eo ger WBS MA Yar alee Mette Maren tasthe hy Sate NS AE WT RT SMR Heedee ey ST ead paler SB ayneanien, 28h B RvcWeltin wait de hele oe re ka a pea ee oe Las Statice Ge Meet ebocie. at ty Meant RTE? dat Bie ee tee AS “ ee ee Be tes PRMD ae gs Brat Tt =} hh een a eet Pee We 2 rrr ct nied iyi BaP ts Sy A Moncey eB ln et Bee Be nab th ot, sar ee nae sen eee Wie oe an Te Sct te ih bey aia she 18 Aue See iy RN heats Menta ca Me othe bk to ARI 6 TA ed feat ne Ne AE Deke Aes an ‘ Sake EM btarti rei RoMe Sodietin at te ee ea Sr kee Be oo Th Sais x - oe Ig Pads Rove % pA Re eee ee Se ed Re Bete = eat the Rete he Pe A yeaste ate TNO : = F SWE 2 E 4 | a e 2 Ss": 2 ry 2 : Pode Cs a ee Z 7 IS SHIUVUGIT LIBRARIES, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOLLMLILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS, |S: g ee ES ay z = ee ee 5 z = ra re airs = 5 <§ NBG 5 WO § s eo) < 9 Co ATA OC 38 oO 2 = Z i AS Z = 2 y : EO ee ee ee N INSTITUTION pNOMALILSNI_NVINOSHLINS,, $3 IYVUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _IN = 2 z = & = e = S - Yh % Js = = 0: = = GHG,A io < 2d SV < = < fy fh 3 | a fae =| Ds, o | [0 «4 DY, fe? S i BE faa) ro} ~~ \ m9 = mo.” om 9 = 2 aS wy 3 = S IS LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI NVINOSHLINS § ‘2 ae rs a z i z 2 Q es a = wo = - > a > > ee =f i Pe) ree a ae 5 3 2 = = _ as piss ke z wn = = w = \N ITUTION NOILNLILSNI S9JIYVUGIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN | If z Xx. Ww z ” = ete 7) 2 < ob eve < = <= @&s = < Zz : = z ~ Z WY =| z \ Oo maehy Oo = S S Cee = Sh } a” i A By = NS O 2 JE 2 = 2 E » 2 = a 4S 2 eat VOR ey VS SaluVYaiy SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS § Fe : a. th fy 3 ce a NG a x = aiff Z os < 4 WS < f a loa es Fs = = “Gy = ra ce N pe = S ee : 2 al eae AN” INSTITUTION. NOILNLILSNI” NVINOSHLINS. S31YVY8IT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _ II is e = ie = s ee w = o = wo =, y, oo yo i Fe) = rs) Fe . Li , wD A> = > a > a Uy A = 2 = aut -, iG a - 2 2 ° Z a — — 4) = NS LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S$ ” = ” Zs w Beit wn = < = < = | < ~ = = = z A, = i 4 \ z § 2 5 We A § 5 fe AG Oo ae ‘2 ESS Oo ae Oo Z > 2 E QQ 2 E Zz, > S wa = WS 5 = > Zz 7) 2 ” iy Fo 7p) z AN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI S31YVYEIT LIBRARIES i = w” 2 sf > (9) 3 Z = g : 2 : g a a a = ce Be iden a au . = mm < baa eon o Nes oc Mi a 3 ures ca o ea rs} a re) He 2 Ne 5 2 & YY = : Smt > SS > = Y pf > = y= ee) YW = 2 = U7 diy Ps) : AS = W's - Bee : Wis i 2 a Z a Z J}7 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S$ 9 — re) = i O 3a ce bye . W YW) _ WM ow ey) ge 7 O 0 : O = ts) Up 4 t = = Z a Ze F Bote ee = ‘ >" = > = = v”) fee z 75) z v JON NOIMLALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3luvaqit_ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION i : tl 2 ne ‘ ay n 7) 2 a a =a Ye VINOSHLINS S3IYVUaIT LIBRARIES SMITHS NVINOSHLINS S3iu¥Wua!IT LIBRARIES NVINOSHLINS SAZINVHIT RIMIAIOCLIITTIAIG enxzxi uYNyvUwarar SMITHSONIAN ® 1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN N 2 < z ro) Ww) Ee = 77) ose. w = Ww as w = ; 2 J z= ti Zz a \ Liu 5 3 ce th fg ‘S a “4 AS = : B\ = es Diy = ee F QE = : Al c AY Wty S w Cc x AN Pe ¢ 4 6 i Uy S ia 5 Na : ee mh z ae 2 eer z ION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3I¥YVUdIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Bs — * 5 Ss = eh es : Ve = = : - YY, = F Ve > = > > GF Gi> ; = - ra Me fp st” F pie iia - 2 i Gf igo 5 en . “ a Tons MB ide a ¢ | Zz es Se les Hy Zz a 2 a7 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLIWS Saluvudl mi = i) w za * ow aes 52) : 2 t = 4 4 ane > S ra f: 5 x ¢ 2 8 : 7: ae g : | Zz = Z E Z 2 = > =, = Z on 2 7A 3 7 S Y —NVINOSHLINS _LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION . a W z a 2 u ap) oa nv ul Ww os ag cc a ww i. a = ( x = x ax cal a eke pie ate alk ® aapelieye 355 278 Gens ACE OSid, Lanes stehedateie nen eens “*ohet Seogeeye) » God 273 Genus 448. Alana 1 ehus icem se persp a mee hd Sere 356 275 Genus 449. Arch yramth e's age os ereteaeneeuseye aces 367 281 Genus 490. Altern amthesx a, Forske sy eta querees 368 282 Genus fal. Gompih ne tia ples is 4 wpe etebeho «bel eee 369 283 iv — ae Genus 465. Holosteum L.......0.. Genus 466.)Sa cima I. . 0 bee oe « Genus 467. Buffonia L...... BES ve Genus 468. Lepyrodiclis Fenzl Genus 469. Queria Loefl. ...... Genus 470. Minuartia be coe ee © © 8 oO eo Genus 471. AmMmodenia Patrin Genus 472. Arenaria L. ....... Subgenus 1. Eremogone Fenzl Family LY., Nyctaginaceae Eid. sa qb avnerey ok Bley Genus oa gM ira Dilis Tee oes w+ « oa alles a eaten!» Eamil yet Wile ly tonmaceacyhichl isis vag coge\ beh eig aici mie eins hohe, V8 Section 5. Halimus C. A.M. S2asspedunculatay sss tot) 2 Ao See ee Ee eee ee esate ven ses SS At fern ((:) Boe... + pig eage: Wim MERON OTEEF IES Os wot oe Bache dee ee Genus 404. Eurotia Adans. lbsceratoides (ls )(C sAIMe*. 028 aa ee i ee oes ae 2 Exewersmanniana otschegie % 's 0% dec ec. Sess ee es oko cs ee sg Genus 405. Ceratocarpus L. ep Gw@arenariaswlenes- cn thee eh tS ck te) OS oe Me eae ea on aa Pee teem a 2VCntURKestanicusyOayicRyCZe Ts foe 2 Me ee Sle Nt Renee ee Genus 403. Atriplex L. Section 1. Dichrosperma Dumort. Xl 110 111 Genus 406. Axyris L. 3603-0) J. As vamaranthoidesa ceo crccl si ve de « Penal ee 8 ce tee s@) lo felis) igi 8 113 SG0Aws 2 Aw hybriga: Le 0 5 reed oF ce US ls Us ys yas 2) ga dee yes ee RUM MEMES 113 Sonne Seas prostratavlicr Ve oe ae os Ven. po wue We os je yeu Weve Scosibs “tod URANO R Cole alle 114 3606. 4. A. sphaerosperma Fisch. et Mey. ....- 2. 2 ee ee eee eee 114 3607. 5. A. caucasica (Somm. et Lev.) Lipsky. . . . . - - 2 ee ee ee ee es 115 Tribe 6. CAMPHOROSMEAE MOQ. Genus 407. Camphorosma L. SO08H (1. C.omonspelracum!L). Gk me eek et, 117 S609) 2. C.Lescingin Lifwerre eee Ate et Seca et OS he ee 118 3 OOM ips 4 C-vanmutsmylrall 2) yeas me ee) Re lite: Pointe Bey Wy Ps Pes Pe Raven iar te ow ee ee ee 118 3611. 4.C.songoricum Bge. ......... ge Neat aos ee wee Meee ne Ree 119 Genus 408. Panderia Fisch. et Mey. Sol2s al. ipilosaibisch.setyMeys a0 uk Rae Oo ee 120 SOlsaol sb. turkestanical Upiin i. see) as ae: ae) ae ere Ae ae Ste ot RD DT? ARTA! oF 120 3614. Kexerianthag Boers ais ewe eve! a2 sii oS ke ww Me hike a sed, 4S, fe ray eaten ea 123 Genus 410. Londesia Fisch. et Mey. 3615. is erianthaiFischs. et Mey." ay. ese w0s'G eon QR eftepenerseiog 4 124 Genus 411. Echinopsilon Mog. S61Ga 0d. Es hyssopifoliunn(Pall:)) Moq- - ee ee 6 oe bb ss ON Ree A 125 S61 ie 2aes sedoidesi(ralliMogq. 2.0 2 pe eee ee «So ee odeigiis 2 126 36182 . 32 Endivaricatum: MarsetuKir, 2ee 6 eg sl Ge a eS eR pole ue 126 Solon 4 ee shirsubume(eiMoqet ce uso eG ee ee ee ee oh A Date 127 Genus 412. Kochia Roth. Section 1. Pterocarpus Beck. 3620491. Keprostrata (.)ochrad. >... '. fs. 7. SUP atten palome.e 128 : Bolte 2. Ke laniflora(S: GeGmel)"Borb. so. RS Sk Se Pigggytcelt 130 : 3622... 3. K. iranica (Hausskn. et Bornm.) Litw. . . . 2 1. 22 ee ee ee es 131 3623-40 4. Ke Schrenkiana’ (Mog-)! [lin =)... se Boe as a See os Gaels, ig 132 S62 ae 5: Rei kerylogni aitw: Mean et ts artes te erie ta he oa alo Lila A alps + ih, ease 362544" 6. Ko'melanoptera Bye. eos! oe ee ese ede eeale Je 133 Section 2. Semibassia Beck. 3626: 7. K. scoparia (L:) Schrad: (5-0 mirons le Pioh oliegm 2. ek ss 133 B62Tas OK sleversiana (Pally "Ce ASMe 25 8st cote faut oP oleic 4 134 Tribe 7. CORISPERMEAE MOQ. Genus 413. Corispermum L. S62800 0) 1: Cs; Marschallia, Steve: jie ct Pein 5. sei Uae! ae opine se as ed

.) Ki Gyaetiialeac lho ueun Mees = 6 Re ee ee 140 Sos250,) 5: GC. erassifoliam™Turcezs 40 fea eR ee 143 S653:40 (6. C:; Komaroviiiljiny 5) sc) Goce 2 n2h 20s hha) Gy WS epee a pe 143 xl Base ani. Coaralo-caspicnm Ijin. ar. bts eRe ee I 144 Pee Ca axalOriimy SERREM Ks 8s) fie) 8) oy ee aS, eam, ate, oy gis whee py eh al eee 145 Se soemmn oO Mittens a, aye se Me ts eS oeets etal te Sacre eee Dr 145 Ba sieaew Oe talitolram. ©. A Miveid i Ak Sterley aie ten ae LI Sta A a ane 145 Boose ideclinatumyStep ns: ., <0 Mins 6 ee dw ww e's ee ae Oe mote Lake 147 ae ne ching ankcumeliiin <) ( tyiet e oa ie ssh ec ee ee ee 147 sess altaicum: Nyin, jettles A, Tat AN Oe ah oo Be Ra OE 148 S04). 14. C. hyssopifolium Li 2). 4 po. 2 Boar ASB UAE ot Sta 8s 53 ee 148 rere el See sibiricumlliimay) <0) ii cy oe eld alos an Gokhale oS ke ees 149 Beene RCCOWSKIPISCHS fo St at ee ee ek eck re ee aa 149 a melgeerostm Iii «0... 05. ede Meas FOS eteteld et ade cee 3 150 Boomer Kervloval Win. va wh

ye eel 178 367856 3) 55 glauca Dge. “iqngiq-een,- fouceieds Pei: ehcheu eee ms ine dole Sees 3679. 4. S. microphylla Pall. . . . a Uk Gris stan, ooo) eee aaongendcetceheeale cas 179 Z680m eS eS ealtiasimar(L.)peall. «2.5 3, £5 2 GoM usr es ceca hook wol oleh pein ae 180 Section 2. Lachnostigma Ihjin 3681. 6. S. dendroides (C.A.M.) Mog. .. . - 2-2 2 2 ee eee ee eee - 181 S6G2:0 dS yarcuata: Bees 2) csi he) ot sie gs 6s a roe Lapa» feds eenipesias oe 182 Section 3. Conosperma Iljin B68Shr GS. ypskyi Litwei cc Ge 2 ee. sw i oe ow opMaeee SUMO Ae 183 3684. 9. S. pygmaea (Kar. et Kir.) Ijin . 2... 1. 1 ee ee ee ee ee es 183 3685. 10. S. confusa Ijin... .. gk ok ie gee gar ge ae: He: na os PRS aed 183 S68hae lilo. wbacciterathall Bigs ew ww ee ee ew we A eee 184 3687. 12):S.jacuminata,(G+AWMi)iMog.. - 6 se bh wee es Se pe 187 3688. 13. S. pterantha (Kar. et Kir.) Bge.. . . 1... SUPA, rice fe cathe sl mode 187 3689. 14. S. transoxana (Bge.) Boiss). .-......- DATE 5) eT 188 3690. 15. S. microsperma(C. A.M.) Fenzl. © 2. 2... 2 2 ee ee ee ee tw 188 36919 1657S: eltonica Tljin Smee teak: Be. bee occa don a Steet is focl™ asin Snel 189 36925 1d wO.turkestanicawtatwe os <0 se eee a ee ae PET abe oh bee Section 4. Physophora Ijin 3693. 18.S. physophora Pall. .........2..-- et seal itt rE ra i 190 Section 5. Heterosperma Ijin 36945 19" 'S. salen: (Iz.)) Pall: So cha ec cee de Pipe gic ps), tc se wh ies es 191 3695.\'20579. ussuriensis™ Minis ofa. sue sche Rs uel Ayia value eee ele ees anes 192 3696; 21. 1S.-maritima: (L-):Dumorts. 2 .92R9 0 WEE RS 6 ie es hae 193 369 prez. S-prostrata Falls, os go 62 2 wi see es sh Eien exjtgl os oe 94 3698. 23. S. Olufsenii Pauls. ........ Lear. 8 ls Seg a FRO eas a CS 5699. 724.'S; corniculata:(C. Av M:)\Boes®. 4 nidssewen iene, + = apd oecsngcilonmemelte. 195 S700 Joss. arepanophyllaitwe se i 2, wcls Ss oe ed Noah oy eat wai oe ee - 196 3701. 26. S. heterophylla (Kar. et Kir.) Bgen . . 2. 2. 2 7. ee ee ee ee 197 S025 27-49. wossinskyinhliinis 2% Ge! os) e558 197 Genus 422. Alexandra Bge. S70347 tl (A tbehmanni Boe. coe ae ee sk ae ge ee ee BED ae 198 X1V 3704. 3705. 3706. 3707. 3708. 3709. 3710. 3711. 3712. 3713. 3714. 3715. 3716. 3717. 3718. 3719. 3720. 3721. 3722. 3723. 3724. 3725. 3726. 3727. 3728. 3729. 3730. 3731. 3732. 3733. 3734. 3735. 3736. 3737. 3738. 3739. 3740. 3741. Genus 423. Borszczowia Bge. 1B-varalocaspicav Ogee: sy %s ste ae had whee islee ha & Ca ee lee.cycloptera per. a ee a ys al Mer ele! cia eae ee Ree Tribe 10. SALSOLEAE C, A.M. Genus 425. Salsola L. Section 1. Kali (Adans.) Ulbrich tral OL sp leer en denne dine cyitailty cae oe MER gate co Taree Ms. Rag aabrer Wa, ae agence Weel GB ies cat aoe orks cp WEIR Se ee. fe SUMS Or i a UA De ge PRC OMI ey ralleisd ict ay ie lee al a phate: (sap ieeh Madan pba ie) vate toy es AMNONOPLEN als Few vee ails ie! ail vous itc yullee pee vaics) Wiel etme ge umen een sty coil he GRECO EIRW er re Wie ie ier Pe Mol wiouscl nacre au ienion us iets seeinte. 7 Cat sie oe Sica Raulsentribitwe Si peath Ae, Paes Mable «6 ces ow Kh eger Gata pellicicalitwrm gam ccc ih ay, fa aie iacd ee eh wee eae Te Mamamschjanae lyin 2. ee Reni vines th ates tamariscina Fale | cca aut mie ee Poa de MeN hr cuia bil conte ess ete PO SACO AME. age eu weluatle Aa) Hetehe) oreharikel vol viere) eCklen ai ire. vas Soap rommbee nas Soo SS GS Gs bao roy (=) NANNNNNNENDNANADANHN 2 fo. iy ry Q a = Reamarovarlinyee io ens tosses cee ae ey Cat ae erie) tas Makvemta! en rockie Sogdiana BGG. 6. Pec ieee Me eet es eo We wud gees ie BEAD LCTAP EMU oe, ot Sle ag coals Voy Ge vabblen ys ye Neneh eh Toh ace coe aa ISNATOSSOVINLACWoe. Coane fe asin ae) tee ee ses eS, Seige meee Sick PRUESERHICOIRMIIN ose Tee oe a ret May ie eae ie ot ook ear ta Can calc 14. eeinniatar ically Mets cra: hia Rete Cie: Reena Mel ete Ms ih Bal og See mers OUISty OSes veto tie ete te!” coma saat os. comin Og Tieheumia Maines Roeser jammer sf capi fal Ss) ow Sioa Mia eae Ais MOL hs Mia Mey bg Ce tnenAe Ala ie Ae ibucharica thins”: ...s nae wag a 9-d b eee IR ietee Fire 6a a Se we CHASSHM NACo Es ee ei etic Meta Maha als, Matias tay Na coc he Me MMe Ro Mt ae ARC SubcrassalMohOps se 7's) o:eiie, oe) puer son ain 5) SAD ope recta Ae RFANSOKANACIMIN 66, epee, eh ec en eee os at oy eS eae a si orshinsicyi robe oes sfc 8 sy ae ee he Ve ae efaralemais im eee is eh tah cia as Celt chan tie en tre GRY Riga Sy aE Ses MIETICA tA es eee eas, fo MaRS oa Mae ie gal cutie een eR ts slachnophylla Mim. isi) to See sos oe wap ciao dus eae tend oe ete w/Minkvitziae Eng. Nor... (ss 6s 6 cw ws es (os. satehbcnmeeni mice « SRULG CAI eH shiek ah lo? oP ahs te anh aM aba Wats” ote Yc, ic eae a meine . heptapotamica Ijin . . 2. 2... 1 1 we ew we Sp ee ee 33. S. turcomanica Litw. .....-.--..-- oo S Path eutia See hla cities Wet at SATO Olpae ljin s .".) SOR S. HA TS SRE OM Pt Me OR Rng 5 MON e NS 5a) SE ; NNNNNNnNNNnNNANUNYN § n Section 3 Brachyphylla Ijin 35. S. affinis C.A.M.. .. « ee @ © « ae (er. 0) -w 0) Oe) 8) sities) he: se) vey Ge) ce” s. Section 4. Heterotricha Iljin 36. S. brachiata Pall. . . . . aS ar Ms Pig wutier msn es Mtg, Hg MRO A GRRE RTRs XV 200 Section 5. Ancho phyllum Ijin 3742537. S: arbuscula Pally). soe = SP ws it a so ss Sate Sate! oe 237 3743. 33. S.arbusculaeformis Drob. . ~~... +) ee ee se ee tes 239 3744. 39. S. laricifolia (Turez.) Litw. . . - - 6 6 02 ee et ee es 239 3745540 "CS: montana Litws Gece 2 eles asle eo ee Ris ees) coe ee Maat aeton ele 240 S746) 4d S. maracandiea ins 'S\ Richteri Karelfesas iy sh, Shetek eS wears ert. BR ee 242 37490-44:)S: Paletzkiana Litwe - ois ep R he ate iyint Besa he es oe = ee 243 3750... 45. So transhyrcanica Ijin <2 5-0. 2 eee me eS ae ea 243 S751e, 462 S. Roshevitzii. jin 00 6 eects Nes ce ee 8 244 3752' 47: S; Baranoviieling a. We ero and ae & Be Res. se s+ at 244 Section 6. Sphragidanthus IIjin 3753. 48. S. subaphylla C.A.M..... . st re Maen Mars ag, Nap aia ca co a 245 G754- 49, Sevlaica Me Bete ss ee te ee eye eM ee es cgi re -_ 5? oe (eee 3750-050, 9: hispidula Bye. 02 0 ee ie ae we eas a a ee 247 ST 5 Grn ies iensis Lipsky) a. sa yee ral el Se le ee eee a a ee ws le 248 Section 7. Caroxylon (Thunb.) Iljin STM e Serigidatizalla tee Vey in 2 on ee ete te oo os) S sie ee alae 251 Sisto om dshunoarica ign’) 6). re We ye ee we ww 3) rele we; couaaauno es 252 S150 Sa. Srlaricina Wallen cia ve x tye erie Uae). wlte ag ww A Se «ney oy ue S7o0esososemitraria Pall, 2°. 22 eS ee ee! Rahs retake ua aim aad 253 BiGl. SOMO MIacera LARWi oh) aie, | tte ee) tate Aa Mes we ee pe hee «3 om yee SiGde tT Sie OMinicanescensi@n An Ma etree cee s Oa oe ne Ce ines Ue hs lhe cae 254 S1Gst oon dendroides Pal, fll c wice tise vee Mew Ns? laste cs Cambeylle pe a teu ale 255 SAGA OMS HeMCOIdeS Me Bari h 8 en cok ct oh itlem ahi re lec hetale sah alm he aie 256 Section 8 Aleuranthus Ijin 3765. 60. S.scelantha C.A.M... ........ aia Ms Raa ie tite Ra ee 257 3766: sols oncarinate GHA Ma tid Pa Tc yee hes hale me Se) adteyl'a eh ia, Logles 257 Section 9. Belanthera IIjin JIG7e 662.5: nodulosa (Mog: lim * 2 a 2 Pt ue a en 258 3768. 63.S. gemmascens Pall... ........ Mice ie Mees ceive ite ogee 31694. Sscuna Ci Koch 4 tg Soto Se Pk ee es awl ome npr Nemes 260 Si70smG5- owAuchert Dyer eh te st a ee se a ee Sidiawoe. S* Fakhtadshyanp [jin 0 8 5 et at St Se se oe ee 261 31124°67..5: stellulata Exug.“Kore) 4) 6 POe SP SOM PRS Fe 262 SP13.8685S. Vvedenskyi Ijin et-M.. Pop. i.) 2". fhe te a see 262 S74 +8695S: forcipitata linn <2 212% 1." stot chia” "hee ge eave See aie be ee es re be 263 3775. 70. S. gossypina Bge. . .. . Ep Ae NN telgrd ic en cune tte eh aetaee 264 3776. 71. S. daghestanica (Turcz.) Lipsky. . .. 2-2. 2-52-06 ee.. 254 Section 10. Coccosalsola Fenzl iis Ane eo tolosan(L. iSchrads! 2.5). 0) 66. (6. 6 eww, ou eR) ene ee 265 Genus 426. Noaea Mog. 3778. 1. N. mucronata (Forsk.) Asch. et Schweinf. . .......-22022-2- 266 37/9... 2.N. leptoclada (Woron.) Dijin. Sin hae hak OI ORS 6k 2 es 269 3780. 3.N. minuta Boiss. et Bal. . . . . Se aiclatolesstec ia aa geome arn: IAS alpbheaud « 269 XV1 PONE pla plaela als —_ nn ) a0 Anh wnw >>P>e Bo) ees >>> —_ > Poe ee mee Pe Genus 427. Aellenia Ulbrich aurienial(Mog-)' Ulbrich) .\0. (05) 2 02 2% ss absey Shs) ue Genus 428. Rhaphidophyton Ijin Regelin(Boe:)i Iljinds pe yes is os keine Le be. wan elie Genus 429. Horaninowia Fisch. et Mey. Sanomelag(@aA:M:):Mogs 3 Seek a ks So eels) oe BminoribrschvetuMeys), 606, fe Ss sow ec eee eee ys Miltcinay sen: SEI MEYe . ann) deig be ges Abe ae eR Fs] kOe Pmexcellensylyingtvei suite. ei hs) alles cel te iota, cy ey. Gugauatiy, ul Genus 430. Seidlitzia Bge. . rosmarinus (Ehrh.) Bge. «2 2 - 2 2 eee te ee sptloridar(M.(B:) Bossi ssi erect Riel oP isle es. sya Me Genus 431. Ofaiston Rafin. smonandrum (Pall.)"Moq,. =ce8 ! este gee tev eiuree lt: | Genus 432. Girgensohnia Bge. . oppositiflora (Pall.) Fenzl... ........2..-. WSusea yay Cin CW) ©) Ohta) Ge] ca mara Pa a ne ERGITETAN ESE oC eM der hehe! af elie iat of ata ow got he tee Genus 433. Anabasis L. Section 1. Setifera Ulbrich smicradena [Minis ve lo0 a ce on sy we ch ee eds rah sh, ot aba ats Section 2. Adenophora Iljin PoPelivoti ‘Po Dangay cs) oe) eh heh aad hs ol uel ab a te PRUE SGICH Alginih Veatch seh eal elit ete ee lee ha af ee. attinis Pischwet Meytiar Tet etch .h statuatlet of al ke mane VEN 6 eS CL EY EL Re og a i i healt EI cial eebrevitoliak Gs Ae Mee tty ticks Sta a) ER Section chylepis (C.A.M.) Bge. fsaisa,(C.'A:M.) Benth.) 64.0) 0° 20 tm OG a OU . Famosissima Minkw. .......-26. 66.0688. eriopoda (C2 A. M).Benths «: os: 02 6) ae oy oe oe BER EG: Section 4. Euanabasis Bge. Ptter@anicalsD roby iis’ ai otcn (er ch. ck sh ck Gh ch Wet | turkestanica Eug. Kor. . . XVil = @ © e e 28 © © © © @& brachiata-Fisch-et Mey": Oates ee en, re tacea OF alla. ty icy iy Sip sing. Se wim oe ae Awe ae Sh ak ES A macroptera’ (Maq: ..:'.« <5 (ss 0¥ ss2¥ 2% lod 0k x8 ch oe ose truncata! (Oochreuk) “Byelrni. soc: i) 6 1S. eh se ceive s tapbylla Wvicyelw 2, cit. Ami Nin mnie... balchaschensis Ijin. . . .. 2.2.1... 2 eee eee sipaLicitiona Ms ROP. ister an ete ny fais fidgisigisy. en's, (oe evgsicola Me oe mi eh mish cyrus beg yak au, San cuN = © ©¢ © © «© @ oy Lelgieus veigshes ie, la: 2°’ © © © 28 © © ee © © e« © 8 @ rs eo e © 8 © @ @ = 8 © © e@ © @ 270 271 272 273 274 274 275 276 276 277 278 281 3839. 3841. 20. 21. 22. 28. AAAS wh BS eee a eshte oN ot A. elatior (C. A. M.) B. Schischk.. - 2 2 2 2 1 ee ee et ee es Ave Korovintilijim 2.0% el co ee eee ew ee er me A. jaxartica (Bge.) Benth. - - . 2-2 2 ee eee ee et ee es A. hispidula (Bge.) Benth... .-- 22-5 2 ese eee eee ees Genus 434. Arthrophytum Schrenk Section 1. Ammodendroides lIljin Me Anilenge (uitiniees vanes et cekee tie tho errata Se Phen to Sah ol opie a atop eta Section 2. Euarthrophytum Mlljin A. Lehmannianum Bge. ...-.-.-- 2-2 2s eee eee eer A. subulifolium Schrenk. . . - - 2 6) ee et te tt tt es A. Litwinowii Eug.Kor. ......... SRN MAN cee RIS Gree 8 A. betpakdalense Eug. Kor... 2... 6 2-2 ee ee te ee es A. leptocladum M. Pop... © - 2 6 2 ee ee ee es ate A. wakhanicum (Pauls.) Eug. Kor. . ....- 2-2-2 esse eee ee Genus 435. Iljinia Eug. Kor. aL Regelii (Bye:) Eug- Kors. os) <<. 06° ese Se woe a) a we os eee Genus 436. Haloxylon Bge. BV RAC MOR SICUNT EEE oi 5 ay akc at are aie) ath ath GN sgh dea) 0). be PES, Sat Oe nH aphyllum’ (Minky. Wjines-. es «8 fe 2 oe Se 5 bee wiHMammodendron Bye: 0 65) 68 6) onset a) ike os al whee not ome Genus 437. Nanophyton Less. = No ermaceum’(Pall:) Bye: =: <) = Selene BEE UU UY Section 3. Brachyphyllon Ijin P, brachiata (Pall) (Byes2, .fseccugcdaalsa Sua. .. tee Sees Pe ,aibirica (Pali), Bye.) oi, 2,6, wp oy oh ey my vi ae su a 3) ES Genus 439. Halocharis Moq. hisprdai(C2AciM:) @Bye: st sveesat.s oe 4h oat a PPE furcomanica lljinj. stir s% hoe hae ea tiee Lh Maha! otee teen Ok emg . lachnantha Eug. Kor... . - 2.2... 20 o* sitet nee XVIll Genus 440. Halimocnemis C. A.M. erm ute KareliniieMOGly ss ne che «4k Sw 2 8 3 elk A eR 331 Baoen 2.biosclerosperma (Pall.) C.A:M.. .... 5... S890 @ OOo P geome. 332 ere Sogtievillosavkar GtoKirij.. sels sm woe Slee 4 Rw wk ERIE 333 Peet wr wlon mola IB Geiss. as ee 4 RSs a ee es ee 333 SoM ite DEreSIMU MIN <5 Fe. 12" \6, ta ah we fe ge So te ce RY ye oe 334 Seer Gtk. mollissima )Bre: tse) 2. Mh. wcities & Ailes 2 2 he 334 ee sinclaberrimal lMyng sis. 6. Gs a kee ek ee a ew as 335 Sremeeo Til wasiantha lym (sess eal a kee ee oe a Ke oe eh 336 ee .wii-omacranthera (Bees) ¢s) ay. 0) & bod leo y Sow eke Male od. Sheeting of 336 CLO SAO ORMNINOVI BEC ee oa se ww ee ew OR Aenea Gd 337 Pee or latifolia Wyn. 5 «0's wis ke 8 Hn ee wr ee wR 338 Genus 441. Halotis Bge. Setommeretdcpilosa(Mog.): Myin =). 6. PR a eile 339 Genus 442. Piptoptera Bge. See emnucueturkestanica Bye... 3 eant.” Sete es ee tS ky al ie bel tie 340 Genus 443. Halanthium C. Koch Peer srarificrum:C: Kochi... (ee apy a Pe ee eee a 343 Sete 2b ku pianum (C. Kach) Bye. 3 2 3 6 ww ee ee wk ot wel one 344 Pees oli vroseum: (hrautv,) Ijin >) 5) ff toss ee Se ees 345 eer A wcipskyl Paulse 8. yo cy Soe) as ge os awe eye ele 8 se ew we 8 345 Genus 444. Gamanthus Bge. Bassaee 1. G. gamocarpus (Moq:) Bgé. / ok es RT 347 ere mer Grikcelifi: Euigs (Kors <<. js, 5 ois) a spbseetnah wits. Wigsbls 6 ee 8 ee 348 eerie. oleraceablaie Feiwel. fa EW sca aise cat ah Sheth atetet Olek olen sueatlyer 386 Family LX. Caryophyllaceae Juss. Subfamily I Alsinoideae Vierh. Tribe 1. ALSINEAE PAX. Genus 461. Stellaria L. Section 1. Eustellaria Fenzl S90 eels Soncemorumpls 2 yesee b+ ks Sa Ry bees 6 be TS PR ee os 394 Sop 25.9, BungeanavPenz) i. <6. es. a: Si eee eh oh ee a 0) wh es ete ., 395 eOse S25. media(l:) Cynic). Rat. PY ERP RE ee ae eh wl » - 395 Sodan AS meclectaiWeihes:. Si jick) oe kaw see Se: eR LOM: < 396 3905-0) 5: 'S. pallida (Dumort.) Piré 0. 0.026 ee an 6 eh in RIE 397 SIOG sw 65, Sidichotomailise i <0 Ss secels ep Sn ah) oh ots Ge oe ay RGR REERE, GR LES 397 3907. 7.S, karatavica (Lipsch.) Schischk.. . ..-. 2.2... - 0 2s eee eee 398 3908. 8.S. amblyosepala Schrenk. . . 2... 12 2 ee ee ee et ee es 398 3909. 9.S. turkestanica Schischk.. . 2... 1 2 ee ee eee ew tt th ee es 401 3910. 10.S.holosteaL.. ....... IRA PEt Can We ese: pe YEE Re APN Ip Soe DOE ae ete 402 SOIT: VII. S. crassifolia cEbrhio eee deiendi vom bmichessn dy Merve ani oh eae 403 391250 12: S:.. humifusamRotthcs. 6) see ne se hte pen enits, (8 402 3913. 13. S. Winkleri (Briq.) Schischk.. . 2... 2 2 2 ee ee ee ee eee 403 3914514) Svebracteatawiom its... Hise ee 5 op 6) 8) hill ete wie” o ehgvepMee aicass vecaet We 404 3915. 15.S. calycantha (Ldb.) Bong... 2-2 2 2 0 ee ee ee ee tt wt 404 Ngo SD ELAMINEA sci e 65Me Fs a ei Nie ba hn ok 3) whe wk ao tis a, rapigue RS Ol gall ws 404 Baoan id 5. jaluanat Nala <=. ooo ae 0 aw sgt be edema We tne Was ee - 405 3918. 18.S.b achypetala Bge. .. . 2-22. 2 ee wees erie ism ecikcavive 405 Sates, $9) S-ambricatagBge: hs 8S hoe. rsa 0 vc ais ue ya ehh eg wm uedeey <° ee eee e's 406 3920. 20.S. palustris Ehrh. .........-.. Ci ee Nes Tip aise eae 406 XX1 3921. 3922. 3923. 3924. 3925. 3926. 3927. 3928. 3929. 3930. 3931. 3932. 3933. 3934. 3935. 3936. 3937. 3938. 3939. 3940. 3941. 3942. 3943. 3944. 3945. 3946. 3950. 3951. 3952. 3953. 3954. 3955. 3956. 3957. 47. 49. AN & OW tS = YPANNNANNANNNNANANNNDNN S. S. . K. silvatica Maxim. . K. rigida Kom lsponica orshe tf hs oes So Soa uarit We te ener . K. Davidi Franch Fupestris liuncz.fedy. Fbal. acre meme sateen’ er Maximowicziana Franch. et Sav. . .......-+2-42.2-. . K. akg » Ke . M. aquaticum (L.) Fries Persica BOlss sine Gui eee hen ice oy ye te coe fontanatM> SPOp. a. ustiele tates Hele es oe TR eee ee hebecalyx? Fenzl. Mota ea ae ea es ey ee discolor MUreZo. <2 Wyte tie we ea « Se umbellata Turcz. . . IFPAGUA MB SEN cmt ae A! Laren gh ec OR Peis ae ee a alsine’\Grimm:: - Mae. as GRA RR ASTOR TP eee, anagalloidesC.A.M....... . Asse ce No ce Ln suas aa eh We wo Wie city tM ts, Ra alt Pa Cale! eile wn FenziineR elt coals) PA A Oe iS rs peduncularis Bge.. . - 2. ee ee soongorica Roshev. . . . - 2... 265 ss se ee ciliatosepala Trautv.. . . 2.6 2-1 ee ee eee Edwardsiihwbrisn sitar cotta eae eee, Se relay ar cede eles dahuricaWalGs.cee teres chee oe ee ene eats ens LaxmannitPische: . > 6°. Bah ae Sie ene... Tuscifola (Pall eis. el oe as Ree tg adh sole ge eh al sa) So ae Eschscholtziana Fenzl... .. 1... eee te ee ischeriana-Ser: fre 3 eso ae 2 8 aoe 2 ad oS So Bee arctica iochischkes@ c90 scr mam ase eae ee tena we en ies Section 2. Fimbripetalum Turcz. MOP ACLANIS Hic terse Veniiu seeps Te NESE FS eee Sd ise den Pee ets Section 3. Adenonema (Bge.) Fenzl Peerage al Desc Wire et ete fein yer ainiel rena ain we Le” (o> demo: im, a iad ace Cherleriae (Fisch.) Williams ..........-2--- sibirica (Rgl. et Til.) Schischk. . . . . 2. +++ see dicranoides Fenzl... 2.5 22 1 ee ee eee eee Section 4. Leucostemma (Benth.) Fenzl Martianovit Kryl.. 9. 2s 2 2 bo ss ek ye os ates SR Section 5. Oligosperma Boiss. Kotschyane.Fenzl) .- 40s acs 46 6 eee 8 ee ee schugnanica,Schischk. . 9... s - 0 «-. « & © Getic lo tnPn Lo tmaime ae Alexeenkoana Schischk. . . . . 2... 0° se ee ee Section 6. Pseudalsine Boiss. alsinoides Boiss. et Buhse . . .-... . 6 2. 2 es ee ee Genus 462. Krascheninnikowia Turcz. Genus 463. Malachium Fries. XXll a fener fe oe er (st) le i@ioter ce! ce weg se: eee a aie ue fe shL phere Ve) oun en ued es iat Mey es tert ue lel, ole tecetel Biel) Lei ce. Bi) et ee len Oh tee ie) tej ce;' 10) Le CHO)! fe fer ™ ie) er fue! a ef ie, en fe ne 20 et Sayers. me, so» 28 tel ele re oO Seca! ce) ian pie .- 8 © © 8B 6 - 8s © © e@ « oe eh, ee es) ae ee e8©« © © © »« 8 fey Mey) er el) ie 407 421 422 422 422 423 424 425 425 426 426 429 430 3958. 3959. 3960. 3961. 3962. 3963. 3964. 3965. 3966. 3967. 3968. 3969. 3970. 3971. 3972. 3973. 3974. 3975. 3976. 3977 3978. 3979. 3980. 3981. 3982. 3983. 3984. 3985. 3986. 3987. 3988. 3989. 3990, 3991. 3992. 3993. 3994. 3995. 3996. 3997. 3998. 3999. Genus 464. Cerastium L. Toapoa 1. Dichodon (Bartl.) Fenzl ferteaicerastoides (Us) Britt. co skort ee eo a! bbe Soden neuateh’ cs 2a oanomalum: Waldst etait cv ics ca elie) cate Ge ot a ue bieeettion boderomie Subgenus 2. Eucerastium (Boiss.) Pax Section 1. Strephodon Ser. PEea PAMICIORUM SECU. Tiss oo el seo pee ene ey ayia, © Se Ameetaicatunn Dees 72 ot), fel aokekte ike ibseeee ke ee ate ee SC MMAXIMUM ery eo chee es ee) Se arate Lee ey See eo Se ceca acmectuyel Ba Sve andulstolium’ Som et Lev. |. hay oS ee Gi he Wee dichospermirGuum PISCH. «20 3 ie as 2 8 ei He OP suned cont oeume’ te SeCokasbekoParroti seh houes Wee eke eked ah Wel ae heats Ser LEE KIRN ea OmCamultilorumeG A. Miu = 2, id hace, We) GSH cs ss ee eee ela HUG. imicrospermumyG. A. Mee. joy ooo ee OS dee dls be wy glee ss Sele Gtarmeniacuim Gren isi &, oy YG te hk omy MBO RY Te) Vee ryay Viel en (0)| ee uae a Te) sar sey fe oe oF lot 0 Fo pte iy teetaiet, ek Saretrer el Piet ee he Section 6. Alsinanthe Fenzl 33. M. stricta (Sw.) Hiern... ...... a z= . elegans (Cham. et Schlecht.) Schischk. . . . ..-.-. 2... e ee . pusilla Schischk. . . . ...... Oy. Oe ie ce: ie ie) Oe Oe ey ee: see le |e Section 7.Spectabiles Fenzl . caucasica (Ad.) imbricata (M. B . rhodocalyx (Alb > zZZEEEEE= - aizoides (Boiss.) Bornm.. . ... . Matthies ce oe cs aes . laricina (L.) Mattf. . . 2... 1... macrocarpa (Pursh) Ostenf. . .. . SE WOroney acer, 20. 02 2) Woron, <<... Brotherana (Trautv.) Woron.. . . . arcticas(otev-) Aschiet Gr.’ 204) 8° aoa i ies ce as verpay ene) eulogy - biflora (L.) Schinz et Thell. . . . . eh ce heh wt a a:% ooh conics Meiig? 116k ae: Wien en ie ©. Tel Selpes Weise he) (Ore ele a) es el wie ete ete: ie le) De gue ej ian eel whee auous ee sel ee fel ie eo uel, eng ie) en fe! | ce) enue. e 8 e@ + © © © © 8© @ @© e 28 © @ @ Genus 471. Ammodenia Patrin 1. A. peploides (L.) Rupr. . ...... Genus 472. Arenaria L Subgenus * 1. A. dianthoides Sm. ..... ~~... XXV oS te bys Veter es 6 @ 8, © (8 2 8 8 fe Eremogone Fenzl le, “ee! Use lee 6 ee, @ oe ce le oe bel tes! eo eee Oe |e 8 fe ee Ow ele 492 492 493 493 494 494 495 495 495 496 499 499 500 501 501 502 502 503 503 504 505 506 506 507 508 508 509 509 313 513 514 514 515 515 516 517 520 521 AVI 2h 3S. Acrigidar Me Be ct. 328s os ce is Se Lee Ye Ze oe amen RE eer ae 521 4073. 4. A.holosteaM.B......... (ie Stn Beek ee Bae 522 a ey VALS ZOvItsil DOISSa cess fe. ete = as vie ace: + esate “Siac evaa einem merece ie 522 4074. 6. A. macrantha Schischk. .. .. 2... 1 ee ee ee ee ee 522 AQT. VAS WorinianalisGhs se sip hs fs ce iegin ey ous os ose ae, Bae ae 525 A4076>: 8.°A. graminifolia’Schrad: © .-.<.0..5. 2. \.+- sdanonls “meee? Pepe 525 AN jie 9 ASpolaris Schisehky.. f..0: (sf. f6 §6 bs fore es >» celle ee 526 AQT Bm 10: Ay gramineasCaAs Me. 0s io kas kceas cos p< ve aieio Bilreeeee ae 526 AD79 Mell Al Steveniana Boiss. . 0-0... feces ee sk ches oo . aS’ sen ee eaeer mee 527 A0SOXE. 12 Av asiatica “Schischks -y. 25 (4g. f= Se geese ps + aagellhs: beget EAL) ge oe 527 A0Siea 1S. Aslongifolia Ma Biot, + Pek be eta cc) telecine) aoe ae 527 OGD AAS CY DSOPNIOIGES ie, Seetire, octal Here Yee ta tn Be gallo Us fe (0s Hagia om oe Wels, ea eI 528 AQIS MsvAccucubaloides Smiths ie a cue ee ee eS ee ce soa cin eee 528 A0S4°R 16: Az juneea-M. Be ct 8 tees 8 ds MEE ARI? Ging ie enna 529 AQSSsli7pAutonmosa Fischt tc! cena ee ob meena el eM isa Saheb aw ls a ee 529 ADSGs OS WAM velmideasMeMBs Choc. he ce ey) geuke ye) ce be: ye me ek yew comaybics “aging see elas 530 ANS ie wAweapillarisnhoirnmiie «980. ass see wer ee tu er eee ee ae tie re 530 HOsseresOwAsimongolicatsehischikc, 2.5.0.0. Wats pbs sete ee re, 2 eee 531 HOGG anole wAMMegeriabenz Geta. Geta tac eye ates teres ue nae wre oF eee oe, Cakes 531 ANNs 22 wAtcchuktschorum Ral) "205 tea ee ee ee oe ee ee 532 ANGinw23.;Aeterganica Schischics a7.) Ma a ees tere 6 ee ea hee a ames 532 Adem 2 Ae nitinioniselaltws Mat st shah Mk he ha oh he eee Mee, a stom meine ome 535 D4 Amedehouriana benz! %. 0. fats eles Me eee ee ee ie he eh a) on ties 535 AVISee 26aAe be aulsentichie Winkler Acta aa ea he tM ete ce et ent eae 535, AQ Aenea dae Nee GNIS PIRI EOISS: maiisasres Ra bs de one be hey Medes Ne be euys uml ae! 64! cheb tea aang 535 Subgenus 2. Monogone (Maxim.) Schischk. AQ95% 28.,A; Potaninit Sehischk:. .. 4. -. «... , «, «, 0. «, +. epemibie, aetinupleneae 6) cite 535 Subgenus 3. Euthalia Fenzl 4096. 29. A. humifusa (Swartz) Whib. . . 2... 6 6 6 ee eee ee ew te 537 4097. 30. A. pseudofrigida (Ostenf. et Dahl) Juz. . - ...--. + 2-2 ee eee. ae Sn 4098. 31. A. Redowskii Cham. et Schlecht. . . . 2... 2 - - 1 w e e e ete es 538 4099: 32; Avrotundifolia MiB. Se BOIP ERTS BOIS 6 kee eae 538 4100. 33. A. turkestanica Schischk. . 2... 2 1 2 6 ee ee ee ew tet te 538 ATOM S45,Av serpyllifolia Lc) .sel., le. 6g ele ae fo <, =) AUR Cee Ramee ane 539 4102. 35. A. leptoclados Guss. 2. «6 662 son eo ee ee Well alee cal ole 539 Genus 473. Moehringia L. AOS, 2leMatrinervia (Le) aClainvied. Stes, sy. jo ce 8! cape yin eulielmin sot. 9) osigatie eMiapiee 540 ALO4 W2aMinlaterifloral(le)iRenzlit,. 2 026) /<) a) a pela a same va rgie gl ach Stee bei reacio 0 oes 541 AtOsuu #3) Mvelongata) Schisehie: Went) «6s, 6.8) ole uk egies ius Mele, ehuch ble 541 AN06:) -4°M: ombrosa (Bge:) Fenzl. 2). 6) «veil. es ree ae ene el > ae 542 Genus 474. Merckia Fisch. 4107. 1.M. physodes (DC.) Fisch... .. . ahead pas ta ast Bein ioe ate athe Os ROMS ate ate 545 Genus 475. Thylacospermum Fenzl 4108. 1. T. caespitosum (Camb.) Schischk. . . . 2. - 6 - ) ee ee te eee 546 XXV1 Tribe 2. SCLERANTHEAE VIERH. Genus 476. Scleranthus L. Subgenus Euscleranthus Pax. Sino Me lO perenuiS Gs. s. ci ss 2shwues eReWoaeth NS. ayer Tk Marte ea aos 547 All Ome eS annuus Us 2 stu whee MS eo ke ee eh ee wha es Se ae ee eee 547 PUINPIIES 9 DOLYCANDUS Lac fe. [clay ete, See, ye) ops) pule® Gal ce Belvidere DRT alte 548 Rt eee 25. uncinatus SCAU. <6: i ec ocby-t cise dod bk Se ord iorretiattes b- %.080 2s 548 Subfamily 2. Paronychioideae Vierh. Tribe 1. SPERGULEAE VIERH. Genus 477. Spergula L. eens. Vuloaris’ Goenningh.. <.-.05%s 6) os soe oe ws a atl ge we ene 8 551 Sie? S.ssativa Goenningh. - 1. smite Seine et RP AN nti a! ae wee 551 ENS Posmaximia Weihel ss aint el seh eed & hele te CREM liso ss 552 AN GMA eS elinicolavBOreall hee" co wee ete os vee @ De tuale aul» Raceeted auc cute. Us 552 Miid. ) 9.5. vernalis Willd: °. 6. 2 1 en ee SOU LM EE i), Sheeran Prctea le 555 nS MEDS Mpentandra tl! eo cM aie dain hoa SR eisai De ols ee ke 555 Genus 478. Spergularia (Pers.) J. et C. Presl orice samarginata(G.) KItic oP." ims! sige sce pe hs) ee fe es el ss 557 eyes. ciandra (Guss:))reldr: et Sart... 2 8 el i ee 557 Bivie. 3.°0-campestris (L.)iAscherss oT ee es - 558 Mises 5 ssalina.|:iet GC. Press. 60.0% "45s 8 EE ORO OR SG oe 561 Genus 479. Alsine L. PPMP REO EEAIIG Lance i ee al Gi ve res ce Woe whee, ee Oe pine, ee as 562 Tribe 2. TELEFIEAE DC. Genus 480. Telefium L. iota al sorientale Boiss... 2s 4.c1de Sb. aon ole mee a NS ORE wh 5 oe ee 563 Mpeg 2 tl roligospermumy Steud. 53.7. pen 2 got se: cia sip acby deo: fe CED SRNRD, we 6k eave ose 563 Tribe 3. POLYCARPEAE DC. Pog 481. Polycarpon Loeffl. aoe tb: tetrapnyllumL. 0 ose 6) 8 ew ww fee in) in See MONCTON Ie eee, 564 Tribe 4. PARONYCHIEAE PAX. Genus 482. Paronychia Adans. Section 1. Eunychia DC. Meio. L. P. cephalotes (M:B;) Bess. 5 2 3 5 fe ee ee ee esis te 565 Re 2s ke Kurdica Bossa ois) se oka tok 2 tke oe ee STAR Bo WR), oh aiden de eta ss 556 Genus 483, Herniaria L. Section 1. Euherniaria Williams Ue Om pmelcsclolalrniie: 5 ees a Me ie ae a a. ea ae! a ao plat uraee MRSS ly 567 Ai SONp ie. bi NCAUCaSIcn RUPE et isc! e's eS we “ie jem ue vee eRltates eT 567 eS leemonrLeincana Kean’ hie 8 ee eal a ee ok) ve ke ae asl ow so GED owed RR 568 EM Dem; SEA AEPSUPA OL. Pee te ie og ai Nig ie Mm. Swale Meera Ue he Se on ley to RRs, RO OS US 571 XXVil Section 2. Paronycbiella Williams A133... 5, He polygama (Gay 6005) Sees Se the oe ae utc ete Gis 571 Tribe 5. PTERANTHEAE ENDL. Genus 484. Pieranthus Forsk. 4134. 1. P. dichotomus Forsk. . 1. 2 0 2 8 ee ee eee he ee tt ew 572 Subfamily 3. Silenoideae A. Br. Tribe 1. LYCHNIDEAE A. Br. Genus 485. Agrostemma L. AIS) Wh Ae cithagoilant Sci lecice © cern sues ee eae Ms ee eh oii loll carn 575 AY3Go. 12) Ac linieolawlerech: 4. @ <. costs ee ee ee tat le ee A el NG a 575 Genus 486. Viscaria Roehl. Section 1. Euviscaria Nyman 4137. 1. V. viscosa (Scop.) Aschers.. . . + 2 2 ee ee ee ee et tee eee 576 Section 2. Liponeurum Nyman ASG. 224, alpina (Ls)iG.; Dona swage 9 oo aie ae US cols) anal a aie a) fot ate 577 Genus 487. Silene L. Subgenus 1. Behen (Moench) Bge. 413955 1.9. latifolia (Miull.), Rendle ct Brit: ... .... 1. « «= « okie eds 2 eetae 596 ATAU ioe SeicommitatayGusss. cis eee klos, SHIA Gta any cetera Sisco eats eMC MRCS 597 AVAT 2 35S iunifloraskoths. o.ci cel Goch, UES Sipe es Ose okies Wage ene 597 AND A.) CRCFENDRUMG? » oe (Sie! obi Say tartans oe os ox)! ee wb aie pee emt 598 414355. Saprocumbens Murr GS) 202o: 6 > oo LM Ce al aie ce dec 601 SAAS) 16S Seaniultifican( Aid.) Rohr; saucy sxe, xsbeorh sommes de peletaceuns: @ =. se a eo a one 601 RIGS: Gran aceras (Stevi) SOUMISs, .6 65 cg, smd ich velgegiia, Core es Sse oo a oe bine has one 602 Subgenus 2. Eusilene (Rohrb.) Pax Section 1. Odontopetalae Schischk. ATAG 76S Morera SCHISCHE. y Cn eee oF tt pe St a hws cna AB te Wa 603 | a1Agey Sir oturcomeanica SCHISChks ee hee ee es te cat ah ae at a a 603 4148) 10):S}:samarkandensis'Preobr. st. PHS ye ea 604 4T49 oe Ute Soconformifolia Preobre’ is\s-0 ze) whe we a ee ea ae OS 604 AlSOs': 125 SeMichelsoniPreobresi.* oleh 0a le ee oe ee 605 41ST, 13: Shadenopetala HY Rae c# ee AL PO ee 605 4152)" 14. S. Raddeana: Trautv.:. < aashh. hada aa Rube Se a ee 605 4153." 15. Suphysdcalyx Lab. siaicep amt 2 me io! Got a ere ie 606 = Os Ovartwinensig, SChischks Yee cis click be’ Salant tee See Be ea ee 606 ANS rete AS sy aRCALOOISSral eu ae Pc) (asd hale teas EOE coh Raat Vagal 609 AISo¢ Ld. Ss; commelinifolia, Boiss: «<4. -) se co ee ee gy a a er aoe 609 Section 2 Cinncinnoislene Rohrb 4156.79. \S:dichotoma“Ehrh:. S58 #35240 SB Oe EAE P SRE 6 Oh 610 AtSipmec:.S.abericayMs Bac cle ae ee ee ee ee a ee eee - 610 AVS Sie 21). Sitalyschensist Schiele. ia sx) whe ohh ve kia wy ae we RE ID 611 41590p22_..S. Thirkeana’ ‘Cs, Koch <.. oc se sees. ems eee tl A te oes 611 ALCON 25S. euxina Rupr: shies ate, «Petdusatommen female on oe 612 XXVI1L1 Tete, Sheed ro 1 VS a A ny Oe a eee See oh 2a. S. brachypetala Robvet Cast. . - 2. 2. 3 a RL eae Pai CHEM eles G ai rel ha 1 retct ewe ae Dacia ins is oa, (has le me. ee RD emery, 2 PieswapctalayWilldser ss kk ee he RE A ee Section 3. Com pactae Boiss. POMS COMpAeta USC |e Hit Ah ae IM ee ye a me aR AE elena 2 DOM SHEMET AN si nsk ite cme ae eee NE eo be! “ta ase ve ge Se I ines se Section 4.ChloranthaeRohrb. . B0.S,'chiorantha (Wailld.)’ Bhrhss 0%) = S's eG Oe On Ree Siero multiflora(ehrhe) Perss % 2 6% 6% tw fs OF se RR, REO e Te, a Bore Gawrilowilivrassnarte svete’ te a ta tac ete Po: Tek Se De acl ea aes Me ES 33. S. balchaschensis Schischk.. . . . .- 2.2. 2 ee ee rip ee nie Rach aNe t Sao isucescens SCHISCHK: {6% fe Tete Mf, ee Sa else eR eR Bos lthophilaiKarcet Kir: 6. 5062.5 4 3, % » a a3 We eee Biesotatanica(.)\Persv< 6 65 b % wn uw es fo ek ae eR BIRT S Bye pracmixtaiesr ope: 4/5 oe ee ee ta be fe kG ee RS Bemordarnestanica Rupraits eR A 107..S.-kubanensis;Som.et Lev.is. 6 6 os) 6 6 be 2 8 pe. spree cwneusame ae NUS: Ss turgida MIB: 5. - |. os = je.as\ de oe Geass yes + ES gue ease 109. S. depressa M.B.- ~~... - eee AB ust Oss aki’ cehy eet gaits CaS cok neue ate XXX 4245. 110. S. Grossheimii Schischk. . . .. . 2... 2.2.2.2. 2522 8 ee Nit er 667 4246. 111. S. caucasica (Bge.) Boiss... 2 2. 1. 1 ee et et -. 668 Agageml12.(Sé Matianae Schischk. ~.) 2) sy sh 6 eh ak ew wn i I OS 668 4248. 113. S. incurvifolia Kar. et Kir, . 2. 2. 1 0 1 0 ew ee ee et tt tt - 668 ADAgualt4aS. Schafta Gmelavry een OS ee, a ek 669 4250. 115. S. Kuschakewiczi Rgl. et Schmalh. . . 1... 2.2... ee eee eee 670 4251. 116. S. pamirensis (H. Winkl.) Preobr. . 2. 2. 2 2 1 ee ee ee ee ee 670 4252. 117. S. karaczukuri B. Fedtsch. . . . 1... 2 1 ee ee te ee ee et 671 PO aSsveyeritPenzliteins 6% 6 5 ke ee ee Se Re 671 fest 19-0o. guntensis BD: Fedtsch:” = ..{ ying. 0. Grek ke ee 671 4255. 120. S. araratica Schischk. . . - 2 1 ee ee te eet wt ee we 671 Beopwd2t. S. Korshinskyi Schischk. © 2.003 2S a ok fend ade 673 AD5Te022. S. NevakiiSchischk: =... 8. es eee fe A) Poteet ben mails 3 673 aes. 5. alpicola Schischk, . 2° 5. +, 6, < shekpseel ¥e Fsyiinep ee) ederiielyedasmnen =.) 674 Section 12. Viridiflorae Boiss. Peetemnly feSo viridifioragls., <<) 6 oc skew 8. e le ee eee a eae ieee eet Se 674 ERED ES Me UtAnG) Lc Soc). alate re I site, MOREE Le eae, POP. 5 on: Bo mrebiesima tla 674 Section 13. Italicae Rohrb. Beale oS. tates (L:) Pers...) 6 sas yer so: em ie, Tanto pe eta a Ge aa ay legs 675 Section 14. Holopetalae Schischk. eee lal. O-PSiDinical(is.) ers. Cis. fo ve fe Sa, hue Sonle fo a Ways “es 0 fe Se Sees 676 4263. 128. S. Gebleriana Schrenk. . . . 2... 6 0 se ee ee tt tt tt es 676 Aoi oS nolopetala" Dye. ees ese hn ES RE ih OO ee a ae 677 A265 e0130:;S.\scabrifolia Romer 20 y's Sy olen on ew ew ay oe enw) Se RU 677 4266. 131. S. Komarovii Schischk.. . . 2... 2 6 2 ee ee ee ee et ett 678 4267. 132. S. pseudotenuis Schischk. . . 2. 2... 2 6 eee ee ee ee 678 AP Gee SS. . trajectorum Koms 2 os. '< eo. or ae os eters Lane). een 679 4269. 134. S. Bobrovii Schischk.. . . 2. 2. 10 2 ee et et ew ew ee 679 S270s9035: S. kungessana:B. Fedtsch. -.-. 0.00. oc es es ws wo ee! ete RI 679 4271. 136. S. shugnanica B. Fedtsch. . 2... 52 eee ee ee te ee ee 680 4272. 137. S. obovata Schischk.. . 2. 2... 1 ee wee tt tt tt tt th 680 Section 15. Capitellatae Schischk. 2730130. S.icapitellata Boiss. 6. ¢< 0. vs ok 3 eo alae Lea ay SRE, 681 Section 16. Rigidulae Boiss. AZTA L139! 'S. chaetodonta Boisg. 2... oe ok a a de Je ve veel Lamed ee, 681 a2is 1 40:\S, arenosa GC. Kocly sje ies opus he os 1s ER, CR, eS eee 682 Section 17. Saponarioideae Boiss. 4276. 141. S. nana Kar. et Kir... .....--- ee ee ae eee eee OM sy c 682 Subgenus 3. Otites (Adans) Schischk. 4277. 142.S. wolgensis (Willd.) Bess... 2 1 2 ee ee ee ee ee ee et ee 685 ADVIS MIASCS. densiflora D'Urv.:. 6 S06 5 8 re ae ee as sh tee ey ohana 686 4279. 144. S. pseud-otites Bess, . . 2. 2-6 2 ee ee ee ee et ee et 686 4280. 145. S. baschkirorum Janisch. . . . 2. 2 6-2 ee ee ee ee ee ee es 687 Asienl4GyS. polaris Wleops 9.02 SOc kee ala a 6 Se agitate at Spel lahat ollfle 687 4282. 147. S. Hellmamnii Claus . . . ......-.-.-. 9 TG aad Migr a aut SiG 688 XXX1 Aaa e148 Sh@eriSehicchke eG Ska fs de. ete oe ajesishets ints deat 2 688 4284149. 5S. parviflora(Ebrb.) Pers. |... -. =. «: >, > se. «. sal fee) See 689 4285150: S: media (Litwa)Kleop. - -. s,s, oi» «s+, «i's, = Sheen eee ue 689 Subgenus 4. Conosilene (Rohrb.) Williams. ADSGH USI. ConicayLsccus) 14) Pdi blaelec ee ne ey a) acs RD, Tor RE Re eee 690 A2RT152-:S. coneidea Teli eo ak es oe on et wt ee tS COW, eee . 690 A288, 153.:S. coniflora!NoEsenbin fii... 2. =) 2. ee tke os . eR SE 691 Genus 483. Lychnis L. 4780S 2 As ajanensiwRelwieee hot ct ws ot et Sh xt ta 3 2 PR Re 693 A2FOM DLs Sibiviea test taf se Ah Art at iat Sh 3 te 693 42915 . SL; villosula:(Trautv-) ‘Gorschic, * 2) 840) 8. po 2 Oe Noe 694 4292. 4.L. samojedorum (Sambuk) Gorschk. . ...-..-.- 2. +... -.-- 694 9s. 7 5.-L: Wilfordn(ReliMaxim: 2.2 2 oe eek ee oe ee ee 695 : Aeo4) Be. e. copnate Maxi... ee ek me ee ee. we aya ae 695 : S952 14k falvens! Fisch. iN s 4 tate he eek ee, ee ata eho ee Ee 696 Asie SV chaleedonicaslks* 5 ee et hn ah Meet ot teh tat” SOM a 696 Genus 489. Coronaria L. 4297. 1.C. eoriacea (Moench) Schischk. . . ..- 2.2. .----.2.-0--. 699 A298. £2; flosieuculin(i) As Brame 60 500.4 > at @ eS Re tees Se SS 700 Genus 490. Melandrium Roehl. Subgenus 1. Elisanthe (Fenzl) Schischk. 4299. 1.M. ovalifolium Rgl ..-......... en bey sn oe oA: EP pe 704 4300. 2. M. Fedtschenkoanum (Preobr.) Schischk. . . . - 2... 0 2. eee 705 4301 ..3..M: adencphorum Schischk.. .. .. 2 <. 25.0... ~. = obienieden.. seeing 6 705 4302. 4. M. ferganicum (Preobr.) Schischk. . . . . 2... 2 ee ee eee 706 4303.. 5.M. erubescens Schischk. ....-.....--.-- Eotsi lant, bear acoe ee ie 706 43044 .6; Mo rumarum M, Pop. ys, =. -. 2. 2. 00s) sine eke» tes A senenepeonse 709 4305. 7. M. Akinfievii (Schmalh.) Schischk.. . . 2... 2 5-0 es eee 709 4306. 8. M. sachalinense (E. Schmidt) Schischk. . . .....-. 22-20. 710 A807. "S2Mi: viscosum (L.) @elsitet. 23) thas cc ka aee. Been. 2. eo 4308. 10. M. quadrilobum (Turcz.) Schischk.. . . 2... 1. eee ee eee 711 4309. 11. M. suaveolens (Kar. et Kir.) Schischk. . . .. . ..- 22-2? 4c: ae SSO. AZM npctiflorum (Lay Eries sa, bo. ge os, Sie a ee 5p) oe wy WY 18 sy le ae 712 431. 13. M.-Olgac Maxim, (is Ges BRIO MERI OF SEI Ce sk es 712 43125 14. M. apricum, (Turez.) Robrb.,........0< is .s + «+ os .» seed etenBotneds x 713 4313. 15. M. firmum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Rohrb.. . . ..- 2... - 2 ee ae 2 AS Subgenus 2. Castrolychnis (Fenzl) Schischk. 43514-> 16: Mi: Jongicarpophoranit Kom: "3 2's". “2 of) tee ee Ao or ee en oe aes 714 4515. s17.M. SoczavianumiSehischle: oc, 3: siys\p'sh,~spna aoe “Si gaSd wpe waewrey se eka 715 4316. 18. M. sordidum (Kar. et. Kir)Rohrb.. .. . 2.2... - 22+ ee ee eee 715 45 b7. 19M: triste (Byre.) Fenzit,’ 2" 0.6% a la atate tae = Doe ft eee eee ee 715 431h-" 20: M:iapetalon(lz)oKenzis .° 2) '.,°. 6.55.7. a To tals, ‘see ee ee te 716 45 tie 2h Ms atfines | aMablir ws thet «ss Tate ta te ets ato ee oe tae 719 4320. 22. M. angustiflorum (Rupr.) Walp... ..--.-.--.-+-+++-+---ee 720 4571)" 232M tenellum A. Tolmi 5°. os Sy a ee tae ee ee bie 721 4322. 24.M. gracile A. Tolm. ..........- Fa as *.: Ns, RAS. 721 5402 XXXll Paeses CoA Me telMmyrensey A. MOMS oss). 0 eT ect tee ane Me nee ee OR ik 721 4324. 26.M. brachypetalum (Horn.) Fenzl. . .. 2... ....2..,2-2--2226- 722 Aa2o."21--M. baicalense’ (Suk): A. Tolm. <9.) .: 2) 0) et eh EE PO 723 Asto-0- 26M. saratile (Turcz)iA5 Bre pit fre), one fh ohio) at ot SEE PR PR 723 Subgenus 3. Eumelandrium (A. Br.) Schisehk 4327. 29. M. silvestre (Schkuhr) Roehl... .........- TAM Hike SAU otal 72A A323. 30. 4Me Balansae Boisss sfc) ef een ale eh ak a Re wh eM arias SO RRR See 724 sees) Me album (Mill.)\Gareke 2) s 0002) sh nS) oh oe my RR BOE HE 725 e330 32.0M- Boissier: Schischke. 26.2 07 1.7130 2 o8 i Pl nn OS FOOT ey 725 Aoi 33. M: astrachanicum Paez, = 2) 6) oh eee h ee eee ea ES AIM 726 Genus 491. Petrocoma Rupr. 4332. 1. P. Hoefftiana (Fisch.) Rupr. ...-....2.... Meme TAP ROR OR, 2 729 Genus 492. Cucubalus L. AS Sue NC baccifer tks se: Fe he ka bee Nal ora ae ee Meg he ee eas MMS BWR 5] 729 Tribe 2. DIANTHEAE PAX Genus 493. Gypsophila L. Subgenus 1. Re kejeka (Forsk.) Graebn. Section 1. Heterochroa (Bge.) Schischk. 4334. 1.G. glandulosa (Boiss.) Walp... ........-+-. of chsmmceeeade es 738 4335. 2.G.violacea (Ldb.) Fenzl... . 2.2... - 1) eee s ee Lbebe te Le 739 £5363, 3: G. sericea(Ser:) Fenzl... 2 6 sj ee ee ye ee ee eee aye Fo 739 4337. 4.G. desertorum (Bge.)Fenzl. 2... 0 6 6 1 eee ee ee et ee 740 4338. 5.G. microphylla (Schrenk) Fenzl . - ~~... - +2 2s e eee eee 740 4339), (6. G. turkestanica Schischk, . . 2. - 3 9+ © deilnwien @) peduivenle ge viene te Se 743 asigee ig. G. hermarioides Boiss), - |... + 5 <6 05s 0+ Je ose 18's alabetd® tei dues fe 28 743 ates. G. Antoninae Sehschk. vos es ss ss mes ie sigue adhere ducgee 744 Section 2. Pulvinares Boiss. RGA aes Goeretioides Boiss: 4s. 5 es 6 se ee ek Sw oe Ted whe 744 4343. 10.G.imbricata Rupr... . ... 2 2 2 ee ee eee EE Wetgatiray Ranney e 745 Section 3. Capitatae Boiss. Areal Gxcapitata Neb. sss ss ee Ye eee ee Ye ahaa elles To 745 A345) 12! G: glomerata Pallin e404 w as 2 as) Sota ee RAs laren a 746 4346,..13. G. globulosa, Stev.. . - - 6. 605 ee es ee ew eee ehiahuecch toads) Gs 746 — *14.G. cappadocica Boiss. . 2... - ee ee ee te ee es ge et auiiel ni ee Je 747 Section 4. Eugy psophila Boiss. 4347. 15. G. fastigitataL.. .. ........2. Saas Nema abanclls it Nagel Marea |) AAR GG incramicasWleOpay) 65. uerge sy 8 Le eS mess) es, aeuingie. cae aege rin: as 748 RIAN ly AG dichotamalBesgs 6) kos eerie! wi cer Se es le) a el me ere as ae, 748 435058 18)(G paniculata Laie) 3) poh ah as yey © nee unig i RE iiss orescence shu = 749 4351. 19.G. bicolor Freyn et Sint... . .... Mt VII os use eget eh lalate 749 Aaa Go altiesimanl tek Wis fcmiee Go eek s s eS. eSepusges cee ose ae ae 750 4353. 21.G. tianschanicaM. Pop. ... ~~... 2s eee eee See iy atee gels 750 3542). Gs Litwinowies:-Polies 6 = Ss boss wes ae ges ew Sues oe 751 4355. 23. G. Krascheninnikovii Schischk. . . ... .~ S Dota Nec hemier ominecc eicare ee taal ie 751 XXXIli 4356. 24. — *25. 4357. 26. 4358. 27. 4359. 28. 4360. 29. 4361. 30. — *3l. 4362. 32. 4363. 33. 4364, 34. 4365. 35. 4366. 36. 4367. 37. 4368. 38. 4369. 39. 4370. 40. 4371. 41. 4372. 42. 4373. 43. 4374. 44. 4375. 45. 4376. 46. 4377. 47. 4378. 48. 4379. 49. 4380. 50. 4381. 51. 4382. 52. 4383. 53. w A: 4384. 55. 4385. 56. 4386. 57. 4387. 58. 4388. 59. 4389. 60. 4390, 61. 4391. 62. 4392. 63. 4393. 64. 4394. 65. 4395. 66. * 67. G. cephalotes (Schrenk) Will... 2. 2 ©. 6 2 ee ee ee es GsimulatrixiBornm. et Woron:. : - «. < Ginny tenjeiht opie ieee G-ralbideiSchisehikehy s Weed «ss, 5 ws, 5s ate oe at aed alee ates Godiffusa Fisch etiMey. . << is 1s) 0 = ss 2+ BS Aaa Re htenay ale are gee Gpicta"Bolss! © 2 etd ene fe a fete Po te en te Sem Ree eens Cos XXXIV Subgenus 4. Hagenia (Moench) ABE BsonGs: G. porrigens (L.) Fenzl . 6. = + es fe ek hie eile) eke sy oe 776 Genus 494, Tunica (Hall.) Scop. Baad le Nevsaxtfragan(esyiScOps sce) .n 6) 5, 6a! jeje» sar’s’ omega aout en ora 2 777 4398. 2. T. stricta (Bge.) Fisch. et Mey. . . 2 6 6 2 sc we te ee ws 778 4399, 3. T. pachygona Fisch. et Mey. .- 2... 22 - eee eee te eee 778 Genus 495. Kohlrauschia Kunth. AAgOme le Ke Mproliferat(i.) Kunth’. ©)" °c Mee ee ee Be, ke 719 Genus 496. Acanthophyllum C. A. M. Tlogpog 1. Euacantophyllum (Boiss.) Schischk. Cexunz 1. Oligosperma Schischk. Aline 1a/Atequarrosum) Boiss) <5 judy 6 3 2 a As © isegads So we ee es 783 4402. 2.A. pungens (Bge.) Boiss... ......-. Be ce Re AR een Re 784 4403. 3.A. lilacinum Schischk. .. 2... 2... Bieeiwecuinanier atten cst oan ate 787 AAgewr 4A albidum Schischk. «0.0.05 0.0802 6 eee ee ew 787 A405... 5. A. subglabrum Schischk. ... . ..- - 602 ee @ me et wt es 787 4406. 6. A.tenuifolium Schischk. . . . 2 2... 0] ee ee ee le 788 AAQj 7: A. stenostegiim Freyn: |. . 3. 8 ek ee ee 788 4408. 8. A. turcomanicum Schischk...........26-. Sypris el leh ahaa 789 PeGOME SOAR umieSchischis 22k kg cS ee Fe Sear 789 4410. 10. A.adenophorum Freyn ...- 2.2.2 2s ee eee ee ee eee 789 4411. 11. A. Krascheninnikovii Schischk. . . 2... 2 2007 1 ee ee ee 790 4412. 12. A. brevibracteatum Lipsky . . . - - 002. ee eee fe ee te es 790 4413. 13. A. aculeatum Schischk. . . 2.2.22 - - 8 te e eee eee ee 791 Asi4e 4. A-sacerosum Sosn:) * 3" = 9. «ss ee ew te ee se ee ewe 791 AASae15. A. spulchrum Schischk. % . 9. 2. 3 6 0. 2 8 eas i ee ee 791 AA Gee 1G A relatiust Boe: './ 5's. 20% fo fe Te es To le ee eS ey tee olsen we a 6 792 AAT pam. A. ABorsezowil LAtw..'s fe fs fe Ts Ja “eee a eee a Ue Tao Me See eee, venie, tele 792 Subgenus 2. Turbinaria Boiss. 4418. 18. A. mucronatum C. A.M... 2 6 6 2 0 ee ee te te th ee et ws 793 4419. 19. A. microcephalum Boiss... ..- 2. - 2 ee eee ee eee ees 793 Section 3. Pleiosperma Boiss. AAIGwE IO HAC wordidgum, Boe. o's TS edie fe eee eae & eyle umn ere Us sis hs 793 4421. 21. A. glandulosum Bge.. . 2-2 2 6 2 2 eee ee ee eee 794 4422. 22. A. Knorringianum Schischk. ..--- 2-0 2 ee ee eet ee tee 794 4423. 23. A. schugnanicum (Preobr.) Schischk. . . . -- 2 - ++ 2- +s se eee 795 Section 4. Macrostegia Boiss. 4424. 24. A. Korolkowii Rgl. et Schm. . 2. 2. 2 2 2 ee ee ee ee es 795 4425. 25. A.elongatum Preobr. .- 2.2.2. - ees ee ee es eee eee 796 4426. 26. A. serawschanicum Golenk. .....--.-- 222+ +e e+ e+e 2: 796 4427. 27. A. coloratum (Preobr.) Schischk. . . . 2 22-2 2 es se ee ee ee 799 XXXV Subgenus 2. Allochrusa (Bge.) Schischk. Section 1. Versicoloria Schischk. 4428. 28. A. versicolor Fisch. et. Mey. - --- +--+ 22 2 ee eet ee ees 799 4429. 29. A. Bungei (Boiss.) Trautv. ©... / ee ee ee et ee es 800 4430. 30. A. transhyrcanum Preobr. ..-- +--+ - ee eee ee te ete 800 Section 2. Paniculata Golenk. AAS (ee Sts Ae panieulatum Reba. 2) 202 sh oi Bey wh ee es ey et Se Sn ene 800 4432. 32. A. gypsophiloides Rgl.. - - -- -- 2 ee et ee ee ee ee 801 4433. 33. A. tadshikistanicum Schischk.. . . . - 2 2 ee ee et ee te ees 801 Genus 497. Vaccaria Medic. 4434, 1. V. segetalis (Neck.) Garcke . . --- +--+ --- SUN ae at ot at oe eaten 802 Genus 498. Dianthus L. Subgenus 1. Armeriastrum Ser. Section 1. Armerium Williams AaSepe ole WY Sariie rinses ve" ye edie te Senge yw eat ma fom, wae ap a alk a aa ce a 812 AG3G 2. 1): pseudarmeria » (sii. = =) see <2 es * o ilee patel a 812 Section 2. Carthusiani Boiss. A437) 1-3. De capitatus,Balbisi <2 5 = = ie sw ele we 8 nme Badin ce eceeciae Ie 813 4438. 4. D. Andrzejowskianus (Zapal.) Kulez, . . . - - 2 2 ee ee ee eee 813 A439) 5) 1). subulosarreynet Conr. 9.05 60 2 ete is 8 sw ase losie Moe 814 BATE eG NO Part Hus tani OREN bac Sie 1 ap va Eo fo, vs Www) wa Saale eatin totes Pe 814 4441.7. D. RopowieziiKleop:. - << + 6 6 8s = eh pt hae al ow lesen le 817 BAAD Le Tl trie nO EANACENS EXE Ds, (3c, is eo ss 5 Joc co 8) gel ae aol ope 817 4443, 4 9. T). cusponticus Zapal, - = = 2 eee ew laid’ pceichinn fa 818 4444, 10. D. Ruprechtii Schischk. . - - - s+ 2 6 5 20 6 ee ee ee 8 818 4445. 11..D. transcaucasicus Schischk. . - - - ¢ 6 6 © ssp bdun® semyicla ge fe 819 4446. 12. C. calocephalus Boiss. . - . - - + 6 5 + 2 ee 8 ee et ie te ee 819 4447, 13. D. polymorphus M.B. . . . 6 - - / ee et ee ee te ee es 820 BAAST OTA. (i). Barbasil Wand. uetens xe oes ews, 2 ote ae ae ew ce Gyms al 820 AAA VSD barbatusiles. cutee. cs col can So #5) SS ar, ok ome whois pon Sucre! ae 821 Subgenus 2.Caryophyllum Ser. Section 1. Barbulatum Williams AAS dG? Dperensp Wire ohooh bat el nod ee ale as) Ge, lay ai gb jan el ei eR athe 822 4451. 17. D. Raddeanus Vierh. OE Oe et ae Se it Go ee 823 ae DDE chinenstsilesay ira eunsey ho hay eS Ke 1 Bihan eerie ool wal 823 4450" 18-1)! versicolor PisChs sues sissies! ck) niye elver 6) ogee cect Ri ae 824 HA5S) 29" D. RicchereSprenginy: vies eis. 4 iy sie 6 esi git teatte nal ghee ale . 4» oo824 4454. 20. D. Semenovii (Rgl. et Herd.) Vierh. . - . - 2. 2-2 ee. ee ee eee 825 4455-2 le Ds discolorsSmithisyer vers! xe Me Cusey ensie nee wel is pis Soe HES a at ee aa 825 4456;' 222" Ds Kusnezovit; Ves Marcoviczie 2 aeat 2 ice Pais Waliatinbis sie eo ene ee 826 4457... 23. DB: imereticus (Rupr.) Schischk. 2 0. 205 6 es ee es es we st 827 4453) 024... amurensishJacqw «wee © 6 ea te pe PERS PR BOR S ot 827 44595025: D» turkestanicus;Preobr:« @¢.0..4. 2s %0 5 5 6S 4 3 ee 827 446030526. |D. pratensis,M. Bey ca 46 2) een be a See 828 446190127. D. | kubanensis ‘Schischk, = « © & « 6 ARBRE EL Ty eee 828 XXXVI VOUUDUODYOUDUUUUD UUUDDDUNUUDNY VOUS ODDOUDUOUUUUUUY PpUteatuse Bik wacchiee Leth Siberr hale Na te, Mele Be Me Ps; Uae ee MBICOloT AGAMS ae meee a Fas Kia hel ser Beis Hel hela, Me Mehe Ae CAINPESENISHIN Is IS-\hetks) Mu Aah hee Rc Ae Mee Vsti Sate Me ee Garsonabust lok tase cst ee Mla eho de Melk oN OE Frans ANC nae carl ware eee Jen ance eee, a ayia me lay he elatusledbatecurcvite corner lenace sy Cal tance re a hela vec teas Enimemmeiicaprgiaiissie leis Seine le ek ulele. oe que" le asia PBA dULOCUS Serie medicals a mire e Meet tes oes tix oxle he FAMOSISSIMUSH Falls, teens) He eM ell el bene Maths ha Mon Se Sephe 3 Ree RMD UC US AVE MES SA Aaa b> see wits Hla Pia) nce Aint Minis deaS TS eR. ME Pia haat «OS PAUIEALENSISHWOrshel Raise Mevbel \ ceWelakive gains “el gman Hel oah eee PRInghizicuswOchischks, js) 4. jeylle Se) h= fclilalmenlanmatto re vee ai toe PANUITUISY WOU Ge gers cnke a Were keuaie hapmakes As Bate Reka, Jenene Section 2. Leiopetali Boiss. Mlanceolatiis : Stevi teh rom sexe ina i eels teu ee: chimchersiese EE: 0-0 4506. 74. D. macronyx Fenzl . 2... . 2+ 24s 2+ se © +s epestag ties Xe 82 855 4507 15.-Disuperbuss.6 2 6 eet i = fe oe el ono rea 8 ae et 856 A50RS 0 76. Hoeltzeri, Wankls.3y e0-<7 = 60+ eS pe os ee oe ber ee aren emma as 856 4509. 77. D. stenocalyx (Trautv.) Juz... - - eee ee ee 859 Section 4. Verruculosi Boiss. ASO. 78. Decyri Fisch: yp 06 can J S yaadiens ye doeted. Set Sekeonere ea ee 860 Genus 499. Saponaria L. A5llon 1:.S: glutinasaM. Boe eis fa is ys ye leuge ne > sae alee) aie 863 AS 2am 2: Soficmalis Lc, o 0 o's se ui go Par gM oi ger ace ve: oe ue okey to, eee 863 45132% 3..'S; Griffithiana Bors.) oc. 398. Hablitzia M.B. Plants not trailing; flowers fused; fruiting perianth indurated (Tribe RN MME se eM aL Ne ARR ed gis Sau wa we oactilah ayes | 399. Beta L. Perianth of a single segment, only in one species from Pamir of 3 united segments; stamenalwaysl......... 401. Monolepis Schrad. Perianth mostly 5-merous, rarely 3-merous.... 