitary, axillar>-,
longer than the petiole, l-3-flowered, jointed. Calyx hall the length of ihe
corolla ; calyx-lobes ovate, acute. Fruit cylindrical, truncate, about j in.
long, scarcely shorter than the calyx. Carpels 10, persistent, each one ob-
long, truncate, with no beak, splitting down the back. Seeds 2-3 in each
carpel, tuberculnte.— y/. microphjllum, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 70. t. xv. A. den-

188 XXV. MALVACE^ (masters). [AbutUon.

tictdatum, Pres. Mus. Senk. i. 182. J. albidum, Webb et Berthelot, Canar.
iii. 39. t. 2. Sida Kotschyi, Hochst. mss. S. gracilis, E,. Br, in Salt,
Abyss. App. 65.

Nile Iiand. Sennar, Kotschy ! Kordofan, Kotschy ! Nubia, Soturba, Schweinfurth !
Abyssinia, Salt !

The plant varies in the size of its leaves. It occurs in Upper Egypt, the Canaries, as
well as in Arabia, Aden, Palestine, and Scinde.

From a manuscript note attached to Salt's Abyssinian specimens, in the British Museum,
it appears that the flowers of this species expand in the daytime only, most Abutilons being
evening flowerers. It is curious that the same thing has been noticed by Stocks in Scinde,
who says of the present species, " Unlike the other Abutilons, this oue expands its flowers
in the middle of the day, like the Sidas."

6. MALACHRA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 205.

Bractlets numerous, arranged with the flowers in dense heads ; the outer
ones large, foliaceous ; the inner ones linear, crowded, but not forming a dis-
tinct epicalyx to each flower. Calyx 5 -parted. Column short, truncate or
5-toothed. Ovary 5-celled. Styles 10. Stigmas capitate. E,ipe carpels
separating from the axis, obovoid, indehiscent or slightly dehiscent at the
upper and inner edge. Seeds reniform, one in each carpel. Radicle inferior.
— Hispid herbs, with angular or lobed leaves ; flowers yellowish white or
purplish, in dense axillary or terminal clusters.

The species are widely distributed throughout the tropics of both hemispheres.

Leaves roundish, slightly 3-7-lobed ; lobes broad, at least at the base . \. M. capitata.
Leaves deeply 3-7-parted ; lobes narrow 2. M. radiata.

1. M. capitata, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 440. An erect, coarsely hairy
perennial, with roundish stalked leaves. Flowers in axillary and terminal
heads, shortly stalked. Bracts 3 or 4, roundish, acute, with a white spot at
the base. Calyx 5-parted, its lobes subulate. Petals yellow or white, 2 or
3 times longer than the calyx. Fruit subglobose or turbinate, depressed, of
5 slightly rough carpels. — M. hispida, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 47.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, PerroUet !
Lioiver Guinea. Congo, Smith !
A common West Indian plant.

2. M. radiata, Linn. ; DC. Prod.i. 440. An erect perennial or under-
shrub, coarsely hairy with spreading hairs. Leaves on short stalks, palmately
5-7-sect ; segments oblong, lanceolate, crenate, serrulate, pilose. Stipules
linear. Flowers numerous, in terminal, subglobose heads, 1-2 in. diam.
Bracts of the involucre 5 or more, very shortly stalked, suborbicular, obtuse
or provided with a long tail-like point. Bractlets very numerous, linear, as
long as or longer than the urceolate 5 -cleft calyx, whose segments are del-
toid and densely hispid. Corolla reddish, twice the length of the calyx.
Fruit turbinate, depressed in the centre. Carpels 5, oblong, obtuse, thin,
submembranous, reticulate, half the length of the calyx.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter!
Iiower Guinea. Congo, Smith !
Occurs also in Mexico, the "West Indies, Brazil, and other parts of S. America.

XXV. MALVACEAE (MASTEKS). 189

7. URENA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 205.

Bractlets 5, adnate to the calyx. Calyx 5-cleft. Stainiual column trun-
cate at the apex or 5-toothed; anthers numerous, nearly sessile. Ovary 5-
celled, with a single ovule in each cell. Styles 10. Stigmas capitate. Ripe
carpels indehiscent, separating from the axis, covered with hooked bristles.
Seeds ascending. — Rigid herbs or undershrubs. Leaves angled or lobed.
Flowers sessile or on very short stalks, often clustered. Flowers yellow.

Only differs from Pavonia in the hooked carpels. The species arc widely distributed
throughout the tropics of both hemispheres.

1. U. lobata, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 441. An erect stiff shrub or herb,
more or less pilose in all parts, and often provided with stellate tomentum.
Leaves exceedingly variable in size and form ; stalk shorter than the blade,
which latter is sometimes linear oblong or oblanceolate, coarsely toothed, with
hardly an indication of lobes, at other times suborbicular, subcordate or
wedge-shaped at the base, more or less deeply 3-5-lobed, slightly scabrous
above tomentose below and palmately 3-5- or 7-nerved ; nerves prominent on
the under surface and provided with 1-3 glands near the base. Flowers
solitary or geminate, on short, axillary, articulate stalks. Epicalyx of 5 ob-
long-lanceolate, erect segments as long as the ripe fruit. Corolla pink,
three times the length of the calyx. Fruit subglobose, depressed at the top,
of 5 obtuse, three-sided, indehiscent carpels. — U. americana, Linn. R. Br. in
Tuck. Congo App. 484. U. diversifolia, Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin. 308.
U. virgata, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 48. U. obtusata, Giiill. et Perr. Fl.
Seneg. i. 48. U. tricuspis, Cav. Diss. vi. 334. U. sinuata, Linn. ; DC. Prod,
i. 442.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Terrottet ! Gambia, Park ! Whitjield ! Eeudelot !
Niger, T. Vogel ! Barter ! Milne ! Fernando Po, Barter !

Nile I«and, Speke and Or ant ! Sennar, Duke of Wiirtemberg ; AVhite Nile, r. Uaniifr.

Mozamb. Distr., Forbes ! Br. Kirk I

This species is widely spread throughout the tropics and subtropical regions of both hemi-
spheres, and occurs also in Queensland. It is exceedingly variable in the shape of the
leaves, the proportions of the several parts of the flower, and the size of the hooks ou the
carpels. U. sinuata is generally considered as a distinct species, having more deeply di-
vided leaves, with 3 glands on the under surface, but it becomes evident that no reliance can
be placed on these characters when a suite of specimens, from many localities, is examined.
A deeply-lobed form is cultivated, according to Barter, in the Niger districts, for the sake of
its fibre.

8. PAVONIA, Cav.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 205.

Bractlets of the epicalyx 5-oo, distinct or connate. Calyx 5-cleft or
toothed. Column truncate or 5-toothed at the apex ; filaments numerous.
Ovary 5 -celled. Styles 10. Stigmas capitate. Ripe caq)els separating from
the axis, rounded or truncate at the upper end, aristate or muricate (not glo-
cbidiate), sometimes winged, indehiscent or rarely slightly 2-valv<'d. Radicle
inferior. — Herbs or shrubs, covered with down or hair or smooth. Leaves
angular or lobed. Flowers stalked, axillary or clustered. Petals spreading
or convolute.

190 XXV. MALVACE-E (MASTERS). [Pavonia.

A rather large genus, whose species are met with in the tropics of both hemispheres, the
islands of the Pacific, and even in Australia.

Epicalyx of 5-6 segments. (Sect. Lehretonia)

Carpels muricate 1. P. procumberis.

Carpels smooth.

Segments of the epicalyx broad, exceeding the calyx . . . 2. P. macrophylla.
Segments of the epiealyx narrow, shorter than the calyx . . 3. P. Meyeri.
Epicalyx of 6-12 segments.
Carpels prickly or awned.

Prickles softish, reflexed 4. P. hirsuta.

Carpels with 2 stout awns 5. P. propinqua.

Carpels with 3 awns 6. P. Schimperiana

Carpels smooth, neither prickly nor awned.
Carpels winged.

Carpellary wings narrow 7- P. zeylanica.

Carpellary wings broad.

Bractlets 10-12, slightly exceeding the calyx .... 8. P. Koischyi.

Bractlets 15-20, very long 9. P. clathrata.

Carpels entirely without wings.

Leaves entire or nearly so 10. P. arabica.

Leaves palmately divided, downy beneath 11. P. odorata

1. P. glechoxnsefolia, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 54. A rigid procumbent
plant, with slender hirsute branches. Leafstalks as long as the blades, which
are cordate-roundish, somewhat 3-lobed, the central lobe longest, crenate-
serrate, hairy on both surfaces. Stipules linear. Peduncles slender, axillary,
1-flowered, as long as or longer than the petioles, jointed near the top. Epi-
calyx of 5-6, spreading, oval or lanceolate; segments exceeding the calyx.
Corolla yellow, longer than the epicalyx. Carpels 5, oblong, obtuse, some-
what woody, muricate, sometimes having a dorsal, serrulated crest. — Ui-ena
glabra, R. Br. in Salt» Abyss. App. 65. Lebretonia procumhens, Wight
and Am. Prod. Fl. Tnd. i. 47. Lebretonia cordata, Hochst. PL Schimp.
Abyss.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Salt ! Schimper ! Kordofan, Cienkowski.
Mozaxnb. Distr. Lupata, Zambesi, Br. Kirk ! Senna, Peters.
The form and size of the leaves and the spiny tubercles are subject to much variation. In
Abyssinia the plant is said to close its flowers after noon.
The species occurs in India, Ceylon, Arabia, etc.

2. P. macrophylla, E. Mey. ; Harv. and Sond. M. Cap. i. 169. A
tall, erect, pilose, branched herb or undershrub. Leaves on long stalks, oval,
cordate acuminate, sometimes somewhat 3-lobed, coarsely and irregularly
crenate-serrate, pubescent ; nerves prominent below and ciliolate. Peduncles
slender, axillary. 1-flowered, as long as or longer than petiole, jointed above.
Epicalyx of 5 or rarely 7, foliaceous, elliptic, acute segments, exceeding the
sepals in length. Petals pink, three times the length of the calyx. Carpels 5,
obovate, with prominent reticulated nerves. Styles 8-10. Seed solitary in
each carpel, reniform, smooth, ascending. — TJrena mollis, R. Br. in Salt,
Abyss. App. 65 ; Hophst. PI. Schimp. Abyss. P. (Lebretonia) crenata, Hochst.
PI. Schimp. Abyss. Lebretonia acuminata, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 53. t. 13.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Salt ! Pearce ! Schimper ! Plowden ! Roth ! "White Nile, v.
Marnier ; Uganda, Speke and Grant !

South Central. Lake Ngami, JW'(?ai^/

Favonia.] xxv. malvace^ (masters). 191

This plant occurs also at Natal, the Cape of Good Hope, Bourbon, etc.

3. P. Meyeri, Mast. A much-branched, downy, herbaceous plant.
Leaves on long stalks, roundish-subcordate, sub-3-cuspidate or even more
deeply divided, crenate-dentate, downy on both surfaces, 5-7-nerved. Te-
duncles solitary, axillarj^ remote or crowded at tlie ends of the branches,
shorter than the petioles, not jointed. Epicalyx of 9-^ ligulate bracts,
shorter than the cup-shaped 5-parted calyx, whose lance-shaped segments are
traversed by three prominent green nerves. Corolla pink. Fruit of 5 cohe-
rent, oblong, obtuse, 3-sided, woody carpels. — P. mollis, E. Mey. ; Harv.
and Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 169 ; nee H. B. K. Nov. Gen. v. 283.

Mozamb. Distr. Manganya hills, Br. Meller !
Frequent iu some parts of the Cape, also found in Natal.

4. P. hirsuta, Guill. et Terr. Fl. Seneg. i. 51. An erect or ascend-
ing, much-branched, downy or villose perennial or undershrub. Petioles of
varying length, sometimes very short, at other times as long as or longer than
the blades. Leaves subcoriaceous, scabrous above, downy below, cordate, sub-
orbicular obtuse or acute, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed, coarsely and irregularly
toothed. {Stipules linear, deciduous. Flowers on solitary stalks, in the axils
of the upper leaves, crow^ded so as to resemble a leafy panicle. Epicalyx of
12 linear villose segments, united at the base. Calyx campanulate, as long as
or longer than the epicalyx, 5-parted; lobes ovate-lanceolate, traversed by
3-5 greenish, longitudinal striae. Corolla yellow, with a purple centre, 2-3
in. across, much exceeding the calyx. Styles 10. Carpels 5, shorter than
the calyx, oblong, obtuse or with an inflexed point, woody, rugose, covered
with reflexed bristles, seceding one from another when ripe. — VValp. Rep. i.
297. P. insignis, ^eiiz\ in Plant. Kotschy and in Webb, Frag. Fl. iEthiop.
42.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet ! Heudeloi !

North Central. Kouka, E. Vogel !

Nile Iiand, Kotschy ! Speke and Grant ! "White Nile, Petherick ! Kordofan, Cim-
kowski !

The plant seems to be subject to slight variation in habit, but not sufficient to warrant
specific distinction, as many intermediate forms may be found. The carpels are more or less
covered with mucilaginous exudation.

5. P. propioqua^ Gar eke in Schwcnf. Fl. jEthiop. i. 55. A small

undershrub, with an eject woody stem, dividing into numerous elongate
cj^lindrical branches, the younger ones sparingly clothed with stellate hairs.
Leaves stalked, 1-4 in. long, oblong, obtuse, subcordate at the base, unequally
crenate-dentate, scantily covered with stellate hairs ; stalks for the most part
shorter than the blade. Stipules linear, subulate. Peduncles solitary-, axil-
lary, remote or clustered and subcapitate at the ends of the branches, 1-
flowered, jointed. Epicalyx of 10 linear-lanceolate ciliolate bracts, half as
long again as the sepals. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-cleft ; lobes ovate-lanroolate.
Corolla yellow, more than an inch across, exceeding the epicalyx in length.
Fruit subglobose, depressed, of 5 coherent, oblong, 3-si{le(l woody carpels ;
back convex, sides flat, provided at the upper angles with two short prickles.
— P. grewioid^s, Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss.

192 XXV. MALVACEAE (MASTEUs). \_Pavonia.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Some of the specimens have a curious fleshy process at the base of the carpels.

6. P. Schixnperiana, Hochst. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 52. A villose or
tomentose, erect perennial or undershrub, 3-4 ft. high. Stalks of the
lower leaves as long as the blades ; upper ones shorter ; leaf-blades cordate,
palmately 5-7-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, coarseW serrate, smooth
or very downy. Peduncles shorter than the petioles, aggregated in the axils
of the leaves. Epicalyx of 10-12 linear ciliolate segments. Calyx beU-
shaped, 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate, 3-nerved, shorter than the epicalyx.
Carpels 5, 1-seeded, indehiscent, somewhat w^oody, obtuse, 3-gonous, \vith
3 long erect awns, clothed with reflexed hairs and projecting beyond the
calyx. — Walp. Ann. ii. 140. P. tomentosa, Hochst. PL Schimp. Abyss.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Salt ! Pearce ! Schimper ! Roth ! Parkyns ! Karague hills,
Speke and Grant !

Mozaxub. Distr. Chiradzura mountains, Br. Meller !

The plant varies considerably in the proportional size of its leaves, in the more or less
dense covering of hairs, and iu the remoteness or approximation of its flowers. Specimens
gathered on the hills are much more downy than those collected on lower ground. Garcke
inclines to the opinion that the two forms here united (as also by Richard) are distinct. He
also considers the tomentose form to be identical with P. urens, of Cavanilles, a point not
readily determined without seeing authentic specimens.

7. P. zeylanica, Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 444. A much-branched, hispid
perennial, 2-3 feet high, with a thick woody stock, dividing at its apex into
numerous elongated, decumbent branches. Leaves on long stalks, cordate,
roundish, deeply 3-5-lobed; the central lobes longest, dentate. Stipules
subulate. Peduncles solitary, axillary, as long or longer than the petioles,
jointed near the top. Epicalyx of 10 linear, ciliolate bracts, longer than the
cup-shaped calyx. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla exceeding the epicalyx, pink
or yellow (?) Carpels 5, oblong, obtuse, 3-sided ; back flat with convex sides
and a rudimentaiy marginal wing. Seeds slightly hairy. — Hibiscus senega-
lensis, Cav. Diss. t. 68. f. 1. Pavonia triloba, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg.
i. 50.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet ! Heudelot I
Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Kordofan, CienTcowski.

The species occurs in India, Ceylon, the Mauritius, etc. It varies greatly in the form and
lobation of the leaves.

8. P. Kotschyi, Hochst. in JVtbb, Frag. Fl. ^thiop. 43. A low grow-
ing woody perennial, dividing at the summit of the stock into a number of
closely set, erect or spreading branches, densely villose. Leaves stalked, ob-
long-ovate, obtuse, coarsely serrate, 3-5-nerved. Stipules linear. Peduncles
solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, as long or longer than the leaves, jointed at the
summit. Epicalyx of 10 linear, ciliolate bracts, exceedmg the cup-shaped
5-parted calyx, whose segments are lance-shaped, villose. Corolla yellow,
scarcely an inch across, as long or longer than the epicalyx. Fruit of 5, 1-
seeded, oblong, subfoliaceous carpels, each provided with two large wings.

North Central. Kouka, E. Yog el !

Nile Iiand. Sennar, Kolschy I Kordofan, Cienkowski ; Abyssinia, bchimper !

Also found in Arabia.

Pavotda.] xxv. malvacej: (masters). 193

9. P. clathrata^ Mast. A perennial or miderslirub, wliose brandies are
densely covered with long slin<icry l^airs. Leaves on long stalks, roundish,
cordate, deeply palmately 5-7-lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse or acute, sinuous
or serrulate. Stipules setaceous. Peduncles solitsiry, axillary, l-Howered,
jointed near the top, as long as or longer than the leafstalk. Kpicalyx of 15-
20 long, ciliolale, distinct bractlets. Calyx much shorter than the* e|)icalyx,
bell-shaped, 5-parted ; segments lanceolate, hairy. Corolla pink, scarc'ely
longer than the bractlets. Carpels 6, ovate, pointed, winged at the edges,
shorter than the calyx and concealed by the overarching epicalyx. ISecds
numerous, glabrous except at the hiluni.

South Central. North Shaw Valley, Baines !

The very long erect bracts, which ultimately arch over the capsule and resemble a bird-
cage, furnish good marks whereby to distinguish this species.

10. P. arabica, Ilachst. PL Schimp. Afnjss. An erect, tufted, tomen-
tose perennial or undershrub, with few spreading branches. Leafstalks as
long as the blades, which are oblong, subcordate, obtuse or syblruncate,
entire or wnth small dentations at the apex. Stipules linear. Peduncles
solitary, axillary, as long as or longer than the leafstalk. Epicalyx of 10-20
linear villose bracts arching over the ripe fruit. Calyx cup-shaped, siiorter
than the bracts, its 5 segments lanceolate. Corolla pink, longer than the
calyx. Fruit subglobose, about the size of a pea, of 5 somewhat woody, ob-
long-obtuse, 3-sided, villose carpels, shorter than the epicalyx.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Ehrenberg !

Occurs also in Scinde and Arabia.

The Indian specimens have sometimes lobed leaves, when they greatly resemble some of
the forms of P. zeylanica. The Abyssinian plant is so distinct iu appearance that it is hue
kept distinct, but probably it will ultimately merge into P. zeylanica.

11. P. odorata, Willd. ; DC. Prod. i. 444-. An erect herbaceous plant,

covered with sticky hairs. Leafstalks as long as or longer than the blades,
which latter are cordate ovate, obscurely lobed, somewhat 3-cuspidate, den-
tate, palmately 3-5-nerved, densely hairy beneath. Peduncles solitary, axil-
lary or clustered at the ends of the branches, as long as the leaves, 1-flowercd.
Epicalyx of 10-12 linear ciliolate segments, longer than the sepals. Calyx-
lobes 5, lanceolate. Corolla pink, twice the length of the calyx. Fruit of
5 obovate, unarmed carpels.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Ehrenberg !
Mozauxb. Distr. Querimba, Feters !

A common Indiau plant, probably occurring in other parts of Africa than those above
mentioned.

9. KOSTELETZKYA, Presl ; Benth. et Hook. f. Cicn. PI,

200

Bractlets 7-10, very small or obsolete. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed. Sta-
minal column entire or 5-toothed. Ovary 5 -celled, with 1 ovule in each cell.
Styles 5. Stigmas capitate. Capsule oblong, depressed, dehiscing loculici-
dally along the 5 projecting angles. Seeds reniform, Hat, asccmling.— Herbs
or shrubs, with hispid leaves. Flowers purple or )A\o\s.— II tbisci, sect.
Pentaspermum, DC.

VOL. I. "

194 XXV. MALVACEAE (masters). {Kosteletzl'ya.

1. K. adoensis, HocJist. ex Walp. Ann. ii. 143. A large herb or
underslirub, with erect, rod-like branches, traversed by a line of hairs along-
one side, and which shifts at every joint to the opposite side. Leaves on long
stalks, roundish, cordate, acuminate, 3-nerved, sometimes 3-cuspidate, coarsely
serrate, slightly hairy. Stipules linear, ciliolate. Peduncles very slender,
branched, scarcely so long as the petioles. Bractlets 7-10, linear-lanceolate,
hairy. Calyx longer than the epicalyx, 5-lobed, its lobes oval-lanceolate,
ciliate. Corolla yellow uith a purple centre, twice tbe size of the calyx.
Capsule hispid, depressed, pentagonal, deeply furrowed, dehiscing at the
salient angles^, 5-celled, 5-seeded. Seeds flat. — Hibiscus ternijlorus, Garcke
in Bot. Zeit. vii. 833.

Nile Ijand. Sennar, Heughlin ; Abyssinia, Salt ! Pearce ! Sckirnper ! Dillon and
Petit !

Mozamb. Distr. Island of Zanzibar, Bouton !

Garcke, in Scbweinfurth's ' Beitrage,' mentions, under the var. hispid issitn a, a form of
this species covered with long spreading hairs, which I have not seen.

10. SENRA, Cav. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 207.

Bractlets 3, large, cordate, ultimately membranous. Calyx short, 5-
toothed. Ovary 5-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles 5, dilated above,
ol)liquely truj[icated at the top. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds solitary in each
cell by abortion, reniform, ascending, pubescent or villose. — An undershrub
covered with fine down. Flowers yellow or purple. — Serrcea (errore), Cav.
1. c. Dumreichtra, Steud. and Hochst. in PL Schimp. Abyss.

1. S. incana, Cav. Diss. ii. 83. t. 35./. 3; DC. Prod. i. 457. A
much-branched undershrub, its herbaceous portions covered with soft down.
Leaves on long stalks, roundish, cordate, palmately 3-5-lobed, denticulate.
Stipules fugitive, setaceous, tomentose. Peduncles solitary, axillary, con-
tinuous, not jointed, sometimes crowded in lotig, terminal or axillary, erect,
leafy racemes. Epicalyx of 3 oval, cordate, membranous, palminerved leaf-
lets. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-fid, its segments equal, lanceolate-acute, submera-
branous. Petals wedge-shaped, obovate, oblique, violet below% yellow above,
or all violet, shorter than the involucre, but double the size of the calyx.
Style 5-fid. Ovary 5-furrowed, 5-celled, with 2 ovules attached to the inner
angle of each cell. Capsule ovoid, roundish, reticulate, membranous, locu-
licidally 5-valved, the valves opposite to the calyx-lobes, their margins
slightly winged. Seeds solitary by abortion, spotted with black dots and
pilose. — Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. t. iv. 70. t. 4. S. araOica,
Webb, Prag. Fl. vEthiop. 48. S. nubica, Webb, 1. c.

Nile Land. Kordofan, Kotschy ! kh'^'s^rnxSi^Ehrenberg ; Sennar, Duke of Wiirtemberg.
This singular plant is also a native of Arabia and Scinde. The variations in the size of
the calyx and bractlets are too incoustant to be considered of specific in)portauce.

11. HIBISCUS, Medik; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 207.

Epicalyx of 5 or more distinct or more or less connate bractlets. Calyx
5-lobed or toothed. Staminal column truncate or 5 -toothed at the summit.
Ovary 5-celled with 3 or more ovules in each cell. Style simple below, divid-

Hibiscus.'] XXV. Malvaceae (masters), 195

in<^ above into 5 branches, each terminated by a capitate stigma. Capsule
coriaceous, loculicidally 5-valved, somL'tinics (§ Parilium) with false dissepi-
meuts. Seeds reniform, angular or subglobose, f^labrous downy or woolly.
— Herbs shrubs or small trees, generally more or less downy or hairy, some-
times glabrous. Leaves polymoj-phous, generally palmately divided. Sti-
pules usually small and deciduous. Flowers generally Jarge and showy, often
with a dark purple centre, and in many species changing colour at difl'crent
times of the day.

A genus rich in species, which are, for the most part, widely distributed throuph the
tropics, a few extending into more temperate regions, such us Japan, China, the south of
Europe, etc.

Calyx persistent.

Bractlets of the epicalyx distinct, entire. Seeds smooth, pu-
bescent or tubcrcled, ftot cottony.

Calyx ventricose 1. if. Trionum.

Calyx not vetitricose.

(Capsule obtuse or depressed at the apex.
Capsule winged.

Bracts oblong, spathulate, as long as the calyx . . 2. H. dictyncarpus.
Bracts linear, filiform, shorter than the calyx . . . 3. //. vitifolius.

Capsule not winged 4. //. tepidospermu4.

Capsule pointed.
Annual.

Calyx segments 1 -nerved 5. //. obtusilobus.

Calyx segments 3-nerved; nerves green .... 6. H. intermediia.
Perennial.

Stem prickly 'J. H. diversifolius.

Stem smooth.

Bracts exceeding the calyx S. II. pentaphyllus.

Bracts shorter than the calyx.

Flowers numerous, in terminal, ultimately leaf-
less, simple racemes.

Flowers crowded, corymbose 9. //. corymbosus.

Flowers remote.

Calyx shorter than the ripe fruit . . 10. //. Kukii.
Calyx as long as the ripe fruit . . . .11. H. physaloides.
Flowers numerous, in leafy much-branched pa-
nicles or cymes 12. II . rhabdctoapermiit.

Flowers few. Peduncles nearly as long as the

floral leaves 13. //. articulatns.

Bracts of the epicalyx distinct, forked or provided with a
foliaceous appendage. Seeds pilose. (Sect. Furcana.)

Plant trailing. Stipules broad, subrcniforra W. II. suraKmsis.

Plant erect. Stipules linear, hispid.

Peduncles short. Bracts nearly as long as the calyx . .15. H./urcalus.
Peduncles as long as or longer than the petioles. Bracts

much shorter than the calyx 10. //. rostellatus.

Bracts of the epicalyx united at the base or confluent with the
base of the calyx. Seeds not cottoHy.
Epicalyx of 5 bracts.

Flowers in terminal generally leafless psetulo-racemea . . 17. 11. lunariifoliut.
Flowers not racemose.

Sepals broadly ovate, acute 18. 11. plaiycalyx.

Sepals narrow or at least acuminate.

Bracts spathulate, acute, subglabrous 19. If. eafycinua.

196 XXV. MALVACEAE (MASTERS). [HibisCUS.

Bracts oblonsr, acute, entire. Plant densely villose.

Flower large 20. H. Ludwiffli.

Epicalyx of more than 5 bracts.

Bracts dilated above tbe middle 2\. H. panduriformis.

Bracts not dilated above the middle.

Leaves without glands. Capsule obtuse 22. H. Grantii.

Leaves glandular. Capsule pointed.

Leaves entire or with shallow lobes 22). H. Sabdariffa.

Leaves deeply divided 24, H. cannablnus.

Bracts of the epicalyx small or none. Seeds cottony. (Sect.
Bomhicella^
Bracts of epicalyx linear-spathulate, as long as or longer than

the calyx 25. H. crassinervis.

Bracts linear, shorter than the calyx.

Flowers approximate. Column aiitheriferous at the top . 26. H. gossypinus.
Flowers remote. Column antheriferous nearly all the

way down 27- H. micranthus.

Bracts none 28. U. ebructeatus.

Bracts of the epicalyx small or none. Seeds pilose or smooth,
not cottony. (Sect. Lagunaa.)

Capsule shorter than the calyx 29. H. ternatus.

Capsule longer than the calyx 30. -ff. SoJandra.

Calyx deciduous, long, cleft. Capsule elongate. (Sect. Abel-
moschvs.)
Annual. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles . . . . 31. if. esculentus.

Perennial. Peduncles nearly equal to the petiole 32. H. Abelmoschus.

Calyx persistent. Tall trees. Vernatiou conduplicate. (Sect. >

Paritium^
Leaves smooth, leathery, cordate, ovate. Stipules large . . 38. ^. tiliaceus.

Leaves rough, pentangular. Stipules small 34. H. stercalicefolius.

There is, in addition to the above, a species described by Webb from Kordofan, — K.
Muhamedis, — Webb's description of which will be found at the end of the genus.

1. H. Trionum, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 453. A much -branched hispid
annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in. long, on long stalks, roundish, gene-
rally deeply palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes variable in shape, coarsely and
irregularly toothed, hispid, lower leaves undivided. Peduncles solitary, as
long as the petioles, jointed near the top. Epicalyx of 7-12 distinct, linear,
riliolate segments. Calyx ventricose, accrescent, 5-cleft ; lobes triangular
or obtuse with 3 green hispid nerves. Corolla yellow with a purple centre,
larger than the calyx. Capsule oblong, obtuse, blackish, ciliated. Seeds
smooth. — H. vesicarius, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 458.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Dr. Roth! Upper Egypt and Kordofan, Z(9^*<?^y ./
Soturba, Schweiyifarth.

A very widely distributed subtropical weed, extending to S. Africa, Asia Minor, Syria,
S. Europe, India, Kashmir, China, and Australia.

2. H. dictyocarpus, ^ebb. Frag. Fl. MtUop. 46. Stem woody,
erect, much-branched, covered with numerous spreading villi. Petioles
2-4 in. long, villose, longer than the leaves, which are cordate roundish or
angular, 3-5-lobed ; lobes oblong-lanceolate, coarsely and remotely toothed,
central lobe longest, tomentose on both surfaces, palmately 5-7-nerved, Pe-
duncles solitary, axillary, 1-2 in. long, shorter tlian the adjacent petiole.
Epicalyx of 10-12 distinct, linear-oblong, spathulate bracts, equalling the
bell-shaped, deeply 5-parted calyx. Calyx-lobes oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved.

Hibiscus!] XXV. malvace.e (mastkrs). 197

Corolla yellow with a purple centre. Styles 5. Fruit romidisii, of 5 nuMii-
briiuous carpels jH-ovidcd with inembranoiis win^s. Seeds I in eacii rcli. —
Pavonia dictyocarpn, Hochst. in Selied. Kotseh. It. Nub. n. 124.

Nile Ijand. El hiopia and Nubia, Kolsrhy !

This has more the habit of Pavunia than of Jlibixcus, but it has only 5 styles.

3. H. vitifolius, Zmw. ; DC. Prod. \. 450. A tall, nnieh-branrlied
herb, villose hispid or even aculeate. Leaves on ]oni< stalks, cordate, roundish,
often deeply pabnately 3-5-lobe(l ; lobes oblonjr or lanceolate, rarely acnini-
uate, coarsely serrate, nearly smooth, or at other times tomentose and villose,
central lobe lono^est. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 1 -flowered, shorter than
the petioles, jointed in the middle and often crowded at the ends of the
branches, so as to form a leafy cluster. Epicalyx of 8-12 distinct, linear,
subulate or tiliform seoments, shorter than the bell-shaped, 5-cleft calsx, the
lobes of which latter are broadly lanceolate, 3 5-nerved, and pubescent.
Corolla 1-2 in. in length, more than twice the size of the calvx, yellow with a
purplish spot. Capsule shorter than the calyx, roundish, depressed, beaked,
its 5 valves pergamentaceous, nervose, reticulate, villose, and extended al tJie
educes into foliaceous wintrs. Seeds tuberculate. — //. slriyoftus, Schum. et
Thonn. PI. Guin. 314. H. jatrophrefolins, Kich. Fl. Abyss, i. 58. //. mo-
daticus, Hochst.; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 56. //. obncurns, Rich. Fl. Abvss.
i. 57.

Upper Guinea. Cape Coast, T. Vogel ! Quorra, Bailcie I

Nile Iiand. SoiwxhA, Schweinfurth ! Ahyssmxa, Salt ! £Arenber(/ .' Schimp^ .' Pe/ii !

Iiower Guinea. Coneo, S?rj/f/i ! Burton !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Tette, Dr. Kirk !

This plant has a wide geographical range, being found in India and Australia, as well as
in Africa. It is readily recognized by the capsular wings. Tlie .Vbvssiniaii specimens only
differ in the more deeply-lobed leaves and the shallower wings to the fruit. The hairioeM
of the surface is subject to great variations.

4. H. lepidospermus. Mast. An undershrub, the herbaceous por-
tions covered witii tine down. Leave.« on very short stalks, linear-lanceolate,
denticulate, downy on both surfaces, 4 6 in. long. Stipules linear, persis-
tent, as long as the petioles, ciliated at the margins. Peduncles solitary,
axillary, l-f1ovveied, thickened upwards, as longas or longer than the petioles.
Epicalyx of 10 linear ciliolate segments, distinct at the base, half the length
of the cup-shaped 5-parted calyx. Cal\x-lobes subulate or acuminate,
covered with coarse bristly hairs, 3-nerved, 1-glandulose. Corolla yeliow,
2-3 in. diam., twice the size of the calyx. Capsule oblong, obtuse, ns long
as the calyx, its 5 valves hispid, obtuse. Seeds numerous, covered with
quadrangular projecting scales, often revolute at the free margin.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barier !

A very distinct species, reeognizaljle by its leaves and curious scaly seeds. It wa^ dis-
covered in swampy situations near the Niger.

5. H. obtusilobus, Garcke in Pot. Zeit. 1849, p. 837 ; ff'alp. Ann.W.
144. Stem herbaceous, 18 in. in heiyh't, branched glal)rou3 or covered «ilh
stellate hairs. Petioles 14 in. long, shorter than the leaves, which are cor-
date ovate-oblong or more or less deeply 3 5-lobed ; lobes oblong, obluse,
undulate-crenate, subscabrous, with a few stellate hairs, central lobe longest.

198 XXV. MALVACE.f: (masters). [Flibiscus.

Peduncles solitary, axillary, 1- flowered, longer than the petioles, jointed near
the top. Epicalyx of 6-9 distinct, linear-oblong bracts, one-fourth the
length of the bell-shaped, 5-parted calyx. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acu-
minate, 1-nerved, with a few appressed bristles. Capsule woody, oblong,
f in. long, equalling the calyx, covered with forked bristles looking upwards ;
valves 5-pointed, points at first intlexed, ultimately erect. Seeds numerous,
reniform, black, tubercidated, not cottony. — H. amblyocarpus, Hochst. in
Webb, Frag. Fl. ^thiop. 42.

Nile Land. Kordofan, Kotschy !

Flowers in November and December. The same plant occurs in Mooltan and Scinde.
The leaves are variable in shape.

6. H, interxuedmSy Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 58. A weak erect or half-climb-
ing, much-branched annual, 1-2 ft. high, with scattered, reflexed, prickly
hairs, and a line of hairs along one side of the stem which shifts in position
at every joint. Leaves on long stalks, polymorphous, usually deeply pal-
mately 5-7-parted ; lobes oblong obtuse or rather acute, sinuous or divided
into irregular shallow lobes at the margin, sometimes divided at the base into
5-7 narrow lobes. Peduncles solitai-y, axillary, shorter than the leafstalks.
Epicalyx of 10 distinct, linear, strap-shaped segments, shorter than the calyx.
Calyx broadly campanulate, 5-parted ; segments lanceolate, with 3 green
nerves. Corolla small, yellow (purple?). Capsule roundish with a long
beak, shorter than the calyx ; valves hispid, slightly winged at the margins.
Seeds covered with shining hairs. — //. aristcevalvis, Garcke in Pet. Mos-
samb. Bot. i. 124.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Petit I

Mozamb. Distr. Senna, Peters ! Dr. Kirk !

In the Kew herbarium are specimens of this plant from Scinde and also from Arabia.
The plant varies much in the form of the leaf and has much of the habit of a Laguncea,
but has a well-marked epicalyx.

7. H. diversifolius, Jacq. Ic. PI. Ear. t. 551 ; DC. Prod. i. 449. A
tall herb or undershrub, its branches, petioles, and nerves of leaves armed with
hard conical prickles. Leaves on long stalks, cordate, roundish, angular or
3-5-lobed, irregularly toothed, upper leaves elliptic or lanceolate. Flowers
in a terminal cluster. Peduncles very short. Epicalyx of numerous subu-
late segments, often appendiculate, shorter than the densely bristly, pointed
calyx-lobes. Corolla yellow or pink ?, 3-4 times the length of the calyx.
Capsule pointed, veiy hispid, ultimately smooth. Seeds smooth. — Bot. Eeg.
t. 381. ? R. berberidif alius, llieh. Fl. Abyss, i. 56.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Perrottet !
Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, i2o^/i/
Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

Mozamb. Distr. Manganya hills, Br. Metier ! Lower Shire Valley, Dr. Kirk !
This well-marked species is found also in S. Africa, Natal, Madagascar, Mauritius, Nor-
folk Island, and Australia.

8. H. pentaphyllus, F. Muell. Frag. Phyt. Aust. ix. 13. An under-
shrub with spreading branches, which, as well as the petioles and pedicels,
are clothed with bristly hairs or minute prickles. Leaves 1-3 in. long,
stalked, the stalk as long as the blade, the latter palmately 3-5 -sect, its seg-

Hibiscus.'] XXV. malvace,*: (mastlrs). 199

inents oblong-lanceolnte, acute, srrrate, with numerous forked hairs on the
lower surface and a few simple ones on the upper. Pedunch's solitary, nxil-
larv, 1-flowered, exceediH<( the leaves. Epicahx of 8-10 distinct,* linear,
prickly segments, an inch or more in length. Calyx campanulate, -its 5
lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 3-5-nerved, shorter than the cjjicalyx. Corolla
yellow with a dark centre, twice the size of the epiciilyx. Capsule ovoid,
I>ointed, half the length of the calyx ; valves setose. Seeds numerous, pi-
lose.—Bentli. Fl. Austral, i. 214.

South Central. North Shaw Valley, Bainea !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Tette, Dr. Kirk !

This very distinct species was originally detectcl in the Dcccan, and has since been found
in AffLrhanistan and Scinde, by Slocks, Dalzell, and others. In north Auslialia il has also
been t'ouud by various collectors and named by Dr. Mueller, who has the riirht of priority.
The distribution of the plant through India, southern tropical Africa, and north Australia,
is an interesting fact.

9. H. corymbosus, Hcchst. ex Rich. Fl. Ahyns. i. 57. An erect,
slightly-branched perennial, 2-3 ft. in height, beset with stellate tomcntuin.
Lower leaves stalked, 4-5 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, roundish, subcordate,
deeply palmately 3-lobed ; lobes oblong-lanceolate, rough on both surfaces,
coarsely crenate-serrate, the central one longest. Petioles pilose, nearly as
long as the blade. Upper leaves simple, sid^sessile, oblong-lanceolate. Sti-
pules linear, short. Inflorescence terminal, racemose or corymbiform, leafli ss,
owing to the early fall of the floral leaves; pedicels ^-1 in. long, dilated uj)-
wards and jointed near the top. Epiealyx of 8-10 distinct linear segments,
one-half the length of the bell-shaped, 5 -parted calyx, whose segments are
lanceolate. Corolla yellow^, three or four times the size of the calyx. Cap-
sule ellipsoid, slightly pointed, longer than the calyx ; valves downy, ciliated
at the edges. Seeds tuberculate. — Walp. Ann. ii. 145.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper I Dillon and Fetit !

10. H. Kirkii, Mast. A much-branched undeishrub, densely covered
with soft velvety down, mingled among which are scattered trifurcate hairs.
Leaves on long stalks, cordate ovate lanceolate oblong or obscurely angled,
crenate-serrate, palmately 3-5-nerved. Stipules minute, linear. Pedum-les
axillary, short, l-Howered, jointed near the base, often arranged along the
side of the leafless branches so as to form a pseudo-raceme. Epiealyx of
7-8 distinct linear segments, much shorter than the calyx. Calyx cup-
shaped, 5-parted; lobes deltoid, downy. Corolla three or four times larger
than the calyx 2-3 in. in diam., yellow, with a purple centre. Cohunn an-
theriferous all the way down. Capsule ovate, pointed, longer than the per-
sistent calyx J valves 5, ovate, acuminate, villose. Seeds numerous, suban-
gular, pilose, and minutely tubercled.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Senna, Dr. Kirk I

The short epiealyx with the capsule projecting beyond the calyx furnish pood marks
wheieby to distinguish this species.

IL H. physaloides, Guilt, el Pcrr. FL Scneg. 52. A tall herb or under-
shrub, 3-6 ft. high, its branches as well as the petioles and pedicels tonun-
tose and hispid. Lower leaves on long stalks, ven variable in form, eordati-

200 XXV. MALVACE2E (MASTERS). [HlblscUS.

or hastate at the base, ovate acuminate or somewhat 5-nngled or lobed with
deltoid pointed lobes, coarsely crenate- serrate, tomentose and hispid. Upper
leaves narrower, smaller, often hastate. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 1-
flowered, jointed above the middle, equal to or exceeding the leaves, some-
times aggregated into a terminal pseudo -raceme, the leaves of which Ml
off soon"" Epicalyx of about 10 distinct, filiform, ciliolate segments, shorter
than the broadly cup-shaped 5-cleft calyx, whose lobes are broadly lanceo-
late. Corolla purple, more than twice the size of the calyx. Capsule ovoid,
beaked, hispid, shorter than the calyx. Seeds with a very few, short, stel-
late hairs. — H. heterotrichns, E. Mey. Plant. Drege. H. ascendem, Don, Gen.
Syst. i. 482. H. variabilis, Garcke in Pet. Mossamb. Bot. i. 128. H. ri-
besi(sfolius, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 53. H, cmius, Garcke in Pet. Mos-
samb. Bot. i. 125 ?

Upper Guinea, Don ! Senegal, Perrottet !

Nile Iiand. Madi, Speke and Grant !

Mozamb. Distr. Tette, Peters ! Drs. Kirk and Meller ! Querimba, Peters.

The plant is also found in the Canary and Cape de Verde Islands, in Natal and S. Africa,
and is subject to considerable variation in minor points. Dr. Kirk's specimens from Senna
differ in their prostrate habit and smaller leaves. Perrottet's H. ribesliefolius, authentic
specimens of which exist in the British Museum, seems to be a small variety, with a more-
branching habit and smaller leaves than the type.

12. H. rhabdotospermus, Garcke in Bot. Zeit. 1849, 839. Peren-
nial (?) with a suffruticose, erect, downy, somewhat villos3 stem. Leafstalks
2-4 in. long, as long as or longer than the blades. Stipules linear-subulate,
pilose ; leaf-blades cordate ovate acute or ovate-lanceolate, slightly downy-
above, more so beneath, palmately 5-7-nerve(l, coarsely dentate. Peduncles
axillary, 1-3 in. long, simple or usually cymosely branched with a small leaf
occupying the place of one of the lateral flowers, Epicalyx of 15-20 linear-
ciliolate, distinct segments, half the length of the bell-shaped 5-cleft calyx.
Calyx-lobes lanceolate, gradually acuminate, downy. Flowers yellow, an
inch or more across, larger than the calyx. Capsule woody, ovate, acumi-
nate, loculicidally 5-valved ; valves ciliate, as long as the persistent calyx.
Seeds brownish,' with a few stellate hairs. — H. cordatus, Hochst. in Webb,
Frag. Fl. ^thiop. 45.

Nile Land. Kordofan, Kotschy !

Mozamb. Distr. Lupata, Zambezi, Br. Kirk !

13. H. artiCTilatus, Hochst. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 66. Rootstock per-
ennial, fusiform, bearing at the summit a number of herbaceous or some-
what woody, erect or spreading, scantily pilose branches, 4-6 in. in length.
Leaves on very short stalks, rough on the upper surface, bristly beneath,
polymorphous, lower ones roundish, upper ones palmately 3-5-parted ; seg-
ments oblong-lanceolate, irregularly serrate. Stipules liguliform, persistent.
Peduncles solitary, axillary, often as long as the nearly sessile floral leaves.
Epicalyx of 8-10 distinct, liguliform, ciliolate segments. Calyx campanu-
late, 5-parted, its 5 lobes oblong-lanceolate or acuminate, exoeeding the epi-
calyx. Corolla yellow, 1|— 2 in. diam., twice the size of the epicalyx. Cap-
sule oblong-ovoid, slightly pointed, its 5 valves downy and hispid along their
edges. Seeds smooth. — H. cemtheroides ? Webb, Frag. Fl. .F]thiop. 47.

Hibiscus.'] XXV. malvacejc (masters) 201

Var. stenolobux, Hochst. 1. c, has narrow lobes to leaf.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Nyanzara, White Nile, Petfienck ! I'uyoro,
Speke and Grant !

14. H. surattensis, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 449. A weak-stemmed her-
baceous plant, straggling over other plants, its branches, as well as the
petioles and pedicels, covered with a few^ soft villi, intermingled among which
are a number of recurved bristles. Leaves on long stalks, roundish, deeply
and palmately 8-5-fid; segments oblong, serrate, central lobe longest.
Stipules large, foliaceous, sessile, subreniform, scarcely acuminate. Pedunclea
solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, as long as the petiole. Epicalyx of 10-12,
linear-spathulate segments each provided on the inner and upper surface
with one or more leafy appendages. Calyx broadly cup-shaped, 5 -fid, seg-
ments triangular, acute, 3-nerved, bristly. Corolla yellow or with a darker
spot at the base, 2-3 in. in length, twice or thrice the size of the calyx.
Capsule ovoid, beaked, shorter than the calyx ; valves villose, ultimately
smooth. Seeds reniform, rather downy. — Bot. Mag. 1356. ? H. acultatua,
Don, Gen. Syst. i. 480.

Upper Guinea. St. Thomas, Bon ! Barter ! Old Calabar, Thomson ! Senegambia,
Perroiiet !

Iiower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

Mozamb. Distr., Forbes! Rovuma and elsewhere, Br. Kirk !

The plant has a wide distribution in South Africa, Natal, India, Borneo, the Philippine
Islands, and Australia. Don's H.aculeatus, see Walp. Rep. i. 308, perhaps belonjis here, if
one may judge from the reniform stipules raeutioaed iu the description of that author.

15. H. furcatus, Roxb.; DC. Trod, i, 449. A coarse annual or per-
ennial, with terete or angular branches, which, as well as the petioles, pe-
dicels, and nerves of the leaves, are covered with coarse bristly hairs or even
hooked tubercles. Leaves stalked, cordate-roundish, angular or 3-5-lobed ;
lobes pointed, crenate-dentate and with a few stellate hairs, especially on the
lower surface. Stipules linear-subulate, hispid. Flowers solitary, axillary,
on very short peduncles, by the sides of which leafy shoots are sometimes
developed. Epicalyx of 10-12 distinct linear segments, nearly as long as
the calyx, entire or provided with an accessory lobe. Calyx 5-parted, its
segments ovate, with very long points ; midribs and margins setose, Capsule
ovoid, pointed, about the length of the calyx ; valves ovate, oblong, mucro-
nate.

Upper Guinea. Gambia, Ingram !
Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Tette, Dr. Kirk !

A common Indian plant, occurring also at the Cape. From H. surattensis it is particu-
larly distinguished by its stipules and by its much broader leaf-lobes.

16. H. rostellatus, Gnill. et Pcrr. Fl. Seneg. i. 55. Suffrutescent,
3-4 ft. high, hispid, prickly ; prickles recurved. Petioles 2-3 in. long, as
long or nearly so as the leaves, which are cordate, angular, palmately 5-
lobed ; lobes deltoid, hispid, crenate-serrate. Stipules linear, short. Pe-
duncles axillary, as long as or longer than the adjacent petioles. Epicalyx of
10 linear segments, much shorter than the calyx, and each provided at the
apex with a spoon-shaped appendage. Calyx 5-cleft ; segnxnts lanceolate ;
nerves prominent, setose. Corolla pink, twice the length of (he calw. Sta-

202 XXV. MALVACE^ (MASTERS). {HiblsCllS.

minal column-tube nearly equal to the corolla, bearing the stamens in nume-
rous series ; filaments combined in pairs, 2-fuvcate at the apex (G/dll. et
Perr. I.e.). Ovary obovoid-oblong, densely villose. Capsule ovoid, pointed,
densely villose, 5-valved, many-seeded.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet !
Iiower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

17. H. lunariifoliuSy fVall. ; Wight and Am. Prod. Fl. Pen. Ind. i.
40. An underslirub, with terete or somewhat angular, hispid or pilose
branches. Leaves on long stalks, subcordate, roundish or ovate, acuminate,
sometimes obscurely 3-5-lobed, coarsely and irregularly crenaie-sen-ate,
smooth above, provided with forked hairs on the under surface. Inflores-
cence racemose, leafless from early fall of floral leaves. Peduncles shorter
than the petioles or densely villose. Epicalyx longer than the calyx, of 5-7
oblong-lanceolate ciliate segments connate below. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-cleft,
its segments triangular, acuminate. Corolla yellow, 2-3 in. across, much
larger than the calyx. Capsule ovoid or pointed ; valves pilose, ultimately
glabrous, longer than the calyx, Seeds retiiform, pilose. — 11. f/niiieeusis,
Don, Gen. Syst. i. 481, non DC. //. doiujolemis, Delile, Voy. Mcroe. 59.
//. macranthiis, Hochst. ex Kich. Fl. Abyss, i. 55.

Upper Guiaea. St. Thomas, Don !

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Parkyns ! Dillon and Petit ! Seiinar, Cienkowski !
Kotschy !

South Central. Lake Ngami, /. HP Cube !

Mozamb. Distr. Telle, Peters.

Au Indian plant, occurring also in Egypt.

18. H. platy calyx. Mast. A shrub with terete or angular, woody,
ash-coloured or purplish branches. Leaves 4-5 in. long, stalked, cordate,
ovate-acuminate, denticulate, sinuous, smooth above, downy and paler on the
under surface. Stipules persistent, subulate-aristate. Peduncles solitary,
axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles, dilated and 5-angular at the
apex. Epicalyx of 5 distinct, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-5-nerved, downy
segments, connate at the base and confluent with the base of the bell-shaped
5-lobed calyx. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, acute, 3-nerved, longer than the
epicalyx. Corolla 2-3 in. across, larger than the calyx, pink, with a dark
centre ; column staminiferous near the top only or with only a very few an-
thers beneath. Capsule ovoid, pointed, densely downy, equal to the per-
sistent and much enlarged accrescent calyx, and sometimes nodding, when
ripe. Valves woody, acuminate. Seeds numerous, reniform, densely hairy.

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma and Tette, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

The accrescent broad-leaved calyx supplies a good means of discriminating this species.

19. H. calycinus, Willd. ; DC. Prod. i. 448. An undershrub, its
branches, petioles, and peduncles slightly pubescent. Leaves on long stalks,
downy or sometimes nearly glabrous, subcordate, roundish, obtusely 3-5-
angled, coarsely crenate-serrate. Stipules filiform or subulate. Peduncles
solitary in the axils of the leaves, shorter than the petioles, 1-flowered. Epi-
calyx of 5 broadly spathulate, cuspidate or very acute, many-nerved segments,

Hibiscus.'] XXV. malvace;e (masters). 203

confluent with the base of the calyx and equal to or even exceeding it in
length. Segments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, 5-neivcd ; nerves sliL'litly
villose. Corolla yellow, with a purple centre, 2 in. diain. Capsule \^\ in.
long, shorter than the calyx, ovoid, pointed ; valves cartilaj^'inous, smooth,
nervose-reticulate. Seeds reniform, covered with short silky hairs. — / //. owa-
riensis, P. de Beauv. PI. Oware, ii. 88. t. 117. ? II. tr'iumf.-Urefolim, Schuin.
et Thonn. PI. Guin. 312. //. calycomis, Kich. Fl. Abyss, i. 62. t. 14. 1[.
subtrilobatiis, Hochst. PI. Schimp. Abyss. 11. yrandiJUius, ilochst. ex Rich.
Fl. Abyss, i. 61.

Upper Guinea. Oware, Beauvois F

Nile If and. White Nile, v. Hamier ; Sennar, Flgari ; kh)'%%\u\a, Schiwper ! Dil/nn
and Petit !

This species occurs also in S. Africa. The Abyssinian specimens are subgiabrous Id
every part, and the epicalyx is generally shorter than the calyx,

20. H. Ludwigii, Eck. and Zeyh. 312; Ilarv. and Soud. Fl. Cap. \.
171. An undershrub, thickly covered with yellowish-brown tonieiiium.
Leaves stalked, cordate-roundish, palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes acute, crcnate-
serrate. Stalks shorter than the blade. Stipules subulate. Peduncles very
short, solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, densely tomentose. Epicalyx of 5 oblong
acuminate segments, connate below, nearly as long as the cup-shaped calyx ;
the lobes of which are of the same form as the bractlets. Corolla yellow,
3-4 in. in length. Capsule exceeiling the persistent calyx, ovoid, pointed,
densely covered with rufous villi. Seeds slightly pilose.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Roth !
Found also in S. Africa.

21. H. panduriformis, J5/^rw. ; Z>C Pror/. i. 455. A tall perennial
or undershrub, densely clothed with fine down, intermingled with which are
a few rigid, often stelliforra bristles. Leaves stalked, cordate-roundish, an-
gular or lobed, irregularly cren ate ; the upper ones often narrow, whitis?h
underneath. Peduncles short, axillary. Epicalyx of 6-8 linear spathulate
segments, at first equal to, but ultimately shorter than the downy, cup-shaped
5-lobed calyx, whose segments are lanceolate, 1-3-nerved. Corolla yellow,
with a purple spot or all purple, 1-2 in. long, three times the size of the
calyx. Capsules shorter than the persistent calyx, ovoid or roundish, very
hispid. Seeds covered with fine down. — //. tubulosus, Cav. Diss. 161. t. 88.
f. 22. H. muUistipulatus, Garcke in Bot, Zeit. 1849, 849. //. sentgaltnti*,
GuiU. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 53.

Upper Guinea. Senepainbia, Perrottet >

Nile Iiand. Uuyoro, Speke and Grant I Sennar, Ileughlin ; Kotschy ! Schicrinfurth !
Abyssinia, Dillon!

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk I Peters.

Widely distributed throughout the tropics, being found in the Mauritius, India, Aus-
tralia, etc

22. H. Grantii, Ma-d. An erect, much-branched, villous undershnd).

Leaves on very short stalks, roujidish or oblong, snbcordate, sometimes some-
what wedge-shaped at the base, and slightly 3-lobe(l at the apex ; lobes acute,
subacummate, coarsely and irregularly toothed, 3-nerved. Siipulcs linear, as

204 XXV. MALVACE^ (masters). [Hibiscus.

long or longer than the petioles. Flowers numerous, crowded, in terminal
leafy panicles. Epicalyx of 12 linear stipule-like villose bracts, united at the
extreme base, nearly equalling the cup-shaped 5-lobed calyx, whose lobes are
ovate-acute. Petals pink, oblong, 3 or 4 times the length of the calyx. Sta-
minal-tube projecting beyond the corolla. Styles 5, exstrted. Capsule pyri-
form, obtuse, somewhat 5-lobed ; valves 5, blunt^ slightly winged, at the edges.
Seeds unknown.

Nile Land. White Nile, Petherick ! Ugani and Madi, Speke and Grayii I

23. H. Sabdariffa, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 453. Annual or sometimes
perennial, with a slightly branched, erect, smooth or slightly hispid, often
purplish stem. Leaves stalked ; lower ones (and sometimes the upper ones
also) undivided, cordate or cuneate at the base, ovate, acute, dentate, pal-
inately 3-5-nerved, with a single gland on the central nerve near the base,
smooth or with a few weak hairs on both surfaces ; upper leaves generally
larger, palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes oblong, lanceolate, the central one
longest. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, thickened upwards, much
shorter than the leaves. Epicalyx of 8-10, linear-oblong, villose or tuber-
culate segments, connate below with the base of the calyx. Calyx cup-
shaped, longer than the epicalyx, often purplish, 5 -parted ; segments deltoid,
acuminate, studded with asperities, especially on the margins. Corolla yellow,
much larger than the calyx. Capsule ovoid, pointed, densely villose, shorter
than the calyx ; valves leathe^'y, pointed. Seeds numerous, reniform, pilose.

North Central, E. Vogell

Nile Ijand. Kordofan, Kotschy ! Sennar, Hartman ; Unyoro and Ugani, Speke and
Grant !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Lower Shire Valley, Dr. Kirh !

A commonly cultivated plant in tropical countries, and, like most plants so circumstanced,
very variable in stature, form of leaves, etc. In the East and West Indies it is used as a
cooling and agreeable article of diet. Dr. Kirk says that it is used by the natives of Africa
to flavour broth, and the seeds are reported to be aphrodisiac.

2^. H. cannabinus, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 450. An erect, branched
annual, more or less thickly beset with aculeate tubercles. Leaves on very
long stalks, deeply palmately 5-7-lobed ; lobes oblong-lanceolate, sinuous,
denticulate, or sometimes more deeply divided, smooth on both surfaces or
with a few prickly hairs, 1-glandulose on the under surface. Peduncles
axillary, short, thick. Epicalyx of 5-7, linear, slightly coherent segments,
shorter than the calyx, whose 5 lobes are lanceolate, acuminate, 1-glandu-
lose, their margins and midribs fringed with coarse purplish bristles. Corolla
yellow, with a purple centre, three or four times larger than the calyx. Cap-
sule ovoid, pointed, villose, half the length of the calyx. Seeds numerous,
slightly pilose. — ? H. ubtusatm, Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin. 321. //. co7i-
gener, Schum. et Thonn. 1. c. 319. H. radiotus, Cav. Diss. 150. t. 154. f. 2 ;
Benth. Fl. Aust. i. 212. H. verrucosus, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 87. H.
asper. Hook. f. Fl. Kigrit. 228. H. aculeatus, Don, Gen..Syst. i. 480.

Cultivated for the sake of its fibre in most parts of Africa.
Upper Guinea. Niger, Burton ! Barter !
Voyel .'

Hibiscus.'] XXV. malvace.e (masteks).

205

Nile Land, Kotschy ! Schweinfurth ! IleuyJdin ; Abyssii.K., Scln.n,,er ! MiuihL-a,
Upelce and Grant ! / r •>

Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith !
Mozamb. Distr., Drs. Kirk and Metier !

The plant is also widely distributed by cultivation throuf^h India and other parts of Asia,
and in subtropical Australia.

Very variable in the form and dimensions of the leaves, and to a less extent in the colour
of the flowers. H. radiatas, Cav., only difil-rs in the absence of calycine glands.

25. H. crassinervis, Uochd. in Rich. Fl. AhtfHs. i. Gl. An under-
shrub, its surface covered, except tlie old wood, with dense rusl-coloured
stellate rigid pubescence. Branches spreading;. Leaves about 1 in. lon«r,
4-5 lines broad, on short petioles, subcordatc;, oblon<r-ovate, coarsely and
irregularly serrated, 3-5-nerved ; nerves prominent. Stipules setuceoils, de-
ciduous. Peduncles solitary, axillary, remote or clustered at the ends of the
branches, longer than the leaves, jointed above the middle and densely covered
with rufous hairs. Flowers small, scarcely \ in. long. Kpicalyx of 7-8,
linear-spathulate segments, which equal or even exceed the 5 triangular
lobes of the bell-shaped calyx. Corolla pmk, exceediug the calyx, pilose
on the outer surface. Capsule roundish or ovoid obtuse ; valves smooth,
obtuse or apiculate, twice the length of the calyx. Seeds cottony.— Walp.
Ann. ii. 147. H. eriospermus, Hochst. in PL Schimp. A})vss. //. hrevi]>e.s^
Garcke in Bot. Zeit. 1849, 854. H. erianihus, R. Br. in Salt. Abyss. A pp. 05.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Salt ! Sckimper ! Dillon and Petit !

26. H. gossypinuSy Thunb. ; DC. Prod. i. 453. A much-branched
undershrub, the rod-like erect branches densely clothed with rust-coloured
rigid hairs. Leaves on short stalks, broadly ovate, acute, subcordate or
wedge-shaped at the base, serrulate, downy on both surfaces. Stipules linear-
subidate. Inflorescence a terminal leafy pseudo-raceme ; pedicels longer
than the lanceolate Horal leaves, densely covered with short reddish stiff
hairs, swollen below the flower and jointed above the middle. Epicalyx of
8-12, linear, ciliolate segments. Calyx hispid, deeply divided into 5 lan-
ceolate, 5-nerved segments, longer than the epicalyx. Corolla pink, twice
the size of the calyx. Capside subglobose, obtuse ; valves smooth. Seeds
cottony. — H.fuscus, Garcke in Bot. Zeit. 1849, 854.

Nile Land. Karague hills, Speke and Grant ! Abyssinia, Roth ' Plovden !
Mozamb. Distr. Zami)esia, Manganya hills, Drs. Mellerand Kirk!
A handsome plant, extending into Natal and S. Africa; it is variable in the size and form
of its leaves and the colour of the corolla.

27. H. micranthus, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 453. An undershrub, with
long rod-like spreading l)ranches, thinly covered with appressed, stcllute,
bristle-like hairs. Petioles very short. Leaves about an inch long, oblong,
obtuse, wedge-shaped at the base, serrated, 3-nerved, rough with bristly
hairs. Peduncles longer than the leaves, jointed near the top ; flower half
an inch in length. Epicalyx of 7-8, distinct, linear segments. Calyx bell-
sliaped, 5-cleft ; its lobes triangidar, longer than the epicalyx. Corolla pink,
twice the size of the c.\lyx. Capsule ovoid, smooth, obtuse, thn-e or four

206 XXV. MALVACE^ (masters). [Hibiscus.

times larger than tlie calyx. Seeds numerous, cottony. — H. riyidus, Linn, f.
Supp. 310. H. clandestimis^ Cav. Ic. 1. t. 2. H. intermedius, Hochst. in
PI. Schimp. Abyss, nee Rich. H. farvifolius, Hochst. 1. c. H. versicolor,
Schura. et Thonn. PI. Guin. 311.

Upper Guinea. Cape Coast, Brass / Seaegambia, Heudelot !

Nile Iiand. Soturba, Schtceinfurth ! Kordofan, Kotschy ! Abyssinia, Schimper !

South Central, Baines !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Br. Kirk ! Tette, Senna, Peters.

This plant is also distributed in India, Ceylon, Arabia, etc. It varies much in the size
of its flowers and leaves, but the variations are not sufficiently marked or constant to allow
of their separation into distinct species,

Garcke in Peters' Mossamb, Bot. p. 127, mentions H. hirtus, L,, the H. phoevice7(s of
Willd, (partly), as a native of the island of Mozambique, but the above species is probably
the one intended,

28. H. ebracteatus. Mast. A much-branched undershrub, with rigid,
flexuose, shortly jointed branches ; the younger ones, as well as the leaves and
outer surface of the calyx, densely covered with fine down. Petioles shorter
than the leaves, which latter are small, oblong, obtuse, tapering to the base,
serrated, \ in. in length, 3-4 long. Stipules deciduous, liguliform. Pe-
duncles solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves, thickened be-
low the flower. Epicalyx absent. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-parted ; segments
triangular. Corolla pink, twice the size of the calyx. Capsule subglobular,
half as large again as the persistent calyx, bursting loculicidally by 5 bluntish
valves. Seeds numerous, clothed with long cottony hairs.

South Central, Chapman and Baines !

A very distinct species, easily recognizable by its habit, the small leaves and flowers, the
absence of bracts, etc.

29. H. tematus, Mast. An erect, branching, slightly villous herb.
Leaves 2-3 in, long, on stalks of the same length or longer ; blades, subcor-
date, ovate, acute or palmately 3-lobed ; upper leaves more deeply cut.
Segments oblong-lanceolate; central one longest, entire or nearly so at the
margins, and subglabrous ; pedicels as long as the leafstalks, jointed above
the middle. Involucel 0. Calyx cup-shaped, deeply divided into 5 lanceolate,
acuminate, 3-nerved segments. Corolla less than an inch long, twice the
length of the calyx, yellow. Capsule ovoid, pointed, hairy, half the length of
the calyx. Seeds angular, tuberculated. — Laguncea ternala, Willd. ; DC.
Prod. i. 474.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot ! Perrottet ! Quorra, Barter !

Nile Land. Kordofan, Kotschy ! Abyssinia, Ehrenhery.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Pc'^^?.y; Shupanga, Z>r, Z?>^ /

Var, /3, simplicifolia. Leaves simple, cordate ovate-lanceolate. — Senegambia, Perrottet !

30. H. Solandra, UHer. Stirp. i. 108. t. 49. An erect, slightly
villose, branching annual. Leaves on long stalks, 3 or 4 in. long, 2 or 3 in.
wide, broadly ovate, acuminate, often deeply-palmately 3-lobed ; lobes broadly
lance-shaped, smooth or with a few villi along the nerves. Peduncles nearly
as long as the adjacent leafstalks, arranged along the ends of the branches so

Hibiscus.'] XXV. malvace.t^ (masteus). 207

as to form an elongated ultimately leafless pscudo-ran-mc ; hraetlets 0.
Calyx bell-shaped, deeply divided into 5 lanceolate 3-nervL'd st^^^ments.
Capsule ovoid, beaked, longer than the calyx. Seeds blackish, tuberculutc
— Lagunaa lobata, Willd. ; DC. Prod. i. '1-74.

Mozamb. Distr. River Shire, Dr. Kirk !
Occurs also in India.

31. H. esculentuSy Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 450. A tall herb, covrred
with rough hairs. Leaves on long stalks, cordate, palmately 5-lobed ; lobes
acute, irregularly serrated. Peduncles axillary, shorter than the petiotc.
Epicalyx of 9-12 distinct, linear, caducous segments, shorter than the calyx.
Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, ultimately somewhat 2-lippcd. Corolla large,
yellow, with a purple spot at the base. Capsule 4-6 in. long, oblong, acute,
smooth or hairy, often sulcate, o-9-celled. Seeds hairy, striate. — Ahelmoichtti
esciihntns, Wight and Arn. Prod. Tl. Pen. Ind. i. 53. A. Bammia, Webb,
Frag. Fl. ^thiop. 48.

Upper Guinea, T. Vogel ! Perrottet !
Nile Iiand, Kotschy ! Speke and Orant !
Naturalized in all tropical countries.

32. H. Abelmoschus, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 452. SufTruticose, hispid,
the leaves on long stalks, hastate, 3-5-lobed; lobes oblong-acuminjite,
coarsely and irregularly toothed, often with accessory lobes at the base. Pe-
duncles axillary, 1-tlowered, rather shorter than the petiole. Epicalyx of 6-
10, linear, hispid lobes, smaller than the calyx; the latter about an inch in
length, 5-toothed, split on one side, ultimately deciduous. Corolla yellow,
with a crimson centre, three times the length of the calyx. Capsule oblong-
lanceolate, hairy, 1^-2 in. long. Seeds scabrous. — ^. wosc/ta^««, Ma'uch ;
Wight and Arn. Prod. Fl. Ind. i. 531.

Upper Guinea. Senegamhia, T. Vogel I
IjOTver Guinea. Congo, Burton !
Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

Cultivated in E. and W. tropical Africa, as also in Guiana, W. Indies, Central Amtrica,
and elsewhere.

33. H. tiliaceus, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 454. A small tree with purplish
branches, marked with the annular scars made by the deciduous stipules.
Leaves on long stalks, coriaceous, cordate orbicular or broadly ovate, acumi-
nate, rarely 3-5-lobed, entire or sinuous, 5-7-nerved, smooth on the upper,
hoary on the low^er surface, 3-5 in. diam. Stalks shorter than the blades.
Vernation conduplicate. Stipules large, foliaceous, oblong-ovate, deciduous.
Peduncles somewhat woody, axillary, angular, jointed. Epicalyx cui)-shape(l,
divided about halfway down into 10 or 12 triangular entire tt-eth, much
shorter than the calyx. Calyx nearly an inch long, broadly campanulate, 5-
parted ; segments lanceolate with a prominent downy nerve. Corolla two
or three times the size of the calyx, yellow, with a purple spot at the base.
Capsule exceeding the persistent calyx, oblong, p('ntd4]^onal, downy, S-vnIved ;
valves adhering to the dissepiments, their margins papery, corrugated^ and
turned inwards so as to render the capsule spuriously 10-cellcd. Seeds
slightly ^\\ose. — IT. ffuineensis, DC. Prod. i. 454, non Hon.

208 XXV. MALVACE^. (masters). [Hibiscus.

Seacoast of both east and west tropical Africa.

Upper Guinea. Seuegarnbia, Reudelot ! Sierra Leone, T. Vogel ! Niger, Barter !
Fernando Po, Barter!

IMLozamb. Distr. Zambesi coast, Dr. Kirk ! Querimba, Peters.

This tree is also found along the coasts of Natal, Southern Africa, Mauritius, Seychelles,
Madagascar, and in similar situations in India, Java, Brazil, the W. Indies, the islands of
the Pacific, and N. Australia. The bark of this tree is said by Dr. Kirk to yield the Milola
fibre to the natives near the Luabo. The flowers are yellow in the morning and become red
towards evening. A variety with lobed leaves looks distinct, but as leaves of this form oc-
cur on the same trees with those of the ordinary form, there are no grounds for making a
distinct variety even.

34. H. quinquelobus, Bon, Gen. Syst. i. 482. A small tree with
purplish branches, covered with stellate toineiitum. Leaves on short stalks,
5- angled, slightly cuspidate, denticulate, palmi-nerved, leathery, rough, with
sparse stellate tomentum. Stipules small, lanceolate, deciduous. Flower-
stalks axillary, as long as the petioles, branched and bearing a tuft of small
flowers. Epicalyx cup-shaped, divided into 10 linear teeth, half the length
of the bell-shaped 5-parted calyx, whose segments are lanceolate, downy ex-
ternally, and half the length of the corolla. Capsule ovoid, pointed, 5 -celled.
Seeds covered with small stellate hairs. — Paritium sterculiafoiium, Guill. et
Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 60. t. 13. P. virgatum, Guill. et Perr. 1. c. P. quin-
quelobum. Hook. f. PI. Nigrit, 227.

Upper Gainea. Senegal, Afzelius ! Perrottet ! Sierra Leone, Don ! Smeathman !

The typical specimen of Perrottet's preserved in the British Museum has rather larger
thinner leaves than are found on the specimens from other collectors, but this depends pro-
bably on the locality where the plant grows. This species, by its truly 5-celled capsule,
is intermediate between the true Hibisci and the so-called genus Paritium, of which H.
tiliaceus is the representative.

H. MuhamediSj Webb, Frag. Fl. Mthiop. 46. Stem erect, short, somewhat
pilose. Stipules small, linear, acute ; lower leaves ovate, rounded at the base, 3-nerved,
glabrous, dentate, teeth setigerous. Leafstalks pilose, shorter than the leaves; upper
leaves subsessile, lanceolate, obscurely dentate, upper ones linear. Flowers terminal,
solitary. Epicalyx of 7 short, linear-lanceolate segments. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments lan-
ceolate, acute, pilose, three or four times shorter than the sulphur-coloured corolla. Cap-
sule unknown.

Nile Land. Y^orMzn {Webb, I.e.).

This species is only known to me by "Webb's description above cited. Webb speaks of his
specimen as unique and as being allied to H. ovatus, Cav. Diss. iii. 14;^. t. 50. f. 3.

12. FUGOSIA, Juss.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 208.

Epicalyx of 3-oo small or deciduous bractlets. Calyx 5-cleft. Staminal
column truncate or toothed at the top. Ovary 3-4 -celled ; cells 3-oo-ovuled.
Style club-shaped, furrowed, or divided into 3 or 4 club-shaped stigmas.
Capsule loculicidally 3-4-valved. Seeds obovoid, glabrous, pubescent or
woolly. Albumen very thin. Cotyledons bi-tri -plicate, auricles concealing
the base of the straight radicle, not dotted. — LTndershrub with palraately-
lobed leaves, yellow flowers, and calyx sprinkled with black dots. — Cienfu-
gosia, Cav. Diss. iii. 174. t. 72. f. 2.

A small genus, some of the species of which are found in Australia and S. America.

Fugosia.'] xxv. malvace.^ (masters). 209

1. F. digitata, Pers. ; J)C. Trod. i. 457. Shrubbv with crcrt, rod-
like, angiilar branches, slightly win^red at the angles. Leafstalks about an
inch in length, shorter than the roundish, deeply palniiscct leaves, whose 5-7
lobes are oblong, sinuous or somewhat lobed, nearly smooth on both surfaces.
Stipules minute, linear, falcate. Peduncles axillary, as long as or longer tiian
the petiole, angular, dilated towards the top. Kpicalyx of 10-12 distinct,
minute, linear segments. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-parted ; segments oblong,
acuminate, 3-nerved, sprinkled with black dots. Corolla yellow, 1-2 in. in
diam. Capsule shorter than the calyx, subglobose, mueronale, loculicidaliy
3-4-valved ; valves woody, broadly ovate, mucronate. Seeds covered wiiji
reddish cottony down. — Cieyifugosia digitata, Cav. Diss. iii. 17I-. t. 72. f. 2.
Upper Guinea. Sencgambia, Heudelot ! Siebei' ! Perrottet !

13. THESPESIA, Corr. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 208.

Bractlets 3-8, small or deciduous. Calyx minutely 5-dentate, rarely 5-
cleft. Column toothed at the apex. Ovary 5-celled, each cell with a few ovules.
Styles club-shaped, with 5 grooves. Capsule woody, coriaceous, opening
loculicidaliy or almost indehiscent. Seeds obovoid glabrous or toraentose.
Cotyledons much folded, enclosing the radicle, often marked with small black
dots. — Tall trees or shrubs. Leaves entire or lobed. Flowers yellow.

Distinguished from Hibiscus by the confluent stigmas, the more woody capsule, and the
obovoid compressed seeds.

Leaves cordate, ovate, acuminate \. T. populnea.

Leaves pahnately-lobed 2. T. Lampai.

1. T. populnea, Cuv. ; DC. Prod. i. 456. A smnll tree whose younger
branches as well as the petioles, pedicels, and calyx are covered with small
peltate scales. Leaves on long stalks, cordate, ovate, acuminate, 7-nen'ed,
smooth, leathery, entire or sinuous. Stipules falcate. Flowers solitary,
axillary, stalked. Peduncle shorter than the petiole. Epicalyx of 5 oblong-
lanceolate, deciduous segments, as long as or longer than the cup-shaped entire
or slightly 5-toothed calyx. Corolla nearly 2 inches in length, four times
exceeding the calyx. Fruit roundish, depressed, slightly beaked, 5-celled,
indehiscent or opening to a slight extent at the top. Seeds 2 in each cell of
the fruit, large, compressed laterally near the hilum, roundish above ; testa
pubescent, nervose-striate. — Hibiscus popidneus, Linn. Sp. 976.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet ! Heudelot !
Mozamb. Distr. Luabo, Dr. Kirk ! E. tropical Africa, Speke !
Distributed probably by cultivation in India, Ceylon, the ^V. Indies, the Fiji, and Loo-
choo islands ; generally growing in moist situations near the seacoast.

2. T. Lampas, Benth. et HooJc. f. Gen. PI. i. 209. A tree covered in
its herbaceous portions with fine stellate down. Leaves stalked, 3 4 in. across,
cordate, palmately 3-lobed ; lobes generally very pointed or in some varieties
obtuse, sinuous, slightly hairy above, very downy below. Peduncles axil-
lary, 1-3- or more flowered, jointed in the middle, often with a small leaf or
bract proceeding from the joint. Epicalyx of 8 or more deciduous segments,
rather longer than the calyx, which latter is cup-shaped, 5-lobcd; lobes

210 XXV. MALVACEiE (MASTERS).

pointed, much moie conspicuous in the bud than in the flower. Corolla
three or four times larger than the calyx. Style with 5 spiral groves. —
Hibiscus Larnpas, Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 447 ; Wight and Arnott, Prod. PI.
Ind. i. 48.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Brs. Kirk and Meller !

In the absence of fruiting specimens, it is not quite certain that Dr. Kirk's plants really
belong to this common Iiidiao species. In India, the fruit is an ovate pointed capsule
dividing into 5 woody downy valves three or four times exceeding the calyx, and contains
shining black seeds. The inflorescence in the Indian form is more branched than in the
African. Dr. Meller also found on the Rovuma river some specimens which are here pro-
visionally retained imtil further evidence shows whether they constitute a variety of T.
Larnpas, or a distinct species. Dr. Meller's plants have large, roundish lobed leaves, the
lobes roundish, rough on both surfaces, 1 -flowered, jointed peduncles, and an epicalyx of 5
falcate deciduous segments shorter than the calyx ; the stigma is spirally grooved. The
plant resembles Hibiscus f err uyineus^ Cav., a native of Madagascar, in its leaves.

14. GOSSYPIUM, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen- PL i. 209.

Epicalyx of 3 large cordate bractlets. Calyx entire or slightly 5-lobed.
Staminal column bearing anthers at the upper part only. Ovary 5-celled;
ovules oo. Fruit capsular, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds densely woolly,
free or slightly coherent. — Herbs or shrubs with lobed leaves and yellow or
purple flowers, the bractlets, calyx, and folded cotyledons sprinkled with
black dots.

The species of this important genns have been cultivated so widely in all the warmer
regions of the globe, and for so long a time, that there is a large number of varieties
looked upon by some authors as species ; but, however desirable it may be for cultural or
commercial purposes to give these numerous forms distinct names, in a work of this cha-
racter, it appears preferable to retain merely those species concerning which there is little
or no difference of opinion among botanists. To adopt any other course would almost
necessitate the raising of each individual specimen in the herbarium to the rank of a
species.
Cotton easily separable from the seeds. Seeds naked after the removal

of the wool 1. ^. Barbadense.

Cotton not readily separable. Seeds often with a dense coating of
felted hair beneath the cotton.

Bractlets of epicalyx linear, entire 2. G. anomalum.

Bractlets of epicalyx broad, more or less toothed, rarely entire.
Lobes of leaf oblong, narrowed at the base, often with a supple-
mentary lobe in the sinus. Flowers purple 3. (7. arboreum.

Lobes of leaf ovate, broad, without supplementary lobes. Flowers

yellow 4:. G. herbaceum.

1, G. Barbadense, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 456. A small shrub witb
smooth, pui-plish, somewhat angular branches sprinkled with black dots.
Leaves stalked, 1-glandulose, deeply palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate ; upper leaves cordate, sometimes entire or waved at
the margin ; stalks for the most part as long as the blades. Stipules falcate,
persistent. Peduncles angular, 1-flowered, shorter than the. petioles. Epi-
calyx of 3 large, cordate, acute, deeply laciniate segments, the central one
longer than the others. Corolla yellow. Pipe capsule 1-2 in. long, ovate,
glabrous ; valves woody, mucronate. Seeds free or combined, covered with

GossT/pium.] XXV. malvace^ (masters). 211

an easily sepnrable white or nankren-coloiired down. — G. punctaium, Schum.
et Thonn. PI. Guin. 310. G. vilifolium, Lara. Diet. ii. 135. G. peiuvianum.
DC. Prod. i. 456.

Cultivated in many districts of troi)ical Africa.

Upper Guinea. AbbeokutH, Irving ! Niger, Barter! Sierra Leone, Burton !

North Central. Kouka, ^. Voyel !

Nile Ijand. Abyssiuia, Dillon and Petit! Nubia, Scfiweivfurth ! lal. T S., Speke
and Grant !

liO^^er Guinea. Congo, Burton !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Lupata, and elsewhere, " in a wild state," Lr. Kirk !

This sjjccies is widely diffused by cultivation in the warmer regions of the globe, and
furnishes ihe various soits of "American Cotton." The Peruvian Cotton, G. peruvtanum,
DC, seems to be only a variety of this species, differing in the coherent seeds. Dr. Kirk
mentions this variety as being cultivated by the Makonde people 80 miles inland.

2. G. anomalum, Wnwra et Feyr'Usch, Serf. Bcnfjuel. p. 22. A slirub
5-10 ft. \\\v^^ with rough branches. Leaves stalked, downy on both surfaces,
cordate with a single gland on the under surface, the lower leaves palmately
5-lobed, the upper ones 3-lobed ; lobes roundish or slightly acute. Flowers
opposite the leaves. Bracts of the epicalyx entire, linear-lanceolate, twice
the length of the calyx, which latter is cup-shaped, 5-lobed ; lobes acumi-
nate. Petals reddish. Capsule ovoid, less than an inch in length, 3-valved ;
valves tuberculated, woody, acuminate. Seeds 3 or 4 in each cell of the
capsule, covered with brownish wool adherent to the seed. — G. Setiareme,
Fenzl in Sched. Kotschy, Iter ^thiop. Coll. 90.

Nile Ijand. Nubia, Kotschy !

Lower Guinea. Angola, Mossamedes, Br. Welwitsch ! Benguela, Waicra !

A distinct species, the only one truly wild in Africa according to Dr. ^^elwit*ch. The
linear segments of the epicalyx, the acuminate calyx-lobes, and the small tubercular capsule,
afford good means of discriminating this interesting species.

3. G. arboreum, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 456. A shrub attaining the
height of 6-8 ft. with slender, purplish, pilose branches. Leaves on long
stalks, 1-glandulose, deeply palmately 5-7-lobed ; lobes oblong-lanceolate,
mucronulate, sinuses between the lobes obtuse, often provided with a supple-
mentary lobe. Stipules falcate. Peduncles as long as the petioles, jointed
near the summit and often producing a small leaf at the joint Epicalyx
of 3 cordate, ovate, acute, slightly laciniate or nearly entire segments much
longer than the cup-shaped, nearly entire calyx. Corolla purple, twice the
size of the epicalyx ; column antheriferous for nearly its whole length.
Capsule about an inch long, oblong ; valves coriaceous or woody, mucronate.
Seeds free, covered with long white hairs in addition to a close green felt.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter! Abbeokuta, Irving!

Nile I«and. Abyssinia, Sckimper !

Cultivated in most tropical countries, though but little of the Cotton reache* this country.

4. G. herbaceum, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 456. A branching annual or
perennial with smooth or slightly hispid branches besprinkled with black
dots. Leaves stalked, upper ones ovate, lower ones cordate, palmately 3 5-
lobed; lobes broadly oval acuminate entire or sinuous, 3-5.nerved, 1-glan-

212 XXV. MALVACE^ (MASTERS). [Gossr/pium.

dulose on the under surface. Stalks of lower leaves as long as tlie blades.
Stipules lanceolate entire or slightly cut. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 1-
flowered, shorter than the petioles. Epicalyx of 3 cordate, ovate, acute,
laciniate or rarely nearly entire segments, which are three times longer than
the cup-shaped, nearly entire calyx. Corolla yellow with a purple spot at
the base, double the length of the epicalyx. Column bearing anthers near the
top only. Ripe capsule oblong, obtuse, 1-1^ in. long, 1 in. wide. Seeds free,
covered with whitish cotton closely adherent to the seed, often with a brownish
*' fuzz." — G. hirsutum, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 456. G. prosiratum, Schura. et
Thonn. PI. Guin. 311. G. punctntam, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 62 ; Rich.
Fl.. Abyss, i. 63, nee Schum. et Thonn.

Cultivated in almost every district of tropical Africa.

Upper Guinea. Senegarabia, Perrottet ! W^y^^&r, Barter ! Abbeokuta, Irving!

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Schweinfurth ! Abyssinia, Schimper, Dillon and Petit ! White
Nile, Petherick !

Mozaxub. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

This species is cultivated in various parts of India, Japan, the south of Europe, etc. The
wild form exists apparently in Scinde and Cabul, where it has been found by Stocks and
Dalzell. "The leaves in the wild plant have their lobes very rounded, but when cultivated,
the plants are not different from the ordinary G. herbaceum." (Stocks in Herb. Kew.)
The plants vary greatly in the amount of hairiness.

In addition to the above, a G. pttierulum, Klotzsch, Monog. Gossypii (ined.), is mentioned
by name only in Peters' Bot. Mossamb. i. 128. The plant is stated to grow at Senua, ou
the Zambesi.

15. ADANSONIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 209.

Calyx leathery, cup-shaped, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Column dividing above
into a great number of filaments ; anthers reniform. Ovary 5-10-celled ;
cells many-ovuled. Style longer than the stamens, dividing above into as
many stigmatic rays as there are cells to the ovary. Frait oblong, woody,
indehiscent, fdled with pulp. Seeds reniform. Embryo curved; cotyledons
much twisted. — Trees with a comparatively low trunk of vast circumference.
Leaves digitate. Plowers white, axillary, stalked, pendulous.

There are two species of this genus, one, the Baobab or Monkey-bread-tree of Africa,
also found in W. tropical Asia, where it is cultivated, the other a native of Australia.

1. A. digitata, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 478. A tree of moderate height
but with a trunk of vast thickness ; smaller branches somewhat angular,
downy. Leaves stalked, digitate, stalks 4-5 in. long ; leaflets oblong entire
or sinuous at the margins, acuminate, smooth above, downy below, 2-3 in.
lonj^. Peduncles solitaiy, axillary, 1-flowered, twice the length of the leaves,
pendent. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-cleft ; lobes oblong, obtuse, leathery, velvety
inside. Petals 5, roundish, leathery, white, spreading, ultimately reflected,
twice or thrice the size of the calyx, 5-6 in. diam. Column entire below,
above broken up into a great number of filaments bearing 1-cellcd anthers.
Style long; stigma of 7-10 spreading rays. Ovary ovate, silky. Flowers
in May before the leaves.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet ! Niger, Barter ! Quorra, T. Yogel !

Adayisonia^ xxv. malvace.e (masters), 213

Nile Land. Ethiopia, Kntschy ! Abyssinia, Billon and Petit, Schimper.

South Central. Lat. 23° S., Cfiapman and Raines !

Mozamb. Distr. Along the whole const, Peters! Shupanga, J)r. Kirk!

This is the famous Baobab or Monkey-bread-tree, known also in India as the Cork-tree.
The trunk attains a height of 40-60 ft., while its diameter is no less than 30 ft. The
flowers are produced before the leaves. Its bark furnishes cordage, and the pulp of the fruit
is slightly acid and refrigerant. The M()/,aiiil)i(]ut specimens have rather narrower leaves
than those from other parts of Africa, and they are in some instances smooth on the under
surface. The flowers, too, are smaller than those of the tree grown elsewhere. Similar
variations occur in India.

16. BOMBAX, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. I'l. i. 210.

Calyx cup-shaped, truncate or obscurely 3-5-lobe(l. Corolla 6-lobed.
Stamens pentadelphous below, each parcel placed opposite to a petal and di-
viding above into numerous filaments ; anthers 1-celled, not sinuous. Ovary
5-celled with many ovules in each cell. Style clavate, dividing at the apex
into 5 short stigmatic rays. Capsule woody, loculicidally 5-valved ; valves
very downy. Seeds roundish. Cotyledons folded. — Tall trees with digitate
leaves. Flowerstalks axillary or termiual, solitary or clustered, 1 -flowered.

A genus having few representatives in tropical Africa and Asia, but more abundant in
America.

1. B. Buonopozense, Beauv. II. Owar. ii. 42. t. 83. A large tree
with obscurely quadrangular branches, covered by a loose tuberculate bark
and having here and there a few stout conical prickles hooked at the points
besides being marked by the cicatrices of the leaf and flowerstalks. Leaves
stalked, digitate; stalks 3-6 in. long, cylindrical; leaflets 5-7, oblong, at-
tenuate at the base, acuminate, apiculate, entire, smooth on both surfaces.
Pedicels solitary, axillary, about an inch in length, cylindrical, curved. Calyx
cup-shaped, entire, leathery, covered with a few stellate hairs on the outside
and thickly clothed with simple hairs within. Corolla scarlet, three or four
times longer than the calyx, of 5 oblong, obtuse, leathery lobes, which are
densely covered with stellate pubescence on the outside. Stamens penta-
delphous below, shorter than the corolla, each parcel dividing below tiie
middle into a great number of hairy filaments. Style clavate; stigmas 5..
radiate.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter ! Sierra Leone, Miss Turner ! Senegambia, Perrotlet !

Dr. Hooker, in the ' Niger Flora,' 232, describes the leaves of a plant in the Kew her-
barium as possibly belonging to this speciis, but they are ciliatescrrate near the top,
not entire, and do not correspond with Palisot's figure or with Perrottet's s|K'cimcas in
the British Museum. There is no evidence at present as to what species they proiierly be-
long.

17. ERIODENDRON, DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Citn. PI. i. 210.

Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed. Staminal column divided at the ajicx into 5
divisions, each bearing 3 sinuous anthers. Ovary 5-celled ; ovules nu-
merous. Style club-shaped, pentagonal. Capsule coriaceous, downy within.
Seeds obovoid, embedded in wool. — Spiny tree, with digitate leaves and large
axillary or terminal rose-coloured or white flowers.

214 XXV. MALVACE^ (masters). [Eriodendroti,

Represented in Africa by a single species, which is also found in the E. and W. Indies.

1. E. anfractuosum, DC. Prod, i, 479. A. large tree spiny when
young; trunk dilated at the base. Branches verticillate. Leafstalks 4-6
in. long, terminating in a small, suborbicular disk from which proceed in a
digitate manner 7 shortly stalked, lanceolate, acuminate, undulate leaflets,
smooth on both surfaces, 4-6 in. long, \-\\ in. wide. Calyx f in. long,
leathery, cup-shaped, with 5 shallow rounded lobes. Corolla three or four
times the length of the calyx. Petals oblong, obtuse, rose-coloured, villous
outside, glabrous within. Stamens united into 5 bundles, each bearing 3
sinuous anthers. Capsule ovate-oblong, 5-8 in. long, 5-valved, many-seeded.
Seeds woolly. — Bomhax pentandrum, Linn. Sp. 959. B. guiueense, Schum.
et Thonn. PI. Guin. 302.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet ! Thonning.

IaQvq&t Guinea. Congo, Smith !

This species occurs also in both the E. and the W. Indies. Thonning says his Bomhax
guineetise differs from B. pentandrum in the branches, which do not spread at a right angle,
and in the paucity of spines.

Order XXVI, STERCULIACEiE (by Dr. Maxwell T. Masters).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx usually persistent,
more or less deeply divided into 5 or rarely 3 or 4 valvate lobes, or rarely
splitting irregularly into 2 valves, still more rarely the sepals entirely
free. Petals 5, hypogynous, free or adhering to the staminal column, con-
torted-imbricate in the bud or small and scale-like or none. Stamens
usually united into a ring, a cup or a tube with 5 terminal teeth or lobes
(staminodia) alternating with or opposite to the petals, and 1 or more an-
thers sessile or stipitate (on distinct filaments) in each interval, the anthers
2-celled and opening outwards by longitudinal slits, or exceptionally, the an-
thers are numerous and the staminodia are wanting, or the stamens are 5, free
and alternate with the sepals or the anther-cells confluent or opening by ter-
minal pores. Ovary free, 2-5-celled, with the carpels more or less united,
rarely 10-12-celled or reduced'to a single carpel. Styles entire or divided into
as many branches as there are cells or rarely styles free, equal in number to
the cells. Fruit various. Seeds sometimes hairy but not cottony, sornetimes
arillate ; testa coriaceous fibrous or membranous ; tegmen horny ; albumen
fleshy farinaceous or horny, entire or bipartite or none. Cotyledons flat or
folded, thin or fleshy, distinct or adherent to the biparted albumen. Eadicle
short, near to or sometimes remote from the hilum. — Herbs shrubs or trees, the
tomentum or hairs stellate, rarely mixed with simple hairs. Leaves alternate
or exceptionally opposite, simple and pinnately or palmately nerved, entire
toothed or lobed or digitately compound. Stipules sometimes absent.

A large Order, chiefly tropical, dispersed over the New and the Old World, and Australia.

Teibe I. Stercnlieae. — Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Calyx sometimes coloured.
Petals 0. Anthers 5-15, adnate, crowded at the extremity of a long column or a short
gynophore around the base of the ovary.

Anthers crowded into a head. Seeds albuminous.

XXVI. STFJICULIACE.£ (MASTERS). 215

Calyx 4-5-fi(l. Cnrpcls 4 -5 1. Stf.uci'ma.

Calyx 8-(icl. Carpels imiiuions 2. OcTOLOUUS.

Anthers in a single row, vcrticillato. Albuiiieii wanting.

Anthers 10-12. Krnit usually dehisceul 3. Cm. a.

Anthers 5. Fruit indehiscent 4. llKurriK.RA.

Tribe TI, Helicterese. — F/oicers hermnjihrodite. Vetals 5, deciduous. Anther »
15, cells diverf/eut, alternating with small staminndia.

Capsule stipitate, membranous, inflated 5. Ki.kinhovia.

Tribe III. Dombeyese.— /'/owvr.y hnmnphrodif,'. Petals usually persislnit, Jtat.
Anthers 5-20, cells parallel'. Staminodia 5. Capsule sessile. Cuti/ledons cleft.

Brnctlcts caducous or none. Stamens 3, between each pair of sta-

miiiodos 6. DoMBErA.

Bractlets persistent. Stamens solitary between the staminodes . . 7- Mki.mania.

Tribe TV. Herxnannieae. — Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals Jlat. Stamens ^, dis-
tinct. Staminodes none. Cotyledons entire.

Ovules numerous. Embryo curved.

Filaments dilated at the apex 8. IIfrmannia.

Filaments dilated in the middle D. MAHfcu.MA.

Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Embryo straight.

Ovary 5-celled 10. Mei.ochia.

Ovary 1-eelled 11. Walthkria.

Tribe V. Buettnerieae. — Floioers hermaphrodite. Petals concave, often vnth an
appendage at the apex. Anthers at the margins of a funnel-shaped staminal tube, be-
tween the staminodes.

Anthers numerous, between the staminodes.

Petals obovatc, concave, exappendiculate. Anthers sessile. Sta-

minodin short, broad 12. Scaphopetalum.

Petals minute. Anthers on long filaments. Staminodia linear . 13. Lkitonvchia.
Anthers solitary between the staminodes 14. Buettnkeia.

1. STERCULIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. V\. i.-217.

riowers unisexual or polyp:amous. Calyx 4-5 -cleft or -parted, often
coloured. Petnls 0. Colninn bearinoj 10-15 anthers in n capitate head.
Ovary 5-celled, each cell with 2-oo ovules. Styles consolidated ; stij^mas 5-
lobeci. Ripe carpels sepni-ate, spreading, woody or leathery, ultimately
splitting longitudinally, at otlier times thinner, membrnnous or subfoliaceons,
opening very early. Seeds 1 or several. Albumen splitting into 2 s«'gments,
adhtrent to the cotyledons, and thus often assuming the appearance of the
cotyledons, the latttr are flat and thin ; radicle directed towards the hihim
or away from it. — Trees with entire or lobed leaves. Flowers in axillary or
terminal panicles.

A large genus whose species are most abundant in tropical Asia. Although there is a
general coincidence in habit and in the flowers, yet the fruits and the seeds are »o variable
that by many they have been made the grounds for 8c[mralion into distinct genera. Thr
varying position of the radicle with reference to the hilura |>arlicularly needs the study of
tlie fresh specimens in all stages of development.

216 XXVI. sTERCULiACEiE (MASTERS). [SiercuHa.

Follicles woody or leathery dehiscing, wheu ripe.
Leaves oblong, obovate, entire, uuicostate.

Leaves pilose at least beneath 1. S. Tragacantha.

Leaves glabrous on both surfaces 2.-8^. oblonga.

Leaves roundish, angular or lobed, palmicostate.
Leaves siibglabrous.

Lobes of leaves pointed 3. S. Triphaca.

Lobes of leaves rouuded or none 4. «S. cordifolia.

Leaves downy on both surfaces.

Lobes of leaf acute, not white underneath 5. 5. tomentosa.

Lobes of leaf acuminate, white underneath 6. 5. cinerea.

Follicles membrauous, thin, splitting before the seed is ripe. (Sect.

Firmiana.) T. S. Barteri.

1. S. Tragacantha, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1358. A tree 40-50 ft. high,
with rugged greyish bark ; younger shoots as well as the leafstalks, under
surface of the leaves, pedicels, calyx, and outer surface of the follicles,
clothed with rufous down. Leafstalks 1-2 in. long. Leaves leathery, ob-
long, obtuse at the base, blunt or subacuminate at the apex or even slightly
3-lobed, entire or sinuous, unicostate, feather-veined. Flowers small, nu-
merous, in much-branched clusters ; pedicels jointed. Calyx funnel-shaped,
red, 5-toothed; lobes oblong, cohering at the apex. Column shorter than
the calyx. Anthers in 2 rows. Follicles 5, stipitate, oblong acute or slightly
cuspidate, covered with close reddish down, 2-4 in. long, \\ in. across. —
-S'. pubescetis, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 615. >S'. obovata, R. Br. PL Jav. Ear. 283.

Upper Guinea. Cape Coast, Brass ! Niger, Barter ! Senegambia, Heudelot ! Sierra
Leone, Don !

IiOTirer Guinea. Congo, Smith !

2. S, oblonga. Mast. A tree 50 ft. in height with spreading branches
{Mann). Leafstalks flattened, 1-2 in. long. Leaves longer than their
stalks, rounded at the base, oblong acute or roundish, rarely subacuminate,
sinuous at the margins, unicostate, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers nu-
merous, small, in terminal, leafless, much-branched, panicled cymes. Bracts
small, deciduous. Flovver-buds oblong, obtuse. Calyx downy on both sur-
faces, cup-shaped, deeply 5-parted ; segments oblong, obtuse, at first valvate,
ultimately spreading. Staminal column slender, hairy at the base, shorter
than the calyx. Anthers numerous, in a globose head ; lobes parallel. Ovary
and fruit not known.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !
Apparently a distinct species, but imperfectly known.

3. S. Triphaca, R. Br. PI. Jav. Rar. 221. A large tree, with thick,
greyish, rugose branches. Leafstalks 4-5 in. long, as long as the leaves,
subglabrous. Leaves cordate, roundish or 3-lobed ; lobes entire, acuminate*
central one longest, nearly glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers numerous in
much-branched axillary panicles. Peduncles downy, 2-8 in. long ; pedicels
jointed, shorter than the flower. Calyx less than ^ in. long, downy on the
outside, smooth and pink within, divided halfway down into 5 ovate-lanceolate
spreading segments. Column smooth, shorter than the calyx ; anthers
clustered at the top of the column or in 2 rows round the base of an abortive

Stercnlia.'] xxvi. sterculiace.*; (masters). 217

pilose ovnry. Follicles 3-5, spreading, siibsessile, ovate-acuminate, downy
on the outer surface. Seeds arillate on a villose placenta. — 7V//>//«rrt nf'ri-
cana, Lour. ; DC. Prod. i. 483. S. abynHinica, R. Br. Pi. Jav. Rar. 227
(partly) ; T. Anderson in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 9. S. iponuBfsfolui,
Garcke in Pet. Mossamb. Bot. i. 130.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Salt !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk ! Senna, Peters.

There is no doubt, as Dr. Anderson has pointed out, that II. Brown confused two sprricf
under the head of S. abi/ssinica, and that Garcke's .V. iponupcrfolia is identical with R.
Brown's S. Triphaca. It seems, therefore, best to adopt the ohle-t nanu', and rt-fer to it, in
part, R. Brown's S. abyssinica. S. arahica, T. AikKts., the fruit of which Brown referred
to his S. abyssinica, has not been found in tropical Africa.

4. S. ? cordifolia, Cav.; Guill. et P^rr. Fl. Sf)ieg. i. 79. /. 15. A

lar^e tree, 60-80 feet high ; the bark of which peels off like that of the Plane.
Branches spreading; younger ones puberulous. Leafstalks 1-5 in. long,
downy. Leaves cordate, roundish, sinuous, entire or slightly lobed, coria-
ceous, glabrous on both surfaces or slightly stellate-pilose, especially beneath,
5-6 in. or more long, somewhat less in breadth. Flowers numerous, snuili,
in much-branched axillary clusters ; pedicels divjiricate, downy. Calyx ur-
ceolate, 3-toothed, downy on the outside. Stamens 10-12, very short, placed
around the ovary or crowded in a globose head at the extremity of a long stalk
and surrounding an abortive ovary. Carpels 5, spreading, thick, acuminate,
tapering at the base, smooth within, 8-10-seeded. Seeds with a yellow aril,
exalbuminous (?).

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Hendelot ! Perrottet !

Not having: examined perfect flowers of this species, I adopt the description given by
Guillemin and Perrottet. Their figure of the column and anthers hardly agrees with their
description, and seems to represent either a single ring of anthers, with superposed lobe*, as
in Coluy or a double ring of anthers with parallel lobes. The aril is said to be edible.
Cavanilles' figure of the fruit (Diss. v. t. 144) belongs rather to iS. tomentusa, as pointed
out by Guillemin and Perrottet. Robert Brown, PI. Jav. Rar. 237, refers this plant to his
genus Cola, " ob antherarurn loculis divaricatissiniis, scminibus exalbuminosis et radicula
embryonis hilo proxima," etc. But Guillemin and Perrottet describe the anthers as con-
gested in a globose head, thoucrh their figure does not correspond with the description.
Their account of the seeds having an arillus, and of the embryo as having thick flat coty-
ledons, reuders it probable that there is some confusion also as to the seeds, of which latter
they give no figure. The habit and structure of the flower, as described, are more nearly
those of Sterculia than of Cola.

5. S. tomentosa, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 8L t. 16. A tree 20 -30
ft. high. Branches rugose ; younger ones downy. Leaves approximate,
stalked; petioles 3-4 in. long, downy; laminae cordate, roundish, angular
or somewhat 3-lobed ; lobes acuminate, the central one longest, downy
on both surfiioes. Flowers numerous, in much-branched axillary panicles ;
pedicels spreading, downy, as long as or longer than the flower. Flower-
buds broadly ovate. Calyx \ in. long, cup-shaped, downy, 5-fid ; lobes lan-
ceolate, valvate in the bud, ultimately spreading. Staminal column curved,
slender, half the length of the calyx, dividing at the extremity into 5 short
branches each of which supports three 2-lol)ed anthers; lobes parallel, sur-
rounding an abortive pilose ovary, with a single curved style. Carpels 3-5,

218 XXVI. sTERCULiACEJi (masters). [StercuUa.

sessile, obliquely oblong, acuminate, ventricose on the upper surface, dehis-
cing longitudinally, densely tomentose on the outer surface, setose within
along the placental line. Seeds numerous, ol)long-ovate ; testa purplish ;
legmen horny, with a yellow^ horny arillus near the hilum. Albumen 2-
parted. Cotyledons flat, adhering to the albumen ; radicle turned away
from hilum. — ? S. setlgera, Delile. Voy. Meroe, 61.

XJpper Guinea. Niger, T. Yog el '

North Central. Musgn, E. Vogel 1

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Scfiimper !

Lower Guinea. Loauda, Admiral Grey I

This is one of the plants called " Kola " by the natives, thongh it dors not furnish the
Kola nuts of the African markets. Delile describes a fruit, under the name of S. seligera,
which may belong here.

6. S, cinerea, H/ch. Fl. Jby<is.\.14f. t. 16. A tree of moderate height,
with spreading, rugose, tubercled, greyish branches ; younger shoots, pe-
tioles and pedicels covered with dense grey tomentum. Leaves on very long
stalks, cordate, palraately 3-5-lobed, 4-5 in. long and nearly as broad as
long; lobes entire or sinuous, with long points, stellate-pilose above and
villose along the nerves, densely cinereo-tomentose below. Mowers nume-
rous, in much-branched axillary panicles. Calyx broadly cup-shaped, | in.
long, tomentose on the outside, pinkish within, divided halfway down into
5 lanceolate spreading lobes, Staminal column slender, curved, scarcely so
long as the calyx, terminating in a subglobose head of anthers. Follicles
3-5, sessile, spreading, oblong-acuminate, retlexed at the point, downy out-
side, setose within, especially along the placenta. Seeds numerous, oblong,
blackish, with a yellow aril.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !

Nile Land. Seunar, Ao/^cZ/y / Abyssinia, Schwehifurth ! Billon mid Petit! Madi,
Speke and Grant I

Very like S. tomentosa, Guill. et Perr., and perhaps only a variety of it. Its very
acuminate leaf-lobes and their grey under-surfaces, suffice to give the plant a distinct
aspect.

In the Kew Museum are fruits probably of this species, from Mr. Baines, who gathered
them in S. tropical Africa. The follicles are 3-4 in. long, sessile, oblong-acuminate,
downy on both surfaces,-and studded with rather long stinging bnstles along the placenta.
The seeds are numerous, oblong, \ in. in length, nearly double the size of- those oi S. to-
mentusa ; they have a purplish testa and a horny tegmen, with a yellow horny aril at the
base. Mr. Haines speaks of it as the Kookomboya-tree. There is, in the herbarium, a frag-
ment of a flowering branch, with a drawing and notes from Dr. Kirk, referring, probably
to the same tree.

7. S. Barter!, Most. A tree 30-40 feet high. Branches thick, covered
with loose, smooth, reddish-yellow bark. Leafstalks 3-4 in. long. Leaves
cordate-roundish, acuminate, sinuous, palmately 7-nerved, smooth on both
surfaces or with a few stellate hairs beneath, 4-8 in. long. Flowers nume-
rous, in loose branching panicles ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; pe-
dicels \-\ in. long, jointed. Perianth f in. long, scarlet, leathery, tubular,
gibbous at the base, contracted in the middle and divided at the limb into 5
short, ovate, acute, leathery teeth, downy externally, smooth within except at
the base, where there are a few villi directed downwards. Staminal column

SlercuUa.] xxvi. sterculiace.e (masters). 219

rather shorter than the perianth. Anthers in 2 rows. Ovary . . . Fruit
supported on a lon<< s^ynophore, twice the length of the persistant" perinnth, of
5, spreading, membranous, oblong, 1-seeded follicles, each about 2 in.* in
length. Seeds smooth.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !

According to Mr. Barter, this tree, like many others, is leafless in the dry season, and
the scarlet flowers are produced before the new leaves. The wood is lizht and u»<'d for
floats for fishertnen's nets. The bark is described as resinous, with a disagreeable odour.
The species resembles the Indian S. (Firmiana) coloruta, but the flowers are rmirh sniallir
and contracted in the centre, while in the Indian plant the perianth is funnel-shaped. The
fruits do not appear to open so early in the African as in the Indian species.

In the Kew Museum are specimens of a Sterculiaceons fniit, from the Uovuma river,
collected by Dr. Kirk, without leaves or flowers, and of which no corresponding gpt-ri-
mens exist in the herbarium. As the fruits and seeds seem distinct Iroui any other
African species, a description is appended.— Kollicles 4-(5?), spreading, oblong, cyli'ndrirul,
subsessile or on a short very thick stipes, slightly acimiinate or rostrate at the apex, w<MHly[
densely covered with a ferruginous tomentum, whitish within. Seeds numerous, oblong,
obtuse, subtetragonal, nearly an inch in length, suspended by rather long, slender, funi-
cles; testa coriaceous, bright yellow, apparently succulent when fresh; tegmen dark brown,
thicker than the testa, horny ; albumen horny ; radicle next the hilum.

Dr. Kirk adds that the outer portions of the seed yield an abundance of oil. Is this re-
ferable to Cola quinqueloha, Garcke ? From the same botanist are specimenR, labelled,
"Tette, 2. Common, from Batoka to Shupanga, Nov. I860;" and another, " Rovunia,
small tree. Leaves palmate." These tveo specimens are evidently of the same species,
both are said to yield oily seeds, but they appear different from that above described.
No leaves or flowers accompany the specimens, which consist merely of fruiling-branchcs,
bearing at their extremities 4-5 verticillate, woody follicles, each raised on a slender stipt-s,
■5 in. in length and oblong acuminate, somewhat compressed, often arcuate, in form, covered
with reddish down on the exterior, less thickly soon the inner surlace, widely dchiscint along
the ventral suture. Seeds immature, purplish. The follicles appear to burst early, as in
Firmiana, but they are thick and, woody in texture and a whitish gum exudes from them.

2. OCTOLOBUS, Welw. in Linn. Trans, xxvii. ined. ; Benth. et Hook. f.
Gen. PI. i. 982, addenda.

Flowers unisexual. Calyx-tube subcylindrical ; limb campannlate, S-
lobed ; lobes coriaceous, margins membranous, induplicate, corrugate. Pe-
tals 0. Staminal column cylindrical, short, placed on an elongated conical
tomentose stipes ; anthers very numerous, connate, in an orbicular depressed
head. Carpels very numerous, distinct, clustered in a globose head raised upon
a short gynophore and encircled by a ring of staminodia, each carpel ovoid, to-
mentose, I-eelled. Stigma sessile, 2-lobcd. Ovules nunuTous, in two rows.
Ei|)e ear|)els 8-12, distinct, stalked, obovoid, gibbous, terminating in a re-
curved beak, 2-seeded. Seeds subglobose, sessile, with an orbicular hilum ;
te->ta membranous ; albumen 0 ; embryo subglobose ; cotyledons very thick ;
radicle very short, plumule pilose. — A tree with stout spreading brnnrhes.
Leaves alternate, on long stalks; petioles thickened at the apex; blade of
leaf obovate-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, coriaceous, smooth. Stipules
lateral, erect, very acute. Flowers large, sessile, solitary, fulvous-villose.

Only known to me from the above description extracted from Hi nlh. and Hook. 1. c.

220 XXVI. STEllCULIACE^ (mASTERS).

3. COLA, Schott; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 213.

Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Calyx 4- or S-cleft. Petals 0. Column
sometimes very short, bearing 10-12 anthers, disposed in a single row ;
anther-cells parallel or superposed. Ovary 5-10-celled. Ovules numerous.
Styles as many as the cells of the ovary. Fruit of 4 or 5 leathery or woody
oblong carpels, ultimately splitting lengthwise. Seeds numerous, obovoid,
exalbuminous ; cotyledons thick, sometimes 2-parted ; radicle next to the
hilum. — Trees. Leaves entire or lobed. Flowers in axillary clusters.

Anther-cells divergent, superposed I. C. acuminata.

Anther-cells parallel.
Leaves simple.

Flowers in dense clusters from the old wood 2. C. cauliflora.

Flowers numerous, in axillary clusters. Branches angular . . 3. C. laurifolia.
Flowers few, in short axillary clusters.

Fruit downy, sessile » . . . . 4. C. Gabonensis.

Fruit smooth, stipitate, 1-seeded 5. C clavata.

Leaves palmately lobed.

Leaves rounded at the base 6. C.fcifoUa.

Leaves cuneate at the base 1. C. heterophylla.

Leaves cordate at the base.

Fruit smooth 8. C. Afzelii.

Fruit densely downy 9. C quinquehba.

Leaves digitate.

Leaves silvery beneath 10. C. aryentea.

Leaves not silvery beneath. Fruit spHtting early, crimson

within II- C. digitaia.

1. C. acuminata, i?. Br. PI. Jav. Ear. 237. A tree, 20-30 feet high,
with cylindrical smooth branches. Petioles 1-3 in. long, thickened at the
apex ; blades 3-6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, coriaceous, tapering at the base,
oblong-acuminate, entire or slightly sinuous and revolute at the margins,
smooth, or when young with a few brownish stelliform hairs, 1-costate,
arcuate-venose, often with the lower pair of secondary veins more prominent
than the others. Flowers numerous, polygamous, in terminal and axillary
cymose panicles. Peduncles shorter than the petioles, stellate-tomentose.
Flower-buds subglobose. Calyx cup-shaped, \ in. or more in- diam., coria-
ceous, slightly stellate-tomentose on the exterior, marked with purplish striae
on the inner surface ; limb 5-6-cleft ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ultimately
spreading. Male fl. : Column slender, much shorter than the calyx, bearing
a ring of 10 2-lobed anthers; anther-lobes divergent, superposed. Herma-
phrodite fl. : x^nthers subsessile in a ring surrounding the base of an oblong
stellate-pilose, 5-lobed, 5-celled ovary. Styles .5, linear, subulate, refiexed.
Ovules numerous, anatropal, attached in a double row to the ventral suture of
each carpel. Fruit of 5 follicles or fewer by abortion, each one sessile or
subsessile, oblong, obtuse or rostrate, coriaceous or woody, smooth or tuber-
culate, 3-6 in. long, 2-3 in. thick. Seeds 6-12 in each follicle, oblong, ob-
tuse, subtetragonal ; testa purplish, cartilaginous. Cotyledons 2-3-4 or
even 5, thick, horny, appressed, flat ; radicle directed tow^ards the hilum. —
StercuUa acuminata. Pal. de Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. 41, t. 24 ; Bot. Mag. 5699.

Cola.] XXVI. STERCCLIACE.E (MASTERS). 221

Vpper Guinea. Sierra T^one, Don ! Dr. Daniel/ ! Dr. Kirk ! FcrnRiiHo Po, Mann !
Barter! St. Thomas, Don I Niger, Barter! Gaboon, Mann ! Prince's Island. Barter!

Var. &. Leaves broader and with shorter stalks than in the tvpe, and with the flowers
nearly double the size.— Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 233. Sterculia nitida, Vt-nt. Jard. Malm. ii. 'Jl
adnot. S. verticil/ata, Schum. et Thoiin. PI. Guin. 240. 5. macrocarpa, Don, Gen.
Sy&t. i. 515. Siphoniopsis morwica, Karsten, Fl. Coliiinb. 139 t. 69.

Var. &. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! St. Thomas, Don ! Fernando Po,

Mann ! Yog el I

Isower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

This tree furnishes the Cola nuts, so much esteemed by the natives for their bitter flavonr,
and which are said to enhance the taste of whatever is eaten after them. It varies very much
in the size and form of the leaves and flowers, the appearance of the pods, the colour of
the seeds, and even the presence of from 2-5 separate and distinct cotyledons. Whether
these variations depend upon cultivation or not, it is not easy to decide ; w hether or no,
numerous intermediate gradations between the different forms may be traced. The numbfu-
of cotyledons varies even in seeds taken from the same pod. Barter says that the nuts with
4 cotyledons are not so much prized as those with 2 in the native markets. Karsten gives
an admirable figure of the plant, but not having the fruit he mistook it and constituted of
it a new Terebinthaceoue genus. The tree has been introduced into the W. Indies, S. America,
etc., the form usually cultivated being the broad-leaved, large-flowered one.

The name Cola or Kolah seems to be also applied to several other Sterculiaceous seeds,
but those of C. acuminata and its varieties are those most prized in the native markets.
The " Bitter Cola" of Fernando Po is the produce of some other tree, some Gutiifera.

Under this head, too, I would place, provisionally, specimens gathered by Barter at
Eppah, and by Mann at Old Calabar! of which only leaves and imperfect fruits exist in
the Kew herbarium. The leafstalks are not so much thickened at the apex as in the true
C acuminata, and the leaves themselves are thinner in texture, and in one instance show a
tendency tovvards lobing. The fruit is borne on thick axillary stalks, and consists of 2-4
sessile, oblong, acuminate, coriaceous, reddish carpels.

Closely allied also to C. acuminata are some specimens from Abbeokuta, from Dr. Irving,
They differ principally in the membranous leaves and smaller flowers. The latter are in
terminal panicles and have the structure of Cola acuminata, but are scarcely i in. in
diam. In the abseuce of further information, the plant is merely mentioned in this place ;
it may ultimately prove to be a distinct species.

2. C. cauliflora. Mast. A shrub or small tree, 10-20 ft. high {Maun).
Branches cylindrical, covered with a greyish-rugose bark. Leaves subsessiie
or with stalks 2 in. in length, thickened at the apex ; blades coriaceous,
glabrous, 3-8 in. long, oblong or elliptical, tapering at the base or somewhat
rounded, acuminate or rarely rounded at the apex, undulate or entire, 1-
costate, smaller veins arcuate-reticulate. Stipules lanceolate, \ in. long, de-
ciduous. Flowers numerous, in clusters from out of the old wood ; pedicels
slender, |— 1 in. long, as well as the calyx, covered with fine reddish down.
Calyx of the male tiower larger than that of the hermaphrodite flower, broadly
campanulate, 5-lobed ; lobes oblong-lanceolate. Column slender, sliortrr
than the calyx, surmounted by a ring of 2-lobed parallel anthers. Hermaphro-
dite fl. : Calyx similar, but smaller, \-\ in. in diam. Anthers siHjsessilc,
in a ring at the base of a roundish, oblong, downy, 3-i-lobed ovary. i>tigma3
3-4, large, fleshy, reflexed. Fruit. . . .

Upper Guinea. Gaboon river, river Kongui, and Ambas Bay, Mann !

The specimens from Ambas Bay have nearly sessile leaves and smaller flowers than the

222 XXVI. STERCULiACE^ (masters). [Cola.

others. I cannot look on this as of specific importance, as in some of the other specimens
both sessile and stalked leaves may be found, and also considerable difference in the shape of
the leaves on the same specimen.

The size of the tlowers is also notoriously variable in this geuus.

3. C. laurifolia. Mast. A small tree ; tlie younger brandies angular,
and, as well as the petioles, covered with ferruginous tonnentum. Leafstalks'
4-5 in. long, spreading, thickened at the extreraity. Leaves 6-8 in. long,
leathery, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at the base, acuminate at the apex,
crisped or sinuous, 1-costate, smooth above and with a slight covering of
rusty tomentum along the nerves on the under surface. Panicles cymose,
axillary, mauy flowered, much shorter than the leafstalks. Pedicels slender,
•5- in. long, like the calyx, very densely covered with dark reddish-brown stel-
liform tomentum. Flower-buds globose. Flowers small, not ^in, in diam.
Ca^yx broadly carapanulate, deeply 5-parted ; segments ultimately spread-
ing, oblong-lanceolate. Male fl. : Column slender, cylindrical, as long as or
longer than the calyx-lobes. Anthers 10, in a single row at the top of
the column ; anther-lobes parallel. Female fl. : Fruiting branches thickened.
Fruits of 2-3-5 subsessile, spreading, oblong, obtuse or roundish carpels,
each carpel coriaceous (rugose when dry), slightly fleshy in the fresh state,
indehiscent, 1-2 inches long, f-1 in. wide. Seeds 4-6 in each carpel,
oblong, obtuse, subtetragonal ; testa yellow, cartilaginous ; albumen 0. Coty-
ledons 2, flat, brownish, thick ; radicle directed towards the hilum.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Barter ! ? Quorra, T. Vogel.

Apparently a very distinct species, recognizalle by its long-stalked undulate leaves, its
small flowers and peculiar fruit and seeds. It is a true Cola. Very like it, if not identical,
is a specimen of Vogel's from the Quorra, and labelled by Planchon as " sp. n. C. Vogelii."

Il differs from the plant just described in its much broader nearly glabrous leaves, and in
its apparently more woody fruit. The materials are too imperfect to allow of my adopting
Plauchon's indications.

4. C. gabonensis. Mast. A shmb, the younger branches slender,
covered with reddish wrinkled branches. Stipules linear-lanceolate, downy,
^-\ in. long. Petioles cylindrical, glabrous, 2-4 in. long. Leaves subco-
riaceous, elliptical, acuminate, entire, tapering at the base, 1-costate, glabrous,
arcuate-venose. Flowers few, on short axillary stalks, \-\ in. long. Flower-
buds subglobose, downy. Calyx of male flower funnel-shaped, 5-toothed,
teeth connivent, deltoid, ('olumn slender, shorter than the perianth. An-
thers 1-seriate, 2-lobed ; lobes parallel, in a ring at the apex of the column.
Hermaphrodite fl. : Immature fruit of 4 sm^ll, oblong, downy, wrinkled,
woody, spreading carpels. Seeds . . .

Upper Gruinea. Gaboon river, Mann !

Seemingly distinct from any other species, but the materials are as yet very imperfect.

5. C. clavata. Mast. A tree of considerable size {Kirk), covered with
greyish ash-coloured bark. Stipules . . . Petioles slender, cylindrical, 2-3
in. long, thickened at the apex. Leaves as long as or longei* than the petioles,
1^-2 in. wide, subcoriaceous, glabrous, oblong obtuse, or elliptical, tapering at
the base, entire or undulate at the margins, 1-costate, arcuate-venose. Flowers

Cola.'] XXVI. STERCULIACE^E (masters). 223

. . . Fruitinn^-podiods solitary or 3-4 from the axils of the fiillni leaves, \-^
in. lon^. Carpels 2 by abortion, 1-1^ in. long, oblong, tapering at the base
and sligiitly curved, indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed oblong ; testa
yellow, shining, membranous ; teginen fibrous ; albumen 0. Cotyledons 2,
flat, thick ; radicle directed towards the hilum.

Mozamb. Distr. Shanio, Drs. Meller ! and Kirk !

Fruiting specimens only exist in the herbarium, but these are so distinrt as to warrant
the formation of a new species. The club-shaped 1 -seeded fruits seem very characteristic.

6. C. ficifolia, Mast. A small tree, 20 ft. high. Branches covered with
rufous stellate tomentum. Stipules nearly an inch in length, linear-hincro-
late, longitudinally striate, persistent. Leafstalks 12-18 in. long, cylindrical.
Leaves 18-24 in. long, somewhat less in breadth, rigid, leathery, cordate,
roundish, palmately .3-5-lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse or abruptly acuminate,
nndulate, smooth on both surfaces, with prominent reticulate venation below.
Flowers numerous, subsessile, in dense axillary tufts ; bractlets spoon-shaped,
downy. Flower-buds subglobose. Calyx campanulate, downy, 5-ch'ft ; seg-
ments deltoid, crimson and longitudinally striated on the inner surface. Male
fl. . . . Female fl. : Anthers nearly sessile, 2-lobed ; lobes parallel, surround-
ing a 3-lobed, 3-celled, downy ovary, surmounted by 3 fleshy reflexed stig-
mas. Fruit. . . .

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

The leaves are strikingly like those of Ficus Carica, hence the name,

7. C. heterophylla, Mast. A tree with greyish rugose bark. Leaves
on long stalks ; petioles thickened at the apex ; blades membranous, covered
when young with rufous down, ultimately glabrous, polymorphous, usually
wedge-shaped at the base and more or less palmately 3-lobed ; lobes oblong-
lanceolate acuminate; central one largest, rarely quite entire, oblong, roundish
at the base. Flowers numerous, in axillary or terminal cymose panicles.
Pe<luncles shorter than the petioles. Calyx ^ in. in length, leathery, funnel-
shaped, downy outside ; limb 5-parted ; lobes ovate acute, reddish within.
Male fl. : Anthers 10, 2-celled ; lobes parallel, in a ring on the end of a
slender column, shorter than the calyx. Female fl. . . . — Stercnlia httrro-
phylla, Beauv. Fl. Owar. t. 40. Courtenia heterophylla, R. Br. PI. Jav. liar.
230. C. triloba, R. Br. 1. c.

XTpper Guinea. Stwt^sivohm, Heudeloi ! J^\^er, Barter !

There is little or no doubt that R. Brown's Courtenia triloba belongs to this sppcic!*, the
main difference being in the shorter peduncles of the latter plant, a character of little im-
portance.

8. C. Afzelii, Mast. A small tree, 30 feet high ; the younger branches,
petioles, and nerves of the leaves covered with bristly hairs. Ix'afstalks 2-4
in. long. Leaves 4-5 in. long, cordate, roundish, palmately 5-7-lobed ;
lobes narrowed at the base, obovate, acuminate, sinuous or entire. Flowers
crowded, in short terminal clusters ; pedicels | in. long, covered with reddish
down-. Calyx funnel-shaped, leathery, downy outside, purplish within ; limb
4- or 5-cleft ; lobes ovate, acute, spreading. Male fl. : Slaminal column
cylindrical, smooth, shorter than the calyx, surmounted by a ring of t^n 2-

224 XXVI. STERCULIACEiE (MASTERS). [Cola.

lobed anthers ; lobes parallel, often surrounding an imperfect ovary. Fe-
male fl. : Ovary oblong, downy, 10-celled (?), surmounted by 10 reflexed
styles. Follicles thick, 2 in. long, numerous. Seeds with a fibrous testa.
Cotyledons 2.— Conrtema Jfzelii, E. Br. PI. Jav. Ear. 236. StercuUa ca-
ricafolia, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 517.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Niger, Barter !

Iiower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

The only female flower (from a living plant at Kew) I have been able to examine was not
in a state to enable me to ascertain with certainty the number of cells in the ovary, though
the number of styles was evidently 10.

9. C. quinqueloba. Garde in Pet. Mossamb. Bot. i. 130. A tree, 70 ft.
in height, with a yellow bark {Kirk). Petioles 8-10 in. long, canaliculate.
Leaves roundish, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 8-9 in. long, cordate, palmately
3-7-lobed ; lobes rounded or acuminate, entire or undulate. Inflorescence
terminal, much branched, paniculate. Flowers small, villose. Calyx 5-fid.
Carpels 3-5, on a short stalk, oblong, acute, curved, coriaceous or woody,
more or less coherent, covered with dense rust-coloured tomentum, 1-celled,
downy in the interior. Ovules or young seeds numerous, attached to the
inner angle of each carpel.

I Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Br. Kirk ! Mozambique, Macanga, Peters.

Dr. Kirk's specimens have only leaves and immature fruit ; there is, however, little
doubt as to their identity with Garcke's plant.