400. Chenopodium L. Hem vertical Ssee.aowever, under 1.on d.eSia) 2% gwen 1 Ne: le EAM Ui MOGiZ OM tle aay cicesau ROL ergs certs aa ieucrmbad's we, aitedearcaier Raa feels s 24. Perianth 4-merous, often with 2 longer lateral lobes, always wingless PENI STGLUS STAI Pa eR ci has. ics lacg Bile Aba eke nt pista ges: Macias ous wh 407. Camphorosma L. PSHE NO TIME TOO UW Sie reo asain ae ee eee he a cris homies Jali ee hares Bae, in Se perta ae. Zar Perianth adnate to fruit, hence the latter apparently hairy; flowers covered with long tangled hairs, resembling cotton balls; seeds mostly NoOLUZONtAL, \SOMLerVCTELCAL foie perianth not readily caducous .).....-..5.. BME: Ses: er onrme cue cliatinets ¢ diidyoyedrtinte ahah 435. Djinia Eug. Kor. Wings subcoriaceous, quite opaque; stigmas subcapitate, on a barely perceptible style. A hispid annual ...429. Horaninowia Fisch. et Mey. Wings scarious, semipellucid; stigmas sometimes not capitate see showever, under Aved tem Par Ulbrich). 0.) rg ev woes weds cenk 44, .. Leaves broad, ovate or orbicular, flat, decurrent; stigmas ovate, SSS SLES Ce ey len eae Meee, degen Oe Ul deren ae 2 427. Aellenia Ulbrich. Leaves always narrow, semiterete; stigmas different from the BIO CL WIC aren ay Ts PMI odin Pence recs sh. nu Sbidks .o tego iaose mp Hen op bes. Pome man aoe eee todieyebls x 45. Ovule and seed occupying only the lower part of ovary and pericarp, respectively. Undershrub densely beset with long acicular leaves ieitcecet Maem) consti x ahi: Miva kk & ane E2@ ix Lowices 428. Rhaphidophyton Iljin. Ovule and seed completely filling the ovary and pericarp ....... 46. Perianth several times as long as broad; branches often spinescent; aU ag MWS VET ERC el Mh 6 ie oc, clas ate drei by Gelanbo indict a sle4d ve Bad) wa Re 426. Noaea Mog. Perianth at most twice as long as broad; branches never spinescent; fetta ache VON) NC RETR E CC les orc. io.) a aaa! ieee) a Weak a ae dae ae ta ad 425. Salsola L. Perianth 5-parted, concealed in a tuft of axillary hairs, one of its segments long-beaked in fruit; stamens 1—5, unappendaged; leaves Small iGMloSe TOGCLRER odie vtovcsuy fm srelnal yer mylematinacyed sewiead vivre 445. Cornulaca Del. None of the perianth segments beaked; anthers always appendiculate... aa LeAnne cater le Tle eRe Se 2 Ophea TAIL MEE Ye RAAT E PME Sy 48. A small compact undershrub with small, sessile, tightly packed leaves; perianth greatly accrescent and becoming inflated in fruit; appendages Of anthers Wnear PITT sisi se hel «cn Te ee oy eh wes a els 437. Nanophyton Less. (13) PLATEI. 1. Seed with annular embryo, Atriplex sphaeromorpha Iljin.— 2. Seed with hippocrepiform embryo, Kochia laniflora (S.G.Gmel.) Borb.— 3. Spiral embryo, Suaeda baccifera Pall.— 4. Spiral embryo, Salsola kali L. (after Ulbrich).— 5. Stamens with bladdery appendage in species of section Physurus Ijin of the genus Salsola L.— 6. Flower in the axil of bracteal leaf bract (a) with two lateral bracteoles (b) in the genus Salsola L.— 7. Pistillate flower without perianth subtended by two large bracteoles (a) in Atriplex sp. (after Ulbrich). — 8. Bracts in section Caroxylon Ijin of the genus Salsola L.— 9. Leaf shape in sectionAnchophyllum Ijin of the genus Salsola L.— 10. Decurrent leaf in section Physurus Djin of the genus Salsola L.— 11. Decurrent leaf in the genus Kalidium Mog.— 12. Jointed serrated hair of Kirilowia eriantha Bge. (after Ulbrich).— 13. Stellate hair of Axyris amarantoides L.— 14. Stellate hair of Eurotia ceratoides C.A.M.— 15. Branched hair of Agriophyllum (after Ulbrich). 12 50. Blt. 1H is Annuals (in USSR flora); fruiting perianth only slightly accrescent, not inflated; appendages of anthers scarious or bladdery........ 49. Number of stamens often unlike that of perianth segments; anther appendages scarious, smooth, 2- or 3-toothed, often coherent; hairs EMAnISES StI pe, 2 LS g NR ers? OOS WO LIAS 438. Petrosimonia Bge. Stamens and perianth segments always 5; anther appendages bladdery, of various shapes, or scarcely inflated and then covered with minute prickles (strong magnification!) ,never coherent; hairs simple... 50. Segments of fruiting perianth completely united in lower part, becoming indurated cartilaginous and acquiring an ampullaceous or broadly leSenitorm SHAPES.) 6 2666s 4 aw w eS 440. Halimocnemis C. A.M. Segments of fruiting perianth not becoming indurated, not united, and noOmacdulicineithe shape indicated above 2.9 Fs Pee ee ee. Sle Bracts (not bracteoles!) opposite or subopposite, connate; leaves terminating in a short conical spinule; anther appendages naked ..... PEP Parra ates Gh Chesley ch area ied) aaa eh. USL ee 444. Gamanthus Bge. Bracts alternate, not connate; leaves terminating in a tuft of jointed bristles; anther appendages with minute prickles as referred to Seta tel en he a0 crete ay he Reale Sr 439. Halocharis Mog. Key to Genera . Trees, shrubs, undershrubs, or perennial herbs .............. 2. Anmnualiorybiennial plants27 7 WLSl Bn 2 IP TO PE a 31. Leaves or scales replacing them and branches opposite up to the SEU Ene et ALO eh ieee ae ot Me fee Brine PL, GE LON SMA. 3. At least the upper leaves, scales, and branches alternate........ 8. Shrub with milky-white ligneous branchlets; leaves succulent, subclavate, the uppermost distinctly tubercled at base. Afghan NEI CISTE os a3 ne Are A Sea a a oP 430. Seidlitzia Bge. Mirenincetromwthe abovevaih 1) Fa AAS Bae aS SMR: . 4, Flowers small, immersed in the fleshy inflorescence axis; leaves obsolete; a characteristic feature consists in a decurrent vertical serial row of buds; segments of fruiting perianth devoid of winglike Cube momsElSieds hoe) et set. Uy 2m Wah ee OR DO OR Lt DR Se a. Ae. 5. Flowers solitary or in groups in the axils of leaves or scales, not immersed in the inflorescence axis; segments of fruiting perianth Withewenelikesoutsnow thst rae eis PA RI ea a, 6. Glabrous plants forming compact hemispherical clumps on salinas, Le takyrs,* and puffic solonchaks mostly almost devoid of other VE CS TATION AD AEE PON Oe (Be See C RGhwIE 419. Halocnemum M. B. Undershrub, not forming such hemispherical clumps, mostly rough with minute tubercles, growing onset solonchaks .. . 418. Halostachys C.A.M. Fruit and seed oriented vertically in relation to the flower axis...... PY TAUPE IES CN oo NISSAN Ss thle RNa Ma ectnaey RO SSO ESE Bi Rg GP ag 433. Anabasis L. Hrutand seed horizontal yisgarisae) ek Ee Re ATL SOS i Low trees or shrubs at least waist-high; leaves obsolete or reduced to pointed scales; wood heavy, sinking in water . . .436. Haloxylon Bge. * [Clay-surfaced desert.] 17 LG: Undershrubs or small shrubs, never more than 70cm high; leaves | terete; offenivery (smal loin ania. writes lia, 2 434. Arthrophytum Schrenk, Trailing sylvatic plants, with deeply cordate leaves. Caucasus....... BO ER ee oh lM cho. RI as Tah WORT aor og Coke Ser 398. Hablitzia M. B. | Plants of steppes, deserts, or coasts; very rarely ruderal plants with erect stems and with leaves differing from the above........... 93 Succulent glabrous plants with obsolescent leaves reduced to a fleshy tubercle or somewhat longer, terete, and decurrent as a fleshy sheath (Plate I, Figure 11); inflorescence spikelike, the small flowers HMIMer SedhiM the axl Smcry ony Uaetinhae team Sides ae 416. Kalidium Mog. © Plantsditferentatromithe above)... ...5-. .s » « + .eoiha eee eee 108) Leaves, fat,sometimes;) tereteig Mien. hae a= setts Ia a, SS eet 11. Leaves semiterete, terete, or subulate, very rarely flat and then LIIFOLIM: OLPLINEAT sa Ae Asien; Sew sige ere h ae aie) ok, 2 iS OS a ee ee ea 16. Leaves terete or ovate, entire, sessile, clasping, decurrent ......... ee (3a SEE aS Ree ae are a Panne 427. Aellenia Ulbrich. | Ilkeavies.not,claspine taninrre?. Gir del. ier. con oer eee 12. Leaves oval or oblong, entire, covered especially on the undersurface with stellate hairs (Plate I, Figure 14)........ 404. Eurotia C. A.M. Glabrous or merely farinose plants: . 2.0. 6. 0% «© « «ise «eis 13. Agreeably scented or fragrant plants (if the inflorescence is rubbed) SA SR MER Tae Ais. 'alyis\ AMY. es je (Svilo) vatine SM ol St Teme ior er le Mieytaeeee s 400. Chenopodium L. (C.ambrosioides and C.frutescens). Inodorous plants |. Gaia. iahasse se Soca diets eases ete Cee 14. Desert undershrubs; leaves cinereous-silvery with heavy mealy efflorescence, mostly, entire). isn. ents eats aloes alas 403. Atriplex L. (A.cana, A.turcomanica, and A.verrucifera). Herbaceous, perennials. with green leaves woes is) sida. (aril JAE 15. Leaves distinctly hastate; perianths not united. Plants of W. part of Hugapean LISSRé.. bat ayeeisl owe potion) > decats gd 400. Chenopodium L. (C.Bonus henricus). Segments of fruiting perianth fused in groups [glomerules] (Plate II, 2, 3,5). Transcaucasia and Black Sea coast in Crimea and in European partyot, the, USSReel «43 suhhodaie tieheee aie lee taataele te 399. Beta L. A small undershrub of the Alai Range; leaves closely approximate, subulate to subtrigonous, glabrous, 10—20mm long; bracteoles whitish-hyaline, lanceolate; anatomic structure of the stem normal Sqoistvers wed thee) Go ainawee “be 397. Polycnemum L. (P. perenne). Leaves different; stem with concentric alternation of xylem and : phloem. «15; awit ls naive etl izteed eee. Best Biel. Ree reeenee 17. A small undershrub of gravelly soils, forming a compact and rigid cushion; leaves short, fleshy, subulate, point-tipped, dilated at base, completely covering the stem. ..........46. 437. Nanophyton Less. Plants, differentdrom the bowers sis james strs test! Greerien = tated Se ieee d oe 18. The uppermost leaves, especially the bracteal, decurrent at base into a small tubercle firmly appressed to the stem (Plate I, 8); plants with normal hairs or clabrous\o).\:spop- ons, « aye ohentale wane ake ns Ite steel ene ene bits a ape aliat i togtpnedbion ont Geren: 425. Salsola L. (Section Caroxylon Iljin). Leaf base not tubercled or, if tubercled, the plant furnished with 2 -tipped ‘SCALES is aiake Ss SERN chs as teh ae a oreo Me eee ale Ce tears Nat einen am ios 14 19). 23. 26. 28. Young parts, especially the globular buds, covered with 2-tipped, pointed, pellucid scales (Plate XIII, Figure A inet Vets IN SBE a al Wai esi ne SPRAYS AM te da 425. Salsola L. (S.gemmascens and S.nodulosa). Mants olabrous orthairy, not lepidote . piivaiiers See eg coke aie). 20. Plants glabrous or roughened with very short prickles (the stem sometimes covered at summit with scattered very short slender Faeihibiass maha Aen IO DERE ees ea hey 4 Arete Ei aS lhe ciaged nest ib Tog 2A. Plants hairy at least on the young shoots, the hairs sometimes very Shorty appearing als) a powdery bloom 1.25 yeas ee. 28. Leaves narrowed at base or distinctly constricted above a tubercle- PACMOASE Me srs) Sicha. wi aiyetalire) 2 Ms sduerlttlt od See ee ay Raw Bitte 1 Shane. 22. Leaves sessile, without attenuation or constriction or slightly dilated AINA Me asad fe Ms atc ay SLO VE EEL CMY NOs Wr ee ed Sia iii uae blogs te alot ha 2 24. Leaves contracted at base into a very short petiole; bracteoles SCAmMOUS, PELUCIG: MT RGR Re, AVR TE OMS Ri f 421. Suaeda Forsk. Leaves distinctly constricted above an enlarged base, abscision taking place at the constriction (Plate I, Figure 9); bracteoles herbaceous or HEE Wigt ayn ANELID CAMs, Fay IMLE SO GeERL GAN ae ale (BESS) AE AEF ie yal Gel oMesr wach ak! BRE Ba vel ee eta Sh ei 23. Flowers in heads of several at the ends of branches, becoming indurated in fruit and surrounded by an involucre of 2- or several terminal leaves, these united at base (Plate XIV, Figure 8). Central Tien Saonsand: dasPamin=A lab tees saiec:. sos w RO 447. Sympegma Bge. Flowers solitary, bracteolate, disposed in ebracteate spikelike inflorescences. 2 +=. 4 425. Salsola L. (Section Anchophyllum Ijin). Leaves obtuse, subclavate at apex, arched-upcurved (Plate X, Figure 8); branches readily falling off at basal joints ..... 435. Ijinia Eug. Kor. Leaves acute, acuminate, or point-tipped; branches not deciduous. . .25. Leaves bluntly trigonous, acicular, spinescent, scarcely dilated at base, densely disposed, upright; shoots (especially the leaves) always purple inthe middle or the upper part (Plate XIII, Figure 8). Kara-Tau IMO MAGA SA 4 els | SEPA ROE. OR g 22 ele ayer ad 428. Rhaphidophyton Iljin. Leaves different from the above; shoots sometimes not purple, ENCES oR EMAC ED IY no atts Mace aah) 24 Ae ANTAL GR MO A Dd) Oe es SIR SE IST RST RIO as Gar ss 26. Plants yellowish-green throughout, with scant short indument in upper part; leaves numerous, erect, closely approximate on the vegetative branchlets; branches straight, erect. Dagestan ......... MSA eth rt. a ee eerie obey | 425. Salsola L. (S.daghestanica). Glaucescent or dark green plants. Central Asia, Transcaucasia... 27. Leaves slender, filiform, not more than 0.5mm in diameter; branches mostly terminating in a spine; fruit vertical (Plate XIII, Figure 7).... Sree te eee Sane Meas OT BSA ATT bo MER, et CURRIE. Reet 426. Noaea Mog. Leaves thicker, 1—2 mm in diameter, very rarely 0.75mm; spines sometimes wanting; flowers caducous; fruit horizontal ........... ai fs AAP RP PPR E i WO 425. Salsola L. (Section Sphragidanthus Ijin). Leaves borne on a very short petiole (not dilated at base), mostly glaucous, botuliform; inflorescence branches often displaced from the axl ontothe petioles sbracteoles: always hyaline th) oi) gi tieneis aie es eed f 421. Suaeda Forsk. (S. microphylla and S. dendroides). 19 20 39. 40. Leaves always sessile; flowers and inflorescence branches always strictly axillary; bracteoles wanting or herbaceous (except Suaeda physophora, and then the young shoots pulverulent with papilliform chaff, leaf scars conspicuously impressed, ligneous twigs whitish, andbinflorescence termitial) duit Kite RRS OES A ae 20) Bracteoles always wanting; embryo annular .........-+..-+.4.- 30. Bracteoles always present; embryo spiral; segments of fruiting perianth with winglike outgrowths ...........+..-. 425. Salsola L. (Section Belanthera Hijinjimsyrosihewitzigy and S. baranovii). Perianth 4-merous, wingless in fruit........ 407. Camphorosma L. Perianth 5-merous, winged infruit ............ 412. Kochia Roth. All leaves opposite or plants leafless ......- 2+ +2 eee eee ees 32. Leaves alternate, only the lower ones opposite or verticillate .... 42. Plants quite leafless, with jointed often reddish succulent stem and fleshy spikelike inflorescences. Wet solonchaks ... 420. Salicornia L. leavesialwaysideveloped ss. iu. aceite Dite) re means a kore. Spe eee ee 33. Leavestalways flatwis oy. O. a owt. Giea'S eehelolecsieree ayia cage eee i MEE EMERG EER fan I 403. Atriplex L. (A.hastata aa A.flabellum). Leavestsemiteréteior terete» 2.01) 66 Lhaamon de apo. ce eee 34. Plants glabrous or merely covered with acute tubercles or minute PRICE Si) wT es aS ia Stas eal 6 a Ree 35. Pilpmtsmwath normal airs.) a ep ay s. ox sh = oe oh ar av iet yeah See eee ene 40. Plantsaquite glabrous, .c: .npedytL SR Ee hone rk eit, pee 36. Plants rough with acute tubercles or prickles............ afta is? SOR Leaves obtuse, without cusp or seta, very succulent; stem whitish; fruiting perianth with bright red wings. Transcaucasia......... Ae Haken bhi apis tees: dite ntle ...... 4830. Seidlitzia Bge. (S. floribunda). Leaves acute, acuminate, cuspidate, or aristate ...........4.6. 37. Internodes longitudinally plicate with 4 deep furrows, of these one pair below the leaves, the other between them..........-..+.-+-.-. srejtaeseaty divivek GIN ssa a ss oe ) 433. Anabasis(L.(Ay miieraamieaer IntexnodesinotMurrowedsas) above wach.) spc ebee Re Mapeh on iat pomeeeee 38. Glaucous plants with 4-angled branches; leaves subulate, mucronate, the upper ones broad-ovate, closely approximate, appressed to stem; fruiting perianth 2-winged. Zeravshan, Fergana Valley ........... Ei sa AS OP eis «Ga Ocal eae Re) 432. Girgensohnia Bge. (G. di iptera). Stem terete; leaves terete, acuminate, spreading; fruiting perianth WiMCNO Sie mnepart® sates terse’ 438. Petrosimonia Bge. (P. sibirica). Inflorescences spikelike; fruiting perianth with scarious wings (Platereal Vai auc?) landtens Hacks seen ak 432. Girgensohnia Bge. Inflorescences globose, spiny; fruiting perianth with short subcoriaceous winglike outgrowths (Plate IX, Figures 1—2)......... 6 Sr EN POLE at A ei aiieen 429. Horaninowia Fisch. et Mey. Plants commonly vested with 2 kinds of hairs: dense, short, and appressed, as well as scattered, long, and jointed (the latter especially about the leaf axils); segments of fruiting perianth winged; leaves subtending the flowers alternate. . . 425. Salsola L. (S.brachiata). All hairs alike; segments of fruiting perianth wingless; all leaves StS y KOPP OSL ESM iat sec wlsy the We Ate as DAN Tee EAL Oi ReN ce Ue acs Be ee aetna ae 41. 16 21 41. 44, 46. 48. 49, Stem and leaves covered with closely appressed crisp hairs; leaves obtusish, terminating in a caducous tuft of bristles.. Fergana Valley ... Renee te ee CoP h Mata he tev al a teks Fe 444, Gamanthus Bge. (G.ferganicus). Stem and leaves covered with appressed or spreading straight hairs; leaves acuminate, without a tuft of bristles... 438. Petrosimonia Bge. Plants vested with stellate, branched, or 2-tipped hairs or scales at least in their upper part or on the bracteoles, rarely simple hairs and shorter branched ones occurring on the same plant ........... 43. Plants vested with simple smooth or serrulate (Plate I, Figure 12) hairs, very rarely glandular-hairy or quite glabrous ........... 49. Plants densely clothed with minute short-branched hairs as well as long spreading serrated and jointed ones; fruiting perianth with Haneiikeroutsrowthse Atehan bOrder Mrs ies Wireman te alls wile coe er 6 Ree RDS A Pees SF 425. Salsola L. (S. vvedenskyi). Plants Withehalns "Ory SCaAleS GLOMNE LY Pew o steal ts ae he abel N celoee tabs. 44, Lowest leaves linear-terete, obtuse, wilting, all the others scalelike, hence the stem apparently leafless; plants covered with appressed 2-tipped asymmetrically attached scales (Plate XIV, Figure 1). Wet SOUOHICHEISSSW str niaks Ns coreeelAR RX RAM BIO . 431. Ofaiston Rafin. All leaves developed and alike; hairs not squamaceous ........ 45. Plants clothed with 2-tipped hairs; leaves semiterete or terete, mostly more or less fleshy. Solonchaks, solonetzes, or ruderal sites ....... SR eat ha Noms Matas hae hehehe Brite te te Bebe Mata ts vate be He 438. Petrosimonia Bge. Plants clothed with branched, bushy or stellate hairs; leaves flat or more rarely subterete by involution of margins, but not terete or HSIN E Bote te te Use Na Pats a Sate Me We. Tete Sa Fe Ra Me Ua Me Wa Mo te Ue be to tomao ia tally Sine tor eenae, a 46. Hairs stellate, sometimes with a long simple articulate hair arising from the center (Plate I, Figure 13). More or less ruderal or weed FRUAES Mcrae PREM GaAs Gee al a Mar were bei ata he kag o heute We yee ouae 6 47. Hairs branched or bushy (Plate I, Figure 15). APenaeIBS plants .. 48. Leaves filiform, linear, or rarely lance-linear, spiny-tipped, narrowed toward base, at the crotches opposite or even in 3's; fruits resembling those of shepherd's purse, distributed all over the plant ........... CIES ett SLL ED areas kee es ee her sete ae fs eae 200M Ceratoecarpus™L. Leaves short-petioled, narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate but not spiny-tipped, all alternate; inflorescences terminal; fruits without cornute outgrowths........ 406. Axyris L. Plants very rigid; leaves narrowing toward base, with 3—15 longitudinal veins, sometimes petiolate and then the blade rounded or subcordate, spiny-tipped; inflorescences compact, spiciform -capitate, axillary, stiff-spiny (Plate VII, Figure 7) ....414. Agriophyllum M. B. Plants less rigid; leaves filiform to linear, rather inconspicuously 1 —3-veined, not spinescent; inflorescences spikelike, mostly elongated ternvinal: not ‘spiny. % +. 2%. %. 2. bee 413. Corispermum L. Very succulent plants; leaves fleshy, with subglobose or thick orbicular blade, clasping, with a decurrent adnate sheath; inflorescences spike- like; flowers immersed in the fleshy inflorescence axis, subtended by short fleshy bracts, these broadly semiorbicular at the free end, decurrent and adnate to stem (Plate VIII, Figure 2). Salinas andtakyrs. uM Meme nS ghee te PROD, MOPAR . CAIRNE ORI. SINE S 417. Halopeplis Bge. 17 22 50. oe 53. 58. 59. Plantcudifferent tromethealooview. isisige.)s teeecene, ea epee tyra. |eeeeee ae 50. Plants cultivatedvastmuck or field Crops 21s Si) aes): ero) @pencaeneaeanys te 512 Wilde ornamentallppliaiatiquery &. tists Oe ae «le eee Aan Meee als 53. A root crop. Root Sh napiform or raphaniform, red or white or CULO Mnse eee Pe eRe a Nolen Pay epee Be Slaw Ray vet dane eee 399. Beta L. A leafy vegetable or a grain crop; root short,funiform ........ 52. A vegetable grown for its foliage; plants 25 —50cm tall, glabrous, MLOSt yi GiGSC1 OUSk Eusesrepas vale ate OT AES ls eek = Fae eae 402. Spinacia L. Plants grown for grain, 40 —100cm tall, mostly farinose; leaves broadly triangular to oblong-triangular, commonly 3-lobed; flowers Peblecths' sa jas tee venersts eee .... 400. Chenopodium L. (C. quinoa). A low branched plant with flat lance-linear leaves; flowers borne in crotches of stem and branches in the larger leafless upper part of the plant composed of branches terminating in slender spines. EE Siberia Hueopean part of the USShy eal aie .cnosere ler eer Goeeee oe 3 RAT Ooo Rey TICE TO EMEOT Omi EOE nina Cae 400. Chenopodium L. (C.ari af ete Blantsndifferenttrom, the, aboviesa4las)inliiees has sob Meret eae 54. Glomerules or inflorescence branches displaced from the leaf axil onto the petiole; plants always glabrous, with linear or filiform leaves and hyaline; bracteolesa dar eho ierth bins bey ici see stage 28 of Key I. Flowers and glomerules or inflorescence branches axillary ..... 55. Leaves lanceolate to suborbicular, at least the lower ones always HUGE) aac ace ct (CME, Die RP on Cee er oer Meee ot ies ee te eee 56. Leaves filiform or linear or else semiterete or terete, very often tleshyesae stkncli's “Sees at WHS: vd Aeae ified Hae pereiy anents = MGS Glae rors LAE Sis oe il apse! va aiye, alc) Jv een, SMa gates Come : +s See ee 57. Hairy plants; leaves showing in transmitted tieetrhas a mosaic pattern Gkaemeen and ‘colorless, pOrnhiOnsSy brass PIER Fee eh Sek es eG ates Ole Yellowish-green plants, never farinose, rather rigid, with 2 arched- veined spiny-tipped basal and spiniform cauline leaves; inflorescences in spiny heads. Sands... 414. Agriophyllum M. B. (A. palezkianum). Plants not rigid and not spiny, often farinose or cinereous-silvery; mftlorescenees; different) i2 i, Batsiev aly Sees ha he a SA. ee 58. Dioecious plants; lower leaves with very long petioles, runcinate or pinnatipartite; fruits sessile, in the axils or all cauline and sometimes also radical leaves. Transcaucasia and GCentral Asia ....-../.48. . ‘3 HIG Es: 5050 0 oi (oo: oa SRR Orta taeel he St ae Pe Be be obs 402. Spinacia L. Monoecious plants or the flowers perfect; leaves different from the above; flowers in terminal panicles, often also in the axils of upper LEAVES yh Her oy elie eien Qa ners ent Bh ea Ol By SA ar yedistge Sema s 59. Leaves oblongly rhombic-hastate, petiolate, with horizontal or upturned auricles; petioles of lower leaves many times the length of the blade; perianth of 1 segment; bracteoles none. Plants of the;extrememorth) (Aretie) xsi. a atienenw ie ee 401. Monolepis Schrad. Plants) different from, theabove) oly sagas, ohranla tet Ae se RS 60. Flowers unisexual; pistillate flowers enclosed in 2 bracteoles, destitute of perianth (Plate I, Figure 7); seed coat yellow, soft....... sit ere weld whet he AE ccc eBryen Sy veretin ned Rypenag ah ay aed: pd tenant aes 403. Atriplex L. Flowers perfect, rarely intermixed with pistillate ones, all witha perianth and sometimes ebracteolate; seed coat black, brittle....... Baireiatal coger iat atieh poh cal oleae da SLC Sen tenella ane llasy a taplae ote eee ete Ta ea 400. Chenopodium L 67. 68. 24 69. 70. Tile . Segments of fruiting perianth with hooklike appendages (Plate V, Figure 13) 52 8 Nat hd a Ae Oo 411. Echinopsilon Mog. (E.hyssopifolius). Fruiting perianth not so appendaged ........ see stage 22 of Key I. Stems with normal anatomic structure; leaves stiffish, 3-angled, acicular, spinescent, 3—20mm long, not more than 0.5mm in diameter, sessile, closely disposed on the branches and on the stem; low plants, 3—20cm in height; flowers solitary in the leaf axils, very small, with 2 lateral lanceolate, scarious bracteoles; seed coat black, brittle, UML ER mentee ate 3 tem SATs Reis alah 6 a eho Mine tle Or Pe 397. Polycnemum L. Stem showing in cross section a concentric alternation of xylem and ola) Siacy Av Ae, nee ee ieee ke ie a ee er kL ee 63. Plants glabrous or rough with acute tubercles or short prickles... 64. Plants with true hairs at least on the young parts ........ whee ses Bracteoles small, thin, scarious, semipellucid; plants mostly succulent; flowers in axillary glomerules forming a paniculate or spikelike inflorescence. Plants of wet and puffic solonchaks and salinas....... Rn sae US ER Nye es Sars Hemet Pal hed EERE RNR E CL TC 421. Suaeda Forsk. Bracteoles*always herbaceous Or Wanting. 60. fe eee eee eee ee 65. Leaves flat even when very narrow, sometimes involute and then ApPALeMULyATeReter Gly Hee Ws wee LP RNC ES RIE IA ENON aS 66. Leaves trigonous, subulate, terete, semiterete, or claviform, often SUC ctr ae es cen ae a ea os MRAM Vase AIK, Shia, Wild OL. 69. Perianth small, of 1—5 thin white-scarious segments; inflorescence slenderly spiciform; fruits vertical, round, compressed, mostly winged; leaves sessile or merely narrowing gradually toward base without a GHS Pat pe wore TE es Ki SEI RS GS RR, SOA UE eee. 67. Perianth always herbaceous or sometimes wanting in pistillate flowers, enclosed in a pair of bracteoles; fruits wingless; leaves GISHINC Ry pPeLIOlabexens \: Leelee) eS eee thy RE SE Leads Re ee 68. Perianth regularly and deeply 5-parted, as long as or scarcely shorter than the subtending leaves; stamens 5. Transcaucasia, Kopet Dagh, Naryn River valley..... SNOUT ABE EME AY 415. Anthochlamys Fenzl. Perianth of 1 segment, more rarely of 3—5 unequal segments, shorter than subtending leaves; stamens1—5....... 413. Corispermum L. Leaf axils with a tuft of hairs; leaves appearing variegated in transmitted light due to alternation of green and colorless portions Meter. ith Oa LLeek geltoee). «1. 412. Kochia Roth (K. scoparia). Leaf axils hairless; plants often farinose; leaves monochromatic... . BUWERNC Ee oe res el Malte IS. ty Ma, MMe, Jee Pe Wee? Marty Pa Mar Ae Nay Hoh Ne a oan net ha Gh NAT MG see stage 60. eaves obtuse, mor pungent -tipped J Ra eae. en ae a ae 70. At least the upper leaves acuminate, acute, mucronate, orpungent ... 73. Leaves subtending the flowers broadly rounded at apex, much shorter than individual flowers (especially in fruit); perianth segments terminating in a long point; small, densely branched plants (Plate SOMly Migwme 26)solaiee ake 440. Halimocnemis C. A. M. (H. karelini). Leaves subtending the flowers and perianth segments different from ESR AOWSIS De SEG Me UTA A IH SR RED Nn RS, Tel 5: SoM A SHS CEOS LOTR S (EI HA. Glaucous succulent plants, usually turning black in drying; leaves obtuse, often claviform, not decurrent; anthers unappendaged....... Bi yy Oana Ae Wes eeaeieh. 425i Salsolacds, (St olliociavand’S. mit ie a). 25 72. (3s 74. 75. 77. Leaves not claviform, slightly decurrent (Plate I, 10); appendages of, antherssbladderya(Platewy miouire 5)... 0,5. -.--,-ee,oeessusuereuewenene 123 Bracteal leaves and bracteoles mucronate; appendages of anthers fungiform, yellow, borne on a long tortuous stipe; fruiting perianth A-Wineed)cn SPL rANSCAUCA Silas sy svc! oar teil le) «wR o) becca tite tenis ie Meine eee ae RN, ACERS any! PONS SPOR 443. Halanthium C. Koch. (H. rariflorum). All leaves, including the bracteal, obtuse; appendages of anthers oval or ovate, roseate or whitish, borne on a very short stipe; fruiting perianth S-winged ...... 425. Salsola L. (Section Physurus Ijin). Lower and middle leaves obtuse, the upper ones mucronate or witha eaducous bristle trom the ObiUSE APCX .. o <6 ja, =n, age eee 74. Alljdleaves acuminate, acute,Om mMUCFONAtE wy js (ei - man i can ee EAs 75. Leaves without a bristle; fruiting perianth not caducous, 2-winged; anthers with a yellow fungiform appendage on a very long tortuous Stipe asd RAanSCauledSias..c. sami d= Grp tayeta: abet: 443. Halanthium C. Koch. All leaves terminating in a caducous bristle; fruiting perianth readily caducous, with 5 winglike appendages. Central Asia(Plate XIV, Figure 6). Siabisigciye SE bras Wine ySiptigsin e pe CRAMER SMR Site aeRO ENR alee See 446. Halogeton C. A. M. Stiff glaucescent plants, 3—20cm tall; leaves closely approximate, subulate, rough, arched-recurved; inflorescence spikelike; perianth with 5 winged outgrowths; fruit vertical. Transcaucasian border ISSA ie 57 ORE ORR a ee Ee oe 426. Noaea Mog. (N.minuta). Plantsiditierent from, the abOvieh es) sla epeisote nay bo ie, 4 bowie ot ee 76. Plants 3—20cm tall; leaves 10—50mm long, terminating in a short stiff thick-based cusp; perianth 4-merous, wingless in fruit, the strongly indurated perianth segments united into an ampullaceous body with a distinct convex cross at the bottom (Plate XVII, Figures 2, 4) Pee pe ee ee 440. Halimocnemis C. A. M. (H.sclerosperma). Tees Sleadenis bristle-tipped; perianth 5-merous, always with winged outgrowths sineiruit, mot am pulliforint rec. si weed aenet (ta teeeonels at. Small plants densely covered with leaves; segments of fruiting perianth bearing small whitish, thickish, opaque winglike outgrowths; stigma capitate. Southern Kyzyl-Kum and Kara-Kum deserts ....... Stns eae Pris Da te Mis iis gst sugeigis ae yo SP ooh RRND ER 429. Horaninowia Fisch. et Mey. Stigma not capitate; perianth segments mostly with thin semitrans- parentewings, rarelyeassinethe, preceding). -ac.aah sabi -bo shag aeeeee Se ee ee 425. Salsola L. (Section Kali Ulbr. and S.iliensis). Bracteal leaves slightly extended downward into a tubercle appressed topthemstem, (Plate 1, Wigtire. 8)\..<. sasidusaies gcse mets iii ss. Cece jee ee 80. The upper part of the plant, eepeetediy in the nenidnshal farinoseck. 25 ee ahyiets teehee Eeceinsenct. 425. Salsola L. (Section Aleuranthus Ijin). Plants not farinose..... 425. Salsola L. (Section Caroxylon Ijin). Plants very leafy; leaves cylindric, obtusish, those at the base of the stem wrapped in hairs, all covered with very short branched hairs and long jointed bristles; fruiting perianth with winglike outgrowths. BordersarnearcadjoininsAfghanistanyxe ) jak steph 2. ce et, oe 20 88. oO! 90. sil Plants different from the preceding, devoid of branched hairs .... 82. HEC ANE Se O DEUS Chena eeu tok ee ome Man Sead « heen emt eet r sma Den Mera aee Ee, 28 ce. cet) 83. eavestpointeippedisttine?. mata tirkiiwe cit am dal dnl ema d:. 97. Leaves, especially the smaller ones, on reduced branchlets in the leaf axils of the main stem, terminating in a tuft of spreading jointed bristles (Plateoa Vibieur en) uniruko. SeDaqellans 439. Halocharis C. A. M. Leaves sometimes without a terminal tuft of spreading bristles... 84. Plants strongly divaricately branched; stems and branches slender, mostly lustrous, dark brown, zigzag-bent; buds ampullaceous or obconic, densely enveloped in long tangled hairs; fruiting perianth with 5 orange or red wings. Turkmenia (Plate XII, Figure 1)........ See cies ried acedaehions Stetnht bw kis mes evant 425. Salsola L.(S.gossypina). Plants different from the preceding, without such buds ......... 85. A relatively stout, strongly branched plant; bracts rounded at the margin, much shorter than perianth, especially in fruit; fruit lageniform, in the enlarged part stony, in upper part gullet-shaped and scarious (Plate XVII, Figure Gy) Sehbetewtesies: auch dticwn ll coup sada hee. Ba Rereenerie si; Rab» bie). onc wmntea 440. Halimocnemis C. A.M. (H. karelini). Planes Guiterent: from trexoGeecedi ie. mes. tiels heen leMicia! wits cetiet ebsites tte 86. Hamesvon thestemhorizontallyspreagdingwiok seme whe. A. . Sits Hairs on the stem contorted, crisp, or tangled, or the indument arachnoid (see, however, under Salsola affinis, stage 93) ith 2490. Leaves subcylindric, slightly decurrent (Plate I, Figure 10); hairs mostly of two contrasting types; relatively sparse long hairs over a dense lining of short ones; appendages of anthers bladdery, roseate or purple, exserted (Plate I, Figure 5); fruiting perianth, including its 5 large RMS MOR era aad Ta Ach USCC IG Rew a iciwicin si smiee amiog ey eileen er ep -stbemccilb he cle PERG Sa Rn LF, ot SAND (ea due’ 8 Eig 425. Salsola L. (Section Physurus Ijin). Leaves not decurrent; hairs largely of one type; anthers unappendaged; winglike appendages, if present,much smaller .... 88. Leaves flat, oblong-oval, variegated (in transmitted light) with alternating green and colorless portions; the spreading hairs on NCH SE CIMA s xt Op aaTAM NOM Os stds) io. apf abe too at letha, lak ie Aika tetho, CEL Aids BaD aniey, ORE Yon Dct a ca )RS ep ve Bae Me Voot se Mee es Sue caele 408. Panderia Fisch. et Mey. (P.turkestanica). Leaves cylindric; hairs on the stem mostly 0.5—3mm iong, rarely OTISTCH RE Dee, Gteachel SLM MCN: (ON A EAR R SOLER BelINO 89. Outgrowths on segments of fruiting perianth winglike. Altai (Chuya Steppe) 6.4 Sb et,» 0 OR OLAN 412. Kochia Roth. (K. krylovii). Outgrowths on segments of fruiting perianth aculeiform or tubercle- shaped, in the latter case the axis of inflorescence slightly helical.... Ra ESS 411. Echinopsilon Mog. (E.divaricatus and E.hirsutus). Plants enveloped in a cover of smooth arachnoid hairs which partly disappear in time; leaves small, 2—10mm long, at the very slightly dilated base half-clasping and broadly scarious-margined; fruiting perianth with 5 winglike outgrowths at summit, caducous. E. part of CentralMAsiad & ema s: Nie 446. Halogeton C. A.M. (H.arachnoideus). Stem and leaves hairy, but not cobwebby, the hairs always rough with minute tubercles or prickles (strong magnification!) .......... 91. Leaves slightly decurrent (Plate I, Figure 10); appendages of anthers MTG Tava Ai aeepee ce Mietrh Al chlo aie Oe rater Moraes a Cirebetei seo, SOMME, DMesrehs Takia a 92. 21 27 28 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97 . 98. 100. Leaves not decurrent; appendages of anthers mostly none or very Salle flat, And! SCar Ouse. bees: esd kre) wie 2s ainda eRe) se RP TOmeImeReS ee 93. Appendages of anthers long-stipitate; fruiting perianth with 2 winglike outgrowths. Transcaucasia ..........4.. 443. Halanthium C. Koch. Appendages of anthers with a very short stipe (Plate I, Figure 5); fruiting perianth 5 winglike outgrowths, of these often 3 large and 2 obSolescentat sat arsta ees os 425. Salsola L. (Section Physurus Ijin). Plants strongly branched near the base, the branches whitish, mostly slender, approximate, mostly arcuate near base, puberulent, subsequently glabrescent; leaves thickish, not less than 1.5mm in diameter, terete, at the slightly enlarged base scarious-rimmed, mostly recurved from the downward bulging base, in the axils with branchlets reduced to a leatynclusterbudiiaue./uciltiee eo bbw euchayc 425. Salsola L. (S.affinis). Plants different from the preceding; leaves flattish or cylindric and then not more than 1 mm thick, not enlarged or attenuated below and Without such) curvatures: bracteoles wanting is) cs i ei age eee 94. Plants clavate at the summit; perianth of 4 segments, without OU UROL niSMinabt Hue thes Le ei. ae Re: lot cure dette Cine 407. Camphorosma L. Stem not distinctly claviform at the summit (see, however, under Echinopsilon sedoides); perianthof5 segments, with out-growths Mbp IS UMP RD LE. Hetil shied. oD OSE. Ol Ue Sco Eeetcreiis creas oe eels, SP eee 95. OQute*xowthssof pertanth winglilee? ..cydsciss. sae ane arcs! (eee), eg eeeies 96. Outgrowths tubercled or spiny; flowers and fruits borne laterally aisthemicafy dbase vias suis Catetaiel arene arises 411. Echinopsilon Moq. Fruiting perianth bearing above the rings 5 tuberclelike outgrowths corresponding to each lobe; fruit vertical. S. Transcaucasia........ EM Wekinn Schedy ey cys Baca res 408. Panderia Fisch. et Mey. (P. pilos at All outgrowths of perianth winglike; fruit horizontal ............ Stems slender; leaves opposite, only the uppermost eset ones alternat ésc fruiting perianth ss swingedt sy...) smuyerpctreulale) teeth eee ee Si carte oil aaeh gto yar USO) Selecyd Bek ay tes capes 425. Salsola L. (S.brachiata). Leaves alternate, only the lowermost 1 or 2 pairs opposite ...... 98. Plants clothed, especially when young, with smooth cobwebby hairs; leaves small, obtuse or some terminating in a barely perceptible acutish tubercle; segments of the caducous fruiting perianth bearing at the summit 5 thin scarious winglike outgrowths. E. part of Central PASH jE pecs Ih Bi dah eh orth Nay i 446. Halogeton C. A.M. (H.arachnoideus). Plants differentinirom thejpreceding 1s. to. atspevere hen «ce overt utp ieee 99. Leaves very closely approximate, small, on the upper part of the stem and on the branches not more than 4—12mm long, rough, gradually tapering to a slender spinule or terminating ina slender prickle . . . 100. Leaves less closely disposed and longer, not rough, terminating in a Short spinuleistrongly enlarged atibase kysiitulheti ail aaeelats - saOr. Upper part of the stem and branches covered with short eslennicaliene hairs; leaves gradually tapering to a spinule, with a tuft of hairs in the axils; perianth without winglike outgrowths .........+2+e-..s86-. sictause Mea te-gielh Stes. Sey actos unane hats e peter: Herta @elwe hagas ao) 445. Copnulacsa mer Glandular hairs wanting; leaves more abruptly terminating ina prickle, without axillary tufts of hairs; fruiting perianth with winglike GUE SR OWib Stace Neral aai fe seis cast eee 8 aeicore a. tt deter ents xe lal ie al We: fe anne hehe Or 22 101. Bracteal leaves opposite or subopposite, strongly enlarged and connate at base, their lower part becoming indurated-cartilaginous, the upper part extended into a rather long attenuated summit resembling crab's open claws (Plate XVI, Figure 1)...... 444, Gamanthus Bge. + Bracteal leaves alternate, not connate, different from the above. . .102. 102. Hairs of one type, closely appressed; leaves subtrigonous; perianth segments 5, of these 2 broader, 2-nerved, bearing in fruit a large wing which falls off readily at its basal joint, the margins of the two wings overlapping; appendages of anthers scarious............. Ries ctidcidhen Whiys pce arias sic i ishe ty faite Ae: dary vole PRET wy ay va 442. Piptoptera Bge. + Hairs mostly of two types: short, spreading hairs and scattered long jointed ones, these either spreading or subappressed, or rarely quite appressed and then leaves almost flat; perianth segments always wingless, united in fruit into an ampullaceous or lageniform body which becomes indurated and almost stony in its lower enlarged part) ,appendages-ofanthers bladderyie cs. stem ye SSS ie ee ee ale 103; 103. Plants commonly with a slight purple tinge; bracteoles enclosing the perianth keeled, somewhat gibbous at base in extension of the keel; the two outer segments of fruiting perianth bearing rudiments of myn Pilee outgrowths; appendages of anthers purple ........... “bees aid heey a teetereh ae ar eliiprel' | crebie eigen dy oT ay ea tia fis 441. Halotis Bge. + ae not acco epee bracteoles not gibbous at base; perianth segments without outgrowths; appendages of anthers yellow or PATER SINS ehiaites euked ops ahe, aySecnie feagliel tery seek .. 440. Halimocnemis C. A. M. 29 subfamily 1. CYCLOLOBEAE c. a. M. in Lab. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 370. — Embryo annular or hippocrepiform; albumen developed. Tribe 1. POLYCNEMEAE Dumort. FI. Belg. (1827) 22. — Flowers perfect; perianth scarious, 5-merous; perianth segments 1-nerved; bracteoles scarious, keeled; stamens united at base into a circular disk; stigmas included in the perianth; ovules with a long funicle; pericarp scarious; seed coat hard. Small plants. Genus 397. POLYCNEMUM* L. L.Gen.pl.ed.2 (1742) 21; Sp.pl.ed.1 (1753) 35. Flowers perfect, small, solitary, with 2 scarious lateral bracteoles; perianth of 5 segments; stamens 3, rarely 1—5, fused at base into a hypogynous disk; stigmas 2,on a short style; fruit vertical, with a thin Scarious pericarp, indehiscent; seeds black, with a granular coat. Annuals or undershrubs with alternate subulate sessile leaves. The genus contains altogether 6 species. Russian: khruplyavnik. “ic nl BLANC KSRENS) TUG UT 6 SUE pele Atle dan ache taal all eee ade aD al 5. P. perenne Litw. + JeNPGh G06 FEW US heel aii Bet fee Mes Tat a ie ce wel ine einen Vacs cierto lier sette. fa ate SSAA IETS G0 Aye * A plant name occurring in the writings of the Greek author Nicandros, derived form "polis," many, and "“cnemis," hip, thigh. 23 30 2. Lower branches ca. 2 mmindiameter at base; leaves mostly 10—20 mm long, only on reduced branches 5—10 mm; bracteoles1.5timesas long as thie pelmlanthy seed see —e2ermimmM Olga. ©. es) meni A Po rmayus A. Si + Lower branches usually not more than 1 mm in diameter; leaves mostly 3—10mm, rarely 12mm long; bracteoles as long as or shorter tthan thesperianth; seeds f—1s25 mimuim diameter =...) a 3 oF Leaves subfiliform, 0.15—0.25 mm in diameter, on the middle part of the stem almost horizontally spreading....... 3. P. heuffelii Lang. + Leaves firmer and thicker, obliquely ascending or appressed to the SES SE S e rn e ae athe Se Me Re ak ees aR ce ta Setar tee ee 4. 4. Axis of inflorescence strongly zigzagged; leaves closely appressed COREG RSLOLEY Sone are tate ee. ek 2. P.verrucosum Lang. =F Axis of inflorescence straight or with barely perceptible curvatures PEER eee STINE BORA URS S Tea BARREN O Ss, 1 a, LASER Reem 1. P.arvense L. 1. P.arvense L.Sp.pl. (1753) 35; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 860; Shmalten PL 1; 360; Krylk srl Zap sibs lV /é79> Tin in’ PR Yugo-Vost. lve 129.— P. vulgare Pall. It.1 (1771) 142.— P. arvense 8B minus Doll Rhein. Fl. (1843) 287.— P. viatieum Pall. Ill. pl. (1803) 57 (p.p.).— le.; Fedeh. and F1., Fl. Evr. Ross., fig: 244; Taliev, Opr. rast. Evrop. ch., fig yl So). —axs).2 HER norz039 a,b: Annual, 3—10cm high, branched from the base, with elongated ascending or decumbent lower branches, rarely simple; stem and branches covered with short crisp hairs, subsequently somewhat glabrescent; leaves glabrous, linear-subulate, 3-angled, spinescent, scarcely enlarged at base 2—4 times the length of flowers, 3—10mm or rarely to 12 mm long, obliquely ascending, more rarely appressed to the stem; flowers solitary; bracteoles terminating in a long slender point, scarious, as long as or scarcely shorter than the perianth; perianth segments broadly lanceolate, acuminate, slightly keeled and with scattered crisp hairs on the back; stamens mostly 3, rarely 1—5; pericarp thin, scarious, easily detached; seeds oval, compressed laterally, 1—1.25 mm long and 0.75—1 mm broad, black, dull, granular. July—September. Weed-infested places in pine woods, bluffs, old fields, mostly on sandy soil, also as a component of steppe plant associations. European part: M. Dnp., U. Dnp., V. -Don, Bl., Crim., L. Don, Transv., L. V.; Caucasus: Cise., Dag., S. and E. Transe.; W: Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; Esiberta: Ang.-Say. (?); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from W. Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Considered to be a good forage plant (Ulbrich). 2. P.verrucosum Lang Syll. pl. Ratisb. I (1824) 179.— P. arvense var. verrucosum Oborny Fl. M&ahren (1885) 334. — Ic.: Rchb.Ic. Fl. Germ. XIV 2sietiesi—be—> Exes. iichby FisGermvexs. ao. oc3: Annual; branches elongated, decumbent or ascending, at first with scattered short hairs, subsequently merely rough, to 30cm long, mostly reddish, in the inflorescence always distinctly zigzagged; leaves trigonous-subulate, appressed to the stem, the lower to10 mm long, the others mostly 2—4 mm long, 2—3 times the length of flowers in their axils; flowers borne at the flexures of the inflorescence axis, 1.5—1.7mm long; bracteoles as long as or but slightly shorter than the flowers; seeds resembling those of the preceding species, ca. 1.25mm long. August—September. 24 Dry sandy fields, sunny slopes, and steppes. — European part: Bl. (?), L. Don (?), L. V. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from the vicinity of Budapest. Type in Vienna? Cotype in Leningrad. 3. P.heuffelii Lang Syll. pl. Ratisb. II (1828) 219.— P. paradoxum Schur in Osterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XIX (1869) 148.— P. arvense Bheuffelii Fiek. Fl. Schles. (1881) 372.— P.arvense 8 filifolium Neilr. Diagn. (1867) 109.—Ic.: Rchb. le. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 230, fig. 1—5.— Exs.: Fl. buns. exs..cent.II,no. 133; Kl. exs. reip. Boh. -Slov. no. 3038: Annual, 5—25 cm high, pyramidal in shape; branches usually simple, covered with scattered short hairs; leaves very slender, filiform, subtrig- onous, acuminate, 5-12 mm long and 0.15—0.25 mm in diameter, strongly and almost horizontally spreading, glabrous, the middle and lower ones 6—10 times the length of flowers; bracteoles long-acuminate, scarious, keeled, as long as or slightly shorter than the perianth, perianth segments oblong-oval, acute; seeds rounded-oval, compressed, 1—1.3 mm long and to 1 mm broad, black, granular. July—September. (Plate II, Figure 1 a—b). Alluvial sands and sandy fields. — European part: M. Dnp. Gen. distr.: Cent. Eur., Bal. Described from the vicinity of Budapest. 4. P.majus A.Br. in Flora XXIV (1841) 151; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 860, (p. p.); Shmal'g., Fl. II, 360; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 879; Il'in in FI. Yugo-Vost.IV,130.— P.arvense 8 majus Doll Rhein. Fl. (1843) 287. — P.arvense a macrophyllum Neilr. Fl. Nieder-Osterr. (1859) 286 (p.p.).— P.arvensevar. longifolium Neilr. Diagn. (1867) 109 (p.p.).— : P.arvense var. simplex Wallr. Sched. crit. (1822) 25.— P. viaticum Pall. Illustr. (1803) 57 (p.p.). — Ie.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, fig. 251. — Exs.: HFR no. 20410: Fl. pol.exs.no.563. Annual, 10—20 cm high, branched from the base, with elongated lower branches, glabrous, sometimes rough, the young parts often covered with short crisp hairs; leaves subulate, trigonous, spiny-tipped, at the scarcely en- larged base membranous-margined, 2—8 times the length of flower, 10—20 mm long; bracteoles scarious, ovate-lanceolate, 1-keeled, gradually tapering to a point, 1.5 times as long as the perianth; perianth segments acute, 2—2.5mm - long, 1-nerved, glabrous or at the junction with scattered short crisp hairs; stamens mostly 3, rarely 1—5; seeds oval, 1.5—2 mm long and 1—1.5mm broad, black, dull or somewhat lustrous, granular. July—September. Stony, calcareous and chalky slopes, sandy places, and fallows. —European part: U.Dnp. (S.), M.Dnp., U. V. (rare), V.-Don, Bl., Crim., L. Don; Caucasus: Cisc., E.,S. and (?) W. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Zaisan), T. Sh.(Talass. Ala Tau), Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal. Described from Germany. 5. P. perenne. Litw. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb. VI (1910) 81. Suffrutescent plants, 5-20 cm high, densely cespitose, the branchlets covered with very short crisp hairs; leaves linear-subulate, subtrigonous, 32 ~acute, glabrous, 10—20 mm long and ca. 0.5mm broad, spreading; flowers solitary, axillary, sessile bracteoles subtending the flowers laterally, white-scarious, lanceolate, dilated at base, long-acuminate, 1-nerved and keeled, as long as or slightly shorter or barely longer than the perianth; 25 33 perianth segmentsoval to oval-oblong, acute, 1-nerved, overlapping, pubescent on the back especially at base; seeds rounded-oval to subreni- form, 1.5—2 mm indiameter, black, somewhat lustrous, granular. May—June. Taluses, rocks, and argillaceous-gravelly mountain slopes. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from the Alai Range, from the Sogo River valley. Type in Leningrad. Note. A species very closely related to the Moroccan P. fonta- nesii Dur. et Moq.,from which it differs in some rather insignificant characters (glabrous perianth, etc.). Tribe 2. HABLITZIEAE Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 2. Aufl. 16 c (1934) 455.— Flowers free, with superior ovary; perianth not becoming indurated or rigid and scarcely changing in fruit; stamens connate at base into a scarious ring; fruit circumscissile. Genus 398. HABLITZIA* M. B. M.B.in Mém.Soc.Nat.Mosc. V (1817) 24. Flowers perfect, with some intermixture of pistillate ones, solitary, pedicellate, with 1 or 2 bracteoles, in a compound panicle; perianth greenish, with 5 spreading segments persistent in fruit, connate only at base; stamens 5, with small oval anthers, without appendages, the filaments shorter than perianth and united at base into a ring; stigmas 2 or 3, short, subulate, on ashort style; fruit lenticular, circumscissile; seeds horizontal, with annular embryo, albuminous. Perennial scandent plants with alternate leaves. A monotypic genus. 1. H.tamnoides M.B. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. V (1817) 24; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross:) Ill; 854;)Boiss. Fl Or: V,.987; Shmal'g. Fl. 11,3655 = tex Eichw. Pl. casp.-cauc. (1831—33) t. 23; Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenf. 2 AUR, 16 ce; £1 743 1K: Climbing perennial to 100—200 cm tall, with a stout fleshy root; stems angled-sulcate, glabrous or sparingly hairy, branched; leaves long-petioled, ovate to oblong-ovate, entire, deeply cordate, taper-pointed, the upper ones often ovate-lanceolate, all glabrate or more often with short fugacious hairs on the veins, thin, to 20cm long and 10 cm broad; expanded flowers 5—8 mm in diameter; perianth segments oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, stellately spreading, mostly ca. 3mm long; fruit strongly flattened at the top; seeds round, lenticular, 1.2—1.5mm in diameter, with a rather acute margin, black, very glossy, smooth, unsculptured. May—July (Plate II, Figure 13). Shady woods, especially spruce-and-beech, shaded places among rocks and in ravines, and riverside thickets. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W.,S. and E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Mount Mechenka near Konstantinogorsk. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. An ornamental garden plant used for pergolas, porches, etc. Tribe 3. BETEAE Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII,2 (1849) 43, 49 (ex parte); Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl.,Pflanzenfam. 2 Aufl., 16 c (1934) 457.— Flowers * Named for K.L.Hablitz (1757-1821), companion of S.G. Gmelin in his travels in southern Russia and Iran. 5402 26 34 with half-inferior ovary, united at base; fruiting perianth indurated or markedly rigid; stamens connate at base into a fleshy disk; fruit ag- gregates common; fruit circumscissile. Genus 399. BETA* L. L.Gen.pl.ed. 5 (1754) 103; Sp.pl.ed. 1 (1753) 222. Flowers perfect, 5-merous, with very small bracteoles or ebracteolate; perianth mostly herbaceous or more rarely petaloid, the segments united and indurated at base; stamens 5, the filaments united below into a glandular disk; ovary with 2 or 3 or rarely 4 or 5 short stigmas; flowers rarely solitary, commonly in glomerules of 2 or 3, fused at base, the whole glomer- ule falling in maturity; fruits fleshy or rigid, the indurated perianth forming a subligneous envelope; Annual, biennial, or perennial plants with broad alternate leaves. Seeds horizontal, albuminous, with subannular embryo. The genus contains 13 species. Russian: svekla. iS Berian hesepmenLs Latcktsh. oreen Mer DACCOUS oid ayiek xe ie or olen e 2a = Peciontnisesments membrana CeOUS. (OCLATOUG occas 8 ah alfa e ba ay is ot 2 Plants of seacoasts, mostly perennial, rarely annual, with mostly slender woody usually branched root; lower branches procumbent or ascending; glomerules 1- or 2-flowered. ..1. B.perennis (L.) Freyn. “E Cultivated plants, sometimes weeds when naturalized, mostly with a thick succulent annual or biennial root; stem erect; glomerules ILS eBr lon Src Sc lM Heat I AA CES RA ttle Re RRR 2. B. vulgaris L. i. Flowers solitary; perianth segments erose-toothed at apex........ RM ee ane uteri o: Wrigie Yeah. bg gin bt % 3. B.lomatogona Fisch. et Mey. aH Flowers in glomerules of 2 or 3, only occasionally solitary; perianth Some ME SuemMplice IGT MCAT LT SO nba joi ce la aces gti ecko sug ade iaa ls Gulla i) SORE UE 4. 4. Segments of fruiting perianth widely expanded; bracteal leaves broad, in middle and lower part of inflorescence surpassing the glomerules 5b 5 BR Petit abla ali lei Seat ia eae ea alae aaa 3. B.macrorrhiza Stev. + Segments of fruiting perianth raised or if widely expanded then always rather strongly inflexed; bracteal leaves narrow, shorter than the glomerules (except the lowermost) ..... 5. BuLrigyna, We et KK. Section 1. VULGARES Transch. in Bull. of Appl. Bot. and Plant-Breed., XVII, 2 (1927) 208.— Perianth segments rather thick, herbaceous. 1. B.perennis (L.) Freyn in Verh. ZBG. Wien XXVII (1877) 414. — B. vulgaris, perennis L.Sp.pl. (1753) 222; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 132; Transhel" in Tr.po prik!l. bot., gen, 1 sel. XVII, 209.—-B. maritima L. Sp. pl. ed. 2 (1762) 332; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 691.—B. vulgaris maritima Mog. Chenop. (1840) 15; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 370.—Ic.: Fl. Yugo- Wost. §V, fis. 252; Transhel", ibid., figs. 7 and 6.— Exs.: Rehb. Fl. Germ. exs. no. 580. Perennial, rarely annual, 50—120cm high, glabrous or puberulous, green or reddish-veined; root woody; stems erect or ascending, sulcate, branched * Name used by Pliny. 27 35 mostly numerous, commonly with decumbent or ascending branches; radical leaves long-petioled, mostly ovate, obtuse, often mucronate, cordate, more rarely rounded at base; cauline leaves short-petioled, ovate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, all entire, the margin slightly undulate; inflorescence leafy; flowers in glomerules of 1 or 2; bracteal leaves shorter than to surpassing the glomerules; perianth pale green, its segments oblong, entire, scarious-margined, obtuse, keeled; segmerts of fruiting perianth inflexed and appressed to the fruit; stigmas 2 or rarely 3, oblong-oval or oval-lanceolate; seeds blackish-brown, lustrous, faintly reticulate. May —September. Seacoasts. — European part: Bl. (Molochnaya River ?); Caucasus: E. Transe.; Centr. Asia: Kara K. (Khodzha-kala-bami). — Gen. distr.: Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from England and Belgium. Type in London. 