10. C. argentea, Mad. A sm.all tree, 15 ft. high {Mann). Leafstalks
12-18 in. long, terete, more or less covered with rust-coloured stellate to-
mentum. Stipules linear-lanceolate, persistent. Leaves digitate, of 5-9
sessile, oblong, acuminate leaflets, as long as or longer than the common peti-
ole, 5-6 in. across, entire or irregularly pinnately lobed ; outermost lateral
leaflets inequilateral, all smooth above, silvery-white beneath, with prominent
reticulated nerves, covered with reddish-brown villi. Flowers numerous,
produced from the old wood. Pedicels very short, 2-3-bracteolate. Calyx ^
in. long, campanulate, leathery, downy on the outside, crimson within and
marked with small tubercles and striae ; limb 5-cleft ; segments ovate, acute.
Male fl. : Staminal column slender, cylindrical, scarcely so long as the calyx,
terminated by a ring of 10 anthers, each with 2 parallel lobes, and conceal-
ing the rudiments of a 3-carpellai'y pistil. Female fl. : Anthers subsessile
round the base of a 3-lobed, 3-celled, downy ovary, surmounted by 3 large,
reflexed, red, fleshy stigmas. Ovules numerous. Fruit. . . .

Upper Guinea. Lat. 1° N., Mann I

This is remarkable for the beauty of its foliage as well as for its 3-carpellary ovary. It
would be desirable to introduce this as an ornamental stove-plant.

11. C. digitata, Mast. A small tree, 12-15 ft. high {Mann), with
stout cylindrical branches. Leafstalks spreading more or less horizontally,
12-18 in. long, cylindrical; blades digitate with 7-9 leaflets each, as long as
or longer than the' common stnlk, subcoriaceous, glabrous, elliptical, acuminate,
tapering at the base and slightly decurrent along the sides of a secondary
stalk, 2-3 in. in length, entire or irregularly pinnately cleft, especially the

Cola.'] XXVI. sTERCuLiACE.i: (masteks). 225

central leaflet ; lobes acuminate. Flowers in short dense cl\istcr«, emcrjjin"'
from the branch a little above the axil of a leaf. Pedicels \ in. lon^%
covered with close reddish down. Flower-buds f^lobose or somewhat tetra-
gonal. Calyx campanulate, coriaceous, of 5 roundish, valvate lobes, striate in
the interior. Male fl. . . . Hermaphrodite fl. : Anthers numerous, each with
2 linear parallel lobes, irregular in size and disposed in a ring around the
base of 5 short, downy, 1-celled carpels, each surmounted by a large, fleshy,
rounded stigma. Fruiting pedicels thickened, 1 in. in length. Ripe carpels
2 by abortion, 2-3 in. long, oblong-acuminate, ventricose, tapering at the
base into a stalk scarcely shorter than itself, sj)litting widely along the pla-
cental or ventral suture so as ultimately to be nearly flat, and thus expose
the brilliant crimson inner surface. Seeds 4-6 in each carpel, oblong, ob-
tuse, somewhat compressed, | in. long ; testa black, shining, parchment-like
(when dry). Albumen 0. Cotyledons 2, thick, flat, brownish ; radicle
directed towards the hilum.

Upper Guinea. Prince's Island, Barter ! Mann ! "West Africa, Captain Babivglon !

The splendid foliage and brilliant crimson of the expanded fruit render this a very desirable
plant for introduction. In the early dehiscence of the fruit it resembles the species of the
section Firmiana, but the present plant has thick, coriaceous, almost woody follicles.

4. HERITIEKA, Drvand. (v. Aiton ?) ; Benth. et Hook. f.
Gen. PI. i. 219.

Flowers unisexual. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Petals 0. Column
slender, bearing 5 anthers in a ring, just below the apex of the column.
Anther-cells parallel. Ovary 5-celled. Style short. Stigmas 5, thick.
Kipe carpels woody, indehiscent, with a prominent keel along the back.
Seed exalbuminous. Cotyledons very thick ; radicle next the hilum. — A
tree, with leathery entire leaves, shining on the under surface ; venation
penninerved. Flowers small in axillary panicles.

There are but two species of this genus, both widely distributed along the coasts of tro-
pical Asia and Australia. Oue species alone has yet been found in Africa.

1. H. littoralis. Dry and. iyi Horius Kewensis, ed. 1. iii. 540. A mode-
rate-sized tree. Leaves with caducous lanceolate stipul-s. Petioles 1-1}
in. long, covered with flat scales. Leaves 3-5 in. long, 2-3 in. wide, sul)-
cordate, oblong, acute, coriaceous, silvery-white on the under surface and with
a few flat scales. Male flowers small, in axillary much-branched clusters,
shorter than the leaves. Calyx urceolate, downy, divided above into 5
shallow oblong teeth. Column short. Anthers 5. Female flowers larger
than the males. Calyx bell-shaped Follicles 1 to 4, from 1 in. and upwards
in length, woody, oblong, keeled, 1-seeded.

Mozamb. Distr. Mouths of the Zambesi, Br. Kirk ! Tette, Dr. Kirk !

Not previously recorded from the African coast, but widely diffused along ihe seacoasts of
tropical Asia, the islands of the Pacific, etc.

5. KLEINHOVIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. i. 2iy.
Bractlets small. Sepals 5, deciduous. Petals unequal ; the upper ones

VOL. I. I

226 XXVI. sterculiacetE (mastersV \_Klei?ihovia.

with a long stalk ; margins involute at the base. Column elongate, adherent
to the gynophore, expanding above into a bell-shaped cup, which is divided
into 5 subdivisions, each bearing 8 anthers ; anther-cells divergent. Ovary
stalked, concealed within the cup of the anthers, 5-lol)ed, 5-celled, with 3-4
ovules in each cell. Style slender. Capsule pyriform, membranous, dis-
tended, 5-lobed, loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, globose,
tubercled, exalbuminous. Cotyledons spirally twisted ; radicle next the
hilum. — A tree with entire leaves and rosy flowers, in loose panicles.

*1. K. Hospita, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 488. A tree. Petioles about 1 in.
long. Leaves cordate, ovate, subacurainate, entire, palmately 3-5-ribbed,
smooth, 2-4 in. long, 2-3 in. wide. Flowers purplish, numerous, arranged in
much-branched, spreading cymes ; pedicels downy, jointed. Calyx 5-parted ;
segments revolute. Petals 5, tubular, unequal in size. Column curved,
dilated above into a campanulate cup, which divides into 5 phalanges of 3
stamens each without any interuiediate staminode. Fruit pyriform, bladdery,
5-lobed, 5 -winged. Seeds 2 or 3 in each cell, roundish, tuberculate.

Mohilla idles. Dr. Kirk ! not hitherto found on the mainland, bat as it would seem pro-
bable that it may be met with it is here inserted.
A common Indian tree.

6. DOMBEYA, Oav. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 221.

Bractlets 3, unilateral, caducous. Calyx 5-parted, ultimately reflexed.
Petals 5, oblique, imbricate, flat, dry, marcescent. Filaments combined
below into a shallow cup, divided above into 5 starainodes and 10-15 per-
fect stamens, alternating with the barren ones. Anther-cells extrorse,
parallel. Ovary sessile, 2-5-celled. Ovules 2-3 in each cell. Style filiform.
Stigmas 5. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds ascending, 1-2 in each cell of the
fruit, albuminous. Cotyledons 2-parted ; radicle directed towards the hilum.
— Shrubs, with cordate palminerved leaves. Flowers numerous, arranged in
much-branched, axillary or terminal cymes, often remaining on the branches
after the leaves have fallen. — Xeropttalunij Delile, Voy. Meroe, 84. Aslrapcea,
Lindl. CoU: Bot. 14.

The species of this genus are almost exclusively African.

Flowers produced on leafless stems {Xeropetalum) 1. 2). muliiflora.

Flowers produced with the leaves.

Stameus united at or close to the base only.

Peduncles slender, villose, shorter than the adjoining leaves. Se-
pals oblong-lanceoiate.

Leaves orbicular or oblong, acute 2. D. specfabilis.

Leaves ovate-acuminate, obscurely 3-lobed ^. D. Kirkii.

Peduncles glabrous, longer than the adjacent leaves. Sepals ovate,

acute 4. Z). reticulata.

Stamens coherent at the base for nearly half their length so as to
conceal the ovary.
Leaves palmately lobed, mfously downy. Flowers very large . . • 5. i). Burgessia.
Leaves cordate, scarcely lobed.

Sepals rarely half the length of the corolla.

Leaves downy and villose. . . .... 6. D. Mastersii.

Bomheya.'] xxvi. STERcuLiACEyE (masters). 227

Sepals nearly equalling the corolla.

ludorescence shorter than the petiole. Peduncles villose . 7. 7). Schimperiana.
luHorescence as long as or longer tlian the petiole. Pe-
duncles glabrous 8. JD. Bruceana.

1. D. multiflora, Planch, in FL des Si-rres, t. 6, 225. tab. (105. A shnib,
witli ojlabious or downy branches. Petioles 1-2 in. long. Leaves 1-2 in. lonj;,
cordate-roundish or oblono^, irregularly toothed, palmately 5-7-ncrvcd,
stellate-pilose on both surfaces, downy when young, nearly glabrous when
old. Inflorescence appearing before the leaves from the axils of tin; faJh n
leaves ; cymes stalked ; ])ediccls numerous, as long as tlie petioles, liracts
small, linear, caducous. Sepals lanceolate, downy or sometimes quite gla-
brous. Petals exceeding the sepals, obli([ue, cuneate, erose. Slanu-iis shortly
monadelphous. Ovary roundish, villose, Style divided nearly to the base
into 5 divisions. — Xnopttalum muUiJiorum, Endl. Stirp. Nov. n. 43, ex
Walp. Kep. i. 349. X minus, Endl. 1. c. n. 44. homheyn Heneijalomia^
Planch, in Fl. des Serres 1. c. ? Xeropetaluni quinquesetum, Dclile, Voy.
Meroe, 85.

Upper Guinea. Senegainbia, Head el ot !

Nile Land. Scnnar, Kotschy ! Madi, Speke and Grant I White Nile, Pelherick !

Mozamb. Distr. Manganya hills, Br. Metier !

There are so many gradations between the forms above enumerated that it seems best to
unite them. X. yninns has smaller tlowers and partially pilose calyx. D. seuecjatensis has
slightly larger flowers than the preceding, and the calyx is covered with appressed hairs.
The typical D. midtijlora has the largest tlowers of all, and entirely glabrous calyces. The
amount of pubescence depends much on age, and is of no value as fiu-uishiug specific
characters.

2. D. spectabilis, Bojer in Ann. Sc. Nat. So: 2. 18. 190. A small
tree. Petioles downy, 3-4 in. long. Leaves cordate, orbicular or oblong,
acute, undulate, palmately 5 -9 -nerved, rough on the upper surface, covered
with rusty or sometimes whitish pubescence on the lower surface. Cymes
axillary and terminal, much branched, many-Howered. Bracts minute, linear,
deciduous. Flowers | in. across. Sepals lanceolate, shorter than the corolla.
Petals white, roundish, inaequilateral. Stamens united at the base only.
Ovary roundish, viUose.

Mozamb. Distr. Zanzibar, Burton ! Manganya hills, Lr. Metier !
The African specimens do not materially differ from those from Madagascar, which were
the first described.

3. D. Kirkii, Mast. A shrub or small tree ; the younger shoots, pe,
tioles, leaves, and calyces covered with dense stelliform tomcntum. IVtiole*
2-3 in. long. Leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, often more or less 3-lol)cd.
Lobes acute or acuminate, coarsely and irregularly crenate-serrate. IVduiu'les
axdlary and terminal, longer than the leafbtalks ; pedicels slender, 1-2 in.
long with spreading villi. Braetlets 3 linear-oblong, obtuse, shorter than
the calyx, caducous. Flower-buds subglobose. Flowers less than } in. in
diam., 'white. Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Petals Gbli(|uely cuneate, retuse,
double the length of the calyx. Filaments free nearly to the base. Ovary
downy. Stigmas 2-5 included.

Mozamb. Distr. Lat. 16" S., Br. Metier! Lupatn, Dr. Kirk

228 XXVI. sTEKCULiACEvE (masteks). [Domheya.

The specimens differ from B. viburnifora, Bojer, a native of Comoro, Madagascar, etc.,
in their smaller leaves and flowers, looser inflorescence, and shorter broader petals. Possibly
it may be merely a form of that species.

4. D, reticulata. Mast. A shrub, the herbaceous portions subglabrous.
Leafstalks 1-4 in. long, shorter than the leaves, which latter are 2-8 in.
long, 2-6 in. wide, cordate-ovate, acute or obscurely lobed, rough with short
stelkte tomentura on both surfaces, palmately 5-7-nerved ; veins very pro-
minent on the lower surface. Peduncles longer than the adjacent leaves,
smooth, dividing at the summit in 2-3- or 4-furcate cymes; ultimate pedicels
shorter than the flowers, covered, like the calyx, with stellate toraentum.
Bractlets linear. Plower-buds roundish or ovate acute, downy. Flowers
i in. across. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, half the length of the corolla. Petals
broad. Stamens united near the base.

Nile Land, ^eke and Grant !

The prominent nerves render this species easy of discrimination.

5. D. Burgessise, Gerr,; Harv. ei Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 590. A much-
branched shrub, densely covered in all its herbaceous portions with soft
ferruginous or pale velvety hairs. Petioles 3-4 in. long, shorter than the
blades. Leaves roundish or angular, deeply cordate, palmately 5-7-lobed ;
lobes ovate, acuminate, irregularly toothed. Stipules lanceolate. Cymes
much branched, many-flowered, axillary and terminal, erect, larger than the
adjacent leaves. Bracts 3, ovate-lanceolate, half the length of the sepals.
Flower 1|- in. across ; sepals lanceolate, smooth, scarcely so long as the white,
obovate, oblique petals. Stamens united near the base. Capsule ovoid, ob-
tuse, densely villose. — Bot. Mag. 5487.

Mozamb. Distr. Lat. 14-19° S., Dr. Kirk! Manganya hills, Br. Meller !
This handsome species, originally found in Natal, varies in the amount of its pubescence ;
the flowers are white, pencilled with rose.

6. D. Mastersii, Hooh. Bot. Mag. t. 5639. A small tree, the herba-
ceous portions tomentose and with weak spreading villi. Petioles 1-3 in.
long. Leaves cordate-ovate, acute or acuminate, sometimes obscurely lobed,
palmately 5 -9 -nerved. Peduncles axillary and terminal, about the length of
the petioles, bearing a many-flowered umbel ; pedicels slender, shorter than
tbe peduncles. Bracts linear-oblong, caducous, nearly as long as the calyx.
Flower-buds ovoid, acute. Sepals lanceolate, \ in. long, shorter than the
broad, oblique, obovate-cuneate, whitish petals. Stamens united at the base
for rather less than half their length. Style pilose at the base, longer than
the stamens. Stigmas included. Ovary very downy.

Upper Guinea. Abbeokuta, Irving !

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Roth! Chopeh, Grant!

This plant was erroneously described in the 'Gardeners' Chronicle,' 1867, 14, as B. an-
gulata, Cav. It is much more like B. tomentosa, Cav. Diss. iii. t. 39, a species from Mada-
gascar, of which, however, there are no authentic specimens at Kew. . Cavanilles' figure
represents a form with smaller flowers than the present, and with a central, solitary, pedicel-
late flower in the fork of the diverging peduncles, an arrangement not found in any specimen
of the genus yet examined by me.

Dombeya.'] xxvi. sterculiace^ (masters). :>29

7. D. Schimperiana, Rich. Fl. Ahyns. i. 7S. A tall tree. Loaf:.talks
3-5 in. long, covered with rufous spreading: villi, as are also the disk and
the prominent nerves of the leaf; blades 4-6 in. long, 3-4 in. wide, cordate,
oblong, acuminate, dentate, pahnately 5-9-nerved, downy on both surfaces.
Stipules lanceolate, acuminate. Peduncles terminal and axillary, 1-2 in.
long, much shorter than the petioles ; pedicels numerous, umbellalfi, nearly
as long as the peduncles. Bracts oval or oblong, acute, caducous. Flower-
buds oblong-ovoid. Flowers large. Sepals lanceolate, retlexed. Petals
longer than the sepals, broadly obovate, obli(jue, tapering at the base. Sta-
mens united at the base for less than half their length, fetyle hairy at
the base ; stigmas included. — Xtropetalum hirsuium, llochst. PI. Schirap.
Abyss.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

A handsome species with large leaves, the disk of which at the junction with the pt-tiole
is marked with a patch of rufous hairs.

8. D. Bniceanay Rich. FL Abyss, i. 77. A tree with glabrous shoots.
Petioles 1-3 in. long, glabrous, shorter than the leaves, which are cordate,
oblong, acuminate, dentate, palmately 5-7-nerved, scabrous above, stellate-
tomentose below, 2-4 in. long, 2-3 in. wide. Stipules lanceolate, catlu-
cous. Peduncles axillary and terminal, downy, as long as the petioles, simple
or 2-fid, bearing a number of slender umbellate pedicels half the length of
the peduncles. Bracts 3, ovate-lanceolate, caducous. Sepals downy, lanceo-
late, nearly as long as the broad oblique petals. Stamens united for rather
less than half their length. Style hairy ; stigmas 5, revolute, often exserted.
Capsule oblong, depressed, villose, loculicidally 3-valved ; valves obtuse. —
*'JFalkuffa,'' Bmce, Voy. tab. 20. Xeropeialum Brucei^ Hochst. in PI. Schimp.
Abyss.

Nile Land. ' K.h^?,9,\ma.^ Schimper !

7. MELHANIA, Forst. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 222.

Bractlets of epicalyx 3, persistent, unilateral. Sepals 5. Petals 5, con-
volute, marcescent. Fertile stamens 5, alternating with an equal number of
staminodes, all combined below into a shallow cup. Anthers extrorse, cells
parallel ; connective thick. Ovary sessile, 5-celled ; cells with 1 or many
ovules. Style short, dividing above into 5 liguliforra stigmatic branches.
Capsule loculicidal. Seeds albuminous. Cotyledons folded, 2-j)arted ;
radicle inferior. — Herbs or undershrubs covered more or less densely with
stelliform tomentura. Leaves ovate or roundish. Peduncles simple or
cymose, remote or crowded at the ends of the branches. Bractlets broad or
narrow, so arranged that the odd one is farthest from the axis, the two lateral
ones having usually the edges that are next the axis turned outwards.
Flowers yellow. Petals rarely unfolding and only for a short time.

The species of the genus are distributed in the wanner parts of Africa, Asia, and Aus-
tralia. The African species have most in commou with the Indian ones.
Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell of the capsule. Bracts reuiform .... 1. M. bract fota.
Seeds more than 2 in each ctU of the capsule. Bracts not reuiform.

230 XXVI. STERCULIACE^ (MASTERS). [MeUiania.

Leaves roundish.

Pedicels 1-flowered, not much longer than the petiole .... 2. TV/. cychphi/Jla.
Pedicels 2-3-flowered, nearly double the length of the petiole . 3. M. rotundata.
Leaves obloog.

Bracts abruptly acuminate.

Peduncle half as long as the adjacent leaf. Sepals villose . . A. M.ferruginea.

Peduncle nearly as long as the leaf. Sepals not villose . . . 5. J/, acuminata.
Bracts tapering, acute.

Bracts broad &. M. Forbesii.

Bracts linear 7. 3/. ovata.

1. M. Denhamiy R. Br. in Benh. et Clapp. Voy. Jpp^ 233. Stock woody,
dividing into a large number of crowded, spreading, downy, somewhat com-
pressed branches. Leafstalks 1 in. long, about the length of the leaves,
which are ovate- oblong obtuse or acute, crenate-serrate, velvety on both sur-
faces. Peduncle longer than the leaf to which it is axillary, dividing above
into 2, rarely 3 short pedicels. Epicalyx of 3 broad, reniform, accrescent,
ultimately membranous bracts, concealing the calyx, whose sepals are ovate,
acute. Corolla red. Capsule about the size of the calyx, subglobose, villose,
5-celled, with 1 or 2 smooth seeds in each cell. — Brotera bracteosa, Guill. et
Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 80. t. 17. Melhania Kotschyi, Hochst. PL Nub. Kotschy.
Cardiostegia Kotschyi, Presl, Epimel. Bot. 249.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Ferrottetl

Nile Iiand. Kordofan, Kotschy !

Mozamb. Distr. Senna, Peters.

A singular species having much the appearance of Senra incana. The same species occurs
in Arabia, Scinde, etc. It varies in the size of its parts and also in the number of seeds in
each cell of the capsule.

2. M. cyclophylla, Hochst. PI. ScJiimp. Abyss. Stock thick, woody,
dividing above into a number of subcaespitose erect or spreading branches,
sparsely covered with stelliform tomentum. Stipules setaceous, brown, de-
ciduous. Leafstalks 1 in. long, rather shorter than the roundish crenate-
dentate leaves, which are palmately 3-5-costate and slightly downy on both
surfaces. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, as long as the adjacent
leafstalks. Epicalyx of 3 lanceolate bracts, shorter than the lanceolate, acu-
minate sepals. Corolla when expanded an inch across. Capsule villose,
shorter than the calyx. Seeds smooth.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

3. M. rotundata, Hochst. PI. Schhnp. Abyss. Suff'ruticose, erect, the
older portions sparingly covered with stelliform pubescence, the younger parts
more densely so. Branches somewhat compressed above. Leafstalks
flattish, 1-2 in. long, as long as or longer than the blades, which are cordate,
roundish or ovate, coarsely crenate-dentate, palmately 3-5-costate, tomentose
on both surfaces. Peduncles longer than the leafstalks, solitary, axillary,
dividing near the top into a 3-furcate cyme. Epicalyx of 3 lanceolate, very
acute, often reflexed segments, f in. long, as long as the sepals, which are
erect, lanceolate, with very long points, unicostate. Capsule cylindrical,
oblong, villose, shorter than the calyx. Seeds tuberculate.

Melhania.] xxvi. STERCULrACK.E (masters). 231

Nile I«and. Abyssinia, Schimper !

4. M. ferruginea. Rich. Fl. . Ahyaa. i. 70. An (Tort, nmoli-
branched uiidershrub, 2-3 ft. in heij-ht, covered in all parts with a more or
less dense covering of grey down and stellifonn hair. Stipules setaceous,
persistent, \-\ in. long. Leafstalks 1-1 i in. long, shorter than the blades]
which are subcordate oval-oblong, obtuse or slightly acute, serrate, velvety
on both surfaces, pal mately 3-5 -costate; nerves covered below with rufous
tomentum. Peduncles longer than the leafstalks, solitary, axillary, clustered
at the ends of the branches, simple or di-trichotomous. Epicalyx one-sided,
of 3 broadly ovate, acumijiate segments, rather shorter than the calyx.
Sepals 5, lanceolate, acuminate, erect, -} in. long. Petals convolute. Fruit
ovoid, pointed, villose, 5-celled, shorter than the calyx. Seeds 10 in each
cell, subquadrate, cnneate, tuberculate.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Madi, Speke and Grant I

5. M. acuminata. Mad. Suffruticose, erect, 2-3 ft. in height,
branched, covered in the herbaceous portions with greyish stellilorm to-
mentum. Petiole |- I in. long. Stipules linear-subulate, persistent, scarcely
shorter than the petioles. Leaves oblong acute or oval, serrate, palmatelv 2-
3-costate, 2-4 in. long, two or three times longer than the stalks. Peduncles
solitary, axillary, nearly as long as or longer than the adjacent leaves, remote or
crowded at the ends of the branches, bearing near the summit a trichotomous
cyme. Pedicels short. Epicalyx of 3 cordate, abruptly acuminate bracts
shorter than the calyx, acumen very long. Flowers of moderate size. Sepals
lanceolate, exceeding the ovoid, pointed, villose capsule. Seeds rugose.

Mozamb. Distr. Senna, Dr. Kirk!

6. M. Forbesiiy Planch, mss. in Herb. Kew. Stem suffruticose, erect,
2 ft. high, slightly branched, smooth below, thickly covered with ferruginous
down on all the herbaceous portions. Petioles about an inch long, dowuy.
Stipules setaceous, nearly as long as the petioles; blades- 3-4 in. long. 2 in,
broad, oblong, obtuse, serrate, palmately 3-costate ; nerves covered with rust-
coloured down especially on the lower surface. Peduncles axillary, lower
ones remote, 2-3 in. long, dividing above into 3 branches, u|)per ones shorter,
crowded at the end of the branches. Epicalyx of 3 broadly ovate, acute,
scarcely acuminate segments, as long as the downy lanceolate sepals. Petals
deep yellow, convolute. Capsule oblong, obtuse, villose, shorter than the
calyx. Seeds rugose or subgiabrous.

Mozamb. Distr. Shupanga, Ih'. Kirk ! Mozambique, ITutton !
The same species occurs in Madagascar, Natal, etc. It vtivmhV'^ M . fr-rruginea in habit,
but has longer, more branched peduncles, less acuminated bracts, and smoother seed*.

7. M. abyssinica. Rich. Fl. Myss. i. 76. /. IB. Stock woody, tor-
tuous, dividing above into a number of crowded, subciespitose. erect branches,
the latter covered with greyish down. Leafstalks less than an inch long,
shorter than the subcordate, oval, obtuse, crenate-dentate leaves, which are
unicostate, downy on both surfaces, paler beneath. Stipules linear, hair-likc.

232 " xxvr. sterculiace^ (masters). [Melhania.

Peduncles axillary, equal to or exceedino^ the petioles, simple or bifurcate.
, Buds oblong, cylindrical. Flowers when expanded f in. across. Epicalyx
1 -sided, of 3 linear-subulate bracts, as long or nearly so as the ovate-lanceo-
late, downy sepals. Petals yellow, convolute. Capsule roundish or slightly
pointed, villose, as long as the ripe fruit. Seeds punctate, tuberculate. —
Brotera ovata, Cav. Ic. v. 20. t. 433. B. Leprieurii, Guill. et Perr. PI.
Seneg. i. 85. M. oblongata, Hochst. PI. Schimp. Abyss. M. Leprieurii^
Webb, Fl. Nigrit. 110. t. 4, 5.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Dillon and Petit ! Roth !

The same species occurs at the Cape de Verde Islands, also in Scinde. I have here com-
bined two or three reputed species, being unable to find any constant or material differences
between them.

8. HERMANNIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 233.

Cajyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, obovate or oblong, marcescent or deciduous.
Stamens 5, opposite to the petals, connate at the base. Starainodes 0.
Filaments oblong or dilated towards the summit. Anther-cells parallel.
Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, 5-celled. Ovules many in each cell. Styles
5, more or less united. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved ; apex often with
horny appendages. Seeds reniform, albuminous ; embryo curved ; radicle
next the hilum. — Herbs or undershrubs generally more or less covered with
stellate tomentura. Leaves dentate or cut. Stipules foliaceous or 0. Pe-
duncles axillary or in terminal clusters, 1-flowered. Flowers yellow or red.

An extensive genus, the majority of the species being natives of the Cape of Good Hope ;
a very few are fwmd in Mexico and Texas.
Leaves linear, obtuse.

Stem annual \. H. modesta.

Stem woody 2. H.Jilijjes.

Leaves oblong, acute.

Capsule obtuse, sessile or shortly stipitate. Stipules as long as or

longer than the petiole 'i. H. tigrensis.

Capsule tapering at the base into a stalk, shorter than the petiole.

Stipules narrow 4. JT. Kirkii.

1. H. modesta, Blanch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. iii. 292. A low-grow-
ing slender annual, covered with glandular hairs. Leaves subsessile, linear-
oblong, entire, 1-1^ in. long, covered with a few stellate hairs. Stipules
subulate. Peduncles solitary, axillary, filiform, scarcely so long as the leaf;
flowers nodding, about ^ m. long. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-cleft; lobes lanceo-
late, acuminate, glabrous. Filaments dilated above ; anthers linear. Styles
5, shorter than the stamens. Capsule . . . — Trichanthera modesta, Schreb.
in Linnsea, iv. 401.

Nile Land. Nubia, Kotschy ! Soturba, Schweinfurtk !

The same species also occurs in Arabia, whence the first specimens were derived, and were
referred to a distinct genus, which h nvever, Planchon properly includes under Hermannia.

2. H, filipes, Harv. in Harv. et Sand. Fl. Cap. i. 206. Stem woody,
erect, 1-3 ft. high, much branched. Branches ascending, slender, covered
with a few, scattered, simple or glandular-viscid hairs. Leaves scarcely 1 in.

Ilermannia.] xxvi. stercultace.e (masteiis). 233

lono:, on very short stalks, liiiear-obloiiir, obtuse, dentate, rovolute at their
maririns, covered with stelhite hairs. Stlpuh-s subulate. Peduncles filiform,
solitary, axiUary, l-fiowered, as lone? as or lonc^er tlian tiie adjacent leaves^
jointed near the top and remaiiiini^ after the flower, sometimes even after llie
tloral leaf has fallen. Calyx bell-sliaped, S-lobed- lobes triangular acuniiniite,
nervation proinineut. Petals pink. Filaments petaloid, oblong, as long as the
pointed 2-tid anther. Capsule oblong, truncate, longer than the persistent
calyx, loeulicidally 5-valved ; valves oblong, truncate, hispid at tbe margins
and provided with two short horns at the upper angles.

IiOTver Guinea. Benpuela, Br. Ciirror !

Occurs also in Natal. Plauchon recoiruized the Bcnguclan plant as a distinct spcciet,
and affixed to it, in the Hookerian herbarium, the same name that Harvey subsequently
published. Dr. Harvey's plant is described as haviu'^' entire leaves, but in the Ben^jnebia
specimen most of the leaves are dentate, while others ap|)ear to be entire from the margin beinj?
revolute. As the agreement in all other points appears to be so close, I have not he*it«ted
to consider the Zooloo and the Beuguelau plants as belonging to the same species ia spite of
the widely ditfcrent localities.

3. H. tigrensis, Ilochst. in Rich. Fl. Ahyns. i. 74. /. 17. An annual,
with an erect branching stem, about 1 ft. in height. Branches ascending
slender, clothed wath stellate hairs. Leaves subsessile, elliptic-oblong,
acute, 1-1 1 in. long, serrate, w^ith simple hairs above, stellate ones on
the lower surface. Stipules persistent, falcate, lanceolate, pilose, twice the
length of the petioles. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, spreading,
generally longer than the leaves, slender, pilose near the top. Filaments
petaloid, obovate ; anthers 2-fid. Capsule obovoid, somewhat S-lobed, 5-
valved ; valves with two horns at the upper angles. Seeds reniform, trans-
versely furrowed.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Mozamb. Distr. Quillimane, Peters.

The capsule in this species is very shortly pedicellate or subsessile, and does not taper at
the base as in the nearly allied H. Kirkii. Its stipules, moreover, are larger and broader
than in that species.

4. H. Kirkiiy Mast. An annual, 1-2 ft. high, with erect, hispid, viscid,
branches. Leaves stalked ; lower petioles nearly 1 in. in length, much exceed-
ing the linear-subulate stipules ; upper leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanceo-
late, dentate. Leaves stellately pilose, 1-2 in. long, if in. wide. Pedun-
cles solitary, axillary, 1-flowered ; lower ones shorter, upper ones longer
than the leaves, jointed at the top and persistent, covered with n few pilose
hairs. Calyx bell-shaped ; lobes acuminate, points ultimately reflexeil.
Corolla pink. Filaments dilated, obovate. Ovary club-sha|)ed, 5-lobe(I,
simply pilose, pedicellate, gradually tapering at the base into a distinct stalk ;
valves truncate, pilose,' 2-horned.

South Central, Baines!

Mozamb. Distr. Senna, Tette, Lupata, Zambesi, Br. Kirk ! Mozambique, Prtrrt.
Nearly allied to //. tigrensis, Ilochst., but dittering in the longer petioles to the lower
leaves, much smaller stipules, and longer stipes to the fruit.

234 XXVI. STERCULIACEiE (MASTERS).

9. MAHERNIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 223.

Caly\ 5-cleft. Petals 5, obovate or oblong, marcescent or deciduous.
Stammis 5, oppositei to the petals ; staminodia 0 ; filaments dilated towards
the middle or slender all the way up. Anther-lobes parallel. Ovary sessile
or stalked, 5 -celled. Ovules many in each cell. Styles 5, united at the
base. Capsule oblong, loculicidally 5-valved ; valves awnless. Seeds reni-
form. Embryo curved. — Herbs or perennials, having almost exactly the
habit of Hermannia, but differing from that gen\is in the inflorescence being
terminal or extra-axillary, while the filaments are dilated in the middle or not
at all.

Peduncles few-flowered, opposite the leaves 1. M. abyssinica.

Peduncles in a many-flowered terminal cyme 2. M. exajjpendiculata.

1. M. abyssinica. Hoc list. ; Harv. et Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 216. A low-
growing much branched perennial. Branches filiform, 10-12 in. long,
thinly stellate-pubescent. Leaves on short stalks, oblong, obtuse, coarsely
toothed. Stipules lanceolate, entire or pinnately lobed. Peduncles shorter
than the leaves and opposite to them, dividing at the upper part into
two pedicels; bracts entire, oblong-lanceolate, connate below. Calyx bell-
shaped, deeply 5-cleft, with hairy ovate acute lobes, shorter than the petals.
Capsule oblong, stellate-pubescent, twice the length of the persistent calyx.
Hermannia Quartiniana, Eich. FL Abyss, i. 73.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Petit I

The same species occurs in South Africa, the specimens from which region have, however,
usually stellate, not simple hairs, on the calyx.

2. M. exappendicnlata, Mast. Perennial, 2-3 ft. high. Branches
slender, woody, erecto-patent, purplish, thinly stellate-tomentose. Stipules
foliaceous, broad, ovate-lanceolate, ^ in. long, nearly as long as the petiole.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, cordate, coarsely duplicate-serrate, slightly to-
mentose above, densely covered with greyish tornentum below, 1-3 in. long,
^-1 in. wide. Flowers numerous, in loose, erect, terminal, much-branched
cymes, 5-6 in. long. Pedicels clothed with glandular hairs. Calyx cam-
panulate ; limb deeply divided into 5 lanceolate acuminate segments, as long
as the oblong stalked petals, ultimately deflexed. Filaments linear, uniform,
scarcely dilated ; anthers extrorse, as long as or longer than the filaments, 2-
fid at the apex ; edges of the loculi ciliolate. Ovary oblong, obtuse, pilose.
Styles 5. Capsule oblong, obtuse, f in. long, longer than the persistent
caiyx. Seed subreniforra or club-shaped, blackish, minutely tuberculate.

Mozaxnb. Distr. Mombase, Bouton !
Remarkable for its flat exappendiculate filaments.

10. WALTHERIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 224.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spathulate, marcescent. Staitens 5, united by
their filaments into a tube ; anthers 2-celled, cells parallel. Ovary sessile,
1 -celled. Style excentric ; stigma club-shaped. Capsule 2-valved, 1-seeded.

WaWteria.] xxvi. sterculiace.k (masters). 235

Seed ascending, albuminous ; embryo straij^ht. CotyhMlons flat, cordate ;
radicle next the hilum. — Herbs or nn(lerslirul)s, more or lr?s dctiscly co-
vered with stellate tomentum. Flowers small, in globose clusters or
scorpioidal spikes or branched cymes.

Tropical weeds, varying much in habit, aspect, and stature.
Leaves lanceolate. Petals shorter than the calyx. Bracts and sepals

toinentose ' 1.5. /anceo/ata.

Leaves ovate, oblong. Petals longer than the calyx. Hracts and se-

Pals villose ' o. S. amenrana.

1. W. lanceolata, R. Br. In Uerh. Mm. Brit. An nnderslirub, densely
covered with stellate tomentum. Leaves on very short stalks, lanceolate, cre-
iiate-serrate, palmately 3-costate, 1-2 in. \o\vr.' Stipules linear, as lon<c as
the petioles. Cymes axillary, sessile or stalked, scorpioid, shorter than the
leaves. Bracts lanceolate, nearly ecpial to the calyx, which is pyriform, peut-
ang-ular, 10-ribbed, 5-parted; segments ovate, pointed, densely downy, 3 4-
lines long. Corolla shorter than the calyx, of 5 oblong, spathulate, stalked
petals, confluent below with the staminal tube, which is shorter than the
petals, and bears above 5 2-lobed extrorse anthers, opi)ositc to the petals.
Ovary oblong, oblique, setose. Style 1, excentric ; stigma curved ; ovule
ascending. Seed coriaceous.

Upper Guinea. Senegainbia, Heudelot ! Gambia, Ingram ! Sierra Leone, Smith !

This differs from W. americana, not only in the form of the leaves, but in that of the
calyx, and in the different proportion it bears to the corolla. The present plant, moreover,
though dowuy and pilose, is not villose.

2. W. americana, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 492. A perennial plant or
undershrub, 1 or 2 ft. high, villose in every part. Leaves siiortly stalked,
cordate or blunt at the base, ovate-oblong, obtuse, toothed and plicately
veined, 1-3 in. long. Flowers small, yellow, in dense heads, almost sessile
in the axils of the leaves or the upper ones clustered into a ishort spike or
irregularly collected into dense, leafy or leafless cymes or corynd)s. Israels
narrow, villose. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate, acuuiinate,
densely villose. Petals longer than the calyx, oblong, tapering to a stalk. —
PF. eiliptica, Cav. Diss. vi. 171. /^. i^udicn, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 41)3.
IF. gui)ieensis, Schum. et Thonii. PI. Gnin. 21)5. //'. afrlcanti, Selium. et
Thonn. I.e. JF. paucijlora, Ilochst. PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Gencrallv distributed throughout tropical Africa.

A common tropical weed, widely distributed and highly variable.

11. MELOCHIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Cen. PI. i. 2:23.

Calyx 5-cleft, bell-shaped. Petals 5, oblong-sp.-ithnlate, mareesrent.
Stamens 5, opposite the petals, connate at the base ; anthers 2-celled ; relia
parallel. Ovary sessile or stalked, 5-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell. Styles 5,
free or connate at the base. Capsule loeulicidally 5-valved ; cells l-seeded.
Seed ascending. Embryo straight. — Herbs or shrubs, with downy leaves.

236 XXVI. STERCULIACE^ (masters). [Melochia.

Flowers smaller, in cyraose clusters or spikes, axillary or terminal. — Poly-
chlcena, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 488.

An extensive genus in the tropical districts of both hemispheres.

In addition to the two species meutioued below, it is likely that M. pyramidata occurs in
Africa, as it has been found in Madagascar and other islands off the east coast. It may be
known by its winged capsule.

Flowers in terminal clusters \. M. corchorifolia .

Flowers in axillary clusters 2. M. melissifolia.

1. M. corchorifolia, Linn. Sp. 944. An erect brandling herb or
undershrub, thinly beset with stelliform hairs. Leafstalks about 1 in. long.
Stipules subulate-lanceolate, shorter than the petioles. Leaves 1-3 in. long,
wedge-shaped at the base, oblong-lanceolate, acutely serrate, palmately 5-
costate, subglabrous above, thinly beset with villous hairs below. Mowers
numerous, in dense, terminal or axillary, stalked cymes ; pedicels very
short ; bracts numerous, subulate-la nceolnte, setose at the edges. Calyx bell-
shaped, 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate, acuminate, | in. long. Petals obovate,
stalked, white, longer than the sepals. Stamens coherent with the petals be-
low ; filaments free, flat, shorter than the petals to which they are opposite.
Ovary oblong. . Styles 5, distinct ; stigmas strap-shaped, villose. Capsule
subglobose, loculicidally 5-valved, longer than the persistent calyx. Seeds 1
in each cell, pendulous from the inner angle. — Riedleia corchorifolia, DC.
Prod. i. 491. PolycMayia rarnosa, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 488. P. simplex,
Don, 1. 0. Hibiscus Donii, Walp. Rep. i. 304. H. Endlicheri, Walp. 1. c.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Bidjem ! Niger, Barter ! St. Thomas, Bon !

Nile Land, Petherick !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Br. Kirk ! Quillimane, Peters.

A widely diffused tropical weed, occurring in India, Australia, Mauritius, etc.

2. M. melissifolia, Btnth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 127. Suffraticose,
villose. Leaves on rather long stalks, ovate, subcordate, crenate-serrate,
3-5-costate, hairy on both surfaces. Flowers small, in sessile axillary
clusters. Bracts * linear, hispid, longer than the flowers; peduncles very
short, 2-bracteolate. Calyx-teeth shallow. Petals obovate, exceeding the
calyx. Staminal tube deeply cleft. Capsule depressed, globular, 5-valved.
Seed grey, with blackish lines.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, EeudeJot ! Niger, Barter !

Thti specimens on which this species was founded were collected in British Guiana, but
they do not materially differ from the African forms.

12. SCAPHOPETALUM, Mast. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
PL i. 983.

Calyx of 5 valvate sepals, more or less coherent, sometimes forming a 2-
valved^ calyx. Petals 5, hooded, nervose-striate, without appendages or
laminae. Filaments combined into an angular, funnel-shaped, membranous
tube, bearing at the upper margin 5 roundish reflexed staminodes, alternate
with the petals; anthers in groups of 3 between the staminodes, more or less
concealed within the concavity of the petals, 2-lobed ; lobes divergent. Ovary

Scaphopetalum.'] xxvi. sterculiace.t. (masters). 237

sessile, 5-lobe(l, 5-celIe(l ; ovules numerous, attached to the; inner nnple of
ench cell. Styles connate. Stigma obsoletely S-lobcd. — Shrubs. Leaves
petiolate, oblon<^, unicostate. Flowers stalked, emerging from the trunk or
older branches. Corolla yellow.

Inflorescence very long. Calyx-segments 5, nearly free . . 1. S. longipedunculatum.
Inflorescence fascicled, short. Calyx 2-valved.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering towards the, base ... 2. S. Blackii.

Leaves oblong-acuminate, contracted above the base . . . 3. 6'. Mannii.

1. S. longipedunculatum. Mast, in Journ. Lbm. Soc. x. 28./. 2. A
shrub with tortuous branches. Petioles very short, about the same length
as the subulate, obscurely striated stipules. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minate, entire, smooth, 1-costate, coriaceous, glabrous, 4-6 in. long, 1-3 in.
wide. Peduncles from the old wood, very long, pendulous or (?) trailing,
bearing here and there minute root-like fibrils and terminating in a dichoto-
mous many-flowered cyme. Bracts subulate, minute. Pedicels about 1 in.
long. Flower-buds ovoid, acute. Sepals 5, distinct nearly to the base,
spreading, oblong-lanceolate, downy on the outside, carinate on the inner
surface near the base. Petals half the length of the sepals, erect, oblong,
obtuse, cucullate at the apex, nervose-striate. Staminal tube membranous,
bell-shaped, 5-angular, divided at the apex into 10 segments, 5 sterile, re-
flexed, rounded, alternating with 5 fertile lobes placed opposite the petals
and each bearing 3 2-celled anthers; lobes divergent. Ovary oblong, 5-
lobed, 5-celled. Ovules amphitropous, attached in a double line to the inner
angle of each carpel. Style simple. Stigma minute.

Upper Guinea. Mount John, Kongui river, Mann !

A very curious plant as regards its long inflorescence, with the abortive pedicels (rootleta?)
springing from it.

2. S. Blackii, Mast. I.e. 29. t. 3. Jig. 8-14. A shrub, 4 ft. high.
Petioles 3-4 lines long ; stipules subulate-lanceolate, nervose-striate, as long
as the petioles. Leaves 5-8 in. long, 2-4 in. wide, oblong, acuminate, gla-
brous. Peduncles scarcely longer than the petioles, fascicled from the axils
of the fallen leaves. Bracts minute. Calyx coriaceous, bursting irregularly
into 2 valves, glabrous externally, pilose within. Petals erect, concave,
hooded, externally striate, shorter than the sepals. Staminal tube as in the
preceding species. Ovary oblong-ovoid, obscurely 5-lobed, 5-celled. Style
included.

Upper Guinea. Mount Johu, Kongui river, Mann !

Differs from the preceding especially iu the iuUorescence and calyx.

3. S.'M.?inn\\j Mast. I.e. 29. t. Z. jig. 1-7. A shrub with nigo?e
branches. Petioles 3-4 lines long. Stipules lanceolate, striate, about as
long as the petioles. Leaves subcordate, narrow above the base, subpandu-
riform, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, subcoriaceous, 8 9 in. long,
1-1^ in. wide. Pedictils fasciculate, 1 in. long, springing from the old wood
or from the axils of the fallen leaves. Calyx glabrous, ultimately bursting
by 2 oblong valves. Petals erect, yellow, hoocled, striated, longrr than the
sepals. Staminal tube and ovary as in the former species.

238 XXVI. STERCULiACE^ (MASTERS). [Scaphopetalum.

Upper Guinea. Mount John, Kongui river, Matm !
Distinguished from its congeners by the peculiar form of the leaves.

13. LEPTONYCHIA, Turcz. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i.
237 et 983.

Sepals 5, distinct. Petals 5, very short, concave, somewhat fleshy, cohe-
rent at the margins. Stamens 25 ; filaments united below; margin of the
tube divided into 5 short subulate staminodes, opposite to the sepals, and 5
phalanges opposite to the petals, each phalange consisting of 2 fertile stamens
and 2 antherless filaments placed outside the fertile stamens. Anthers 2-
celled, oblong. Ovary 3-(5-)celled. Ovules numerous, attached in two
vertical rows to the inner angle of each cell. Style cylindrical. Stigma mi-
nute, 3-(5-)toothed. Fruit oblong or subglobose, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-
valved. Seeds 1 in each cell, large ; testa black, covered by a red spongy
aril ; albumen horny. Embryo straight. Eadicle pointing to the hilum.
Cotyledons flat, foliaceous, subcordate, obscurely lobed, 3-costate. Plumule
inconspicuous. — A shrub with shining evergreen, entire leaves. Flowers
white, in axillary cymes.

A genus, established by Turczaninow on some species natives of Malacca and the Indian

Archipelago.

Leaves on short stalks, rounded at the base, oblong-acuminate . . . 1. Z. urophyJIa.

Leafstalks at least an inch long. Leaves tapering at the base, lanceo-
late 2. Z. lanceolafa.

1. L. urophylla, Welw. mss. A shrub 5-6 ft. in height, with loosely
spreading branches. Leafstalks ^-|- in. long. Stipules subvdate, pilose,
as long as the petioles, deciduous. Leaves 4-5 in. long, 2-3 in. wide,
evergreen {JFelv'iisch), roundish at the base, oblong, acuminate, smooth,
1-costate, smaller veins arcuate-reticulate. Flowers in axillary cymes. Pe-
duncles shorter than the petioles, dividing into 2 or 3 pedicels, shorter than
the flow^ers. Flower-buds oblong, acute, prismatic. Sepals 5, distinct, ob-
long, acute, downy, about \ in. in length. Petals one-fourth the length of
the sepals, thick, roundish, concave, ciliate, coherent at the margins. Sta-
mens 25, in two rows?, coherent below into a short tube, half the length of
the ovary, divided above into 5 subulate staminodes placed alternately with
the petals and about equal to them in length, and into 5 phalanges, placed
opposite to the petals and alternating with the short staminodes, each pha-
lange is composed of 2 inner antheriferous filaments, nearly equalling the
sepals, and of 2 antherless filaments placed rather externally to the fertde sta-
mens and rather shorter than them. Ovary 3-(5- ?)lobed, oblong, villose,
3-5-celled; placentas axile. Ovules. . . . Style cylindrical as long as the
stamens. Stigma minute, terminal, 3-(5-)toothed. ('apsule oblong obtuse
or subglobose, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved ; valves oblong, obtuse, coria-
ceo-ligneous, rugose and stellately tomentose on the exterior, shining and
puckered on the inner surface. Seeds 1 in each cell, pendulbus (?), \ in. long,
oblong, acute, subtriquetrous, with a black shining testa, nearly covered with
a spongy scarlet aril.

Leptonychia.l xxvi. sterculiace^ (masters). 239

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann ! Barter ! Ainbas Bay, Mann !
Lower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Dr. ^Velv\itsch's specimcos enable me to give the characters of the fruit hitherto uude-
scribed.

2. L. lanceolata, Mad. A shrub 12-15 ft. liigh, with glabrou8
branches. Leafstalks glabrous, 1 in. in lenpjth, smooth. Leaves leatlierv,
lanceobte, acuminate, entire, tapering at the base, 1-costate, arcuate-venose,
8-12 in. long, 3-4 in. wide. Sepals 4, linear-lanceolate. Petals villose.
Ovary villose, 4-celled. Style cylindrical, longer than the stamens.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

I have only examined fragments of flowers of this species, the i^tamiiial arrangements of
which, however, were such as to leave no doubt that the plant belongs to this genus. U
may possibly be a mere variety of the preceding.

14. BUETTNERIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 225.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals concave at the base ; apex 2-lobed, inflexed, adnate
to the tube of the stamens, prolonged at the back into a long, simple or 3-
fid appendage. Staminal tube with solitary anthers between tiie barren
lobes. Antliers sessile or on short stalks, 2-3-celled ; cells parallel. Ovary
sessile, 5-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Style slightly 5-cleft at the
apex. Capsule globose. Carpels seceding septicidally, each 2-valved, covered
with stout spines at the back and 1-seeded. Seed solitary, ascending, ex-
albuminous. Cotyh^dons convolute around the radicle. — Undershrubs or
climbing shrubs, often spiny. Flowers small, purplish, stalked, umbellate or
cymose.

A genus including between 40 and 50 species, natives of tropical Asia and .\mcrica. The
only species known in tropical Africa, and that imperfectly, is the one a description of
which is here given.

1. B. africana. Mast. A tree with pubemlous branches. Leaves
roumlish, cordate-ovate, acute, denticulate, palmately 5-nerved, smooth, 5 6
in. long, 4-5 in. wide. Leafstalks shorter than the leaves. Stipules siibu-
late. Flowers. . . . Capsule subglobose, the size of a walnut, septicidally
3-57valved ; valves muricate.

Ziower Guinea. Congo, Srtrith !

Imperfect specimens of this plant were collected by Smith, and do not appear to have
been met with by any other collector. The plant does not appear to be mentioned in
Brown's Appendix to Tuckey's Congo.

Among the specimens collected by Dr. Kirk in the Zambesi valley (Batoka) arc fragmenti
of a tree with separate fruits, probably Sterculiarcous, but in too iinpirfert a state to be re-
ferred with certainty to this family. The branches are purplish, sprinkled with black d.it».
Petioles cylindrical, thickened at the apex and at the base. L<'aves leathery, cordate, paimatrly
5-lobed ; lobes oblong, entire, sinuses obtuse, surface smooth. Peduncle, as it seems, tcrniinnl,
marked with annular cicatrices. Thalamus or gyuophore ? setose at apex. ('Hr|Hls 4,
samaroid, obliquely ovoid, horny at the base, indehiscent, 1-celk-d, 1 -seeded, prolonged into
a long membranous entire wing,' 1-2 in. long. Albumen apparently horny.

240

Order XXYII. TILIACEiE (by Dr. Maxwell T. Masters).

Flowers reo;ular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5 or fewer, distinct, rarely co-
herent, valvate. Petals 5, sometimes absent, alternate with the sepals, ini-
bricate, glandular or glandless at the base internally. Stamens indefinite,
rarely definite, inserted on a short contracted torus or on an elongated one.
Filaments free or more or less united below% sometimes 4-5-adelphous, all
fertile or some sterile. Anthers 2-celled, linear or globose, dehiscing longi-
tudinally or by pores. Ovary free, 2-10-celled. Style entire; stigmas
usually small, as many as the cells of the ovary, sometimes large ; ovules
anatropal, attached to the inner angles of the cells of the ovary, sometimes
solitary, pendulous, generally numerous, in 2 rows in each cell. Fruit 2-
10-celled or 1-celled by abortion, sometimes divided transversely by spurious
partitions, diy or fleshy, loculicidally dehiscent, indehiscent or separating
into cocci. Seeds solitary or few, ascending, pendulous or transverse, exaril-
late (rarely arillate) ; testa coriaceous, sometimes pilose. Albumen fleshy.
Embryo straight. Cotyledons roundish, leafy. Eadicle next to the liilum.
— Trees or shrubs or sometimes herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, gene-
rally more or less oblique at the base, penninerved or palminerved, simple or
lobed, glabrous, pilose or stellate-tomentose. Stipules in pairs, deciduous.
Flowers cymose, lateral and terminal, rarely axillary, but often by the side of
the leaf.

An extensive Order, especially abundant in the tropics. They approach Malvacece and
Sterculiace(B in their valvate calyx, but differ in their 2-celled anthers and generally free
or but slightly coherent stamens.

The bark in many of these plants is very fibrous, even in the herbaceous species the fibre
is important, as in the case of "jute," the product of some species of Corchorus. The
same fibrous character is present to a notable extent in the fruit of some species. Many of
them abound in mucilaginous juice.

Tribe I. BroTvrnloT^^iese. — Sepals oomhined into a Z-o-Jid carnpanulate calyx. An-
thers,small, globose ; lobes sometimes confluent at the apex.

Carpels distinct, 2-valved, wingless 1. Christiana.

Carpels combined, winged 2. Carpodiptera.

Tribr II. Grewiese. — Sepals distinct. Petals glandular at the base internally.
Torus elongated. Anthers subglobose or short, lobes parallel.
Fruit indehiscent drupaceous globose or lobed, not prickly ... 3. Grewia.
JVuit more or less dehiscent. Capsule spiny 4. Triumfetta.

Tribe III. Tilieae. — Sepals distinct. Petals not glandular. Torus contracted.
Capsule loculicidally dehiscent, echiuate or smooth and pod-like.

Seeds indefinite.
Outer stamens barren, inner fertile, numerous. Capsule globose,

echiuate 6. Sparmannia.

Outer stamens barren. Fertile stamens few 5. Honcken¥a.

Stamens all fertile.

Capsule long, pod-like 7. Corchorus.

Capsule globose, prickly 8. Ancistrocarpus.

Fruit indehiscent.

Flowers involucrate. Seeds wingless 9. Ditboscia.

Flowers exinvolucrate. Seeds winged 10. Desplatzia.

XXVII. TILIACE.T. (maSTKRS). 241

Tribe IV. ApeiheBe.—Srpa/s distinct. Petals glaudlcss. Toms short. Authors
linear, crested. Ovary ij-oo-cel/ed. Fruit indehiscent^ rxj-steded.

11. Glvph-Ea.

1. CHRISTIANA, DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Tl. i. 232.

Calyx bell-sbaped, irregularly 3-5-fi(l. Petals 5, naked at tlie base. Sta-
mens indefinite, free, all fertile, not inserted on a niised torus. Antbers
subglobose. Ovary. . . . Carpels 2-5, ultimately seceding, subglobo-e, 1-
locular, 2-valved. Seed 1 in eacb cell, ascending ; testa crustficeouy, black,
spotted with grey. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons leafy. — A tree of lofty stature
and with ample foliage.

This genus is mentioned by Robert Brown (Botany of Conpo, Tuckcy's Expedition, p.
428), who reiuarks on the want of symmetry between the calyx and the corolla, and con-
siders the genus to be nearly allied to Ventetiatia. Brown saw only fruiting specinocus,
and indeed no younger specimens exist in herbaria.

1. C. africana^ BC. Prod. i. 516. A tree whose younger branche?,
leafstalks, leaves, outer surface of calyx and of carpels, are all more or less
densely clotbed with yellowish stelliform tomentum. Leafstalks 3-4 in.
long. Stipules linear, persistent. Leaves cordate-ovate acute or oblong,
palmately 5-costate, 6-13 in. long, 4-8 in. broad, smootii above, densely
tomentose below. Flowers numerous, in terminal, much-branched, cor\m-
bose cymes ; pedicels flattened. Calyx 3-lobed, persistent. Carpels 2-5,
shortly stalked, each one subglobose, the size of a small pea, 1-celled, i-
seeded, splittinti: into 2 boat-shaped valves, about -^ in. long. — C. cordifoiia.
Hook. f. Fi. Nigrit. 238.

Upper Guinea. Quorra, T. Vogel !
Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

I fail to find any sufficient marks of distinction between the original C africana and that
described by Dr. Hooker, and have therefore couibiucd the two.

2. CARPODIPTERA, Grisebach ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 232.

Calyx bell-shaped, 5-fid. Petals 5, glaudlcss at the base. Stamens in-
definite, free or slightly coherent at the base ; torus not prolonged. St;uni-
nodia 0. Anthers roundish. Ovary 2-celled (4-celled ?) ; ovules solitary
and pendulous from the upper and inner angle of each cell of the ovary;
stigmas distinct, sessile, large, subpetaloid (Gristb.). Capsule subglobose,
2-valved, each valve extended into 2 long, une(iual, obtuse, foliaceous wings.
Seeds solitary in each cell, pendulous. Albumen fleshy.— Trees with entire
or cordate leaves. Flowers small, in axillary cymes.

Grisebach described a Cuban plant upon which he founded the ycviis. A second species
is native of S.E. troj)ical Africa.

1. C. africana, JI/asY. A tree with greyish ash-coloured bark. Leaf.
stf;lks 2-3 in. long, thinly covered with stelliform pubescence. Stipules
caducous. Leaves 4-6 in. 'long, oblong, acute, rounded at the base, some-
times obscurely lubed, unicostate ; venation arcuate. Peduncle extra-axdiary,
as long as or longer than the leafstalks, dividing into 5 or 6 cymose ptdiccU,

342 XXVII. TILIACE.E (masters). \Carpodiptera.

each about an inch long. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-cleft ; lobes ovate, acute, \
in. lono;, velvety on the outer surface. Petals oblong, glandless, longer than
the sepals. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous ; thalamus not prolonged. Cap-
sule subglobose, 2-valved, 1 -celled, each valve provided with 2 unequal, ob-
long, obtuse, foliaceous wings 1 or 2 in. in length, ^-| in. in breadth. Seed
solitary, pendulous, villose.

IVIozainb. Distr. Rovuma river, Dr. Kirk I

Closely allied to a Cuban species described by Grisebach, C. cubensis, but in the African
plant the leaves as well as the carpellary wiugs are longer and more pilose.

3. GPvEWIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 233.

Plowers regular, hermaphrodite, pentamerous. Sepals distinct. Petals
unguiculate, unguis thickened, glandular, ciliate, rarely wanting. Stamens
indefinite, all fertile, free, springing from a raised glandular torus. Ovary
3-4-celled ; cells 2-oo-ovuled. Style subulate ; stigma shortly 2-4-lobed.
Drupe 1-4-stoned, entire or lobed. Stones 1-2 or more-seeded and divided
by spurious dissepiments between the seeds. Seeds ascending or horizontal.
Albumen fleshy or horny. Cotyledons Hat, leafy. — Trees or shrubs fre-
quently covered with stelliform hairs. Leaves entire or lobed, 3-7-nerved.
Flowers yellow or pink, in axillary or terminal cymes.

An extensive genus whose species are for the most part tropical and subtropical. Many
of the species are exceedingly variable, and not a little difficult of discrimination in the dried
state. Possibly some of the forms here kept separate will have to be combined when further
material shall be examined.

Cymes axillary, subaxillary or opposite to the leaves. Drupes fleshy.
Peduncles erect, much longer than the petioles. Serratures of

leaves glandular \. G. columnar is.

•' Peduncles shorter or not greatly longer than the petioles. Serra-
tures not glandular. (See G. glandulosa.)
Petals roundish, not more than half the length of the sepals.

Leaves truncate at the apex 2. (?. truncata.

Leaves not truncate at the apex.
Le:ives glabrous on both surfaces.

Drupe 1 -lobed 3. <7. Caffra.

Drupe 2-lobed 6. (?. lavigata.

Drupe 4-lobed.

Leaves parallel-veined 1. G. megalocarpa.

Leaves arcuate-venose ^. G. lepidopeta/a.

Leaves pilose on both surfaces b. G. guazumifolia.

Leaves albido-tomentose below ^. G. micrantka.

Petals oblong or lanceolate, more than half the length of the
sepals.
Stipules oblique, falciform, large.

Leaves covered with little tufts of stellate hairs .... 9. (7. tnaq?iilatera.

Leaves subglabrous or uniformly downy 19. ^. tilicefolia.

Stipules not falciform, minute.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so, not white beneath.
Leaves roundish.

Leaves rounded or subcordate at the base, 5-nerved . 10. G. populifolia.
Leaves 3-nerved, tapering at the base, rarely rounded IL G. occidentalis.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate.

Leaves truncate 2. (?. truncata.

Gre?oia.] xxvii. tiliace/K (masters). 243

Leaves not truncate.

Leaves glandular-visciJ 12. G. (/landuhsa.

Leaves not glandular.

Drupe globose, rarely lobcd.

Leaves tapering at tlie base, secondary veins

straight "... 13. G. trichocarpa.

Leaves rounded at the base, secondary veins

curved \\. G. carpinifolia.

Drupe distinctly 4-lobed 11. G. occideHtalit.

Leaves smooth or nearly so above, white beneath.

Petals very short \. G. micrantha.

Petals oblong-lanceolate.

Leaves cuive-veined 15. '^Z saliifolia.

Leaves feather-veined.

Drupes black. Leaves oblong-lanceolate . . . . 10. G. mollU.

Drupes red. Leaves ovate 17. (7. cyclopetala.

Leaves tomentose, especially below.
Leaves roundish, 5-7-nerved.

Stipules subulate, prominently unicostnte . . . . 18. (7. asiatica.
Stipules lanceolate; nerves not prominent.

Leaves obliquely cordate ; arborescent . . . . 19. C titiafolia.
Leaves rounded at the base, rarely subcordate ; her-
baceous or suffruticose 20. G. venusta.

Stipules broadly ovate, acute ; arborescent . . . . 2\. G. villosa.
Leaves oblong, 3-5-nerved.

Stipules large, falcate, oblique, acuminate .... 9. 6'. incB'/ni/a/era.
Stipules subulate-lanceolate.

Leaves oblong-obtuse, covered with down on both

surfaces 22. G.flava.

Leaves oblong-acute, smooth or with rather long

silky hair 23. G. pubescens.

Leaves pilose or rough on both surfaces.

Petals deeply 2-parted 2 !•. G. Forbesii.

Petals notched or entire.

Ovules many in each cell of the ovary 25. G. pilosa.

Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary.

Leaves oblong or roundish, 1-3 in. long .... 5. (7. ynnzum[foHa.

Leaves minute 26. (?. yarvxfolia.

Cymes panicled at the ends of the branches, many-flowered.
Cy mules exinvolucrate.

Mower-buds subglobose or oblong.

Leaves feather-veined 2?. G. ferrugiurn.

Leaves curve-veined 2S. G. angoletisii.

Flower-buds cylindrical oblong or club-shaped.
Leaves oblong, not cordate.

Leaves laneeolatQ, thinly pilose. Flowers large .... 29. 0. teiragastri-i.
Leaves oblong-acuminate, glabrous. Flowers small . . .31. G. coriacra.

Leaves cordate, densely tomentose 30. G. sulcata.

Cymules invulucrate.

Nut 4-celled, 4-secded. Stipules entire. {S>tci. Microcos.) . 32. G. floribunda.
Cymules with or without involucres. Drupes pyrifonn, fibrous, 1-
celled, 1 -seeded. (Sect. Oinphacarpus.)
Stipules entire.

Fruit downy 33. ^7. tn.ifarorarpa.

Fruit glabrous 'U. G. africana.

Stipules pinnalitid 35. G. pin»afi/i<ia.

1. G. columnaris, Smith ; DC. PruJ. i. 510. A shrub with sK-iulcr,

244 XXVII. TiLiACE.E (masters). [Gretcki.

purplish, puberulous branches. Stipules subulate. Leafstalks ^ in. lona:,
puberulous. Leaves oval, acute, subscabrous, crenate-serrate, lower seira-
tures glandular, 3-costate, veins arcuate. Cymes stalked, extra-axillary and
terminal. Peduncles two or three times longer than the leafstalks, dividing
into 3-6 pedicels. Flower-buds subglobose. Sepals leathery, stellate-to-
mentose. Petals oblong, emarginate. Ovary villose. Fruit 4-lobed ; lobes
subglobular, the size of a small pea.

Mozamb. Distr. East tropical Africa and Mombas island, Bojer !

Native also of the peninsula of India. The African specimens of this species that have
come under observation are imperfect, so that the character of the fruit has been described
from Indian specimens.

2. G. truncata. Mast. A shrub sparingly covered with stelliform to-
mentum. Petioles y in. long. Stipules subulate. Leaves 6-7 in. long, 3-
4 in. wide, thin, obliquely subcordate, oblong, retuse, shortly acuminate,
3-costate; venation feather-veined. Cymes terminal or opposite the leaves,
many-flowered. Pedicels short, not exceeding 1 in. in length. Petals broadly
ovate, obcordate. Gynopliore short.

Mozamb. Distr. Between Lupata and Tette, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk!
Although the materials are very imperfect, there can be little dotjbt as to the distinctness
of this species, which may readily be recognized by its peculiar leaves.

3. G. CafFra, Meisner in Hook. Lond. Jonryi. Bot. ii. 53. A shrub or
small tree, often fluted at the base, with numerous, widely-spreading, slightly
pilose, })urplish, lenticellate branches. Petioles ^ in. long, pilose. Stipules
linear, setaceous, equalling the petioles. Leaves thin, nearly glabrous, 1-3
in. long, |— |- in. wide, tapering or obliquely subcordate at the base, oblong,
acute or acuminate, finely toothed, 3-costate, arcuate-venose. Peduncles
axillary, |-f in. long, dividing into 2-3 diverging pedicels about equal in
length to the petioles. Flower-buds cylindrical or somewhat angular, oblong,
slightly tumid at the base. Sepals oblong. Petals obovate, entire or slightly
emarginate, half the length of the sepals. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules numerous
in each cell of the ovary ; stigmatic lobes linear-subulate. Drupe subglo-
bose, the size of a small cherry, covered when young with tufts of appressed,
stelliform, rigid hairs.

IfOTi^er Guinea. Loanda, Dr. Wehoitsch !
IMIozainb. Distr. Shamo, Dr. Kirk !

Occurs also in Natal. lu Dr. Welwitsch's specimens the leaves are more nearly cordate
than in the specimens from Eastern Africa.

4. G. micrantha, Boj. in Herb. Ktw. A shrub, the younger branches,
petioles, and pedicels covered with rufous down. Petioles \-\ in. long.
Stipules falciform, equalling the leafstalks. Leaves 1-3 in. long, 1 in. wide,
oblong, subcordate, acute, glandulose, serrate, shining above, whitish, with a
few pilose hairs on the lower surface, 3-costate ; venation arcuate. Peduncles
solitary or twin, axillary or terminal, shorter than the leaves, dividing above
into 2-3 pedicels.. Flower-buds ovoid-oblong. Sepals oblqng. Petals very
short, notched. Fruit 2-4-lobed ; lobes small, fusiform, yellowish, covered
with a few short hairs.

IKIozamb. Distr. Mombas Isle, Bojer ! Tette, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

Grewia.] xxvii. tiliace.e (masters). 245

5. G. guazumifolia, J/rss. in Ann. M'/s. iv. 89. t. 4 8./ 3 ; DC. Prod.

i. 508. A shrub with erect or sprendiiiir villose branchfs. Leafstalks villose,
j-^ in. in length. Leaves obliquely stibcordate, ovate or oblong, acute, mi-
nutely serrate, pilose above, downy beneath, 3-5-nerve(l, fealher-veincd, 2 4
in. long, 1-1^ in. wide. Peduncles axillary or nenrly so, about an inch in
length, dividing into 2-3 short pedicels. Drupe globose, the size of a small
cherry, slightly pilose, with 4 nuts. Nuts 1-3-ccllcd.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet !

Lio^ver Guinea. Angola, Dr. Wehcitsch !

01' this species I have only seen imperfect specimens. Jiissieu describes the petals as
■very short. 1 am doubtful whether or uo Dr. Welwitsch's specimens may not constitute the
type of a new species.

6. G. laevigata, Vohl ; 1)C. Pr6d. i. 510. A slirub or small tree, with
subglabrous branches. Leaves on very short stalks, oval, tapering or rouinh-d
at the base, serrated near the acute or acuminated apex, smooth on both sur-
faces, 3-costate, arcuate-venose, 2-3 in. long, 1 -2 in. wide. Peduncles
solitary, axillary or two or three together, two or three times longer than the
leafstalks, 2-3-Howered. Sepals linear, narrow, three or four times longer
than the oblong, entire, bluntish petals ; torus short. Drupe deeply 2-lobed ;
lobes the size of small peas, glabrous ; nuts 1-2 in each lobe, 1-2-cclled. —
G. sfipiaria,B,oxh. Hort. Calcutt.Cat. G. muWJiura, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. b9.

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma river. Dr. Kirk !
Occurs also in India and. Australia.

7. G. megalocarpa, P. de Beanv. ; DC. Prod. i. 511. A shrub 3-4 ft.
in height, with very numerous, spreading, sometimes sarmentose branches.
Leaves on short pilose stalks, obloug-ovate subacuminate, sometimes rhom-
boid, serrate, nearly glabrous, 3-iierved, feather-veined, 1-2 iti. long, \-\
in. wide. Cymes terminal or opposite the leaves. Peduncles pilose, \ in. long,
dividing into 2-3 pedicels. Plower-buds ovoid-oblong. Flowers large,
1^-2 in. across. Sepals oblong-ovate. Petals glandular; lamina very
short. Style longer than the stamens. Fruit of 4 pea-shaped, smooth,
purplish lobes.

Upper Guinea. Oware, Beanvois.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Billon and Petit !

liov^er Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

8. G. lepidopetala, Garcke in Pet. Mossamh. But. i. 135. A shrub or
small tree. Leaves on very short stalks, obovate or oblong-acuminate, crenate-
serrate, glabrous, 3-nerved, veins anastomosing ; 1-2 in. long, 1 in. wide.
Stipules lanceolate. F'lowers in terminal corymbose cymes. Peduncles 1 in.
long, dividing into 2-3 pedicels. Flower-buds oblong, obtuse. Sepals ob-
long, pubescent. Petals half the length of the sepals, orbicular, glandular
beneath. Drupe 4-lobed, villose, ultimately smooth.

Mozamb. Distr. Senna, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk ! Peters.

9. G. inaequilatera, Garcke in Pet. Mossnmh. Bat. i. 134. A shrub,
sometimes with prostrate, purplish, lenticcUate branches, and other times
forming a small tree ; the younger shoots, as well as the petioles, pctiicels,

246 XXVII. TiLiACE/E (masteks). [Grewla.

under surface of the leaves, and outer surface of the calyx, more or less
densely covered with tufts of rufous stellate hairs. Leafstalks -j in. long ;
stipules nearly as long as the petioles, subfalcate, acuminate. Leaves ^-5
in. long, 1-3 in. wide, obliquely subcordate, oblong-acuminate, serrate,
smooth above, albido-tomentose below, 3-costate, venation straight. Pe-
duncles axillary or nearly so, about the length of the petioles, dividing above
into 2-3 pedicels. Plower-buds roundish, oblong. Sepals oblong-lanceo-
late, ultimately spreading. Petals half the length of the sepals, obovate, acu-
minate, with a few hairs at the base of the claw. Stamens more or less
pentadelphous. Fruit 2-lobed ; lobes globose, the size of a small cherry,
purplish, ultimately smooth.

Iiower Guinea. Angola, Br. Welwitsc/i !

Mozamb. Distr. Seuna, Zambesi, Pi?/^?-^; Drs. Kirk and Meller !
A species that varies gi'eatly in habit, size of parts, etc., but one that may be generally re-
cognized by the peculiarly 1-sided leaves and stipules and the floccose toraeutum.

10. G. pop-ulifolia, Vahl ; DC. Prod. i. 511. A shrub, with slender
nearly glabrous branches. Leafstalks ^-f in. long, with a few stelliform
hairs, slightly dilated at the apex ; stipules subulate. Leaves 1-2 in. long,
1 in. wide, subcoriaceous, roundish or oblong, subcordate or tapering at the
base, obtuse or sometimes pointed at the apex, crenate-serrate or dentate and
frequently thickened at the margins, glabrous above, slightly tomentose be-
low, palmately 3-5-nerved, arcuate-veined. Peduncles solitary or in pairs
opposite the leaves, or terminal on shoi't contracted branches or " spurs,"
dividing into 2-3 short pedicels or 1-flowered by abortion. Plower-buds
angular, oblong, pointed. Sepals oblong, ^-f in. long. Petals oblong, eniar-
ginate, shorter than the sepals. Ovary villose. Drupe 1-4-lobed ; lobes
yellowish, smooth, the size of small peas, each with a 2-celled stone. — G.
hetidifolia, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. 92. pi. 4. f. 1. G. reticulata, Hochst. Pi.
Schimp. Abyss. ? G. crenata, Hochst. PL Schimp. Abyss. G. ribesicpfolia^
Hochst. PI. Schimp. Abyss. G. membranacea, Eich. Fl. Abyss, i. 90.

"Widely distributed throughout the whole of tropical Africa, found also in Egypt, Persia,
Arabia, Scinde, etc.

Very variable in the form of the leaves, which, however, are usually small and nearly gla-
brous.

11. G. occidentalis, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 511. A shrub ; the younger
portions covered with ferruginous tomentum. Leafstalks ^-f in. long. Leaves
1-2 in. long, 1 in. wide, subcordate, roundish-ovate, obtuse, dentate, -3-
nerved, venation arcuate, glabrous or with a ^^w short bristles along the
nerves. Peduncles opposite to the leaves or terminal, 3-6-flowered. Flower-
buds oval-oblong. Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Fruit purplish, slightly hairy,
4-lobed ; lobes subglobose, the size of small peas. — ? G. crtnata, Hochst. PI.
Schimp. Abyss.

Nile I«and. Abyssinia, Schmper ! Karague, Speke and Grant !
The plant occurs also in S. Africa.

12. G. glandulosa, Vahl ; DC. Prod. i. 510. A shrub or small tree(?);
younger branches thinly covered with ferruginous tomentum. Leafstalks ^

Crewia.] xxvii. tuame.'f. (masters). 247

ill. loriir. Stipules liiionr, falcate, sliortcr lliaii tlie pet iolc^^. Leaves 3-5 in.
lonir, 1-2 in. wide, oblirpiely subeoidatr, ohinnir-laiieeolate, aeiimiiiate, cre-
nate-seiTate, lower serraturcs glandular, IVailjer-veiiied, nrarly .smooth on
botlj surfaces or with a few hairs on the nerves beneath, rediineles axilhiry,
shorter than the petioles, dividing into 2 sliort pedicels. Flower-buds ob-
ovoid. Sepals linear, nearly an incli in leni^tli. Petah roundish, nearly as
large as the sepals. Ovary villose. Fruit cubical, 1 in. or 1 i in. diain., 4-
lobed, pilose, ferruginous. — G. vlmifulia, Boj. in llcib. K» \v.

Mozaxub. Distr., Mozambique, Forbes! Zaiizil)ar, l)r. Kirk '. ■ Bnjer '.

Foiiiul also in Mauritius and Madagascar. The plandiilar leaves and large roundish
petals form good marks of this species, which is nearly allied to Q. didyma, Uoxb., but
has shorter petals.

13. G. trichocarpa, Ilochst. in Rich. Fl. A/jt/ss. i. 89. A shrub

or small tree, with iiuni';rous slender, slightly pilose branches. Petioles
scarcely } in. long, dilated at the apex, l^eaves thin, sub'ilabrous, ine(pii-
lateral, tapering at the base, elliptic, acuminate, dentate, 3-nerved, featiier-
veined, 2-3 in. long, 1 in. wide. Peduncles axillary, short, dividing into
2-3 divergent pedicels. Sepals 3-nerved. Petals obovate, notched, one-
third shorter than the sepals. Ovary 2-celled. Ovides 2 or more in each
cell. Stigmas linear. Fruit globular, pisiform, covered with rigid sclie, in-
terspersed among stellate hairs.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Closely allied to O. occidevtalis, if not identical with that species. In the young slate,
however, the fruit appears not to be 1-lobed.

14. G. carpinifolia, Jkss. ; DC. Prod. i. 510. A shrub or small tree,
with spreading, purplish, slightly pilose branclus. Leafstalks \ in. long.
Stipules subulate. Leaves thin, smooth on both surfaces or slightly pilose,
especially beneath, subcordate, roundish at the base, oblong:, acute or acumi-
nate, serrated, 3-costate, secondary veins curved; 1-3 in. long, 1-1^- in.
wide. Peduncles axillary, about the same lenijth as the petioles, dividing into
2-3 pedicels of ecpial length. Flower-buds oblong, dilated at the base.
Sepals oblong. Petals oblong, slightly emarginate or entire, two-thirds the
length of the sepals. Anthers glabrous. Ovary by abortion 1 -celled, 1-2-
ovulate. Fruit globose, glabrous, rarely somewhat 4-lobed, about the size
of a small cherry. — G. biloba, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 54S. ? G. ttmbcnsia, Fresen.
in Mus. Senck. ii. 158.

Upper Guinea, Ban ! T. Vngcl !

Nile Liand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Riippell.

G. tembensis, Fresen., is apparently only a form of this species, with thicker, more pilose,
and sometimes glandulose-scrrate leaves. The same species occurs in India, und is distin-
guished from Q. pilosa chiefly by the smaller number of ovules ia each cell of the ovary.

15. G. salvifolia, Jleyne ; DC. Prod. i. 500. A shrub or small tree;
the younger branches, petioles, and pedicels covered with ferruginous or pale
down. Leafstalks about \ in. long, dilated at the apex. Stipuhs subidate,
acuminate, longer than the petioles. Leaves 1-3 or 4 in. long, \ in. wide,
obliquely subcordate, oblong or lancrolate, mimitely serrate or entire. 3-
cobtate, arcuate-venose, smooth and shining above, ciaereo-tomentosc below:

248 XXVII. TiLiACE^ (masters). [Gretcia,

Perluncles axillary or terminal, solitary or twin, about the same length as the
leafstalk, and dividing into 3 pedicels. Flower-buds cylindrical, oblong-.
Flowers ^ in. in diam. Sepals oblong, obtuse, cinereo-tomentose ; nerves
prominent. Petals notched, shorter than the stamens. Ovary pubescent.
Drup6*s 1-2-lobed ; lobes globose, the size of a small pea, thinly covered with
short bristly hairs, ultimately glabrous and each containing a bony 4-celled
nut. Seeds 1 in each cell. — G. bicolor, Juss. Ann. Mus. iv. 90. t. 50. f. 2,
G. Rot/iii, DC. Prod. i. 509. G. discolor, Fresen. in Mus. Senok. ii. 159.
G. cinerea, Eich. F'l. Abyss, i. 86. G. pallida, Hochst. PI. Schimp.
Abyss.

Widely diffused throughout all districts of tropical Africa, extending also to Abyssinia
and Scinde, and subject to considerable variation.

16. G. mollis, Juss.; DC. Prod. i. 510. A shrub or small tree, with
glaucous, purplish, often flattened branches. Leafstalks \-\ in. long, albido-
toinentose. Stipules subulate. Leaves 3-5 in. long, 1 in. wide, obliquely
subcordate, oblong-lanceolate, serrate, scaberulous above, albido-tomentose
below, 3-costate, feather-veined. Peduncles 1-2, axillary, as long as the
leafstalks, each dividing into 3 short pedicels. Flower-buds roundish or ob-
long. Flower yellow. Sepals linear-oblong, downy externally. Petals ob-
long, tapcn'ing and almost glandless at the base. Torus short. Ovary
villose ; ovules 1 in each cell. Fruit of 2 purplish globose lobes the size of
small peas.— .^ G. africana, Mill, in DC. Prod. i. 512.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Adanson ; Aboh, Nupe, Niger, Barter !

Nile Land. Gallabat, Hchweinfurth ! Sennar, Kotschy I M'Komah, Speke and
Grant !

A very distinct-looking species. The bark is stated by Barter to be used for the sake of
its mucilage in soups. It resembles G. venusta, Fresen., but differs in its narrower lower
leaves.

17. G. cyclopetala, Wuwra and PeyrilscJi. Seri. Bemjuel. 19. A shrub,
with spreading slightly pilose branches. Leafstalks i in. long. Leaves
1-3 in. long, 1-]|- in. wide, leathery, obliquely cordate, oblong, acuminate,
denticulate, subglabrous above, albido-tomentose below, 3-costate, ribs rufously
hirsute, feather-veined. Peduncles opposite to the leaves, as long as or
longer than the leafstalks, dividing into 2 or 3 pedicels, equalling the com-
mon stalk. Flowers. . . . Fruit globose, 1-2-lobed ; lobes globular, red, of
the size of small peas, 6-celled, 6-seeded.

Lioveer Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Very like some of the forms of G. bicolor., but may be distinguished by the broader leaves
and the feathered venation. It is open to doubt whether Dr. Welwitsch's plant belongs to
the above species. Wawra and Peyritsch describe their plant as having leaves with
thick margins, scabrid on the upper surface, greyish beneath. The petals are moreover de-
scribed as suborbicuUir, emarguiate, smaller than the sepals.

18. G. asiatica, Linn.; DC. ProdA. 511. A shrub or small tree,
covered in all the younger portions with yellowish stelliform tomentum.
Leafstalks 1 in. long, dilated at the apex. Stipules subulate-lanceolate,
prominently 1 -nerved, half the length of the petiole. Leaves 4-5 in. long,
3-4 in. broad, obliquely cordate, roundish or oblong-acuminate, irregu-
larly toothed, palmately 5-costate, smaller veins parallel, not arching, softly

Orema.] xxvii. tiliaceje (masters). 219

toraentose on both surfaces. Peduncles axillary or opposite the leaves,
longer tiian the leafstalks, dividin^r above into 3 branches. Flower-buds
oblong, tumid at the base. Sepals oblong, twice the length of the narrow-
oblong emarginate petals. Style equal to the stamens. Ovary 4-lobed.
Drupe 4-lobed or 1-lobed by abortion ; lobes downy, roundish, the size of a
small pea.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter!

South Central. Koobie to N. Shaw Vallry, Chapman and Baines !
A. common Indian plant, subject to much variation. The African specimens are more
downy on the upper surface of the leaves than is the case in the Indian plants.

19. G. tiliaefolia, Vahl ; DC. Prod. i. 511. A shrub ; the younger

portions covered with a short dense coating of felted hairs, rart-ly entirely
glabrous. Leaves stalked, obliquely cordate, roundish, acuminate, irregularly
toothed. Stipules falcate-lanceolate. Peduncles axillary or emerging a little
on one side of the petiole, equal to or exceeding the petiole, 3 5-flowered.
Sepals linear-oblong. Petals oblong, notched at the apex, half the length of
the sepals. Drupes 2- rarely 4-lobed ; lobes globose.

Mozamb. Distr. Mozambique, Peters.

A common Indian plant. I have not seen any African specimens, unless indeed O. ve-
nusta, Freseuius, be a form of this species.

20. G. venusta, Fresen. in Mus. Senck. ii. 159. An herbaceous peren-
nial or sometimes an undershrub. Branches decumbent or erect, simj)le or
slightly branched, more or less densely covered with white stelliform tomen-
tum. Leafstalks 1 in. or more in length, downy. Stipules subulate-lanceo-
late. Leaves 3-5 in. long, 2-4 in. wide, roundish oblong, acute or obtuse,
subcordate or rounded at the base, crenate-serrate, palmately 3-5-nerved ;
nerves prominent, especially below, venation arcuate, scabrous above, clothed
with soft white tomentum below. Cymes many-Howered, extra-axillary ;
peduneles short, dividing into 2-3 slender pedicels | in. long. Sepals ob-
long, doAvny outside. Petals half the length of the sepals, oblong, euiargi-
iiate. Ovary villose. Drupe 2-4-lobed ; lobes subglobose, the size of a
large pea, crustaceous, copper-coloured, pilose.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !

Nile Liand. Abyssinia, Roth I

Lower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

This species, which occurs also in Jhelum and other parts of India, resembles G. vit/osa,
but may be known by its more herbaceous h;ibit, its narrower stipules, an<l its longer and
more numerous pedicels, and its usually 4-lobcd fruit.

G. nana, ^Vall. Cat. 1102, seems closely allied to this species.

21. G. villosa, mild. ; DC. Prod. i. 512. A small shrub ; the younger
portions covered with long setaceous hairs. Petioles ^-l in. long. Leaves
1-3 in. long, suborbicular, obliquely cordate, serrate, serrntures ciliate, 3-5-
nerved, feather-veined ; nerves and veins prominent, rugose above, villose
beneath. Stipules broad, leafy. Flowers nearly sessile, in close cymes
placed along the sides of the branches. Sepals oblong, acute. Petals ob-
long, notched, much shorter than the sepals. Torus setose. Fruit ylobuhir,
the size of a cherry, crustaceous, coppery, pilose, with 4 l-2-s<'cded stones.
—G. echimlata, Delile, Voy. Meroe, Bot. 82, G. coryUfoVm, Guill. ct Perr.
Fl. Seneg. i. 95.

250 XXVII. TiLiACE.E (MASTERS)., [Grewla.

"Widely distributed throughout tropical Africa and found also in the Cape de Verd Islands
and the East Indies.

22. G. flava, DC. Prod. i. 509. A shrub, more or less densely covered
with grey or ferriminoiis tomentiim. Leafstalks tomentose, very short. Sti-
pules uiinutr subulate. Leaves 1-2 in. lotig, f in. wide, tapering or rounded
at the base, oblong, obtuse, serrate, softly tomentose above, cinereous beneath,
3-costate, feather- veined. Peduncles longer than the leafbtalks, I- or rarely
3-flowered, Pedicels 2-bracteolate, short. Sepals linear. Petals oblong,
spathulate. Fruit 1-lobed, pisiform or obscurely 4-lobed, purplish, hirsute.

Soutli Central, Baines !

Mozamb. Distr. Tette, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk!

Very closely allied to, if not identical with G. cana, Sonder, a native of the Cape, as is
also the present species.

There is an imperfect sj)ecimen, from Dr. Kirk, which I refer, dou])tfully, to this species.
Its fruits are somewhat 3-4-lobed.

23. G. pubescens, P.de Beam. Fl. Oware, p. 76. t. 108. A shrub
2-8 ft. high, with numerous tortuous spreading branches ; the lower ones
sometimes sarmentose ; the younger ones covered with soft stelliform down.
Petioles \-^ in. long, downy. Stipules linear-subulate. Leaves 2-3 in.
long, 1—1^ wide, oblong-acuminate, serrate, 3-nerved ; venation arcuate,
downy or sometimes subglabrous. Flowers numerous, in terminal much-
branched cymes. • Flower-buds roundish or oblong. Flowers 1-1|- in. across
or even more. Sepals linear-oblong, silky externally, white or pink within.
Petals pink, lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. Fruit 4-lobed; lobes the
size of peas, reddish-brown, slightly hispid.

Upper Guinea. Oware, P. de Beauvois ; Cape Coast, Brass !
Lower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

To tliia species are referred a number of Dr. Welwitsch's specimens, which show a wide
range of variation. In the flowers they correspond well with P. de Beauvois' figure.

24. G. Forbesiij Harv. in Herb. Kew. A shrub or small tree, more
or less densely covered with coarse stelliform hairs. Petioles \ in. long.
Stipules subulate-lanceolate, longer than the petioles. Leaves 3-4 in. long,
1-2 in. wide, subcordate, oblong, acute or acuminate, irregularly toothed ;
teeth setose, scabrous above, stellate-tomentose below, 3-costate ; venation
arcuate. Cymes shortly stalked. Peduncles ^-^ in. long, dividing above
into 3-4 pedicels, which are covered with appressed bristles. Flower-buds
oblong, tumid at the base. Sepals linear, 1 in. long. Petals oblong, deeply
2-pcirted. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell of the ovary. Fruit the size of a
hazel-nut, somewhat 4-lobed ; lobes muricate.

Mozatnb. Distr. Mozambique, Forbes ! Rovuma river, Brs. Meller and Kirk !
A very distinct species indicated as new by the late Dr. Harvey.

25. G. pilosa, Lam. Diet. iii. 43 ; excl. syn. DC. Prod. i. 510. A
shrub or small tree, sometimes fluted at the base, with numerous, widely
spreading, sometimes subscandent, puri^lish, puberulous or pilose branches,
occasionally spiny. Leaves subcoriaceous, 2-4 in. long, 1-1^ in. wide, on

Grewia.'] xxvii. tiliace/E (masters), 251

very short pilose stalks, ovate-oblong, subcordate, acute or anuminate, more
or less coarsely serrate, pilose on boih surfaces, 3-ncrve(l, nearly feather-
veined. Stipules subulate-lanceolate, nearly as long as the petioles, decidu-
ous. Peduncles along the sides of the branches, axillary, \ \ in. long,
dividing into 2-3 pedicels of about the same length. Flower-l)U(U oblong,
ddated at the base, constricted iu the middle. Sepals oblong, pilose. Pet^ds
oblong, emarguiate, one-third shorter than the sepals. Anthers usually
stellate-pilose on the back, rarely glabrous. Stigmatic lobes linear. Ovary
2-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell. Fruit globose, 1-4-lobed*;
lobes the size of a pea, pilose. — G. carpinifoUa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 587, and
Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 88. nee Juss.

A shrub, widely distributed throughout every district of tropical Africa, and varjinif much
in habit. It occurs also in ludia, and is distinguished from G. cariumfulia by its'uumerou*
ovules, etc.

26. G. parvifolia, ITocJist. in Rich. Fl. Ahyas. i. 91. A shrub with
an angular stem and numerous very slender greyish or purplish villose
branches. Leaves pn very short villose stalks, oval, subcordate, acute, un-
equally serrate, stellate-pilose on both surfaces, 3-costate, feather-veined, \ \
in. long, \-\ in. wide. Stipules subulate. Flowers very small. Sepals
downy. Petals roundish, emarginate, shorter than the sepals. Ovary vil-
lose. Fruit 4-lobed ; lobes small, smooth.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Fetit !
Mozaiub. Distr. Shigogo, Dr. Kirk !

Au imperfect specimen from Dr. Kirk iu the Kew herbarium is referred with some doubt
to this species.

27. G. ferruginea, Hoclist. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 87. A shrub with
rugose, spreading, tortuous branches, the younger shoots, as well as the pe-
tioles, pedicels, and outer surface of the calyx, densely covered with stelli-
forra ferruginous tomentum. Leafstalks \ in long. Stipules minute, awl-
shaped. Leaves 1-4 or 5 in. long, 1^-3 in, wide, oblong or elliptic, blunt
at the base, acute at the apex, minutely toothed, rough on both surfaces,
sometimes subglabrous, 8-costate, secondary veins parallel or scarceJy curved.
Peduncles axillary and terminal, twice the length of the leafstalks, dividing
into 3-6 or even more short pedicels. F'lower-buds oblong-ovoid. Flowers
1|— 2 in. across. Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Petals lanceolate, shorter than
the calyx. Torus furrowed, vdlose above. Fruit fleshy, subglobose, gla-
brous, 4-lobed, each lobe the size of a large pea and containing a 1-cclled,
1-seeded nut, — ? G. scabrida, Wall, Cat, 1113.

Upper Guinea. Cape Coast, Brads'

Nile I«and. Abyssinia, Scfiimper ! Dr. Roth ! Dilloti and Pfiit !

The species also occurs m India, aud is very variable in foliage, hairiness, etc.

28. G. angolensis, JFeJw. mss. A shrub or small tree with nume-
rous, intricate, purplish, slightly puberulous branches. Leafstalks { in,
long, pilose. Leaves rounded at the ba^^e, oblicpie, oblong, acuminate, finely
serrated, nearly smooth, 3-nerved, arcuate-venose, 2 3 in, long, 1-1^ in.
wide. Flowers numerous, axillary, arranged chielly at the ends of the
branches. Peduncles downy, F'lower-bucls subglobose, ultiuiately oblong,

252 xxvii. TILIACE.E (MASTERS). ^Grewla.

downy. Flowers 1-1 y in. in diam. Sepals oblong, white on the inner sur-
face. Petals oblong-lanceolate, entire, half the length of the sepals. An-
thers glabrous. Ovary densely clothed with very long setae, 2-celled ; ovules
2 in each ceil. Pruit the size of a large cherry, 4-lobed ; lobes subglobose,
copper-coloured, pilose.

Iiower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Wehvitsch !

29. G. tetragastris, R. ^r. mss. in Herb. Mua. Brit. A shrub covered
with stelliform hairs. Petiole \ in. long, hirsute. Stipules subulate-lanceo-
late, ciliate. Leaves 4-6 in. long, 2-5 in. wide, oblong-lanceolate, rounded
or tapering at the base, minutely dentate, slightly pilose above, downy be-
neath, 3-costate, arcuate-venose. Cymes many- flowered, terminal, and axil-
lary. Peduncles hirsute, 1-1 j in. long, dividing above into 2-3 short
pedicels. Flower-buds oblong, obtuse, tumid at the base. Flowers large
2 in. diam. Sepals oblong, setose, coiTugated on the inner surface (always?).
Petals half the length of the sepals, lanceolate. Ovary 4-lobed, villose, 4-
celled. Drupe the size of a cherry, 4-lobed, pilose.

Upper Guinea. Cape Coast, Brass ! Abbeokuta, Irving !

A very distinct species readily recognised by its large foliage and terminal cymes of large
flowers.

30. G. sulcata, 3fast. A large shrub covered in all the younger parts
with ferruginous stellate tomentum. Leafstalks ^ in. long. Leaves 2-4
in. long, 1-2 in. wide, obliquely cordate, oblong, acuminate, crenate-serrate,
8-costate, feather-veined, scabrous above, tonientose below. Inflorescence
terminal and axillary. Peduncles about an inch in length, dividing into 3
short pedicels. Flower-buds oblong, tumid at the base, contracted in the
centre. Sepals oblong, obtuse, downy externally. Petals oblong-lanceolate,
emarginate, glandular at the base, half the length of the sepals. Stamens
indefinite, more or less monadelphous, inserted on a prominently 5-lobed
torus. Stigma of 5 wedge-shaped lobes.

Mozamb. Distr. Shupanga and Luabo river, Dr. Kirk!
South Central. Desert south of Zambesi, Chapinan and Baines !
A distinct and handsome species. The specific name apphes to the large and deeply-
grooved torus.

31. G. coriacea. Mast. A shrub or small tree with smooth purplish
branches. Stipules deciduous. Petioles scarcely an inch in length. Leaves
5-6 in. long, elliptical, acuminate, entire, coriaceous, 3-costate, arcuate-
venose, smooth. Flowers numerous, in axillary and teraiinal, much-branched
cymes. Peduncles half the length of the leaves. Pedicels 1 in. long,
densely covered, like the common stalk, with close reddish down. Flower-
buds oblong, obtuse. Sepals slightly hooded at the apex, pitted on the
inner surface. Petals broadly ovate, glandular beneath, much shorter than
the sepals. Stamens indefinite, arising from an urceolate 5-lobed, villose
torus. Ovary 2-3-oo-celled, with numerous ovules attached in a double
row to the inner angle of eacli cell. Fruit. ...

Upper Guinea. Kongui river, lat. 1° N., Mann !

32. G. fioribunda, Mast. A shrub or small tree with erect or spread-

Grewia.] xxvii. tiliace.e (masters). 253

ino: smooth branches. Stipules hinceolate-subulate, | in. lone:, equalling
the sli'^htly pilose leafstalks. Leaves rounded at the base, obovate, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, undulate, serrate, 3-costate, arcuate-venose, smooth on
both surfaces, 2-3 in. long, J^ -1 in. wide. Flowers numerous, in much-
branched, terminal, leafless, panicled cymes. Pedicels }-^ in. long, as long
as the flowers. Involucre of 3 3-fid bracts. Flower-buds oblong-obovoid.
Sepals oblong, hooded. Petals half the length of the srpals, glandid;ir at
the base ; lamina lanceolate, emarginate. Stamens indertnitc, on a raised
villose torus. Ovary villose, obovoid; 3-celled ; ovules numerous. Fruit
pyriform, the size of a small cherry, smooth ; raesocarp fibrous ; nut bony,
4-celled, each cell 1-seeded.

Iiower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welvjitsch !

33. G. malacocarpa. Mast. A tree or shrub with puberulous branches.
Leafstalks \ in. long. Leaves 2-3 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, oval or oblong,
acute, entire, smooth, albido-tomentose beneath, 3-costate, arcuate-venose.
Stipules deciduous. Flowers numerous, in terminal paniculate cymes. Fruit
oblong-obovoid, an inch long, slightly tomentose on the outer surface, fibrous
in the interior, 1-celled, l-seeded. Embryo straight. Ali)umen horny.
Eadicle thick, directed to the hilum. Cotyledons leafy, flat, ovate, 3-nerved,
arcuate-venose.

Upper Guinea. Quorra and Tschadda, Barter !

3-i. G. africana. Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 237. A shrub with spreading,
purplish, puberulous, viscid branches. Stipules subulate. Leaves on short
stalks, subcoriaceous, ovate, acuminate, smooth, puberulous beneath, eulire or
minutely serrate, 3-costate, arcuate-venose, 4-6 in. long, 1-2 in. wide.
Flowers apparently numerous, in terminal paniculate cymes. Fruit ^ in.
long, obliquely obovoid, wedge-shaped; mesocarp fibrous, 1-celled, 1-seeded.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don !
Iiower Guinea. Congo, Smith !
I have not seen flowers of this species.

35, G. pinnatifida, Mast. A small tree, tiie younger branches, pe-
tioles, pedicels, stipules, and undersurface of nerves of the leaves, villose.
Stipules I in. long, deeply divided, into 5-6 linear, ciliated lo!)es. Petioles
villose, shorter than the stipules. Leaves subcordate, oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minate, 1-costate, arcuate-venose, smooth above and below except along the
nerves, which are thinly covered on the under surface with fine bristles.
Flowers numerous, in terminal, much-branched, panicled cymes. Pedicels
slightly villose, bracteolate ; bracteoles stipuliform. Involucre of 3 deci-
duous, broadly ovate, subcordate, imbricate, foliaceous bracts enclosing 3
flowers. Flower-buds oblong, acute. Sepals downy, slightly hooded at the
apex. Petals less than iialf the length of the sepals, oblong, obtuse, emar-
ginate; unguis glandular; lamina thickened, fleshy, hairy. Stamens oo,
monadelphous below, where they form a tube encircling the base of the
ovary. Ovary 2-celled (1-celled by abortion). Style cylindrical; stigma
notched ; placenta axile; ovules 2 in each cell, attached to tiie inntT angle.
Fruit 1^ in. long, \ in. wide, pyriform, purplish, l-celled, l-seedcd ; me-

254 XXVII. TiLiACE^ (masters). [Gj-ewia.

socarp fibrous. Em])ryo straight in horny albumen ; radicle directed to the
hilum. Cotyledons flat, ovate, acute.

Upper Guinea. Sierra del Crystal, Mann !

4. TRIUMFETTA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 234.

Sepals 5, distinct, frequently hooded and provided with a little point at
or near the apex. Petals 5, glandular beneath. Stamens 10-25, inserted
upon a fleshy, lobed, glandular torus. Ovary 2-5-celled with 2 ovules in
each cell. Style filiform ; stigma 5-toothed. Capsule small, globose or ob-
long, echinate or setose, indehiscent Or dividing into 3-6 valves. Seeds 1-2
in each cell, pendulous, albuminous ; embryo straight. Cotyledons flat,
leafy. — Herbs or shrubs more or less covered with stellate hairs. Leaves
serrated, entire or lobed. Flowers yellowish, arranged in close cymes ^\\\\c\\
are placed opposite to the leaves, along the sides or at the ends of the
branches.

A considerable genus, chiefly tropical. The species are, some of them, widely distributed
as weeds in cultivated fields, their bur-like fruits offering facilities for extensive distribution.
The duration of the species as well as the degree of hairiness vary with the situation in
w^hich the plants grow. The form of the leaves is likewise subject to very great variation,
but the characters afforded by the fruits are more constant.

Fruit indehiscent. (Sect. Lappula.)

Stamens 20. Prickles of fruit appressed, covered on all sides with

short white hairs 1. T.flavescens.

Stamens 5. Prickles appressed with a few short white hairs on the

edges aird upper surface only 2. 21 neglecta.

Fruit dehiscent. (Sect. Bartramea.)

Flowering stem leafless or nearly so. Flowers appearing before the
leaves.

Bristles of fruit spine-pointed. Leaves lanceolate 3. T. JFelwitschii.

Bristles of fruit tipped with a tuft of fine hair. Leaves roundish,

lobed A. T. geoides.

Flowers produced at the same time as the leaves and on the same
stems.
Prickles terminating in a thickened, well-marked hook.

Fruit glabrous or uearly so. Prickles glaucous, not dilated at

the base 5. 71 annua.

Fruit downy or villose.

Fruit small with close white down between the prickles . . %. T. rhomboidea.
Fruit large, villose. Prickles shaggy, conical. Flowers nearly

an inch long 1. T. pilosa.

Fruit more or less villose. Prickles shaggy, scarcely dilated

at the base. Flowers less than half an inch long . . . 6. 71 semitrihha.
Prickles of the fruit straight or nearly so at the apex, smooth or
villose at the base.
Prickles simple at the points.

Stem prostrate, creeping 9. T.gleclwmoides.

Stem erect.

Prickles short, broad at the base 12. 71 Ueudelotii.

Prickles long, not broad at the base.

Prickles black. Lower leaves broad \0. T. tomentosa.

Prickles broad. Leaves narrow 11. T. orihacantha.

Prickles with a tuft of fine hairs at the extremity . . . .13. T. setulosa.

Triumfetta.'] xxvii. tiliace.e (masters). 255

Prickles lon^, slender, filiform, covered with long sprtading setae.

Stem trailing. Leaves deeply lobed \%. T. Kirlcii.

Stem erect. Leaves oval, entire \o. T. trichocatya.

1. T. flavescens, ITocJisf. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 82. Sliriibbv. Stern
pilose, studded with black dots. Lower leaves stalked. Stalks as lon;< as
the blades, which are roundish, acute, truncate or cor(hite at the base, irregu-
larly toothed, palmately S-nerved, touientose on both suifaces, es|)eeially the
under. Flowers numerous, in snnall clusters, arran^ced along the sides and
ends of the branches, forming a \o\vr, leafless, raceme-like inflorescence.
Sepals linear or oblong, apiculate. Petals oblong, tapering at the base, half
the length of the sei)als. Stamens 20 or more. Fruit indehisciMit, small,
oblong, covered with greyish down from amid which emerge numerous snudi,
ciliated, hooked prickles. — T. Benguelennis, Wavvra et Peyritsch, Serl. Beu-
guel. 19.

Nile Liand. Abyssinia, 5('^/w;)^ / Soinrha, Sr/iwei f/f art h !

liOwer Guinea. Ben^uela, Wawra avd F^i/ritsch.

"Wawra and Peyritsch's T. Benguelensis is only known to me from the description in the
work above cited. There is, however, little room for doubt that it belongs to the above
species.

2. T, neglecta, Wiglit and Amoti, Prod. Fl. hid. i. 75. Herbaceous,
erect, slightly downy, branched. Leafstalks 1-2 in. long. Leaves subcordate,
roundish, acuminate or slightly 3-5-lobed, lobes acute, serrate, covered with
greyish stelliform hairs on both surfaces. Flowers minute, in lateral, extra-axil-
lary clusters forming elongated racemose cymes. Sepals linear. Petals ob-
long, obtuse. Stamens 5-8. Fruit oblong, 2-3 lines long, iiidehiscent, covered
with appressed hooked bristles which have hairs on their edges only, not over
their whole surface. — T. pentandra, Guill. et Pen. Fl. Seneg. i. 93. t. 19.
T. cuneata, Hochst. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 84.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schhnper.
Occurs also iu various parts of India.

3. T. Welwitschii, Mast. An herbaceous perennial sending up from
a woody stock a immber of herbaceous shoots 1 ;2 ft. in height, j)urplish,
roundish or angidar, smooth or with a few scattered hairs. Stipules persis-
tent, subulate or falciform, longer than the very short petioles, leaves produced
on the same stem as, but subsequently to, the flowers, oblong-lanceolate, Jicute
or obtuse, tapering at the base, nearly entire or serrated, palmately 3-nerv{'d,
slightly pilose above, downy beneath, 1-3 in. long, ^-1 in. wide. Flowers
numerous, in terminal, much-branched, coryud)ose cymes. Petlicels downy,
longer than the flowers. Flower-buds obloug-clavate. Sepals oblong,
hooded, apiculate, longer than the oblong, unguicidate, yellow petals, whose
edges are ciliated below. Stamens numerous (20 25), inserted on an elevated
thickened torus. Styles consolidated, shorter than the stamens. Ripe fruit
the size and form of a small cherry, covered with long, slender, straight,
pinkish setse, which are densely ciliate and tipped by a minute, white, slrai^dit
or slightly curved point.

Lower Guinea. Angola, Br. Wchritsrh.

Mozamb. Distr. Lat. 19° S., Dr. Kirk, near I>ake Nyassa, Dr. Kirk !

_2J)^ XXVII. TiLiACE.i' (masters). [Trivmfetta.

A very distinct and singular species, having, as Dr. Welwitsch remarks, more the habit of
a species of Helichrysum than of a Triamfetta. The leaves, according to Dr. Welwitsch,
are not produced till after the flowers have fallen, hence, perhaps, the reason why in herbaria
leafless specimens are more abundant than those provided with leaves.

4. T. geoides, TFelw. mss. An erect herbaceous plant, giving oif from
the summit of a woody stock numerous flowering and leafy branches about
a foot in height. Leafy shoots appearing after the flowers, cylindriiMl,
clothed with long simple villi. Stipules long, subulate. Leafstalks 1-3 in.
long. Leaves polymorphous, more or less cordate, roundish or angular,
obscurely lobed, sinuous or irregularly crenate and thickened at the maigins,
palmately 5-7-nerved, veins very prominent, smooth or sparingly stellate-
pilose above, covered with close white down beneath ; 2-4 in, long, 1-3 in.
wide. Flowering-shoots similar to the preceding and appearing before the n,
usually leafless and bearing a terminal, many-flowered, much-branched cyme.
Ultimate pedicels shorter than the flowers. FloAver-buds obovoid, obtuse.
Flowers scarcely half an inch long. Sepals violet, oblong, obtuse, downy,
apex inflected. Petals golden-yellow, half the length of the sepals, tapering
to a ciliated stalk. Stamens 20. Disk ciliate, glandular. Fruit globose,
the size of a cherry, 4-valved ; valves densely covered with long, slender,
pink, setose bristles each tipped with a tuft of fine w^hite hairs.

IiOTirer Guinea. Angola, Dr. Wehcitsch !

A very curious and distinct species, when in fruit having much the appearance of a species
of Geum.

5. T. annua, Linn. ; DC. Trod. \. 507. An annual with erect, slightly
pilose stems, 1-2 ft. in height. Leaves generally on very long stalks, ovate,
acuminate, dentate, 3-nerved, smooth or slightly pilose, 4-5 in. long, 2-4 in.
wide. Stipules subulate. Peduncles extra-axillary, 3-flowered, \ in. long.
F'^lowers 2-3 lines long. Petals bright orange, nearly as long as the apicu-
late sepals. Stamens 10. Fruit globose, the size of a pea, smooth, covered
with glaucous hooked prickles, 4-celled, 4-seeded. — T. Schimperi, Hochst.
PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Sc}>impei\ Quartin Billon and Petit ; Unyoro, Speke and
Grant I

Lower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch.

A plant that varies in size, texture, and hairiness according to the locality in which it is
grown. Dr. "Welwitsch's specimens have black dots on the stem and are of a more shrubby
habit ; a hairy Hue is often visible down one side of the stem. In spite of these and other
variations, the species may be readily known by its long leafstalks and fruit smooth between
the prickles.

6. T. semitriloba, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 507. Suffrutescent or
shrubby, pubescent with stellate down or villose, upper surface of the leaves
sometimes nearly glabrous. Branches erect or spreading, covered with a
very tough bark. Lower leaves on long spreading stalks 1-4 in. long,
roundish, subcordate, 3-5 -lobed, lobes acute, central one longest, irregidariy
toothed; 4-6 in. long, 3-4 in. wide ; upper leaves smaller, oblong-lanceolate
or cordate-ovate, acute. Flowers numerous, in close cymose clusters ar-
ranged in long leafy racemes along the sides and ends of the branches.
Flower-buds oblong, apiculate. Sepals 5, oblong, apiculate. Petals oblong,

Triuwfttta.'] xxvii. xruACE^ (masters). 257

bright yellow. Stamens 10-15. Fruit glol)Ose, the size of a Inrge pea, 4-6-
valved ; valves studded with hooked, pilose prickles. — T. angulata. Lam. Diet,
iii. 421. T. cordifolia, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. '\. 92. t. 18. T. longueta,
Guill. et Perr. 1. c. i. 92.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Barter ! Gambia, Boteler ! Lagos, Barter! Abbeo-
kuta, Irving ! Sierra Leone, Heudelotl

Lio^er Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

A widely distributed tropical weed, some of whose varieties api)roach those of T. rhom-
boidea, but have larger fruit. Guillemin and Perrottet's T. longiseta only differs in the
length of the prickles, the 6-valved fruit being, as far as I have seen, an'ciccptional oc-
currence.

7. T. pilosa, i^oM ; DC. Prod. i. 506. Herbaceous or shrubby, 4-5
ft. high, more or less densely covered with yellowish villi. Leaves ou short
villose stalks, roundish or oblong, subcordate, obscurely 3-lobed, lobes
deltoid, acute, irregularly serrate, villose above, densely lomentose below ;
4-5 in. long, 3-4 in. wide. Flowers large, nearly 1 Iw. in length, arranged
in terminal clusters. Sepals linear-oblong, apiculate. Petals half the length
of the sepals, ciliate at the edge of the claw. Stamens 12. Disk lobed,
ciliated at the margins. Fruit globose, the size of a cherry, 4-valved ; valves
villose, studded with numerous long, shaggy, subulate, hooked prickles.

Nile I«and. Abyssinia, Roth !

Itower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

The plant occurs also in India, and is variable in the shape of the leaves and in the degree
of hairiness. De CandoUe erroneously describes it as opetalous, and as having indchiscent
fruit.

8. T. rhomboidea, Jacq. ; DC. Prod. i. 507. Herbaceous or shrubby,
glabrous, villose, stellate-pilose or velvety. Stalks of lower leaves nearly as
long as the blades. Leaves polymorphous, often differing much ou the same
specimen, ovate, cordate or rhomboid at the base, acute or somewhat 3-lobed
at the apex, palmately 3-5-7-nerved', unequally serrate ; the lower serratures
sometimes reflexed and glandular ; surfaces exceedingly variable in regard to
degree of pubescence. Flowers numerous, in cymose clusters along the sides
and ends of the branches. Pedicels short. Flower-buds oblong or some-
what clavate, apiculate. Sepals hispid or downy, oblong, apiculate. Petals
yellow, oblong, tapering at the base. Stamens 10-15. Capsules globose,
the size of a small pea, albido-tcmentose, 3-5-valved ; valves covered with
smooth, hooked, conical prickles. — T. vtlutina, Vahl, Symb. iii. 62. T. glan-
dulosa, Lam. Diet. iii. 421. T. trilocularia, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg.
i. 93. T. Vahlii, Poir. Diet. Suppl. iii. 300. T. mollis, Schum. et Thonn.
PI. Guin. 239. T. Thonningiana, DC. PI. Rar. Gen. 64. ? T. amjulatu.
Hook. f. in *F1. Nigrit. 235, nee Lam. T. trilocularis, Koxb. Fl. Ind., fide
Hook. f. in Fl. Nigrit. 235. T. eriophlebia, Hook. f. Fl. iNigrit. 235.

Widely distributed throughout tropical Africa, whence specimens have been received from
almost every collector. It is also a native of the West Indies, Arabia, East Indie*,
etc. The plant is excessively variable, now apparently an annual, at other times a rigid
branehing undershrub. Leaves of almost every possible size, form, and quality of pubes-
cence, now glabrous or nearly so, pilose, hispid, tonientose, sometimes covered with
cream-coloured tomentum along the nerves of the leaf principally {T. eriophlebia, Hook, f.),
at other times densely covered with thick tomentum. Hence it is not to be wondered at

VOL. I. K

258 XXVII. TILIACE^ (masters). [TriumfeUa.

that many supposed distinct species and varieties have been described. The extensive
series of specimens at Kew, and especially the copious illustrations particularly selected by
Dr. Welwitsch to show the amount of variation, amply suffice to show that these so-called
species merge one into the other, as even on the same plant characters belonging to two or
three of the established varieties may be met with. Dr. Welwitsch's testimony on this
point is emphatic.

The most constant character, and one that runs through almost all the varieties, resides
in the small, globular, whitish-tomentose fruit, which is covered with comparatively stout
hooked bristles ; the white tomentum, however, is not always to be seen on the mature
capsules. One variety is stated to have clove-scented flowers.

9. T. glechomoides, IFelw. mss. A trailing herbaceous plant, giving;
off numerous prostrate, slender, elongated, pilose branches, from a perennial
woody stock. Leafstalks short. Stipules subidate, ciliate. Leaves 1-3 in.
long, 1-H ill- wide, subcordate, ovate, acute, irregularly crenate-serrate, pal-
mately 3-7-nerved, with a few stellate hairs above and sludded with rather
coarse bristles along the nerves, coarsely stellate-pilose beneath. Flowers
numerous, in cymose clusters, placed at the extremities of the branches, in
leafless raceme-like groups. Pedicels shorter than the flowers. Flower-buds
oblong, apiculate. Flowers ^ in. and upwards in length. Sepals linear,
apiculate, violet. Petals oblong, tapering at the base ; the margins ciliate
below, shorter than the sepals. Stamens 10. Fruit globose, the size of a
small pea, 4-valved ; valves glabrous or nearly so, studded with short, stout,
conical, nearly smooth prickles, terminated by a fine -white, bent, scarcely
hooked point.

Iiower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

10. T. tomentosa, Bojer in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xx. 103. A shrub,
more or less densely covered with down, especially so along the petioles^and
under surface of the leaves. Leafstalks 1-2 in. long. Stipules lanceolate.
Leaves cordate or tapering at the base, oblong or ovate, sometimes 3-lobed
at the apex, lobes triangular, irregularly dentate ; 3-5 in. long, 2-3 in. wide.
Flowers numerous, arranged in small clusters opposite the leaves, along the
sides or at the ends of the branches. Pedicels y-1 in. in length. Flower-
buds oblong, obtuse, scarcely apiculate. Sepals oblong. Petals roundish,
stalked, yellow, ciliate at the margins below. Stamens 10, 5 long, 5 short
when in the bud, ultimately equal. Disk lobed, ciliate. Fruit the size of a
cherry, globular, covered with long, straight, black bristles slightly cibate
below. Capsule 4-valved, 4-seeded.

If. .zainb. Distr. Zanzibar, Mombase, Bojer !

A shrub, generally about 5-6 ft. in height, cultivated in Mauritius and found wild also in
Madagascar and in India. It is nearly allied to, if indeed it be not the same plant as T. ovaia,
DC. Prod. i. 567.

11. T, orthacantha, Welic. mss. An erect shrub with spreading pilose
brandies. Leafstalks very short, dilated upwards. Leaves 3-4 in. long, 1-1^
in. wide, lanceolate, irregularly toothed, rough with simple hairs above,
densely stellate-pilose below. Flowers in small extra- axillary clusters along
the sides of the branches, forming an elongated, interrupted, leafless raceme.
Flow^er-buds oblong, apiculate, longer than the pedicels. Flowers less than
■J in. long. Sepals linear-oblong, apiculate. * Petals oblong, shorter than the

Triuwfetta.'] xxvii. tiliace.! (masters). 259

sepals, ciliated below. Stamens 12. Fruit j^lobosc, the size of a pea, 4-
valved; valves densely covered with strai<;ht, setose, brown prickles, ter-
minated by a white, bent, scarcely hooked point.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Niger, Barter !
Lower Guinea. Angola, Br. Weluitsch !

12. T, Heudelotii, Planch, mss. in Herb. Kew. Herbaceous or suf-
frutescent. Stem rough, with black dots, villose. Leaves on short stalks,
oblong, acuminate, irregularly toothed, paimately 3-nerved, obscurely 3-lobed
at the apex, downy beneath. Pedicels longer than the petioles. Flowers
. . . Fruit globose, the size of a large pea, 4-valved, covered wilrli black,
conical, sparingly ciliated prickles, which are tipped with a slender, straight,
white spine or sometimes slightly hooked.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot !

13. T. setulosa. Mast. Annual or suffrutescent, 1-2 ft. high, erect,
covered with rough stellitbrm hairs, branched from the base. Branches elon-
gate ; lower ones decumbent. Leafstalks :^-l in. long. Leaves 2-3 in.
long, 1 in. wide, lanceolate, dentate, paimately 3-nerved, rough, with long
simple hairs above, below densely clothed with white down, interspersed with
short stelliform bristles. Stipules setaceous. Flowers in small extra-axil-
lary clusters, subsessile along the sides of the leafy branches. Flower-buds
oblong. FloW'Crs about \ in. in length. Sepals linear, apiculate. Petals
oblong, tapering at the base. Stamens 12. Disk lobed, ciliated at the
margins. Fruit globose, the size of a large pea, 4-valved ; valves glabrous
or nearly so, studded with long spreading subulate prickles, each terminated
by a tuft of minute white hairs.

liower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

14. T. Kirkii, Mast. An annual plant, with slender, filiform, trail-
ing (?), dichotomously branched stems, covered with thin star-shaped hairs.
Leafstalks as long as the leaves, which are cordate, roundish, \-\\ in. long,
i-1 in. wide, deeply divided into 3-5 lobes; the latter are oblong, obtuse,
crenate, hairy on both surfaces. Flower-stalks terminal, extra-axillary, as
long as or longer than the leafstalks, dividing above into 2 or 3 short pe-
dicels. Fruit globular, of the size of a small cherry, densely clothed with long,
slender, straight-pointed, ciliate setae. Fruit 6-celled, 6-seeded.

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma river, Br. Kirk!

From the dried specimens this would appear to be a trailing plant, whose annual branches
spring probably from a woody stock. It is distinguished by its leaves and its fruits.

1 5. T. trichocarpa, Hochst. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 84. Annual, with a
simple or slightly-branched stem, traversed by a line of hairs along one side.
Leaves thin, 2-4 in. long, 1-3 in. wide, oval or elliptic, coarsely serrate, 3-5-
nerved, slightly hairy. Leafstalks as long as the blades. Pedicels 3-flowered
extra-axillary or terminal. Flowers minute. Sepals oblong, twice the length
of the spatiiulate petals. Stamens 10-12. Fruit globose, the size of a
small cherry, as long as or longer than the pedicels, covered with numerous,
soft, ciliate, hooked setae.

260 XXVII. TiLiACE-E (masters). \Tnumfdta.

Nile Ziand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

This species has the precedence over one described under the same name, by Sender, in
the Linnsea, which, however, is different from the present one.

In addition to the above, Garcke in Pet. Mossamb. Bot. p. 134, cites, doubtfully, T. an-
gulata, Lam. Diet. iii. 421, as a native of Querimba, but he properly adds that Lamarck's
diagnosis is quite insuflScient to determine the plant intended.

5. HONCKENYA, Willd. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 235.

Calyx of 4-5 sepals. Petals 4-5, glandless at the base. Stamens oo,
free, inserted on a contracted torus ; the outer ones numerous, filiform,
antherless ; the inner 8-10, bearing linear 2-celled anthers; cells distinct.
Ovary 4-8-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell. Style filiform ; stigma
denticulate. Capsule oblong, loculicidally 4-8-valved ; valves covered with
prickles, transversely septate in the interior. Seeds numerous, horizontal,
obovoid, compressed ; albumen fleshy. Cotyledons flat, thick. — A tree, co-
vered with stellate pubescence. Leaves lobed. Flowers large, showy, in
terminal racemes.

A genus, consisting, so far as is at present known, of a single tropical W. African species.

1. H. ficifolia, TFilld. ; DC. Prod. i. 506. A shrub, with pui-plish
branches, covered with fulvous stelliform hairs. Stipules leafy, subulate-
lanceolate. Leafstalks shorter thfin the leaves, which are cordate, roundish
or oblong, usually more or less deeply 3-7-lobed ; lobes rather obtuse,
toothed, stellately pilose above, densely tomentose below ; central one longest.
Flowers large, showy, and numerous, arranged in terminal racemose cymes,
each subtended by an oblong-lanceolate bract and supported on a densely
tomentose, jointed pedicel. Sepals 3-5, oblong, tomentose, glandular at the
tip, 1 in. or more in length. Petals roundish, stalked, violet, 1-2 in. long.
Stamens indefinite, slightly coherent below, 12 longer than the rest and bear-
ing elongate 2-fid anthers, the remainder sterile, filiform, half the length of the
petals. Ovary 4-8-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell. Style filiform,
1-2 in. long. Stigmas recurved. Capsule 1-2 in. or more in length, ob-
long, obtuse, loculicidally 4-valved ; valves slightly tomentose, covered with
numerous, spreading, ciliated bristles, each terminated by a small white, bent,
deciduous point. — CLappertonia Jicifolia, Decaisne in Deless. Ic. v. t. i.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Jfzelius ! Bon ! Senegambia, Heudelot ! Nupe,
Barter ! Bassa, Vogel ! Camaroous river, Mann !

Liower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

A very handsome-flowered shrub ; the leaves of which appear to be variable in form.

A specimen in the British Museum, from Afzelius, may possibly belong to a second
species, or more probably it is only a variety of the above, it has small whip-like branches,
leaves not exceeding 1 in. in length, and oblong fruit 1-H in. long.

6. SPARMANNIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 235.

Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4, naked at the base (not glandular). Stamens
oo, free, ou a short torus ; outer cues moniliform ; sterile inner ones bearing

SparmaTDna.'] xxvii. tiliaceje (masters).

261

ovoid or roundish antliers. Ovary more or less 4-celled, with numerous ovules
in each ceU. Style simple. Stigma denticulate. Capsule globose loculici-
dally 4.valved ; valves covered with rigid prickles. Seeds nuuierous, obovoid.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo folded or nearly straight. Cotyledons cordate
roundish, flat.— A shrub, more or less pubescent or villose. Leaves palmatelv
lobed. Flowers in terminal umbels, surrounded at the base by small bracts.
Flowers conspicuous, white.

The only tropical African species is from Abyssinia : the other two members of the eenut
are both S. African.

1. S. abyssinica, Hochst. in Rick. Fl. Abyss, i. 79. /. 20 A shrub,
whose branches are sparingly covered with slender villi, interspersed among
scanty stelliform hairs. Stipules linear-lanceolate, very acute. Petioles
shorter than the leaves, which are 2-5 in. long, 2-3 in. wide, cordate pal-
mately 3-5 -lobed, central lobe much longest, all covered on both surfaces
with shaggy villi, inciso-dentate at the margins. Umbels stalked, 8-12-
rayed, opposite the leaves. Involucre of 3-6 lanceolate bracts, sometimes
more or less coherent. Flower-buds obovoid. Flowers nearly 1 in. in length.
Sepals lanceolate, villose, longer than the somewhat stalkedi roundish, pale,
violet-coloured petals. Capsule 1 in. or more in length, equalling the pedicel,
oblong, obtuse, loculicidally 4-valved ; valves downy, studded with straight
stellately pilose bristles.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper 1 Dillon and Petit ! Roth !

This species, not known out of Abyssinia, seems to be in some respects iatermediate be-
tween the two S. African species S. africana and S. palmata.

7. COKCHORUS, Linn. ; Benth. at Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 235.

Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 glandless petals. Stamens in-
definite or rarely twice the number of the sepals, free, inserted on a contracted
torus. Ovary 2-5-celled. Style short. Stigma somewhat cup-shaped.
Capsule elongated, slender or subglobose, smooth or prickly, loculicidally
2-5-valved, internally sometimes transversely septate. Seeds numerous, pen-
dulous or horizontal, albuminous. Embryo generally curved. Cotyledons
leafy. — Herbs or undershrubs, more or less covered with stelliform pubescence.
Leaves serrated. Flowerstalks very thick, short, axillary or opposite to the
leaves, 1-2-flowered, bracteate. Flowers small, yellow

A genus, comprising nearly 40 species, widely diffused through the tropica, a few being
peculiar to Australia and tropical America.

Aunuals or biennials, glabrous or slightly pilose.

Capsules 3-6-valved, 3-6-celled, beaked ; beak erect, simple.
Pods slender, more than 1 in. in length.

Beak long ^- C. olitoriiu.

Beak short 2. C. tritocularis.

Pods slender, rarely exceeding 1 in. in length.

Pods on very long slender stalks 3. C iKnt^ipfduncuIatus.

Pods on short stalks.

Pods muricate . -*• C- muncaiuj

Pods smooth or pilose, not muricate.

262 XXVII. TiLiACE^ (masters). \_Corchorus.

Stem herbaceous, erect 5. C urticifolius.

Stem prostrate.

leaves oblong, 1-2 in. long 6. C.fascicularis.

Leaves roundish, very small 1. C. Aniichorus.

Capsule 3-0-valved, beaked. Beak divided, spreading hori-
zontally.

Capsule short, stout, winged . . 8. C acutangulus.

Capsule long, slender, wingless 9. C tridens.

Shrubby toraentose 10. C. hirsutus.

1. C. olitorius, iz««. ; DC. Prod. i. 405. Annual or suffrutesceiit,
with erect, branching, nearly glabrous stem. Leafstalks 1-2 in. long, pilose.
Stipules setaceous, half the length of the petioles. Leaves 2-4 in. long, 1-2
in. wide, ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 -nerved, smooth, serrate ; the two lowermost
serratures prolonged into long setaceous appendages. Pedicels 2-3-flowered,
erect, shorter than the petioles. Sepals sharply pointed, shorter than the
spathulate yellow petals. Pod cylindrical, appressed, straight or slightly
curved, 1-3 in. long, 10-ribbed, 5-valved, each valve ending in a long point,
the whole forming a long, straight, undivided beak to the fruit ; inner sur-
face of the valves transversely septate and pitted to receive the numerous
blackish seeds. — G. longicarpus^ Don, Gen. Syst. i. 543. C. lanceolatus,
Don, 1. c.

Wild, or cultivated as a potherb in every part of tropical Africa, and also widely diffused
throughout the tropics, extending even into Austraha. It varies considerably in stature,
form of leaf, hairiuess, etc. The valuable fibre, known as Jute, is derived from this and
allied species.

2. C. trilocularis, Linn.; DC. Frod. i. 504. Annual or sometimes
perennial (?), with numerous, erect or decumbent, purplish, smooth or pilose,
branching stems. Leaves elliptic, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long,
^1 in. wide, crenate-serrate, either with or without basal lobes. Petioles
very short, pilose. Stipules setaceous. Pedicels very short, 2-3-flovvered.
Petals spathulate, bright yellow. Pods 2-3 in. long, erect, straight or curved,
slender, 3-4-angled, 3-4-valved ; valves scabrous, deeply pitted on the inner
surface and ending in a short straight point. Seeds numerous. — C. fruticu-
losus, Visiani ex Walp. Rep. i. 354. C. serrcsfolius, DC. Prod. i. 504. C.
triflorus, Bojer, ex Walp. liep. v. 117.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Dillon and Petit ! Unyoro, Speke and Grant !

Ijower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

South Central, Baines !

Mozaxnb. Distr. Senna, Zambesi, Peters !

3. C. lon^pedunculatus, Jfa5^. An annual, 1-2 ft. high, giving
off, from near the base of the stem, numerous, elongated, slender, decumbent
or erect, nearly smooth branches. Leafstalks very slender, \ in. in length.
Stipules subulate, setaceous, shorter than the leafstalk. Leaves 1-3 in. long,
\-\ in. wide, linear, acute, at both ends, 1-costate, dentijculate. PediceTs
hair-like, nearly as long as the leaves to which they are opposite, 1-3-
flowered. Sepals subulate, setaceous. Petals spathulate below. Pod erect,
1-2 in. long, straight, linear, triquetrous, beaked, tapering at the base, 3-

Corchorns.'] xxvit. TiLiACE.fi (masters). 263

valved ; valves smooth outside, pitted on the inner surfiice. acuminate.
Seeds numerous.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, opposite Senna, and lat. 14-19° S., T)r. Kirk!
The very long slender peduncles and the pods tapering below, suffice to diutiDguish this
species.

4. C. muricatus, HocJnt. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 81 {nee Schum. et
Thonn.). An annual, with erect branchinj]^ stem, marked on one side by a
line of white hairs. Leaves on short pilose stalks, 1-2 in. long, :J -^ in. wide,
lanceolate, obtuse at the base and apex, 3-nerved, slightly pilose, serrate at
the margins. Stipules linear, very acute. I'lowers very small, single or
in pairs on short extra-axillary stalks. Capsules short, 1 in. long, slender,
curved or erect, 3-sided ; angles muricate, 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves obtuse
or scarcely beaked.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

5. C. urticifolius, Wight et Am. Prod. FL Pen. Ind. i. 73. An
erect, slightly branched annual, about a foot in height, more or less pilose.
Leaves submembranous, stalked, cordate, oval or elliptic, acute, st^rate, smooth
or slightly pilose. Stipules linear, setaceous. Peduncles 2-3-tl()werfd, extra-
axillary. Capsules terete or slightly 3-sidec!, pilose, beaked, 1 in. or more in
length, 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves slightly pilose, acuminate, transversely sep-
tate in the interior. Seeds numerous. — C. quinquenervis, Hochst. in Kich.
Fl. Abyss, i. 8L

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

This plant is also a native of India, and is closely allied to C. trilocularis, from which it
differs principally in the pod, which is much shorter than in that species.

6. C. fasciculariSy DC. Prod. i. 505. Annual or sometimes perennial,
with procumbent or ascending subglabrous branches, about 1 ft. in length.
Leaves on short stalks, oblong or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, ^-^ in. wide, 3-
costate, subglabrous, serrated. Peduncles extra-axillary, 2-5-flowered. Se-
pals 1 line long. Stamens 5-10. Capsules nearly cylindrical, shortly
beaked, i-| in. long, straight or curved, subpubescent, 3-celled, 3-valved ;
valves acuminate, smooth or slightly pilose outside, scarcely septate within.
— C. brachycarpos, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 89.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot I Perrotlet !

Nile Liand. Sennar, Kotschy !

Lower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Mozamb. Distr.^ Dr. Kirk !

Occurs also in Bengal and Australia.

7. C. Antichorus, Ro'uschel, Nomen. But. ed. iii. 158. A woody per-
ennial with a thick woodv stork, from whose summit radiate thick, tortuous,
intricately divided, prostrate branches, 6-7 in. long. Leaves small, ii in.
long, shortlv petiolate, roundish, plicate-crenate, serrate, palmately 3-nerved,
sliohtly'tom'entose. Flowers solitary or in pairs, on short stout pedicels.
Capsules long (1-H in.), slender, siJiquiforra, straight or deflexed, luakcd at
the apex, ^-y^X^^^.— Antichorus depressus, Linn. Mant. ex DC. Prod. i. 504.
Corchorus microphylliis, Fresen. in Mus. Scnck. ii. 156.

26J- XXVII. TiLiACKiE (masters). \_Corchorus.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Nubia, Kordofan, Sennar, Kotschy ! lat. 16° N., Speke and
Grant !

Iiower Guinea. Aneola, Dr. Welwitsck !

A very characteristic plant of the dry arid soils in which it grows. Specimens exist in
the herbarium from Scinde, Aden, Arabia, Muscat, Northern Africa, the Cape Verde Is-
lands, etc. Its pods at first sight might readily be mistaken for those of an Epilobiurri.

8. C. acutangulus Lam.; DC. Prod. i. 505. Annual or peren-
nial with an erect or prostrate, branching, pilose stem. Leafstalks pilose,
.al)0ut an inch in length. Stipules subulate, setaceous. Leaves 1-3. in. long,
■|-1|- in. wide, ovate acute or oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base, serrate,

2 basal serratures sometimes prolonged into long setaceous lobes, 3-nerved ;
nerves often pilose. Pedicels opposite the leaves or axillary, 2-3-fiowered,
very short. Flowers frequently apetalous. Capsules erect, 1-1^ in. long,
prismatic, straight, glabrous, provided with 3 membranous wings and ter-
minating in 3-5 horizontal entire or 2-fid points. Inner surface of valves
scarcely pitted. Seeds numerous. — C. polygonus, Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin.
245. C. procumhens, Boj. ex Walp. Rep. v. 117. 0. alatus, Don, Gen.
Syst. i. 542. C. muricatus, Schum. et Thonn. PL Guin. 246.

Widely distpibuted throughout the whole of tropical Africa and found also in the East
and West Indies and Australia. It is variable in habit, foliage, etc. Some of Dr. Wel-
witsch's specimens are remarkable for the variable number of petals, in some cases even the
petals are entirely absent. Dr. Welwitsch states that he has found on the same specimen
variations of this nature.

9. C. tridens, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 505. An annual with an erect or
prostrate, pilose or smooth, branching ^tem. Leafstalks |-1 in. long,
pilose. Stipules setaceous. Leaves 1-3 in. long, 1 in. wide, oblong-acuini-
nate or linear, serrate, with or without basal appendages. Peduncles 1-3-
flowered. Pods erect, slender, straight or curved, cylindrical, smooth or
striated, 1-2 in. long, 2-3-valved ; valves scarcely pitted on the inner sur-
face and terminating in a horizontal point, so that the fruit is terminated by

3 short spreading horns. Seeds numerous. — C. angustifulius, Schum. et
Thonn. PL Guin. 244.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet ! Niger, Barter !
Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !
laower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsck !

Mozamb. Distr. Tette, Dr. Kirk ! ATozambique and Zambesi, Peters !
Found also in India and Australia.

Variable in habit and foliage. The young tops, according to Dr. Welwitsch, are cooked
with Palm-oil and used as Spinach by the natives.

10. C. hirsutus, 'Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 505. An erect branching under-
shrub, 2-3 ft. high, covered with soft stelliform pubescence. Leaves on
short stalks, subcordate oval oblong or lanceolate, frequently obtuse, rather
thick, plicate when young, rugose, scabrous above, tomentose below, 2-3 in.
long, -^-1 in. wide. Peduncles by the side of the leafstalks and nearly of
the same length, bearing 2-6 or more very short clustered, pedicels. Flower-
buds oblong, apiculate. Calyx tomentose, villose, 2-3 lines long. Sepals
setaceous. Petals narrow, yellow. Stamens co, on a short torus. Ovary
4-celled. Capsule slender, f-1 in. long, tuberculate; tubercles covered with

Corchorus^ xxvii. TiLiACEiB (masters). 2G5

stelliform pubescence, 2-4-celled, 2-4-valve(l ; valves trnnsversely septate on
the inner surface and terminated by a short straight beak. Seeds numerous.
C. sidoides, F. Muell. Frag. iii. 9 •/ Benth. Fl. Aust. i. 27 S.

Mozamb. Distr. Tctte, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

A very distinct species, found in the West Indies, near the coast, also in Australia.

8. ANCISTROCAKPUS, Oliver; Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. l?.*^ ; Benth.
et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 986.

Sepals 4, distinct. Petals 4, shorter than the sepals, ^landless at the base.
Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, all fertile, united into 4 phalanges opposite
to the petals. Anthers linear. Ovary more or less 6-celled ; ovules nu-
merous in each cell, more or less parietal in their attachment owing to the
imperfection of the dissepiments. Style elongated, simple, slender ; stigma
obtuse. Fruit globose, coriaceous, loculicidally 3-valved (?) ; valves covered
with prickles. Seeds numerous. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves smooth,
oblong, entire. Flowers white, in lateral or terminal umbellate cymes.

The only species of this genns at present known are from "Western tropical Africa.
Fruit an inch or more in diameter, covered with long hooked spines . 1. A. deruispinotuj.
Fruit less than an inch in diameter. Spines short straight or scarcely

hooked 2. J. brevispinosut.

1. A. densispinosuS) Oliv. ; Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 174. A small
tree, 15 ft. in height. Leaves on short stalks, oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, denticulate, unicostate, arcuate-venose, smooth or slightly stellate-
tomentose, especially along the nerves, 6-8 in. long, 2-3 in. wide. Cymes
terminal, many-flowered ; pedicels 4-6 lines long. Flowers white or yellow,
1-1:^ in. diam. Sepals linear, longer than the petals. Filaments monadel-
phous bejow, dividing above into 4 bundles, filaments all antheriferous,
equalling the petals. Style filiform, longer than the stamens ; stigmas ob-
tuse. Ovary hirsute, 6-celled ; cells many-ovuled. Fruit globose, the size
of a walnut, densely covered with long, stout, hooked, ciliated prickles.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, Mann ! Niger, Barter !

2. A. brevispinosus, Oliv. I.e. Shrub or small tree. Leafstalks \-\
in. long. Leaves subcordate, oblong-acuminate, 3-4 in. long, 2 in. wide,
denticulate, 3-costate, arcuate-venose, glabrous or slightly stellate-pilose
along the nerves. Stipules subulate, covered with rusty tomentum. deci-
duous. Sepals 4, linear. Petals 4, ovate, undulate. Styles consolidated.
Fruit globose, the size of a small chestnut, coriaceous, covered with short
straight spines.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !

9. DUBOSCIA, Bocquillon in Adansonia, vii. 50 ; Brnth. et Hook. f.
Gen. PI. i. 085.

Flowers within an involucre of 3 valvate bracts. Flowers regular, her-
maphrodite. Calyx of 5 valvate, oblong sepals. Petals 5, thick, subulate.
Stamens indefinite, all fertile, springing from a thick, fleshy, villosc disk ;

266 XXVII. TiLiACEiE (masters). [Duboscia.

inner filaments longest. Anthers adnate, subglobose, bilocular, dehiscing
longitudinally. Ovary villose, 8-celled. Style as long as or longer than the
stamens ; stigma fimbriate. Ovules numerous, anatropal, attached in two
rows to the inner angle of each cell of the ovary. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds
numerous, imbedded in fibrous tissue. — Tree with alternate entire leaves.
Stipules entire. Inflorescence in axillary cymes. Flowers involucrate.

1. D. macrocarpa, Bocquillon in Adansonia, vii. 50. A tree, 30 ft. in
height. Branches smooth, purplish; younger ones stellately pilose. Leaf-
stalks \-^ in. Stipules subulate. Leaves obliquely subcordate, oblong,
acuminate, denticulate, 3-costate, arcuate-venose," smooth above, whitisli-
tomentose beneath, with stelliform hairs along the nerves. Cymes niany-
fiowered, on stout peduncles opposite the leaves ; pedicels short. Involucral
bracts 3, broadly ovate, acute, foliaceous, imbricate, enclosing 3 flowers.
Flower-buds oblong. Sepals oblong, downy, scarcely hooded. Petals very
small, subulate, thick. Stamens indefinite, all fertile, free, inserted within a
lobed, villose, fleshy disk. Anthers subglobose. Ovary oblong, villose, 7-8-
celled. Style cylindrical, as long as the stamens ; stigma notched. Ovules
numerous, attached in two rows to the inner angle of each cell of the ovary.
Fruit 2-3 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, oblong, obtuse, 8-angular, deeply furrowed,
downy externally ; mesocarp fibrous. Seeds. ...

Upper Guinea.- Muni river, lat. 1° N., Mann !

10. DESPLATZIA, Bocquillon in Adansonia, vii. 51 ; Benth. et Hook. f.

Gen. PL i. 985.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, pentamerous. Sepals valvate or indu pli-
cate. Petals 5, unguiculate ; unguis glandular. Stamens. indefinite, mona-
delphous at tbe base. Anthers didymous, subglobose, dehiscing longitudi-
nally. Ovary villose, 5-lobed. Style cylindrical. Stigma fringed. Ovules
numerous, anatropal, attached in two rows to the inner angle of each cell of
the ovary. Fruit large, oblong, indehiscent, externally coriaceous, fibrous
within. Seeds winged, imbedded in fibrous tissue. — A tree with entire
leaves and palmatifid stipules ; the flowers are exinvolucrate in axillary cymes,

1. D. subericarpa, Bocquillon, I.e. A small tree, with puberulous,
spreading branches. Leafstalks 1 in. long. Leaves obliquely subcordate,
oblong-acuminate, spinulose-dentate, 3-nerved, arcuate-veined or nearly
parallel- veined, smooth or puberulous along the nerves, 4-6 in. long, 2-3
in. wide. Stipules deeply divided into 5-6 linear, ciliated lobes, half the
length of the petiole. Flowers numerous in axillary and terminal cymes ;
pedicels puberulous; bractlets stipuliform. Flower-buds oblong obtuse.
Sepals obloug, hooded, downy externally ; margins induplicate, petaloid,
undulated. Petals one-fourth the length of the sepals, oblong-obovate,
slightly glandular beneath, ciliated at the base externally. Stamens inde-
finite, united below into a membranous tube surrounding the ovary. Ovary
oblong, villose, 4-5-celled, surmounted by a cylindrical style as long as the
stamens. Stigma fimbriate. Ovules numerous, attached in two vertical

Vesplatzia.'] xxvii. tiliacee (masters). Sfi?

rows to the inner angle of each cell of the ovary. Fruit oblong, ohtiise, 3-4
in. long, 2-3 in. wide, indehiscent, coriaceous, l)r()\vnish and smooth ex-
ternally, witli a thick fibrous mesocarp. Seeds numerous, oblon^', winged.
Upper Guinea. Gaboon, Mann ! River Muni, Mann I

11. GLYPHJEA, Hook, f . ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 237.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, glandless. Stamens numerous, all fertile. Anthrri
linear, adnata, 2-celled, dehiscing by terminal pores and surmounted by a
small crest prolonged from the connective. Ovary S-lO-celled, with numerous
ovules in each cell. Style short. Stigma obtuse. Fruit oblong, fusiform,
sulcate, indehiscent ; mesocarp fibrous ; endocarp pitted to receive the nu-
merous roundish, compressed seeds. Albumen fleshy ; cotyledons cordate,
roundish. — Shrubs. Leaves oblong, finely toothed.* Cymes terminal or
lateral. Flowers conspicuous, yellow.

A genus, confined, so far as is at present known, to tropical Atrica.
Leaves thin, slightly pilose.

Fruiting pedicels slender 1. G. prewioides.

Leaves thick, toinentose.

Fruiting pedicels thick, woody 2. Q. tomentosa.

1. G. grewioides, Hook.f. Fl. Nigrit. p. 238. t. 22. A loosely-branch-
ing, slightly pilose shrub, 8-12 ft. high. Branches sometimes sarmentose.
Leafstalks 1-1 1- in. long. Leaves thin, subcordate, ovate or oblong, acumi-
nate, irregularly toothed, 3-nerved, smooth above, sparingly stellate-pilose
below. Flowers in terminal cymes. Pedicels longer than the flowers, the
latter f-lj in. diam. Sepals oblong, downy. Petals obtuse, bright yellow.
Anthers entire or sometimes with 2 basal points. Fruitstalk 1-2 in. long,
slender. Fruit oblong acute or fusiform, sulcate, coriaceous, 1-2 in. long,
T in. diam. — Grewia lateriflora, Don, Gen. Syst. i. p. 549. Glyphea
Monteiroi, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5610.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vogel ! Mann ! Sierra Leone, Bartt'r !
Iiower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch I

Very variable as to the size and shape of the leaves and also as to the size of the flowers.

The presence of two small processes at the base of the anther-lobes, relied on to distin-
guish Q. Monteiroi, is too inconstant for specific purposes, the divergence of the lower
ends of the anther-lobes being probably dependent on order of development, etc. At any
rate, on the same specimen and in the same flower, stamens may be seen in which the
anthers are 2-apiculate, and others iu which they are confluent with the filament. The size
of the flowers is so variable as to form no distinctive character. Dr. Welwit«ch 8tat« that
the shrub flowers two or three times in each year.

2. G. tomentosa^ Mad. A shrub ; young shoots densely covered with
rusty stellate toraentum. Leafstalks about an inch in loiiglh. Stipules
subulate. Leaves subcoriaceous, slightly oblique at the base, oblong, acu-
minate, irregularly dentate, S-costate, villose above, stellate-tomentose below,
2-4 in. long, 1-2 in. wide. Flowers large, showy, 1-2 iu. across, arranged
iu terminal many-flowered cymes. Sepals linear-oblong. Anthers slightly

268 XXVII. TiLiACE^ (masters). \_Glyphcea.

2-apiculate at the base. Fruitinp^ pedicels thick, woody, as long as the ob-
long, fusiform, deeply sulcate fruit, which is 2-3 in. long, f in. in diam.

Mozamb. Distr. Shupanga, Dr. Meller ! Moramballa, Waller !
Differs from G. gretoioides in being more tomentose, having , larger flowers and much
thicker fruiting pedicels.

Order XXYIII. LINE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, usually pentamerous. Sepals 4-5, free or
connate below, generally imbricate. Petals as many, imbricate, often contorted,
fugacious or rigid and persistent. Stamens 5 with or Without intervening
staminodia, or 10, united at the base in a tube or ring (4 in Radiola) ; anthers
2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, unappendaged. Ovary free, 3-5-celled.
Ovules solitary or geminate, pendulous. Styles 3-5, free or more or less
connate. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing septicidally, or diiipaceous, l-severtd-
seeded. Seeds with or without albumen. — Herbs shrubs or trees, usually
glabrous. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple, entire or nearly so.
Stipules lateral, intrapetiolar, or 0.

A rather small but widely-dispersed Family ; the woody species affecting tro])ical couu-
tries. Two of the following genera are endemic.

Flowers 4-merou3 (minute). Sepals 3-dentate. {Low herb) ... 1. Radiol a.
Flowers 5-merous. Petals contorted, unappendaged, fugacious.

Stamens 5. Fruit a capsule. {Herbs) 2. LiNUM.

Stamens 10. Fruit a drupe. {Climbers) . . S. Hugonia.

Flowers 5-merou3. Petals contorted, uuappeudaged, more or less

rigid, persistent. {Shrubs or trees) 4. Phyllocosmus.

Leaves alternate. Petals imbricate, with trausverse appendix on the

inner face. {Shrubs or trees) 5. Erythroxylon.

Leaves opposite. Petals narrow-oval, with thickened costa. {Shrub). 6. Aneulophus.

1. RADIOLA, Gmel. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 242.

Flowers minute. Sepals 4, 3-dentate or 3-fid, connate below. Petals 4,
about equal to tlie sepals. Stamens 4, with or without intermediate teeth.
Ovary 4-celled, each cell spuriously 2-locular. Styles 4, very short. — An
erect annual herb of 1-3 in., repeatedly forked, Leaves opposite, exstipulate.
Flowers in dichotomous cymose panicles.

A genus of a solitary species, widely spread in central and southern Europe, extending
into temperate Asia, with outlying stations in the Atlantic islands and ou the Camaroons
mountain in W. tropical Africa.

1. R. Mille^ana, Sm. Engl. Bot, 893. Leaves ovate or elliptical,
rather acute, tV~tV ^'^- ^^ng. Flowers very numerous from the forks of the
slender branches, on slender erect pedicels ; the upper often in a crowded
corymbose cyme. — R. linioides, Gmel. ; DC. Prod. i. 428;

Upper Ghxinea. Camaroons mountain, 7000 ft., Mann !

Corresponds with the common European form as remarked by Dr. Hooker (Journ. Linn.
Soc. vii. 184).

XXVIII. LINE^ (OLIVER). 2G9

2. LINUM, Linn. ; Benth. et Tlook. f. Gen. PI. i. 242.

Sepals 5, entire. Petals 5, contorted in ?estivution, fuj^acious. Stamens
5, alternate with the petals, hypo<^ynous, usually connate at the base, with .'>
alternating setiform or tooth-like staminodia. Ovary 5-celU'd, with 2 ovules
in each cell ; each cell more or less deeply divided vertically by a spurious
dissepiment so that the ovary appears 10-celled. Styles 5. Stij^mas capitate,
oblong or linear. Capsule separating septicidally into 5 2-seeded half-septate
valves or into 10 1-seeded valves. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually alter-
nate, narrow, entire, glabrous, scabrid or pubescent. Flowers in corymbose
cymes or cymose racemes or fascicles, usually blue or yellow, more rarely
red or white.

A rather large and widely-spread genus of temperate and subtropical countries. Neither
of the African species are endemic.

Flowers blue. Sepals eglaudulose. Stignoas linear-clavate . . . *1. L. usitatUsimum.
Flowers yellow. Sepals with marginal capitate glands. Stigraaa
capitate.
Leaves and sepals scabrid, at least on the margin. Sepals much

exceeding the capsule 2. Z. strictum.

Glabrous. Sepals about equalling the capsule 3. Z. gallicum^ var.

1.* L. usitatissimum, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 426.

Cultivated. I have seen specimens only from Abyssinia, Angola, and the mouth of the
Zambesi. In tropical countries it is chiefly grown for the sake of its seeds, which are eaten,
and afford a valuable oil (Linseed oil); in temperate climates for its fibre (Flax).

2. L. strictum, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 424. An erect herb, with as-
cending branches. Leaves linear, l-nerved, scabrid on the margin and often
on the under surface. Flowers yellow, small, in cymose corymbs, loosely
forking Qr more usually rather closely fascicled. Sepals with an elongate
green acumen from an ovate base, considerably exceeding the capsule, more
or less scabrid-hispid ; marginal capitate glands few. Stigmas capitate. —
L ahy.ssinicum, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss, n. 70. L. corymbulosum,
Reichb. ; Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss, n. 190L

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Extends from the Canaries through the Mediterranean region to N.W. India.

3. L. gallicum, X., var. abyssinicum. Planch, in J.ond. Journ. But.
vii. 479. A slender erect annual. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, agite,
glabrous. Cymes loosely forking, paniculate. Flowers yellow. Sepals
lanceolate, acuminate, with marginal glands, scarcely exceeding the capsule.
Stigmas capitate. — L. abyssinicum, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss, n. 1107.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

With a distribution similar to that of L. strictum, though perhaps not extending so far
eastward.

. L. mysorense, Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub t. 1326, agrees generally with the Abyssinian
plant, in which the lateral nervures of the leaves appear to be moic marked than in the
usual form of L. gallicum, but the sepals appear different.

270 XXVIII. LINE^ (OLIVER).

3. HUGONIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 243.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, contorted, fugacious, often with a minute claw. Sta-
mens 10, monadelphous. Ovary 5-celled. Ovules geminate and collateral
or solitary, pendulous or affixed a little below their apex. Styles 5, tree.
Stigmas dilated or cupulate-capitate. Fruit drupaceous, with a 5-celled (or
fewer by abortion) putamen. — Climbing shrubs, often provided with hooked
cirrhi. Leaves alternate, penniveined. Stipules entire or pinnatipartite.
Flowers yellow, in axillary fascicles or terminal, spicate or paniculate.

A small genus, nearly confined to tropical Africa, India, and the intervening islands. The
following species appear to be all endemic, and confined to the west of the continent.
Mature leaves densely hoary-tomentose beneath.

Flowers spicate or paniculate. Ovary hirsute 1. H. spicata.

Flowers axillary. Ovary glabrous 2. H. Afzelii.

Leaves 1 ft., narrowed below, hirsute on veins beneath. Ovules

solitary S. H. macrojjhylla.

Leaves under 8 in., at length nearly or entirely glabrous.

Young leaves with deciduous tomentum above and below. Sepals

obtuse; inner obovate or rotundate 4. H.foliosa.

Leaves usually rounded, at the base, obsoletely puberulous and
dull above, sparsely pubescent beneath. Sepals from ovate-
lanceolate to ovate ; inner obtuse 5. H. anyolensis.

Leaves narrowed to the base, glabrous, except midrib. Sepals

ovate-lanceolate 6. i/". Planchoni.

Leaves shining above. Inner sepals obcordate, apiculate ; outer

with revolute margins 1. H. platysepala.

1. H, ^picata^ Oliv. An extensive climber. Extremities about as
thick as a goose-quill, shortly tomentose-pubescent or puberulous at first.
Leaves very coriaceous, oblong-elliptical or ovate-oblong, obtuse or acute,
rounded and sometimes narrowly subcordate at the base, broadly crenate- or
undulate-serrulate, dull or glaucescent and glabrous above, with reticulations
perceptible to the touch when dry, softly and densely hoary-tomentose be-
neath, 5-8 in. long, 2-3^ in. broad ; petioles \-\ in. Stipules pinnati-
partite, deciduous. Flowers in erect, terminal and axillary, simple spikes
2-4 in. long, or branched below and somewhat panicled 2 or 3 together in
the axils of pectinate bracts. Sepals ovate, tomentose externally. Petals
oblong, obtuse, abruptly clawed. Ovary densely hirsute ; styles glabrous
above. Fruit globose, glabrous.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

2. H. Afzelii, R. Br. ; Planch, in Lond. Jovrn. Bot. vii. 525. Branches
hoary-tomentose. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong or -elliptical, shortly acumi-
nate, rather remotely serralate or denticulate-serrate, at first with a deciduous
tomentum above, soon glabrous and shining, white or pale-tomentose be-
neath ; lateral veins with numerous, transverse, parallel veinlets, 3y-6 in.
long, 1^-1^ in. broad; petiole about \ in. Stipules pinnatipartite or sub-
palmntifid ; segments subulate. Flowers in axillary subsesjsile fascicles, more
rarely pedunculate, shortly and closely racemose. Outer sepals ovate,
densely siiky-tomentose where exposed. Petals spreading or recurved, obo-
vate or obovate-cuneate. Ovary glabrous. Ovules pendulous, in pairs. Fruit
not seen.

IIiKjonia.'] XXVIII. line^ (oliveu). 271

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzellns !

Var. melanocaJifx (Welw.). Leaves usually more rouiidcJ at the ba^e. Outer w.-imIi
clothed with a dark silky tomentum.

Lower Guinea. Puugo Audongo, Angola, Dr. Wehcitsch !

The geminate ovules are so closely applied side by side in eaih cell of the ovary aA to be
easily mistaken for a solitary ovule.

3. H. macrophylla, Ollv. Leaves approximated or pseudo- verticil-
late towards the ends of the branches, elon^^ate, firmly membranous,
broadly oblaiiceolate or obovate-oblono^, cuspidate, narrowed to the short
hirsute petiole, glabrous or nearly so above ; midrib and prominent principal
veins hispid with spreading hairs beneath, 10-12 in. long, .3^ 4 in. broad,
liracts imbricating, palmatipartite, with rigid subulate hispid segments, per-
sistent. Flowers very shortly pedicellate, terminal in our specimen (fascicled
or racemose?). Sepals ovate or ovate-rotundate ; the inner larger. Petals
elongate-cuneate, with a very short thick claw ; 5-6 times longer than the
sepals. Staminal tube thin. Ovary glabrous below, densely pilose above ;
styles elongate, pilose. Ovules solitary, pendulous.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson I

I have seen but a solitary specimen with few flowers.

4. H. foliosa, 0//;;. Branches hoary-tomentose at first. Leaves rather
coriaceous, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, rather abruptly acuminate, rounded
or broadly cuneate at the base, irregularly and broadly serrate, covered with
a tliick deciduous tomentum when young, at length glabrous on both sides ;
lateral veins ^-^ in. apart, connected by rather obscure transverse veinlets ;
about 6 in. long, 3-4 in. broad; petiole \ in. Stipules and bracts pinuati-
partite ; segtiients finely subulate. Flowers in few-flowered, sessile or sub-
sessile, axillary fascicles. Outer sepals ovate, obtuse, densely tomentose ex-
ternally ; inner obovate or obovate-rotundate, obtusely and shortly pointed,
the broadly covered coriaceous margins shining. Petals oblong-elliptical with
a very shoii claw almost concealed by the narrowly emarginate base of the
lamina. Staminal tube tliick, one-third the length of filaments. Ovary
glabrous ; ovules geminate. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Bagroo river, Mann !

5. H. angolensis, TTelw. mss. A graceful climber. Branches tawny-
pubescent or puberulous, at length almost glabrous. Leaves lanceolate- or
ovate-oblong, acute, usually more or less rounded, often broadly, at the base,
serrulate or subentire, subglabrous or obsoletely puberulous and dull above
(or the midrib more distinctly puberulous), thinly pubescent or in the
younger leaves pubescent-tomentose beneath, 2^-4 in. long, 1-1} in. broad,
or in the barren shoots considerably larger. Petiole i in. or less. Stipules
early deciduous, pectinate, with 2 or 3 acicular segments on each side ; most
conspicuous at the unfolded extremities. Flowers in fascicles of 2 or 3 from
the axils of the upper leaves or somewhat shortly racemose nt the extremi-
ties; common peduncles | in. or less. Outer sej)als ovate-lanceolate, sub-
acute, shortly tawny-tomentose, slightly exceeding the iniu^r, which are
more broadly ovate and obtuse. Petals very shortly and abruptly unguicu-
late. Fruit ovoid-globos*\ exceeding the persistent sepals.

272 xxviii. LiNEiE (OLIVER). [Hugonia.

Lower Guinea. Cazengo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Allied to R.foliosa, which differs in the thick, early -deciduous tomentum which clothes
the young, more acuminate leaves, and in the form of the inner sepals.

6. H. Planchoni, Hook. f. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 526. Branches
rusty- or tawny-pubescent. Leaves firm, rather coriaceous, oval-oblong or
oblanceolate-oval, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the base, rather remotely
serrulate, glabrous, excepting the puberulous midrib ; lateral veins \ to nearly
\ in. apart, connected by numerous transverse veinlets ; 5-6 iH. long, l|-2
in. broad; petiole \ in. or less. Stipules pinnatipartite with 2-3 subulate
segments on each side, deciduous ; bracts similar. Sepals ovate-lanceolate ;
margins invqlute above. Petals at least two to tl^ree times longer than the
sepals, oblong-cuneate with a short, abrupt, narrow claw 1-1^ lines long.
Ovary glabrous or with few hairs at the top ; ovules geminate. Drupes
globose.— Fl. Nigrit. t. 27.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! T. Yogel ! etc. ; Accra, T. Voyel ! Bagroo
river, Mann I

7. H. platysepala, Welw. mss. A shrub attaining 6-8 ft. Extre-
mities puberulous or rusty with appressed or scarcely spreading pubescence.
Leaves firmly membranous or subcoriaceous, broadly oblanceolate or obo-
vate-oblong, acute or cuspidate, narrovyed to the petioie, broadly and ob-
scurely undulate-serrate or nearly 'entire, early glabrous and shining above ;
midrib and at iirst lateral veins with appressed hairs* beneath ; 4-6 in. long
(or, in barren shoots, 6-9 in.), 1^-2^ in. broad ; petiole about \ in. Pa-
rallel curving lateral veins ^-^ in. apart. Stipules very early deciduous,
palmatifid, silky-tomentose. Flowers 1-1 1 in. across, in short axillary and
terminal, few-flowered racemes with a common peduncle of i-1 in. or race-
mosely fascicled towards the ends of long axillary leafy or leafless often
hook-bearing shoots ; pedicels j-^ in., pubescent. Outer sepals smaller,
ovate-rotundate, broadly pointed, with revolute margins ; inner, equally or
unequally broadly obcordate, apiculate, keeled below. Petals four to six
times longer than the sepals, cuneate, thickened at the base with a very short
claw, thinly appressed-pilose outside. Ovrfry glabrous, except the apex.
Styles elongate, pilose below ; ovules geminate. Fruit globose, orange-
coloured, about I" in. diam., sub-10-sulcate when dry.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po and Prince's Island, Mann 1
laoiptrer Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch!

4. PHYLLOCOSMXJS, Klotzsch ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 245.

Sepals 5, rather unequal. Petals 5, contorted, raarcescent, unappendaged.
Stamens 5 or 10 ; filaments connate at the base in a broad ring or very short
tube. Ovary 3-5-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Style simple ; stigma terminal,
3-5-denticulate or -lobulate. Capsule "dehiscing septicidally," 1- or 2-
seeded. — Glabrous shrub or tree. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, penniveined,
entire or obscurely and remotel}' serrulate or toothed. Flowers rather small,
in axillai-y, often fascicled racemes or terminal panicles, pedicellate or sessile.
—{Fentacocca, Turcz. in BuU. Mosc. 1863. i. 600.)

Fhyllocosmus.'] xxviii. linea: (olivek). 273

The following are the only species of the penus, which is nearly allied to the S. American
monotypic genus Ochtkocosmus. I have not had the opportunity of examining good hccds.
J'lowers pedicellate, in axillary racemes. Stamens 5. Leaves oblong-
elliptical, 3-5 in . \. P. a/ncanuj.

Flowers sessile, in terminal panicles. Stamens 10. Ixaves obovatc-

oblong, 8-12 in 2. P. tettiU/iurut.

1. P. africanus^ Klotzsch in Sckoenleins Nachlass, (extr.) 233. t. 2.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, narrowed to each end, acuminate,
entire or with few scattered minute teeth on or towards the acumen, shining
above, principal lateral veins rather distant, -^-1 in. apart in the longer
leaves ; 8-5 in. long, 1-1 ^ in. broad; petiole about } in. Flowers |-| in.,
fascicled on the nodes of axillary solitary or fasciculate spreading or ascend-
ing, minutely puberulous racemes, shorter than or equalling the leaves; pe-
dicels slender, equalling the flower, from minute scale-like bracts. Sepals
broadly ovate-oblong, obtuse, minutely denticulate above, slightly unequal.
Petals two to three times longer than the sepals. Stamens 5. — 'Ochthucos-
mvs ofricanus, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 240. t. 23. Pentacocca LeonemU, Turcz.
in Bull. Mosc. xxxvi. (1863) 601.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Lon ! Cape Palmas, Schoenlein.
A fragment in fruit oniy in the Kew herbarium, from the Congo (Smith), with rather
longer and glabrous pedicels, may belong to a distinct species.

2. P. sessilifloruSy Oliv. Leaves coriaceous, elongate-oblanceolate or
obovate-oblong, subacute or rather obtuse, narrowed into the petiole, re-
motely crenate-serrate or subentire, glabrous ; midrib and principal lateral
veins rather prominent beneath, the latter about f- 1 in. apart in the larger
leaves; 8-12 in. long, 3-4| in. broad ; petiole stout, f-li in. Flowers in
long ebracteate spikes usually collected in rather large terminal panicles 6-
10 in. long and broad ; about } in. long, inseiied at right angles to the rachis.
Sepals ovate obtuse, slightly imbricate below, 3 innci- rather larger. Petals
ovate-oblong, obtuse, rather rigid, three times longer than the sepals. Sta-
mens 10 ; filaments united at the base in a broad disk or very short ring.
Ovary 5-celled.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon river, Mann I

The dorsal suture shows some indication of inflection, so that it is possible the fruit-
carpels may bear a spurious dissepiment, iu which case the genus ought to merge in Och-
thocosmus.

5. ERYTHROXYLON, Linn.; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 244.

Sepals usually 5, free or connate below. Petals as many, imbricating,
deciduous, with an erect, transverse, usually 2-fid or variously thickened
scale on the inner face. Stamens 10 ; filaments connate below. Ovar)- 3-
rarely 4-celled, at the time of ftowering all the cells but one suppressed ;
ovules usually solitary. Styles 3, rarely 4, free or connate more or less.
Fruit a thin, l-celled,'l-seed*ed dmpe.— Shrubs or small trees, usually gla-
brous. Leaves alternate, membranous or coriaceous, entire. Stipules intra-
petiolar, persistent or deciduous, sometimes leafless and crowded towards the

274 XXVIII. LINE^ (OLIVER). \Erythroxylon .

extremities, leaving conspicuous scars. Flowers sraall, pedicellate, in axil-
lary fascicles.

A large S. American genus with but few outliers in the Old World, excepting in Mada-
gascar and the neighbouring islands.

Styles connate halfway. Leaves firmly membranous, obovate-ellip-

tical or elliptical ; venation obscure beneath \. E. Mannii.

Styles free throughout. Leaves oval to oblanceolate-elHptical, more

or less distinctly reticulated %. E. emarginatum.

1. E. Mannii, Ol'w. Wholly glabrous. Leaves firmly membranous,
obovate-elliptical or elliptical, ^ery obtuse, entire or minutely emarginate,
base cuneate, paler beneath, with obscure venation, 1^-2 in. long, |—1 in.
broad. Petiole \ in. Stipules persistent. Flowers numerous, in axillary
fascicles ; pedicels slender, spreading, \-\ in. Calyx 5 -fid ; lobes ovate-
deltoid, acute. Petals spreading or decurved ; lamina adnate to the back of
the orbicular claw, which is surmounted by an erect, 2-fid, membranous crest
in front and a thickened process in the centre immediately behind. Styles
connate half their length. Ovary 1-celled at flowering.

Upper Guinea. Bagroo river, Mann !

2. E. emarginatum, Schum. et Thonn. Guin. PL 224. A. glabrous
twiggy shrub or small tree. Leaves firmly membranous or subcoriaceous,
oblanceolate-elliptical to oval, rounded above or slightly narrowed to a broari
emarginate or entire apex, base cuneate or but slightly rounded, shining
above, paler, usually with more or less prominent venation, beneath, 1-3^ in.
long, ^-1^ in. broad ; petiole 1-3 lines. Pedicels fascicled, \ in. long or
less. Calyx deeply 5 -fid, with ovate acute segments. Petal-crest of 2
rounded membranous lobes. Styles 3, free. Drupe oblong-ovoid or ellip-
soidal, \-^ in. long. Seed exalbuminous.— ^. Caff rum, Sond. in Lmnsea,
xxiii. 22.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter ! W. tropical Africa, without special locality, T.
Vogel !

Lower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !
Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma Bay, Z>r. ZiV^ / ZdLmht&i, Dr. Kirk !

6. ANEULOPHUS, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 244.

Calyx 5 -partite. Petals 5, narrow-oval, spreading or recurved, undulate,
thickened along the midrib and at the base, deciduous, unappendaged.
Stamens 10, shortly connate at the base. Ovary 3-4-celled ; cells 2-ovu-
late. Styles 3-4, connate below ; stigmas linear-clavate, recurved. Drupe
with a thick bony putamen, apparently 3-(or 4-)celled. Seeds unknown. —
A glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptical, entire, thinly coria-
ceous, connected by a thickened (stipular ?) ring. Flowers small, in axil-
lary fascicles.

A monotypic genus peculiar to W. tropical Africa.

1. A. africana, Benth. I. c. Branches slender, terete, glabrous. Leaves
opposite, oval-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, shortly acuminate, cuneate or

Aneulophus."] xxviii. line>e (oliver). 275

scarcely rounded at the base, paler beneath, 3^-7 in. \or\», \{-1\ in. broad ;
petiole i in. Plowers several together from the axils or the tliickcned inter-
petiolar ridge, on slender pedicels of \-\ in. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate.
Petals several times longer than the sepals, patent or recurved.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon river, Matin I

Order XXIX. HUMIRIACEiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, deci-
duous, slightly conton-imbricate or subvalvate. Stamens 10-20 or indefi-
nite, hypogynous, usually more or less connate below ; filaments filiform or
narrow linear, compressed ; anthers versatile with 2 cells at the base of a pro-
duced conical fleshy connective. Ovary free, sessile, usually 5-cellcd, Style
simple; stigma terminal entire or denticulate; ovules s'olitarj' (or 2-3),
pendulous. Fruit drupaceous with a woody or bony indehiscent putamen or
pericarp, thick, woody, abounding in resin-cysts. Seeds albuminous (not
examined in the African species). — Usually glabrous resiniferous trees.
Leaves alternate, simple, coriaceous, exstipulate. Flowers in axillarj' or
terminal corymbose or subpaniculate cymes.

A small Order confined to Brazil and Guiana, with the following exception.

1. AUBRYA, Baillon; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 9S8.

Petals very slightly imbricate or subvalvate. Stamens 10 ; filaments com-
pressed, slightly connate below or free (Baillon). Ovary 5-celled. Style
simple ; ovules solitary. Fruit globose or ellipsoidal with a thick woody
pericarp abounding in resin-cysts, indehiscent (?). Seeds not seen. — A large
tree. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous. Flowers in axillary and apparently ter-
minal pedunculate cymes.

Although there are two or three discrepancies between the account of J. gabonmtis as
published by M. Baillon and the result of my examination of a good series of spocimena,
including some from the Gaboon, yet I can hardly doubt that we have the same spcciea in
view. Aubrya is peculiar to W. tropical Africa.

1. A. gabonensis, Baill. in Jdansoinn, ii. 266. Leaves very coria-
ceous, oblong-elliptical, rather acute or with a short subacute acumen,
rounded at the base and at length narrowed into the petiole, obscurely crc-
nate-sernilate above, glabrous, venation but glightly prominent, either dark
red-brown or pale green when dry, 3-6 in. long, 1^-2^ in. broad; petiole
\-\ in. Flowers in stout axillary cymes forked from about the middle,
shorter than the leaves, towards the ends of the branches or sometimes
clustered in the uppermost leaves forming a small terminal panielt, minutely
puberulous or glabrate. Pedicels stout, jointed at the base, about cquallinj;
the suborbicular ciliolate sepals. Petals rather thick, four to six times ex-
ceeding the sepals. Stamens at length often separating. Ovary glabrous.
Fruit 1 in. or little more in diara.

276 XXIX. HUMiRiACEiE (oliver). [Au6ri/a.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon river, A.le Comie, Mann! Brass, Barter! Fernando Po,
Mann !

M. Baillon describes the inflorescence as terminal and the stamens as wholly free.

Ordee XXX. MALPIGHIACEiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers hermaplirodite, regular or nearly so. Calyx 5-partite, rarely 4-
or 3-partite, imbricate or valvate ; each lobe or 4 or fewer 2 -glandular, or
gland solitary or 0. Pi^tals 5, usually unguiculate ; lamina entire or fim-
briate. Stamens 10; filaments free or connate below. Ovary 3-celled.
Styles 3 or 2, distinct, rarely connate ; ovules solitary with a ventral raphe
and superior micropyle. Fruit carpels (in the African genera) samaroid. —
Climbing or erect shrubs. Leaves usually opposite (alternate in Acrido-
curpus) entire or nearly so, often with a pair of petiolar glands and appressed
peltately-attached hairs ; with or without stipules. Flowers yellow rose or
white, corymbose umbellate or racemose, often panicled.

A considerable Order, most numerous both in genera and species in tropical America.
Three of the following genera are peculiar to Africa.

Fruit-carpels with a single dorsal (median) wing only.

Leaves opposite. Calyx usually with 8-10 glands . . . . 1. Hetekopterys.
Leaves usually alternate. Calyx with few glands or one only,

rarely 0. Styles 2 2. Acridocarpus.

Leaves opposite or verticillate. Calyx eglandular. Styles 3 . 3. Sphedamnocarpus.
Fruit-carpels with lateral wings, distinct or connate above and

below, with or without a smaller dorsal wing.
Calyx equally 5-partite, shorter than the petals in bud. Petals

fimbriate below ..." 4. Triaspis.

Calyx-lobes valvate, 3-5, exceeding the petals iu bud. Petals

entire . • 5. Flabellaria.

1. HETEROPTERYS, Kth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 256.

Calyx 5-parted, 4 or each of the lobes with a pair of sessile glands.
Petals distinctly unguiculate. Stamens 10, all antheriferous, unequal; fila-
ments slightly connate below; anthers unappendaged. Ovary 3-celled.
Styles 3, subulate, sharply curved and compressed at tlie apex ) stigma at
the angle (like a foot with a stigmatic heel !). Samaras 1-3 with a more
or less semicircular wing, usually thicker on the lower margin. — Erect or
climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire or nearly so. Flowers racemose
or paniculate ; pedicels 2-bracteolate.

A large American genus with but the following Old-World representative.

1. H. africana, A. Juss. Monog. Malpigh. 202. A glabrous climber.
Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate, shortly acuminate cuspidate
or subacute, rounded at the base or rarely subcordate, entire, glabrous, shining
above, glaucescent beneath, with prominent midrib and lateral veins, 4^8
in. long, 2-3^ in. broad ; petiole \-^ in. Flowers "yellow," in terminal or
axillary rusty-tomentose racemes, when terminal usually 3 -furcate near the
base or subpaniculate. Bracts and geminate bracteoles oval or oblong, the

Heteropterys.^ xxx. malpigiiiace.e (oliveu). 277

latter about tlio middle of the ppclicels. Samara snnicircular, usually ol).
lique ; wing rigid, coriaceous, entire, rounded or ol)tuse nt tlw outer i-xtrc-
mity. — Banisteria leona, Cav. Diss. 424. t. 247. (Jructu excl.) ex Juss. 1. c.
ILJussieui, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 246.

Upper Guinea. Senegatnbia! Sierra Leone, Afzefius ! T. Vogel! and others; Grand
Bassa, T. Vogel ! Brass, Barter! Mouth of the Niger, Nun river, ami lViri<r'« Island,
Mann !

IiOTirer Guinea. Congo, Smith .'

I eannot but regard the form described as H. Jussicxii in the Niger flora with the wing
of the samara, " produced equally above, below, and outwardly," as belonging to the original
species of Jussieu. Vogcl's fruits appear to be scarcely mature, and in other respects —
foliage, flower, and inflorescence — there is no ditfereuce. In a specimen frouj Prince's
Island, some of the leaves, upon a lateral shoot, are remarkably triplinervcd.

Ileteropterys macroptera^ Reichb., is referred by A. Jussieu 0-c.) to Securidaca.

2. ACRIDOCARPUS, Guill. et Perr. ; Beuth. et Hook. f. Gen. I'l.

i. 256.

Calyx 5-pnrtite with 1 or more sessile or sunken glands, rarelv e^lnmlulir.
Petals unguiculate or narrowed to the base, entire or the inner slightly tini-
briate. Stamens 10, all antheriferous ; filaments short, free or very nearly
so ; anthers large, lanceolate-oblong, acute, glabrous, usually dehiscing at the
apex by a short or pore-like slit. Ovary 3-celled or 1 cell abortive, pilose.
Styles 2, long, filiform, circinate in bud. Samaras usually 1 or 2 with a
straight or oblique vertical wing thickened on the upper margin.— Shrubs,
erect or scandent. Leaves usually alternate, entire or sinuous with glands at
the base beneath, exstipulate. Flowers in simple elongate corymbose or
panicled racemes, yellow. Bracts and bracteoles minute at the base of tlie
pedicels.

A small genus nearly confined to Africa and Madagascar. One species occurs south of

the tropic of Capricorn.

Leaves 4-9 in., oblong-elliptical, cuspidate, glabrous. Flowers race-
mose or paniculate. Bracts 1 line or less, triangular. Wing 1^-
] 1 jj^ \. A. Smeathmanni.

Leaves 3-5 in., obovate or broadly elliptical, retuse, with obtuse or

obsolete cusp. Bracts ovate, 2 'lines. Wing U-U in. . . • 2. A. phgtoptem*.

Leaves 2^-4 in., oblong-elliptical, subacute or cuspidate, glabrous.

Flowers corymbose. Bracts subulate, rigid. Wings 1 in. or less 3. A. corymbosM.

Leaves 4-7 in!, oval-oblong, with matted deciduous tomentum, at
length glabrate at least "above. I'lowers racemose. Bracts tri-
angular-lanceolate. Uings 1-U (pale green) ...... -i—^- chhroptfrns.

Leaves 3-4 in., oblong or oblanceolate, quite ghbrous. Flowers ra-
cemose. Bracts minute, subulate. Wings 1-U in h. A. :an:ibancut.

L A. Smeathmanni, Guill. et Perr. Fl. S^neg. i. 121. .\ shrub vnr>'-
ing from 5-20 ft., often climbing, glabrous or with the exiremUies rusty-pu-
bescent at first. Leaves alternate, membranous or rather coriaceous e bngatc
oblong-elliptical or obovate-oblong, cuspidate, more or less rounded or rii-
neate at the base with a pair of glands at the junction of the short thick
petiole, entire or undulate, glabrous or early glabrescent, 4-9 in. long, l^-J

278 XXX. MALPIGHIACE.E (oliver). [Acridocarpus.

in. broad ; petiole |— i in. Flowers in terminal simple branclied or panicu-
late rusty-pubescent or -tonientose racemes often considerably overtopping
the leaves, frequently also in shorter axillary racemes. Pedicels slender, ■§•-
f in. ; bracts triangular, acute, tooth-like, 1 line or usually less. Calyx
variously thickened at the base, usually with 1 disciform gland alternating
with 2 of the lobes. Wing of samara oblong or obliquely oblanceolate,
more or less curved towards the obtuse extremity, 1^1 J in. long, |— f in.
broad, the base of the wing half-clasping the nut or slightly narrowed and
not broader than the nut. — Heteropterys ? Smeathmarini, DC. Prod. i. 592.
{ex Juss.) Anomalopteris spicata and A. longifolia, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 647.
Acridocarpus guineensis, A. Juss. Monog. Malpigh. 231. {J A. Cavanillesu,
A. .luss. 1. c.) A. longifolius. Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 244. (? Malpighia al-
tertiifolia, Schum. et Thonn. Guin. PI. 222.)

Var. a. Wing of the fruit narrowed to the nut.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Bon ! Niger, Barter ! Baikie ! (the latter without
precise locality.)

Var. )8. Base of the wing half-clasping the nut.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Brass, Fernando Po, T. Vogell Barter I Mann I In flower
only, Gaboon, Mann I

The leaves vary considerably in texture in our specimens, but not more than is frequent
in climbers which have their lower branches in the shade and their upper exposed. The
differences in the outline of the samara may be more important than I have been led to con-
sider them, although they are but slight absolutely. Unsupported, however, by other
characters, I cannot regard them as of specific value.

2. A. plagiopterus, Guill. et Ferr. FL Seneg. i. 123. t. 29. Very
nearly allied to A. Smeathmanni, but with the leaves obovate-elliptical or
broadly elliptical, rounded or retuse at the apex with a very short (1-2 lines)
or obsolete or subacute cusp, obtuse or narrowed to the base with lateral
petiolar glands, 3-5 in. long, 2-2|^ in. broad. Bracts ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late, concave, ^ in. Calyx-glands nearly obsolete on 1-3 of the lobes.
Pruit- wings about 1^ in., narrowed at the base, widely divergent accor<ling
to Guillemin and Perrottet. — Anomalopteris obovata, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 642.
{ex Fl. Nigrit. 244.)

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ! Sierra Leone, Don 1

3. A. corymbosus, Hook. /. M. Nigrit. 246. t. 24. Extremities
slender, glabrous or very early glabrescent. Leaves alternate, firmly mem-
branous, oblong-elliptical, subacute or cuspidate, rounded or slightly narrowed
at the base, entire or undulate-denticulate, glabrous, 2|-4 in. long, 1-2 in.
broad, with or without the basal glands. Flowers in very short corymbose
racemes, terminal or on short axillary shoots. Pedicels slender, spreading,
rusty-pubescent, ^-f in. Bracts subulate, rather rigid. Calyx with 1-4
sunken glands. Wings glabrous, either rather broader above or broadly ob-
long, 1 in. or less in length, diverging at 70°-80° in our specimens, still red
or purple when dry.

Upper Guinea. Cape Coast, T. Vogell PKworra, Barter I
Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith ! Burton !

This may prove to be the Malpighia alternifolia of Schumacher and ThoQuing, cited
with doubt as a synonym of A. Smeathmanni.

Jcndocarp?ts.] xxx. malpighiace.e (olivek). 279

^ 4. A. chloropterus, Oliv. An erect or sometimes elimhintr shnil).
Extremities rusty pilose-tomeiitose. Leaves alternate, somewhat coriaecous,
elotigate-oblong or oval-oblong, broadly and obtusely jjointed or !.omctimr>j
acute ; base obtuse or broadly rounded, entire or obscurely wavy, covered
at first with a thickly matted, rusty, loose tomentum, early deciduous above,
the under surface usually retaining more or less of the deciduous layer;
basal glands inconspicuous, 4-7 in. long, 1} 2^ in. broad. Petiole j in'.
Flowers in an elongate, terminal, at length pyramidal, tomentose raceme of
5-8 in. Pedicels ^ in. or less ; bracts minute, tooth-like, triangtdar or lan-
ceolate. Calyx-glands about 3 ; lobes ovate, obtuse. W ings of fruit glubrcs-
cent (pale green, ex icon.), 1-1| in. long, ^-| in. broad ; upper edge more
or less curved, narrowed below, but at the base not narrower than the nut.

Mozamb. Distr. Valley of the Shire, Zambesi, Lrs. Kirk ! and Meller !

5. A. zanzibaricus, A. Jnss. Monog. Malp'ujh. 231. A climbing shrub ;
the extremities rusty-tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves alternate, oblom,^ or
oblanceolate-elliptical, broadly pointed or subapiculate ; base rounded or
cuneate, narrowed into the petiole, quite glabrous, veiny, 3-4 in. long, 1 i -1 ^
in. broad. Petiole \-\ in. Racemes terminal, simple, 2-3 in. long. Pt;-
dicels sometimes recurved at length. Bracts and bracteoles minute, many
times shorter than the pedicels, subulate, very acute. Calyx-lobes ovate,
obtuse; calycine glands usually 2. Fruit-wings \-\\ in., narrowed below,
dilated about the middle, with numerous curved, fine striic'. — Bauisttria,
Bojer (ex Loud. Hort. Brit. 182).

Mozaiub. Distr. Zanzibar, Dr. Kirk!

A.? sjp. nova. Specimens of a plant in flower (though with the essential orsans too
much eaten by hisects for analysis) are in the Kew herbarium, from the " Ued Sea, "/>r.
Nimmo, labelled A. orientalis, Juss., by Dr. Grisebach, but I cannot suppose it consjtc-
citic with Eloy's plant from Mascat, upon which Jussieu based his species. The leaves iu
the Red Sea plant are proportionally broader and shorter, broadly rounded at the a|>cx and
glabrous or glabrescent, the ilowers not crowded, but in cloufrate racemes, much exci-tding
the leaves. It is probably new, unless a variety of A. tiata/itius, Juss., a Natal plant.

3. SPHEDAMNOCARPUS, Planch.; Bentli. et Hook. f. Gen. PI.

i. 256.

Calyx 5-partite, eglandular or the glands not apparent when dry. LoIh-s
slightly imbricate. Petals shortly clawed ; lamina dentate or nearly entire.
Stamens 10; filaments very shortly connate at the base. Ovary 3-cilled;
styles 3, filiform, spreading. Samaras with a vertical dorsal wing, slightly
thickened on the upper margin, at least towards the base.— Shrubs or under-
shrubs, scandent or erect. Leaves opposite or verticillate. Flowers umbel-
late, collected in terminal panicles.

A small genus of 2 or 3 species, nearly allied to Acridocarpus, ronfincd to S. tropical
and extratropical Africa.

1. S. angolensis, Planch, mss. in Herb. Kew. Undershrub. not at all
or very rarely scandent. Branches straight, about the thickness of a crow-

280 XXX. MALPiGHiACE^ (oLiVEu). [_SpJiedamnocarpus.

quill, closely rusty-tomentose. Leaves opposite or in verticils of 3 (or 4),
oblong-lanceolate or oblong, subacute or rather obtuse, cuspidate or mucro-
nate, more or less rounded at the base, appressed-pilose more or less above,
silky-pilose or pilose-lanate beneath, subsessileor very shortly petiolate, with
a pair of minute glands at the insertion of the petiole {Dr. TFelwitsch), l^-Z
in. long, 5-8 lines broad. Plowers in 3-4-flowered pedunculate umbels
from the axils of the upper leaves, often forming a large loose panicle ;
flower-bearing lateral branches 1-2^ in., usually bearing a pair of small
leaves at or near the base of the umbels. Pedicels ^-1^ in., w^ith a pair of
scale-like bracts above or near the middle. Flowers i-f in. in expansion.
Sepals obovate-oblong, eglandular or glands not apparent when dry. Petals
shortly unguiculate ; lamina crisped-denticulate. Filaments subulate, very
shortly united at the base. Ovary densely hairy. Fruit-carpels with an as-
cending obliquely oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, appressed-silky wing,
about f in. long and 4-5 lines broad. — Acridocarpus ? angolensis, A. Jass.
Monog. Malpigh. 236 (ex descr,).

Lower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Br. Weluoitsch !

4. TRIASPIS, Burchell; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 259.

Calyx 5-partite, without glands. Petals unguiculate ; base, at least, of the
lamina fimbriate. Stamens 10, all antheriferous ; filaments filiform, free or
very nearly so ; anthers linear-oblong, glabrous. Ovary 3-celled, pilose ;
styles 3, elongate ; stigma lateral, immediately below the curved tip. Fruit-
carpels with a shield-like entire or lobed dorsal wing, with or without a keel
or crest in the centre. — Scandent or erect shrubs. Leaves opposite and sub-
opposite, entire or nearly so, with or without stipules. Flowers umbellate or
corymbose, in terminal and axillary panicles, " rose or white."

A small genus, peculiar to tropical and southern Africa.

Leaves silky or pilose beneath, exstipulate \. T. odorata.

Leaves silky beneath, with reniform stipules 2. T.? stipulata.

Leaves glabrous or glabrescent, exstipulate.

Petals fimbriate below. Ovary pilose. Fruit-wings 2-fid above,

f-1 iii. long and broad 3. 71 mozambica.

Petals, at least the inner, deeply fimbriate. Ovary pilose. Fruit-
wings retuse or notched above, H-2i in. long and broad . . 4,. T. macropteron.
Petals entire or denticulate. Ovary glabrous. Fruit-wing broadly

2-partite above, much produced below, i-f in. long and broad. 5. T. lateriflora.

1. T. odorata^ A. Juss. in Deless. 7c. iii. 21. ^. 36. Extremities terete,
rusty-tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, subcordafe,
acute, crenulate-serrate or nearly entire, with thinly scattered hairs above,
villous-tomentose beneath ; petiole 1| in. Flowers in corymbose racemes,
collected in a terminal panicle, with divaricate branches ; pedicels filiform, 1
in. or less, with a pair of minute bracteoles below or near the middle. Calyx
5-partite, with lanceolate, obtuse, silky-villous lobes. Petals unguiculate, 2
with fimbriate margins. Styles 3, filiform. Each samara with a dorsal
wing, 2-fid or 2-lobed above and below. — Hlraa odorata, Willd. ; DC.
Prod. i. 585.

Triaspis.'] xxx. malpighiace.k (oliveu). 281

XJpper Guinea, Tkonning.

The above description is taken from Schumacher and Thonning's Bcsk. Guin. PI., and
Jussieu's figure.

2. T. ? stipulata, Oliv. Branches terete, pilose, with closi-ly appressed
hairs, glabresceiit. Leaves opposite, membranous, elliptical or ovnte-«'llip.
tical, acute or acuminate, broadly rounded below, undulate-denticulate, f^la-
brate and opaque above, more or less silky-pilose with appressed hairs be-
neath, 3-4 in. long, H-2^ in. broad; petioles ^-\ in., with leafy semicir-
cular or reniform stipular appendages, glal)rescent above, silky* beneath.
Flowers very numerous, in large, terminal, leafy panicles. Pedicels umbel-
late or in umbellate corymbs, slender, f-1 in. ; bracteoles very mirmte. Cal\x-
lobes ovate-oblong. Lamina of petals fimbriate below. Stvles elongate,
compressed, with a prominent nerve or 3-gonou9. Fmit not seen.

Upper Guiuea. Abbeokuta, Irving !

Referred to TViaspis, with a mark of doubt, by Dr. Hooker. The stipules arc remarkable,
but in the absence of fruit it may well be left in this genus, indeed, it may prove a form of
T. odor at a.

3. T. mozaxnbica, A. Juss. Monog. Malpigh. 251. Extremities slender,
terete, glabrous, ashen-grey, about the thickness of a crow-quill, with long
internodes ; at first with a deciduous rusty pubescence. Leaves opposite,
elliptical, very shortly apiculate, rounded at the base, glabrous, rather firmly
membranous or slightly fleshy, with obscure venation, about 2 in. long by 1-1^-
in. broad in the only specimen seen. Flowers in terminal panicles ; pedicels
slender, in few-flowered umbels, with a pair of minute, subopposite, ovate-
lanceolate bracteoles below or near the middle, pilose as is also the base of
the calyx. Lamina of the petals fimbriate below. Dorsal wing of the nuts
deeply 2-fid above, f-1 in. long and broad, with radiating anastomosing
n€rvures.

Mozaiub. Distr. Mozambique, Forbes !

4. T. macropteron, JVelw. mss. A scandent shrub. Extremities
rusty-pubescent at first, glabresceiit, sometimes early glabrous. Leaves sub-
coriaceous, ovate-elliptical, abruptly and acutely cuspidate or subacuminate,
broadly rounded or slightly cordate at the base, entire, sparsely pubescent to-
wards the base and about the nerves or nearly glabrous, 3-4 in. lonsf, 1^-3
in. broad; petiole \ in., more or less. Flowers lilac or violet, passing into
white {Jf^elwitsck), in axillary and terminal, pedunculate, corymbose racemes,
exceeding or equalling the leaves. Pedicels rusty-pubescent, about 1^ in.,
with a pair of minute bracts below or near the middle. Sepals ovate-lanceo-
late obtuse. Petals clawed ; lamina carinate ; the inner ones deeply fim-
briate. Filaments pubescent. Ovary ru?ty-pilose. Fruit-wings U 2^ in.
long and broad, retuse or notched above, entire or broadly reluse below.

laower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Cazengo, and Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. H'el-
toitsch !

5. T. lateriflora, Oliv. A scandent or subscandciit slmib. Extremi-
ties and petioles rusty-tomcntose. Leaves firmly membranous or thinly

282 XXX. MALPiGHiACEiE (oliver). , [Triaspis.

coriaceous, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, obtuse or rather broadly cuspidate
and somewhat acute, broadly rounded or occasionally subcordate at the base,
entire, appressed rusty-pilose at first, early glabrescent above and beneath
excepting usually the midrib, 2-4 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad or sometimes
larger ; petiole 1-4 lines. Flowers rose-coloured, in axillary shortly pedun-
culate umbels, much shorter than or occasionally equalling the leaves ; pedun-
cles often 2 or 3 together or from a very short or obsolete axillary branch ;
pedicels slender, ^i in., rusty-pilose, with scaly bracts at the base. Sepals
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. Petals clawed, reflexed ; lamina entire or slightly
denticulate. Filaments filiform. Ovary glabrous. Fruit-wings very thin,
6-10 lines broad and long, broadly 2-partifIfe' above, truncate or broadly re-
tuse or 2-fid below ; usually produced nearly twice as much below the carpel
as above and nearly all the reticulating nervures directed downwards.

IiOTeer Guinea. Angola, Lr, Welwitsch !

5. FLABELLARIA, Cav. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 259.

Calyx 3-5 -partite. Segments valvate in aestivation, often unequal in
breadth, without glands. Petals oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, entire,
glabrous. Stamens 10, all antheriferous ; filaments filiform, free; anthers
oblong. Ovary 3-celled, pilose; styles elongate. Fruit-carpels with a
shield-like 2-lobed dorsal wing or the wings separate. — Scandent shrubs, with
opposite, entire, exstipulate leaves. Flowers paniculate, white.

A monotypic genus, peculiar to W. tropical Africa.

1. F. paniculata, Cav. Diss. 436. t. 264. A climbing shrub. Extre-
mities slender, silky-pilose at first. Leaves opposite, firmly membranous,
broadly elliptical or ovate-elliptical, broadly pointed or subacute, broadly
rounded or even subcordate at the base, without apparent basal glands, gla-
brous or glabrescent above, appressed silky-pilose beneath, 3-5 in. long,
2-3 in. broad ; petiole \ in. (^-f in.). Flowers in terminal and axillary
panicles, white. Pedicels in opposite pairs or corymbosely fascicled, -^ in. or
less ; bracteoles minute at or near the base. Triaspis fabellaria, A. Juss.
Monog. Malpigh, 253. Hiraa pinnata, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 743. Triopteris,
Poir. Diet. viii. 108.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ! Sierra Leone, Smeathmann ! Afzelius ! Feruando Po,
T. Vogel ! Niger, Barter ! ^Otd Calabar, Thomson !

Iiower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Order XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers hermaphrodite, regular (in tropical species). Sepals usually 5,
free or nearly so (0 in Seetzenin). Petals as many, free. Stamens as many
or twice as many as the petals (thrice as many in Nitraria) ; filaments often
with a minute scale at or near the base, free or those opposite to the petals
very shortly adnate. Ovary usually 5-sulcate, 5-celled or 10-celled. Style
simple or styles 5, radiating. Stigma terminal, simple or 5-10-lobed. Ovules

XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLE^ (OLIVEu). 283

1-2 or more in each cell. Fruit crustaceous or coriaceous (in the following
genera), often separating in as many dehiscent or indchiscent cocci as carpels,
sometimes spinose or winged. Seeds with or without albumrn. Kmbn,o
as long as the seed. Cotyledons oblong or linear ; radicle straight.—
Shrubs or herbs, woody below, with divaricate jointed branches: Leaves
opposite, one of the pair usually smaller, 1-2-foliolate or pinnate, glabrous,
pilose or hispid, often fleshy, with interpetiolar often spincscent stipules,
rarely simple, alternate or fascicled {Nitraria). Flowers pedunculate, solitary
or geminate, apparently axillary, usually yellow white or rose.

Leaves opposite.
Flowers with petals.

Leaves abruptly piunate. Filaments naked \. Tribl'lus.

Leaves 1-2-foHolate. Filaments with a scale at the base . . . 2. Zygophyllum.

Leaves 3-1-foliolate. Filaments naked 3. Fagonia.

Flowers apetalous. Leaves 3-foliolate 4. SttTZBMA.

Leaves alternate or fascicled, simple, spathulate or cuncate. (A

spreading shrub.) 5. Nitrahu.

1. TRIBULUS, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 264.

Sepals 5, persistent or deciduous. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 10;
filaments filiform, those opposite to the petals sometimes adnate at the base.
Ovary sessile, usually densely hirsute, 5-1 0-(-12-)celled. Style short ; adnate
lobes of the stigma as many as cells. Ovules 1-5, superimposed. Fruit of
5-12 indehiscent cocci (or fewer by abortion), woody or bony, spinose
winged or tubercled. " Seeds exalbuminous." — Ascending or prostrate,
branching, usually pilose or hispid herbs. Leaves opposite, one in each pair
smaller, abruptly pinnate, stipulate. Flowers solitary, axillary, pedunculate,
white or yellow.

The species want a thorough revision. I am not satisfied with the characters given be-
low. It is doubtful if any of these species are confined to the tropics of this continent.
Ovary 5-(4-)celled. Stigma 5-(4-)anglcd orlobed.

Carpels not winged, usually spinose 1. T. terrestrit.

Carpels winged, with or without spinose margins.

Fruit pyramidal-ovoid, spinosely winged 1. T. alatut.

Fruit roundish or roundish-ovoid, depressed at apex, 3-4 lines

long and broad. Wings crenulate, about 1 line broad . . . 3. 71 pterocarpu4.
Fruit larger than in No. 3. Wings toothed, strongly nerved,

i-^ in. broad 4. T Ehrmbergii.

Ovary 10-1 2-celled. Stigma 10-1 2-angled or lobed 5. T. maximum.

1. T. terrestris, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 703. A spreading prostrate or
decumbent annual, occasionally more or less fmtescent brlow and persisting
two or more years. Branches from a few inches to 2 or 3 ft. in length, pu-
bescent, villous or hispid. Leaves in unequal pairs, the larger l-2i in.,
with 5-8 pairs of oblong or linear-oblong, more or less acute, sessile or sub-
sessile, opposite leaflets, oblique at the base, villous beneath, often glabres-
cent above. Peduncles ^-\ in., scarcely or not at all thickened in fruit.
Flowers usually yellow. Stigmatic lobes longer than the diameter of the
style (or shorter in /S. cistoides). Calyx deciduous. Fruit-carpcls tulk^rele.!
and often setose on the back and above, each carpel usually with 2 lateral

284 xxxr. zygophylleje (olivek). [Tribuhs.

divergent, straight, acute spines inserted above the middle and 2 shorter
spines near the base directed downwards ; the spines rarely reduced to mere
tubercles.— r. albus, Poir. ; DC. Prod. i. 703. T. humifiisus, Schura. et
Thonn. G\iin. PI. 215. T. Kotschyanus, Boiss. Diag. Ser. 2. i. 111. T.
mollis, Ehrenb. in Schweinf. PI. ^Ethiop. 29. . T. excrucians, Wawr. et Peyr.
Sert. Beng. 17.

Var. /3. cistoides {T. cistoides, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 703) Petals f-l^ in. long. Stig-
matic lobes not longer than the diameter of the style.

A widely-spread and very variable weed, common throughout tropical Africa as, indeed,
through the tropics of the Old World, extending into South Europe and Australia. The
variety cistoides is most frequent in tropical America. In Africa I have only seen it from
Guinea {Brunner), Angola (l^r. Welwitsch), and Mozambique.

2. T. alatus, Delile ; DC. Prod. i. 703. A procumbent or ascending,
hispid- villous annual, very similar io T. terrestris, the general description of
which will apply, differing principally in the fruit which is broadly pyramidal-
ovoid, as broad as long, somewhat pointed ; the spines more or less confluent
into prominent vertical, hard or coriaceous wings on each side, the back of
the carpels usually rugose, pilose. Calyx persistent or deciduous.— T. longi-
petalus, Viv. Dec. 10 {fide Boiss. PI. Orient, i. 902).

Nile Iiand. Nubia {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum).
From North Africa eastward to India.

3. T, pterocarpus, Ehrenh. in Waif. Ann. iv. 404, and Schweinf. Fl.
JElhiop. i. 29. Habit and general aspect that of T. terrestris. Branches
somewhat hispid-pilose, with unequal, spreading short hairs. Fruit reflexed
or patent on peduncles of \ in. or shorter, roundish or ovate-rotuudate in cir-
cumscription, 3-4 lines long and broad. Carpels pilose on the back ; margins
with a continuous, crenulate, vertical wing, slightly exceeding the apex of
the fruit, about 1 line broad ; nerves of wing inconspicuous, parallel. — (An
T. macropterus, Boiss. Diag. Ser. 1. i. 61 ? An etiam T. megistopteruSy
Kralik. in Ann. So. Nat. Ser. 3. xi. 32? cf. Schweinf. Fl. vEthiop. i. 249).

Nile Iiand. Dongola, Ehrenberg !

4. T. Ehrenbergii, Asch. in Schweinf. Fl. JEthiop. i. 249. Densely
villous. Leaves \\ in., 6-jugate. Peduncles erect, \ in. or less. Fi-uit
large, 4-angled, shortly and densely pubescent or pilose. Carpels broa'Jly
winged ; wings rigid, \-\ in. long, \-\ in. broad, strongly reticulate below,
irregularly and deeply toothed. — T. cristatus, Ehrenb-. in Walp. Ann. iv.
404"", and Schweinf. PI. .Ethiop. i. 29.

Nile Iiand. Dongola, Ehrenberg !

5. T. maximus, Torr. et Gray, Fl. North Amer. i. 213, var. minor.
A spreading herb or suffrutescent, hispid-pilose or pubescent. Larger leaf of.
each pair with 3-4 pairs of elliptic-oblong, subacute oi; obtuse, mucronate
leaflets, glabrate above. Peduncles shorter than or nearly equalling the
leaves, at length slightly thickened upwards. ^Flowers small, white. Ovary
pubescent, pyramidal, 10-celled. Calyx .persistent. — Kallstrcemia minor ^

Tribulus.'] XXXI. zygoprylle^ (oliver). 285

Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 269. T. pubescens, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 769 (ex Hook f
I.e.).

Upper Guinea. Cape Coast, 71 Voqel !
Chiefly coiitiiied to tropical America.

2. ZYGOPHYLLUM, Linn. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 266.

Sepals 5 or 4, persistent or deciduous. Petals as many, unpuiculate.
Stamens 10-8 ; filaments filiform, with a minute scale at the* base; anthers
small. Ovary sessile, 5-4-gonous, 5-4-celled ; style subulate or filiform ;
stigma minute. Ovules 2 or more. Fruit lobed* angled or winged, inde-
hiscent or separating into as many cocci as carpels or loculicidally dehiscent.
Seeds albuminous. — Frutescent herbs or shrubs, erect or prostrate, often
spinose. Leaves opposite, 1-2-foliolate, often fleshy. Stipules 2. Pedun-
cles solitary or geminate.

A considerable Old World genus, most numerous in extratropical Africa, Australia, and
the deserts of western Asia.

Leaves simple.

Leaves cylindric-clavate to obovate-oblong, 2-6 (-12) lines long.

Stamiual scale 2-fid. Fruit obovoid, 1-2 lines long. (Annual.) . \. Z. simpler.
Leaves orbicular to obovate, 1-2^ in. broad. Staniinal scale fimbri-
ate. Fruit deeply wiuged, ^-f in- diam 2. Z. orbiculatum.

Leaves 1 -jugate.

Papillose or hoary. Staminal scale entire. Fruit obcordate . . 3. Z. album.
Glabrous. Staminal scale entire. Fruit clavate-prismatic ... 4. Z. coccineum.
Glabrous. Staminal scale 2-fid. Fruit turbinate 5. Z. decumbent.

1. Z. simplex, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 705. A much-branched, diflfuse,
decumbent or ascending, rarely erect annual, or frutescent below and perhaps
biennial. Leaves of each pair 1-foliolate, unequal ; the larger from 2-3 lines
to ^ in. or more, fleshy, cylindric-clavate or flattened oblanceolate to obovate-
oblong, obtuse. Peduncles very short, not exceeding the small yellow flowers,
deflexed in fruit. Scales at the base of the filaments 2-partite. Fruit deeply
5-lobed, more or less broadly obovoid, about 1-1^ line long.

Nile Ijand. Nubia, Ehrenberg^ and other provinces of Nile Land {SchKeinf. et Asch.
Enum.).

Ijower Guinea. Benguella, Br. Curror ! Bengnella and Mossamedes, (a fine wrio
of varying forms), Dr. Welwitsch !

From Cape Verde Islands, eastward through North Africa to Scinde. Also at the Cap€.

2. Z. orbiculatum^ TFelw. mss. Glabrous, glaucous, shrubby below,
with oblique or ascending, succulent, terete branches, attaining l-l^ ft.
Leaves 1-foliolate ; leaflets plane, thickly fleshy, flabelhite-orbicular or ob-
ovate-spathulate, entire, shortly and cuneately contracted into the petiole,
glabrous, often -2-2^ in. broad. Stipules fleshy, ovate, obtuse, \ \ in.
Peduncles 2-3 together, 3-5 lines long, at length nearly 1 in. Petflls wliiic,
twice as long as the obtuse sepals ; apex rotundatc, denliculate. Staminal
scale fimbriate at the apex. Fruit broadly 5 -winged, depressed, obovoid,
subemarginate, 7-8 lines in diam. ; wings strongly reticulate.

286 XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLEiE (oliver). \_Zygop1iyllum.

laower Guinea. Mossamedes, Dr. Weltoitsch !

Description abstracted from manuscript kindly lent by Dr. Welwitsch.

3. Z. album, Linn. ; DC. Frod. i. 706. A minutely papillose-pubes-
cent or hoary, decumbent, irregularly branching shrub ; the branches often
as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves diphyllous, fleshy ; leaflets oblanceolate to
obovoid or ellipsoidal obtuse, 2-4 lines long, on a thick fleshy petiole of 2-5
lines. Peduncles -§— ^ in. Sepals rotundate or obovate-elliptical, slightly
concave or cucullate above. Petals with a roundish slightly toothed lamina,
with a distinct claw. Staminal scale entire or denticijate. Fruit deeply 5-
lobed, obcordate or turbinate-spherical ; the lobes occasionally produced and
divergent above, usually |—| in. in length. — Z. proliferum, Porsk. PI. iEgypt.
87 Ode Boiss. PI. Orient, i. 915).

North Central. Everywhere in the desert (Brown in Denh. et Clapp. App. 230).
Nile Land. Nubia {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum.).
Also in North Africa and Arabia.

4. Z. coccineum, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 706. Decumbent shrub,
similar in habit to Z. album, wholly glabrous. Leaves diphyllous, fleshy ;
leaflets clavate or cylindric-clavate to subobovoid, usually 2-3 lines long on
fleshy petioles of \-^ in. Peduncles -|— f in. Structure of flowers similar
to that of Z. album; the staminal scales entire or denticulate; the petals
somewhat apiculate. Pruit glabrous, clavate-prismatic, acutely 5-angled ;
apex retuse, 3-5 lines long. — Z. desertorum, Porsk. PL iEgypt. 87. Z.pro-

pinquum, Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. iii. 283 {jide Boiss. PL Orient.
1. 915).

Nile Land. Soturba hills, Nubia, Schweinfurth !

Egypt and Arabia, eastward to Scinde. — The flowers are said to be either white or rose.

5. Z. decumbens, Delile ; DC. Prod. i. 705. Much branching, de-
cumbent, woody below, glabrous. Leaves unijugate, fleshy ; leaflets plane,
obovate to oblanceolate, very obtuse, ^|- in. long ; petioles equalling or
slightly exceeding the leaflets. Plowers numerous. Peduncles ^— ^ in., at
length deflexed. Sepals obovate, cucullate, nearly equalling the oblong-
spathulate white petals. Staminal scales deeply 2-fid with acute teeth.
Capsule deeply 5-lobed, turbinate ; apex entire, the carpels coherent to the
extremity of the fruit, 2-3 lines long, 2-3 lines broad. — Delile, PL ^gypt.
Atlas, t. 27. f. 3.

Nile Land. Soturba hills, Nubia, Schweinfurth ! and in Egypt.
I have seen only fruiting specimens, which agree well with Delile's figure. The de-
scription of the flower is copied from Boissier's * Flora Orientalis,' i. 914.

3. FAGONIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 267.

Sepals 5, deciduous, imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 10 ; filaments fili-
form. Ovary sessile, pentagonous, 5-celled. Style subulate. Ovules gemi-
nate. Pruit pyramidal, deeply 5-lobed, separating in five 1-seeded cocci;
endocarp horny, finally separating. " Seeds albuminous." — Much-branched

Fayojiia.'] xxxi. zygophylle.i: (olive r). 287

spinose herbs. Leaves opposite, 1-3-foliolate. Stipules usually spiucsccMit.
Peduncles solitary, l-flowered, appart'utiy axillary.

A small genus of few variable species.

1. F. cretica, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 704. An erect'or nsccndin^'.
diffuse or densely-branched spinose annual, from a few inches to a foot or
more in height, glandular-puberulous, scabrid or glabrescent. Leaves 1-3-
foliolate ; leaflets sessile or subsessile, oval lanceolate or oblanctoiate, mu-
cronate, often rather fleshy, puberulous or glabratc ; petiole various, often
very short. Stipular spines slender, straight, shorter or longer than the
leaves. Flowers rose or lilac, " fragrant." Peduncles at length dcfltxcd.
Pruit apiculate, pubescent or glabrous. — F. arahica, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i.
704. F. glutinosa and F. latifolia, Delile, Fl. iEgypt. 86. t. 28. F. parri-
flora, F. Kahirana, and F. ihebaica, Boiss. Diag. PI. Or. Ser. i. fasc. viii.
121-124. F. armata, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 64. — For more extended
synonymy of this variable plant, see Anderson in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl.
i. 11.

North Central. Aghadem, Dr. Ondney ! E. Vogel !

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Ehrenberg, Speke and Grant! aud others; Abyssinia, Salt!
Schimper ! Red Sea, Nimmo !

Occurs on both shores of the Mediterranean, in S. extratropical Africa, throughout the
warmer dry parts of Asia, and again in Western N. and S. America.

The more important forms, recorded from Nubia or adjacent provinces, of this variable
species, and which by many botanists are regarded as of specific rank, are (the characters
briefly given in abstract from M. Boissier's ' Flora Orieutalis,' i. 904-908) : —

a. Glabrous, green. Extremities sulcate. Spines shorter than petiole. Leaflets 3, linear-
lanceolate, acute. — (F. cretica, Linn.)

b. Erect, green, shortly glandular. Extremities striate. Spines exceeding the acute
linear leaves. — {F. arabica, Linn.)

c Green, glabrous; twigs striate. Upper spines equalling the fleshy 1-3-foliolate leaves.
Leaflets oblong-cylindrical, obtuse, mucrouate. — {F. thebaica, Boiss.)

d. Glabrous, except the minutely mealy, terete, striate extremities. Spines exceeding the
1-foliolate leaves. Leaflets liuear-lanceolate. — {F. parviflora, Boiss.)

e. Viscid with sessile glands. Spines short. Leaflets minute, obovatc to oblanceolate,
obtuse or mucronate. — {F. glutinosa, Delile.)

f. DifiFuse, glandular-pilose. Spines short. Leaflets 1-3 ; median rotundate-cuneatc. —
{P. latifolia, Delile.)

4. SEETZENIA, K. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 266.

Sepals 5, oblanceolate, acute, valvate, deciduous. Petals 0. Stamenr.'i ;
filaments filiform, naked. Ovary oblong-clavnte, 5-sulcate. Styles 5, short,
radiating or recurved ; stigmas capitellate. Ovules solitary, pendulous. Friiit
of five 1-seeded crustaceous cocci, separating septicidally. — Prostrate herb
from a shrubby base or thick woody rootstock. Leaves opposite, 3-foliolatc,
with interpetiolar stipules. Flowers small, axillary, solitary.

Based upon a single wide-spread species, occurring at the Cape and from N. Africa ca»t-
ward to N.W. India. I have not seen intcrtrojjical specimens but cannot doubt its occur-
ring within our limits, although Willdenow's quotation of Sierra Ixrone as a station (under
Zygophyllum lanatum) is disputed by R. Brown (Denham and Clapp. .\pp. 2G).

1. S. africana, Br. in Denh. et Clapp. App. 26. Papillose or smooth.

288 XXXI. zYGOPHYLLEiE (oliver). [Seetzenia.

Leaflets flesliy, apiculate, the median obovate-cuneate, lateral oblique, ^ in.
long, more or less, rarely ^ in., exceeding or equalling the petiole. Pe-
duncles -i— ^ in., at length more or less recurved at the apex. Fruit ellip-
soid or subglobose, the carpels separating longitudinally and exposing the
smooth crustaceous endocarp more and more as it matures, ;|— ^ in. long. —
S. orientalis, Decne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. iii. 281. t. 7. Zyyophylluin
prostratum, Thunb. fide Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 366.

Nile Iiand. Upper Egypt !

With regard to ZygojthyUum. lanatum^ Willd., referred to above, it is described as woolly
at the articulations and with loug filiform styles, characters which do not well apply to the
specimens which I have seen.

5. NITRARIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. 1. c. 265.

Calyx small, usually 5-fid, persistent. Petals 5, rather fleshy, concave,
induplicate-valvate. Stamens 15, rarely fewer; filaments naked, subulate.
Ovary oblong-conical, " 2-6-celled with a solitary ovule in each cell;" stigma
3-(2-6-)lobed ; lobes adnate, shortly decurrent ; ovules ascending from pen-
dulous funicles, adnate near the middle. " Fruit narrow-conical, \ in. long
or less, with a thin pulpy epicarp and bony, longitudinally-sulcate, 1 -seeded
putaraen, separating into 6 subulate teeth at the apex. Seed exalbuminous."
— Glabrous or shortly silky-hoary shrubs, spinose or unarmed. Leaves alter-
nate or fasciculate, spathulate or cuneate, minutely stipulate. Flowers in
lateral scorpioid or corymbose cymes, sessile or pedicellate, white.

The two following are the only species of the genus which I have seen.

Leaves oblanceolate or spathulate, entire, usually obtuse. Flowers sessile

or subsessile 1. iV. Schoberi.

Leaves obovate- or oblanceolate-cuneate, usually 3-toothed at the apex

more or less. Flowers usually distinctly pedicellate 2. N. tridentata.

1. W. Schoberi, Linn.; DC. Vrod. iii. 456. A hoary or glabrous
shrub with rigid, often long, decurved branches, with or without short,
lateral, spinose ramuli. Leaves fleshy, fasciculate, oblanceolate- or obovate-
cuneate to elongate-spathulate, obtuse, entire, glabrous or minutely silky-
hoary, -1-1 in. long or more. Flowers in lateral subpaniculate scorpioid or
corvmbose cymes, exceeding the leaves, sessile or subsessile. — N. senegalensis,
Lain. ; DC. Prod. iii. 456; Lam. 111. t. 403. f. 2.

Upper Guinea. Senegal !

Also in dry and saline regions of Asia and Australia.

2. N. tridentata, Besf.; DC. Prod. iii. 456. Differs from the usual
forms of N. Schoberi in its more obovate-cuneate leaves usually 3-lobate or
3-dentate at the apex, \-^ in. long, 3-5 lines broad, and in the pedicellate
flowers ; pedicels frequently \ in. long or more. — Jaub. et Spach, 111. t. 293,
and N. sericea, t. 294.

I have no record of the occurrence of this species between the tropics, Caillaud (fide
Delile, Voy. a Meroe, 99) found it at Rayan, between Fayoum and Syouah. M. Boissier
reduces N. senegalensis, Lam. Encycl. iv, 493, Iliust. 403. f. 2, to this species, but I think
our Senegal specimen and Lamarck's figure agree better with N. Schoberi. The fruit of

Nitraria.] xxxi. zygophylle^. (oliver). 289

this shrub, of which I have uot seen very good specimens, Mr. Muuby bat suggetied may
have becQ the Lotos of the ancient lotophagi. It occurs in Norihcra Africa and eastward
to Syria.

Order XXXII. GERANIACE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

{Impatieyts, by Dr. J. D. Hooker.)

Flowers hermaphrodite, regular or irregular. Sepals 5, free or rarely
united below, usually imbricate, the posterior sometimes spurred. Petals 5
or rarely fewer by abortion. Stamens usually 10, all, 7, 6, or 5 only antheri-
ferous, rarely 15 or 5 all antheriferous ; filaments free or connate below;
anthers often versatile, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary usually 3-
5-lobed, 3-5-celled. Styles free or united ; stigmas various. Ovules 1, or 2
more or less superposed, rarely numerous. Fruit a 3-5-lobed capsule, usually
with a central produced beak, separating septicidally into as many cocci as
carpels or dehiscing loculicidally, rar6ly baccate. Seeds with little or no
albumen. — Herbs or more rarely shrubs, glabrous pubescent or glandular.
Leaves alternate or opposite, usually stipulate, simple or compound. Pedun-
cles axillary or leaf-opposed. Flowers solitary, umbellate or various.

A considerable Order with representatives in every quarter of the globe. Two of the
largest genera are very numerous at the Cape and characteristic of its Flora.

Tkibe Geraniese.' — Flowers regular or nearly so, usually with hypngynous glands.
Sepals net spurred. Leaves simple.

Stamens 15 . 1. Monsonia.

Stamens 10 2. Geranium.

Stamens 5 3. Erodium.

Tribe Felargoniese. — Flowers irregular. Posterior sepal with an adnate spur.

4. Pelargomcm.

Tribe Oxalideee. — Flowers regular^ hjpogynous. Glands 0. Leaves compound.

5. OXALIS.

Tribe Balsaxuinese. — Flowers irregular. Sepals coloured, the posterior spurred.
Leaves simple 6. Impatiens.

1. MONSONIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 271.
{Sarcocaulon^ DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. 1. c.)

Flowers regular. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 15, all an-
theriferous, in 5 connate phalanges of 3 each. Ovary 5-lobed, .') -celled ;
stigmatic lobes as many ; ovules geminate, obliquely superposed. Cocci se-
parating from the axis with revolute elastic tails pilose at the base within.—
Herbs or frutescent ; in sect. Sarcocauhji succulent. Leaves opposite or
alternate, toothed or cut, petiolate, stipulate; petioles spinescent in sect.
Sarcocaulon. Peduncles apparently axillary, l-2-(or scvcral-jtlowered.

A small genus, principally confined to the Cape.
Fleshy. Spinose. Peduncles 1-flowered {Sarcocaulon) . . ■ - 1- -V. Mossamedensu.
Neither feculent nor spinescent.

Procumbent or prostrate. Leaves ovate-cordate. Peduncles 1-

flowered 2- ^^- ''''^fP"'''**^'

Erect or decumbent. Leaves lanceolate. Peduncles 1-3. flowered Z. M. bijlora.

VOL. I. I-

290 XXX II. GERANiACEui: (OLIVER). [Monsotiia.

1 . M. mossamedensis, JVelw. mss. A low prostrate glabrate or mi-
nutely pulverulent shrub with thick, fleshy, divaricate branches, usually
fiercely spinose from the persistent rigid petioles. Leaves broadly ovate-
rotundate or subcordate, obscurely lobulate or sinuate, unequally denticulate,
glabrous or pulverulent, the larger from f-1^ in. long and broad ; petioles
f-1^ in., the lamina at length separating near the apex. T'lowers lilac-
purple, rather large, on 1 -flowered peduncles bracteolate below the middle
or at the base. Sepals elliptic-oblong, i-|- in. long, with an apiculus of 1-2
lines. Petals |~1 in. long. Filaments shortly polyadelphous. Fruit-car-
pels appressed-pilose below ; beak 1^-2 in., glabrous.

Iioveer Guinea. Mossamedes, Angola, Br. Welwitsck !

At once distinguished from the allied Cape species by the form of the leaves.

2. M, senegalensiSy Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 131. A diff'use
often frutescent herb with several or numerous procumbent, pubescent, mi-
nutely glandular branches spreading from the crown. Leaves cordaj:e-ovate
acute or rather obtuse and mucronate, repand-denticulate, glabrate above,
pubescent or pilose at least on the principal nerves beneath, f-l| in. long;
petioles pubescent or pilose, usually longer than the lamina, of the radical
leaves twice as long. Stipules subulate, sometimes rather rigid. Peduncles
1-flowered, with a pair of bracteoles near or below the middle, at which the
peduncle is at length sharply deflexed. Petals but little exceeding the sepals.
Carpels pilose ; beak 3 in. long, pubescent or glabrate ; tails pilose within.

Upper Gmnea. Senegambia, Perrottet and Leprieur, Bidjem !

Nile Liand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Upper Egypt and Kordofan, Kotschy !

Occurs in Namaqualand and again in "Western India. Nearly allied to M. ovata, Cav.,
of the Cape, which appears to have much larger flowers, loosely pilose branches with spread-
ing hairs, and irregularly crenulate leaves. 1 have not had good flowers of M. senegalensis
for examination.

3. M. biflora, DC. Trod. i. 638. An annual herb of 6 in. to 1 ft.,
usually branching near the base, erect or with some of the branches procum-
bent, pubescent or puberulous, usually sparsely scattered with long patent
hairs. Leaves oblong- or oval- to ovate-lanceolate, usually emarginate with
a mucro, irregularly or remotely dentate-serrulate, glabrescent excepting on
the nerves beneath, 1-2 in. long, \-\ in. broad. Petiole shorter than or
equalling the lamina. Stipules-narrow-subulate, rather pungent. Peduncles
1-2-3-flowered with 2-4 subulate-filiform bracteoles near or below the
middle. Petals not half as long again as the sepals in our specimens. Fruit
similar to that of M. senegalensis. — M. angustifolia, E. Mey. ; Rich. Fl.
Abyss, i. 115.

Nile Liand. Abyssinia, Schim-per !

Iiower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. Welwiisch!

Occurs at the Cape.

2. GERANIUM, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 272.

Flowers regular. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 10, usually
all antheriferous, free or connate at the base. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled;
stigmatic lobes as many ; " ovules geminate, more or less superposed." Cocci

Geranium.'] xxxii. geram acf.i: (olivrk). 291

l-seeded, usunlly separating from the beak-like axis, witli rcvolute elastic
tails. Seeds with little or no albumen. — Herbs, occasionallv shrubby or
caespitose. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate, palmately divided in the
following species. Peduncles 1-2-flowered, axillary.

A rather large genus, widely dispersed in temperate countries. The tropical .\frican
species which are known to me appear peculiar to this continent and its islands.
Carpels smooth, pilose. Flowerstalks usually exceeding the leaves.

Pilose or pubescent. Teeth of the leaves broadly pointed, mucronu-

late or rather obtuse 1. G.simmsi'.

Retrorsely aculeolate. Teeth of leaves acute 2. G. acuholalum.

Carpels deeply pitted and tubercled. Flowerstalks very short ... 3. G.fatoaum.

1. G. simense^ Hochst. in Rich. Ft. Abyss, i. 116. A diffusely-branched
procumbent or ascending herb. Stem pilose or pubescent with dcflexed
hairs at least above, often glabrescent below. Leaves 5 -fid or sub-5 -partite,
more or less deeply incised with broadly pointed mucronulate or rather ob-
tuse teeth, pilose-pubescent at least beneath. Petioles various, pilose or pu-
bescent. Stipules ovate-elliptical, obtuse or rather acute, subscarious, gla-
brescent. Peduncles and pedicels exceedino; the leaves. Sepals oblonp;-lan-
ceolate, rather obtuse, apiculate, pilose, eglandular, shorter than the entire
petals, which are obsoletely or slightly ciliate below. Carpels setose-pilose
above, smooth. — G. compar, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 65. G. laiiftipu-
latum, Hochst. ; Rich. 1. c. G. frigidum, Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss,
(ex Rich.)

Nile laand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Salt !

Var. repens. Stem very slender, rooting, patent-pilose. Peduncles elongate. — G. emir-
uense, Hils. et Boj. lus. iu Herb. Kew; Dr. Hooker in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 185.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 8-9000 ft., Mami !

Var. gJabrior. Stem glabrous or nearly so, attaining, probably with support, 4-8 ft.
Camaroons mountain, 7000 ft., Mann !

The variety which I have distinguished as repens agrees well with the Madagascar plant
of Hilsenberg and Bojer, as shown by Dr. Hooker (Linn. Journ. 6), but except in respect
of habit and indumentum, I see no character to distinguish either it or the glabrous form of
the Camaroons from G. simense.

2. G. aculeolatum, Olii\ Perennial. Branches decumbent nn<l root-
ing below or ascending, retrorsely aculeolate. Leaves 5-partite ; srgmeuts
deeply incised with acute teeth, sparsely setose-pilose beneath, glabrescent or
with "^scattered pubescence above, H-H i"- <l'='"^- ^'" pi'o^^'^'^lv often larger.
Peduncles with scattered recurved setae, 2-floweie(l, exceeding the leaves ;
pedicels and sepals glandular-pilose. Sepals oblong-lanceolate with a raliier
long apicidus. Petals entire, ciliate at the base, about twice as long as the
sepals. Carpels smooth, shortly pilose. Seeds very minutely punctate.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Roth !

Roth says the flowers are white. They are probably also purple.

3. G. favosum, Hochst. ; JRich. Fl. Mj/si. i. 117. Annual, ascending,
more or less branched, from 13 or 4 ft. in height. Branehes glandular-
pilose above, glabrescent below. Leaves 5-partite or deeply 5-fid ; segmcnU

292 xxxil. GERANiACEiE (oliver). [Geran'uim.

deeply somewhat piniiatifidly incised, usually with linear-oblong, toothed or
entire, rather acute lobes, glabre^ceat ; petioles of the stem-leaves pubescent
or patent-pilose, usually exceeding the lamina. Peduncles from the lower
axils very short or obsolete, upper 1-2 in., 2-flowered. Pedicels from 2 or 3
lines in the lower flowers to |-1 in. Sepals glandular-pilose. Petals ex-
ceeding or even about half as long again as the sepals, entire, claw scarcely
ciliate. Carpels deeply pitted in transverse lines with irregular intervening
tubercles, glabrous, separating with or without a tail. Seeds minutely
punctate.

Nile Ziand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Billon and Petit ! Plowden ! (a form with nar-
row leaf-segments.)

Var. suhlcevis. Fruit-carpels with faint transverse lines from the dorsal suture, punctate-
scabrid.

Upper Ghxinea. Camaroons mountain, 7000 ft., Mann I

3. ERODIUM, L'Her.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 272.

Same as Geranium, excepting that the antheriferous stamens are reduced
to 5, alternating with as many staminodia, and the leaves (in two of the
following species) pinnate. The petals are sometimes slightly unequal.

A widely spread geuus, including a few common weeds of cultivation and waste ground.
Of the latter are two of the following, which occur in Abyssinia.

Leaves pinnate.

Leaflets pinnately toothed or serrate, ascending to 2-3 ft 1. J?, moschaturn.

Leaflets pinuatipartite or &ub-2-pinnatifid, with acute segments.

Smaller throughout than E. moschaturn 2. E. cicutarium.

Leaves (radical) ovate-cordate, crenate, obscurely or distinctly 3-5-lobed.

Low pubescent herb Z. E. malapoides.

1. E. moschaturn, TFilld. ; DC. Frod. i. 647. Branches laxly papil-
lose-pilose, ascending, reaching 2-3 ft. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 9-13,
ovate to ovate-oblong, serrate or pinnately toothed or acutely incised. " Fila-
ments glabrous with a tooth on each side of the dilated base." Pruit and
beak 1^2 in. long.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum.).

Europe, North Africa, and elsewhere ; introduced into tropical countries and at the Cape.
Often faintly musk-scented.

2. E. cicutarium, Z'^(?V. ; DC. Prod. i. 646. Stemless or usually
with decumbent or ascending weak branches, considerably smaller in all its
parts than E, moschaturn ; laxly, often glandular, pilose. Leaves pinnate;
leaflets pinuatipartite or sub-2-pinnatifid with linear or oblong acute seg-
ments. "Pilaments glabrous, not toothed." Fruit and beak 1-1^ in. long.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Europe, North Africa, Asia, etc. E. allotrichum, Steud. (in Schimp. PI. Abyss.), ap-
pears intermediate between the two above species, the differences between which it is difficult
to define.

3. E. malapoides, TTilld. ; DC. Prod, i. 648. Stemless or with weak

Erodlum.] . xxxii. geraniace-t-: (oliver). S'Ji

decumbent or ascending branches more or less softly pubescent or pubescent-
tomentose. Eadical leaves ovate-cordate, obscurely or distinctly 3-5-lobed,
unequally crenate, on rather long petioles ; cauline ovate-oblong, lobed or
subpinnatifid. Beak slender, 1^-2^ in. long.

Nile Itand. Nubia {Schweivf. ei Asch. Enum.).

4. PELARGONIUM. L'Hcr. ; Benth. et Hook. f. (ion. I'l. i. 273.

Flowers irregnlar. Sepals 5, the posterior sepal with a spur adnate to the
pedicel. Petals 5 or fewer, the two upper dissimilar. Stamens 10, connate
at the base, 7 or fewer antheriferous. Ovary and fruit as in Geranium. —
Herbs or undershrubs, glandular, pubescent or glabrous. Leaves opposite
or alternate, stipulate. Flowers umbellate, on leaf-opposed axillary' or ra-
dical peduncles.

A large and characteristic Cape genus with but few outliers in tropical Africa, Western
Asia, and Australasia. I have not satisfactorily identified any of the following with (.'apt
species, excepting P. flabeJIifolium.

1-2 ft., erect or ascending. Leaves 5 -fid, remotely toothed. Pe-
tals 5. Pedicels 1^-2 in., glabrous or thinly pubescent . . \. P. multibractealum.
Subcsespitose with a short erect stem. Leaves 5-partite with

deeply 3-fid or subentire segments. Petals 5, entire. Pedicels

strigillose, %-\ in 2. P. quinquelobatum.

Stem short, fleshy, rough with persistent bases of stijudes.

Leaves incise-lobate, toothed. Petals emarginate . . . " . . . 3. f. cor I us erf o Hum.
Acaulescent or nearly so. I-eaves flabelliform, palmatifid or pal-

matipartite. ■ Segments entire or pinnatifid. Petals 5, entire . 4. P. flabeUifolium.
Prostrate. Leaves rotundate-reniform, obscurely lobed, crenate.

Petals 4 5. P. glechomoidet.

1. P. multibracteatum, Hochst. in Rich. Ft. Ahyss. i. 119. Stem
somewhat shrubby below, attaining 1-2 ft. or more, thinly pilose or strigil-
lose above, at length glabrous and shining, the older portions irregularly
knotty. Leaves membranous, palmatifid or sub-7-fid with broadly oblong
or ovate, obtuse or scarcely acute, remotely serrate or crenate-serrate segments,
more or less appressed-pilose or hispid-pilose especially beneath, or subseri-
ceous, 2-5 in. diam. ; petioles various up to 6 in. Stipules ovate or ovate-
elliptical, acute or acuminate, about ^ in. long. Peduncles elongate, 0 in.
to 1 ft. ; umbels 6-10-flowered ; bracteoles lanceolate, acuminate. Pedicels
l|-lf in. Calyx-spur adnnte nearly to the base of the pedicel. Petals 5,
obovate-spathulale, entire, twice as long as the linear- or oblong-lanceolate
apiculate sepals. — P. abyssinicum, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 65.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, thickets in rocky mountainous situations. Salt! Schimprr f

Roth ! and others.

Apparently allied to P. alchemilloides, Willd.

2. P. quinquelobatum, Huchsi. in Rich. Fl. Jlyss. i. 118. Stems
very short or attaining several inches from a subcjespitose rootstock, more or
less clothed with a deflexed pubescence intermixed with long patent luiirs.
Leaves 5-partite ; segments with one or two deep lateral rather obtuse lobes
near the middle, lobate-dentate or subentire and oblong or linear, obtuse or

294* XXXII. GERANiACE^ (oliver). [Pelargonium.

broadly pointed, with scattered appressed hairs or glabrate above, pilose- or
hispid-pubescent especially on the nerves beneath, 2-4 in. diam., on petioles
of 4-6 in. Stipules linear-lanceolate, at length reflexed. Peduncles elon-
gate, 6 in. to 1 ft., 6-8-flowered ; bracteoles subulate. Pedicels f- 1 in.,
strigillose ; spur adnate nearly to the base. Petals 5, oblong-spathulate,
entire. Antheriferous stamens about 6. Ovary and style densely pilose.

Nile Iiand. Abyssiaia, Schimper !

3. P. cortussefolium, UHer. Geran. ^.25. " Stem short, thick, and
fleshy, rough with persistent stipules. Leaves from the crown, on long pe-
tioles, cordate, inciso-lobate, undulate, unequally toothed, pubescent. Sti-
pules subulate, their bases persistent. Peduncles elongate, branched, with
many-flowered umbels. Calyx-tube four times as long as the ovate reflexed
segments; petals obovate, emarginate." — Harvey in Fl. Capensis, i. 300.

South Central. N.W. of the Cape Colony, lat. ^3° S., Hove.
Unknown to me excepting from the above reference.

4. P. flabellifolium, Harv. M. Cap. i. 277, var. Benguellense, Welw.
mss. Acaulescent or stem very short, from a thick tuberous stock. Leaves
coriaceous, on long erect peduncles of 2-6 in., broadly obovate- or rhomboid-
cuneate in circumscription, variously palmatifid or palmatipartite ; the seg-
ments entire incised or pinnatisect, retuse obtuse or acute ; the lobes from 1
line to 1 in. in breadth, more or less sparsely scattered with spreading hairs
or somewhat scabrid; nerves and reticulation very prominent: Stipules
entire or 3-partite, linear-subulate. Scapes erect, 4-6 in., puberulous ; um-
bels 6-10-flowered; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate. Pedicels 1-1^ in.
Calyx-spur adnate very nearly or quite to the base. Sepals oval-oblong,
subacute, about \ in. long. Petals red- or blackish-purple, obovate- or ob-
lanceolate-oblong, one-third longer to nearly twice as long as the sepals.
Beak slender, pubescent, 2 in. long,

Iioiver Guinea. Hnilla, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Also at Natal. The Angola plant differs from the type in its smaller flowers, which are
fewer to the umbel, the much shorter sepals, which are not acuminate, and in the less-
broadly ovate petals.

5. P. glechomoides, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 118. Stem prostrate, with
scattered spreading hairs. Leaves rotundate-reniform, obscurely 5-7-lobed,
broadly mucronulate-crenate, thinly pilose, especially on the nerves beneath,
or glabrescent, 1^-3|- in. diam., on petioles of 1-6 in. Stipules ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminate. Peduncles slender, with patent hairs, equalling or
shorter than the leaves, several-flowered. Bracteoles lanceolate acute. Pe-
dicels 1 in. or under ; spur adnate half their length or rather more. Petals 4,
2 oblong-spathulate, 2 obovate-spathulate, much narrowed below, entire,
about twice as long as the sepals. Antheriferous stamens 5, united at tiie
base, with alternating subulate staminodia. Carpels smooth, pilose.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Petit, Roth !

Resembles some forms of the Cape P. odoralissimum.

XXXII. GEKANlACEiE (oLIVER). 295

5. OXALIS, Linn. ; Bentli. et'Hook. f. Gen. ?1. i. 276.

Flowers regular. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 10, all antheri-
ferous, free or slightly connate at the base. Ovary S-lobed, 5-celle(l, with
5 distinct styles and capitate subcapitate or emarginate stigmas; ovules
1-QO. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally ; valves persisting around the axis or
spreading and free. Seeds albuminous, with a crustaceous testa. — Herbs,
acaulescent or caulescent, rarely shrubby. Leaves radical or cauline, alter-
nate, 3-foliolate or abruptly pinnate and multifoliolate, rarely with stipular
appendages. Peduncles radical or axillary, with 1 or more (usually umbel-
late) flowers, yellow white or red.

A large and widely-spread genus in both hemispheres, with upwards of 100 species, i»tcu-
liar or nearly so to the Cape, and a few widely disseminated tropical or subtropical weeds.

1 have not seen the specimen of '"'' Averrhoa ?" from Seoegambia, referred to iu the
' Niger Flora.'

Leaves trifoliolate.
Unbranched.

Peduncles 1-flowered.

Bulbs smooth. Flowers about 1 in. Sepals without apical

calli 1.0. obliquifoOa.

Bulbs angular, areolate. Flowers under 1 in. Sepals with

apical calli 2. 0. punctata, vir.

Peduncles 3-oo-flowered.

Stem 0 or short. Leaflets obcordate. Flowers purplish . . 3.0. caprina, var.
Stem 0 or elongate, slender. Leaflets 2-lobate, with ovate or

oblong-ovate divaricate lobes. Flowers small, purplish . . 4. 0. semiloba.
Leaflets obcordate-2-lobate ; lobes rounded. Flowers | in.,

yellow 5. 0. cemua.

Branching, with axillary peduncles 6. 0. comiculata.

Leaves abruptly pinnate, multifoliolate.

Sepals 5-7-nerved, exceeding the capsule . . . . ' 7-0. sensitiva.

Sepals 3-nerved, not exceeding the capsule 8. 0. abyssinica.

1. O. obliquifolia, Steud. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 123. Stem 0 or short
and rhizoraatous, from a dark brown ovoid or oblong bulb. Leaves tufted 3-
foliolate, glabrous or nearly so, on petioles of ^2 in. ; leaflets rather succu-
lent, cuneate, obtusely rounded above, entire or the median h-aflet ret use,
\-\ in. broad. Peduncles 1-flowered. glabrous, with a pair of narrow-subu-
late Qi- filiform bracteoles, sometimes with a second flower from one of the
latter, exceeding the leaves. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, apparently without
glandular calli. Petals 1 in. long or less, purplish above {Rich.).

Nile Iiand. Mountainous places, Abyssinia, Schimper ! Pariyru !
Nearly allied to 0. convexula, .Tacq., a Cape species, and perhaps a variety of it rather
than a distinct species.

2. O. punctata, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 699, var. glabrata, Sond. in Fl.

Cap. i. 335. Acaulescent or rhizomatous, from a bhickish ovoid areolate-
reticulate bulb. Leaves tufted, 3-foliolate, glabrous, on petioles of 1 2 J in. ;
leaflets broadly obovate-cuueate, broader than long, entire or thr median re-
tuse, depressed-punctate on the lower surface when dry, 3-4 lines broad.

296 XXXII. GERANIACE^ (OLIVER). [OxttUs.

Peduncles slender, 1-flowered, exceeding the leaves, glabrous, with a pair of
bracteoles above the middle. Sepals 2 lines long, obtuse, with minute apical
glandular calli. Petals 3-4 times longer than the sepals, glandular at the
apex, rose-violet. — 0. glabella, E. Mey. (Sond. 1. c).

Iio-^er Gruinea. Angola, prov. Huilla, Dr. Welwitsch !

Somewhat larger than our Cape specimens ; the sepals nearly twice as long.

3. O. caprina, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 696, var. abyssinica. Acau-
lescent or stem very short, from an oblong-ovoid bulb, covered with pale
shining brown scales, acute above. Leaves on petioles of 2 or 3 to 6 in.,
sparsely pilose below, with short membranous sheaths ; leaflets obcordate,
with broad rounded lobes, glabrous or nearly so. Plowers about \ in. long,
in 3-8-flowered umbels on elongate weak glabrous or pilose, succulent pe-
duncles exceeding the leaves. Pedicels and sepals thinly pilose-pubescent.
Sepals lanceolate, rather obtuse, with linear pale orange calli. Petals 2-3
times longer than the sepals, purplish. — 0. anthelmintica, Eich. PL Abyss, i.
124. t. 23. 0. %55iwica, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. xxxi. (1858) 432.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !
A Cape species.

4. O. semiloba, Sond. Ft. Cap. i. 350. Stem varying according to
habitat, short or obsolete, or in long grass erect, straight, 1 ft. or less.
Leaves 3-foliolate, in a terminal tuft, on long thinly pilose or nearly glabrous
petioles of 1-3 in. ; leaflets 2-lobate-cuneate, with ovate or ovate-oblong,
obtuse, divaricate lobes, sparsely pubescent or shortly pilose, at least beneath,
or glabrous, |— 1^ in. broad. Plowers \ in. or less, in 5-15-flowered umbels ;
peduncles slender, exceeding the leaves. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, rather
obtuse, with apical orange calli. Petals purplish, 2-4 times as long as the
sepals. Styles pubescent, recurved (in Dr. ATiVA^'s/'^wre).

liOTirer Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Mozaiub. Distr. Zambesi land, Manganya country, and Moramballa, up to 3000 ft.
{wdiV. parvijlora). Dr. Kirk!

O. semiloba is described as stemless, but we have it from withiu the limits of the Cape
flora with a distinct stem. It no doubt varies with habitat.

Dr. Welwitsch's specimens exhibit the attached bulbs, which are narrowly ovoid, clothed
with thin, shining, easily separable, membranous, brown scales.

*5. O. cemua, Thunb. ; i)C. Prod. i. 696.

I have only seen a fragmentary specimen, flowered at Kew, from seeds said to have been
sent home by Barter. — With or without a stem. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, on petioles of
several inches ; leaflets 2-lobate-cuueate, with rounded lobes. Flowers yellow,- about f in.,
in several-flowered umbels ; peduncles long, succulent, exceeding the leaves. Sepals ob-
long-lanceolate, rather obtuse, with apical glands, nearly half as long as the petals.

As mistakes from the intermingling of seeds, etc., are unavoidable in cultivation, this
species cannot be finally accepted as tropical African.

6. O. comiculata, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 692. A diff'use, procumbent
or ascending, branched, pubescent or shortly pilose herb, with a fibrous root.
Leaves very various in size, 3-foliolate, on slender petioles of 1-3 in. or

Oxalic.] XXXII. GERANIACEiE (oLIVElt). 297

more ; leaflets obeonlate-cuncate, with rounded lobes. Stipules minute, ad-
nate to the base of the petiole or obsolete. Peduncles axillary, 1-4-flowered,
shorter or longer than the leaves. Flowers yellow. Capsule subcylindrical,'
pubescent, pointed, 5-8 times longer than thesepals. — 0. procumfjens, Steud. ;
Kich. FI. Abyss, i. 123 (a small-leaved form). 0. radicosa, Rich. 1. c.

Var. )8. stricta (0. stricia, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 692). Erect or ascending. Slipulw ob-
solete. Pedicels usually ascending in fruit.

Upp«r Guinea. Camaroons and Fernando Po, 7000-9000 ft. Mann! rrincc's li-
land, Dr. Welwitsch !

Nile Land. Usui, Speke and Grant ! Abyssinia, Schimper ! iu)th !

Ijower Ouinea. Angola, Dr. Welipitsch!

Mozamb. Distr. Moramballa, Br. Kirk !

A weed of cultivation and waste ground, in nearly all warm countries.

7. O. (§ Biophyttim) sensitiva, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 690. Either
acaulescent or with an erect, usually unbranched, herbaceous or wiry stem, a
few inches to a foot in height. Leaves spreading in a terminal rosette or
crown, abruptly pinnate ; rachis usually pubescent or hispidulous ; leaflets in
6-14 sessile pairs, the upper pairs often larger, obliquely quadrate-rotundate
rhomboid-oblong or the lower subdeltoid, base more or less truncate, more or
less coriaceous, glabrous, the oblique or diagonal midrib and lateral veins often
prominent beneath. FloAvers in sessile, crowded or pedunculate, bracteate
heads. Peduncles rarely much exceeding the leaves. Flowers on very short
pedicels, exceeding or equalling the subulate bracteoles, yellow or red. Sepals
linear-lanceolate, attenuated to a fine point, 5-7-nerved, exceeding the cap-
sule. Styles varying in relative length, probably with other dimorphic con-
ditions, shorter or longer (to twice as long) than the ovary, spar^^ely hairy,
undivided. — Biophytum Petersianum, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossnmb. Hot.
81. t. 15.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ! Niger and Quorra, T. Vogel ! Irving ! Barter .' I a-
maroons, Mann !

Nile Iiand. Uiiyoro, Speke and Grant! "White Nile, Murie !

liower Guinea. Angola, prov. Pungo Andongo, Dr. Welicitsch !

Mozamb. Distr. Quillimane, Dr. Kirk ! Q,uerimba and Zanzibar {Klotzsch, I.e.).

Also in tropical Asia.

Klotzsch describes his plant as with 2-fid styles ; but from what I have seen of thc»c in
our specimens from the same country, 1 believe that this splitting takes place with matu-
ration, and that the fission is continuous with the line of loculicidal dehiscence.

8. O. (§ Biophytum) abyssinica, Steud.; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 122.
Very similar to the above in habit, perhaps usually more slender and the
leaves more membranous. Peduncles usually equalling, or falling but little
short of, the leaves. Sepals linear-lanceolate', strongly 3-nerved, falling short
of or nearly equalling the ripe capsule.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, iSchimper !

Xiower Guinea. Angola, prov. Pungo Andongo, Dr. Welwitsch !

0. (Biophytum) n. sp. 1 In habit similar to the above. Ixatkts in uuiucrous ^aboul 10 )

298 XXXII. GERANiACE^ (oliver). lOxalis.

pairs, obliquely rectangular-oblong, somewhat pointed. Flower-heads on very short pedun-
cles ; bracts very numerous, aristate, more or less spreading or squarrose, equalling or ex-
ceeding the flowers, which are described as " red and white, becoming purple on withering."
Styles elongate. Ovules about 3 in each cell. Seeds rugose-tuberculate.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson !

Much resembling 0. dendroides, but the flower-heads more like those of 0. lindscecefolia.

6. IMPATIENS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 277.
(By Dr. J. D. Hooker.)

Flowers irregular. Sepals 3 (rarely 5) ; 2 lateral small, green ; lower very
large, coloured, conical, funnel-, boat- or trumpet-shaped, spurred. Petals
3 ; back one usually erect and orbicular, often keeled or winged at the back ;
lateral very variable in shape and size, spreading laterally and hanging down,
more or less 2-lobed or auricled at the base. Stamens .5 ; filaments short,
flattened ; anthers connate or cohering over the stigma. Ovary enclosed in
the tube formed by the filaments, 5-celled ; stigma sessile, 5-toothed ; ovules
numerous. Capsule elastically splitting into 5 twisted valves. — Annual,
often tender or succulent herbs, rarely shrubby below, or perennial. Leaves
opposite whorled or alternate, toothed serrate or crenate ; the serratures or
teeth with glandular cilia on their tips or between them. Petioles often
glandular as are the tips of the bracts and sepals. Flowers often beautiful,
solitary, fascicled, racemose or subumbellate.

A very large Indian genus, also abundant in tropical Africa, but of which the species are
most difficult to preserve, and hence to describe from dried specimens. In the following
diagnoses, the 2 small, green, lateral sepals alone are called sepals ; the spurred sepal lip ;
the posterior ^eisl standard ; and the two lateral wmgs.

A. Flowers solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves (pedicels rarely collected on a

short common peduncle).

o. Lip large^ trumpet- or boat-shaped^ with a short stout incurved spur.

* Winys and standard not broader than the orifice of the trumpet-shaped lip.

Flowers densely fascicled. Sepals minute \. I. bicolor.

Flowers subsolitary. Sepals broad 2. /. buccinalis.

** Wings very large, broader than the large boat-shaped lip . . . 3. /. Mackeyana.

j8. Lip with a long, slender, straight or incurved spur.

* Spur nearly straight, not much longer than the body of the lip.

Flowers 15-2^ in. diam., hairy 4. J. Burtoni.

Flowers s-f in. diam., glabrous 5. /. Mannii.

** Spur much longer than the body of the lip.

Stem and leaves below glabrous or nearly so. ^

Leaves oblong, crenate, with cilia in the crenatures 6. /. capensis.

Leaves lanceolate, acutely serrate 1.1. Irvingii.

Stem and leaves below pubescent 8. /. Kirkii.

B. Flowers racemed or umbelled at the end of a long common peduncle.

a. Lip elongate -conic or trumpet-shaped, gradually narrowed into the short stout spur.
* Leaves opposite or tohorled 9. /. Sakenana.

Impatieyis.'] xxxii. gekaniace/E (olivek). 299

** Leaves alternate.

Stem 1-2 in. Leaves cordate. Peduncle solitary, very long . . . \0. I. palpebrata.
Steni 2-3 ft. Leaves not cordate. Peduncles numerous.

Wings narrow-linear H. I. hiam.

Wings very large, broad. Leaves crenate, with cilia in the crena-

tures 12. /. macroptera.

Wings broad. Leaves serrate \:\. I. Ruthti.

fi. Lip with a long slender spur. Flowers umbelltd.

* Lip funnel-shaped, gradually narrowed into a pendulous spur, 2-1

in. long 'W, I. tinctona.

** Lip very short, suddenly narrowed into a slender spur.

Leaves serrate Bracts large. Spur up-curved, twice as long as the

wings 15. /. abyttinica.

Leaves serrate. Bracts small. Spur 4-5 times as long as the wings. 16. /. Walleriana.
Leaves crenate. Bracts large. Spur as long as the wings . . . .17. I.filicomu.

1. !• bicolor, Hook.f. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc.y'x. 7. Stem 1-3 ft., woodv
below. Leaves alternate, glabrous, 3-5 in., oblong-ovate, crenate, narrowed
into slender glandular petioles. Flowers crowded in the axils of the upper
leaves; pedicels 1-2 in. Standard short, greenish-white. Wings of the
same colour, deeply 2-lobed, as short as the mouth of the lip which they
close. Lip f in. long, forming a long purple sac, with a turned-up short
cylindric spur. — Bot. Mag. t. 5366.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po (Dec), Camaroons mountain (Feb.), and Sierra del
Crystal (July), alt. 3000-4000 ft., Mann I

2. I. buccinalis, Hooh.f. inJourn. Linn. Soc. vii. 187. Tall, 12-15 ft.,
branched, glabrous, woody below. Branches often zigzag. Leaves 3-5 in.,
petioles slender, ^-1 in., oblong-lanceolate, crenate with cilia in the crena-
tures. Flowers solitary or nearly so ; pedicels \-\\ in. Sepals large, orbi-
cular-ovate. Standard with a broad dorsal wing. Wings suborbicular, not
longer than the mouth of the lip. Lip \-\\ in. long, trumpet-shaped, with
a short, thick, sometimes double, incurved or involute spur.

Upper Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, alt. 4000 ft., Mann ! —CoXovlt of flower un-
known.

3. I. Mackeyana Hooh.f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 188. Short, 1 i f(K)t,
stout, glabrous, herbaceous. Leaves crowded at the top of the stem, sprejul-
ing, 4-7 in., narrow-lanceolate, tapering into petioles of 1-4 in., sharply ser-
rate ; the serratures tipped with cilia. Flowers solitary or the slender pedi-
cels crowded on a short peduncle, very large, purple. Sepals oblong-ovnte.
Standard orbicular, keeled. Wings \-\^ in. long, broadly obovate, with large
rounded lateral lobes. Lip boat-shaped, large, rather shallow, with a short
up-curved spur.

Upper Guinea. Sierra del Crystal, on rocks in rivers (Feb.), Mann !

4. I. Burtoni, Hook. /. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 187. Herbact-ous,
2-3 ft., sparsely pilose. Leaves alternate, 3-5 in., on slender iHitioles,

aOO • XXXII. GERANIACE^ (oLIVER). [ImpattPns,

ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, crenulate. Flowers pilose, solitary, on slender
pedicels l|-3 in. long. Sepals lanceolate. Standard orbicular. Wings
semiorbicular, f in. long, with suborbicular lateral lobes. Lip conical, with a,
slender spur about its own length.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, alt. 2000-4000 ft. (Dec, July), Mann I

5. I. Mannii Hook.f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 7. Herbaceous, 1-2 ft.,
slender, glabrous. Stem often rooting at the lower nodes. Leaves distant,
alternate, 1-|— 3 in., ovate or oblong-ovate, crenate, naiTOwed into slender
petioles of 1-2 in. Flowers rather small, light red, solitary or in pairs ; pe-
dicel very slender, ^-I in. Sepals minute. Standard small, orbicular. Wings
broadly and obliquely semiorbicular, each \~^ in. broad, wdth slender claws
and short recurved spur-like auricles at the base of the blade. Lip funnel-
shaped, with a slender spur. Capsule pendulous, linear.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 2000-4000 ft. (April and Dec.) ; Camaroons moun-
tain, ^000-3000 ft. (Dec), Mann!

6. I. capensis, Thunh. ; Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 312. Herbace-
ous, glabrous, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, 1-3 in., ovate or oblong-
ovate or lanceolate, crenate, with cilia in the crenatures, their base and pe-
tioles sparingly ciliated. Flowers solitary, on slender pedicels longer than
the petioles. Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Standard rather small, keeled.
Wings falcate, obtuse, \ in. long, 2-lobed at the outer side. Lip funnel-
shaped, tapering into a long slender spur.

LiO'wer Guinea. Angola, prov. Pungo Andongo, Dr. Welwitsch !
Mozamb. Distr. Mount Chiradzura, Manganya range (Sept.), Dr. Meller !

This appears to be the same as the S. African plant found in Natal, Uitenhage, and the
Orange Free State, but it is impossible to compare the dried flowers accurately.