2. B. vulgaris L. Sp. pl. (1753) 222 (p. p.); Sp. pl. (1762) 332. —Ic.: Rehb. lcebiniGermearxcaVetaby 2sont lore itabs 2c, fe lei Annual or biennial, rarely perennial; roots stout, napiform or fusiform, ranging in color from white to purplish-violet, very rarely more slender than the stem; stem mostly erect, more or less branched or simple, commonly without elongated decumbent or ascending branches; leaves resembling those of the preceding species, but in cultivated varieties often larger and varying in color and shape; inflorescence leafy at least in lower part; glomerules containing 1—8 flowers; in other characters resembling the preceding species. (Plate II, Figure 2). Cultivated plants, sometimes naturalized; occasionally occurring, especially in Transcaucasia, as a weed or ruderal plant. Described from European cultivated specimens. Note. The cultivated beet is usually referred to the same species as wild beet, under the common name B.vulgaris L. It would, however, be preferable to separate cultivated beets fromthe wild as adistinct species. They differ from the wild-growing annual or biennial plants in having a more fleshy and nearly always straight root, a sturdy stem, and a leafy inflorescence. The name B.vulgaris L. must be retained for the cultivated beet which is most directly descendant from B.perennis (L.) Freyn. The cultivated form originates from the E. Mediterranean. In Asia Minor a considerable polymorphism of this crop can still be observed at the present time, with a considerable proportion of culturally backward varieties that have by now largely disappeared in Europe (e. g., orange- colored). When grown under northern conditions, these varieties produce a high percentage of bolters. A similar phenomenon may be observed to some extent in Transcaucasia. Cultivated beet consists of two races: B.vulgaris subsp.esculenta (Salisb.) Gurke in Richter-Girke PI. Europ. II (1897) 127 (=B.esculenta Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 152; B. sativa Bernh. Syst. Verz. Erf. (1800) 162; B.rapa Dumort. Fl. Belg. (1827) 21) — a vegetable cultivated for its root. The same race includes also the sugar beet, var. altissima Rossig. Bot. Best. d. Runkelrtuben, 1800 (= B.vulgaris sacchariferaAlef. Landw. Fl. (1866) 281). Leafy beets or mangels belong to another race, B. vulgaris subsp. cicla (L.) Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 56 (=B. vulgaris, 28 36 39 eiela EL. Sp: pl. ed. 1, 1753, 222; B-hortensis Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8, iiGe,no.2: B.cicla Pers. Syn-1,13806, 295; B.suleata Gasp: in Guss. Sic. Syn. II, 1834, 800). Upon naturalization, cultivated beet may degenerate and produce a slender root. Such specimens occur sometimes in ruderal and weed-infested sites and they are referred to a separate race, B.vulgaris subsp.foliosa (Ehrenb.) Asch. et Schweinf. Ill. Fl. d'Egypte (1887) 125 (= B.foliosa Ehrenb. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1826; B. stricta C. Koch. in Linnaea XXII, 1849, 180). It would not be very incorrect to consider these two cultivated beets as separate species, B.esculenta Salisb. and B.cicla Pers. Economic importance. Beet is of outstanding economic importance both as sugar beet (B. vulgaris subsp.esculenta var.altissima Rossig), a relatively quite recent crop (end of the 18th century), and as garden beet, which was already grown some 2,000 years B.C. The latter is known as a root vegetable and is widely distributed as a horti- cultural crop(B. vulgaris subsp.esculenta (Salisb.) Gurke). Itisrepre- sented by many varieties which differ in root color (white—var.alba DC., yellow—var.lutea DC., pink or reddish—var.rosea (L.) Mogq.), darkredin a common cultivated form—var.rubra (L.) Moq.), as wellasa leaf vegetable (B.vulgaris subsp.cicla (L.) Mog. )that is eatenlike spinachand also serves asa forage andornamental plant. This beet alsohas many varieties distinguishable by the color of their roots (white —var. sulcata (Gasp.) Mogq., sometimes with crisped leaves —var.crispa (Tratt.) Moq.; yellow—var. fla- vescens DC.;redtopurple—var.purpurascens Mogq.;darkred—var. incarnata Mogq.). Root analyses of sugar beet have shown (Schneider in Wiesner) 95—96% of soluble as against 4—5% insoluble components. The latter consist of protoplasm and cellulose residues, certain inter- cellular substances, insoluble protein and fat compounds, and ash constituting 0.4—1.4%. Themost important soluble substances are sugars, notably saccharose which fluctuates between 13 and 22%. There are also smaller amounts of invertase, rafinose, pectins, fructose, glucose, arabinose, galactose, xylan, dextran, levulan, saccharin, and coniferin. It has also been established that the sap contains organic acids, such as glycolic, quinic, oxalic, succinic, citric, malic, aconitic, glutaric, adipic, tartaric, and some others (Schmidt and Rumpler, according to Ulbrich). The presence of saponin accounts for frothiness of the sap. Among reported aromatic compounds are coniferin, vanilin, and burnt catechin (Brandkatechin). The latter, acting in combination with tyrosine and ferric salts, is thought by Gonneman to be responsible for the formation of the beet pigment. According to Reinecke, the pigment is related to red alkannin. Amides detected in beet include leusine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid,and tyrosine. Organic bases include lecithin and betaine or trtmethyl-glycocoll (CgH,,;NO,: H,O) which is the predominant base in beet. Other substances recorded are xanthine, guanidine, vernine, hypoxanthine, adenine, carnine, arginine, allantoin, and various vicinals. Enzymes known to be present include invertase, diastase, tyrosinase, catalase, and zymase (according to Ulbrich). Beet juice is sometimes used to color wine and as an ingredient of vitamin extracts. 29 (37) PLATE II. 1. Polycnemum heuffelii Lang: a) branch, b) seed.— 2. Beta vulgaris L.— 3. B.macrorrhiza Stev.— 4. B.lomatogona F.et M.— 5. B.trigyna W.et K.— 6. Monolepis asiatica Fisch.et Mey.: flower.— 7. Spinacia oleracea L.: fruits: a) var.glabra Gircke, b) f.spinosa Asch.et Gr.— 8. S.tetrandra Stev.— 9. S.turkestanica I[jin.— 10. Axyris sphaerosperma Fisch.et Mey.— 11. A.amarantoides L.— 12. Eurotia ceratoides (L.) C.A.M.: fruit.— 13. Hablitzia tamnoides M.B.: flower.— 14. Ceratocarpus turkestanicus Sav.-Rycz. 30 40 Section 2. COROLLINAE Transch.,1l.c.,215.— Perianth segments petaloid. 3. B. macrorrhiza Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 257; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 900; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 691; Transhel' in Tr. po prikl. bot. i sel. XVII, 2 (1927) 215. — B.foliosa Hausskn. in Sched. ad P. Sint. It. or. (1890) no. 2750 (non Ehrenb.). — Ic.: Transhel', ibid., fig. 11. — Exs.: Sintenis, It.or. no.2750. Perennial, 40 —60cm high; root stout, fusiform, red within; stems several, often procumbent, deeply furrowed; cauline leaves ovate (radical leaves so far unknown), the lower ones rather large, slightly cordate at base, obtuse, petiolate; bracteal leaves ovate or subglobular, greatly surpassing the glomerules; inflorescence elongated, spikelike, leafless in upper part; flowers 3 in glomerule; perianth lobes large, flat in fruit, greenish on the back, with a white scarious entire margin, spreading; seeds large, oval, 3.5 —4mm long, blackish-brown, lustrous, reticulate-rugose, commonly irregularly flattened laterally. May—June. (Plate II, Figure 3). Stony slopes. — Caucasus: Dag., E. Transc. (Kuba District). — Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (Egin). Described from Khinaluch in the Kuba District ["'raion"] of the Baku District ["'okrug"]. Type in Leningrad. 4. B.lomatogona Fisch. et Mey. in Hohen. Enum. pl. Talysch. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. no.3 (1838) 360; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 899; Fenzl. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 690; Transhel' in Tr. po prikl. bot. i sel. XVII, 2 (1927) 217.— B.longespicata Mog. Chenop. (1840) 3.—Ic.- Transhel', ibid., fig. 12. Perennial, 40 —50cm high, glabrous, with a long woody root; stems mostly several, erect, sulcate, scantily branched; lower leaves long- petioled, ovate-lanceolate, subobtuse; the upper oblong-lanceolate to linear, acute; bracteal shorter than fruits; inflorescences elongated, subspiciform, leafless almost right down; flowers solitary, not united into glomerules; perianth segments oblong, with a broad white scarious erose-dentate margin, erect in fruit; fruit 5-sided, with flat faces and submembranaceous angles; seeds blackish-brown, strongly rugose. May —June. (Plate II, Figure 4). Sunny slopes. — Caucasus: Tal. Gen.distr.: Asia Minor. Described from Tatuna in Talysh. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. The sugar content sometimes attains 25 —30% (Sheiba). 5. B.trigyna W. et K. Descr. et ic. pl. rar. Hung. I (1802) 34; Fenzl. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 691; Shmal'g., Fl. 11,370; Transhel' in Tr. po prikl. bot. isel. XVII, 2 (1927) 218; Il'in in FI. Yugo-Vost. IV, 133. —Ic.: Waldst. et Kit., 1.c.,t. 35; Rehb.Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t.232; Transhel', ibid., ne. 14. Exsy-Rehb. Fl: Germ. no: 580. Perennial, 50—100cm high, with a strong root and sparingly hairy young parts; stems solitary or several, erect, angle-furrowed, branched mainly in the inflorescence; lower leaves long-petioled, broad-ovate, slightly cordate, narrowed from the sinus into the petiole; middle short- petioled, deltoid or oval-ovate, often rounded at base; upper rhombic or broadly lanceolate, acuminate; all leaves entire and mostly sparsely 31 hairy; inflorescence pyramidal, almost leafless, branched; bracteal leaves linear, not surpassing the glomerules; flowers 1—3 in glomerule; perianth corolloid, lurid, very rarely white (var.albiflora Bordz.); perianth segments broad, obtuse, ecarinate, with scarcely irregularly crenulate margin, in fruit becoming oblong, ascending or spreading, cucullate and slightly keeled; stigmas 3, oblong-subulate; seeds black, lustrous, distinctly sculptured. May—July. (Plate II, Figure 5). Seacoasts, grassy slopes, and ruderal places. — European part: Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: S., W., and E. Transe. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Hungary, from the vicinity of the Nova Pazova Department in the Syrmiensk region. Type in Vienna. Tribe 4. CHENOPODIEAE C. A.M. in Lab. FI. Alt. I (1829) 371.— Annual, more rarely perennial or frutescent plants; perianth mostly of 5 segments not changing in fruit (except the genus Cycloloma from North America); stamens 1—5, free at base or united into a glandular disk; flowers bractless, perfect as a rule but often unisexual flowers occurring on the same plant as a result of abortion of stamens or carpels; seeds either horizontal or vertical. Genus 400. CHENOPODIUM*L. L. Gen. pl.ed. 5 (1754) 103; Sp. pl.1 (1753) 218. Flowers perfect, more rarely intermixed with pistillate, glomerulate, in spiciform or paniculate inflorescences, ebracteolate; perianth mostly of 5, rarely 3 or 4 segments, green, not changing in fruit; stamens 5, rarely fewer, the filaments free or more rarely united into a fleshy disk; anthers unappendaged; stigmas 2,very rarely 3—5, filiform, the style mostly short; fruit with a thin scarious readily detachable pericarp, commonly horizontal, but sometimes intermixed with vertical or only vertical; seeds with a hard brittle lustrous coat, the embryo annular or hippocrepiform. Plants annual, biennial more rarely perennial or shrubby, with rare exceptions glabrous, often farinose; leaves alternate, petiolate, the flat blade often incised- toothed. The genus contains about 250 species. Russian: mar'. 1. Plants with jointed or glandular hairs, very rarely quite glabrous (C.aristatum L.) and then inflorescence branches aristate-tipped, mostly pleasantly Scented... 6. «Flay wi 5 eos (ele, ee pee. 6)ln) se 2. + Plants glabrous or farinaceous by bladdery hairs, inodorous or fetid (withva"smell of rotten herrings)". o)/eaiie . oi). 00. eed. eee 6. 2. Flowers in regularly disposed glomerules; inflorescence mostly paniculate (Section 1. Ambrina Benth. et Spach) Be ee oe ee 3 + Flowers disposed in lower more or less regular dichasia (Section 2. Botryoides Ck Ani ies arts: eRe uted ne GOS. eee 4, 3. Leaves oblong, with remote obtuse teeth, on branches and in inflorescence much narrower and entire, the plant thus apparently heterophyllous; inflorescence leafy throughout; annuals ........... Bt oF MEST NLS cS? = ao OPES, toe DREAMS LICR REE ae earch S aie. C.ambrosioides L. * From the Greek chen,a goose,and podion, foot. 32 + Leaves rhombically oblong-ovate, dentate; inflorescence compact, leafless (bracts very small); ja(eic(esal alicad Ks) ONL, shane Meese Ant ae Pan Air aac ee en RE REIN an ares SM Gt 1. C. ambrosioides var. suffruticosa (Willd.) Aellen. Glabrous plants (Subsection Teloxis Aellen et Iljin)............ Se Ae RISE | MARR: Wit Seep emits cateee she bear Je 4. C.aristatum L. Glandular-hairy plants (Subsection Bot rys Aellen et Ijin) ..... Ds Bracteal leaves entire; perianth segments covered with glandular hairs, ecarinate; seeds with an interrupted groove or an annular miseTOr bothlonithe cir cumlerencersr. seis) So Sieh as 2. C.botrys L. Bracteal leaves lobate; perianth segments covered only with sessile glands, the keel tuberculate; seed obtusish on the circumference..... RNP 2 cr ET css Nah Bota ate arin eo eR ae eS a 3. C.foetidum Schrad. Segments of mature fruiting perianth fleshy, baccate, red (Section 3. Tire, (5 Useteienes A Velletc) ge er ee mR ce ee ee ren eer tye aa Te Perianth always herbaceous or membranaceous, green......... 27 AI glomerulesyin' the axils of bracteal leaves! 24... mesedeei a). 8. Upper glomerules not distinctly bracteate, grouped in spikelike HORS CeMe GSM ili.) Pussdeerar acer ewe tered eae 7. C.capitatum (L.) Asch. Leaves thin, entire, the blade nearly as broad as long; seeds distinctly Malm gl anaiT A ade fis weird jal ayad Tove tel lebalera Machetes: 2 6. C. korshinskyi Litw. Leaves comparatively thickish, repand-dentate, more elongated; seeds TOMMG.OF rounded Ova ly |x) < xayie YoXe ary-, ote 2S 5. C.foliosum (Moench) Asch. Perianth segments rather succulent, connate (at least in lateral flowers of the glomerule); perianth of 3 segments (Section 4. Mie ciemiral Aellen) ~ izes. ven. 20. 8. C. chenopodioides (L.) Aellen. Pesgianta seoments ofjall flowers -distinet tiers ict “esjanes wes leihite 1 Ue All seeds vertical; perennial plants with triangular-hastate leaves (Section 5. Agatophyton Benth. et Hook.) ...9. C. bonus henricus L. All seeds horizontal or both vertical and horizontal seeds present . 11. Terminal flowers in glomerules withperianth of 4 or 5 segments and horizontal seeds; lateral flowers with perianth of (2—3)3(—4) segments and vertical seeds (Section 6. Pseudoblitum Aellen)........ Ae Perianth of all flowers 5-merous; seeds horizontal (more rarely, in very compact glomerules, the number of segments is reduced and the seed is obliquely oriented) (Section 7. Chenopodia CRABS) ions a ae ious hepa ws, ha demetes ils @ Logy ase ope erent hee 3% Leaves white-farinose with yellow vein beneath, green and often Semtembhatidustrousrabevier JRE. ee ie ee ee 10. C. glaucum L. Leaves glabrous and green on both sides ........ ticeCarubrum LL, Mndershroibsucdins aibitiond cinta ciotedivere. 18. C.frutescens C. A. M. AMEE ANE SO. Pare Lt 2. RR cr etele Leena LP rs pen th aes he 14. Leaves short-acuminate, entire, the margin pellucid........... 15 Keaiunarornnotupe Mcidi wie... WiKi. Mood Le CERES ail lole wha ens 5 & 16. Leaves ovate or rounded-ovate. Kazakhstan and §. Siberia ......... Pee Ses OVO a. Show ees, EON RD 15. C. acuminatum Willd. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. Far East .........2.+0-ee6. TERT 645 COR CUA Barbe aU SMB ric besos Oi RO BE aLE REE Sena 16. C.vachelii Hook. et Arn. 33 16. Seeds yellowish-white; cultivated and naturalized plants......... a (i Suhail areal | illecin bli sie Gade tee OGRE SilCy Poet Ry Nee 30. ¥*C. quinoa Willd. + Seeds black or brown; plants not in cultivation ............ Vie 17. Surface of testa (strong magnification !)* more or less distinctly honeycomb-pitted, the pits hexagonal or rarely almost round... 18. + Surface of testa smooth or with scalpturing of pattern other than hone ycormi: hts eiaeihs Bees peas ee EI SANE Ae? ee a eee eee 25. 18. Seeds large, 1.5—2 mm in diameter; leaves more or less cordate at base, Coarselysinuate -dentates ine): tel) arte © 14. C.hybridum L. + Seeds smaller; leaves more or less narrowed at base ....... 19. 19. Honeycomb pits deep, sharp-edged, more or less regularly outlined TEER CORE Dis ses, Go se RRS we Bad cet we ln wile Seon Oe 20. “+ Honeycomb pits rather irregular and indistinct, with sometimes hardly. thickened .ed SeSrje. ih aher<) amie see h wae ARR OE eee 22. 20. Honeycomb pits closely adjacent, not separated by radial grooves (though these have been observed in East Asian specimens of C.Asiewotud num iy possiblyahybrids)ci.« 2 tence eta eee 2 + Radial grooves passing between the pits .. 30. ¥*C.hircinum Schrad. Bln Leaves markedly longer than broad, 3-lobed, the elongated middle lobe with more or less parallel margins, the lateral lobes inserted low down HITE A OSES. OT SR ED, NRE 30. C.serotinum L. + Leaves oval to broad-elliptic, more weakly 3-lobed, the middle lobed broadly rounded in apical part and faintly point-tipped, the lateral lobes inserted at about the middle... 2. 29. *C. berlandieri Mog. 22. Leaves oval, not clearly 3-lobed, more rarely broadly lanceolate and then entire; lateral lobes formed by 1 or 2 obtuse teeth and situated more or less at the middle of the leaf; prostrate plants... ENEMA IRD oe OT eM EMCO Nae Ege iteleenets. Oh aa LEG 18. C. prostratum Bge. + Leaves deltoid, rather clearly 3-lobed; lateral lobes situated mostly inthe towerIpart of theileal (blade re Wnrek. 2). Sy A 23. 2a. Perianth Ssepments not appressed to the @ruit: \. Ws ke.) .i) ee eee CE ee ay ene Set ee dot oe ae ES ROE ae 27. C.jenissejense Aellen et Ijin. 3F Perianth segments more or less appressed to the fruit ...-.. 24. 24. Plants mostly yellowish-green; leaves in typical specimens with sharply tapering 1- or 2-parted lateral lobes, the narrow middle lobe with more or less parallel margins or regularly acuminate and remotely and irregularly toothed with slightly pointed teeth ...... A Duke © Gach Mu we & 29. C.klinggraeffii (Abromeit) Aellen. oP The lateral lobes of leaves in typical specimens broad, mostly with 2 principal and 2 cr 3 subsidiary teeth; middle lobe mostly acuminate, Resulariy, andivclosely Sharpotoothed, b5 os gos» - ae 26. (Cx varide'si. 25. Plants with the odor of rotten herrings; leaves broadly ovate-deltoid webs PE ahs ae eRe 0S as AM tile le Sa tat OM GUNES We IS RMR LEE mel Fe 25. C.vulvaria L. + Plants not malodorous; leaves triangular-deltoid or elliptic to IATA SANE ae i Me TRS Wel a Mas or6)- Mestalla age oe Re een He Peta eC eons ee ch ellen ne 26. 26. Seeds dull, smooth, with a fine regular minutely flat-granular pattern; plants mostly glaucescent. Southern extremity of the European part of the USSR, of the Caucasus, and of Soviet Central Asia ......... Re ese eyed mg Reha ea Oke PIP Ment et Peg yas? Oy ere rene Schl 13. C.murale L. * In identification of critical species of this genus, the sculpturing of the testa plays a decisive role, being a consistent character for the various species. The use of magnification, such as provided by a microscope, is necessary. 34 + Seeds lustrous, with different sculpturing (not granular) ....... 2. 27. Plants never farinose; leaves ovate to suboblong, all strictly entire; inflorescences loose; fruiting perianthopen .. .12. C.polyspermum L. + Leaves mostly toothed, at least partly, or with some teeth or auricles only at base and sometimes only in lower leaves; plants different COMP CNEH PE CCCOLMIO hha Tahoe leas ameeiatte nee RN Br MRbat tie ie beg Ral 28. 28. Perianth glabrous or with scattered short yellowish globular bladder- SMSOSSL SUSY ae Se are ae eee Ou ecm Wi ea a Sn a ie a 1 (/oCrurbieum1.. + Perianth conspicuously and heavily farinose; bladderlike hairs LEWC SVS LS 2 Onl Sie A ee Ur a ie Ma A i YO ge ie oA ae eae 29. 29. Middle cauline leaves as long as broad, more or less distinctly MS CEO E ee UGE eRe SMe Roe ay SOSA TLE MS Gt itn ae GW iginge Nat ew eh ES 30. + Middiewcaveslionper than ‘broad tis) ke ORO ene Oe ol. 30. Middle lobe of leaves with more or less parallel margins, broad and gradually truncate at apex ........ 20. C.opulifolium Schrad. + Middle lobe gradually acuminate ..... 24. C.bryoniaefolium Bge. wee eaves elliptie-ovate, sparingly! toothed 2.20) fee ee ae 32. Larger leaves-deltoid or ovate to lanceolate, lobed-toothed or entire PERRY TRAE ERED nee mL UE TITER TOM SLI TRAN. A. GM EOMR Or ly Bid, MeO arm 2) Andee aly Th Sa: 32. Leaves with more or less parallel margins, mostly oblong-elliptic, entire or toothed and with one larger tooth in the lower part of the RS ELEC PRET TOME haa Re I SEIS UE EN GS Zi Castrrvetum* Roth. + Leaves rounded, oval-deltoid, entire or with one more or less prom- iment TOOL it Lievmiddle* part of the marein iy Cee eae “tia lla a Ml i ea a AS ge eS le AC 23. C.sosnowskyi Kapeller. 33. Leaves with a midvein and a pair of lateral veins arising at base... . -uicit lade gana eM a eth kU ae is A eRe ence ¥*C.pratericola Rydb. + Leaves with a midvein and several lateral veins arising above the REVS CCOPN AIM. Kore cee ea R I A AE We ca. og Ray ede Ey ERR Po eD h e SPL UR Naw Wk A Re a gee 2g 34. Bae ieee plants with large leaves. 2.0). 1... 22. C.giganteum Don. + Pianis of moderate size; leaves not large 2. ..:2 2. 19. C. album L. Section 1. AMBRINA Benth. et Hook. Gen. pl. III (1880) 51; Spach, Hist. nat. V (1836) 295 (as genus). — Plants mostly aromatic, with glandular jointed hairs and glands; flowers in regularly disposed glomerules; perianth normally with 5 segments more or less united to the middle; seeds mostly horizontal; embryo horseshoe-shaped. 1. C.ambrosioides L. Sp. pl. (1753) 219; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 704; Shmal'g., Fl. 1I,366.— Ambrina ambrosioides Spach, Hist. nat. veg. V (1836) 297.— Atriplex ambrosioides Crantz. Inst. 1 (1766) 207.— Blitum ambrosioides Beck. in Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV (1909) 118. — lee. Rehb., 1.e.,t.251, f. 1—10.— Exs.? Fl. exs. Austro-Hung no. 3846. Annual to perennial, 30—80cm high, aromatic, branched glabrous or with scattered hairs in upper part; leaves alternate, oval-elliptic to oblong, tapering at both ends, remotely and obliquely obtuse-toothed, covered on both surfaces with golden-yellow sessile glands, the middle ones 6—8cm long and 2—3 cm broad, those on upper branches and on peduncles often reduced and entire, hence the plant apparently heterophyllous; inflores- cences terminal panicles or only slender interrupted spikes, the subtending bracts several times the length of glomerules; flowers perfect and pistil- late; perianth segments 4 or 5, glabrate or rarely glandular; ovary covered 35 46 at the top with stalked retrorsely curved glands; seeds round or rounded- oval, 0.5—0.7mm indiameter, blackish-brown, smooth, lustrous, covered with thin easily detached lurid pericarp, either horizontal or vertical. June— September. Weed-infested places, rare. — European part: V.-Don, Bl., M. Dnp. (banks of the Dnieper); Caucasus: Transc. Gen.distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Afr., Aust.,N. and S.Am. (native in tropical America). Described from Mexico. Type in London. Note. A very polymorphous species. Only one race has so far been observed in Europe, namely subsp. euambrosioides Aellen (in Fedde Rep. Sp. nov. XXVI, 1929, 34), but this occurring in two varieties, the annual var. typicum (Spegazz.) Aellen (a more glabrous plant with leafy in- florescence) and perennial var. suffruticosum (Willd.) Aellen (more hairy, with almost leafless inflorescence). The second variety was usually reported erroneously by European botanists under the name C. anthel- minticum L. which is a North American race of C. ambrosioides L. and has not so far been found in Europe. Economic importance. Cultivated in various countries. The plant yields a colorless or faintly yellowish anthelmintic essential oil, with un- pleasant scent. The yield of oil is highest at fruit ripening and then begins to diminish. The oil resides in the glandular hairs of leaves and perianth. The active principle of the oil is peroxide-ascaridole (C,)H,,O,); its content fluctuates between 50 and 77% (highest at fruit ripening). Another ingredient of the oil is cymene, sometimes amounting to as much as 44%, the amount decreasing in this case with maturity. The yield of the essential oil from fruiting inflorescence attains up to 2.3% of air-dry weight; from vegetative parts rarely as much as 1%, especially from fresh shoots. According to Rutovskii, this oil is of value for the perfume industry. Far superior as regards oil yield is C. anthelminticum L. Its seeds and herbage also contain saponin. Section 2. BOTRYOIDES C.A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. 1 (1829) 410.— . Botrydium Spach, Hist. nat. V (1836) 298 (as genus). — Plants covered with jointed glandular hairs, rarely glabrous; flowers in dichasia or mono- chasia; seeds horizontal; embryo horseshoe-shaped. Subsection 1. BOTRYS Aellen et Iljin comb. nova; Koch. Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. ed. 1 (1837), 607 (as section of the genus Chenopodium).-— Branches of the dichasium not point-tipped; plants covered with glands and jointed hairs. 2. C.botrys L.Sp.pl. (1753) 219; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 704; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 366; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 887; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 136. — Ambrina botrys Mogq.Chenop. (1840) 37.— Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, fig. 253; Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 250, f. 1—9. — Exs.: Reipubl. Boh.-Slov. no.118. Annual, 15—60 cm high, yellowish-green, fragrant, glandular-hairy, branched; leaves alternate, petiolate, oblong, obtusely pinnatifid, with obtuse- toothed margin, the upper ones in the inflorescence more simple and 36 47 commonly entire; flowers in a pyramidal paniculate inflorescence, perfect, mostly 5-merous; perianth segments oblong, pointed, densely covered with glandular hairs; stamens 1—3; seeds horizontal, 0.5 —0.75 mm in diameter, little compressed, with an interrupted groove or with an annular ridge or with both alternating on the circumference, blackish-brown, somewhat lustrous, covered by a caducous variegated pericarp, with scattered broad irregular whitish stripes and speckles. July — August. (Plate III, Figure 1). Sandy soils, stony places, chalk, dry riverbeds, cultivated fields, and refuse dumps. — European part: U. Dnp. (S.), M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., S. and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt. (rare); Centr. Asia: throughout. Gen. distr.: Med., Afr., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Ind.-Him., Tib., Mong., China. Described from S. Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Used as moth repellent. Applied in popular medicine for treatment of asthma, catarrhal or spasmatic condition, and migraine. It yields very small quantities of sweet-smelling volatile oil. 3. C. foetidum Schrad. Magaz. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berl. (1808) 79; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II], 705; Shmal'g., Fl. Il, 366.— C.schraderianum Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 260.— Ambrina foetida Mog. Chenop. (1840) Boe ese chb» len). Germ. 2cxiV ) t. 251) f. 10. -Annual, 20—60cm high, strongly fetid, covered with glandular hairs and glands, branched; leaves alternate, petiolate, oblong, obtusely pinnatifid, the uppermost in inflorescence reduced but also lobed; flowers ina pyramidal panicle; perianth segments covered with sessile glands, prominently keeled on the back, the keel strongly toothed or tuberculate; seeds horizontal, 0.5 —1 mm in diameter, lenticular, with bluntish margin, slightly concave at the hilum, black, lustrous, glabrous, covered by a thin scarious minutely papillose pericarp. July—September. Weed-infested places; cultivated and naturalized. — European part: U. Dnp.(S.), M. Dnp., Bl.; Caucasus: Dag., E. and S. Transce. Gen. distr.: tropics and subtropics; native in Africa. Described from European Specimens. Economic importance. Apparently of similar uses as the preceding species. Subsection 2. TELOXIS Aellen et Ijin comb. nova. — Teloxis Mog. in Ann. sc. nat. sér. 2,1 (1834) 289 (as genus). — Flowers in symmetrical dichasia; flowering branchlets mostly awn-tipped. Plants glabrous (USSR) or with sparse glands and jointed hairs. 4. C.aristatum L. sp. pl. (1753) 221; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 888; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. 1IV,137.— Teloxis aristata Mog. in Ann. Sc.nat. sér. 2, I, 40 (1814) 289; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 693; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. II, 1 (1856) 16.— Lecanocarpus aristatus Zucc. in Mart. Hort. Monac. (1829) 56. —Ic.: Gmel. Fl. Sib. Mittal f.1s eleaYuso-Vieosti ive tie. 254. — Exs.: HFR no. 481. Annual, 5 —30cm high, green, subsequently reddening, strongly branched from base, covered especially below with very short hairs; branches 37 49 spreading; leaves alternate, lanceolate to linear, obtuse, gradually narrowed toward base, entire; flowers in crotches of the upper leafless part of the stem and of the branches, these prickle-pointed or rarely none (var. virginicum (L.) Aellen et Kloss.); flowers sessile, in lower part of the inflorescence perfect, in upper part pistillate; perianth glabrous, with obtuse segments; seeds horizontal, round, 0.4—0.6mmin diameter, depressed at the top, very narrowly rimmed, blackish-brown. July — September. (Plate III, Figure 2). Outcrops, stony and sandy steppe soils, as weed in cultivated and old fields, and ruderal. — European part: L. Don (Belovodsk area), V.-Kama (E.), Transv. (E.); W. Siberia: Ob (S.), U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis. (S.), Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol. (S.); Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss.; Centr. Asia: Balkh. (N.). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Jap.-Ch., N. Am. Described from Siberia. Type in London (?). Economic importance. A common field weed in Siberia. Section 3. EUBLITUM Aellen in Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel XLI (1930) 103.— Blitum L. Sp. pl. (1753), 4 (gen.). -Monocarpus Adans. Fam. II (1763) 261 (gen.). —Plants glabrous or covered with bladdery hairs; perianth with 3 (-5) distinct segments, berrylike in fruit; seed vertical; embryo horseshoe-shaped. 5. C.foliosum (Moench) Aschers. Prodr. Fl. Brandenb. I (1864) 572; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 369; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 147.— C.virgatum (L.) Jessen (non Thunberg) Deutsch. exc. fl. (1879) 300; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 889.— C. Blitum F. Mill. Sel. Pl. Ind. cult. (1876) 49.— Blitum virgatum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 4; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 706. — Mono - carpus foliosus Moench, Meth. (1794) 342. —Iec.- Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenf. III, 1a, f.R-U; Syreishch., Ill. Fl. Mosk. g. II, 87. — Exs.: Fl. polon. exs. no.987 (sub Blito). Vernacular: zhminda. Annual, 15 —80cm high, glabrous; stem branched, rarely simple, leafy to the top; leaves alternate, green on both sides; radical and lower cauline leaves long-petioled, sinuate-dentate, hastate or ovate to triangular-ovate, sometimes broadly triangular (f.latifolium Fenzl, l.c.), acute, broadly cuneate from obliquely notched base, the lower teeth often retrorse; middle leaves with shorter petioles, oblong-ovate, the lower teeth often spreading; upper leaves in the inflorescence narrower, with antrorse lower teeth or sometimes entire; very rarely leaves broadly hastate- triangular and entire (var.hastatum Fenzl,l.c.=Blitum peéetiolare Link, Enum. Hort. Berol.1,1821,8=B.tataricum Bess. Cat. H. Kremenec., 1816, 23). — Flowers in compact glomerules borne in the axils of leafy inflorescence, perfect, mostly 3-merous; fruiting perianth fleshy, reddening, berrylike; stameni1; seed vertical, globular or globular-pyriform, 1—1.25mm long, smooth, blackish-brown, scarcely lustrous, slightly compressed, the circumference rimmed by a broad band with a shallow longitudinal groove. July —August. (Plate III, Figure 3). Stony slopes, limestone and chalk, also ruderal places. — European part: throughout except Kar.-Lap. and Dv.-Pech.; Caucasus: throughout; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: 38 50 throughout. Gen. distr.: throughout W. Eur., As.-Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Ind.-Him., Tib., Mong., Dzu.-Kash. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Used in some places as a foliage vegetable. The succulent glomerules, which have a cloying sweet taste, are sometimes used as a dainty; they contain a red pigment which may be used to improve the color of wine. The seeds contain saponin. 6. C.korshinskyi Litw. in Trav. Mus. Bot. VII (1910) 77.— Blitum korshinskyi Litw.,l.c., 76. Annual, 5— 20cm high, glabrous, green; with ascending stem and slender low branches; leaves alternate, thin, often somewhat transparent, triangular - hastate, mostly obtusish, entire or with occasional obtuse teeth, broadly cuneate at base, nearly as broad as long, gradually decreasing in size up the stem, the lower ones with very long petioles; flowers perfect with an intermixture of pistillate ones, in axillary glomerules of 1—15; glomerules to 3mm in diameter, adnate to petiole near its base, borne nearly from the base of the stem; perianth 4- or rarely 5-merous; stamens 1 or 2; seeds vertical, ovaloid, ca. 1mm long and 0.75 mm broad, strongly exserted, plumpish especially in upper part, slightly depressed transversely or somewhat slantingly, the groove around the circumference disappearing only near the radicle and here transformed into a rib, blackish-brown, obscurely tuberculate-dotted, scarcely lustrous, with a thin scarious pericarp. May —June. Rocks. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Darvaz). Endemic. Described from Tadzhikistan, from a locality between Dashtak and Kergovat. Type in Leningrad. Note. So far known only from one location. This species has not yet been sufficiently explored and it may be merely a shaded rupestrian form of the preceding species. 7. C.capitatum (L.) Aschers. Fl. Prov. Brandb. I (1864) 572.— Blitum capitatum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 4; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 707; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. II, 2,21.—B.tataricum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8 (1768) Nor. shes:y (Rehby less German XX Vert. 2545 4. 1 8. Annual, 15 —60cm high, glabrous, mostly branched; leaves alternate, especially the lower ones long-petioled, triangular, subhastate at base, entire or with occasional large teeth or sometimes repand-dentate, acute, more densely approximate below, disappearing in the inflorescence; glomerules rather large, disposed in a compact leafless spikelike inflorescence, only in more distant and bracteate lower part of inflorescence; perianth 3-merous, in central flowers 4-> or 5-merous, reddening in fruit and becoming juicy and berrylike; stamen 1; seeds vertical, ovaloid or globular, mostly ca. 1mm in diameter (0.75 —1.25 mm), with convex faces, on the more convex side with a sharp narrow ridge-shaped margin, blackish-brown, somewhat lustrous, almost smooth, covered by a smooth scarious pericarp. July-August. Cultivated and naturalized, occurring sporadically. Reported for European part: M. Dnp., U. V., L. Don; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (Irkutsk). Gen. distr.: throughout W. Europe except the North, but sporadically. Described from the Tyrol region in W. Europe. Type in London. 39 o1 Economic importance. Used like spinach, but of rather poor quality. Also grown for ornament. The seeds contain saponin. The fruits yield a dye used to impart red color to wine and as rouge. Section 4. DEGENIA Aellen in Magyar Bot. Lapok XXV (1926—1927) 56; Verh. nat. forsch. Ges. Basel, XLI (1930) 100. — Plants covered with bladdery hairs (farinaceous); perianth of terminal flowers in the glomerule 3— 5-parted, the segments distinct almost down to base; seeds horizontal; perianth of lateral flowers 3-lobed, the segments united almost to the summit, the seeds vertical; embryo annular. 8. C. chenopodioides (L.) Aellen in Ostenia (1933) 98.— Blitum chenopodioidesa@ L. Mant. II (1771) 170.—Chenopodium poly- morphum $8 chenopodioides Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 708. —C.crassifolium Hornem. Hort. Hafn. (1813) 254; Aellen in Mag. Bot. Lap. XXV (1926) 55.—C.botryoides Smith, Engl. Bot. XXXII (1811) t. 2247; Kerner in Osterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XXV (1875) 219. — C.rubrum var. botryoides Asch.et Gr. Syn. V (1913) 98 (non Sonder), p.p.; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 146 (pp.). —Blitum polymor- phum C. A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 13 (pp.); Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 707 (pp.); Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 890 (pp.). — B. polymorphum Berassifolium Chenop. (1840) 45 (pp.). —B.rubrum €crassifolium Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 84 (pp.). — Chenopodium astrachani- cum Ldb. Cat. Hort. Dorp. (1829).—Oxybasis minutiflora Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 739. Annual, to 50cm high, with an erect or ascending stem, glabrous, except for young leaves farinose beneath; leaves broadly triangular-deltoid, to 9cm long and 7cm broad, mostly sharply sinuate-dentate, often with larger lowest tooth, or subentire, acuminate or obtuse, mostly broad at base and long-tapering toward the petiole, fleshy; glomerules either in a strongly branched terminal almost leafless pyramidal panicle or in sparingly flowered axillary inflorescences; perianth segments of lateral flowers connate, succulent, completely enclosing the fruit and then coriaceous, finely striated longitudinally, with a green winged keel, scarcely narrowed toward the summit, rather strongly toothed; terminal flowers in the glomerules regularly 5-parted, the seed horizontal (in lateral flowers vertical), the segments distinct downto base; fruit with a thin easily detachable lurid pericarp; seeds small, 0.3—0.5(—1) mmindiameter, the reddish-brown coarsely punctate testa with scattered impressed flexuous lines or rather indistinctly reticulate. July — September. Wet solonchaks. — European part: Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V., Transv.; Caucasus: Cise.) -W ssiberia: U..Tob.; Irt.; Alt; E. Siberia: Ang SSayae Dau.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Syr D. Gen. distr.: S. part of Atl. Eur., Med., Centr. Eur., Bal.-As. Min., Dzu.-Kash., Mong. (?), N. Am., S. Afr. Described from ''Tartaria.'' Type in London. Note. Avariable plant. One of the varieties has a sturdy erect stem and rather large triangular sinuate-toothed leaves with lobelike basal tooth, and 40 —60-flowered glomerules disposed in terminal inflorescences 40 52 (var.lengyelianum Aellen). Another variety is characterized by weak procumbent stems and ascending branches, rounded-lobed entire radical leaves, the broadly rounded-triangular or lance-deltoid stem leaves with an obtuse basal lateral tooth and a few small and indistinct upper teeth, and the 10 —20-flowered glomerules in axillary inflorescences or, in addition, obscurely terminal ones (var.degenianum Aellen). The axillary inflorescences are often capitate (f. glomeratum Aellen =C.rubrum var.glomeratum Wallr. Sched. crit. (1822) 507). This species has been repeatedly confounded with C.rubrum L. and its distribution has not so far been satisfactorily established, probably being more extensive than indicated above. Section 5. AGATOPHYTON (Mogq.) Benth. et Hook. Gen. pl. III (1880) 52; Agatophyton Mog. in Ann. Sc. nat.2 sér. 1 (1834) 191 (gen.). - Anserina Dumort. Fl. Belg. (1827) 21 (gen.). — Plants glabrous or farinaceous; seed vertical, longer than perianth, reniform; stigmas long; embryo horseshoe- shaped. 9. C. bonus henricus* L. Sp. pl. (1753) 218; Shmal'g., Fl. II 369. — Blitum bonus henricus C.A.M. in Ldb. Fl. alt. 1 (1829) 11; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 708. — Agatophytum bonus henricus Mog. in Ann. Se. nat. 2 sér., II, 1 (1834) 291. —Ic.: Syreishch., Ill. Fl. Mosk. g. II, 88; Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 257, f.1 —5 (sub Blito). — Exs.: P. Schultz. Fl.Germ.18 [IX 1900. Perennial, 15 —60cm high, somewhat viscid and slightly farinaceous; stems numerous, mostly unbranched; leaves alternate, long-petioled, triangular-hastate to subsagittate, acute or acuminate, entire or slightly repand, somewhat lustrous, the uppermost ovate-lanceolate or evennarrower; inflorescence a spikelike panicle, leafy in lower part; terminal flowers in glo- merules, perfect, 5-merous; lateral ones 3- or 4-merous, with2 or 3 stamens or more often pistillate; perianth segments obtuse, ecarinate, irregularly toothed at the summit; seeds always vertical, broadly reniform, 1.5—2 mm long, with obtuse margins, black, lustrous, smooth, obscurely striate longitudinally from 2 obtuse angles (magnifier!); pericarp thin, scarious. May — August. Refuse dumps and gardens. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama (2), U. Dnp., M. Dnp. Gen. distr.: throughout Europe, N.Am. Described from W. Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Used in some places as wild spinach. The plant was widely cultivated in W. Europe during the Middle Ages before the introduction of garden spinach at the time of the Crusades. The young shoots are eaten like asparagus. An infusion of the foliage is applied in popular medicine against scab, and an infusion of the roots against chronic rash. The herbage contains saponin. Section 6. PSEUDOBLITUM Aellen in Verh. naturforsch. Ges. Basel XLI (1930) 102, gen. — Differing from the section Degenia in the perianth segments of all flowers being distinct down to base. * Named for Henry IV of Navarre (16th century). 41 53 54 10. C. glaucum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 220; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 700; Shmal'e.) Fl. 1b) 3683). Kryl., Bls4apsib. IV) 891 > Ib inv ime iayvagoe-VestalvE 144.—Blitum glaucum Koch Syn. ed. 1 (1837) 608; Turcz. FI. baic.-dah. II, 2,22.—- Orthosporum glaucum Peterm. FI. Bienitz. (1841) 94.— Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 248, f.1 —9; Syreishch., Ill. Fl. Mosk. g. II, 86.— Exs.: Reliq. Mailleanae, no. 1628. Annual, 5—75cm high, glabrous; stem prostrate, ascending, or more rarely erect, mostly branched, glabrous; leaves alternate, petiolate, oblong, more rarely linear, ovate, or subovate, obtuse, cuneate at base, remotely coarsely and mostly obtusely sinuate-dentate, rarely subentire, farinose beneath, with a yellowish-green midvein, very rarely almost monochromatic (f.concolor Beck. Fl. Nieder-Oester. Cr 890) ea) green and glabrous above; flowers perfect, mostly 3-merous, the terminal in inflorescence 5-merous; perianth glabrous; stamens 1—5, mostly 3 or 4; seeds mostly horizontal, sometimes intermixed with vertical, subglobular, 0.5 —0.75 mm in diameter, depressed from above, Somewhat concave, at center or eccentrically, with narrow but rounded margin, blackish-brown, lustrous, rather inconspicuously reticulate in middle part and smooth on the periphery; pericarp smooth, scarious, caducous. July —September. Solonchaks, riverbanks and lakeshores, gardens, and refuse dumps. — European part: throughout; Caucasus: everywhere except Tal. (?); W. Siberia: throughout from 60° N. lat.; E. Siberia: Yenis. (S.), Ang.-Say., Dau.; \Far Bast:! Ze--BuyUss-)Okh Sakh.; Kameh:;!'CeéntroAsia: throughout, but rare in Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., and Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: throughout W. Eur., Iran., Ind.-Him., Tib., Mong., Manch., Korea, Greenland; related races occur in Africa, Australia, and North America. Described from W. Europe. Type in London. Note. In places where C.glaucum L. and C.rubrum L. grow together, their hybrid, C.schulzeanum Murr.occurs. It is more like C.rubrum in aspect, but the farinose young leaves and the characteristic midvein place it close to C.glaucum. Economic importance. A garden weed. The vegetative parts contain saponin. According to Larin, the plant is readily eaten by camels. 11. C. rubrum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 218; Shmal'g., Fl. Il, 369 (pp.); Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 891 (pp.); Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 890 (pp.). — Blitum polymorphum C.A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 13 (pp.); Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 707 (pp.). —Ie.: Syreishch., Ill. Fl. Mosk. g. II, 87. — Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No. 604; Fl. exs. Austro-Hung. No. 3848. Annual, to 100 cm high, glabrous, soon reddening, with an erect main stem; lower branches prostrate, ascending at the tips; leaves mostly fleshy, to 11cm long and 9cm broad, ovate-deltoid, irregularly and deeply sinuate-lobed or toothed, with the lower teeth more prominent and lobelike, more rarely almost pinnately toothed or entire, cuneately narrowed at base to a long petiole, the upper ones mostly acuminate; flowers in axillary or terminal spikelike inflorescences, more rarely in broader loose inflorescences; terminal flowers in the glomerules often absent, at base with 4—5-parted perianths and keelless segments; lateral flowers of glomerules with 3-lobed perianths parted to base; fruiting perianth lurid, scarious, slightly enlarging; seeds subglobular or globular-ovaloid, more or less compressed, 0.5—0.75 mm in diameter, rarely but 0.3mm (f.micro- spermum Litw.), dark reddish-brown, closely puncticulate. 42 Solonetzes, refuse dumps, gardens, shores. — European part: throughout; Caucasus: Cisc., E. Transce.; W.Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Centr. Asia: most probably throughout. Gen. distr.: throughout W. Europe, Asia Minor, Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Manch. (?),N. Am. Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. Because of frequent confounding with C.chenopodioides (L.) Aellen, the distribution of this species has so far been very inadequately determined; it is clear, however, that in the steppe-desert zone it occurs only sporadically and is largely confined there to river valleys and to weed-infested and ruderal places. Economic importance. Used in some countries as a salad vegetable and for preparation of a borschlike soup. Employed in popular medicine for treatment of contusions and wounds. Section 7. CHENOPODIA C. A. M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 403 (p. p.); Kosteletzky, Allg. med. phar. Fl. V (1835) 1431. — Plants mostly farinose due to short bladdery hairs or glabrous; flowers normally 5-merous; perianth segments distinct to the middle or down to base; seeds horizontal, rarely in abnormal cases oblique or vertical; stigmas 2, short; embryo annular. Series 1. Undata Aellen et Iljin. — Seeds with irregular gaps in the reticulum and an acute ridgelike margin. 12. C. polyspermum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 220; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 693; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 366; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 882; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 138.—C.angustifolium Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. II (1792) 437. — Oligandra atriplicoides Less. in Linnaea IX (1834) 199. — Lipandra atriplicoides Mog. Chenop. (1840) 19.—Ic.: Syreishch., ii Pt Mosk e. liap.eo: Rchbile. £1]. Germ. XXIVjt..23651401 37. Gixst: HFR no. 433. Annual, 10 —100 cm high, glabrous, with erect or ascending stem; leaves except the lowermost alternate, petiolate, ovate or oval or spatulate, the upper ones lanceolate, all entire, rounded-cuneate at base, acute or obtuse, mucronate or retuse; flowers in both axillary and terminal verticillate- spiciform inflorescences, perfect, 5-merous; perianth segments oval short-pointed or emarginate, glabrous or with scattered glands; stamens 1—3, more rarely 5; seeds round, 0.75 —1mm in diameter, depressed, blackish-brown, lustrous, obscurely reticulate with radially elongate pits; pericarp thin, scarious, rather inconspicuously closely radially rugose. July —September. (Plate 3, Figure 4). Sandy river bluffs, shores, limans, weed-infested places and refuse dumps.— European part: throughout; Caucasus: throughout; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Ob, Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol. (adventive). Gen. distr.: throughout Europe, Asia Minor. Described fromW. Europe. Type in London. Note. This species can be readily divided into two varieties: var. acutifolium Beck. = C.acutifolium Sm. Comp. FI. Brit. (1800) 42; C.marginatum Sprg. in Hornm. Hort. Hafn. 1 (1807) 256; C.poly- spermumaspicatum Mog. Chenop. (1840) 19— a pale green often 43 56 reddish-tinged plant with an erect stem, commonly acute leaves, and a compact spikelike inflorescence; var.cymosum Cheval —a dark green plant with ascending or decumbent stems, obtuse leaves, and a loose inflorescence. Economic importance. The young shoots are used in some localities as a vegetable. The plant provides a popular remedy for headaches. Used by fishermen as a bait. The ash of this plant is rich in potash. 13. C.murale L. Sp. pl. (1753) 219; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 702; Shale" H ily s60.— C lucrdun Gilib.wocers. page. uh (1792) 440. —Ic.: Rehbrlict Bl. (Germ-n SOV st2 fot. 1 be Psat HB. ALM, noe 2295 Annual, 30 —100cm high, mostly dark green, glabrous or merely on youngest leaves farinose,branched; stem erect; leaves alternate, long- petioled, ovate-rhombic, mostly as broad as long, rarely more elongate lance-rhombic, acute or acuminate, cuneately narrowed at base, irregularly and coarsely dentate, somewhat lustrous, paler beneath; flowers ina paniculate inflorescence, perfect, 5-merous; perianth segments keeled, entire,mostly farinose,enclosed in fruit; seeds round,1—1.5 mm indiameter, depressed, with acute margin and a small depression near the hilum, black, somewhat lustrous, almost smooth; pericarp scarious, finely grooved. July —September. (Plate III, Figure 7). Weed-infested places and refuse dumps. — European part: U. V. (?), V.-Don (Kharkov), Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: E. Transec.; Centr. Asia: sae IDR Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen.distr.: throughout W. Europe, Afr., As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Ind.-Him., Aust., Am. Described from W. Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Eaten in France as a salad vegetable. The seeds have been used in times of famine as a substitute for bread. Series 2. Grossefoveata Aelien et Iljin. — Seeds with large deep pits and rounded margins. 14. C. hybridum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 219; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 702; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. II, 2 (1856) 18; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 367; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 886; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 139. — Ic.: Syreishch., Il. Fl. Mosk. g. Typ: 845; \Rehb. Ic. Pl.Germys XXIV ,.12243,4. 16 et t. 244) £. 1 bo ian no. 227. Annual, 25 —100 cm high, glabrous, with simple or branched stem; leaves alternate, long-petioled, ovate to triangular-ovate, mostly thin, rarely turgid (f.crassiusculum Zapal. Consp. Fl. galic. crit. II (1908) 154), sinuate- dentate, with 1—4 long-pointed teeth on each side, rarely entire (f. subinte - grum Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 68), slightly cordate or rounded- subtruncate or rarely cordate-hastate at base (f.hastatum Peterm. Fl. Lips. (1838) 200), acuminate; flowers in a loose paniculate inflorescence, perfect, 5-merous; perianth segments obtuse or emarginate, covered with sessile often short-stalked glands or these confined to the branches of inflorescence; seeds round, 1.5—2mm in diameter, depressed, black, rather dull, rather shallowly reticulate-pitted, bluntly keeled on the margin; pericarp thin, scarious, smooth, with pits duplicating those of the seed. July —September. (Plate III, Figure 6). ree, Hr Me g Ly, We oa PLATE Ill. Seeds: 1. Chenopodium botrys L.— 2. C.aristatum L.— 3. C.foliosum (Moench) Asch.— 4. C.polyspermum L.— 5. C.urbicum L.— 6. C.hybridum L.— 7. C.murale L.— 8. C.frutescens C.A.M.— 9. C.bryoniaefolium Bge.— 10. C.serotinum L.: a) general view of the seed, b) a fragment of sculpturing.— 11. C.acuminatum Willd.— 12. C.album L.: a) general view of the seed, b) a fragment of sculpturing.— 13. C.klinggraefii (Abromeit) Aellen.— 14. C.viride L.: a) general view, b) a fragment of sculpturing. (Seeds in figures 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 18, and 14, with a portion of the scarious pericarp on the right). 45 59 Woods and gardens, weed-infested places and refuse dumps. — European part: throughout except Kar.-Lap. and Dv.-Pech.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., S.and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob (S.), U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol., Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Uda; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. (rare), Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: throughout Europe, N. Afr., Dzu.-Kash., Ind.-Him., Tib., Mong., Jap. -Ch. (Manchuria, Korea), N. Am. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Stramonium-scented, it contains the active element leucine (chenopodin), CsH,;NO,, and is poisonous to swine. A popular remedy for erysipelas and a general analgesic. Series 3. Acuminata Aellen et [ljin. — Species of this series differ from all the others in having a pellucid leaf margin. 15. C.acuminatum Willd. in Schrift. d. naturf. Gesellsch. z. Berlin II (1799) 124; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 694; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. II, 2 (1856) 17; Keryl., El Zapisie-1V, $82.—iIc.: Willd., l.c., t. ama ae edb Tesi: Fl. Ross. II, t. 168. — Exs.: Kar. et Kir. pl. soong. no. 1908. Annual, 10 —50cm high, with an erect branched stem, farinose in upper part; leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate or rhombic-ovate, the lower ones obtusish, terminating in a short often caducous tip, the upper ones acute, all entire, commonly narrowly red-rimmed at the margin, rounded at base or more rarely cuneately narrowed into the petiole, mostly farinose beneath; flowers in leafless spikelike inflorescences forming a pyramidal panicle, 5-merous; perianth segments keeled, enveloping the fruit; seeds horizontal, rounded or rounded-oval, 0.75—1.25 mm in diameter, depressed from the top, with a sharp-keeled margin, black, lustrous; pericarp thin, scarious,farinaceous. June —September. (Plate Ill, Figure THe Sands, stony slopes, sandy pine woods, and weed-infested places. — W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis. (rare), Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Altai. Type in Berlin. Note. This species is usually separated into four forms, according to leaf shape: f.ovatum (Fenzl) Aellen (=var.ovatum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1851) 695), with relatively large leaves broadly rounded or subtruncate at base; f.virgatum (Mogq.) Aellen (=v.vir gatum Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2, 1849, 63), with smaller leaves broadly cuneate- tapering into the petiole; f.farinosum Aellen, with all leaves heavily farinose especially beneath; and f.pusillum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill (1851) 695, characterized by very low growth, oblong obtuse leaves, and spikelike inflorescerce interrupted at base. 16. C.vachelii Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. (1841) 269.— C.acutifolium Hook. et Arn.,l.c.,207.