7. I. Irvingii, Hook.f. Herbaceous, succulent, 2-4 ft., glabrous or
slightly pubescent in the upper parts. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite,
3-5 in., on very short petioles, lanceolate, serrulate. Flowers solitary or in
pairs, red. Pedicels very slender, 3-6 in. Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Standard
orbicular, \vith a broad dorsal-wing. Wings broad, laterally 2-lobed, ^ in.
broad. Lip small, suddenly contracted into a slender up-curved spur, 1^ in.
long. Capsule short, oblong, narrowed at both ends.

Upper Guinea. Abbeokuta, Dr. Irving! wet places along the banks of the Niger,
Barter !

8. I. Barkii, Hook.f. Herbaceous, tall, simple. Stems rather stout,
densely pubescent. Leaves 4-5 in., on short petioles, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acutely serrate, pubescent below. Flowers solitary or in pairs ; pe-
duncles 3-4 in., very slender, pubescent. Sepals lanceolate. Wings orbi-
cular, 2-lobed, about -^ in. diam. Lip boat-shaped, pubescent, suddenly con-
tracted into a slender pubescent spui', 1 in. long. Capsule as in /. Irvmgii.

Var. o. Leaves lanceolate, narrowed into the petioles. Stem tomentose.
Mozamb. Distr. Lake Nyassa, western side (Sept.), Dr. Kirk!

Impatiens.'] xxxii. geraniacea: (oliver). 30l

Var. )8. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, very pale beneath, acute or almost rouuded at the haw?.
Stem slightly pubescent.

Iiower Quinea. Angola, prov. Ambaca, 3000 ft.. Dr. Weluntsch !

9. I. Sakeriana, Hook.f. in Jonm. Linn. Soc. vii. 185. Herbaceous,

glabrous or pubescent above, 6-8 ft. high. Leaves in whorls of 3-8, rarely
opposite, 2-6 in., petioles 1-3 in., oblong-lanceolate, crenate or serrate,
with short cilia on the teeth or in the crenatures. Flowers 2-8, racemed on
the ends of stout peduncles that are longer than the leaves. Bracts small,
short, broad. Pedicels slender, f-1 in. Sepals small, broad. JStnndard
short, concave, apiculate. Wings seniilunate, scarcely longer than the mouth
of the lip, 2-lobed. Lip funnel- or trumpet-shaped, gradually narrowed into
a short spur with a swollen tip, together | in. long. Capsule short, acumi-
nate.

Upper Ouinea. Caraaroons mountain, 7000 ft. (July and Nov.), Mann!

10. I. palpebrata. Hook. f. in Joum. Linn. Soc. vii. 186. Small.
Stem 2 in., herbaceous, annual, glabrous. Leaves few, 1 in,, alternate, ovate-
or oblong-cordate, deeply coarsely crenate, with a few long cilia at the base ;
petioles |-1 in. Flowers small, purple and green, racemed at the end of a
slender, solitary, erect peduncle 3 in. long. Bracts small. Pedicels \ in.
Sepals minute. Standard small. Wings linear-oblong, pendulous, with
small auricles at their bases. Lip shallow, rather suddenly contracted into a
short, stout, straight spur ^ in. long, the tip of which is bent forward and
acute. Capsule small, short.

Upper Guinea. Sierra del Crystal (July), Ma)/>i !

11. I. hians, Hook. f. in Joum. Linn. Soc. vi. 7. Herbaceous, 2 ft.,
glabrous. Leaves alternate, distant, 2-4 in., broadly ovate, rounded at the
base, shallowly crenate, with cilia in the crenatures and veiy long ones at the
base; petiole very slender, 1-2 in. Flowers dark red and greenish, racemed
on axillary rather stout peduncles. Bracts ovate, acute. Pedicels J in.
Sepals lanceolate. Standard concave. Wings linear, narrow, notched on
the outer margin, as long as the mouth of the lip. Lip with a very oblique
mouth, elongate funnel-shaped, straight, \ in. long, with a short, tluck, in-
flexed tip. Capsule linear.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, alt. 1000-2000 ft. (Dec), Mann !

12. I. macroptera, Hook.f. in Joum. Linn. Soc. vii. 1S6. Herbace-
ous, 2-4 ft., glabrous, branched. Leaves alternate, 3-6 in., on slender pe-
tioles of 1-2 in., ovate, long-acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, cre-
nate with cilia in the crenatures. Flowers large, umbelled at the apex of a
peduncle 4-6 in. long. Bracts large. Pedicels short, \ I in. Sepals
dimidiate-ovate. Standard orbicular, apparently horned at the back. Wings
very large, 1^2 in., pendulous, obovate, with suborbicular auricles. Lip
broadly obliquely trumpet-shaped, suddenly contracted to a short incurved
spur.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 4000-5000 ft. (April) ; Sierra dil Crystal (July),
Mann !

302 xxxii. GERANiACE^ (oliver). [Impatiens.

13. I^ Rothii, Rook./. Herbaceous, glabrous. Leaves alternate, 4-5
in. long;, 2 in. broad, on petioles |— 1 in. long, broadly lanceolate or ovate-
or oblong-lanceolate, serrate ; nerves diverging. Flowers 3-6, umbelled at
the end of stiflF, stout, common peduncles 3-6 in. long. Bracts large. Pe-
dicels ^|- in. Sepals broadly ovate-oblong. Standard suborbicular, acute.
Wings large, broad, pendulous, auricled. Lip trumpet-shaped, gradually
narrowed into a stout ascending spur.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Ankober, in wet, shady places (August), Roth!
Flowers very imperfect, perhaps a form of the following.

14. I. tinctoria. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 120. Herbaceous, glabrous,
branched ; roots tuberous. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, narrow ob-
long-lanceolate, serrate ; nerves very oblique, almost parallel to ihe margin.
Flowers large, white, 3 or more umbelled at the apex of a stout peduncle
3-4 in. long. Bracts large, i in. broad, oblong. Pedicels ^-1 in. Sepals
large, broad, oblong-cordate. Standard \ in., orbicular, acute. Wings broad,
large, pendulous, undulate, subspatbulate. Lip broadly conic, tapering into
a long, straight, pendulous spur, together 3 in. long. Capsule oblong-clavate.
— l.flagellifera, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, mountains of Sana and Tigre, Billon ! Schimper !
The root is used to staiu the hands and feet of a reddish colour. Vernacular name,
"Enssesella" (A. Rich. I.e.).

15.1. abyssinica^ Hook.f. Herbaceous, glabrous. Leaves alternate,
3-4 in., on stout petioles of 1 in., ovate-lanceolate, serrate; nerves diverging.
Flowers umbelled at the top of stout peduncles 3-5 in. long. Bracts rather
large, ^ in. Pedicels \-\ in. Sepals dimidiate-ovate. Standard concave,
orbicular, acute. Wings pendulous, broad. Lip small, short, suddenly con-
tracted to a slender, curved, ascending spur, 1-1^ in. long.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Ankober, in wet places (July), Roth !

Very similar in foliage to /. Rothii, but the lip and spur quite diflferenfe. Possibly both
are forms of /. tinctoria.

16. I. "Walleriana, Hook. f. Herbaceous, glabrous. Leaves alter-
nate, 2-3 in., petioles |-ly in., broadly ovate-acuminate, coarsely serrate,
ciliate at the base ; nerves diverging. Flowers 2-3, umbelled at the apices
of slender peduncles 1-2 in. long. Bracts small, narrow. Pedicels |-1 in.
Sepals lanceolate. Standard oblong-orbicular, acute. Wings large, broad.
Lip very small, tapering at once into a slender ascending spur, with a swollen
apex, \^ in. long. Capsule short, swollen in the middle.

IKEozaxnb. Distr. Moramballa, 2000 ft., on stones in streams (Dec), Dr. Kirk ! and
Mr.ff. Waller!

17.1. filicomu, Hook.f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 6. Herbaceous, glabrous,
a foot or more high. Stem below rooting at the nodes. Leaves alternate,
2-3 in. long, on long slender petioles 1-3 in. long, broadly ovate or ovate-
oblong, very shallowly crenate with cilia in the crenatures ; nerves diverging.
Flowers small, light purple, numerous, umbelled at the apex of long slender
3-6 in. peduncles, which are scarred by the fallen bracts. Bracts imbricate,

Impaiiena.'] xxxii. ofraniace.t (omvf.r). 303

boat-shaped. Pedicels very slender, strict, },-} in. Sepals broadK ovate-ob-
long. Standard orbiciilar-obloncr, acute. Winers spreadiiicr, subfalcate ; auricles
divergino^, falcate, ascendinir ; limb latcially lobed. Lip boat-shaped, suddenly
narrowed into a very slender nearly straight spur, \ in. long. Capsule \ in
long, gibbous, acute.

Upper Quinea. Fernando Po, 4000-5000 ft. (Dec); Sierra del Cnstal (Juh).
Mami !

Nile Land. Abyssinia, moist clifts, prov. Semiene (August), Schimper !

Mann sends a small rigid form from Sierra del Crystal, with lanceolate leaves, 1 IJ in.
long and longer cilia to the crenatures.

I. macrantha, Hochst. ; A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 121, is unknown to me ; it is described
as having fibrous roots, alternate elliptic-ovate leaves that are atteniiatcd at the base, toothed,
the teeth terminating in a red seta and scattered setse on the under side, middle-sized axil-
lary solitary or twin tlowers, lanceolate sepals and a long slender spur. Can it be a form
of /. capensis ?

Order XXXIII. RUTACEffi (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers usually regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals 4 5, free
or connate. Petals as many, imbricate or valvate. Stamens as many or
twice as many as the petals, rarely fewer or more numerous. Disk usually
annular or cushion-like, between the ovary and stamens. Ovary 4-5-car-
pellary ; carpels more or less connate, at least in the style, or free, rarely 1 -
carpellary. Ovules geminate or solitary. Fruit various, separating into as
many cocci as carpels or baccate. — Trees shrubs or rarely herbs, usually
abounding in immersed glands. Leaves exstipulate, opposite or alternate,
simple or compound. Inflorescence various.

A large Family of warm and tropical regions in both hemispheres. Several numerous
genera are peculiar to the Cape flora.

Herbaceous. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 8-10. Ovules 3 or

more in each cell 1. Ruta.

Shrubs or trees.

Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as petals. Carpels distinct

in fruit 2. Zantmoxvm M.

Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals.

Carpels consolidated . 3. Toddalia

Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens twice as many as petals. Fruit

indehiscent. Seed exalbumiiious 4. Clai'sena.

[Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamcus go, polyadelphous. Fruit bac-
cate, multilocular * CitBis.

The Orange, Lemon, and their allies, cultivated here and there.]

1. RUTA, Linn. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 28G.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-lobrd, persistent. Petals
4-5, often toothed or fimbriate. Stamei'is 8-10. Ovary inserted upon h
thick urceolate or annular disk, deeply 4-5-lobed, 4 ."j-celJed. Style central.
Fruit separating into many several-seeded cocci as carpeb, indehiscent or

304 XXXIII. RUTACE^ (OLIVER). [Ruta.

opening at the apex. Seeds albuminous. — Herbs, often shrubby below,
glandular-punctate. Leaves alternate, often pinnati- or 2-pinnatisect.
Flowers in terminal corymbose cymes.

A considerable genus of the Mediterranean region, Atlantic Islands, and Western Asia.

Flowers usually 4-merou3. Petals fimbriate. Leaves divided . . . 1. R. graveolens.
Flowers usually S-merous. Petals entire. Leaves undivided {Haplo-
phytum). 2. R. tuberculata.

1. R. graveolens, Linn.; DC. Frod. i. 710, var. bracteosa. Leaves
2-pinnatipartite ; segments oval- or oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse. Bracts
sessile, ovate or cordate-based, amplexicaul. Petals fimbriate. Filaments
glabrous.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Dillon and Petit !

Perhaps only cultivated. Mediterranean region, Syria, etc.

2. R. tuber culata^ Forsk, ; DC. Frod. i. 711. More or less pro-
nrnnently gland-tubercled. Leaves undivided, linear, oblanceolate to ol)ovate-
cuneate. Petals entire. Filaments pilose. — Haplophytiim., A. de Juss. in
Mem. Mus. xii. 528. t. 17. f. 10.

Nile I<and. Nubia, Schweinfurth ! Ehrenherg ; White Nile, Cienkowski.
North Africa eastward to Scinde.

2. ZANTHOXYLUM, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 297.

Flowers polygamous (or dioecious?). Calyx 4-5-fid or -partite; segments
imbricate. Petals 4-5, free, imbricate or valvate. Male ti. : Stamens as
many as and alternate with the petals, hypogynous. Ovary rudimentary.
Female fl. : Stamens 0 or scale-like. Carpels 1-5, oblique, each l-celled,
usually biovulate. Fruit of 1-5 cocci, dry or drupaceous, usually opening
in 2 valves, 1-seeded. Seed^ with a crustaceous or bony testa and straight
or curved embryo in the axis of a fleshy albumen. — Shrubs or trees, glabrous
or pubescent, with or withoui prickles. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, 3-
or 1-foliolate ; leaflets articulate, entire or crenulate, glandular-dotted.
Flowers small, white or greenish, in terminal and axillary panicles. Fruit,
often the entire plant, aromatic or pungent.

A considerable tropical genus. The following species appear to be endemic.

flowers sessile, 5-merous. Leaves multifoliolate, 2-3 ft. ; leaflets

5-8 in. long \. Z. macrophyllum.

Flowers sessile. Leaves 5-9-foliolate ; leaflets obovate-oblong, ob-
tuse or broadly apiculate 2. Z. senegalense.

Flowers equalling the pedicels. Leaves 5-9-foliolate ; leaflets el-
liptical, acuminate, 4-5 in. by £5 in Z. Z. melanacanthum.

Flowers equalling the pedicels, usually 4-merous. Leaves multi-
foliolate; leaflets oval» acuminate, 2-3 in. by 1-1^ in. ... 4. Z. rubescens.

Flowers 5-merous. Leaves 13-15-foliolate, rachis 5-8 in. ; leaflets

ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. by ^-^ in h. Z. Lepiieurii.

1. Z.? macrophyllum, O/zt;. A glabrous tree of 30-40 ft. Prickles

Zanlhoxylum.'] xxxiii. rutace.?: (oliver). 305

of extremities and common petiole sprendin*; or asct-iuling. Leaves multi-
foliolate, 2-3 ft. or more in length ; leaflets rather coriaceous, shortly pelio-
luiate, oblong or varying from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, shortly and rather
abruptly acuminate, very oblique at the ))ase, semi -cordate or one side
broadly rounded; 0-8 in. long, 2|-3 in. broad. Male fl. very numerous, in
large pyramidal branching panicles 1-2 ft. long collected toward the ex-
tremities of the branches, in the axil of lanceolate bracts ^ -1 in. lon^ ; mi-
nute, 5-raerous, sessile or subsessilc. Petals slightly indjricate. Rudiment
of the pistd subulate, upon a thickened disk, rem'ale flower and fruit not
seen.

Upper Guinea. Prince's Island, Manri !

2. Z. senegalense, DC. Frod. i. 726. A glabrous shrub or tree at-
taining 20 ft. Prickles of the extremities and common petiole usually more
or less recurved, ^cute. Leaves 5-9-foliolate ; leaflets alternate or subop-
posite, petiolulate, rather coriaceous, obovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, apex
rounded and very shortly and broadly apiculate depressed or retuse, cuneate-
rounded at the base, 2-3^ in. long, 1-1| in. broad; petiolules articulated,
^ in. or less. Flowers small, white, sessile ; in terminal branching panicles
or in the axils of the uppermost leaves 3-6 in. long or more. Male flowers
pentamerous. Petals imbricate. Rudiment of pistil subulate, upon a
thickened central disk. Fmits rather crowded, in paniculate clusters shorter
than the leaves, 1-carpellary, 1-seeded. Seeds shining, blue-black. — Fagara
zanthoxyloides. Lam. Encycl. ii. 446. Zanlhoxylum pulygamum, Schum. et
Thonn. Guin. PI. 433 (ex descr.).

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Perrotiet ! Cape Coast, T. Voyel ! Niger, Barter !

3. Z. melanacanthum. Planch, in Herb. Keic. Glabrous. Prickh-s
strong, straight, acute. Leaves apparently 5-9-foliolate ; leaflets mem-
branous, elliptical, shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, rounded at the
base, broadly crenulate, 4-5 in. long, 2| in. broad, subsessile or very
shortly petiolulate. Female flowers in terminal, minutely puberulous pa-
nicles, shorter than the leaves in our specimens. Flowers 4-merous, equal-
ling the pedicels. Sepals minute, rotundate. Petals oblong-lanccoiati-, at
length revolute above. Carpel solitary. Male flower and mature fruit not
seen.

Upper Ghiinea. Sierra Leone, T. Vogel ! Jfzelius !

4. Z. rabescens. Planch, in Fl. Nigrit. 270. A glabrous prickly shrub
of 6 ft. Branches reddish, with acute recurved prickles. Leaves pinnate,
8-10 in., common petiole aculeolate ; leaflets "about 11," broadly oval or
oblong-elliptical with a narrow obtuse acumen, cuneate or rounded nl the base,
entire or obsoletely serrulate above, 2-32- >"• '<^>"g. ^ U '"• ^road. Male
flowers whitish, in large, many-flowered, somewhat pyramidal, minutely pu-
berulous, temainal panicles ; tetramerous. Pedicels blender, about eqxialling
the flower. Sepals minute, rotundate, ciliolate. Petals rather tliin, elliptic-
lanceolate, slightly imbricate. Rudiment of ovary minute. Female flower
and fruit not seen.

306 XXXIII. RUTACE^ (oLiVEii). {Zanthoxyluw, .

Upper Guinea. Cape Coast, T. Vogel ! (? Sierra Leone, Afzelius.)

5. Z. Leprieurii, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 141. Branches rigid,
terete, prickly. Leaves 13-15-foliolate, glabrous; leaflets ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, narrowed to the base, denticulate, shining above, paler beneath,
sessile, 1-2 in. long, 4-6 lines brbad ; common petiole 5-8 in., aculeate.
Flowers (female only known) small, m terminal spicate racemes. Sepals 5,
minute, roundish. Petals 5, much longer than the sepals, ovate-oblong,
obtuse, subemarginate, reflexed. Ovary 1-2-ovulate, ovoid-oblong. Style
lateral, incurved.

XTpper Guinea. Senegambia, Lepneitr.

Zanthoxylum Leprieurii I have failed to identify amongst our collections. It was de-
scribed from incomplete specimens with pistillate flowers only, so that possibly Z. nihescens^
to which it is evidently nearly allied, may prove to be the same, though differing apparently
in the symmetry of the tlowers.

The "■Zanthoxylum ?" referred to in Fl. Nigrit. 271, from Cape Palmas {Ansell) is im-
possible to identify and not worth describing.

3. TODDALIA, Juss. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 300.

Nearly as in Zantlioxylum. Flowers unisexual. Petals imbricate or val-
vate. Malefl. : Stamens 2, 4, 5, 8, or 10. Female fl. : Ovary 2-5(-7)-
celled, rarely 1-celled, entire. Fruit fleshy or coriaceous, 2- or. more celled.
— Shrubs, often scandent, with or without prickles. Leaves alternate, 3-
foliolate ; leaflets glandular-dotted.

A small genus of the warmer regions of the Old World.

Unarmed. Leaflets elliptic-oblong, acuminate. Panicles axillary and

terminal. Stamens 4. Petals valvate. Ovary" 1-celled . . . . \. T. nohilis.

Unarmed. Leaflets elongate-oval. Panicles terminal. Stamens 8.

Ovary normally 4-cellcd 2. 71 lanceolata.

Prickly. Leaflets oblanccolatc or broadly oval, obtuse. Ovary 5-celled 3. T.f' sp.

1. T. nobilis, llook.f. in Gen. PL i. 301. Glabrous with pale green,
terete, unarmed extremities. Leaflets rather coriaceous, elongate, oblong-
oval or oblanceolate-oval, acute, more or less acuminate, narrowed to the
base and shortly petiolulate, entire or obsoletely undulate-denticulate above,
5-6 in. long, 1-lf in. broad, on petioles 1-2 in, Male flow^ers 4-merous,
sessile, subglomerulate, minutely bracteolate, in axillaiy and terminal al-
ternately branching panicles shorter than the leaves. Calyx-lobes short,
broadly rounded, submucronulate. Petals oblong, imbricate, rather thick.
Stamens 4. Female flowers in axillary spikes shorter than the petioles.
Ovary 1-celled with a sessile, peltate, rounded, entire stigma. — Teclea nobilis,.
Delile in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xx. 90 ; Rich. Fl. Abyss. Atlas, t. 28. Aspi-
dostigma acuminatum, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 18.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, in deep, narrow, alpine valleys, Schimper !

A plant nearly allied to the above, with short axillary panicles of male flowers only, is'
in the Kew Herbarium from the Sugarloaf mountain. Sierra Leone [Barter). It is probably
distinct, but insufficient for description.

Toddalia.] xxxrii. uutack.i: (olivku). 307

2. T. lanceolata, ia;;?. ; DC. Prod. ii. 83. A gh.brous. unarmed,
small tree or shrub. Leaflets ratlier coriaceous, ternate, eloiifrate-ovnl or
oval-lanceolate, subacute or ratlier obtuse, often ujueh iiarrowedio the base,
obsolctely undulate, with looping veins, 3-4 in. lonjr, | 1 in. broad, sessile
or subsessile at the extremity of an exalatc petiole of 1-2 in. Flowers
4-merous, equalling or exceeding the pedicels, in terminal altcrnateiv branch-
ing panicles shorter than the leaves. Calyx broadly 4-lobJd ; lolies rotun-
date-deltoid. Petals slightly imbricate. Male fl. : Stamens 8, rudiment of
the ovary 4-fid. Fruit normally 4-celle(l, 4-seedcd, 4-lobed or -furrowed
while immature, at length distinctly fleshy ; about } in. diam. when dry. Testa
crustaceous, black, thicker on the ventral side. — l^epris qKerim/jenfiis,' Klotz^vU
in Peters' Mossarab. Bot. 87.

Mozamb. Distr. Right bank of the Luabo and raouth of the Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !
Mozambique, Peters !

Also at the Cape aud in Mauritius. See Harvey in ' Flora Capensis,' i. 4 17.

8. T. ? sp. Prickles very short, recurved. Leaflets oblanceolate or
broadly oval, naiTOwed to the obtuse apex or shortly and obtusely acumi-
nate, obscurely crenulate-dentate above with very narrowly revolute* margins
when dry, midrib occasionally wqth 2 or 3 minute curved prickles; 1^-2 in.
long, f in. broad more or less. Petiole | in., pubescent on the inner side.
Flowers in short axillary racemes (?), pedicellate. Calyx minute, thick, 5-
lobed. Ovary 5 -celled ; ovules apparently geminate. Young fruit baccate,
2-3-celled. '(Aff. T. aculeata ?)

Nile Iiand. Ankober, Abyssinin, Roth !

Our single specimen hardly suffices to enable me to determine tin's plant.

4. CLAUSENA, Burm. ; Benth. et Hook. f. (ien. PI. i. 'M)\.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-(5-)lobed. Petals 4 (5), sliglitly im-
bricate. Stamens 8 (10), free. Ovary 4-(5-)3-celk'd. Style at length se-
parating. Ovules geminate, collateral or superimposed. 1/erry 1-4-celled,
1-4-seeded, Seed exalbuminous. — Trees or shrubs, unarmed. Lcavts. un-
equally pinnate. Flowers in axillary or terminar panicles or racemes.

A small genus chiefly confined to India and the Archipclairo. The two following: s|K*cii-*
are nearly allied to the Indian C. Willdenovii.

Small tree, 10-20 ft. Leaves 3-6(-10) in. Flowers collcctLd in 3-

flowered cymes or solitary along the raceme 1. C. tntrijuatis

Undershrub, 3-10 ft. Leaves ^-1 ft. Flowers in several- or many-
flowered paniculate cymes '2. C. anisala.

1. C. insequalis, Benth. Fl. Nigrit. 257. A shrub or small tree of
10-20 ft. Extremities puberulous or nearly glabrous. Leaves y-17-folio-
late, 8-6 rarely 10 in. long; leaflets alternate, ovatc-oblong or varying from
ovate to lanceolate or elliptical, obtuse, often narrowed to tiu- apex or ob-
tusely acuminate, crenulate, the hiicral oblicpie, siiorlly lu-lioiuiate, { 2 in.
rarely 3-4 in. long. Flowers w hitc, in axillary rompouiul or simple racemes

308 xxxiif. RUTACEiE (oliver). \_Clau8ena,

shorter than the leaves. Pedicels 1-2 lines. Berry 1 -seeded, the size of a
pea.

Upper Gruinea. Cape Coast, T. Fogel! Camaroons mountaiu, Mann! (7000 ft.)

A very variable plant as to foliage. It is common at the Cape.

2. C. anisata, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v., Suppl. 34. An under-
shrub of 3-7 ft. Leaves |-1 ft. ; leaflets 10-20, ovate or ovate-oblong,
often acuminate obtuse or subacute, crenulate, more or less pubescent at
first. Plowers in axillary panicles of 4-10 in.; lateral peduncles spreading
or ascending, bearing several- or many-flowered cymes. Pedicels 1-3 lines.
Berry 1 -seeded.

Upper Guinea. Abbeokuta, Irving ! Niger, Barter ! Old Calabar, Thomson !

The Glycosmist africana of Fl. Nigrit. 256, is represented by a specimen too imperfect
for description or determination, gathered in St. Thomas by Don.

Ordee XXXIV. SIMARUBEJE (by Prof. Oliver).

Plowers unisexual or hermaphrodite, regular. Calyx 3-5 -fid or -partite,
or sepals free. Petals as many. Stamens as many as petals or twice or
thrice as many. Pilaments free, naked, pilose or with an adnate scale. An-
thers rotundate to linear. Ovary deeply 3-5-lobed, or carpels distinct, or
ovary entire 2-5-celled, usually inserted upon a thickened fleshy disk.
Styles free or connate or simple and terminal in the undivided ovaries.
Ovules solitary or geminate. Pruit various, dry or drupaceous. Seeds with
or without albumen ; embryo straight or curved. — Shi'ubs or trees, usually
characterized by a bitter principle. Leaves alternate, pinnate, 2-foliolate or
simple, rarely stipulate. Inflorescence various, axillary or terminal. Flowers
usually rather small.

A considerable Natural Order, chiefly tropical or subtropical, represented both in the Old
and New World. Four of the nine African genera are peculiar to this continent.

Ovary deeply lobed or carpels distinct i^Simaruheci).
Leaves pinnate.
Flowers unisexual.

Stamens twice as many as petals. Calyx closed at first ... 1.. Hannoa.

Stameu|,as many as petals. Calyx 4-8-partite 2. Brucea.

Flowers hermaphrodite.

Stamens as many as petals 3. Kirkia.

Stamens twice as many as petals.

Petals subvalvate. Style short 4. Harrisonia.

Petals broadly imbricate, linear. Style elongate 5. Quassia.

Stamens three times as many as petals 6. Mannia.

Leaves simple. Carpels 5, free 7. Sueiana.

Ovary entire {PicramniecB) .

Leaves simple. Ovary 2-celled 8. Irvingia.

Leaves 2-foliolate. Ovary 5-celled 9. Balanites.

1. HANNOA, Planch. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 308.
Flowers unisexual. Male fl. : Calyx at first closed, opening in 2 or more

HannoaJ] xxxiv. siMARUBE.r. (oliver).

.■i09

segments. Petals 5, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, pubescent, with imbricate
margins. Stamens 10; filaments filiform with a narrow, adnatc, pilose
scale on the inner face. Rudiments of the carpels immersed in a' rai»ed,
sulcate, glabrous, central disk. Female fl. : " Carpels 5-6. Styles, connate!
Drupes 1-6," oblong, indehiscent, with a woody or bony endocarp, 1-seeded.
Seed conformable. Cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex, with a minute radicle.
—A small glabrous tree. Leaves 'alternate, unequally pinnate ; leaflets
coriaceous, opposite or alternate, often on long petiolules. Flowers small,
white, fragrant, in terminal alternately branched panicles.

A genus of one, or perhaps two, species, pecuhar to W. tropicil Africa. I havf onlv
seen male flowers and fruit.

1. H. undulata, Planch, in Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 566. Leaflets very
coriaceous, obovate- or elliptic-oblong, retuse minutely apiculate or obtuse,
subentire, narrowed or cuneate at the base, venation obscure, 2-4 in. long,
1-2 in. broad or occasionally larger. Petiolules 1 in. or less; common pe-
tiole about 6 in. Panicles equalling or shorter .than the leaves. Drupes J-1
in. long, \ in. diam. — Slmaba? undulata, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Senc"- i. 136.
t. 34.

Upper Guinea. (Petiolules near 1 in.) Senegambia ! Niger, Barter ! (petiolules
about \ in.) Mouth of the Niger, Mann !

iixcepting the length of the petiolules, I see no noteworthy character separating tbe»c
two forms, which are referred to as distinct species in the ' Genera Plantarum.'

2. BBUCEA, Mill. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 3U.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4- rarely 3-partite. Petals 4, rarely 3, ellip-
tical. Stamens usually 4, outside the disk, in the female flowers efl"ete or
smaller ; filaments naked ; anthers rotundate, unappendaged. Female fl. :
Carpels 4, cohering at the top of the ovaries, each with a spreading or re-
curved style. Ovules solitary, attached above the middle. Drupes 4 or
fewer, ovoid, with a thin, scarcely fleshy pericarp. Seed conformable to the
pericarp, exalbuminous, the cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex, sometimes co-
hering.— Trees. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, exstipulate. Flowers
spicate or in elongate narrow panicles, very small.

A small genus of tropical and subtropical regions of the OKI World. The following
species are confined to Africa.

Leaves more or less pubescent, 8-20 in. ; leaflets 2-4 in. <J fl.

in interrupted spikes 1. B. antidysenterica.

Leaves 3 ft., soon glabrous ; leaflets ample, 6-8 in. ? fl. in elon-
gate panicles 2. B. macrophylla.

1. B. antidysenterica. Mill.; DC. Prod. ii. 88. A small tree,
reaching sometimes 15-20 ft. Extremities pubescent or tomentose. I>caves
8-20 in. long ; leaflets opposite or subopposite, ovate ovate-lanceolate to
lanceolate, occasionally broadly oblong, acute or very shortly acuminate, entire
or undulate-toothed, softly pubescent on both surfaces, at first, at length more
or less glabrescent at least above, older leaves often coriaceous, 2-4 in. long,
f-1^ in. broad. Petiolules 1-3 lines. Male flowers in interrupted, clou-

310 XXXIV. siMARXJBE^ (oliver). \_Brucea.

gate, pilose-tomentose spikes 4-10 in. long, from the axils of the upper-
most leaves ; very, small, sessile or subsessile, clustered in the axils of minute
bracts. Female flowers apparently pedicellate. Drupes about ^ in. long. —
B. ferruginea, L'Her. Stirp. Nov. t. 10.

Upper Guinea. Camaroous mountain, 7-SOOO ft., Mann !
Nile Iiaud. Abyssinia, Schimper ! (with oblong leaflets) Piowden !

2. B. macrophylla, Oliv. A small tree of 10-15 ft. Leaves about
3 ft. ; leaflets in about 4-6 pairs, ample, membranous, opposite, petiolulate,
ovate-oblong or broadly oblong-elliptical, acute or acuminate, entire or undu-
late, early nearly or quite glabrous, or the midrib minutely pubescent, 6-8
in. long, 2|— 4 in. broad; petiolules \ in.; rachis terete, shortly pilose at
first. Female flowers small, red, in elongate, narrow, rusty-pubescent pa-
nicles of \-\\ ft. from the axils of the leaves of the terminal tufts. Lateral
branches of the panicle ^-3 in., spreading. Flowers subsessile or equalling
the pedicels. Petals ovate, entire or slightly toothed, a little exceeding the
sepals. Carpels cohering at the top of the ovaries. Styles spreadijig or re-
curved. Drupes obliquely ovate-oblong, wrinkled when dry. Seeds exalbu-
minous.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don ! Corisco island and Ambas Bay, Mann !

At first I was disposed to regard this plant as the Brucea paniculata of Lamarck, a
species briefly noticed, and without diagnosis, in the Encycl. (i. 472), but on reference to
Smeathmann's specimens in the Herbarium of the British Museum, I find this plant can
scarcely be regarded as belonging to the genus Brucea. I have only seen staminate flowers,
so that I am uncertain to which Natural Order to refer it. It may prove a Barseracea or
Anacardiacea near to Sdrindeia. It is at once to be distinguished from Brucea by its
minute calyx, three to four times shorter than the petals. So far as the material enables
me, it may be described: — Leaves 9-18 in., 9-11-foliolate ; leaflets coriaceous, oblong-
lanceolate or varying from ovate-lanceolate to oblong, rather obtusely acuminate, all except
the broadest more or less narrowed to the base, glabrous, 2-6 in. long, f-2 in. broad ; pe-
tiolules 2-*'3 lines. Panicles (of S A-) terminal or from the upper axils, many-flowered,
more or less pyramidal, often exceeding the leaves, thinly rusty-pubescent. Pedicels slender,
equalling the flower. Calyx minute, 4-lobed. Petals 4, ovate-elliptical, sessile, valvate in
aestivation. Stamens 4 with naked subulate filaments and ovate-elliptical dorsifixed anthers,
inserted around the 4-gonous pilose disk. — Sierra Leone, Smeatkmann ! West Africa, Don !
(leaves only.) Brucea guineensis^ Don, Gen. Syst. i. 801, I take to be the same.

3. KIRKIA, Oliv., gen. nov.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx broad-based, 4-partite ;
segments ovate. Petals 4, oblong-lanceolate, much exceeding the calyx, at
length patent ; margins involute. Stamens 4, alternate with the petals, in^
serted around a fleshy tetragonous disk ; filaments filiform, unappendaged,
glabrous ; anthers ovate-oblong, muticous, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudi-
nally, attached dorsally a little above the base. Ovary (very small) deeply
4-lobed, 4-celled, glabrous; styles distinct, very short; stigmas simple.
Ovules solitary (perhaps sometimes 2?),inseried in the inner angle, very
minute. Fruit dry, oblong, tetraquetrous, separating at length in 4
linear-oblong, glabrous, 1-seeded, indehiscent cocci, notched above, entire or
emarginate at the base, suspended by the apex from a central carpophore ;
epicarp thin; endocarp coriaceous or somewhat bony, fibrous in decay.
Seed cxalbumiiious ; testa papery. Cotyledons fleshy, linear-oblong, com-

Klrkia.] xxxiv. simakube.i: (olivek). ;ill

planate, emar^inate at base, much exceeding the tapering, subacute, superior
radicle.— A glabrous tree. Leaves usually somewhat clustered at the ends
of the brandies, alternate, multifoliolate, exstipulate ; lealk-ts subo|)posite or
alternate, obliquely lanceolate, finely acuminate, serrulate. Flowers in nu-
merous, peduncula+e, cymose coryuibs from the axils of the upper leaves,
forming a broad leafy })anicle ; pedicellate, pedicels equalling or shorter than'
the flowers.

But one species known, restricted to Zambesi-land, where it was discovered by Dr. Kirk,
to whom we are indebted for so many important additions to our knowledge of the naturai
history of that region. 1 am glad to have the opportunity of associating his uame with a
plaut, discovered by himself, and of peculiar botanical interest.

1. K. acuminata, Oliv. Extremities terete, smooth, glabrous, rather
stout, from the thickness of a goose-(|uill to \ in. in diam. Leaves |-1 ft. long ;
leaflets 13-19, approximated in pairs, shortly pctiolulate, lanceolate to ovaS-
janceolate, Avith a free acumen, base very oblique, the upper n)argin being
broadly rounded or semicordate, broadly serrulate, glabrous, firndy membra-
nous, epunctate, lf-3 in. long, |-1 in. broad ; petiolule 1-2 lines. Pedun-
cles straight, rather rigid, unbranched to 2-4 in., then at first more or less
3-chotomously divided with ascending divergent branches. Flowers, before
expansion, about 2 lines long. Fruit ^ in. long, 2^—3 lines broad. Car-
pophore continuous to the apex, often persistent with its 4 hooked apices
after the ftdl of the cocci.— Hook. Ic. PI. 1036.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, at Lupata, and near Senna, Br. Kirk ! (flower in Dec,
fruit April).

In all the flowers which I have examined of this plant, I find the ovary very minute, es-
pecially so in those in which the stamens appear to be fully developed.

4. HARRISONIA, Brown; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 314.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-4-fid or -partite, small. Petals as many
as calyx-lobes, considerably longer, slightly imbricate or subvalvate. Sta-
mens twice as many as petals; filaments with an adiiate pilose scale. Ovar)'
5-4-lobed (in the African plant), inserted upon a fleshy disk ; style simple ;
stigma 5-toothed. Ovules solitary, pendulous Fruit small, subglobosc (in
the Indian specimens), with 4-5 bony 1 -seeded pyrenes. "Seeds albumi-
nous. Cotyledons conduplicate." — Glabrate or pubescent shrubs, usually
with lateral aculei by the insertion of the leaves. Leaves imparipinnate ; leaf-
lets opposite. Flowers rather small, in axillary or subtermiiial cymes, some-
times racemose.

A small genus, restricted, with the foUowiiig exception, to the Malay ArchiiK-lago and
Australia. Its affinity appears to be with the tribe Stmarnde^.

1. H. abyssinica, 0//r. A shrub. Ammal shoots pubescent. PriilUs
very short, more or less hooked. Leaves 2-3 in. long ; leaflets in about 3
pairs, obovate-elliptical or oval, obtuse, remotely dentate-serrate (1-8 teeth
on each side) or occasionally lobed, base cuneate ami obliipie in the sessile
lateral leaflets, usually narrowed into a winged ])etiolule in the terminal one,
rather coriaceous, glabrous or glabrate, excepting on the nTidrib beneath

312 XXXIV. siMARUBEi?: (oLiVEii). \^Harri8onia.

which is more or less pilose-pubescent at first ; lateral leaflets |— | in. long ;
common petiole winged between the pairs of leaflets, pubescent beneath.
Cymes few-flowered, racemose in the axils of, and shorter than or equalling,
the uppermost leaves. Calyx 5 -partite, with ovate pubescent lobes. Petals
elliptical, subvalvate, pubeinlous outside. Stamens 10 ; filaments with an
adnate, entire, pilose scale. Ovary 5-lobed, with a short central simple style
and 5-toothed stigma. Fruit not seen.

Nile Ijand. Madi, "White Nile, Speke and Grant !

Very nearly allied to H. {Lasiolepis) paudjuga, which differs principally in its longer
style, more capitate stigma, and less distinctly lobed or merely sulcate ovary. The relative
length however of style and stigma appears variable in the Malayan plant, the difference
being probably sexual.

5. QUASSIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 3Q8.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx small, 5-paitite ; lobes imbricate. Petals
5, many times longer than the calyx, erect or ascending, broadly iuibricate.
Stamens 10 ; filaments filiform or linear, with an adnate pilose scale. Ovary
5-lobed; lobes free, inserted upon a fleshy disk ; styles united throughout;
stigma obtuse, subcapitate or 5-sulcate. Ovules solitary, pendulous. Drupes
5 or fewer. — Glabrous trees, with an intensely bitter taste. Leaves alternate,
imparipinnate; lateral leaflets opposite. Eacemes terminal, simple or
branched.

The only other species, the well-known Bitter-wood, is tropical American. It differs from
ihe African plant in its much larger flowers, longer filaments, glabrous ovary, the broadly
alate rachis of the leaves, etc.

1. Q. africana, Baillon in Adans. viii. 89. Eight or twelve feet in
height, perfectly glabrous. Leaves 5-7-9-foliolate, 1 ft. or more in length ;
rachis slightly margined, 3-4 in. to the first pair of leaflets. Leaflets rather
coriaceous, oblong-elliptical with a very narrow obtuse acumen, rather oblique
at the base and narrowed to the rachis ; terminal leaflets equalling or scarcely
larger than the lateral ones, more gradually narrowed above and below, 4-5
in. long, 1^-2 in. broad. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, 2^-4 in. long.
Flowers about \ in. long, rather crowded and fascicled 2 or 3 together or on
very short lateral peduncles ; bracts minute, triangular ; pedicels much
shorter than the flower. Calyx-lobes rotundate, ciliolate. Petals linear-
oblong, ascending, free. Lobes of the ovary free, pubescent ; disk scarcely
as broad as the ovary. Fruit not seen. — Simaba africana, Baill. in Adans.
vii. 381.

Vpper Guinea. Camaroons river, Mann ! Gaboon, Buparquet.

The description is based on Mr. Mann's specimens, the leaves of which are 7-9-foliolate.

6. MANNIA, Hook. f. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 309.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5 -partite ; lobes orbicular, imbricate.
Petals 5, oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, rather fleshy, imbricate. Stamens 15 ;
filaments narrow-linear, with a short, adnate, pilose, narrow scale near the
middle; anthers linear. Disk flattish, fleshy, within the stamens. Ovary of

Mannia.'] xxxiv. simauuh?:.k (Oliver),

313

5 distinct, cariiiate, g-labrous lobes; styles coiiiKite; stifrma tcrrniiiai, 5-
lobed. Ovules solitary. Fmit not seen.— Glabrous tree of 20 40 ft. Leaves
large, pinnate, multifoliolate. Flowers pedicellate, fasciculate in interrupted
elongate racemes apparently collected near the extremity of the branches,
purple.

Based upon the following endemic species.

1. M. africana. Hook. f. in Gen. PI. i. 309. Leaves 2-3 ft. long;
leaflets coriaceous, broadly oblong, rounded at each end, apex rctuse or verv'
obtuse, with a short abrupt apiculus, glabrous, midrib ])romin(Mit beneath,
reticulation impressed when dry, 4-6 in. long, 2-3 in. l)road ; petioiules 1-2
lines. Racemes \-\\ ft. long. Pedicels | in. or shorter, clustered at inter-
vals. Flowers about \ in., gla!)rous.

Upper Guinea. Nun river and Old Calabar, Mnnn !

7. SURIANA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 313.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite ; segments lanceolate, acute, im-
bricate, persistent. Petals 5, imbricate, equalling or shorter than the calyx.
Stamens 10(-8) ; filaments pilose below; anthers elliptical or rotundate, iin-
appendaged (5 sometimes anantherous). Carpels 5, free ; ovaries pilose;
styles distinct, lateral, filiform ; stigmas obtuse. Ovules geminate, collateral,
ascending. Fruit-carpels l-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo hooked.
— A maritime shrub. Leaves alternate, often crowded, liuear-spathulate,
obtuse or rather acute, entire, rather fleshy, veinless. Flowers in few-
flowered fascicles or corymbs at or near the extremity of the branches equal-
ling or shorter than the leaves, yellow\

Based upon a solitary species, frequent on the seacoasts of tropical countries. It wants
the bitterness generally characteristic of the family.

1. S. maritima, Zzww. ; DC. Profii'. ii. 91. A much-branched shrub,
with terete velvety or shortly pubescent branches. Leaves about 1 in. (' 1|
in.), usually rather closely tufted towards the ends of short, ascending, lateral
shoots, more or less pubescent. Fruit-carpels shorter than the persistent
sepals.

Mozamb. Distr. Mozambique, Br. Peters! Europa Island, Speke !

8. IRVINGIA, Hook. f. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 314.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx small, 5-(3-4-)partite ; lobes ronndetl.
Petals as many, broadly imbricate, exceeding the calyx. Stamens 10 (or
fewer), inserted under a thick fleshy, sidcate or plicate, hypogynous disk ;
filaments filiform, unappendaged ; anthers small, rotundatc. Ovar)' ovoid,
compressed, glabrous, inserted upon a broad disk ; style simple, terminal,
filiform or subulate ; stigma simple, obtuse. Ovules solitary. Fruit rather
large, drupaceous, l-seeded ; pericarp woody or with a fleshy epicarp. Seed
exalbuminous (or albuipinous in /. Smilhii?). Cotyledons large, plano-
convex; radicle very small, included in the sinus, " superior "•(/. /Jar/m).
— Glabrous trees. Leaves alternate, usually more or less coriaceous, simple,
entire, petiolate, with narrow, early deciduous, convolute stipules, ieaviuj^

314 xxxiv. siMAKUBEJE (oliver). \_lrv'ut(jia.

annular scars. Flowers yellowish, pedicellate, in terminal or axillary pani-
culate or fascicled racemes, ebracteate.

Confined to W. tropical Africa.

Leaves broadly elliptical, cuneate or rounded at the base. Racemes axil-
lary, divaricate, fasciculate or panicled, shorter than the leaves; pedi-
cels usually fascicled, 2-5 together 1. /. Barteri.

Leaves very coriaceous, ovate-elliptical, broadly rounded at the base, with a
narrow cordate sinus at the petiole. Flowers numerous, in panicled ra-
cemes, terminal or axillary ; pedicels singly inserted 2. /. Smithii.

1. I. Barteri, HooJc.f. in Linn. Trans. 23. 167. A. tree of 30-50 ft.,
glabrous in all its parts ; ramuli usually sulcate when dry. Leaves coria-
ceous, shining above, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, shortly acuminate or api-
culate, more or less acute, base cuneate or rounded in the broader-leaved
forms, 3-4-i- in. long, l^-2\ in. broad; petiole ^-| iil. Flowers in axillary
panicles or loose subfasciculate, divaricate, few- or several-flowered racemes,
usually much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels 1-3 lines, often 2-5 together.
Calyx 5- occasionally 3-4-partite, with rotundate lobes. Petals broadly
elliptical. Style filiform. Fruit " edible," about 2\ in. diam., with a fleshy
epicarp and bony endocarp. — Mangifera gahonensis, A. Le Comte in Journ.
Pharm. et Chim. xxxi. 275.

Upper Guinea. Prince's Island, Barter ! Mami ! Rivers Muni and Camaroons,
Mann !

Var. tenuifoUa. Leaves thinly coriaceous or submembrauous, broadly elliptical or ob-
ovate-elliptical, obtuse or shortly and broadly apiculate. — I. tenuifoUa, Hook. f. 1. c,

Abbeokuta, Irving !

Barter calls this the " "Wild Mango " of the " Sierra Leone' people." I have not seen
specimens from Sierra Leone. In the var. tenuifoUa the style in uninjured flowers is slender
and elongate as in the type.

2. I. Smithii, Hook.f. I. c. A perfectly glabrous tree of 40 ft. {Barter),
ultimate branchlets usually slightly fun-owed when diy. Leaves very coria-
ceous, ovate-elliptical, acute or broadly pointed, broadly rounded at the base
and usually more or less narrowly cordate at the insertion of the petiole, 2-^-4
in. long, If- 2|- in. broad; petiole \ in. Flowers numerous, pale yellow,
fragrant, " in spreading axillary and terminal subpaniculate, narrow racemes,
equalling or exceeding the leaves." Pedicels singly inserted along the rachis,
patent, equalling the flowers. Style about equal to the ovary at flowering.
Fruit oblong (in our dried specimens), nearly 1| in. long, with a thick woody
pericarp. Seed, according to M. Baillon (Adans. vii. 381), albuminous.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !
liOTver Guinea. Congo, Smith !
Mr. Barter says the fruit is much sought after by monkeys.

9. BALANITES, Delile; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 314.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, with imbricate margins, deciduous.
Petals as many. Stamens 1 0 ; filaments unappendaged ; anthers dorsally
affixed. Ovary globose, pilose, 5 -celled, inserted upon a thick fleshy disk ;

Balatiites.l xxxiv. simarube.!: (oliver). j15

style simple, terminal. Ovules solitary. Fruit a drupe, 1 -seeded, with a bonv
or crustaceous putamen. Seed " exalbuminous ; embryo with thick plntio'-
convex, corrugate or 2-lobed cotyledons and a superior radicle." — Shrubs or
small trees, usually armed, at least when young or stunted, with axillary or
supra-axillary spines. Leaves 2.foliolate ; leaflets entire, coriaceous. Flowers
greenish, in axillary fascicles or short racemose cymes.

A genus of two or three species, confined to the warmer parts of Africa and .\8ia.

1. B. segyptiaca, Belile ; DC. Prod. i. 708. Extreraitieu terete, mi-
nutely hoary-puberulous or glabrate ; spines various, usually about ^-1 in.,
sometimes 3 in., often wanting on fully grown trees, straight, ascending or
patent. Leaflets elliptical or varying from ovate- to obovatc-elliptical or
rotundate, obtuse or broadly pointed, \-\\ in. long, shortly |)etiolulate ; pe-
tiole usually much shorter than the leaflets. Ovary soon lengthening out
after flowering, narrowed into the style. Drupe edible, with^i thick bony
putamen ; - the seed afi'ording an oil.

Upper Ouinea. Niger, Barter !

North Central. Bornou (fide Browji in Denh. and Clapp. App. 232).

Nile Iiand. Upper Nile, Abyssinia, Sennar, Schimper ! Roth ! Kotschy ! and other*.

Var. anffolensis,Vfelw. inss. Fruit ellipsoidal, terete, about 1 iu. long, with a thin crui-
taceous endocarp.

Lioiver Gruinea. Loanda, Angola, Dr. Weltoitsch I

The fruit of this variety differs so remarkably from that of the ordinary form, that thu
plant raay probably be specifically distinct. I do not detect any difference, however, in the
flower.

A fragment in the Kew Herbarium, from the Rovuma river {T)r. Kiri), without flowers,
bears forked spines. It may belong to a distinct species. It is described as a cUmbing shrub.

Okder XXXY. OCHNACE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

TkIBE OCHNEJi.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, free, imbricate, scarious or
coriaceous. Petals as many, free, equalling or exceeding the sepals, sub-
sessile or unguiculate, contorted or imbricate. Stamens 10 or indefinite;
filaments frequently persistent, free. Anthers linear, often elongate or ob-
long, basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores. Ovary deeply
3-10-lobed, inserted upon a thickened disk enlarging after flowering, each
lobe 1-celled, 1 -ovulate ; style central, filiform or subulate ; stigma terminal,
simple, or style divided at the apex into as many short branches as carj)els ;
stigmas capitellate. Fruit of 3-10 drupes inserted upon the enlarged
torus, sessile. Seeds exalbuminmis ; radicle very small. — Trees or shrubs.
Leaves alternate, simple, perfectly glabrous, pennivcined, stipulate. Flowers
in terminal or axillary panicles, racemes or fascicles ; usually yellow or orange ;
pedicels articulated.

Ochnacece are a small Order, confined to the tropics, most of the genera being [MTuhar to
the New World. The two following genera are shared with both .\bia and America.

Stamens indefinite. Anthers dehiscing by porc-likc apical slits or longitu-
dinally 1. Ocii.s*.

Stamens 10. Anthers dehiscing by apical pores 2. GuMt'iu.t.

316 XXXV. OCHNACE^ (OLIVER).

1. OCHNA, Schreber; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 317.

Sepals 5, coloured, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5-10, equalling or slightly
exceeding the sepals, deciduous, nan-owed to the base or unguiculate. Sta-
mens indefinite ; filaments filiform ; anthers linear or oblong, basifixed, de-
hiscing longitudinally or by pore-like slits. Ovary deeply 5-10-lobed ;
lobes 1-celled, 1-ovuled, inserted around a central disk. Styles connate,
entire or shortly divided at tlie apex. Stigmas capitellate. Drupes 3-10,
sessile. — Trees or shrubs Leaves alternate, usually serrulate, glabrous,
with deciduous stipules. Flowers yellow, rarely greenish, with articulated
pedicels.

Principally confined to tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. All of the
African species appear to be confined to the Continent, although one or two have near In-
dian allies. We have specimens indicating additional species, but not in a condition for de-
scription.

Flowers in terminal racemes or corymbs, simple or compound, or
terminating short lateral branches.
Racemes compound. Leaves membranous. Anthers dehiscing

by pores 1. 0. memhranacea.

Racemes simple.

Anthers dehiscing longitudinally, equalling the filaments.

Styles free at apex or connate 2. 0. multiflora.

Anthers dehiscing by pore-like slits.

Leaves 2-3 in., serratures at length obsolete, cuneate or
rounded at base. Racemes lateral, equalling or exceeding

the leaves 3. 0. pulchra.

Leaves 5-7 in., obovate, narrowed to base. Flowers corym-
bose. Styles wholly connate 4. 0. mossambicensis.

Leaves 2-3 in. Base usually subcordate. Flowers in um-
bellate corymbs. Styles free at apex 5.0. Kirkii.

Flowers in axillary fascicles or from very short axillary peduncles,
sometimes apparently subterrainal.
Anthers dehiscing longitudinally.

Leaves not seen. Flowers yellow. Petals narrowed into

a short claw. Fruit-sepals i-5 in 6. 0. Jeptoclada.

Leaves oval or oblanceolate acute. Flowers " greenish-white,"

in fascicles of 2-3 1. 0. sp. nov. ?

Anthers dehiscing by pore-like slits.

Leaves oblanceolate-elliptical, broadly acute. Fruit-sepals i

in. long 8. 0. leucophlaos.

Leaves oblanceolate-oval, acute or obtuse. Flowers large ;

pedicels 1 in. Fruit-sepals |-1 in 9. 0. macrocalyx.

Flowers not seen.

Leaves oblanceolate obtuse ; base acute, serrulate. Fruit-sepals

i-T.

\'m 10. 0. Afz?lii.

1. O. membranacea, Oliv, A glabrous shrub, attaining 6 ft. Leaves
rather membranous, oblanceolate-oval or elliptical, narrowed to the acute,
occasionally acuminate apex ; base narrowed more or less, usually obtuse or
narrowly. rounded, serrulate; serratures often with a short incurved bristle-
tip ; midrib and narrow lateral nervures prominent beneath, glabrous ; 2^-3^
in. long, f-1^ in. broad ; petiole usually very short, 1-2 lines, rarely :5~iin.
Flowers orange, in compound racemes, 1-2^ in. long, terminating lateral

Ochna.'] xxxv. ocHNACE.'t: (oliver). 317

slioots or collected in a paniculate manner towards the extrerailiea of the
branches ; ^ in. or less in diam. Petals sessile, narrowed to the bns<?. An-
thers dehiscing by terminal pores, equalling or exceeding the filaments. Car-
pels about 5 ; styles united throughout. Fruit-calyx " Hesh-coloured,"
the sepals \ in. long or rather less.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone and Niger, Barter !

2. O. mtdtiflora, DC. Prod. i. 735. Glabrous shrub. Leaves oblong-
elliptical to oblanceolate-oblong, acute or slightly acuminate ; base usually
more or less obtuse and rounded occasionally broadly, or even subcordate,
sometimes cuneate, serrulate or undulate-serrate or serratures obsolete, at
length rather coriaceous, 3^-5 in. long, 1|-2| in. broad ; petioles ^-^'in.
Flowers in simple, rather short, 10-15-flowered racemes, 2-3 in. long, ter-
minating, short, lateral branches ; pedicels articulated near the base, ascend-
ing or patent, |-|- in. Petals sessile. Anthers equalling the filaments, de-
hiscing longitudinally. Carpels 6-7. Styles connate throughout, with a
subcapitate stigma or minutely divided at the apex. Fruit-sepals spreading
or reflexed, about \ in. long. — DC. Mem. Ochnac. t. 3. 0. dubia, Guill.et
Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 137. t. 35.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Gambia, Perrottet ! Nun nscVyMann !
In the Nun specimens the styles are very shortly free at the apei, but I cannot accept this
as a specific diflference.

3. O. pulchra, Hook. Ic. Platit. 588. A shrub oflO ft. or so. Leaves
coriaceous, oblanceolate-oblong, acute or rather obtuse, rounded or cuneate at
the base, obscurely veined, with a few minute appressed, probably deciduous
spinulose-serrulate teeth above or nearly entire; 2-3 in. long, |-1 in. broad ;
petioles yV^i ^"- Flowers in simple, lateral racemes as long as or longer
than the leaves. Pedicels \-\ in., articulated at the base. Sepals elliptical,
obtuse. Anthers rather short, dehiscing by pore-like slits. Carpels (5)
6-7 ; style divided at the apex. Fruit not seen.

South Central. Lake Ngami, M'Cabe ! a few racemes only.
Also from Macalisberg.

4. O. mossambicensiSy KlolzscJi in Peters' Mossamb. Bat. 88. /. 16.
Leaves rather large, coriaceous, obovate-oblong, apex broadly rounded with a
short broad or obsolete apiculus, nan-owed to the more or less acute base, ser-
rulate, veiny above, 5-7 in. long, 2-3 in. broad ; jietiole 1-2 lines. Flowers
in lateral, pedunculate, corymbose racemes. Sepals oblong or ovate, acute.
Anthers dehiscing by pores. Carpels 6-8. Styles connate throughout,
with a thickened stigma.

Mozamb. Distr. Mozambique, Peters!

I have not seen either flower or fruit. The description of the former I have taken from
Klotzsch. The species seems distinct enough in its large obovatc leaves.

5. O. Kirkii, Oliv. A glabrous shrub. Leaves coriaceous, obovate-
elliptical to oblanceolate-oblong or broadly oblong, obtuse retuse or broadly
pointed, base cordate with a narrow sinus, occasionally entire obtuse, spinu-

318 XXXV. ocHNACEvE (oliver). [Ochna.

lose-serrate, venation inconspicuous beneath, 2-3 in. long, 1-lf in. broad ;
petiole rather sho'rter or slightly exceeding the sinus. Flowers in terminal or
lateral pedunculate umbellate corymbs. Pedicels articulated below the middle,
i-f in. long. Petals unguiculate, with rotundate lamina. Anthers dehis-
cing by short slits. Carpels about 9. Styles connate with their apices free.
Not seen in fruit.

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuraa river, Dr. Kirk !

Resembles 0. cordaia, Thw., of Ceylon. It may prove a variety of O. mossamlicensis.

6. O. leptoclada, Oliv. A shrub of 3-4 ft., leafless at time of flower-
ing, with pale slender branches, giving off numerous, short, lateral ramuli.
Leaves not seen. Flowers rather small, " gamboge-yellow," in 2-4-flowered
axillary fascicles ; common peduncles very short or obsolete ; pedicels fili-
form, articulated near the base, |-f in. Sepals oblong or elliptical, obtuse.
Petals ovate-rotundate, narrowed into the short claw. Anthers considerably
shorter than the filament, dehiscing longitudinally throughout their length.
Carpels 5 or 4 ; styles wholly connate. Stigma subcapitate, lobulate. Fruit-
sepals i— J in.

Mozamb. Distr. Manganya Hills, Dr. Meller ! Maravi country, lat. 12° S., long.
3-1° E., Dr. Kirk !

7. O. sp. nov. ? A glabrous shrub " of 6 ft.," leafless at time of flower-
ing. Young leaves apparently oblanceolate-oval, acute, narrowed to the base.
Pedicels 2-3 together, from very short or obsolete axillary peduncles, filiform,
I in. long or little more, articulated at or near the base. Flowers small,
" greenish-white." Sepals ovate to oblong, Anthers rather shorter tban the
filaments, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 6-7-lobed. Styles united through-
out with a subcapitate stigma. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter!
Perhaps a form of 0. leptoclada.

8. O. leucophloeos, Hochst. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 129. t. 29. A tortuous
ourub. Leaves rather coriaceous, oblanceolate-elliptical oval or oblong-ellip-
tical, broadly acute, somewhat cuneate at base, rather closely serrulate, 3-6
in. long ; petioles 2-3 lines. Flowers usually several together, 3-10 from
the axils of the leaves of the previous year ; the common peduncle very short
or obsolete ; pedicels f-1 in., articulated below the middle. Sepals obtuse.
Petals unguiculate. Anthers dehiscing by pore-like subapical slits. Carpels
5-6. Styles free at the apex. Stigmas capitellate. Fruit-sepals about ^
in. long.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Sennar, Cienkowski.
I have had but imperfect material for description.

O. ardisioides, Webb, Frag. Fl. jEthiop. 59, of which I have not seen an authentic
specimen, is nearly allied to the above, if indeed specifically distinct. The more important cha-
racters in which it differs from 0. leucophlceos, Mr. Webb states to be the narrower petals,
which are twice as' long as the sepals, fewer stamens, and longer style; which is 4-5-fid, and
not 5-C-fid as is usual in 0. lencopklceos. The specimens described by Webb were pro-
bably from Sennar. Dr. Schweinfurth collected what he regards as the same plant near

Ochna.] xxxv. ochnace.k (olivek).

319

Matamma. Of this I have seen only a specimen ii. haf, which innv w.ll hvUyue to Hoch-
stctter s species,

9. O. macrocalyx, Olw. A low ^rlabrous shrub of ^-2 ft., from n
thick woody stock. Leaves narrowly oblanccolatc-oval, acute or subacute,
base rather obtuse, serrulate, reticulation rather prominent on both surfaces,*
3-4 in. lon^, f-1 in. broad; petiole 1 line or obsolete. Flowers in very
short, axillary, 3-7-flowered racemes, sometimes, collected near the end o'f
the branches ; common peduncle ^-| in. or obsolete ; pedicels articulated a
little above the base,, 1 in. long. Sepals obtuse. Petals rotundate, unjfui-
culate. Anthers dehiscing: by subapical pores, equalling or exceeding the
filaments. Carpels 5. Styles connate very nearly to the apex ; stigmas
capitellate. Fruit sepals erect, f-1 in. long.

Mozamb. Distr. Sotshi, Dr. Kirk! Manganya mountains, 1-3000 ft., Dr M,'ller '
Waller! E. tropical Africa, lat. 6° 56' S,, 1700 ft., Speke and Grant I

10. O, Afzelii, ii:. Br. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit. Wholly piabrous. Extremities minutely
lentieellate. Leaves oblanceolate, rather obtuse or obtusely apiculate, narrowed to the bnsc
from above the middle, distinctly serrulate, finely reticulate especially above, 2i-3i in. long,
f-U in. broad ; petioles 1-2 lines. Flowers in lateral, few-flowered, subscssilc fascicles or
on peduncles of 1-2 lines. Pedicels 4 in. more or less. Fruit-sepals reflexed, about \ in.
long. Petals shortly clawed. Stamens . . ?

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius !

This may prove identical with one of the above. I have not had sufficient material for
examination. Nearly allied to it and chiefly differing in having somewhat glaucous leaves
are fruiting specimens in the Kew herbarium from the Niger {Barter!).

2. GOMPHIA, Schreb. ; Bcnth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 318.

Differs from Ochna in having only 10 stamens. The anthers are elongate
often rather abruptly produced, rugulose, and opening by terminal extrorse
pores. Lobes of the ovary usually 5. Style simple. — Trees or shrubs, per-
fectly glabrous. Leaves as in Ochnd, in a i^w species with closely parallel
veins ; stipules intra-axillary more or less connnatc, or lateral. Racemes or
panicles terminal or axillary, or the flowers rarely in axillary fascicles.

A large genus, by far most numerous in tropical S. America. The following species ap-
pear to be endemic. It is very difficult to determine their probable limits, and the follo*»-
ing synopsis of our specimens can only be regarded as tentative.

Venation closely parallel from the midrib to the margiu.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, oval or elliptic-oblong, usually with a
narrow acumen ; 2-4 in. Flowers in short, often loosely panieled

racemes. Fruit-sepals ^ in 1. ii. njHnis.

Leaves coriaceous, 4-7 in., broadly oblanceolate. Flowers in lateral

racemes of 2-4 in. Fruit-sepals i in 2. G. calophylln.

Principal lateral veins curving forward, more or less distant, with in-
termediate veinlets.
Flowers in terminal paniculate simple or compound racemes.
Leaves 3-6 in., oblanceolate or oblong-oval, acute or acuminate.
Fruit-sepals patent or reflexed, 3-4 lines. Stipules intra-axil-
lary, triangular, 2-fid ^- f^ retictilatn.

320 XXXV. ocHNACE^ (oliver). [Gomphia.

Leaves 6-10 iu. Fruit-sepals usually ascending, ^-^ in. . . 4. G. Vogelii.
Flowers in lateral or apparently terminal, rarely paniculate racemes,
occasionally sparingly branched near the base.
Leave* elongate, subsessile, truncate at base, submembranous.

Racemes on peduncles of 1-2 ft. Fruit-sepals i in. . . . 5. G. elongata.
Leaves elongate, subsessile, subcordate at base, coriaceous. Ra-
cemes 2-10 in. Fruit-sepals i iA 6. G.Mannii.

Leaves narrowed or but slightly rounded at the base.

Racemes terminal with peduncle of 3-10 in. Flowers crowded.

Pedicels i in. Stipules triangular '}. G. congesta.

. Racemes terminal simple or sparingly branched below. Pe-
dicels \ in., not crowded. Stipules subidate ^. G. glaberrima.

Flowers in axillary fascicles. Leaves oblauceolate, spiuulose-serrate.

Petals linear 9. (r. axillaris.

1. G. affinis. Hook./. M. Nigrii. 274. Shrub of 10-15 ft. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, shining, oval to oblong-eJliptical, acute, usually with a
narrow linear acumen, cuneate or slightly rounded at the base ; margin un-
dulate-crisped, nearly entire or sen'ulate; lateral veins all nearly similar,
closely parallel ; 2|-4 in. long, l-l^ in. l)road ; petiole ^-j in. Stipules
triangular-subulate, distinct or nearly so. Flowers in short racemes from
the axil of reduced leaves or squamiform bracts, usually collected towards
the ends of the branches, forming small loose panicles shorter than or equal-
ling the leaves, occurring also in lateral few-flowered fascicles or subsolitary ;
pedicels \-^ in., slightly thickened above, in fruit. Sepals lanceolate- or
linear-oblong, obtuse, about \ in. Petals oval or elliptical, narrowed at
the base. Anthers sessile, elongate-linear. Drupes ellipsoidal or obovoid,
slightly exceeding the sepals.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vogel ! Mann ! Brass and Idda, Barter ! Cape
Coast, Brass !

2. G. calophylla. Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 274. Leaves coriaceous, ob-
lauceolate- or.obovate-oblong, shortly and usually more or less abruptly acu-
minate or apiculate, narrowed to the base, crisped-undulate ; lateral veins
obscure, all similar and closely parallel; 4-6 in. long, li-2^ in. broad;
petiole |-| in. Stipules acute, distinct. Flowers in lateral racemes of
2-4 in., from the axils of reduced or squamiform leaves, several- or many-
flowered ; pedicels ^-\ in., singly inserted, or sometimes fasciculate from vei-y
short or obsolete peduncles. Sepals oval-oblong, obtuse, about ^ in. long,
variously spreading in fruit. Flowers not seen.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don ! T. Vogel !

A fragment of an Ochna is mounted upon one of the sheets with the above, and it is
probably to it that the Fernando Po label applies, quoted in Niger Flora, 1. c.

3. G. reticulata, P. de Beauv. Fl. d'Owar. ii. 22. t. 72. A glabrous
shrub or small tree. Leaves usually more or less coriaceous, oval-oblong
or oblanceolate-oblong, occasionally elongate, acute or acuminate, base
cuneate or slightly rounded, acutely serrulate crenu late-serrate or rather
distantly or undulate-serrulate, serratures in some forms' obsolete, principal
secondary lateral veins more or less distant, curving forwards, not prominent ;
3-6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad; petiole \ in. or the lamina narrowed nearly to

Gomphia.'] xxxv. ochnace.'e (olivek). 321

the base. Stipules 2-fid or at length free. Flowers yellow to ornnjje-red
in terminal panicled simple or compound racemes, exceeding' or e(iualli'i»jr ihe
upper leaves; pedicels usually fascicled at short intervals'^ alonj; the ruchis
from short common lateral peduncles, more rarely inserted singly, nrticu-
lated at or near to the base, \-\ in. long. Sepals at length :i 4 line^, linear-
oblong to lanceolate or ovate-oblong, obtuse in fruit, patent or reflexed,
usually nerved. Petals obovate, narrowed more or less to the base. Anthers
sessile or subsessile, elongate. Drupes 2-3 (rarely 5) lines h^ng, ellipsoidal or
subglobose.— G. /^vo, Schum. et Thonn. Guin' PI. 2ir) (exdescr). (}.
mdcrophylla, Hook. f. in Lond. Journ. Rot. vi. 2. G. Turnercf, Hook. f.
Fl. Nigrit. 273 (a finely acuminate nearly entire-leaved form).

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone ! various collectors. Fernando Po T. Wx/el ' (lunibia
Old Calabar, W. C. Thomson !

Var. )8. ((?. Schwnleiniana, Klolzseh in Sclioenl. Nachl. (Extr.) 23S. t. 4) diflVrs in
having the leaves narrowed to an eniarginate base. I have not seen specina-ns. Ca|H:
Piihnas, Schuenlein.

Var. 7. {G. micrantha, Hook. f. in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. vi. 8). Flowers very small, red
Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, 5000 ft., Manu !

4. G. Vogelii, Hook. f. FL Nigrit. 272. Characters of above, ditTcr-
ing in the rather larger coriaceous leaves, G-10 in. long, and the ascending
and rather broader fruit-sepals from \-^ in. Flowers not seen.

Upper Guinea. Grand Bassa, T. Vogel ! Brass, Barter !

5. G. elongata, OUv. A shrub "of 10-12 ft." Leaves subinem-
branous, subsessile or very shortly petiolate, elongate, narrowly obianceolate-
oblong, acute or acuminate, base abruptly contracted, truncate or scarcely
subcordate, denticulate-serrate, midrib and principal lateral veins prominent
below; 8-16 in. long, 2-3 in. broad. Stipules connate, 2-Hd, intra-axilhiry.
Flowers in elongate interrupted racemes from the axils of ordinary or reduced
squamiform leaves, on long peduncles with the raceme 12 it. long, re-
sembling those of G. dependem, occasionally giving off 1 or 2 short lateral
branches below; pedicels solitary or in fascicles of 2-6, \-\ in. long. Sepals
lanceolate-oblong, subacute. Petals oblanceolate, rather longer than the
sepals. Anthers sessile. Fruit-sepals \ in. or less than \ in., shorter than
the subglobose or obovoid raised drupes which are slightly keeled when dry.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

This may prove to be a form, modified perhaps by shade, of 0:7nacrop/iylla.

6. G. Manniiy OUv. Shrub from 3 or 4 to 10 ft. Leaves large, sub-
sessile, more or less coriaceous, elongate-oblanceolate-oblong, acute or
shortly acuminate, narrowed to the rather broad subcordate base, denticulate,
serrate, midrib and principal lateral veins prominent below; y in. to 2 fl.
long, 2-4|- in. broad. Stipides apparently distinct. Flower:* in lateral or
subterminal crowded racemes, together with the peduncles 6 10 in. long.
Pedicels interruptedly and usually densely fascicled, ^ \ in. long; base of
pedicels below the articulation persistent. Sepals oblong- huurolnte, r«th«-r
obtuse. Petals obovate- or oblanceolate-oblong. Filaments very short or
anthers subsessile, produced above into a narrow linear extremity, dehiscing

VOL. I. M

322 XXXV. ocHNACEiT: (OLIVER). [Gomj)hia.

by extrorse pores. Fruit-sepals about ^ in. long, coriaceous, erect, incurved
over the drupes.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Matin !

Var. brachypoda. Leaves 5-12 iu. Flowers crowded in racemes of 2-3 in., singly
bracteolate or less distinctly fascicled than in the above. Sepals apparently rather smaller
in fruit.

Old Calabar, W. C. Thomson !

C. G. congesta, OUv. Shrub. Leaves oblanceolate-oval or -oblong or
oblong-elliptical, sometimes elongate, acute or acuminate, narrowed more or
less at the cuneate or slightly rounded base, serrulate, midrib prominent be-
neath ; 3-10 in. long, 1^-3 in. broad ; petiole 1-3 lines. Stipules triangular,
2-fid or 2-partite. Flowers more or less crowded in terminal, pedunculate,
simple racemes, together with the peduncle from 3^-10 in. in our specimens.
Pedicels equalling the flowers, about \ in., usually in several-flowered fas-
cicles from obsolete lateral peduncles. Sepals ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse.
Petals obcordate-cuneate. Filaments considerably shorter than the anthers.
Fruit-sepals equalling the dmpes, bright red.

Ui^per Guinea. Sierra Leone. Ainbas Bay, Mann !

In the Sierra Leone specimen the stipules are connate below, in the Ambas Bay examples
nearly free. This may indicate specific difference. The Ambas Bay plant much resembles
G. dependens, a Madagascar species, figured by De CandoUe in his Mem. Ochn. t. 6,
but the latter has remarkably large stipules.

8. G. glaberrima, P. de Beauv. Fl. d'Oware, ii. 22. t. 71. Leaves ob-
lanceolate, acutely acuminate, serrulate, narrowed to the base, 3-4 in. long,
I7-H in. broad. Stipules narrow-subulate, distinct, lateral. Flowers in a
terminal raceme, simple or sparingly branched below. Pedicels patent, \ in.
long. Sepals about \ in., broadly oblong, obtuse, erect, enclosing the young
fruit. Filaments persistent, equalling the raised disk.

Upper Guinea. Oware, Beauvois ; Old Calabar, W. C. Thomson! Lagos Island,
Barter !

9. G. axillaris, OUv. A slirub of "12 ft." Leaves rather coriaceous,
broadly oblanceolate or oval, acu.Jiy often rather abruptly acuminate, much
narrowed or cuneate at the base, rather distantly repand-spinulose-serrate,
teeth probably deciduous, acumen entire ; 4-6 in. long, li-2|^ in. broad ;
petiole \-\ in. Stipules apparently connate, deciduous. Flowers in lateral
fascicles of 2 or 3 ; common peduncle obsolete ; pedicels -^-f in. Petals
very narrow, linear-oblong, exceeding the sepals. Filaments much shorter
than the elongate narrow-linear, but not abruptly narrowed, anthers. Fruit
not seen.

Upper Guinea. River Kongui, Ma/m ! Sierra Leone, Morson !

Order XXXVI. BURSERACEiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious. Calyx 3-4-5-lobed or
-partite ; segments valvate or imbricate. Petals 3-5, valvate or imbricate.

XXXVI. BUnSEliACE.t: (OLIVFU). 3-23

Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, inseiteil on llw* mnr-lii or on
the outside of a fleshy disk. Fihiments naked, snbulatt- or filiform." Autheni
2-celled. Ovary free, 2-5-celled, ovoid or globose ; sliiiina subsessile or
style short, thick. Ovules geminate (solitary in JJnnprichia ?). Fruit dru-
paceous or capsular. Seeds cxalbuminous.* Cotyledons usually thin and
more or less contorted ; radicle su|)erior.— Trees or shrubs, often resiniferous.
T>eaves alternate, exstipnlate, 3-foliolate or imparipinnate, rarely unifoliolatc!
Flowers small, paniculate, racemose or fascicled.

A considerable tropical Faiuily. But one satisfactorily ascertained ^'r,,,,-, is i.<rniiRrtu
Africa.

Ovules geminate.

Leaves imparipinnate. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled. Pericarp

3-valved 1 JJoswem.ia.

Leaves 3-1-foliolate or imparipinnate. Stamens 8, 4 shorter.

Ovary 2-3-et'lled. Fruit drupaceous 2. Hai.samode.sukon.

{See Prottum f p. 32yj
Leaves impari])innato. Stamens 6. Ovary 2.celled. Drupe

1-seeded ' 3. Canakium.

Leaves digitate, 5-folioInte. Flowers unisexual 4. PAiv.f:esA.

Ovules solitary. Leaves 3-5-foliolate. Stamens 8. Outer layer
of pericarp at length separating in 2-4 valves. Inner layer'di-
raidiate, arillus-like .' . .{See Sempric/u a. i)i2%.)

1. BOSWELLIA, Roxb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 322.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, sfireadinp,
imbricate. Stamens 10, inserted outside a fleshy free undulate disk. Ovary
3-celled, narrowed into the style; stigma terminal obtuse subentire or 3-
lobed. Ovules geminate. Capsule tiigonous, coriaceous, the epienrp separat-
ing in 3 valves from as many bony 1-seeded nuts. Embryo with " contor-
tuplicate multifid cotyledons and a superior radicle." — 'I'recs or shrubs,
abounding in resin ; bark deciduous in papery or membranous lamin».
Leaves usually crowded towards the ends of the branches, alternate, impari-
pinnate, exstipulate. Panicles or racemes axillary, or collected at the end-j
of the branches, precocious.

A small genus ot N. tropical Africa and India, including several species affording retiua
of commercial value, but which our material does not sutlice to identify and describe. It
is most desirable that specimens should be obtained in leaf, tlower, and fruit, with urapirs
of the resin afforded by the respective species. I have described belovr the leafy »pcci-
mens of several resin-producing species of the Somali country tiansmittcd to the litr Sir
W. J. Hooker by Col. Playfair.

1. B. papyrifera, Ric/t. Ft. Abyss, i. 148. /. 33. A tree abounding in
a fragrant resin ; bark separating in papery laminie. Leaves 1 ft. more or
less, midtifoliolnte, more or less tufted at the extremities of the branches,
shortly and softly pubescent ; lateral leaflets usually snl)oppo>ite, oblong-lan-
eeolale, from an oblique rounded or subtruncate base, rather obtusely pointed,
unequally crenate, subsessile, or petiolules very short ; 2j-3i in. long, \-\\
in. broad. Flowering extremities as thick or thicker than the finger, ttr-
minating rather abruptly. Flowers precocious, in spreading, distichously-
branched, pubescent-tomentose panicles, 6 in. long more or less, collected al

324 XXXVI. BURSERACE^K (oLivEu). {^BoswelUa.

the ends of the branches. Pedicels equallinsj the calyx or usually shorter
than the flowers, which are about \ in. across when expanded. Calyx-lobes
5, deltoid. Disk free, undulate, persistent. Ovary glabrous, narrowed into
the rather thick style. Stigma obtuse, scarcely capitate. Capsule 1 in,
lono-, clavate-trigonous, shortly narrowed above to an obtuse extremity
tipped by the remains of the style, narrowed to about twice the length
below. Seeds each enclosed in a separate bony endocarp acutely and
abruptly pointed below. — Arnyris papyr'ifera, Delile, Voy. a Meroe, 99.
Flossleajloribunda, Endl. Iconog. 56. t. 28.

Nile laand. Abyssinia, 5c^<!/«/j^r/ Sennar, Kotschy f Cienkowski.
Forming entire forests in the country of Bertat (Delile).

Probably distinct species of Boswellia, of which the flowers and fruit are unknown.

1. Niger, Barter. Leaves multifoliolate, 1-1 5 ft. Leaflets alternate, coriaceous, oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, obliquely rounded or the upper margin truncate at the base, broadly
toothed, the largest about 6 in. by 2 in., soft to the touch with minute pubescence or at
length glabrous above, pale and glaucous beneath ; midrib and lateral veins darker, rather
prominent.

2. Madi, White Nile, Speke and Grant. Leaves multifoliolate, glabrous, 1-1 4 ft. Leaf-
lets alternate coriaceous oblong-lanceolate obtuse or rather acute, rounded aud very unequal
at the base, rather wavy or distantly and broadly toothed, the largest (about one-third from
the end) 5 in. by If in. ; lower leaflets considerably smaller, shining and reticulated above,
glaucous with prominent midrib and reticulation beneath ; petiolules very short.

3. Somali Country, Col. Playfair^ ' Yegaar,' affording the resin Luhan Maitee. Extre-
mities terete, \-^ in. diam., with deciduous papery epiderm. Leaves 2-4| in. lotig, 7-9-
11-foIiolate, in terminal and lateral tufts, coriaceous, glabrous, and very glaucous above aud
below with obscure reticulation ; leaflets opposite or subopposite, ovate-oblong or -rotundate ;
apex very obtuse or rounded, lateral leaflets cordate or subcordate, very wavy, sessile, f -I
in. long. Stated to grow near the coast, out of smooth limestone rock.

4. Bunder Murayah, Somali Country, Col. Playfair. ' Mohr Add' (White). Bark se-
parating in membranous flakes. Leaves in terminal tufts, 4-1 ft. or rather more in length,
multi-(ll-17)foliolate, coriaceous glabrous or on expansion obsoletely puberulous, white and
glaucous beneath ; leaflets mostly opposite or subopposite, oblong-lanceolate, more or less
obtuse, base cordate or subcordate, entire or sinuous, reticulated beneath, the network
usually relieved by the glaucous interstices, 1-24 'Q- l^y i"* i"- Tound further inland than
the 'Yegaar,' about the summits of hills.

5. Somali Country, Col. Plai/fair. 'Mohr Madow ' (Black) with the preceding yielding
the Luban Bedowi, the Olibaiium of commerce. Leaves 8-12 in., 15-17-foliolate, pubes-
cent or glabrescent above. Leaflets coriaceous, sessile, elliptic- or ovate-oblong, very obtuse,
cordate or subcordate at the base, irregularly sinuous or entire, rather soft to the touch
above with a short or obsolete pubescence, beneath paler, minutely puhescent-tomentose,
midrib and lateral veins rather prominent, 14-2 in. by f-1 in., or terminal leaflet larger.
Also inland, usually in the valleys and lower parts of the hills.

6. Somali Country, Col. Playfair. Also labelled (through mistake ?) ' Mohr Madow '
(perhaps Boswellia' papyrif era) . Leaves 6-10 in., multifoliolate, pubescent. Leaflets sub-
opposite or alternate, coriaceous, sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ; base more or
less cordate, creuate or crisped, shortly pubescent, rugose beneath with prominent venation,
1-1 5 in. by 4-1 in.

2. BALSAMODENDRON, Kth. ; Benth. et Hook, f, Gen, PI. i. 323.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx campanulatc or shortly tubular, 4-toothed,
persistent. Petals. 4, .erect or with recurved tips, linear- or -oblanceolate-

Balsamodendron.] xxxvi. BURSERACKiE (olivkk). 3J5

oblong, valvate or with the sides slightly iinhrirate and tips irinirvfMl in spsti-
vation. Stamens 8, inserted on or outside the margin of a cupuliform disk,
alternately shorter. Ovary 2-3-celled, narrowed into a short thick style;
stigma obtuse, undivided, or margins lobulate. Ovules geminate, collateral,
pendulous. Fruit an ovoid or suhglohose drupe with 1-3 bony, 1 -seeded
pyrenes. Seeds exalbuminous. Cotyledons contortuplicate, sheathing the
terete pointed radicle. — Shrubs or small trees, often spinose, resin-affording
Leaves alternate, 1-3-foliolate or imparipinnate. Flowers small, fa-Hcirht
on thickened nodes or short lateral ramuli, or on 1 4-flowcred, axillan
jointed peduncles.

A small genus of Africa and the desert tracts of Arabia and India. The siK-cics nimh
want careful revision, but this cannot be satisfaclorily attempted without more ample ma-
terial than we at present possess.

Calyx campanulate or tubular.

Leaflets usually 3-1, crenate- serrate. Peduncles very short . . ]. B. africanum.

Leaflets 8-5, entire or obscurely undulate. Peduncles short . . 2. B. Opobahamum.

Leaflets 5-11, serrate-dentate. Flower-fascicles distinctly pedun-
culate Z. B. pedunculatum.

Calyx divided nearly to the base.

Leaves usually 3-foIiolate ; leaflets obovate, glabrous .... 4. i?. Playfairxi.

Leaves 5-7-loliolate ; leaflets entire, pubescent 5. ^. molle.

1. B. africanum. Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. (1839) 87. A shrub
or small tree, usually more or less spinose ; extremities minutely pubescent
or glabrous : in desert situations with numerous lateral, subpatent, spinous
ramuli. Leaves usually 3-foliolate; leaflets rather coriaceou?, median larger,
obovate, with a cuneate or gradually narrowed base, obtuse or bro.idiy
pointed, broadly crenate-serrate, usually pubescent at least beneath or on ex-
pansion, i-1-^ in. long, -j-1 in. broad ; lateral leaflets obli(|ue, often less than
half as large as the median. Petioles equalling or much shorter than the
leaflets. Flowers fasciculate. Calyx campanulate or shortly tubular. An-
thers of the shorter stamens apiculate. Drupe subglobose, slightly oblique,
with a 1 -celled putamen by abortion in the specimens which I have seen. —
Heudelotia africana. Rich, in Fl. Seneg. i. 150. t. 39. B. Schimperi and
B. Kotschyi, Berg in Bot. Zeit. 1862, lfi2.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ! Kworra, Barter !

Nile Liand. Abyssinia, Schitnper !

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma river, Dr. Kirk !

Var. abijssinicum. Leaves 3-1-foliolate, glabrous, acute or subacute, not deeply creuatr.
—B. abyssinicum. Berg in Bot. Zeit. 1862, 161. B. Knfal, Kth.? of Herb. Schimp. n.
1359. B. Kafat, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 149.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Ugani, Speke and Grant '

Mozamb. Distr., Dr. Kirk !

Var. ramosissimns. With numerous short spreading spinous Interal rannili. Petiole*
very short ; leaflets at length somewhat glassy.

North Central. Kouka, E. Vogel !

Richard's figure in 'Fl. Senegambia' represents all the anthers ns npiculate. and Berg makes
use of this character in distinguishing the Abyssinian plant spcrifirally, but in both the S«"nr-
gambian and Abyssinian plant, 1 find only the shorter stamens with apiculate antherr In
the Kew herbarium there are specimens of a Lycioid-looking BaUamodrndron, m\\h \^Tr-
cocious flowers on bracteolate pedicels, but without leaves, which a note by l>r. Kirk

326 XXXVI. BURSERACE* (oliver). [BaUamodendroti .

describes as " simple." The numerous lateral spinose ramuli spread nearly at right angles.
The pedicellate flowers are fasciculate subsessile or on short 2-3-flowered peduncle • Calyx
deeply campanulate. Drupes obliquely ellipsoidal, apiculate. I think they also belong to
£. africanum. They are from Koobie to N. Shaw Valley, Baines ! Lake Ngami, Chapman !
and Batoka Country, Dr. Kirk !

2. B. Opobalsamum, Klh. in Jnn. Sc. Nat. ii. (1824) 348. Ti-ee or
slirub, wUoUy glabrous or the extremities and leaves occasionally finely pu-
bescent, unarmed. Leaves scattered or in fascicles of 2, 3, or more, from
short or suppressed lateral branchlets often under 1 in. in length, 3-5-folio-
late, very rarely 1-foliolate with a distinct common petiole ; leaflets obovate
or oblanceolate, obtuse or broadly acute, entire or obscurely undulate.
Calyx campanulate, shortly 4-toothed. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoidal, smooth,
glabrous, apiculate. — B. pileadense, Kth. ; Berg in Bot. Zeit. 1862, 163.
B. Ehrenbergiauum, Berg, 1. c.

Nile Land. Nubia, Schweivfurth !

Arabia and perhaps also in Beloochistan.

I have had but iusuflicient material for examination.

3. B. pedunculatuin, KotscJiy et Peyr. in PI. Tinn. 11. ^. 5. B. Small
tree with 'erect terete striate branches, pubescent the first year, at length gla-
brous. Leaves more or less fascicled at the extremities, 1^-4 in. long, 5-
1 1 -foliolate ; leaflets sessile, oval or oblong, acute, serrate-dentate, pubescent
or shortly pilose on both sides, ^-1 in. long, Plowers clustered, subsessile
or shortly pedicellate, in pedunculate, axillary, few-flowered cymes. Calyx
urceolate-campanulate, 4-toothed, teeth triangular. Petals oblong-spathu-
late, pubescent externally. Stamens alternately shorter ; anthers muticous
or (jbscurely mucronulate. Fruit not described.

Nile Iiand. On the Bahr Ghasal, a tributary of the Upper Nile, Heuglin ; Sennar,
Cienkovjski ; Kordofan, Kotschy.
I have not seen a specimen.

4. B. Playfairii, Hook. f. in Herb. Kew. Glabrous, spinose ; spines
slender, rigid, very acute, \-\ in. long or tenninating lateral leafy
ramuli. Leaves fasciculate, 3-foliolate, coriaceous, glabrous ; median leaflet
obovate to oblanceolate, broadly pointed or shortly and abruptly apiculate,
narrowed below, entire or obsoletely and remotely crenulate-serrate, about \
in. long, \-\ in. broad ; lateral leaflets much smaller. Petiole not exceeding
1 line, or leaves subsessile. Calyx very short, 4-partite, lobes ovate-deltoid,
persistent. Anthers muticous. Petals not seen. Drupes subsessile, \ in.
long, ellipsoidal, rather acute when dry.

Nile Land. Somali Coast, Col. Pi ay fair I

Said to afford the Hotai resin. This shrub belongs to the genus Balsamoph/ceos o^ Berg
(Bot. Zeitung, 1862, 163), which, however, can hardly be maintained as distinct from Bal-
samodendrov . This plant must be very nearly allied to, if not identical with, B. Kataf,
Kth. {Balsamophlceos, Berg. 1. c), which Drs. Schwehifurth and Ascherson report from
Abyssinia and Nilbia. I have not, however, h^d specimens for comparison.

5. B. molle, Oliv. Shrub or small tree with pubescent annual slioots,
unarmed or spinescent. Leaves usually fascicled at the ends of the lateral

Balsamodendron.'] xxxvi. burserace^ (olivek) 327

])ranchlets, imparipiniiMte, 5-7-foliolate, more rnrelv 8.fuliolMtc, 2-3 in. lonjj
pubescent above, shortly tomentose beneatli ; lateral leaflets sessile or sub-
sessile, elliptical or oblono^-elliptical, rather acute, rouiuled or slightly cordate
at base, entire, f-li in. lonp:, X-A in. broad ; terminal leaflet scarcely larger
than those of uppermost pair. Flowers 1-4, on short peduncles; pedicels
\-\ in., pubescent. Calyx divided nearly to the base into 4 lanreolate-tri-
angular, subacute teeth. Petals lanceolate, narrowed above and below, re-
cui-yed at the tip. P'oiir shorter stamens with apiculatr anthers. Fnnt
ovoid or subglobosc, obtuse or subapiculate, pubescent.
Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, J)r. Kirk!

3. CANARIUM, Linn. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. (Jen. IM. i. 324.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx urceolate or ciipulate, 3-
loothed or 3-fid; lobes valvate, persistent. Petals 3, exceeding the c^lyx,
valvate or slightly imbricate. Stamens 6 (in African species), inserted'on
the margin or outer side of a fleshy entire or undulate disk ; filaments dis-
tinct. Ovary ovoid, 2-celled (in African species) ; ovules geminate; stigma
sessile or subsessile, capitate. Drupe ovoid or ellipsoidal, with a bony 1-
seeded putamen. Cotyledons contortuplicate. — Trees. Leaves alternate,
imparipinnate, exstipulate, the lowest pair of leaflets occasionally resembling
stipules. Flowers small, in axillary panicles.

A considerable pemis, most numerous in India and the Malayan region. The African
species appear to be confined to the continent, and differ from their allies in the more dcepljr
divided calyx and other characters which, however, do not warrant their generic 8«pt-
ration.

Leaflets 15-17, acuminate, 1^-2 in. broad; petiolule 1-2 lines . . \. C. edu!e.
Leaflets 7, apiculate, 3^-5 in. broad; petiolule ^-1 in. .... 2. C macrophyllum.

1. C. edule. Hook. f. Ft. Nigrit. 285. Tree. Leaves imparipinnate,
]5-17-foliolate ; leaflets rather coriaceous, subopposite or more or less ap-
proximated in pairs, from ovate- to oval-oblong, usually narrowly and often
somewhat abruptly acuminate, base oblique, glabrous above and at length
beneath, excepting on the midrib which remains pubescent or shortly hispi-
dulous ; lateral veins and reticulation rather prominent beneath ; upper leaf-
lets 4-6 in. long, ly-2 in. broad , lower smaller and lowest pair rotundate,
apiculate, 1 in. in diara. or less. Petiolules 1-2 lines. Inflorescence in
narrow, axillary, shortly rusty-tomentose panicles, usually collected near the
ends of the branches, |-1 ft. long, with short (^-2 in.) lateral peduncles
bearing several rather crowded or irregularly clustered flowers, subsessile or
on pedicels equalling the calyx. Flowers from l|-3 lines in length. Calyx
3-partite ; lobes broadly ovate, rather obtuse. Stamens 6. Ovary glabrous,
2-celled ; stigma sessile or subsessile. (" Fruit oval, black, size of a hen's
egg, 1-celled, containing a large embryo, having 2 3-i)arted cotyledons,"
JDon.) — Pachylobus eduUs, Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 89.

Upper Guinea, St. Thomas's, Don ! Old Calabar, //'. C. Thomson I CamtrooQi ri»cr

(cultivated), Mann ! I have not seen the fruit.

2. C. macrophyllum. Olio. A tree of 30 ft. ; extremities, when dry,

328 XXXVI. BURSERACE^ (oliver). [Canarium.

striate, pubernlous. Leaves iraparipinnate, apparently about 7-foliolate ; leaf-
lets opposite, firmly membranous, petiolulate, oblong- or broadly -elliptical,
entire, apiculate, glabrous above, minutely scaberulous beneath, 5-6 in. long,
3-3^ in. broad or terminal leaflet 8 in. by 5 in. ; petiolules ^-1 in. Flowers
small, in axillary, erect or ascending panicles of 4-6 in., usually 2 or 3
together : lateral branches, at least the upper ones, short or flowers fascicled.
Pedicels equalling the 3-partite calyx or shorter. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate-
deltoid". Stamens 6, inserted on the outer side of an undulate disk. Ovary
glabrous, 2-celled. Ovules geminate.

Upper Guinea. Small Kobi Island, Gulf of Guinea, Mann !

The fruit, which I have not seen, Mr. Mann says is eaten by the natives.

4. PAIV^USA, Welw. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 993.

Flowers unisexual ; male in shortly pedunculate involucrate capitula ;
female solitary. Male fl. : Calyx more or less oblique, deeply 6-8-fid ; lobes
unequal, erect, obtuse. Petals 0. Stamens 6-8, inserted around a crenate
disk ; filaments filiform, glabrous. Anthers basifixed, 2-celled, dehiscing
longitudinally. Ovary obsolete. Female fl. : Calyx same as in male, but
larger, persistent. Petals 0 Ovary ovoid, suiTOunded by 6-7 minute,
ciliate, distinct or confluent scales, 2-celled ; style short ; stigmas 2, reni-
form ; ovules geminate, pendulous from near the apex of the cells. Fruit
obovoid ; epicarp coriaceous ; endocarp thin, imperfectly 2-valved, with 1-2
bony pyrenes in each cell. Seed exalbuminous ; cotyledons broadly obcordate,
plane; radicle superior, short, straight. — Small tree, with stout tuberculate
branches. Leaves alternate, fascicled at the extremities, digitate ; leaflets 5
(rarely more or fewer), oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, rather obtuse, entire,
tomentose beneath. Flowers inconspicuous ; the male in densely fascicled
involucrate heads.

But one species is known.

1. P. dactylophylla, Welw. in Linn. Trans, xxvii. {ined.) t.l. A small
tree of 8-15 ft. ; extremities brownish- or rusty-tomentose or silky. Leaves
spreading, thinly pubescent above, at length nearly glabrous, softly tomen-
tose beneath; leaflets 2^-5 in. long, 1-lf in. broad ; petiole 2-3 in. Male
flowers 30 or more in each head ; involucre unequally 6-8-lobed.

liower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

For the details of the above description I am indebted to Dr. Welwitsch !

? hemprichia, Ehrenh. ; Benth. et Hook. f. 1. c. 327. " Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx
4-fid. Petals 4, hairy externally. Stamens 8, inserted on the margin of 'an adnate disk.
Ovary ovoid, 2-celled, with a short thick style and 3-siilcate stigma; ovules solitary. Fruit
globose; the outer layer of the pericarp separating in 2-4 deciduous valves; inner layer
sheathing the base of the 1 -celled (by abortion) pyrene, red, succulent, resembling an arillus.
Seed exalbuminous ; cotyledons pHcate ; radicle superior. — A shrub 'or tree. Leaves alter-
nate, 3-5-foliolate. Panicles short, axillary."

Based upon a plant (//. erythreea, Ehrenb.) collected on the Island Ketumbal, in the Red
Sea.

Hewprichia.] xxxvi. burseuaci:.*: (olivkh).

329

Specimens under this name are distributed by Dr. Schwciufurth, collected on the coast of
Nubia. The leaves are clustered at the extremities of the branches or scattered on barren
shoots, all 3-foliolate, more or less shortly or subsrabrid-puhesrent ; leaflets obovate or the
smaller lateral ones obliquely ovate, usually obtuse, crenate-serrulate ; the nii-dian 1^2 in.
long, narrowed to the petiolule. Calyx 4-fid. pubescent. Petals valvate in a-stivalion. I
have not had material for satisfactory analysis of the flower. The fruits arc o\oid-cl<.boft«.
puberulous, on peduncles of i-f iu. ; the epicarp tardily sepnratiuj; in 2 4 valves, from the
bony, 1-celled, compressed pyrene, at one side of which internally are traces of tlu aborted
cell. I do not observe any indication of the dimidiate arilliform layer of the pericarp refcrp-d
to by Ehrenberg. This, however, is very conspicuous, surrounding some nulB sent to K»-w
by Colonel Playfair, stated to belong to a " Copal-tree," of Zanzibar, 'i'he.se nuts I take to
be deprived of their epicarp. They are \-^ in. long, nearly black, smooth, and Hhininc,
slightly compressed, with a marginal suture, surrounded, one-third from the bni»e, by a rrd^
dish, fleshy, arilliform coat; 1-celled and 1-seedcd by abortion, a prominent internal lateral
projection marking the abortive cell. The seed is exalbuminous. Cotyledons contortupli-
cate. Kadicle superior. Dr. Schweinfurth's plant I take to be a Proiiu'm. Identical geur-
rically with Dr. Schweinfurth's plant, described above, is a distinct speciej* (Protium f
mossambicense, Oliv.), sent from the Zambesi by Dr. Kirk, in fruit only. It may be dis-
tinguished thus :— Leaves 3-foliolate (rarely sub-5-foliolate), at length glabrescent'; lejiflets
broadly ovate-rotundate, broadly pointed, subacute or obtuse, entire or faintly undulate;
median 3-3^ in. long, l|-3 in. broad, on a petiolule of f-li in., lateral li-2 in. long and
broad, on petiolules of \-\ in. Fruits racemose from the axils of fallen leaves, broadly
ellipsoidal or subglobose, about ^ in. in length ; epicarp tardily 2-valved.

Order XXXYII. MELIACE^ (by Professor Oliver).

Flowers regular, hermaplivodite or rarely uiiisexunl by abortion. Calyx
4-5-lobed, -partite or -sepalous ; segments usually imbricate. Petals as
many, free, contorted or imbricate (in the African genera). Stamens usually
8-10, monadelphous (in the African genera). Anthers 2-celled, dehiscing
longitudinally, sessile or stipitate, inserted upon or within the margin of the
usually lobed dentate or fringed tube. Ovary free, usually surrouiuU'd by
an annular free or adnate disk, 2-5-12-celled ; style simple ; stigma capitate
or discoid. Ovules 2, occasionally 4-10. Fruit baccate or capsular. Seeds
with or without albumen, in Carapa very large, angular, in Kliayn subalatc.
— Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulatc, simple, 3-foliolate or vari-
ously pinnate, epunctate. Flowers rather small, usually cymose, in com-
pound racemes or panicles, occasionally umbellate, fascicled, geminate or
rarely subsolitary.

A large Order, common to the warmer regions of both hemispheres. Two of the follow-
ing genera {Ekebergia and Khaya) are peculiar to Africa. SchizocaJyx^ Hoch^t. iu Flora,
1844, Beilage, p. 1, is referred to Salvadoracea by Planchon.

Leaves simple. Ovary 5-1 2-celled 1- Ti-kr-^a.

Leaves 2-pinnate -• 'Mni.v.

Leaves pinnate or 3-foliolate.

Ovules geminate. Fruit baccate 3- Kkkbkkou.

Ovules geminate. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing loculicidally .... 4. Trichilia.

Ovules 2-8. Staminal tube nrceolatc. Fruit (very large) opening iu

4-5 valves, with thick angular-pyramidal seeds 5. Carapa.

Ovules 10-14. Fruit capsular. Seeds compressed or subalatc ... 6. Khata.

330 XXXVII. MELIACE-^ ^^OLIVER).

1. TURR^A, Linn. ; Bentli. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 331.

Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed or 5-fid, persistent. Petals 5, oblanceolate-
linear or spathulate, imbricate. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Anthers ob-
long or linear, apiculate, inserted in the mouth of the staminal-tube, included
or exsert^d. Ovary 5-12-(20-)ceiled. Capsule with 5 or more cells, coria-
ceous or somewhat fleshy at first, globose or clavate. — Trees or shrubs.
Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, entire or lobulale. Flowers axillary, pe-
dunculate or pedicellate, fasciculate umbellate or solitary.

A genus confined to the tropics of the Old World, the following species to the African
continent.

Leaves, some at least, obovate-cuneate, 3-lobate above.

Flowers solitary or in pairs, axillary I. T. helerophylla.

Leaves elliptical, entire, apiculate or acuminate, glabrate. Umbels
2-oo-flo.wered ; pedunculate. Stamiual teeth subulate. Ovary
9-12-celled 2. T. VogeliL

Leaves elliptical, narrowed to each end, thinly pubescent beneath.
Peduncles 2-4-flowered. Staminal tube creuate or entire. Ovary
5-celled 3. T. ahyssinica.

Leaves obovate obtuse, tomentose beneath. Umbellate many-flowered
fascicles sessile. Staminal teeth triangular or oblong, entire or 2-
iid. Ovary 10-celled 4 7. nihdica.

Leaves oblanceolate or rhomboidal, entire or lobulate. Flowers soli-
tary or 2 or 3. Staminal tube fimbriate. Ovary 5 -celled . . . 5. 71 obtusifo/ia.

1. T. heterophylla, Sm. ; DC. Prod. i. 620. Leaves thinly membra-
nous, usually more or less obovate-cuneate, 3-lobate above, with rectangular
or obscure lateral lobes above the middle or varying to broadly obovate-ob-
long, subentire, obsoletely pubescent at least on the midrib below, 2-2i in.
long, 1-1-2 in. broad ; petiole 2 lines. Flowers |-| in. long, solitary or in
pairs from the upper axils, on peduncles of \-\ in. Calyx-teeth deltoid.
Teeth of staminal tube apparently capillary. Ovary . . . ?

Upper Guinea. Cape Coast, Brass ! Jfzelius !

Dr. Lindley in the ' Botanical Register ' (xxx. t. 4) figures and describes a plant brousiht
from Sierra Leone by "Whitfield, under the name T. lobata, which is probably identical with
the above. The ovary he states to be certainly 5-celled, while T. heterophylla is disposed by
Mr. Bennett (Plantae Javan. Rar. 184) under the section of the genus characterized by a 10-
20-celled ovary. In other respects the resemblance between Dr. Lindley 's figui'e and Smith's
plant is very close. In T. lobata the teeth of the staminal tube are 20 in number, subulate,
and arranged in 10 pairs. T. quercifolia, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 678, may be also cited as a
synonym. Dr. Sonder, in ' Flora Capensis ' (i. 245), identifies a Cape Tnrrcea {T. flori-
bunday Hochst.) with Smith's plant, but I think he is mistaken.

2. T. Vogelii, Hook.f. Fl. Nigrit. 253. A shrub or small tree, often
with elongate, rather slender, pubescent or glabrate branches. Leaves mem-
branous, oblong-elliptical or broadly elliptical, shortly acuminate, more or less
rounded or cun^te at the base, entire, glabrous excepting the midrib and
principal veins, which are often puberulous or with hairy tufts at the axils ;
2^-5 in. long, li-2| in. broad; petiole 2-3 lines. Flowers on axillary pe-
duncles, usually from f-2^ in. long, bearing from 2-8 or 10 umbellate

Tnrraa] xxxvii. met.iace.^ (Oliver). 331

pedicels shorter than tlie peduncle, minutely bracteolate at the base. Calyx
shortly 5-tootlied. Petals oblanceolate or spaihulate, whitish. StaminHl
tube i-^ in. ; margin with subulate or filiform, entire or divided teeth, pilose
or glabrous within. Anthers narrow. linear, exserted wholly or in part.
Ovary 9-10-12-celled. Style exserted, with an oval-oblon? dilatation and
terminal obtuse stigma. Fruit, in our specimen, clavate, about 1 in. lonjj,
separating from above into as many coriaceous valves as cells.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vot/el! and others ; Prince's? Islnnd, liart^'r '
Var. propintjtm. Leaves rather smaller and narrower, ohiong or oblanccolatc-eliintictl.
— T. propinqua, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 254 ; St. Thomas's, Don !

3. T. abyssinica, Hochst. ; Rich. Fl. .ihyas. i. 106. t. 25. Leaves

membranous, elliptical, more or less narrowed above and below or acuminate,
obtuse or ratlu^r acute, entire, glabrous above, thinly pubescent or glabrescent
beneath, excepting on the principal veins or in their axils, 2-3 ^ in. Ion",
f-l| in. broad ; petiole i-| in. Flowers on 2-4-flowered axillary peduncltSi
i-| in. long; pedicels bracteolate at or near the base, ^-1 in. long. Calyx-
lobes short, triangular. Staminal tube about | in. or less, shortly and broadly
or crenately toothed or nearly entire, partially or wholly concealing the an-
thers. Ovary 5-celled. Style considerably exserted, ovoid- or globose-
dilated under the stigmatic apex. Fruit a globose capsule, in some speci-
mens rather fleshy at first.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! and others.

Var. ;8. longipedicellata. Pedicels slender, 1 in. Leaves thin, about 3 in. Ion:;.— .Vii-
kober, Abyssinia, Roth !

4. T. nilotica, Kotschy et Peyr. PL Turn. 12. /. fi. A small shrub or
arl)ore3C^t, attaining 20 ft. Branches rather stout. Leaves obovate or
obovate-elliptical, obtuse retuse or scarcely pointed, more or less narrowed
to the petiole, entire or undulate, shortly pubescent and soft to the touch
above or at length glabrate, pubescent-tomentose and paler beneath, with ihi;
midrib prominent tow^ards the base, 2-4 in. long, l|-2 in. broad ; ))eUolc
2-4 lines. Flowers about | in. long, in many-tlowered, umbellate, sessile,
axillary and subterminal fascicles or terminating short, lateral ramuli ; pedicels
■^-y in., minutely bracteolate at the base, pubescent. Calyx 5-fid ; lobt-s
triangular, rather acute. Petals narrowly oblanceolate, revolute or spread-
ing. Staminal tube with a densely hairy ring inside ; margin with short
triangular or oblong, entire or 2-fid teeth, equalling or exceeding the anthers.
Style about twice as long as the staminal tube. Ovary 10-celled. Stiguja
capitate, ovoid-conical, shortly hairy. (P'ruit globose, sulcnte, yellow, from
a note by Dr. Kirk.)

Nile Land. Upper Nile, HeugHn ; Gondokoro, Knoblecher.
South Central. Victoria Falls, Zambesi, Dr. Metier!
Mozamb. Distr. Shire river, Dr. Kirk !

.5. T, obtusifolia, Hochst. in Flora, xxvii. 290. Shrub or small shrub-
like tree, with slender, glabrous, leafy twigs. Leaves oblanceolate or rhom-
boid-oblanceolate, often with broad, obtuse, lateral lobes ; apex obtuse or

33B XXXVII. MELiACEiE- (oliver). [Tniraa.

rather ociite, narrowed to the base, 1-1^ in- lo^o:, 2-3 lines to \ in. broad or
more ; petiole very short. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 from an obsolete axil-
lary peduncle ; pedicels equalling the calyx or varying to ^ in. Calyx divided,
about halfway or less, into 5 oblong-lanceolate or triangular rather acute
teeth. Petals narrowed below, 1 in. long or rather longer. Staminal tube
fimbriate, with spreading teeth. Anthers oblong, apiculate. Style very
shortly exserted, shortly ovoid or oblong at the apex.

South Central. Lake Ngami, M'Cabe !

Also at Natal and other localities, south of the tropic. The tropical specimens have
narrow entire leaves.

T. graciliflora, Schlechtendal in Limtaa, xxv. 217- Leaves ovate, narrowly and ob-
tusely acuminate, narrowed to the base, entire, undulate or regularly or irregularly lobed or
dentate; veins puberulous or pubescent, 85 in. long, I5 in. broad. Flowers few, shortly
pedicellate on sbort peduncles. Calyx 5- fid. Staminal tube with nearly filiform teeth.
Style much exserted, scarcely diUited; stigma convex, entire. Cells of ovary . . . ?

Described from a specimen of unknown origin, attributed to the African continent on the
ground of its affinities. Perhaps identical with T. heterophylla, Sm., but I have not seen a
specimen.

2. MELIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 332.

Calyx 5-(6-)partite ; lobes imbricate. Petals as many as calyx-lobes,
spreading, contorted in aestivation. Stamens 10-12, monndelphous. An-
thers included within the slightly dilated 10-12-fid mouth of the cylindrical
tube. Ovary 3- 6-celled ; style slender ; stigma capitate. Ovules 2 in each
cell, superposed. Fruit drupaceous, with a 1-5-celled bony putaraen. —
Trees. Leaves alternate, 2-3-pinnate (or simply pinnate). Panicles ample,
axillary, usually collected towards the ends of the branches.

A small genus of India, the Archipelago, and Australia, one species (the following) widely
dispersed by cultivation in warm countries.

*1. M. Azedarach, Z/ww. ; BC. Prod. i. 621. Leaves 1-2 ft., 2-
pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate or varying from ovate-lanceolate to elliptical,
acute or acuminate, serrate incise-serrate or subentire. Fruit with a 5-celled
putamen or, bv abortion, with fewer cells. — M. angustifolia , Schum. et Thonn.
Guin. PI. 214.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don ! Guinea, Thonning ; Gambia, Ingram !

6. EKEBERGIA, Sparrm.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 335.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx shortly cup-shaped, 5-fid. Petals 5, oblong,
imbricate. Stamens 1 0, monadelphous ; margin of the tube dentate. An-
thers exserted. Ovary sessile, 2-5-celled. Fruit baccate, indehiscent, " 2-
5-celled. Cells 1-seeded. Seeds without an aril." — Trees. Leaves impari-
pinnate. Panicles of cymose flowers axillary.

A small genus, confined to Africa, one species occurring south of the tropic.

Ovary 5-celled 1. ^. senegalensis.

Ovary 2-celled 1. E. Rilppeliana.

Ekthergia.'] xxxvii. meliace.e (olivkk). 333

1. E. senegalensis, A. Jim. Mt<n. Mtliac S2. /. 17/ ir, n. Lcuvrs
i-1 ft. or longer, 5-1 l-folio!iite ; leatk-ts rather coriaceous, lal.-ial opposite
or nearly so, elliptical or oval-obloii<,^ apiculate or rather broadly (sometimes
very acutely, Juss.) pointed, rounded or somewhat m»rrowed at the bas.-, very
shortly petiolulate or subsessile, glabrous, paler or glaucous beneath, Ij 3
in. long, f-1^ in. broad. Flowers cymose, in compound axillary racemes
much shorter than the leaves, sessile or subsessile ami clustered*. C'nlvx-
lobes broad and rounded or deltoid. Staniinal tube denticulate. Ovary" j-
celled. Fruit fleshy, about the size of a cherry. — Fl. Seneg. i. rJ7. t. 31.

Upper Guinea. Seneganibia ! Leprieur.

2. E. Rtippeliana, Rich. Fl. Ahyas. i. 105. Leaves colleete«I at the
glabrous or, at first, tomentose-pubescent extremities, 5 U-foliolate, \ 1 ft.
long or more ; leaflets coriaceous or firmly membranous, lateral opposite or
subopposite, elliptic- or ovate-lanceohitfe, acute or acuminate, base varying
much in obliquity, entire or obsoletely undulate-crenate, glabrous, paler or
glaucous beneath, 2-4 in. long, 1-1^ in. broad ; petiolule 1-2 lines or less ;
terminal leaflet often \-\\ in. beyond the last pair. Flowers cymose, iu
compound pedunclatue racemes, from the axils of and much shorter than the
upper leaves ; pedicels very short. Calyx 5-fi(l, with ovate or deltoid lobes.
Anthers linear-lanceolate. Ovary pilose, 2-locular. Fruit fleshy, globose.
— Trichilid Riipptdiana, Fresen. in Mus. Senck. ii. 2/8. Kktitnjla Pdit-
iana, Rich. 1. c. t. 24.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Ruppel, Schimper ! Roth ! and others ; St'uiiar, Cimkotcski !

E. Petifiana, of Rirhard, is the more glabrous form of this species, and therefore corre-
sponds more strictly with the plant originally described by Frcsenins. I have seen s|>eci-
ineus from the llichardian herbarium, collected by Dillon and Petit, coinmunicafed by Count
Franqueville.

E. Meyeri^ Prcsl, a Cape species, is doubtfully distinct.

4. TRICHILIA, Linn. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. (ien. PI. i. 337.

Calyx short, 4-5-toothed -fid or -partite. Petals 4-5, erect or spreading,
imbricate. Stamens 8-10, mouadelphous ; filaments free more or less above
or united to the apex, entire or with a lateral tooth on each side of the anther.
Disk free or adnate to the base of the tube or ovary. Ovary 2 3-celled ;
style simple, short or elongate, with a capitate stigma. Ovules geminate.
Capsule 2-3-celled, dehiscing from above locidicidally ; cells I 2-seetletl.
Seeds " with a fleshy arillus."— Trees or shrubs. Leaves impiiripinnate or
3-foliolate. Flowers cymose, in axillary panicles or compound racemes, often
collected near the ends of the branches.

A considerable genus, including numerous tropiciil American s)Rcies. Suuie of Iht- fol-
lowing species, in the absence of the fruit, must remain uncertain as to genus.

Filaments united to the apex. Leatlets 5-7, acuminatr or apinilatc,

glabrous. Flowers H-2 lines 1- T. Prxfunana.

Filaments free in the upper half.

334 xxxvn. meliace.e (oliver). {Trk-ldlia.

Filaments entire (not 2-ficl) at apex. Leaflets 9-11, acute or acu-
minate. Flowers | in 2. T. Heudelut'd.

Filaments 2-tid at the apex (a laterah tooth at each side of anther).
Leaflets 3-5, retuse-truncate, glabrous. Flowers \ in. Ovary

2-eelled Z. T. retma.

Leaflets 7-11, obtuse, pubescent beneath. Flowers \ in. diam.

Ovary 3-celled ". 4. jT. emetica.

Leaflets acute or acuminate.

Leaflets about 9, 6-16 in. long, glabrous. Flowers \-\\ in.

diam. Ovary 2-celled ^. T. ? grandifolia.

Leaflets 9-11, 6-S in. long, glabrous. Flowers 1^-2 lines.

Ovary 3-celled '^. T.? ruhescens.

Leaflets 9-15, 1-3 in. long, pubescent. Flowers 1^-2 lines. 5. T. capUata.

1. T. Prieuriana, A. Juss. Mem. Meliac. 124. Leaves 5-7-foUolate,
glabrous ; leaflets rather coriaceous, drying pale green, lateral alternate or
subopposite, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, shortly and obtusely acuminate or
apiculate, rounded or cuneate at the base, 3-4 in. long, 1^-2 in. ba-oad, or
terminal leaflets 6 in. by 2-^ in.; petiolules 1-4 lines. Flowers 1^-2 lines,
in very short axillary panicles of J-2 in. often branched from the base; sub-
sessile or pedicels shorter than the 5 -fid calyx. Calyx-lobes ovate. Fila-
ments united to the apex. Anthers sessile. Disk adnate to the staminal
tube. I have not succeeded in making out the structure of the ovary, which
Jussieu describes as 3-celled, Guillemin and Perrottet as 2-celled. — Fl. Seneg.
i. 125. t. 30.

Upper Gaiuea. Senegambia ! Lagos, Barter !

2. T. Heudelotiiy Planch, in Herb. Ke?o. Leaves 9-11-foliolate, rather
large, rachis puberulous or glabrate ; leaflets usually approximate in pairs,
rather coriaceous, oblong- or oblanceolate-oval, acuminate, more or less nar-
rowed or rounded at the base, glabrous or very nearly so, entire, lateral
veins prominent beneath; the upper and terminal leaflets larger, attaining
4-7 in. in length, 1^-2 in. in breadth or a little more ; petiolules 1-3 lines.
Flowers about -| in. in length, in numerous nearly simple or compound short
racemes of 2-3 in., crowded at the extremities from the axils of ordinary or
reduced leaves ; pedicels usually shorter than the flower or flowers subsessile.
Calyx 5-4-fid, ^dth ovate-deltoid lobes, early deciduous. Filaments connate
half their length, entire or not distinctly toothed at ihe apex, hairy above.
Ovary 3(-4)-celle(l, with the ovules in pairs. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ! Sierra Leone, Morson ! Fernando Po, Mi

(mil

3. T, retusa, Oliv. A tree of 40 ft. with fragrant white flowers.
Leaves 6-8 in., 3-5-foliolate, glabrous ; leaflets coriaceous, narrowly oblan-
ceolate- or oval-oblong, abruptly retuse-iruncate, narrowed to the base, entire,
midrib prominent beneath, 3-4 in. long, 1-1^ in. broad ; petiolides 2-3
lines. Flower.s \ in. long, cymose, in axillary panicles or from the axils of
reduced or squamiform leaves at the ends of the branches, 1-4 in. long.
Calyx 4-5-partite with ovate obtuse lobes. Filaments united half their
length, pilose above ; apex 2-fid ; anthers linear. Ovary 2-celled with gemi-
nate ovules. Fruit coriaceous, sessile or subsessile, separating in two valves,

TrichiUa.'] xxxvir. meliack.'e ((ji.ivku).

335

about 1 in. in diam. Seeds oblong, ^ in. lonj,', subtri^^oMoiis witli n rouu.!.-.!
back.

Upper Guinea. Nupe by the Kv^cr, Barter !

4. T. emetica, Vahl ; DC. Prod. i. 622. Tree, with the f^rowinj;
extremities pubescent. Leaves 7-1 1-foliolate, pubescent benenth, i l^ft.
long; leaflets coriaceous, lateral opposite or subopposite, usually oblonj^.
elliptical, varying from oblanceolate- to ovate-oblong, very obtuse, base njore
or less rounded rarely subcordate, glabrescent above, pubescent benrath,
with rather numerous and prominent lateral nerves, upper leaflets 2^ 6 in
long, 1-2|- in. broad, occasionally larger ; i)eliolules 1-2 lines or 0. Flowers
^ in, when expanded, usually crowded or cymosely clustered, in short nxdlary
))anicles of 1-G in. Calyx 5-partite or 5-sepalous ; segments rolundatc.
JV'tals imbricate. Filaments united to the middle, hairy within above; apex
2-ri(l. Ovary 3-celled with geminate ovules. Fruit ^1 in. in diam., globos<*
01' globose-clavate, shortly stipitate, separating in 3 coriaceous valvrs (or
fewer by abortion) ; stipes thick, 1 or 2 lines to \ in. Seeds oblong " with
a scarlet arillus."/— 3/r///<m;-a oleifera^ Ik'rt. Misc. liot. ix. (J. t. 2. (ituii^-
stephanits iomentosi/s, ¥tnz\ in Flora, 1844,312. Uuchetia chotntis, Delile
in Roch. ii*= Voy. Bot. n. 47 {fide Richard).

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone ! Senegambia ! (? Ni<;er, Barter).

Nile Iiand. Madi, White Nile, Speke and Grant ! Seuuar, Kolschi/ ! .\bvMiiiia.

South Ce'itral. Upper Zambesi, JJr. Kirk.

Mozamb Distr. Zambesi, from the coast upwards and Shire river, Dr. Kirk '
Rovuma rivef, Br. Kirk.

The oil and tallow obtained from the seeds, Dr. Kirk states is valuable and may be had in
quantity. The oil is used in cookery. 1 have little hesitafion in referring the ralher nu-
merous specimeus in the Kew herbarium from the locahlies above quoted to one 8|)ecies,
though whether the Arabian plant {FAcoja) of Forskal be the same is another mailer.
Forskal's descriptiori agrees tolerably well, and Jussieu had no doubt as to the specific iden-
tity of the W. African and Arabian [dauts. — T. Bregeana^ E. Moy., may turu out a variriy
of this species.

5. T. capitata, Khtzsch in Peters Mossamb. hot. 120. Extremities pu-
bescent. Leaves 9-15-foliolate, 9-12 in. long, pubescent or at length nearly
glabrous at least above ; leaflets alternate or sid)opposite, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, base rounded, sometimes broadly, more
rarely cuneate, obscurely unduhitc-crenate or subcntire, 1^3 in. long or the
lower about 1 in., 2—2 in. broad ; petiolules 1 line more or less Flowers
l|-2 lines, in pednncidate axillary corymbose or subcapitate cymes, with tin-
peduncle (when elongate usually unbranched below) ,^-4 in. long. Calyx
5-fid. Petals imbricate. Filaments united about one-third, deeply 2-fid nt
the apex, the subnlate teeth rather shorter than the anthers. Disk free.
Ovary probably 3-celled, with geminate ovides. Fruit globose, \ in. or less
in diam., dehiscing in 3 or 2 valves. Seeds 6 or fewer.

Moxamb. Distr. Zambesi and Shire, Jhs. Kirk itnd MclUr ' Vrtert '

6. T. ? grandifoliay Oliv. Leaves about 9-foliolate, ample, rachis
terete, as thick as a stout quill ; leaflets firmly membranous, 6-16 in. long.
3^-5 in. broad, ovate-oblong or oblong-elliptical, acuminate, base broadly

336 XXXVII. MELIACE^ (oliver). [TnchlUa.

rounded or even truncate ; petiolules }-l in. or of the terminal leaflet 1 in.
Flowers 1-1 1 in. in diam. when expanded, in short, axillary, loosely brancliiiitr
panicles or compound racemes. Calyx 5-partite ; lobes rotundate. Petals
ratlier thick, obtuse, patent, 6-8 lines long. Filaments united one-third to
oiie-lialf their length, hairy above on the inner side and margins ; apex 2-fid ;
teeth nearly equalling the anthers. Disk adnate to the staminal tube. Ovary
hairy, 2-locular ; ovules geminate. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. St. Thomas's. Mann !

7. T. ? rubescens, OUv. A tree of 12-15 ft. Leaves 1-2 ft. long,
9-11-foliolate, with a terete puberulous or glabrate rachis ; leaflets alternate
or subopposite, rather coriaceous, oblong-elliptical or -oblanceolate, shortly
and acutely acuminate, glabrous or sparsely puberulous beneath on the
principal nerves, 6-8 in. long, 2-2^ in. broad ; petiolules 2-3 lines. Flowers
" yellow," 1^-2 lines, in corymbose cymes collected in axilhiiy, sometimes
elongate panicles of 5-12 in. ; pedicels equalling the calyx or shorter. Calyx
shortly cupulate, 5-partite, with broad rotundate or transversely oblong lobes.
Filaments shortly 2-tid at the apex, united about half their length, hairy
within. Disk thick, fleshy, free. Ovary 3-celled with geminate ovules.
Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po and Ambas Bay, Mann !

Limonia? monadeJpha, Schnm. et Thonn. Giiin. PI. 217, as suggested by Dr. Plancliou
(Fl. Nigrit. 255), is probably a Trichilia, but I can only guess as to the species.

5. CARAPA, Aubl ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 338.

Calyx 5- or 4-partite or -lobed ; lobes rotundate, short. Petals as many
as divisions of the calyx, contorted in aestivation. Stamens monadelphous ;
anthers 8-10, included, alternate with the entire apiculate or eraarginate
teeth of the urceolate tube. Ovary 4-5-6-celled, surrounded by an annular
partially free or adherent disk ; style short, thick ; stigma discoid. Ovules
about 2-8 in each cell. Capsule large, somewhat fleshy or woody, at length
opening in 4-5 valves. Seeds large, more or less pyramidally angled by
mutual pressure, 2 or more in each cell. (I have not examined seeds in a
fresh state.) — Trees, perfectly glabrous, with large multifoliolate imparipin-
nate or smaller abruptly pinnate, coriaceous leaves. Flowers in axillary
panicles, cymose.

A genus of 2 or 3 species, one of which appears to be common to both Eastern and
"Western tropical shores of the Atlantic.
Leaves imparipinnate, multifoliolate. Teeth of staminal tube entire or

emarginate. Ovules 4-7 in each cell 1. C. guyanensis.

Leaves 2-(3-l-)jugate. Teeth of staminal tube rounded, apiculate.

Ovules 2-4 in each cell 2. C. violuccensls.

1. C. guyanensis, Aubl.; DC. Prod.'\. 626. Leaves multifoliolate,
imparipinnate, 2-4 ft. in length, principally collected at the extremities of
the branches ; leaflets subopposite or alternate, broadly oblong or oblong-

Carapn.'] xxxvil. MEI.iack.f. (oi.ivf.k). .'irj?

elliptical, apex rounded, shortly ii])iculate or iniicroiiate, tlie upper usually
5-12 iu, louo:, 1^-4 iu. broad ; petiolules very short or obsolete or from \-\
iu., very thick in the larger leaves. Panicles niany-jlowercd, \ 1 ft. or lonjjer ;
lateral branches spreading, short or elongate. Flowers iu cymose clusters ;
|)edicels various, very short or slightly exceeding the flower. Teelh of th«-
stauiinal tube rounded or subquadrate, entire or slightly enuuginate. Ovary
5-4-6-celled, imniersed in a thick annnlar disk with a rounded free n)argiii.
Ovules 4-7 in each cell. Fruit about 4-5 in. in diam., subglobo^c The sec<U
afford an oil used l)y the ui\t'\yes.— C. fj/iif/ecusifi, (J. Don in Loud. Horl.
Hrit. 168; A. Juss. M.'ni. MpI. t. 9. f. 21. C. Tonloncoi,,,,,^ Ciuili. rt IVrr.
V\. Seneg. i. 128 (see also KuMuer, Syn. Mesp. i. 122-3).

Upper Gninea. Scnegambia ! Sierra Leoiic, 5^/;-A';- / I- 1 rnuiulo I'n, //i/;-A r '.!/</»/»/ '
Niger, Barter ! Anibas Bay, Mmni !

I have compared specimens in fluwer as well as fruits preserved in the Kew Museum fi<.iu
tro])ieal America and ^Vest Africa, and 1 cannot find any specific dilferencc between tliciii.
'riie distinctions noted by I^errottet and quoted hy A. Jnssicu, 1 have little confidence in,
and Jiissieu himself suspected that they might belong to one species. The Senegainliiau
i\irapa is described as a large tree; further south, according to Barter's labels, it occurs a^
a small one.

2. C. moluccensis, Zrm. ; DC. ProJ. \. Ctii). A perfectly glubruuH
littoral tree or slirub. Leaves 4-8 in., 2-jugate, mrely I- or 3-jugate, or one
of the lateral leaflets deficient ; leaflets coriaceous elliptical- or oblanceolatc-
oblong, obtuse, usually cuneate or narrowed to the petiole, 2.^-5 in. long,
\-\^ iu. broad. Flowers cymose, in short racemose axillnry or subterniinal
panicles or nearly simple racemes usually nuich shorter than the leaves.
Pedicels divaricate, thickened upwards, equalling or exceeding the flower,
('alyx 4- or 5 -partite with rounded lobes. Teeth of st.'iuiinal tube broad,
obtuse, apiculate. Ovary 4-celled, the base surrouiuled by an adnate scarlet
disk ; ovules 2-4 in each cell. Fruit about the size of a chihrs head ; the
pericarp separating iu 4 valves. Seeds very large, angular, with "a thick
corky" testa {Kirk). — Xylocarpus Granatam, Keen. ; Willd. Sp. PI. ii. :i2S.

Mozamb. Distr. Mouth of the Zambesi, Dr. Kirk '

Occurs eastward in Madagascar, Ceylon, the Malayan Archipelago, qnd Ni.rthtm Aus-
tralia. The tree affects muddy shores, throwing out from the base of »he trunk uumtiou*
vertically flattened radiating plates (Dr. Kirk).

6. KHAYA, A. Juss. ; Benth. et Tlook. f. Cicn. PI. i. 338.

Sepals 4, rotuudate, snuill, imbricate. Petals as many, contorted. Sta-
mens 8, monadelphous ; tube 8-lobed at the mouth, lobes rounded, entire ;
anthers included. Ovary 4-(3-)celled, surrounded by an annular disk, nar-
roAved into the style; stigma discoid. Ovules 10 14 in each cell, bisenate.
Capsule woodv, separating septicidally. Seeds numerous, conipressed or
winged, albuininous.— A Inrge tree. Leaves abruptly pinnatr. Panicles
from the upper axils.

A genus founded upon a Senegambian plant of which I ha>e not >c.n nnthent.c -ikc-
;ncn3. It appears to be well figured in GuillenuQ and Pcrrotlct, and u. .lu^M.•u . .Mrmo.r.

338 xxxvii. MELiACE^ (olivek). [Khaya.

and I have ventured to refer to the same species specimens in the Kew herbarium from the
White Nile and Zambesi region.

1. K. senegalensiSy A. Juss. Mem. Mel. 98. ^. 10. A large glabrous
tree. Leaves 4-10-foliolate, 6-12 in. long; leaflets coriaceous, subopposite
or alternate, elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate, shortly and obtusely apiculate,
rounded or sometimes cuneate at the base, entire or undulate-denticulate,
petiolulate, 2^-3^ in. long, 1-ly in. broad; petiolule \-\ in. Panicles
shorter than or nearly equalling the leaves, with ascending or spreading lateral
branches decreasing in length from below. Flowers cymose, usually in
threes, or peduncles trichotoraous. Pedicels shorter than the flower. Bracts
minute, ovate-deltoid. I have not seen fruit, but Dr. Kirk secured a draw-
ing of what I take to be one, in which the woody pericarp separates from
above in 4 valves, septicidally, from the 4-angled axis, as figured by Jussieu
from the Senegal plant. Seeds " flat, winged, in 2 rows." — Fl. Seneg.
t. xxxii. Swietenia seiiegalensis, Desr. Encycl. (ex A. Juss.).

Upper Guinea. Abundant near Cape Verde and on the Gambia {Guillemin and Per-
ruitet).

Nile Land. Madi, White Nile (form with sparse inflorescence, drying pale green),
Speke and Grant !

Mozamb. Distr. ? Manganya hills, Zambesi, Br. Meller !

Until fruiting and flowering specimens shall have been matched, doubt must attach to the
above stations in Eastern Africa. G. and P. describe the petals as almost valvate, surely
through mistake.

Oeder XXXVIII. CHAILLETIACEJE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. Sepals 5, connate below or
free, equal or unequal, imbricate. Petals as many, more or less exceeding the
calyx, free and equal or more rarely connate with the stamens at the base
(or in Tapura nearly throughout), usually more or less unguiculate, 2-fid or
2-partite. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals (or united in Tapura and
very shortly in some species of Ckailletla) ; anthers 2-celled, elliptical to
linear, the connective often dorsally thickened. Hypogynous glands oppo-
site to the petals, free or connate. Ovary free (partly or wholly inferior in
a few species of Chuilletiu), 3-2 -celled ; style simple (in African species),
3- or 2-fid at the apex. Ovules geminate. Drupes dry or rarely fleshy, the
epicarp sometimes opening, 3-1-celled, 3-1-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous,
radicle superior. — Small trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing. Leaves alter-
nate, simple, entire, stipulate. Flowers small, cymose, dichotomous or fas-
cicled, axillary ; peduncles rarely adnate to the petiole.

A small Order nearly exclusively confined to the tropics.

Petals distinct or very shortly united at the base, equal. Antheriferous

stamens 5 1. Chailletia.

Petals united with the stamens into a tube, rather unequal. Antheriferous

stamens 3 " . . 2. Tapuea.

XXXVin. CHAILLETIACE^ (OLlVEIj). 339

1. CHAILLETIA, DC; Benth. ct Hook. f. (im. I'l. i. :U 1 .

Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Calyx 5-parlite ; lolx-s iwarly
or quite equal, more or less imbricate. Petals 5, 'free, usually more or less
clawed. 2-fid or 2-partite, rarely very shortly united with the stnmena into
a tube at the base. Stamens 5 ; anthers elliptical to linear, the connective
frequently thickened behind. Hypoci^ynous glauds 5, distinct or connate,
opposite to the petals. Ovary free or in a few African species i)artially or
wholly immersed, 3-2-celled ; style simple (in tropical African sp«-cies| ; njx-x
shortly 3-2-fid. Fruit drupaceous, dry or rarely ^e!^hy, 1 -3-celled, 1 3-
seeded.— Small trees or shrubs, erect or scandent, ^hihrous or pubescent.
Leaves alternate, entire, petiolate or subsessile. Stipules subul.ite or seta-
ceous, deciduous. Flowers small, usually white, in axillary pedunculate or
nearly sessile cymes or glomerules.

A considerable tropical genus both of the Old and New "World. The tropical Africau
species appear to be distinct from any Asiatic or American species which I have stcn. Th«
species characterized by an ovary more or less immersed may perhaps prove entitled to gc
nenc distinction, but their fruits are unknown.-

A very distinct species occurs south of the tropics, within the limits of the Cape Flora.
Ovary superior.

Leaves glabrous or glabrescent beneath.

Branches shortly tomentose. Leaves coriaceous, oblauceolate-
oblong, obtuse or broadly acute. Cymes shortly peduncu-
late. Petals with long claw \. C.Jtexuosa.

Branches glabrous, puberulous or thinly strigillose.

Extremities slender, thinly strigillose. Leaves oval- or ob-
lanceolate-oblong, acuminate. Cymes under 1 in., pe-
dunculate. Petals scarcely clawed. (Fruit tleshy.) . . 2. C. ct/mulosa.
Puberulous. Leaves broadly- or obovate-cUiptical, acute or
obtuse; base entire. Cymes many-llowered, 1-3 in.,

dichotomous. Petals with long claw 3. C. floribunda.

Puberulous or glabrous. Leaves broadly elliptical, obtuse
or broadly acute, shining ; base subcordate. Cymes
under 1 in., 3-5-fid, subscorpioid. Petals with long

claw 4. C. snbcordata.

Glabrous or puberulous. Leaves oblong-oval or -elliptic,
obtusely acuminate ; base acute. Glomerules few-Howered,
ou short peduncles, often racemose on axillary tlowering

shoots. Petals shortly clawed ' . . . 5. (?. toricaria.

Glabrous. Leaves oblong-elliptic, acuminate, base acute ;
2^-5 in. Cymes 1-1^ iu., lax, branched. Petals with

long claw C C ublonga.

Glabrous. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute ; base rounded or
cnneate; 6-8 in. Cymes sessile. Claw about equalling

the sinus 1- C. Thomsom.

Leaves tomentose or pubescent beneath.

Base of the leaf distinctly cordate. Leaves obovate elliptical,
broadly acute or obtuse, pilose or pubescent beneath.

Cymes pedunculate. Calyx-lobes recurved 8. C imttxambtefittit.

(Compare C. ruftpilis, var.)
Base of the leaf slightly or not at all cordate.

Brandies rusty-hirsute, lA-aves obovate-elliplic Cyuus
subsessile. Caly-^-lobes erect. Pet"l3 slightly nar-
rowed -'• t'- rufiptlu.

340 XXXVI IT. CHAILLETIACE.E (oltver). [ChaUleUa.

Branches rusty-pilose. Cymes subsessile. Calyx-lobes

spreading. Petals with long claw 10. C. reflexa.

Shortly tomentose. Leaves with a close pale tomentum
beneath, glabrous above. Cymes subsessile. Claw of

petals short 11. C pallida.

Ovary more or less distinctly adherent t^ the calyx-tube. Glome-
rules sessile or subsessile. Flowers usually 3-bracteolate.
Branches hirsute or tomentose.

Leaves oblanceolate, 8-11 in."; base obtuse, unequal. Calyx-
lobes linear, acute. Ovary two-thirds inferior .... 12. C. macrcyphylla.
Leaves obovate- or oblauceolate-oblong, 4-5 in. ; base obtuse
or unequally cordate. Calyx-lobes elliptical. Ovary wholly

inferior 13. 6', hispida.

Leaves (glabrescent) oval-obloug, 3-6 iu. ; base narrow,

scarcely subcordate. Ovary one-third to half inferior . . 14. C. Heudelotii.
Branches puberulous.

liCaves (glabrous) obovate-elliptical, 4-6 in. ; base very nar-
rowly cordate. Ovary half inferior 15. C. subauriculata.

1. C. flexuosa, OUv. Extremities slightly flexuose, pale or cinnaraon-
tomentose at first. Leaves coriaceous, petiolate, distichous, oblanceolate-ob-
long, shortly and obtusely cuspidate or acute, usually more or less narrowed
to a cuneate base, glabrate, with ratlier rough reticulation above when dry,
at first thinly pubescent, at length nearly glabrous beneath, 3-4 in. long,
l-\\ in. broad ; petiole 2-3 lines. Stipules minute, rigid, subulate. Flowers
in axillary shortly and stoutly pedunculate cymes, -^ in. long or little more ;
pedicels white-tomentose, scarcely equalling the calyx. Calyx-lobes erect,
oblong-elliptical, obtuse. Petals narrow, with 2 -fid lamina and long claw.
Ovary free, narrowed into the style.

Upper Guinea. Abbeokuta, Irving !

2. C. cymulosa, OUv. A shrub of 6 ft. Leafy extremities slender, at
first sparsely strigillose-pubescent, soon glabrous. Leaves petiolate, thinly
coriaceous, brown-black when dry, oblanceolate-oblong, shortly acuminate,
base narrowly rounded or subcuneate, entire, thinly strigillose on the nerves
beneath on expansion, early glabrous, principal lateral veins few, looping ; 2-|~
4y in. long, 1-1^ in. broad ; petiole about 1 line. Stipules setaceous. Flowers
very small, in shortly pedunculate axillary cymes. Peduncle,, before branch-
ing, slender, straight, 2-3 lines ; bracts minute, setaceous or subulate ; pe-
dicels 1-2 lines or shorter. Petals free, obovate, 2-fid, slightly narrowed be-
low or shortly unguiculate, but little exceeding the oblong or oblong-lanceo-
late calyx-lobes. Ovary pilose, 3-celled. F'ruit fleshy, about the size and
form of a Plum, \-\\ in. long and nearly as broad, smooth, glabrous, 1-3-
celled, 1-3-seeded, the pulp adhering to the thin testa. Eadicle superior,
with converging grooves to its base on the plane face of the cotyledons.

Upper Guinea. Camaroous river, Mann !

3. C. iloribunda. Planch, in Hook. Ic. PI. 792. .A climber, attaining
20 ft. or sometimes arborescent ; extremities puberulous, tawny or ashen-
grey. Leaves firmly membranous, usually ample, broadly elliptical or obovate-
elliptical, with a short, obtuse or acute cusp or acumen, base broadly cuiieate

Chailletia.] xxxviii. chaill?.tiackt. (olivkkj. 341

or rounded, entire, glabrous or tlie midrib iibove and petiole strij/illose ; 5-l(»
in. long, 3-4i in. broad; petiole ^-l in. Stipules subulate, deciduou-i.
Plovvers fragrant, in ample, many-flowered, rather lax, dichotomou?, nxdiarv
cymes 2-3 in. long and broad or 2 or 3 conf iient ; pedicels artindatrd.
hoarv-pubescent, very short or equalling the flower or ralyx. Calyx-lolx-s
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, ascending. Petals free, narrowed below, 2-fid.
Ovary pilose or pubescent, narrowed into the slender style.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Fogel ! and others.

Var. &. A small tree. Leave? rather coriaceou?;, smnller than in the type, Ihinlj puhr*.
rent. Dichotonious cymes shorter. Young fruit snbdidymous in our specimen.

.Abbeokuta and I^agos, Bnyler! Cape Coast, Brass!

• Var. 7. Extremities with a short cinnaraon-tomentuin. Leaves thinly conaceou*, at
first sparsely hirsute. Calyx-lobes spreading or recurved. Probably a distinct species.

Prince's Island, Mann !

4. C. subcordata, Huok. f. Fl. Nlgril. 277. Shrub, with tiuely pu-
berulous extremities. Leaves snbcoriaceous, broadly elliptical, glabrous or
at first puberulons on the nerves beneath, shining above, broadly acute npi-
culate or obtuse, base subcordate or rounded, sometimes broadly, and entire ;
3j-6 in. long, 2^-4 in. broad ; petiole 1-3 lines. Stipules subulate. Flowers
somewhat scorpioid, in small axillary, very shortly peduncidate, 4-5-fid
cymes, scarcely 1 in. long ; bracts short, subulate. Petals free, much nar-
rowed below. Oviiry pubescent or pilose, narrowed into the slender style ;
stigmas 3.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vogel! Mann .'

J have not had sufficient material to enable me to frame a satisfactory de>cription.

\o

5. C. toxicaria, Bon; DO. Prod. ii. 57. A glabrous shrub or tl
young shoots and inflorescence mealy-puberulous at first. Leaves rather
coriaceous, petiolate, oval-oblong, shortly and obtusely cuspidate or acuminate,
base acute or cuneate, glabrous, 2j-6 in. long, 1^-2} in. broad, occasionally
rather larger ; petiole j-i in. Stipules minute, subulate, deciduous. Flowers
2 lines long or little more, in small glonu'rulcs, Mther subsessile and axillary
or adnate to the petiole or racemose from a straight conunon peduncle
sometimes 1-2| in. long, a small leaf fre(juently subtending the gloinerules
Pedicels equalling or shorter than the calyx, the ovate-elliptical lobes of whieh
are erect. Petals shortly 2-fid, free. Ovary villous ; styles minutely 3-fid.
Fruit 1-1| in. long, ellipsoidal, hard and woody, 1 -celled, l-seeded.—
a. erecfa, Don ; DC. Prod. ii. 58? C. afuiis. Planch. Fl. Nigrit. 270.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, T. Vogel ! and others ; Senegambiu !

Var. elliptica. Leaves proportionally broader, very shortly and obtusely ajjiculatc . ba»e
sometimes rounded.

Bagroo river, Mann !

1 have not seen authentic specimens of Don's plant, but there can be little doubt of the
identity of our specimens. The seeds are said to be p(.isouous. Wv have siMTJintn* in bu.l
of an allied species from the Niger {Barter), very similar to var. clliptica, but with a dilTr-
reut form of cymose inflorescence and the petals minutely or unequally 2 fid. Whether a
variety or distinct species is uncertain.

lilminnuspa,iicnlatus,'6v\mm. ctTiiunu. Gum. PI. 131 {Ceanothiis ." guineeHtu, DC. Prod.

342 xxxviii. CHAiLLETiACE^ (oliver). [ChaiHetiu.

ii. 30) is, as pointed out by Mr. Bentham m Fl. Nij;rit.,a Chailletia. The description does
not enable me to distinguish it from C. ioxicaria.

An allied plant, perhaps a new species, from Cape Coast {Brass), \% ia the herbarium of
the British Museum.

6. C. oblonga, llook.f. FLlSigrit. 277. Shrub. Extremities slender,
glabrous or at first minutely puberulous. Leaves petiolate, oblong- or slightly
obovate-elliptical, shortly rather obtusely acuminate, base acute or cuneate,
usually drying pale green, glabrous, 2^-5 in. long, 1-2^ in. broad ; petiole
1^-3 lines. Stipules subulate. Flowers 2-3 lines, in small, lax, branching,
axillary cymes of 1-1^ in. ; pedicels equalling the calyx more or less ; bracts
very minute. Calyx-lobes erect, oblong. Petals free, narrowed into a long
pilose claw ; lamina 2-partit^. Ovary tomentose-pubescent ; style long, fili-
form, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed at the apex. Fruit obovoid-oblong, to-
mentose, about 1^ in. long in our specimen.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vogel ! Barter ! Mann !

7. C. Thomsoni, Oliv. A small tree with glabrous or glabrescent
extremities. Leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptical, rather coriaceous, acute or
shortly acuminate, base rounded or broadly acuminate, 6-8 in. long, 2-3
in. broad; petiole \ in. Flowers 2-3 lines, in axillary, sessile or subsessile,
cymose, hoary-pubescent fascicles, scarcely twice exceeding the petiole ; pe-
dicels equalling or shorter than the flowers, with minute lanceolate-subulate
bracts. Calyx-lobes erect. Petals 2-partite. Ovary pilose, narrowed into
the slender style shortly 3 -fid at the apex.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, W. C. Thomson !

8. C. mossambicensis, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 108. t. 19.
Leafy branches pilose or hirsute with spreading hairs exceeding a short pu-
bescence. Leaves subsessile or very shortly petiolate, obovate-elliptical or
-oblong, rather broadly acute or obtuse, mucronate or shortly apiculate, dis-
tinctly cordate at the base, with scattered appressed hairs and soft or at
length scabrid above, paler pubescent or at first tomentose beneath, 3-6 in.
long, H-2f in. broad. Stipules setaceous or filiform. Flowers in axillary
pedunculate cymes, 1-2 in. long ; bracts setaceous ; pedicels slender, pilose,
articulated above, 1-3 lines long. Calyx-lobes obtuse, whitjsh-tomentose
externally, at length recurved. Petals free ; lamina obovate, 2-partite, nar-
rowed at the base. Ovary villous, 3-celled ; style short.

Mozamb. Distr. Mozambique, Peters ! Rovuma river, Dr. Kirk !

9. C. rufipilis, Turcz, in Bull. 3Iosc. xxxvi. (1863) 611. A climber,
attaining 15-20 ft. ; leafy branches rusty-hirsute. Leaves shortly petiolate
or subsessile, obovate-elliptical or oblong-elliptical, acute or apicidate, base
obtuse rounded or slightly cordate, entire, scabrid-pubescent thinly hispid
or glabrate above, midrib setose-hairy, paler or white and shortly hoary-
tomentose beneath, the nerves darker and coarsely hairy ; 2-4 in. long*, |— 2 in.
"broad; petioles 0-3 lines. Stipules subulate-setaceous." Flowers about 3
lines long in rather dense very shortly pedunculate cymes or flowers fewer and
nearly sessile; pedicels ^-1^ lines; bracts setaceous. Calyx-lobes erect,

Chailletla.] xxxviii. chailletia( liyE (olivkk). 343

white-edged wlien dry. Putids IVce or nearly so, sliirl,tly narrow.-d In-low or
sessile, shortly 2-fid. Ovary coveretl uitii a lonj; loose sofl fell.

Upper Guinea. Caniaroons river, Mow;/ /

Lower Guinea. Congo (var. with smaller leaves), S^nK/i '

The small-leaved plant, from the Coiitro, may he a variety of C. moxsitmbicrnxn, but thr
Caniaroons form a|)|)enrs siidiciently distinct in its more distinctly petiolatc Iravcs fccarcrly
or not at all snbcordate, erect calyx-lobes, etc.

10. C. reflexa, Klolzsch in Pelern Mossnmh. liul. 101). t. 20. Shrid.
Extremities covered with a short rusty or ciiinaiiion toineiituiii ; ultimate
ramiili spreadinjj: distichoiisly at ri<^lit aniiles. Ix-aves (imperfectly de\elof)cd
ill our specimen) clliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, appan-nlly
rounded or obtuse at the base, softly pilose-pubescent at first, at length pro-
bably glabrate above, H-2J in. long, f-1 in. broad; petiole very short,
much exceeded by the linear-subulate stipules. Flowers in axillary- very
shortly pedunculate or subsessile cymes ; bracts subulate. Calyx-lobes
spreading. Petals elongate-spathulate, 2-Hd, much narrowed to the base.
Ovary and lower part of slender style pilose or pubescent, 2-celled. Fruit
oblique, pubescent or tomentose, 1-celled, l-seeded.

Mozaxub. Distr, Near Mozambique, Peters; Kovnma river, Dr. Kirk !
The Rovuraa plant is determined from Dr. Klotzsch's figure and description.

11. C. pallida, Oljv. A small shrub ; young shoots shortly tomentose.
Leaves shortly petiolate, broadly oval or elliptical, acute, base slightly rounded
or narrowly obtuse, glabrous above, closely appressed white-tomentose be-
neath, 2^-3^ in. long, li-lf in. broad; petiole 1-1^ lines. Flowers in
very shortly pedunculate or subsessile, axillary, eymo?e fascicles about equal-
ling the tomentose pedicels. Lamina of the petals 2-partite. Ovary villous,
with a short style, minutely 3-fid at the apex.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter!

12. C. macrophylla, OUv. Shrub or small tree, annual shoots rather
densely rusty pilose-hirsute. Leaves membranous, elongate, oblanccolate- or
obovate- oblong, acuminate, narrowed to the base, which is very narrowly
obtuse or unequally subcordate, entire, early glabrous, 8-11 in. long, 2 -3 J
in. broad. Petiole 1-3 lines, at first hirsute. Flowers in sessile, hirsute,
axillary glomerules, each with 3 lanceolate acute bracteoles. C'nlyx-lobes
linear, acute. Petals sublinear, very narrow, recurved and 2-fid above, very
shortly connate with the stamens below. Anthers linear. Ovary nearly
inferior, apex hairy ; style glabrous, 3-fid at the apex.

Upper Guinea. Kongui river, Matm !

13. C. hispida, OUv. A climber attaining 30 ft. Leafy branehes
roughly hispid with patent hairs. Leaves subsessile or petiole 1 line, ob-
lanccolate- or obovate-oblong, acuminate, rounded more or less to the bas*-.
which is obtuse and verv narrowly and unequally subcordate, glabrous ex-
cepting the strigillose midrib beneath. Flowers in sessile axillary glomemlfs.
3-bracteolate. Calyx 5-partite ; segments oblong or elliptical. Pelals

344 xxxviii. CHAiLLETiACE.i: (OLIVER). [Chaillelin.

shortly 2-fi(l, obovate or elliptical, shortly clawed, very shortly united with
the stamens in a tube at the base. Glands minute, rather fleshy, 2-lobulate.
Ovary -inferior.

Upper Guinea. Kongui river, Mann !

14. C. Heudelotii^ Planch, in Herb. Kew. Extremities pubescent or
hirsute-tomentose. Leaves rather coriaceous, oval-oblonj?, acute or acuminate,
slightly curved to the base, which, at the insertion of the petiole, is slightly
oblique and tending to subcordate, glabrescent above and below or midrib at
tirst strigillose, 3-6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad. Petiole 1-2 lines. Flowers in
sessile axillary glomerules ; pedicels 0 or very short, 3-bracteolate at the
base. Calyx-lobes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. Petals narrowed below, 2-fid
Ovary partially immersed. Style glabrous ; apex very shortly 3-fid.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ! Bagroo river, Mann !

15. C. subauricTilata, Oliv. A shrub of 6-8 ft. Extremities
slender, puberulous at first, early glabrescent. Leaves firmly membranous,
shortly pctiolate, obovate-elliptical, acuminate or cuspidate, base very nar-
rowly cordate with the short lateral lobes sometimes partially overlapping the
petiole, glabrons, 4-6 in. long, 2-3 in. broad ; petiole 1-3 lines. Flowers
in subsessile axillary glomerules often scarcely exceeding the petiole. Pe-
dicels very short or 0, usually 3-bracteolate. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong,
obtuse. Petals much narrowed below ; lamina deeply 2-tid. Ovary half-
inferior, nan'owed above into a slender glabrous style, 3-fid at the apex.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Mann !

2. TAPURA, Aublet ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 341.

Calyx 5-partite, 2 outer lobes smaller. Petals 5, cohering with the sta- .
mens into an unequally 5-lobed tube, 2 of the lobes 2-fid, 3 entire. Sta-
mens alternating with the lobes of the corolla, 3 two-celled perfect, 2 effete.
Ovary sessile, 3-2-celled. Style filiform, with a shortly 3-2-fid apex. Fruit
unknown. — Shrubs or small, trees. Leaves entire. Stipules minute, deci-
duous. Flowers in small, axillary, shortly pedunculate glomeruli, the pe-
duncle adnate to the subtending petiole.

A small genus, with the following exception copfined to tropical America.

1. T, africana, Oliv. A tree of 20 ft. Slender extremities sparsely
puberulous at first, soon glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblanceolate-
or obovate- to oblong-elliptical, more or less, often rather abruptly, acuminate,
narrowed to a cuneate base, entire, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at first on
the nerves beneath, principal lateral nerves few (2-4) on each side of the
midrib, '5-6 in. long, lf-2| in. broad ; petiole i-\ in. Peduncle rather
shorter than or equalling the petiole and wholly adnate to it. Flowers small,
sessile or shortly pedicellate, in a rather dense small glotnerule.

Upper Guinea. Feruando Po, Mann !

3i;

Order XXXIX. OLACINEjE (l)y IVuf. DHvit).

Flowers regnlar, liermaphrodite or unis('xii;il. ("iilyx sinjill, ^-o-toothf-d
-fid or -partite, occasionally nearly entire or obsolete, unehari^ed or accre«i-
cent in fruit. Petals 4-5, free or connate more or less, usually valvate iti
sestivation. Stamens 4-10, rarely 12-40, free or united below more or Ifss
to the petals, rarely monadelphous ; anthers 2-rt'lled. Oisk cupuliform
entire or lobed, rarely unilateral, or 0. Ovary free or the lower part im-
mersed, 1 -celled or 3-5-celled, the dissepiments frequently incomplete abov.-
(solid in Ptychopeinlum). Style simple. Ovules solita'ry in each division
of the ovary (rarely several in each cell) or geminate in' 1 -celled ovaries,
jiendulous. Fruit 1 -celled, l-seeded, dry or drupaceous, indehiscent. Seed
usually with a^ copious fleshy albumen, rarely exalbuminous ; embrj'o minuti-,
apical, or shorter than or nearly equallino; the albumen, with foliaceous cotyle-
dons.— Trees or shrubs, erect or scandent. Leaves alternate, entire or nearlv
so, usually penniveined ; exstipulate. Inflorescence various. Flowers small,

Sect. 1. Olacese. — Stamens more numerous than the petals (except in Strombnttn ).
Ovary Z-o-celled, at least below (solid in Fti/chopetalum ). Ovules solitary in each divi-
sion of the ovary (except in Rhaptopetalum ).

Calyx accrescent. Stamens twice as many as petals 1. HtiSTKRU.

Calyx unchanged. Stamens twice as many as petals 2. Ximknia.

Calyx obsolete. Stamens 5-8. Ovary solid 3. PrvcMOPF.TALrii.

Calyx unchanged or accrescent. Stamens 8-9 (3-5 ananfherous) . 4. Oi.ax.

Calyx accrescent. Stamens as many as petals and opposite ... 5. Stkombosia.

Stamens four times the petals. Ovules solitary 6. Coui.a.

Stamens 30-40, monadelphous. Ovules about 6 in each cell . . 7. Rhaptopktam m.

Sect. 2. Opiliese. — Stamens as many as petals and opposite. Ovary X-celled, I-
ovuled. Calyx minute, unchanyed. (Racemes at first strobiliform.)

8. Opilia.

Sect. 3. Zcacinese. — Stamens as many as petals and alternate. Ovarii \-celled (in
African genera).

Anthers tufted. (Flowers capitate in umbellate peduncles) ... 9. Lasia.nthera.

Anthers glabrous. (Flowers in elongate spikes) 10. DKSMosTArHis.

Petals united nearly throughout. Filaments adimte 11. Lkitaims.

Petals glabrous or nearly so, free 12. Apodytes.

Petals glabrous, connate \-\ from base Stamens free . . . .13. .\i,soDKiopsig.

Petals bearded. Embryo with foliaceous cotyledons 14. Icaclna.

Sect. 4. Phytocreneae. — Scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite. Plotcer* duecivus.
Perianth simple (in African speciesj ". .15. Iodks.

1. HEISTERIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. (mu. 1M. i. :ur>.

Flowerino:-calyx small, 5-6-tootlied or -lobed, in fiuit much eidargfd.
Petals 5-6, valvate in aestivation, more or less hairy within. Stamr is tv\i{e
as, many as petals, free or adnate to the petals below ; anthers small rctun-
date or didymous. Ovary fleshy, 3-celled nearly or quite to the apex ; ovules
solitary, pendulous. Fruit a globose or oblong drupe. Seed albuminous,

34-6 XXXIX. OLAClNE.E (oliver). [Heislerla.

with a minute embrvo, — Glabrous shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire,
coriaceous. Flowers small, sessile or [)edicellate in the axils.

A tropical American genus with the following exception. The generic description is from
the ' Genera Plantarum ;' our African specimens being insufficient for independent exami-
nation

1. H. parvifolia. Smith; DC. Prod. i. 533. rerfectly glabrous.
Leaves oblong-elliplical, acuminate, acumen usually rather obtuse, slightly
rounded or cuneate at base, 3^-5 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad; petiole \-\ in.
Flowers (not examined) shortly pedicellate, in axillary fascicles. Fruit-calyx
5-partite, about 1-1^ in. in diam. ; lobes ovate, spreading or ascending,
rather acute, after the fall of the fruit with the sinuses reflexed. — Acrolobus
Schoenleinii and A. parvifolius, Klotzscli in Schoenl. Nachl. 236-7. t. 3.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Whitfield! (? Fernando Po and Grand
Bassa, T. Vogel ') Coast of Guinea, Young !

Mann collected on the Kongui river an Olachiea which may probably belong to the same
species. The leaves are from 5-7 in. long by l^-S-in. broad. Flowers in axillary fascicles
shorter than the petiole, the pedicels equalling or exceeding the flower. Calyx shortly cu-
puliform, 5-toothed. Petals coherent in their lower half. Stamens 10 ; filaments opposite
to the petals, which are shortly pilose above within, shorter than the alternating ones, ad-
nate below. Anthers small, roturidate. Ovary depressed above with a short thick style,
3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell.

2. XIMENIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 346.

Calyx small, 4-5-toothed or -lobed, unchanged in fruit. Petals 4-5, val-
vate in aestivation, narrow-oblong, bearded within. Stamens 8-10 ; fila-
ments filiform, free ; anthers linear, erect, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary
more or less completely 3-4-celled ; style continuous ; stigma obtuse ; ovules
3 or 4, narrow-linear, pendulous, one in each division. Fruit a drupe. Seed
albuminous with a minute apical embryo. — Shrubs or trees, glabrous or to-
mentose, often armed with short axillary spines. Leaves alternate, entire.
Flowers in axillary fascicles or cymose racemes, rarely solitary.

A small genus with one species apparently peculiar to the Cape, and a second, widely
diflfused through tropical countries, occurring in numerous locahties in intertropical Africa.

1. X. americana, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 533. A glabrous shrub or
tree, with or without short, acute, axillary spines. Leaves coriaceous, oval-
oblong or occasionally elliptical, obtuse, often slightly emarginate, base
usually cuneate; 1^-3 in. long, f-l^ in. broad ; petiole 2-3 lines. Flowers
whitish, \-\ in. long, in few-flowered, shortly pedunculate, racemose or um-
bellate cymes, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels ebracteate, shorter than
or equalling the flowers. Calyx with 4 short deltoid lobes. Petals densely
bearded within. Ovary 4-3-celled nearly to the apex of the cavity. Fruit
ellipsoidal, 1-1 ^^ in. long (edible, scarlet, Dr. Kirk). — X. laurina, Delile in
Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xx. 88; Ferret and Galinier, Voy. iii. 100. {Vide
Beutham, Fl. Austral, i. 391.)

Vpper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Hutton ! Senegambia, Heudeloi ! Niger, Barter !

Ximenia.] xxxix. olacine/E (olivek). 317

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Sc/timper ! and others; White Nile, Sp^i^ and Grant >
Seniiiir, Cienkows/ci.

Ijower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Weluitsrh !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk!

Var. /3. minnphylla (Welwitsch). A glaucous virgale shrub of 2-4 ft. Lravfii \-\ in.
Calyx-lobes shortly and broadly ovale. Style short. Hunibo, Angola, /J/. Hf/iciUch! A
letnarkable variety.

3. PTYCHOPETALUM, Bciitli. ; I'mmHi. d Hook. 1. (ini. I'l. i. 316.

Calyx obsolete. Petals 5 (4-6), narrow, valvate in festival ion, more «.r
less pilose or bearded within about the middle. Stamens 7 or 5 8, oppositf
to the petals, when more numerous than the petals 2-6 are inserted in pairs ;
filaments aduate more or less to tlie petals, usually longer in the supernu-
merary stamens; anthers small, elliptical. Ovary free, glabrous, solid or
with slight trace of a cavity near the apex, gradually or abruptly narrowed
into the style (ovule solitary, adnate to the wall of the ovary? or, accordiui;
to Mr. Bentham, ovules 2 (or 3?), very small, pendulous). Fruit a small
crustaceous drupe, 1-seeded. Seed albuminous with a minute embryo withm
the apex. — Shrid)s or small trees, glabrous. Leaves alternate, acuminate,
entire. Flowers in few-flowered, axillary racemes.

* A small and imp'^rfectly understood genus, including, besides the following, one Cayenue
species. The above description is based upon the African specimens.

So far as our material enables me to judge, Ptychopetalum may be regarded as a Lnran-
thacea with the ovary free from the calyculus or rather not immersed in the axis. M.
Baillou remarks the analogy between this genus and Loranlhus in respect to the internal
structure of the ovary.

Extremities terete or nearly so. Leaves elliptical to ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate; petiole 1-2 lines 1. P. prtio/aUm.

Extremities 2-edged. Leaves sessile or subsessile, oval-oblong, acumi-
nate 2. P. ancrpt.

1. P. petiolatum, Oliv. A shrub of 12-15 ft.; leafy extremities
terete or nearly so. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical elliptic-oblong or ovate-
lanceolate, gradually acuminate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, at length
narrowing into the petiole ; principal lateral veins 3-5, broadly looping con-
siderably within the margin, often inconspicuous ; 3-4 in. long, li--lj in.
broad ; petiole 1-2 lines. Flowers in very short axillary racemes ; pedicels
rather shorter than the buds. Petals 4-5, shortly bearded within about the
middle, recurved near the top. Stamens 5, opposite to the petals or 7, 2 6
being adnate in pairs. Ovary glabrous, rather abruptly narrowed at the base
of the style. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Muni and Kongui rivers, Mann !

Apparently very near to the S. American P. olacoides, Beoth., vshich iliifrrs in .i more
distinct calyculus and in the nervation of the leaves.

2. P. anceps, Oliv. A small tiee. Leafy extremities compressed or
distinctly 2-edged when dry. Leaves sessile or subsessile, coriaceous, oval-
oblong, acuminate, base slightly cordate or entire, more or less roun<led,
3^-4^ in. long, 1-1^ in. broad. Flowers in v»ry short axillary racemes;

34^ XXXIX. OLACINE.E (olIVEk). [Ptychopetalum .

jDedicels shorter than the flowers, subtended by a lanceolate cyuibiform cadu-
cous bract. Calyx obsolete. Petals 5, very narrow-linear, more or less
barbate wqthin. Stamens 8 (or thereabout), opposite and adiiate to tlie
})etals, 6 in pairs, 1 of each pair being longer and free above. Ovary oval-
oblong, slightly sulcate, gradually narrowed into the style. Fruit ellipsoidal
or globose-obovoid, \-\ in. long ; pericarp coriaceous. — AUieslandi'a anceps,
Miers, mss. and Anisandra uigrescens, Planch, mss. in Herb. Kew.

Upper Guinea. Var. o. Leave? sessile, slightly cordate at the base. Grand Bassa, T.
Vogel ! Var. ^8. Leaves sessile or subsessiie, more or less rounded or subcuneate at base.
Bagroo river, Mann !

It is quite probable the two forms distinguished above as varieties may be specifically dis-
tinct, but our material is too slight to settle the question. TTnfortunately there is but :i
single attached fruit and one already opened (belonging to var. jS, the flowers of which
alone I have dissected), that I cannot satisfy myself as to the position of the embryo.

4. OLAX, Linn.; Benth. ei Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 347.

Calyx cupuliform, entire or nearly so, accrescent and enclosing the U-Qe
fruit or unchanged. Petals 5 or 6, valvate in aestivation, free or slightly co-
herent or connected by alternating filaments. Stamens usually 8 (or 9),
(in tropical African species) of which either 5 are anantherous and opposite
to the petals, and 3 antheriferous alternate with them, or 5 antheriferous oj)-
posite to the petals, and 3 anantherous and alternate. Pilanients more or
less adnate to the petals. Ovary free, more or less distinctly 3-celled at the
base, sometimes distinctly 1-celled above, narrowed into the style ; stigma
obtuse or capitate, sometimes 3-lobed ; ovules 1 in each division of the
ovary. Fruit drupaceous, 1-seeded, or pericarp coriaceous, naked or enclosed
within the accrescent calyculus. Seed albuminous with a minute, apical,
oblong embryo (in the only tropical African species examined with ripe fruit).
—^Glabrous shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, entire or nearly so,
often with decurrent lines from the petiole. Flowers small, in short racemes,
or the com.mon peduncle nearly obsolete, rarely solitary.

A considerable genus of the tropics of the Old World with a few Australian outliers.
'J'he African species appear to be endemic, unless one prove identical with a Madagascar
species.

Antheriferous stamens 3, alternate with the petals; staminodia 5,
opposite.

Leaves 3-6 in., oblor.g-elliptical acute or acuminate. Flowers in
very short racemes (common peduncle -x~(i~\ in) ; pedicels
i-1 line, much exceeding the bracts \. 0. Maruiii.

Leaves 3-4 in., elliptical, rather obtuse. Flowers in distichous

racemes of k in. ; bracts equalling very short j)edicels . . . 2.0. viriJis.

Leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate . 2>. 0. (jainbecola.

Leaves 6-7 in., oblong-elliptical, prominently. 3-nerved to beyond

the middle. Racemes short 4. 0. trip/inervia.

Antheriferous stamens 5-6, opposite to the petals , staminodia 3,
alternate.

Leaves ovaloblong, acute, 2^-3 a in. Flowers in 1 -sided or dis-
tichous racemes of \-\ in. Pedicels 1 line or less .... 5. 0. snbscorpioidea.

Leaves lanceolate, 1-H in. Flowers solitary, axillary (or in short

racemes). Pedicels \ m 6. 0. dissitijlora.

Olajr.] xxxix. OLACiNE.f: (oi.ivkk)- 349

1. O. Manniiy Olh. A glabrous sluuh of 0 8 ft. Lfafv hnmclir^
subterete with short, more or less promiiient, (lt;current lines froiii the lenf-
bases. Leaves firmly membranous or tiiiuly coriacrous, very sliorlly petio-
late or subsessile, oblong-elliptical or -liinceolate, acute or acuminate, rounded
or cuneate at the base, tntire or rcpaud-dcnticulate towards the apex ; prin-
cipal lateral veius subdistant, broadly loopiufj; some little distance within the
margin, not very prominent ; 3-6 in. long, 1 2f in. broad ; petiole 12 lines
or less. Flowers in very short axillary racemes or fasciculate. Common
peduncle y^^ »"• Pedicels ^-1 line ; bracts ovate or rotundate, miu-h
shorter than the pedicels. Calyx shortly cupuliform, subentire. Stamt-nn
usually 8, 5 anantherous, opposite to the petals, 3 antheriferous, alternatimr
with the petals, all more or less adiuitc. Ovary 3-celle(l below. Fruit
wholly enclosed within the rather loose, coriaceous, accrescent calvx, \ J in.
in diani., globose or depressed globose. Pericarp coriaceous.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Catnaroons river, ami Sierra d. Crystal, .)funu !

2. O. viridis, Oliv. A small shrub. Extremities snlcate or angular
with faint decuirent lines; punctate with minute whitish dots. Leaves sub-
membranous, elliptical, more or less narrowed or acuminate to the obtuse or
scarcely acute apex, narrowed at the base into the petiole and subsessile,
obscurely repand-denticulate towards the extremity or entire, 3-4 in. long,
i^-l^ in. broad. Flowers waxy, white or chocolate-coloured, 1-1^ lines
long, in axillaiy distichous racemes of ^ in. w less ; bracts ovate or lanceo-
late, about equal to or exceeding the very short pedicels. Calyx shortly cu-
pulilorm. Stamens 8, 5 usually anantherous, opposite to the petals, 3 an-
theriferous, alternate. Ovary 3-celled below ; stigma subcapitate. Fruit
globose, about the size of a pea, naked, the small unchanged calyx persisting
at the base.

Upper Guinea. Eppah, Niger, Burter !
Ijower Guinea. Goliingo Alto, Angola, Dr. ^VelwUsrh !
The Niger specimens are not in fruit.

I think this plant must be nearly allied to 0. (jamlecoJa., wliieli, however, is described as
" tloribus magnis " and " fructu subnudo," etc.

3. O. gaxnbecola, Buillon in Adnna. iii. 12L Shrubby. Leaves mem-
branous, sessile, broadly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, veiny. Flowers
large, racemose; racemes axillary, lax. Base of the ovary iinuiersed, 3-
celled. Fruit small, nearly naked, globose, glabrous.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudeht.

Description taken from M. Baillon's memoir. I have not seen a speeimen.

4. O. triplinervia, Ollv. A glabrous shrub of 6 ft. Kxiiviuities
subterete with decurient lines from the leaves. Leaves rather coriaceous,
oblong-elliptical, narrowed to each end, more or less acuminate, basal pair of
hiterai nerves rather prominently continued, about .| in. within the m.irgin,
more than half the length of the'lenf ; IJ 7 in. long; 2 2,^ in. broad ; petiole
very short or obsolete, the lamina being narrowed nearly to the base. Flowers
in short, axillary, apparently distichous rai-emes ; pedicels very short, exceed-
ing the ovate bracts. Calyx, shortly cupuliform. Petals G (or 5). Staiueu*

350 XXXIX. OLACiNE,€ (oliver). lOlax.

9 (or 8), those opposite to the petals autheriferons, witli complanate fila-
ments, the odd ones anantherous. Ovary 3-celled at the base. Young
fruit wholly enclosed within the accrescent cahx.

XJpper Guinea. Mount John, Kongui river, Maiin !

5. O. subscorpioidea, OZ/??. A shrub. Decurrent lines more or less
marked in the leafy branches. Leaves rather coriaceous, oval-oblong or
from lanceolate to oval, acute, base slightly rounded or cuneate, 2|— 3^ in.
long, i-l|- in. broad ; petiole 1 line or less. Racemes ^-f in. long, tapering.
Axillary flowers " white," distichous, usually turned to the upper side ; pe-
dicels much shorter than the flowers, about equalling the ctulucous bracts.
Calyx cupuliform, entire. Stamens 8, 5 antheriferous, opposite to the petals,
3 anantherous, alternate. Ovary 3-celled below. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Onitscha, Niger, Barter I

6. O. dissitiflora, Oliv. A small glabrous shrub. Leafy extremities
terete with obsolete decurrent ridges. Leaves rather coiiaceous, lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, acute or rather obtuse, base cuneate or slightly rounded,
1-1^ in. long, |-f in. broad ; petiole 1-2 lines. Flowers " white," in short
axillary racemes or, usually, the racemes lengthening out into leafy ramuli,
solitary in the axils of the low^er leaves or obsolete bract-scales of the shoot ;
pedicels ^ in. more or less. Calyx cupuliform, entire. Stamens 8, 5 oppo-
site to the petals, anantherous, 3 alternate, antheriferous. Ovary distinctly
3-celled below, 1-celled above, narrow^ed into the style ; stigma capitate-3-
lobulate. Young fruit enclosed in the accrescent calyx, obovoid or ellipsoidal.

Mozamb. Distr. Tette, Zambesi ; and Lake Nyassa, Br. Kirk !

Nearly allied to. if not identical with, a Madagascar plant (Bouton in Herb. Kew).

5. STROMBOSIA, Blume; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 348.

Calyx-limb small, o-lobed ; lobes broadly ovate or deltoid-rotundate, in
fruit enlarged, adnate. Petals 5, perigynous, valvate. Stamens as many as,
and opposite and adnate to, the petals ; filaments shortly free above. Ovary
broad, inserted upon a disk or the base more or less immersed, 3-5-celled
nearly to the apex ; style short ; stigma obtuse, slightly thickened, obscurely
lobulate ; ovules pendulous, 1 in each compartment. Fruit (not seen in the
African plant) drupaceous, oblong. " Seed pendulous with a minute em-
bryo within the apex of a fleshy albumen."— Glabrous trees. Leaves alter-
nate, coriaceous. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or fascicles, pedunculate
or sessile.

A small Indian genus to which there is little doubt that the following species belongs,
although the fruit and fruit-calyx are yet wanting.

L S. ? grandifolia. Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 258. A tree of 15-20 ft. ;
leafy branches terete. Leaves ample, coriaceous, petiolate, broadly oblong-
elliptical, shortly acuminate or cuspidate, rounded or broadly cuneate at base;
veinlets connecting the principal lateral veins obscure, nearly parallel, fork-
ing; 5-8 in. long, 2-4 in. broad; petiole \ in. Flowers very small, very

Strombosia.] xxxix. olacine/K (oliver). 351

shortly pedicellate from axillary sessile rusliioiis. Calyx-liml) shortly 5.1obe(l :
lobes ovate-deltoid. Petals elliptical, broadly pointed, pilose wiliiin above.
Ovary broad, surrounded by an inconspicuous disk ; base partially ininMrf«ed,
3-celled nearly to the top ; style subulate.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vug el ! Mann !

Specimens of wliat may be a second species of Stromhotia are in the Kew herb*rium
from the Sierra del Crystal {Mann /), but scarcely suflicient for dcMription.

6. COULA, Baillon in Adansonia, iii. 64.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx reduced to a very short nearly entin- rinp.
Petals 5 (i-arely 4), free, thick, valvate. Stamens hypo;;ynou8, free, four
times as many as petals, unequal ; filaments erect, subulate. Ovary free,
3-4-celled below, 1 -celled above, narrowed into a subulate style ; ovules
solitary in each division of the ovary. Fruit drupaceous, l-celk*d, l-seeded.
Seed pendulous ; albumen fleshy ; embryo minute. — A tree. Leaves alter-
nate, pctiolate, coriaceous. Flowers in axillary or supra-axillttry, branched
racemes, about equal to the petioles.

Based upon the following species, of which I have not seen a speciraeu. The descHptioQ
is taken from M. Baillon's account of it.

1. C. edulis, Baill. I. c. t. 3. Leaves ovate, abruptly acuminnte, rounded
or cuneate at the base, 3-4 in. long, 2 in. broad ; petiole about \ in. long.
Racemes rusty-puberulous ; pedicels slightly thickened above. Fruit sub-
globose, 1-ly in. in diam.

Cpper Guinea. Gaboon, Aubry LeComte !

7. RHAPTOPETALUM, Oliv. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 995.

Calyx cupuliform, entire or lobulate, unchanged in fruit. Petals 3, peri-
gynous, coriaceous, glabrous, valvate in aestivation. Stamens indefinite (30-
40) ; filaments short, united' below in a tube adnate to the base of the petals ;
anthers erect,. narrow-linear, dehiscing by a short longitudinal slit near the
apex. Ovary slightly immersed or " half-inferior," 4-celled ; style filiform ;
stigma minute; ovules about 6 in each cell of tlie ovary, pendulous. Fruit
oblong or ellipsoidal, coriaceous, 1-celled, l-seeded. — A glabrous tree.
Leaves coriaceous, alternate, entire. Flowers in axillary, few-tlowered, very
short racemes or subumbellate fascicles.

A monotypic genus, apparently confined to W. equatorial .Xfrica. Notwithslniuling th*
number of ovules in each cell of the ovary, which imlicates an aHinity with S/ynirarr,/' ns
jjointed out to me by M. Baillon, 1 leave this plant in (J/ariueiP,ns in most ofhrr rrs{>«ct«,
but especially in habit, it accords so well with the latter family. It forms, huwrver, an iu-
teresting connecting link between the two groups.

1. R. coriaceuxn, Oliv. inJonrn. I.'nnt. Sor. viii. 159. /. 12. A gla-
brous tree, attaining 30 ft. Branches terete, willi slightly prominent rais^ed
lines, decurrent Irom the petioles. Leaves coriaceous, elliptiwil, sliorily and
obtusely produced at the apex, base rounded or cuneate, entire, midrib and
sometimes the lateral veins rather prominent beneath i 3 5 in. long, U-3}

.352 xxxrx. olacine.t: (oliver). [TUiajdopttalum,

in. broad; petiole 1-2 lines, riowers in very short 3 T-tlowered axillary
racemes ; common peduncle scarcely exceeding- 1-3 lines or obsolete and
flowers fascicled or sul)solitary ; pedicels 1^-2 lines. Petals very coriaceous,
3-4 lines long. Fruit ellipsoidal, f in. long or a little more. Calyx persis-
tent unchanged.

Upper Guinea. Fernando, Po, Mann ! Old Calabar, Thomson !

8. OPILIA, Roxb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 350.

Calyx minute, 4-5-toothed, unchanged in fruit. Petals 4-5, hypogynons,
valvate in aestivation. Stamens as many as petals and opposite to them, free
or very shortly adnate to the base of the petals ; filaments filiform. Ovary
terete, 1 -celled, with a short thick style and obtuse stigma, surrounded by a
5-4-partite, free, fleshy disk ; ovule solitary, pendulous. Fruit drupaceous,
with a thin crustaceous pericarp. Seed albuminous ; embryo linear, terete,
nearly as long as the albumen (or " short in the apex of the albumen " in
extra-African species). — Shrubs, often scrambling or subscandent, glabrous or
shortly pubescent-tomentose. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire. Racemes
axillary, at first strobiliform, with deciduous peltate bracts. Flowers minute,
pedicellate.

A small genus of the Old World tropics. \ find no snfficient ground to niaintaiu the
African species as distinct from the widely -spread 0. amentacea, Koxb.

1. O. amentacea, Roxb. PL Coromand.W. 31. t. 158. A loosely climb-
ing shrub or small tree, glabrous or the extremities shortly pubescent-tomen-
tose. Leaves coriaceous, oval -oblong lanceolate or elliptical, acute shortly
acuminate or in some forms obtuse or rarely emarginate, cuneate or more or
less rounded at the base, entire, venation obscure or lateral veins sometimes
rather prominent beneath, 1-4 ^ in. long, f-l^ ^"- broad ; petiole 1-3 lines.
Racemes at first strobiliform, obtuse, solitary or 2-5 together fioin the axils
of the leaves, at length growing out to 1-1 j in., ascending or spreading, to-
mentose puberulous or nearly glabrous. Flowers greenish, fragrant. Bracts
transversely oblong-rotundate, peltate, caducous. Pedicels 1 line more or
less. Petals recurved or revolute above on expansion. Lobes of the disk
fleshy. Fruit ellipsoidal, ^-f iu. long or subglobose in some extra-African
forms. Embryo nearly as long as the albumen, linear-terete. — Groulia celti-
difoUa, Guill. 'et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 101. t. 22. Opilia celtidifolia, Endl. in
Walp. Rep. i. 377. Opilia javmiica, Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 78+.

Upper Guinea. Senegarabia! ^\^tv. Barter !

Nile Iiand. Madi, White Nile, Syeke and Grant ! Sennar, Kotschy !

Ijower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr, Wehvitsch !

Var. /3. torfientella. Leaves smaller, usually obtuse ; extremities shortly tomentose. .

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Br. Kirk !

Also in India, the Archipelago, and N. Australia.

Dr. Kirk sends, from Zanzibar, what may prove a distinct species of Opilia. The reticu-
lation of the leaves is very obscure, and the flowers, in the single iutlorescence sent, are
collected in a somewhat umbellate raceme.

XXXIX. 01,ACINE/K (oi.IVKU). 353

9. LASIANTHERA, ?. do Beauvois ; Biiitli. a Hook. f. (nii.
PI. i. 350.

Flowers hermaplirodite (or polygamous). Calyx shortly and l)roa(lly 5-
lobed. Petals 5, hypogytious, valvate in icstivatioii (united below in the
following species). Disk fleshy, unilateral (or inconspicuous). Stamens 5,
alternate with the petals, free or adiiate at the base to tin- petals ; anthers
tufted behind with a pencil of soft hairs. Ovary free, 1 -celled, narrowed
above; stigma miiuite. Ovules geminate, penduloiis. Fruit coriaceous, ob-
h)ng. cou)pressed (perhaps only seen abortive in the following spccirs).
" Seed pendulous, with a small embryo within the apex of a Meshy albumen."
— Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers small, capi-
tate ; peduncles umbellate, leaf-opposed.

A small genus, confined to the tropies of the Old 'World. The African species h vn-
dcniic.

1. L. africana, P. Je Beauv. ; DC. Prod. \. 030. A glabrous shrub
of 10-12 ft. ; extremities terete. Leaves submembranous, obovate- or oblan-
ceolate-oblong, finely and often rather abruptly acuminate, narrowed to the
petiole and more or less cuneate at the base, entire or obsoletely denticulate,
3-4 in. long, 1 to nearly 2 in. broad ; petiole 2-3 lines. Peduncles extra-
axillary or leaf-opposed, ^-1 in., dividing into 3-5 umbellate branches.
Flowers ly-2 lines, in close heads \-\ in. across. Calyx cu()idiform, broadly
5-lobed. Hypogynous disk or gland unilateral, fleshy. The only fruits which
I have seen are oval-oblong, compressed, incurved, nearly ^ in. long, but
perhaps imperfect. — Fl. Owar. t. 5L

Upper Guinea. Near Chama, Gold Coast, P. de Beauvois ; Fernando Po and Gaboon
river, Matni !

10. DESMOSTACHYS, Planch.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 350.

Calyx small, deeply 4-lobed (or cupuliform, S-toothed). Petals 4(-5),
thin, oval or oblong, valvate in aestivation. Stamens as many as petals, alter-
nate ; filaments filiform or slightly compressed ; anthers rotundate or sub-
didymous (or oblong), minute, glabrous. Disk inconspicuous or 5-lobed.
Ovary obovate, rather suddenly narrowed into the slender filiform style ;
stigma small, subcapitate. Ovules geminate, ])endulous. Fruit not seen. —
Small trees or shrubs, sometimes scaudent, glabrous or sparsely pubescent.
Leaves membranous or coriaceous, alternate, entire. Flowers small, sessile,
in elongate, slender, solitary or fasciculate axillary spikes.

A small genus, confided to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
I-eaves submembranous, 5-7 in. Spikes 3-15 in. Anthers mi-
nute, rotundate. Ovary glabrous 1- D tfnuifoltu4.

Leaves veiny, coriaceous, 2-4 in. Spikes shorter than leaves. An-
thers oblong. Ovary pilose -■ ^ Flamchonfnus.

1. D. tenuifolius, OUv. A shrub or small tree, varying from 10 30
ft. ; extremities glabrous or nearly so. Leaves submembranous, petiolate. ob-
VOL. I. II

354 XXXIX. OLACiNE.f: (oliver). [Desmodachys.

long-elliptical or obovate-oblong, rather abruptly and acutely cuspidate or
shortly acuminate, cuneate or rounded at the base, entire, distantly penni-
veined, 5-7 in. long, lf-3 in. broad ; petiole \-\ in. Spikes slender, soli-
tary or two or three together from the axils or supra-axillary, from 3-15 in.
in length, shortly pubescent or the pubescence at length disposed in one or
two lines or upon the edges of the slightly compressed rachis. Plowers
white, about 1| lines, sessile, ebracteate, spreading, singly scattered in a
single line or distichous, often in various stages of development at the same
part of the spike. Calyx 4-partite. Anthers minute, rotundate. Ovary
very small, obovoid. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Barter !

Var. /3. Spikes shorter than the leaves, Small Ilobi Island, Mann!

It appears to me rather probable that Sarcostigma Vogel'd^ Miers (Contrib. Bot. i. 104.
t. 19) may be referable to this species. The only specimens in Herb. Kew are destitute
both of flower and fruit.

2. D. Planchonianus, Mle.rs, Contrih. Bot. i. 68. t. 9. Scandent.
Extremities t-erete. Leaves coriaceous, shining above, obovate-oblong to
oblong or oval-oblong, shortly and rather obtusely apiculate, cuneate or
slightly rounded at the base, rather prominently penniveined, entire, glabrous,
2-4 in. long, li-ly in. broad ; petiole about 2 lines. Spikes slender, shorter
than the leaves in our specimens, solitary or two or three together, pubescent.
Flowers 1| lines, minutely bracteate. Calyx 4-5-fid, with ovate lobes. An-
thers shortly oblong. Ovary densely pilose. — D. tdtidus, Planch, in Herb.

Mozaiub. Distr. Mozambique, Forbes !
Also in Madagascar.

11. LEPTAULUS, Benth.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 351.

Calyx deeply 5-lobed ; lobes slightly imbricate. Petals 5, united nearly,
to the apex ; lobes valvate, with inflexed tips. Stamens 5, alternate with
the corolla-lobes ; filaments adnate nearly throughout. Disk 0. Ovary 1- ,
celled, slightly oblique above ; style filiform ; stigma slightly dilated, minute ;
ovules geminate, pendulous. Fruit a coriaceous, oblong-ovoid, pointed drupe,
1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous, sulcate on one face, tuberculate-rugose ;
embryo...? — A glabrous shrub. Leaves alternate, entire, rather coriaceous.
Flowers in extra-axillary, many-floAvered, subumbellate, very shortly pedun-
culate or sessile cymes.

The following is the only species which I have seen.

1. Li. daphnoideSy Benth. I.e. A perfectly glabrous shrub, attaining
12 ft.; extremities terete. Leaves petiolate, penniveined, rather coriaceous,
oblong-elliptical, shortly acuminate, cuneate at the base, 3^-11 in. long,
lf-4 in. broad; petiole \-\ in. Flowers \-\ in. long, slender; pedicels
equalling or slightly exceeding the calyx or flowers nearly sessile, collected in
sessile or very shortly pedunculate, many-flowered, extra-axillary cymes.
Calyx deeply 5-lobed, many times shorter than the corolla. Fruit more or
less pointed, 1-1^ in. long, with the persistent unchanged calyx.

Leptatdus.] Xxxix. OLACiNE.r. ((JLivr.u). 355

Upper Guinea. Bngroo and Koiigui rivers, Munn !

The Kongiii specimens have leaves three times as hirge as those of the Ha;;r<K) pinitt and
the flowers subsessile, but 1 cannot distinguish them speeitieally.

12. APODYTES, E. Meyer; Benth. ct Hook. f. (in.. I'l. i. 331.

Calyx small, S-tootlied or -partite. Petals 5, free, vnlvate, glabrous or
nearly so. Stamens 5, alternate, free or very shortly adherent to li»e b;ise of
tlie petals ; filaments usually compressed below, sui)ulale or filiform above.
Anthers linear to lanceohite-obloiifi;. Ovary 1 -celled ; styh; more or less
oblique; ovules 2, pendulous. Fruit crnstaceons, oblicpicly ellipsoidal or
rounded. " Seed pendulous, with a small embryo near the apex of a (lev hy
albumen." — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire, pt'iiniveimMJ. Viowi-rs
in terminal panicles or axillary fascicles {Rhnphiostylin, Planch.).

A small genus, confined to the tropics of the Old World.

Flowers in terminal panicles. Leaves broadly- or ovate elliptical, ob-
tuse or acute \. A. dimidiala.

riowers in axillary fascicles. Leaves oblong or oval-oblong, acuminate 2. J. benmentu.

1. A. dimidiata, E. Mey.; Benth. in Linn. Trans, xviii. GSl. t. U.
A tree of 15-30 ft. or more; extremities usually appressed-puberulo\is at
first. Leaves petiolate, rather coriaceous, shinijii^ above, ovate-elliptical or
broadly elliptical, obtuse acute or shortly and broadly cuspidate, rounded or
broadly cuneate at base, entire, venation obscure, glabrous. 1^-3 in. long. }
to nearly 2 in. broad ; petiole from ^-1| in. Flowers 1.1 2 lines lorn: in
bud, in termitud, loose or subthyrsiform, many-fiowered panicles, exceeding
or overtopped by the leaves, sessile or shortly pedicellate, from very minute
or obsolete bract-scales. Calyx very small, r>-fid ; lobes deltoid. Anthers
linear- or lanceolate-oblong. Ovary pubescent. Young fruit 1-sidcd, com-
pressed, oblong-rotundate or obliquely rounded. — A. acntifuiiu, Hochst. in
PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Iiower Guinea. Iluilla, Angola, Br. Welwiiach !
Nile Land. kh)%s,n\\^, Schimp er !

Also at the Cape. Nearly allied to A. mauritiana, Planch, niss. {Icacina mauittiiina,
Miers, Contr. Hot. i. 56).

2. A. beninensis. Honk. f. Ic. Plant. 778. A glabrous shrub with
terete extremities. Leaves firmly membranous or coriaceous, elliptic-obloug,
rather obtusely acuminate, narroAved to the cuneate or but slightly rounded
base, entire, glabrous, midrib prominent beneath, subdistant latend veuis
moderately so^, reticidation faint, 3-6 in. long, 1-2] in. broad; petiole I 2
lines. Flowers }-\ in. long, pedicellate, in 3-10-tlowered axillary fa'^cicifS
or exceptionally subsolitary ; pedicels glabrous, shorter than or equalling the
flowers. Calyx glabrous; lobes ovate-rotundate. Filaments compressed
beloAV, subulate or filiform above. Ovary glabrous.— 7?//r7/7;/o.<r/y//« beninetult.
Planch, in Fl. Nigrit. 259. R. Hendelolii, Planch.; Micrs' Contrd). Hot.
i. 60. t. 6.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ! Cape Palmas, T. Vogel!
Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

356 XXXIX. OLACINE^. (oltveh). \_Apo(1ytes.

Var. )8. (a distinct species?). Leaves oblong, acuminate. Pedicels very short, with the
calyx pubescent-toraentose or flowers subsessile. Ovary hirsute. — Eppah, Niger, Barter !
River Kongui, Mann !

The obliquity of the style is less marked in var. )8, perhaps because of the hairy ovary.

13. ALSODEIOPSIS, Oliv. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 996.

Calyx 5-partite ; lobes lanceolate, acute. Petals 5, lanceolate, glabrous
within, connate \-\ of their length from the base, valvate in aestivation.
Stamens 5, free, alternate with the petals. Anthers elliptical or ovate-oblong,
minutely apiculate. Ovary free, 1-celled, hirsute, narro\ved into the style ;
stigma minute; ovules 2, pendulous. Fruit narrowly oblong, 1-celled, 1-
seeded ; pericarp thin, crustaceous, indehiscent. Seed exalbuminous, with a
membranous closely adherent testa. Cotyledons connate nearly throughout,
with an oblique lobe at the base connivent over the small ovoid superior
radicle. — A shrub with strigillose-hirsute extremities. Leaves membranous
or thinly coriaceous. Flowers very small, pedicellate, in short axillary cymes
or subracemose.

Based upon the following species. The structure of the seed is very similar to that of
Sarcostigma.

1. A. Mannii, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 43. Leaves oblanceolate
or oblanceolate-oblong, acuminate, narrowed to the usually obtuse, some-
times oblique base, entire, glabrous or thinly hispid-scaberulous above, the
prominent midrib and lateral veins more or less hispid beneath or glabrescent,
3-9 in. long, l5~2| in. broad ; petiole 1-2 lines, strigillose or hairy. In-
florescence usually under 1 in. Petals at length recurved above, three to
four times longer than the calyx. Fruit 1 in. long. — Hook. Ic. PI. 1008.

Upper Guinea. Mount John, Kongui river, 3Iann !

Our specimens belong to two forms, but they do not appear to differ in any important
character,

14. ICACINA, A. Juss. ; Benth. et Hook, l Gen. PI. i. 352.

Calyx 5 -toothed or -partite. Petals 5, valvate, usually hirsute or pubes-
cent externally and bearded within (glabrous in /. macrocarpd) , Stamens
5, alternate with the petals, free, often inserted beneath a small hypogynous
disk. Anthers ovoid or oblong, dorsally affixed. Ovary 1-celled, usually
narrow^ed into the style and more or less pilose or hirsute ; stigma minute oi-
slightly peltate-dilated ; ovules 2 pendulous. Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-
seeded ; pericarp crustaceous or outer layer fleshy with a thin woody or bony
putamen. Seed pendulous ; embryo shorter than the fleshy uniform albu-
men, with thin foliaceous cotyledons and a short radicle. — Shrubs sometimes
scrambling or scandent. Leaves alternate, entire, penniveined. Flowers in
axillary or terminal panicles or glomerate in short simple or branched axil-
lary spikes or racemes.

A small genus, confined to W. tropical Africa.

Flowers pedicellate, in corymbose cymes collected in a terminal panicle.

Petals barbate within 1. /. senegalensis.

fcacina.] xxxix. oLAciNE.f: (olivek). 3S7

Flowers sessile, in irregularly branched, many-flowiTcd, axillary pani-
cles, 4-6 in. long and brond. Petals not beardi-d within, 'ix-avcs
o-lO in 2. /. macrorarpa.

Flowers in axillary glomeruli or short racemes.

Calyx one-third length of the petals, 5-fid, with lanceolate lobe* . . 3. /. Mannn.
Calyx nearly as long as the petals, 5-partite, with linear-subnlale

segments. Flowers densely silky-hirsute \. I. inrhantk^.

1. I. senegalensis^ A. Juss. in Mem. Snr. Ilia/. Nat. Paris, i. 174.

/. 9. Branches glabrous or thinly pubescent. Leaves rather coriaceous.
elliptical, obtuse, sometimes broadly rounded or retuse, the \ipper occasion-
ally rather acute, rounded at the base, entire, jijlabrous or midrib thinly pu-
bescent beneath, 2^-4 in. long, H 2^ in. broad; petiole 1-3 linen or leaver
subsessile. Flowers in pedunculate, ascending or erect, corymbose rymes
collected into a terminal leafless panicle or the lower peduncles froni the axils
of reduced leaves, silky-hirsute externally ; pedicels 0-;^ in. Calyx 5- (rarely
6-) fid ; lobes triangular, acute, much shorter than the petals. Petals barbate
within near the base. Ovary hirsute.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ! Gambia, Skues ! Niger Expedition (without pn-n-c
locality), Barter!

2. I. macrocarpa, OUv. An extensive climber; extremities rigid,
pubescent. Leaves ample, thinly coriaceous, oblong-elliptical, shortly and
obtusely cuspidate or ol)tuse, broadly rounded at the base, entire, glabrous
above, glabresceiit beneath, midrib and lateral veins pubescent, with the re-
ticulation prominent, 6-10 in. long, 3-4^ in. broad ; petiole \ \ in. Flowers
very small, numerous, sessile, in loosely branching (axillary?) rusty pubescrnt-
tomentose panicles, 4-6 in. long and broad. Calyx cupuliform, broadly •'>-
toothed; teeth deltoid. Petals rather thick, glabrous within. Anthers ch-
long-elliptical. Ovary densely hirsute ; style short, glabrous ; stigma ca|)i-
tate. Drupe ovoid, 2-2| in. 'long, ^-2 iii. in diam., with numerous shallow
longitudinal furrows confused towards the apex and connecte<l below by
transverse depressions ; pericarp about \ in. thick ; inner layer thin, woody.
Seed solitary, H-2 in. long, with a broad well-marked raphe Embryo
shorter than the albumen. Cotyledons thin, foliaceous ; radicle superior,
very short, obtuse ; plumule conspicuous.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Ma7in !

3. I. Mannii, OUv. A shrtib, attaining 8 ft. or sometimes scandent ;
extremities glabrous. Leaves membranous or thinly coriaceous, broadly ob-
long-elliptical or elliptical, shortly acuminate, more or less rounded at the
base, entire, glabrous or midrib below and petiole obsoletely pubescent,
midrib and subdistant lateral veins rather prominent, 4-6 in. long, \\ -23 \\\.
broad ; petiole li-5 lines. Flowers appressed silky-hirsute, rath.-r crowded
in short, axillary, solitary or geminate racemes or fascicled and sessde ; pedi-
cels not exceeding 1 or 2 lines ; bracts lanceolate, minute. Calyx deeply 5-
fid, with lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate lobes, about one-third the length ol
the petals. Petals barbate within. Ovary tapering into the style, more or
less hirsute. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Mann '

358 XXXIX. oLACiNE^ (OLIVER). \_Icacina.

4, I. trichantha, 0/z7\ Scandent. Extremities terete, rusty- or cinna-
mon-toraentose-pubeseent. Leaves ample, membranous, oblong-elliptical or
broadly elliptical, cuspidate or shortly acuminate, rounded, sometimes broadly,
at the base, entire, glabrous above, glabrescent or the nerves thinly or ap-
pressed-luspid beneath, 6-9 in. long, 2-5 in. broad ; petiole 1-3 lines or
leaves subsessile. Flowers densely and rather softly silky-hirsute, crowded
in very short simple or slightly l^ranched racemes or spikes ; pedicels very
short or 0. Calyx 5-partite ; segments linear-subulate, nearly or quite
equalling the petals. Petals barbate within. Anthers ovate-oblong. Ovary
hirsute, narrowed into the style. Pruit an ellipsoidal drupe, with a thin
softly pubescent skin, about 1 in. long ; endocarp very thin, bony, rather
strongly 2-keeled and slightly reticulate. Seed solitary ; embryo often oblique
or transverse, shorter than the albumen, with thin foliaceous cotyledons.
Testa thinly membranous.

Upper Guinea. Ouitscha, Niger, Barter !

15. lODES, Blume ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 355.

Flowers dioecious, in cymose panicles. Perianth simple or double; if
double, the outer minute, 4-5 -fid, regular or irregular ; if simple, or the inner
if double, 4-5-fid, the lobes valvate in aestivation, sometimes unequal. Male
fl. : Stamens as many as perianth-lobes and alternate with them ; filaments
very short or 0. Anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, erect or dorsally
recurved. Pistil rudimentary. Female fl. : Stamens 0 or rudimentary.
Ovary sessile, usually strigose or hairy, 1 -celled, with 2 pendulous ovules;
stigma sessile, fleshy, disciform. The drupe is described as dry, 1-seeded.
Embryo more than half as long as the fleshy albumen, with flat foliaceous
cotyledons and a short superior radicle. — Scandent shmbs. Leaves opposite
or subopposite, entire, membranous. Flowers small, usually in many-flowered
pedunculate, irregularly-forking, cymose, axillary panicles, usually hairy or
strigillose ; the peduncles frequently reduced to cirrhi.

A small genus, confined to tropical and insular Asia and W. Africa. The African species
has precisely the facies of the Indian ones, but its perianth is simple and the anthers are re-
curved and adnate. As, however, the outer perianth, in the Indian species, is probably in-
volucral, I do not think a generic separation would be justifiable.

1. I. africana, TFelw. mss. A weak climber, extending 15-20 ft. or
further; extremities at first strigillose or shortly hirsute, at length sometimes
glabrescent. Leaves membranous, rather large, elliptical or ovate-elliptical,
usually shortly acuminate or cuspidate, broadly rounded subcordate or dis-
tinctly cordate and sometimes oblique at base, entire, at length glabrous or
nearly so, excepting the usually strigillose midrib impressed above, 3-6 in.
long, 1^-4 in. broad ; petiole more or less strigillose, ^-1 in. Male pani-
cles loosely forking from above or below the middle, equalling-or exceeding
the leaves, thinly strigillose. Perianth simple ; lobes at length revolute.
Anthers recurved and adnate over the apex of the short filament. Tendrils
extra-axillary. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar and Gaboon (male flowers), Mann !

Iode8.^ XXXIX. OLACINEiE (OLIVLK). :j5y

Lower Guinea. Golungo Alto and Cazerij^o, Angola (feinak flowers) , iJr. Wt/^iltck .'

Pbytocrene: Imperfect specimens of perhaps 2 species of this lieniis wen- not
home by Dr. Kirk from Sierra Leone and S. tropical Africa. They are insufficient for de-
scription.

Order XL. ILICINE^ (by Truf. Olivor).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or subdiciioious. Calyx 3 fi-loothcd or
-partite, usually persistent. Petals 3 6, free or conunte h.low, hyporrvnouH.
imbricate. Stamens as many as the petals, alternate with thrm, fr^eor ad-
herent to the petals. Anthers rotundate or subcordate, dehisririf^ lonf^ilii-
dinally. Ovary ovoid or globose, free, 3 6-celled ; style terminal or 0.
"Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit dnipaceous, with 3 or more
bony 1-seeded pyrenes. Seeds with a fleshy albumen ; embryo minute,
apical, with a superior radicle." — Trees or shrubs, usually glabrous and ever-
green. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, petiolate, coriaceous, entire dentate or
•sinuous-spinose. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or umbels, often pedun-
culate.

A small Natural Order chiefly American and Asiatic, with a few outliers in the N. tem-
perate zone. By far the greater number of species belong to the genus I/ex. The only
tropical African representative appears to be peculiar to the continent.

1. ILEX, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 356.

Petals usually connate at the base. Stamens as many as petals. Ovary
4-6-celIed. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves usually shining. Inflorescence axil-
lary.

A large genus widely dispersed in tropical and temperate regions, represented by the com-
mon Holly in Britain.

L I. capensis, Sond. and Harv. Fl. Capensis, i. 473. A glabrous
shrub or tree, attaining sometimes 30-40 ft. Leaves rather coriaceous, ob-
long-elliptical or oval, acute, mucronate, occasionally broadly acute or rather
obtuse, more or less acute at the base, rather remotely serrulate or denticu-
late-serrate towards the apex or entire, 2^-4 in. long, f-l^ in. broad; pe-
tiole ^-| in. Flowers in shortly pedunculate umbels, 5-merous or 6-mcrous.
Petals connate below. Berries ovoid-globose, crowned by the sessile or sub-
sessile obtuse stigma (in the Cape specimens). — For synonymy, see ' Flora
Capensis.'

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, 4000-8000 ft., Mann!

Ijo-wer Guinea. Angola, prov. Huilla, Dr. irelwitsch !

Also at the Cape.

Order XLL CELASTRACE^ (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers small, regular, usually hermaphrodite. Calyx 4 5-lobe<i or -par-
tite, persistent. Petals 4-5, usually spreading, sessile or subsessile around
or below the margin of the disk, imbricate. Stamens as many as petals or

360 XLI. CELASTRACEiE (oLIVER).

3, variously inserted upon, outside of, or within, the more or less conspi-
cuous disk. Ovary sessile or rarely shortly raised on a thick columnar
torus, free or more or less confluent witli the disk, 3 -5 -celled ; style entire
or lobed ; stigma simple or lobecl. Ovules 2 (rarely 1) or oo, anatropous,
erect or ascending. Fruit a capsule, drupe, or subapocarpous and often sama-
roid. Seeds sometimes winged {Hippucratea) , with or without a fleshy
albumen, frequently arillate. — Shrubs or trees, occasionally spinescent or
scandent. Leaves opposite or alternate, most frequently coriaceous, simple.
Stipules minute or 0. Inflorescence cymose, axillary or terminal. Flowers
small, greenish yellowish or white.

A cousiderable and wide-spread ligneous Order, most frequent in warm countries. One
mouotypic genus is confined to tropical Africa.

Stamens as many as petals.
Ovules 2 in each cell.

Leaves alternate. Fruit a capsule 1. Celastrus.

Leaves opposite. Fruit a capsule 2. Catha.

Leaves alternate (or opposite). Fruit a drupe 3. ELiEODENDRON. ,

Ovules 6-8 in each cell.

Leaves opposite. Anthers dehiscing transversely .... 4. Campylostemon.
Stamens (3) fewer than petals.

Fruit of distinct usually dehiscent carpels 5. Hippocratea.

Fruit baccate, indehisceut 6. Salacia.

1. CELASTRUS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 364.

{Gymnosporia, "Wight et Arn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. 1. c. 365.)

Flowers frequently polygamous. Calyx 5-partite or 5-fid. Petals 5,
sessile, usually spreading. Stamens 5, inserted upon or under the margin of
the disk ; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-3-(rarely 4-)celle(l,
free or more or less confluent with the disk ; style short ; stigma with as
many lobes as cells in the ovary or subcapitate. Ovules 2 in each cell.
Capsule globose or obovoid, often trigonous, 3 -2-1 -celled, with 1 or 2 seeds
to each cell, dehiscing loculicidally. Seeds vi\i\\ a fleshy albumen, frequently
more or less invested by a fleshy arillus. — Shrubs or trees frequently armed
with axillary spines. Leaves alternate, usually more or less coriaceous and
serrulate or toothed. Flowers small, in (African species) axillary forking
cymes or pedicels simple, fasciculate.

A large genus widely distributed in the warmer and tropical countries of the Old World.
The tropical African species appear to be endemic with the exception of one wide-spread
species, C. senegalensis. The species do not admit of being separated by decisive characters
in an analytical table.
Peduncles forking. Armed or unarmed.

Leaves acute, 3-6 in., elliptical, serrulate. Peduncles I3-34 in.,

slender. Ovary half-immersed 1. C. gracilipes.

Leaves acute (or the fasciculate leaves obtuse), oblanceolate or
oblanceolate-rhomboid, much narrowed below, 2-3 in. Ovary

free 2. C. andongensis.

Leaves more or less obtuse, rarely exceeding 3-4 in.

Leaves obovate-elliptical to oblanceolate, very obtuse, much
narrowed below, glaucescent, serrulate or entire, i-4 in.
Ovary usually 2-celled 3. C. senegalensis.

Celaslnii.] xu. CELASTUACRvf: (oijvkk). 361

Leaves elliptical (to oblanccolatc), serrulate, l^-S in. (Jvaiy

3-eelled, on a Hesli)' disk -i. C terralui.

Leaves membranous, ovate to elliptic, 1-3 in., denticulate.

Ovary free, on raised disk 5. C. fuonymoidrt.

Slender. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, base rounded, \-\\ in.

Peduncles filiform, equalling or exceeding the leaves . . . (^. C.mmsambieentit.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, \-\\ in. long, \-\ in. broad. Pedun-
cles glandular, equalling leaves . . . 1. C. Jtkato.

Leaves very coriaceous, elliptic or obovate, ^-l^ in., very ob-
tuse. Ovary free, on raised disk . 8. C. arbxti/oltut.

Peduncles simple, usually fascicled. Unarmed.

Leaves sinuate-serrate or -dentate, elliptical to ohlanceolato, \\-\

in., obtiisc. Ovary immersed 0. C. hd^olus.

Leaves serrulate, elliptical, acute, 3-6 in. Ovary lialf-immersed . 10. C. launfoliut.
Leaves serrulate, oblong-oval, obtuse, 2i-5 in. Ovary nearly free 11. C launfolm*.
Leaves equally serrate, oval, 1^-2 in. Ovary half-immersed . . 12. C. huUlensu.

1. C. gracilipes, M^ehc. ms.s. A o:labrous shrub or shrubby tree with
purplisli, often armed branches, spiiies slender, straight, leafless,* varyinfr l<)
3 in. Leaves rather large, distinctly petiolate, firmly membranous or ratlu-r
coriaceous, oblong-elliptical or broadly oval, narrowed to each end, usually
acute, occasionally shortly acuminate, serrulate, glabrous, 3-i) in. long, 13
in. broad; petiole ^-y in. Peduncles very slender, forking usually above
the middle a few times, l|-3 in. long. Flowers small, white, often rather
cymosely clustered. Ovary half- immersed in a fleshy adiuite disk, 3-cellcd
with a subsessile 3-fid stiguia. Pruit after dehiscence j—\ in. in diam.

Upper Guinea. Ambas Bay, Gulf of Guinea, Mann !
Lower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

2. C. andongensis, OUv. A glabrous shrub of 3-5 ft. with or without
axillary spines i-f in. in length. Leaves as in C. seiiegah'u.sis, much nar-
rowed, usually from above the middle, to the petiole, dillVring in their being
usually acute or broadly pointed, though when fascicled from the axils of a
previous year they may be very obtuse ; they are serrulate above but not
glaucous or glaucescent, 2-2f in. long, \-\^ in. l)road ; petiole gradually
dilating into the lamina. Branching cymes much shorter than the leaves.
Ovary free, 3-celled, with a short style equalling the spreading stigmas.

liOTver Guinea. Pungo Andougo, Angola, Dr. Weltcitsch !

3. C. senegalensis. Lam. ; 1)0. Prod. ii. 8. A glabrous, usually
glaucous glaucescent or pale green shrub, very variable in size and form of
the leaves, from 1-10 15 ft. in height, unarmed or spinose; sjjines short
and slender or stout and several inches long, often bearing leaves and flower-
cymes towards the apex. Leaves coriaceous, obovate-ellipticaj or oblanceo-
late, usually very obtuse or even refuse, occasionally subacute and mucronnle,
much narrowed to the petiole, serrulate denticulate or nearly entire, I \ in.
long, -1-2 in. broad; petiole 1-2 lines to { in., usually dilating into llie
lamina. Cymes axillary, solitary or fascicled, usually shorter than the leaves,
forking froni or below the middle, loose and divaricate or rather compart.
Ovary broad-based, suiTOunded by a fleshy disk, aj^parently normally 2-
celled, occasionally 3-celled, in the ? with* a 2-fitl style with more or less
clavate branches. ' Capsule subglobose or obovoid, usually 2-VHlved wilh

362 XLi. CELASTRACEJ3 (oliver). [Celasb-KS.

1 or more seeds. — C. wonlanm, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 620. C. phyUacaiithus,
L'llerit. Sert. 6. n. 28. C. decolor, Delile, Voy. a Meroe, lo6. t. Ixiv. 6.
C. coriaceus, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 142. C. {Caiha, p. 725) europcBus,
Boiss. Voy. en Espagne, 127. t. 38. C. obovatus, Hochst. in Schirap. PI.
Abyss. C. glaucus, R. Br. in Salt, Ab\ss. App. 64. Calha decolor and C.
senegalensis, Webb, Frag. Fl. iEtliiop. 60-61.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Heudelot ! and others ; Nigritania, Barter !
Nile Iiand. Sennar, Kotschy ! Abyssinia, Salt I Scfnmper ! and others; Kordofan,
Cienkov:ski ; Nnbia {Schweinf. et Aach. Enum.).
Iiower Guinea. Angola, i)r. Wehcitsch !
Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

Var. jmmila (Welw. rass.). About 1 ft. high, unarmed. Pastures, Huilla, Angola,
Dr. Wetwitsch!

<7. Senegal ensis occurs in the Mediterranean region and eastward to India.

4. C. serratus, Ilochsi. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 131. Unarmed or spines
inconspicuous. Extremities glabrous or puberulous. . Leaves more or less
coriaceous, ovate to elliptical or oblanceolate, obtuse or sometimes broadly
acute, broadly rounded at the base or cuneate, acutely serrulate or crenulate,
glabrous, reticulation often prominent beneath, 1^-3 in. long, f-lf in.
broad ; petiole 1-4 lines. Peduncles axillary, often fascicled, forking from
the base, considerably shorter than the leaves, puberulous. Ovary broad-
based, 3-(2-) celled, seated on a fleshy disk, scarcely or slightly immersed ;
stigma" 3-lobed, subsessile or style very short. Capsule 3-valved, smooth. —
C. obscurus, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 131-2. C. pyrifoUa, ms. in Herb. Fran-
queville. C. Schim.peri and C. edulis, Hochst. in Schimp. PL Abyss. C.
serrulaius., R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 64.

Nile laand. Abyssinia, Salt ! Schirnper ! and others.

5. C. euonymoides, JVelw. mss. A shrub of 3-8 ft., armed with
slender straight axillary spines, often 2-2^ in. long, frequently bearing leaves
and flowers near the extremity. Young branches purplish, puberulous.
Leaves membranous, very shortly but distinctly petiolate, ovate passing into,
elliptical, subacutely or rather obtusely pointed, broadly cuneate or rounded
at the base, obsoletely serrulate or obtusely denticulate, reticulation rather
prominent when dry, minutely pubescent at least on the midrib beneath, at
length glabrous, 1-3 in. long, -|-lf in. broad; pubescent petiole ^-1 line.
Cymes spreading, repeatedly forked, pubescent, in our specimens usually from
the pair of leaves borne by the axillary spines. Ovary nearly wholly free,
inserted upon a thick, raised, fleshy disk, 3 -celled; style equalling or exceed-
ing the ovary, 3-fid. Valves of fruit crimson, puberulous.

Iiower Guinea. Golungo Alto and Zenza do Golungo, Angola, Di\ Welwitsch !

6. C. mossaxnbicensiS) Klotzsch in Pelers' Mossamb. Bot. 112 (ex
descr.). A small perfectly glabrous shrub ; ultimate branchlets very slender.
Leaves small, membranous, broadly ovate-lanceolate, or ovate, more rarely
ovate-cordate, obtuse, sometimes with a microscopic mucro, base not nar-
rowed to the petiole, often more or less rounded, serrulate, f-l^ in. long,
■|-| in. broad ; petiole slender, 1-2 lines. Axillary peduncles filiform, slightly

Celuslril-'i.'] XLI. CKLASTIIACE.H (oMVKll).

3C3

exceeiling or equalling the leaves, (licliotomous, 1-1- or 5 from cncli nxil. first
fork often below the middle. Calyx 5-partite ; se;;in('nts rotundaU-. (Jvarv
ovoid, inserted by a broad base in the centre of a tlcssliy disk nion or Ics's
free at the mari,Mn, 3-celled. Style de(j)ly .'J-fid ; lobes at len^rtli spmidin^j

or recurved and 2-tid (at least in the Natal plant). Fruit I have not mm-h.

C. rubra (Herb. Gerrard).

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuina river, Brs. Kirk} and Meller ! Inhambam' {Kini:s,-h).
Also south of the tropic.

7. C. Atkaio, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 132. Armed ; with terele pulverulent

branches; spines long, straight, slender. Leaves eoruircous, shortly pctio-
late, elliptic-oblong, usually obtuse, crenate-dentate, glabrous, \ \\ ili. long,
14 i"- broad. Cymes axillary, divaricately forked from the base, ecjualliMg
the leaves. Peduncles glandnlar.

Nile Iiand. Prov. Choa, Abyssinia, PftH.

I have not seen a specimen. The description is from Richard, who says the plant is nmr
C. bux'if alius ^ Linn.

8. C. arbutifolius, Ilochst. ; Rich. Ft. Abyss, i. 133. A stiff, murh-
branched, usually spinose shrub. Extremities glabrous or puberulous. Spin<'s
straight, ^-i in. Leaves small, very coriaceous, elliptical or obovate-ellip-
tical, very obtuse or even emarginate, rounded or cuneate at the base, ob?o-
letely serrulate or subentire, glabrous, \^\\ in. long, \-\ in. broad ; petiole
usually distinct, 1-2 lines. Peduncles axillary, usually 2 or 3 from the
same axil, \-^ in , bearing a few-tlowered, often umbellate cyme of shortly
pedicellate flowers. Ovary nearly quite free, raised upon a fleshy disk, 3-
celled ; style with 3 spreading or recurved linear lobes. Capsules size of a
large pea, usually 3-valvcd. — C. parvijlorus, Ferr. et Galin. Voy. Abyss. Atlas
Bot. t. 5.

Nile laand. Abyssinia, Sckimper ! Dr. Roth !

Messrs. Ferret and Galinier (Voy. Abyss, iii. 107) identify this plant with C^lattrus
parvijiorus, Vahl {Catha spinosa^ Forsk.). Tlicy may be correct, but as ForskaJ dir»cribc«
the capsule as 2-locular, I prefer to leave it under Hochstclter's name at present.

9. C. luteolus, Delile in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xx. 90. A glabrous
shrub, unarmed in our specimens. Leaves very coriaceous, pale green, ovnte-
elliptical or varying from oval to oblanceolate, subacute or obtuse, more or
less cuneate at base, usually coarsely dentate-serrate or sinuate-dentate, with
obtuse or acute teeth, glabrous, 1^-4 in. long, f-l} in. broad, oeauHionally
smaller; petiole 1-3 lines. Pedicels simple, in axillary 2-6 -8-flowered
fascicles, articulated near the base, in fruit 2-4 lines long. Ovary broiul-
based, ^-immersed in a fleshy disk, 3-C('lle(l. Stigma 3-lol)nlnte. Capsule
smooth, the size of a pea. — Ferr. et Galin. Voy. Abyss. Atlas Bot. t. 8.— C.
sinnntu-dentatus, Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Srhhnper !

Mozamb. Distr. ? Zanzibar, Dr. Kirk! In fiuit only. Tcrhaps distinct
I follow Richard, who is probably ri^ht, in his identification of Dclilc's plant. A «|k-ci-
men in fruit of, ai)parcntly, an allied pJaul collected at Cape Coast {Brau) it in the herba-
rium of the British Museum.

364 XLI. CELASTRACE^ (olivfr). \_Celastri(s.

10. C. lancifolius, &/*/m. ct Thonu. PL Gu'm. 132 {ex descr.) A
small unarmed tree of 7-10 ft., with green, terete, glabrous or glabrescent
branches, and a sharp decurrent line on each side from the petiole. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, shortly but distinctly petiolate, elliptical or ovate-elliptical,
acute, often shortly acuminate, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, serru-
late or nearly entire, glabrous, 3-6 in. long, U-2f in. broad; petiole 1-3
lines. Plowe'rs small, white, in axillary many-flowered fascicles, but little ex-
ceeding the petioles ; pedicels 2-3 lines, 1-flowered. Ovaiy 3-celled, half-im-
mersed, surrounded by a fleshy disk. Stigma subsessile, 3-sulcate. Fruit
crimson, obtusely trigonous. Seeds solitary in each cell, half-immersed in a
whitish arillus.

Upper Guinea. Adah, Guinea, Thonning.

Iiower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

Celastrus macrophyllus, of Dr. Welwitsch's mss.

11. C. laurifolius. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 130 {ex descr.). A small tree
or shrub, with pale green, glabrous, unarmed branches. Leaves very corin-
ccous, oblong-lanceolate or oval, obtuse or scarcely acute, more or less nur-
rowed to the petiole, obtusely dentate-serrate, glabroi-s, paler or glaucescent
beneath, reticulation not conspicuous, pale green when dry, 2^-5 in. long,
f-lf in. broad ; petiole 2-3 lines. Flowers in rather dense, many-flowererl,
axillary fascicles ; pedicels simple, 1-2 lines. Ovary nearly free, surrounded
by a broad disk. Capsule glabrous, size of a pea, 3-valved.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Billon ; Captain Pullen !

Var. )3. ? Leaves dark brown when dry, ])aler beneath, serrulate, Pedicels pubescent.

Mozamb. Distr. Lake Nyassa, Br. Kirk !

12. C. huillensis, Welw. mss. A small, much-branched, glabrous,
evergreen, unarmed tree. Extremities pale green. Leaves coriaceous, oval,
narrowed to each end, obtuse, rather finely and equally serrate, glabrous,
1^-2 in. long, \-\ in. broad ; petiole 1-2 lines. Flowers greenish,
polygamous, axillary, solitary or in fascicles of 2-5 ; pedicels 2-3 lines.
Ovary half-immersed in the disk. Capsule glabrous, 3-valved.

Lower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, "Dr. Welmtsch!

Celastrus multiflorus, Lam. Diet. i. 661, given as a doubtful African species, I do
not know. It may be a Cape species. It is described with branches ' horriblement herisses '
with sphies and numerous lateral pedunculate umbelliform cymes of white flowers.

2. CATHA, Forsk.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 361.

Calyx 5-lobed, small. Petals 5. Stamens 5, inserted on the outer margin
of a thin notched disk. Ovary free, surrounded by the disk, 3-celled ; style
very short, 3-fid, with spreading or recurved stigmatose lobes. Ovules 2 in
each cell, ascending. Capsule oblong or clavate-oblong, dehiscing from above
loculicidally in 3 valves, 1-3-seeded. — A glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite,
or alternate on the leafy shoots, coriaceous. Flowers in shoit axillary
cymes.

Cntha.'] XLT. CKLASTRACE/F. (oLIVER). 365

Based upon the following speeies, which is eoiifiiicd to f>a8tern Africa ami the adjacent
parts of Asia.

1. C. edulis, Fursk. Fl. jflrj. Arab. 03. Loaves narrowly oval ohlnn-
ceolate or elliptical, rather obtusely pointed, narrowed into the petiole, serratr,
2-4 iti. lon<^, \-\\ ill. brond. Petiole \ in. more or less. Cynjes |-3 in.
Capsule about \ in. long-. — Cdadrna edulis, Vahl ; DC. Prod. ii. 6 ; Ferr. et
Galin. Yoy. Abyss. Bot. Atlas, t. 4. Cutha For.ska/ii, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i.
]34. t. 30. Trigonotheca serrata, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, 602.

Nile Land. Abyssinia ! varioits collectors.

I have not seen indigenous Arabian specimens. Cultivated apparently to a considerable
extent.

3. ELJEODENDHON, Jacq. f. ; Bentli. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 367

Flowers polygamous or hermaphrodite. Calyx 5 -(4) -partite. IVtals
5-(4), spreading. Stamens as many as petals, inserted under the margin of
the disk ; filaments subulate. Anthers rotundate, dehiscing longitudinally.
Ovary more or less deeply immersed and confluent with the disk, 3-2-cellcd.
Style very short; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe dry (or pulpy), usually 1-
celled, 1-seeded. — Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or pubescent, unarmed.
Leaves persistent, alternate in the tropical African species, coriaceous, serru-
late or entire. Flowers in axillary pedunculate cymes or umbels, small,
yellowish greenish or white.

A considerable genus of tropical Asia and the Cape, extending eastward to Australia.

1. E. sethiopicum, Oliv. A small tree or shrub. Extremities terete,
closely and minutely pubescent or glabrous. Leaves more or less coriaceous,
elliptical oblong- or ovate-elliptical, obtuse, entire or slightly emarginale,
denticulate-serrate (the teeth at first glandular) or subentire, more or less
shining and usually glabrous above, paler and glabrous or softly and minutely
pubescent beneath, 1-2*^ in. long, |-li in. broad, rarely larger; petiole gla-
brous or pubescent, ly-2 lines. Flowers greenish-yellow, in axillary, often
pubescent, subsessile umbels or on peduncles but little exceeding the petiole,
8-1-flowered ; pedicels equalling or exceeding the flower. Calyx-lobes ro-
tundate, usually pubescent. Petals obovate-rotnndate, widely spreading.
Ovary deeply imn)ersed in the broad angular disk, 3- or 2-ceUed. Fruit
ovoid, apiculate, \-\ in. — Cassine alhiopica, Thunb. ; DC. Prod. ii. 12,
My&troxylon confertijloruvi, Tul. ; Harv. et Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 409.

Iiower Quinea. Loanda, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !
Mozamb. Distr. E. tropical Africa, lat. 6^ 38' S., Speke and Grant .'
Xar. pub escens (E. Burkeanum, Sender, Fl. Cap. i. 470). Under surface of the leave*
softly pubescent. — Bumbo and Huilla, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !
Both forms occur south of the tropic.
For synonymy (which I have not -verified) see Dr. Sender in ' Flora Capensis.'

4. CAMPYLOSTEMON, Welw. ; Benth. rt Hook. f. (irn. PI. i. 99S.
Calyx 5-partite; lobes rotundate. Petals elliptical or broadly oblong,

366 XLi. CELASTRACE^ (oliver). [^Campjjlostemon.

spreading. Stamens 5, inserted in a minute inconspicuous disk around the
ovary; filaments incurved; anthers introrse, dehisciufi: transversely, ^-celled.
Ovary broad-based, free, 3-celled ; stiguja 3-fid, sessile ; ovules 6-8 in each
cell, 2-seriate. Fruit not seen.— A glabrous climbing shrub. Leaves oppo-
site, membranous, elliptic-oblong, acuminate, serrulate. Flowers small,
sulphur-yellow, in axillary cymes much shorter than the leaves.

A monotypic genus, confined to Angola.

1. C. augolensey TFelw. ; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 44<. Leaves 2-
3^ in. long, f-1:^ broad, usually elliptic-oblong or oval, occasionally ovate-
lanceolate; petiole slender, -^ in. Cymes many-flowered, under 1 in.
Flowers about 2^ lines in diam.

luoyKer Guinea. Prov. Cazengo, Angola, Dr. IVelwitsch !

5. HIPPOCRATEA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 369.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5. Petals 5, exceeding the sepals, erect
or spreading, imbricate or valvate. Stamens 3 ; filaments recurved or re-
flexed at the tip, usually dilated around the ovary below or concealed in
lateral notches of the ovary. Anthers various, from quadrate to transversely
elongate-oblong, extrorse, rarely subsessile. Ovary surrounded by or raised
upon a disk, 3-celled ; style very short or subulate or 0 ; stigma terminal 3-
lobulate or subentire, or 'Stigmatic lobes 3, under the margin of the ovary ;
ovules 2-10 in each cell, 2-seriate. Fruit-carpels 3, distinct, flat, rarely nearly
cylindrical, coriaceous, usually dehiscing along the median line. Seed com-
pressed, usually dilated into a broad wingbeloAV, " exalbuminous ; cotyledons
flat, connate ; radicle very short, inferior." — Usually climbing shrubs or trees.
Leaves opposite, entire or serrate. Flowers in axillary cymes or more rarely
terminal cymose panicles, usually small.

A large tropical genus, occurring in both hemispheres. At least two of the African species
are common to tropical Asia.

Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary.

Anthers nearly concealed under lateral stigmatic notches in the

side of the broadly convex apex of the ovary ....... 1. H. pall ens.

Anthers conspicuous. Stigma terminal.

Outer sepals distinctly smaller. Peduncles solitary, axillary,

elongate ; pedicels in an umbelliforra cyme 1. II. ? longipes.

Sepals equal or nearly so.

Ovary raised above the broad disk on a distinct stipes as long

as itself 3. //. Welwitschii.

Ovary sessile or nearly so.

Sepals and petals rotundate. Disk cupuliform. Leaves

small (1-2 in.) . 4. H. parvifoUa.

Petals lanceolate or oblong, sides usually infolded . . . b. H. indica.
Ovules 4-8.

Petals valvate in scstivatiou.

Cymes and young shoots rusty-lomentose. Petals 1-25 hues.

Ovary sessile ' 6. H. apocytioides.

Extremities glabrous. Cymes puberulous. Petals iiu. Ovary

on short thick gynophore ". H. apiculata.

HippOCI'atea.'] XLI. CELASTRACE.i: (OLIVEU). 3G7

Glabrous. Flowers hoary, minute (1 line or less), in large ter-
minal panicles 8. //. vujriantha.

Petals slightly (not broadly) imbricate, lanceolate or ovate-lanceo-
late.
Wholly glabrous or cymes puberulous. Petals 2^-3 lines.

Leaves li-4 in 9. //. oblusifolia.

Shoots rusty-pubescent. Ovary hairy. Petals IJ lines. Leaves

l-Uiu.* 10. UKirkti.

Petals much imbricate, broadly elliptical obovate or orbicular.
Petals timbriate, unguiculate. Branches and iullorescence

rusty-tomeutose 11. //. velutiua.

Petals entire.

Petals i in., obovate, with much incurved sides. (Cymes

very lax, 5-6 in.) 12. 77. macrophylla.

Petals 1 line or less.

Pedicels \ in. Leaves elliptical, 2-4 in. (drying black) . 13. 11. gracUifiora.
Pedicels about I line.

Leaves 3-7 in., elliptical, rounded below 14. //. panicufata.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 1^-2 in.-; petiole |-^ in.

J'ilaments liijcar \^. II. andongemis.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 1-3 in.; petiole ^-| in.

Filaments very short, much dilated 16. //. longipetiolata.

1 . H. pallens^ Planch, mss. in Herb. Kew. AVlioUy glabrous. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, elliptical to oblong-elliptical, shortly and obtusely pointed
or acuminate, cuneate, sometimes broadly, at the base, entire or obscurely
serrulate towards the apex, reticulation obscure, 1^-4 in. long, \-'2\ in.
broad ; petiole \-\ in. Flowers small, in axillary, many-tlowered, shortly
peduncidate, forking, sometimes rather dense and rounded cymes, much
shorter than the leaves (^-1^ in.). Sepals minute, ovate or obovate-oblong,
imbricate in aestivation. Anthers almost concealed in lateral notches under
minute stigmatic prominences on the margin of the broadly convex top of
the ovary. Ovules geminate. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Barter ! Bagroo river, Maiin !

Ijower Guinea. Cazengo, Angola, Dr. Wehntsch !

A small-leaved variety is in the Kew herbarium from Senegambia.

2. H,? longipeS) OUv. Wholly glabrous. Leaves sidisessile, firndy
membranous, oblong-elliptical or elongate-oval, obtusely often narrowly acu-
minate, narrowed to the base where the margins slightly fold and almost meet
over the base of the midrib, obsoletely or undulate-serrulate or entire, midrib
and looping lateral somewhat transverse veins prominent above ; 5-8 in.
long, 1^-2^ in. broad; petiole 1-2 lines or less. Peduncles axillary, soli-
tary, slender, and unbranched to 2-4 in., then cymosely dividing into a sub-
umbelliforin head of very short scaly peduncles of 1-2 lines, from which
spring the slender pedicels of \-^ in. J^epals rotundate, the outer smalh-r.
Petals broadly elliptical or rotundate, broadly imbricate in bud. Filaments
inserted between the broad fleshy disk and conical free ovary. Ovules in
pairs. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Sierra d. Crystal, Mann !

3. H. Welwitschii, OUv. A strong and extensive climber, wholly

3fi8 XLT. CELASTRACE.T (oltver). [Hippocvatea.

glabrous. Leaves submeiiibranous or at leiioth coriaceous, broadly elliptical
or obovate-elliptical, rather obtusely cuspidate or shortly actiniinate, base
broadly cuneate to rounded, obscurely- or undulate-serrulate at least towards
the apex, reticulation scarcely prominent, 2-4 in. long, H-2y in. broad ;
petiole i— ^ in. long. Flowers greenish, in many-flowered, forking, rather
stout, axillary cymes from half as long to equalling the leaves; bracteoles
minute, ovate, acute. Sepals rotundate. Petals oblong-elliptical, obtuse,
imbricate. Gynophore narrower than the ovary, from the centre of a flattish
saucer-like disk. Filaments subulate ; anthers roundish, peltate after dehis-
cence. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Fruit-capsules oblong or oval-
oblong, obtuse or broadly acute, about 2 in. long, |— f in. broad.

liower Guinea. Prov. Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. }Felmtsch !

4. H, paryifolia, Oliv. Wholly glabrous. Leaves rather small, coria-
ceous, shortly petiolate or subsessile, oblong-elliptical, passing from ovate-
elliptical in the larger-leaved forms to narrow-oval-oblong in the smaller,
acute or subacute, and, except in the narrow-leaved form, rounded some-
times broadly at the base, obscurely serrate or entire, shining and reticulate
above, 1-2 in. long, i-1 in. broad ; petiole ^-1-^ bnes. Flowers small,
greenish-white, similar to those of H. andoyigensis, in rather few-flowered,
axillary, pedunculate cymes, shorter than or equalling the leaves, singly sub-
sessile or pedicels very short. Sepals and petals roundish, imbricate. Sta-
mens inserted within a rather deep cupulate" disk. Ovules 2 in each cell
of the ovary. Fruit obovate-oblong, entire, very obtuse, l^-li in.

Iiower Guinea. Prov. Huilla, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

5. H. indica, Willd. ; DC. Prod. i. 568. A glabrous climber, the
extremities often subquadrangular. Leaves firmly membranous or thinly
coriaceous, elliptical or ovate-elliptical, shortly subacutely or obtusely acumi-
juite, broadly cuneate or rounded, more rarely much narrowed at the base,
finely serrulate or subentire, 2-3-^(-4|-) in. long, f-2 in. broad ; petiole
^-\ in. Flowers small, very numerous, in axillary dichotomous cymes or
cymose panicles, equalling or exceeding the leaves or together forming a lax
leafy or leafless terminal panicle. Pedicels shorter than or scarcely exceed-
ing the flower. Sepals minute, ovale to lanceolate. Petals lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, scarcely acute ; margins usually more or Jess infolded.
Disk annulate, inconspicuous. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Fruit-
carpels oblong, glabrous, obtuse or retuse, H-ly in. long, 5-6 lines broad.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Barter ! Fernando Po, Mann !

Lower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, and Golungo Alto, Dr. Welwitsch !

Var. /3. Leaves much narrowed into the petiole.
Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma river, Dr. Kirk !

If rightly identified, the Angolan plant is an outlier of a species widely spread in conti-
nental and insular India.

We have au imperfect specimen of a climber allied to H. indica, but probably distinct,
with obtusely apiculate, broadly crenate-serrulate leaves and a broad .disk aduate to the base
of the petals, from Sierra Leone {Barter).

6. H. apocynoides, Weho. mss. Climber with, at least, rusty-toraen-

Hippocratea!] XM. CELASTRACEiE (Oliver). 369

lose or -pubescent extremities. Leaves fimily membranous or coriaceous,
elliptical varying to obovate- or oblong-elliptical, very obtuse or shortly and
obtusely pointed, base obtuse often broadly rounded more rarely cuneate,
entire obscurely serrulate above or undulate, early glabrous or thinly pubes-
cent beneath, sometimes on the midrib only, margin often narrowly rusty-
pubescent, 2-4(-6) in. long, 1-2| in. broad ; petiole tomentose or glabrate,
^-\ in. Floy^ers in rnsty-tomentose, usually many-flowered, axillary cymes
shorter than or equalling the leaves, very shortly pedicelhite, extenially rusty-
hairy ; bracteoles subulate. Sepals ovate or lanceolate. Petals ovate-lan-
ceolate or -subulate, rather fleshy, valvate. Disk annular, inconspicuous.
Filaments very short, broad and dilated around the ovary ; apex recurved.
Fruit-carpels 1^-2 in., elliptic-oblong, rctuse or obtuse, entire.

Upper Guinea. Mouth of the Niger, Mann ! (few-flowered form) Camaroons river,
Mann !

Lower Guinea. Prov, Golungo Alto and Cazengo, Angola, Br. Wehmlsch !

7. H. apiculata, IFe^w. mss. Climber with glabrous extremities.

Leaves coriaceous (thinly on flowering shoots), more or less broadly elliptical
or obovate-elliptical with an abrupt, very short, and scarcely acute acumen
or apiculus, occasionally i-ontided above, broadly cuneate or rounded at the
baSe, entire, glabrous, reticulation subprominent beneath, 3-4^ (-6) in. long,
l^-2|(-4) in. broad ; petiole \-\ in. Flowers greenish, rather large, \
in. long at expansion, in many-flowered, axillary, pedunculate, divaricate
cymes equalling the leaves or, at the extremities, forming leafless panicles of
4-6 in. Peduncles often unbranched to ly-2 in., ultimate branches and
flowers puberulous ; bracts minute, ovate, acute. Calyx-lobes triangular.
Petals linenr-lanceolate, puberulous on both sides, \ in. long, valvate. Ovary
raised upon a short thick gynophore and closely invested by the broadly
dilated bases of the filaments. A minute annular disk surrounds the base
of the gynophore. Ripe fruit not seen.

liower Guinea. Prov. Golungo Alto, Angola, Br. We!tcitsch !

8. H. myriantha, Oliv. A glabrous climber. Leaves coriaceous, from
obovate-cuneate broadly rounded or sid)truiicate above with or without a
short broad obtuse apiculus to elliptical broadly and obtusely pointed, cu-
neate at base, obscurely undulate-crenate or entire, glabrous, 2^-4^ in. long,
l\-2^ in. broad ; petiole | in. more or less. Flowers minute, extremely
numerous, in broad, terminal, cymose panicles or axillary pedunculate cymes
collected towards the extremities or exceeding the leaves. Flowers and pe-
dicels hoary-puberulous. Calyx-lobes minute, triangular. Petals oblong,
valvate. Anthers puberulous.' Ovary 3-lobed, with 5-6 ovules in each cell.
Stigma subsessile. Fniit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Nun river and Brass, Barter ! Bagroo river, Old Calabar, and Kongui
river, Mann !

The flowers and pedicels apparently abound in spiral vessels \\itli a tfnacious unrollable
fibre.

9. H. obtusifolia, Ruxb. ; DC. Prod. i. 569. A glabrous climber.
Leaves coriaceous, elliptical to oval-oblong, broadly rounded at the apex or

370 XLF. CELASTRACE^ (OLIVER). [Hippocvatea .

narrowed to an obtuse point, usually obtuse and rounded or broadly cuneate
at the base, more rarely subcordate, minutely or obsoletely sen-ulate, reticu-
lation subprominent, ly-4 in. long, f-2 in. broad ; petiole \-^ in. Flowers
5-6 lines in diam., in loose, many- or few-flowered, axillary, puberulous
cymes shorter than or rarely equalling the leaves, or sometimes on pendent
subcirrhose branches forming a loose panicle interrupted by long intemodes
and reduced leaves. Sepals ovate or ovate-rotundate. Petals much exceed-
ing the sepals, ovate-lanceolate or Innceolate, rather obtuse, glabrous within,
slightly imbricate. Ovary slightly raised upon a short thick disk, narrowed
into a subulate style, obovate-or oblanceolate-oblong, much compressed, 2-2 1-
in. long. Fruit-carpels much compressed, oblong-oblanceolate or obovate,
retuse or eraarginate. — H. Richardiana, Camb. ; ^Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i.
112. t. 26. ii. ScJiimperiana, Hochst. and Steud. in Kich. FL Abyss, i. 99.
t. 22.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Niger, Barter !

Nile laand. Abyssiuia, Schimper ! Capt.Pullen! Senega}, Perrotiet !
IiOT^er Guinea. Bumbo and Loanda, Angola, Lr. Welwitsch !
Also in India.

10. H. Kirkii, Oliv. Extremities terete, rusty tomentose-pubescent,
spreading nearly at right angles. Leaves small, rather coriaceous and shining
above, rather coarsely and strongly reticulate beneath when dry, elliptical
(often narrowly), obtuse cuneate or scarcely rounded at the base, obscurely
serrulate, more or less pubescent on the midrib above and beneath, at least
at first, f-1^ in. long, -|-f in. broad ; petiole pubescent, 1-1-|- lines. Axil-
lary cymes shorter than the leaves, pubescent ; patent peduncles |— | in.
Flowers \ in. in diam. Calyx-lobes ovate, pubescent, equal. Petals spread-
ing, ovate-lanceolate, acute, imbricate. Filaments distinct, recurved. Disk
cupuliform with a prominent margin. Ovary hairy. Fruit-carpels obovate-
oblong, compressed, very obtuse.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

11. H. velutina, ^/2<?Zm ; DC. Prod. i. 568. A climber, attaining
50 ft. Branches shortly rusty-tomentose. . Leaves elliptical or from oblong-
to rotundate-elliptical, broadly and shortly pointed obtuse or even broadly
rounded at the apex, base rounded or in the broad-leaved form sometimes
subcordate, entire, margin very narrowly revolute when dry, glabrous above
excepting on the rusty-hispid midrib, with scattered often substellate scabrid
hairs beneath especially on the principal veins, the rest at length giabrate,
2-4 in. long, l|-lf in. broad ; hairy petiole i in. Inflorescence rusty-
pubescent with divaricate peduncles, from the axils of and exceeding the
upper leaves or collected in a lax terminal panicle ; bracts oblong-lanceolate,
near \ in. Flowers rather large, about | in. in diam., pedicellate. Calyx
deeply 5-fid with ovate or oblong lobes. Petals rotundate, fimbriate at least
below, unguiculate. Outer disk dentate, adnate to the base of the petals.
Ovary densely hirsute. Fruit-carpels l|-2 in. long, thick or subterete, ob-
tuse, closely hispid-tomentose with a short rusty felt.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Kongui, Mami ! Gaboon, Mann !

Hippocratea^ XLi. celastrace.'e (oliver). 371

12. H. macrophylla, VaJd ; DC. Prod. i. 56S. A glabrous shrub.
Leaves rather large, more or less coriaceous, broadly elliptical, shortly and
acutely apiculnte, more or less broadly rounded at the base, obscurely un-
dulate-crenate or subentire, glabrous, principal lateral veins prominent be-
neath, 5-9 in. long, 25-4| in. broad ; petiole ^-f ' in. Cymes very laxly
forking, 5-6 in. long, with straight rather slender internodes. Flowers
large; pedicel of central flower of each fork \-^ in. Calyx-lobes broadly
rotundate. Petals 3-5 lines long, thin, broadly obovate, with the sides
much incurved at flowering. Disk broad with a free margin clothing the
base of the calyx. Anthers broadly transverse-oblong. Ovary half-im-
niersed. Fruit not known. — //. rotuyidifoUa , Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 279.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Smeathmaim ! Barter ! Dr. Kirk ! Old Calabar and

Gaboon, Mann !

This plant appears very nearly allied to a tropical American species {Cuerca, Triana's
mss. ; Hippocratea malpic/hifolia, Rudge ; DC. Prod. i. 5G8j, but in the absence of fruit
I cannot safely identify them.

13. H. graciliflora, Welw. mss. An extensive climber, wholly gla-
brous. Leaves membranous, turning black on drying, elliptical to oblong-
elliptical, subacutely or rather obtusely acuminate, cuneate at base, serrulate,
2-4 in. long, 1-ly i"- broad; petiole i-| in. Flowers greenish, in lax,
widely-divaricating, slender, axillary cymes, equalling or but little shorter
than the leaves; pedicels ^ in. more or less. Bracteoles very minute, tri-
angular-subulate. Sepals half-orbicular. Petals spreading, rotundate, ob-
soLetely unguiculate. Anthers much elongated transversely, forming an ap-
parently sessile triangular enclosure around the obtuse subsessile stigma.
Filaments very short and much dilated, closely investing the ovary. Ovules
apparently about 6 in each cell. Fruit unknown.

LoTver Guinea. Prov, Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. irdicitsch !

14. H. paniculata, Valil ; Guill. d Fcrr. FL Stntg. i. 111./. 25. A
glabrous climber. Leaves thinly coriaceous, rather large, elliptical or oblong-
lanceolate, shortly obtusely or subacutely pointed, more or less rounded at
base, rather distantly crenate-serrulate, glabrous, 3-7 in. long, 2-4^ in.
broad ; petiole about'-i- in. Flowers very small, whitish, in mimy-llowered,
glabrous, axillary cymes, equalling or shorter than the leaves, which are some-
times panicled towards the ends of the branches, singly subsessile or pedicels
equalling the flowers. Sepals roundish-ovate. Pt-tals broadly oblong or
orbicular. " ciliolate," imbricate in aestivation. " Anthers depresscd-rotun-
date, unilocular, dehiscing transversely." Ovules 5-6 in each cell of the
sessile ovary. " Fruit -carpels narrowed to the base, 4-6-seeded.'*

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottei ! Sierra Leone, Smeathmann ! (? Nigritania,
Barter .')

I have not seen an authentic specimen of thie plant. Were it not that the a\% of
Barter's plant are dabrous, I should not have hesitated to identify it vi\{\\ 11. paniculata, hi
described in the ' Flora Senegambia^.'

15. H. andongensiSy Wehc.mss. A slender climber, wholly glabrous,
Leaves firmlv membranous, elliptic-lanrco'ate, rather obtusely acuminate,

372 XLi. cELASTiiACEiE (oliver). \_mppocratea .

slightly rounded at base, serrulate, 1 J-2 in. long, f-1 in. broad ; petiole
ly-2 lines. Flowers yellowish, in axillary, shortly pedunculate, few-flowered
cymes of ^ in. or less ; pedicels equalling or shorter than the flower. Sepals
rotundate. Petals spreading, broadly elliptical or obovate, very obtuse.
Stamens inserted within a rather loose cup-shaped disk. Filaments linear,
recurved. Fruit not seen.

Iio-vrer Guinea. Prov. Puiigo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Wehvitsch I

Ifi. H. longipetiolata, Ollv. Wholly glabrous. Leaves rather coria-
ceous, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, usually obtusely pointed or shortly
acuminate, narrowed below into the long petiole, serrulate or serrate, nearly
entire towards the base, with 3-S principal laternl veins directed forward
on each side the midrib ; lamina 1-3 in. long, i-1 j in. broad ; petiole -|-f
in. ; the lowest pair of the lateral shoots occasionally linear, ^ in. broad.
Flowers in axillary divaricately dichotomous cymes shorter than the leaves ;
bracts minute, ovate, acute. Petals broadly- or obovate-elliptical, broadly
imbricate. Filnments short, much dilated below almost from the recurved
anther, extending but little above the glabrous ovary around which they are
closely counivent. Fruit-carpels coriaceous, obovate to obovate-lanceolate,
obtuse, 2-2^ in. long, f-li in. broad.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

6. SALACIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. i. 370.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 3. Anthers
variously 2-celled or -lobed ; cells distinct or confluent, or 1 -celled (4-locel-
late). Filaments usually inserted within or upon a disk. Ovary 3-celled ;
style very short or subulate ; stigma terminal ; ovules 2 or more in each cell.
Fruit baccate, undivided, 1-3-celled, 1- or several-seeded. — Shrubs or small
trees, sometimes scandent, glabrous. Leaves opposite or subopposite, coria-
ceous, subentire or serrulate. Flowei-s small, usually in axillary sessile or
very shortly pedunculate fascicles.

Another large tropical genus, common to both hemispheres. I have not identified any of
the African species with either Indian or American forms, unless it be 5. pritioides. The
species are difficult to discnminatn, and the following key is but a very imperfect aid to their
identification. Several are known from very imperfect material.

Anthers 2-lobed ; lobes distinct or convergent and sometimes confluent
above.

Leaves elliptical, subentire. Flowers in cymes of 4-f in« Petals

narrow-oblong. Filaments subulate, on thick disk . . . . . \. S. lucida.

Extremities with raised lines. Leaves elliptical, serrulate. Flowers

numerous, 1 line or less in bud, in pedunculate cymes .... 2. 5. ehyans.

Leaves elliptical, pointed. Pedicels 25-50. Buds oblong, 2 lines.

Petals oblong. Filaments subulate, on thick columnar disk . . 3. »S. macrocarpa.

Leaves oUong-elliptical, pointed. Pedicels often crowded. Anther-
cells distinct, divergent below 4. S. Senegal ensis.

].eaves strictly oblong, abruptly obtusely linear-acuminate. Pedicels

3-8. Petals ovate-elliptical 5. -S'. oblongifoUa.

Leaves large, very coriaceous, oblong-elliptical. Pedicels oo. Calyx-
lobes coriaceous with scarious margins. Anther-cells confluent
above G. S. ppiformis.

Salucia.] xli. CELASTitACii^ (oliver). 373

Leaves elliptical, shiuiii};, subentire. Pedicels few, rarely peduncu-
late. Anther-cells nearly confluent 7. 5. cornifulta.

Leaves elliptical, obtusely serrulate, shining and reticulate above.
Flowers few, rather large, buds 2 lines long and broad. Petals
elliptical 8. 5. chloranUut.

Leaves elliptical, subentire, obtuse. Pedicels 1-0. Filaments on

thick disk. Anther-cells subconfluent, divergent below . . . . 9. <5. prinoides.

Leaves elliptical, serrulate. Pedicels few-ao. Filaments narrow-
linear. Anthers rcuiform ; cells subconfluent 10. 5. cerasifera.

Anthers roundish or transversely oblong. (Comj)are 10. S. cerasifera.)

Pedicels very few. Filaments subulate, recurved over thick disk.

Petals elliptical 11. S. pallescens.

Pedicels 2-oo. Anthers nearly sessile. Petals orbicular, patent . 12. S. deti/is.

Pedicels few, slightly thickened above. Filaments short, linear.

Outer calyx-lobes thickened 13. .S'. Mannii.

Imperfectly known species, see p. 377.

1. S. lucida, Oliv. A climber, wholly glabrous. Extremities terete^
smooth. Leaves rather coriaceous, elliptical, shortly obtusely and often
rather abruptly acuminate, narrowed into the petiole, subentire or obscurely
serrulate above, the margin narrowly revolute when dry, shinino: above, re-
ticulation scarcely prominent, 2^-3^ in. long, l^-ll in. broad; petiole \-\
in. Flowers in very short, forking, bracteolate cymes not exceeding \-\ in.
in our specimen ; pedicels \ in. or less. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, inner
rather larger. Petals narrow-oblong. Filaments subulate, nearly as long as
the style, inserted upon a thick slightly raised disk supporting the tapering
ovary. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson !

2. S. eleganSy TFelw. mss. A glabrous climber. Extremities longitu-
dinally marked with 3-6 fine slightly raised or subulate lines ; punctate with
minute veiTucse. Leaves rather small, thinly coriaceous, elliptical, shortly
and obtusely acuminate, obtusely serrulate, shining above, Ij-S^ in. long,
f-li in. broad ; petiole channelled, ^ in. Flowers small, numerous, in
axillary, shortly pedunculate, cymose fascicles scarcely exceeding \-\ in. ;
pedicels slender, 2-3 Imes, umbellately fascicled or common peduncle shortly
divided. Buds 1 line or less. Calyx-lobes subequal, rotuudate. Petids
broadly oblong-elliptical, imbricate, at length recurved. Kilaments linear,
inserted within a small coiTugated disk ; anthers distinctly 2-celled, dehiscing
longitudinally. Fruit not seen.

liower Quinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

3. S. macrocarpa, fFelw. mss. A glabrous cliiuber with verruculose
extremities. Leaves subopposite, thinly coriaceous, elliptical to oblong-
elliptical, broadly and usually shortly pointed or acuminate, cuneate or slightly
rounded at the base, serrulate, reticulation subprominent, 3-6 in. long, 1-3
in. broad ; petiole \ in. more or less, channelled above. Flowers rather large
in many-flowered (2.5-50), axillary, radiating fascicles; -pedicels slender, -.J -J
in., from a short or obsolete common peduncle. Buds oblong, 2 lines long.
Calyx-lobes unequal, inner rotundate. Fetals oblong, imbricate, at length

374 xLi. CELASTRACE^ (oliver). [Salacitt.

reflexed. Stamens and ovary raised upon a sliort thick columnar disk, Fila-
ments subulate, 1 line long; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally.
Fruit many-seeded, " the size of a goose's egg."

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson !

Ijower Guinea. Puugo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Wehoitsch!

4. S. senegalensis, DC. Prod. i. 570. A glabrous shrub; the extre-
mities usually verruculose,. Avith minute simple or lobed warts. Leaves (dry-
ing reddish-brown, paler beneath) rather coriaceous, oblong-elliptical, shortly
and obtusely pointed or acuminate, rounded or cuneate at base, obtusely and
often obscurely serrulate or subentire, shining above, 2 1-4^ in. long, 1-lf in.
broad ; petiole channelled above, -^-| in. Flowers in axillary sessile fascicles,
often rather crowded ; pedicels 3-5 lines, rather slender and not thickened
upwards. Calyx-lobes ovate to rotundate ; the'outer smaller. Petals ovate-
elliptical, imbricate. Filaments from the short thick disk surrounding the
base of the sessile ovary, subulate, at length recurved, nearly as long as the
style; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally; the lobes slightly diver-
gent below. Fruit in our specimen (probably immature) broadly ellipsoidal,
1-li in. long.— Fl. Senegamb. i. 113. t. 27/ S. affinis. Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit.
281.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perroitet I Sierra. Jjeone, Jfzelius ! T. Vogel! Whitfield!
and others ; Bagroo river, Mann !
Iiower Guinea. Congo, Smith ?