— C.acuminatum var.vachelii Mog.in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 63. Annual, 10 —15 cm high, with mostly reddish erect branched stem; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, entire, with pellucid margin, narrowed to a short petiole, acuminate at apex, green and glabrous above, grayish-farinaceous beneath; inflorescences terminal, spikelike, leafless except near the base, the rachis covered with bladdery botuliform hairs; 46 perianth segments distinct to the base, keeled, with occasional bladdery hairs; seeds round, 1 —1.3mm in diameter, black, lustrous, smooth with fugacious sculpturing; pericarp scarious, mostly somewhat pustulose or almost smooth. Coastal rocks. — Far East: Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from China and the Ryukyu Islands. Series 4. Lejosperma Aellen et Iljin. — Testa more or less smooth. 17. C.urbicum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 218; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 701; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 367; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. II, 2 (1856) 19; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 887; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 140.—C.melanospermum Wallr. Sched. crit. (1822) 112. —C. chrysomelanospermum Zuccani in Roem. Collect. (1809 ?) 134. — Ic.: Syreishch., Ill. Fl. Mosk. g. II, p. 84; Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 246, f. 1 —6 et t. 247, f. 1 —3. — Exs.: Sennen Pl. d'Espagne, no. 440. Annual, 25 —100cm high, glabrous, sometimes the youngest parts but slightly farinaceous, rarely the leaves strongly farinose beneath (f.incanum Beck. in Rchb., 1. c.); stem erect, simple or branched; leaves alternate, petiolate, triangular or triangular-hastate, acute, truncate at base or more often cuneately narrowed to the petiole from an obliquely notched base, coarsely and slopingly sinuate-dentate on the margin or rarely subentire, somewhat indurated, on both surfaces pale green, the upper ones narrower; flowers in a compressed inflorescence, more rarely a loose broader one (f.cymosum Ludwig in Asch. et Gr. Syn. V (1913) 37), perfect, 5-parted; perianth segments ecarinate, obtuse or emarginate, glabrous; seeds ca.1mm in diameter, rarely to 0.75mm (f.micro- spermum Asch.et Gr.,l.c.,p=C.microspermum Wallr. Sched. crit. (1822) 112), black, lustrous, smooth, with faint reticulation; pericarp thin, scarious, short-papillose. July —September. (Plate III, Figure 5). Rubbish dumps and roadsides; growing in groups. — European part: throughout except Kar.-Lap. and Dv.-Pech.; Caucasus: throughout; W. Siberia: throughout; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu. (?), Uss.; Centr. Asia: Ar. -Casp., Balkh., Pam.-Al. (Kabadian). Gen. distr.: throughout W. Europe, As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Manch. Described from W. Europe. Type in London. Note. This species occurs intwo mainvarieties: var.vulgare Neilr. Fl. Wien (1846) 190 (=C.urbicum edeltoideum Neilr. Fl. Niedev.-Oesterr. (1859)279.=C. melanospermum Wallr. Sched. crit. (1882), 122.=C. ur- bicum @a melanospermum Asch. Fl. prov. Brand. I. (1864) 569) — leaves triangular, about as long as broad, shortly rounded or obtusely cuneate at base; and var. intermedium Koch, Syn. ed. 1 (1837) 605=C.intermedium Mert. et Koch Deutsch. FI. II (1826) 297=C.rhombifolium Miuhl. ex Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol (1809) 288 =C.urbicum var.rhombifolium Mog. Chenop. (1840) 32). — leaves markedly longer than broad, long-tapering at base into the petiole. Economic importance. A ruderal plant widely distributed in southern regions. The leaves are sometimes used like spinach and the seeds sometimes serve as a substitute for millet. 18. C.frutescens C. A. M. in Ldb. FI. Alt. I (1829) 408; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 695; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 884. —Ic.: Ldb.Ic.pl.Fl.Ross.I, t.10. 47 61 62 Undershrub, 10—40 cm high, with the odor of rotten herrings (trimethyla- mine), particularly noticeable when inflorescences are crushed; stem short, woody, rather slender, grayish, bearing rather short ligneous branchlets, the grayish-farinose shoots unbranched or slightly branched; leaves alternate, ovate or oval, obtusish or more often acute, at base rounded or narrowedtoa short petiole, entire, thickish, grayish-farinose; flowers ina rather compact spiciform-paniculate leafless inflorescence, perfect, 5-merous; perianth segments elliptic, farinose, sharply keeled; seeds horizontal, round, slightly depressed, 1—1.5 mm in diameter, blackish-brown, glabrous and lustrous, with a blunt margin, obscurely sculptured; pericarp thin, scarious, whitish, farinaceous. July—August. (Plate III, Figure 8). Gravelly, solonetzic,and sandy -solonetzic desert steppes. — W. Siberia: Alt. Gen.distr.: Mong. Described from the Chuya Steppe near Kosh-Agach. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Contains trimethylamine (C,H,N). 19..C. album L.. Sp. pls (1753) 219; Shmal'g., Fl: 1, 367; ['in-in, FY; Yugo-Vost. IV, 141; Fenzl.in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 697; Turcez. Fl. baic.-dah. II, 2,19; Kom. Fl. Mandsh. II, 153; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 901; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 885. — Ic.: Kom. and Alis., Opred rast. Dal'nevost. kr. I, fig. 145 A; Syreishch., Il. Fl. Mosk. g. II, p.85.— Exs.: H. F.A.M.no. 109. Annual, 10—300 cm high, mostly strongly branched, nearly always clearly farinose; leaves oval-deltoid to oblong-deltoid, more rarely lanceolate, the largest unevenly toothed, more rarely entire, the lowest tooth often enlarged into a 1—3-parted lobe, the middle division more or less uniformly tapering, acute or rarely with more or less parallel margins and then obtuse or rounded, the base of the blade cuneate or rounded, tapering to a petiole of varying length, the apex clearly apiculate; glomerules disposed in spikelike inflorescences forming a much branched leafy panicle, or in axillary and terminal almost leafless cymose inflorescences; perianth segments keeled; perianth easily detached, lurid, smooth or pustulose- farinose; seeds ca. 1—1.25 mm in diameter, black, lustrous, with faint radial grooves or almost smooth, with rather acute margin. July—September. (Plate III, Figure 12 a—b). A common weed of field and garden crops, also refuse dumps, roadsides, etc. — Abundant in all regions of the USSR, rarer in Arctic regions, chiefly in river valleys. Gen.distr.: cosmopolitan. Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. A species extremely variable in all its parts, containing many known varieties and forms. We Shall indicate only the principal varieties occurring in the Soviet Union: 1) var. eualbum Ludwig.s str. in Schinz u. Keller. Fl. Schw. II, 1914,95. (=>C. album subsp.eualbum Ludw. in Asch. et Gr. Syn. V, 1913, 40, pro parte) — leaves ranging in shape from deltoid to lanceolate, clearly longer than broad, mostly with a larger and sometimes double lowest tooth but not markedly 3-lobed, gradually attenuate toward apex — widely distributed throughout the USSR; 2) var.borbasii (Murr.) Ludw.in Schinz. u. Keller Fl. Schw. II (1914) 95 (= C. borbasii Murr. Prog. Oberr. Innsbr. 18991, 56) — large leaves, scarcely longer than broad, the low-seated lateral lobes broad and 2-parted, the short and broad middle lobe sinuate-dentate, with almost parallel margins and apiculate from an obtuse apex; inflorescence compact — occurring in the Caucasus; 48 3) var.microphyllum Boenn. Fl. Monast. (1824) 77 (= C. concate- natum auet! (pp.)/non Thuil. = C. album var..concatenatum auct.) — mostly smaller in all parts; leaves long-petioled, longer than broad, acuminate, entire or with occasional sharp teeth and then deltoid in outline, or with only the lowest tooth developed and then oval- elliptic; seeds ca. 0.8mm in diameter — this variety occurring in its typical form in the North German Plain, appearing sporadically and not always readily distinguishable from the next variety; 4) var.novopo- krovskyanum Aellen (= C. leptophyllum Murr. in Mag. Bot. Lap. II, 1903, 5, non Nutt.) — coarsely branched erect plants 40—60cm high, mostly in all parts, at least initially, heavily farinose; leaves broadly oval-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3cm long and 1 cm broad, rounded at both ends, with 1 minute tooth below the middle, mucronate, with a basal pair of veins and distant remaining veins in the middle and upper part of the blade (cf.C. lepto- phyllum), the petiole less than half as long as the blade; glomerules in leafless pyramidal terminal or in leafy axillary inflorescences except at the summit; perianth segments narrow, almost winged-keeled, broadly white-margined, stellately spreading in fruit; pericarp more easily detached in var.eualbum; seeds small, conspicuously grooved, ca. 0.75 mm in diameter — occurring in the European part of the USSR, in Kazakhstan, the steppe part of W. Siberia, and Central Asia; 5) var.pseudoficifolium Turcez. in Bull. Mose. XXV (1852) 411 — a large plant with virgate branches; lower leaves slightly 3-lobed, the short lateral lobes acute and toothlike, the middle lobe ligulate; inflorescence spiciform-paniculate — occurring in Ang.-Say. and Dau.; a species closely resembling this variety, C. ru- gosum Aellen in Fedde Repert. sp. nov. XXV (1928) 215, was reported from | the Yenisei Valley, but it differs in larger and longer stellately spreading narrow perianth segments; 6) var.stenophyllum Makino Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII (1913) 28 (= C. stenophyllum Koidzumi in Bot. Mag. XXXIX, no. 468, 1925, p.305; C. virgatum Thunberg in Nov. Act. Reg. Soc. Sc. Upsal. (1815) 143) — a large plant, to 150 cm high, divaricately branched at base, the branches arcuate, the upper ones shorter and erect, almost appressed to stem; leaves to 7cm long and 2cm broad, long acuminate from a lance-ovate base, mostly closely and unequally toothed, with lower teeth sometimes more or less lobelike, farinaceous or glabrous beneath; flowers in long narrow leaves spikelike inflorescences; perianth segments grayish- farinaceous, united to one-third, slightly keeled, not quite enclosing the fruit; pericarp light brown, easily detached; seeds nearly 1mm in diameter, with faint radial grooves and finely rugose — in the USSR only in the Far East. Economic importance. A most common weed, sometimes difficult to eradicate. In the past, the young shoots were used as a vegetable and the seed as a cereal in famine years. The leaves are used inthe U.S.A. like spinach. In prehistoric times this plant was cultivated, like certain other goosefoot species. The seeds contain 15—16% nitrogenous compounds, 37—38% nitrogen-free substances, 6% fats, and 17—18% cellulose. Other analyses show 9.76% water, 11.8 nitrogenous compounds, 36.5% nitrogen- free, 3.8% fats,and 15% cellulose; or again, 10.92% water, 4.58% mineral content, 17.60% nitrogenous compounds, with 16.94% albumin, 6.93% fats, 21.45% cellulose, and 49.44% nitrogen-free extract. Ash composition (Brusyanin): K,O—Na,O 43.96%, CaO 6.66%, MgO 8.68%, F,O, 0.38%, P,O, 24.68%, SO, 5.10%, SiO, 1.31%, Cl 2.09%, as well as traces of Mn and COQ). These figures indicate a high content of nutrients but their assimilability 49 64 is, unfortunately, rather low. Moreover, ingestion of larger quantities brings about disturbances of the nervous system and gastric pains. Analysis of the herbage shows 80.8% water, 3.94% and 8.93% nitrogenous and nitrogen-free substances, respectively, 3.8% cellulose, 0.76% fats, and 3% ash content. Other constituents include leucine (chenopodin), betaine, volatile oil, and paracholesterine. Fragments of the plant often find their way with bran into cattle feed. In view of their high starch content, the seeds may be used for distillation. The plant is of importance in popular medicine for treatment of angina and abdominal pains. Continued con- sumption of goosefoot grain causes loss of weight and decrease in the nitrogen content of the organism (N.Sul'menev). The vegetative parts yield a red dye. 20. C.opulifolium Schrad. in Koch u. Ziz. Cat. pl. Palat. (1814) 6 (nomen nudum); FenzlinLdb. Fl. Ross. III, 2, 696; Krylov, Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 885; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,142.—C. album B.opulifolium G.F.W. | Mey. Chlor. Hannov. (1836) 465.— C. album var.a@ Shmal'g., Fl. II, 368. — Ic.:Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV, fig. 255.— Exs.: F. Schulz, Fl. Gall. et Germ. exs.no. 923. Annual, 25—120cm high, mostly divaricately branched; leaves 2—4cm long, nearly as broad as long, distinctly 3-lobed, the lateral lobes broad, the short 2—6-toothed or rarely entire middle lobe obtuse or somewhat acutish or apiculate, both surfaces of the blade farinose (in forms growing in shade almost glabrous), the petiole nearly as long as the blade; upper leaves narrower and acute; inflorescence loosely paniculate or compact, perianth mostly farinaceous, the narrow segments slenderly keeled; pericarp easily detached, light brown; seeds 1—1.25 mm in diameter, black, lustrous, with unequal radial grooves and scattered obscure depressions. July—September. A weed of cultivated fields, especially of row crops; also refuse dumps, roadsides, etc. — European part: M.Dnp., U. Dnp.(S.), Bl., Crim., V.-Don (S.), Transv. (S.), L. Don, L.V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Transc.; W. Siberia: Irt. (S.?), Alt. (Charysh River area ?); Far East: Uss.?; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Europe. Note. Very rarely the leaf lobes are undeveloped and reduced to teeth: var.orientale Beck. in Rchb.Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV (1909) 102 (=C. opu- lifolium subsp.orientale Murr. in Mag. Bot. Lap.I (1902) 339,t.1, f.5). Known from Turkmenia and Transcaucasia. Economic importance. As for the preceding species. 21. C.strictum Roth in Nov. pl. sp. praes. Ind. or. (1821) 180; Aellen in mag. Bot. Lap. (1928) 105. Annual, to 200 cm high, with an erect branched stem; lower branches decumbent with ascending tips; upper branches virgate, arising at an acute angle; stem and branches mostly reddish-striped or red throughout; leaves at most ca. 5cm long and 2cm broad, deltoid-oval, unevenly rounded, toothed, somewhat attenuate toward apex and acute or else broadly lanceolate almost toothless, with more or less parallel margins, shortly narrowed at base, rounded at apex; upper leaves lanceolate to linear; all leaves apiculate, 50 165 in xerophytic forms red-rimmed, farinaceous, mostly dark green; glomer- ules very small, olivaceous or dull green, glabrous or farinose, mostly terminal, more rarely cymose; perianth segments united at base, with a rather inconspicuous green midrib and a broad white rim, not fully covering the fruit; pericarp easily detached, lurid; seeds ca. 1mm in diameter, black, radially grooved, slightly punctate-pitted and finely rugose. August— September. Weed infested places. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp., M. Dnp., Bl., V.- Don,L.D., Transv., L.V.: Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., throughout Transc.; W.Siberia: U. Tob.; Far East: Uss.; Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al., Syr D., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Scand. (adventive), Atl. Eur. (adventive), Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran., Ind.-Him., Ch., Abyssinia, Tenerife Island, N. and S.Am. (adventive). Described from India. Note. This species is apparently represented in the USSR by only one race, subsp.striatum (Krasan) Aellen et Iljin comb. nova (=C. striatum Murr. in Deutsch. Bot. Monatsschr. XIV (1896) 32,t.1,f.1,a et b.= C.al- bum var.striatum KraSan in Mitth. Naturw. Verein Steierm. XXX (1893) 254. = C. striatum A. kraSani Asch. et Gr. Syn. V (1913) 63= C. album fp striatum c. krasani Beck. in Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV (1907) 105), characterized by many-flowered spiciform terminal inflorescences forming a pyramidal panicle. 22. C.giganteum Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 75; Aellen in Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. XXXVIII (1929) 14.— C. amaranticolor Coste et Reynier in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 54 (1907) 178.— C. album subsp. amaranticolor Coste et Reynier in Bull. Soc. Rochel. (1904—05) et in Bull. l'Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. V (1905) 974,976 et 979.— C. purpurascens Gadec. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., 62 (1915) 288, non Jacq., Lam. vel Juss. — C. hookerianum Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 68. A large and vigorous annual, to 200—300 cm tall; young shoots and leaves reddish, farinose, subsequently glabrous, turning gray inthe herbarium; stems angled-sulcate; leaves large, to 15cm long and nearly as broad, triangular to triangular-deltoid, short-truncate to subcordate at base, gradually decreasing in size, larger leaves doubly toothed with lobelike teeth of varying size; smaller leaves mostly regularly and sharply sinuate-dentate, apiculate; inflorescences more or less terminal, leafy only at base, forming together a loose panicle; perianth farinose, with keeled segments; pericarp loosely attached to seed, this ca. 1-1.25 mm in diameter, black, smooth. August—October (?). Weed-infested places. — Far East: Uss. (Sovetskaya Gavan in the Tatar Strait). Gen. distr.:Ind.-Him., Ch.; adventive in Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur., Med., Seand., S.Afr.,and S.Am. (Argentina). Described from Nepal. Economic importance. An ornamental plant. A foliage vegetable of excellent quality, used like spinach and cultivated in many countries; easily naturalized. A rather warm climate is required for seed ripening. 22. *C.pratericola Rydb. in Bull. Torr. Club. XXXIX (1922) 310; Aellen in Ostenia (1933) 90.— C. leptophyllum auct., non Nutt. 51 Annual, to 100 cm high, erect, branched, mostly grayish-white farinose 66 in all parts, rarely almost glabrous; largest leaves to 4cm long and 1.5cm 167 broad, oval-elliptic or broader, with obtuse toothlike lobes in lower third (f.leptophylloides (Murr.) Aellen= C. petiolare var.leptophyl - loides Murr. in Bull. Herb. Boiss.2 sér.IV (1904) 994) or narrower, linear-lanceolate to linear and entire (f.thellungianum Aellen), all narrowed at both ends, apiculate, somewhat thickish, with midvein and 2 basal lateral veins; upper leaves narrower, entire; petiole short; inflores- cence a compact panicle, rarely loose, with remote small grayish-white glomerules; perianth segments narrow, slenderly keeled; pericarp light- colored, easily detached; seeds ca. 1mm in diameter, black, with more pronounced radial grooves than C. album and with distinct transverse grooves. Weed-infested places. Not found in the USSR but likely to occur, being distributed throughout Europe as an adventive plant. Native in North America and adventive in South America. Described from specimens collected in various places in the U.S.A., more particularly from Kansas. 23. C.sosnowskyi Kapeller in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tifl. nouv. sér. 3—4 (1927) 47. Annual, to 70cm high, with erect or ascending stem and spreading branches, farinose, either green (f.viride Kapell.,1l.c.) or grayish (f. vi - ridi-canescens Kapeller,l.c.); leaves entire, to 3.5cm long and 3.5cm broad, short-cuneate or rounded-tapering at base, sometimes slightly 3-lobed with low-seated mostly simple acute or rounded lateral lobes, the larger ones oval-deltoid to deltoid, the upper oblong-oval or lanceolate; glomerules in spikelike interrupted leafless axillary or terminal inflores- cences; perianth segments sharply keeled, covering the fruit; seeds ca. 1—1.4mm in diameter, black, lustrous, relatively smooth, finely rugose with shallow grooves and few distinct pits. Ruderal sites; sometimes in gorges. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., Tal., Transc. Endemic (most probably occurring in Arm.-Kurd.). Described from several locations in Transcaucasia, notably from Bakuriani. Type in Tiflis [Tbilisi]. 24. C.bryoniaefolium Bge. Del. Sem. Hort. Petrop. (1876) 10 et in A.H. P.IX, 1 (1884) 398 et X, 2 (1889) 593; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 151. — C.ficifolium Bge.in Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 222 (non Smith). — C.atripliciforme Murr. in Mag. Bot. Lap.I (1902) 360.—Ic.: Murr., ict. Voie lt (sub. © watr 1 pit cio r m1 e)r Annual, 30—100cm high, with an erect green simple or branched stem; leaves petiolate, thin, green on both sides, very sparsely farinose and therefore paler beneath, triangular-hastate or oblongly ovate-hastate, acute or very rarely obtusish, always entire, always broadly cuneate at base, the spreading lobes of the hastate base sometimes additionally toothed; uppermost leaves reduced, mostly oblong or oval, more heavily farinose beneath; flowers perfect, ina broadly paniculate loose inflorescence; perianth segments keeled, green, half-concealing the fruit; pericarp brownish, 52 68 thinly scarious, doubling the sculpturing of the seed; seeds horizontal, round, 1.25—1.75 mm in diameter, black, lustrous, mostly prominently reticulate with radially elongated cells. August. (Plate III, Figure 9). Shaded rocks. — E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (Krasnoyarsk: '"Stolby"' State Reserve), Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Amur River. Type in Leningrad. Note. Aellen also reports for Central Asia var.kapelleriae Aellen, which differs from the typical species in more developed mealiness, broader though small oval-deltoid leaves, and smaller seeds (0.75—1 mm) with faint sculpturing. It may be assumed that this is a distinct species. 2Z5.uC@avulvaria it Spspl.(1753)¢2209 Fenzl in dbs’ Fl Ross. III, 2° 695; Shmal'g., Fl. 11,367; [l'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 139.— Ic.: Fedch. and Hier Hin hvrdRoss-, fiss247; Beck/in Rehb- le. Fl. Germ? XXIV, t. 23:7; f.1—7.— nxs.: Fl.exs. Austro-Hung. no. 3849. Annual, 10—60 cm long, with the odor of rotten herrings (due to trime- thylamine), mostly grayish-green farinose; stem erect and divaricately branched or prostrate; leaves small, 2—4cm long and 1—4cm broad, some- times much smaller (f.microphyllum Mog. Chenop. enum (1840) 24), deltoid-ovate, mostly entire, more rarely with a lobelike tooth at the broadest place (f.rhombicum Murr in Mag. Bot. Lapok II (1903) 11), obtusish, cuneate at base or rounded-tapering into petiole; inflorescences short, leafless, terminal, spikelike or paniculate, rather compact; perianth segments united to above the middle, slightly and narrowly keeled, farinose; pericarp pale yellow, easily detached, smooth or farinose, seeds 1—1.25 mm in diameter, black, lustrous, very faintly sculptured. July—September. Weed-infested places. — European part: U. Dnp., M. Dnp., Bl., Crim., V.-Don, L..Don,L. V., Transv.;W. Siberia: U: Tob. (?), Irt. (?); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (?), Balkh. (?), Pam.-Al. (Samarkand). Gen. distr.: Scand., Atl. Eur., Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Aust. (adventive), N. Am. (adventive). Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. The plant contains trimethylamine (C,H,N). It is used in popular medicine for treatment of rheumatism, colds, and hysteria. According to Zalesovaya and Petrovskaya, it may replace valerian. The plant is also rich in potassium and phosphates, and it contains ammonium salts. A yellow dye is extracted from the vegetative parts. Series 5. Cellulata Aellen et Iljin.— Upper surface of testa clearly honeycombed with almost hexagonal pits. 26. C.viride L. Sp. pl. (1753) 219; Aellen in Ostenia (1933) 100. — C.album £8 viride Wahlenb. Fl. Suec. (1824) 158 et auct. plur., plerumque pp.— C. album f.pseudopulifolium I.B. Schulz in Oest. Bot. Zeit. IV (1900) 97.— C. album subsp.pseudopulifolium Murr.in Festschr. Aschers. 70 (1904) 217.— C. pseudopulifolium Murr. ex Hayward and Druce in Adv. Fl. Tweedside (1919) 190.— C. suecicum Murr. in Mag. Bot. Lap.I (1902) 341.— C. album var.pseudopulifolium Abromeit, 55 69 Fl. Ost-Westpreuss. II, 2 (1917) 714. — Exs.: Pl. Finl.exs. no.190; Herb. Fl.Ingr. no. 513c. Annual to 100 cm high, branched, the lower branches arcuately ascending, the young shoots at first farinose, becoming glabrous or very rarely persistently farinose (f.farinosum (Murr.) Aellen et Ijin = C. sue- cicum var.farinosum Murr. secus Zobel Verz. Anh. Phaner. III (1909) 58); leaves commonly clearly 3-lobed, with 2 broad low-seated lateral lobes furnished with 2 acute principal teeth and 0—4 subsidiary ones, and a broad gradually attenuate sharply sinuate-dentate and mostly somewhat obtusish middle lobe, broadly cuneate at base; flowers in rather small loose spici- form-paniculate more or less terminal inflorescences; perianth segments keeled, farinose; pericarp whitish, firmly adherent to seed, seeds black, ca. 1mm in diameter, with numerous relatively shallow radial grooves and honeycombed with unequally developed round or oblong pits, the margins of pits broad rounded and gradually sloping. June—October. (Plate III, Figure 14 a—b). Weed-infested places. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp., M. Dnp., U. V., V.-Kama, L. V. (Astrakhan); W. Siberia: throughout; E. Siberia: throughtout; Far East: throughout. Gen.distr.: Scand., Atl. Eur., Centr. Eur. Described from Europe. Type in London. Note. A frequently occurring hybrid — C. album L.X C. viride L. (=C.fursajevii Aellen et Iljin. = C. eualbumX pseudopulifo - lium Ludwig in Asch. et Gr. Syn. V, 1913, 56), inheriting from the first species the narrowly deltoid leaf shape and the position of the teeth (more toward the middle rather than at the base as in C. viride), and from the second the numerous and acute leaf teeth; glomerules of medium size, in a loose paniculately cymose farinose inflorescence; seed sculpturing intermediate in character: radial furrows (C. album), as well as impressed flexuous lines and indistinct unequal pits (C. viride), the features of the latter species being less in evidence owing to the influence of the smooth testa of C. album. The hybrid appears to be of frequent occurrence wherever the two parental species grow side by side. Economic importance. As for C. album L. 27. C.jenissejense Aellen et Iljin, sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 661. Annual, 5—30 cm high, with erect or more often spreading stems and branches; lower leaves soon turning yellowish or reddish and promptly deciduous, to 4cm long and 2.5cm broad, oblong-deltoid to oval-deltoid, 3-lobed; lateral lobes simple, toothlike or doubly toothed, about the middle of the blade, gradually acuminate or with almost parallel margins, with 1 or 2 teeth in upper part, sometimes round-tipped, apiculate, green or sparingly farinaceous on both sides; inflorescences mostly compact, spikelike; perianth segments scarious, slightly keeled, obscurely fari- naceous, loosely enveloping the seed; pericarp brownish, firmly adherent to seed; seeds 1—1.25 mm in diameter, black, somewhat rough-granulate, often obsoletely pitted, with faint radial grooves and wavy impressed lines. River valleys in the forest-tundra and the extreme N. part of the forest belt. — European part: Dv.-Pech.; W. Siberia: Ob; E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena- Kol. Endemic. Described from Turukhansk. Type in Leningrad. 54 28. C.prostratum Bge. ex Herder in A.H. P.X (1889) 594.— C.karoi Aellen in Fedde Rep. sp. nov. XXVI (1929) 149 et XXVII (1929) 221.— C.album subsp.karoi Murr. in Neuve Ubers. Farn.- u. Blitenpfl. Vorarlb. Lichtenst. (1923) 97. Annual, mostly small, to30 cmhigh, strongly branched, with long spreading prostrate branches in lower part, mostly farinose in all parts, more rarely gla- brous; leaves dull green, to 3 cmlong and 2 cm broad, deltoid-oval, withan obtuse 1 - or 2-parted lateral lobe at about the middle, rounded at base; middle lobe gradually narrowed toward apex, entire or sparsely and obtusely toothed, slightly roundedat apex and mucronate; flowers in axillary glomerules or the inflorescences spikelike or cymose, scarcely leafy; perianth segments slightly keeled; pericarp adherent to seed; seeds ca.0.75 —1 mm in diameter, black, with deep radial grooves and distinctly honeycombed with oblong or irregular pits, rarely almost smooth. Weed-infested places. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis. (S.), Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. (Samarkand District). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Tib., Mong. Described from two locations in Yakutia: from the Anui River valley and from Nizhne- Kolymsk. Type in Leningrad. Note. Aclosely related species, C.pamiricum Ijin sp. nova (in Addenda V, p.661) occurs inthe Pamir. The description of this species has not been included in the general text, since it was only prepared at the time when this book was at the proofreading stage. 29. C.klinggraeffii (Abromeit) Aellen in Fedde Rep. sp. nov. XXVI (1929) 159 et XXVII (1929) 221.— C.album var.klinggraeffi Abromeit, Fl. Ost.-Westpr. II, 2 (1917) 712.— C.album var. hastatum Klingraff in Veg. Verh. Preuss., 2 (1866) 130; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV, 142. — C.album subsp.-hastatum Murr. in Festschr. 70 Geb. (1904) 219. — C.hastatum Murr.in Mag. Bot. Lap.I (1902) 360 (non Dumort. et Enilippi). —Ic.: Murr.,1.c.,t. 5, fis. 18. Annual, 10 —50cm high, mostly yellowish-green, often turning yellow in drying, all parts slightly farinaceous or glabrate; stem erect, with branches arising at an acute angle; lower leaves large, to 5—8cm long and 3 —5cm broad, long-petioled, deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes in lower third of the leaf, with large mostly acute straight and spreading or in upper part curved teeth, often with smaller vertical teeth; middle lobe gradually acuminate or more rarely with more or less parallel margins due to 2 larger recurved teeth near the apex; apex acute and apiculate; upper leaves hastate or entire; inflorescences sparsely leafy, terminal, mostly spikelike or pyramidal-paniculate; perianth segments broadly marginate, slightly rounded-keeled, loosely enveloping the fruit, light-colored or lurid; pericarp whitish, firmly united with the seed; seeds ca. 1—1.25 mm in diameter, black, mostly with deep radial grooves, pitted and more or less distinctly ridged, sometimes rather smooth or else almost granular. (Plate III, Figure 13). Alluvial sands and pebbles in river valleys. — European part: U. Dnp., M. Dnp. (?); Bl. (?); L. Don, V.-Don, L. V., Dv.-Pech., U. V., V.-Kama, 55 fal Transv.; Caucasus: Cisc. ([former] Sal'sk District); W. Siberia: U. Tob. (Ural'sk), Ob (S.), Irt. (Semipalatinsk); E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol. Gen. distr.: rare and adventive in W. Europe. Described from the Vistula River valley in [former] East Prussia. Type in Konigsberg [Kaliningrad]. Note. The distribution of this species in the USSR has not yet been fully determined. There is no doubt, however, that it occurs along all the major Soviet rivers except in the extreme southeast of the European part, of the Caucasus, and of Central Asia. *29. C.berlandieri Moq. Chenop. (1840) 23 et in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 63; Aellen in Fedde Rep. spec. nov. XXVI (1929) 50. — Commonly occurring only subsp.zschakei Zobel. Verz. Anhalt Phanerog. III (1903) 70; Aellen in Fedde Rep. sp. nov. XXVI (1929) 51.— C. zschackei Murr. in Deutsch. Bot. Monatschr. XIX (1901) 39 (as C.album X opulifolium). — C.berlandieri var. zschackei Murr.in Festschr. 70 Geb. (1904) 227.— C.album auct.amer. pp.,non L. — Ic.: Murr. in Deutsch., 1. c., t.I, Peles Annual, to 180 cm high, strongly branched, mostly yellowish-green, sometimes whitish-farinose, with reddish spots at the nodes; largest leaves somewhat fleshy, ovate or elliptic, mostly slightly 3-lobed; lateral lobes at about the middle of the blade, simple or 2-parted, often merely toothlike; middle lobe rounded toward apex, entire or few-toothed, apiculate; inflorescence mostly paniculate, more rarely cymose; perianth segments strongly winged-keeled; pericarp firmly adherent to the seed; seeds ca. 1mm in diameter, black, mostly honeycombed with 4— 6-angled sharply straight-margined pits, devoid of radial grooves. July—September. Cultivated fields and refuse dumps. Not yet discovered in the USSR, but most probably does occur in this country. Gen.distr.: N. Am., Mexico, W. Europe (adventive). Described from Mexico. Type in Paris. 30. °C. serotinum L: Centopl. Il (1756): 12¢(pip:).='Cefieif ol iumeasm. Fl. Brit. 1 (1800) 276; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2,696; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 368; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 143. — Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost., fig. 256. — Exs.: Fl. gall. et germ. exs.no. 31 (cent. 4). Annual, 3—170cm high, diffusely farinaceous becoming glabrous, branched; leaves to 8cm long and 5.5cm broad (the largest), 3-lobed; lateral lobes between the lower third and fifth of the blade, shorter than the middle lobe, simply toothed, narrow, acute, more rarely in vigorous specimens 2-lobed with smaller lower teeth; middle lobe long, narrow, with parallel margins, remotely sinuate-serrate or more rarely entire, obtuse or subacute, often subapiculate; leaf base commonly broad-cuneate, rounded; inflorescences many-flowered, in small specimens not surpassing the subtending leaves, in larger ones strongly branched, loose; flowers small, globular, the slightly keeled and mostly farinose segments enclosing the fruit; pericarp almost colorless, rarely lemon-yellow, firmly adherent to the seed; seeds small, 0.8 —1 mm in diameter, black, regularly honeycombed, the 4- to many-angled oblong pits with sharp or rarely somewhat flattened margins, lateral grooves wanting (exceptionally —_ 56 72 73 occurring in East Asian specimens). June—September. (Plate III, Figure 10 a—b). Wet places in river valleys, shaded ruderal sites, potato fields, truck gardens and more rarely cultivated fields. — European part: L. Don (Kharkov ?), L. V. (Leninsk, Astrakhan), Transv. (Ural'sk); W. Siberia: Alt. (?); E. Siberia: Yenis. (Selivanova), Ang.-Say. (Krasnoyarsk), Dau., Lena-Kol.; Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Zaisan), Kyz. K. (Kara-Kalpak area), Syr D. (Dzhizakh), Pam.-Al. (Kokand). Gen. distr.: sporadically; Scand. (Denmark), Atl. Eur., Centr. Eur.; main distribution area — Med., Bal.- As. Min., Iran., Ind.-Him., Jap.-Ch. Described from Spain. Type in London. Note. The distribution of this species has not yet been adequately determined because ofthe generally insufficient exploration of Ghemopodium species of the C.album’ L. cycle. *30. C.hircinum Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gott. (1833) 2.— Ic.: Mart. Fl. Bras. V,1 (1864) t. 45. Annual, to 120 cm high, malodorous, grayish-green, mostly heavily farinose in all parts; largest leaves thickish, as long as broad, strongly 3-lobed, cuneate at base; lateral lobes spreading, 2-parted; middle lobe shorter than in C.serotinum, broad, almost right-angled, sinuate- dentate, obtuse or more rarely subacute; upper leaves hastate; inflorescence spikelike or paniculate; perianth segments slightly but distinctly keeled; pericarp thickly scarious, firmly adherent to the seed; seeds ca. 1—1.25 mm in diameter, black, irregularly honeycombed with pits and with radial grooves grooves between them. September — October. Shaded, weed-infested places, gardens, etc. Although not yet recorded for the USSR, it most probably occurs in this country. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (adventive), Atl. Eur. (adventive), Med. (adventive), S. Afr., S. Am. (native). Described from Brazil. Economic importance. The plant contains essential oil. It has vermifuge properties. **30. C.quinoa Willd. sp. pl. 1 (1797) 1301. — Ic.: Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenf., 2 Aufl., 16c (1934) fig. 184. Annual, mostly 40 —100cm high, or taller; stem stout and firm, unbranched in lower part, with erect or subappressed leafy branchlets above, strongly branched in the inflorescence; leaves long-petioled, mostly broad to oblong-triangular, usually clearly 3-lobed, the lower ones commonly to 6cm long and 5cm broad, the middle and upper ones narrower, broadly cuneate or (the upper ones) narrowly cuneate; inflorescence mostly very compact, forming a crowded panicle several decimeters long; perianth segments broad-ovate, keeled; seeds large,to 2mm broad, with broad obtusish margins, whitish-yellow, with slender radial grooves. Native in South America. Cultivated in the USSR (very rarely). Economic importance. Cultivated for grain in South America (especially in Chile and Peru). In recent times also introduced into W.Europe. Growing trials have also been made in the Soviet Union. The seeds are used for bread baking. Analysis of the seeds has Sil 14 given the following percentage composition: water 10.8 —16, nitrogenous compounds 15 —19, fats 4.5—6.5, nitrogen-free compounds 48 — 62, cellulose merely 1.7—8, ash 2.7 —5.5, the content of starch, protein, sugar, and cellulose being 40—51, 17—20, 6, and 1.8 per cent, respectively. Saponin is also present in the seeds (7—10%) and in the herbage. Ash analysis of the seeds yields up to 77% of K,O and P,O,, the latter accounting for 0.85—1.37%. The foliage may be used as a substitute for spinach. The grain approaches rice in nutritive value; it contains vitamin B, but vitamins, A,C,and D are absent. Quinoa acquires exceptionally high nutritive value when enriched with food products containing the missing vitamins (Mazzacco). Genus 401. MONOLEPIS* SCHRAD. Schrad. Index sem.h. Gotting (1833) 4. Flowers perfect, intermixed with some pistillate ones, glomerate, rarely solitary; perianth mostly consisting of 1 segment, rarely 3-merous or wanting; stamen 1; ovary ovoid or globular, with 2 infundibular stigmas; seed vertical, with hippocrepiform or annular embryo, albuminous. Annual plants with alternate leaves. The genus contains about 6 species. 1. Perianth segments 3; small plants 2—4cm in height. Pamir......... a hc, Fane, Sennen. sc MMM, EE SOL SEMI STAR. We CES EA A 2. M. litwinowii Pauls. + Perianth segment 1; plants 10— 30cm high. Arctic Siberia. 2.00 hae ee Steen hs Sonate ot Gp al awn Sala, aires hemes i: RIM Pa Ae 1. M.asiatica Fisch. et Mey. 1. M.asiatica Fisch. et Mey. in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. de St. Pétersb. II (1844) 131; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 709. Annual or biennial, 10 —30 cm high, green, glabrous or with scattered mealy dots; stem usually with many long branches arising near base, hence plant apparently many-stemmed, elsewhere very sparingly branched; leaves oblongly rhombic-hastate, petiolate, mostly with horizontally spreading or obliquely spreading or obliquely ascending lobes in middle part, very gradually tapering to the petiole, sometimes with 1 or 2 additional teeth; radical leaves long-petioled, wilting at flowering time, the petiole many times the length of the blade; cauline leaves with shorter petioles; bracteal leaves narrower, often linear and subentire, spreading to pendulous; inflorescence leafy; flowers numerous, in axillary glomerules; perianth segment 1, oblong or broadly oblanceolate, persistent; stamen 1, inserted at the base of the perianth segment, the filaments long linear and flat, the anthers globose or transversely ovaloid-globular; ovary globose or globular- ovaloid, slightly compressed laterally, alveolate-vesicular, crowned by 2 filiform long-villous stigmas; fruit with somewhat inflated pericarp greatly in excess of the seed volume; seeds vertical, round, 0.75 —1.2 mm in diameter, strongly compressed laterally, surrounded by a marginal band, brown, somewhat lustrous, smooth or obsoletely rugulose. July. (Plate II, Figure 6). * From the Greek monos,solitary,and lepis, scale, alluding to the simple tepal. 0402 58 75 In river valleys and, as a ruderal plant near resting places for cattle. — Arctic: Arc. Sib. (east of the Yenisei); E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (extreme N.). Endemic. Described from Nizhne-Kolymsk. Type in Leningrad. 2. M. litwinowii Pauls. in Lieut. Olufs. sec. Pamir Exp. in Videnskp. Meddel. fra den naturh. Foren.i Kbhvn. (1903) 187.— Ic.: l.c., p. 187, fig.1 a—b. Perennial, 2—4 cm high, whitish-mealy, covered below with remnants of old leaves; stem with long internodes, long-branched near base; radical leaves with petioles 2—3 cm long, triangular-hastate, unequally toothed, the teeth short and acute or terminating in minute reddish points; bracteal leaves hastate, with gradually shortening petioles, the uppermost hastate- linear and subsessile; flowers 10—15 in glomerules; perianth of 3 segments united in lower part, the middle acute, the longer lateral ones obtuse; stamen 1, covered before anthesis by the middle segment; ovary ovoid, with 2 capillary stigmas; seeds castaneous, with horseshoe-shaped embryo. July. Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Muskol River valley. Type in Copenhagen. Note. So far known only from one location. It may be assumed that this species is closely related to Chenopodium foliosum (Mnch.) Asch. and it may be merely a distinctive race of the latter. Tribe 5. ATRIPLICEAE C.A.M.in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 371.— Plants with unisexual flowers, monoecious or more rarely dioecious, exceptionally with some perfect flowers; flowers with a perianth or, especially the pistillate, without perianth; bracteoles always present, notably in the case of pistillate flowers; stamens 1—5; embryo annular. Annuals or under- shrubs, mostly with bladdery or stellate hairs or glabrous. Genus 402. SPINACIA* L L.sp.pl. (1753) 1027; Gen.pl.ed. 5 (1754) 452. Dioecious, annual or biennial plants; flowers in glomerules; staminate flowers with perianth of 4 or 5 segments and strongly exserted stamens, disposed in a spiciform-paniculate inflorescence; pistillate without perianth furnished with a 2—4-toothed involucre formed by united bracteoles, two opposite teeth fusing and covering the fruit as an indurated envelope, the 4 long filiform stigmas protruding through apertures in the envelope; segments of fruiting perianth free or united and forming corniculate fruit aggregates. The genus contains 3 species. 1. Segments of fruiting pee free, with or without spiny outgrowths; cultivated plants @ ivuess Bel. eis PREGPL.G spite fe . S. oleracea L. + Segments of fruiting perianth united into spiny corniculate aggregates; ROUT Glas CUTA ES Baer meMintaes uta et artis vel iate'tzec alot aces ye sorvei, aoluatgdeh a teh Oke Wa ene ait fet wetter Mat 2. 2. Cauline leaves of pistillate plants sessile, half-clasping (Caucasus). . Pens satan eaten bt we ey Rermtes heake! Cobh Bla SEA. Ya 3. S.tetrandra Stev. + Cauline leaves of pistillate plants distinctly petiolate (Central Asia) . Ak) esha et a Re ND ce wed etre Pk SIGE EE MEAN ak akties 2. S.turkestanica Iljin. * Possibly from the Latin spina,spine,in reference to the spiny fruits, but more likely derived from ispanakh, the Persian word for spinach. 59 76 12S; oleracea 1.:/Sp. pl. (L753) 1027; Shmal's.) Fly 37) Win ta els Yugo-Vost.IV,148.— S. domestica Borckh. in Rhein. Mag. 1 (1793) 481. — Ie.: Kl. Yugo= Vostalvy fig 7297. Annual or biennial, 25—50 cm high, glabrous, unbranched or branched, light green; radical and lower stem leaves long-petioled; lower and middle leaves triangular-hastate, sometimes with rather elongated lateral lobes, or oblong-ovate, entire, very rarely with occasional teeth, obtuse, usually minutely mucronulate, always tapering to a petiole; upper leaves and occasionally the middle ones often acute, oblong, cuneate at base; staminate flowers in an interrupted spiciform-paniculate inflorescence, 4-merous, with 4 stamens, pistillate flowers in dense sessile axillary glomerules, the individuals flowers not united in fruit and falling separately in maturity; fruit 2-horned (var.spinosa Asch. et Gr. Syn. V (1913) 108= S.spi- nosa Mnch. Meth. (1794) 318) or globose and hornless (var.glabra Gurke in Richter-Gurke. Pl. Eur. II (1897) 138= S. oleracea Binermis Peterm. Pflzschluss. (1846) 377; S.glabra Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 2 (1768); S.inermis Mnch.). (Plate II, Figure 7 a—b). Cultivated and sometimes naturalized. Note. Bisexual specimens occur occasionally among the unisexual plants of the cultivated species. Asa rule, the fruits of this species are separated, but specimens with somewhat united fruits are to be found; these do not, however, form true aggregates as in the other species of the genus. Garden spinach is native inIran. It has given rise in cultivation to a number of varieties which differ chiefly in leaf shape and in leaf surface (crisp or smooth), consistency, leafiness of the stem, time of flowering, etc. Crisp-leaved varieties: Victoria, Juliana, Savoy, smooth- leaved: Pozdnostvolyashchiisya (slow-bolting), Hollandia, Flanders, Gaudry, Viroflay, Triumph, Rostovskii. Economic importance. Cultivated as a vegetable, used as a pot-herb and as an article for the canning industry. It contains a considerable amount of the vitamins A, B, and C,iron and phosphorus. On a dry weight basis, it contains about 34% crude protein, about 33% nitrogen-free compounds, and 4.5% fat. As regards protein content it is inferior only to meat. It is therefore considered as an important food for rachitic children, and for oid and anemic people. In recent times a substance called spinach-secretin has been produced by hydrolysis from fresh leaves; its action is similar to that of pilocarpine in that it stimulates glandular secretion of the mucous membrane of the stomach and the action of the pancreas. 2. S.turkestanica Iljin in Sorn. rast. SSSR II (1934) 113; Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, II (1936) 123.—S.tetrandra Minkw.in O. et B.Fedtsch., Consp.Fl. Turk. VI (1916) 208 et auct. As. mediae plur., non Stev.—Ic.: Opr. rast. Tashk. 2 (1924), fig.124 (sub S. tetrandra).— Exs.: H. F.A.M., no. 230; Sintenis, It.transcasp.-pers. 1900—01,no.73 a andc.(sub S. tetrandra). : Annual, 10—60 cm high, glabrous, very diffusely farinaceous; root slender; stem simple or slightly branched and then mostly with elongated branches in lower part, often stoutish; radical and lower cauline leaves with very long petioles, runcinate, with a larger triangular-hastate terminal lobe 60 77 78 and oblong or linear lateral lobes, usually mucronulate at apex; upper leaves with shorter petioles, often merely triangular-hastate, sometimes 1 or 2 uppermost lanceolate; inflorescence of staminate plants a panicle composed of axillary and terminal interrupted and almost leafless spikes; pistillate inflorescence leafy; perianth of staminate flowers with 4 oblong- oval segments, sometimes with 2 or 3 teeth at summit; anthers borne on strongly exserted filaments; pistillate flowers in the axils of nearly all leaves except the radical, with hornlike outgrowths, united in fruit into a spiny-corniculate aggregate of mostly 4—6, measuring 10—15 mm in diameter, the envelope smooth (f.laevis (M. Pop.) Iljin) or rugose (f. rugosa (M. Pop.) Ijin); horns commonly lanceolate, 3-angled, channeled above, mostly 5—8 mm long, very rarely broadly triangular-ovate and to 3—4mm long (var.brevispina Iljin). April—May. (Plate II, Figure 9). Weed-infested places (cotton fields, irrigated and unirrigated wheat, etc.), refuse dumps and ruderal sites, sometimes sand-and-pebble and wormwood wasteland in loess foothills. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (S. foothills), Kara K. (near mountains), Mtn. Turkm., Syr D. Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from the vicinity of Katta-Kurgan in Samarkand Region. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Used by the Uzbeks for food and known by them as 'ismalak.'' Widespread weed of various crops, confined to foothills, chiefly in the loess belt. 3. S.tetrandra Stev. in Mém Soc. Nat: Mosc. II (1809) 182; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 712. — S. minor C.Koch in Linnaea XVII (1843) 311. Annual, 10—40 cm high, glabrous; stems erect or ascending, simple or more often branched, the branches especially in lower part elongated and often ascending; radical leaves rosulate; rosette leaves and lower cauline leaves long-petioled, mostly runcinate, lyrate, or pinnatifid, the obtuse lobes obsoletely mucronate; cauline leaves of staminate plants short-petioled, nearly always more divided than those of pistillate plants; the latter clearly sessile, somewhat clasping, oblong-ovate and mostly simple or more rarely slightly lobed; flowers of male plants in many-flowered glomerules disposed in interrupted spikes in the axils of upper leaves or terminal and almost leafless; staminate perianth segments 4, ovate or oblong-ovate, connate in lower part; stamens 4, the long filaments strongly exserted; pistillate flowers glomerate in the axils of all leaves including the radical, united in a woody spiny head, the very long stigmas protruding in groups of 4 through small openings; aggregates falling together with leaves, spiny- corniculate, 8-10 mm in diameter, glabrous, the broadly 3-angled horns 2—3mm long. April—May. (Plate II, Figure 8). Stony steppe slopes. — Caucasus: S. and E. Transc. Gen.distr.: Arm.- Kurd. Described from the Kura River valley in Transcaucasia. Type in Leningrad. Genus 403. ATRIPLEX*L. 1..Gen. pl.ed.5 (1754) 472. Flowers unisexual; plants monoecious, rarely dioecious; staminate flowers mostly 5-merous, rarely 3- or 4-merous, with perianth and 5 sta- mens; pistillate flowers nearly always without perianth, enclosed in 2 free * Name of the plant already used by Pliny. 61 81 or united bracteoles; ovary with 2 stigmas; rarely some of the flowers have a perianth but no bracteoles; seeds horizontal in flowers with perianth, vertical in flowers without perianth; embryo annular; heterocarpy is a characteristic feature. Leaves alternate or opposite, well developed, simple or divided. Annuals or undershrubs. The genus contains about 250 species. i. + tora oOo + LO): Fruiting bracteoles connate to the summit, without any distinct seam; leaves undivided and entire (Section 5. Halimus C.A.M.) .... 2. Fruiting bracteoles free or partly united but distinct at least at the Maro, NEVE Cy DICOEMUCUMALE cat. owe a cy > wl el aes fouieledis geal cle nten eee 3. Bracteoles bicorniculate, resembling the fruit of shepherd's purse; SECTS Mewes VOMOr ce sete ise ee et Guastie ca ale oe ne nati 32. A. pedunculata L. Bracteoles ovate, convex, hornless or merely minutely 3-toothed at BCH SMADIAATE ee Wa es ee eae er eR Pale See occas 33. A.fera (L.) Bge. Fruiting bracteoles quite free or connate only at base, without PEOMMUIMENE MWOEVES wo. eon tad Mee ue cal 6. a uerir fs ey, eras na dey Cale eon ee 19, Bracteoles connate at least in lower part, usually prominently nerved Bracteoles united nearly throughout or at least for most of their length, with only a narrow marginal portion distinct though often reduced to closely approximate double teeth, mostly becoming indurated or lignified (Section 4. Obione C.A.M.).......... Sie Bracteoles united only in lower half or not becoming woody in their broad lower base, the apices distinctly separated (Section 3. Sclero- Cy ON A USCIS oe hates sees mt ems ope wn tae see oe aii PRGSESHEUN Soe ssc ae son ee nee tela are ee eo cee cee fee a ee 6. TULA ORAME RS ee os ek eyes ole sera ie Tite Te en ie es aerate ee er fe Leaves opposite, undivided, entire. ...... 28. A.verrucifera M. B. Leaves alternate, mostly obtusely repand-toothed, more rarely CUEMIF Eres ie et wage teats ca Pata al elie 27. A.turcomanica Fisch. et Mey. Fruiting bracteoles nutlike, very broadly winged on all sides, the RVULIOMEHIE ERGO oon got, Oe ts) 3 igi pe ee Ate) hoe en OR eR ae 31. A.moneta Bge. Hruiting bracteoles different from the preceding . |. .>. | os... 14. eee Fruiting bracteoles nutlike, strongly convex, prickly with a dense cover of aculeiform outgrowths on two sides; rarely some of the bracteoles fat and not prickly (7 ieee wofge ne ic «ih sa oe 9: Fruiting bracteoles not prickly, nutlike but not convex. -. . 5) sau 10. Fruiting bracteoles all alike, prickly, nutlike, almost completely united except for closely contiguous small teeth at the summit, Subsessilevor ShoOrt=Stipltate® iyo cosa ioe ee oe sea 26. A. sibirica L. Fruiting bracteoles stipitate, of two kinds: some nutlike, convex, prickly, united except for a narrow herbaceous toothed margin, others flat, not prickly, these occurring.in smaller numbers). 2)... 15 2 eae Say 2 see Naha eae Not mu ea a? eS em ena 25. A.centralasiatica I[]jin. Fruiting bracteoles all alike, large, 10—20 mm across, flabellate, deeply notched at base, equally and deeply sinuate-dentate, with Very, prominent radial NEC Ves a Sc oe ere aye 30. A.flabellum Bge. Fruiting bracteoles ina compact leafless inflorescence, sessile, small 2—3 mm across, obovate, the lower axillary, larger but never reaching 10 mm in diameter, borne on a rather long thickened almost horny SHEPOS ret, Pe Ha Ne caus tReet ee «er Ae eet ee 29. A.thunbergiaefolia Boiss. 62 79) PLATE IV. 1. Atriplex pedunculata L.: pistillate flower in fruiting condition.— 2. A. sphaero- morpha Iljin: a) same; b) seed.— 3. A. rosea L.: a) and b) same.— 4. A. flabellum Bge-.: pistillate flower in fruiting condition.— 5. A. moneta Bge.: same.— 6. A.dimorphostegia Kar. et Kir.: same.— 7. A.heterosperma Bge.: a) and b) types of pistillate flowers in fruiting condition.— 8. A. nitens Schkuhr: same.—9. A. pamirica Iljin: same.— 10. A. calotheca (Rafin.) Fries: same.— 11. A. fera (L.) Bge.: same.— 12. A.sibirica L.: same.—13. A.thunbergiaefolia Boiss.: a) and b) same.— 14. A.me- galotheca M.Pop.: same.—15. A.centralasiatica Ijin: a) and b) same.—16. A.gmelini C.A.M.: same.— 17. A.nudicaulis Boguslav.: same.— 18. A. ornata Iljin: same. 63 82 83 Idk’. 12. 15. 19. 20. Pals Undershrub with undivided leaves..........- 23. A.cana C.A.M. Arama Wy Ae. Wass eet REY cy peer sie oh Socata Ie ke, Soe aie aca Nee ee en 12. Bracteoles mostly 3-lobed, large, 10—45 mm long and 8—35 mm broad, foliaceous in upper half, long-stipitate in fruit, the stipe often Wp tO 20mm. LOMO sues hice wtia oan 24. A.megalotheca M. Pop. Bracteoles much smaller, sessile or distinctly short-stipitate... 13. Flowers in spikelike leafless terminal and axillary inflorescence, Onlye tHe NOmeaIMO St aA WaT Yeo: ce a tks! «5, cM eM a cl tae ene ce Uae Flowers glomerate in the axils of normal though reduced leaves. ..14. Stems and branches glabrate, the tips of branches almost capillary; bracteoles 3 orfeweringlomerules; seeds flat, concave at center SOAR Ln. RRR ay TS AMOI VES... SERS 17. A. sphaeromorpha Iljin. Stems and branches commonly distinctly farinose; terminal branch- lets thicker, not less than 1 mm in diameter; bracteoles 5—10 in glomerule; seeds somewhat convex, without depression at center BSL, mk Same, a 3, Oe SP aaa eis aa ARs il 16. A. rosea L. Fruiting bracteoles monochromatic, grayish-farinose throughout, distinctly 3-lobed, united only at base, with tuberclelike appendages OMeNOth Sides; erect planispe. os Awe sees ha alls 20. A.ornata Iljin. Bracteoles herbaceous-green in upper part, yellowish below, united for-imost OL their length... . ete nn < AMEE Aes a a Med su eee 16. Branches very slender, geniculately bent in upper part; leaves linear or oblanceolate, point-tipped; on sypseous sols... 3. 