5. S. oblongifolia, OZ/;;. Wholly glabrous. Leaves rather coriaceous,
strictly oblong or occasionally slightly broader above the middle, rather
abruptly naiTOwed into a linear obtuse acumen, base cuneate, finely serrulate,
rather paler beneath and midrib rather prominent, reticulation scarcely pio-
minent, 2-2^ in. long (including the acumen of \-\ in.), -|-1 in. broad.
Flowers in axillary fascicles of 3 or 4-8, from a very short (1-2 lines) or ob-
solete common peduncle; pedicels rather stout, usually diverging, ,-|-|- in.
long. Buds oblong, obtuse, 2 lines long. Calyx minute, with ovate-rotun-
date subequal lobes. Petals ovate-elliptical, broadly imbricate. Stamens
and ovary raised upon a thick distinct columnar disk; anthers 2-celled,
elliptic-cordate and as long as the filament before expansion. Ovary taper-
ing into the style, which equals the stamens. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon river, Mann !

6. S. pyriformis, PTalp, Rep. i. 402. A shrub or small tree, wholly
glabrous. Leaves large, very coriaceous, oblong-elliptical (often broadly),
usually shortly and obtusely, often abruptly, cuspidate, more or less rounded
or broadly cuneate at base, usually entire or undulate, 3-8 in. long, lf-4^
in. broad ; petiole |^—|- in.; midrib prominent beneath, lateral nerves and
reticulation subpro^m incut. Flowers in axillary, several- or many-flowered,
sessile fascicles, equalling the petioles. Calyx-lobes rotundate, coriaceous,
with scarious margins ; the inner larger. Petals orbicular, coriaceous. Fila-
ments short, revolute, broadly dilated below, inserted upon a very short thick
disk surrounding the base of the ovary; anthers 2-celled; the cells nearly
confluent above, broadly divergent below. The fruit is described as pyri-
form and obtusely 3-gonus. — Calypso pyri/or mis, Don, Gard. Diet. i. 629.

Salacia.] XLI. celastkack.k (olivkk). 375

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, l)u/i ! Seuegambia ! river Caraaroous and Old Cala-
bar, Mann !

Var. obtusa. Leaves very obtuse or retuse.
Mozaxnb. Distr. Shupaiiga, Zambesi, Dr. Kirk!

S. elovgata. Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 282, from the very fragmentary specimen in the Hwba-
rium of the British Museum (St. Thomas, Don /), I take to be a form of S. jnjriformts,
with the leaves narrowed to the petiole.

7. S. cornifolia, Hook.f. FL Nip-it. 281. Wholly glabrous. Loaves
coriaceous, elliptical or oblono:-elliptical, usually shortly and obtusely acumi-
nate, broadly cuneate or rounded at base, entire obsolctcly sc^rrulate or un-
dulate, shining above, reticulation scarcely prominent beneath, 3-4(-C) in.
long, l|-2(-3) in. broad; petiole |-| in. Flowers small, globose or ovoid
in bud, in few-flowered axillary fascicles or very shortly pedunculate subum-
bellate cymes; pedicels |-^ in. Calyx-lobes rotundate or ovate; outer
smaller. Petals rotundate. Anthers horseshoe-shaped, dehiscing longitudi-
nally, the lobes nearly or quite confluent at the apex ; filaments from within
a thickened disk. Young fruit pyriform.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, T. Vogel ! Gaboon river, Mann !

Var. crassisepala. Sepals much thickened. Disk cupuliform. Pedicels borne on a
short, stout, common peduncle. Perhaps a distinct species.
Old Calabar river, Mann !

8. S. chlorantha^ Oliv. A glabrous "twining shrub." Leaves coria-
ceous, shining and reticulate above, elliptical, shortly and obtusely cuspidate,
broadly cuneate or rounded at the base, obtusely serrulate, 3-3y in. long,
li-lf- in. broad; petiole channelled above, \ in. Flowers in few-flowered
axillary fascicles, from an obsolete common peduncle, rather large, "green,
fragrant," about 2 lines long and broad before expansion. Pedicels slightly
thickened upwards, \-\ in. Outer calyx-lobes distinctly smaller, ovate ;
inner rotundate. Petals broadly imbricate, elliptical. Stamens and ovary
raised upon a very short columnar disk ; anthers 2-celled, the lobes nearly
parallel or but slightly divergent below.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Niger, Barter!
Described from a single small specimen.

9. S. prinoides, DC. Prod. i. 571 ? Wholly glabrous. Leaves coria-
ceous, elliptical or oval-elliptical, obtuse, with or without a short broad cusp
or somewhat narrowed to the obtuse apex, base from broadly rounded to
cuneate, entire or obscurely serrulate, paler beneath, with but slightly promi-
nent venation, 2-3|- in. long, -|-2^ in. broad ; petiole |-^ in. Axillnr)'
sessile fascicles 1-6-flowered; pedicels equalling or shorter than the petiole.
Calyx-lobes ovate-rotundate. Petals ovate or elliptical, obtuse. Stamens
inserted upon a short, thick, raised, fleshy disk; filaments dilated below,
at length recurved ; anthers 2-ceUed, lobes divergent below, nearly confluent
above. I have not seen ripe fruit.

Upper Guinea. Grand Bassa, T. Vogel !

S. prinoides is widely spread in India. The only African specimcng which I have %ctn
are too imperfect to warrant positive identification with the Indian plant, but there \i not nt
present any ground of specific distinction.

376 XLI. CELASTRACEvE (oLIVER). [Salacia.

10. S. cerasifera, Welw. mss. An extensively climbing, wholly gla-
brous sbrrub. Extremities marked with faint decurrent lines or ridges.
Leaves coriaceous, ratlier large, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, obtusely acumi-
nate, more or less broadly cuneatc at base, serrulate, shining above. 2^-6 iu.
long, 1^2|- in. broad ; petiole slightly grooved above, \-^ in. Flowers in
axillary, sessile, several- or many-flowered fascicles, greenish-yellow. Calyx-
lobes rotundate, very obtuse. Petals oblong-elliptical. Filaments narrow-
linear, inserted upon a broad, short, thick gynophore ; anthers reniforra ;
cells nearly or quite confluent. Fruit cheri-y-like, deep orange, {Dr. Wd-
witsch) .

I«ower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, D?-. WelwUsch ! (? Old Calabar, ifcfa//;« / )
Allied to S. piriformis ; differing iu its uairow filaments, serrulate leaves, and fruit.

11. S. pallescenSy OUv. Wholly glabrous. Extremities terete or
slightly flattened below the internodes, green, smooth. Leaves pale when
dry, thinly coriaceous, oblong-elliptical, narrowed to each end, obtusely
pointed, serralate, reticulation subprominent beneath, 3|— 6 in. long, 1-|— 2^
ill. broad ; petiole \-^ in., dilated above into the lamina. Flowers in small,
few-flowered, axillary, sessile fascicles ; pedicels ■^— i- in. long in fruit. Inner
calyx-lobes considerably larger, rotundate. Petals spreading, elliptical. Fila-
ments subulate or narrow-linear, at length recurved over the thick annular
cushion-like disk. Anthers minute, transversely elliptical, dehiscing trans-
versely, " 1-celled." Ovary conical, tapering into the sliort style. Young
fruit obovoid.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Niger, Barter !

12. S. debilisy W^alp. Rep. i. 402. Wholly glabrous, with smooth ex-
tremities. Leaves rather coriaceous, oblong-elliptical or elliptical, obtusely
acuminate or cuspidate, base usually narrowed obtuse or eraarginate, rather
distantly and obscurely serrulate, midrib and principal lateral veins rather
prominent beneath, lf-4|- in. long, f -If in. broad ; petiole very short, sinu-
ously channelled, 1-|~2 lines long. Flowers small, in axillary fascicles of
2-5 or more on slender erect pedicels, |~1^ in. long. Calyx rather fleshy ;
lobes, at least the inner, rotundate. Petals orbicular, patent. Disk shallow,
pentagonal, with a slightly prominent margin. Anthers nearly sessile, mi-
nute, transversely oval, " 1-celled." — Calypso debilis, Don, Gard. Diet. i. 629.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don ; Senegambia ! Fernando Po, Mann !

13. S. Mannii, OUv. A slirub of 15-20 ft. {Maun), wholly glabrous.
Leaves rather coriaceous, oblong-elliptical to oblanceolate-oval or oval, ob-
tusely or rather acutely acuminate, more or less cuneate or scarcely rounded
at the base, faintly serrulate, paler beneath with obscure reticulation, 3-6
in. long, 1|-2| in. broad; petiole slightly channelled above, 1-2 lines.
Flowers small, in axillary few-flowered fascicles ; common peduncle usually
obsolete ; pedicels slightly thickened upwards, \-\ in. long. Outer calyx-
lobes rather thick ovate obtuse ; inner rotundate. Petals spreading, obliquely
elliptical. Disk inconspicuous. Filaments short, linear, flattened ; anthers
rotundate, dehiscing transversely. Ovary half-immersed. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Fernaado Po, Mann .' Barter !

Salacia.] XLi. celastkaci:^ (olivkk). 377

IMPEKFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

14. S. rufescens, llook.f. Fl. Nigrit. 283. The only specimen whidi
I have seen is scarcely sufficient for examination. It is not identifiabU- with
any other. Ghibrous with verruculose Ijark. Leaves coriaceous, reddisii
when dry, oblong-elliptical to oblanceolate, obtusely acun)inatc, narrowed to
a cuneate base, distantly and obscurely denticulate, coarser reticulation sub-
prominent beneath, 2-3 in. long-, f-l^- in. broad ; petiole 1-2 lines. Flowers
1 or 2 in an axil, on short simple pedicels. "Calyx-lobes roundish; petals
shortly clawed. Disk flat, ample. Filaments very short ; anthers transversely
elongate, cylindrical."

Upper Guinea, bierra Leone, T. Vogel !

15. S. erecta, Walp. Rep. i. 402. I have not seen flowering spccinuns.
Our specimens in leaf and fruit are glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or oblotig-
elliptical, obtusely acuminate, rounded or narrowed to tiie base, rf^gidarly
serrulate, with subprominent reticulation beneath, 1^-3 in. long, v-1 in.
broad ; petiole 1-2 lines. F^ruit subscssile or very shortly stalked, subglo-
bose. — Oahjpso erecta, Don, Gard. Diet. i. (J29.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don ! Barter !
Iiower Guinea. Ambaca, Angola, Br. Weltoitsch!

16. S. Ducis-Wurtembergiae, Iluchst. in Flora, 1844, 307 (odno/.).
Shrub. Branches subterete, with ashen bark. Leaves bbovate, obtusely serrate,
narrowed at the base into a short petiole, coriaceous, glabrous, copiously reti-
culate especially beneath. Axillary panicles diehotomous, six times shorter
than the leaves.

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Scnnar.
Unknown to me.

S. afncana, DC. Prod. i. 570 {Tonsella, Willd. Sp. PI. i. 194), described as with " Leaves
obtuse, sparingly glandulosc-deiiticulate ; anthers sessile," I have no means of identifying

Oeder XLII. RHAMNE^ (by Mr. W. B. Hemsley).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx campanulate urreo-
late or cylindrical; the tube generally more or less unitid with the ovary or
disk and persistent ; limb 5-lobed ; lobes valvate, deciduous or rarely per-
sistent, often with a raised line or keel down the middle internally. Petals
4 or 5, hood-shaped or involute, often enclosing the stamens, inserted on the
throat of the calyx and alternating with its lobes, rarely absent. J>tamens 4
or 5, opposite the petals when the latter are present ; filaments filiform, rarely
dilated ; anthers small, 2-celled or rarely with the 2 cells confluent, (riclosed
in the petals or rarely protruding beyond them. Disk larije, fleshy, filling
the calyx-tube, annidar or cup-shaped and free or lining the calyx-tube, entire
or lobed, glabrous or tomentose. Ovary sessile, free or ind)ed(led in the disk,
superior or more or less adherent to the calyx-tube, 2-, 3- or 4-celled ; style
short, entire or divided into as nuiny lobes as ovary-cells; stigmas terminal,

378 XLII. RHAMNE^ (hEMSLEY).

capitate or club-shaped. Ovules solitary, erect, anatropous ; raphe dorsal or
rarely lateral. Fruit a drupe or capsule, 1-4-celled, with the persistent
calyx-tub'e forming a ring at the base or more or less covering it, separating
from the axis into as many cocci as cells or inseparable. Seeds solitary,
erect, ovoid, angular or compressed, often arillate ; testa coriaceous, crusta-
ceous or membranous, often shining ; albumen fleshy or horny, often thin,
very rarely none. Embryo orthotropous, with thick, flat or plano-convex coty-
ledons, and a short inferior radicle. — Shrubs or trees, erect or climbipg, often
spiny, rarely cirrhose. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, entire or toothed ;
stipules small and deciduous or spinose and persistent. Mowers small, green
or yellow, generally arranged in axillary cymes, seldom terminal and race-
mose or paniculate.

A rather extensive family, represented throughout the temperate and tropical regions of
the whole world. Of the eight tropical African genera, six have a wide range both in the
Old and New World ; one, Helinus, is confined to Africa and India, and the anomalous
genus Lasiodiscus is endemic. The Order is geuerally readily distinguished from its allies
by the valvate sepals, stamens opposite the petals, and drupaceous or capsular, not baccate
fruit.

Leaves alternate.

Ovary superior or half- inferior.
Leaves 3-5-nerved from the base.

Drupe 1-3-celled, fleshy. Stipules usually spinescent ... 2. Zizyphus.
Drupe dry, separating into 3-cocci. Stipules deciduous ... 5. Colubrina.
Leaves penninerved.

Drupe oblong, 2-celled. Ovary immersed in the disk ... 3. Beuchemia.
Drupe spherical, with 2-4 pyrenes, 2-4-celled ovary seated on

the disk. Disk thin 4. Rhamnus.

Nut 1-celled, produced upwards into an oblong wing. Ovary

immersed in the disk • 1. Vkntilago.

Ovary inferior.

Fruit 3-winged. Flowers racemose . . " 6, Gouania.

Fruit globular. Flowers umbellate 7. Helinus.

Leaves opposite, with interpetiolar stipules. Ovary half-inferior . . 8. Lasiodiscus.

1. VENTILAGO, Giertn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 375.

Calyx 5-lobed ; lobes spreading. Petals 5 or 0, obcordate or 2-lobed,
hood-shaped. Stamens 5, adnate to the base of the petals and scarcely ex-
ceeding them when present; filaments very short, filiform ; connective often
prolonged. Disk obscurely 5-lobed or angled, glabrous or pubescent. Ovary
globular, immersed in the disk, 2-celled ; style very short, 2-fid. Nut glo-
bular, more or less included in the calyx-tube, produced upwards into an ob-
long or linear coriaceous wing, 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehiscent. Seed glo-
bular ; testa membranous ; albumen 0. Cotyledons thick and fleshy ; radicle
very short, inferior. — Climbing, glabrous or pubescent shrubs or trees. Leaves
alternate, penninerved. Stipules minute, deciduous. Flowers small, pedi-
cellate, clustered in terminal or axillary panicles.

A genus of about 10 species, confined to the tropical regions of the Old World.

1. V, leiocarpa, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. \. 11. A glai)rous, climb-
ing shrub or small tree. Leaves shortly petiolate, from ovate to oblong,

I

Ventilago.'] XLii. rhamnejb (hemsley). 379

acuminate obtuse or acute, obscurely crenate-serrate, slightly undulate, 2-3
in. long, shining above ; petioles pubescent. Flowers minute, pubescent, in
axillary clusters ; the upper ones sometimes forming a short leafless, simple
panicle or raceme; the pedicels about a line long. Nut 2 or 3 lines in
diam., adherent calyx-tube reaching about the middle ; terminal wing smooth
and shining, 1^-2 in. long and about 4 lines broad.— T. macleraspaiana,
Benth. in Kew Jouni. Bot. iii. 42, not of Gaertn. Celastrus di/Tusua, Don,
Gard. Diet. ii. 6.

Upper Guinea. (In flower), St. Thomas, Dun ! (in fnut), P:i)pah. Barter !
I do not feel quite satisfied of the identity of the two patheriu^cs above noted.
This species also occurs in iMalacca, Hongkong, and New Caledonia.

2. ZIZYPHUS, Juss. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 375.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx-tube broadly obcouical ;
limb 5-lobed; lobes triangular-ovate, acute, spreading, keeled inside. Petals
5, rarely 0, hood-shaped, incurved. Disk flat, pentagonal, often with 10 de-
pressions ; margin free. Stamens 5, included in the petals or exceeding
them; filaments subulate ; anthers 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Ovary
immersed in the disk and adnate to its base, 2-, rarely 3- or 4-celled. Styles
2, diverging or combined ; stigmas papillose. Drupe fleshy, globose or ob-
long ; putamen woody or horny, 1-3-celled, 1-3-seeded. Seeds plano-con-
vex ; testa thin, brittle, smooth and shining ; albumen 0 or very little. Coty-
ledons thick; radicle short. — Shrubs or trees, often decumbent or creeping
and furnished with sharp, curved or straight spines. Leaves alternate, petio-
late, 3-5-nerved from the base, entire or crenate, coriaceous. Stipules either
1 or rarely both spinescent, deciduous. Flowers small, greenish, in small,
axillary cymes. Fmit often edible.

A genus of about 50 species, scattered over the tropics and subtropics, chiefly in Asia and
America, a few extending to the Pacific islands and Australia.
Leaves glabrous above, beneath as well as the young branches with

a dense ferruginous or grey tomentum, very rarely almost glabrous.

Disk with 10, more or less distinct, cavities 1. Z.jujuba.

Leaves nearly or quite glabrous. Young branches pubescent. Disk

uniformly pubescent or glabrous 2. Z. mucroHata.

Leaves pale, glaucous, greeu, glabrous, except when quite young.

Branches drooping, glabrous ; bark white, shining. Disk with a

fringe of hairs around the base of the style S. Z. Spina CAriiti.

1. Z. jujuba, Lam. ; DC. Prod. ii. 21. A loosely branched tree or
shrub, 10-40 ft. high, rarely, in arid places trailing, with very much reduced
leaves, with or without stipulary prickles. Leaves petiolate, 1-5 in. long,
ovate oblong or nearly orbicular, obtuse or acute at the apex, obtuse or rarely
slightly narrowed and equal or unequal at the base, serrulate, glabrous above,
beneath as well as the petioles young branches and flowers with a dense,
short, ferruginous or nearly white tomentum, very rarely almost glabrous.
Stipules spinescent, one or both recurved, rarely absent. Cymes subsessile
or shortly pedunculate, 10-30-flowered. Disk more or less distinctly 10-
foveolate. Ovary 2-celled ; styles short, united to the middle ; stigmatic
lobes erect. Drupe spherical about 1^ in. in diam., 2- or, by abortion, 1-
cftUed. — Z. abyssinkus, Hochst. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 136. Z. rylojjyrua,

380 XLII. RHAMNE^ (HEMSLEY). {ZlzypluiS.

Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss, (not of Willd.). Z. orthacantha, DC. Prod. ii.
21. (ex descr.).

XTpper Guinea. Nigritania, Barter ! Mann !

laOTver Guinea. Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

Mozaxnb. Distr. Mozambique, Dr. Peters I Zambesi, Brs. Kirk and Meller !

This is an extremely variable species, and presents considerable difficulty in defining its
limits. Two widely different forms occur, which, without the connecting links, would never
be taken for the same species. One, Z. abyssinicus, Hochst., with broadly ovate acute
leaves, very oblique at the base, and 2-5 in. long ; the other, the ordinary Z. jnjuba, with
oblong or orbicular, very obtuse leaves, usually nearly equal at the base ; but the numerous
intermediate forms will not even admit of their being distinguished as permanent varieties.
Besides these two forms, there is the cultivated state from W. Africa, where it is used for
hedges and periodically topped, which is much more densely branched, the leaves smaller
and the stipular prickles very abundantly developed. In sterile places and on the coast the
leaves are smaller and the prickles more numerous.

Also in Madagascar, Australia, tropical Asia, etc. ; it is extensively cultivated for its
fruit.

2. Z. mucronata, JFilld. ; Harv. et Sond. Fl. Gap. i. 475. (With
the synonyms adduced.) A tree of 20-30 ft., or sometimes shrubby, with
zigzag branches, with or without stipular prickles. Young branches, petioles,
and inflorescence rusty puberulous pubescent or almost glabrous. Leaves
petiolate, broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, acuminate acute or obtuse, mucro-
nate, equal or unequal at the base, 1^3 in. long, crenate-serrate, with a few
scattered hairs beneath principally on the veins or quite glabrous. Stipules
spinescent, 1 straight the other recurved, or 1 or both wanting (on some
branches), or reduced and deciduous. Cymes axillary, about the length of
the petioles, 10-20-flowered Calyx pubescent or glabrous; lobes ncute.
Ovary 2-celled. Styles recurved. Drupe 2-celled, 6-8 lines in diam.,
bright red.— ^. Baclei, DC. Prod. ii. 20 ; Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 145.
t. 37. Z. mitis. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 137.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter ! Attah, T. Vogel !
Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Petit ; Sennar, Cienkowski.
Iiower Guinea. Huilla and Pungo Andongo, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !
Mozamb. Distr. Shire river, Brs. Kirk and Meller !

The species is confined to Africa, ranging through the tropics to the Cape, where it is
abundant.

3. Z. Spina-Christi, Willd. ; DC. Prod. ii. 20. A tree or shrub with
white long flexuose or short intricate branches. Leaves ovate ovate-oblong or
lanceolate, obtuse or acute, often mucronate, equal at the base, crenate-serrate,
1-3 in. long, glabrous or slightly pubescent beneath when young especially
along the veins ; petioles ^-1 in. long ; stipular prickles when present short,
both or 1 only recurved. Cymes pubescent, few- or many-flowered, sessile
or on peduncles from a line to an inch or more in length. Flowers large for
the genus. Calyx densely pubescent. Disk large, furnished with a fringe
of hairs around the base of the styles. Styles united above the middle and
then spreading, not recurved. Drupe 2-celled, large, fleshy, spherical.

Upper Guinea. Senega mbia ! Nigcp, Barter !

North Central. Kouka, E. Vogel !

Nile Land. Nubia (Webb, Frag. Fl. ^ihiop.), Abyssiuia, Scliimper ! and others.

Zizi/phuS."] XLTT. KHAMNEiE (HEMSLEY). 381

We have what appears to be a fourth species from Congo, Smith, and Tette, Kirk, but
only in young fruit and insufficient for description. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, re-
motely toothed, glabrous or slightly pubescent beneath, immature fruit, obovate. We have
also a fragment of another very distinct species from the Zambesi Expedition, with leaves
strongly 3-nerved and tomeutose on both sides. Both are destitute of stipulary spines.

3. BERCHEMIA, Neck. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. i. 377.

C;ilyx-tul)e short, hemispherical or turbinate, 5-lobe(l ; lobes ovate, acute,
spreading, with a raised line inside. Petals 5, obovate or Innceoh'ite, hood-
shaped. Stamens 5, equalling the petals ; anthers large ; filaments filiform.
Disk clothing the calyx-tube, margin free. Ovary immersed in the disk, free,
ovoid, 2-celled, attenuated into a 2-fid style ; stigmas terminal, obtuse.
Drupe oblong, obtuse or acute; putamen crustaceous or woody, 2-celled.
Seeds linear-oblong; testa membranous ; raphe lateral; albumen fleshy.
Cotyledons narrow-oblong ; radicle short. — Trees or shrubs, climbing or
erect. Leaves alternate or subopposite, petiolate, ovate or oblong, obtuse or
acute, coriaceous, penninerved, glaucous beneath. Stipules small, deciduous.
Flowers small, sometimes polygamous, axillary and aiTanged along the
spreading branches of terminal panicles, sessile or pedicellate, solitary or
clustered. Drupes black, purple or yellow.

A genus of about 10 species from N. India, China, Java, Africa, and N. .\merica.

1. B. discolor, Hemsl. A siirub or small tree, glabrous in all its parts.
Leaves alternate or subopposite, petiolate, ovate ovate-elliptical or lanceolate,
obtuse or acute, sometimes slightly unequal at the base, 1-2^ in. long, entire
or obscurely erenate, subcoriaceous, glaucous beneath, shining above, lateral
nerves conspicuous. Stipules very deciduous. Cymes axillary, sessile or
shortly pedunculate, 6-10-flowered ; pedicels 2-3 lines long. Drupe large,
fleshy^ yellow, 6-8 lines long and 2-3 in. in diam., 2-celled, 2-seeded. —
Scutia]dlscolor, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 110. t. 21.

Mozamb. Distr. Senna, Dr. Feters (in flower only) ; Tette, Dr. Kirk ! " Wood
resinous, fruit edible," Kirk.

Confined, as far as at present known, to the E. coast of Africa.

This differs from all previously described species of the genus in its axillary inflorescence
and larger fruits.

We have what appears to be the same plant from Natal, Gerrard.

4. RHAMNUS, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 377.

Flowers hermaphrodit or polygamously dioecious. Calyx-tube urceolnte;
limb 4-5-lobed ; lobes triangular-ovate, erect or spreading, keeled inside.
Petals 4, 5 or none, inserted on the margin of the calyx-tube considerably
above the ovary, hood-shaped or flat. Stamens 4 or 5, with very short fila-
ments. Disk clothing the calyx-tube, margin tliin. Ovary free, ovoid, 3- or
4-celled. Styles 3 or 4 ; stigmas obtuse, papillose. Drupe baccate, globose
or oblong, encircled at the base by the calyx-tube, with 2-4 pyrcnes ; pyrenes
horny or cartilaginous, dehiscing inwardly or indehiscent. Seeds obovate;
testa membranous or crustaceous, smooth or furrowed at the b;irk ; rnpln-

382 xLii. KHAMNE^ (hemsley). [Rhamitus.

dorsal, ventral or lateral ; albumen fleshy. Cotyledons flat or with recurved
margins, thin ; radicle short. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or subop-
posite, petiolate, deciduous or evergreen, penninerved, entire or dentate. Sti-
pules small, deciduous. Flowers axillary, racemose or cymose.

A genus of about 50 species, chiefly from the temperate and warmer parts of Europe,
Asia, and America, rarer in the tropics.

Unarmed.

Leaves ovate lanceolate or oblong, acutely acuminate. Flowers 5- .

merous, pedicellate 1. R. prinoides.

Spinescent.
Leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, rarely acute. Flowers 4-merous, pe-
dicellate 2. R. Sladdo.

Leaves oval acute or obtuse. Flowers 5 -merous, subsessile . . . . Z. R. spiciflorus.

1 . R. prinoides, VHer'it. ; DC. Prod. ii. 24. A shrub or small tree,
glabrous or young branches slightly puberulous. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
varying from elliptical to ovate lanceolate or oblong, acutely acuminate, ob-
tuse or narrowed to the base, serrate, 2^ in. long, coriaceous, shining above.
Flowers 5-merous, 2-4 together in the axils of the leaves; pedicels 4-6
lines long. Berry globular, 2-3 lines in diam., w^ith 3 or 4 1-seeded
pyrenes. — Sert. Angl. 6. t. 9. R. pauciflorus, Hochst. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i.
137.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! and others.

Confined to E. and S. Africa, and very abundant in extratropical S. Africa, but we have
seen no specimens from the intermediate country.

2. R. Staddo, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 138. Usually a small shrub, but
sometimes attaining the dimensions of a tree. Branches tiiick, black, gla-
brous, terminating in spines. Leaves crowded, alternate, petiolate, obovate
or oblong, obtuse rarely acute, narrowed at the base, membranous, crenate,
glabrescent, about an inch long. Flowers spicate, glabrous, 4-merous, pe-
dicellate, on short, thick, lateral, scaly branches. Calyx -lobes somewhat
oval, acute, 3-nerved. Petals small, linear. Ovary 3-celled; stigmas 3.
(Description from Richard.) — R. infusionum, Ferr. et Galin. Vov. Abyss,
iii. 111.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia ! At an elevation of about 8000 ft.
We have only seen a barren branch. Endemic iuAfrica.

3. R. spiciflorus. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 138. A shrub with long,
twiggy, pubescent branches, terminating in spines, bark greyish. Leaves
alternate or subopposite, very shortly petiolate, oval, acute or obtuse, coria-
ceous, entire, 5-8 lines long and 4-8 broad. Flowers small, 5-merous,
axillary solitary or in short spikes. Calyx-lobes oval, subacute. Fruit
subglobose, the size of a pea, obtuse, with 3 pyrenes. (Description from
Richard.)

Nile Land. Abyssiuia.

Endemic, in Africa. We have seen no specimens. This and the preceding one are im-
perfectly known and probably varieties of one species.

XLII. RHAMNE^ (hEMSLEY). 383

5. COLUBRINA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. VI. i. 379.

Calyx-tube hemispherical ; limb 5-cleft ; lobes spreading, triangular. Pe-
tals 5, clawed, inserted below the disk, hood-shaped. Stamens 5, included
in the petals ; filaments filiform ; anthers ovale, 2-celled. Disk fleshy, filling
the calyx-tube. Ovary immersed in the disk and adhering to it, *3-celled,
taperiug into a 3-lobed style with obtuse stigmas. Capsdle nearly globular,
slightly 3-lobed, dehiscing septicidally into 3 membranous or crustaceous
cocci. Epicarp dry and thin or succulent, the persistent calyx-tube cov^ing
about one-third of its length. Seeds obovoid, compressed, 3-gonous ; testa
smooth, shining, coriaceous ; albumen fleshy, thin. Cotyledons flat or in-
curved.— Scandent or erect shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, 3-nerved at
the base or penninerved. Stipules small, deciduous. Flowers small, in
axillary clusters.

A genus of about 10 species, 9 of which are coufined to America and the other one to
the tropics of the Old "World.

L C. asiatica^ Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. x. 369. An erect glabrous
shrub or small tree with long, unarmed, slender branches. Leaves petiolatc,
ovate or broadly cordate, abruptly acuminate or gradually narrowed acute or
obtuse, rotundate or subcordate at the base, 2-3 in. long, crenate-serrate, 3-
nerved at the base, penninerved upwards, glabrous and shining. Flowers
small, green, in shortly pedunculate axillary cymes about the length of the
petiole. Fruit 3-4 lines in diam., slightly depressed at the top, furrowed
opposite the dissepiments, dehiscing into 3 or rarely 4 cocci.

Mozaxnb. Distr. Rovuma river, Br. Meller ! mouth of the Zambesi, Dr. A'lri- /
Also south of the tropic at Delagoa Bay, Forbes !

Common throughout tropical Asia, extending to the Philippine Islands and tropical Aus-
tralia.

6. GOUANIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 385.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx-tube short, obeonic, adhering to the ovar)' ;
limb 5-lobed. Petals 5, hood-shaped or flat, inserted below the margin of
the disk. Stamens 5, included under the petals or exceeding them ; anthers
dehiscing longitudinally. Disk^ glabrous or hairy, epigynous, filling the
calyx-tube, 5-angled or lobed. Ovary immersed in the disk, 3-cellcd. Style
3-partite or -lobed ; stigmas small. Fruit coriaceous, quite inferior, crowned
by the persistent calyx-lobes, 3-wingcd, 3-coccous ; cocci woody, indehiscent,
separating from the 6-partite axis ; wings large, rotundate. Seeds obovate,
plano-convex; testa horny, shining ; albumen thin. Cotyledons rotundate,
broad, radicle veiy short^ — Tall, climbing, cirrhose shrubs, glaucous or to-
mentose. Branches slender, elongate. Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or
dentate, 3-nerved from the base or penninerved. Stipules oblong or lanceo-
late, deciduous. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary racemes, rachis often
passing into tendrils.

1. G. longipetala, Hemsl. A climbing shrub with terete glabrous

384 XLii. RHAMNE^ (hemsley). [Gouanio,

branclies. Leaves pemiinerved, ovate, acuminate acute, obtuse or slightly
cordate at' base, 2-3 in. long, entire towards the base crenate- dentate up-
wards, glabrous ; petioles -|— 1 in. long, glabrescent. Mowers in interrupted
racemes terminating the lateral branches ; rachis stout as well as the pedicels,
clothed with a dense ferruginous tomentum. Calyx glabrous or with a few
scattered hairs; lobes brown, triangular, keeled on the inside, incurved in
aestivation. Petals (at least in the male flowers) double the length of the
calyx- lobes, white, spathulate, with the margins involute enclosing the fila-
ments; anthers projecting beyond their tips. Emit glabrous; wings 4-6
lines broad.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po and river Kongui, Mann ! (in flower).

Mozaxub. Distr. Shupanga, Br. Kirk ! (in fruit).

The species as above characterized is confined to tropical Africa, but it is closely allied to
G. leptostachys, DC, an Asiatic species, and G. domingensis^ DC, and may eventually have
to be united with one or both. It differs principally in its relatively much longer petals
with the anthers projecting beyond their tips.

7. HELIWUS, E. Mey. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 385.

Calyx'tube broadly obconical, adnate to the ovary ; limb 5-lobed, spread-
ing. Petals 5, hood-shaped, inserted on the margin of the disk. Stamens
5, about the same length as the petals ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitu-
dinally. Disk flat, filling the calvx-tube. Ovary 3-celled. Styles short,
united at the base ; lobes spreading or erect. Fruit wholly inferior, obo-
vate or globose, hollowed at the top, 3-coccous ; cocci crustaceous, at length
separating from the 3-partite axis. Seeds plano-convex ; testa coriaceous,
shining ; albumen fleshy. Cotyledons large, flat ; radicle short, inferior. —
Climbing shrubs with tendrils. Branches angular, pubescent when young.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire; stipules small, deciduous. Peduncles
axillary, slender, sometimes changing into simple circinate tendrils. Flowers
umbellate, on slender pedicels.

Besides the African species which are endemic, there is one Indian.

Flowers glabrous. Fruit smooth \. H. ovatus.

Flowers densely hirsute. Fruit more or less tuberculate 2. H, mystacinus.

1. H. ovatus, E. Mey.; Ilarv. et Sand. Fl. Cap. i. 479. A climbing
glaucous shrub with simple spirally twisted tendrils. Branches slender, an-
gular, divaricate, pubescent when young. Leaves petiolate, varying from
ovate-oblong to orbicular, 1-2 in. in diam., obtuse or emarginate with a very
fine mucro, subcordate or obtuse at the base, entire, glabrous above, when
young furnished with a few scattered silky hairs beneath, at length quite gla-
brous. Stipules linear-subulate, deciduous. Flowers glabrous, in simple
axillary or terminal pedunculate umbels about the length of the leaves ; pedicels
\-^ in. long. Fruit glabrous, smooth, obovate or nearly globular, i in. in
diam. with a slight central depression. — Willemetia scandens, Eckl. et Zeyh.
Herb. 996.

Iiower Guinea. In thickets, not uncommon, 1000-2400 ft., Golungo Alto, Dr.
Wehoitsch I

HelhlUS.] XLII. RHAMNE.i: (HEMSLT.Y).

Mozamb. Distr. Lower valley of the river Shire, Dr. Me/ler !
■ Also common in extratro|)ical S. Africa.

2. H. mystacinus, Hemsl A climbin;i slirub with simpio, spirally
twisted tendrils. Branches slender, ano;ular, divaricate, densely silky puhes-
cent or nearly glabrous. Leaves petiolate, ovate elliptical or'obloiitj, IJ 3
in. long, obtuse, miicronulate, subcordate or obtuse at the base, entire, {gla-
brous above, densely silky-hirsute beneath. Flowers densely, often rusty,
hirsute or villous, in simple axillary or terminal umbels, on long peduncles
equalling or exceeding the leaves ; pedicels at lenjith \ \ in. Fruit more or
less tuberculate and pubescent, spherical. Calyx^obes siibporsistent.— //.
sca/idens, Kick. Fl. Abyss, i. 139. Rhamnns myataciuus, Ait.; liort. K'-w.
i. 266.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schiwper 1 and others.

The synonymy of the two species has been misunderstood, Richard having taken WUU-
mi-tia scavdens for this species, hence the name he adopted must be suppressed, as it be-
longs more properly to H. ovatus.

8. LASIODISCUS, Hook. f. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Fl. i. 381.

Calyx-tube obconical ; limb 5-lobed ; lobes reflexed, keeled inside. Petals
5, linear-obovate, concave. Stamens 5, inserted below the margin of the
disk, equalling the petals ; filaments filiform or slightly dilated ; anthers
small, 2-celled. Disk large, tumid, densely villous, covering the broad top
of the ovary, obscurely angled. Ovary 3-celled, half inferior; cells 1-
ovnlate. Styles 3, short, connate to the middle ; stigmas recurved. Fruit
not seen. — A suberect shrub with opposite leaves and intei-petiolar stipules.
Flowers in axillary compound cymes.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in W. tropical Africa, and is closely
allied to Nesiota, differing principally in its half-inferior ovary, recurved calyx-lubts. and
large swollen disk covering the top of the ovary.

1. L. Mannii, Hook. f. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 381. A
slender half-climbing shrub, 10-12 ft. high. Branches terete when young,
as well as the petioles and flowers, clothed with rigid, ferruginous, strigose
hairs. Leaves large, opposite, shortly petiolate, ovate-oblong, acute, very
acuminate, narrowed and obliquely subcordate at the base, 6-12 in. long,
obtusely serrate, membranous. Stipules free, erect, lanceolate, acute, striate,
chartaceous, \ in. or more in length, deciduous. Flowers large for the
Order, in compound, axillary, few-flowered cymes. Peduncles about half as
long as the leaves. Bracts 2, at the base of the cyme, large, ovate, acute ;
bracteoles similar but smaller ; pedicels subumbellate.

Upper Guinea. Prince's Island, Mann !

Order XLIII. AMPELIDE^ (by ^\v. J. G. Baker).

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx snudl, entire or 4 3-
toothed. Petals 4-5, valvate, free or often permanently coherent at the edges,
VOL. I. O

386 XLIII. AMPELIDE^ (bAKEr).

deciduous. Stamens 4-5, opposite the petals, inserted at the base of the disk
or between its lobes. Anthers free or connate, short, 2-celled. Disk round
or quadrangular, often prominent, free or connate with the petals, stamens,
or ovary. Ovary often immersed in the disk, 2-6-celled, the cells with 1 or
2 ovules in each. Style subulate or obsolete ; stigma capitate, sublobate.
Ovules ascending, anatropal, often adnate to the septum, with a short funi-
culus. Fruit a watery or firm berry, 1-6-celled, the cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds
erect, the testa bony, the endopleure sometimes rugose ; albumen cartila-
ginous, sometimes ruminate. Embryo short, placed at the base of the
albumen ; cotyledons oval ; radicle very short, inferior. — Sarmentose or
suberect shrubs with usually a copious watery juice. Stems articulated,
rarely bulbous and subterranean in the lower part. Leaves alternate, very
rarely opposite, simple or digitate or pedate or pinnate, the base of the pe-
tiole'articulated, sometimes swollen with a leafy border clasping the stem
lil^e a stipule. Inflorescence in our species cymose or thyrsoid. Tendrils
mostly copious. Flowers small, often green.

An almost cosmopolitan Order, with its headquarters in tropical Asia ; rare in America,
very rare in Europe and Polynesia.

Filaments and anthers free 1. Vitis.

Filaments united in a tube and anthers cohering by their edges 2. Leea.

1. VITIS, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 387.

Calyx cyathiform, entire or slightly 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, often in-
curved and cohering permanently at the point, the unexpanded corolla glo-
bose or cylindrical. Stamens 4-5, inserted below the edge of the often
prominent disk. Anthers free. Ovary globose or ovoid, generally 2-celled,
rarely 3- or 4-celled. Style obsolete or subulate. Fruit an ovoid or globose
berry, 1- or 2-celled, the cells 1- or 2-seeded. — Shrubs with herbaceous
woody or succulent stems, usually sarmentose with copious tendrils, some- "
times suberect. Leaves in the African species simple or with 3-7 leaflets,
never arranged pinnately. Inflorescence in leaf-opposed or casually terminal
stalked cymes or thyrsoid panicles. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, some-
times polygamous.

A large genus, with its headquarters in the tropics of the Old World. -

A. Leaves simple.

* Leaves ovate, not at all lohed.

Leaves and young shoots glabrous oY very nearly so.
Stems woody.

Flowers in simple subsessile cymes 1 . F. producta.

Flowers in short stalked subcorymbose or thyrsoid pa-
nicles 2, F. Afzelii.

Stems herbaceous 3. F. Barteri.

Leaves and young shoots ferrugineo-tomentose.

Stems woody, suberect, cymes compound 4, F. cornifolia.

Stems slender, sarmentose, cymes simple • 5. F. diffiisiflora.

** Leaves cordate, not at all lohed.
+Leaves and young shoots glabrous or very nearly so.

Fiiis.] XLiii. AMPELiDE^ (baker). 387

Leaves quite fleshy.

Stems woody, wide-climbing 6. T. Smithiana.

Stems quite herbaceous 1. V. cratsifolia.

Leaves not fleshy.

Leaves cordate-ovate with short basal lobes.

Leaves entire 8. J'. iHUgnfoha.

Leaves denticulate 9. 7'. uxnfera.

Leaves rotundate-cordate, the basal lobes deep.
Cymes copiously compound.
Leaves sharply toothed.

Stems subterete 10. I', arguta.

Stem with 4 broad corky wings 11. V. luberota.

Leaves slightly ciliato-deuticulate 12. V. glaucophylla.

Cymes slightly compound.

Stems woody, climbing .... \\\. Y. Wflwittchu.

Stems trailing 11. V.palltda.

fLeaves and young shoots more or less hairy.

Leaves matted on both sides with ferruginous woolly to-

mentum 15. T. nymphdtifolia.

Leaves matted beneath with salmon-coloured cottony to-

mentum 16. T. salmonea.

Leaves densely clothed on both sides with reddish-ferrugi-
nous silky hairs 11. V. rubiginosa.

Leaves clothed beneath with grey pubescence.

Stem farinose, not hairy. Fruit glabrous 18. V.farinoza.

Stem hairy. Fruit ciliated 19. V. griaea.

*** Leaves shaUowly lohed.

Leaves more or less matted beneath.

Petals and stamens five 20. T. Bchmpfriann.

Petals and stamens four.

Style nearly obsolete 21. V, ipomctifoUa.

Style subulate 22. F. cory/ijoiia.

Leaves slightly downy beneath.

Basal lobes deep and teeth irregularly deltoid .... 23. V. asarifolia.
Basal lobes shallow aud edge of leaves finely ciliato-denti-

culate 24. r. ccesia.

Leaves quite glabrous on both sides 25. V. abyssinica.

#«**

Leaves deeply lobed.

Leaves densely matted or pubescent beneath.
Stems woody, suberect. Tendrils few or none.

Petals 4. Style subulate 2G. T. palmatijida.

Petals 5. Style none.

Leaves beneath with spreading grey pubescence . . .27- F. mossambicfnnt.
Leaves beneath matted with cottony tomentum.

Teeth incouspicuous 28. F. p/atani/olia.

Teeth very distinct 29. F. heracleifolia.

Stems herbaceous, wide-climbing.

Stems stout, clothed with short grey down and purple setfc 30. /'. Lfonrnsts.
Stems slender, the young shoots densely clothed with pale,

reddish-brown, silky tomentum 31. F. bomhynna.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so.

Stems thick, herbaceous, 4-winged 32. F. quadrangularu.

Stems thick, firm but compressible 33. /'. cavicaulu.

Stems firm, slender, woody.

Buds oblong 34. F. nnifrra.

9 c O

388 XLIII. AMPELIDEJE (bAKER). [FUis.

Buds round 35. T. Grantii.

B. Leaves compound ; leaflets not more than 3.
Stems and leaves very fleshy.

Leaflets sessile, elongate-lanceolate 36. V. jatrophoides.

Leaflets cordate-oblong, distinctly stalked . . . . . . . 37- T. Currori.

Stems erect, herbaceous. Root tuberous 38. V.juncea.

Stems woody, suberect 39. F. erythrodes.

Stems firm, slender, wide-climbing.

Leaflets matted beneath with white cottony toraentum . . . 40. V. pamiosa.

Leaflets with fine grey pubescence beneath 41. V. ibuensis.

Leaflets quite glabrous on both sides 42. F. amplexa.

C. Leaves compound ; leaflets 5 or rarely 7.

* Leaves pedate, i. e. the secondary petioles forhed.

Petioles and veins beneath downy 43. F. adenantha.

Leaves beneath and petioles naked.

Leaflets very nearly entire 44. V. debilis.

Leaflets distinctly toothed.

Unexpanded corolla globose and style very short.

Leaves very thin ; flowers in a small cyme . . . . 45. F. gracilis.
Leaves firfnly membranous ; cyme 4-6 in. broad . . 46. F. intricata.
Unexpanded coroUa cylindrical and style subulate.

Stem glabrous, herbaceous 47. F. temiicaulis.

Stem woody, deciduously setose 48. F. adenocaulis.

** Secondary petioles not branched.

• Stem and leaves very fleshy.

Root tuberous ; stem suberect, without tendrils 49. V. macropus.

Leaves fleghy. Stem sarmentose, with tendrils.

Leaves densely and permanently matted all over beneath.
Leaflets distinctly stalked ; the terminal one 1-1^ in.

long 50. F. crassiuscula.

Leaflets sessile ; the terminal one 6 to 8 in. long.
Stem clothed with fine down.

Clusters bracteated 51. F. chioroleuca.

Berries very tomentose. Clusters not bracteated . . 52. V. andongensis.

Stems densely bristly ; berries naked 53. V.pendula.

Leaves slightly grey-downy beneath.

Leaflets distinctly stalked, narrowed at the base ; young pe-
tioles finely downy.

Corolla a line long 54. F. Thonningii.

Corolla 2 lines long 55. V. cyphopetala.

Leaflets on long stalks, cordate at the base, the whole plant

clothed with stalked glands 56. F. pruriens.

Leaflets sessile.

Stem sarmentose ; leaves on long stalks 57. V. stipulacea.

Stem suberect ; leaves sessile or nearly so 58. F. stenoloba.

Leaves glabrous beneath.

Stem naked ; leaflets entire 59. F. constricta.

Stem ciliated ; leaflets toothed 60. F. subciliata.

Leaves not fleshy ; stems herbaceous or woody.
Petioles and leaves beneath glabrous when mature.
Stems herbaceous, sarmentose.
Stems deciduously setose.

Fruit globose, naked ' 6J. F. Vogelii.

Fruit oblong, setose 62. F. cirrhosa.

Stems glabrous 63. F. paucidentata.

Stems woodv, but slender.

Fitis.] XLiii. AMPELiDEiE (baker). 389

Petals 5 ; buds oblong.

Inflorescence cymose ; leaflets distinctly stalked , . t>i. V . angofemit.
Inflorescence thyrsoid; leaflets siibsessiie . . . .05, V. muUulnala.
Petals 4 ; buds cyliudrical, constricted.

Inflorescence cymose 06, T. oryphylla.

Inflorescence thyrsoid 07. V. bororenMU.

Petals 4 ; buds oblong, not constricted 68.1'. arahoidet.

Petioles and leaves beneath more or less downy and
matted.
Stems herbaceous.

Leaflets distinctly stalked.

Leaves sessile 09. T. eongetta.

Leaves stalked 70. V. Mannii.

Leaflets sessile.

Fruit naked 71. V.aerfenx.

Fruit densely glandular 72. V.Jlavicatu.

Stems terete, quite woody.
Leaflets all distinctly stalked.

Petals and stamens 4 ; leaves slightly downy . . 73. V. curvipoda.
Petals and stamens 5 ; leaves matted beneath . . 74. V. concinna.
Side-leaflets sessile or subsessile ; terminal one short-
stalked ; petals 5.
Leaflets not pinnatifid.

Leaflets faintly toothed 75.1". oUusata.

Leaflets deeply inciso-dentate 76. V. arcuata.

Leaflets deeply pinnatifid 11. V. dUsecta.

1. V. producta, Jfzel. ; DC. Prod. i. G29. Stem wide-climbing,
slender but woody, naked, angular. Petioles naked, \-\ in. long. Stipules
ovate, membranous. Tendiils slender, firm, branched. Leaves ovate-oblong,
3-4 in. long by less than half as broad; the base rounded ; the apex acumi-
nate ; the edge slightly and distinctly ciliato-denticulate ; texture subcoria-
ceous, both sides quite glabrous. Flowers in leaf-opposed, subsessile, simple
cymes of 9-12 flowers each. Pedicels naked, ultimately \ in. long. Calyx
cyathiform, naked, entire, \ a line deep. Corolla whitish-red, oblong, a line
deep ; the 4 petals separating or cohering. Style subulate. Fruit turbinate,
naked, black, 3 lines long.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Bon ! and gathered again, recently, by Dr.
"Welwitsch.

This description is taken from the original specimens at the British Museum. They have
a copious ramified growth of abortive branches, similar to that often seen in the common
Birch.

2. V. Afzelii, Baker. Stem firm, woody, moderately stout, naked.
Petioles \ in. long, naked. Leaves simple, oblong, 4-5 in. long, IJ-iJ in.
broad ; the apex acuminate ; the base broadly rounded, edge distantly denti-
culate, both sides glabrous. Tendrils firm, slender, branched. Flowers in short-
stalked, subcorymbose or thyrsoid panicles, made up of several cymes of C-12
flowers each; the ultimate' pedicels 2-2^ lines long, naked or nearly so.
Calyx cyathiform, naked, not lobed, about \ a line broad. Corolla oblong,
a line deep ; petals 4, coherent ; style subulate. Fruit naked, turbinate.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelhis ! Don !

Closely allied to the preceding, but more robust, the stems thick, but not so Mrone. and
the inflorescence copiously compound. This may be Cissus denliculata. Turn. Bull. .Mo»c.

390 XLiii. AMPELiDE^ (baker). IFitis.

xxxvi. part 1. p. 591, a Sierra Leone plant, but tlie description is much too imperfect to
enable us to decide with confidence.

2. V. Barteri, Baker. Stem wide-trailing, herbaceous, deeply striated,
not at all hairy. Petioles 1 in. or less long, weak, naked. Tendrils long,
slender, not branched. Leaves ovate, 4-5 in. long, 2 in. or more broad,
rounded or slightly cordate at the base ; the point acuminate ; the edge very
slightly denticulate ; texture membranous or scarcely fleshy, both sides gla-
brous and smooth. Flowers in lateral slightly compound cymes. Pedicels
^ in. long, naked. Calyx subcyathiform, 1 line broad, not lobed. Ovary
subglobose. Corolla yellowish. Style subulate.

Upper Gkiinea. Fernando Po, -B^r^^r / Mann!

In habit of growth and the texture of its stem and leaves, this agrees with V. pallida and
the Cape Y.fragilis, but in both the leaves 'are quite different in shape. It climbs to a
height of 15 ft. We have not seen the fruit.

4. V. comifolia. Baker. Shoots firm, woody, suberect, densely clothed
when young with ferruginous tomentum. Petioles \-\ in. long, tomentose
when young, naked when mature. Tendrils none on any of our specimens.
Leaves ovate, 3-4 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad, rounded at the base; the point
acute ; the edge very faintly and distantly toothed ; texture firm, under
surface finely hairy when young, both sides quite glabrous when mature;
the veins not prominent. Flowers in lateral compound cymes or terminal
panicles, with cymose branches. Primary peduncles strong, 1-3 in. long.
Clusters 6-10-flowered; the pedicels \-{ in. long, more or less villose.
Calyx cyathiform, f line broad, entire. Petals 4, 1 line deep, connivent.
Stamens 4. Fruit obovoid, \ in. long, \ in. bro;id, black, 2-celled, tipped
with the persistent style.

Upper Guinea, 'ii ape, Barter !

Nile Iiand. Madi, Speke and Grant ! Nubia, Petherick !

A low suberect shrub, flowering in November, with eatable fruit, with leaves very like
those of Cornus sanguinea.

5. V. dififusiflora^ Baker. Stem wide-climbing, zigzag, slender, but
firm ; the nodes of the npper part about an inch long, densely clothed with
short rusty-brown tomentum. Petioles scarcely any. Tendrils none on our
specimens. Leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed gradually below to a slightly
rounded base, 3-4 in. long by li in. broad ; the point acuminate ; the edge
distantly ciliato-denticulate ; texture thickly membranous or subcoriaceous ;
upper surface glabrous, lower rusty-tomentose on the nerves when young ;
the veins not prominent. Flowers in simple or 1-forked, 5-7-flowered cymes,
opposite each of the leaves. Peduncles \-^ in. long, firm, villose. Pedicels
i in. long, curved when the plant is in fruit. Calyx reddish-brown, cyathi-
form, not lobed, 1 line across. Petals 4, red, a line long, connivent. Sta-
mens 4. Style subulate. Fruit turbinate, \ in. long, 2-celled.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann !

A wide-climbing shrub, with shoots 20 ft. long, flowermg in November.

6. V. Smithiana^ Baker. Stem woody, wide-climbing, slender, terete.

Viti^.] XLIII. AMPELIDE/K (baKEk). 891

naked. Petioles 2-3 in. long, firm, slender, j^l.brous. Leaves rotundi.tc-
cordate,4-6 in. each way, the basal lobes in tliu larj,^' ones an incli deep, ihe
apex acuminate or cuspidate, the edge furnished with conspicuous irrt-g'uhtr
deltoid teeth, texture fleshy but thin, both sides quite ;:hibrous, colour a bnght
light green in the living plant, turning brownish-black when dried. Flowers
in copiously compound cymes, flnally 3 4 in. broad, on spreading, finn,
woody peduncles, 1-2 in. long. Bracts fleshy, cordate-ovate. Flowers 6-10
in an umbel, the pedicels at first slightly downy when mature, naked, firm,
i in. long. Calyx cyathiform, entire, ^ fine broad. ]iuds obloing, glabrous,
Stamens and petals 4. Style subulate, undeveloped fruit naked, turbinate.
Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith! Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

7. V. crassifolia. Baker. Stem wide-climbing, weak, herbaceous,

quadrangular, naked, fragile, the nodes 1^-2 in. apart. Petioles nnkcd,
fleshy-herbaceous, \-^ in. long. Tendrils very slender. Leaves cordate.
2-3 in. long, li-2 in. broad, the basal lobes roiiiided but shallow, the point
bluntish, the edge conspicuously undulate-crenate, very succulent, both sur-
faces glabrous ; veins immersed, inconspicuous. Flowers in lateral, long-
stalked, few-flowered cymes. Peduncles 3-4 in. long, herbaceous, nakeil.
Pedicels y-| in. long, slender, naked. Calyx subcyathiform, not lobed,
a line across. Petals 4, greenish, \ in. long, united at the point. Stamens
4. Style subulate, 1 line long. Fruit ovoid, fleshy, 2-celled, each cell 2-
seeded.

Mozazub. Distr. Zambesi, between Senna and Lupata, Dr. Kirk !
A very distinct and well-marked plant.

8. V. integrifolia. Baker. Stems wide-climbing, woody, subterete,
naked, the nodes of the shoots 1-2 in. long. Petioles 1t^-2 in. long, naked,
firm, slender. Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-3 in. long, l|-2 in. broad, from
the apex of the petiole to the edge 'nearly straight and the lower corners
nearly rectangular, the sides subparallel for the lower half, then narrowed
suddenly, but the point subacute, texture membranous, both sides quite smooth
and glabrous, the lower pale green, the veins not raised, the edge not at all
toothed, very slightly undulated. Tendrils few, slender. Flowers in few-
flowered lateral cymes. Peduncles 1^-2 in. long, firm, naked. Pedicels \-^
in. long, naked. Calyx cyathiform, not lobed, 1 line broad. Petals 4, I in.
deep, cohering firmly at the tips. Style subulate, 1 line long. Fruit bright
scarlet, ovoid, fleshy, f in. long, | in. broad, sour when ripe, 2-celled ; the
cells 2-seeded.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi-land, Shupanga and between Senna and Lupata, Dr.
Kirk I

A climbing shrub, flowering in September to December.

9. V. uvifera, Jfzel. ; DC. Prod. i. 628. Stem wide-climbing, firm,
woody, naked, quadrangular or subterete, the nodes 1-2 in. apart. Petioles
1-2 in. long, slender, firm, naked. Leaves cordate-ovate or cordate-oblong.
3-4 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, the basal lobes rounded, very slightly and some-
times hardly at all produced, the point acute or acuminate, the edge slightly

392 XLiii. AMPELiDEiE (baker), [Fitis.

and distantly toothed, texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces glabrous, the veins
beneath not prominent. Tendrils long, copious, firm. Flowers in copious com-
pound lateral cymes. Peduncles y-f in, long, firm, naked. Clusters 6-10-
flowered ; pedicels }-^ in, long, villose. Calyx cyathiform, not lobed, f line
broad. Petals 4, f line long, greenish, cohering at the point. Stamens 4.
Style subulate. Pruit globose, about the size of a pea, black when mature,
1-celled, l-seeded.— Hook./. FL Nigrit, 262.

Vpper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vogel! Mann! Eppah, Barter!
A wide-climbiug shrub, trailing over low bushes, with stems sometimes 30 ft, long,
flowering in September.

10. V, arguta, Hook.f. FL Nigrit. 261 (Cissus). Stem wide-climbing,
much branched, firm, woody, naked, subterete, the nodes about 2 in, apart.
Petioles about 1 in. long, slender, glabrous. Leaves cordate-ovate, 3-4 in.
long, 2-2^ in. broad, the basal lobes rounded, ^-^ in. deep, the broadest part
of the leaf two-thirds of the distance from the apex to the base, the point
acute or acuminate, the edge sharply but not deeply toothed, the teeth point-
ing upwards, texture crisp, membranous, both sides green and glabrous,
the lower on"e rather shining. Tendrils . long, copious, firm. Flowers in
copiously compound lateral cymes. Peduncles y-f in. long, firm, rather
hairy. Clusters 6-10-flovvered; pedicels ^-|- in. long, ferrugineo-tpmentose.
Calyx cyathiform, not lobed, f line across. Petals 4, a line long, cohering
at the apex. Stamens 4, glandular at the base. Style subulate, nearly as
long as the petals.

Upper Guinea. Niger country ; Quorra and Ibu, T. Vogel !

A copiously-branched, wide-climbing shrub, flowering in August and September. Fruit
not known. In habit and the shape and cutting of its leaves, this comes near the E. Indian
v. parvifiora^ Roxb.

- 11. v.* suberosa^ Welio. mss. Stems woody, wide-climbing, the main
ones with 4 thin corky wings, |— f in. broad, not present on the young
branches, which are naked, subquadrangular, almost herbaceous,'finely striated.
Stipules broadly ovate, rather fleshy. Petioles 1^-2 in. long, herbaceous,
glabrous. Leaflets rotundato-cordate, 3-4 in. each way, the point acumi-
nate, the margin conspicuously and irregularly inciso-dentate, texture firmly
membranous, both sides quite glabrous. Tendrils woody.. Flowers in
copiously compound irregular cymes, on peduncles 2-4 in, long. Clusters
6-12-flowered, the pedicels \-\ in. long, slightly downy. Calyx cyathiform,
not lobed, i line broad. Corolla a line long. Petals and stamens 4. Style
subulate, equalling the petals.

Ziower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Flowers like those of V. arguta, and leaves similar in shape but more deeply cut. The
stem very pecuHar.

12. V. glaucophylla, Hook.f. M. Nigrit. 263 (Cissus). Stem wide-
climbing, slender, firm, woody, subterete. Petioles 2-3 in. long, firm, naked.
Leaves rotundate-cordate, 4-6 in. each way when fully developed, the basal
lobes broadly rounded, the point subacute, the edge slightly ciliato-denticu-
late, texture firmly membranous, both sides glabrous. Tendrils few, slender.

^iiis.] XLIII. AMPELIDE.E (baKER). 393

Flowers in copiously compound cymes ultimatelv 4-0 in. broad, on firm
spreading peduncles, 2-3 in. lono^. Flowers 6-1 2* in an umbel, the pddicels
at first a little downy, ultimatelv } in. long. Calyx cvathiform, not lobe<l,
glabrous or nearly so, ^ line broad. Buds ovoid, naked, under a line deep.
Stamens and petals 4, the latter pale, with a red tinge. Style subulate, un-
developed ; fruit oblong-lanceolate, naked.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vogel ! banks of the Niger, at Eppah, Darter!
Camaroons mountain, Mann!

13. V. "Welwitschii, Baker. A wide-climbing shrub, with copiously
branched, naked, woody stems. Petioles 2-3 in. long, naked, slender.
Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 4-5 in. long, 3-3| in. broad, the apex acute,
the edge denticulate, both sides glabrous, texture succulent and consider-
ably fleshy, colour light green when recent. Flowers in slightly compound
cymes of about 6 flowers each, on short woody leaf-opposed' peduncles.
No tendrils seen. Pedicels naked, |-f in. long ultimately. Calyx cyathi-
form, naked, subentire. Petals and stamens not seen. Fruit globose, naked,
about half an inch long when dry, green when unripe, then reddish, edible.

Ijower Guinea. Golnngo Alto, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

Closely allied to V. pallida^ but more woody and scaadent and the leaves different in
texture.

14. V. pallida, Wight and Am. Prod. Fl. hid. i. 125. Stem stout, almost
woody, naked, finely striated, trailing or slightly climbing. Stipules ovate,
scariose, deciduous. Petioles 2-3 in. long, slightly downy when young,
naked when mature. Leaves rotundate-cordate, 4-8 in. each way, the basal
lobes rounded, \-^ in. deep, with an open sinus, the point bluntish or cus-
pidate, the edge faintly and distantly denticulate, texture papyraceous or
membranous, both sides quite glabrous when mature. No tendrils seen.
Flo,wers in slightly compound, 6-12-flowered, leaf-opposed cymes, on short
woody peduncles. Ultimate pedicels \ in. long in fruit. Calyx cvathiform,
glabrous, entire. Petals and stamens 4, the former short, nearly white,
cohering. Fruit obovate, under \ in. long; naked, slii^htly pointed. — Ci*»u*
populnea, Guill. et I^err. Fl. Seneg. 134. Cmus peiiolata, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss,
i. 109; Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 262.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Leprieur ! Perrottet ! Niger country, T. Vogel !
I«ower Guinea. Puugo Andongo, Angola, Dr. IFelwitsch !

Nile Dand. Gallabat, Schweinfurth ! mountains of Abyssinia, Schimper ! DiUon !
A common Asiatic species.

A plant gathered by Barter at Nupe may be the same, but the inflorescence is more com-
pound, and the fruit considerably larger (the size of a Muscat grape).

15. V. nymphseifolia Wdw. vm. Stems 3-4 ft. high, stout, sub-
erect, sparingly branched, woody below, almost herbaceous upwards, densely
clothed, when young, with short brown pubescence. Petioles 1^2 in.
long, firm, suberect, clothed like the young stems. Leaves rotundate-cor-
date, measuring 6-8 in. each way when fully mature, the basal lobes 1-2
in. deep, with a narrow sinus, the* edge slightly repand and finely but sharply
ciliato-denticulate, textui'e membranous, both sides pale green, thinly raatlcd

394 XLiii. AMPELiDEiE (baker). [FUis.

all over with brown woolly tomentum. Tendrils 0. Flowers in moderately
compound, leaf-opposed cymes, on almost herbaceous peduncles, f-1^ in.
long. Ultimate pedicels :^|- in. long, ferruginous, like the leaves when
young. Calyx \ line broad,, pale, cyathiform, quite entire, slightly ferrugi-
nous, Petals and stamens 4, the corolla oblong, cream-coloured, with a
tinge of red, quite a line deep, slightly ferruginous on the outside. Style
subulate, as long as the stamens. Immature berry ^ in. each way, round,
green, quite naked.

IiO^er Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

la leaves and fruit this resembles the preceding, but the stem is erect, the cymes more
compound, and the whole plant thinly matted with brownish down.

16. V. salxnonea. Baker. Stems wide-climbing, herbaceous but firm,
compressible, dark coloured, copiously clothed with fine grey down and
spreading purplish setae. Petioles 1-|— 2*in. long, thick, herbaceous, clothed
like the stem. Leaves rotundate-cordate, 3-4 in. each way, the basal lobes
rounded, |— f in. deep, the apex acute or cuspidate, the edge closely furnished
with spreading, not deep, triangular mucronate teeth, texture membranous ;
upper surface nearly glabrous, lower densely matted all over with fine bright
salmon-coloured down, the veins reddish-brown. Tendrils long, copious,
firm, often branched. Plowers in dense compound lateral cymes or panicles.
Peduncles strong, spreading, villose, about 1 in. long. Branches generally
racemose ; pedicels very short, villose. Calyx cyathiform, not lobed, \ line
broad. Petals 5, ^ line long. Stamens 5. Ovary pentagonal, the stigma
sessile. Pruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Barter ! Dr. Welwitsch !

A wide-climbing shrub. In the clothing of the leaves and their shape this agrees with the
Indian V. lanata, Roxb., but in the latter the pauiqle is thyrsiform and the stems are not
setose.

17. V. rubiginosa, Welw. wss. Suffruticose ; stem wide-climbing,
slender, terete, densely matted with short, reddish-ferruginous silky hairs.
Petioles 2-4 in. long, firm, slender, matted like the branches. Leaves rotun-
date-cordate, 3-5 in. each way, the basal lobes 1 in. deep, the apex with a
very slight point, the edge with each of the main veins produced a little be-
yond it, texture thinly membranous, both sides, especially the lower one,
matted with bright coloured tomentum like that of the branches, which is
dense on the main veins below. Flowers in copiously compound cymes, on
short erecto-patent leaf-opposed peduncles. Ultimate pedicels \-\ in. long,
together with the cyathiform entire calyx and the 4 ovate-lanceolate petals
ferruginous on the outside. Petals soon spreading, the expanded corolla 2
lines broad. Style subulate. Immature fruit naked, subglobose.

Iiower Guinea. Golungo Alto and Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

This Coincides with the Cape V. capensis in the character of the inflorescence, but the
ferruginous coatiug of the leaves is denser and more permanent, and their toothing and vein-
ing very different.

18. V. farinosa, Welw.ynss. Stem wide-climbing, rather woody, terete,
finely striated, densely clothed with white pulverulent meal when young.

FUis.] XLIII. AMPELIDE^ (BAKER). 3*J5

Petioles 2-3 in. long, firm, glabrous, piilverulL*nt like the branches. Leave?
rotundate-eordate, 4-6 in. across each way, the basal lobes 1 in. or more
deep, the point cuspidate, the edge faintly 'ciliato-denticulate, texttire firinlv
membranous ; upper surface, when mature, glabrous, lower densely coaled all
over with short greyish-brown tomentum. Flowers in copiously compound
cymes on firm woody peduncles, 2-3 in. long. Clusters 6-8-howered, the
pedicels firm, 3-4 lines long, slightly downy when young. Calyx J line
broad, not lobed, brown, scarious, downy. Buds ovoid, downy,' under 1
line long. Petals and stamens 4, the former cohering. Sl\lr suljulatc. Im-
mature fruit ovoid, naked.

Ijo^er Guinea. Golungo Alto and Cazengo, Angola, Lr. if fiwHscn .'

19. V, grisea. Bake?-. Stems wide-climbing, woody, striated, densely
clothed with short grey pubescence. Petioles ^-1 in. long, firm, villose.
Leaves rotundate-eordate, 4-6 in. across each way, the basal lobes rounded,
■f-f in. deep, the broadest part of the leaf two-thirds of the distance from the
point to the base, the point acute, the edge conspicuously ciliato-denticulate
with spreading teeth, texture flaccid, membranous ; upper surface dull green,
naked, lower covered all over, especially on the veins, with short, stiff, spread-
ing hairs. Tendrils none in our specimens. Flowers in slightly com-
pound lateral cymes. Peduncles 1 in. or more long, firm, villose. Pedicels
|-f in. long, villose. Calyx cyathiform, not lobed, 1 line broad. Fruit fleshy,
obovoid, |- in. deep by rather less broad, densely shaggy, with thick soft hairs,
containing only one large bony seed.

Mozamb. Distr, Banks of the Shire, Zarabesi-land, Dr. Kirk !

20. V. Schimperiana, Hochst. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 112. Stem strong,
w^oody, terete, sarmentose, matted with cottony tomentum when young. Pe-
tioles 2-6 in. long, matted and sometimes furnished with purple, gland-tipped
hairs. Leaves rotundate-eordate, attaining a breadth of 12 or 15 in., the
basal lobes broadly rounded, sometimes 2 in. deep, the upper part with 3
shallow deltoid lobes, the edge all round with irregular, shallow, deltoid teeth ;
texture membranous, the upper surface slightly downy when young, glabrous
when mature, the lower thinly matted with greyish or slightly salmon-
coloured, cottony tomentum. Flowers in short-stalked, dense, cymose or
thyrsoid clusters. Pedicels very short. Calyx a line broad, scarious, gla-
brous, distinctly 5-lobed. Buds roundish, naked. Petals 5, bright red. Sta-
mens 5. Stigma peltate, sessile. Fruit oblong, watery, edible, \-\ in. long.

Upper Guinea. Niger country, Loin and Yoraba, Barter I
Nile Land. Gallabat, Schweinfurth ! Abyssinia, Schimper !
liOwer Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Closely aUied to the E. Indian V. rugosa, Wallich. " Fruit like that of the Front ign*c
grape," Barter. It has the largest leaves of any of the tropical African species.

21. V. ipomoeifolia, Webb, Frag. Fl. jEthiop. 57 {Cissus). Stem
robust, sarmentose, striated, floccose-tonientose. Leaves long-stalked, large,
cordate, acute, the edge sinuated with short, thick, acute teeth, upper sur-
face soTt, lower villose-araneose. Tendrils none in the specimens. Flowers
in leaf-opposed, stalked, white, woolly cymes. Flowers crowded, ovate, sub-
acute, very shortly stalked. Calyx short, thin, scarious, villose, with 4 crenu-

396 XLiir. AMPELiDE^ (baker). [VUis.

late lobes. Petals purplish, subpuberulous, cohering. Stamens purplish,
glabrous. Ovary glabrous, striated, dark purple. Style nearly obsolete.
Fruit not seen.

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Figari.

This we have not seen.

22. V. corylifolia. Baker. Stems suberect, firmly hel-baceous, densely
clothed with fine grey hairs. Petioles 1-H i"- loi^g> stout, herbaceous, densely
villose. Leaves rotundate-cordate, attaining 6-8 in. each way, the basal lobes
rounded, i— | in. deep, the broadest part about halfway between the apex and
the base, the upper half slightly lobed on each side, the point bluntish, the edge
all round slightly toothed with irregular, shallow, spreading, mucronate teeth,
texture membranous, upper surface glabrous, lower densely clothed all over
when young, upon the veins principally when mature, with stiff, spreading,
grey hairs. Flowers in compound cymes. Peduncles 1-4 in. long, villose.
Pedicels, when the plant is in fruit, slender, naked, j-f in. long. Calyx cya-
thiform, villose, \ line broad, not lobed. Petals 4, connivent at the point,
villose, ciliated. Stamens 4. Style subulate. Fruit roundish or subturbi-
nate, \ in. deep, whitish when ripe.

Upper Guinea. Niger country, Nupe, Barter !

Scarcely more than herbaceous, attaining a height of about a yard.

23. V, asarifolia^ Baker. Stem wide-climbing, slender but firm,
naked, subterete, striated, rough, with raised points. Petioles 1-2 in. long,
firm, slender, nearly naked. Leaves rotundate-cordate, 2-4 in. each way,
the basal lobes rounded, ^-f in., the sinus deeply rounded, the edge fur-
nished with decided, spreading, irregular, triangular teeth, the point bluntish,
very slightly lobed about one- third of the distance from the apex to the base,
texture membranous, both surfaces green, glabrous or the underside slightly
pubescent .upon the principal nerves when young. Tendrils firm, slender,
copious. Flowers in slightly compound lateral cymes. Peduncles firm,
spreading, naked, ^1 in. long. Ultimate pedicels very short. Calyx cya-
thiform, \ line across, distinctly 4-lobed. Petals 4, very short, connivent at
the point. Stamens 4. Fruit globose, about the size of a pea.

Nile Iiand. Banks of the White Nile, Petherick !

Mozamb. Distr. Zanzibar, Bojer ! ' Banks of the Rovuma river,' 20 miles from
the coast. Dr. Meller !

24. V. csesia, Afzel.; DC. Prod.i. 628 (Cissus). Stem wide-climbing,
firm, woody, glabrous, terete, with a deciduous glaucous bloom. Petioles
^-1 in. long, firm, slightly pubescent. Leaves subrotundate-cordate, 3-6 in.
long by rather less broad, the basal lobes rounded, ^ in. deep, the point
bluntish, the edge slightly bluntly lobed and ciliato-denticulate, texture mem-,
branous or when mature subcoriaceous, upper surface naked or nearly so, the
lower csesio-glaucous, principally pubescent on the prominent reddish-brown
nerves. Tendrils copious, firm, often branched. Flowers in copiously com-
pound cymes on firm w^oody peduncles, 2-3 in. long. Umbels 6-8-fioWered ;
pedicels l|^-2 lines long, more or less pubescent. Calyx cyathiform, pubes-
cent, f line across, not lobed. Petals 4, a line long, united at the point.

FUis.] XLiii. AMPELiDE.i: (baker). 397

Stamens 4. Style subulate. Fruit turbinate, naked, ^ in. deep, black wlien
ripe.— Fl. Nigrit. 261. Cissus rufescens, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 133.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot ! Perrottet ! Skuet ! Niger country, Barter!
Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Morson ! Don ! etc.

Laying the original specimens of the plants of Afzelius and lh<- "Flora of Seneg«mbi»,"
which are both in the British Museum herbarium, side by side, we have no hesitation ia
uniting the two.

25. V. abyssinica, ^oc/^6^. ; Rich. FL Abyss, i. 112. Stems wide-
climbing, woody, naked. Petioles glabrous, 3-4 in. long. Leaves rotundato-
cordate in general outline, 6-9 in. each way, 3-lobed in the upper part about
a quarter of the way down to the base, the central lobe deltoid, the base
deeply cordate, the edge not more than ciliate-denticulate, texture thiuiy mem-
branous, both sides quite naked. Flowers in copious thyrsoid panicles on
short firm peduncles ; pedicels glabrous, very short. Calyx glabrous, cya-
thiform, loose, under |- line broad. Unexpanded corolla subglobose. Pe-
tals 5, green, glabrous, ^ line long. Stamens 5, with short filaments.
Ovary globose with a sessile stigma. Fruit not seen.

Nile Iiand. Nubia, Schweinfurth I Abyssinia, Schimjier !

Very near V. vinifera,\)\xi flowers globose and leaves very large, thin, quite glabrous,
3-lobed only in the upper third and edge only ciliate-denticulate.

26. V, palmatifilda, Baker. Stem suberect, woody, terete, finely
striated, villose when young, glabrous when mature. Petioles 1-2 in. long,
firm, villose. Leaves 2-4 in. each way, 3-5-lobed, the base truncate or
slightly cordate, often cut two-thirds or three-quarters of the way down
from the edge to the apex of the petiole and terminal lobe especially deeply
pinnatifid with oblong segments and broad rounded sinuses, the edge slightly
ciliate-denticulate, texture thickly membranous, upper surface green,
finely villose, the lower densely matted all over with fine grey pubescence.
Tendrils few, firm. Flowers in more or less compound lateral cymes. Pe-
duncles 1-2 in. long, firm, villose. Clusters 6-12-flowered ; pedicels \~\ in.
long, pubescent. Calyx cyathiform, not lobed, ^ line broad. Petals 4, J
line long, glandulose-pubescent, cohering at the tip. Stamens 4. Ovary
subglobose ; the style subulate. Fruit subglobose, \ in. each way.

Upper Guinea. Niger country, Nupe, Barter ! and either the same or a closely allied
plant gathered by Dr. Welwitsch in Angola.

A suberect shrub, about 6 ft. in height, with eatable fruit like black currants.

27. V, mossambicensis Klotzsch in Feters' Mossamb. Bot. 180.
Stem wide-climbing, woody, slender, subterete, the young shoots densely
pubescent. Petioles of the .upper leaves 1-2 in. long, firm, densely pubes-
cent. Leaves rotundate-cordate, 2-6 in. each way, varying from nearly
entire to deeply 3- or 5-lobed, the base broadly and deeply rounded, the ter-
minal lobe spathulate with broad rounded sinuses on each side of it, the
edge all round furnished with irregular, spreading, shallow, triangular, mu-
cronate teeth, texture coriaceous, both surfaces densely clothed with grey
woolly toraentum when young but the upper becoming nearly glabrous in the
mature plant. Tendrils few, firm. Flowers in densely compound lateral
cymes ; peduncles ^-1 in. long, spreading, firm. Clusters dense, with 12-20

398 XLTII. AMPELTDEJE (baKER). [FUlS.

Jlowers in each, the pedicels very short, pubescent. Calyx cyathifom), not
lobed, I line broad. Petals 5, bright red, | line long, ultimately spreading,
the expanded flower i in. across. Stamens 5, half as long as tlie petals ;
stigma sessile. Pruit globose, about i in. broad, 2-celled, each cell 2-seeded.

Mozamb. Distr. Mozambique, Peters! Zambesi-land, Telle, Shupanga; Moram-
balla ! JDr. Kirk !

A wide-climbing shrub with leaves of very woolly texture, the upper ones often nearly
entire, the lower ones deeply lobed, and eatable black berries about the size of a pea. In
habit and the cutting and clothing of the leaves, this agrees with the Indian V. Linnai,
Wall.

28. V. platanifolia, Baker. Stem suberect, woody, stout, 2-4 ft.
high, webbed when young with white cottony tomentum. Bracts large,
membranous. Petioles 1-1 j in. long, stout, erecto-patent, firm, webbed like
the branches. Leaves rotundate-cordate in general outline, 6-8 in. each way
when fully developed, the basal lobes not very deep, the upper part with 3
deltoid lobes which reach a quarter or halfway down or are sometimes
deeper and the middle one oblong- spathulate, the apex acute, the edge incon-
spicuously and irregularly inciso-dentate, texture firmly membranous, upper
surface thinly, lower densely matted all over with grey or slightly salmon-
coloured, cottony tomentum. Tendrils none Flowers in dense, consi-
derably compound cymes on short woody peduncles ; pedicels very short.
Calyx and corolla as in V. her aclei folia.

Iiower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

This may be a variety of F. Schimperiana with more deeply lobed leaves.

29. V. heracleifolia, Welw. mss. Stems robust, suberect, woody,
finely grey-downy when young. Bracts large, oblong, membranous. Pe-
tioles 1-1|^ in. long, stout, firm, grey-downy. Leaves rotundate-cordate in
general outline, 4-6 in. each way, palmately 5 -lobed to a depth varying from
a quarter to quite down to the base, the 3 central lobes oblong-spathulate,
the basal lobes shallow, the point blunt, the edge all round sharply, not
deeply inciso-dentate, texture firmly membranous, upper surface nearly or quite
glabrous when mature, lower matted all over with white, appressed, cottony
tomentum. Tendrils none in ihe specimens. Flowers in close, nearly simple,
dense cymes on peduncles under an inch long ; pedicels very short. Calyx
nearly a line broad, cyathiform, distinctly 5-lobed, webbed with grey cottony
tomentum. Buds globose, naked. Petals 5, crimson. Stamens 5. Style
obsolete. Fruit not seen.

Iiower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !
See remarks under V. dissecta.

30. V. Leox^ensis, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit.' 264 {Cissus). Stem wide-
climbing, stout but subherbaceous with a large hollow in the centre, terete,
finely striated, clothed with short grey down and fine, spreading, purple
setae. Petioles 4-6 iti. long, firm, clothed like the stem. Leaves rotundate-
cordate in general outline, 6-9 in. broad, 5-lobed from one- to two-thirds of
the way down, the base deeply cordate, the terminal lobe broad-spathulate,
the sinuses rounded but very narrow, the edge slightly denticulate, texture
membranous, upper surface slightly downy when young, glabrous when ma-

FUis.] XLIII. AMPELIDE.T (bAKF.u). 309

ture, the lower matted all over with fine frrcyiah or salinon-colourod, cottony
tomentum. Tendrils long, firm, woody, branched. Flowers in densely com*.
pound subcymose or paniculate lateral clusters, 2 \- in. broad ; peduncles \-
li in. long, spreading, firm, villose like the stem. Pedicels vrry short, vil-
lose. Calyx cyatliitbrm, not lobed, ^ line broad. Petals 5, scarlet, spread-
ing, the expanded tiower 2 lines across. Stamens 5. Ovarv ])cntagonal,
the stigma sessile. Berries subglobose, f in. long, red, naked. '

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Vot/el ! Dr. Welwitsch ! Niger country, Nupe, Barter!
banks of the Bagroo river, Mann !
A large climber with eatable fruit.

31. V. boxnbycina. Baker. Stem wide-climbing, weak, herbaceous,

the young shoots densely clothed with pale, reddish-brown, silky tomentum.
Petioles 1-3 in. long, spreading, slender, clothed like the shoots. Leaves
rotundate-cordate in general outline, 4-6 in. broad each way, the base broadly
rounded, the blade 3 -5 -lobed two-thirds of the way down, the sinuses
rounded, the terminal lobe spathulate entire, the edge distinctly not deeply
denticulate, texture thinly herl)aceous, upper surface green, glabrous in the
mature plant, lower matted all over witli fine whitish pubescence which in
the young leaves is very dense and has a tinge of salmon-colour. Flowers
in compound lateral cymes. Peduncles spreading, ^-1-^ in. long, firm,
densely villose. Clusters dense ; pedicels very short. Calyx cyathiform,
bluntly 5 -lobed, |- line across. Petals 5, deep red, ^ line long. Stamens 5.
Ovary pentagonal, prominent, the stigma sessile.

Upper Guinea. Niger country, Nupe, Bartei- !

A wide-climbing plant, scarcely shrubby, with eatable fruit. It agrees with the .lapancftc
V. Thunbergii, S. and Z., in the clothing and shape of the leaves, but the intlorescence ia
quite different.

32. V. quadrangularis Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 628. Stem thick, wide-
climbing, herbaceous, quadrangular, constricted at the nodes, the angles
winged, naked or slightly downy except that the wings when young are
sometimes furnished with short, rigid, purple cilia. Petioles ^-1^ in. long,
succulent, glabrous. Leaves varying from ovate and entire to cordate and
deeply 3-lobed, the terminal lobe triangular or subspathulate, sometimes
slightly lobed again, the sinuses rounded and open, the lateral lubes broadly
rounded on the lower side, all distantly but rather sharply denticulate, tex-
ture membranous, both sides green and glabrous or nearly so. Flowers in
slightly compound lateral cymes. Peduncles ^-1 in. long, spreading, her-
baceous, glabrous; pedicels \-\ in. long, herbaceous, glabrous. Calyx
cyathiform, 1 line broad, green, not lobed. Petals 4, greenish. Stamens
4, the filaments very short. Berries subglobose, }-| in. each way, red
when mature, 1-seeded. Style subulate.— Wight, Ic. i. t. 51 ; Guill. et
Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 133. C. Mraptera, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 263. C. tri-
andra and C. bifida^ Schum. et Thonn. Guin. Pi. 81.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, P^rro//^^' Niger country. Barter! Curror !
Nile Land. Nubia, Schxceinfurth I Abyssinia, Dillon and TAit! Spelf and
Grant !

Iiower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

400 XLIII. AMPELIDEiE (baKER). [Vitis.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi-land, Dr. Kirk !

A wide-climbing shrub trailing over trees and bushes, and in Senegambia growing upon
the nests of the Termites ; easily recognized by its deeply-lobcd leaves and thick, herbaceous,
tetrapterous stems, constricted at the nodes. The fruit is eatable. It is also a plant of
Arabia, India, and the Moluccas.

33. V, cavicaulis^ Baker. Stem wide-climbinc!:, \ in. tMck but "hollow
in the centre and compressible, striated, naked. Petioles 4-6 in. lono:, firm,
glabrous. Leaves often measuring 1 foot each way, with 5 principal lobes
which reach two-thirds or three-quarters of the way down, the central one
spathulate, the others unequal-sided and again deeply lobed, the edge of all
broadly and not deeply toothed, texture membranous, both sides glabrous,
the veins not prominent. Tendrils long, firm. Panicle thyrsiform, the ulti-
mate branches racemose; pedicels very short, slightly pubescent. Calyx
cyathiform, not lobed, scarcely more than \-\ line broad. Petals 5, deep
red, \ line long. Stamens 5.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon river, Mann !

A wide-climbing shrub with thick, firm, herbaceous stems like those of a Heracleum^
very lai-ge, deeply-lobed leaves and very small, deep red flowers. Fruit not known.

*34.. V, vinifera, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 633. Stem wide-climbing, firm,
naked. Leaves rotundate-cordate in general outline, deeply 5-lobed, irregu-
larly and deeply, often doubly toothed, texture membranous, upper surface
glabrous, lower often slightly matted with white cottony down. Flowers in
copious thyrsoid panicles ; pedicels \ in. long, slender. Calvx under \ line
across, not lobed. Unexpanded corolla oblong, 1 line long. Petals 5.
Stamens 5. Ovary flask-shaped, the stigma sessile.

Cultivated in Abyssinia and Angola.

35. V. Grantii, Baker. Stem wide-climbing, slender, firm, naked.
Petioles 1-2 in. long, slender, firm, glabrous, slightly tomentose when young.
Leaves rotundate-cordate in general outline, deeply 5-lobed, 3-5 in. broad
each way when the plant is in flower, the basal lobes rounded, ^-f in,
deep, the terminal one spathulate, the rounded sinuses on both sides of it
reaching halfway down the leaf, the edge all rounded, furnished witli ir-
regular, triangular, mucronate teeth, texture membranous, the upper surface
full green and glabrous, the lower paler green and shining when mature,
slightly pubescent on the veins in the young plant. Tendrils slender,
copiously branched. Flowers in lateral subcymose panicles. Peduncle 1
in. or more long, firm, naked ; pedicels very short, pubescent. Calyx loosely
cyathiform, ^ line across, membranous towards the border, bluntly 5-lobed.
ITnexpanded corolla subglobose. Petals 5, \ line long. Stamens 5. Ovary
roundish, 2-celled, each cell 1 -ovulate ; stigma sessile.

Nile Land. Usui slopes, lat, 2° 42' S., Speke and Grant !

A wide-climbing shrub very closely allied to V. vinifera, from which it differs mainly by
its more finely-toothed leaves, less copiously-flowered, subcymose flower-clusters, and sub-
globose unexpanded corolla.

36. V. jatrophoides, ^(?^«>. W5S. Root thick, fleshy, perennial. Stem

FUis.] XLIII. AMPELIDE.E (baKEH). ^ (j 1

2-3 ft. high, herbaceous, erect, swollen at the nodes, glabrous, finely striated,
when living rose-purple with a glaucous bloom and an almost gla'ssy trnns-
lucence. Stipules 1 in. long, lanceolate-acuminate, flcsliy, deciduous. Pe-
tioles 0 or very short. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate, the loaflcts subcqual, oH-
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 in. long, 1-3 in. bi-oad, the point acute,
the edge sharply but not deeply eiliate-dtnticulate, the base narrowed into a
long entire haft, texture considerably succulent, both sides quite glabrous,
colour when living a subglaucous green, when dry turning nearly black.
Flowers in copiously compound, long-stalked, terminal cymes, 0 9 in. broad,
with 3-5 long-stalked primary divisions ; ultim"ate pedicels slender, glabrous,
■i-— ^ in. long. Calyx succulent, cyathiform, naked, not lobed, \ -\ line broad.
Petals and stamens 4, the corolla greenish, nearly 1 line deep, prominently
constricted downwards, glabrous on the outside. Style subulate, equalling tijc
stamens. Berry turbinate, firm, purplish-green, i-f in. long, naked.

Upper Guinea. Niger, Barter !
Lower Guinea. Ambaca, Angola, Br. Weltoitsch I
IVEozamb. Distr. Mambane, Z)r. Zt>^.'

An exceedingly distinct and well-marked species, the leaves when dried resembling a good
deal a branch of Ptccui serratus.

37. V. Currorij Boole, f. 11. Nigrit. 265 (Cissus). Stem very succu-
lent, much branched, glabrous, | in. thick. Petioles 2-3 in. long, \ in. thick,
glabrous and succulent like the stem. Leaves with 3 much-imbricated leaflets,
the terminal one 6-8 in. long, 4 in. broad, cordate-oblong, the point obtuse,
the edge with broad, blunt, irregular crenations to a depth of 1 line, the base
much rounded, the petiolule | in, long, the lateral ones nearly as large, sub-
sessile, texture succulent but not very thick, not pubescent but all over mi-
nutely punctate. Flowers in copiously compound cymes, 4-5 in. broad.
Peduncles 3-4 in. long, thick, succulent. Calyx 1 line broad, cyathiform,
naked, not lobed. Corolla pale, -} in. deep. Petals and stamens 4. Styles
fis long as the petals. Ovary glabrous, subturbinate.

Iiower Guinea. Elephants' Bay, Dr. Curror !
"A very succulent and much-branched tree," Curror.

38. V. juncea, JFebb, Fray. Fl. JEildop. 57 (Cissus). Root tuberous,
scaly. Stem erect, herbaceous, culraiform, striated, glabrous, leafless below,
stipulate at the nodes, the stipules scarious, subcoriaceous, acute, glabrous,
ciliated. Leaves quite sessile, with 3 subequal, oblong-lanceolate leaflets,
which at the time of flowering are 6-7 in. long by about 1 in. broad, nar-
rowed very gradually from the middle to both ends, the edge inciso-crenatc,
texture m'embranous, both sides quite glabrous. Flowers in lax, long-stalked,
terminal cymes, 3-4 in. broad; pedicels 1-2 lines long, slender, setose.
Calyx I line broad, cyathiform, not lobed. Corolla green, subglobosc. Pe-
tals 4. Stamens 4. Style subulate. Ovary short, glabrous. Fruit not seen.

Nile Land. Nubia, Fiffari ; Gallabat, Schxceiufurth !

39. V. erythrodes, Fresen. in Mus. Stuck, ii. 284. Stem quite woody,

suberect, terete, rugose, glabrous, but the young shoots finely grey- or slightly
ferruginous-pubescent. Petioles f-U in. long, firm, spreading, pubescent

402 XLur. AMPELiDE^ (baker). [FUis.

like the shoots. Tendrils few, firm, glabrous. Leaves constantly with only
3 leaflets, the terminal one obovate-cuneate, 2-3 in. long, 1-1|- in. broad, the
apex cuspidate or blunt, the edge distantly not deeply inciso-crenate, the
lower half cuneate, subentire, the petiolule i-f in. long, the lateral ones
spreading, subsessile, often broadly rounded on the lower side, texture sub-
coriaceous, upper surface deep green, glabrous, lower clothed with fine grey
pubescence. Flowers in small lateral cymes. Peduncles firm, villose, not
more than ^-^ in. long ; pedicels ^ in. long, firm, villose. Calyx ^ in. broad,
villose, grey, cyathiform, scarcely lobed. Petals 5, scarlet, ovate-acuminate,
about 1 line broad and long, ultimately spreading or even deflexed. Sta-
iTfiens 5, equalling the subulate style and petals. Fruit globose, -^ in. each
way, 2-celied, each cell 1-2-seeded. — A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 113.

Nile Ii and. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Roth! Billon and Petit !

liower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch I

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi-land, near Moramballa, at 3500 ft., Dr. Kirk!

Var. ^. ferruginea. Stem and leaf beneath more silky and the pubescence bright-ferru-
ginous ; leaflets larger.

Iiower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

Very near the Cape C. cuneifolia, E. and Z., from which it differs principally by the pu-
bescence of the lower side of the leaves.

40. V. pannosa. Baker. Stems firm, wide-climbing, terete, finely
striated, thinly clothed with fine purplish setae and grey pubescence. Pe-
tioles 1|~2 in. long, firm, clothed like the stem but more densely. Tendrils
firm, slightly setose. Leaves with 3 sessile, much-imbricated leaflets, tlie
terminal one broadly ovate, 3-4 in. long, 2-|-3 in. broad, the point bluntish,
the edge irregularly repand, the base rounded, the lateral ones nearly as
large, the lower side cordate, texture thin, upper surface green with very fine
grey pubescence, the lower densely matted ill over with white cottony to-
mentum. Inflorescence a subcymose panicle, 3 -4 in. broad. Peduncle 1-2
in. long, firm, pubescent, and setose ; pedicels 1 line or less long, villose.
Calyx ^ line broad, cyathiform, not lobed, villose. Corolla 1 line deep, vil-
lose. Petals and stamens 4. Style nearly equalling the corolla. Young
fruit pendulous, ovoid, densely villose.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

41. V. Ibuensis, Hooh. f. FL Nigrit. 265 (Clssus). Stems slender
but firm, very wide- climbing, angular, deeply striated, tomentose when young,
becoming glabrous when mature. Petioles ^-1 in. long, slender but firm,
pubescent. Tendrils copious, firm. Leaves with 3 leaflets, the terminal one
ovate or oblong, 2-3 in. long, about 1 in. broad, the apex pointed, the edge
furnished with shallow but sharp distant teeth, the base rounded, the pe-
tiolule |-f in. long, the lateral ones similar, spreading, not imbricated, tex-
ture membranous, both sides covered with fine grey tomentum when young,
becoming glabrous when mature. Flowers in copiously compound cymes,
lj-2 in. broad. Peduncles 4-6 in. long, firm, slender, erect, pubescent.
Pedicels 1 line long, pubescent. Calyx cyathiform, pubescent, not lobed, ^
line broad. Corolla subglobose, greenish. Petals and stamens 4. Disk

Vilis.] XLIII. AMPELlDE.f: (HAKEU).

403

conspicuous, nearly 1 line broad, reddish. Style very short. B( rrl. s irmn.I
glabrous, green, reaching ^ in. each way.

Upper Guinea. Banks of the Niger, T. Vugef, Ihatfr !
Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, belwocii Scuna aud Lupatn, Dr. Kirk !
"A climber 12 ft. long."

42. V. amplexa. Baker. Stem very widc-dimbinir, inm, -in, .i.r, an-
gular, not striated. Petioles about I in. long, glabrous, Hrni. Tendrils /ong,
firm, very slender. Leaves with 3 sessile Icatlets, the central one oblong or
obovate, 1^-2 in. long, f in. broad, the apex pointed, the edge indistinctly
dentate, the lower half subcuneate, the 2 lateral ones shorter and more
rounded at the base ; texture membranous, both sides glabrous. Flowers in
lax compound glabrous cymes, 3-4 in. broad. Peduncle 2-3 in. long, tirm ;
pedicels ^~\ in. long, slender, naked. Calyx \ line broad, cyathiform.
Corolla not seen. Style short. Berry turbinate, naked or slightly setose, \
in. deep when dry.

Mozamb. Distr. Banks of the Rovuma river, Dr. Kirk !
Comes very near the E. Indian V. avr/nstifolia^ Roxb.

43. V. adenantha, Fresen. i?i Mus. Senck. ii. 283 (Cissus). 6uui
moderately tirm, wide-climbing, copiously branched, terete, deeply striated,
finely villose when young. Petioles about l in. long, spreading, slender,
densely villose. Tendrils copious, finely branched. Leaves with from 4-7
leaflets (in our specimens), all stalked, and when there are 7 the lateral
petioles forked again ; terpiinal leaflet oblong-acuminate, cordate or rounded
at the base, the edge irregularly but not deeply inciso-crenate, the lateral
leaflets smaller, often unequal- sided ; texture membranous; upper surface
slightly villose, the lower more so, especially on the nerves. Flowers in co-
piously compound cymes about 2 in. broad. Peduncles spreading, about
2 in. long, villose like the stem ; ultimate pedicels | in. long, glandular and
villose. Calyx cyathiform, not lobed, \ line broad, villose. Corolla cylin-
drical, constricted, 1 line long, glandular. Petals and stamens 4. Style
subulate, f line long. Fruit turbinate, glabrous, ^ in. long, 2-celled. — Cmus
adenantha, A. Kich. Fl. Abyss. 110.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Native name Asserkocha. One of the most wide-trailing species, flowering in Juno.

44. V. debilis. Baker. Stem weak, herbaceous, slender, wide-trailing,
glabrous, quadrangular, deeply sulcate. Petioles 2-3 in. long, slender, herba-
ceous, glabrous. Tendrils long, very slender. Leaves quinatc, the secondary
petioles slender, glabrous, 1 in. long, the lateral ones branched about the
middle, terminal leaflet 2-3 in. long, 1-1^ in. broad, broadly ovate, pointed,
the edge entire, the base cuneate, the lateral ones similar, but rather smaller,
texture thinly membranous, both sides glabrous. Flowers in copiously com-
pound glabrous cymes, 3-4 in. broad. Peduncles 2-3 in. long, slender,
herbaceous. Ultimate pedicels \ in. long, slender. Calyx eyathiforni, not
lobed, green, under \ line broad. Petals 4, white. Style not more than \
line- long. Ovary round, glabrous.

2 1) 2

404 XLIIT. AMPELIDE^ (BAKER). [Fitis.

Upper Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Dr. Wehoitsch ! Fernando Po, Mann !
Clirabs to a heigBt of 6 ft. and flowers in June. Leaves nearly as thin as those of V. gra-
cilis and the stem perhaps the feeblest of all the species.

45. V. gracilis, Guill. et Terr. FL Seneg. i. 134 (Clssus). Stem weak,
wide-climbing, slender, glabrous, angular, sulcate. Petioles 2-4 in. long,
slender, herbaceous, angular, glabrous. Tendrils long and fine. Leaves with
3 or 5 leaflets, the petiolule of the central one 1 in. long, of the lateral ones
rather shorter and forked near the apex, terminal leaflet ovate-oblong, 3^5 in.
long, 1-|~3 in. broad, the point acute, the edge irregularly not deeply inciso-
crenate, the base rounded or cordate, the lateral ones smaller, often unequal-
sided, the basal pair, when present, often very small, colour shining green, tex-
ture thinly membranous, both sides glabrous. Flowers in copiously-branched
lax glabrous cymes, 1-4 in. broad. Peduncles 1-4 in. long, slender. Ulti-
mate pedicels ^ line long, slender. Calyx green, cyathiform, ^ line broad.
Corolla subglobose. Petals 4, |- line long. Stamens 4, about half as
long as the petals. Style very short. Ovary round, naked, 2-celled, each
cell 2-ovulate. Berries globose, glabrous, green, i-f in. each way. — Cls.s?is
subdiapkana, Steud. ; A. Eich. PL Abyss, i. 110 ; Walp. Ann. ii. 230.
C. membranacea. Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 266. C. bigemina, Harv. PI. Cap. i.
253.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet ! Fernando Po, T. Vogel! Mann!
Iioiver Guinea. Congo and Angola, Dr. Welwitsch I
Nile Land. Gallabat, Schwein/urtk ! Abyssinia, ScJiimper ! Dillon !
Mozaiub. Distr. Zambesi, between Tette and Lupata, Dr. Kirk !
A widely diffused plant, with thin shining leaves and a very weak stem, flowering in June.
Stems 12-15 ft. long, Extends southwards to Natal.

46. V. intricata. Baker. Stem rather woody, but slender, branched and
climbing profusely, glabrous, sulcate. Petioles 1-2 in.' long, glabrous. Ten-
drils copious. Leaves with 3 or 5 leaflets, the axillary petioles, when forked,
branching quite at the apex; terminal leaflets ovate-oblong, 2-3 in. long,
about 1 in. broad, the apex pointed, the edge sharply but not deeply toothed,
the base rounded, the petiolule i-f in. long, the lateral ones similar but
smaller, texture firmly membranous, both sides glabrous. Flowers in panicles
4-6 in. broad, composed of several thyrsoid or subcorymbose branches.
Pedicels 1-2 lines long, glabrous. Calyx \ line broad, cyathiform, slightly
lobed, glabrous. Corolla green, subglobose. Petals and stamens 4. Style
very short. Fruit green, globose, juicy, \-\ line each way, with two small
bony seeds.

Wile laand. Banks of the White Nile, Petherick !

Resembles V. adenocaulis in general habit and the shape and texture of the leaves, but
the corolla is very different and the lateral petioles fork at the point. " Called Leaf by
the Arabs."

47. V. tenuicaiilis. Hook. f. II. Nigrit. 266 (Cissus). Stem weak,
wide-climbing, herbaceous, slender, angular, deeply sulcate, only slightly pu-
bescent about the nodes. Petioles 1-2 in. long, spreading, weak, herbaceous,
glabrous. Tendrils copious, slender. Leaves, except at the apex of the shoots,
with 5 leaflets, the lateral petioles l)ranched above the middle ; terminal

Iritis.] XLIII. AMPELIDE^ (BAKEU). 405

leaflet oblong-lanceolate, If-S in. long, |-1 in. broad, the point aruniinale,
the edge sharply but not deeply toothed, the base rounded or even cordate, the
petiolule |-1 in. long, glabrous or slightly pubescent, the lateral ones smaller,
often unequal-sided, texture membranous, not very thin, both sides with a few
small scattered rather bristly hairs. Flowers in copiously compound lax
cymes, 3-4 in. broad. Peduncles 1-2 in. long. IVdicels 1-1 i lines long,
slender, finely downy only when young. Calyx | line "broad, naked, cyatln-
form, not lobcd. Corolla cylindrical, 1 line long. Petals and stamens 4.
Style subulate, nearly as long as the corolla. Fruit globose, naked, about |
in. each way, with two laj-ge pyriform seeds.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, T. Vogel ! Nupe, Niger country, Bailer !
North Central, liornw, E. Vogel !

Lower Guinea. Angola, in numerous localities, Br. Weltoitsch !
" Stems 8 ft. long ; underside of leaves glaucous." Very like V. gracilis in general habit,
but the corolla quite different.

48. V. adenocaulis, Steud. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. Ill (Cisaus). Stem
firm, rather woody, branched and very wide-trailing, angular, striated, clothed
with scattered deciduous setse. Petioles 1-2 in. long, glabrous or slightly
setose. Tendrils copious. Leaves with 3, 5, or occasionally 7 leaflets, the
axillary petioles forked above the middle, terminal leaflet ovate-oblong, 2-3
in. long, H-2 in. broad, the apex pointed, the edge inciso-dentate, the base
rounded or cordate, the petiolule f-1 in. long, the lateral ones similar but
smaller, texture firmly membranous, both sides glabrous or slightly pubescent.
Flowers in copiously-branched cymes, 1-3 in. broad. Peduncles 1-3 in.
long. Pedicels about 1 line long, finely pubescent. Calyx ^ line broad, cya-
thiform, not lobed, finely pubescent. Corolla cylindrical, 1 line long. Petals
and stamens 4. Style subulate, nearly as long as the corolla. Fmit black,
globose, naked, about ^ in. broad, 3-seeded in cur specimens. — Walp. Ann.
ii. 230.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schitnper ! Unyoro, Speke and Grant ! Gallabat, Schwein-
furth !

49. V. macropus, Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 77 (Ci-ssus). Root
consisting of long cylindrical subsimple fibres, the trunk forming a large
ovate-conical bulb at the base. Stem 1^-2 ft. high, suberect, very thick and
succulent. Branches 6-18 in. long, 2-4 in. thick, covered, like the petioles
and leaves, with white arachnoid hairs when young, glabrous when mature.
Petioles 2-3 in. long, thick and succulent. Leaves with 3-5 plicate leaf-
lets, the terminal one short-stalked, 4-5 in. long, l|-2 in. broad, obovate or
ovate-elliptical, the edge irregularly and closely, but not deeply toothed, the
base rounded, the lateral ones sessile, texture very succulent, both sides, when
young, arachnoid. Flowers in copiously-compound glabrous cymes, 3-4 in.
broad. Peduncles 2-4 in. long. Pedicels } in. long, slender. Calyx cya-
thiform, scarcely lobed, succulent, about 1 line broad. Corolla i in. deep and
about as broad, slightly pubescent. Petals and stamens 4. Style equalling
the petals. Berry the size of a pea, globose, reddish-violet. — Bot. Mag. 5479.

Iiower Guinea. Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

A very curious and distinct species. Its nearest ally is the Namaqualaod V. Bainesii^

406 XLIII. AMPELTDEiE (bAKER). [Fitls.

Bot. Mag. t. 5472, in which the habit is quite similar but the leaflets not more than three
in number.

50. V. crassiuscula. Baker. Stems slender, firm-herbaceous, wide-
climbing, clothed with deciduous, fine, grey, glandular pubescence. Petioles
i-^ in. long, grey-glandular, like the branches. Leaflets 5, all distinctly
stalked, the petiole of the central one 2-4 lines long, the central leaflet ovate-
oblong, 1-1-^ in. long, by about half as broad, the point bluntish, the base
rather rounded, the edge irregularly crenate-repand, the surface crisped to-
wards the edge, texture quite succulent, upper surface grass-green, lower per-
manently matted with grey glandular tomentum like that of the branches.
JFlowers in copiously compound lax cymes, 4-8 in. broad, on glandular, elon-
gated, weak, herbaceous peduncles, 3-4 in. long. Ultimate pedicels slender,
finely downy, 1-1 i- line long. Calyx -| line broad, fleshy, not lobed, downy.
Corolla 1 line deep, cylindrical, downy. Stamens and petals 4. Style subu-
late. Immature fruit ovoid, grey-tomentose.

Iiower Guinea. Loanda, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

General habit and cymes of V. cijmosa, but the leaves much smaller and permanently
matted beneath.

51. V, andongensis, Welw. mss. Stem stout, firm-herbaceous, con-
spicuously striated, clothed, when young, with fine, short, ■ salmon-coloured
tomentum. Stipules ovate, brown, under -j in. long. Petioles 1 in. long,
stout, herbaceous and downy like the branches. Leaves digitate, with 5
sessile obovate-lanceolate leaflets, the central one 4-7 in, long, 2-3 in. broad,
the point acute, the edge faintly inciso-crenatCj the base cuneate, texture thick
and considerably fleshy ; upper surface bright green and glabrous, lower densely
and permanently matted with thick, salmon-coloured, almost woolly tomen-
tum. Flowers in copiously-compound cymes, 4-5 in. broad, on stout herba-
ceous peduncles, 1-2 in. long. Pedicels downy, about 1 line long. Clusters
not bracteated. Calyx -^ line broad, very downy, slightly 4-lobed. Corolla
1 line deep, constricted, downy on the outside. Petals and stamens 4. Style
subulate. Pruit oblong, 4 lines long when dried, black and quite glabrous.

liOwer Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

52. V. chloroleuca, Welw. mss. Stem stout, firm-herbaceous, conspi-
cuously striated, slightly grey-downy when young. Stipules 1 in. long, lan-
ceolate, brown, membranous. Petioles 3-4 in. long, stout, herbaceous,
nearly glabrous. Leaves with 5 sessile ovate-oblong leaflets, the central one
6-9 in. long, 4-5 in. broad, the point acute, the base subcuneate, the edge
slightly inciso-dentate, texture thick, firm, considerably fleshy, upper surface
bright green and glabrous, lower densely and permanently matted with thick,
appressed, grey, cottony tomentum. Flowers in copiously-compound cymes,.
4-6 in. broad, on stout herbaceous peduncles about 2 in. long. Clusters
with deciduous, linear, brown, membranous bracts, nearly \ in. long. Pedi-
cels slender, 1-1^ lines long, grey-downy. Calyx f line broad, downy, sub-
entire. Corolla reddish, 1 line deep, slightly downy, soon expanding. Pe-
tals and stamens 4. Berry oblong, \ in. long when dried, densely clothed
with grey tomentum. Style subulate.

Fifis.'] XLiii. ampeudej: (baker). 407

Iiower Guinea. Iluilla, Angola, Dr. Welicitsdi. I

Resembles the preceding in general habit ; best distingui.slicd Lv ii- ,s, ,.,,,> ,,,i.i a ...
ous bracts.

53. V. pendula, Welic. mss. Stem herbaceous, niodoraldy ^
brownish, much striated, not pubescent, densely clothed with ionj;, sj)n
or deflexed, weak, gland-tipped bristles, the sam'e colour as the stem, ^t
large, ovate-acuminate, membranous. Petioles 2-3 in. long, weak, h( 1
ous, bristly like the branches. Leaves with 5 sessile, obovate-lanccolai'
lets, the central one 3-5 in. long, \\-2 iu. broad, the point acute, tin
cuneate, the edge deeply inciso-dentate, texture tliui but lleshv, upper ^:.
bright green, glabrous, lower permanently clothed all over witjj tine,.-. .:,
nearly white, cottony tomentum. Tendrils copious, herbaceous, bristly like
the branches. Flowers in copiously compound cymes, 4-G in. broad, on
bristly herbaceous peduncles, 3-4 in. long. Clusters with searious, brown,
lanceolate bracts, which exceed them. Pedicels generally about 1 line long,
slender, setose. Calyx not more than 1 line broad, pubescent and very
setose. Petals and stamens 4. Style subulate. Berries about 4 lines long,
roundish-pyriform, pendulous, red, copiously clothed with gland-tipj)*-.!
bristles like the rest of the plant.

Lower Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Br. Wehcitsch !
A very distinct species.

54. V. Thonningii, Baker. Stems firm-herbaceous, slender, tirito,
finely grey-downy and glandular when young. Petioles 1-3 in. long, firm-
herbaceous and clothed like the branches. Leaflets 5, distinctly stalked, the
terminal one obovate-oblong, 2-4 in. long by about half as broad, the point
bluntish, the base cuneate, the edge irregularly crenate-repand, texture fleshy
but not very thick, upper surface glabrous, lower slightly grey-downy. Flowers
in copiously branched lax cymes, 4-6 in. broad, on firm herbaceous peduncles,
2-3 in. long. Clusters without bracts. Pedicels 1 line long, grey-downy.
Calyx \ line broad, grey-dowmy, subentire. Corolla 1 line deep, constricted,
slightly downy. Petals and stamens 4. Style subulate, lierries roundisli-
oblong, pendulous, 4-5 lines long, densely clothed with grey down. — Cissus
cymosa, Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin. 82; Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 208.

Upper Guinea. Guinea proper, Thonning ; Nupe, Barter! Accra, T. Vogel !
IiOiTirer Guinea. Loanda and Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !
Some of Dr. Wchvitscli's specimens have the leaves opposite about the iniildlo of the stem.
We are obliged to drop the name ci/mosa, because there is alR'ady a V. cgmosa of HIuujc.

55. V. cyphopetala, Fresen. in Mus. Senck. ii. 282 (Cissus). Stem
herbaceous, angular, finely grey-downy, finely striated. Petioles about 2 in.
long, w^eak, herbaceous, finely tomentose. Tendrils copious, lurbacoous.
Leaves with 3-5 leaflets, the terminal one on a stalk \ in. long, obovate-
oblong, 2-3 in. long, \-l^ in. broad, indistinctly pointed, the fd<ie broadly
crenate, the base rounded, the lateral ones similar, usually considerably ini-
bricated, texture thin but rather succulent, ui)per side slightly grey-downy,
the lower more so. Flowers iu copiously eomjiound cymes 3 5 in. broad.
Peduncles 2-3 in. long, weak, glabrous. Pedicels weak, tomentose, 2-3 lines
long. Calyx under ^ line broad, pubescent, not lobcd. Corolla 2 lines long,

408 XLiii. AMPELiDE^ (bakee). \_Fitis.

cylindrical, pubescent. Petals and stamens 4. Style subulate, ^ in. long.
Berry unknown.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! (Abyssiuian name " Halenke temen ") ; Unyoro
plateaux, Speke and Grant !

56. V. pruriens, Welw. mss. Stems stout, herbaceous, wide-climbins:,
finely striated, finely clothed throughout with short grey hairs tipped with
brownish glands. Stipules lanceolate, 1 in. or more long, scarious, glandular.
Lower petioles 4-6 in. long, like the stem in texture and glandulosit3^
Leaflets 5, the three upper ones on petiolules l^-lf in. long, rotundate-cor-
date, 2-3 in. broad by rather more deep, the basal lobes broadly rounded,
the point acute, the edge with shai-p subdeltoid teeth, the lower pair smaller
and the stalks much shorter, textm'c considerably fleshy, both sides pale green
and glandular all over like the stems, especially on the veins beneath. Flowers
in lax copiously compound cymes, ultimately 6-9 in. broad, on glandular
herbaceous peduncles 3-4 in. long. Ultimate pedicels 1-|~2 lines long, very
glandular. Calyx cyathiform, entire, ^ line broad. Petals and stamens 4,
the former oblong, blood-red, soon spreading, 1 line long, glandular on the
outside. Style subulate, equalling the stamens. Berry oblong, watery, \ in.
long when mature, red, densely glandular like the rest of the plant.

Iiower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Br. Welioitsch !

57. V, stipulacea^ Baker. Stem stout, angular, herbaceous, weak,
densely clothed, when young, with spreading, grey, woolly hairs, some of
them gland-tipped. Petioles 4-6 in. long, stout, herbaceous and woolly like
the branches. Leaflets 5, subsessile, lanceolate-obovate, the central one 5-6
in. long by half as broad, the point acute, the base cuneate, the edge ii*regu-
larly and shai'ply inciso-dentate, texture rather fleshy and moderately thick,
upper surface glabrous when mature, lower finely grey-downy. Stipules cor-
date-ovate, membranous, downy, subpersistent, \-% in. long. Plowers in lax
copiously compound cymes ultimately 6-8 in. broad, on herbaceous peduncles
4-6 in. long. Pedicels 1-3 lines long, weak, glandular and grey-downy.
Calyx \ line broad, not lobed. Corolla 1 line deep. Petals and stamens 4.
Style subulate. Berries oblong, 4 lines long when dried, red, finely grey-
downy and glandular.

LiOTeer Guinea. Ambaca, Cazengo, and Pungo Andougo, Angola, Dr. Welwitschl
In general habit and inflorescence resembling V. serpens and mollis, but the leaves arc
fleshy,, and calyx, corolla, and fruit glandular.

68. V. stenoloba, Welw. mss. Stems erect or suberect, 1-2 ft. long,
stout, herbaceous, finely striated, finely grey- downy and glandular, without
tendrils. Stipules broadly cordate-ovate, fleshy, -l-f in. deep. Petioles 0
or very short, the leaves digitately 3- or 5-foliolate, the leaflets quite sessile,
linear or narrowly oblanceolate, 4-7 in. long, ^-1 in. broad, the point acute,
the edge distantly and iiTegularly faintly inciso-dentate, the base narrowed
into a winged petiole, texture considerably fleshy, both sides thinly grey- or
brownish-downy and glandular. Flowers in compound cymes not more than
1^2 in. broad, on terminal, finely downy and glandular, herbaceous peduncles,
2-3 in. long. Ultimate pedicels about 1 line long, downy and glandular.

FUis.] XLIII. AMPELIDEiE (BAKER). 409

Calyx downy and glandular, cyatliiform, scarcely toothed, about \ line broad.
Stamens 4. Petals not seen. Style subulate.* Berries subglobose, ^| in.
each way, blood-red, naked, gratefully acid.
Lower Guinea. Huilla, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch I

59. V. constricta, Baker. Stem wide-climbing, firm, | in. thick
finely striated, naked, constricted at the nodes, rctioles herbaceous, spread-
ing, weak, glabrous, 1-2 in. long. Tendrils stout, firm, glabrous. Leaves with
5 leaflets, the terminal one obovate-elliptical, 3-4 in. long, ^-1 in. broad, the
point acute, the edge entire, the lower part cuneate, narrowed gradunlly'into
a petiole about | in. long, the lateral ones similar, short-stalked, ereoto-
patent, the basal pair small, deflexed, sessile, texture coriaceous when dry,
both sides glabrous. Flowers in a long thyrsoid glabrous panicle, wjth a zig-
zag axis. Peduncles 2-3 in., stout, succulent. Pedicels slender, often \ in.
long. Calyx 1 line broad, fleshy, cyathiform, not lobed. Petals 4, pale,
fleshy, cohering at the top, \ in. long. Stamens 4. Style nearly equallin'^
the corolla. Young fruit ovoid, ereet, glabrous.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Niger country, Barter !

60. V. subciliata. Baker. Stems herbaceous, wide-climbing, terete,
finely striated, clothed with scattered deciduous set«. Tendrils glabrous, her-
baceous. Leaves sessile, with 3-5 leaflets, the terminal one oblong or obovate,
1|— 2 in. long, more than 1 in. broad, the point bluntish, the edge sharply
but irregularly and not deeply toothed, the base rounded, the secondary pe-
tiole \-\ in. long, the lateral ones nearly sessile and often more rounded at
the base, especially on the lower side, texture almost succulent, both sides
glabrous. Inflorescence in a lax subcymose panicle, 2-3 in. broad, the ulti-
mate, clusters of 1-3 flowers each. Pedicels \ in. long, glabrous. Calyx
cyathiform, not lobed, \ line broad. Corolla 1 line long. Petals and sta-
mens 4. Style nearly equalling the petals. Berries ^ in. long, oblong,
naked.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi-land, near Tette and banks of the Luabo river, Dr. Kirk !
Closely allied to the E. Indian C. setosa, Roxb.

61. V. Vogelii, Hook.f. Fl. Nigrit. 267 (Cissus). StCm wide-climbing
branched, stout, herbaceous, sulcate, deciduously setose. Petioles 4-6 in.
long, weak, herbaceous, slightly setose. Tendrils herbaceous. Leaves digi-
tate, with 5 leaflets, .the central one obovate, 2^ in. long, 1-1^ in. broad,
the apex acuminate or cuspidate, the edge sharply, not deeply toothed, the
lower half between cuneate and spathulate, the others similar, texture mem-
branous, colour bright green, upper surface glabrous, lower very slightly pubes-
cent on the veins. Flowers in copiously branched lax cymes, 6-9 in. broad.
Peduncles 5-6 in. long, stout, herbaceous. Pedicels :f-| in. long, slender,
glabrous. Calyx cyathiform, not lobed, glabrous or slightly pubescent, under
^ line broad. Corolla under -|- in. long, pubescent. Petals and stamens 4.
Style subulate, equalling the petals. Berry glabrous, globose, black when
mature.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vogel !

Lower Guinea. Golungo Alto, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch I

410 XLIII. AMPELIDEiE (^BAKER). [VUis.

62. V. cirrhosa, Thunb. ; DC. Prod. i. 631. Stems wide-climbing,
herbaceous, finely striated, often densely clothed with deciduous setse. Pe-
tioles 2-4 in. long, weak, glabrous or ciliated. Tendrils copious, glabrous, her-
baceous. Leaves digitate, with 5 sessile leaflets, the terminal one obovate,
4-6 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad, the apex pointed, the edge with shallow mu-
cronate teeth, the lower half narrowed gradually to the base, the lateral ones
similar but smaller, especially the basal pair, texture membranous, colour
bright green, both sides glabrous or the under one slightly pubescent. Flowers
in a subcymose panicle, which is ultimately 6-9 in. broad. Pedicels \—^ in.
long, villose, ultimately cernuous. Calyx cyathiform, ^ line broad, not lobed,
glabrous or finely villose. Corolla -g- in. long, greenish. Petals and stamens 4
"Style subulate, equalling the corolla. Pruit oblong, setose, |- in. long. —
Cissus, Pers. Ench. i. 142 ; Harv. et Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 252. C. guinata,
Ait.; DC. Prod. I.e.

Mozaxnb. Distr. Zambesi-land, in several places, JDr. Kirk!

Nile Liand. Karague, Spe&e and Grant !

A weak, wide-cHmbing shrub, with large, deciduous, membranous stipules and bract^.
We have imperfect specimens of a closely allied plant with naked stems, leaves, and fruit
from the banks of the Niger, Barter !

63. V. paucidentata, KlotzscJi in Peters' Mossamb. Pot. i. 179 (Cissus).
Stem wide-climbing, herbaceous, naked, terete, striated. Leaves digitate,
with 5 sessile leaflets, the terminal one obovate, 2-3 in. long, 1 in. broad,
the apex acuminate, the upper part with a few distant acute teeth, the lower
lialf cuneate-spathulate, the lateral ones similar, tTie basal pair smaller, texture
membranous, colour bright green, both sides glabrous. Flowers in a copiously
compound cyme about 3 in. broad, the ultimate clusters few-flowered. Pe-
dicels } in. long, glabrous, very slender. Calyx cyathiform, scarcely lobed, ^
line broad, nearly naked. Corolla 1 line long, cylindrical, constricted at the
middle. Petals and stamens 4. Style subulate, nearly equalling the petals.
Fruit unknown.

Mozamb. Distr. Sofala, Inhambane, Peters !

This most resembles V. gracilis in the texture of its stem and leaves, but the latter are
digitate.

64: V. angolensis, Paker. Stems wide-climbing, woody, slender,
terete, naked. Petioles 2-4 in. long, firm, glabrous. Leaves with 5 distinctly
stalked leaflets, the central one oblong, 3-6 in. long, 2-4 in. broad, rounded
at the base, the point acute, the edge sharply and irregularly inciso-dentate,
texture membranous, firm but thin, the under side slightly downy on the veins
when young, both surfaces glabrous when mature. Tendrils copious, firm.
Flowers in dense copiously compound cymes, on short, naked, woody pedun-
cles. Pedicels very short, slightly grey-downy when young. Calyx \ line
broad, glabrous, cyathiform, 5-lobed. Buds oblong, naked. Petals blood-red,
5, about a line long, spreading. Stamens 5. Style obsolete. Fruit sub-
globose, glabrous.

liower Guinea. Golungo Alto and Cazengo, Angola, Lr. Welwitsch !

65. V. multistriata, Paker. Stem wide-climbing, woody, firm, terete,

FUis.] XLIII. AMPELIDE.Ii (BaKEH). 411

glabrous, much and finely striated. Petioles 2-4 in. lonfr, firm, glabrous.
Tendrils long, copious, glabrous, mucli branched. Leaves with 5 subsessilc
leaflets, the terminal one ovate, S-H in. long, 2-3 in. broad wlien mature,
pointed, the edge sharply but not deeply toothed, the base cuncate, the lateral
ones nearly as large, imbricated, the lowest pair rounded at the base, U-xture
herbaceous, both sides glabrous. Flowers in copiously compound, short-
stalked, lateral, thyrspid panicles. Pedicels about 1 line long, slightlv viUose in
the early stage. Calyx \ line broad, naked, cyathiibnn, slightly 5-lobed. Pe-
tals 5, oblong, cream-coloured; 1 line long. Stamens 5. Ovary pentagonal,
crowned by the short style. Berry ovoid, | in. deep, 2-celle(i, each cell 1-2-
seeded. — V. peiitaphylla, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 135. t. 33, no!i Tlmnberg.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Niger count ry, Barter! Senegambia, Ferrottet ! Ingram!
Heudelct !

Mozamb. Distr. Rovuma, Br. Kirk !

A large-growing woody climber, with clusters of fruit like those of V. vim/era, and leave*
not unlike tliose of Ampelopsis quinquefolia.

66. V. oxyphylla, A. Rich.Fl. Abyss, i. 142. Stem firm, wide-climb-
ing, terete, striated, glabrous. Petioles 1-2 in. long, firm, glabrous. Tendrils
copious, slender, branched, glabrous. Leaves with 5 leaflets, all on short stalks,
the terminal one oblong-obovate, pointed, 2-4 in. long, |-1 in. broad, the
edge inciso-crenate, the lower half narrowed but the base rather rounded,
the lateral ones similar but smaller, the basal pair deflexed, texture firm-herba-
ceous, both sides quite glabrous, upper surface shining, lower paler. Flowers
in copiously compound cymes 2-4 in. broad. Pedicels -«- in. or more long,
naked or glandular. Calyx \ line broad, glabrous, cyathiform, not lobed.
Corolla \ in. long, cylindrical, constricted. Petals and stamens 4. Style
subulate, 1 line long. Berries turbinate, black, glnbrous, i-f- in. long when
dried. — Cissiis Schimperi, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss, n. 180.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! Billon and Petit !

67. V. bororensis^ KlotzscJi in Fc4ers' Mossamb. Bot. 179 (Cissus).

Stem wide-climbing, slender, but firm, angular, sulcatc, glabrous. Petioles
1-2 in. long, slightly downy when young. Tendrils firm, copious. Leaves
with 5 leaflets, the terminal one oblong or obovate, the point acute, the edge
deeply sen-ated, the base narrowed gradually into a short petiole, texture
herbaceous, both sides glabrous when mature. Flowers in a copiously
branched thyrsoid panicle, 6 in. long, 4 in. broad, with the main branches
springing at right angles from the axis and the ultimate dusters subcymosc.
Pedicels 2-3 lines long, glabrous. Calyx cyathiform, I line broad, scarrt-ly
toothed, glabrous. Corolla 1 line long, cylindrical, constricted at the middle.
Petals and stamens 4. Style subulate. Fruit unknown.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Boror, Peters!

Like V. oxyphylla in habit and the shape and clothing of its leaves, but iu that the flower*
are cymose and the outer leaflets stalked.

68. V. aralioides, Weho. wss. Stem climbing to a length of 30 fl.,
■woody below, scarcely more than herbaceous upwards, moderately stout, quite
glabrous, finely striated. Stipules soon deciduous. Petioles sh-nder, herba-
ceous, glabrous, 3-4 in. long. Leaflets 5, the petiolules of the terminal ones

412 XLIII. AMPELIDE^ (baKER). [FitzS,

:|-f in. long, the leaflets oblong or with a slight obovate tendency, 2-3 in.
long, l^-l-^- in. broad, the point acute, the edge faintly and distantly denticu-
late, the base subcuneate ; texture membranous, both sides gi*een and quite
glabrous. Flowers in copiously compound, stalked, thyrsoid panicles, the ulti-
mate clusters 10-12-flowered ; ultimate pedicels firm, slightly grey-downy, i-i
in. long. Calyx nearly 1 line broad, deeply cyathiform, slightly grey-downy,
quite entire. Corolla oblong, 1 line deep, not at all constricted. Stamens
and petals 4, the latter reddish, permanently cohering. Style subulate.
Berry roundish, watery, nearly 1 in. each way, bluish-purple, glabrous, edible,
1-seeded.

Iiower Guinea. Goluugo Alto, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

69. V, congesta, Baker. Stem firm-herbaceous, slender, terete,
slightly grey-downy. Leaves quite sessile, sometimes opposite; leaflets 3-5,
distinctly stalked, the central one obovate-oblong, 2|-3 in. long by about half
as broad, the point subacute, the base cuneate, the edge irregularly and con-
spicuously inciso-dentate ; texture membranous, colour bright green, lower
side a little downy. Flowers in copiously compound lax cymes 4-5 in.
broad, on short, firm-herbaceous peduncles. Clusters not bracteated ; pe-
dicels 1 line long, densely grey-downy. Calyx |- line broad, grey-downy,
not lobed. Corolla 1 line deep, constricted, downy on the outside. Petals
and stamens 4. Style subulate. Berries roundish, pyriform, ^ in. deep
when dried, glabrous.

JVEozamb. Distr. Zamhesi-land, Br. Meller !
Native name Kautawana.

70. V. Mannii, Baker. Stem wide-climbing, weak, herbaceous, gla-
brous, deeply sulcate. Petioles 2-3 in. long, weak, glabrous, herbaceous.
Tendrils herbaceous, weak. Leaves with 5 leaflets, the central one obovate-
elliptical, 2-3 in. long, 1-1-| in, broad, the apex acute, the edge conspicuously
serrated, the lower half subentire and cuneate with a short petiole, the others
similar but smaller ; texture membranous, colour bright green, both sides
nearly glabrous when mature. Flowers in copiously compound lax cymes, 3-4
in. broad. Peduncles 3-6 in. long, weak, slender, herbaceous, the upper
part densely villose ; pedicels slender, villose, 1-2 lines long. Calyx -§• line
broad, cyathiform, villose, not lobed. Corolla cylindrical, 2 lines long.
Petals and stamens 4. Style subulate, nearly equalling the petals. Fruit
unknown. — V. cyphopetala, var. occidentalis, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
vii. 189,

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, at 7000 ft., Mann !
Cyme and flowers of V. cijphojpetala, but the leaves different.

71. V. serpens, Hochst. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. Ill (Cissus). Stem
stout, herbaceous, wide-climbing, deeply striated, thinly clothed with fine,
grey, glandular pubescence. Stipules lanceolate, herbaceous, f-1 in. long.
Leaves digitately 5-7-foliolate, sessile or with short, herbaceous, grey-downy
petioles, the leaflets obovate-lanceolate, the central one 4-6 in. long, 1^-2
in. broad, the point acute or bluntish, the base cuneate, the edge conspi-

FUis.] XLIII. AMPELIDEiE (bAKER). 413

cuously and irregularly inciso-dentate ; texture membranous, veins beneath
clothed with fine grey down. Tendrils weak, herbaceous. Flowers in co-
piously compound cymes 3 or 4 in. broad, on stout herbaceous peduncles
3-4 in. long ; pedicels 1 line long, clothed with glandular grey down. Cnl^x
I line broad, not lobed. Corolla 1 line deep. Petals and stamens 4. Berry
oblong-turbinate, glabrous, 4 lines long when dry, tipped with the subulate
style.

Nile Iiand. Gallabat, Schweiyifurth ! Abyssinia, Schimprr !

Var. )8. V. ynollis, Steud. iu A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. Ill {Cissu3). I/avrs and stems more
downv and the pubescence with a ferruginous tinge ; pedicels longer. Abyssinia, Schimper !

72. V. flavicans. Baker. Stem suberect, stout, firm-herbaceous, an-
gular, deeply striated, when young slightly gi-ey-downy and setose, when ma-
ture glabrous. Petioles 4-6 in. long, angular, compressible, striated, clothed
\vith short, spreading, yellowish hairs and pellucid set®. Tendrils none in
our specimens. Leaves digitate with 5 sessile leaflets, the terminal one ob-
long-lanceolate, 6-10 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, the point acute, the edge
slightly inciso-crenate, the lower part narrowed gradually to a cuneate base,
the lateral ones similar, close but not imbricated, the lowest pair rounded
on the outer side at the base ; texture firmly membranous, upper surface sca-
brous, lower clothed, especially on the raised veins and veinlets, with fine,
stiff, yellowish hairs. Flowers in copiously branched, short-stalked, lateral
cymes, 6-8 in. broad ; pedicels \-\ in. long, villose and densely setose.
Calyx cyathiform, not lobed, f- 1 line broad, densely villose. Petals and
stamens 4. Style \ in. long. Fruit crimson, turbinate, densely setose, }
in. deep.

Upper Guinea. Niger country, Barter !

General habit of the preceding, but the leaves thicker iu texture, the stems stronger, and
berry glandular.

73. V, curvipoda, Baker. Stems slender but quite woody, wide-
climbing, angular, naked, deeply sulcate. Petioles 1-5 in. long, firm, clotlied
with fine, grey, deciduous pubescence. Tendrils firm, copious, glabrous.
Leaves with 5 leaflets, the terminal one obovate-oblong, 4-5 in. long, 1^-2
in. broad, the point acute, the edge with a few shallow, broad, mucronate
crenations, the base rounded or cuneate, the petiolule 1 in. long, clothed with
fine grey pubescence, the lateral ones similar but smaller and on shorter
stalks ; texture membranous, both sides finely pubescent, especially on the
veins when young, nearly glabrous when mature. Flowers in a cymose
panicle 3-4 in. broad. Peduncles 3-4 in. long, firm, downy ; pedicels
■^-1 line long, villose. Calyx under \ line broad, villose, slightly lobed.
Corolla longer than broad. * Petals and stamens 4. Style nearly equal-
ling the corolla. Young fruit pendulous, turbinate, both downy and slightly
setose.

Upper Grninea. Island of St. Thomas, 2000 ft. above sca-lcvi-l, Mann !

74. V. concinna, Baker. Stems terete, slender, (pnte woody, wide-
climbing, slightly matted when young with cottony tomcntum, for the rest

414 XLIII. AMPELIDE^ (baKER). [VUis.

glabrous. Petioles 1-lJ in. long, firm and slightly matted. Leaflets 5, the
petiole of the terminal one more than ^ in. long, the central leaflet obovate-
oblong, 2-2^ in. long by about half as broad, the apex acute, the base
broadly rounded, the edge faintly inciso-dentate ; texture membranous, upper
surface nearly or quite glabrous when mature, Ipwer matted all over with ap-
pressed, grey, slightly salmon-coloured, cottony tomentum. Tendrils firm
and copious. Flow^ers in dense cymose heads about 1 in. broad, on firm
woody peduncles 1 in. or less in length; pedicels very short. Calyx | line
broad, distinctly 5-lobed, scarious and considerably webbed. Buds crimson,
roundish, glabrous, under 1 line long. Stamens and petals 5, the latter soon
spreading. Berry not seen.

liower Guinea. Loanda, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

75. V. obtusata, Welw. mss. Stems wide-climbing, quite woody,
terete, striated, only the young branches slightly grey-downy. Petioles
about 1 in. long, firm, woody, slightly downy. Leaflets 5, the terminal one
on a petiolule 3-4 lines long, the leaflets obovate, 4-6 in. long by half as
broad, narrowed throughout the lower half, the point obtuse, the edge faintly
toothed; texture membranous, upper surface glabrous, lower thinly grey-
downy, the lateral leaflets sessile or nearly so. Flow^ers in dense cymose heads,
1 or finally 2 in. broad, on woody peduncles 1 in. or rather more long ; pe-
dicels very short. Buds globose, crimson. Calyx 1 line broad, scarious,
distinctly 5-lobed. Stamens and petals 5. Style none. Young fruit gla-
brous, turbinate.

IiOiver Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch !

70. V. arcuata^ TFelio. mss. Stems quite woody, stout, terete, faintly
grey-downy when young, 4-6 ft. high, at first erect, afterwards arcuate, the
leaves and branches secund. Petioles 1-1 ^ in. long, w^oody, slightly grey-
downy. Leaflets 5, the central one on a petiolule 3-4 lines long, the leaflets
lanceolate-obovate, 4-5 in. long, about 2 in. broad, the point acute, the base
cuneate, the edge sharply and irregularly inciso-dentate ; texture membranous,
upper surface glabrous, lower thinly clothed with grey rather cottony pubes-
cence. Flowers in dense cymose heads about 1 in. broad, on firm woody
peduncles about 1 in. long ; pedicels glabrous, very short. Calyx deeply cya-
thiform, f line broad, glabrous, indistinctly 5-lobed. Buds globose, glabrous.
Stamens and petals 5, the latter reddisli-purple, yellow within. Style 0.
Immature fruit glabrous, turbinate.

Iioi^er Guinea. Pungo Andongo, Angola, Br. Welwitsch !

77. V, dissecta, Baker. Stems stout, suberect, 3-5 ft. high, deeply
sulcate, slightly matted upwards with cottony tomentum. Petioles 1|— 3 in.
long, firm. Leaflets 3-5, the lateral ones sessile or nearly so, the terminal
one on a petiole about \ in. long, oblong or obovate in general outline, 6-8
in. long by about half as broad, pinnatifid nearly or quite halfway down to
the midrib, the point blunt or subacute, the base cuneate, -the edge distinctly
inciso-dentate ; texture membranous, upper surface green, glabrous when ma-
ture, lower matted all over with appressed, grey or slightly salmon-coloured,

FUis.'l XLIII. AMPELIDE^ (baKEK). 41',

cottony tomentura. Tendrils 0 in the specimens. Flowers in con^cstetl
cymes not more than 1 in. broad, on firm, woody, slightly matted peduncles
about 1 in. long ; pedicels very short. Calyx 1 line broad, deeply cyathi-
form, brown, scarious, not lobed. Buds ' frlobose, naked. JStainens and
petals 5, the latter crimson. Style 0. Fruit not seen.

liower Guinea. Huilla and Puiigo Andotigo, Angola, Dr. Welwilsch !
In everything except the leaves this resembles V. heracleifolia, and it i« Dot unlikL-Iv
they may be two forms of one species.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

78. V. Figariana Webb, Frag. Ft. Mhiop. 58 (Cm«.j). Stem short,
erect, the whole plant clothed with hairs and purplish setjc. Leaves sessile
with 5-7 leaflets (shape not stated). Flowers in terminal cymes. Ovary
glabrous. Style short. Calyx and purplish corolla setose like the rest of
the plant. •

Nile Laud. Nubia, Figari.

2. LEEA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. i. 3SS.

Calyx cyathiform, deeply 5-lobed. Petals 5, partially connate with the
tube of stamens, at first cohering by their edges, finally recurved. Stamens
5, the filaments connected by a tube which is more than half as long as the
corolla, the anthers bent over its edge and united together in a ring inside
it. Ovary 5-6-celled. Style short. Fruit a depressed, dry, 5-r)-cellcd
beri'y with 1 seed in each cell. — Shrubs with opposite pinnate or rarely 2-
pinnate leaves.

A small genus almost confined to tropical Asia.

Corolla -I- in. deep 1. L. sambucina.

Corolla 1 in. deep 2. L. lutctorui.

1. L. sambucina, TFilld. ; DC. Prod. i. G35. A subcrect woody
shrub about 8 ft. high, w^ithout tendrils. Branches woody, terete, naked.
Leaves with a terminal leaflet and 1-4 shortly stalked similar ones on each
side, or rarely 2-pinnate below; leaflets elliptical, 4-8 in. long, 2-3 in.
broad, the apex pointed, the edge distantly and not deeply toothed, the base
rounded; texture firmly membranous, both sides glabrous. Flowers in n co-
piously branched sessile or pedunculated cyme with tomentose or naked
branches. Calyx cyathiform, green, villose, with 5 teeth which are about ns
broad as deep. Corolla oblong, \ in. deep, glabrous, bright red on the out-
side, yellow within or entirely orange. Petals 5. Corona more than half na
deep as the corolla, connate with it below, free upwards, the aV^n faintly
toothed, the filaments equalling it and the anthers joined edge to viV^^c inside
it. Berries hard, naked, depresso-globose, 5-6-see(led, 5-G.suleatc. J -J in.
broad.— Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin. 131. L. gnitieoni^, Don, Gen. Svst. i.
712.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Sierra Ixonc, and the Ni-tr (.•..miti\ , „ mu uu v^ an
collectors. " One of the greatest oniamcuts of the forest."

41 G XLiii. AMPELiDEiE (baker). \_Leea.

Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith ! Angola, Dr. Welwitsck !
Ranges through tropical Asia to Polynesia.

2. L. tinctoria, Lindl. mss. in Herb. Kew. A suberect shrub, 5-10 ft.
high with woody, terete, naked branches. Petioles 3-4 in. long, firm,
naked, woody. Leaflets in 2 opposite pairs 2-3 in. apart, and a terminal
one, oblong, 5-8 in. long, 2|— 3 in. broad, the point acute, the base broadly
cuneate or a little rounded, the edge indistinctly toothed ; texture subcoriace-
ous, both sides glabrous ; petiolules of the side leaflets f-|- in. long. Plowers
in lax cymes 5-6 in. broad, on firm woody peduncles 3-4 in. long, the
branches ferrugineo-tomentose ; ultimate pedicels \ in. long. Calyx glabrous,
campanulate, 1^-2 lines deep with 5 deltoid teeth reaching about a third
down. Buds narrow-oblong. Corolla 5-6 lines deep, the petals the same
colour as in the preceding ; the staminal tube three-quarters as long as the
corolla. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Ackerman I Dr. Welwitsck I
Used in dyeing. Dr. Lindley and Dr. Welwitsch have both given it the same specific
name in manuscript independent of one another.

Order XLIY. SAPINDACE^ (by Mr. J. G. Baker).

Flowers usually polygamous, regular or irregular. Sepals 4-5, rarely
0 or more numerous, free or more or less connate, often unequal, usually im-
bricated, sometimes valvate. Petals 3-5, rarely 0 or more numerous, equal
or unequal, the lower often absent or smaller than the rest, imbricated,
usually bearded or furnished Avith a scale on the inner face. Disk various,
complete or incomplete, sometimes 1 -sided, rarely absent. Stamens 5-24,
in the African species usually 8, usually inserted below the disk, sometimes
unilateral, straight or declinate, sometimes inserted above the disk or round
its base ; the filaments usually elongated, filiform or subulate, often villose.
Anthers oblong and didymous or linear and tetragonous, versatile or at-
tached at the base. Ovary centrical or eccentric, entire or more or less,
often deeply, lobed, 1-4, usually 3-celled. Style terminal, simple or divided,
straight or declinate, sometimes twisted; stigma usually simple. Ovules
anatropal campylotropal or amphitropal, usually solitary in the cells, ascend-
ing and aflixed to the axis, with a usually ventral raphe and- inferior mi-
cropyle, rarely horizontal or inverted, the funiculus usually tumid. Pruit
capsular or indehiscent, drupaceous baccate or coriaceous, entire or lobed,
rarely of 2-3 samaras, the valves dehiscing variously. Seeds globose or com-
pressed, naked or arillate ; testa various, often horny ; albumen usually 0.
Embryo usually thick, often plicate or spirally convolute. Cotyledons
usually plano-convex, large and unequal, collateral or superposed ; radicle
short, inferior, mostly descending. — Often tall trees, rarely shrubs or herbs,
sometimes climbing and cirrhiferous. Leaves alternate in the suborders
represented in tropical Africa, often evergreen, usually without stipules,
simple or compound, imparipinnate or equally pinnate. Inflorescence various,
Flowers always small and inconspicuous. Pmit occasionally edible.

An Order of 600-700 species, mostly tropical, but a very small proportion African.

XLIV. SAPINDACE.^ (BAKKk). 417

Seeds exalbuminous.

Ovules solitary in the cells.

Flowers irregular, with a unilateral disk.
Fruit not vertically lobed.

Fruit an inflated membranous capsule 1. ( AUDinvi-f Kury.

Fruit a hard bony pyriform capsule 2. Falllinu.

Fruit deeply lobed vertically into indehiscent cocci.

Sepals 5 3. Erioolossl'M.

Sepals 4 4. Scmmidllu.

Flowers regular with a centrical disk.
Fruit dehiscent.

Sepals much imbricated 5. ( ipama.

Sepals scarcely or not at all imbricated.

Disk thick, fleshy C. Hmgiiia.

Disk thin, membranous 7. Krioccimjsi.

Fruit indehiscent.

Fruit not lobed vertically.

Sepals much imbricated 8. Lecaniodiscus.

Calyx with 5 valvate lobes reaching about halfway

down 9. Chytbanthls.

Fruit vertically 2-3-partite nearly or quite to the base.

Seeds exarillate 10. Sapindus.

Seeds arillate ^ 11. Deinbollia.

Ovules 2 iu the cells 12. Dodon.ka.

Seeds albuminous 13. Beksama.

1. CARDIOSPERMUM, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. i. 393.

Flowers irregular, polygamo-dioecions. Sepals 4, concave, broadly im-
bricated, the 2 outer ones small. Petals 4, in 2 pairs, the larger ones with
a large scale and the smaller ones with a small one. Disk unilateral, iin-
dulated, with 2 glands opposite the inferior petals. Stamens 8, eccentric,
the filaments unequal, free or connate at the base. Ovary sessile or stipi-
tate, 3-locular. Style short, 3-fid. Ovules solitary in the cells, ascending
from the middle of the axis. Capsules 3-gonous, the lobes inflated, mem-
branous, veined, dehiscing loculicidally. Seeds globose, usually arillate nt
the base, the testa crustaceous. Cotyledons large, transversely folded to-
gether.— Much-branched climbing herbs or slender shrubs.

A small genus, belting the world in the tropics.

Flowers ^ in. long.

Capsule roundish in outline, li in. each way 1- C. Hahcacabum.

Capsule obversely deltoid, | in. each way 2. C. microcarpum.

Flowers i in. long.

Stem suffruticose, closely grey-downy 3. C. canescens.

Stem herbaceous, clothed with long spreading hairs \. C. barbicauU.

1. C. Halicacabum, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. GOl. Stems annual,

slender, herbaceous, deeply 'sulcate, glabrous or finely grey-downy. IVtioies
slender, herbaceous, 1-2 in. long. Leaves bitcrnate, the divisions stalked.
]-3 in. broad, with deeply inciso-pinnatifid, ovate segments ; texture membra-
nous, colour bright green, surfaces glabrous or a little downy. Flowers in
axillary 8-fid umbels, on slender herbaceous peduncles. 2 3 in. long with a
pair of opposite spirally decurved tendrils from near the apex. Bracts mi-
VOL. I. »

418 XLiv. SAFINDACEJE (baker). \_Cardiospermum .

nute, linear; pedicels ^-f in. long, 2-3-flowered. Male flowers \ in. long,
the largest pair of sepals equalling the white petals. Glands roundish.
Capsule distinctly stalked, roundish in general outline, 1^-1 i in. each way,
glabrous or slightly pubescent, the seeds round, black, 2 lines broad with a
white arilkis. — Bot. Mag. t. 1049. C. Jdrsutum and C. glabrum, Schum.
andThonn. PL Guin. 19G-7.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot ! Bidje?n ! Guinea, T. Vogel ! Barter !
" A common riverside plant."

Nile Land. Nubia, Petherick ! Gallabat, Schweinfurlh ! Unyoro,and common every-
where from 7° S. to 2° N. lat., Speke and Grant!

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi-land, i)r. Jf^//?r / Peters

Everywhere in the tropics. A specimen from Annabon, Capt. Burton, with downy stems
and leaves, the valves of the capsule not more than \ in. broad and umbels not regularly
3-fid, may possibly be C. molle^ H. B. K.

2. C. microcarpum, ^. -5. X. ; DC. Prod. i. 601. Stems annual,
slender, herbaceous, deeply sulcate, glabrous or finely grey-downy. Petioles
shorter than in the preceding, the leaves similarly biternate, the segments
generally smaller and more deeply cut; texture membranous, surfaces gla-
brous or slightly downy. Plowers arranged as in the preceding and similar
in size and structure, but tlie capsule more or less distinctly obversely tri-
angular, not more than |- in. each way. — C. Halicacabum, Webb in Fl. Nigrit.
114, in part; Sond. Fl. Cap. 237 (excl. syn.). C. acuminatum, Miquel in
Linnaea, xviii. 359. C. microspermum, E. Meyer in Drege, PI. Exsicc. C.
truncatum, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 101.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot ! Fernando Po, Mann ! Guinea, T. Vogel !

North Central. Boruu, E. Vogel!

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Dillon !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi-land, Peters !

Also a plant of the Cape and Comoro islands, and distributed throughout the tropics.

3. C. canescens. Wall, PI. Asiat. Ear. i. 14. t. 14. Stems slender,
suffruticose, deeply sulcate, finely grey-downy. Petioles short, often scarcely
any. Leaves biternate or the lateral divisions reduced so that they appear
like pinnae, the segments ovate, deeply inciso-pinnatifid, the colour a duller
green and the texture firmer than in the others, and especially the lower
surface always downy, with the main veins a little raised. Peduncles 3-4
in. long, usually much exceeding the leaves, with a pair of opposite, spirally
decurved, firm tendrils near the apex, the forks of the umbel 3 or 4, each
2-6-flowered and 1 sometimes branched. Fully developed flowers nearly \
in. long, the larger sepals equalling the white petals, the filaments slightly
hairy and the glands oblong. Capsule distinctly stipitate, roundish in
general outline, measuring 1-li in. each way. — Wight and Arn. Prod. Fl.
Ind. 109. C. moUe? Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. 761. C. clematideim
and C. oblongum^ A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 100.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Sckimper ! Billon !
A common E. Indian species.

4. C. barbicaule. Baker. Stems slender, herbaceous, climbing to a
height of 30 ft., deeply sulcate, thinly clothed with fine, spreading, grey

Cardiospermum.^ XLiv sapindace^ (bakek) 419

hairs U-2 lines lono^. Petioles 1^-2 in. loiijr, slender. I^nves (li«,linclly
biternate, the central division with a stalk more than 1 in. lon<;, the sej;-
nicnts stalked, ovate, incjso-pinnatifid ; texture nicnihranoiis. colour brijrht
green, upper surface olabrous, nnder one with tufts of l.airs in tlie axils
of the main veins. Peduncles herbaceous, fjlabrous, 5-G in. \o\\\r. Uin-
bcls with G-8 branches, some of them simple, l-:i-flowcrcd, some s^niii
umbellate or subpaniculate. Flowers quite i in. long, the larger »epnls 2
lines broad, equalling the white obovate petals; tilaments \ in. long, wl.itc,
naked, free. Pistil grey-villose, equalling the stamens. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Camaroons mountain, at 2000 ft., Mann !

Received also and cultivated at Kew from Mr. Mouteiro. Agrees with the W. Inditn
C. grandifiorum, Sw., in the size and arrangement of the flowers.

2. PAULLINIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 394.

Flowers irregular, polygamo-dioecious. Sepals 5, concave, imbricated,
the 2 upper ones larger and connate. Petals 4, the place of the fifth va-
cant, furnished with a scale internally, the 2 smaller ones appendiculate,
with a scale below^ the apex. Disk annular, with 4 glands, the 2 which arc
opposite the smaller petals larger than the other 2. Stamens 8, eccentric,
the filaments free or connate at the base. Ovary eccentric, stalked or sub-
sessile, 3-locular. Style 3-fid. Ovules solitary or very rarely 2 in the cells,
ascending from the middle of the axis. Capsule stalked, pyriform, 3-
gonous or 3-winged above, coriaceous, with 3 septicidal valves. Seeds
shortly arillate with a crustaceous testa; embryo curved, rarely straight. —
Climbing shrubs.

A'large genus ; all the species confined to America with this exccjition.

1. P. pinnata, Linn,; DC. Prod. i. 604. A wide-clind)ing shrub with
strong, woody, deeply sulcate, glabrous stems. Petioles 13 in. long, with ^
wing l-f in. broad upwards, narrowed to the base. Leaves imparipinnate,
with 2 pairs of sessile opposite leaflets and a sessile terminal one, the latter
obovate-oblong, cuneate at the base, 3-6 in. long by about half as broad,
the point acute, the edge with conspicuous, distant, blunt teeth, the side
ones similar but shorter ; texture subcoriaceous, both sides (piite glabrous.
Flowers in racemes 3-4 in. long, ^-^ in. broad, with a woody spiral tendril
at the base, on long woody peduncles as long as or longer than the racemes.
Flowers very numerous, clustered, the clusters sometimes stalked, not more
than 1 line long, subglobose, the larger sepals equalling the whitish corolla,
the pedicel equalling the flower, both it and sepals a little grey-downy.
Capsule woody, turbinate, about 1 in. long by half as broad, quite glabrous,
brownish, 3-valved, the valves angled upwards on the back, with a (listinct
stalk passing graduallv into the capsule. — P. sencgalensii, Ju89. in Ann.
Mus. iv. 348; DC. 1. c. 605; Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 116. P. mtatc,
Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin. 195. P. africono, G. Don, Gen. Svst. i. 661.

"Upper Guinea. Sencgamhia, Steber ! Ilevdcht ! Slues! Guinea pr- prr, T. t'o^el I
Barter! S'wrva Lcowe, Don, iJr. Kiri /

Plozamb. Distr. Zambesi-land, Drs. MeUer and Knk'

420 XLIV. SAPiNDACEiE (bakeii). [PaullinU/.

Also a plant of Madagascar and frequent in tropical America. The W. Indian P. si)hce-
rocarpa. Rich., is given as a native of Guinea by mistake in De Candolle's ' Prodromus.'

3. ERIOGLOSSUM, Blume ; Bentli. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 396.

Flowers irregular, polygamo-monascioiis. Sepals 5, unequal, roundish,
concave, the 2 outer ones smaller than the others, broadly imbricated, in 2
rows. Petals 4, with the place of the fifth vacant, unequal, unguiculate,
furnished with a hooded scale above the claw which is crested on the back.
Disk unilateral, lobed. Stamens 8, excentric, the filaments pilose, unequal,
the anthers slightly exserted. Ovary stalked, obovate-cordate, 3-lobed, 3-
celled, the style slender, the stigma obscurely 3-lobed. Ovules solitary,
ascending from the base of the cells. Fruit (not seen in the African species)
divided to the base into obtuse oblong or subcylindrical, indehiscent lobes.
Seeds oblong, exarillate, with a membranous testa. Embryo straight, the
cotyledons thick. — Erect trees.

One or two other species, tropical Asiatic.

1. E. cauliflorum, Guill. et Perr. FL Seneg. i. 118. t. 28. An erect
tree, 15-20 ft. high, with ferruginous young branches. Main petiole about
2 in. long, ferruginous like the branches. Leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets in
2-4 sessile, opposite or casually alternate pairs, ovate-oblong, 3-5 in. long
by less than half as broad, the point subobtuse, the edge entire, texture sub-
coriaceous, both sides glabrous, the upper pale green and shining. Flowers in
slender, sessile, many-flowered racemes from the old ^vood, 3-4 in. long, the
rachis feiTuginous-villose. Bracts ovate, equalling the grey-villose pedicels
and calyx, which are both about \ in. long. Petals equal, pink, scarcely ex-
ceeding the calyx, ovate-oblong, fimbriated, with a large crested scale. •♦ Sta-
mens exserted. Ovary globose-trigonous, w^oolly, 3-celled, the cells uniovulate.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet !

4. SCHMIDELIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 396.

Flowers polygamo-dioecious. Sepals four, in two opposite pairs, membra-
nous, cucullate, broadly imbricated, the two outer ones smaller than the
others. Petals 4, small or absent, glabrous or villose internally. Disk uni-
lateral, entire or lobed or with a gland opposite each petal. Stamens excentric
or subcentric, included or shortly exserted. Ovary excentric, single and 1-
celled or didymous and 2-celled, rarely 3-lobed and 3-celled ; style robust,
divided sometimes to the base into 2 or 3 lobes. Ovules solitary in the
cells, ascending from the base. Cocci of the fruit one or two, turbinate or
subglobose, dry and coriaceous or fleshy. Seeds erect, w^ith a short fleshy
arillus. Embryo curved, the cotyledons conduplicate. — Trees or shrubs with-
out tendrils.

A large genns belting the world in the tropics, represented most abundantly in America.
Leaves digitately 3-foliolate.

Leaves quite glabrous on both sides when mature.
Inflorescence copiously paniculate.

Schmidelia.'] xliv. sapindace.b (bakeu). 421

Central leaflet 4-6 in. long, distantly and bluntly toothed . 1.5. africanm.

Central leaflet nearly 1 ft. long, subentire 2. -S". grandtfolm.

Inflorescence in simple or slightly branclud racemes.

Leaflets ohovatc, blunt, subentire 3. .*? ainifolta.

Leaflets oblong-cuneate, conspicuously inciso-repand ... 4. .S". re-panda.
Leaflets hairy beneath.

Flowers principally in a copious terminal panicle 5. .S. affinit.

Flowers in axillary simple or slightly branched racemca.

Leaves obovate-cuneate, pubescence short C. .^. rubtfolia.

Leaves oblong-cuneate, pubescence long and spreading . . . I.S.magica.

Leaflets 1- or 2 jugate 8. S. tAyrsotJei.

Leaves simple.
Calyx erect.

Leaves membranous, with tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins

beneath 9. 5. hirtella.

Leaves coriaceous, both sides quite glabrous.

Base of leaves cuiicate 10. S. monophtflla.

Base of leaves rounded 11. S. obfongifolia.

Calyx reflexed after expansion 12. 6". rejtera.

1. S. africana, DC. Prod. i. 610. A tree, 30-40 ft. high, with ^Uow^
wood}' branches, g-labrous or slightly grey-downy when yonng. Petioles iirn).
woody, 1-2 in. long. Leaflets 3, nearly sessile, oblong-cuneate, the central
one 4-6 in. long by about half as broad, the ujiper part di.stantly and bluntly
toothed, the cuneate base entire, the point bluntish or subacute, texture sub-
coriaceous, both surfaces quite glabrous when mature, lower with the main
veins raised, and with a tuft of hairs in their axils when young. Flowers in
copiously branched, short-stalked, axillary and terminal panicles, the branches
racemose, the lower ones 3-4 in. long, the flowers densely crowded upon
them, aggregated in clusters of 3-4 (iach, the axils and pedicels finely grey-
downy, the latter about equalling the flowers, which are from -3-^ line long,
the longer sepals equalling the petals, the stamens twice as long. Capsule
hard, solitary, blackish, glabrous, globose-turbinate, with a distinct neck,
4-5 lines long.— Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 120. A. Rich., Fl. Abyss, i. 120.
t. 27. Mlophilus africanns, P. Beauv. Fl. Oware, ii. p. 54. t. 107. S. abya-
smicus, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 80. Jzainnra trifoliata, Hochst. in Schimp.
PI. Abyss, n. 377. Ornitroplie tri&tachyos, Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin.
188.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perottet! Guinea proper, Beauvoxs, Thonning ! T.
Togpl ! Barter l Irving ! Mann ! Sierra Leone, T. Vogel !

Nile Land. Abyssiuia, Schimper ! Roth! Dillon and Petit ! Kordoftn, Fignri,
fide Webb.

Native names " Azamara " and " Souaria."

The Senegambian S. senegaJensis, l^eichb. in Sicb. Eisitc. n. 29, is apparently • Nanctr
of this, with subentire leaflets, H ia- lt>"gi and nearly sessile, simple or 1 2-forke.i, short
spikes. The S. African 5. melanocarpa and S. lencocarpa, arc either varieties ot the wrae
speeics or very near to it.

2. S. grandifolia. Baker. A tree 40 ft. high, witli glabrous, terete,
strong, smooth, ash-coloured, woody branches. Petiole 4 in. long, quUc
smooth and woody like the branches. Leaflets 3, nearly sessile, oblong, the
central one nearly 1 ft. long, 4-5 inches broad, narrowed gradually from t lie
middle to both ends, the point acute, the edge faintly and remotely dcniicu-

422 XLiv. SAPlNDACE^ (baker). [Schmidella.

late in the upper third, texture subcoriaceous, both sides quite glabrous, bright
green, the veins beneath slender and not much raised. Flowers in copious
elongated panicles on firm, woody, naked peduncles, 2-3 in. long, from the
axils of the leaves. Branches laxly racemose, the flowers slightly clustered,
the rachis and pedicels a little downy, the latter about equalling the flowers,
which are \ line long. Sepals green, glabrous, boat-shaped, much imbricated,
rather shorter than the Ungulate whitish petals, which are densely villose over
the inner surface. Anthers not seen. Immature fruit a round, solitary,
blackish, coriaceous, naked coccus.

Upper Guinea. Prince's Island, Barter !
A well-marked species.

3. S. alnifolia. Baker. Branches woody, glabrous, smooth, brown,
terete. Petioles firm, slender, glabrous, 1|— 2 in. long. Leaflets 3, all obo-
vate-cuneate, the central one short-stalked, 2-2-^ in. long by half as broad,
the point blunt, the lower two-thirds narrowed gradually, the edge subentire,
the lateral ones similar, but smaller and rather unequal-sided, ^texture sub-
coriaceous, both sides quite glabrous ; veins beneath not raised. Flowers
in lax, very slender simple racemes, 3-4 in. long, on peduncles about 1 in.
long, from the axils of the leaves ; rachis and pedicels nearly glabrous, the
latter equalling the glabrous green sepals, the two larger of which are \ line
long, broader than long, ultimately spreading or even reflexed. Petals none.
Stamens not seen. Ovary globose, grey-villose, with a 2-fid naked style,
more than twice as long as the calyx. Pruit not seen.

Mozamb. Distr. Mozambique, Forbes !

This comes near the common Mascarene S. integrifolia, DC, in many respects, but differs
materially in the shape of the leaves.

4. S. repanda. Baker. A small tree, with glabrous, terete, slender,
mottled, brownish, ultimate branches. Petioles 1-li in. long, slender, glabrous.
Leaflets 3, the centriil one oblong-cuneate, 2-3^ in. long, 1-1 i in. broad,
broadest about halfway down, the point acute, the edge conspicuously inciso-
repand, the lower third narrowly cuneate and entire, with a short petiole,
texture membranous, both sides quite glabrous, the upper deep green, the lower
paler, the veins fine and but little raised. Flowers in lax slender simple or
slightly branched racemes, 3-4 in. long, on slender glabrous peduncles 1-2 in.
long, from the axils of the leaves ; rachis glabrous or a little ' downy ; the
flowers in clusters, those of the lower part with a space between them. Pe-
dicels glabrous, slender, equalling the calyx, which is not more than i line
long. Sepals round, glabrous on the back, green, with a membranous border.
Petals none. Ovary grey-villose, the style glabrous, exserted, 2-fid. Sta-
mens and fruit not seen.

Mozamb. Distr. Banks of the Shire and Rovuma, Drs. Kirk and Meller !
Gathered also on the Livingstone Expedition on Mohilla Island. Agrees with S. alni-
folia in the flowers, but the racemes sometimes branched and leaves very different.

5. S. affinis, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 121. A tree, 20 ft. high, with
woody, finely grey-villose, terete, ultimate branches. Petioles firm, woody,
1-2 in. long. Leaflets 3, nearly sessile, oblong-cuneate, the central one

Schmidelia.], xliv. sapindace^ (baker). 423

about 4 in. long by half as Ijroad, the point l)luntisl), the edge vcrv nearly
entire, texture subcoriaceous, upper surface dark green nnd «;l.il)rous, lower
finely grey-downy all over with the main veins rather proiniuent. Flowers
in a copious terminal panicle and in smaller axillary ones on firm, woodv,
finely grey-downy peduncles, 1-2 in. long. Branches racemose, the flowi-rs
crowded, about | line long. Sepals boat-shaped and ciliated ; the petals
shorter than the sepals, villose on the inner face. Stamens exserted. Ovaries
ovoid, villose. Mature fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Scncgainbia, Fenotlet! Niger country, ravine near Nupe.'fijr/rt- /•
General habit of S. africana^ from which it differs by its shorter spikes aud entire leaflets
finely downy beneath.

6. S. rubifolia, Ilochst. in Rich. Fl. Abyss, i, 103. A low tree, with
finely grey-downy, slender, terete, ultimate branches. Petioles \ \\ in. long,
slender, downy. Leaflets 3, obovate-euneate, the central one slightly stalked,
3-3|- in. long by half as broad, broadest more than halfway up, the point
subacute, the edge irregularly inciso-repand, the lower third entire and nar-
rowly cuneate, texture membranous, upper surface deep green, nearly glabrous,
lower pale green and finely grey-downy all over, the veins not prominent.
Flowers in simple or slightly branched racemes, 2-3 in. long, on short downy
peduncles from the axils of the leaves. Pedicels equalling or exceeding the
calyx, which is i line long, the sepals boat-shaped, much imbricated. Petals
oblong, glabrous, equalling the sepals, with a small villose scale. Cocci 1 2,
turbinate, black, coriaceous, \ in. long, glabrous when mature.

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper !

Mozazub. Distr. Senna, Shiramba and Shnpanga, Zambesi-land, Dr. Kirk !

The southern species may be distinct. The flowers are nearly sessile, but they are only
in a young state, whilst in the Abyssinian the pedicels are, in some of the specimens, twice
as long as the flower. In the latter the racemes are all sim[iU', but in the other, consi-
derably branched.

7. S. magica^ Baker. A shrub, 10 ft. high, with slender, terete ulti-
mate branches, thinly clothed with line, spreading, ferruginous, silky hairs.
Petioles slender, l|-2 in. long, downy like the branches. Leaflets 3, oblong
cuneate, the central one short-stalked, 3-4 in. long by about half ns broad,
broadest more than halfway up, the point acute, the upper half toothed, the
lower entire and narrowly cuneate, texture thinly membranous ; ujiper surface
full green and glabrous, lower paler and finely loosely downy. Klowt-rs in
very lax simple racemes, 3-4 in. long, on pedicels 1-2 in. long, from the
axils of the leaves. Pedicels equalling the globose flowers, downy like the
main rachis and broadly imbricated boat-shaped sepals. Calyx not more than
i line long. Petals equJiHiug the sepals. Stamens exserted. Cocci 1-2,
globose, i in. each way, sessile, scarlet, ultimately glabrous.— 6>r«<7ro;)Atf
magica, Schum. et Thonn. Guin. PI. ISO.

Upper Guinea. Guinea, Thonning ! banks of the Niger nt Nupe nnd near the con-
fluence. Barter !

8. S. thyrsoides, Baker. A much-branched shrub, with scabrous-
punctate branches. Leaves short-stalked, the leaflets 1 -jugate, rarely tir-

424 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^ (baker). [Schmidelia.

iiate or 2-jugate, stalked, ovate-oblong, 3-6 in. long, tlie point obtuse, tbe
base cuneate, the edge quite entire, texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces gla-
brous, the upper shining, the lower with raised veins. Flowers in a terminal
panicle, with racemose branches. Sepals 4, two twice the size of the other
two. Petals equalling the calyx, ovate, flat, pubescent at the edge. Stamens
slightly exceeding the corolla. Berries 2, ovate, nearly as large as a goose-
berry, sessile, quite glabrous, purplish, with one large seed the same shape. —
Orniti'ophe thyrsoides, Schum. et Thonn. Guin. PL 185.

Upper Guinea. Guinea, Thonning.

We have not seen this, and it may not really belong to the genus as here defined.

9. S. hirtella, Hook.f. 11. Nigrit. 248. t. 25. A smaU tree, 15-20 ft.
high, with slender terete woody branches, shortly grey- downy when young.
Petioles -i— 1 in. long, erecto-patent, firm, pubescent like the branches. Leaves
simple, oblong-cuneate, 6-7 in. long by about half as broad, the apex acuminate
or acute, the edge entire or faintly toothed, the base narrowly cuneate, texture
membranous, upper surface dark green, both glabrous except that the veins
beneath have a tuft of hairs in their axils. Flowers in sessile, close, simple
racemes 1 in. or more long from the axils of the leaves ; rachis slightly grey-
downy ; pedicels equalling the globose flowers, which are under \ line long.
Sepals boat-shaped, slightly downy, the petals shorter, obovate-lingulate,
densely bearded on the inner face. Stamens not exserted. Coccus solitary,
turbinate, black, glabrous, 4 lines long. — S. monop/iylla, Hook. f. Ic. PI. t.
775, non Presl.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, T. Vogel ! Mann I Ambas Bay and banks of the Ba-
groo river, Mann !

10. S. monophylla, JPresl, Bot. Bern. 40. A small tree, with woody,
terete, glabrous branches. Petioles ^1 in. long, firm, erecto-patent, glabrous.
Leaves simple, oblong-cuneate, 3-4 in. long by half as broad, the point sub-
acute, the edge subentire or slightly irregularly repand, texture subcoriaceous,
both sides glabrous, bright green, the main veins raised beneath. Flowers in
moderately lax simple racemes, 2-4 in. long on firm, woody, naked peduncles
about 1 in. long from the axils of the leaves. Pedicels glabrous, equalling or
exceeding the calyx, which is \ line long. Sepals boat-shaped, glabrous.
Petals equalling the sepals. Ungulate, villose within. Stamens slightly ex-
serted. Ovary with two oblong, slightly hairy divisions ; the style glabrous,
2-fid. Kipe fruit not seen. — Rhus monophylla, E. Meyer in Drege, PI. Cap.
Exsicc. S. Meyeri, Planch, in Herb. Kew. S. Dregeana, Sond. Fl. Cap.
i. 239.

Mozamb. Distr. Island of Zanzibar, Bojer ! Dr. Kirk 1
Also a plant of Natal, Madagascar, and the Comoro islands.

U.S. oblongifolia, Baker. A small tree, 20 ft. high, with firm, gla-
brous, terete, woody branches. Petioles f-l^ in. long, firm, glabrous. Leaves
oblong, 5-6 in. long by half as broad, broadly rounded at the base, the point
acuminate, the Q,{\ge quite entire, texture subcoriaceous, both sides quite
glabrous, the main veins beneath raised. Flowers in lax, sessile, simple ra-

I

Sckmidelia.] xLiv. SAPiNDACEiE (baker). 425

cemes from the axils of the leaves, sometimes 2 or 3 from the same point.
Racliis, pedicels, and sepals ferruginco-pulverulent, the pedicels equalliiij? the
globose flower, which is under i line lon^r. Petals 0. Stamens equalling
the calyx, the filaments downy. Female flowers and fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Sierra del Crystal, .Afann !

Very near to the E. Indian S. Jllophyliis, DC, but the flowers sraaller.

S. ? reflexa, 5a/t6T. A small tree, 15 ft. hif,'h, with strong, wo<Kly,
terete, -grey-villose branches. Petioles 3-4 in. lon<r, woody, densely grey-
villose. Leaves simple, oblong, 10-12 in. long by about half as broa'd, nar-
rowed from the middle to both ends, the point acute, the base rounded, the
edge quite entire, texture membranous, upper surface glabrous and briijht
green, lower finely grey-downy on the raised veins. Flowers in lax, sub-
sessile, simple racemes, 2-3 in. long from the axils of the leaves, somctimi-s
2 or 3 from a point. Axis and" pedicels tinely grcy-villose, the latter equal-
ling the globose flower which is \ line long. Sepals 4-5, finely downy,
bright purple, unequal, roundish or oblong, at first spreading like a cross,
finally quite reflexed. Petals 0. Stamens slightly exceeding the petals.
Female flowers and fruit not known.

Upper Guinea. Banks of the river Muni, Mann !

In the calyx this diflfers conspicuously from all the other species.

5. CUPANIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 399.

Flowers regular, polygamo-dioeciotis. Sepals 4-5 (rarely 3 or 6), broadly
imbricated. Petals 4-5 or absent, glabrous or villose, often furnished with
one or two scales. Disk equal, annular, tumid, crenate, glabrous or tomcn-
tose. Stajnens usually 8, but varying from 5-12, inserted beneath the disk,
centrical : filaments usually short, glabrous or villose ; anthers included.
Ovary ovoid or obovoid, 2-3- or rarely 4-celled ;' style short or elongated,
sometimes 2-fid or 3 -fid, the stigma simple or lobed. Ovules solitary in the
cells, affixed to the axis near the base. Capsule ovoid or obovoid, rarely
subglobose, subcarnose crustaceous or bony, 2-4-lobed, 2-4-celled, 2-4-
valved, the lobes connate or nearly free. Seeds subglobose or oblong, usually
arillate, with a crustaceous or coriaceous testa. Embryo thick, cur^-ed, the
cotyledons plano-convex, the radicle inflexed. — Trees or erect shrubs.

A considerable genus, with numerous representatives in tropical Asia and America, but
only one in tropical Africa.

1. C. ferruginea, Baker. A climbing shrub 15-20 ft. hii^h. with
strong woody branches, densely clothed with spreading, almost bristly, ferru-
ginous hairs \ in. long. Petiole of fidl grown leaves 3 4 in. long, clothed
like the branches. Leaves imparipinnate or abruptly pinnate, with 3 or 4
pairs of sessile or short-stalked, oblong or oblanccolate, erecto-patent leaflets,
2-3 in. apart, the upper pairs 1 ft. long, 3-4 in. broad, the point acute, the
base subcuneate, the ed^t denticulate, texture subcoriaecous, upper surface
pale green, glabrous, lower slightly villose upon the midrib and raised veins,
ultimately glabrous. Flowers In axillary and copious terminal panicles some-
times 1 ft. long, the rachis and erecto-patent branches rigid and densely fcr-

426 XLiv. SAPiNDACE^ (baker). ICopania.

ruginous-bristly, the lower flowers lax, solitary or 2-3 together, nearly sessile,
with 1-3 linear feri-uginous bracts at the base. Buds hard, oblong ; the
flowers 2 lines long. Sepals coriaceous, five in number, oblong or lanceo-
late, equal in length but not so in width, broadly imbricated, densely matted
with dark brown pubescence on the back. Petals 5, equalling the sepals,
brownish, narrow-oblong, about a line broad, densely grey-villose, without a
scale. Stamens equalling the petals, the filaments dilated below, villose, an-
thers linear. Capsule woody, | in. long, 3-lobed, deeply emarginate at the
apex, densely ferruginous-bristly.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po and banks of the Muni river, lat. 1" N., Mann !

6. BLIGHIA, Koenig; DC. Prod. i. 609.

Plowers polygamo-dioecious, regular. Calyx small, cup-shaped, 4-5-lobed,
the lobes valvate or slightly imbricated. Petals 4-5, with a scale from the
inner side, usually short, obovate-spathulate, villose. Disk complete, tumid.
Stamens 7-10, inserted beneath the disk, centrical ; the filaments filiform,
usually villose ; anthers shortly oblong, much exserted. Ovary substipitate,
with 3 angles, 3-celled ; style terminal, the stigma 3-toothed. Ovules solitary
in the cells, arising from the centre of the axis. Capsule roundish, fleshy,
3-celled. Seeds with a crustaceous testa and large arillus. Cotyledons
thick, often curved. — Tall trees.

All endemic.
Calyx deep-cleft, with oblong sepals, slightly imbricated in bud . . \. B. sapida.
Calyx cleft about halfway down, with deltoid divisions not at all im-
bricated in bud.

Leaves 1-jugate 2. B. unijugata.

Leaves 2-jugate 3. ^. zamhesiaca.

1. B. sapida, Kmdg ; DC. Prod. i. 609. A tree, 30 ft. high, with
strong, woody, grey, sulcate branches, the ultimate ones slightly grey-downy.
Petioles under 1 in. long, the rachis 4-6 in. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with
3 or 4 pairs of short-stalked, erecto-patent, opposite leaflets, the upper ones
obovate-oblong, 4-6 in, long by half as broad, the point blunt or acute, the
base subcuneate, the edge quite entire, the lowest pair much shorter, texture
subcoriaceous, both sides pale green, ultimately glabrous, the veins beneath
raised. Plowers in short-stalked, simple, axillary racemes, 3-4 in. long, | in.
broad. Pedicels 2 lines long, grey, matted, stout, with a broad short green
bract at the base. Flowers 2 lines or more long ; the five sepals oblong, grey-
matted, slightly imbricated in bud ; the five petals broader and considerably
longer, greenish-white, pubescent within and furnished with emarginate
scales more than half their length and broader. Petals and sepals both
finally patent. Stamens 7-10, the filaments grey-downy, considerably ex-
ceeding the corolla in the male flowers. Capsule roundish in ireneral outline,
about 4 in. long, bluntly 3-gonous, fleshy, glabrous, at first yellowish, finally
red, with three cells, with a single hard black seed in each as large as a
cherry, with a prominent white arillus enveloping the lower half or two-
thirds. — Cupania edulis, Schum. et Thonn. PI. Guin. 190. Akeesia africana,
Tussac. Fl. Ant. i. t. 3. p. 66.

Blighia.'] XLiv. sapindace.!: (baker). 427

Upper Guinea. Guinea, Thonning, T. Vogel ! Barter I Prince's Mand, Mann!
Flowers fragrant and fruit edible, and the distilled water of the flowers used u « co».
metic.

2. B. unijugata. Baker. A tree, 60 ft. hip:li, with strong,', woody, gla-
brous, grey, terete branches. Petioles 1 in. long, woodv, glabrous, with a pair
of oblong-cuneate subsessile leaflets at the apex, which are 5-6 in. long, 2 in.
or rather more broad, the inner side rather narrower than the outer ; aj>ex
bluntish, the edge entire, texture subcoriaceous, both sides glabrous, pale 'green,
the upper one rather glossy, the veins beneath raised. Flowers in copious^
sessile, moderately close, simple, axillary racemes, about 3 in. long and \ in.
broad. Pedicels 2 lines long, slender, glabrous, with a short herbaceous bract
at the base. Calyx glabrous, herbaceous, \ in. deep, with 5 deltoid lobes that
do not reach more than halfway down. Petals 5, whitish, downy, with a
large scale. Stamens usually 8, densely grey-villose, twice as long as the
calyx ; anthers oblong. Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Ambas Bay, Ma)in !

Racemes, leaflets, and stamens closely resembling those of B. sapida.

3. B. zambesiaca, BaJcer. A tree, with strong, glabrous, terete, woody
branches. Leaves mostly 2-jugate, the leaflets short-stalked, the lower pai'r
from near the base of the rachis, both oblong-cuneate, 4-5 in. long by about
1| in. broad; apex acute; edge entire, texture subcoriaceous, both sid«-3
glabrous, the upper one rather glossy, the veins beneath raised. Flowers in
subsessile, simple, axillary racemes, 2-3 in. long, \ in. broad, the lower ones
3-4 together, from a short, acute, herbaceous bract. Pedicels 1-1 ^ lines
long, slender, slightly downy. Calyx 1 line deep, glabrous, green, herbaceous,
with 5 deltoid lobes reaching about half down. Petals very minute, whitish,
villose. Stamens 8, the filaments filiform, slightly villose as in the preceding,
much exserted. Fruit unknown.

Mozamb. Distr. West shore of Lake Nyassa, Br. Kirk!
Closely allied to the preceding.

7. ERIOCCELUM, Hook. f. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 400.

Flowers regular, polygamo-monoccions. Calyx small, quinquepartilc, with
valvate or subvalvate divisions. Petals 5, furnished with two scales, which
are broader than the lamina. Disk saucer-shnped, membranous, frcr, with 8-
10 crenulations and the same number of ribs radiating from the middle. Sta-
mens 8-10, inserted inside the disk, centrical, the filaments filiform, exserted,
naked, the anthers small. Ovary rudimentary in the male flowers, globose,
strigose ; not seen in the female flowers. Capsule coriaceous, subglobose,
hispid, 3-celled, with 3 loculicidal valves, the cells 1-serdrd ami woolly within.
Seed attached to the centre of the axis, not seen mature. — Trees.

Confined to W. tropical Africa.

Flowers in simple racemes \. I., racfmotum.

Flowers in panicles with racemose branches 2. ^. pantcuhUum.

1. E. racemosum, Bukcr. A small tree, with slender, terete, woody

428 XLiv. SAPiNDACEiE (baker). [Erioccelttm.

branches, clothed with spreading ferruginous pubescence. Pall grown leaves
with 3 or 4 pairs of leaflets, 1-^ in. from one another, the lowest sometimes
from the base, all oblong-cuneate, with petiolules 2-3 lines- long, the upper
ones 4-5 in. long, ly-2 in. broad, the point acute, the edge entire, base cu-
neate or a little rounded, texture subcoriaceous, upper surface glabrous, lower
slightly ferruginous on the midrib, the main veins raised. Flowers in lax,
nearly or quite sessile, axillaiy racemes, 5-6 in. long, tlie slender axis densely
clothed with bright reddish-brown pubescence, the flowers solitary or 2-3
together. Bracks linear, densely ferruginous, about equalling the pedicels
which are sometimes as long as the flower, whicb is about 1 line long. Calyx
i in. broad when fully expanded, densely ferruginous, the five linear-oblong
lobes not reaching down to the base. Petals 5, lanceolate, nearly white, ex-
ceeding the calyx, the scales densely villose. Disk saucer-shaped, crenulate,
membranous, with eight radiating ribs. Stamens 8, much exserted, the fila-
ments "nearly naked ; anthers subglobose. Fruit unknown.

Upper Guinea. Banks of the Bagroo river, Mann !

2. E. paniculatuxn, Baker. A tree with strong, woody, terete, sul-
cate branches densely clothed with spreading, bright reddish-brown, strong,
silky hairs. Leaves with 3-4 pairs of nearly sessile oblong-cuneate leaflets,
1 in. or less from one another, the upper ones 4-5 in. long, l|-2 in. broad,
the point acute, the edge entire, the base cuneate or slightly rounded ; tex-
ture subcoriaceous, colour pale green, upper surface a little glossy, lower
finely pubescent on the raised veins and more so on the midrib. Flowers in
short-stalked, woody panicles with spreading rigid branches, clothed witli
dense ferruginous pubescence. Branches racemose, the flowers crowded up-
wards, the pedicels \ in. long, densely ferruginous. Calyx under 1 line long,
narrowly campanulate, the lobes 5, oblong, blunt, not reaching down to the
base, densely ferruginous on the back. Petals minute. Disk membranous,
saucer-shaped, crenulate, with 10 raised ribs. Stamens 10, slightly exserted.
Capsule globose-trigonous, 1 in. long, bony, densely ferruginous-silky.

Upper Guinea. Banks of the Gaboon river, Mann !

8. LECAWIODISCUS, Planch. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 402.

Flowers regular, polygamo-dioecious. Sepals 5, roundish, very concave,
much imbricated. Petals none. Disk complete, with 10 obscure crenations.
Stamens 10, centrical, the filaments filiform, glabrous, much exserted ; an-
thers oblong. Ovary centrical, villose, ovovd, 3-celled, attenuated into a
very short style ; stigma thick, reflexed, 3-lobed. Ovules solitary in the
cells, ascending, affiixed to the axis at the base. Capsule ovoid, tomentose,
pointed, 1-cclled, dry, crustaceous, 1-seeded. Seed erect, ovoid ; arillus
gelatinous ; testa crustaceous and shining. Embryo straight. Cotyledons
conferruminate. — Trees.

Confined to tropical Africa.

Racemes 1 in. broad 1. Z. cupanioides.

Kaccmes under ^ in. broad 2. L.fraxinifolia.

Lecan'wdiscus.'] xLiv. sapindace.*: (bakf.u). \yj

1. L. cupanioides, Planch, in Fl. Nif/rit. 251. A tie- 30 ft. lii^'h,
with stronc?, woody, tiuely ^rev-downy, silicate braiirhcs. . Petiole woody,
1^-2 in. long. Leaflets oblonir or with a slip;ht obovate tendency, in 4-5
nearly sessile opposite pairs, tiie upper ones 4-G in*, lonj^, 2-2\ in. broad,
blunt or bluntly cuspidate, the base broadly cuneatc, the ed-^^e entin* but
slightly crisped ; texture membranous, upper surface glal)rous, the lower

so with the main veins a little raised. Flowers in fascicles in nearly -
axillary racemes, 4-6 in. long, 1 in. broad. Petioles .slender, 3-4 lines luti-4,
like the axis slightly downy, with a linear-subulate, deciduous, very downy
bract at the base. Buds 1^-2 lines long, the sepals oblong, bluiit, finally
reflexed and purplish with 2 prominent, grey, verticrd ribs on the in?i«le.
Petals 0. Stamens 10, unequal, much exserted, naked. Capsule bony, ol)-
long, rather pointed,^ in. deep, clothed with dense, short, v. llduiJi.'rr, v to.
mentum.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot ! Niger country, T. Vu^c! '. Hurler !
Flowers purplish-green, fragrant.

2. L. fraxinifolia. Baker. A shrub with woody, sulcata, finely grey-
downy branches. Petiole about 1 in. long. Leaflcfs in 5-7 sessile, subop-
posite pairs, \-\ in. distant from one another, the full-grown ones oldon-j-
lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, f-1 in. broad, the point bluntish or subacute, the
base rather rounded, the margin entire ; texture membranous, colour pale
green, both sides glabrous, the main veins slender and but slightly raised be-
neath. Flowers fascicled, in nearly sessile axillary racemes, 1^-2 in. long,
|- in. broad; pedicels equalling the calyx, which is i- in. deep. Sepals 4-5,
oblong, blunt, coriaceous, more or less matted with grey down, usually ap-
pressed to the young ovary. Petals 0. Stamens 8-10, much exserted in
the male flowers. Ovary flask-shaped, densely grey-downy, crowned by the
subsessile, 3-lobed stigma. Capsule broad-oblong, pointed, | in. deep, the
outer shell hard, nearly black, with a thin grey-downy bloom.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi-land; Tette, Sonaa, and banks of the .Shire, Dr. Kirk '

9. CHYTRANTHUS, Hook, f . ; Benth. et Hook. f. (Jen. PI. i. 403.

Plowers polygamous, irregular. Calyx urceolate, coriaceous, oblique, 5-
lobed above the" middle, the lobes valvate, unequal. Petals 5, unequal.
liuear-spathulate, slightly exceeding the calyx, with a short scale and subu-
late process above the claw. Disk annular, pubescent. Stamens S, within
the disk, approximated in 2 bundles ; the filaments filiform and pilose ;
anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 3-lobed, short, tomentose, 3-celled ; style 3-
fid. Ovules solitary in the cells, erect. Capsule large, orbicular, 3-lobed
almost down to the axis, the lobes comi)resscd and coriaceous, the cells hairy.
Seed not arillate, orbicular, compressed, with an elongate hilum, the testa
coriaceous. Cotyledons conferruminate, adhering to the testa ; radicle in-
conspicuous.— A small tree.

xY single species, restricted to ^V. tropical Africa.

430 XLiv SAFiNDACEiE (baker). [Chytrauthus.

1. C, Mannii, Hook.f. I. c. A small tree, 15-18 ft. high with strong,
terete, glabrous branches. Full-grown leaves 3-4 ft. long, the petiole 1 ft.
or more, strong, woody, glabrous, terete; leaflets in 5-7 pairs, erecto-patent, on
short corrugated petiolules, the larger ones 15-18 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, ob-
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the point much acuminated, the edge entire,
the base cuneate ; texture subcoriaceous, colour pale green, both surfaces
quite glabrous, the upper glossy, the main veins raised beneath and connected
by arching veinlets a space within the edge. Flowers in slightly compound
racemes, 3-4 in. long, from the old wood. Calyx 4 lines deep, urceolate,
coriaceous, finely matted on the back with very pale brown tomentura, the
teeth lanceolate, reaching about a third of the way down. Capsule coria-
ceous, wrinkled, ferruginous, about 2 in. broad, not quite as long, the 3
valves 1 in. deep.

Upper Guinea. Prince's Island, Mann ! Barter ! banks of the river Muni, lat. 1°
N., Mann !
Fruit edible.

10. SAPINDUS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 404.

Flowers polygamous, regular. Sepals 4-5, biseriate, broadly imbricated.
Petals 4-5, scaleless or furnished with 1 or 2 scales above the claw. Disk
complete, annular. Stamens usually 8-10, centrical, the filaments usually
pilose ; anthers versatile. Ovary entire or 2-4-lobed, 2-4-celled ; style
terminal; stigma 2-4-lobed. Ovules solitary in the cells, ascending from the
interior angle at the base. Fruit fleshy or coriaceous, usually with 1-2
cocci, which are oblong or globose and indehiscent. Seeds usually glo-
bose, exarillate, with a crustaceous or membranous testa. Embryo straight
or curved, the cotyledons thick, the radicle incurved. — Trees or shrubs,
sometimes climbing.

A considerable genus, principally tropical.

Leaves in 2 pairs. Stamens 8 \. S. senegaJensis.

Leaves in 4-5 pairs. Stamens 12-15 2. 5. xanthocarpas.

1. S. senegalensis, Toir.; DC. Frod. i. 608. A tree 20-30 ft.
high with strong, woody, slightly grey-downy branches. Petioles | in. long,
the rachis not winged ; leaflets in 2 short-stalked, erecto-patent pairs about
] in. apart, which are oblong, 3-4 in. long by about half as broad, narrowed
gradually from the middle to both ends, the edge entire, texture subcoria-
ceous, colour pale green, both sides glabrous with the veinlets in relief. Flowers
in copious, terminal, thyrsoid panicles crowded in the upper part of the
branches ; pedicels equalling the calyx, which is i in. deep, slightly downy,
the 5 sepals oblong or roundish, blunt, unequal, much imbricated. Petals
5, whitish, spathulate, ciliated, with a small densely viilose scale. Stamens
7-8, the filaments viilose downwards. Capsule usually solitary, turbinate
or globose, |~f in. long, dark purple, fleshy, glabrous. — S. abyssinicus, Fresen.
in Mus. Senck. ii. 278 ; A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. 103.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perroitet ! Heudelot ! Brunner !

Sapindus.] XLiv. sapindace.f. (baker). 431

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Rvjipell.

I have not seen the Abyssiaiau phmt, but judging from tlir dLscripliou it may be i»afily
referred here.

2. S. xanthocarpus, Klobsch in Petern Mosmmb. Bot. 119. Varies

from a shrub to a larj^c tree with stroni^, woody, tt^rcte, slifrlaly jrrry-dowMy
branches. Leaves sessile or nearly so, the rachis narrowly winged' with \
or 5 pairs of nearly sessile oblong leaflets, which are \ -1 in. apart, 1^-2 in.
long, i-1 in. broad, the apex rounded and often emarginatc, the edge entin-,
the base also rounded, texture coriaceous, colour bright green, both sides
glabrous, veins and veinlets in relief beneath. Flower:} in ample terminal pa-
nicles sometimes 1 ft. long, with woody spreading branches and flowers
crowded upwards; pedicels very short. Calyx 2 lines long; the sepals 4-5,
unequal, oblong, blunt, concave, matted with fine, drab, silky tomentum,
white towards the border. Petals spathulate, equalling the sepals in num-
ber and length, with a small villose scale above the claw. Stamens 12-15.
Pruit subcarnose, 2-3-lobed, the lobes globose, golden-yellow, nearly glabrous
when mature.

Mozamb. Distr. From the lower part of the Zambesi along the Shire as far inland
as Lake Nyassa, Peters, Drs. Meller and Kirk !
Native name N'talala.

11. DEINBOLLIA, Schum. et Thonn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI.

i. 405.

Flowers regular, polygarao-moncEcious. Sepals 5, roundish, conceive,
coriaceous, broadly imbricated. Petals 5, obovate or orbicular, equalling or
exceeding the calyx, woolly or scaly at the base. Disk complete, annular,
elevated. Stamens 8-24, inserted within the disk, uni- or mulliserial, the
filaments filiform and hairy; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 2-3-partite to
the base, the lobes subglobose, 1-celled, the style thick, central, erect, straight
or twisted, with a long stigma. Ovules solitary in the cells, affixed to the
axis at the base. Fruit 1-3-lobed, the lobes smooth, globose, coriaceous.
Seed globose with a fleshy arillus and coriaceous testa, the cotyledons un-
equal, thick, plano-convex, the radicle shortly accumbent. — Trees.

Confined to W. tropical Africa.

Stamens 24 . 1— ^- ""»>••'>•

Stamens 16 2. Z). cmnftfoha.

Stamens 8.

Petals exceeding the calyx 3—'^ ptnnata.

Petals equalling the calyx ^ ^- lannfohn.

1. D. insignis, Hook. f. Fl. Nigril. 250. A tree 20-25 ft. high with
glabrous, terete, strong, woody branches. Petiole 6-8 in. long, the leaflets in
about 6 not quite opposite, subsessile pairs, 2-3 in. apart, which are oblong,
8-10 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, the point acute, the base rounded, the eilge
entire ; texture subcoriaceous, both sides pale green and quite glabrous, the
veins and veinlets raised beneath. Flowers in copious panicles with sub-
racemose branches, the central one in one of our specimens 2 a. long ; pe-
dicels 1 line or less long, thick, coriaceous. Flowers ] in. long ; the sepals

432 XLIY. SApiNDACE^ (baker). [Deinbollla.

oblong, unequal, much imbricated, brownish-drab and ratlier silky on the
back in tlie dried plant, the edge subscariose. Petals oblong-lanceolate,
yellow, slightly ciliated with a large ciliated appendage of the same texture
as the petal. Stamens 20-24, equalling the petals in the male flowers, the
filaments pubescent. Fruit as in D. pinnata.— D. grandifolia, Hook. f. 1. c.

Upper Guinea. Cape Palmas, T. Vogel I Fernaudo Po, T. Vogel ! Mann !
Iiow^er Guinea. CoDgo^ Smith !

2. D. cuneifolia. Baker. A shrub with slender, glabrous, terete branches.
Petioles 4-5 in. long, slender, woody, the leaflets in about 4 pairs, 2-3 in.
from one anotlier, the upper ones oblong, 5-6 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, the
point acute or acuminate, the base cuneate, narrowed into a petiolule \ in.
long ; texture subcoriaceous, both sides quite glabrous, the upper bright green,
the lower with slender raised veins and veinlets. Flowers in long-stalked
axillary racemes 6-12 in. long, the flowers in clusters of 5-6 each; pedicels
equalling or exceeding the calyx, which is \ in. deep. Sepals coriaceous,
dark green, much imbricated. Petals small, spathulate, with a scale. Sta-
mens 16, equalling the sepals; the filaments filiform, downy. Ovary with 2
rounded lobes. Fruit not seen.

Upper Guinea. Baitks of the Bagroo river, Mann ! Sierra Leone, Barter !

3. D. pinnata, Schum. ei Thonn. Guin. PL 242. A small tree with
strong, woody, glabrous or slightly grey- downy, terete branches. Petiole 2-3
in. long; leaflets in 5-6 short-stalked pairs 1-2 in. apart, oblong, 3-4 in.
long, half as broad, the point acute, the base a little rounded, the edge
quite entire ; texture coriaceous, colour pale green, both sides glabrous or the
lower a little silvery with the veins and veinlets in relief. Flowers sub-
sessile,in a dense terminal panicle with short branches, and sessile, shorter,
and less compound sessile axillary ones. Calyx ^ in. deep,- the sepals
membranous, glabrous, subrotund, unequal, the centre brown, the edge
becoming gradually subscarious. Petals 5, ligulate-oblong, 2 lines long,
ciliated, with a large woolly scale at the base. Stamens 8, equalling the
corolla in the male flowers, the filaments filiform and densely clothed with
white pubescence. Capsule 1-2, roundish, f — ^ in. long, crustaceous, orange
coloured.

Upper Guinea, Thonning ; Niger country, T. Vogel ! Irving ! Barter ! _

4. D. laurifolia, Baher. A tree with glabrous, terete, slender, woody
branches. Petioles 2-3 in. long in the upper leaves, 4-5 in. in the lower
ones, the leaflets in about 6 opposite or nearly opposite nearly sessile pairs,
oblong, 2-3 in. long by about half as broad, the point acute or acuminate,
the base rounded or subcuneate, the edge quite entire ; texture coriaceous,
colour pale green, both sides quite glabrous, the lower with the veins and
veinlets in relief, the main ones connected by anastomosing veinlets a space
within the edge. Flowers in a moderately large terminal panicle with
spreading woody branches 2-3 in. long, the flowers crowded upwards ; pe-
dicels equalling* the calyx, which is \ in. long ; the sepals the same colour
and texture as in D.pinnata, roundish and much imbricated. Petals oblong,
ciliated, equalling the sepals, with a large woolly scale at the base. Sta-

Demhollia.'] XLiv. sapindace.e (hakeu). 433

mens 8, equalling the petals in tlie m-A, flowers, the filaments filiform,
grey-downy. Capsule oblong-turbinate, cru.staccous, { in. long.
Iiower Guinea. Congo, Smith !

12. DODON^A, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Cn. PI. i. 110.

Flowers unisexual or polygamo-ilia'cious. Sepals 2-5, imbricate or vai-
vate. Petals 0. Disk obsolete in the male flowers, small in tiie female
ones. Stamens 5-8, centrical, the filaments very short, the anthers linear-
oblong, obtusely tetragonous. Ovary sessile, with 3 G angles and .'3-G cells.
Style 3-6-angled, 3-6-fid at the apex. Ovules 2 in the cells, collateral or one
above another, ascending or the upper one pendulous. Capsule membranous
or coriaceous, 2-6-anglecl, the cells l-2.seeded, the angles obtuse or acute or
winged on the back, septicidally 2-6-valved, the valves frequently winged on
the back, the septiferous column remaining attached after the part that bears
the seeds falls. Seeds lenticular or subglobose, exarillatc, the hilum some-
times excavated, the funiculus thickened, the testa crustaceous or coriaceous.
Embryo spirally tw'isted. — Trees or shrulis.

A considerable genus, with its headquarters in Australia.

1. D. viscosa, Limi. ; DC. Prod. i. 616. A shrub ox small tree, the
ultimate branches slender, often subtriquetrous, not at all hairy, more or less
viscid. Leaves simple, oblanceolate, 2-4 in. long, |— 1 in. broad, the apex
blunt or subacute, the lower part narrowed very gradually to the base, the
edge entire ; texture membranous or slightly coriaceous, colour dark green,
surfaces not at all hairy but usually more or less Niscid, the veins not raised.
Flowers in 6-20-flowered terminal panicles, the ultimate pedicels slender, gla-
brous, |— f long. Sepals glabrous, ligulate-oblong, 1 line long. Capsule |- 1-
in. deep, with 3 broad, glabrous, membranous wings cordate at both ends. —
D. Kohautiana, Schlecht. in Linnaea, xviii. 36, B. arahica, Hochst. and
Steud. in Schimp. PI. Abyss, n. 314 ; Webb, Frag. Fl. .-iJhiop. 55.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Sieber I Heitdelot !

Nile Land. Coast of Nubia, Schweinfurth ! Abyssinia, Schimper ! Parh/m '
Dillon and Petit !

Mozamb. Di^tr. Zambesi-land, Lr. Kirk !

B. repanda, Schum. et Thoun. PI. Guin. 194, is probably this species, but the leaves nre
described as ovate and repaud. Universally distributed through tropical auJ south tiuj-
perate regions.

Turczaninow (Mosc. Bull. 36, 517) describes a Thouinia i* dicarpa from Sierra I.eonc,
to which he assigns alternate simple leaves, dicarpellary, winged fruit, and solitary l-flowcnd
peduncles, which we cannot at all identify.

13. BERSAMA, Fresen. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 412.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dia^cious. Sepals 5, free or 2 ntore
or less connate, imbricated. Petals 5, unequal, imbricated, unguiculntc, the
lowest the smallest the claws silky or the apex glaiidulo^e. Disk unilntcrnl,

434 XLiv. SAPINDACE^ (baker). [Bersama.

semiannular or subcomplete, elevated. Stamens 4-5, centrical, inserted
within the disk, all connate or the 2 front ones connate at the base. Ovary
oblong, subterete, 4-5-celled. Style elongated, curved ; stigma pyramidal,
truncate. Ovules solitary, erect from the base of the cells. Capsule globose,
woody, 4-5-celled, dehiscence loculicidal ; valves septiferous at the middle.
Seeds arillate, albumen dense ; embryo straight. — Trees and shrubs.

Confined to Africa, 2 species occurring at the Cape.

§ Eulersama. Stamens all connate at the base.

Rachis of leaves broadly winged upwards 1. ^. maxima.

Rachis of leaves not winged 2. B. abyssinica.

§§ Natalia. (Hochst. Flora, 1841, 663 ; Rhaganus, £. Meyer iu
Herb. Drege.)

Ouly the lower stamens united 3. B. paullinioides.

1. B. maxima. Baker. A tree 25 ft. high with strong woody branches,
finely grey-downy when young. Petiole strong, woody, 3-4 in. long. Sti-
pules ovate-acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous on the back, ly-3 in. long, clasp-
ing the base of the petiole and connate inside it as in the other species.
Pull-grown leaf 2^-3 ft. long, imparipinnate, with 6-7 pairs of sessile ob-
long leaflets 2-3 in. apart, narrowed gradually to both ends, the point acute,
the base subcuneate, the edge entire, the rachis between the upper ones w^ith a
wing ^in. broad on each side ; texture membranous, both sides quite glabrous.
Flowers hermaphrodite in a dense raceme 1 ft. long, 1^ in. broad, on a strong
woody peduncle 3-4 in. long, which, like the axis, is densely grey-downy ;
pedicels 3-4 lines long, with linear silky bracts at the base about half as long.
Calyx \ in. deep, campanulate, coriaceous, densely brownish-grey-silky on the
back, the teeth oblong-deltoid, reaching about halfway down, unequal, the
lowest 2-fid. Petals ligulate-oblong, three times as long as the calyx, gla-
brous upwards, the claw silky, finally reflexed, the low^est much smaller than
the others. Stamens 4, monadelphous, equalling the corolla. Style elongated,
equalling the stamens, sometimes twisted. Capsule globose, bony, 1 in.
long, 4-valved, finely downy.

Upper Guinea. Corisco island, Mann !

2. B. abyssinica, Fresen. in Mus. Stuck, ii. 280. t.ll. A tree with
strong woody terete branches, the young ones a little grey-downy. Petioles
1-2 in. long, with an ovate-acuminate scarious stipule \-\ in. long. Leaves
imparipinnate with usually 4 pairs of slightly stalked oblong-lanceolate leaf-
lets J-l in. apart, which are 2-3 in, long by less than half as broad, the
point acute or acuminate, the edge more or less distinctly serrated upwards,
the rachis not winged ; texture subcoriaceous, both sides quite glabrous, the
upper rather glossy, the veins fine beneath and scarcely raised. Plowers in
dense axillary racemes, 4-8 in. long, 1 in. broad when expanded, on woody
peduncles 2-3 in. long; pedicels 1 line long, stout, grey-silky. Bracts
small, lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, grey-silky, 4 lines deep, with 5
unequal oblong divisions reaching about halfway down. Petals 5, ligu-
late-spathulate, twice as long as the calyx, densely and* finely silky, finally
reflexed. Stamens 5, in the male flowers nearly as long as the petals, the
filaments silky downwards and monadelphous. Capsule subglobose, bony.

Bersama.'] XLiv. sapindace.i- (hakku). 435

4-valvccl, ^-1 in. deep.— i?. integrifoUa, Rich. V\. Abyss, i. 107. t. 20. /;.
serrata, Rich. 1. c.

Nile Iiand'. Abyssinia, Schivipcr ! Lilluii and l\:tit ' and others.
Native name ' Bersama.'
Also a plant of Natal.

The two names of the ' Flora Abyssinica ' evidently only represent the fully developed
male and female forms of one species.

3. B. pauUinioideSy Baker. A tree 30 ft. high \vill\ terete fmrly
sulcata branches, very slightly grey-downy when youn<^. Petioles 1-3 in.
long with an ovate-acuminate stipule at the base \-\ in. long, densely grey-
silky on the back. Leaves impaiipinnate, 6-12 in. long, with 7-10 p:iirs of
slightly stalked oblong leaflets, which are 2-4 in. long, about iialf as broad,
the point acnte, the edge faintly toothed, the base suljcuneate or slightly
rounded ; texture membranous, both sides quite glabrous, the upper daik green,
the lower paler, veins not raised. Flowers in moderately dense axillary ra-
cemes, 3-6 in. long, 1 in. broad, on glabrous woody peduncles 2-3 in. long.
Pedicels 2-3 lines long, grey-silky with a minute subulate bract at the base.
Calyx oarapanulate, dark green, grey-silky, with 4 oblong lobes reaching
halfway down, the lowest emarginate. Petals white, twice as long as the
calyx, ligulate with a small scale, the lowest much narrower than the others.
Stamens 4, the filaments ddated downwards, only the 2 lower ones connate at
the base. Ovary ovoid, densely grey-silky, narrowed gradually into the style.
Fruit unknown. — Natalia, Planch, in Fl.* Nigrit. 252. t. 2'J.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, T. Vogel ! Barter I Fernando I'o, Mann !

Order XLV. ANACARDIACEiE (by Prof. Oliver).

Flowers small, regular, unisexual, polygamous or hermaphrodite. Calyx
usually 3-4-5 -fid or -partite, in a few genera {not African) accrescent. I'e-
tals as many as and alternate with the calyx-lobes, free, rarely 0. Disk an-
iiular, fiat or cup-shaped, entire or lobed, sometimes inconspicuous. Stamens
as many as and alternate with the petals or twice as many, rarely more nu-
merous {Sorindeia, Sclerocarya) ; filaments free; anthers basi- or dorsi-fixi-d,
dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary, in female flowers, 1 -celled {AnacurJica) or
2-5-celled (Spondiece) ; in male flowers 0, rudimentary or 3 S-tid. Siyl. s
1-4 or stigma subsessile. Ovules solitary (in pairs in Sclerocarya, Kirk),
pendulous or suspended from a basal funicle or laterally attixed. Fruit
free, usually drupaceous, 1-5-celled, 1 o-scidcd. Seed almost invari;il)ly
exalbuminous, with fleshy plano-convex cotyledons and a short radicle.—
Trees or shrubs, often abounding in a caustic or resinous jtiicc. Leaves
alternate, frequently crowded toward the ends of the branches, exstipulatc,
3-foliolate or unequally pinnate, ranly simple. Inflorescence various.

A large family of tropical and warm countries, common to both hemispheres. .Sii of ihc
following genera are peculiar to Africa. Several species remain very imp rfrctly knottn.
and some,'of which we have insuflicient examples are nn.lesrribed here, thoii^ih Bomctinict
incidentally referred to under their respective giiuia or apparent allies.

436 XLV. AKACARDIACE/E (OLIVEU).

Ovary 1 -celled {Ajiacardieo') .

Leaves simple or 3-foliolate (in African species). Petals im-
bricate, 4-6. Styles 3, free or connate 1. Rhus.

Leaves jjjnnate. Petals valvate or subvalvate. Ovule sus-
pended near middle of cell 2. SORINDEIA.

Leaves simple. Antheriferous stamens 1 or 2. Style 1 . . 3. Mangifera.

Leaves simple. Stamens 10, few or all antheriferous. Style 1 4. Anacardium (cult.).

Leaves pinnate. Flowers 3-raerous. Petals imbricate . . . 5. H^matostaphis.

Leaves pinnate. Flowers 4-5-merous. Petals valvate . . 6. Trichoscypha.

Leaves pinnate. Flowers 4-5-merous, racemose. Petals im-
bricate 7. Odina.

Ovary 2-5 -celled {SpondiecB).

Leaves pinnate. Stamens 8-10. Styles 4-5 8. Spoxdias.

Leaves pinnate. Stamens 12-24 9. Sclerocarya.

Leaves pinnate. Stamens 8-10. Style short with 3-lobed

stigma 10. Hitzerta.

Leaves 3-foliolate. Stamens 8 11. Lanneoma.

1. RHUS, Linn. ; Bentli. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 418.

Flowers small, regular, polygamous. Calyx 4-6-partite, persistent ; seg-
ments equal. Petals as many, spreading or erect, imbricate in Ecstivation.
Stamens as many and alternate with the petals or 10, free, inserted in the
annular disk ; filaments subulate ; anthers in the female flower usually rudi-
mentary. Ovary sessile, globose or ovoid. Styles 3, free or connate, erect or
appress'ed to the ovary. Ovule suspended from a basal funicle. Drupe usually
small, dry or resinous. — Trees or shrubs, often abounding in resin. Leaves
simple or 3-foliolate in the tropical African species, alternate or rarely op-
posite or verticillate. Panicles axillary and terminal, usually many-flowered.

A large genus of both hemispheres, with numerous (about 50) species at the Cape. All
but three of the following species appear to be peculiar to tropical Africa.

Leaves simple.

Leaves alternate, 4-10 in 1. R. pulcherrima.

Leaves subternate, 2-5 in 2. R. insignis.

Loaves 3-foliolate.

Leaves glabrous or finely puberulous.

Leaflets obtuse 3. -R. glaucescens.

Leaflets oval or hnear-lanceolate, acuminate or acute, lateral

petiolulate. Panicles rather lax 4. J?, retinorrhcea.

Leaflets oval, acute or obtuse, not acuminate, lateral subsessile.

Panicles short, rather dense or glomerate ' 5, R. ghdinosa.

Leaflets elongate, linear (3-6 in.), subobtuse, mucronate . . 6. -R. viminalis.
Leaves tomentose or pubescent beneath.

Leaflets oval or oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, pubescent and not

reticulate above. Panicles shorter than leaves 7- -R. abyssinica.

Leaflets obovate, broadly rounded or apiculate, glabrous or gla-

brescent and minutely reticulate above 8. 72. villosa.

Leaflets oval, acute, on short broadish petioles. Panicle terminal,
rigid, exceeding the leaves, with sessile flowers on the short
interrupted lateral ramuli 9. i?. Kirkii.

1. R. pulcherrima, Oliv. Young shoots pubescent-hoary or early
glabrous. Leaves ample, simple, alternate, oblong-elliptical or broadly ob-
long, obtuse or refuse, mucronate, glabrous or, at least at first, minutely i

Rhus.'] XLV. ANACARDIACEi^: (OLIVKU). 437

hoary above, paler or silvery with minute tonieiitum beneath ; midrib and
lateral veins as in R. abyssinica ; 4-10 in. long, 2-5 in. broad ; petiole
i-1 in. or leaves subsessile. Panicles small, terminal or in axils of upiK-r
leaves. Flowers polyp:anious. Pedicels hoary, shorter than or eqnallin«^' the
calyx. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate. Petals oblong, erect, with inthxed
tips, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens of male and hermaphrodite flowt-rs
inserted round a lobed cupuliform fleshy disk. Styles short, erect, with
recurved tips. — Anaphrenium pulcherrimumy Schweinf. Fl. /Ethiop. 32.

Nile Land. White Nile, Murie ! Scniiar, Cienhowski. Gallabut, Abyssinia, Sckwein-

furth !

2. R. insignis, Delile (Ozoroa) in Jnn. Sc. Nat. Ser. i. xx. 91. /. 1.

/. 3. A spreading tree or shrub. Extremities at first minutely p-ibcscenl or
hoary-tomentose. Leaves simple, approximate in threes, rarely alternnto,
elongate-oval oval-oblong or oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, niueronat<% entire,
glabrous above, whitish-hoary or silvery beneath, with a closely oppressed or
obsolete tomentura ; midrib prominent; lateral veins numerous and parallel,
2-5 in. long, i-l| in. broad ; petiole ^-1 in. Flowers in small, terminal,
more or less leafy, pubescent or hoary, many-flowered panicles, sometimes
shorter than, sometimes considerably exceeding the leaves. Calyx-lobes
ovate. Petals oblong, erect, with incurved tips 3 or 4- times longer than the
calyx. Styles short, erect, with recurved stigmatic apices. Fruit black, re-
sinous, i-i in. in diam. — Ferret and Galinicr, Atlas (Bot!), t. 9. AnajJire-
nium abyssinicum, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, 32 ; Hecria, Meiss. Gen. PI. part 1.
p. 75.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Sleher ! Bidjem !

Nile Land, Abyssinia, Schhnper, Dillon ! Scnnar, Cienkoicski.

Lower Guinea. Congo, Sinith !

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi and Luabo rivers. Dr. Kirk! Uovnnui river, Jr. 3I./l,> '

Var. /3. latifolia. Nupe, Niger, Barter ! t

Var. 7. ohovata. Leaves abont 2 in. long, 1-1^ in. broad, rounded or rctusc at n|)<\,

cuneate at base. — Zambesi, Dr. Kirk ! Mozambique, Forbes !

Nearly allied to Uhiis miicronifolia, Sond. Fl. Caj). i. 521, if, indeed, specifically distiiul.

The leaves, however, are nearly always ternately verticillate.

3. R. glaucescens, Rich. Fl. Jbyss. i. 143. Wholly glabrous or the
extremities panicles and petioles puberulous or finely pubescent. Leaves 3-
foliolate, coriaceous or membranous ; leaflets from oval to lanceolate or <»!»-
ovate-elliptical, obtuse or exceptionally subacute, often mucronate, narrow e<l
to the base, entire obscurely undulate or broadly crenulate-denlate. rarely
with the midrib and petiole puberulous; median leaflet usually \\ -4 in. long,
i-H in. broad ; petiole ^-H i"- Pj>iiieUs axillary, usually considerably
shorter than the leaves, moderately lax and divaricate, glahrous or hairy ; p.--
dicels equalling or shorter than the flowers. Petals ovate, obtuse, Iwi.t- a-^
long as the calyx-lobes. Fruit 2-3 lines in <liam., roumlish-obovoul.— ^. «»-
dulatam,lX\d\! \.c. 145. R. cmudaiuw, Rich. I.e. 142. ? li. QHnrhn.a
num, Eich. 1. c. 141. R. Giteinzii, Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 515. li. kotschyava,
Fenzl (sine descr.) in Flora, 1844, 312.

Nile Land. .Mountains of Abyssinia, ^cluuiper ! and ollicrs . Madi, Grant ' Stuiiar,
Kotschy !

438 !XLV. ANACARDIACl:^ (OLIVER). [RJlUS.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi, Dr. Kirk !

Var. Schimperi (Hochst. PI. Schimp, Abyss, n. 218^). Panicles confluent, leafy towards
the ends of the branches.

Abyssinia, Schimper !

A specimen allied to this species, from the '* Red Sea " {Nimmo), in fruit, is in the Kew
herbarium.

Occurs also at Natal.

Rhus glaucum, Hochst. We have an imperfect specimen so labelled, collected in Abys-
sinia by Dillon and Petit. It is doubtfully distinct from R. glaucescens.

4. R. retinorrhaea, Steud. in PI. ScJiimp. Abyss, n. 1627. Tree or shrub,
wholly glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate, firmly membranous or thinly coriaceous ;
leaflets oval- or linear-lanceolate, more or less (often finely) acuminate, nar-
rowed at the base and usually distinctly petiolulate, entire or" obscurely den-
ticulate ; lateral nervures rather prominent above when dry, slightly or not
at all paler beneath ; median leaflet from 2-6 in. long, \-\ in. broad ; petiole
1^-2 in. Flowers pedicellate, in axillary or terminal, moderately lax, many-
flowered panicles usually much shorter than the leaves. Petals elliptical,
twice as long as the small roundish-ovate calyx-lobes. Fruit with shining,
thin, coriaceous epicarp, about 1^2 lines in diam. — R. viminale, Rich. Fl.
Abyss, i. 142.

Nile Land. Mountains of Abyssinia, ScJumper ! and others.

5. R. glutinosa^ Hochst. ; Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 144. Wholly glabrous
or the young shoots and panicles puberulous. Leaves 3-foliolate, rather
coriaceous ; leaflets oval or lanceolate-oblong, obtuse and mucronate or acute,
scarcely or not at all acuminate in our specimens, narrowed to the base ;
midrib beneath glabrous or minutely pubescent; 3-6 in. long, 1^-2 in.
broad ; petiole 1^—2^ in. Panicles rather dense, axillary, usually shorter than
or not exceeding the petioles, or terminal and rather longer. Pedicels shorter
than or equalling the flowers. Petals roundish or broadly elliptical, about
twice as long as the ovate calyx-lobes. Fruit nearly \ in. in diam.

Nile Iiand. Mountains of Abyssinia, Schimper ! Billon and Petit !

R. Fetitiamim^ Rich. 1. c. 144, known to me ouly by description, must be very near to
this plant, if, indeed, specifically distinct.

6. R. vixninalis, Vahl ; BC. Prod. ii. 70. Wholly glabrous. Leaves
coriaceous, 3-foliolate ; leaflets elongate-linear-lanceolate, mucronate, but
usually scarcely acute, narrowed to the base, subsessile or scarcely petiolulate,
entire, reticulate above, distinctly paler beneath, usually 3-6 in. long, \-^ in.
broad ; petiole f-l|- in. Flowers small, on short slender pedicels, in axil-
lary panicles shorter than or exceeding the petioles, occasionally terminal and
rather longer. Fruit as in R. ret'morrhaa, 2-3 lines in diam. when dry.

South Central. Highlands of Batoka country, Dr. Kirk !

Dr. Kirk says the fruit is eaten. Rhus viminale of Richard in ' Flora Abyssinica,' I re-
fer to R. retinorrhaa.

7. R. abyssinica, Hochst. hi Schimp. PI. Abyss. Branches tomentose
or shortly pilose. Leaves 3-foliolate ; median leaflet oblanceolate or oval,

JiJtlOi^ XLV. AKACARDIACE.E (oLIVEU). 439

obtuse or acute, pubescent, witli the minute venation obscure above, cinna-
mon-toraentose or -pubescent-tonientose beneath ; 2 4 in. lonjc, \\ 2 in.
broad; petiole 1-2 in. Flowers very sliortly pedie.-lhitc or subsessille iii
axdlary and terminal hairy panicles shorter than the havcv IVtals ovale
obtuse. Fruit about \ in. in diani. *

Nile Land. Mountains of Abyssinia, Schimpn- ! Nubia (Schicnti/. et Ateh. Enum).

1 have not seen 72. /o/^.y//w, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 113. It may be iJ.ntical with the
above.

8. R. villosa, Lbni. f. ; DC. Prod. ii. 70. Branches pubescent or

shortly pilose, occasionally with axillary thorns. Leaves :i-foliolate ; h-nflt-ls
obovate to oblanceolate, obtuse, entire, often apiculate ; reticulate, f^labrescrnt
or thinly hairy above, pubescent or somewhat tomentose beneath, with the
midrib and principal veins rather prominent ; median and lari^er Icallet usually
1-3 in. (rarely 4-6 in.) long, |-lf in. broad (in the Cape form frequently
much smaller). Panicles hairy, axillary (often subracemose) and shorter
than the leaves or terminal and produced beyond. Pedicels equallinjj or
shorter than the flowers. — Fruit glabrous. — Ii. pyroides. Rich. Fl. Abyss,
i. U5.

Nile Ijand. Abyssinia, Petherick ! Scliimper ! Upper Nile {Schweinf. et Asch. Enum).

Mozamb. Distr. JNIanganya hills. Dr. Meller !

Var. fi. iomentosa. Leaves densely tomentose beneath. Abyssinia, Roth !

Also at the Cape.

Var. y. grandifolia, near Mombane, 4000 ft., Dr. Kirk !

A variety with leaves finely pubescent on the midrib and margin. Zanzibar !

9. R, Kirkii, OUv. Branches covered with a short cinnamon-coloured
tomeutuuj. Leaves coriaceous, 3-foliolate, shortly petiolate ; median leatlet
oval, \-\ longer than the lateral leaflets, narrowed to each end, acute or sul)-
acute, lateral .sessile, all obtuse or narrowly rounded at the base, reticu-
late with paler venation and early glabrous above, softly rusty, or cinnamon-
tomentose beneath; median leaflet ai)out 2-4 in. long, '-Li in. broad; pe-
tiole \ in. more or less, broadly channelled above. Flowers sessile, fascicled
on short lateral ramuli of the principal branches of sparsely divided, rather
rigid and erect terminal IcaHess or nearly leafless tomentose panicles ; bracts
usually linear, tomentose, exceeding or falling short of the tlowcrs. Petals
scarcely twice as long as the calyx, elliptic-oblong.

South Central. Near Victoria Falls, Batuka country, l)r. Knk- '

2. SORINDEIA, Thouars ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 419.

Flowers small, polygamous or dia^cious. Calyx 4-5(-3)-toothe(l, cup-
shaped. Petals as nuiuy as calyx-teeth, valvate or slightly imbricate at the
tips. Mule fl. : Stamens 10-20, occupying a central disk ov {\ Olifjandrn,
Planch, ms. in Herb. Kew) as many or twice as tiwmy as the petals, iuM-rted
around the disk. Ovary 0. Hermaphrodite or female fl.: Stamens or stn-
minodia normally as many as the petals. Ovary sessile; .style thick or 0;
stigma with 3-4 shortly recurved adnate lobes. Ovule susj)ended near thr
middle of the cell. Fruit drupaceous. "Embryo with thick fleshy colylc-

440 XLV. ANACAKDiACEvE (oliver). [Sof'indeia.

dons and a lateral ascending radicle." — Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves
alternate, unequally pinnate ; leaflets entire. Panicles terminal, axillary or
from the old wood,' often lax and divaricate, many-tiowered.

A small genus, confined to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Of several of the species we
have only male flowers, and it is not improbable that those with iso- or diplostemonous sta-
mens, may prove generically distinct from the original S. madaffascaiiensis and S.juglandi-
folia.

Leaves 1-5-7-1 1-foliolate, \-\h ft. long.
Mowers 4-5-merous.

Ovary narrowed into style. (Stamens of $ fl. 10-20,
scattered on disk.)
Panicles terminal or axillary. Leaflets with an oblique

spurious vein from the axils of the lateral nerves . . 1. S. juglandifolia.
Panicles lateral or from old wood, fascicled. Venation

anastomosing, without the oblique vein as above ... 2. 6'. madagascariensis.

Stigma sessile ( c? fl. unknown) ^. S., patens.

Flowers 3-merous (? fl. unknown) 4. S ? trimera.

Leaves multifoliolate, 2-4 ft. long.

Leaflets distinctly acuminate. Flower 4-merous. Anthers .<«

much shorter than filaments 5. S. Mannii.

Leaflets with short acumen or apiculate. Flowers 5-merous.

Anthers equalling the filament 6. «S. longifolia,

1. S. juglandifolia, P?«wc^. iw ^e/-^. Z(!^z^. Wholly glabrous. Leaves
unequally pinnate ; leaflets 1-7-11 or more, coriaceous, usually alternate, pe-
tiolulate, oblong-elliptical, the terminal and upper rather larger tending to
obovate, obtuse with a short acumen or apiculus, entire, with a more or less
distinct coriaceous marginal nerve ; midrib and lateral nerves rather promi-
nent, the reticulation confluent into more or less distinct oblique veins from
the axils of the lateral nerves; l|-3|(-6) in. long, f-l:|(-3) in. broad;
petiolule 1-3 lines. Panicles terminal or subterminal, erect, exceeding the
leaves with successively shorter racemose lateral branches. Flowers \\-'^
lines, subsessile or on short pedicels, 5-merous. Calyx cupuliform, shortly
and broadly 5-toothed. Petals oblong. Stamens of male flowers 15-20;
anthers linear-oblong, exceeding the filament. Ovary glabrous, narrowed
into the style ; stigma with 3-4 very short recurved adnate lobes. Ovule
inserted near the middle of the cell. — Dupuisia juglandifoUa, Rich, in Fl.
Seneg. i. 148. t. 38. Sapindus simj)lici/olius, Don, Gard. Diet. i. 666, ^de
Benth. in Fl. Nigrit. 286.

Upper Guinea. River Nuiiez, Senegarabia !
Lower Guinea. Congo, Burton !

Var. divaricata. Leaflets larger, up to 4-6 in. long ; panicles lax, widely divaricate, pedi-
cels ((?) slender, equalling or exceeding the flowers {S. heterophjUa, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit.
280). — Sierra Leone, Bon ! Oldfield ! Bagroo river (a climbing shrub), Mann ! .,

Oldfield says the fruit is eaten. The Congo specimens are altogether smaller and the
leaflets more numerous than in the Senegambian plant, but the diff'erences are such as station
mi^lit easily occasion. 1 have not seen miifoliolate specimens myself.

This is probably the uudescribed Sorindeia africana (DC. Prod. ii. 80), referred to by R.
Brown in Tuckey's Congo, App. 431.

2. S. madagascariensis, DC. Prod. ii. 80. A tree, often of large
size, wholly glabrous. Leaves unequally pinnate, more or less coriaceous ;

Sorindeia.] XLV. anacardiace.i: (olivkr). 441

leaflets 7-9-11, oblong or oblong-elliptical, the terminal often obovate, shortly
and obtusely acuminate or apiculate, base usually somewhat cuneately nar-
rowed to the petiolule, reticulate beneath with prominent midrib and lutcnd
nerves, 3-8 in. long, 1-3 in. broad; petiolules 1- 4 lines. Pui.iclcs fuscicu-
late, confusedly and divaricately branched, lateral or from the old wood, often
1-2 ft. long, dependent in fruit. Pedi(;els equalling or siiortcr than the
flowers. Calyx broadly 5-dentate. Stamens of male flower 1 5 20, of herma-
phrodite 5-7, with or without additional anantherous staminodes. Style very
short and thick ; stigma with 3 very short recurved lobes. Fruit the size
of a "sparrow's egg," yellow, " sweet, with the taste of turpentine."

Mozamb. Distr. Zanzibar aud E. tropical Africa, lat. 7° S., Speke and Grant!

Spekc and Grant mention a tree having a trunk 8 ft. in circumference.

Also in Madagascar and cultivated in tropical Asia.

3. S. patens, 0/2Z7. A glabrous climbing shrub, att;iiiiiiig3U it. Leaves
5-7-foliolate ; leaflets scattered, rather coriaceous, oval-oblong, rather nar-
rowly but obtusely acuminate, narrowed to the base, concolorous ; jaterni
nerves scarcely prominent and venation obscure beneath, the under surface
sparsely minutely tubercled or granulate; 5-6 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad ; pe-
tiolule 2-4 lines. Panicles terminal or subterminal, with few divaricate or
deflexed interruptedly racemose branches. Pedicels (of female flower) about
equal to the flowers, which are 1^-2 lines in diam. Calyx-lobes 4 (rarely 5),
deltoid. Petals convexly spreading, ovate, with somewhat revolute mar-
gins. Stamens (eflete? or staminodes) 4(-5), alternate with the petals, ex-
terior to the disk. Stigma sessile, 3-lobed ; lobes short, divergent, grooved
above and adnata to the ovary. Ovule suspended from a little above the
middle of the cell.

Upper Guinea. Corisco Bay, Ma7in !

4. S. ? triiuera, Oliv. A glabrous tree of 30 ft. (Mat/n). Leaves un-
equally pinnate, 5-7-foliolate. Leaflets coriaceous, shining above, latcnd
opposite, terminal larger, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, shortly pointed or
acuminate, rounded or broadly cuneate at base ; midrib and distant curving
lateral nerves prominent below, reticulation subprominetit, 5-7 in. long,
2^-3^ in. broad ; petiolules }-^ in. Panicles fascicled toward the extremities
of the branches, shorter than the leaves in our specimens, with the (male)
flowers irregidarly clustered ; pedicels equalling the flowers or flowers sub-
sessile. Calyx 3-fi(l ; lobes broadly ovate. Petals 3, broadly ovate, obtuse,
valvate. Stamens 6, around a radiately corrugated disk ; antliers small,
ovoid, much shorter than the filaments. Female flowers not sirn.

Upper Guinea. River Kougui, W. tropical Africa, Mann !

A specimen in fruit onli , labelled " Balsam of St. Thomas," from a tree 60-80 ft. in height,
scut by Mr. Mann from the Island of bt. Thomas (3000 ft. above the sea), closely rr»omblc«
this, and is probably the same. The fruit is imperfect, apparently sphericnl, smooth, «ith •
coriaceous cpicarp, aud about 1 in. in diam.

The opposite loaHils and 3-merous diplostcmonous tlower.s of S. ^ (rimera indicate grneric
distinction, but the female flowers arc }et unknown.

5. S. Mannii, Oik. A glabrous tree. Leaver 3-t ft. long, muilifo-

442 XLV. ANACARDIACE^ (oLiVETi). [Sorlndeia.

liolate ; leaflets coriaceous, oblong, the lower ovate-elliptical or -oblong, dis-
tinctly acuminate, slightly paler beneath, with a prominent midrib and curving
lateral nerves; 5-10 in. long (the lower smaller), 2-2|- in. broad; petiolules
3-4 lines. Panicles glandular-puberulous, probably from below the leaves,
^-1 ft. long, with divaricate, racemose, lateral branches. Pedicels equalling
or shorter than the flower. Flowers 4-nierous. Calyx-lobes broadly deltoid.
Petals slightly imbricate at the tips. Stamens 4 on the oi\tside of a plicate
pubescent disk ; anthers small, ovoid, much shorter than the filaments. Fe-
male flowers not seen.

Upper Guinea. Corisco Bay, Mann !

Mr. Barter sent, from Lagos, a specimen of a tree allied to this, or perhaps identical with
it, bearing male flowers, clustered in short panicles, 1 or 2 in. in length. I cannot, with
our imperfect material, either make a distinct species of it or unite it.

6. S. longifolia, Oliv, A large glabrous tree. Leaves 2-3 ft. long,

unequally pinnate, multifoliolate ; leaflets coriaceous, oblong or oblong-lan-
ceolate, with a short obtuse apiculus, green above, red-brown beneath when
dry, the midrib and straight lateral nerves (arching at their extremities), pro-
minent beneath, with obscure venation ; 6-9 in. long, 1|— 2 in. broad ; pe-
tiolule 2-4 lines. Panicles rusty-puberulous, fasciculate or much branched
below, from the branches below the leaves or on the old wood. Flowers
subsessile or pedicels shorter than the flowers. Calyx with 5 deltoid teeth.
Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, around a hirsute disk ; anthers ellip-
tical-oblong, rather coriaceous, equalling the filaments. Female flower not
seen. — Bupuisia ? longifolia^ Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 287. Sorindeia (Oligrmdra)
macropkylla. Planch, in Herb. Kew.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, T. Yogel !

3. MANGIFERA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 420.

Flowers polygamous or dicEcious. Calyx 4-5 -partite or lobed, unaltered
in fruit. Petals 4-5, imbricate in aestivation, the median line often thickened
below, on the inner side, into a prominent ridge. Stamens 1 or 4-5, 1 or 2
antheriferous. Ovary free, sessile, 1-celled, with a lateral style; "ovule as-
cending." Drupe fleshy, with a fibrous or woolly endocarp. — Trees. Leaves
alternate, simple, entire, coriaceous. Panicles terminal.

A small genus of Lidia and the eastern Archipelago, with the following western outlier.
One species, Mangifera indica, the Mango, is widely cultivated in tropical countries for the
sake of its excellent fruit.

M. gabonensis, A. Lecomte, is an Irvingia {Simarubea).

Calyx 5-partite, with imbricate segments. Leaves oblong-oval or -lan-
ceolate, distinctly petiolate *1. M. indica.

Calyx shortly 4-lobed. Leaves broadly oblanceolate, attenuated to the

base *. . 2. M. africana.

*1. M. indica, Linn. ; DC. Frod. ii. 63. A glabrous tree. Leaves
oblong-oval or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, usually narrowed into
the distinct petiole ; ^-1 ft. long, 1-2^ in. broad ; petiole 1 in. {^\-% in.).
Panicle many flowered, terminal, glabrous or puberulous.

Cultivated ; of Indian origin.

Mangifera.'] xlv. ANACARDiACE.f: (olivkr). 443

2. M. africana, Oliv. A tree, wholly glabrous, of 30 fl. or more.
Leaves very coriaceous, shining, somewhat clustered toward the emU of the
branches, rather broadly oblanceolate, much attenuated below to the sliort
petiole or winged base, rounded at the apex with a narrowed acute apicnlus ;
midrib and lateral nerves prominent beneath ; 6-14 in. long, 2- 3 J in. broud
towards the apex. Panicle terminal, erect, exceeding the leaves, 1 Ij ft.
long, pyramidal, with spreading or ascending branches. Pedicels articulated
at base, equalling or shorter than the CTimpanulate, shortly and oblufeely 4-
lobed calyx. Petals oblong-spathulate, clawed, not appendnged wilhin.
Antheriferous stamen solitary ; filament thinly glandular-puberulous ; slaroi-
nodia minute, rudimentary. Temale flower not seen.

Upper Guinea. River Muni, W. tropical Africa, Mann !

*•!. ANACARDIUM, Rottb. ; Eenth. et Hook. f. (ien. PI. i. 420.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-partite ; segments imbricate, deciduous.
Petals 5, narrow, imbricate. Stamens 10, few or all antheriferous, unequal.
Ovary free, sessile, obovate, with an oblique style ; " ovule lateral." Nut
reniform, oblique, supported upon a fleshy pear-shaped enlargement of the
torus and pedicel. Seed reniform. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate,
simple, petiolate, entire, coriaceous. Panicles terminal, bracteate.

A small tropical American genus, the following species of which has become wiilily sjinaJ
in hot climates.

*1. A. occidentale, Linn. ; DC. Prod. ii. 62. Leaves obovate or ob-
ovate-elliptical, broadly rounded or retuse above, cuneate or slightly rounded
to the petiole, glabrous, with prominent midrib and divergent lateral nen-es,
usually 3-6 in. long, 2-3^ in. broad ; petiole -^1 in. long.

I have seen specimens only from Cougo and the islands of the Gulf of Guinea. It is cul-
tivated also on the East Coast.

5. H^MATOSTAPHIS, Hook. f. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 422.

Flowers small, dicccious. Male fl. (only known): Calyx unecpially 3-fid ;
lobes obtuse. Petals 3, obovate-oblong, imbricate. Stamens 6, un((jual,
alternately longer, all fertile. Ovary 0. Fruit an oblong crimson dru|)c,
with a thick 1-celled, 1-seeded, bony endocarp. Seed exalbuminous, pendu-
lous, \\'\\\\ curved fleshy cotyledons and a minute radicle. — A small tn-e.
Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate, multifoliolatc, collected at the cxtn^mi-
ties of the branches. Panicle elongate, laxly branching. Flowers shortly
pedicellate. Fruit acid, edible.

Based upon the following solitary species, peculiar to \S . tropical .\frica.

1. H. Barteri, Ilook.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 169. /. 25. Ix-avcs

narrow, 9-15 in. long. Leaflets alternate or subopposite, petiolulnte, oblong,
obtuse or emarginate, entire, rather glaucous beneath, \\-2\ in. long, \ J in.
broad ; petiolulcs \-l\ lines. Panicle? 1 1 ft. long or more, liractcolcs
minute. Drupe 1-1 in- Jo^S-

444 XLV. ANACARDIACEJE (oliver). [Hamalostajj/iis.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Niger, Barfed' !

Mr. Barter calls the fruit the " Blood-plutn " of the Nupe district.

6. TRICHOSCYPHA, Hook. f. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 423,

Flowers small, unisexual or hermaphrodite. Calyx 4(-5)-fid ; lobes ovate
or deltoid. Petals 4(-5), ovate, vaivate in aestivation. Male fl. : Stamens
as many as- and alternate with the petals ; filaments filiform, inflexed in bud ;
anthers elliptical or ovate-oblong, versatile. Ovary 0. Pemale or herma-
phrodite fl. : Stamens shorter ; filaments subulate; anthers ovoid (efl'ete?).
Ovary sessile, ovoid, surrounded by a more or less distinct disk, densely hir-
sute ; styles usually 3, nearly or quite free, glabrous ; stigmas capitellate.
Ovule solitary, pendulous. Fruit (in one species) ovoid, dry and indehiscent,
bearing the remains of the styles. Seed exalbuminous, with a thin testa.
Cotyledons thick, plano-convex. — Small trees or scandent shrubs. Leaves
ample, alternate, unequally pinnate, 9-15-foliolate ; leaflets entire, membra-
nous or coriaceous. Flowers in short, dense or clustered, terminal panicles.

Confined to W. equatorial Africa.

Leaflets membranous or thinly coriaceous. Male flowers iu compact pa-
nicles . . . ' 1. T. Mannii.

Leaflets coriaceous, shining above. Male flowers sessile, densely clustered

in branching panicles 2. T. lucens.

1. T. Mannii, Hook.f. hi Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. PL i. 423. A small
tree. Leaves imparipinnate, ample, 2-3 ft. long, 11-13-foliolate, the rachis
more or less hirsute- or strigillose-pilose ; leaflets approximated in pairs or
alternate, oval-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, usually acuminate, glabrous
above excepting the impressed strigillose midrib, sparsely pilose or at length
wholly glabrous beneath, wdth prominent midrib and curved looping lateral
nerves ; 5-10 in. long, 1^-3^ in. broad (the lower often smaller) ; petiolules
not exceeding 1 or 2 lines or 0. Flowers 2-3 lines in diam., collected in
very dense short panicles at the ends of the branches 2-4 in. long and
broad. Pedicels 1-2 lines, of the perfect flower stout, strigillose or glabrous.
Calyx. 4 (-5) -fid ; lobes deltoid, acute. Stamens of the male flower with fili-
form filaments, exserted, of the hermaphrodite shorter than the petals. Ovary
densely hirsute ; styles free nearly from the base, glabrous. Fruit ovoid,
apicnlate, tipped with the remains of the styles, about ^ in. long', coriaceous
and thinly pilose.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon river and Old Calabar river, Mann !
The petals of the male flowers retain a deep-red colour when dry.

2. T. lucenSy OUv. A climbing shrub, attaining 30 ft. Leaves, rather
coriaceous, f-2 ft. or more in. length, rachis puberulous or glabrescent ; leaf-
lets 11-15, the lateral approximated in pairs, oval-oblong, acuminate, shining
above, midrib and lateral nerves prominent beneath, early wholly glabrous or
finely puberulous beneath or the impressed midrib above only minutely stri-
gillose, 3-7 in. long, li-2i" in. broad ; petiolule 3-6 lines ill the male, about
1 line in the female plant in our specimens. Flowers 1|— 2 lines in diam.,
4-merous (male only seen), sessile, in dense oblong or rounded clusters on

TrichoscypJia.'] xlv. anacardiace.t. (oliveu). 445

the branches of short, sprending, terminal panicles of 4-0 in. Cnlvx 4.fid
with ovate sej^ments. Petals ovate, obtuse, twiec as long ns lh*e calyx.
Stamens equalling the petals, inserted round a hirsute disk!' Young fruits
silky with ferruginous hairs, subsessile or on very short, pubescent, Mout
pedicels.

Upper Guinea. River Muni, W. tropical Afiira, Mann !

Specimens, with male flowers only, of possibly a third spccit-s of Triclv-' -' ' •■•■ --i the
Kew herbarium from Fernando Po (Mann). The flowers arc stssile or .tin-

rulate, in loosely branched panicles as in T. lucens, but the leaflets, in tr\- »c of

T. Mannii, are only about 5 to each leaf.

7. ODINA, Roxb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gtii. IM. i. 423.

Plowers polygamous. Calyx 4-5-fid or -partite; segments ovate or
roundish. Petals as many, imbricate. Disk small, annular or saucer-shaped.
Male fl. : Stamens 8 or 10, inserted under the margin of the disk ; anthers
versatile or subversatile. Rudiment of ovary usually 4-fi(l. Fertile fl. •
Anthers smaller, often effete (?). Ovary sessile, free, glabrous or hairv, 1-
celled. Styles 4 or 3, short, distinct, rather stout ; stigmas terminal, Ovule
solitary, pendulous. Drupe oblong or ellipsoidal, conii)ressed. " Embn,o
with flat fleshy cotyledons."— Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, drei<luous,
unequally pinnate, usually collected at the extremities or in Interal tufts from
nodes of a previous year; leaflets opposite, entire. Flowers racemose, often
fasciculate, shortly pedicellate or subsessile.

A small genus of tropical Africa and Asia. One or two of the following; are vcrj- 1. early
allied to Indian species and may prove, with additional material, to be identical. NVc have
fragmentary specimens of apparently undcscribcd species of Odina in the Kew hi rbarium
from various intertropical African localities, but these scarcely deserve to be described.
Two distinct species grow at the Cape.

Leaves i-H ft.

Leafless at time of flowering. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, glabresicent,

subsessile 1. 0. Schimpfn.

Leaves present at time of flowering.
• Leaves early glabrous.

Leaflets subsessile 2. 0. fruticosa.

Leaflets distinctly petiolulate 3. 0. antia.

Leaves pubescent or tomentose at least beneath.

Hairs not stellate. Spikes fascicled on previous wood . . . 4. 0. liarlrri.
Tomentura stellate, especially beneath. Spikes 1 or 2, axillary 5. 0. veluttna.
Leaves 1-6 in.

Leaflets obovate-cuneate. Ovary glabrous G. 0. nhorata.

Leaflets elliptical. Ovary hirsute 1.0. humtltt.

1. O. Schimperiy Hochst. ; Jiich. Fl. Ahysi. i. 140. Iknnehes stout,
rugose, leafless, apparently, at time of flowering. Lenves \-\ ft. with a
scattered stellate pubescence at first above, and early deciduous tomentum
beneath, O-ll-foliolate ; leaflets submembranous, ovate-lanceolate, narrowed
to a distinct, obtuse, narrow acumen, obli(juely rounded at the base, sub-
sessile or sessile. Racemes simple, clustered at the tomentose extremities
of the leafless branches, at length (in ripe fruit) lateral by the elongation of
the terminal shoot ; racemes of sterile flowers 4 G in. long, those bearing

446 XLv. ANACARDiACEiE (oliver). [Odma.

chiefly fertile flowers ly-2 in. long, more or less densely foxy-tomentose ;
pedicels 1-1 1- lines. Petals elliptical, slightly concave. Anthers of the male
flowers oblong-elliptical, dorsally affixed, of the female smaller, effete?
Drupes glabrous, often retaining the remains of the distinct styles.

Nile Land. Abyssinia, Sckimper ! Capt. PuUen ! Sennar, Cienkowski.
Nearly allied to 0. Wodier, Roxb., a common Indian species.

2. O. fruticosa, Hochst. ; RicJi.^M. Abyss, i. 141. Extremities
rugged, lenticellate. Leaves present at time of flowering, 9-15-foliolate, at
first minutely stellate-pubescent, at length glabrous, f-1 ft. long; leaflets
obliquely lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a rather obtuse point, base more
or less rounded, oblique, sessile or subsessile, 2-2>\ in. long, \-\ in. broad.
Flowers usually 4-merous, in simple or once-branched, rather stout, axillary,
foxy-tomentose or -pubescent spikes, ly-3|- in. long, sessile, or pedicels very
short and concealed. Calyx-lobes roundish-ovate, imbricate. Petals ellip-
tical, concave, sometimes recurved above. Pilaments filiform, inserted in the
back of the broadly oblong anthers. Kudiment of the ovary in the sterile
flowers 3-4-fid.

Nile Land. Mountains of Abyssinia, Sckimper ! Dillon ! Sennar, Kotschy ! Cien-
koicski ! Madi, Speke and Qrant !
Affords a resin.

Var, ? parvifolia. Leaves much smaller. Fruiting-spikes not 1 in. long. Madi, ^eke
and Grant !

Odina fraxinifolia, Fenzl, known to me by name only and not described to my know-
ledge, may perhaps be O.fruticosa.

3. O. acida. Rich, (under Lannea) in Fl. Seneg. i. 154. A small de-
ciduous free. Leaves exceeding 1 ft,, 7-11-foliolate, wholly glabrous or
with indications of an early deciduous tomentum ; leaflets distinctly petio-
lulate,, oval-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to an obtuse subacuminate apex,
base obliquely cuneate, 2-4^ in. long, li-li in. broad; petiolule H-3
lines. Plowers in stellate-tomentose, ascending, spicate racemes 1-2^ in.
long, clustered at the ends of the branches ; pedicels 1 line. Calyx-lobes
ovate, at length deciduous. Petals oblong-oval. Anthers of the fertile
flower small, probably effete. Styles 4, distinct. — {? 0. Oghigee, Hook. f.
PI. Nigrit. 286. Spondias Oghigee, Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 79.)

Upper Guinea. Senegambia ; ? Nape, Niger, Barter !

Barter's plant accords well with Richard's description excepting that the leaves are rather
larger.

4. O. Barter!, Oliv. A small tree. Leaves |~1|- ft., 7-11-foliolate,
very shortly and softly hispid-pubescent throughout, the upper surface at
length minutely granular-scabrid from the tubercled hair-bases ; lateral leaf-
lets opposite, ovate-elliptical or elliptical, cuspidate or shortly acuminate,
more or less broadly rounded at the base, subsessile ; hairs simple (not stel-
late), very short and uniform above, most conspicuous on the veins beneath,
3y-6 in. long, H-3 in. broad. Flower-spikes simple, fascicled, from nodes
of a previous year, divaricate, 3-5 in. long, pubescent or tomentose. Flowers
(male) sessile or very shortly pedicellate, 4-merous. Calyx-lobes ovate, ob-

Odina.] XLV. AKACAiiDiACE.f: (oliver). 447

tiise. Petals obovate. Rudiment of ovary 4-ti(l. Fertile flowers and fruit
not seen.

Upper Guinea. Nupe, Niger, Barter !

5. O. velutina, Rich, (under Lavnca) in Fl. Sf^nrf/. i. 15 L /. 42. Kxlrc-

mities and leaves at tirst covered witli a short, foxy, fctt-llatc lonientum.
Leaves 5-9-foliolate ; lateral leaflets opposite, ovate-laneeolate, obtuse,
sessile or subsessile, the upper surface minutely scabrid-lubercltd nnd with
scattered stellate hairs, the lower paler, covered with a short tufted or stel-
late tomentum, 1^-2 in. long, f-1 in. broad (jirobably frequently larj^er).
Flowers in ascending-, solitary, simple, axiHary racemes or from the nodes
of the previous year, 4-6 in. long; pedicels (of male flowers) fascicled, hniry,
1-2 lines long. Calyx-lobes ovate. " Fruit drupaceous, coriaceous, oblong,
pubescent, crowned by the short recurved styles."

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrotfei !

6. O. obovata^ Hook. f. in Herb. Kew. Branches stout, divaricate,
the young extremities hoary-tomentose. Leaves clustered at the ends of the
branches, 7-13-foliolate, small and narrow, 2-3 in. long, ^-1 in. wide, more
or less hoary with a whitish stellate tomentum, at length ])robably glabrous ;
lateral leaflets opposite, coriaceous, obovate, very obtuse, entire, 3--^ in. long,
i-j in. broad. Flowers very small, shortly pedicellate, in ascending, naiTow,
hoary, axillary racemes, shorter than or nearly equalling the leaves ; pedicels
stellate-tomentose, not exceeding 1-1|- lines. Calyx small, deeply 4-fid,
nearly glabrous. Petals oblong, obtuse, somewhat concave. Anthers of the
fertile flowers small, probably eflete. Ovary glabrous. Styles 4, distinct.
Male flowers and fruit not examined.

Nile I«9,nd. Somali country, Col. Playfuir !
Said to afford a resin collected by the natives.

7. O. humilis, Oliv. A low, much-branched tree. Branches terete,
rather stout, with lateral and terminal tufts of tomentose leaves and flower-
spikes. Leaves (partially unfolded in our specimens) under 2 in. in length,
9-11-foliolate, densely whitish-tomentose beneath, scabrid-pubeseent with
scattered stellate hairs above ; leaflets elliptical or ovate, obtuse, not exceed-
ing |-| in. in length. Flower-spikes \-\\ in. long, densely tomentose;
pedicels very short. Calyx-teeth shortly and broadly ovate. Petals oval,
obtuse, veined. Ovary densely hairy.

North Central. Bornu, E. Voyel I
Nile Iiand. Senuar, Kotschij !

8. SPONDIAS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. den. I'l. i. 4 2(k

Flowers small, polygamous. Calyx minute, 4 5-lobed. I'etals as ninny,
spreading or recurved, valvate or imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 8 10,
inserted under the plicate or crenate disk. Ovary free, sessih>, 4 .''i-celh-d.
Styles 4-5, short, distinct. Ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit n fleshy drujx'
with a bonv, l-5-celled, 1 S-seeded putauien. Fmbryo straight wiili pinno-

448 XLV. ANACARDiACEiE (oliver). [Spondios.

convex cotyledons. — Trees. Leaves alternate, often somewhat crowded at
the extremities, unequally pinnate; leaflets opposite or subopposite, entire.
Flowers in terminal spreading panicles.

A small tropical genus of which two or three species are cultivated for the sake of their
fruit (the Hog Plunj).

riowers 2-3 lines diam. Petals valvate *1. S. lutea.

Flowers 1 line diam. Petals imbricate 2. 5. microcnrpa.

*1. S. lutea, Linn. ; DC. Prod. ii. 75. A large tree, wholly glabrous
or the leaves puberulous on rachis and nervation. Leaves f- 1^ ft., 7-9-19-
foliolate, membranous or subcoriaceous, wholly glabrous or the rachis and
nervation puberulous ; leaflets opposite or subopposite, obliquely ovate-lan-
ceolate or -oblong, obtusely pointed or acuminate, rounded at the base on
the upper margin, often obscurely undulate-crenate, more or less distinctly
reticulate beneath with a marginal vein, petiolulate, 2-3^ in. long, 1-1|- in.
broad ; petiolules 1-3 lines. Flowers small, in terminal, spreading, rather
lax, many-flow^ered panicles equalling or exceeding the leaves ; pedicels 1-3
lines, glabrous or puberidous. Calyx minute, 5 -toothed. Petals oval, at
length widely spreading or recurved, valvate in bud. Filaments filiform,
inserted round a conspicuous plicate or lobed disk. Ovary glabrous, 5-
celled. Drupe nearly as large as a plum, yellow or orange. — S. aurantiaca,
Schum. et Thonn. Guin. PI. 225 (ex descr.). S. ? dubia, llich. in Fl. Seneg.
i. 153.

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Sieber ! near Sierra Leone, Bi-. Kirk ! Niger, Barter ! Grand
Bassa, T. Vogel I Ambas Bay, Mann ! Annabon, Burton !

Indigenous in the AY. Indies and tropical America. The frnit is eaten.

2. S. microcarpa, Rich, in Fl. Seneg. i. 151. t. 40. A glabrous tree.
Leaves 5-13-foliolate, 9-18 in. long; leaflets rather coriaceous, alternate or
subopposite, ovate-oblong or the terminal elliptical, lateral very oblique, acu-
minate, upper margin at the base rounded, glabrous, reticulate, entire, dis-
tinctly petiolulate, 3-6 in. long, l-|-3 in. broad ; petiolules }-\ in. Male
flowers 4-5-merous, very small, about 1 line in diam., wdiitish, usually sub-
sessile, in laxly branching panicles of -^1 ft. or more from the axils of the
upper leaves. Calyx-lobes ovate. Petals distinctly imbricate. Stamens 8
or 10, around a crenate disk. Eudiment of ovary 4-fid. -Drupe fleshy,
ovoid, the size of a grape, yellow, with a 1-4-celled putameu.— (? ^. Zanzee,
Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 79.)

Upper Guinea. Senegal, Perrottet !

This plant having been referred to Tapiria by M. Planchon in the Kew herbarium, this
genus is stated to be African in the ' Genera Plantarum ' of Messrs. Bentham and Hooker, but
in a few young fruits attached to the Kew specimens the ovary is certainly not 1-celled and
consequently must be referred to Spondiece, although it does not appear to be a good
Spondias.

S. Oghigee and S. Zanzee, Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 79, I cannot quite satisfactorily determine.
They are most imperfectly described and the specimens are insufficient or conflicting. S.
Oghigee, collected at Sierra Leone by Don, iu the herbarium of- the British Museum,
is evidently an Odina, as determined by Dr. Hooker (Fl. Nigrit. 286). I have quoted it
as a doubtful synonym of O. acida. Of S. Zanzee there is in the same collection a single

Spondias."] XLV. anacardia.ceje (oliver). 449

leaf which may or may not belong to the same species as a plant in the Kew herbtrium
marked "Spondias Zanzee, G. Don!" by M. Planchon, which I Uke to be S. mxnocarJ
Rich. Don, however, states that his S. Zanzee has a small black fruit.

9. SCLEROCABYA, Hochst. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 427.

Flowers dicEcious or polygamous. Sepals 4 (rarely 5), roundisli. iml)ri-
cating, coloured. Petals as many, rotundate or obovate, spreading or re-
flexed, imbricate in aestivation. Male fl. : Stamens 12-24, inserted round n
small fleshy disk. Female fl. : (I have not examined). Ovary subf^lol)ose,
2-3-celled. Styles short, thick, distinct, with peltate stigmas ; (ovuK-s, ac-
cording to Dr. Kirk, 2 in each cell, pendulous). Drupe with a 2-3-celled
putamen, 1 seed in each cell. Seeds exaibuminous. Cotyledons fleshy,
oily, radicle superior. — Trees. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate, clustered
at the ends of the branches, glabrous ; leaflets opposite or subopposile.
Male flowers in spicate racemes.

A small genus confined to Africa and the Mascarene Islands.

Leaves 7-11 -foliolate ; petiolules usually i-1 in \. S. Caffra.

Leaves 9-23-foliolate ; petiolules 0-2 lines 2. 5. Birrea.