222 sim PRI Le, SRI. aE SL See a aarti eet ne 19. A.pungens Trautv. Plants dirterent fcom the preceding *.. h/aeys .«. . sai! = eee ie Small plants, 5—25 cm in height; inflorescence with blackish-brown Scarious Haiisd)Pamir) . 2... 2... . eee 22. A.pamirica Iljin. Inflorescence without blackish-brownphatGs es). . |... . mike sae 18; Leaves thin; inflorescences long, strongly interrupted; peduncles long, almost capillary, leafless or very sparingly leafy, 1 or several from axils of almost allthe leaves ...... 21. A. schugnanica Ijin. Leaves thicker; inflorescences usually compact, solitary, the rela- tively stout rachis leafy in lower part, terminal and in the axils of upper Teawes . . ABM ~ Renee 6 sco sehen ie ae 18. A.tatarica L. Pistillate flowers of two kinds, some with a 5-parted perianth and a horizontal seed or without bracteoles and without perianth, with vertical seed, enclosed in 2 rotund or oval entire bracteoles (Section @. Dich»ruspemnia’ Dumort,),.c. 2.5. 10. sys 20. Pistillate flowers always without perianth, with vertical seed, enclosed in a pair of bracteoles (Section 2. Teutliopsis Dumort.) Leaves, including the upperones, green on/both sides) :3-. }- =. s.cmeue Halen iri ein nda Nee mE cer IP. “EE | Bites, 8, canst ilemeamet! «|. 2. A.hortensis L. At least the upper leaves whitish- or grayish-farinose beneath or Oyiboth? sidesisneh wets ghee. well bee, oh gh Sah edetiat ee RAE Ae one 21. Stem 4-angled, whitish-farinose; leaves commonly subentire, mostly distinctly bicolor, thickish, often InvOluter "2S Sh cale set et ae ee Se se eR ls eet Teo cine heme ek Tc cece as eer tnoae cee Ore arg 3. A.amblyostegia Turcz. Stem terete or obtusely angled-sulcate, mostly green; leaves thin, hastate-cordate, repand-toothed, grayish beneath (at least the upper ones), green aboye, HAt coae35 4-2 om eee ore eae 1. A.nitens Schkuhr. 64 + 84 32. 33. 22. Plants rather tall; leaves ovate-hastate, with an elongated entire lobe; bracteoles orbicular or ovate, entire, with rounded margins, Vay INO POReA LY MAS UZ Me. Maen Mate tan 14. A. heterosperma Bge. Pilanvs.ditrerent from the preceding: )) 2¢5 sac we eee ee & 20. ISCaViES EShE ONE ly VSUCCULEMt, thickishs (4 {ae fi te hte ee Bee 24, HESS SOEILIAS Ahh MEG oan ST MEMS ak thee Wht Ove Ue oS A eAD KONE Seo 26. Leaf blades about as broad as long; leaves farinose (Siberia, [Ra eallicla S210) an face PL co mee Ma ge ee gn 7. A.crassifolia C.A.M. ean places decidedly narrower than longee .) oh. eh. 2288, 2: 2D. Leaves green on both sides, lanceolate to oblong-ovate, sometimes merely with hastate base, the basal lobes never retrorse......... MPT eT. Ate Ee ites RSF TS 6. A.patens (Litw.) Iljin. Leaves often silvery-farinose, hastate, with retrorse basal lobes... . TE Sate ERs. RRM Ld as CAS, NS IES SOIT OL, PA. 12. A. hastata L. Lower leaves triangular-hastate, cordate or truncate at base, the basal lobes retrorse (those of the middle leaves spreading). ... 27. Leaves not hastate or the basal lobes of lower hastate leaves obliquely antrorse or more rarely spreadingbut neverretrorse.. .28. Fruiting bracteoles with long linear often crenate teeth (Baltic Sea) I Len ey, PELE = 2 SEG Shee 13. A.calotheca (Rafin.) Fries. BEaAcveales withshort teeth or entire. i). 9. erie. 12. A. hastata L. Leaves farinose, at least the upper ones on the undersurface... 29. Leaves not mealy except occasionally the youngest ......... 30. Bracteoles stipitate; leaves ovate or broad-ovate, entire (Central RCE T Be ortega ek, 3 Kas): 1 IE Bret 15. A. dimorphostegia Kar. et Kir. Bracteoles sessile; leaves lanceolate or oblong, entire or toothed, ereen above, at leasiithe upper iones farinose beneath) © oo.) one. Re i cc ay sd LRRSREN Cen MOLED ES Mabel AGRE ks PAM 9. A. oblongifolia W. et K. Leaves mostly oblong-rhombic with hastate base or even lanceolate, entire, the lower ones pendulous; commonly a weed... .8. A. patula L. Plants different from the preceding; seacoasts or solonchaks ... 31. Leaves linear or lanceolate, thin, entire or equally serrate, upright; bracteoles mostly crenulate; continental or maritime plants .... 32. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate, entire; bracteoles mostly entire; plants of northern seacoasts (Arctic and Pacific oceans, Baltic Sea) Path AAGs: CWE. CIM S D6 SAT WS Seay MATE OEH ND . Moa ths Late. eee 33: Fruiting inflorescence an interrupted spike; fruiting bracteoles ovate-rhombic, their margins not revolute ...... 4. A. litoralis L. Fruiting inflorescence very compact; fruiting bracteoles broad- ovate to suborbicular, their margins revolute in maturity (W. Siberia andpbe iar akictamn\s osu. RRs Tel eee oe t Se 5. A. laevis C.A.M. Fruiting bracteoles with an impressed medial nerve (Far East)..... Pree ee OT ee eta noah sce a ARERR RTIAR Pattee ETA ee Ee lt? A. gmelini C. A.M. Fruiting bracteoles without an impressed nerve (shores of the Baltic pea -andsiiey Anette Oceania. nee ers oo: 10. A.nudicaulis Boguslav. Section 1. DICHROSPERMA Dumort. Fl. Belg. (1827) 21.— Pistillate flowers of two kinds, some without perianth, with vertical seed, enclosed in 2 bracteoles, others with perianth and horizontal seed, without bracteoles. 65 85 1. A. nitens Schkuhr, Handb. III (1803) 541; Fenzl in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 716; Shmal'g., Fl. 11, 372; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 895; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV,156.— A.acuminata W.et K. Pl. rar. Hung. II (1805) 107.— A. her - manni Willemet. Phytogr. III (1808) 1222.— A. lucida Desf. secus Mert. et Koch, Deutschl. Fl. II (1826) 311.— A. hortensis.subsp.nitens Pons, Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. N.S. IX (1902) 409. — Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 259, fig. 1—9; W.et K.,l.c., t. 103; Maevskii, Fl. Sr. Ross., ed. 5, fig. 180; Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. II, p. 90.— Exs.: Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. no. 3852; Hayek. Fl. stir. exs. no. 1143; HFR no. 3073. Annual, 60—150cm high; stem simple or branched; leaves alternate except the lowermost, petiolate, triangular-ovate or lanceolate, coarsely sinuate-toothed, very rarely entire, hastate-sagittate or more rarely truncate or scarcely contracted at base, mostly acuminate, green and lustrous above, at least the upper ones grayish-farinose beneath; flowers in spikes forming a pyramidal panicle; staminate 5-merous; pistillate of two kinds, some with 5-parted perianth, ebracteolate, these in smaller numbers, others without perianth, tightly enclosed by a pair of bracteoles; fruiting bracteoles much enlarged, rounded-oval, entire, glabrous, sessile, 0.5—1.5 cm indiameter; horizontal seeds 1—1.5 mm in diameter, convex, black, lustrous, the pericarp densely short-papillose; vertical seeds flat, dull, olivaceous, 3—4 mm in diameter. July—September (Plate IV, Figure 8 a—b). Argillaceous and solonetzic bluffs near rivers and lakes, wasteland, and weed-infested places. — European part: U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., V.-Don, Pransyv,; Ble, Crim, ke Don; Lb. V-F Caucasus: ‘Cisc., Dag:, Ei. Transesg; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Syr D. Gen.distr.: Throughout W. Eur., As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash. Described from Germany. 2. A.hortensis L.Sp.pl. (1753) 1053; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 716; Kryl., Fl. Zap.Sib- IV, 894; [in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.dV,, 155. —!Ie = Rehb- fe; Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 260, fig. 1—8; Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. II, p.90.— Exs.: Meinsh. Herb. Fl. Ingr. no. 521. Annual, 60—150cm high; stem erect, mostly branched; leaves, enaane the lowermost, alternate,petiolate, triangular, broadly hastate at base, entire or more rarely slightly toothed, mostly taper-tipped, green on both sides; flowers in spikes disposed in a leafless panicle; staminate 5-merous; pistillate of two sorts, some ebracteolate with a 5-parted perianth and without bracteoles, others without perianth, others enclosed by a pair of sessile or very short-stipitate bracteoles, these rotund or rounded-oval, entire, free; seeds of the former horizontal, convex, black, lustrous, 1—2 mm in diameter, those of the latter vertical, flat, olivaceous-brown, dull, 3—4.5 mm in diameter. July—September. Ornamental and truck gardens, weed-infested and ruderal places, occasionally on solonchaks. — European part: throughout except Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., andextreme N.: Caucasus: Cisc., E. Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob (S.), U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (?), Balkh. (?), Mtn. Turkm. Gen.distr.: Centr. and S. Eur. Apparently described from the Orenburg steppes (in Hort. Upsal. 1748 in deserto Orenburgensi, m Sp. pl. 1753 in Tataria). Type in London. 66 Economic importance. This species is grown in gardens, including truck gardens; it is used as a spinachlike pot-herb. Also a popular remedy for jaundice. The seeds have emetic and diuretic properties, yield a blue dye, and contain saponin. Note. I have not seen the true A. hortensis L. either in Siberia or in Central Asia. The glabrous forms of A. nitens Schkuhr. are mostly mistaken for this species. 3, A.amblyostegia Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah.II, 2 (1856) 25.— ? A. aucheri Mog. Chenop. (1840) 51.— ? A. argentea Pall. sec. Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2,1 (1840) 168.— A. nitens subsp.desertorum Iljin in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. URSS, XXVI, 4 (1927) 414; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV, 156.—A. deser- torum Sosn. ex Grossg., Geobot. och. Mugansk. st. (1929) 61. — Exs.: Becker Fl. sarept. no. 586. Annual, 30—100cm high; stem sharply 4-angled, mostly strongly compressed at points of insertion of the opposite branches, commonly whitish-farinose, often curved; leaves alternate except the lowermost, petiolate, the lowest soon wilting, often sinuate-dentate and hastate, all the others mostly sparingly toothed or entire, ovate to oblong-ovate, somewhat thickish, usually slightly upfolded or with involute wavy margins, green above, almost silvery beneath with dense mealiness; flowers in long spici- form inflorescences, the staminate 5-merous; fruit subtended by bracteoles; seeds vertical, rounded-oval, entire, resembling those of the preceding species. July—September. Solonchaks and clayey solonetzic slopes. — European part: Crim., Bl. (Ss. part), L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transe.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Syr D. Gen. distr.: Asia Minor, Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash. Described from the vicinity of Lake Inder. Type in Leningrad. Section 2. TEUTLIOPSIS Dumort. Fl. Belg. (1827) 20. — Section Schizotheca C.A.M.in Ldb. Fl. Alt. IV (1833) 306. — All pistillate flowers without perianth, enclosed by a pair of bracteoles, these free to the base. 4. A. litoralis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 1054; fenzl in Ldb. FL. Ross. III, 729; Shinai PIE..3%25 Keyl, Bl. Zap.SibilV,(e990; U'iniin BYueo-Vost. IV; 157.—A.salicina Pall.It.1 (1771) 495.—A.maritima Pall. It. II (1772) 289. — Chenopodium littorale Thunb. Act. Soc. Sc. Ups. VII (1817) 142. — Schizotheca littoralis Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. N.S. XVII (1869) 143.— A.hastata subsp. littoralis Pons, Nuov. Giorn. Bot., Ital. N. S. IX (1902) 419. — Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 266, f.1 —10; Kom. and Alis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. I, pl. 145, figs. 4-6. — Exs.: Herb. Fl. Ingr. no. 525; Rchb. Fl. Germ. exs. no. 352. Annual, 25—75cm high; stem erect and mostly green; branches upright, the lowest opposite and ascending; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate and mostly entire (var.angustissima Mog. in D.C. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 96 = A.littoralis var.integrifolia Fenzl, l. c.) or even lanceolate and then commonly sinuate-toothed with sharp upturned teeth (var.serrata Smith, Fl.Brit.III1(1804),1094=A.littoralis var.marina Smith, Engl. Bot. (1800?), t.708), acute, gradually narrowed toa short petiole, green on both sides; 67 87 88 flowers in long interrupted hairy spikes often forming a paniculate | inflorescence; staminate flowers 5-merous; pistillate enclosed by a pair | of bracteoles, these free nearly down to base, ovate-rhombic, mostly : denticulate, rarely subentire; seeds 1.5—3mm in diameter, flat, glabrous, brown or black. July —September. Seacoasts, riverside bluffs, sandy saline habitats; sometimes a weed. — European part: M. Dnp. (E.), Transv., Bl., Crim. (?), L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., E. Transe.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt.; Far East: Uss.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. (rare). Gen. distr.: all W. Europe, As. Min., Iran. (?). Described from the northern seaboard of W. Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Sometimes used as a foliage vegetable. 5. A. laevis C. A. M. in Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. I (1829) 10 et in Lab. FI. Alt. IV (1833) 311; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 728; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 399..— lersidbHle. pl Wl. Rosse te4 1. Annual, 25 —60cm high; stem erect, simple or more or less branched, glabrous; leaves alternate, lanceolate to sublinear, acuminate, narrowed to a short petiole, slightly repand-dentate or entire, glabrous on both sides, bright green; flowers in very dense cylindric leafless spikes forming a paniculate inflorescence; staminate flowers 5-merous; pistillate bracteolate; bracteoles semirotund; fruiting bracteoles broad-ovate to subrotund, broadly cuneate or rounded at base, free to the base, entire or more often serrulate, diffusely farinose on the back; seeds of two sorts, some black, lustrous, smooth, 1.25 —1.5mm in diameter, others yellowish-brown, ca. 2mm in diameter. Riverbanks and lakeshores. — W. Siberia: Irt., Alt. (SW); E. Siberia: Ang. Say., Centr. Asia: Balkh. Endemic. First described from the Irtysh River area, apparently from the [former] Semipalatinsk District. Type in Leningrad. 6. A. patens (Litw.) Iljin in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princip. d. 1'URSS XXVI, 4 (1927) 415; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,157; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 63. — A.littorale var. patens Litw. in Sched. ad HFR V (1905) 12.— | A.patulum var.tataricum Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XL (1867) 55.—A.crassifolium Majewsk. (non C. A. M.) Fl. Sr. Ross., ed. 5 (1917) 525; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 373; Fedch. and Fler., Fl. Evr. Ross. 347; Taliev and other authorities of the European part of the USSR.— A.littoralis Kryl. (p. p.) Fl. Zap. Sib. IV (1930) 899. — Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, fig. 259. — Exs.: HFR no. 1236 (sub. A.littorale var.patens Litw.) et no. 3074 aC. Annual, 15 —70cm high, glaucescent; stem erect or ascending, simple or more often branched; leaves alternate except the lowermost, gradually narrowed to a petiole, oblong-ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, sometimes only hastate, fleshy, with concolor surfaces, lepidote, slightly darkening on drying, obtuse or acute, entire or sparingly toothed; flowers in compact spikes mostly forming a contracted panicle; staminate flowers mostly S-merous; pistillate enclosed by a pair of bracteoles, these free nearly to the base, white hairy or subsequently glabrescent, broad-rhombic, denticu- late or more rarely subentire, sagittate at base; seeds of two forms, some black, lustrous, convex, ca. 1 mm in diameter, others flat, olivaceous, ca.2mm in diameter. July —September. 68 89 Solonchaks. — European part: Transv, L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag. (?), E. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz.K. Endemic. Described from near the village of Bazheevskoe in the [former] Balagansk District ["raion"] of the Irkutsk District ["okrug"] (sub. var. patens Litw.). Type in Leningrad. 7. A. crassifolia C. A. M. in Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. I (1829) 11 et in Ldb. BI. Alt. 1V, 309; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 721; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 897. — Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross., t. 42. Annual, 10 —50cm high, dark green; stem mostly erect, farinose especially toward summit; branches widely divergent, the lowest approximate opposite and mostly long-spreading; leaves alternate except the promptly deciduous lowest ones, petiolate, very fleshy, broadly hastate- triangular or broad-ovate with truncate or broadly cuneate base, entire or with 1 or 2 teeth on each margin, the upper ones oblong or lanceolate, these and the young leaves farinose; flowers glomerate in a paniculate inflorescence composed of mostly spreading leafless spikes; staminate d-merous; pistillate bracteolate; fruiting bracteoles commonly broad- rhombic, with short thickish teeth on the margin, farinose, connate only at base, often appendaged on the back; seeds of two forms, some black, lustrous, 1.25 —1.5mm in diameter, distinctly reticulate, others brownish, dull, 1.5 —2 mm in diameter, smooth. July — August. Solonchaks. — W. Siberia: Irt., Alt. (S. W.); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. (N.). Endemic. Described from the area south of the Irtysh River, evidently from the Semipalatinsk District. Type in Leningrad. See ferpatula/ eiSpy pl. (753), 1053: “Menz), in. ludbs,His;Ross- 11k, 7253 Shmal'g., Fl. II, 372 (p. p.); Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 898; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 160.— A.australasica Mog. Chenop. (1840) 59.—A.procumbens Jundz. Fl. lithuan. (1830) 78. — A.agrestis Schur, Enum. pl. Trans. (1866) 575.—Schizotheca patula Fourr, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. XVII (1869) 143. — Theutli opsis patula Celak. in Osterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XXII (1872) 168.— A.hastata subsp. patula Pons. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. IX (1902) 417.—Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 265, f. 1 —10; Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. g. II, 91; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, pl. 260, fig. A. — Exs.: (ienbe Hl. dner:) nes 222; JHE Rino.3075,. Annual, 30—90cm high; stem mostly erect and Sranehed: leaves alternate except the lowermost, petiolate, entire or toothed, the lower ones mostly irregularly rhombic, broadly cuneate or more often hastate at base with obliquely upturned basal lobes (var.erecta Lange Haandb. 2. Udg. (1859) 640= A.erecta Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 1 (1762) 376=A.virgata Scop. Delic. Insub. II (1787) 14=A.patula ymixta Coss.u. Germ. Fl. Paris 1 ed. (1845) 456=A.littoralis 6 mixta Mog. Chenop. enum. (1840) 60), elsewhere elongated, minutely point-tipped, with concolor surfaces, mostly green, pendulous, commonly oriented edgewise; upper cauline and ramal leaves narrower, lanceolate, ascending, or else all leaves lanceolate and entire (var.angustifolia Lange, Haandb. Danske FI. 2. Udg. (1859) 6440=A.angustifolia Sm. Engl. Bot. t.1774); flowers in compact spiciform inflorescences; staminate mostly 5-merous; pistillate enclosed 69 90 by a pair of bracteoles, these free nearly to the base, rhombic to ovate- rhombic, mostly hastate at base, acute, entire or sparingly toothed; seeds either convex, blackish-brown, 1 —2 mm in diameter, or flatter and paler, 2—3mmin diameter. July —September. Roadsides, waste ground, riverbanks, and weed-infested places generally. — European part: throughout except extreme N.; Caucasus: throughout; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau. (?); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (rare), Balkh. (rare), Syr D. (distribution in Centr. Asia sporadic and as yet undetermined). Gen. distr.: throughout W. Eur., N. Afr., As. Min.,N. Am. Described from Europe. Type in London. 9. A. oblongifolia W. et K. Pl. rar. Hung. III (1812) 278.— A.tatarica Schkuhr (non L.), Bot. Hand. IV (1808) 331; Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2, 96; Claus. in Beitr. z. Pflanzenk. VIII (1851) 251 et auct. plur. ross.— A.patula ahalolepis Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1851) 726.— A.patula var. oblongifolia Westerl. in Linnaea XL (1876) 169.— A.campestris Koch et Ziz. Cat. pl. Palat. (1814) 24.—A.tatarica B campestris Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 96.—Ic.: Rcehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 263, fis LO Wee Kc. t21ts bl Yugo-Vost. IV) tig. 200 — Bergen Rene no. 1340 (sub A. patula var. oblongifolia). Annual, 15—90cm high; stem erect, simple or branched, whitish- farinose toward summit; leaves alternate except the lowermost, mostly narrow, lance-oblong, tapering to a short petiole, acuminate, entire or sparingly toothed, commonly with very narrowly revolute margins, more rarely subsagittate, somewhat stiffish, bicolor due to mealiness of the underside, with a prominent midrib; flowersin spiciform inflorescences forming a pyramidal panicle; staminate mostly 5-merous; pistillate bracteolate; bracteoles short-stipitate or subsessile, ovate or ovate- rhombic, entire, free nearly to the base, mostly with rounded angles; seeds of two forms, some black, convex, 1.5—2 mm in diameter, others yellowish or brownish, flat, 3—4 mm in diameter. Weed-infested and ruderal places, bluffs, riverbanks, solonetzic steppes. — European part: U. Dnp. (S.), M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V. (mainly the right bank); Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transe.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur. (Belgium, Netherlands), Bal.-As. Min., N. Afr. Described by Schkuhr under the name A.tatarica from the Tatar ASSR, apparently from near the Volga, and under the name A.oblongifolia from the limestone of Mount Szimion in the Banat. Type of the latter in Prague. 10. A.nudicaulis Boguslav. in Lesn. Zhurn. 1 (1846); Erman's Archiv VI (1848) 65.— A. praecox Hiulphers in Lindm. Svensk Fanerogamfl. (1918) 228. — A.validum Iljin in herb. Bot. Inst. Acad. Sc. USSR. — Ic.: Lindm., lo eo fie S052! Annual, 5 —30cm high, pale green, glabrous; stem simple or branched, erect or ascending; leaves oblong or lanceolate, more rarely oblong-ovate, nearly always entire, acute or rounded at apex, rarely obtusish, rounded at base or hastately to cuneately narrowed to a petiole, green and glabrous 70 lal on both sides, alternate except the lowermost; flowers in rather loose spiciform inflorescences; staminate 5-merous; pistillate enclosed by a pair of bracteoles, these free nearly to the base, broad-ovate to oblong- ovate, rounded or more often hastate-cuneate at base, entire or sparingly toothed, acute or acuminate, green, not stipitate, the midnerve never impressed; seeds either small, black, lustrous, convex, 1.5—2mm in diameter, or compressed, duller, light brown or olivaceous, 2.5—3.5mm in diameter. June—July. (Plate IV, Figure 17). Sandy or pebbly coasts, and "laidy.""* — Arctic: Arc. Eur.; European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm (?). Gen. distr.: Scand. Described from the vicinity of Arkhangel'sk. Type in Leningrad (Forestry Institute). 11. A. gmelini C. A. M. in Mém. Ac. Sc. St. Pétersb. sér. 6, II (1833) 160; Fenzl in Lab. Fl. Ross. III, 732 (p. p.); Kom. and Allis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. 1,476; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 72; Hultén, Fl. of Kamtch. II, 58. — A.littoralis var.angustissima Kudo, Fl. Paramush. p. 101 (according to Hultén). Annual, 5—50cm high, mostly pale green; stems erect or ascending, branched from the base or more rarely simple, the lower branches mostly elongated and prostrate; leaves alternate except the lowermost, petiolate, oblong or lanceolate, entire, acute or acuminate or more rarely obtusish, mostly rounded-tapering at base into petiole or more rarely broad-cuneate from ahastate base, concolor on the two surfaces, green, glabrous or nearly so; flowers glomerate in rather loose spiciform inflorescences; staminate 5-merous; pistillate enclosed by a pair of bracteoles, these free nearly to the base; fruiting bracteoles broad-ovate or triangular-ovate, mostly rounded or very broadly cuneate at base, entire or rarely with 1—3 obsolescent teeth, acuminate, often bulging on both sides of the impressed midnerve, at first farinose, finally glabrate, blackening in maturity; seeds of two forms, some small, black, lustrous, convex, 1.5—2 mm in diameter, others light brown, flat,2—3 mm in diameter. August—September. (Plate IV, Figure 16). Coastal pebbles and sand-and-pebble deposits. — Far East: Kamch., Okh. (?), Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Japan (Kurile Islands), Ber., N. Am. Described from Sitka Island and Kotzebue Sound. Type in Leningrad. Note. A species most closely related to the European maritime A.nudicaulis Boguslav., from which it differs in some rather insignificant characters. 12. A. hastata L. Sp. pl. (1753) 1053; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 721; Shmal'g., Fl. 11,372; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 897; IL'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 161.— A.latifolia Wahlb. Fl. Suec. II (1824 —26) 660,— (?)A.obtusa Willd. Sp. pl. IV (1805) 964.— A.deltoidea Babingt. Prim. Fl. Sarn. (1839) 82.— A.microsperma W.et K. in Willd. Sp. pl. IV (1805) 964. — A.triangularis Willd. Sp. pl. IV (1805) 963.— A.sackii Rostk. et Schmidt, Fl. Sedin (1824) 401.— Schizotheca hastata Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon N. S. XVII (1869) 149.— Teutliopsis hastata Celak., Oster. Bot. Zeitsch. XXII (1872) 168. — Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 261, * [Russian "laidy" are the treeless parts of forests and tundra landscapes or low seacoast plains dissected by the tortuous rills. ] 71 92 f.1—4; Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. g. II, p. 92; Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, pl. 260, fig. B. — Exs.: Fl. exs. reip. Boh.-Slov.,no.12 and 13; HFR no. 3072. Annual, 20 —100cm high; stem erect or ascending, mostly branched, the opposite lower branches commonly prostrate; lower or rarely all leaves opposite, triangular-hastate, the lateral lobes spreading, the basal ones retrorse, entire or rarely toothed, truncate or subobliquely cordate at base, acute or acuminate, obliquely ascending, the middle ones lobed and suberect, the uppermost lanceolate and mostly lobeless, all petiolate, always concolor, green or more rarely almost silvery, not infrequently succulent (f.salina Wallr. secus Gren. et Godr. Fl. France III, 1855, 12); glomerules in a spiciform inflorescence; staminate 5-merous; pistillate enclosed by a pair of bracteoles, these free almost to the base, mostly sharply triangular and commonly entire, rarely with 1—3 small teeth, or else larger, 5—7mm in diameter, greatly surpassing the fruit (var.macro- theca Rafin. Danm. Holst. Fl. II (1800) 239), or small and about the length of the fruit (var.microtheca Schum. Enum. Saell. II (1801) 299); seeds of the former compressed, brown, to 2mm in diameter, those of the latter more convex, black, ca.1mm in diameter. July — September. Solonchaks, saline meadows, weed-infested places (especially in cities), and ruderal sites. — European part: throughout except extreme N.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E.and S. Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob (S:), lex: . Fl Yupo7Vostaly; fiss20lo— Exs. HER no.c072: Annual, 15 —70cm high, strongly divaricately branched, the shape of tumble-weed; stems and branches whitish, the terminal ones subcapillary, sparsely lepidote; leaves alternate, withvery short petioles, ovate to oblong- ovate, remotely and coarsely toothed; inflorescence leafy, sparsely colored; flowers inaxillary glomerules; pistillate bracteoles broad-rhombic, cuneate and connate at base, toothed and free at summit, often appendiculate, sessile, mostly 3 in glomerule; seeds round, 2 —2.5mm in diameter, flat, concave at center. July —September. (Plate IV, Figure 2a—b). As a weed at the borders of fields, beside fences, on railroad embank- ments, in gullies, etc. — European part: Bl. (Aleksandrovka area), Askaniya-Nova, etc.; Transv. (S.), L.V.; Caucasus: Cisc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Lake El'ton. Type in Leningrad. 74 96 18. A.tatarica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 1053; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 895; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 163.— A.laciniata L. Sp. pl. (1753) 1053 (p. p.); Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 718; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 373.— ? A.procumbens Less. in Linnaea IX (1835) 203. — A. Lehmanniana Bge. Relig. Lehman. (1851) 451 (in adnot).— A.astracanica Balb. Hort. Taurin (1813). — A.rosea var.subintegra C. A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. IV (1833) 314; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 896.— A.incisa M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 641; Sosnovsk. ex Grossg., Geobot. och. Mugansk. st. (1929) 60.— A.diffusa Ten. Fl. Nap. I Prodr. S. LVII, 5 (1815). 295.—Schizotheca laciniata Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. N. S. XVII (1869) 143. —Sch.tatarica Celak. Prodr. Fl. Bohem. Nachtr. (1874) 1,non 149.— Teutliopsis tatarica Celak.Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., XXII (1872) 169.—Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. SOV Ttabr269, f. 1 —V0sG@mel: pL. Sib. Wigab. 145£..1; ..Syreishch.,, Fl. Mosk. gub. II, 92 (sub A.lacinata).— Exs.: Dorfler herb. norm. no. 5164; Baenitz. Herb. Europ. no. 2488; HFR no. 3080 et 3081a,b. Annual, 10 —100cm high; stem erect or ascending; branched; leaves alternate, petiolate, triangular-ovate to oblong-ovate, rarely narrower, sinuate-toothed or lobed, often hairy on the margin, minutely mucronulate or rarely acute and then 3-lobed and subentire with much elongated middle lobe, silvery -farinose on both sides and then stem erect (var.concolor Fenzl. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1851) 720), or decumbent (var.diffusa(Ten.) Girke in Richter -Girke,Pl. Eur. II (1897) 47=A.laciniata B diffusa Mog. Chenop. (1840) 57), or stems virgate and slender with oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate leaves (var.virgata Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 910), or silvery only on the underside (var.discolor (K. Koch) Graebn. in Asch. et Gr. Syn. V (1913) 146, A.laciniata B discolor K.Koch in Linnaea IX (1831) 183); flowers in terminal spiciform inflorescences, these leafless except in lower part; staminate flowers 5-merous; pistillate in glomerules of 3-20, enclosed by a pair of bracteoles; fruiting bracteoles united in lower half, rhombic-sagittate or often 3-lobed, prominently nerved, minutely stipitate, the terminal tooth larger, the 1 —3 lateral teeth smaller; seeds round, 2.5—3mm in diameter, lustrous, glabrous, brown. July — September. Continental or coastal solonchaks (in the latter case often on Zostera refuse), also in weed-infested solonetzic places. The first three forms, notably var.virgata, associated with more southerly arid areas, the fourth more northerly. Growing in masses. — European part: U.V., Vi Kama, U. Dnp-, V..Dnp.,,.V.;Don,;, Transv:; Bl, Crim. 1..Don, Ti: Vas Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. and S. Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob (Tobol'sk), U. Tob.,|Irt., Alt. (SW); Centr. Asia: throughout. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Tib., Ind.-Him. Described from E. Europe: "in Tataria,'' possibly from the Volga steppes. Type in London. Economic importance. Considered as good forage for camels and often covering extensive solonchak areas. Chemical analysis of flowering plants from Kazakhstan (Chelkar District) has given the following percentage composition: ash 22.42 to 24.37, cellulose 11.07 to 12.03, crude protein 10.89 to 11.84, crude fat 1.84 —2, nitrogen-free extract 45.78 to 49.76. The starch equivalent, as established in two cases Ge Larin), amounted to 33.31 and 36.19. The plant may be used as a source of potash. Budding 75 97 plants from the Lower Volga region have yielded the following analysis in percentages of dry weight: water 21.53, ash 12.32, crude protein 8.07, albumin 6.99, crude fat 2.62, crude cellulose 24.17, nitrogen-free extract 32.29, digestion coefficient for crude protein 32.60, albumin 28.61, crude fat 41.11, crude cellulose 35.63, nitrogen-free extract 45.57; digestible substances as percentage of fresh weight: albumin 2.55, crude fat 1.08, cellulose 8.26, nigrogen-free extract 14.71, protein ratio 9.9; starch equivalent 13.98. The herbage corresponds in nutritive value to spring or oat straw of medium quality (Aleksandrovskii and Beguchev). The plant is of interest in its medicinal applications. 19. A. pungens Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1867) 53. — A.serpyllifolium Bge.in A.H.P. V, 2 (1878) 642. Annual, 10 —40cm high, strongly divaricately branched from base, sometimes without a distinct main stem; stems and branches very slender, commonly geniculately curved at the tips, smooth and whitish; leaves narrow, linear to oblanceolate, narrowing toward base, terminating in a short caducous cusp, entire, densely whitish- to almost silvery-farinose on both sides, the margins always involute; glomerules at first crowded in capitate or capitate-cylindric inflorescences, these later elongating; staminate flowers 5-merous; pistillate bracteolate; bracteoles mostly ovate-triangular, with 2- or 3-toothed margins, united only at base, often taper-tipped; seeds brown, 1—1.5mm in diameter. June—September. Gypsiferous solonchaks, diatomaceous soils, and marls. Growing in small groups. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. (W.). Endemic. Described from the Chu River area (Balkh.). Type in Leningrad. 20. A.ornata Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, II (1936). 124. Annual, 30 —75 cm high, erect, much branched; stems and branches elongated and whitish; leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong-ovate or hastate-ovate, entire or remotely few-toothed, obtuse to acute, minutely mucronulate, on both sides rather densely white-farinose; inflorescences spiciform, branched, borne on long branches forming a corymbiform panicle; fruiting bracteoles spreading, densely gray-farinose, hastate, borne on a short stoutish stipe, united only at base, with brownish lateral appendages, the elongate middle lobe entire or toothed below, the smaller lateral lobes 1—3-toothed; seeds 1—1.5mm in diameter, either black and convex or light brown and flat. August —September. (Plate IV, Figure 18). Solonetz soils, especially those covered with Haloxylon aphyllum.— Centr. Asia: Balkh. (S.), Kara K. (S.), Syr D. Endemic. Described from the area of the Muyunkum sands (Kos-kudukskaya saxaul woodland). Type in Leningrad. 21. A. schugnanica Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, II (1936) 1D Se Annual, 15 —50cm high, branched from the base; branches very long, equaling or exceeding the stem, ascending, whitish, glabrous or only in the inflorescence farinose, in the thicker places often with readily separating hyaline periderm; leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate or oval or mostly ovate-hastate to triangular-hastate, with spreading or scarcely upturned 76 PLATE V. 1. Camphorosma annuum Pall.: inflorescence.x— 2. C.monospeliacum L.: flower.— 3. C.lessingii Litw.: flower.— 4. Kirilowia eriantha Bge.: a) fragment of inflorescence; b) flower.— 5. Echinopsilon hirsutum (L.) Moq.: fragment of inflorescence.— 6. Kochia sieversiana (Pall.) C.A.M.: same.— 7. Echinopsilon divaricatum Kar.et Kir.: same. — 8. Kochia schrenkiana (Mog.) Iljin: same.— 9. Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.; same.— 10. Panderia turkestanica Ijin: same.— 11. Echinopsilon sedoides (Pall.) Moq.: same. — 12. Kochia iranica (Bornm.et Hausskn.) Litw.: same.— 13. Echinopsilon hyssopifolium (Pall.) Moq.: same.— 14. Londesia eriantha C.A.M.: same.— 15. Kochia laniflora (S.G.Gmel.) Borb.: same.— 16. K.krylovii Litw.: same.— 17. K.melanoptera Bge.: same. 77 98 101 basal lobes, entire or more rarely sparingly toothed, broadly cuneate or rounded toward the petiole, obtuse at apex and often obsoletely mucronulate, ~ thin, green above, paler beneath with slight mealiness; peduncles axillary, arising from the stem base, solitary or several together, long, capillary, leafless or sparingly leafy; flowers in remote glomerules, forming always interrupted spiciform inflorescences; staminate 5-merous; pistillate enciosed by a pair of bracteoles, these rhombic or oblong-ovate, entire or toothed, united in lower part, farinose, obscurely nerved, short- stipitate, rarely to 2mm in diameter; seeds small, ca. 1.5mm in diameter. August. Stony and sandy-stony places. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Pamir, Shugnan). Endemic. Described from Rushan, from the Bartang River valley and the Usoi natural boundary area. Type in Leningrad. 22. A. pamirica [jin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. I, 2 (1936) 124. — A.rosea O. Fedtsch. in A. H. P. XXI, 3 (1903) 409 et XXIV, 2 (1905) 138, non L. Annual, 5—25cm high; stems whitish, simple or long-branched below; branches covered inupper part and especially in inflorescence with scarious hairs intermixed with some brown and blackishones; leaves alternate except the lowermost, petiolate, ovate or oval, obtuse, entire or sparingly and obsoletely toothed, mostly rounded -attenuate toward the petiole, dull, paler beneath with rather densemealiness; inflorescence spiciform, leafy except at the summit; staminate flowers 5-merous; pistillate bracteolate; bracteoles ovate- rhombic or ovate-hastate, connate in lower half, free above, prominently nerved, in the free part entire or sparingly toothed, covered with mostly tuberclelike colorless scarious hairs; seeds flat, 1—2mm in diameter, light or dark brown. July —August. (Plate IV, Figure 9). Barren solonetzic lakeshores and glacial hills. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Pamir). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Lake Kara-kul' in the Pamir. Type in Leningrad. 23. A.cana C. A. M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. IV (1833) 311; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 731; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,154; Shmal'g., Fl. Il, 374; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 900.— Halimus canus Claus in Beitr. z. Pflanzenk. VIII (1851) 251. — Ic.- Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. I (1829) t.46; Act. Univ. As. Med. ser. VIII — in 21, fig. 19; Korovin, Rast. Sr. As., fig. 133. — Exs.: HFR no. 3071. Undershrub, 20 —50cm high, strongly branched in lower part; annual shoots and leaves densely covered with silvery-white chaff; leaves alternate, the lower ones often subopposite, thickish, oblong-ovate to oblanceolate or the upper ones rarely linear, obtuse, often emarginate, narrowed to a petiole, entire; flowers in leafless verticillate-spiciform inflorescences forming a panicle; bracteoles of pistillate flowers sessile, broad at summit, mostly 3-toothed, united to the middle; seeds round, 2—2.5mm in diameter, flat. July —September. Soils transitional between solonchak and solonetz, also crustose solonetz. Growing in masses and representing one of the characteristic plants of semideserts. — European part: Crim. (needs verification), L. V.; Caucasus: E. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from Zaisan (first record) and from a location between the Irtysh River and Lake Koryakovskoe. Type in Leningrad. 78 102 Economic importance. An excellent fuel in desert localities; burning well even in fresh condition. It is stored by the Kazaks in large quantities for winter use. According to I. Larin, it is inferior as fuel only to Halo- xylon. Often covering extensive solonchak areas. Eaten by camels, but only in late fall. One hectare yields about 500—600 kg of herbage. Green shoots of Kazakhstan plants have the following percentage compo- sition: ash 9.16 to 29.08, cellulose 12.79 to 18.15, crude protein 10.93 to 14.12, albumin from 7.26 to 8.12, amides ca. 0.12, crude fat 1.76 to 3.46, nitrogen-free extract 33.71 to 59; the starch equivalent computed for green parts of these plants fluctuates between 26.92 and 42.5% (I. Larin). Budding plants from the Lower Volga region yielded the following analysis in percentages of fresh weight: water 18.55, ash 11.16, crude protein 6.31, albumin 5.69, crude fat 1.42, crude cellulose 31.11, nitrogen-free extract 31.45; digestion coefficients were 46.44 for crude protein, 46.18 for albumin, 40.70 for crude fat, 42.11 for cellulose, 41.46 for nitrogen-free extract; digestibility figures in percentages of fresh weight were: albumin 2.31, crude fat 0.58, crude cellulose 13.10, nitrogen-free extract 13.14; protein ration 9.9; starch equivalent 13.98. Inferior in nutritive value to oat straw, approaching that of winter rye (Aleksandrovskaya and Beguchev). 24. A.megalotheca M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda \V, p. 661. - Annual, 30—50 cm high; stems erect or ascending, branched; branches often elongated and almost decumbent, the lower ones closely subopposite; leaves alternate, narrowing to a very short petiole, ovate, broad-ovate, or ovate-hastate, obtuse, broadly cuneate at base, entire, whitish-farinose beneath and often partly above; flowers glomerate in the axils of both normal and reduced leaves; staminate 5-merous; pistillate in glomerules of 5—20, enclosed in fruit by a pair of bracteoles; fruiting bracteoles long- stipitate, large, mostly 10—45 mm long and 8—35 mm broad, commonly 3-lobed, farinose, with elongated entire obtuse middle lobe and 1 or 2 smaller lateral lobes, convex and indurated in the lower densely prickly- tubercled united part, herbaceous in the larger free upper part, the stipe to 50 mm long; seeds oval to rounded-oval, 2.5—3 mm long and 2—2.5mm broad, light brown, smooth. June—July. (Plate IV, Figure 14). Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Sary-Togoi). Gen.distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from Kashgaria. Type in Leningrad. Section 4. OBIONE C.A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. IV (1833) 315.— Obione sect. Atriplicina Moq.Chenop. (1840) 70.— Pistillate flowers without perianth, enclosed by a pair of bracteoles, these united for most of their length, becoming indurated; the small free part of the bracteole, sometimes reduced to small teeth, not readily detachable. 25. A.centralasiatica Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS ser. I, II (1936) 124. Annual, 20—50 cm high, divaricately branched from base; stem whitish; leaves alternate, short-petioled, triangular, ovate-hastate, oblongly ovate- hastate, or ovate, truncate or broadly cuneate at base, entire or with few obsolete and blunt teeth, obtuse, often minutely mucronulate, the upper 79 103 ones narrow and acute, all whitish-farinose beneath, dull greenish above; flowers glomerate in the axils of nearly all leaves as well as at the ends of branches, ina short interrupted small-leaved inflorescence; staminate 5-merous; pistillate in glomerules of 3—15, bracteolate; fruiting bracteoles stipitate, united in lower part, free above, rhombic to subrotund, sometimes slightly 3-lobed, the stalk upto 15 mm long but mostly shorter; thebracteoles commonly occurring on the same plant in two forms, some subspherically convex and densely covered with aculeiform outgrowths, mostly rounded or subcordate at base, herbaceous and toothed at the summit, others flat, smooth, cuneate at base; seeds round or oval, 2—3 mm long, compressed, light brown, smooth. July—August. (Plate IV, Figure 15). Gardens, outcrops of red clay, and stony deserts. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., T.Sh. Gen.distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Tib., China. Described from the Akchie natural boundary area in the SE Balkhash area. Type in Leningrad. 26. A.sibirica L. Sp. pl.ed.2 (1763) 1493; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 901. — A.lucida Moench, Meth. Suppl. (1802) 121.— Obione sibirica Fisch. Cat. Hort. Gorenk. (1808) 25; Turcz., Fl.baic.-dah. II, 2,26.— O. muri- cata Gaertn. De fruct. II (1795) 198; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 734. — Ie.: Gaertn., 1. ¢.,. tab. 126; £.5; G@mel. FléSib. Illy 85; tab. 15; £2) (subsist nacia foliis triangularibus etc.).— Exs.: HFR no. 3078. Annual, 15—60 cm high; stem mostly erect, divaricately branched, rarely simple; leaves alternate, short-petioled, triangular-ovate or broadly triangular, broadly cuneate at base, obtusish, repand-dentate or more rarely subentire, whitish-farinose beneath; glomerules in the axils of leaves and in short interrupted spiciform almost leafless inflorescences; staminate flowers 5-merous; pistillate often up to 20-merous in glomerules, bracteolate; bracteoles short-stipitate, ovate to subrotund, strongly convex to globular, united nearly throughout, toothed at the summit, farinose, prominently netted-nerved and densely covered with aculeiform outgrowths; seeds round, 1.5—2 mm in diameter, smooth, lustrous, either blackish-brown and more convex or light brown and more compressed. July—August. (Plate IV, Figure 12). Solonchaks, solonchak meadow, and solonetzic steppes. — W. Siberia: rts (R.), Alt.;E. Siberia: Ang. -Say.; Centr. Asia: Balkh. (?), T. Sh. (Issyk-kul!). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, Kansu). Described from Siberia. Type in London. 27. A.turcomanica Fisch. et Mey. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1839) 169 (nomen); Boiss., Fl.Or.IV (1879) 911; Bge.in A.H. P. VI, 2 (1880) 409. — Obione turcomanica Bge. Reliq. Lehm. (1851) 451 (nomen). — ? A.leptoclada Boiss, et Noé in Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. sér. II, 4 (1859) 74. — A.laciniata B concolor lus. 2 Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1851) 720. — A. laciniata e turcomanica Mog. in DC. Prodr. XII, 2 (1849) 93. — A. belangeri Grossh. et Schischk., Sched.ad herb. ''Pl. or exsicc." IX—XVI (1928) 41 (non Mogq.). — Exs.: Pl. or. exs. no. 358. Undershrub, 40—75 cm high, divaricately branched, the branches whitish; leaves rather small, oblong-ovate to oblong-subhastate, very short-stalked or subsessile, slopingly and obtusely repand-toothed to subentire, mostly obtusish, densely whitish- or silvery-farinose on both sides, alternate; glomerules in the leaf axils and in interrupted leafless spiciform inflorescences; fruiting 80 bracteoles obovate or at base broadly cuneate, united except for the often rounded andtoothed upper margin, in lower half strongly indurated, adnate to the stem and often united among each other, farinose, prominently nerved and covered with irregular outgrowths on two sides; seeds brown, ca. 1.25—1.75 mm in diameter, the embryo with radicle pointing upward. Takyrs and river valleys. — Caucasus: E.and S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D. Gen.distr.: As. Min., Iran. First described from Turkmenia, apparently from the vicinity of Krasnovodsk. Type in Leningrad. Note. Until now this plant has been reported by all authorities as annual, due to the fact that samples had been collected without the lower part of the plant and, consequently, it was considered as a form of A. ta- tarica L. (A.laciniata L.). This is shown to be wrong by the evidence that it is an undershrub and by its connate bracteoles which distinguish it from A. tatarica. .04 28. A.verrucifera M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 441; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 902; Shmal'g., Fl. 11,374; [l'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,153.— Obione verrucifera Moq.Chenop. (1840) 76; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 734. — O. portulacoides Fenzl in Ldb.,l.c., 735, non Moq.— Atriplex portulacoides Pall.et auct.ross.non L.— A. glauca Pall. It.I (1771) 494. —Ic.: Ldb., Ic.pl. Fl. Ross., t.144;Acta Univ. As. Med. ser. VIII—b, 21, fig.17.— Exs.: HFR no. 3082a, b. — Kazak name: zhalman-kulak. Undershrub, 15—50 cm high, branched chiefly in lower part, cinereous; leaves opposite except sometimes the uppermost 1—3, oval to oblong-ovate, obtuse, the uppermost sometimes acute, narrowed to a petiole, entire, vertically oriented; flowers in an interrupted fasciculate-spiciform inflo- rescence forming a panicle; pistillate bracteoles subsessile, short- attenuate toward base, subequally 3-toothed at apex, fleshy, verrucose, fully connate. July—September. Wet solonchaks and saline solonetzes; thicket-forming. — Huropean part: M.Dnp. (SE), Bl., Crim., L. Don (S.), L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., S.and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt.; Centr. Asia: Ar. -Casp., Balkh., Kyz.K., Kara K. (Krasnovodsk). Gen. distr.: Arm. -Kurd., Iran., Dzu. -Kash., Mong. Described from specimens collected in the Crimea and the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Although the plant often occupies extensive areas on solonchaks and serves as feed for camels, it is of relatively little value and is eaten less readily than A.cana. Analysis of flowering plants from W. Kazakhstan gave the following percentage composition: ash 23.63 to 26.80, cellulose 14.12 to 16.18, crude protein 7.3 to 9.12, albumin 6.26 to 6.75, amides 0.11 to 0.12, crude fat 2.1 to 2.26, nitrogen-free extract 42.36 to 49.47; various determinations of starch equivalent yielded values _ fluctuating between 30.61 and 34.45 (I. Larin). Old specimens from the Lower Volga region analyzed as follows on a dry weight basis; ash 12.5, of which 43.25% water soluble salts; the ash included 7.1966 g K,SO,, 105 #:8218 g Na,SO,, 24.5577g NaCl, 0.8116 g Na,CO,, and 1.8928 g free sodium bicarbonate (Goebel). The plant is of interest for ornament. 29, A, thunbergiaefolia Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 911.— Obione thun- bergiaefolia Boiss.et Noé in Boiss. Diagn. Ser. II, 4 (1859) 74.—A.ara- lensis [Iljin in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS. 81 106 Annual, 40—150cm high; stem mostly erect, rarely simple, mostly branched, clearly 4-angled, reddish at the summit; leaves alternate except the lower ones, short-petioled, broadly triangular or subsagittate-triangular, with spreading basal lobes and sometimes (mostly the lower ones) with a pair of small retrorse subsidiary lobes, obtuse, very rarely éntire, mostly coarsely and remotely sinuate-toothed, silvery-farinose on both sides or mainly beneath; glomerules in the leaf axils and in a rather large leafless paniculate inflorescence composed of spikes; pistillate glomerules many- flowered; pistillate bracteoles obovate to oblong-obovate, longitudinally nerved with transversal anastomoses, yellowish except for the green middle part, united except the crenate summit; bracteoles of axillary pistillate flowers extended into a rather long thickish hard smooth shaft; seeds small. (Plate IV, Figure 13 a—b). "Tugai''* — Centr. Asia: Kyz. K. (delta of the Amu Darya). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the Tigris River valley near Kut. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. Note. A. belangeri Mog. approaches this species very closely indeed, but, in the absence of the original specimens and in view of Moquin's tentative designation of this plant as suffrutescent, we are restrained from establishing identity of the two species. 30. A.flabellum Bge.in Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 912; A.H. P. VI, 2 (1880) 411;—Obiones Frabell um BeesmA He Pal ch Shxsiil baa no. 231; Ed. Hort. Bot. Petrop. no. 34; Sintenis It. transcasp.-pers. no. 2183b. Annual, 10—100cm high; stem erect, branched, glabrous, whitish, lustrous; leaves all opposite or the upper ones alternate, short-petioled, only the uppermost sessile, the blade orbicular to oblong-ovate, subhastate, sinuate-dentate, obtuse to acute, cinereous beneath; flowers glomerate in spiciform inflorescences gathered in a loose panicle, each glomerule consisting of numerous staminate flowers and a single pistillate flower; fruiting bracteoles of the latter proliferating and adnate by their margins almost to the apex, rotund in outline, 1—2 cm in diameter, deeply notched at base, stalked, coarsely and deeply 7—11-toothed, prominently nerved, the radially spreading nerves terminating in teeth; seeds round or rounded- oval, 2.5—4.5mm indiameter. April—June. (Plate IV, Figure 4). Stony slopes; commonly as weed in cultivated and old fields; also on refuse dumps. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu. -Tarb., Kyz. K., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., Syr D., Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: Iran., Dzu.—Kash. Described from Iran east of Meshed between Faz and Tabatkuh. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. According to I. A. Linchevskii, a forage plant, apparently for camels. 31. A.moneta Bge. in Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 912. — Exs.: Sint. It. trans- casp.-pers. no. 344. — Ic.: Sorn rast. SSSR, II (1934), fig. 122. Annual, 10 —50 cm high, divaricately branched from the base, stems whitish; leaves alternate except for the lowermost 1—3 pairs, petiolate, orbicular to broad-ovate, rounded at base, obtuse, entire or slightly and sparsely toothed with slanting rounded teeth, grayish-green, glabrous; flowers glomerate in spikelike leafless inflorescences disposed in a loose panicle; perianth of staminate flowers 4-merous; fruiting bracteoles accrescent, united through- out, rotund, 1—1.75cm in diameter, subentire, sessile or obsoletely stipitate, * (Russian word meaning a bottomland complex with woods, bushes, and meadows in river valleys (Soviet Central Asia).] 82 107 umbonate, the indurated central protuberance prominently 3-nerved and with transversal nerves around the center, broadly winged; seeds round or rounded-oval, 2.5—4 mm in diameter, very finely rugulose. April—May. (Plate IV, Figure 5). Sands, clayey slopes, and cultivated fields. — Centr. Asia: Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., Syr D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from two locations inthe Khurasan Province of Iran, the first of these designated as a locality between Rived and Sabzawar. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. According to I.A.Linchevskii, a forage plant, apparently for camels. Of interest for ornament. Section 5. HALIMUS C.A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. IV (1833) 316.— Halimus Wallr. Sched. crit. (1822) 117, gen. Pistillate flowers without perianth, enclosed by fully conate and more or less distinctly stipulate bracteoles. 32. A.pedunculata L. Amoen. Acad. IV (1759) 296; C. A.M. in Ldb. FI. Alt. IV, 316; [l'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. Iv, 153; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 364; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 903.— Obione pedunculata Mog. Chenop. (1840) 75; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 736.— Halimus pedunculatus Wallr. Schedul. crit. (1822) 117.— Diotis atriplicoides M.B.Fl.taur. -cauc. II (1808) 397 (excl. syn. Pall. Ind.taur.).