1. S. Caflfra^ Sond. i?i Linnaa, xxiii. 26. A glabrous tree. Leaves
rather coriaceous, clustered toward the ends of the branches, 7-11-foliolate,
6-15 in. long; leaflets usually on long petiolules, oblong- or ovate-elliptical,
acuminate or apiculate, base oblique, the upper margin at least rounded,
entire or obscurely crenulate, 1^-4 in. long, f-1^ in. broad; petiolules ^1
in., rarely shorter. Flowers in spicate racemes, about ^ in. in diam. ; male
racemes 2^-5 in. long; pedicels \-\\ lines. Petals recurved. Ovules 2 in
each cell according to Dr. Kirk, suspended by a thick, fleshy, 'jointed ' funicle.
Drupe l-5~2 in. diam., roundish, the pulp acid and resinous, putamen thick
and bony, 2-celled, with a single seed in each cell ; the radicle of the ger-
minating embryo finding exit by a hole at the apex of the cell, from which
an operculum or plug falls out. The thick oily cotyledons are edible.

Mosamb. Distr. Lake Nyassa and other localities in Zambesi-land, Dr. Kirk !

Native name * Morula,' according to Dr. Kirk, whose detailed drawings of the ovule and
curious fruit are in the Kew herbarium. Our specimens of the true .S'. Caffra, from Nntal
and Macalisberg mountains, are not very good, and the Zambesi plant may prove distinct.
The Macalisberg plant, indeed, may be different from the Natal one ; the leaves in the for-
mer being nearly white beneath, while iu the Natal and Zambesi Sclerocarya tlicy are but
slightly paler.

2. S. Birrea, Hochd.; Walp. Rep. v. 418. Leaves tufted at the
ends of the branches, 9-23-foliolate, narrow, ^-1 ft. long, wholly glabrous
or subglaucous ; leaflets opposite or subopposite, oblong- ovate- or obovate-
elliptical, obtuse or acute, usually mucronate, base more or less rounded,
entire, or of barren branches occasionally toothed, subcoriaceous, slightly
paler beneath, |-2 in. long, \-\ in. broad ; petiolules not exceeding 2 lines
in our specimens, or leaflets subsessile. Male flowers in short spikes or
spicate racemes with very short pedicels. Drupes borne singly on »tout
peduncles under 1 in. in length, globose, glabrous, "the size of a walnut.*

VOL. I. ^

i

450 XLV. ANACARDiACE^ (oliver). \_Sclerocarya.

The seed is edible, and from the pulp a fermented liquor is prepared. — Spon-
dias Birrea, Kich. in Tl. Seneg. i. 152. t. 41.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot !

Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Schimper ! and others; Madi, Speke and Grant! Seunar,
Cienkowski.

10. HITZERIA, Klotzsch ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 427.

riowers moncEcious. Calyx 4(-5)-lobed; segments oval, valvate, and
exceeding the petals in bud. Petals 4 (-5), inserted on the calyx, slightly
imbricate. Stamens (of male flowers) 8, alternately shorter, inserted on
the calyx ; anthers oval-oblong, mucronate, versatile. Ovary 0. Pemale
flowers (not seen by me) 5-merous. Stamens 10, iiidimentary. Ovary 3-
celled. Style short ; stigma peltate, 3-lobulate. Drupe tomentose, 1-celled,
1-seeded. Seed ascending with a minute inferior radicle and thick, fleshy,
plano-convex cotyledons. — Tree. Leaves clustered at the extremities, un-
equally pinnate, 5-7-foliolate, scabrid-pubescent. Plowers small, in spicate
racemes, buds oblong. Drupes eatable.

Based upon the following species.

1. H. edulis, Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. Bot. 89. Leaflets oval- or
ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, rounded at the base, the lateral opposite, sub-
sessile, shortly hispid or scabrid-pubescent at least when young, not exceed-
ing 2| in. in our specimens.

Mozaxnb. Distr. Mozambique, Dr. Peters ! (? Tette, Zambesi, Kirk, $ but leafless
and fragmentary.)

11. LANNEOMA, Delile ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 428.

Plowers monoecious. Calyx 4-partite, tomentose. Petals as many, im-
bricate. Stamens 8 ; filaments confluent into a minute annular disk at base.
Ovary in male flower rudimentary, in female ovoid, 2-celled ; stigmas sessile,
remote; ovules pendulous. Drupe obovoid with a 2-ceIled putamen. — A
small scabrid- tomentose or pubescent tree. Leaves 3-foliolate, tufted at the
nodes. Flowers glomerulate.

Based upon the following and only species.

1. L. velutina, Delile in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. ii. 20. 91. ^. 1./. 2. Leaf-
lets obovate, median larger, obtuse, entire, scabrid-pubescent, with scattered
stellate hairs or the surface minutely tubercled above, stellate-tomentose -be-
neath.

Nile Xjand, Abyssinia, Galinier^ Schimper !

I have not had the opportunity of examining flowers or fruit.

451

Order XLYI. CONNARACEiE (by Mr. J. G. Baker).

Flowers usually hermaphrodite, reo^ular or nearly so. Calyx quinquepar-
tite, persis<^ent, valvate or imbricated. Petals 5, li^late and longer than
the calyx or rotundate-cuneate and shorter, usually imbricated, free or
slightly coherent. Stamens perigynous or hypofrynous, 5 or more usually 10,
the alternate ones in that case (those opposite the petals) considerablv
shorter than the others and frequently imperfect ; filaments filiform, ofleli
monadelphous at the base ; anthers short, didymous, the dehi>ce!ice introrse,
sometimes turned round at length. Disk 0 or thin, surrouiuk-d by the bn»e
of the stamens. Carpels usually 5, rarely 1-3, free, hairy, 1 -celled. Style
subulate or filiform ; stigma subcapitate, simple or 2-lobed. Ovules 2, colla-
teral, ascending from the base of the inner angle of the cell, orthotropous. Cap-
sule usually solitary, sessile or stipitate, follicular, dehiscing usually in front,
rarely on the back, 1- or very rarely 2-seeded. Seeds erect, with or without
an arillus or with the testa arilliform below the middle. Embr\-o either cx-
alburainous with amygdaloid cotyledons or albuminous with foliaceous coty-
ledons, the radicle superior or very rarely ventral. — Trees or climbing or
erect shrubs. Leaves persistent or deciduous, alternate, exstipulate, simple
or imparipinnate, with 1 or many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets sul)coriaceou8 or
coriaceous, always entire. Flowers small and inconspicuous, racemose or
paniculate. Capsule glabrous or naked internally.

A small Order (about 140 species, fide Bentham and Hooker), universally dispersed
through the tropics and scarcely passing beyond them.

Tribe 1. Connareae. — Sepals imbricated in astivation. Seed* exalbuminout.

Calyx spreading or reflexed.

Leaves pinnate 1. Bvrsocarpus.

Leaves 3-foliolate 2. Agei-ea.

Calyx clasping the fruit or its stalk.

Capsule sessile, the fruit-calyx dilated 3. Roukea.

Xapsule stalked, the fruit-calyx not dilated 4. Co.\.nabl'!i.

Tribe 2. Cnestideee. — Sepals valvate in astivation. Seeds albuminous.

Capsule stalked, glabrous within 5. Ma notes.

Capsule sessile, hairy within C. Cnestis.

1. BYKSOCABPUS, Schum. et Thonn. ; Beiith. et Hook. f. Gen. PI.

i. 431.

Calyx quinquepartite, persistent, the divisions roundish, rigid, much im-
bricated. Petals 5,. linear, exceeding the calyx. Stamens 10, snbequal or
alternately longer and shorter, the filaments subulate, dilated at the ba«e.
Carpels 5, hairy. Style short ; stigma terminah 2-fid. Capsule obliquely
oblong, coriaceous, dehiscing by the dorsal suture. Seed sessile, erect, with
a broad hilum, oblong, terete, the testa smooth, red, fleshy and arilliform
below the middle. Albumen 0. Cotyledons pitted ; plumule villose ; ra-
dicle very short, superior or ventral.— Shrubs with pinnate leaves.

Confined to tropical Africa.

452 XLVi. CONNARACE^ (baker). [Byrsocarpus-

Leaflets elliptical, bluntly rounded at the apex.

Leaflets in 3-7 pairs. Petals ligulate, not imbricated \. B. coccineus.

Leaflets in 10-12 pairs. Petals obovate, imbricated 2. B. orientalis.

Leaflets ovate, acute.

Leaflets t-| in- long, \ in. broad Z. B. ovatifolius.

Leaflets li-H in. long, |—1 in. broad ^. B. marimus.

1. B. coccineus, Schum. et Thonn. PL Guin. 226. A copiously
branched shrab 4 or 5 ft. high, with glabrous, terete, dark-coloured, woody
l)ranches mottled with copious, pale, raised spots. Petiole | in, long, firm,
slightly downy when young, the rachis 2-3 in. long ; leaflets in 3-5 pairs,
obovate, the lateral ones alternate, on very short petiolules, about I in. long
by ^ in. broad, the point rounded and emarginate, the lower side cut away
slightly towards the base ; texture subcoriaceous, both sides glabrous when
mature, the lower a little downy when young. Flowers in copious, lax, 3-5-
flowered cymes, the peduncle very short, the pedicels very slender, glabrous,
often |— ^ in. long, with small lanceolate bracts at the base. Calyx at first
campanulate, 1 line deep, the lobes reaching two-thirds down, ciliated, orbicu-
lar, much imbricated, finally quite patent, \ in. deep and the lobes then scarcely,
if at all, imbricated. Corolla white, 3-4 lines long, the petals equal, under
1 line broad. Stamens all equal and equalling the corolla or alteraately
longer and shorter and the longer ones falling short of the corolla, with inter-
mediate gradations. Carpels densely grey-silky. Pod about ^ in. long, ob-
long-cylindrical, very slightly stalked, glabrous, brown, coriaceous, a little
curved, finely grooved longitudinally. — Planch, in Linnaea, xxiii. 412 ; Walp.
Ann. ii. 294. B. puniceus, Schum. et Thonn. and Planch. 1. c. Rourea coc-
cinea, Hook. f. Fl. Nigrit. 290.

Var. j8. {B. parvifolius, Plauch. 1. c), leaflets in 5-7 pairs, oblong, the upper ones about
f in. long by half as broad.

Upper Guinea. S)en^^z.mh\^, Heudelot ! Sierra Leone, A/zelius ! Barter! Guinea
proper, Thonning, Brass ! T. Vogel ! Barter ! Mann !

After examination of a large number of specimens, it is quite clear to us that no de-
pendence can be placed on the length of the filaments as a specific character, and that there
is no definite limit between the 3 species published from the W. coast.

2. B. orientalis. Baker. A small tree with very rugose glabrous branches
mottled like those of the preceding. Petiole f-l in. long, firm, glabrous, the
rachis 6-8 in. long; leaflets in 10 or 12 nearly opposite pairs arid a terminal
one, the lateral ones on stalks under 1 line long, oblong, \-\\ in. long by
about half as broad, the base equally rounded, the point blunt and slightly
mucronate ; texture subcoriaceous, both sides glabrous. Plowers as in the
preceding. Petals (not seen in our specimens), according to Baillon, obovate
and much imbricated. Pruit-calyx deeper than in the preceding (2 lines),
the lobes subdeltoid. Pod ^-f in. long, slightly curved. — Rourea orientalis,
Baillon, Adans. vii. 230.

Mozamb. Distr. Zambesi-land, Shupanga ; Rovuma, Br. Kirk!
Also a plant of Madagascar, from whence M. Baillon (1. c.) has described 2 additional
species.

3. B. ovatifolius. Baker. Branches woody, terete, glabrous, not
mottled. Petioles slender, glabrous, f— |- in. long, the rachis 1^-2 in. long;

Byi'socarpns.'] XLVi. connarace^ (baker). 458

leaflets 7-9, ovate, |-^ in. loii<^, more than half as broad, acut<.-, the bii§€
slightly rounded, the lateral ones subopposite, on petiolules 1 lint- lonj^ ; tei-
ture subcoriaceous, both sides glabrous ; veins beneath not raised. Flower*
in lax cymes. Corolla not seen. Fruit-calyx 2 lines deep, the lol)e« bluntJy
rounded, scarcely fully patent when mature. Pod sessile, oblong-cylindr!c«l,
■f- in. long, i in. thick, glabrous, slightly curved.

Mozamb. Distr. Banks of the Rovuma river, thirty tnih-.n from Ihp eont, Dr.

Meller!

4. B. maximns. Baker. A small tree, with glabrous, rugose, mottled
branches. Petioles 1-1} in. long, slender, glabrous, the rachis 2 3 in. long ;
leaflets 7-9, obovate or broad ovate, 1:J-H ^"- 'o'^f^. i- 1 in- broad, subacute,
the base rounded; texture subcoriaceous, both sides quite glabrous, the vein*
beneath not raised. Flowers in lax cymes. Petals not seen. Fruit-calyx 2
lines deep, the lobes subdeltoid, scarcely spreading fully when mature. Pod
sessile, oblong-cylindrical, f in. long, \ in. thick, glabrous, considt-rably
curved.

Mozaxnb. Distr. Bauks of the Rovuma, Dr. Kirk !

2. AGEL^A, Soland.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 432.

Calyx quinquepartite, persistent, the divisions ligulate or narrow-ovate, at
first slightly imbricate, afterwards spreading or reflexed. Petals 5, lanceolate
or ligulate, free or slightly cohering in the lower half. Stamens 5, free, or
10, united or free at the base, the filaments filiform. Carpels 3-5, verj- hair)-,
narrowed into the subulate styles ; stigmas simple or 2-lobed. Capsules
1-2, velvety, sessile or short-stalked, coriaceous, rugose or lamellate, ^i:^
erect, the testa coriaceous or crustaceous, fleshy and arilliforra from the base
above the middle ; albumen 0. — Trees or erect or climbing shrubs, with 3-
foliolate leaves.

A small genns, common to Africa and the Malay Archipelago.

Stamens 5, included \. A. Lamarcktt.

Stamens 10, exserted.

Petals free to the base. Leaves glabrous beneath '2. A. obltqua.

Petals cohering below. Leaflets villose beueath 3. J. vtUota.

1. A. Lamarckii, Planch, in lAnnaa, xxiii. 438. A wide-climbing
shrub, with woody glabrous or slightly downy branchlcts. Petiole 2-3 in.
long, firm, usually glabrous. Leaflets 3, the terminal one on a petiole 1 in.
long, obovate or rounded, cuspidate, 3-4 in. long. 2-3 in. broad, the base
rounded, the lateral ones nearly sessile, unequal-sided ; texture coriaceous ;
upper surface glabrous, lower glabrous or slightly downy, only the pnncipal
veins prominent. Flowers in copious tliyrsoid panicles, sometimes 1 ft. long,
the lower branches erecto-patent, copiously compound. IVdials vcr>- short,
the flower scarcely more than ^ in. long, the petals free, equalling the sepals,
which are firm in texture and velvety on the back, the t-xpauded tlower star-
like, 2 lines broad. Stamens 5, free to the bjise, included. I od obliquely
oblong-turbinate, as in the other species and siniilar in sue. finely vclyrty.
— Baillon in Adans. vii. 238. Connnrus pnuiatus, Lam. I>ict. »i. 95; C»T.
Piss. vii. 376. t. 223. Ompknlobium penta^nunt, DC. Pnul. ii. 86.

454 XLvi. coNNARACEiE (baker). [AgeUta,

Mossamb. Distr. Moramballa hills, alt. 3500 feet, Zambesi-land, Dr. Kirk !
A commoa Mauritian and Madagascar species.

2. A. obliqua. Pal. Beam. Fl. Oware, i. 95. t. 59 {Cnestis). An erect or
climbing shrub,, with firm, woody, glabrous or slightly downy branchlets. Pe-
tioles 2-4 in. long, firm, glabrous. Leaflets 3, the terminal one on a petiolule
about 1 in. long, roundish or broad-ovate, with a cuspidate point and rounded
base, 4-6 in. long and nearly as broad, the lateral ones nearly sessile, smaller
and unequal-sided ; texture coriaceous, both sides glabrous, the under one with
the main veins prominently raised. Flowers in ample panicles, often 1 ft. long,
and more than half as broad, generally just above tbe leaves, but sometimes
the lower part down amongst them, the lower branches copiously compound,
erecto-patent or divaricate at a right angle. Bracts minute, lanceolate, de-
ciduous. Ultimate pedicels shorter than the calyx, which is -|- in. deep, the
divisions elliptical, free down to the base, finely grey- velvety on the back.
Petals free, elliptical, 2 lines long, scarcely over ^ line broad. Stamens 10,
united at the base, exserted. Pod 6-7 lines long by half as thick, oblong-
turbinate, rugose, finely velvety, considerably curved, not stalked, the calyx
reflexed, not dilated. — A. nitida, Soland.,/o?e Planch., Walp. Ann. ii. 305 ;
Baillon in Adans. vii. 238.

Vpper Gkxinea. Seuegambia, Heudelot ! Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Irving ! Barter I
Smeathmann ! Mann ! Prince's Island and Fernando Po, Mann ! Guinea, Palisot de
Beauvois ; Brass ! Duparquet !

3. A. villosa, Holand. mss.^Jide Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 438. A wide-
climbing shrub, with 'terete, woody, densely ferruginous-downy branchlets.
Petioles 2-3 in. long, firm, downy. Leaflets 3, the terminal one on a petiolule
1 in. long, obovate-oblong, 4-7 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, cuspidate, the lower
part much narrowed and the' base subcuneate, the lateral ones nearly sessile,
smaller and unequal-sided; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface glabrous,
lower finely, downy, the veins and veinlets prominent. Flowers in ample
thyrsoid panicles above the leaves, which are sometimes 1 ft. long and more
than half as broad, the lower branches copiously compound, erecto-patent.
Bracts linear, downy, the lower ones sometimes |- in. long. Calyx about 2
lines deep, densely downy, the divisions ovate or ligulate, reaching down to
the base. Petals scarcely exceeding the sepals, cohering towards the base.
Stamens 10, shortly monadelphous, the longer ones equalling or slightly ex-
ceeding the petals. Pod ^-rf- in. long, \m. thick, oblong-turbinate, rugose,
with longitudinal grooves, densely velvety, considerably curved, narrowed at
the base but not truly stalked,, the calyx reflexed. — Baillon in Adans. vii.
237. Cnestis trifolia. Lam. Diet. iii. 24. Omphalobium villosum, DC.
Prod. ii. 86 ; Deless. Ic. Select, iii. t. 58. 0. nervosum, G. Don, Gard. Diet,
ii. 90.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudetot ! Sierra Leone, Afzelius I G. Don ! Morson !
Smeathmann ! Barter ! Prince's Island, Mann ! Guinea, Mann I Buparquet !

Lamarck's is the oldest name, but all the specie^ are 3-foliolate.

XLVI. CONNARACK^ (BAKEK). 455

3. ROUREA, Aubl. ; Bcntli. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 432.

Calyx qiiinqiiepartite, the divisions larger in fruit and imbricated, clasping
the base of the fruit. Petals 5, loii^ro,- than the calyx, usually iinf-ar-oblon;?.
Stamens 10, alternately lou<^cr and shorter, the fdiVoitn fdaun-iits united at
the base, the anthers didymous. Carpels 5, four usually imperfrct, the fifih
attenuated into a straight subulate style, the stigma subcapitate. Capsule
sessile, curved, clasped at the base by tiie calyx, chartaceous, 1 -seeded.
Seed erect ; the arillus erect, incomplete, slit in front, equalling or shorter
than the seed; testa shining, smooth; albumen 0. — Trees and abrubs.

A considerable geuus, belting the world iu the tropics.
Follicle glabrous.

Flowers in lax 6-12-flo\vcrcd racemes 1. R. iantaloides.

Flowers very numerous, in dense panicles 2. Ji. mynaniAa.

Follicle velvety.

Leaflets 5-7 Z. li. Solanden.

Lower leaflets 3-5 ; upper leaves simple 4. /^ heterofhylla.

1. R. santaloides, TVigldand Am. Prod. FI. Ind. 144. Branches gla-
brous, terete. Petiole 1^-2 in. long, firm, glabrous. Leaflets 3-5, oblong or
obovate-cuspidate, 2-4 in. long, more than lialf as broad, the lateral ones sub-
opposite, on short petiolules ; texture coriaceous, both sides glabrous and
glossy, with the veins and veinlets in relief. Flowers in fascicled, lax, G-12-
flowered racemes, 1 in. or less long, the pedicels slender, glabrous, 2-3 lines
long, spreading from the axis at a right angle, minutely bracteate at the base.
Calyx campaimlate, I line deep, the divisions broad-ovate, imbricated, gla-
brous on the back, ciliated round the edge. Petals four times as long as the
calyx, yellowish, ligulate, with a space between them in the expanded flower.
Stamens equal, rather shorter than the petals, much longer than the styles.
Follicle solitary, oblong, 7-8 lines long, narrowed upwards, not compressed,
glabrous and considerably curved. R. Jfzelii and sanlaloides, Planch, in
Linnaea, xxiii. 418. Comiarus san(aloides,Y-d]i\, Symb. iii. 87; DC. Prod,
ii. 85.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius in Herb. Brit. Mm. !

Our description is taken from the original specimen in the British Mustnra, tod wc can-
not distinguish the plant from the common Indian one. ^Ve have, at Kew, several speci-
mens from the Guinea coast, which may represent closely allied but distinct n>rcif5. but
none of them are complete enough to form a decided opinion upon. One gathered, by .Mann,
at Fernando Po, has the leaves much less coriaceous, with the veins not rai»ed, the ract-mc*
longer, with slender pedicels f-1 in. long, spreading at right angles. The other specimen*
(Barter, Mann, and Thomson) have the leaves varying in texture between those of the
forms already described, but the inflorescence cymose rather than raremose, with p«dicrU
varying from ^-1 in. long. The alliance of the Cnestts pinnata, of Heauvoii (Fl. Owarr,
i. 98. t. 60), Manoies FaHso/i, Planch, in Linnaca. xxiii. 438, is evidently, in our vic«,
here.

2. R. myriantha, Ball/on iu Adans. viii. 198. Probably a tree; the

branches and whole platit glabrous, the bark pale grey, longitudinally *tnaled.
the branches angular, probably nodding. Leaves mostly 5-folioIale^ I el.ole
slender, glabrous, the base suddetdy thickened an<l rugose. Leaflets ellip-
<icMl, the terminal one the largest, 4i in. long by half as broad, shortly acu-

456 XLVi. coNNARACE.E (baker). [Rourea.

ininate, the base cuneate, entire or sinuated, subcoriaceous, smooth and
shining on the upper surface, much paler below, penninerved, the veins not
prominent. Flowers closely crowded, the clusters arranged in copiously
branched axillary spikes. Calyx-teeth oblong-lanceolate, accrescent and ap-
pressed to the carpels. Petals linear, involute, much narrower than the
sepals.

Vpper Guinea. Gaboon, Griffon du Bellay.

3. R. Solanderi, Baker. Branches woody, glabrous. Petiole above 1
in. long, firm, woody. Leaflets 5-7, the terminal one oblong, 3-3^ in. long,
1^ in. broad, acuminate, the base scarcely rounded, the lateral ones opposite,
on short petiolules, the lowest pair considerably shorter ; texture coriaceous,
both sides glabrous. Flowers in short racemes. Corolla not seen. Fruit-
calyx nearly 3 lines deep, clasping tightly the base of the follicle, coriaceous,
glabrous, the divisions ovate, slightly imbricated. Follicle solitary, sessile,
7-8 lines long, oblong, narrowed upwards, considerably curved, finely brown-
velvety, not compressed.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Afzel'ms I

lu the only specinaen we have seen, which is in the British Museum, there is a soUtary
flower on a woody finely villose pedicel, more than 1 in. long, with the remains of several
other flowers sessile upon it.

4. R. heterophylla. Baker. Branches strong, woody, terete, glabrous.
Lower leaves 3-5-foliolate, on firm glabrous petioles, 1^-2 in. long, the upper
ones simple. Terminal leaflet oblong, 3-35- in. long by about half as broad,
the base rounded, subcuspidate ; texture coriaceous, both sides glabrous, the
lateral ones opposite or subopposite on short petiolules. Flowers in sessile or
stalked few-flowered cymes, the peduncle when present slightly grey-downy,
the pedicels very short, with small bracts at the base. Calyx 2 lines deep,
the divisions ovate, bluntish, finely grey-downy. Pod nearly an inch long,
obovate, coriaceous, grey-velvety, slightly curved, not compressed, clasped
lightly by the glabrous dilated calyx.

Upper Gruinea. Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! in Herb. Brit. Mus.

4. CONNARUS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 432.

Calyx quinquepartite, the imbricated divisions not accrescent, clasping the
stalk of the capsiilo. Petals 5, sometimes slightly cohering. Stamens 10,
the alternate ones shorter and sometimes abortive, the filiform filaments united
at the base, the anthers didymous. Disk 0 or thin, annular, surrounding the
outside of the base of the filaments. Carpels 5, four usually small or defi-
cient, the fifth narrowed into a subulate style, the stigma subcapitate. Cap-
sule obliquely oblong or obovate, subcompressed, stipitate, coriaceous, dehis-
cing by the ventral suture, l-seeded; Seed erect, with a lobed incomplete
arillus adnate to the lateral hilum ; testa polished ; albumen 0. — Trees or
shrubs, often subscandent.
' A considerable genus, belting the world in the tropics.

Petals two to four times as long as the calyx.

Leaflets 1-3 1. C. africanus.

Connanis.] xLvi. connauacla: (bakeu). 45 7

Leaflets 5-7. Leaves glabrous.

Carpels solitary. Pod not at all compressed, oblong . . . 2. C. Duparmt^tiamtu

Carpels 5. Pod obliquely obovate, much compressed . . i. C.Jtoniund^t
Leaves ferruginous beneath.

Pedicels slender, glabrous, exceeding the calyx 4. C. Thomtom.

Pedicels stout, densely ferruginous, shorter than the calyx . 5. C. SmfathmnmH%

Petals equalling the calyx ^ (; pubricm,.

Petals oue-third as loug aa the calyx 7. C'. Manmu.

1. C. africanusy Lam. Diet. ii. 95. A shrub of 15-20 ft., with woody,
terete, glabrous branches. Petiole 2-3 in. long, the upper leaves simple, the
lower 3-foliolate ; leaflets elliptical or obovate, 4-6 in. lonj^ by alx)ut half as
broad, acuminate, the base rounded, the terminql one on a petiolule about 1 in.
long, the lateral ones opposite, shorL-staJked ; texture coriaceous, both sides
glabrous, only the main veins raised beneath. Flowers in ample, terminal,
thyrsoid panicles, leafy in the lower part. Pedicels ferruginous,' 1 line or
less long. Calyx | in. deep, the teeth oblong, obtuse, rather unet^ual, at
first imbricated. Petals oblong, three times as long aa the calyx, close and
nearly 1 line broad. Longer stamens equalling the corolla. Legume sub-
compressed, distinctly stalked, rigid, coriaceous, glabrous, \\ 2 in.' long, \-\
in. broad, the upper edge curved, the Lower nearly straight.— Cav. Diss. vii.
375. t. 221. Planch, in Linnaea, xxiii. 426. Omphalobium a/ricanum, DC.
Prod. ii. 85 ; Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 156.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Perrottet ! Bidjem ! Heudelot .' Sierra Leonr , AftrlUs !
Smeaihmann ! Bun ! Guinea, Barter ! Mann I

2. C. ? Duparquetianus, Baillon in Adam. vii. 236. A shrub, 12-
15 ft. high, with firm, terete, glabrous branches. Petiole 6-8 in. long, gla-
brous, woody, much thickened at the base. Leaflets 5-7, oblong or obovate-
oblong, the terminal one in one of our specimens 1 ft. long by 6 in. broad,
cuspidate, the base subcuneate, the lateral ones not opposite, on dilated indu-
rated stalks, \-\ in. long ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface rather glossy,
the lower with the veins and veinlets prominently raised, both quite glabrous.
Flowers in dense, fascicled, 4-6-flowered racemes under 1 in. long, from the
main branches; the peduncles and short pedicels densely ferruginous. Calyi
\ in. deep, ferruginous-velvety, the divisions oblong. Petals two to three
times as long as the calyx, the longer stamens equalling them. Style 0.
Pod like a small acorn, not compressed, oblong, very slightly oblique, | in.
long, glabrous, with a short distinct stalk.

Upper Quinea. Old Calabar, Mann I Duparquet.

This will doubtless have to form a new genus, but at we do not po»»rM npf fruit, we
leave it here for the present. It has no style and only a single carpt-l. The fruit it not at
all compressed, and very slightly oblique, and, so far as we can judge from our imperfectly
matured specimen, may not unlikely be indehiscent. M. Baillon tMigot to it two ovule*,
but we have only been able to see one.

3. C. floribxindus, Schum.et Thonn. PL Guin. 299. A woody climber.
10-15 ft. high, the branches terete, ferruginous when young. Petioles 3 4
in. long, firm, glabrous, incrassated at the base. Leaflets 5 7, obovale-ob-
long, 4-5 in. long, H-2 in. broad, cuspidate, the base slightly roundwl
or subcuneate, the lateral ones opposite or alternate on short petiolulc« ,

458 XLVi. coNNARACEiE (baker). [Cotinarus.

texture coriaceous, both sides quite glabrous, the veins hardly at all raised.
Flowers in ample terminal panicles, sometimes more than 1 ft. long, the
branches erecto-patent, finely ferruginous. Calyx under 1 line deep, the
divisions oblong, ferruginous on the back. Petals ligulate, three times as
long as the calyx, under I line broad. Longer stamens about equalling the
calyx. Pod f in. long, nearly as broad, the lower margin nearly straight, the
upper obliquely rounded, the faces subcompressed, striated, the ferruginous
stipes 2 lines long. — Planch, in Linngea, xxiii. 425. Omphalobium Thon-
ningii, DC. Prod. ii. 86.

Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 3fami ! Guinea, Brass ! Thonning !

lu Planchon's Monograph in the Linnsea, he hoth adopts Schumacher and Thonning's
Connarus floribundus, and gives the same specific name (1. c. p. 435) to a new species from
Dutch Guiana. Our plant of course will have to retain it.

4. C. Thomsoniy Bake?-. A shrub, with woody, terete, glabrous
branches. Petioles slender, glabrous, 2 in. long. Leaflets 5, oblong or
slightly obovate, 2-3 in. long by half as broad, cuspidate, the base rounded,
the lateral ones opposite, on very short petioles ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper
surface glabrous, lower with fine, short, spreading, greyish pubescence, espe-
cially on the slender raised veins. Flowers in a copiously branched terminal
subcorymbose panicle. Pedicels slender, glabrous, often two or three times
as long as the calyx, which is not more than ^ line deep, the sepals ovate,
obtuse, nearly glabrous on the back. Petals ligulate, four times as long as
the calyx, the longest stamens falling short of them. Pod not seen.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson !

Very like C. Mannii in general habit, leaves, and pubescence ; different in the petals.

5. C. Sxneathxnanni, I)C. Prod. ii. 86 (^Omphalobium). A woody
climber, the branches terete, feiTuginous when young, glabrous when mature.
Petioles 2-3 in. long, incrassated at the base; leaflets 5-7, oblong, with a
slight obovate tendency, 4-5 in. long by rather less than half as broad, cus-
pidate, the base rounded, the lateral ones nearly or quite opposite ; texture
coriaceous ; upper surface glabrous, glossy, lower densely matted when young
with ferruginous silky tomentum, glabrous when mature. Flowers in copious
terminal panicles, the branches erecto-patent, densely ferruginous. Pedicels
stout, very short, densely ferruginous like the calyx, which is more than 1
line deep, the divisions ligulate-oblong. Petals ligulate, nearly \ in. long,
under ^ line broad. Longer stamens nearly equalling the corolla. " Pod f
in. long, three-quarters as broad, obliquely obovate, striated, ferruginous when
young." — C. Griffonianus, Baillon in Adans. vii. 235.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Smeaihrnann, fide De Candolle ; Gaboon country,
Mann! Griffon du Bellay^ fide Baillon.

Very doubtfully distinct from C. fioribundus. The rather larger flowers and leaves matted
beneath when young are the only difference.

6. C. pubescens, Baker. A shrub, 15 ft. high ; the branches terete,
glabrous. Petioles 2-3 in. long ; leaflets 5-7, obovate-oblong, 4^5 in. long by
just half as broad, cuspidate, the base rounded, the lateral ones opposite, on
short petiolules ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface glabrous, lower with

Connarus.] XLVi. connabaceje (baker). 459

rather spreading fine ferruginous pubescence, the veins fine but prominent.
Flowers in terminal subcoryrabose panicles. Pedicels slender, finely hairy,
equalling or shorter than the campanulate calyx, the divisions of which are
ovate-oblong, twice as long as broad, ciliated and finely silky on the back.
Petals not rnore than equalling the calyx, the stamens exserted. Pod not »c<n.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Mann I

7. C. Manniiy Baker. A woody climber, the young branches finely
ferruginous. Petiole 2-3 in. long ; leaflets 5-7, oblong or slightly obovntc,
4-6 in. long by more than half as broad, cuspidate, the base broadly
rounded, sometimes subcordate, the lateral ones opposite, on short pclio-
lules ; texture subcoriaceous, upper surface glabrous, lower thinly matted all
over with very fine, silky, greyish pubescence, the veins slender but prominent,
ferruginous. Plowers in ample terminal panicles with eiecto-patent branches
clothed with fine, greyish-ferruginous, silky pubescence; pedicels sometimca
exceeding the calyx, which is 2 lines deep, densely malted on the back, the
divisions ligulate, under \ line broad. Corolla only a third as long as the
calyx, the petals ovate. Stamens equal and all equalling the calyx. Pod
not seen. Ovaries 5, hairy.

Upper Gkdnea. On the river bank, Old Calabar, Mann !

5. MANOTES, Soland. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 433.

Calyx quinquepartite, persistent, spreading in fruit, the divisions ovate-
lanceolate, unequal, valvate. Petals 6, ligulate, exceeding the calyx. Sta-
mens 10, arising from a short pubescent gynophore. Carpels 5, placed on
the apex of the gynophore, ovoid, attenuated into filiform styles, the stigma
subcapitate. Capsules 1-5, stipitate, velvety, obliquel^v turbmate, quite
Baked within. Seed erect ; testa subcarnose ; albumen copious ; erabrjo
oblong ; radicle short, superior. — Woody climber.

Restricted to W. tropical Africa.

Corolla 2 lines deep.

Branches of the panicle slender, divaricated, nearly glabrous . . \. M. frpamsa.

Branches of the panicle robust, erecto-pateut, densely ferruginous . 2. M. Gnfoniams.

ConoUa 4 lines deep 8- '*'• i<>»9*/orm.

1. M. expansa, Soland. fide Planch, in Lhin^a, xxiii. 439. A woody
climber, the branches mottled, like those of Byrsocarpu^, with copious, raised,
grey points, slightly grey-downy when young. Petioles 1 in. long ; Icafleli
.5-7, ovate or oblong, 1^2 in. long by half as broad, acuminate, the base
rounded, the lateral ones opposite, nearly sessile ; texture subconac^ous, under
surface slightly ferruginous on the veins when young, glabrous when n.ntunv
Flowers in a very lax panicle, the branches spreading at right angles, both
branches and the main rachis very slender, slightly grey-downy the ultimate
pedicels 2-3 lines long. Calyx campanulate, 1 line deep the divisions lan-
ceolate, reddish, nearly glabrous. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, the petals
whitish, ligulate. Longer stamen? equalling the petals. Lari>el8 5. velvety.

460 xLvr. coNNAEACE^ (baker). [Mamies.

Pod i in. long, half as thick, turbinate, long-stalked, not compressed.—
Cnestis corniculata, Benth. Fl. Nigrit. 290. non Lam.

Upper Ouinea. Guinea, Grand Bassa, T. Vogel I banks of the Bagroo river, Mann !
Sierra Leone, JfzeJius ! Smeathmann I Bon.

2. M. Griffoniana, Baillon in Adans. vii. 244. A woody climber 12-
15 ft. high, the old branches glabrous, mottled as in the preceding, the young
ones densely ferruginous. Petioles 1 in. long; leaflets 9-11, oblong, 1-|~2
in. long by half as broad, acuminate, the base rounded, the lateral ones op-
posite, nearly sessile ; texture subcoriaceous, the under surface slightly ferru-
ginous. Plowers in broad, ample, terminal panicles, the branches thyrsoid,
erecto-patent, both these and the main rachis robust and densely ferruginous ;
pedicels shorter than the calyx, which is campanulate, under 1 line deep, the
divisions ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent. Corolla and longer stamens three
times as long as the calyx, the petals ligulate. Pod (not seen mature) ob-
liquely turbinate, turgid, curved, long-stalked, densely brown-velvety.

Upper Guinea. Gaboon country, Mann ! Buparquet and Griffon du Bellay^ fide
Baillon.

Iiower Goinea. Congo, C. Smith !

For the M. PalisoU of Planchon, see Rourea, p. 455.

3. M. longiflora. Baker. A woody climber, 10-15 ft. high, the older
branches glabrous, terete, not mottled, the young ones finely grey-pubescent.
Petioles 1 in. long; leaflets 9-11, oblong or the upper ones obovate, 2-3
in. long by half as broad, acuminate, the base rounded, the lateral ones ses-
sile, opposite or alternate ; texture subcoriaceous, upper surface glabrous, lower
thinly clothed with spreading greyish pubescence, the veins slender, slightly
ferruginous, not much raised. Flowers in broad ample panicles, the branches
thyrsoid, erecto-patent, moderately robust and grey-pubescent ; ultimate pe-
dicels slender, pubesceut, exceeding the calyx, with a linear bract at the base.
Calyx campanulate, 2 lines deep, the sepals lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Petals
twice as long as the calyx, ligulate. Carpels 5, hairy, seated on a gynophore
^ line high, which is surrounded by a ring composed of the united bases of
the stamens, the longer ones equalling the petals, the filaments slightly di-
lated downwards. Pod not seen.

Upper Gtiinea. Niger country, Eppah, Barter! banks of the river, Old Calabar,
Mann I

6. CNESTIS, Juss.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 433.

Flowers polygamo-dioecious. Calyx quinquepartite, the divisions valvate,
subequal, finally patent. Petals 5, longer or shorter than the calyx, ligulate
or subrotundate-cuneate. Stamens 10, subequal, the filaments free or sub-
connate at the base, the anthers finally recurved and appearing extrorse.
Carpels 5, sessile. Styles short ; stigmas subcapitate. Capsules 1-2, ob-
long reniform or cylindrical, curved or undulated, velvety on the outside,
with rigid hairs on the inside and sometimes on the outside also. Seed
erect, exarillate, or the testa subcarnose downwards ; embryo shorter than
the fleshy albumen. — Woody shrubs.

Cnesiis.] xi,vi. connakace.e (bakkr).

4G1

A small genus, belonging to tropical Africa and the Malay isles, one Bpecie* Cape.
Leaflets 4-13 pairs.

Petals exceeding the calyx

Rachis of leaves densely pubescent .... 1 ^; ^^ufa

Rachis of .leaves glabrous .; ^ cormcuIaU

retals shorter than the calyx.

Leaflets in 12-15 pairs. •' ^

Leaflets blunt. Calyx 2J-3 lines deep .... \ c maerautha

Leaflets acute. Calyx 1 line deep .... h. C. oblonnxUui

LeafleU 1-2 pairs n. C. raccmo»a

1. C. grisea, ^a/:e;-. A shrub with terete glabrous brnnches. Lt-avcs I
ft. long, the petiole about 2 in., clothed with firm, spreading, grey pube«.
cence; leaflets 6 pairs and a terminal one, oblong, the upper oiu-s '3-4 in,
long by just half as broad, cuspidate, the base cordate, the lateral ones quite
sessile, not quite opposite; texture subcoriaceous, upper surface glabrous unless
on the midrib, lower surface with a few scattered, spreading, tinn, grey hnirs.
FloAvers in fascicled racemes from the main branches, scarcely more than I
in. long before the flowers expand, the latter ovoid, sessile, densely grey-pu-
bescent, close together and subtended each by a linear bract, which equal*
the flower. Mature flowers with a pedicel shorter than the calyx, which is
i in. deep, the divisions lanceolate and finally revolute. Petals twice as long
as the calyx, ligulate. Flowers hermaphrodite ; the stamens united ut tin-
base, the longer ones falling considerably short of the petals. Carpels 5,
sessile, densely grey-pubescent. Pod not seen.

Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thomson !

Inflorescence like that of the Mauritian C. glabra and po/t/phy //a. It recedes from the
other species in the direction of Manotes by its stamens joined below and i)ct«ls excredinfc
the c^lyx.

2. C. comiculata. Lam. Diet. iii. 23. An erect or climbing shrub
with terete, woody, glabrous branches. Fully developed leaves 5-6 in. long,
the petiole about 2 in. ; leaflets in 4-5 pairs, oblong, 2-2^ in. long by about
half as broad, subacute, the base broadly rounded or cordate, the lateral ones
sessile, subopposite, the lower pairs ovate ; texture coriaceous, both sides quite
glabrous. Flowers in fascicled axillary racemes 2-3 in. long, the branches
thinly grey-pubescent. Calyx subsessile, with 2-3 small, pubescent, linear
bracts at the base 2 lines long, the divisions ligulate, slightly pulM'sc«*nt on
the back. Corolla when fully expanded slightly exceeding the calyx {i\
lines deep), the petals also ligulate. Pods 1-5, sessile, oblong-cylindrical,
li-li i"- ^o"oj narrowed gradually upwards and curved outwards, densely
clothed with spreading, bristly, ferruginous hairs 1 line to \ in. long. — DC.
Prod. ii. 87 ; Planch, in Linnaea, xxiii. 440. Spondiodes prurims, Smftath-
mann, and Agelaa pruriem, Soland. mss. in Herb. Mus. Brit.

Upper Guinea. Seneganibia, Reudelot ; Sierra Leone, Smeathmamn ! Gabooo
country, On fan du Bellay,fide Baillon.

Iiower Guinea. Congo, Smith ! Burton !

3. C. ferruginea, DC. Prod. ii. 87. A shrub, 8-12 H. high, the

462 XLVT. coNNARACE^ (baker). [CnesHs.

branches terete, the young ones densely grey- or ferruginous-velvety. Fully
developed leaves 1 ft. long, the petioles 2 in. ; leaflets in 8-10 pairs and a
terminal one, the upper ones oblong or ovate-oblong, 2-2^ in. long by half
as brgiad, bluntish, the base cordate, the lateral ones not quite opposite ; tex-
ture '^ubcoriaceous, upper surface glabrous, lower coated all over with grey-fer-
ruofinous tomentum. Flowers in terminal panicles with long, narrow, racemose,
erecto-patent branches ; pedicels about equalling the calyx, which is cam-
panulate, under -|- in. deep, the divisions lanceolate, densely brown-velvety
on the back. Petals whitish, rotundate-cuneate, considerably shorter than
the calyx. Carpels 1-5, 1-ly in. long, ^ in. thick below, considerably
curved and narrowed upwards, deeply wrinkled with longitudinal grooves,
clothed with bright red velvety tomentum. — Planch, in Linnaea, xxiii. 440.

Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudeht ! Sierra Leone, Smeathmann ! Jfzelitis !
Don, Morson ! Guinea proper. Barter ! Burton ! Griffon du Bellay !

Var. /3. {C. fraterna. Planch. Walp. Ann. ii. 306). Leaves hardly at all pubescent be-
neath. Senegambia, Heudelot !

4. C. macrantlia, Baillon in Jdans. yii. 242. A shrub 8 or 10 ft.
high, with strong terete branches, densely clothed with grey or slightly fer-
ruginous, spreading pubescence. Fully developed leaves 6-8 in. long, the
petiole very 'short; leaflets in 12-15 pairs and a terminal one^ oblong with
the 2 sides subparallel, H-^l-j in. long, |-|- in. broad, the point and base
both bluntly rounded, the latter slightly oblique, the lateral ones close, quite
sessile ; texture membranous, both sides with thin grey pubescence, that of
the upper surface shining. Flowers in ample panicles with elongated, erecto-
patent, racemose, densely hairy branches ; pedicels equalling the calyx, which
is 2^-3 lines deep, the divisions ligulate, densely grey or pale brown-velvety
on the outside. Petals not more than a third as long as the sepals, rotun-
date-cuneate, the apex eraarginate. Flowers polygamous. Filaments
slightly connate at the base. Carpels 5, densely grey-pubescent, the styles
nearly as long as the petals. Pod not seen.

Upper Gxiinea. OM Calahar, Mann ! Duparquet, fide Baillon.

5. O. oblongifolia. Baker. A woody climber 30 ft. long, the branches
terete, thinly ferruginous- velvety when young. Fully developed leaves 6-8
in. long, the petioles under 1 in. long; leaflets in 12-15 pair5 and a ter-
minal one, oblong, with the 2 sides subparallel, 1^2 in. long, ^-f in. broad,
narrowed gradually to a point, the base subcordate, the lateral ones close,
nearly sessile and opposite ; texture subcoriaceous, upper surface glabrous,
lower thinly clothed with grey-ferruginous pubescence. Flowers in ample
terminal panicles, the lower branches slightly compound ; pedicels equalling
the calyx, which is campanulate, 1 line deep, the divisions lanceolate, densely
brown-velvety on the back. Petals shorter than the calyx. Pod obliquely
oblong, 1^ in. long, transversely rugose, densely clothed with scarlet velvety
tomentum.

Upper Qninea. Prince's Island and Camaroons country, Mann !•

Very like C.ferruginea in vestiture; flowers, and fruit, but different in the leaves and
sometimes with short fascicled racemes in their axils.

Cnestis.'] XLVi. connauace.b (bakkh). 403

6. C. racemosa, Don, Card. Diet. ii. •>!. A shiul), 10 ft. hij^h, with
woody, glabrous, terete branches. Petioles 1^2 in. lonj;, tinn, Klnbrous ; leaf-
lets 3-5, the terminal one ovate-oblong, 3-3^ in. long, 2 in. broad, ncuminntr,
the base broadly rounded, the lateral ones subopposite, on short peliolulrs.
the lowest pair much shorter ; texture coriaceous, both sides glabrous nnd
green, veins and veinlets fine, raised. Inflorescence, in the only specimen we
have seen*, in a raceme 2-3 in. long, with a slender, finely brown-downy
rachis from the end of a branch on one side. Flowers not seen. I'od \ in.
long, sessile, obliquely oblong, narrowed below, densely clothed with bright
red, velvety tomentum.

Upper Guinea. Sierra Leooe, .<4/i^/ettj.'

465

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES,

The Synonyms and Species incidentally mentioned are printed tn Ita/ic*.

Page

Abelmoschus Bammia,

Webb .... 207
esculenius, W. et A. . 207
moschatus, Moench . 207

Aberia 121

abyssinica, Clos . .122
? macrocalyx, Oliv. . 122
mollis, Oliv. . . .122
verrucosa, Hochst. . 122

Abutilon 183

albidum, W. et B. .188
angulatum^ Mast. . 183
auritum^ Mast. . .187
asiaticum, G. et P. .185
asiaticum. Don . .184
bideutatum, Hochst.. 186
denticulatum, Fres. . 188
elaocarpoides, Webb 186
Figariamim, Webb . 184
fruticosnm, G. et P.. 187
glaucum, Webb . .185
graveolens, W. et A. 184
heterotrichum^<^%\.. 187
hirtum, Bon . . . 187
indicum, Don . . .184
indicum, Don . . . 186
intermedium, Hochst. 184
Kotschyi, Hochst. . 187
laxijlorum, G. et P. . 182
longicuspe, Hochst. . 184
macropodum, G'. ^/ P. 185
micr ophy I lutn. Rich.. . 187
muticum, Webb . .185
pannosum, Webb . 185
periplocifolium, Don 182
raraosum, O. et P. .186
sparmannioideSyG. eiF.lS6
tortuosum, G. et P. . 184
zanzibaricum, Boj. . 186

Acridocarpiis .... 277
angolensis.^ Juss. . . 280
Cavanillesii, Juss. . 278

Pago

chloroptcrus, Oliv. . 27 'J
corymbosus, Ilook.f. 278
guineensis, Juss. . 278
longifolius. Hook, f . . 278
natalitius, Juss. . . 279
orienialis, Juss. . . 279
plagiopterus, G. H P. 278
Smeathmannii,(?.^/P. 277
zanzibaricus, Juss. . 279

Acrolobusparvifolius,K\. 346
Schoenleinii, Kl. . . 346

Adausonia 212

digitata, L. . . .212

Adinandra .... 170
Mannii, Oliv. . . .170

Agelsea 453

Laraarckii, PI. . . 453
nitida, Sol. . . .454
obliqua, Beauv. . . 454
pruriens. Sol. . . . 461
villosa, Sol. . . . 454 I

Akeesia africana, Tuss. 426

Allanblackia . . . .162
floribunda, Oliv. . .163

Allophilus africanus,

Beauv 421

Alsine Scliimperi,}ichst. 142

Alsodeia 106

ardisioeflora, Welto. . 108
Aucuparia, Welw. . 109
brachypetala, Turcz. . 109
castaneoides, Welw. . 110
caudata, Oliv. . . .10?
? cauliflora, Oliv. . .111
cymulosa, Welw. . 108
dentata, Beauv. . .110
clliptica, Oliv. . .108
ilicifolia, Welw. . .108
latifolia, Tliouars . . 107
subintegrifolia, Beauv. 109
Welwitschii, Oliv. . HO

Alsodeiopsis .... 356

.Mannii, 0/ip. .
.KuvvAMiZM: . . . .
A tnyris papyri/era, Del.
Anacahdiace-c . ,
Anacardium . . . .

occidentalc, Limm.
Anaphrenium abyttini-
cum, Hochst. .

pulcherrimum, Schw.
Anastatica . . . .
Anci8trocaq)UB

brevispinosus, Oltc. .

dernispinosuA, Oliv. .
Aocistrocladus . . .

gruineeufiis, Oliv. . .
Aneulophus . .

africana, Bth. .

Aneuriscus . . . .

Anisandra nigreseen4,V\

Anomalapterii longi-

foUa, Don . . .

oborata, Don . . .

spicafa, Don
AnomilostrmoH .

bororeiuis, K.1.
Aoona

arenaria, Schum. ft
Thonii

Biirteri, Benih. . .

ClKrimoli.T, Mill.

chrysth-arpa, G. ct P.

>rIaucu,6V7r et Tkomm.

Mannii, Oliv. . . .

muricatA, DC . .

palustris, Linn. . .

? polycarpa, DC . .

rdiculata, Ltnm. .

sonrgalcnsis. Pert. .

squamosa, Lihm. . .
Anonack.c . . . .
A ntichonu deprtssus,\..
Apodytcs .

35r

885
824
435
4il
US

437
437
61
265
265
265
174
175
274
274
161
349

278

278

27H

75

81

14

IG
17
IG
16
17
17
16
16
82
15
16
16
18
263
3 j5

4;66

INDEX OF GENEBA AND SPECIES.

Page
acutifolia, Hochst. . 355
beuiaensis, Hook.f. . 855
dhnidiata, E. Mey. . 3^5

Arabis . . . *. . . 59
a/dida, Stev. . . .60
alpina, Linn. . . .59
fa/cata, Rich. ... 64

Areiiaria 142

africana, Hook. f. .141
r'prostrata, DC. . . 147
Schimperi, Hochst. . 142
serpyllifolin, Linn. . 142

Argemone .... 54
Meiican.a, Linn. . . 54

Artabotrys .... 27
brachypetala, Benth. 28
macrophylla, Hk.f. . 28
Thomsoni, Oliv. . . 28

Arungana paniculata,

Pers 160

Arversia depressa^ Kl. . 144

Aspidostigma aeumina-

tuvty Hochst. . . 306

Astrocarpus ahyssini-

f?«5, Hochst. . . 103

Aihesiandra anaeps^

Miers .... 348

Aubrya 275

gabonensis, Baill. . 275

Azamara irifoliata^Y{c]x. 421

Balanites 314

segyptiaca, Del. . .315

Balsamodendron . . .324
abi/ssinicum, Berg . 325
africanum, Am. . .325
Ehrenbergiattum, Brg. 326
gileadense, Kth. . . 326
Kafal, Kth. . . .325
Kafat, Rich. . . .325
Kotschyi, Berg . .325
molle, Oliv. . . .326
Opobalsamum, Kth. . 326
pedunculatum,Z;^^P. 326
Playfairii, Hk.f. . .326
Schimperi, Berg . .325

Balsam ophlcBos Kataf

Berg 326

Banisteria leona, Cav. . 277
zanzibarica, Boj- . ,279

Barbarea 59

vulgaris, £r. ... 59

Bastardia angulaia, G.

et P 184

BERBERIDACEiE ... 50

Berberis 51

arista ta, DC. . . . 51

Page
tinctoria, Lesch. . . 51

Berchernia 381 \

discolor, Hemsley . 381

Bergia . . . . . , 152
a})yssinica,^\(^. . . 154
ammanoides, Roth .152
anagalloides^Yj.'M.e^. 153
decumbens, PI. . .153
erecta, G. et P. . .153
pentandra, G. et P. . 153
peploides, G. et P. .153
polyantha, Sond. . .153
suffruticosa, Fenzl . 153
verticiUata, Willd. .152

Bersaraa 433

abyssinica, Fres. . . 434
integrifolia, Rich. . 435
maxima, Bak. . . 434
pauUinioides, Bak. . 435
serrata. Rich. . . .435

Biophytum . . . .297
abyssinicum,. Stead. . 297
Peter sianum, Kl. . 297
sensitivum^ Linn. . .297

Bixa 113

Orellana, Linn. . .114

BlXINEiE 112

Blighia . . .' . .426
sapida, Keen. . . . 426
unijugata, Bak. . . 427
zambesiaca, Bak. . . 427

Bombax 213

Buonopozense,-B^aMt7. 213
guineense, S. et T. . 214
pentandrum^ Linu. . 214

Boscia 91

angustlfoliay Harv. . 93
angustifolia, Uich. . 92
intermedia, Hochst. . 93
microphylla, Oliv. . 93
mossambicensis, Kl. . 93
octandra, Hochst. . 92
pubens. Rich. ... 94
reticulata, Hochst. . 93
salicifolia, Oliv. . . 93
senegalensis, Hochst. 92
senegalensis, Lam. . 92
urens, Welw. ... 93

Boswellia 323

papyrifera, Rich. . . 323

Brasenia 51

peltata, Pursh . . 52

Brassica 65

amplexicaulis, Hchst. 66
campestris, Linn. . 66
carinata, A. Br. . . 65
Eruca, Linn. ... 67

Page

nigra, Li?in. . . . 65

Schimperi, Boiss. . 66

Tournefortii, G^OMfl^i . 66
Braya falcata, Hochst. 64
Brotera bracteo3a,G.tiV.2ZQ

Leprieurii, G. et P. . 232

ovata, Car. . . .232
Brucea 309

antidysenterica, Mill. 309

ferruginea, L'Her

guineensis, Don

macrophylla, Oliv

paniculata. Lam.
Buettneria . .

africana, Mast.

BURSERACE^

Byrsocarpus . .
coccineus, Sch. et
maximus, Bak.
orieiitalis, Bak.
ovatifolios, Bak.
parvifolius, PI

310
. 310
. 310
. 310
. 239
. 239
. 322
. 451
Th. 452
. 453
. 452
.-452
. 452

puniceusy Sch. et Th. 452

Oliv.

Cadaba . . .

farinosa, Forsk.

glandulosa, Forsk.

Kirkii, Oliv. .

longifolia, DC.

rotundifolia, Forsk.
Calypso erecta, Don

pyri/ormis, Don
Calysaccion .
Campylostemon .

angolense, TFeltc
Canariura . . .

edule, Hook. f.

macrophyllum,
Capparidace^ .
Capparis . . ,

cegyptia, Lara.

c^zelia, DC. .

aphylla, Roth .

Brassii, DC. .

cartilaginea^ Decne.

chrysomeja, Boj.

corymbosa, Lam.

erythrocarpa, Isert.

fascicularis, DC. .

galeata, Fres. .

grandiSy Linn. f.

heteroclitay Roxb

Kirkii, Oliv. .

linearifolia. Hook

micrantha, Rich

persicafoliay Rich

polymorpha, Rich

89

89

90

90

89

377

374

169

365

366

327

327

327

73

94

95

98

95

97

96

97

96

98

97

95

96

85

98

97

98

96

96

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

407

Page

puberula, DC. . . 96

refleia, Sch. et Thon. 98

rosea, Oliv. ... 99

Rothii, Oliv. ... 97

Roxburghii, DC. . . 96

sepiaritty Linn. . . 97

Sodada, Br. ... 96

spinosa, Linn. . . 95

Thonningii, Schum. . 97

tomentosa, Lam. . . 96

viminea, H&.f. et T. 97

Capsella 68

Bursa- pastoris, DC. . 68

Caraipa 171

africana, Oliv.

Carapa

guineensis^ Don .
guyanensis, Aubl.
molucceusis, Lam.

172
336
337
336
337

Touloucouna,G.et'P. 337

Cardamine .... 60
africana, Linn. . . 60
hirsuta, Li7in. ... 61
obliqua^ Hochst. . . 60
pratensis, Linn. . . 60
pusilla, Hochst. . . 64
simensis, Hochst. . . 61
trichocarpa, Hochst. . 60

Cardiospermum . . .417
acuminatum, Miq. . 418
barbicaule, Bak. . .418
canescens, Wall. . .418
clematidie'um. Rich. . 418
glabrum', Sch. et Th. 418
grandiflorum, Sw. . 419
Halicacabum, Linn. . 417
Salicacabum, Webb 418
hirsutum, Sch. et Th. 418
microcarpum, H.B.K. 418
microspermum, E. M. 418
molle, H. B. K. . .418
molle, Hochst. . . 418
oblongum^ Rich. . . 418
truncatum, Rich. . 418

Cardiostegia Kotschyi,

Presl 230

Carpodiptera . . . .241
africana, Mast. . . 241
cubensis, Gris. . .242

Carpolobia . . . .135
Afzeliana, Oliv. . . 136
alba, Lon .... 135
dubia, Don . . .136
lutea, Don^ . . .136
versicolor, Don . .136
Carrichtera . . . . 67

Caryophyllacb* . .137

Pace
Cassine «M/opi(;a,Thunb.365

Catha 364

decolor, Webb . .302
edulis, Forsk. . . .365
europcea, Boiss. . . 362
Forskahi, Rich. . .365
senegalensia, Webb . 362
spinosa, Forsk. . . 363

Caylusea 102

abvssinica, F. et M. . 103

canescens, *S7. Hil. . 102

Ceanotkusguineensis.BC.S'il

Celastbace^e . . . 359

Celastrus 300

andongensis, Oliv. . 361
arbutifolius, Hochst. . 303
Atkaio, Rich. . . .363
buxif alius, Linn. . . 363
coriaceus, G. et P. .362
decolor, Del. . . .362
diffusus, Don . . .379
edulis, Hochst. . . 362
edulis, Vahl . . .305
euonymoides, Welw. . 302
europceus, Boiss. . .362
glaucus, Br. . . . 362
gracilipes, Welw. . 361
huillensis, Welw. . . 364
lancifolius, Sch. et T. 364
laurifolius. Rich. . . 364
luteolus, D^/. . . .363
macrophyllus, Welw. 364
montanus, Roxb. . .362
mossambicensis, Kl. . 362
multiflorus, Lara. . 364
obovatus, Hochst. . 302
obscurus. Rich. . .362
parviflorus, F. et G. . 363
phgllacanthus,L'l\er. 302
pgr/folia, Hb. Fraiiq. 362
rubra, Gen. . . .363
Schimperi, Hochst. . 362
sencgalensis, Lam. . 361
serratus, Hochst. . 362
serrulatus, Br. . . 362
sinuato-dentatus,

Hochst 363

Ceranthera dentata,

Beauv 110

subintegrifolia, Beauv. 109

Cerastium 140

africanum, Oliv. . . 141
octandrum, Hochst. . 141
Simense, Hochst. . .HI
vulgatum, Linn. . .140

ChaiUetia 339

ajinis, PI 341

cymuloM, Oltc. . . 3i0
erecta, Don . . .341
flexuota, Oliv. . . 340
floribnnda, PI. . . 340
Heudelolii, Pi. . . 3U
hihpida, 0/ir. . . . 348
mrvcrophylla, OUv. . 343
nioshaiubiccn»ii, Kl. . 342
oblon^fa, Hook.f. . 342
pallida, Oliv. . . . 3rJ
refltxa, A7. . . .343
rufipilis, Turci. . . 842
siibnuriculata, Olic. . 3-4-4
Bubcordata, Hook.f. 34 1
Thonisoni, Oliv. . . 342
toiicai-ia, Don . . 34l

Chaii.letiace:E . . 83S

Chasmanthera ... 40
depcndena, Hochst. . 41
nervosa, Miert 4 1

Chilocalyx 75

macrophyllus, Kl. 81

tenuifolius, Kl. . 81

Chlanis 114

macrophylla, K\. . . 116
tettensis, Oliv. . .116

Christiana 241

africana, DC. . . .241
cordtfolia. Hook. f. . 241

Chrysopia 1 04

Chvtranthus .... 429
^Uuu\lHook.f.. . 430

Citnfugosia .... 208
digitate, Cav. ... 209

Cissarapelos .... 45
aristolochiiffolia, Kll. 46
comata, Miers . 46

hirta, Kl 46

hirla, Miers ... 46
iasolita, Miers . . 46
macrostachya, Kl. 46

mucronata, Rich. . 46
nymphecpfolius, Br. . 47
ourariensis, Beauv. . 46
Parcira, Linn. 46

smensts, Kl. . . . 46
torulosa, E. Mty. 46

J'oge/it, .Miers 46

tairensis, .Miera . . 46

Cistus admantha. Rich. 408
adenocaulu, St<ud. . 405
arguta. Hook. f. . . 392
bifida, Sch. rt Thonn. 399
bigrmina, Har%'. . . 404
bororenju, Kl. .411

casta, Afzcl. . . . 396
cirrhcta, Per*. . .410
2 H 2

468

INDEX OP GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
cuneifolia, E. et Z. . 402
Currori, Hook. f. .401
cymosa, Sch. et Th. . 407
cyphopetala, Fres. . 407
denticulata, Turcz. . 389
Figariana, Webb . 415
glaucophylla, Hk. f. . 392
ipomaifolia, Webb . 895
juncea, Webb . . . 401
macropus, Welw. . 405
membranacea, Hk. f. 404
mollis. Stead. . . . 413
paucidentata, Kl. . 410
petiolata. Rich. . .393
populnea, G. et P. .393
quinata, Ait. . . .410
rvfescens, G. et P. .397
Schimperi, Hochst. . 411
serpens, Hochst. . .412
subdiaphana, Steud. . 404
tenuicaulis, Hook. f. 404
tetraptera, Hook. f. . 399
triandra, Sch. et Th. 399
Vogelii, Hook. f. .409"

Clappertonia ficifolia,2)<?/.260

Clathrospermum ... 24
Mannii, Oliv. ... 25
Vogelii, PI 25

Clausena 307

anisata, Oliv. . . , 308
ineequalis, £tA. . .307

Cleistochlamys ... 24
Kirliii, Oliv. . . . 24

Clematis 4

chlorantha, Lindl. . 7
chrysocarpa, Welw. . 5
glaucescens, Fres. . 6
grandiflora, DC. . . 7
grata, Wall. ... 7
hirsuta, G. et P. . . 6
inciso-dentata. Rich. 7
Kirkii, Oliv. ... 5
longicauda, Steud. . 7
Petersiana, Kl. . . 7
simensis, Fres. . . 6
Stanleyi, Honk. . . 6
Thunbergii, ISfeud. . 6
viridiflora, Bert. . . 7
Zanzibar ensis, Boj. . 8

Cleome 74

acuta^ Sch. et Thon. 82
angustifolia, Rich. .' 78
arabica, Liu)/. . , . - 77
Bororensis, Oliv. . 81
brachycarpa, Vahl . 77
chilocalyx, Oliv. . . 81
chrysantha, Becaisne 77

Page
ciliata,(Sc?^«»2.<?^ Thonn. 78
cor data, Burch. . . 76
diandra, Burch. . . 79
didynama, Hochst. . 79
diversi/olia,lichst.eiSt. 78
droseri folia, Delile . 77
Ehrenbergiana, Schvv. 76
foliosa, Hook.f. . . 80
guineensis. Hook, f . . 78
birta, Oliv. ... 81
Iberidelia, Welw. . 79
monophylla, Linn. . 76
papillosa, Steud. . . 76
paradoxa, Br. ... 78
farviflora, R. Br. .78
Radula, Fenzl . . 76
ramosissima. Pari. . 81
Roridula, R. Br. . . 77
siliquaria, R. Br. . 77
spiuosa, Linn. . . 78
strigosa, Oliv. ... 80
■subcordata, Steud. . 76
tenella, Linn.f. . . 78
tfinervia, Fresen. . 76
Vahliana, Fresen. . 78
venusta, Fenzl . .78
viscosa, Linn. ... 80

Clypea abyssinica,!). etR. 41

Cnestis 460

corniculaia, Benth. . 460
corniculata, Lam. . 461
ferrugioea, DC. . .46.1
fralerna, PI. . . .462
grisea, Baker . . .461
macrantha, Baill. . 462
obliqua, Beauv. . . 444
oblongifolia, Baker . 462
piyinata, Beauv. . .455
racemosa, Don . . 463
trifolia, Lam. . . 454

Cocculus 44

Bakis, Rich. ... 43
ellipticus, DC. . . 45
Leseba, DC. . . . 44
macranthus, Hk. f. . 42
palmatus, DC. . . 42
palmatus. Hook. . . 43
villosus, DC. . . . 45

Cochlospermum . . .112
angolense, Welw. . 113
Gillivrai, Benth. .113
niloticum, Oliv. . .113
Planchoni, Hook, f . . 113
tinctorium, Rich. . 113

C(BloGlineacutiflora,k.J)C^2
? oxypetala, A. DC. . 31
parviflora, A. DC. . 31

Page
poly car pa, A. DC. . 32

Cola 220

acuminata, Br. . . 220
Afzelii, ilfaj/. . , 223
argentea, Mast. . . 224
cauliflora, Mast. . . 221
clavata, Mast. . . 222
digitata, ifcTfl*/. . . 224
ficifolia, Mast. . . 223
gabonensis, Mast. . 221
heterophyUa, Mast. . 223
laurifolia, Mast. . . 221
quinqueloba, Gaxcke . 219
quinqueloba, Garcke 224
Vogelii, PI. . . . 221

Colubrina 383

asiatica, Brongn. . . 383

CONNARACEiE . . .451

Connarus 456

africanus, Lam. . .457
PDuparquetianus, 5fle7/.45 7
floribundus, Sch. et T. 457
Griffonianus, Baill. . 458
Mannii, Bak. . . .459
pinnatus. Lam. . .453
pubescens, Bak. . i^ 458
santaloides, V. . .455
Smeathmanni, DC. . 458
Thomsoni, Bak. . . 458

Corchorus . . . .261
acutaiigulus, Lam. . 264
alatus, Don . . . 264
angustifolia, S. et T. 264
Antichorus, Rceusch. 263
brachycarpus, G.et P. 263
fascicularis, DC. . . 263
fruticulosus. Vis. . . 262
hirsutus, Linn. . . 264
lanceolatus, Don . . -262
longicarpus, Don . . 262
longipedunculatus,iJfj^. 26 2
mierophyllus, Fresen. 263
rauricatus, Hochst. . 263
muricatus, S. et T. . 264
olitorius, Linn. . . 262
poly g onus, S. et T. . 264
procumbens, Bojer . 264
quinqtienervis,13^ochst. 263
serrafolius, DC. . . 262
sidoides, F. Muell. . 265
tridens, Linn. . . . 204
triflorus, Bojer . .262
trilocularis, Linn. . 262
urticifolius, W. et A. 263

Cotyliscus mloticus^f&s. 70

Coula 351

edulis, Baill. . . .351

INDEX OP GENERA AND SPECIES.

460

Page

Courbonia 87

deciimbens, j9ro«^«. . 88
virgata, Brongn. . . 88
Courtenia Afzelii, Br. . 224
heterophylla, Br. . 223
triloha, Br. . . . 223

Crambe 71

hispanica, Linn. . . 71
juncea, Hochst. . . 71
sinuato-dentata,iyocAj<. 71

Cratseva 99

Adansonii, DC. . . 99
ffuineensis,Sch.eiTho[iu.9d

lata, DC 99

religiosa, Forsi. . . 99

Eoxburghii, Br. . . 100

Crucifee^ .... 55

Cupania 425

eduHs, Schum. et Th. 426
ferruginea, Baker . 425

Dasylepis 123

racemosa, Oliv. . .123

Becastemon hirtM, KI. 81
zanzibaricus, Kl. . . 80

DeinboUia 431

cuneifolia, Baker . 432
grandifolia. Hook. f. 432
insignis, J?bo^./. . 431
laurifolia, Baker . .432
pinnata, Sch. et Th. . 432

Delphiaium .... 11
dasycaulon, Fresen. . 11

DesTriostachys. . . . 353
nitidus, PI. . . . 354
Plaiichoniauus, Miers 354
teuuifolius, Oliv. . .353

Desplatzia 266

subericarpa, Bocq. . 266

Dianthera abyssinica,

Schweinf. ... 79
Burchelliana, Kl. . 79
grandiflora, Kl. . . 78
Petersianu, KJ. . . 79

Diantbus 138

abgssinicus, R. Br. . 138
leptoloma, Steud. . 138
longiglumis, Delile . 138

Dictyocarpus truncatus^

Wight .... 180

DlLLENIACE^ ... 11

Diplotaxis . t . . . M^
erucoides, DC. . . 67

DiPTEROCARPEiE . . 172

Dipterygium . . . . 72

glaucam, Decaisne . 73

Dodonsea 433

P&ffe
arabioa, H. et S. . . 433
Kohautiana, Schl. . 483
repanda, Sch. et Th. 433
viscosa, Linn. . . . 433

Dombeya 226

angu/ata, Cav. . . 228
Bruceana, Eich.- . . 229
Burgcssiee, Gerr. . . 228
Kirkii, Mast. . . .227
Mastersii, Hook. . . 228
multiflorI^ Planch. . 227
reticulata, Mast. . . 228
Schimperiana, Rich. . 229
senegalensis. Planch. 227
spcctabilis, Bojer . . 22?
tomentosa, Cav. . . 228

Drymaria 143

cordata, Willd. . .143

Duboscia 265

macrocarpa, Bocq. . 266

Dumreichera .... 194

Dupuisia juglandifolia,

Rich 440

hngifoliay Hook. f. . 442

Ekebergia 332

Meyeri, Presl . . .333
Petitiana, Rich. . . 333
Rvippeliana, Rich. . 333
senegaleusis, A. Jusa. 333 '

ElsBodendron ..... 365 j
sethiopicum, OUt. . 365
Burkeannm, Sond. . 365

ELATlNEiB . . . . 151 I

Eoautia 17 |

chlorantha, Oliv. . . 18

Enarthrocarpus . . . 71 !
lyratus, Z)C?. ... 72
pterocarpus, BC . . 72

Endodesmia . . . .157
calophylloides, Benth. 157

Eriocoelum .... 427
pauiculatum, Baker . 428
racemosura, Baker . 427

Eriodcudroa . . . .213
anfractuosura, DC. . 214

Erioglossum .... 420
caulifloruni, G. et P. 420

Erodium 292

cicntarium, LlUr. . 292
malapoides, Willd. . 292
nioschatuiii, Wdld. . 292

Eruca 67

sativa, Lam. ... 67

Erucastrum arabicum,

F. et M. ... 66

Erythroxylon . . • .273

Caffntm, Sond. . . 274
emanoaatum, Sekum.

et Tkonn. . . .274
Mannii, Oliv. . . . 274

Euadenia yo

? Kirkii, Oliv. ... 91
trifoliolaU, Oltv. . . 01

Fagara zanthoTyhidfi^

Imh 80S

Fagonia 2M

arabica, Linn. . . 287
armata^ Br. . . . 287
cretica, Limm. . . . 2«7
glutinota, Drlile . . 287
Kahirana, Boiia. . 287
latifolut, Iklile . . 287
parvijlora, IJoiu. . . 287
thebaica, Bo\M. . . 287

Farsotia 61

aegyptiaca, Tmrr. . . 68
Boivini, Foum. . 62

grandiflora, Foum. . 62
longi&iliqua, Dfcaiine 62
ramosissima, Hochst. 68
stenoptera, Ilockit. . 62
stenoptera, Hohcn. . 62
.'' stylosa, Br. ... 63

Flabellaria . . . .282
paniculata, Cav. . . 2^2

Flacourtia . . . .120
edulis, Sch. et Th. .121
flavescens, Wtlld. .121
gambecola. Clog . .121
hirtiuscula, Oliv. . .121
obttua, Hochst. . . 1 ?2
Ramontchi, VHir. . 120

Frankenia 1S6

pulverulenta, Linn. . 1S6

Frankeniacejb . . 136

Fugoiia 208

digitata, Pers. . . 209

Fumaria 65

oQlcinalis, Linn. . . 5S
parvijlora^ Lam. . . 55

Garcinia 164

Barteri, Olir. . . .166
huillen«i», fTelte. . .167
I.ivinjT'tonci, T. And. 165
Mannii, Oliv. . . .167
ovalifolia, Oltr. . .166
I>olyaniha, Oliv. . .166
punctata, Oltv. . .167
Smeatbmanni, Oliv. . 168

Qeniottephanuj tomfn-

tosus, Kenil . . 835

Gr.RANiACK-E . . .289

470

INDEX OF GENERA. AND SPECIES.

Page

Geranium 290

aculeolatum, Oliv. . 291
compar, Br. . . .291
gmirnense,lli\s. etBoj. 221
favosum, JSochst. . . 291
frigidum,Yi.oc\i&i. . 291
latistipulatum, Hchst. 291
simense, Hochst. . .291

Qlycosmis afncana,Ilk.f. 808

Glyphsea 267

grewioides, Rook, f, . 267
lateriflora, Don . . 267
Monteiroi, Hook. f. . 267
tomentosa, Mast. . 267

Gomphia . . . . . 319
affinis, Hook. f. . .320
axillaris, Oliv. . . 322
calophylla, ffook.f. . 320
congesta, Oliv. . . 322
dejaendens, DC. \ -^ 822
elongata, Oliv. . .321
fava, Sch. et Tb. . 321
glaberrima, Beauv. . 322
macrophylla, Hook. f. 321
macrophylla, Oliv. . 321
micrantha^ Hook. f. . 321
reticulata,P. deBeauv.^20
Schoenleiniana, Kl. .321
Turnerce, Hook. f. . 321
Vogelii, Hook.f. . .321

Gossypium .... 210
anomalum, W. et P. 211
arboreum, Linn'. . .211
Barbadense, Linn. . 210
herbaceum, Linn. . 211
hirsutum, Linn. . .212
peruvianum, DC. . 21 1
prostratum, Sch.et Th. 212
puherulum, Kl. . .212
punctatum, G. et P. . 212
punctatum, Sch. et Th. 211
senarense, Fenzl . .211
vitifolium, Lam. . .211

Gouania 383

domingensis^ DC. . 384
leptostachys, DC. . 884
longipetala, Hemsl. . 383

Grandidiera . . . .119
Boivini, Jaub. . .119

Grewia 242

africana, Hook.f. . 253
africana, Mill. . . 248
angoleusis, Welw. . ft^i
asiatica, Linn. . ^ 248
betulifolia, Juss, . . 246
bicolor, Juss. . . . 248
biloba, Don . . .247

Page
Caffra, Meisn, ^ . 244
cana, Sond. . . . 250
carpinifolia, Jtisa. . 247
carpinifolia, Roxb. . 251
cinerea, Rich. . . . 248
colnmnaris, Sm. . . 243
coriacea. Mast. . .252
corylifolia, G. et P. . 249
crenata, Hochst. . . 246
cyclopetala, W. et P. 248
discolor, Freseo. . . 248
echinulata, Delile . 249
ferruginea, Hochst. . 2§1

flava, DC 250

floribunda, Jlfai'^. . . 252
Forbesii, Harv. . . 250
glandulosa, Vahl . . . 246
guazumifolia, Juss. . 245
insequilatera, Garcke 245
laevigata, Vahl . .245
lepidopetala, Garcke 245
malacocarpa, Mast. . 253
megalocarpa, Beauv. 245
membranacea. Rich. . 246
micrautha, Bqj. . . 244
mollis, Juss. . . . 248
multiflora, Juss. . .245
nana, Wall. . .^ . 249
occidentalis, Linn. . 246
pallida, Hochst. . .248
parvifolia, Hochst. . 251
pilosa, Lam. . . .250
pinnatifida, Mast. . 253
populifolia, Vahl. . 246
pubescens, Beauv. .250
reticulata, Hochst. . 246
ribesicpfolia^ Hochst. 246
Itothii, DC. . . .248
salvifolia, Heyne . . 247
scabrida, WaU. . .251
sepiaria, Roxb, . . 245
sulcata, Mast. . .252
tembensis, Fresen. . 247
tetragastris, Br. . .252
tilisefolia, Vahl . . 249
trichocarpa, Hochst. . 247
truncata, Mast. . . 244
nlmifolia, Boj. . . 247
veuusta, Fresen. . . 249
villosa, TFilld. . .249
Groutia celtidifolia,

Guill. et Perr. . .352
Guatteria KorintifDnn. 26
lucida, Boj. ... 21
GUTTIFEE^ .... 162
Gymnosporia . . . .360
Gyuandropsis . . . . 81

Page

denticulata, DC. . . 82
■ pentaphylla, DC. . .82

Habzelia <Bthiopica,A.DC.ZO

Heematostaphis . . . 443
Barteri, Hook.f. . . 443

Hanuoa . . . . .308
undulata, Fl. . . . 309

Haplophytum tubercu-
latum, Juss. . . 804

Haronga 159

m adagascariensis, Chois. 160

Harrisonia . . . .311
abyssinica, Oliv. . .311

Heeria abyssinica, yi&\%Vi.4i'i']

Heisteria 345

parvifolia, Sm,. . . 846

Helinus . . . . .384
mystacinus, Hemsl. . 385
ovatus, E. Mey. . .384
scandens. Rich. . . 385

Heliophila .... 65

Hemprichia . . . .328
erythrcea, Ehrenb. . 328

Henophyton . . . . 67

Heptaca 114

Heritiera . . . . .225
littoralis. Dry. . . 225

Hermannia .... 232
filipes, Harv. . . .232
Kirkii, Mast. . . .238
modesta, PL . . .232
Quariiniana, Rich. . 234
tigrensis, Hochst. . 233

Heteropterys .... 276
africana, Juss. . . 276
Jussieui, Hook. f. . 277
macroptera, Reichb. . 277
Smeathmanni, DC.' . 278

Heudelotia africana, ^c]i.^2h

Hexalobus .... 26
grandiflorus, Benth. '. 27
senegalensis, A. DC. 27

Hibiscus 194

Abelmoschus, Linn. . 207
aculeatus, Don 201, 204
amblyocarpus, Hchst. 198
aristavalvis, Garcke 198
articulatus, Hochst. . 200
ascendens, Don . . 200
asper, Hook. f. . . 204
berberidifolius, Rich. 198
brevipes, Garcke . . 205
ccBsius, Garcke . . 200
calycinus, Willd. . . 202
calycosui. Rich. . . 203
cannabinus, Liyin. . 204

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

471

Page
tlandestimuy Cav, . 206
congener, Sch. et Th, 204
cordatus, Hochst. . 200
corymbosus, Hochst. 199
crassiuervis, Hochst. 205
dictyocai-pus, Webb . 196
diversifolius, y^'Cj^. . 198
dotigolensis, Delile . 202
Lonii, Walp. . . .236
ebracteatus, Mast. . 206
Endlicheri,\y-A^. . 236
erianlhus, R. Br. . 205
eriospefmus, Hochst. 205
esculeutus, Linn. . . 20?
ferruginosus, LC. . 210
furcatus, Jioxb. . .201
/uscus, Garcke . . 205
grandifoiius, Hochst. 203
Grantii, Mast. . . 203
gossypimis, Thunb. . 205
guineensis, DC. . . 207
guineensis, Don . . 202
heterotrichus, E. M. 200
flirt us, Linn. . . . 206
intermedins, Hoclist. 206
intermedins, Rich. . 198
jatrophafolius. Rich. 197
Kirkii, Mast. . . .199
Lampas, Cav. . . .210
lepidospermus, Mast. 197
Ludwigii, E. et Z. . 203
lunariifolius, Wall. . 202
macranthus, Hochst. 202
micranthus, Liyin. . 205
modaticvs, Hochst. . 197
Muhatncdis, Webb . 208
tnultistipul at us, Gdivck. 203
obscurus, Rich. . .197
obtusatus, Sch.et Th. 204
obtusilobus, Garcke . 197
cenotheroides, Webb . 200
ovatis, Cav. . . . 208
owariensis, Beauv. . 203
panduriforrais, Burm. 203
parvifolius, Hochst. . 206
pcntaphy 11us,jP.3/«^//. 1 98
phceniceus, Willd. . 206
physaloides, G. et P. 199
platycalyx, Mast. . . 202
populne/i.s, Linn. . . 209
quiuquclobns, Don . 208
radia'ds, Cav. . . 204
rhabdotospernius, 6^/^^.200
ribesicefolius, G. et P. 200
rigidus, Linn. f. . . 200
rostellatus, G. et P. . 201
Sabdariffa, Linn. . . 204

senegalensis, Cav. . 192
senegalensis, G. et P. 203
Solandra, L'Her. . 206
strigosus, S. et T. . 197
subiritobatus, Hochst. 203
Surattensis, Lnin. . 201
ternatus, Mast. . . 206
ternijlorus, ii&rckc . 194
tiliaceiis, Li/in. . . 207
Trionuni, Linn. . . 196
triunifftto'folius, Sch.

etThuiin. . . .203
tubulosus, Cav. . . 203
variabilis, Garcke . 2U0
verrucosus, G. et V. . 204
versicolor, S. et T. . 206
vesicarius, Linn. . .196
vitifolius, Linn. . ,197

Hippocratea .... 366
andottjicnsis, We/to. . 371
apiculata, Welw. . . 369
apocyiioides, Welw. . 368
graciliflora, Jf'elw. . 371
indica, WUId. . . 368
Kirkii, Oliv. . . .370
longipes, Oliv. . . 867
longipeliolata, Oliv. . 372
macrophylla, f-'aht . 371
malpighifolia, Rudge 371
niyriantha, Oliv. . . 369
obtusifolia, Roj-b. . 369
pallens, P/^«r^. . . 367
paniculata, Vahl . .371
parvifoJia, Oliv. . . 368
Richardiana, Cainb. . 370
roluvdifolia, Hk. f. . 371
Schiuiperiana, H.et S. 370
vcliitina, Afzelius . S'JO
Welwitschii, Ol>v. . 367

Hircea odorata, Willd. . 280
pinnata, W illd. . . 282

Hitzcria 450

cdulis, Kl 450

Holopeira torrida, Miers 45

Honckcnya . .
tici folia, Willd.

I? I

260
260

Hugonia 270

Afzdii, Br. . . . 270
aiigolcnsis, Welx. . 271
foliosa, Oliv. . . .271
macrophvlla, Oliv. . 271
Plaiiclioili, Houk.f.. 212
plalyst'pala, Welte. . 212
spicala, Oliv. . . . 270
Hi;miria( E;*: . . . 275
Hgdropeltis purpurea,

Mich 5J

HTPKRICINE;£ . . . 1S4
HyiKTicuuj . . . . 1&4
ajffinr, Slrud. . .15^

angusttfultum, \jkm. 158
atomanum, lioiM. . 155
rliivsoBticliim, Webb 157
fa-tuium, Hk. f. flT. )5fl
giiidiicfoliutn, Hick. . 157
gractle, lioiM. . . 1 ^5
gum feme. Lino. . . Ifll
intennedium, Steud. 166
Lalaudii, Chin*. . .166
lancetilutum, Lam. . 166
lanugirioHum, Lam. . 1&6
IfNCojitgchod^t, Slrod. 166
ynysorenae, W. tt Am. 157
peplidifolium, Rich. . 155
Uuarlinianum, Htck. 150
Rcepertanuin, Schirnp. 156
8fhiniperi, Hochtt. . 166
Hgpserpa funifrra, Mien 44

Icacina d56

inacrocarpa, OUv. . 857
Mannii. Ottv. . . .857
senegaleusis, A. Juti. 357
trichantha, Oliv. . . 858

Ileocarpuj Schimperi,

Miers .... 47

Ilex 359

capensis, Sond. ^-/Trr. 859

Ii.ici.nea; 859

Impatiens 298

abvssinica, Hook. f. . 802
bicolor, Hook.f. . . 299
biicciiialis, Hoi,k.f. . 299
Burto.ii, Hook.f. . 299
capen.sis, Thunb. . . 800
fihcornu, Hoot. f. . 802
flagellifera, Hochit. . 302
hians, Hook.f. . . 801
Irvingii. Hook.f. . 800
Kirkii. Hook.f . . 800
Mackeyaiia, Hook.f 299
macrantha. HochM. . 808
niacroptcrn, Hook.f. 801
Miinnii. Hoi^k.f . . 800
pnlpebrala, Hook.f . 801
Koihii, Hook.f. . . 802
Sakerinna, Hook.f. . 301
tinctoria, Rick. . . 802
Walliriana, Hook.f 802

lodes 85H

africann, H'eltc. . . 85S

louidiuin H'j

rnneaspcnnum, />■/. 105
'irlHtn. Kl .. . . l<»fi

472

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

rhabdospermum,
Hochst. . .

Page
. 106

thesiifolium, DC.

Irvingia ....

Barteri, ffooLf. .

. 106
. 313
. 314

Smithii, Eook.f.

. 314

Jateorhiza ....

. 41

Colnmba, Miers .

. 42

Miersii, Oliv. . .

. 42

palmata, Miers .
strigosa, Miers .

. 43

. 42

Kallstrcemia minora H.f. 284
Khaya 337

senegalensis, Jnss. . 338
Kirkia 310

acuminata, Oliv. . .311
Kleinhovia .... 225

Hospita, Linn, . .226
Kosteletzkya .... 193

adoensis, Hochst. . 194

Lagunaa lobata, Willd. 20?
iernata, Wilid. . . 206

Lancretia suffruticosa,

Delile . . . .154

Lannea acida. Rich. . 446
velufina, Rich. . . 447

Lannaeoma .... 450
velutina, JDelile . • 450

Lasianthera .... 353
africaaa, Beauv. . .353

Lasiodiscus . . . .385
Manni, Eook.f. . .385

Lebretonia acuminata.

Rich 190

cor data, Hochst. . .190
crenata,lloc\i%i. . .190
procumbensy W. & A. 1 90

Lecaniodiscus . . . 428
cupanioides, Planch. 429
fraxinifolia, Baker . 429

Leea 415

guineensis, Don ' . .415
sambucina, Willd. . 415
tiactoria, Lindl. . .416

Lepidium 68

abyssinicum, Hochst. 69
alpigenum, Rich, . . 69
Armoracia, Fisch. et

Mey 69

intermedium. Rich. . 69
ruderale, Linn. . . 69
sativum, Linn. . . 69

Lcptaulus 354

daphnoides, Bentk. . 354

Page

Leptonychia .... 238

lanceolata, Mast. . .239

urophylla, Welw. . 238

Livionia monadelphay

Schum. et Thonn. . 336

LiNE/E 268

Linum • . 269

abyssinicum, Hochst. 269.
corymbulos^um,^icb}). 269
gallicum, Linn. . . 269
strictum, Linn. . . 269
usitatissimum, Linn. 269
Lonchophora . . . . 61

Lophira 173

alata, Banks . . .174
simpler, Don . . .174
Lophostylis angustifo-

lia, Hochst. . .134
oblongifolia, Hochst. 134
pallida, Kl. . . .134

Ludia ...... 119

sessiliflora, Lam. . .120
Lundia monacaniha^

Schum. et Thonn. 115

Mscrua 83

acuminata, Oliv. . . 85
fethiopica, Oliv. . . 85
angolensis, DC. . . 86
angustifolia. Rich. . 85
arenaria, Hk. f. et Th. 85
crassifolia, Fenzl . 87
crassifolia, Vahl . . 87
Cm-von, Eook.f.. . 87
floribunda, Fenzl . 86
Grantii, Oliv. ... 84
lucida, Hochst. . . 86
nervosa, Oliv. ... 84
oblongifolia, Rich. . 85
retusa, Hochst. . . 86

rigida, Br 86

senegalensis, Br. . . 86
triphylla, Bich. . . 84
uniflora. Fa hi . .86

Mafureira <?/^i/(?m,Bert.335

Mahemia . . . . , 234
abyssinica, Eochst. . 234
exappendiculata,^fl!«^. 234

Malachra 188

capitata, Linn. . . 188
hispida, Guill. et Perr. 188
radiatd, lAnn. . . .188

Malpighia alternifolia,

Schum. et Thonn. . 278

Malpighiace^ . . . 276

Malva 177

parviflora, Linn. . . m

Page

spicata, Linn. . . .178

tricuspidata. Ait. . 178

verticillata, Linn. . 1 77

Malvace^ .... 175

Malvastrum . . . .377

cor omande linum, Gar. 178

spicatum, J. Gr. . .178

tricuspidatum, A. Gr. 178

Mammea africana, Don 169

americana .... 169

Mangifera 442

africana, Oliv. . . 443
gabonensis, Lee. 314, 442
indica, Linn. . . . 4t4i2

Mannia 312

africana, Eook.f. .313

Manotes 459

expansa, Sol. . . .459
GrifiFoniana, Baill. . 460
longiflora, Baker . . 460
Palisoti, Planch. 455, 460

Matthiola 57

elliptica, Br. . . . 57

Mayna 114

dentata, Oliv. . .119
Melanosinapis abyssi-
nica. Herb. Petrop. 65

Melhania 229

abyssinica, Rich. . .231
acuminata, Mast. . 231
cyclophvlla, Eochst. . 230
Denhami, Br. . . . 230
ferruginea, Rich. . .231
Forbesii, Planch. . 231
Kotschyi, Hochst. . 230
Leprieurii, Webb . 232
oblongata, Hochst. . 232
rotundata, Hochst. . 230

Melia 332

angustifolia, S. et T. 332

Azedarach, Linn. . 332

Meliace^ .... 329

Melochia . . . . .235

corchori folia, Linn. . 236

melissifolia, Benth. . 236

pyramidata, Linn. . 236

Melodorvm africanum,

Benth 30

? poly car pum, Benth. 32
Menispermace^ . . 40
Menispermum Columba,

Roxb 42

Schimperi, Hochst. . 47
Mollia stellata, Willd. . 146

Monodora 37

angolensis, Welw. . 38
brevipea, Benth. . . 39

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

47S

Page
grandiflora^ Benth. . 88
Myristica, Dun. . . 37
stenopetala, Oliv. . 39
tenuifolia, Benth. . 38

Mousonia 289

angustifolia, E. Mey. 290
biflora, DC. . . . 290
mossamedensis, Welw. 290
ovata, Cav. . . . 290
senegalensis, G. et P. 290

Morettia 61

Philaeana, DC. . . 61
Mortcandia .... 67
MORINGACE^ . . .101

Moringa 101

aptera, Gcertn. . .101
pterygosperma, Gartn. 101
Moronobea . . . .164
Mystroxylon confertiflo-

rM?w,Tal. . . .365

Nasturtium . . . . 57

brachypus, TFebb . . 59

cryptanthum, Rich. . 58

humifusum, G. et P. 58

indicum, Linn. . . 58

madagascariense^ DC. 58

nitoticum, Boiss. . . 58

Natalia paullinioides,

Planch 435

Niebuhria .... 83

cBthiopica, Feuzl . . 85

arenaria, DC. . . 85

nervosa, Hochst. . . 84

oblongifolia^ DC. . 85

Nitraria 288

Schoberi, Linn. . . 288

senegalensis. Lam. . 288

sericea, Jaub. et Sp. 288

tridentata, Desf. . . 288

Notoceras 61

Nyraphsba 52

abbreviata, G. et P. . 52

capensis, Thunb. . . 53

carulea, Sav. ... 52

dentata, Sch. et Th. . 52

Devoniensis, Hook. . 52
guineensis, Sch. et Th. 52

Heudelotii, Planch. . 52

Lotus, Linn. . . . 52

maculata, Sch. et Th. 52

micrantha, G. et P. . 52

Petersiana, Kl. . . 53

rufescens, G. et P . 52

scutifolia, DC. . . 53

8teUata,m/!/</. . . 52

NYMPHiEACE^ ... 51

Ochna

Page
316

echinata, Oliv. . .

PNf

118

Afzetii, Br. . .

319

glauca, Hook./. . .

117

ardisioides, Webb

318

Kirkii, Oliv. . . .

116

cordata, Thw.

318

KniuMiina, Planfh.

117

dubia, GuiU. et Perr

317

lonhocarpa, O/ir.
Mannii, Oliv. .

lU

Kirkii, Ohv. . .

317

117

leptoclada, Oliv. .

818

monacantha, Sl«ud. .

lis

leucophlceos, llochst.

318

ovaliB, Oliv. . . .

118

macrocalyx, Oliv.

319

Petersiana, Oliv. . .

116

membranacca, Oliv.

316

Bpinoia, Fortk.

115

mossarabicensis, Kl.

317

Tettenaij, Oliv. . .

116

multiflora, DC. .

817

Wclwit*chij, Oliv. .

117

pulchra, Hook. .

317

Opilia

352

OCHNACEiE . . .

315

amcnlacfa, Roxb.

m

Ochradenus .

104

Cifltidifolux, Kndl.

852

baccatus, Bel. . .

104

javanica, .Miq.

852

Ochrocarpus .

169

Ornitropht magiea.

africanus, Oliv. .

169

Schum. et Thoou.

428

Ochthocosmus africa

thyrioidet, Sch. ct Th

.424

nus. Hook. f. .

273

tnstachgot, Sch. el Th. 42 1

Octolobus ....

. 219

Oudnrya ....

67

Odina

445

Oialis

295

acida, Rich. . .

446

abyssinica, Steud.

297

Barteri, Oliv. .

446

abytnnica, Turcz.

296

fraxinifolia, Fcnzl

446

anthtlmintica, Rirh.

296

fruticosa, Hochst.

446

caprina, Linn.

206

humilis, Oliv. . .

447

cernua, Thunb. . .

296

obovata, Hook.f.

447

con Vf Tula, J acq. . .

295

Oghigee, Hook. f.

446

corniculata, Iahh.

296

Schiraperi, Hochst.

445

glabella, E. Mey. .

296

velutina, Rich. .

447

obiiquifolia, Steud. .

295

Wodier, Roib. .

446

procumbens, St«ud. .

297

Olacine^ . . .

345

punctata, Linn. . .

295

Olax

348

radicosa, Rich. . .

297

dissitiflora, Oliv. .

350

serailoba, Sond.

296

garabecola, Baill.

349

scnsitiva, Unn. . .

297

Maanii, Oliv. . .

349

ttricta, Linn. . . .

297

subscorpioidea, Oliv.

850

Oiyraitra

32

triplinervia, Oliv.

849

gracilipcs, Benth.

8.5

viridis, Oliv. . .

349

hamata, Benth.

SS

Oligomeris . . .

163

myristicifolia, 0/ir.

83

dispersa, Muell. .

104

patens, Benth.

84

glaucescens, Camb.

104

platypetala, Benth.

88

aubulatay Webb .

104

Ozoroa tnjigmii, Del. .

487

Omphalobium africa-

nam, DC. . .

457

Pachylobui eduJit, Don

827

nervosum, Don .

454

PaivatuM

828

pentagynum, DC.

453

dactylophylla. Weltc.

828

Smeathmanni, DC.

458

Papavor

58

Thonningii, DC. .

458

dubium, Unn.

54

villosum, DC. .

454

Rhottij. Linn. . .

54

Ompbalocarpuiii . .

. 171

soninifrrntn, Unn.

54

procera, Beauv. .

171

Paiavkhai BJt . .

68

Oncoba ....

. 114

Paritium qumquelobmrn

f

aristata, Oliv.

. 118

Hook f. . . .

20A

brachyanthera, Oliv.

116

tterculuefoltumfi'^ 1

V2(»H

dentata, Oliv. . .

. 119

virgatum, (J. et P.

2U8

474

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
Paallinia 419

africana, Don . .419
pinnata, Linn. . .419
Senegal ensis,3M%?,. . 419
sphoerocarpa. Rich, . 420
uvata, Sch. et Th. . 419
Pavonia .' . . . .189
arabica, Hochst. . .193
clathrata, Mast. . .193
crenata, Hocbst. 179, 190
dictyocarpa, Hochst. 197
glechomsefolia, Rich. 190
grewioides, Hochst. . 191
hirsuta, G. et P. . .191
insignis, Fenzl . .191
Kotschyi, Hochst. . 192
macrophylla, E. Mey. 190
Meveri, Mast. . .191
mollis, E. Mey. . . 191
odorata, Willd. . .193
propinqua, Garcke . 191
Schirnperiana, Hochst. 192
tomentosa, Hochst. . 192
triloba, G. et P. . ,192
urens, Garcke . . .192
zeylanica, Cav. . .192
Pelargonium .... 293
abyssinicum, Br. . .223
alchemilloides, W. . 293
cortusee folium, VHer. 294
flabellifolium, Harv. . 294
glechomoides, Rich. . 294
multibracteatum,

Hochst 293

quinquelobatum,

Hochst 293

Penianthus .... 50

longifolius, Miers . 50

Fentacocca . . . .272

Leonensis, Turcz. . .273

Pentadesraa . . . .164

butyracea, Don . .164

Perichasma latijicata,

Miers .... 47

Petersia 95

rosea, Kl 99

Phyllocosmus . . .272
africanus, Kl. . . .273
sessiliflorus, Oliv. . 2173
Physanthemum glaucum,

Kl 88

Phytocrene . . . .359
Piptostigraa . . . . 18
glabrescens, Oliv. . 19
pilosum, Oliv. . . 18
PlTTOSPORE.ffi: . . .123
Piltosporum . . . .124

Page

abyssinicum, Del. . 124

Mannii, Hook.f. . .124

PldssleaJloribunda,^ndH..'d2i

Polanisia 74

dianthera,J)C . . 79
Maximiliana, W. et P. 80
orthocarpa, Hochst. . 80
strigosa, Boj. ... 80
viscosa, DC. . . . 80

Polyalthia 26

acuminata, Oliv. . . 26
Korinti, Dun. . . 26
Polycarpsea .... 144
corymbosa, Lam. . . 145
eriantha, Hochst. . 145
fallax, J. Gay . .145
fragilis, Belile . . 146
glabrifolia, DC. . .146
humifusa, J. Gay . .145
linearifolia, DC. . . 146
memphifica, Delile . 144
mozambica, K. et B. 144
stellata, DC. . . .145
tenuifolia, DC. . . 145
prostrata, Decaisne . 147
spicata, Am. . . . 146
staticceformis, H. et S. 146
Polycarpon . . . .144
Loettingii, Benth. et

Hook.f. . . .144

tetraphylliim, Linn.f. 144

Polychlcena ramosa^Dou 236

sim-plex, Don . . .236

Pulygala 125

abyssiuica, Fresen. . 130
acicularis, Oliv. . . 132
adoensis, Hochst. . 130
arenaria, Willd. . . 128
capillaris, E. Mey. . 131
couosperma, Boj. . . 133
Donii, Hook. f. . .127
erioptera, DC. . .129
Figariaua, Webb . .133
Gerardiana, Wall. . 130
Gomesiana, Welv). . 126
granulata, Hochst. . 129
gnineensis, Willd. . 132
hoUeniotta. Presl . 130
Huilleusis, Welxc . 133
hypericoldes, Webb . 129
irregularis, Boiss. . 131
lejdalea, DC. . . .130
i linearis, R. Br. . . 129
I Mannii, Oliv. . . .130
' micrantha, G. et P. . 131
I multiflora, Poir. . .127
rayrtillopsis, Welw. . 130

Page

nubica, Hochst. . . 129
nuta?is, Hook, f . . . . 128
obtusata, DC. . . . 129
obtiisissima, Hochst. 130
oligantha, Rich. . > 129
oligop//ylla,J)C. . . 130
paludosa, St. Hit. . 131
paniculata, Liun. . 131
persicarisefolia, DC. . 129
Petitiana, Rich. . . 133
punctulata, Hochst. . 129
Q^uartiniana, Rich. . 129
rarifolia, DC. . . . 132
retusa, Hochst. . .129
Seneusis, Kl. . . .129
sparsiflora, Oliv. . .127
sphenoptera, Fresen. 129
stenopetala, Kl. . . 133
stenophylla, Kl. . . 133
tenuicauiis, H'ook.f. 127
tenuifolia, Link . . 132
tetrasepala, Hochst. 133
triflora, Li>in. . . .128
Vahliava, DC. . .129
Wallichiana, Wt. . 129

POLYGALE^ .... 125

Popowia Kirkii, Benth. 24

Porlulaca 148

anceps. Rich. . . . 149
foliosa, Ker. . . .148

oleraceo, Linn. . . 148

prolifera, S. et T. . liS

quadrifida, Linn. . . 149

rediviva, W. et P. . 149

saxifragoides, Welw. 149

sedoides, Welw. . . 149

PORTLLACE.E . . . 147

Protium mossambicense,

Oliv 329

Psorospermum . . .158
Jfzelii, Turcz. . .159
alternifolium, Hk.f. 159
febrifugumj Spach . 158
ferrugineum, Hk. f . . 159
Leonense, Turcz. . .160
niloticum, Kotschy . 159
senegdlense, Spach . 158
tenuifolium, Hook.f. 159

Pteroloma arabicum,

Hochst. et Steud. . 73

Ptychopetalum . . . 347
anceps, Oliv. . . . 347
olacoides, Benth. . 347
petiolatum, Oliv. . , 347

Quassia 312

atricana, Baill. . .312

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

475

Page

Radiola 268

linoides, Gmel. . . 268
Millegrana, Sm. . . 268
Ranunuulacele . . 4
Ranunculus .... 8
aquatilis, Linn. . . 9
cuneilobuSySteni. . 11
dertropodius , Steud. . 10
distrias, Steud. . . 11
membranaceus^ Freaen. 10
oligocarpus, Hochst. . 10
oreophytus, Delile . 10
pinnatus, Poir. . . 9
Schimperianus, Hchst. 10
siraensis, Fresen. . . 10
stagnatis, Hochst. . 10
stenocarptis, Steud. . 10
striat-us, Hochst. . . 10
tembensis, Fresen. . 10
tenuirostris, Steud. . 10

Raphanus 73

sativus, DC. . . . 73

Reseda 103

abyssinica, Fresen. . 103
amblyocarpa, Fresen. 103
lurida'U\xt\\. . . 103
pedunculata^ Br. . . 103
pruinosa, Delile . .103
Resedace^e .... 102
Rhamneje .... 377

Rhamnus 381

infusionum, F. et G. 382
mystacinus. Ait. . . 385
paniculatuSy S. etT. 341
paucijlorus, Hochst. . 382
prinoides, L'Hir. . 382
spiciflorus, Rich. . . 382
Staddo, Rich. . . .382
Rhaphiostylis beninensis,

Plauch 355

Heudelotii, Planch. . 355
Rhaptopetalum . . .351
coriaceum, Oliv. . .351
Rheedia Smeathmanni,

PL et Tr. . . . 168
Rhigiocarya .... 47

Rhus 436

abyssinica, Hochst. . 438
crenulatum. Rich. . 437
foliosum. Rich. . . 439
glaucescens, Rich. . 437
glaucum^ Hochst. . 438
glutinosa, Hochst. . 438
Gueifizii, Sond. . . 437
insignis, Delile . . 437
Kirkii, Oliv. . . .439
Kotpchyana, Fcnzl . 437

monophylla, E. Mey. 424
mucrunifulta, Sond. . 437
Petttianum, Rich. . 438
pulchcrrima, Oliv. . 436
pyroides. Rich. . . 439 \
Quart inianum. Rich. 437
retinorrhoDa, Steud. . 438 I
undulaium. Rich. . 437 I
villosa, Linn. f. . .439
viminale, Rich. . . 438 i
viminalis, Vahl . . 438

Riedlcia corchorifolia,

DC 236

Ritchiea 100

erecta. Hook. f. . .101
fragrans, Br. . . .100
polypetala. Hook. f. . 10 1
simplicifolia, Oliv. . 100

Robbairea prottrata,

Boiss 147

Rochetia choensis, Del. 335

Roumea abyssinica, C\os 122

Rourea 455

Jfzclii, PI. ... 455
coccinea, Hook. f. . 452
heterophylla, Bale. . 456
myriantha, Baill. . 455
orientalis, Baill. . .452
sautaloides, W. ^' A. 455
Solanderi, Bak. . . 456

Ruta 303

graveolens, Lirin. . . 304
tuberciilata, Forsk. . 304

Rin-ACEiE 303

Sagina 142

abyssinica, Hochst. . 142
Saheria virgata, Fenzl 88

Salacia 372

affinis. Hook. f. . . 374
africana, DC. . . . 877
cerasifera, H'elw. . .376
chlorantha, Oliv. . . 375
cornifolia, Hook./. . 375
debilis, Jf'alp. . . 876
Ducis-Wurtembergise,

Hochst 877

elegans, Welw. . .373
elongata., Hook. f. . 375
erecta, Walp. . . .877
lucida, Oliv. . . 873

macrocarpa, Welie. . 373
Mannii, Oliv. . . . 876
oblongifolia, Oliv. . 374
pallescens, Oliv. . . 376
prinoides, DC. . . 375
pyriformis, Walp. . 374

rufc«c«n», Hook./.
»eurj^cn»ii, DC

Sapiiidua

abyitimieuJ, Krt»,

BrDcjmlrnsit, Foir.

timpltci/otiui, l)on

xanthucarpui, A7.
Sarcocaulon
SauvsfTfflia

erecta, Unn. .
Savignya .
Scapbu(>ctalum

Blorkii, Mojt .

lon^rijM^duucttialum,
Majt. . . .

Mannii, Mait
Sckitoralvx

377
874
416
430
430
430
440
431

111
. Ill
. 67
. 2SC

M7

. 287

. 287
329
420

. 421
422
421
425
422
424
421
424
423
424

Schmideiit

abytnnica, llucbtt. .
affinit, Quilt, et Prrr.
africana, DC. . .
Jllophyitu, DC. . .
alnifoha, Bak.
Dregeana, Sond. .
graudifolia, Bak. . .
hirteUa, Hook./ ,
magica, Bak. .
JUeyrri, Planch. .
monophylla, Hook. f. 424
Dionuphyll«, Prrtl . 424
oblongifolia, Bak. . 424
P reflexa, Bak. . . 425
repanda, Bak. . . 422
mbifolia, Hochst. . 423
senfgalensu, Reich b. 42 »
thyraoidca, Bak. . . 423

Schouwia, DC. ... 67
arabica, DC. ... 68

Sclerocarya .... 449
Birrca,' //or^//. . . 449
Caffri, Sond. . . .449

Snittif discolor, Kl. . 8M

Securidara . .134

/onbunda, Wriw. . 186
longiiK^unculata,/'r/*. 1^

WfUitschii, Oltr.
Seetzcnia, Br. . .

africana, Br. .

orimtalts, Drcoe.
Scnebicra . . . .

Corona jms. DC. .

didyma, I'm.

inlcgrifolia, DC. .

Uuoidrt, I»C. .

nilotica, DC . .
Srnm

185

287

287

288

70

71

71

70

71

70

194

476

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

Page

Page

arahicay Webb . .

194

SUene

138

lutea, Linn. . . .

448

incana, Cav. . . .

194

Biafrse, Hook.f. . .

139

microcarpa, Rich.

448

nubica^ Webb . . .

194

bipartita, Desf. . .

139

Oghigee, Don . 446,

448

Serrtea

194

Barchellii, Ottk. . .

139

Zanzee, Don . . .

^48

Sida

178

Chirensis, Rich. . .

139

Spondiodes pruriens.

acuminata, R. Br. 1 81

,185

clandestina, Jacq. .

139

Smeath

461

acuta^ Cav. . . .

180

flammulaefolia, Steud.

139

Stellaria

141

africana, Beauv. . .

181

imbricata, Desf. . .

139

Brauniana, Fenzl .

141

alba, Linn. . . .

181

Macrosolen,<S;^Mfi?. .

139

Mannii, Hook. f.

141

alnifolia, Linn. . .

181

Oliveriana, Otth.

139

media, Linn. .

141

althaifolia, Swr, . .

181

sericea. Rich. . . .

139

Stephania

46

asiatiea, G. et P.

185

sericea. All. . .

139

abyssinica, Rich. . .

47

asiatica, Linn. . .

184

Simaba africana, Baill.

312

bullulata, Miers . .

47

aurita, WalL . . .

187

undulata, G. et P. .

309

? laetificata, Miers .

47

carpinifolia, Linn. .

180

SlMARUBEiE . . . .

308

Icevigata, Miers . .

47

cordifolia, Linn. . .

181

Sinapis a 6yssinica,k. Br

65

Sterculia

215

decagt/na, Sch. et Th.

181

juncea, Linn. . . .

65

abyssinica, Br. . .

217

densijlora. Rich. . .

179

nigra, Linn. . . .

65

acuminata, Beauv. .

220

glauca, Cav. . . .

185

Siphoniopsis monoica.

Barteri, Mast.

218

gracilis, R. Br. . .

188

Karst

221

cariccefolia, Don .

224

grandijiora, Don .

186

Sisymbrium . . . .

63

cinerea, Rich. . . .

218

graveolens, T)Ci . .

184

abyssinicum, Fourn. .

64

cordifolia, Cav. . .

217

grewioides, G. et P. .

182

erysimoides, Desf. .

64

heterophylla, Beauv.

223

guineensis, Sch.et Th.

184

falcatum, Fourn. . .

64

ipomcBofolia, Garcke 217

heterosperniayllochsX

182

Irio, Linn

64

macrocarpa, Doij .

221

hirta, T.am. . . .

187

maximum, Hochst. .

64

nitida. Vent. . . .

221

humilis, Cav. . . .

179

Pumilio, Oliv. . .

64

oblonga, Mast. . .

216

indica, Linn. . . .

186

subulatum, Fourn. .

65

obovata, Br. . . .

216

Kotschyi, Hochst. .

188

Thalianum, 0. ^ M.

63

pubescens, Don . .

216

lineanfolia, Schum.

Sodada

94

setigera, Del. . . .

218

etThonn. . . .

179

decidua, Forsk. . .

95

tomentosa, Q. et P. .

217

linifolia, Cav. . . .

179

Sorindeia

439

Tragacantha, Lindl. .

216

longicuspis, Hochst. .

185

africana, DC. . .

440

Triphaca, Br. . . .

216

mutica, Del. . . .

185

heterophylla, Hk. f. .

440

verticil lata,Sch.eiTh.

221

ostrycefolia, Webb .

181

juglandifolia, PL . .

440

Sterculiace^ . . .

214

ovata, Don . . .

180

longifolia, Oliv. .

442

Streblocarpus Fenzlii,

pannosa, R. Br. . .

185

macrophylla, PI. .

442

Pari

90

patens, Audr. . .

182

madagascariensis,!) C

440

pubescens, Kl. . .

84

periplocifolia, Linn. .

182

Mannii, Oliv. . . .

441

scandens, Kl. . . .

84

permutata, Hochst. .

179

patens, Oliv. . . .

441

Strcemia farinosa, Vahl

90

prostrata, Don .

180-

trimera, Oliv. . . .

441

glandulosa, Vahl

89

ramosa, Cav. . .

186

Sparmannia . . .

260

longifolia, Br. . .

90

repens, Sm. . .

181

abyssinica, Sockst.

261

rotundifolia, Vahl .

89

rhombifolia, Linn.

181

africana, Linn. .

261

trifoliata, Sch. et Th

91

riparia, Hochst. .

181

palmata, E. M. .

261

Strombosia ....

350

rostrata, Sch. et Th

182

Spergula arvensis, Lin

143

graudifolia, Hook.f.

350

rugosa, Sch. et Th.

180

Spergularia . . .

143

Subularia

68

scabra, Sch. et Th.

181

rubra, Pers. . .

143

monticola, A. Br. .

68

Schimperiana, Hchst

180

salsuginea, Bunge

143

Suriana

313

sessilijlora, Don .

179

Sphaerocoma . .

147

maritima, Linn. . .

313

spinosa, Linn.

180

Hookeri, T. And.

147

Swietenia senegalensis,

stipiilata, Cav. .

180

Sphedaranocarpus .

279

Desr. . . .

338

subrotunda, Hochst.

182

augolensis. Planch.

279

Symphonia . . .

163

triloba, Cav. . .

179

Spondias ....

447

globulifera, Linn.f.

163

urens, Linn. . .

179

aurantiaca,'^c\L.ti Th

448

Symphyostemon . .

75

virgata, Don . .

179

Birrea, Rich. . ,

450

strictus, Kl. . .

80

Vogelii, Hook. f.

180

dubia, Rich. . .

448

Synclisia. ....

49

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

477

scabrida, Miers . . 49

Syrrhonema . . . . 50

fasciculatuniy Miers . 50

Talinuin 149

Caflfrum, E.et Z. .150
crassifolium, Willd. . 150
cuneifoliura, Willd. . 150
indicum, W. & Am. 150
triangulares Willd. . 150

Tamariscine^ . . . 150

Tamarix 151

articulata, Vahl . .151
gallica, Linn. . . .151
indica, Willd.. . .151
nilotica,^\ixt\\\i. . . 151
senegalensis, DC. .151

Tapura 344

africana, Oliv. . . 344

Teclea nobilis, Del. . . 306

TERNSTRtEMIACEiE . .169

Tetrasera 12

alnifolia, DC. . . 12
alnifolia, Willd. . . 12
Boiviniana, Baill. . 13
obovaia, DC. . . . 13
rugosa, Guill. et Perr. IS
scabra. Hook, f . . . 13
senegalensis, DC. . 13

Thalictrum . . . - . 8
longipedunculatum,

Hochst. et Steud. . 8
minus, Linn. ... 8
rhynchocarpupi. Bill.

etRio^.. ... 8
Sckimperianum, Hchst. 8

Thespesia 209

L&mi)aa, Bth.eiHk.f. 209
populnea, Cav. . . 209

Thlaspi 69

arvense, Linn. . . 70

Thouinia dicarpa^ Turcz. 433

Thylachium .... 82
africanum. Lour. . . 82
heterophyllum, Juss. 83
ovalifolium, Juss. . 83
querimbense, Kl. . . 83
verrucosum, Kl. . . 83

TiLIACEJJ . . . \ 240

Tiliacora 43

funifera, Oliv. . • 44

Tinospora 43

Bakis, Miers ... 43
teneruy Miers ... 43

Toddalia 306

lanceolata, Lam. . . 307
nobilis, Eook.f. . . 306

Tunsella africana. Will. 377

Triaspis 280

Flabellaria, Juss. . 282
lateriflora, Oliv. . .281
niacropteron, H'elw. . 281
mozambicn, c///jj. . . 281
odoratn, Jujs. . . U80

stipulata, Oliv. . .281

Tribulus 283

alatus, Del. . . .284
alius, Poir. . . .284
cistoides, Linn. . .284
cristatus, Ehrcnb. . 284
Ehrenbergii, Asch. . 284
excrucians, W. ct P. 284
humifusus, Sch. ct Th. 284
Kotschyanus, Hoisa. . 284
longipetalus, Viv. . 284
macropterus, Boiss. . 284
niaxiruus, Torr. et Gr. 284
megustopterui, Krai. . 284
mollis, Ehrenb. . . 284
pterocarpus, Ehrenb. 284
pubescent, Don . . 285
terrestris, Linn. . . 283
Trichanthera modesta,

Schreb 232

Trichilia 333

capitata, Kl. . . . 335
Dregeana, E. Mey. . 335
emetica, Vahl . . 335
grandifolia, Oliv. . .335
Heudclotii, PI. . . 334
Prieuriana, A. Juss. . 334
retusa, Oliv. . . .334
rubescens, Oliv. . . 330
Riippeliana, Fres. . 333
Trichoscypha .... 444
lucens, Oliv. . . . 444
Mannii, Hook./. . 444

Triclisia 48

coriacea, Oliv. . . 49
macrophylla, Oliv. . 48
? patens, Oliv. . . 49
subcordata, Oliv. . ■ 49
Trigonotheca serrata,

Hochst 365

Triopteris 282

Triphaca africana. Lour, 217
Triumfetta . . . .254
angulata. Hook. f. • 257
angulata, Lara. 257, 260
annua, Linn. . . 256

Benguelensis,\S . ct P. 255
cordifolta, Guill. ct P. 257
cuneata, Wochii. . . 255
eriophiebia, Hook. f. 257

fl«vr*ccu», Hoctut. . 25i
gcoidr*. H'eltc. . . 266
glamdutota, Ltm. . 2fl7
glrchoiaoides. W«lw. th^
llcudelutii. PL . . 259
Kirkii, Matt . .259
longtsela, Guill et P. 467
mollu, Sch. ct Thon. 257
ne^lrctA, H' rt Am. 255
urthacAntha, KV/w. . 258
ovata, DC. . . .268
pentandra, O. r( P. . 2SS
piloM, Jioth . . .257
rhoniboidca, J<u^. . 257
Schimpen, Xhichtl. . 256

, temitnloba, Lmn. . 256
sctuloaa, Matt. . . 259
Tkonnmgiatui, DC. . 257
tomcDtoM, Biij. . . 268
trichocarpa. Ilockst . 269
tnloculartj, G. ct P. 267
tri/oeularit, Koxb. . 267
Fahlit, Poir. . . .267
veluitna, Vahl . .267
Welwilschii. !/«/. . 265

Turr«» 330

abyssinira, Hochst. . 331
Jloribunda, Hochat. . 330
graciJiflora, Scbl. . 332
hetcro'phvlla, Sm. . 330
lobata, Liodl. . . . 330
niloticA, A', et Peyr. 331
oblusifolia, Hochst. . 331
propinquA, Hook. t. . 331
querrtfulia^ iXjn . . 330
Vogelii, Hook.f . . 330

Uebelinia 140

abyssinica, flochst. 140

spat hulaf oils, H chat . 140

Unona 34

acutithra, Duu. . . 32

afr:' :. ".!.. . . 30

fu . . 36

hn ...... .>. ..V . . 36

? Icpidota, f/ir. . . 56

Imrida, Sw. 21

luciduU, 0li9. ... 36

macrocarpa, D<\ . 22

oboratA. Bmtk. . 36

ocata, IK'. . . 21

orypetah, DC. ."M

panrifolia, 0/ir. . 36

I'rcu* . • • J**'

americana, lAnn.. . 1H9
d%9ers\folui, Sch.rt Th 1 89

y/fl*rtf, R Hr. 190

478

INDEX OP GENEKA AND SPECIES.

Page
lobata, Linn. . . .189
moL'is, R. Br. . .190
obtusata, Guill. et P. 189
sinuata, Lino. . .189
tricMspis, Cav. . .189
virgata, Guill. et P. . 189

Uvaria 19

acuminata, Oliv. . . 21
cethiopica^ Guill. et P. 30
angolensis, Welw. . 23
Charase, Beauv. . . 22
connivens, Benth. . 20
cordata, Sch.etThon. 22
cristata, R. Br. . . 23
cylindrica, Sch. et Th. 23
fusca, Benth. ... 20
globosa,/roo^./.. . 22
gracilis, Hook.f. . . 22
lucida, Benth. . 21, 26
monopetala, G. et P. 27
ovata. Da . . . • 21
parvijlora, Guill. et P. 31
scabrida, Oliv. . . 21
Vogelii, Hook.f. . . 25

Vatica 172

africana, Welw. . .173
Ventenatia . . . .114

Ventilago 378

leiocarpa, Benth. . .378

mad^raspatana,^n\h.. 379

Vepris querimbensis, Kl. 307

Viola 105

abyssinica, Steud. . 105
emirnense, Boj. . .105
^Mm^(9««.y, Sch. etTh. 106
lanceifolia, Sch.etTh. 106
Violariej: .... 104

Visraia 160

affinis, Oliv. . . .161
frondosa, Oliv. . .161
guineensis^ Chois. . 158
Leonensis, Hk.f. 159, 161
rubesceus, Oliv. . .160

Vitis 386

abyssinica, Sochst. . 397
adenantha {Fres) . 403
adenocaulis {Steud.) . 405
Afzelii, Bak. . . .389
amplexa, Bak. . . 403
andongensis, Welw. . 406
angolensis, Bak. . .410
angustifolia, Roxb. . 403
aralioides, Welw.. .411
arcuata, Welw. . ,414
argota {HooJc.f.) . 392
asari folia, Bak. . .396

Page
Barteri, Bak. . . .390
bombycina, Bak. . . 399
bororensis (Kl.) . .411
casia (Jfz.) . . .396
cavicaulis, Bak. . . 400
chloroleuca, Welw. . 406
cirrhosa, Thunb. . .410
concinna, Bak. . .413
congesta, Bak. . .412
constricta, Bak. . . 409"
cornifolia, Bak. . . 390
corylifolia, Bak. . . 396
crassifolia, Bak. . .391
crassiuscula, Bak. . 406
Currori {Hook.f.) .401
curvipoda, Bak. . .413
cyphopetala(Fr^5.)407,4 1 2
debilis, Bak. . . .403
diffusiflora, Bak. . . 390
dissecta, Bak. . . .414
erythrodes, jFV^j. . . 401
farinosa, Welw. . . 394
Figariana {Webb) .415
flavicans, Bak. . .413
glaucophylla {Hk f.) 392
eracilis {Guill. et P.) 404
Grantii, Bak. . . .400
grisea, Bak. . . . 395
heracleifolia, Welw. . 398
Ibuensis {Hook.f.) . 402
integrifolia, Bak. . 391
intricata, Bak. . . 404
ipomceifolia {Webb) . 395
jatrophoides, Welw. . 400
juncea (^^^3) . .401
Leonensis {Hook.f.) 398
macropus {Welw.) . 405
Mannii, Bak. . . .412
mollis, Steud. . . .413
mossambiceusis, Kl. . 397
multistriata, Bak. .410
nyraphseifolia, Welw. 393
obtusata, Welw. , .414
oxyphylla, iZzc/^. . .411
pallida, W. ^ Am. . 393
palmatifida, Bak. . . 397
pannosa, Bak. . . 402
parviflora, Roxb. . . 392
paucidentata {KL) . 410
pendula, Welw. . . 407
platanifolia, Bak. . 398
producta, Afz. . .389
pruriens, Welw. . . 408
quadrangnlaris, Linn. 399
rubiginosa, Welw. . 394
ruffosa. Wall. . . .395
salraonea, Bak. . . 394

Page
Schimperiana, Hochst. 395
serpens (Hochst.) . 412
Smithiana, Bak. . . 390
stenoloba, Welw. . . 408
stipulacea, Bak. . .408
subciliata, Bak. . .409
suberosa, Welw. . . 392
tenuicaulis, {Hk.f) . 404
Thonningii, Bak. . 407
Thunbergii, S. et Z. . 399
uvifera, Afz. . . .391
vinifera, Linn. . . 400
Vogelii {Hook, f.) . 409
Welwitschii, Bak. . 393

Waltheria 234

africana, Sch. et Th. 235
araerioana, Linn. . . 235
elliptica, Cav. . . 235
guineensis, Sch. et Th. 235
indica, Linn. . . . 235
lanceolata, Br. . < . 235
panciflora, Hochst. . 235

Willemetia scandens,
Eckl. & Zey. . . .384

Wissadula. . . . . 182
heterosperma,Mo(i\isi. 182
rostrata, P/. . . .182

Xanthochymus . . .168
guineensis, Don . .168
quadrifarius, Oliv. . 168

Xeropetalum Brucei,

Hochst 229

hirsutum, Hochst. . 229
minus, Endl. . . .227
multifiorum, Endl. . 227
quinquesetum, Del. . 227

Xij3£nia 346

araericana, Linn. . .346
laurina, Del. . . . 346

Xylocarpns Granatum,

Kffiu. .... 337

Xylopia 29

acutiflora, Rich. . . 32
sethiopica, Rich. . . 30
africana, Oliv. . . 30
odoratissima, Welw. . 31
parviflora, Benth. .. 31
? polycarpa, Oliv. . 32
rubescens, Oliv. . . 30
Thomson], Oliv. . . 81
undulata, Beauv. 31, 38

Xylotheca 114

Zanthoxylum .... 304
Leprienrii, G. et Per. 306

INDEX OF GF.NERA AND SPECIES.

47a

macrophyllum, OHv.
melanacanthum, PL .

Page
304
305

Baclei, DC. . . .
jujiiba, Lam. .

P.Ke
380
379

ftolygamum, Sch.etTh

. 305

nnds. Rich. . .

380

rubescens, Fl.

305

niucrntiata, Willd.

380

seoegalcnse, DC. .

305

orthacantha, DC

3H0

Zilla

72

Spina-Christi, Willd

380

microcarpa, Vis. .
tnyagroidcs, Forsk.

72
72

ryloptjrus, Hochst.
Zyqophylle^. . .

379
282

Zizyphus ....
adyssinicus, Hochst.

379
379

Zygophyllum . . .
album, Linn. .

285
286

coccJDPUin, Limh. . . 286
dcdimbeu*, />/. . . 2W?
dficitorim, Yonk. . 2H6
ianalum, Willd. 287. 2H8
orbirnlatum, H'fltr. . 285
firo/i/erum, Yonk. . 286
projiinquum , Dwof. . 286
proitrafym, Thuob. . 288
Bimplcx, Linn. .285

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