— Ceratocarpus salinus Pall. It.I (1771) 268,270.— C. maritimus Pall. sec M.B.,1.c.— Ic.: Maevsk., Fl. Sr. Ross., ed. 5, p. 525, fig. 181; Fl. Yugo-vost.IV, p. 154, fig. 258.— Exs.: Rchb., Fl. Germ. exs. no. 483; HFR no. 3076 a—c. Annual, 10—50 cm high, cinereous, simple or branched: leaves alternate, oval to oblong-obovate, obtuse, entire, short-petioled, oriented edgewise; flowers glomerate in a verticillate-spiciform inflorescence; staminate 3—5-merous; pistillate bracteolate; bracteoles initially sessile, finally long-stipitate, united throughout, cuneate-cordate, resembling the silicles of shepherd's purse, with2 obtuse lateral lobes and a very small apiculate middle lobe; seeds rounded-oval, ca. 3mm long and 2—2.5mm broad. June— September. (Plate IV, Figure 1). Wet solonchaks and solonchak meadows; solitary or insmall groups. — Europeanpart: M. Dnp. (E.), Transv. (S.), Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.- Casp., Kara K. (Kerki). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur. Described from England. Type in London. 33. A.fera (L.) Bge. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér., XXVII, 8 (1880) 6.—Spinacia fera L.Sp.pl.ed.2 (1763) 1456.—S. divaricata Turcz. ex Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 118.-—Obione fera Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 107; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 733; Turcz. Fl. baic. -dah. II, 2, 26.— O. lenticularis, Mog. Chenop. (1840) 70.— Atriplex lenticu- lare C.A.M.in Turcz. cat. baic. -dah. no. 958 (1838) 15.—Ic.: Gmel., Fl. Sib. IL \p. &6,it. 6: Annual, 15—50 cm high; stem erect or ascending, simple or branched; leaves in lower part of the plant opposite, in upper part alternate, oblong- ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, entire, rounded-cuneate at base, more rarely subhastate, narrowed to a petiole, green on both sides, the upper ones narrower and covered, like the inflorescence, with a subSequently 83 108 exfoliating farinaceous film; flowers glomerate in the leaf axils and ina terminal spiciform inflorescence interrupted in fruit; staminate 4-merous; pistillate mostly in glomerules of 3—10, rarely solitary, bracteolate; bracteoles ovate, oval, or oblong-oval, distinctly stipitate in fruit, convex, united throughout, entire or at summit with 3 small teeth (of these the middle one acute, the lateral ones obtuse) or rarely 1-toothed, reticulate- nerved, in upper part sometimes muricate, mealy-scrufy; seeds round, flat, brown, smooth, 1.5—2 mm in diameter, with prominent radicle. July— August. (Plate IV, Figure 11). Solonetzes. — E. Siberia: Ang. -Say., Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia, from the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk, according to Gmelin's collection. Type in London. Genus 404. EUROTIA* ADANS. Adans. Fam. II (1763) 269. Annual plants; flowers unisexual; staminate with 4-merous perianth, with 4 short-filamented stamens, in short compact spikelike inflorescences terminating the branchlets, ebracteolate; pistillate without perianth, enclosed by a pair of bracteoles united to above the middle, borne in the leaf axils below the staminate inflorescence; pistil with 2 filiform styles; fruit vertical. Undershrubs or shrubs with alternate entire leaves, the leaves and annotinous shoots covered with stellate hairs. The genus contains 7 species. 1. Leaves narrowed or rounded toward base; low shrub, branched mainly implioweruparte 34.10 OL USS thee seen 1. E. ceratoides (L.) C.A.M. + Leaves clearly cordate; undershrub branched mainly in upper part ... a ESSN ERAS. saedted ko SECs) NAMEN Ponce SERIO Aad Gam 2. 2. E.ewersmanniana Stschegl. 1. E.ceratoides (L.) C.A.M.in Ldb. Fl. Alt. IV (1833) 239; Ldb., Fl. Ross. III, 738; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah.II, 2,30; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 375; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 903; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 164.— Axyris ceratoides L. Sp. pl. (1753)979. - Krascheninnikovia ceratoides Guldenst. Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop. XVI (1772) 548,555.— Diotis ceratoides Willd. Sp. pl. IV (1805)368.— Ceratospermum papposum Pers. Syn. II (1807) 551.— Diotis ferruginea Nees, Gen. Fl. Germ. Mon. IV (1835) 65. — Eurotia ferruginea Mogq.in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 120.— E. cera- toides var.ferruginea Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 1918.—Ic.: Fl. Yugo- Vost. IV, fig. 262. — Exs.: HFR no. 3083 a—c. Undershrub or small shrub, 40—100 cm high; leaves oval, oblong, ovate- lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, with a very short petiole, obtuse to subacute, narrowed or rounded at base, entire, with slightly revolute margins, 1-nerved; segments of staminate perianth rounded -ovate, obtusish, stellate-hairy; fruiting bracteoles united, covered on the free spreading tips with stellate hairs, elsewhere with long simple white or finally rufescent hairs; these surpassing the tips; ovary hairy; fruit obovoid, ca. 3mm long, covered with simple appressed hairs and scattered stellate ones. July—September. (Plate II, Figure 12). * From Greek euros, mold, alluding to leaf color. 84 109 110 Steppes, mostly stony, gravelly, or desert steppes, and chalk. — European part: Bl., Crim., V.-Don, L. Don, Transv., L. V.; Caucasus: throughout except the forest and alpine zones of mountains; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (S. part), Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (steppe islands), Dau.; Centr. Asia: all regions. Gen. distr.: W. Med. (Spain and N. Afr.), Centr. Eur. (Hungary), Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Jap. -Ch. (N. China): Described from the Tatar ASSR and Moravia. Type in London. Note. A. Lozina-Lozinskaya, in her review of this genus (Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1930, 977), divides E.ceratoides into three geographic races: var.pratensis A. Los. (prof.), a steppe type with relatively tall erect stems, leaves almost glabrous above, and considerably developed pistillate inflorescences; var.deserticola A.Los. (pro f.), a mountain- desert type of lower stature, with usually prostrate branches, leaves similarly hairy on both sides, and less developed inflorescence; var. tragacanthoides A. Los. (pro f.), a depressed, tragacanthoid type forming compact cushions in the subalpine and alpine areas of Central Asia. These races include forms with ovate leaves (f. latifolia Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 120), lanceolate (f. angustifolia Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1851) 738), and linear (f.tenuifolia Mogq., l.c.). Economic importance. Gathered for fuel in desert regions. It also serves there as feed for camels. Its economic importance is particularly great under conditions of high-mountain deserts of the Pamir. Analysis of the herbage from the Kazakhstan area gave the following percentage composition: ash 7.41 —8.22, cellulose 20.86 —23.14, crude protein 14.02 —15.56, crude fat 2.6 —2.89, nitrogen-free extract 45.24 —50.19. The starch equivalent proved to be at values between 34.51 and 38.29 (I. Larin). An analysis of plants from the [former] Talas-Susamyr District of the Kirghiz ASSR yielded the following percentages: hygroscopic water 8.41, ash 10.68, cellulose 29.12, crude protein 12.36, crude fat 1.97, nigrogen-free extract 37.47 (Abolin and Sovetkina). Of interest for ornament. 2. E. ewersmanniana Stschegl. in Borshch. Geogr. Ar.-Kasp. kr. Pril. k "Zap. Im. Akad. Nauk," VII (1865) 46,145; A. Los. in Bull. d. l'Acad. d. Se. d. 1'URSS, XXIX, 5 —6 (1930) 993. —Ic.: A. Los., l.c., f. 1a, 2b, 3b. Low shrub, to 100cm high; branches in upper part densely ramified; leaves oval to oblong-ovate, short-petioled, cordate or rarely rounded at base, heavily hairy on both sides; fruiting bracteoles united, the united part 5—6 times longer than the free tips, the indument as in the preceding species. In other characters resembling the preceding. Extensive sandy stretches of semidesert and northern desert regions. — Cente: Asia: Ar. -Casp., balkh., Kyz kt) Syr Do i sh., Dzur—Tlarb. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Describedfromthe E. Uralarea. Typein Leningrad. Genus 405. CERATOCARPUS* L. L.Nov.pl.gen. (1747) 28; Gen.pl.ed. 5 (1754) 416. Monoecious plants with unisexual flowers; staminate flowers ebracteolate, in groups of 2—5 in the axils of upper leaves, short-pediceled, * From Greek ceras,horn,and carpos, fruit, referring to fruit shape. 85 with a 2-lobed perianth and 1 stamen; pistillate flowers solitary, without perianth, with a hairy ovary and 2 long filiform stigmas, enclosed by 2 fully united obcuneate or obovate involucral bracteoles; fruiting bracteoles terminated by 2 long acute straight spreading aculeiform outgrowths. Stellate-hairy forking-branched annuals with narrow entire leaves. The genus contains 2 species. 1. Leaves narrowly linear, 0.5 —2 mm broad; fruit obcuneate, with flat WBC eal TACOS acess ae ke tela oe elias ee va Oita: si oh Squee eae 1. C. arenarius L. + At least the lower leaves lance-linear or oblong, 2 —20mm broad; fruit obovate, with convex faces ..... 2. C.turkestanicus Szv.-Rycz. 1. C. arenarius L. Sp. pl. (1753) 969; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 739; Shmal'g., Fl. I], 375; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 906; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 165. — Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, fig. 263; Maevskii, Fl. Sr. Ross., ed. 5, fig. 182. — Exs.: HFR no. 888. Annual, 5— 30cm high, grayish by stellate hairs, strongly branched from base, the repeatedly and occasionally alternate forking branches often imparting to it a spherical tumble-weed shape; leaves alternate, opposite or even in whorls of 3 at the crotches, linear-filiform to linear, 1—4cm long and 0.5 —2 mm broad, narrowed toward base, strongly cuspidate, 1-nerved, covered with stellate hairs, long unbranched jointed hairs sometimes arising from the center of the stellate hairs; perianth of staminate flowers oblong-ovate, with obtuse lobes, sparsely covered with fugacious stellate hairs; ovary densely stellate-hairy; fruiting bracteoles united, oblong-obcuneate, 5—7mm long and ca. 2.5—4mm broad at summit, with a longitudinal nerve on each side and with straight spreading subulate outgrowths at the margins of the summit; fruits at the base of the stem resembling tomentose ''cotyledons'' with hornless involucels. May—July. Sandy steppes, pastures, melon fields, plowland, and ruderal places in the forest-steppe, steppe, and semidesert belts. — European part: M. Dnp. (rare), Bl., Crim., V. -Don, L. Don, Transv., L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., B.and.s; Transc.;. W: Siberia: U..Tob.; Irt.,,Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.—Saya; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Described from Tataria, apparently — from the SE of the European USSR. Type in London. Economic importance. Ebelek considers this plant to be of value as forage in semideserts and deserts, where it is eaten by livestock all the year round. It is of particular importance as fattening feed for horses and it improves the amount and quality of mare's milk. Percentage analysis of herbage from West Kazakhstan and the Volga region: ash 8.52 —14.35, cellulose 18.8 —37.16, crude protein 8.41 —15.63, albumin 6.56—8.12, crude fat 1.38 —2.36, nitrogen-free extract 28.41 —59.13, soluble carbohydrates before inversion 1.17—11.61 and after inversion 2.2 —8.23; starch equivalent fluctuates between 24.03 and 40.95 (I. Larin, Aleksandrova, Beguchev, and others). Two assays of June specimens from the Talas-Susamyr District of the Kirghiz ASSR gave the following percentage values: hygroscopic water 9.44 and 7.32, ash 7.53 and 9.86, cellulose 35.93 and19.56, crude protein 7.62 and 9.06, crude fat 1.84 and 1.45, nitrogen-free extract 37.64 and 52.75, respectively (Abolin and Sovetkina). 86 2. C.turkestanicus Sav.-Rycz. in Addenda, V,p.874 —C. caput me- dusae Bluk. in Festsch. z. Jubil v. B. A. Keller (1931) 25 et 31.—C. utri- Salosus Bluk.,1.c.,24 et: 31; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 905.—C. arenarius per. turk: plur., non .— Ic-.: Bluk.,1.c., p.30 — Exs.: Sintenis It. transcasp.- pers. 1900—1901, no. 286. Annual, 3—30 cm high, densely covered with almost spreading stellate hairs, one much elongated multicellular ray arising from the center of the stellate hairs; stem much branched from base, the plant often acquiring spherical shape; leaves linear to oblong, 2—7cm long and 2—10mm broad, narrowed toward base, in very broad leaves tapering to a distinct petiole, terminating in a rather firm cusp, stellate-hairy on both sides; fruiting bracteoles obovate to oblong-obovate, mostly 5—10 or rarely to 15mm long (excluding cusp) and 4—7 mm broad, the upper ones often bearing at the upper angles straight spreading slenderly subulate spines often to 15mm long; spines of lower younger bracteoles sometimes arched-recurved or very rarely reduced to small usually closed teeth; lowermost bracteoles at the base of the stem round white-tomentose and spineless. April—May. (Plate II, Figure 14). Sands, loamy deserts, pebbles, conglomerates; as weed in cultivated fields. — Caucasus: Dag.(?), E.and S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (S.), Balkh., Kyz.K., Kara K., Syr D., Amu D. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash. Described from the vicinity of Ashkhabad. Type in Leningrad. Note. Bluket establishes a separate species,C.utriculosus Bluk., which is not geographically distinctive,as having recurved spiniform bracteole outgrowths. There are no grounds for this procedure, since in most C.turkestanicus Sav.-Rycz. plants this phenomenon may be observed as a function of age and characterizes young fruits in the lower part of the plant. Bluket disregards the name C.turkestanicus Sav.-Rycz., which has long penetrated into the literature and has become thoroughly established, for the reason that the description of this species has not been published. On the other hand, in describing his two species, C.utriculosus Bluk. and C.caput medusae Bluk., he does not supply a Latin diagnosis, and since the two species should be pooled on the lines proposed by V.M.Savich in establishing his species C.turkesta- nicus,I retain this older name. Economic importance. Apparently the same as for the preceding species. Genus 406. AXYRIS*L. L. Gen. pl.ed.5 (1754), 420; Sp.pl. (1753) 979. Monoecious plants with unisexual flowers; staminate flowers with 3—5- parted perianth and 2—5 stamens, glomerate, borne above the pistillate flowers, ebracteolate, the anthers unappendaged; pistillate flowers in the axils of upper leaves, with lateral bracteoles and a perianth of 3 segments; stigmas 2, filiform; fruit vertical; seeds containing endosperm and a horseshoe-shaped embryo, compressed laterally. Annual plants with green alternate leaves and stellate indument. * From Greek a-, negative prefix,and ksiron, shears. 87 The genus contains 6 species. 1. Fruits of two sorts, the uppermost few, obovoid, the others very HUMECTOUS ALMTOStsSDMeEUCAl sere sts awe oa) oe ee Oe eee ee 23 + Fruis Unrorm, never spherical, compressed laterally =)... . . -e9e 3. 2 Pistillate flowers in compact glomerules. Siberia and Central Asia ... JS) estat ecient of Barc compu tage esepanasariies Ea aeliat 4. A.sphaerosperma Fisch. et Mey. ate Pistillate flowers in a more elongated inflorescence. Caucasus...... Ges cig olen Sa lng A Rie ete ecg ecg 5. A.caucasica (Somm. et Lev.) Lipsky. 3. Stem or its main branches prostrate; leaves broad-ovate to suborbi- cular; staminate flowers incapitateinflorescences; fruit broadly obovate or subrotund, with or without 2 obsolescent teeth at Ssummit......... Weal Gast. ts, aby ire Ry SES sees Serres Mire asthe Mee 3. A. prostrata L. + Stem erect; leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate; staminate inflorescence SPIKCIIKC coats game page woes © te eile etal ake! «che Geel: eee ae 4. 4. Leaves acute or acuminate, mostly glabrous above; staminate inflores- cences simple; fruit mostly 2.5—3 mm long, terminating in 2 approxi- PIPE VECE LM. ignatius Gace ee mk kas SEE OPP ns ca 1. A.amaranthoides L. + Leaves obtuse and hairy on both sides; staminate inflorescences branched in lower part; fruit 2—2.2 mm long, its apieal teeth rather GISELE ares na os tke ty Soe Oo ciel at MER BC iaedntd sche tee AE ete 2. A.hybrida Tl: 1. A.amaranthoides L. Sp. pl. (1753) 959; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 713; Turcz., Fl.baic.-dah. II, 2 (1856) 28; Shmal'g., Fl. I],376; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 907; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,167.— Atriplex amarantoides Gmel. ex Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 116. — Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, fig. 264. Annual, 15—80 cm high, stellate-hairy except for the glabrous upper surface of leaves, branched, the branches obliquely ascending; leaves short-petioled, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, narrowed to a petiole, acute or acuminate, entire, often with slightly revolute margins; inflorescence paniculate; staminate flowers in a spiciform inflorescence at the end of stem and branches, remotely glomerate in lower part; perianth segments mostly 3, oblong to oblong-oval, obtuse, stellate-hairy on the back; stamens 3; pistillate flowers in the axils of leaves below the staminate inflorescences, with hairy bracteoles; perianth segments 3, whitish- scarious, obovate, obtuse, covered with stellate hairs interspersed with longer simple hairs; fruit somewhat smaller than the accrescent perianth, obovate or oval, red or dark brown, compressed laterally, glabrous, 2.5—3 mm long, crowned by a 2-lobed winglike appendage one-fifth to one- fourth the length of the body, or sometimes the fruit unappendaged. July— September. (Plate II, Figure 11). A weed in cultivated and old fields, refuse dumps, and ruderal places, also riverside bluffs and gravelly slopes. — European part: V.-Kama, Transv., V.-Don (only in the E., Ul'yanovsk Region); W. Siberia: Ob (south of 58°5'N. lat.), U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis. (extreme S.— Eniseisk), Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol. (Yakutsk area); Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh., Kamch.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch., Tib., adventive in N. Am.(E.). Described from Dauria. Type in London. Note. The plant is often responsible for massive infestation of cereal crops and it finds its way with the seed into the European part of the USSR. For this reason the species is often recorded on railroad embankments out- side its distribution area. 88 15 2. A. hybrida L. Sp. pl. (1753) 980; FenzlinLdb. Fl. Ross. III, 725; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. II, 2 (1856) 28; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 909. — Ic.: Gmel., Fl. Sib. Wot eat. 1. Annual, 10 —30cm high, erect, stellate-hairy, the branches obliquely ascending or sometimes almost spreading; leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, with relatively short petioles, entire, obtusish, stellate-hairy onboth sides, onthe average 1—3cm long; staminate flowers ina short spiciform inflorescence at the ends of stem and branches; perianth segments 3, oblong or obovate, stellate- hairy; pistillate perianth 3-parted, hairy and stellate-pubescent; fruit rounded-ovalto obovate, 2—2.2 mm long and1.5—1.75mm broad, strongly compressed laterally, concentrically wrinkled, dull, dark brown, terminating in 2 very short scarious distant teeth (one-eighth as long as the fruit) often with minute denticles between them. June —August. Stony steppes and gravelly slopes, refuse dumps and ruderal places. — W. Siberia: Irt. (sporadically), Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Karakalinskie Mts. and Zaisan), Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh.(E.), Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 3. A. prostrata L. Sp. pl. (1753) 980; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.III,714; Turcz. BS bares-dahiil, 2,29? Kryll- Pl. Zap. sib. IV $909. =A. panriricay Bi . _Fedtsch. in A. H. P. XXIV, 3 (1905) 342.— A. prostrata var.pamirica B. Fedtsch.,l.c.— A. glacialis B.Fedtsch.in A.H. P. XXIV (1908) 57.— ler Gmelsrl: sib. Tits 454. 2). Annual, stellately pubescent; stems and branches mostly reddish,3—30 cm long, prostrate, ascending at the tips; leaves broad-ovate to suborbicular or obovate, 5—15 mm long, obtuse, narrowed to a petiole, stellate-pubescent on both sides, very rarely glabrous and then the stem and staminate flowers reddish (var. viridis Iljin); staminate flowers in a capitate inflorescence at the ends of stem and branches, with pubescent perianth; pistillate flowers 3-lobed, hairy; fruit broadly obovate or sometimes subrotund, 1.4—1.75 mm long and 1—1.5mm broad, strongly compressed laterally, dark gray, dull, transversely rugose, terminating in obsolescent very remote white-scarious teeth or often without them. July—August. Sands and pebbles of mountain rivers, stony slopes; often ascending above the timberline. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.(Pamir). Gen.distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in Leningrad. 4. A. sphaerosperma Fisch. et Mey.,Ind.Sem. Hort. Petrop. VI (1839) 46; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 910; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 910. Annual, 10—40 cm high, densely covered throughout with spreading stellate hairs; stem erect with obliquely ascending or more or less spreading branches; leaves oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, narrowed toa short petiole, entire; staminate flowers crowded at the ends of stem and branches in capitate inflorescences, hairy; pistillate flowers on short branchlets in subcapitate inflorescences borne in the axils of larger leaves, with hairy 3-lobed perianth; fruits of two kinds, the terminal usually sparse, oblong-obovate, 1.3—2 mm long and 1—1.25 mm broad, slightly convex, with or without 2 small obtuse scarious teeth at the summit, the others more numerous, subspherical, 1.25—1.5mm in diameter, scarcely compressed laterally, roughened longitudinally and in upper part obscurely transverse- rugose. (Plate II, Figure 10). 89 116 W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (Belyurskaya village). Endemic. Described from the Chuya River in Altai. Type in Leningrad. Note. Hardly anything is known concerning the habitat of this species. The specimen from Yakutia is labelled ''a ridge beside a saline lake." Since the Altai specimens were collected at the Chuya River, it would appear that they are associated with desert-steppe conditions. 5. A.caucasica (Somm.et Lev.) Lipsky, Fl. Cauc. I (1899) 430.— A. spha- erosperma var.caucasica Somm.et Lev. in A.H. P. XVI (1900) 399. — A.tectorum Somm. et Lev.in Lipsky, l.c.,431.— Ic.: Somm. et Lev.,l.c., foe Annual, 5—30 cm high, densely covered throughout with spreading stellate hairs; stems erect or together with the divergent branches, prostrate; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly lanceolate, short-petioled, acute, entire; staminate flowers hairy, in capitate or short-spiciform inflorescences; pistillate flowers on short branchlets but not forming capitate glomerules, the mostly 3-lobed perianth hairy throughout; fruits of two sorts, in the upper parts of inflorescences oblong-obovate to obovate, with convex faces, often terminating in 2 very short scarious distant teeth, the others much more numerous, subspherical,1.5—2 mm in diameter, but slightly compressed, laterally, toothless or with rudimentary teeth, finely striate longitudinally. July —August. Stony places, along mountain paths at altitudes between 900 and 2,700m, often close to glaciers. — Caucasus: Main Caucasus Range. Endemic. Described from specimens collected in two locations: Kuban in the Tiberda area, and Mount El'brus. Type in Florence. Note. This species is so closely related to A. sphaerosperma Fisch. et Mey., that combining the two would be reasonably justified. The distinguishing characters indicated in the description of A. caucasica are not substantial; they include the gray as against reddish pubescence, heterocarpy, and uninterrupted hairiness of the female flowers. Closer observations show that these characters apply to both species. However, the disjunct distribution area, ecological attributes, the occasional occur- rence of spiciform staminate inflorescences, and less crowded pastillaie flowers, all argue against full identification. Tribe 6. CAMPHOROSMEAE Mog. Chenop. (1840) 82. Flowers perfect, often with some intermixture of unisexual ones, ebracteolate, 4- or more often 5-merous; perianth segments thin, scarious, mostly hairy, connate to varying extent; fruit with or without winglike or otherwise shaped out- growths; stamens 4 or 5; anthers unappendaged; seeds horizontal or vertical, with annular or rarely almost horseshoe-shaped embryo. Hairy plants with narrow entire leaves. Genus 407. CAMPHOROSMA *«L. L. Amoen.acad.I (1747) 118; Gen. pl. ed.5 (1754) 58. Flowers perfect, 4-merous, ebracteolate, solitary in the axils of short bracteal leaves, forming rather compact spiciform inflorescences; perianth * From the Greek words camphora,camphor,and osme, scent. 5402 90 4-toothed, compressed, more or less hairy; stamens with exserted filaments and oblong-oval unappendaged anthers; ovary with style and 2 long filiform stigmas; fruit vertical; seed with endosperm and a hippocrepiform embryo. Annuals or undershrubs, hairy, with subulate or linear-filiform alternate leaves. The genus contains about 10 species. i) TONY SPSS EET SSP aaa SIRS RE eyo eck arg ae ee em re + JANTaK Arh Vale] GSA heute MEM cy ee] SKSTIOI) Ri DA amy men eae Oey PgR pI) Li eee Shs 2. Indument consisting of relatively short hairs; perianth with4 lobes subequal; inflorescence rather slender, its branches ca. 2—4mm in MaiMete ics SeCOS Cas Mam MGT AMNCLO I oi ais te eye tee ie gn te met == Indument consisting of relatively long hairs; lateral lobes of the perianth longer and spreading; inflorescences stouter, their branches 4—10mm in diameter; seeds 1.5—2 mm long . .1. C.monspeliacum L. 3. Perianth glabrate, its spreading lateral teeth covered with short hairs or with but very few long ones, the distinct middle teeth green at Summit. rather Ssparselyhaury ior clabrous, plants... . 20s - jag ala ore PME OP Er stl et iN ata e Rite auch bp ER ka tabe ei hha =. G. annuum Pall. or Perianth often very hairy, its lateral teeth closed and covered with long bristlelike hairs, the middle lobes fully scarious; decidedly PaeeTea pT CIAE Sik a cases eheecubyn sec lafietth hee finyata, KU Si UCN 9 yaks Ys 4. C.songoricum Bge. 1. C. monspeliacum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 112; Litvinov in Tr. Bot. Muz. Akad. Nauk II, 93; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 169; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 911. — C. perenne Pall. III (1803) 66; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 742; Shmal'g., HE 363.— Comonspeliacum var.typicum Trautv.in Bull. Soc. Nat: Mosc. XL, 3 (1867) 57.— C. ruthenicum M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) An eee lanl ie. ton. xs. HER ino.4162%. Undershrub, 10—50cm high, rather densely cespitose; annual shoots borne on the woody branches whitish or white-tomentose with short crisp hairs, mostly ramified only in upper part; leaves subulate, 3—10 mm long, stiffish, erect (f. stricta (Fenzl) Litw.,l.c.) or more rarely recurved (f.recurvifolia (Fenzl) Litw.,1.c.), covered with long somewhat spreading hairs, with reduced branchlets in their axils; flowers solitary in a short compact spike, the subtending bracteoles as long as or shorter than the flowers, sometimes spinescent (f. spinescens Litw.,l.c.); perianth 3—3.5 mm long, densely covered with long hairs (var. hirsu- tissimum Litw.,l.c.) or with short hairs and then glabrate beneath (var.pilosum Litw.,1l.c.(the two longer lateral teeth herbaceous and recurved in fruit, mostly as long as the tube, the two middle lobes short and scarious; seeds oval or oblong-oval, 1.5—1.75 (2) mm long, brown or brownish-black, diffusely glandular. July—September (Plate V, Figure 2). Solonetzes and solonetzic steppes, also gravelly solonetzic slopes; solitary or in groups. — European part: Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: 91 Cise.; Dag., E. Tramse. (rare); W. Siberia: U. Tob. (S.),Irt.(S.)) Alt.?; Centr: Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. (N., rare). Gen. distr.: Med., Bal. -As. Min., Iman (C2): Economic importance. The plant contains about 0.2% of volatile oil with the scent of bitter almonds which yields propylamine upon distillation with KOH (Wehmer). The plant emits the odor of camphor and in the past it had medicinal applications as a stimulant, diuretic, and diaphoretic. It still finds use in popular medicine in some localities (Rollov). The plant is considered in desert regions as forage for camels, sheep, and goats, but it is of rather poor quality. Chemical analysis gives the following percentage values: 1) for flowering plants, hygroscopic water 8.13, ash 14.31 to 15.58, cellulose 26.60—28.30, crude protein 10.74 to 11.69, crude fat 2.51—2.73, nitrogen-free extract 38.31 to 41.70, starch equivalent 28.90 to 31.46; 2) for fruiting plants, hygroscopic water 6.38, ash 15.68 to 16.75, cellulose 20.55 to 21.95, crude protein 7.97 to 8.51, crude fat 3.37 to 3.60, nitrogen-free extract 46.05 to 49.19, starch equivalent 83.46 to 85.07 (i iaicin)’. 118 2. C.lessingii Litw. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. St. Pétersb. II (1905) 96; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 912; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,170.— C. ruthenicum C.A.M. (non M. B.) in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 151; Fenzl in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 743; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 363.— C. monspeliacum var.ruthenicum Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XL, 3 (1867) 57.— Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, fig. 265. Undershrub, 25—80 cm high, cespitose, the woody branches with clusters of leaves; annual shoots arising at the base of branches, ascending, simple or short-branched at the ends, whitish with short crisp tangled hairs; leaves subulate, 2—6 mm long, often heavily hairy, with clusters of reduced branchlets in the axils; flowers solitary incompact spiciform inflorescences, the subtending bracteoles the length of the flowers; perianth 2—2.5mm long, rounded-oval, hairy, the 4 teeth subequal, straight, half as long as the tube; seed round, blackish-brown, flat, ca. 1mm in diameter, diffusely glandular. July—September. (Plate V, Figure 3). Solonchaks, chalk, stony slopes; sometimes in large groups. — European part: L.V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E.and 8. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (Sa); Irt.(S.), Alt.(W.); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al., Syr D., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Iran., Arm. - Kurd. Lessing's specimens from the vicinity of Gur'ev should probably be regarded as the type. Economic importance. The uses are apparently like those of the preceding species. According to Larin, the plant is eaten by livestock more readily than the preceding. In Dagestan it is considered as good winter forage for sheep. 3. C. annuum Pall. It. III (1776) 603; Illustr. (1803) 67; Shmal'g,, Fl. II, 362 (p.p.). — C. ovata W.et K. Pl. rar. Hung. (1802) 64; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Lt, (44, — le Pall ti. t.505 W.er K.olc.4 1,63. — Exen: Piliexs: Austro-Hung. no. 2676. Annual or rarely biennial, 5-30 cm high; stem erect or often ascending, mostly branched, glabrous or sparsely hairy, commonly reddish; lower branches ascending; leaves linear-filiform, semiterete, 0.5—1.5 cm long, diffusely hairy to glabrate; flowers in compact spiciform sometimes 92 9 120 clavately thickened inflorescences; perianth 3—4 mm long, glabrous in lower part, slightly hairy above, the longer lateral teeth herbaceous, obtusish, spreading, glabrous or short-hairy, the middle ones always herbaceous at summit, broader; seeds ca. 2mm long. (Plate V, Figure 1). Solonchaks. — European part: Bl. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (Hungary), Bal. (Serbia, Bulgaria, Rumania). Described from the vicinity of Kremenchug on the Dnieper River. Type in London. Note. Bunge already pointed out (A.H. P. VI, 2, p.415) that Pallas's Kremenchug specimens did not differ from the Hungarian. This species occurs infrequently in the Ukraine and is known from the vicinities of Kherson, Kremenchug, and several other places. Records from other locations should be referred to C. songoricum Bge. 4. C. songoricum Bge.in A.H.P.VI,2 (1880) 415; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 913.— C. annua Fenzl (non Pall.) in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 744 (p. p.); Shmal'g., Fl. I, 362 (p. p.); Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 912; Il'in in F1. Yugo-Vost.IV, 171. Annual or biennial ?, 10—30cm high, hairy; stem branched from base or rarely only in upper part; lower branches long, ascending, covered with long tangled hairs; leaves filiform-linear, 0.5—1.5cm long and 0.5—1mm in diameter, obtusish, covered with long straight spreading hairs and bearing reduced branchlets in the axils; flowers in a compact mostly somewhat claviform spike; perianth ovaloid, 3—3.5 mm long, hairy, the longer lateral lobes green, acutish, mostly approximate, one-third to one-half the length of the tube, with long hairs at summit, the shorter middle lobes obtusish, Scarious; seeds oblong-obovate, ca. 2mm long and 0.75 mm broad, glabrous, brown, July—September. Wet solonchaks, solonchak meadows, and meadow solonchaks. — European part: Bl.; Crim., M. Dnp. (Lubny). L. Don, Transv., L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc.; W. Siberia: U.Tob., Irt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.- Kash. Described from the vicinity of Kurchum on the left bank of the Irtysh River. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. According to I. V. Larin, not eaten by livestock at all. Genus 408. PANDERIA*FISCH. et MEY. Fisch.et Mey. Ind.sem.H. Petrop. II (1835) 46. Flowers 5-merous, perfect, rarely intermixed with some pistillate ones, 1—7 in the axils of upper leaves, forming a spiciform inflorescence, ebracteolate; perianth hairy, tubercled on the back, in fruit winged; stamens 5, exserted; ovary with a short style and 2 long filiform hairy stigmas; fruit and seed vertical, glabrous; embryo tuberiform. Annual plants with alternate leaves. The genus contains 3 or 4 species. i, Hairs on the stem very long, dense, all horizontally spreading; wings broad, rotund to ovate, their margins often contiguous............ SES FV Be SEE ye eee eRe a Ene ae DR 3 Cramer oh 2. P.turkestanica Ijin. at Hairs loosely tangled; wings narrow, linear to lanceolate ......... SRE le iia leaks tips mh staaiin eeleasly “as eiaaee 1. P. pilosa Fisch. et Mey. * Dedicated to Christian Pander (1749-1865), 93 123 1. P. pilosa Fisch. et Mey. Ind. sem. Horti Petrop. II (1835) 46. — (?) (?) P.monticola Boiss. ex Bge. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sc. St.-Petersb. VII sér., XXXVI, 8 (1880) 9. —Pterochlamys pilosa Fisch. et Mey., in Ldb. FI. Ross. III (1851) 741.— Kochia noeana Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 919. — Panderia divaricata C.Koch in Linnaea XXII (1849) 186.— Kiri- lowia pilosa Bge. Del. Sem. Hort. Dorpat (1843) 7.—Ic.: Engl.u. Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 2 Aufl.,16c (1934) 52.7,f.198 E—H. Annual, branched, commonly with long branches from the base; stem and branches hairy, decumbent with long loosely tangled hairs interspersed with shorter ones; cauline leaves linear to linear-lanceolate or oblong, narrowed toward base; leaves onbranches oblong to oval, sessile or obsoletely petiolate, allentire andhairy; perianth ovaloid-cylindric; perianth teeth one-fourth to one-third the length of the tube, with hoodlike appendages which turn into wings in fruit; wings narrow, corniculate or lanceolate, mostly hollow at base. Ruderal solonetzic sites; solitary. Caucasus: Cisc.? (Kuba River area), S. and E. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. (Iran). Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad. 2. P.turkestanica Iljin in Bull. Jard. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS, XXX, 3—4 (1932) 364.— P. pilosa auct.turk.,non Fisch.et Mey.— Kirilowia pilosa Bge. Del. sem.Horti Dorp. (1843) 8. Annual; stem mostly branched from base, densely covered with long horizontally spreading hairs; lower cauline leaves oblong to oblong-oval, short-attenuate at base; upper cauline and ramal leaves oblong- ovalor ovate, sessile or nearly so, commonly rounded at base, all entire, hairy; perianth segment one-fourth to one-third as long as the tube, winged in fruit, the rotund or obovate wings mostly withcrenate margin. (Plate V, Figure 10). Haloxylon communities andtakyrs insandy semideserttracts; solitary or insmall groups. — Caucasus: S.Transc.(adventive ?); Centr. Asia: Ar.- Casp. (from the latitude of the Aral Sea and eastward), Balkh., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Tib. ? Described from Chinese Dzungaria (between Manas and Shih-huo [Usu]). Type in Leningrad. Genus 409. KIRILOWIA* BGE. Bge. Del. Sem. Hort. Dorpat. (1843) 7. Flowers perfect, sometimes with an intermixture of unisexual ones, ebracteolate, in spiciform inflorescences; perianth 5- or more rarely 4-merous, scarious, hairy, not changing in fruit; stamens 5, strongly exserted, the anthers minutely appendiculate at summit; ovary with a short style and 2 hairy stigmas; seed vertical; embryo horseshoe-shaped. Annuals with alternate entire leaves. A monotypic genus. 1. K. eriantha Bge. Del. Sem. Hort. Dorp. (1843) 7; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. . Ross. Ill, 742; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. TV. 914.— Ie.: Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. 2 Aufl., 16c (1934) 527, f.198 J—N. Annual, mostly branched, covered with short hairs and especially in upper part, with few longer ones; leaves oval to oblong-ovate, entire, sessile, short-attenuate, rather densely covered with subappressed hairs; flowers * Named for I. Kirillov (1821—1842), Karelin’s renowned associate. 94 PLATE VI. 1. Corispermum altaicum Iljin.— 2. C.erosum M[jin.— 3. C.pamiricum Ijin.— 4, C. dutreuilii Iljin.— 5. C.laxiflorum Schrenk.— 6. C. lehmannianum Bge.— 7. C. macro- carpum Bge.— 8. C. marschallii Stev.— 9. C.mongolicum Iljin.— 10. C.nitidum Kit.— 11. C. orientale Lam.— 12. C.sibiricum Iljin.—13. C.squarrosum L.— 14. C.hyssopifolium L.— 15. C.elongatum Bge. solitary or in axillary glomerules, densely woolly-coated, the bracteal leaves spreading or slightly arched-recurved; perianth subcylindric, a) 124 solitary, perianth lobes broad, one-fifth to one-fourth the length of the tube, | the basal hairs surpassing the perianth; seeds ovate to oblong-ovate, naked and smooth. (Plate V, Figure 4 a—b). Solonetzic sands, clayey deserts, takyrs, resting places for cattle, and wasteland; solitary or in small groups. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., Kyz.K.;, Kara K., Syr D., T. Sh. Gen. distr>: Dzu.-Kash: Described from the vicinity of the Burgan River, in the Tarbagatai Range. Type in Leningrad. Genus 410. LONDESIA* FISCH. et MEY. Fisch. et Mey. Ind. Sem. Horti Petrop. II (1835) 40. Flowers perfect, ebracteolate, with vertical ovary, in the axil of the bract and more numerous pistillate flowers with horizontal ovary in woolly glomerules, all forming a paniculate inflorescence; perianth scarious, mostly 5-lobed, long-hairy, firmly united in fruit with the pericarp; stamens 5, exserted; pistil with 2 or more rarely 3 long almost smooth stigmas; seeds in perfect flowers vertical, in pistillate ones horizontal. Plants with alternate entire leaves. A monotypic genus. 1. L.eriantha Fisch. et Mey. Ind. Sem. Horti Petrop. II (1835) 40; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 745.— Kochia latifolia auct.turkest., non Fresen. — K.latifolia var.inermis Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1872) 927.—Bassia latifolia auct. turkest.,non Volk.— B.eriantha N. Pavl.in Acta Univ. As. Med. Ser, VIII-b, 22 (1935) 28. Annual; stem erect, bushy-branched from base, the stem and branches sparsely covered with soft hairs; leaves entire, acute, diffusely covered, especially beneath and on the margin, with long hairs; cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, narrowing toward base; ramal and bracteal leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, mostly short-petioled; glomerules forming cottony balls, mostly in pairs on peduncles in the axils of bracts on each side of a perfect flower; perianth of perfect flowers with broad lobes one-fourth the length of the tube, that of pistillate flowers subtruncate, covered especially at base with very long hairs; fruit round or rounded-oval, hairy due to the adherent perianth. April—May. (Plate V, Figure 14). Sands, stony slopes, takyrs, solonetzic clays, river valleys, etc.; solitary or in small groups. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (sands of Sam and Kyya-kulduk west of the Sary-su River), Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the E. shore of the Caspian Sea. Type in Leningrad. Genus 411. ECHINOPSILON** MOQ. Moq.in Ann. Sc. nat. sér. 2, If (1834) 127.— Bassia All. (non L.) Misc. Taur. III (1766) 177. Flowers 5-merous, ebracteolate; fruiting perianth with aculeiform or uncinate outgrowths; stamens mostly 5; stigmas 2, more rarely 3; * Named forthe German naturalist Friedrich Londes (1780 — 1807), who died in the Caucasus. ** From the Greek words echinos, hedgehog, and psilon, hair. 96 25 fruit mostly horizontal, rounded-ovate, flattened at the top; seeds with annular embryo and central perisperm. Annual plants with alternate leaves. The genus contains about 10 species. 1. Leaves flat, elliptic, oblanceolate, or linear; segments of fruiting perianth with incurved hooklike outgrowths...........-........-. + on 5 3 ta Sane eidls Se corbin tagline ivintict Eta cine 1. E. hyssopifolium (Pall.) Moq. ae Leaves terete or Semiterete, always linear; segments of fruiting perianth with tuberclelike or subulate outgrowths ............ Dae 2. Stem and branches grayish, densely clothed with tangled crisp EMSAM POI Sie tie a ecee ganar ak NS cca sige avo 2. E. sedoides (Pall.) Mog. ote Stem and branches with horizontally spreading hairs .......... aie 3. Fruiting perianth mostly with 3 short tuberclelike outgrowths; inflorescence axis helicoid at maturity .... 4. E. hirsutum (igs) Mog. a Fruiting perianth with 5 long subulate-tipped outgrowths; inflorescence strongly divaricately branched, with straight axis ............... ge rau dala ior, gs) aeipeshi vey eee A, | Pato a 3. E. divaricatum Kar. et Kir. 1. E. hyssopifolium (Pall.) Moq. Chenop. (1840) 87; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Bosse ll ¢51.— ©. lanatum. Mog. in Ann. Sc. nat. 2 Ser. UL (1834) 127. — Bassia hyssopifolia Volk in Nat. Pflanzenf. III, la (1892) 70; Melvin 4ap.cio.1V, 919; iin in Pl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 172.— Salsola hyssopifolia Pall. It.1 (1771) 491.—Chenopodium lanuginosum Mnch. Meth. (1794) 330.— Willemetia lanata Maerkl. in Schrad. Journ. III, 1 (1800) 330.—Kochia hyssopifolia Roth, Neue Beitr. (1802) 176; Samal. Hit 365.— K- diffusa Hort. Gorenki in Ldb.,J.c.—Suaeda hyssopifolia Pall. Illustr. (1803) 44.—Ic.: Pall.,1l.c.,t. 36 (sub Suaeda) Sorn. rast. SSSR, II (1934), fig. 125.— Exs.: Rchb. Fl. Germ. exs.,no. 581. Annual, 10 —100cm high; stems erect or ascending, simple or branched, covered especially at summit with crisp hairs; leaves mostly oblanceolate or oblanceolate-linear, acute or the lowermost sometimes obtusish, narrowed toward base, all flat, hairy on both sides or only beneath; flowers in glomerules of 2 or 3, forming a spiciform inflorescence; perianth hairy, subsequently sometimes glabrescent, infruit with5 uncinately incurved outgrowths; seed ovate or rounded-ovate, naked, 1 —1.75mm long. July —September. (Plate V, Figure 13) Solonchaks, weed-infested places and refuse dumps; scattered or in groups. — European part: Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V., Transv.; Caucasus: Gise.. Dac. Hand 5. Transc.; W.siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Al. (rare); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D., Kara K., Amu D. Gen. distr.: W. Med., Centr. Eur., As. Min., Arm. -Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from a location on the Ural River below Kalmykovskoe settlement. Type in London. Note. A more southerly yellowish-green race, always with erect stem and less hairy, was described as E.caspicus A. Lehm. in Bge., Relig. Lehm. (1851) 279 (= Willemetia caspica A. Lehm. in Bge., l.ce.=Kochia hyssopifolia var.caspia Schrad.). Economic importance. According to I. Larin, the plant is not eaten by any kind of livestock. According to Rollov it may be used as a source of soda. oF 127 2. E.sedoides (Pall.) Mog. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 2, II (1834) 127; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. IH], 753.— Bassia sedoides Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Aethiop. (1867) 187.— Salsola sedoides Pall.It.I (1771) 213.— S. muricata Pall, (nom I.) Ind. Taur. (1796) 100; MB tabl Prov. Casp: (1798) 148.— Suaeda sadifolia Pall. Illust. (1803) 41.— Kochia sedoides Schrad. Neue Journ. III, 3, 4 (1809) 86; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 364. — Willemtia sedoides Mog.in Ann. Sc. Nat.2 sér.I (1834) 210.— Ic.: Pall.,l.c., t.32—34 (sub Suaeda sedifolia).— Exs:: Fl. Hung. exs. no. 541; Fl. Austro-hung.no. 3851. Annual, 10—60 cm high, grayish-hairy, mostly turning black in drying; stem branched, rarely simple, covered with densely tangled crisp hairs; leaves linear, fleshy, semiterete, sessile or scarcely narrowing at base; inflorescences spiciform; flowers mostly 2 or 3 together; perianth segments densely hairy, in fruit with 5 outgrowths, these straight or some- what curved at the tips, varying in length, acute, enlarged at base; seeds naked, smooth, ovate, 2—2.5mm long. August—October. (Plate V, Figure 11). Solonchaks, solonetzes, solonetzic steppes, and pastures; scattered. — European part: M. Dnp., Bl., Crim., V.-Don, L. Don, L. V., Transv.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E.and S. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt. (W.); Centr. : Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (Hungary), Bal.-As. Min. (Bulgaria), Dzu.-Kash., Mong. (W.). Described from the vicinity _ of Kuibyshev. Type in London. : Economic importance. It has been reported for Kazakhstan (I. Larin) that in the semidesert region this plant is readily eaten by camels, sheep, and goats. According to Rollov, it may be used for extraction of soda. Old specimens from the Lower Volga region were found to have a mineral content of 9.6% on an air-dry basis; of this 60.75% water soluble salts, containing 7.7343 g K,SO4, 3.4129 KCl, 12.0331 NaCl, 30.8419 Wer One free sodium bicarbonate 2.3416 (Goebel). 3. E.divaricatum Kar. et Kir.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 736; Fenzl in Lidb. Fl. Ross. fll, 752.— BE. dasyphyllum Moq,in DC) Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 136.— E. molle Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 754. — Bassia divaricata O.Kze. Rev. gen. (1891) 546; Minkw. Chenop. (1913) 344.—-B. divaricata var.mollis Minkw. ex Ijin in Bull. Jard. Bot. Ac. Se. d. l'URSS, XXX, 3—4 (1932) 364.— Kochia dasyphylla Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. pl.I (1841) 12.— K. divaricata Bge. Enum. salsol. Mong. (1879) 355.— K. mollis Fisch. et Mey.,1.c.,p.12.— Chenolea divaricata Hook. f.in Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. V (1890) 10 | Annual, 8—50 cm high, strongly divaricately branched from base, greenish | or white-tomentose; stem and branches covered with rather long spreading hairs; leaves semiterete or terete, obtusish, narrowing toward base, hairy; inflorescence widely spreading, its terminal branchlets very slender; flowers mostly solitary; perianth segments hairy, bearing in fruit subulate stellately expanded wide-based outgrowths, 0.5—2.5mm long; seeds naked, smooth, almost round. August—September. (Plate V, Figure 7). Sands, sandy steppes, stony slopes, pebbly riverbeds, and cultivated fields. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., Pam.-Al. (Pamir, Aksu, Karasu). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from the shores of Lake Zaisan. Type in Leningrad. 98 4. E. hirsutum (L.) Mog. in Ann. Sc. nat.2 sér., II (1834) 127; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 754.— Bassia hirsuta Asch. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aetiop. (1867) 187; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 921; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 184.— Chenopodim hirsutum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 221.—Salsola hae sut ai. Sp. pl.ed. 2: (1762),.323:— Smaeda albida»Pall, llustr. (1803) 53.— Schoberia pallasiana C.A.M.in Lab. Fl. Alt.I (1829) 402.— Kochia hirsuta Nolte, Novit. Fl. Holsat. (1826) 24; Shmal'g., Fl.II,365.— Villemetia hirsuta Mogq.,l.c., 1(1834)210.—Ic.: Pall., l.c.,t.45(sub Suaeda albida); Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV (1930) fig. 266. — Exs.: Rchb. Fl. Germ. no. 1266. Annual, 10—40 cm high, branched from base; stem covered with spreading hairs, finally glabrate inlower part; leaves fleshy, semiterete, linear, sessile; inflorescence slender, helicoidinfruit; flowers solitary or inpairs; perianth hairy, segmented, infruit withmostly 3 short dorsal outgrowths; seeds ovate, naked, smooth, 1.5—2 mm long. April—September. (Plate V, Figure 5). Solonchaks, mostly coastal solonchaks. A rare plant, scattered or in small groups. — European part: Bl., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt. (Chuya, etc.); Centr. Asia: Ar.- Casp. (Emba). Gen. distr.: Scand. (Oland), Atl. Eur., Med., Bal. (Bulgaria and Rumania), Mong. Described from Montpellier. Type in London. Economic importance. The plant is used in Cyprus for soda extraction. Genus 412. KOCHIA * ROTH Roth in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1, 1800 (1801) 307. Flowers ebracteolate, mostly perfect, 5-merous, with incurved perianth lobes; fruiting perianth with winglike outgrowths; stamens mostly 5; stigmas 2 or 3; seeds horizontal, mostly ovate, naked, smooth, with annular embryo and central endosperm. Annuals or undershrubs with alternate entire leaves. mene ShIreiloseies 4, ¢. 2. Lat seRaee hs Cals Las 1. K. prostrata (L.) Schrad. + Paranal lea Se Nl deved. sey The pA Nett AB I ER RAK OL I oh aD US ok ASE RS oleae 2D . Pemcaves linear-ftiliform,semiterete,,obtusishi? 209 eit eke Hea. 3. =F Leaves oval to linear, clearly flat, acute or acuminate, more rarely COWES Cs! Ch Aarts a Oa Reng eae nae ty OES Recon eaneasLrn | ane SSMS ole eee ete Bis 3. Perianth mostly 3-winged; wings oblong, reddish, with blackish- purple confluent nerves; a glaucescent plant, turning dark ........ pr aphupeend 4 Sarre uivere Pyne tail un Cote ery Rom Malate tee ean hs 6. K.melanoptera Bge. + JES iguea) cinta pe tialalctelele via Mem Sees en engi eee ne en ne ae ad 4. 4. Plants divaricately, heavily and densely branched; wings oblong, entire, obtuse, very slightly dilated toward base, all equal, in regular Stellateyarnangementys) 2/422. co) Seas 20 PS 5. K. krylovii Litw. a Plant scarcely branched or with strongly developed mostly lower ascending branches, rather sparsely hairy; wings varying in shape from oblong to ovate, rhombic, etc., very slightly narrowed at base, theymaroam- mostly wnequally serenatel 6:2) ete eee AS oe ee ee tek ee owatonna | Shh. halal 2. K. laniflora (S. G. Gmel.) Borb. 5. Leaves uniformly hairy on all sides, gray or grayish-green; perianth ecvered throushoutawithisubappressedthairsy. hives sen 5a ls 6. * Dedicated to the German botanist Wilhelm Koch (1771—1849). 99 ar Leaves mostly green, glabrous or nearly so, the margin, especially that of bracteal leaves, long-ciliate; perianth glabrous, with bristle- like\hairns usually confined) tothe marpint: \..-9-ica..ce-)-hy =e eee Ta 6. Fruiting wings broad, subrotund to oval, scarious, the nerves uni- formly developed. Solonchak soils ...-.- 1.2... ee ees eee eee eee TEOMA 3. K.iranica (Bornm.et Hausskn.) Litw. se Fruiting wings narrow, oblong to sublinear, distant, often deeply and unequally sinuate-erose, the midnerve often strongly produced into a bristle. Sands ses ise. 2s stat 4. K.schrenkiana (Moq.) Ijin. 7. Flowers in the leaf axils surrounded by tufts of long hairs ....... arc eds axer kan tin: pris ream iee Canes ky) 8. K. sieversiana (Pall.) C.A.M. + Flowers without such tufts of hairs.... 7. K. scoparia (L.) Schrad. Section 1. PTEROCARPUS Beck. in Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV (1908) 151.— The dorsal appendages of perianth lobes distinctly winglike. 1. K. prostrata (L.) Schrad. Neues Journ. III (1809) 85; Turcz., Fl. baic.- dah. II, 34; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 747; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 363; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,175; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 915.— Salsola prostrata L. Sp. pl. (1753) 222.— Kochia suffruticulosa Lessing in Linnaea IX (1834) 202. — Ie.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t. 267, fig. 1—6; Hegi Il. Fl. Mitt Eur. III (1909) t. 249; Pall. Illustr. (1803) t.X (sub Salsola).— Exs.: Fl. Hung. exs. no. 543; Fl. Austro-Hung. no. 3850; Sintenis iter transcasp.-pers. no. 1025, 855, 1115. — Russian names: izen', prutnyak. Undershrub, 10—75cm high; branches ascending, covered with short crisp hairs and sometimes also with long woolly ones; leaves linear to filiform, flat, hairy; inflorescence spiciform or paniculate; glomerules remote, mostly ingroups of 3orrarely4; perianth hairy, dorsal appendages of fruiting perianth either red, rounded, flat and tuberclelike, or oblong, winglike, narrowing toward base, scarious, rounded-toothed on the margin, with darker nerves; seed rounded-oval to subrotund, ca.2mm in diameter, with a prominent annular embryo, convex at center on both sides, brown, naked and smooth. July—September. Solonetzes, solonetzic steppes, stony slopes, chalk, sandy steppes, and sandy plains. Common on sands, but scattered over large areas. — European part: U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.,S.and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; BE. Siberia; Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Mtn. Turkm., Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Him., Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Tib., Manchuria. Described from N. Asia. Type in London. Economic importance. The plant is used for fuel by nomads in semi- desert and desert regions. Horses and camels show a great liking for it. Kazaks esteem it as fattening feed for sheep, goats, and camels, but the plant is of little value for milk production. Analyses (I. Larin) of fruiting plants from West Kazakhstan showed the following percentage composition: 1) hygroscopic water 8.54, ash 13.83—12.61 [?], cellulose 29.24 —31.97, crude protein 8.83—9.65, albumin 4.41 —4.72, crude fat 2.05—2.24, nitrogen-free extract 38.71—42.33, soluble carbohydrates before inversion 2.43—2.66, after 129 100 31 inversion 3.07—3.36, starch equivalent 28.12—30.63; 2) hygroscopic water 5.63, ash 26.83—28.43, cellulose 14.25—15.10, crude protein 9.31—9.87, albumin 7.26—7.50, crude fat 1.85 —1.96, nitrogen-free extract 42.13—44.64, starch equivalent 30.45—32.17. June specimens from the Talas-Susamyr District of the Kirghiz ASSR (Abolin and Sovetkina) had the following percentage composition: hygroscopic water 7.08, ash 19.63, cellulose 21.87, erude protein 9.07, crude fat 1.95, nitrogen-free extract 40.40. A more detailed analysis (Aleksandrovskii and Begichev) of flowering plants from the Lower Volga region yielded in percentages: water 21.16, ash 10.03, crude protein 7.73, albumin 7.06, crude fat 2.41, crude cellulose 27.76, nitrogen-free extract 30.91; the coefficients of digestibility were 41.22, 46.74, 43.31,37.70, and 37.72, for crude protein, albumin, crude fat, crude cellulose and nitrogen-free extract, respectively. These coefficients computed as percentage of fresh weight were 2.51, 1.04, 10.46, and 11.66, for albumin, crude fat, crude cellulose, and nitrogen-free extract, respectively; on this basis the protein ratio was 9.7 and starch equivalent 10.37. It should be taken into account in this connection that, at pro capita daily rate, in this case 1,000 g per head of livestock, consumption averaged 350 g, while the uneaten fraction contained, beside coarse parts, also green matter indistin- guishable from that of the consumed fraction. This would account for the authors' assessment of Kochia prostrata Schrad. as poor forage, little superior in value to winter rye straw. Contradictory estimates of the feed value of this plant are to be accounted for, above all, by the marked polymorphism of the species which includes various geographic races and ecotypes, the selective approach by different kinds of livestock, and, within the same kind, varying degree of habituation to this forage of animals from different regions. More thorough studies of this problem are needed. According to Rollov, the plant may be used for extraction of soda. The ash content of old plants from the Lower Volga region was found to be 11.7%, of this water-soluble salts amounting to 13.5% withthe following composition: K,SO, 4.1154 g, KCl 2.1863, NaCl 2.0413, Na,CO, 1.3525, free sodium bicar- bonate 0.6894 (Goebel). Note. An exceptionally polymorphic species, in need of detailed critical treatment. Various geographic races can be distinguished throughout the distribution area of this species; they are often associated with character- istic soil properties. Particularly distinctive is var.villosissima Bong. et Mey. Verz. gesamm. Pflanz. (1841) 67 (= var.lanuginosa Bge.),a white-villous race associated with sands and sandy habitats of the semi- desert zone. Diametrically different is var.virescens Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1851) 748, mainly associated with solonetzic habitats, with almost glabrous leaves. A mountain race, also to be found on sandy loam soils, var.canescens Mogq.,has dense appressed pubescence. K. tianscha- nica Pavl.in herb., which occurs in Tien Shan and the Pamir-Alai Mountains, is also one of the races of this highly diversified cycle. 2. K. laniflora (S.G.Gmel.) Borb. Balaton fl. (1900) 340.—K. arenaria Roth in Schrad. Journ. II (1800) 1; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 749; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. II, 34; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 364; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 916, Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,176.— Chenopodium arenarium Gartn., Mey et Schreb. Fl. Wett.1I (1791) 365.— Salsola dasyantha Pall. Illustr. (1803) 19.— S. arenaria Maerkl. Schrift. B.G. Regensb.I (1792) 332.—S.tenuifolia 101 132 M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.I (18(8) 188.— Willemetia arenaria Maerkl. | in Schrad. Journal. II, 2 (1801) 330.— Kochia dasyantha Schrad. Neu. 4 Journ. III 3,4 (1809) 86.— K. tenuiflora M.B.FI.taur.-cauc.I (1808) 188.— Salsola laniflora S.G.Gmel. Reise durch Russl.I (1774) 160. — Iec.: Pall, l.¢.,t: 113 Rehb: le. Fl. Germ. XXIV;t.277,cig.1—T> Fly Yugo- Vest: IV (1930) 177, fig. 267. — Exs.: Fl. Hung. exs. no. 542; Herb. norm. Dorfl. no. 5163; HFR no. 183. Annual, 5—80cm high, mostly branched; stem yellowish-green or reddish, covered with short crisp hairs, subsequently glabrescent; leaves linear- filiform to filiform, thickish, hairy, subtending reduced leafy branchlets; inflorescence interrupted-spiciform, long; flowers in glomerules of 1—3; perianth covered with long silky hairs, bearing in fruit winglike unequally toothed appendages; seeds ovate to subrotund, 1.5—2 mm long, with prominent embryo. May—September. (Plate V, Figure 15). Sands, sandy steppes, sandy riverbanks, sandy pine woods,and embankments. - European part: V.-Kama, U.Dnp., M.Dnp., V.Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E.Transc.; W. Siberia: U.Tob., Irt:, Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (Rumania), Med., Bal.-As. Min. (Serbia, Bulgaria), Mong. (W.). Described from the vicinity of Cherkassy (sub Salsola laniflora). Economic importance. The seeds contain saponin. The plant may be used, according to Rollov, for soda extraction, but exploitation is hardly worthwhile because of the minute amounts of plant material involved. 3. K. iranica (Hausskn. et Bornm.) Litw. in exsicc. turk. no. 297, 405 ex Bornm. in Bull. d.1'Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. VIII (1908) 546.— Salsola iranica Hausskn. et Bornm. in Bornm. exs. Pers. austro-cr.no. 5072, 5074, 5074b. — Bassia iranica Bornm. in Fedde, Repert, sp. nov. XVII (1921) 276. — K. odontoptera Schrenk var. y in Bull. Acad. Sc. Petersb.I (1843) 361. — K. odontoptera y curta Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 132; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1851) 749. — Exs.: Sintenis Iter transcasp. pers. no. 528. LSATes Toitwey hse: Annual, 5—50 cm high, divaricately branched from base; branches elon- gated, ascending, the lower cnes approximate; stem and branches covered with crisp hairs; leaves short, linear to oblong-linear, sessile, flat, woolly; inflorescence paniculate, with divaricate or pendulous branches; flowers in glomerules of 3; perianth heavily woolly, winged infruit above the middle; wings well developed, scarious, broadly obovate to suboblong-oval, narrowed at base, with unequally toothed margin, the longitudinal veins all equally developed; seeds rotund or round-ovate, 1—1.25 mm long, compressed, oliva- ceous, naked and smooth. June—August. (Plate V, Figure 12). Stoney and clayey solonetzic slopes, takyrs, solonchaks, especially in sandy areas; mostly solitary. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Aralykh); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., Syr D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran., Dzu.-Kash. Described by Schrenk from the Chu River area. Type in Leningrad. Note. Shugnan plants differ somewhat from the typical in the more spreading indument on the upper part of the stem and the more elegant aspect (subsp. pamirica Iljin). 102 133 4, K. schrenkiana (Mogq.) Iljin comb. nov.— K. odontoptera B schren- kiana Mog.in DC. Prodr. XII, 2 (1849) 132; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 749.—K. stellaris auct. Fl.turk., non Moq. Annual, 10—60 cm high, branched from base, the stem and branches covered with short crisp hairs; leaves linear to linear-oblong, short, woolly, flat, the bracteal shorter; inflorescence paniculate, with divaricate branches; flowers mostly 3 in the glomerule, the densely woolly perianth 5-winged in fruit above the middle; wings linear to oblong, the scarious margin mostly strongly incised-toothed; thebroad thick midnerve of perianth lobes produced into a long tip; seeds ovate to rounded-ovate, 0.8—1.2 mm long, flattish, olivaceous, naked and smooth. May—June. (Plate V, Figure 8). Sandhills, sandy Haloxylonstums, and sandy places. — Centr. Asia: Ar.- Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D., Kara K. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the sands of Central Asia. Type apparently not to be found inherbaria. 5. K.krylovii Litw. in Kryl., Fl. Alt. V (1909) 1121; Anim. syst. ex Herb. Univ. Tomsk. no. 2 (1929); Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV (1930) 917. — Exs.: HFR no. 3084. Annual, 5—25 cm high, divaricately bushy-branched from base, the stem and branches villous with long horizontally spreading hairs; leaves linear to filiform-linear, semiterete, obtuse, narrowed toward base; flowers mostly paired in the leaf axils almost from the base of the stem; fruiting perianth 5-winged; wings stellately expanded in one plane, oblong-ovate to ovate- lanceolate, entire, mostly reddish, usually rounded at summit. June. (Plate V, Figure 16). Taluses, gravelly slopes, pebbles, sand-and-pebble deposits and river valley sands. — W. Siberia: Alt. Gen.distr.: Mong. Described from the Chuya Steppe in Altai. Type in Tomsk; cotype in Leningrad. 6. K. melanoptera Bge. Enum. Salsol. Centralasiat.in A.H. P. VI, 2 (1880) 417. Annual, 5—25 cm high, glaucescent, mostly blackening in drying, branched from base, the stem and branches covered with rather short subpatulous or somewhat tangled hairs; leaves linear to filiform-linear, semiterete, very slightly narrowed toward base, hairy or subsequently glabrescent; flowers mostly paired, in the axils of nearly all leaves, with hairy or glabrate perianth, 3-winged in fruit; wings lanceolate to oblong, mostly narrowed at summit, entire, withvery prominent nerves or mostly almost black; two of the perianth segments entirely wingless or with rudimentary tuberclelike upturned outgrowths or very rarely all 5 wings developed and then 2 of them smaller. June—August. (Plate V, Figure 17). Gravelly deserts; clayey solonetzic places, dry sandy riverbeds, resting places for cattle, and cultivated fields.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Tib. Described from Kutemaldy near Lake Issyk-kul!'. Type in Leningrad. Section 2. SEMIBASSIA Beck. in Rchb.Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV (1908) 154. — Perianth lobes glabrous or nearly so, except for the long-ciliate margin, transversely keeled, tubercled or winged at the middle of the keel. 103 134 7. K. scoparia (L.) Schrad. in Neues Journ. III, 3, 4 (1809) 85; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 746; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. II, 32; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 364; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.1V,178.— Chenopodium scoparium L. Sp. pl. (1753) 221.— Salsola scoparia M.B.in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. I (1811) 144. — Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV, t.278.— Exs.: Sintenis iter transcasp. pers. no. 2185. Annual, 30—150 cm high, green or reddening toward fall, strongly branched; stem and branches upright, covered in upper part with thin crisp hairs; leaves alternate, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, flat, acute, narrowed at base into a petiole, mostly 3-nerved, glabrous or with short appressed hairs sometimes confined to the underside, the margin long-ciliate; inflorescence remotely spiciform; flowers mostly 1 or 2 (up to 5) in the axils of bracts; fruiting perianth of perfect flowers mostly transversely keeled, tubercled or sometimes winged at the middle of the keel; female flowers mostly without a keel; seeds mostly ovate, 1.5—2mm long. July—October. (Plate V, Figure 9). Ornamental and vegetable gardens, refuse dumps. Growing singly or in groups. — Europeanpart: U.Dnp., M.Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc.,S.and E.Transc.; W.Siberia: U.Tob.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss.; Centr.Asia: throughout. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal. - As.Min., Iran., Ind.-Him., Jap.-Ch. Described from Greece and from Japan. Type in London. Economic importance.’ Cultivated for broom-making and for bedding out as a special garden form (f.trichophila Schinz et Thell. Verz. Sam. Bot. Garten Zurich (1909) 10 = K.trichophila Hort.) with narrow sub- filiform upper leaves which impart to the plant the appearance of a compact oblong or obovoid shrublet. The seeds contain saponin. 8. K. sieversiana (Pall.) C.A.M.in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 415.— Suaeda sieversiana Pall. Illustr. (1803) 45.— Salsola soongorica Sievers in herb. ex Pall.,l.c.— Kochia densiflora Turcz.in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 181.— K. scoparia B subvillosa Mog. Chenop. (1840) 91.— K. scoparia var.densiflora Mogq.in DC. Prodr. XII, 2 (1849) 131; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 918; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. II, 33.— K. scoparia var. soongorica Mogq.,l.c.—(?) K. scoparia var.sieversiana Graebn. in Asch. et Graebn. Syn. V (1913) 163.— Ic.: Pall. Illustr. t. 38. Annual, 10—100 cm high, erect, mostly branched from base, the stem and branches yellowish-green or reddish, densely covered especially near summit with crisp hairs, in lower part subsequently glabrescent; lower branches often ascending from decumbent base; lower leaves often oblong- obovate or oblanceolate, obtusish, narrowed to a petiole, the others oblong or lanceolate to linear, very slightly narrowing at base, acuminate, all entire, flat, hairy or glabrate except for the sometimes iong-ciliate margin; inflorescences compact, spiciform, cylindric or more often oblong-claviform; flowers in glomerules, mostly paired, enveloped in tufts of long white conspicuous hairs imparting a tomentose-woolly appearance to the whole inflorescence; fruiting perianth 5-winged; wings short, thickish, rotund to oblong-rotund, crenate, distinctly reticulate. July—August. (Plate V, Figure 6). Sands, sandy riverbanks, pebbles, gravelly slopes, resting places for cattle, refuse dumps. — W. Siberia: Alt., E. Siberia: Dau.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.- Tarb. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from Chinese Dzungaria. Type in London. 104 135 136 Tribe 7. CORISPERMEAE Mog. Chenop. (1840) 101.— Annual plants with branched hairs, rarely glabrous; bracteoles wanting; perianth scarious, not changing in fruit, the segments distinct or more rarely united below; stamens 1—5; fruit strongly exserted from the perianth, flattened; seeds vertical; embryo annular. Genus 413. CORISPERMUM*L. L.Gen.pl.ed.5 (1754) 5. Flowers perfect; perianth small, scarious, white, of 1—5 segments, or perianth wanting, perianth segments mostly toothed or incised-dissected, unequal, the posterior larger and persistent, the 2 anterior ones very small; stamens 1—5, mostly 1—3; anthers ovaloid to subglobular, unappendaged; stigmas 2, on an obsolescent style; fruits strongly flattened, rotund to oblong-oval, mostly convex on the front, concave or flat on the back, the margin often winged. Plants with alternate narrow simple leaves. The genus contains about 50 to 60 species. Pina Ley on both sides or only on the anterior Sideliy tra)... he ae Erna elses tists cr senare erm e te AL TRUS AILS. EOUAE, Coes te. A RB os 6. 2. Fruit and more particularly its fleshy wings transversely pustulose- Peel eet mune 8-7 Rey gcc rue: oe age )upr ce: ENDS hk ESR A PR 34. C.ulopterum Fenzl. ae MiiialnjA ys: SIMOOth MMEVety PILCATES . VN Ly BOA OER, Gy eRe 3. 3. Lower and middle leaves rather gradually acuminate. Siberia...... MRE FA Mek a sel hor seg Weigh ol gore) Yu uila SMe) as dq Aah ta Maan 8 16. C. redowskii Fisch. =e Lower and middle leaves rounded at apex and minutely mucronulate. (COIMNCEIE GACH Ga Ahad Hari ler eta ar tte rin RiN An reah oll mn nm ance lk An aa Pn Hie Pier an Mat saree rate cram a 4, 4. Fruit wingless, with a strongly convex outer and flat inner face ..... POS ah mc ins es eid Cae an, ee “oem, SUNS RUN Sac A Pe ake deat 20. /€. pilirerumAljin:. + JE TEV NTO ELEN ee co OS A fy he yA ei ed ra tne ero aa iow Pilicn dees ce ue 5D. 5. Body of fruit convex, the semipellucid wings woolly; inflorescence SOONER TO UIA TIER E sw Po BAN ata leo fe Shay ta PE fav Ns ho) I Ye 30. C. gelidum Iljin. + Body of fruit flattened, the opaque wings flat or nearly so; inflores- cence rather loose. Kara-Kum sands and sands in the Lake Balkhash RIG CCD Mater eRe 5h. LOU MAS SAS PRISONS DIAS PME ESS, ERE eee 29. C.korovini Ijin. 6. Perianth none or reduced to a very narrow strongly dissected posterior segment, in upper flowers always wanting or the posterior segment replaced by 2 rudimentary strongly dissected lobules... 7. Te Perianth present in all flowers, at least in the form of a well developed, POSteGlorsSeenient! joes tek eee seals oe poe) eee) 2) 7. Beak divisions of the fruit divergent and somewhat arched-recurved. UO ovina er ped te eget iam ite co MM ae Mae IE ve 8s a SS UE rng BG Reeder ait sake 8. + Beak divisions of fruit straight, not recurved. Europe (see, however, (ol SOLITON ELSE. CB il | ne aR ie ere pe ORS MORE erm ane ARAN en eats MS A 9. 8. Wings reduced to a narrow transparent rim... 4. C.squarrosum L. at Wings well developed, one-sixth to one-third as broad as the kernel Peet eee ree ee, Wee eM dace tee Eg eae av NEALE 5. C.crassifolium Turcz. 9. A small plant of the mountain rivers of Siberia; fruit broad-winged, LmMmMNCater at SUTMNOe yrs. te eT hes Out) aga Tray me Me es 6. C.komarovii Iljin. a8 Bucopean plants imostily Langer ki): Sera A eee eee te hg) * From the Greek words coris,bedbug,and sperma, seed. 105 TOR yah: Wey 14. 22. Fruit broad-winged, conspicuously notched at summit; wings one- thingd, toreome-half as broad) asptheskernel) erenale ors. yrs saws aeons eee vigil ie iparelne Shae et Ba nara treater aa e hay se Ree und ce SP Tty lke ae RE 1. C.marschallii Stev. Fruit with wing merely one-eighth to one-fourth as broad as the kernel: apical noteh none or ObSOLESCEMt, 7. Raueuep eeu cnt nh een 11. Perianth wanting or in few flowers represented by a rudimentary segment; fruit wings subentire. Basins of rivers opening into the WikhdbeySea, 22> ec) ae tinh cars wetiagltp a aisle”) 'eniek of seek Ree 2. C.algidum Ijin. Perianth formed by 2 strongly incised posterior segments; fruit Wines) Crenulate.. Wie Seren MUI GA RIC oy o 0. i cial. 3. C.canescens Kit. IBC ULE WTO NESS. ye Danica gta ieee rans) oe ce Wi sue lho oa a a 13. Fruit winged, the wing represented at least by a narrow rim (see, however, C. declinatum, C. ehinganicum, and C. aralo- cies OGM Ag Bs a.) RARER RON - Dyess 0 EL IES Miran ame ata Peat uNATRRIIAS Ts BEN SSH Lan Small plants of the Pamir, densely hairy throughout; the margins of the somewhat purplish fruit abruptly subacutely tapering ......... sien oP hee eae Bei: naan RO Ming clea o> Win Dee Recta Rae ad 24. C.pamiricum Iljin. Plants almost glabrous or hairy only in inflorescence; margins of fFULE NOt TApErINe Hob AsV ne. 10: A small annual, 3—20cm high, glaucous, glabrous, mostly branched; leaves fleshy, succulent, with subglobose and thickly rounded blade, sessile, clasping as decurrent sheath; inflorescences spiciform, sessile; bracts broadly semiterete, their free margin strongly decurrent; flowers mostly in 3's in the axils of fleshy bracteal scales; perianth flat at the top, scutellate with an opening at the middle, narrowing below and adnate to the axis of the spikelet; stamen mostly 1, exserted together with the stigmas; seeds small, ovate or oval, 0.6—1mm in diameter, densely papillose, scarcely capitately thickened at the top. July— September. (Plate VIII, Figure 2a—d). Seacoasts, salinas, and takyrs. A rare plant, solitary or in groups. — European part: (?) L.V.; Caucasus: Cisc. (Kuma); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D., Amu D. (Novaya Bukhara [Kagan]), Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz). Endemic. Described from the shores of the Caspian Sea near the Kuma River. Type in London. Genus 418. HALOSTACHYS ** C. A.M. C. A.M. in Bull. phys.-math. d.1' Acad. d. St. Petersb.I (1843) 361. Flowers perfect, 3-merous, ebracteolate; perianth segments united; stamen 1, anterior; pistil with notched stigmas. Shrubs with jointed almost leafless stems and opposite scalelike leaves and branches. A monotypic genus. H. caspica (Pall.) C. A. M. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1838) 361; Shmal'g., Fl. Il, 377; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,191; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 930. — Salicornia caspica Pall. It.1 (1771) 431; Ilustr. (1803) 12 (exclus. * From the Greek words hals, salt,and peplis, name of a plant of the family Lythraceae. *« From the Greekwords hals, salt,and stachys, spike. 130 icon.). -Halocnemum caspicum M.B. FI. taur.-cauce. III (1819) 3; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2,772. Halimocnemum caspium Goeb. Reise in d. Stepp. d. stidl. Russ. II (1838) 126.— Arthrocnemum caspicum Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 150.—Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, fis. 273. — Exs.: HER no.527; H.F.A.M.no.111. Shrub or small tree to 350cm high; stem much branched, almost leafless; annotinous shoots glaucous, succulent, terete, jointed, glabrous and mostly muricate or more rarely almost smooth; leaves scalelike, slantingly triangular at apex and mostly acute, each forming a somewhat divergent band around the stem by fusion with the scale opposite; inflorescences spiciform, opposite, borne on jointed peduncles; flowers in 3's subtended by short scutellate scalelike bracts; perianth fleshy, 3-lobed only at summit, inflated and distinctly 3-angled in fruit, persistent; seeds small, naked, ovate to oblong-ovate, ca. 0.75 mm long. July — September. (Plate VIII, Figure 3 a—d). Wet, preferably puffy solonchaks, mostly in river valleys and on seacoasts; scattered or in groups, often covering considerable areas. — European part: L.V. (rare); Caucasus: Dag., S. and E. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D., Amu D., Kara K., Pam.-Al. (along the Panj River, etc.). Gen. distr.: Iran., Mong., Dzu.-Kash. Described from the vicinity of Gur'ev. Type in London. Note. Mayer, in Hohenacker's publication, reported this genus at first under the specific name H.caspica C.A.M. (1931) and only in 1843 gave the description of this genus; this accounts for the earlier dating of the generic citation as compared with that given for the species. Economic importance. The plant is used for fuel. According to I. Larin, it provides fodder of inferior quality and is only eaten in winter by camels, sheep, and goats. It is used for potash extraction. Analysis of air-dry young plants from the vicinity of Gur'ev gave the following percentage composition: ash 22.9, of which 70.25 water-soluble salts, including K,SO,4 5.6121, NaCl 22.6889, Na,CO, 36.7953, free sodium bicarbonate 2.5061 (Goebel). Abolin and Sovetkina reported the following percentage composition for September plants from the Talas-Susamyr District of the Kirghiz ASSR: hygroscopic water 6.30, ash 36.54, cellulose 12.50, crude protein 14.19, crude fat 3.47, nitrogen-free extract 27.03. According to M. Kotov, the plant contains toxic substances and its action upon incorporation of green soap compares favorably with that of anabasin. An ornamental plant. Genus 419. HALOCNEMUM* M. B. M.B.FIl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 3. Flowers perfect; perianth claviform, 3-lobed; stamen 1, anterior; pistil vertical, with 2 subulate stigmas; bracteoles none; the flowers mostly in 3's, rarely in pairs, subtended by a scalelike bract, somewhat immersed in the axis of the inflorescence. Subshrubs or shrubs with obsolete leaves and succulent annotinous shoots. A monotypic genus. * From Greek hals, salt,and cnemis, sheath. 131 171 1. H. strobilaceum (Pall.) M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 3; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 2,773; Shmal'g., Fl. Il, 377; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 188; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 931.— Salicornia strobilacea Pall. It.1 (1771) 412, 431. — Halopeplis strobilacea Cesati, Pass. et Gib. Comp. Fl. It. (1874) 271.—Ic.: Pall. Ilustr. (1803) t.4; Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, fig.274; Acta Univ. As. Med. Ser. VIII-b, 21, fig.13; Korovin, Rast. Sr. AZ. tio; Journ. Botde IMWSShaa ! 25: Undershrub or small shrub, forming rounded clumps or mounts in salinas and on takyrs; branches thick, prostrate, ramified, and mostly abbreviated; annotinous shoots terete, succulent, jointed, with short cylindric to subclavate joints and opposite sterile globular buds, these remaining long undeveloped or giving rise to abbreviated opposite flowering branchlets; leaves reduced to opposite obtusely angled subscutellate scales; perianth segments united only in lower part, oblong, whitish, connivent at summit, one of them flattish, the two lateral ones gibbous on the back; seeds vertical, oval or ovate, 0.5 —0.75 mm long, flattened, the margin pustulose. August—October. (Plate VIII, Figure 4a—d). Salinas, takyrs, puffy solonchaks, and seacoasts; occurring in large numbers, usually forming dense thickets over considerable areas. — European part: Bl., Crim., L. Don (S. part), L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., S. and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (S. part), Irt. (S. part): Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D., Amu D., Kara K. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arabia, Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash. Described from the northern Caspian area. Type in London. Economic importance. According to I. Larin, the plant is of little forage value; it is eaten chiefly by camels, only in late fall. Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko maintain that it provides fattening feed for these animals. According to Rollov, the plant is sometimes eaten by sheep during a severe winter. Plants fromWest Kazakhstan analyzed toward the end of the flowering period (1 August) show the following percentage composition: hygroscopic water 6.59, ash 28.87— 30.91, cellulose 12.40—13.27, crude protein 14.88—15.93, crude fat 3.76—4.03, nitrogen-free extract 33.50—35.86, starch equivalent 27.08—30.81. The plant is used as a source of potash. Nomadic tribes use it for fuel (I. Larin). It contains substances toxic to plant pests, especially when applied in solution with soft soap (M. Kotov et al.). Recommended for ornament. 172 Genus 420. SALICORNIA* L. L. Gen. pl. ed. 1 (1737) 357; Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 3 (p.p.); Mog. Chenop. enum. (1840) 113. Flowers mostly perfect; perianth entire and undivided, with but a narrow slit at the top; stamens 1 or 2; pistil with 2 stigmas; bracteoles none; flowers mostly in 3's, immersed in the stem tissue, in a succulent spiciform inflorescence; seeds covered with hooked hairs; embryo horseshoe-shaped. Annuals and undershrubs with rudimentary opposite leaves and succulent jointed stems. The genus contains about 30 species. * From the French name of this plant, salicorne or salicor. 132 : | : 1. S. herbacea L. Sp. pl. ed. 2 (1762) 5; Turcz., Fl.baic.-dah. II, 39; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 377; IL'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 191; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 932.—S.europaea herbacea L.Sp.pl. (1753) 3.—S.acetaria Pall. Ilustr. (1803) 7.—S.herbacea @ acetaria Mogq. Chenop. enum. (1840) 114.—S. stricta Willd. in Steud. Nom. ed. I (1821) 714.—S.perennans Willd. Sp. pl. I (1797) 24.—S. prostrata Pall.,l.c.,p.8.—S.herbacea var.pachystachya Koch, Syn. fl. Germ. ed. 2 (1844) 693.—S.herbacea @ leptostachya Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 2 (1851) 767.—Ic.: Pall., 1. ¢.,t. 5 f.1 and 2) t. Il, fig. 1 and t. 11]; Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV (1930) 192, fig. 275; Oroville nast..oF Azil, tic. 63.— Exs.:' Hor. A. M.no. 113. Annual, mostly herbaceous with opposite branches, erect (f.stricta (Willd.) G. F. W. Meyer Hannov. Magaz. (1824) 178), or with long prostrate branches (f. prostrata (Pall.) Mogq.,1.c.), jointed, succulent, glabrous, often turning red; leaves obsolescent, reduced to short sheaths; inflo- rescences spiciform, short-peduncled; flowers in dichasia of 3, the upper one often somewhat larger, the middle one borne slightly above the lateral ones, the three together forming a triangular cluster; perianth with obtusely angled margin, rhombic-scutellate, the stamens and stigmas protruding from the apical aperture. June—August. (Plate VIII, Figure 5a—d). Wet solonchaks, salinas, and seacoasts; forming large thickets. — Arctic: Arc. Eur. (Kanin); European part: Dv.-Pech. (Solovetskie Islands, Arkhangel'sk), M. Dnp., V.-Don, Bl., Crim., L. Don, Transv., L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., S.and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob (S. part: Tyumen, the Ishim and Turinsk areas, etc.), U. Tob., Irt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (steppe islands), Dau.; Far East: Uss. (S. part of the coast); Centr. Asia: all regions except mountainous T. Sh., Pam.-Al., and Dzu.-Kash. Gen. distr.: throughout Europe, As. Min., Iran., India, Middle Asia, N. and S. Africa, America. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. This plant is of interest in various respects even though it has not received due attention in the USSR. The plant was probably used in the past and is still in use at present as a source of soda. It contains the enzyme saccharase and a large number of alkaline oxalic salts. Analysis of October plants made in Germany gave the following percentage composition: water 76.58, ash 5.02 and 21.42 for fresh and dry weight, respectively; the mineral composition per hundred parts was 22.97 Na, 9.53 K, 4.85 Mg, 2.99 Ca, 27 Cl, 15.5 SOQ4y, 12 CO, and SiO3. According to another German analysis, the ash contained 74.6% sodium chloride (NaCl), 2.3% magnesium bromide (MgBr,),and traces of magnesium iodide (Mgl,). The plant thus appears to contain some valuable mineral constituents (Wehmer). Analysis of old specimens from the Caspian region showed the ashcontentto be 16.5% of air-dry weight, of this 75.5% soluble salts composed of 4.827 g KySO,, 4.3128 Na,SO,, 51.8170 NaCl, and 6.4739 Na,CO, (Goebel). The salt composition most probably fluctuates greatly in relationto the nature of soil salinity. Analysis of September plants from the Talas-Susamyr District of the Kirghiz ASSR gave the following percentage composition: hygroscopic water 6.24, ash 36.16, cellulose 13.77, crude protein 6.03, crude fat 2.63, nitrogen-free extract 35.17 (Abolin and Sovetkina). Glasswort is of considerable culinary importance in France, where it figures prominently in various sophisticated recipes. According 133 74 to French data, 100 grams of boiled glasswort yield 20.53 effective calories as against only 19.24 for bean herbage. Considering the enormous thickets of this plant on solonchaks of USSR steppes and deserts, we might, with proper utilization, be in possession of a rich source of a new and apparently edible vegetable. According to I. Larin, the plant is of no value as forage, being eaten only by camels in late fall and winter. Rollov reports that glasswort is eaten readily enough by sheep and that it induces fattening in these animals. The plant is sometimes used in popular medicine for its antiscorbutic and diuretic properties. Subfamily 2. SPIROLOBEAE c. A.M. in Lab. F. Alt.1 (1829) 370. — Embryo spirally coiled; endosperm undeveloped. Tribe 9. SUAEDEAE Rchb. Nom. (1841) 165.— Flowers perfect, mostly intermixed with pistillate ones, 5-merous; perianth changing, commonly succulent; bracteoles small, scarious, pellucid; seeds horizontal or vertical, flat on both sides, with spiral embryo. Succulent annuals or shrubs. Genus 421. SUAEDA* FORSK. Forsk. Fl. Aeg.-Arab. (1775) 69, t.18. Flowers perfect, intermixed with a considerable number of pistillate flowers by abortion of stamens, gathered in glomerules of 3 to many in the axils of bracts, laterally subtended by small scarious pellucid bracteoles; perianth of 5 segments, herbaceous, mostly succulent; segments free or united to the middle, often vertically or horizontally winged-appendaged and not infrequently hooded in fruit; stamens 5, with unappendaged anthers; ovary with 2 or 3 stigmas; fruit vertical or horizontal, both orientations often occurring in the same plant; pericarp scarious; heterocarpy common, most species developing two types of seed, those produced in summer and early fall with blackish-brown corky testa, those produced in late fall with thin scarious pale dull testa and prominent embryo. Glabrous and commonly fleshy annuals or undershrubs, with entire and mostly narrow succulent leaves. The genus contains about 100 species. 1. Clusters borne on the petiole at some distance from the leaf axil (Section Sehan sania (C. A. ME) Ijin). cys oe. es ene 2k + Clusters borne directly in the leaf axil ..........+.++++-+-+ee8 6. 2. Glaucous undershrub with small short leaves .. 4. S.microphylla Pall. oS ANNI A OATES is ia sesh wing '9yiee) alo) sede allie pee alan as eo) aoe 3. 3. Leaves filiform, terete; seeds smooth, lustrous ...............--. LAGE ASRS RU A A RNR MELD ARIAL. ec san AEE Oe: 5. S.altissima (L.) Pall. + Leaves linear, flat; seeds with distinctly granular testa......... 4 * From Siwéd mullat, Arabic name of Suaeda baccata, meaning either blackish or salty. 134 175 176 co + ~3 13. 14. All fruits vertical; seeds prominently granular. Central Asia.... 5p Fruits vertical or horizontal; seeds applanately granular. East Siberian nerd Wie sha tee Ne AS tas, iaevtayiray ap’ Ger Phyel yal (euitirs.~, ved Nel te 3. 8. glauca Bge. Leaves on the lower part of the stem longer, the upper ones in the paniculate inflorescence smaller, hence the plant apparently leafy only in its lower half; flowers several ina cluster. Central Asia and Daiecz alaiic banc 5 serena aus f bch. ceed ooh Livy yew ay tenia + 6 2, S. paradoxa Bge. Leaves on all parts of the stem almost equal, hence the plant appearing leafy throughout; flowers solitary or in pairs. Kazakhstan ......... Spremie its REMARAIRS ine hitter gt Laer toga h.. aubes, anh Supa de a aR. behine Wan wens 1. S.linifolia Pall. Seeds blackish-brown or brown, rather strongly flattened, distinctly ie ei) AVES AWS er Seopa een ae) NEAL SP ICM nr ES aeT> intr gee ROMER te er oe Be 7. Seeds black, strongly convex, very glossy, smooth, with or without seulipturing visible under/strong magnification a. a.).niie cere. !. » 1g Shim Sy Or (UNGeraSiue My Sik wimeviar Sir gist «ary wiley Ted cigars ee Yok eM ERstES (re eplel eitiss, @ 8. Manaic (Sections. Heterosperma Ujin) «ss. 0 sa. «4 2} 9. Leaves 15—30mm long; fruiting perianth always inflated (Section 4. Sigs, ago 9 a pill] fia) lesiptinsam ohsance Swed eyienn in, wok dae een 18. S. physophora Pall. Leaves 5—15mm long; perianth unchanged in fruit (Section 2. edumotivey: Perma gin) eo. oo 6, sine, +, an 6. S.dendroides (C. A. M.) Mog. Segments of fruiting perianth banded with transverse winglike RELI EOE AS ree ace eds elas aie) Ge ool da olds ot Iaageh Ne eg Eieetars ep sy & ja Ga\'/anlaiie btw rcBls: 10. Segments of fruiting perianth without winglike outgrowths....... fd. Leaves broad, oval to oblong; perianth fleshy, 2.5—3.5mm in LAME EE ays, Sia, p Ssok oi lap ny 0 Ge MeL bepen tanh Cetin terme (ees. < . 27. §.kossinskyi Ijin. Leaves filiform, semiterete; flowers smaller.............2.2-+.2.-. seerer ia Eek ates. i aber fees tage, Boes Deals aviel 26. S. heterophylla (Kar. et Kir.) Bge. Fruiting perianth with unequal corniculate outgrowths ....... a. Wi. Fruiting perianth unchanged or its segments but slightly and regularly MOcditied Ste Wlabely; GispOSeds = & ce reise adie a cal CR 24. S. corniculata (C. A. M.) Bge. Seed snouscurely TReticulatels sas mwsidie* aise Sis Ske LANG alee tai. Spolmmesicel 14. pecdsaprominently: neticulater 2 aim., = (. «hate eweCi aes Ry eA 9. S. pygmaea (Kar. et Kir.) Iljin. Fruiting perianth strongly baccately inflated, acquiring in fall a rosy FADS a s00 oa aprons) Wher a bee tie UOC RL ete DEI et RAR BE hn wea sete ad 11. S. baccifera Pall. Jen gia vayslal sergterevals iavonn loreumcyglil Gre ee yunA ott cho chad cisco s oho co 4 Go 6 23. Leaves obtuse, often terminating in a caducous bristle ......... 24. Leaves). acutelor acuminate: 2.15%... VAR SADR AS Res, oie eee 26. Fruiting perianth of the middle axillary flower bearing an oblong membranous winglike keel, the lateral flowers sometimes with . winglike transversal outgrowths; leaves oblong-linear. Lake Balkhash DERECA Sa Me alice Racy aha OE a eee ae 13. S. pterantha (Kar. et Kir.) Bge. Membranous winglikerkeel abSenty < .« 0 olny tiem eeeme We 25. Leaves mostly oval or oblong-obovate, flat except for the slightly convex underside, terminating, especially the younger ones, in a prominent frequently caducous bristle; cauline leaves subappressed... te ES SEE Ss Ee Oe oem 15. S.microsperma (C. A. M.) Fenzl. Leaves oblong-linear, convex beneath, more or less concave above, not bristle-tipped and not appressed ... 14. S.transoxana (Bge.) Boiss. Plants mostly bushy-branched from the base; inflorescences rather compact; bracts several times as long as the flower clusters and commonly appressed to the inflorescence; stigmas more than 1mm long. Caucasus, Europe, W. Kazakhstan ........ 10. S. confusa Iljin. Plants mostly erect; inflorescences scattered; bracts equaling or at most 1.5—2 times as long as the clusters, more or less divergent; stigmas mostly not more than 0.5—0.75mm long. E. Kazakhstan ..... BL ohh, RNB hs OE on openone SRR OM 12. S. acuminata (C. A. M.) Mog. 136 Section 1. SCHANGINIA (C. A. M.) Ijin (non Volk.) in Sovietskaja Botanica, 5 (1936) Schanginia C. A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 394, as genus. — Section Salsina Mogq. Enum. (1840) 121 (p.p.); Asch. et Gr. Syn. V (1913) 193 (p. p.). — Section Chenopodina Mogq., 1. c., 124 (p. p.).— Schanginia Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 153 (p. p.); Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 774 (p. p.), as genus . — Suaeda Mogq.,1l.c., 155 (p. p.); Fenzl, l.c.,777 (p. p.), as genus Chenopodina Mog., l.c., 159 (p. p.), as genus.— Helicilla Mog.,1.c.,169, as genus. — Section Eusuaeda Gr. et Godr. Fl. France III (1855) 29 (p. p.); Volkens in Engl. und Prantl, Pflanzenfam. III, la, 80.— Flower clusters borne on the petiole at some distance from the axil; seeds mostly vertical, often intermixed with horizontal, or the latter sometimes predominant. Subsection 1. SPERMACOCCA Iljin. — Seeds distinctly, often prominently granular. 1. S.linifolia Pall. Illustr. (1803) 47; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 942; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 202.—Schanginia linifolia C.A.M.in Ldb. FI. Alt. IV (1833) 395; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 775, non C. A. M. — Chenopodium linifolium Schult. Syst. Veg. VI (1820) 271.—Suaeda inderiensis Volkens in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenfam. III, la (1893) 80. — Schanginia inderiensis Bge. Relig. Lehm. (1851) 460.—Ic.: Pall., Ieret. 40; ChE, Yugo-Vost.;'fis: 280: Annual, 10 —75 cm high, erect, mostly branched, more rarely only in the inflorescence; leaves linear, flat, acute, narrowing toward base, somewhat fleshy, subappressed to the stem; flowers on the middle part of the stem borne on the petioles mostly in pairs, those on the upper part of the stem 1—3 together, disposed in almost leafless racemiform arched-recurved inflorescences, perfect and pistillate; perianth oblong, fleshy; segments hoodlike, connivent, to one-third the length of the perianth, in pistillate flowers almost completely united; fruiting perianth pyriform or obovoid; ovary with 2 or 3 very short stigmas; fruit vertical; seeds of two kinds, the precocious obovate, convex, black, distinctly and finely granular, 1.75—2 mm long and 1.5mm in diameter, the later ones strongly compressed laterally, smooth, olivaceous or brownish-green, 1.75—2.25mm in diameter. June—October. (Plate IX, Figure 2). Solonchaks; in groups. — European part: L.V.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (S.), Irt. (S.), Alt. (SW); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz.K. (?). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from Lake El'ton. Type in London. 178 2. S. paradoxa Bge. in A. H. P. VI (1880) 427.— Belowia paradoxa Bge. Relig. Lehm. (1851) 286. — Exs.: HFR no. 1430. Annual, 50—120cm high, glabrous, glaucous-green, branched; leaves linear, flat, stiffish, acute to obtusish, narrowing toward base, closely approximate on the branches, upright, arranged 1-sidedly in a vertical plane, the floral leaves much reduced, oblong-ovate to ovate; flowers mostly in many -flowered clusters on the flowering branchlets, perfect and pistillate, forming a paniculate inflorescence; perianth subglobular, dorsally 137 179 flattened; segments in perfect flowers united only at base, in the pistillate united to between one-half and two-thirds; fruiting perianth obovoid, with somewhat elongating connivent segments; fruit vertical; seeds rotund to rounded-oval, of two kinds, some strongly convex, 1—1.5mm long, rather indurated, black, sublustrous, coarsely and prominently granular, others strongly flattened, ca.2mm in diameter, tawny, smooth, soft. July — August. "Tugai''; commonly as weed in cotton fields and generally in irrigated fields and on wasteland; solitary or in groups. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (?), Kyz. K. (?), Kara K., Amu D., Syr D. Endemic. Described from a locality between the cities of Bukhara and Samarkand. Type in Paris; cotype in Leningrad. Economic importance. According to I. A. Linchevskii, a good forage plant, especially for camels. 3. S. glauca Bge. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XXV (1879) 362 et Mél. Biol. X, 293.—Schoberia glauca Bge. in Enum. pl. Chin. bor. (1831) 56. — Chenopodina glauca Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 162.—Salsola asparagoides Mig. Prolus. Fl. Jap. (1866—67) 126.—S.altissima Dryander in Mog. Chenop. (1840) 131, non Pall.— Suaeda stauntonii Mog. Chenop. (1840) 131.—Helicilla altissima Mog. in DC. Prodr. XII, 2 (1849) 170. — Exs.: HFR no. 2369 et 2370. Annual, 15—75 cm high, glaucous, stem erect, branched; lower branches mostly arched-recurved; leaves numerous, narrowly linear, 1—5 cm long and 0.75—1.2 mm broad, flattish, slightly convex on the underside, acute or acuminate, borne on small tubercles, closely approximate and secund on the lower branches; inflorescence paniculate; flowers in clusters of 1—3, the uppermost always solitary; clusters short-peduncled, the central flower commonly perfect, the smaller lateral ones commonly pistillate; perianth in most flowers (with horizontal seed) strongly flattened dorsally, often attenuate toward base (especially in maritime specimens), accrescent in fruit, the segments with tubercled stellately spreading keels; perianth of flowers with vertical seed scarcely changed in fruit, ecarinate, without. stellately spreading outgrowths; the second type occasionally predominant; stigmas 2, short, filiform; seeds 2—2.5mm in diameter, of two kinds, some black, strongly convex, almost dull, with brittle minutely granular testa, others tawny, strongly flattened, dull, with scarious testa and prominent embryo. July—August. (Plate IX, Figure 1a—c). Saline meadows, solonchaks, sandy and sand-and-pebble seashores, refuse dumps and weed-infested places. — E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from the vicinity of Peking, near Kangtai. Type in Leningrad. Note. It is noteworthy that flowers with tawny horizontal seeds predominate in most maritime specimens, while black vertical seeds are more common in continental plants. Occasional exceptions do, however, occur. Subsection 2. LEIOSPERMA Iljin, 1. c. — Seeds smooth or obscurely reticulate. 138 4. S.microphylla Pall. Illustr. (1803) 52; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. IIL, 779; Shmal'g., Fl. I], 378; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV,936.—S.biebersteiniana C. Koch in Linnaea XVII (1843) 312 in obs. Chenopodina bieber- steiniana Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 163.— Suaeda vera Fenzl, l.c., 780, non Forsk.—Schoberia microphylla C. A.M. Verzeichn. cauc. (1831) 159. Chenopodium villosum Spreng. Syst. veg. 1 (1825) 924. — Chenopodium crassifolium M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 176. — Ie.: Pall.,1l.c.,t.44. — Exs.: Herb. Fl. cauc. no. 169; HFR no. 1887 (var. multiflora Litw.). Asmall shrub, 30 —75 cm high, muchbranched, with cinereous-glaucescent annotinous shoots covered with very short hairs; leaves glaucous, glabrous, fleshy, mostly 3—10 mm long, terete, almost botuliform, obtuse, abruptly narrowing into a very short petiole, divergent, the floral and ramal somewhat arched-upcurved, the cauline longer and straight; flowers few in a cluster, mostly 2 or 3, rarely up to 20 (var.multiflora Litw. in Sched. ad HFR); perianth subglobular, the oblong-ovate freely connivent segments united only at base; seeds mostly vertical, intermixed with some horizontal and oblique ones, oval or rounded-oval, 0.75—1.25 mm long, strongly convex, black, lustrous, smoothor rather obscurely punctate-reticulate. June — August. Gypsiferous and puffy solonchaks, takyrs, salinas and clayey solonchak plains; usually in large thickets and in groups. — Caucasus: Dag., E. and S. Transe.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz.K., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D.,Syr D. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash. Described from the shores of the Caspian Sea between the Kuma and Terek rivers. Type in London. Economic importance. The plant is of importance as a source of potash; local inhabitants use it for soap production. A forage plant, according to I. A. Linchevskii, apparently for camels. Abolin and Sovetkina report the following percentage composition of plants from the Talas-Susamyr District of the Kirghiz ASSR for the beginning of September and the end of November, respectively: hygroscopic water 4.36 and 6.86, ash 37.57 and 46.00, cellulose 15.24 and 7.84, crude protein 5.53 and 6.34, crude fat 2.86 and 0.76, nitrogen-free extract 34.44 and 32.20. The plant is of interest for ornamental use. 5. S. altissima (L.) Pall. Illustr. (1803) 49; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 378; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 201; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 781; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 936. — Chenopodium altissimum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 221. — Salsola altissima L. Sp. pl.ed.2 (1762) 324.— Chenopodium filiforme Moench, Meth. (1794) 330.—C.filifolium Fenzl in Ldb. l.e.—Cochliospermum altissimum Lag. Mém. pl. Barill. (1817) 57.—Schoberia altissima C.A.M.in Ldb. Fl. Alt. 1 (1829) 402. — Dcuare lo yin wG! ACN: Tic. 5. le jo sp erima, C.AS Meplic:— Cheno> podina leiosperma Moq. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 162. — C.altissima Mogq.,l.c.—Schanginia altissima C.A.M. Verzeichn. eauc. (1831) 150.—Suaeda lejosperma Mog. Ann. Sc. nat.1 sér., XXIII (1831) 306.—Salsola lajosperma D. Dietr. Syn. pl. II (1840) 997. — Suaeda maxima C. Koch in Linnaea XVII (1843) 312.—S.heterocarpa Fenzl-in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 2 (1851) 781.— Chenopodium salsum Hohen. pl. cauc. exs. in itin. 1834 et Fenzl in Ldb.,l.c.—Salsola trigyna Willd 139 181 Sp. pl. I (1797) 1312. —Kochia trigyna Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. I (1821) 246.—Lerchea altissima Medic. Phil. Bot.I (1789) 33.—Dondia altissima Druce, List. Brit. pl. (1908) 60.—Ic.: Pall. Ilustr., t.42; Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. I, tab. 45; Sornye rast. SSSR, II (1934), fig.i 263 Rehb.jic: Fl. Germ. XXIV, tab. 289, f. 7 et 8.— Exs.: Callier It. taur. 1900, no. 721. Annual, 25—200 cm high, erect, branched, often blackening in drying, frequently with a somewhat dingy-purple stem, glabrous or the tips of young stems covered with short fugacious scarious hairs; leaves alternate, filiform-terete, acute to subobtuse, mostly very slightly narrowing at base, the floral arcuately incurved and surpassing the flowers; flowers perfect and pistillate, glomerate; clusters compact and apparently sessile (var. confertiflora Fenzl in Ldb.,1.c.) or distinctly peduncled(var.vulgaris Fenzl, 1.c.); inflorescence a pyramidal panicle; perianth somewhat attenuate at base, divided to the middle; segments ovate to suborbicular, ecarinate, completely converging in fruit; seeds rotund to rounded-oval, 1—2 mm long, vertical, sometimes intermixed with horizontal ones, convex, black, smooth, obscurely and finely reticulate. July—September. (Plate IX, Figure 3). Weed-infested ground, refuse dumps, ruderal places, irrigation ditches, "tugai,'' waterside solonchaks, and solonetzes; a weed of irrigated crops; solitary or in groups. — European part: Bl., Crim., L. Don (S.), L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E.and 8. Transe.; W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran., Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from Astrakhan. Type in London. Economic importance. Occasionally used for soda extraction. Sometimes made into whisk-brooms in desert areas. According to Agabab'yan, Granitov, and Kasimenko, the plant is eaten by camels after spells of frost. Note. The name S.heterocarpa Fenzl refers to S.altissima (L.) Pall. with perianth swollen due to frost injury. The indication concerning frutescent habit is of no significance, since this was reported by Bunge as early as 1880. Section 2. LACHNOSTIGMA Iljin in Sovietskaja Botanica, 5 (1936). — Flower clusters borne directly in the leaf axils; seeds vertical or horizontal, lustrous, obsoletely sculptured; heterocarpy not developed; ovary concavely truncate at the top; stigmas mostly 3, long, thickish, covered with long capillary papillae. Mostly shrubs, rarely annuals. 6. S.dendroides (C. A. M.) Mog. Chenop. (1840) 126; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 778; I[l'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV,194.—Schoberia dendroides C. A. M. Verzeichn. cauc. (1831) 159. — Salsola fruticosa M.B. Beschreib. d. Lander zw.d. Fluss. Terek u. Kur. am. Casp. Meer (1800) 149, app. no. 22,non L.—Suaeda microphylla auct. plur.,non Pall. Divaricately much branched undershrub, 20—60cm high; young shoots clothed at the tips with mostly long crisp hairs; leaves linear, semiterete, succulent, obtuse except for the arcuately incurved subacute uppermost ones, very slightly narrowing toward base, often glaucous, especially when young, 3—15 mm long; flowers sessile, 2—6 or rarely more in axillary 140 clusters, both perfect and pistillate; perianth subglobular or broadly ovoid, flattened from the top especially in lateral flowers; segments free to the base, oblong, arcuately connivent after anthesis; stamens as long as the perianth; ovary with 2 or 3 stigmas on obsolescent style. May. Solonchaks; scattered or in groups. — European part: L.V.; Caucasus: Dare BS Transe.; “Centr. Asia: Ar-:-Casp. (Mangyshlak). Endemic. Described from the area between Derbent and the Kura River. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Used as material for potash extraction. Of interest for ornament. 7. S.arcuata Bge. Relig. Lehm. in Mém. Sav. étrang. VII (1851) 461; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 943.—S.heterocarpa auct.turk., non Fenzl. Annual, 50—100 cm high, with an erect, often woody, virgately branching stem, glabrous, or, when young, covered in the inflorescence with short brittle fugacious hairs; leaves linear-filiform, slightly semiterete, 1.5—4 cm long and 0.75—1.25mm broad, slightly narrowing toward base, more or less divergent; bracts arched-incurved, surpassing the flower clusters; clusters many-flowered, compact, short-peduncled and apparently subsessile, forming together a narrowly pyramidal paniculate inflorescence; perianth globular-ovaloid, divided to the middle or lower down into ovate obtuse segments, spongy-fleshy, apparently inflated, sometimes intermixed with noninflated perianths; stigmas thickish; seeds vertical, mostly intermixed with horizontal, 1—1.5mm long, black, smooth, obscurely and finely reticulate-punctate. August —October. Waterside solonchaks; a weed of irrigated crops. — Centr. Asia: Kara K.(S.), Amu D. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the Yany-Darya area (Kyzyl-Kum Desert). Type in Paris; cotype in Leningrad. Section 3. CONOSPERMA Iljin in Sovietskaja Botanica 5 (1936). — Section Salsina Mog. Enum. (1840) 121 (p. p.). — Section Chenopodina Mogq., l.c., 124 (p. p.). —Schanginia Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 153 (p.p.); Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 774 (p.p.), as genus.—Suaeda Mogq,, l.c., 155 (p.p.), Fenzl, l. c., 777 (p.p.), as genus.—Chenopodina Mogq.,l.¢., 159 (p.p.), as genus. — Calvella Mogq.,l.c.,167,as genus. — Belowia Mog., 1. c., 168; Fenzl, 1.c., 792,as genus. — Schoberia C.A.M.in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 395 (p. p.); Fenzl, 1.c., 790 (p. p.); Asch. et Gr. Syn. V, 197 (p. p.). — Flower clusters inserted in the axils; leaves often pellucid- margined; seeds vertical and horizontal on the same plant, small, strongly convex, black, very glossy, quite smooth; heterocarpy very rare; stigmas thin and rather short, papillose, inserted on the concavely truncate top of the ovary. Annual plants. 8. S. lipskyi Litw. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Ross. III (1901) 35. — Exs.: HFR no. 736. Annual, 10—40cm high, glabrous; stem erect, yellowish-green, branching or more rarely simple; leaves filiform, terete, 10—20mm long and ca. 1mm broad, obtuse, very slightly narrowing toward base, glaucous, rather straight; bracts arcuately upcurved, surpassing the flower clusters; clusters of (1) 3—7 or rarely more flowers, axillary or very slightly 141 184 shifted onto the petiole; flowers perfect, rarely intermixed with pistillate ones, dimorphic: some larger, ca. 1 mm long, with obovoid perianth divided into ovate-oblong hood-shaped segments expanded in fruit and always with vertical seed, others smaller, with connivent segments and vertical seed; more rarely flowers mostly lateral, with horizontal seed and contracted perianth; stigmas 3, thickish; seeds rounded-oval, ca. 1mm long, convex, black, glossy, smooth. Fl. April—May; fr. June —July. Saline sands, especially among Haloxylon communities. — Centr. Asia: Kara K., Kyz.K., Syr D. Endemic. Described from Repetek. Type in Leningrad. Note. The stigma in this species approaches that characteristic of the preceding section. 9. S. pygmaea (Kar. et Kir.) Ijin comb. nov. — S.minima Fenzl in Lab. Fl. Ross. Ill, 2 (1851) 789; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 939. — Chenopodina minima Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 162.—Schoberia pygmaea Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 436. — Exs.: Kar. et Kir. pl. soong. no. 1874. Annual, 3—10cm high, rarely higher, with simple or bushy-branched stem; leaves glaucous, oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate, rather succulent, flattish, obtuse, often terminating in a caducous bristle; clusters 3—6-flowered; perianth divided to the middle; segments ovate or oval, obtuse, obtusely rounded on the back, cucullate, connivent; seeds black, glossy, vertical. Fl. May; fr. May — June. Saline sands. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Endemic. Described from a locality between Uzun-bulak and Gorkii piket (Kazakhstan). Type in Paris; cotype in Leningrad. Note. Strikingly resembling S.lipskyi Litw., and perhaps merely a form of this species. More ample material is needed to settle the matter. 10. S. confusa Iljin in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV (1930) 196.—S.setigera auct. europ. ross. et cauc., non Mog. — S.salsa Pall. (p. p.) Ilustr. (1803) 46 et auct. plur.—S.acuminata auct. europ. ross., non (CLAY M.) Moq. — S.splendens Grossh. in Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 72, non Gr. et Godr. — (?) S.gracilis Mog. Chenop. (1840) 123; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 780 (sec. Bge.). -Belowia baccifera Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 168.—Schoberia baccifera C. A.M. in Hoh. en Talysch. (1838) 357 (sec. Bge.). —Salsola clavifolia Hohen. pl. exc. in it. anni 1834 (sec. Bge.). Annual, 5—50cm high, glaucous, glabrous, mostly bushy-branched from base; leaves narrowly linear, flat above, slightly convex beneath, acute or acuminate, sometimes minutely bristle-tipped, the upper ones arched- incurved; clusters axillary, containing mostly perfect and some pistillate flowers, forming a rather compact spiciform inflorescence; bracts greatly surpassing the clusters, arcuate, subappressed to the stem or somewhat divergent, slightly obtuse-keeled on the back near the base; perianth segments free at least to the middle, hood-shaped, sometimes keeled; stigmas 2 or 3, sessile, villous, mostly more than 1mm long; seeds mostly horizontal, 1—1.5 mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, strongly convex, black, 142 Plate IX. 1. Suaeda glauca Bge.: a) branch, b) perianth, c) seed.— 2. S.linifolia Pall.: seed.— 3. S.altissima (L.) Pall.: seed.— 4, S.corniculata (C.A.M.) Bge.: perianth.— 5. S.hetero- phylla (Kar.et Kir.) Bge.: perianth.— 6. S.prostrata Pall.: a) branch, b) seed.— 7. S.olufsenii Pauls.: a) branch, b) perianth.— 8. S.salsa (L.) Pall.: a) branch, b) seed.— 9. S.acuminata (C.A.M.) Mogq.: a) branch, b) seed.— 10. S.drepanophylla Litw.: a) branch, b) perianth, c) seed. 143 horizontal, 1—1.5 mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, strongly convex, black, glossy, smooth, sometimes developing in late fall and then flat, yellowish- brown and dull. August —September. "Sarsazanniki'' and puffy solonchaks; salinas; scattered but mostly in considerable numbers. — European part: Bl., Crim., L. Don (S.), Transv. (S.), L.V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., S. and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (SW); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from the Lake El'ton area. Type in Leningrad. Note. Reports referring to the West Mediterranean species S.splendens (Pourr.) Gr. et Godr. Fl. Fr. III (1855) 30 (=S.setigera Mog.) in the USSR flora, made by various authorities, are groundless. These species are not even related and they belong to different cycles. Above all, the seed structure clearly points to the S.maritima L. cycle rather than to S.acuminata C.A.M. Economic importance. The plant may be used as a source of soda. Of interest for ornament. 11. S.baccifera Pall. Illustr. (1803) 48; Il'in in FI. Yugo-Vost. IV, 195. — Schanginia baccifera Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 776 (partim).— Euchylaena borysthenis Spreng. Syst. veget. I (1825) 923. — Chenopodina baccifera Moq. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 160 (?).—Ic.: Pall.,l.c.,t.41; Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, (1930), fig. 276. Annual, 15—50 cm high, glaucous, glabrous, bushy-branched from base; leaves fleshy, semiterete, mostly arched-incurved; flowers either perfect or pistillate in compact axillary clusters; fruiting perianth often baccate and rose-colored, subglobular, divided to below the middle into wingless hooded segments; ovary in central axillary flowers vertical, in lateral ones horizontal; seeds rounded-oval, 0.75—1.25mm long and 0.5—1mm broad, black, smooth, glossy, convex, those developing in fall mostly larger, 1.5—2 mm long, flat, dull, olivaceous or brown, with prominent embryo. August —September. Solonchaks. — European part: Bl., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: E. Transc. (?). Endemic. Described from the area of the Samara River, a tributary of the Dnieper. Type in London. Note. A rather enigmatic species. Schmalhausen considers it to be synonymous with S.altissima Pall. Taking into account the illustration and the description, Iam more inclined to refer it to S.confusa I[ljin. Yu. Grigor'ev and I both chanced to collect in the Transvolga semidesert specimens which do not differ from the plant illustrated by Pallas. It is, however, possible that S.baccifera Pall.is merely a late autumnal frost-affected form of S.confusa I]jin. 187 12. S. acuminata (C. A. M.) Mogq. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 1, XXIII (1831) 309. — Schoberia acuminata C.A.M.,l.c.,401.—Sueda setigera Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 398. —Schoberia salsa C.A.M.in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 783 (p. p.), non Mog. — S. salsa auct. Fl. turk. plur., non Pall. — Ic.: Ldb. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 44. Annual, 10—75 cm high, glabrous, mostly erect, with obliquely ascending branches, sometimes bushy-branched, often with reddish stem; leaves glaucous, narrowly linear, flat above, convex beneath, acuminate or acute, 144 sometimes minutely bristle-pointed; flowers mostly perfect, in compact axillary clusters of 2—5; bracts acuminate, equaling or at most 1.5—2 times as long as the clusters, these disposed in loose spiciform inflorescences together forming a panicle; perianth segments hooded; stigmas 2 or 3, mostly not more than 0.5—0.75mm long; seeds vertical or horizontal, 1—1.5mm long, black, strongly convex, glossy and smooth. July —September. (Plate IX, Figure 9a—b). Solonchaks, solonchak meadows, and refuse dumps. — W. Siberia: (?) Irt. (S.); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (E.), Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., (?) Kyz.K., Syr D. (?). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the former Semipalatinsk Province ("in deserto soongoro-kirghisico"). Type in Leningrad. 13. S.pterantha (Kar. et Kir.) Bge. in A. H. P. VI, 2 (1880) 430; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 941.— Schoberia pterantha Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 734; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 791.— Calvelia pterantha Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 167.—Suaeda kareliniana Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 789; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 939. — Tomaumernva“anouwscula*kar-et Kir., 1c., 733.— Ss: kareliniana var.vulgaris Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XL (1 867) 63. Annual, 10—40cm high, glaucescent or yellowish-green, erect, mostly bushy-branched, glabrous, inflorescence covered with very short crisp fugacious hairs; leaves convex beneath, flat above, oblong-linear, very slightly narrowing toward base, obtuse and mostly minutely mucronulate or more rarely terminating in a short caducous bristle; bracts oblong or oval; cluster of 1—5 flowers, forming interrupted spiciform inflorescences, the flowers perfect and some (mostly the lateral) pistillate; perianth mostly divided to the middle; segments hooded, keeled; segments of fruiting perianth bearing on the keel membranous longitudinal wings, especially in central flowers, the lateral flowers often with additional small transversal winglike outgrowths; stigmas 2 or 3, sessile, subulate, 0.25—0.4mm long; seeds small, 0.75—1mm in diameter, black, very convex, glossy and smooth, in the axillary flowers vertical, in lateral ones mostly horizontal. August —September. Solonchaks, mostly puffy. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Gen.distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from Zaisan. Type in Leningrad. 14. S.transoxana (Bge.) Boiss. Fl. or. IV (1879) 943.—Schoberia transoxana Bge. Reliq. Lehm. (1851) 291. — Exs.: HFR no. 686 (sub S.arcuata Bge.). Annual, 10—30cm high, glaucescent, glabrous, often bushy-branched from the very base, the lower branches elongated; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, slightly convex beneath, more or less concave above, succulent, arched-upcurved, especially the upper ones; bracts shorter, also arcuate; clusters many-flowered, almost from the base of the plant, containing both perfect and small lateral pistillate flowers; perianth segments oval to oblong-oval, obtuse, 3-nerved; stigmas mostly 3, more rarely 2, short, 0.25—0.5 mm long, sessile; seeds vertical, rounded-oval, ca. 1mm long, strongly convex, with rounded margins, black, very glossy, smooth, not sculptured. July —September. 145 189 190 Solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Kyz. K., Syr D., Kara K., Amu D. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the Yany-Darya area. Type in Paris; cotype in Leningrad. 15. S.microsperma (C. A. M.) Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross., ITI, 2 (1851) 185. = S.microspermaoerecta,Menzl, lic. Schoberia im Lene. sperma C.A.M. in Eichw. Pl. casp.-cauc. (1831—33) 14.— Chenopodina microsperma Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 165.—Ic.: Eichw., l.c., t.13.— Exs.: HFR no. 636 (sub S.kareliniana). Annual, glaucous, 5—30cm high, glabrous, strongly branching from base, the elongated lower branches ascending; leaves small, oblong, oval, or oblong-obovate, flat, slightly convex beneath, markedly narrowing at base, obtuse and mostly terminating in a caducous bristle or in a small sharp tubercle, theupper ones or all arched-incurved, the cauline more or less appressed to the stem; flowers in clusters of 1—5, mostly 3, of these the central usually vertical and perfect, the lateral flattened from above, mostly pistillate; perianth small, free to between one-half and two-thirds; segments cucullate, covering the fruit, keeled on the back, the convex parts of the keel often tubercled and not infrequently pectinate; anther locules free to between one-third and one-half; stigmas mostly 3, sessile; seeds horizontal, in the axils often vertical, small, rounded-oval, 0.6—1 mm long and 0.5—0.75 mm broad, blackish-brown to almost black, smooth, glossy. July —September. Solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Kyz.K.(S.), Kara K., Amu D. Endemic. Described from Turkmenia, from the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea (Krasnovodsk, Dagada Island). Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. According to I. A. Linchevskii, a forage plant (under the name S.kareliniana), apparently for camels. 16. S. eltonica [jin in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. d. 1'URSS XXVI, 4 (1927) 415; TlMin in FL. Yugo-Vost. lV, 201. — Je. Fl. Yuso-Vost.; p. 202) tiara Tne Exs.: HFR no. 3035. Annual, 100—150cm high, glabrous, the thick stem woody at base; leaves linear, flat, 20—40mm long and 2—3mm broad, fleshy, sessile; flowers in clusters, axillary; central flowers strictly axillary, perfect, rarely pistillate, globular or ovaloid, the mostly fleshy perianth ca. 3mm in diameter, the gibbous keeled segments with connivent cucullate tips, the pistil with 3 stigmas, the seedvertical; lateral flowers 1 or 2 (3), mostly pistillate, borne on either side of the bract in the axils of small ovate or oblong-ovate scarious unequally denticulate bracteoles, the perianth somewhat flattened from above, the keelless segments slightly transversely winged, the horizontal seeds yellowish and dark-speckled when young, blackening in maturity, glossy, obsoletely punctate. August—September. Wet solonchaks; in groups. — European part: L.V. Endemic. Described from Lake El'ton. Type in Leningrad. 17. S.turkestanica Litw. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Ross. VI (1908) 110. — Exs.: HFR no. 1838. ; Annual, 75—150cm high, glabrous; stem erect, somewhat lustrous, pale, often to 10mm in diameter at base, becoming woody to a considerable height, branching from base, the basal branches elongated, the shorter 146 91 cauline branches mostly arcuately divergent, densely leafy; leaves linear, 10—30mm long and 2—3mm broad, flat, obtuse, very slightly narrowing at base, uprightly divergent, somewhat succulent, nearly all with flowers in their axils; bracts abbreviated, the uppermost very slightly shorter to barely surpassing the cluster, oblong to oval; clusters (1) 3—6-flowered, strictly axillary and sessile; flowers of two kinds, some larger, ca. 1mm in diameter, perfect, the perianth flattened from above, its lower part spongy-accrescent in fruit and often bearing tubercular-keeled transversal lobes, the cucullate segments distinctly keeled, others smaller, pistillate, with unchanged perianth; stigmas 2,more rarely 3, sessile; seeds of the larger flowers horizontal, those of the smaller ones vertical, rotund or oval-rotund, ca. 1mm in diameter, convex, black or blackish-brown, glossy, smooth. September. Solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Amu D., Syr D., Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz). Endemic. Described from the ''Divana-bag'' Uzbek burial ground near Chardzhov. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. According to I. A. Linchevskii, a forage plant, apparently for camels. Section 4. PHYSOPHORA Iljin in Sovietskaja Botanica, 5 (1936). — Flower clusters in the axils of bracts; ovary truncate, flat-topped; stigmas 3 or more rarely 2, very short, thickish, obtuse, mostly spatulate, naked, sessile, rather disconnected; fruiting perianth inflated; seeds mostly horizontal, dimorphic, the black ones regularly reticulate. 18. S. physophora Pall. Illustr. (1803) 51; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, Giiseoamal oer 3%95 lin im eleYugo-Vost. i Vj;194 5) Kryl: Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 935.— Salsola physophora Schrad. in Schult. Syst. veget. VI (1820) 238.— Chenopodina physophora Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 164.— Enchylaena physophora Spreng. Syst. Veget. 1 (1825) 923.— Schoberia physophora C.A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. 1 (1829) 396.—Ic.: Pall., 1. c.,t.43; Acta Univ. As. Med. ser. VIII-b, 21, fig. 20. Undershrub, profusely branched from base, 30—100cm high; young branches whitish, naked or covered with very short papillae; leaves linear, almost semiterete, succulent, obliquely ascending, very slightly dilated at base, falling off at a joint; flowers sessile in the axils of bracts, solitary or 2 or 3 together, rarely more, disposed in a pyramidal paniculate inflorescence; the central axillary perfect flower with globular perianth, the mostly pistillate lateral flowers with a somewhat flattened perianth; perianth segments of all flowers ovoid, obtuse, arched-connivent, mostly connate at least to the middle; ovary with 3 or more rarely 2 short thickish sessile naked stigmas; seeds mostly horizontal, ca.2mm in diameter (those of lateral flowers smaller), scarcely glossy, obsoletely punctate. June — August. Crustose and lumpy solonetz soils; in groups or scattered, sometimes over considerable areas. — European part: L.V.; Caucasus: Dag. (?); W. Siberia: U. Tob. (S.), Irt. (S.), Alt. (SW); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D.(?). Endemic. Described from the shores of the Caspian Sea. Type in London. Economic importance. Used as a source of potash. 147 192 Section 5. HETEROSPERMA Iljin in Sovietskaja Botanica 5 (1936) — Sect. Chenopodina Mog. Enum. (1840) 124 (p.p.). -Schoberia C.A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 399 (p. p.) et Mogq., 1. c., 132, as genus. — Cheno- podina Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 159 (p. p.), as genus. — Brezia Mog., l.c., 167. — Suaeda Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 777 (p. p.), as genus. — Flower clusters strictly axillary; seeds more compressed, brownish or blackish-brown, more or less markedly reticulate, always horizontal; stigmas slender, very short, smooth, inserted on the constricted tip of the ovary; heterocarpy common. Cycle 1.Salsae Iljin. — Seeds inconspicuously sculptured. 19. S. salsa (L.) Pall. Illustr. (1803) 46 (p. Die —Schoberia obtusi- folia Bge. Rel. Lehm. (1851) 290.—Suaeda obtusifolia Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XL (1867) 62.— Chenopodium salsum L. Sp. pl. (1753)/221.)— "Sia iso Vian sa lisa “Ls Sp. pl.,ed. 2) (1762) 3242-16 menepodina salsa Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 160 (p.p.). —-Schoberia salsa C. A. M. in Eichw. pl. casp.-cauc. (1831—33) 6. —Suaeda salsaa@ crassifolia Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 786. —Ic.- Pall.,l.c., poo), Annual, 25—100cm high, glaucous, glabrous; stems robust, erect or somewhat ascending below, branching from the base; branches obliquely ascending, the youngest shoots often turning black in drying; leaves very succulent, semiterete or narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, strongly convex beneath, concave above or rather with involute and often contiguous margins, obtuse or rounded at apex, very slightly narrowing at base; upper leaves and bracts broader, often oblong or oval and often markedly attenuate at base; flowers small, in clusters of several, bracteolate; perianth subglobular; segments rounded on the back, obtuse, thin; bracteoles orbicular or oval, subentire, scarious, shorter than perianth; stigmas short, filiform; seeds horizontal, rotund or rounded-oval, ca. 1mm in diameter, strongly compressed, sharp-margined, black or more often blackish-brown, glossy, smooth, obsoletely reticulate-punctate. August—September. (Plate IX, Figure 8a —b). Maritime or more rarely continental solonchaks. — European part: L. V. (Astrakhan); Caucasus: E. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Kyz. K. (Aral Seashores), Kara K. (Caspian coast). Gen.distr.: reported for the Balkan Peninsula and Hungary, but these reports need critical checking. Described from the vicinity of Astrakhan. Type in London ? Note. This species has been most variously interpreted by different authorities and it is the subject of much confusion in the literature. This is due to the fact that the authorities paid attention to the coloring of the plant rather than to details of its morphology. Thus various forms of S.confusa Iljin and S.acuminata (C.A.M.) Mogq., with more obtusish leaves, have been formally referred to S.salsa (L.) Pall. Yet, as far as can be deduced from available material, this is a distinctive, largely maritime species, readily distinguishable by its foliage, perianth, and seeds. The seeds point rather to genetic affiliation with S.prostrata Pall., although they are more glossy, smooth, and almost imperceptibly 148 sculptured. The illustration presented by Pallas provides an inadequate representation of this species. Economic importance. Wehmer reports the following percentage composition of Austrian specimens of S.salsa Pall.: water 75.94, ash 5.74 (on dry weight basis 23.86); the ash content being Na. 26.69, K 2.97, Mg 2.66, Ca 3.25, Fe 0.67, Al 2.93, Cl 25.32, SO, 24.27, PO, 1.87, CO; 9.36, basides SO; and some other components. 20. S.ussuriensis Iljin in Acta Instit. Bot. Ac. Sc. ser. I, fase. II (1936). 125. Annual, 10—50 cm high, glaucescent-green, becoming reddish-yellow or purple, glabrous; stems erect or more rarely ascending, usually branching from base, rarely simple; leaves linear-filiform, semiterete, 1—3cm long and 0.75—1.2 mm broad, at least the upper acute, the lower often obtusish; bracts much abbreviated, slightly surpassing or the uppermost equaling the clusters; flowers perfect, intermixed with pistillate, in many-flowered axillary clusters, forming an interrupted apparently verticillate spiciform inflorescence; perianth segments fleshy, hooded, connivent, mostly distinct to below the middle, in fruit prominently keeled, with triangular-winged transversal protuberances near the base, hence the perianth apparently stellate with a raised center; stigmas 2, sessile, very short; anthers rounded-oval; seeds horizontal, 1—1.5mm in diameter, of two kinds, some convex, with blackish-brown brittle glossy smooth or reticulate-punctate testa, others flat, compressed, with scarious yellowish-brown dull smooth testa and prominent embryo. July —September. Seashores. — Far East: Uss. Gen.distr.: (?) Manch., Jap.-Ch. Described from the vicinity of Kangui village at the mouth of the Tumyn-gan River (Ussuri). Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is undoubtedly closely related to S.japonica Makino (The Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XXIII, 1909, 11) which is distinguishable by its thicker leaves (2.3—4 mm) and scarcely keeled fruiting perianth. Makino's indication concerning the scarious testa as a feature distinguishing his species from S.maritima L.and S.salsa Pall. does not stand up to criticism, since the description was based on fall specimens and merely reflects the heterocarpy which also characterizes the other two species. Cycle 2. Maritimae [ljin. — Seeds prominently sculptured. 21. S.maritima (L.) Dumort. Fl. Belg. (1827) 22.— Chenopodium maritimum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 221.—S.maritima A.filiformis Gr. in Asch.u.Gr.Syn. V (1913) 199.—S. filiformis Dum. FI. Belg.(1827) 22. — Chenopodium filiforme Dum.,l.c.—Chenopodina filiformis Mogq. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 164.-? Schoberia dumortieri Steud.Nom. ed.2,11 (1841) 532.—Ic.: Hegi Ill. Fl. Mitt. Europ. III,257,t.97; Lindman Svensk Fanerogamfl. (1918) 221.—Exs.: HFR no.387; Pl.Finl.exs., no.608 et 607. Annual, mostly 3—25 cm high, green or grayish-green, glabrous; stem erect or ascending, simple or more often with few elongated branches in lower part, nearly always unbranched in the inflorescence; leaves 1—2.5cm 149 194 long, convex beneath, obtuse or scarcely acutish, upright; bracts twice to several times as long as the clusters, subappressed to the stem; flowers small, in clusters of 2—5 in the axils of bracts; perianth thin, unchanged in fruit or developing small obsolescent equal tubercles on each of the segments; seeds horizontal, rotund, mostly 1—1.25 (1.5) mm in diameter, blackish-brown to almost black, glossy, markedly punctate-reticulate. July — August. Maritime solonchaks. — European part: Lad.-Ilm. (reported by Gorter for Leningrad Region, but I have not seen any specimens of this species from the USSR). Gen. distr.: Scand., Atl. Eur., Med. ? Described from W. Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Used for potash extraction. The laxative properties are comparable to those of the next species. The following mineral content was established by Wehmer for the foliage of West European plants: total ash 31.57 on a dry weight basis; of this in percentages, Cl 44, Na,O 40.8, K,0O 4.4, CaO 4.2, MgO 6.6, Fe,O3 2.3, SOg 3, SiOs,2.4, PyO, 2. The data for stems are: total ash 24.06, Cl 47, Na,O 46, CaO 4.4, K,O 3.14, MgO 2, SOx 3.4, Fe,O3 1.3, SiO, 2, PxO, 1.2. The ash contains also NaCl 19.3%, Na,CO 3 41.7, potassium phosphate 12.2, K,CO3 7.5, CaSO, 9.3%. 22. S.prostrata Pall. Illustr. (1803) 55.—S.maritimaa vulgaris Mog. Chenop. (1840) 128. — S.maritima auct. ross., non L. (s. str.).— S.salsa Pall. (p.p.) et auct. plur.— Chenopodina maritimaa vulgaris Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 161.—Schoberia maritima C. A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. 1 (1829) 400.— Suaeda chenopodioides Pall., l.c., 56. — ? S. parviflora Moq. Chenop. (1840) 131.—? Schoberia parvi- flora Less. in Linnaea IX (1835), 201. — Chenopodina prostrata Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 162.—? C.parviflora Mog,, l.c., 165. — Ie.) Pahl l..c.,t.4%.—.Pxs. >, HE Rone. 2g61 eandb, oon soe Annual, 10—75 cm high, glabrous, light green or yellowish-green, subsequently somewhat reddening; stem erect or ascending, branching from the base; leaves semiterete, acute or the lower somewhat obtusish; bracts shorter to slightly longer than the clusters; flowers mostly perfect, 2-many in the cluster, in interrupted spiciform inflorescences; perianth globose, parted to below the middle; segments fleshy, unchanged in fruit or with rather inconspicuous tubercles equally developed on all segments and keeled and then with short triangular stellately arranged basal lobes; seeds horizontal, 1—1.5mm in diameter, blackish-brown, glossy, punctate- reticulate, with a rather sharp margin; autumnal seeds flat, rotund, dull, tawny, strongly compressed. July—September. (Plate IX, Figure 6 a—b). Wet solonchaks; in very large numbers. — European part: M. Dnp. (Lubny), iV. Don, Bly, ‘Crim. 1. Dons Lransv.. ke V4, Caucasus: (Cisse, Dag., 5S. and E.. Transec.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Anpt—=Say-.; (?) Dau.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D. Gen. distr.: W. Eur., Dzu.-Kash. Reports for other regions are dubious. Described from two locations: the valley of the small river Solyanka, a tributary of the Eruslan River in the Central Volga region, and from a locality which lies between Stalingrad [Volgograd] and Chernyi Yar. Type in London. 150 Note. It should be noted that the plant which I collected at two sites beside Lake El'ton — S.macrocarpa Mog. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1 ser., XXIII (1831) 309 (=>S.maritima 6 macrocarpa Mog. Chenop. (1840) 128), differs from S.prostrata Pall.and S.maritima L.in its large flowers, and, more particularly, its seeds that are 2—3mm in diameter. It also differs to some extent in habit and the more obtuse leaves. It is not clear whether this plant should be regarded as a separate species or merely as a variety; this problem can be settled only upon examination of a larger number of specimens. [If it should prove to be merely a race, it would have to be named S.prostrata subsp.macrocarpa (Moq.) Hi3in, Economic importance. The plant is used in many places for potash extraction. It has laxative properties which disappear on boiling. It is believed to provide forage of poor quality, comparable with that of winter- rye straw (Aleksandrovskaya and Beguchev). Eaten by camels, but mostly not before fall. Analysis of vegetative specimens from the lower Volga region, carried out by these authors, gave the following percentage composition: water 19.56, ash 10.41, crude protein 8.11, albumin 7.14, crude fat 2.92, crude cellulose 27.55, nitrogen-free extract 31.45; the coefficients of digestibility for these components were 38.52, 40.90, 49.14, 34.22, and 37.03, respectively; starch equivalent was found to be 9.85. I. Larin gives the following percentage analysis for West Kazakhstan plants: water 5.97, ash 27.61—29.35, cellulose 14.22—15.12, crude protein 6.63—7.06, crude fat 2.61—2.78, nitrogen-free extract 42.96—45.69; hence starch equivalent 30.59—32.54. 23. S. olufsenii Pauls. Lieut. Olufsen's Second Pamir Exp. in Vidensk Meddel. fra den naturh. Foren i Kbhvn (1903) 194. —Ic.: Pauls.,1.c., t. IL. Annual, glaucescent, glabrous; stems ascending, 3—25cm long, commonly with elongated decumbent or ascending branches in lower part, unbranched or very sparsely branched elsewhere, or more rarely altogether simple; leaves oblong or oval, obtuse or minutely mucronulate, abruptly narrowing at base, remote, flat above, convex beneath, the lower to 10mm long and 3mm broad, the upper smaller; bracts often acutish; flowers perfect, minutely pedicellate (remove flowers !); clusters many-flowered, forming interrupted spiciform inflorescences; perianth segments hooded; bearing in fruit transversal basal protuberances, these winglike, narrowed upward, stellately expanded; stigmas 2, short, filiform; seeds horizontal, rotund or rounded-oval, 0.75—1.25 mm in diameter, rather convex, blackish-brown or black, glossy, markedly punctate-reticulate, with a sharp margin. August—September. (Plate IX, Figure 7a—b). Shores of brackish lakes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Pamir). Endemic. Described from Khargushpas inthe Pamir. Type in Copenhagen. 24. S. corniculata (C. A. M.) Bge. in A. H. P. VI, 2 (1880) 429; Tl'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV,198; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 379; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 940. — Schoberia corniculata C.A.M. in Lab. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 399; Fenzl im eps: Ross lly 79h3, Tarez.E1. baic.-dah. Ny2)44.— le:: Labs le: pl.fl. ross., t.195; Sorn. rast. SSSR, II (1934) fig. 120. — Exs.: HFR no. 1237, 2368. 151 196 IL )y Annual, 10—50cm high, glabrous, mostly dark green, often purple, readily turning black, commonly branching from base, with prostrate stems and branches (var.prostrata Bge.(=Schoberia corniculataa prostrata Bge. Relig. Lehman. (1851) 289); more rarely ascending and then often not blackening (var.erecta (Bge.) Litw. in Sched. ad HFR, VII (1911) 144); leaves filiform-linear, semiterete, subacute to subobtuse, sessile; flowers in clusters of 3—9 in the axils of almost all leaves, perfect, intermixed with pistillate; perianth more or less fleshy, dissected to the middle or lower down into ovate obtusish segments; fruiting perianth with corniculate protuberance of unequal length, these more strongly developed in lateral flowers, more rarely reduced to a herbaceous pectinate transverse outgrowth; stigmas short, sessile; seeds mostly horizontal, those of the vertical central flower 1.25—1.75mm in diameter, with a hard glossy blackish testa, markedly reticulate- punctate, those of lateral flowers 1.25—2 mm in diameter, strongly flattened, with thin scarious dull tawny smooth testa, with prominent embryo, or very rarely the seeds of the first type. July —September. (Plate IX, Figure 4). Wet solonchaks; in groups, often of limited size. — European part: Tansy. ;/) (Li .2 We Siberias).U. Leb; Irt.; Obi (SiofiS62 Ns lets), Ale E. Siberia: Ang.~-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol. (S., rare); Centr. Asia: Ar. -Casp., Balkh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong., NW Manch., W. Tibet. Described from Loktevsk, Chuya, and Semipalatinsk. Type in Leningrad. 25. S.drepanophylla Litw. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Ross. VI (1908) 109. — S.corniculata var. drepanophy lla. Litw.,1.'c.;108. — Exs,: HbR no. 1886. Annual, 40—75 cm high, glabrous, glaucous, turning black; stem mostly erect, branching from base; branches closely approximate, upright; leaves alternate, approximate, fleshy, terete, markedly falcately upcurved, obtuse, mostly slightly thickened toward apex, shortly attenuate at base into a petiole, 10—15 mm long; bracts strongly abbreviated, the uppermost oval to suborbicular, short-petioled, often gibbous on the back; flowers in clusters of 5, strictly axillary, borne on short branchlets forming a narrowly paniculate inflorescence, perfect intermixed with pistillate; perianth fleshy; segments of fruiting perianth with shortly thick-rayed stellately arranged hoodlike tubercles and mostly, especially in lateral flowers, with unequal corniculate protuberances resembling those of S.corniculata Bge.; anthers rounded or rounded-oval; stigmas 2 or 3, short, sessile; seeds horizontal, more rarely oblique, some with hard blackish-brown glossy smooth finely reticulate-punctate testa, 0.75—1mm long, others flat, yellow or tawny, with dull scarious testa and prominent embryo, 1—1.25 (1.5) mm in diameter, the two types being associated with the central and the lateral flowers of the dichasial clusters, respectively. August —September. (Plate IX, Figure 10a—c). Wet solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Amu D., Syr D. Endemic. Described from Farab (Turkmenistan). Type in Leningrad. 26. S. heterophylla (Kar. et Kir.) Bge. in A. H. P. VI, 2 (1880) 429; tin in Fl. Yugo-Vost.1V,199; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib: iV, 940. — Sohober td heterophylla Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 734; 152 Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 790.—Brezia heterophylla Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 167.—Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 200, fig. 277. — Exs.: HFR no. 936. Annual, 10—80cm high, glabrous, light green, becoming yeliowish to lateritious, branching or more rarely simple; leaves filamentose, semiterete, acute to obtusish, divergent, with abbreviated branchlets in their axils; flowers mostly in clusters of 3 (1—5), perfect and pistillate, subtended by linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate leaves; perianth dissected to the middle or lower down into ovate obtuse ecarinate segments; segments of fruiting perianth, especially in lateral flowers, mostly with semicircular winglike outgrowths combining into broad transversal band or in obtusely stellate arrangement of 5 rays; stigmas mostly 2, very short, sessile; seeds horizontal, in central flowers 1mm in diameter, with firm blackish-brown reticulate -punctate testa; seeds developing in late fall and those of lateral flowers strongly flattened, 1—1.5mm in diameter, with scarious smooth dull tawny or but exceptionally black testa and a prominent embryo. July —September. (Plate IX, Figure 5). Wet solonchaks, salinas, mainly in areas of large concentrations of sand; in groups of often limited size. — European part: L.V.; Caucasus: E. Transc. (Garedzh Steppe) and S. Transc. (Arazdayanskaya Steppe); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz.K., Kara K., Syr D., Amu D. Gen. distr.: Iran. (Afghanistan), Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Tib. Described from Zaisan. Type in Leningrad. 27. S.kossinskyi Iljin in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. d. 1'URSS, XXVI, 2 (1927) 115; Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV (1930) 200.—S.crassifolia Pavlov in herb. Boteilast. Ac. oc. URse.— te.: Fl) Yugo-Vost-) le:, fig. 278. Annual, 5—15 cm high, glabrous, pale green or yellowish, branching from base; leaves to 5mm broad, oval or oblong-spatulate or oblong, very fleshy, obtuse, sessile, narrowing at base; flowers in the axils of nearly all leaves, mostly in 3's, perfect and pistillate; perianth 2.5—3.5mm in diameter, fleshy; fruiting perianth markedly transversely winged, the connivent lobes often developing 5 large tubercles; stigmas sessile, very short; seeds horizontal, 1.5—2mm in diameter, black or blackish-brown, clearly punctate-reticulate, the pericarp adnate to lower part of perianth; some seeds flat, dull tawny. August. Solonchaks (salinas) in the midst of large sandy areas. — European part: L. V. (Urda); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Urda. Type in Leningrad. Note. A species related to S.przevalskyi from which it differs in the less spatulate leaves and more fleshy perianth with developed transversal wings. Genus 422. ALEXANDRA* BGE. Bge. in Linnaea XVII (1843) 120. Flowers perfect, with scarious bracteoles, borne several together in the axils of long and broad bracts; perianth segments 5, united below the * Named for Alexander Lehmann (1814—1842), renowned for his Central Asian collections, which resulted in a number of new species and genera treated by Bunge. 1S 199 middle, some of them, mostly 2 or 3, with oblong dorsal wings in upper part; stamens 5, the short unappendaged anthers scarcely exserted; ovary clearly truncate, the 2 or 3 short stigmas arising from the flat top; seeds vertical, with radicle pointing downward, the embryo spiral. Annual plants with alternate simple leaves. A monotypic genus. 1. A.lehmanni Bge. in Linnaea XVII (1843) 120; Relig. Lehm. (1851) 463; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 793.— Pterocalyx strictissimus Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. d.1'Acad. d. St. Pétersb. I (1843) 361. Annual, 10—50cm high, yellowish-green, succulent, glabrous; stems simple or branching, erect; leaves sessile, entire, obtusish, the lowermost linear to linear-lanceolate, the middle oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, marcescent, sessile and subappressed to the stem, the upper bracteal leaves [bracts] ovate to rounded-ovate, imbricated; flowers in groups of 3—5, enclosed by the bracts, furnished with 2 scarious lanceolate crenate bracteoles; perianth segments 2,more rarely 3 or very rarely 4, oblongly winged, the wings fully developed onmostly 2 segments, usually witha fimbriate-toothed margin; seeds ca. 1mm long, subrotund to ovate, compressed, blackish-brown, glossy, subobsoletely reticulate, with a prominent radicle. (Plate X, Figure 4). Solonchaks, mostly puffy ; in groups. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (E. part), Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D. (?). Endemic. Described from the Barsuki sands north of the Aral Sea. Type in Leningrad. Genus 423. BORSZCZOWIA * BGE. Bge. in A.H.P.V, 2 (1878) 643; VI, 2 (1880) 424. Flowers unisexual, the plants monoecious; staminate flowers small, in small numbers among the pistillate, with 5 obtuse short scarcely hooded lobes; stamens 5, with rounded-oval unappendaged anthers; a rudimentary pistil present; pistillate flowers in groups of several in the axils of cauline and ramal leaves, occurring in two forms, some smaller, subpyriform, with fleshy perianth 3—5-toothed at summit, others much larger, obovoid, strongly compressed laterally and slightly vertically winged, in both forms the perianth adnate to ovary, berrylike in fruit by fusion with pericarp; ovary with 2 or 3 short subulate sessile stigmas; seeds vertical, with spiral embryo, almost exalbuminous, displaying heterocarpy, in the small flowers obovate, with brittle black glabrous glossy testa, in the large compressed flowers brown or olivaceous, dull, with prominent embryo; bracteoles scarious, pellucid, ovate to oblong-ovate, denticulate, shorter than perianth. A monotypic genus. 1. B.aralocaspica Bge. in A. H. P. V, 2 (1878) 643 and VI, 2 (1880) 424. — Schanginia borszczowii Bge.in Borshchov, Mater. dlya Bot. geogr. Ar.-Kasp. kraya (1865) 42 and 150 (nomen). Annual, 10—40cm high, glabrous, branching from the base; stems mostly decumbent, more rarely ascending or suberect, whitish, lustrous, * Named for I. Borshchov (1833 —1878), renowned for his studies of the Aral-Caspian region. 5402 154 200 fragile; leaves fleshy, semiterete, obtuse, slightly narrowing at base, the upper shorter, all somewhat arched-upcurved at base; flowers glomerate, both in the leaf axils and at the tips of stems and branches; fruiting perianth accrescent, in largest flowers attaining pea size and tightly enclosing the fruit; seeds large, flat, brown, up to 2.5—3mm in diameter, or black and much smaller, rarely reaching 2.5 in diameter. August. (Plate X, Figure 5 a, b). Solonchaks, salinas, and takyrs. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz.K. Endemic. Described from the lower course of the Emba River, near the NE shore of the Caspian Sea. Type in Leningrad. Note. B.titovii Eug. Kor (ined.), reported for the Lake Balkhash area, does not differ from the species described. Genus 424. BIENERTIA * BGE. Bge. in Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 945. Flowers perfect or pistillate, with scarious bracteoles, the former occurring commonly in summer, the latter in fall,5-merous; perianth fleshy; segments of fruiting perianth connivent, with a winglike band below their juncture always developed in pistillate flowers and only partly in perfect ones; stamens 5, with unappendaged anthers; stigmas 2 or 3, short, claviform; fruits horizontal; seeds with spiral embryo and very scanty endosperm, of two sorts, the early convex, with hard black glossy testa, the fall-produced flat, tawny and almost dull. Annual plants with simple alternate leaves. A monotypic genus. 1. B.cycloptera Bge. in Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 945; Tl'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 204.—Schanginia baccifera Fenzl (ex parte) in Ldb. Fl. Ross. IV (1851) 776. —Schoberia baccifera C.A.M.in Hohen. Enum. Talysch (1838) 357.— Schoberia cycloptera Bge. ex Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XL, 3 (1867) 64.— Bienertia lipskyi Fom. in Opr. rast. Kavkaza i Kryma II, 2 (1914) 137.—Ic.- Fl. Yugo-Vost. Wo iieocol.— Exs.2 HER no. 366. Annual, 10—40cm high, glabrous, succulent, branching from the base; stem erect or ascending, becoming apparently winged on drying; leaves linear, terete, succulent, obtuse, adnate to some extent to the branches so that these seem to arise from the lower part of the leaf; flowers in axillary clusters, finally borne on short peduncles apparently arising from the leaf base; in early fruits the winglike rim of the fruiting perianth mostly confined to lateral ones, in the case of fall-produced fruits generally present; stamens not prominent; seeds rotund, 1.5—2.5mm in diameter. June —September. (Plate X, Figure 3). Gypsiferous solonchaks; in groups or in compact thickets. — European part: L.V.; Caucasus: E. and S: Transe.; Centr. Asia:) Ar.-Casp., Balkh. (w.), Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from E. Iran. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. According to I. A. Linchevskii, a forage plant, apparently for camels. * Named for Bienert, Bunge's companion and assistant in his Iranian travels. 155 202 Tribe 10. SALSOLEAE C. A. M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 370 (incl. Anabaseae). — Bracteoles herbaceous; embryo spiral. Genus 425. SALSOLA* L. L. Sp. pl.ed.1 (1753) 222; Gen. pl.ed. 5 (1754) 104. Flowers perfect, 5-merous, mostly solitary or rarely more in the leaf axils, forming together a spiciform inflorescence; fruiting perianth with winglike mostly horizontally spreading protuberances, these sometimes reduced to pectinate ridges; stamens 5, the anthers terminating in variously shaped scarious or bladdery appendages or unappendaged; stigmas 2, sessile or borne on a long style; fruits horizontal or oblique or vertical; seeds with spiral embryo. Annuals, undershrubs, shrubs, or trees, with narrow or rarely broad, mostly alternate entire leaves. The genus contains about 120 species. Russian name: solyanka. 1. Stigmas sessile, very short (a fraction of 1mm), subulate; fruit baccate; plants glabrous; leaves claviform (Section 10. Cocco- Sal oblie sBLe TI) cg Se Mae idee Co ak a 72. S.foliosa (L.) Schrad. +. Stigmas borne on a style, much longer than in the preceding species; PE UEE MOL WACCACCY bax cuss ich icccitey nussdrsepyon in Syi5. 4-5) 5, aiid feel Stade aloy Rola cu ae ae 2. 2. Locules of anthers distinct up to the appendage; appendages lanceolate or oblong-ovate, acuminate (Section 9. Belanthera Tljin) Nee Be + Locules of anthers united at least in upper part (see, however, the series Sogdianae Iljin of the section Kali Ulbrich); appendages Ola Nt CY SyuOD EUS Cima psitePn ie ic oS. eo nyt ewig Gis Seal ile eg eee ere 12. Diep UTM Ca FO ALTNG Gian: ‘ceete aye, Ge YRAROTIEC OMSL To ovale ue. wie we sh SE celui sisueun a cue ee 4, tice MOTACS SAMSON 2 be ey oe. Ded ameihie i le da etek wie heen Vesa toh Me iia 4) Monee ay eaten ate 6. 4. Buds obconical, densely clothed with loose tomentum; stems often dark drown; winlsS of perianthtorance Or Sanowine™. sya) 4 n eee eee nema PRE ue Meer estan Vs eee cits, Lae RmRere” 2. BEN dks Pn AME aU talc nce eva ates 70. S. gossypina Bge. + Plants different from above, aye Spreading bristlelike hairs..... 5D. 5. Plants farinose, sparsely covered with bristlelike articulate hairs; LEAVE SEA CULE — teens wave tO et op cack cone ney tee ee 69. S.forcipitata [ljin. + Plants not farinose, covered with long articulate bristles and numerous dense short silky hairs)" Leave's ODTWSISH 29.) a) face a cite uel) aoe ee IO GRE Spe et oP Ae oar RN i heh IRS hea a ee ARE 68. S. vvedenskyi Iljin et M. Pop. 6. Plants, especially the globular buds, covered with 2-pointed pellucid SCE TES Sn EAR A WR DIT Rie eee eh UN ee BE RM LM teh Wein Bos 2c he ta Plantce without Such iSeCallesors as gatas eo eu dee nie 2 te eee nee 3: 7. Stigmas subulate, acute. Caucasus....... 62. S. nodulosa (Moq.) Ijin. Tp Mors SIOa eis) OlSiRUISKeneM Gevaie ate) WANS nee ce Ale iineiny Of Siete 63. S. gemmascens Pall. 8. Plants pale green, glabrate; perianth glabrous; stigmas many Pmes tas Vlonerais Styler sr. ajscn uke 71. S. daghestanica (Turcz.) Lipsky. + Plants canescent; perianth hairy; stigmas slightly shorter than or Lao hi nme’ S ais) TOMO was: Ste ea tes caus Gel a a ic) venie ehla) sca dea, 9. 9. Plants fragile; appendages of anthers covered with obsolescent acute papillae; stems and leaves covered with short appressed hairs; SeéedSialiway S WertiCAe cic lads We tee scares Ml alge lol ce wale ae a se ec eee 10. * A plant name first used by Cesalpino, given, in allusion to salty taste,to Halogeton sativus which was earlier included in the genus Salsola (Ulbrich). 156 203 ey 14. fd. 20. 21. Plants not fragile; stems and leaves covered with branched aculeate haicss sceeds hopizontalsorn OMG R cet seein ccike se « ciieurey ie merece, ibe Leaves shortly dilated at base, constricted above the dilated part. COSC VON os ny Fouas Begg Banchectecdl feo ovis any ne SS Soot te apirss 65. S.aucheri (Mogq.) Bge. Leaves without constriction. Caucasus ........ 64. S. cana C. Koch. Stems and leaves covered with very short branched (substellate) ISIS AA a CRE A oe ea Sa ne oe Poe 67. S. stellulata Eug. Kor. Stems and leaves covered with longer subappressed aculeate hairs.... a a a St hi chil yen cole NRE Ns od ua ok pi noe Gan ew agdiye 66. S. takhtadshjanii Iljin. Leaves shortly dilated at base and constricted above the dilated part; anthers with small sessile scarious appendages (Section 5. Ancho- Mar MUR ag reais EIGN) ales ee a Ret see Wiech th by oe, <9 Mh ay cl sh 45" ide Bgl vabphen 2 1B: EERE SAN MEMO COMMS GR NCETON, «Saute. ( c).0 s: als ype, eee) othe ek Pacey a ot dice day fe 23. ME pe it Oe Oe ALOIS SNUG eas try Lasigend sala andi slalaarah. auians 0 init mm lod vin: pu eprigen iy on 14. Plants glabrous, or covered with stiff acute papillae or with short es Tent CHIARS a tat eo petteays a Vre mR fer sa te Micra Sule, G's A Rint Gey) a6 Pe coo i i, coils Bae LB Shoots of this genus simple; stigmas long, several times the length of the short style, long-villous, arched-recurved. Tadzhikistan ...... Ra RECN cRNA Yooire fet al oi ton as aS BCI ON Ry ra cai 47. S.baranovii Ijin. Shoots of the current year branched; stigmas short, thick, erect, short-villous, shorter than to as long as the style. Tien Shan ....... oS RS ig eR a nae aS ee 46. S. roshevitzii Ijin. Lobes of fruiting perianth tightly appressed to fruit, forming in the middle of the fruit a marked depression with a short central tubercle protruding above the lobes; stigmasobtuse... 42. S.chiwensis M. Pop. Lobes of fruiting perianth connivent into a short cone or appressed to the fruit in lower part and rosulately spreading above; stigmas ERO cs MMs. io ME ans bes hele RM ARM RENEok soe Wi ala) my aioe th ew a pe pemataees Ke, Perianthsegments pale, faintly yellowish or in the middle part BCU Mo AIs Wie OCCU ED Rien sayin Porhd coiitl we eet un TO Waele sailas iced » plow sipBieie! saith Se epboy = iis Perianth segments darkish, smoke-colored or smoky-roseate .... 20. Perianth including wings 5—7mm across; a fine shrublet with slender Fg TCM LENT te tite coe AEE «a, teas sa: oh 2a ao ce ee 40. S. montana Litw. Perianth including wings 8—14mm across; coarser undershrubs with SOMUCta GAT CIES 130 eie o.. a nahh AUER cals k Sf) soe tell e, (MMM temic 5 au ee ape rey Mrelh Lobes of fruiting perianth rising abruptly to a rather steep cone... 19. Lobes of fruiting perianth appressed in lower half to the fruit, scarious AMO MMOTe Or TESSeOlver Oe NE sc DONC as 6 site cok 2 lete s 37. S. arbuscula Pall. Dwarf plants, spiny-branched, mostly with whitish bark in the inflorescence; leaves pale green, short, clustered; perianth not nae" (wlarenaiNSyscancauglicioloiie, ge See 2 ee 39. S. laricifolia (Turcz.) Litw. Taller plants; axils of inflorescence green; leaves longer, glaucous; VOWS S ATCT ae Amaia tata “eign ah a chs 38. S. arbusculaeformis Drob. Leaves flat, 2—3 mm broad, densely covered with small sharp tubercles, the obtuse midrib prominent beneath..... 45. S.transhyrcanica Il]jin. Leaves terete to subtrigonous-terete, glabrous or minutely hirtellous ROUhE Oat Osta LNs UL Sa a a Le el pact aus Sh 2) eyes © 21. Small shrubs or undershrubs, to 50cm high; leaves 10—30mm long; perianth including wings 6—9mm in diameter. Stony habitats ....... BA CORRS bse ae es Sette tia oh Sora iS a tala Nah Baia Ot Oe 41. S.maracandica I[ljin. io 204 22. PAS Ie 27. 28. 29. 30. od. 32. Trees or tall shrubs; leaves subfiliform, 30—80mm long; perianth including wings 10—2\0 mm inidiameter. > Sands” asset ss ne eee 22. Arborescent plant with slender, strongly drooping, weeping branches; perianth including wings 15—20mm in diameter; wings pale, silky- MATS O US ie, cert aG nis 8.2 scar Arla comer eee eee: so bat ate Mn cae ete 44, S. palezkiana Litw. Branches not weeping; perianth including wings mostly 10—15 mm in diameter, rarely larger; wings mostly rosy-purple, rarely paler, Ssometinves Silky sgStrOUs. lees ees eels et ae, eee 43. S. richteri Kar. Plants glabrous or covered with short setaceous papillae; leaves acute or acuminate, but not terminating in a spine or bristle; anthers without scarious or bladdery appendages; stigmas enlarged and scarious at tips and here fimbriate-toothed (Section 6. Sphr agi- danthiu se tyin: 2S 8 o ke ees SR, Re i ee. ene 24. Leaves muticous or bristle-tipped or pungent (see, however, S. mutica, S.olgae, S.brachiata); stigmas not dilated at tips or, if dilated, them. the plants Tarinose:s ces 6p sit suey Si es | Acta ae oe el ac on a enna 28. Annuals; wings rather stoutly keeled, thus the perianth apparently Ste Matelkysoairayied sc scale catia see ents alta cme ae 51. S. iliensis Lipsky. Under shrubs or shrubs or low tteest. mye. nes twee eo eiteeg nia iene 25. Shoots, especially toward the ends, and leaves densely covered with barelyaperccepiuble Setiiorm papwliae 25 eae soe. a 50. S. hispidula Bge. DUCES and he AES) CLAD EOUS are el cial cite se Wer ue ceteen (ok Se europa iB det a ioe meer ene 26. Bracts and bracteoles much shorter than perianth; divaricately branching plantar "fit sns (ede e ah gceial ans bale ce ra atnanls, oc ete ee 2AT le Bracts and bracteoles equaling or surpassing the perianth; branches obliquely ascending; plants always glaucous...... 49. S. glauca M. B. Glaucous plants e005 ste ve 48. S. subaphylla subsp. strangulata Iljin. GreSen Te lankSe 04.) oe ue Mace I ees cert 48. S. subaphylla C. A. M. Annual plants; leaves bristle-tipped or mucronate, very rarely - obtuse in which case the leaves subclaviform; axillary clusters 3-flowered (S.mutica C.A.M.); anthers unappendaged, or with .ainute or firm sessile but not scarious appendages (Section 1. Kali CAcainss) siliariebyt sy eich cutie heh tee Rs eee ey age OR bmehi ME gS 29. Leaves always muticous (see, however, 5. o lg ae [ljin, S.brachiata 1A LS) ede meee eae ranean SPNE. en ae Nite MPN icicle d ete os 46. Lobes of fruiting perianth segments spiny-tipped or apiculate-spinous and gathered into a beak or soft but slenderly long-pointed ...... 30. Lobes of fruiting perianth segments muticous, soft, scarious, often apparently crumpled (see, however, S.tamariscina)......... 34. Plants densely chaffy-hispidulous; perianth segments stiff, cuspidate or short aeuiminate.,-SaltlenCOASE 2 li le eg 8 sea) eee kale 3. S. kali L. Plants glabrous or else roughened with papilliform tubercles or minutely hispidulous but not chaffy; perianth segments long-acuminate Be) geste ahr larrece ainibac eh rat te va aeigheape nese! Renae calle ot oars genial oe ge un ye ea tReet es ce oe Frovtmeeairhy, May to beginning o1 June ~. 0.0... - 6. S. praecox Litw. Briiline date, AGeUSE CO. SePLCMID ee cans lopieyei es cui veuceite. ait) epee conte aimee 32. Lobes of fruiting perianth soft; fruit including wings 15—18mm AEROS se AMMA wasay st come 8 ale caves Tote tees 9. S. tamamschjanae Il]jin. Lobes of fruiting perianth stiffly spinous; fruit including wings 6—12mm across. Central Asia and the Caspian coast of the CAUCASUS Me cn ek cee ahha ee cel cota n ra hee thie opel tat ia) eect telnet teh Rainier ete ae a newer eae ade 158 5) PLATE X. 1. Horaninovia ulicina Fisch. et Mey.: a) branch, b) inflorescence, c) flower, d) stamen.— 2. H.minor Fisch. et Mey.: a) branch, b) stamen.— 3. Biénertia cycloptera Bge.: perianth.— 4, Alexandra lehmanni Bge.— 5. Borszczowia aralo-caspica Bge.: a) branch, b) perianth. — 6. Arthrophytum iliense I[ljin: a) branch, b) fruiting perianth.— 17. A.subulifolium Schrenk. — 8. Iljinia regelii (Bge.) Eug.Kor.— 9. Haloxylon persicum Bge.: a) vegetative shoot, b) flowering branchlet, c) fruiting perianth.k— 10. H.aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin : vegetative shoot. 159 207 208 oe 34. 35. 36. athe 38. Leaves coriaceous, persistent, yellowish, vividly contrasting with the MOStly! pire pleTOte EOSeaAle ISLCMme ales = ie ey ee 7. S.paulseni Litw. Leaves soft, the lower mostly deciduous, darker; green plants....... shee kooeteine: Scena ese apis diya atten a Oralacon erin Mratne: Gira dl Tas Nemo si. Saw te. 8. S. pellucida Litw. Locules of anthers divergent right up to the appendage, this firm, ovate, sessile, concolor with anther, and mostly slightly recurved; young shootsicommion|ly,rultousstinged) |. iiiet tates + 3 a emenememen) 4: 32 white or roseate bladdery appendage borne on a very short stipe; stigmas subulate-filiform, 1—1.5 times as long as the style; seed horizontal. July — August. "Tugai'’ and solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.,Kyz K. Endemic. Described from the Amu Darya River delta near the Kok-uzyak irrigation channel. Type in Leningrad. 28. S. intricata Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, II (1936) 128. Annual, 15—45 cm high, divaricately branching from base, glaucous, covered in lower part with long spreading partly tangled often very dense, largely fugacious hairs, inupper part glabrate or merely with spreading hairs at the nodes; leaves alternate, very fleshy, obtuse, decurrent; bracteoles as long as or slightly shorter than perianth; flowers in loose spiciform inflorescences, subdistant in fruit; perianth segments glabrous, winged in fruit below the middle; wings broad, semiorbicular, roseate (always ?), overlapping, 2 or 3 narrower than the others; fruiting perianth including wings 15—17mm in diameter, the lobes forming a steep cone; anthers free to one-third, terminating in a bladdery globular to ovaloid- globular short-stipitate whitish or roseate appendage; stigmas subulate- filiform, 1—1.5 times as long as the style; seed horizontal. August. Solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Syr D. (Golodnaya Steppe). Endemic. Described from the Golodnaya Steppe, from the vicinity of Konnogvardeisk settlement. Type in Leningrad. 29. S.lachnophylla Iljin sp. nov. in Addenda V, p. 664. Annual to 30cm high, densely covered, especially in lower part, with soft somewhat tangled hairs forming a loose hairy coat, the hairs on the stem more spreading and without a lining; stem branching from base; branches equal, ascending, whitish, branched in turn; leaves obtuse, semiterete, 7—10mm long and 1 —1.5mm in diameter, slightly decurrent, spreading, the lower with a dense cottonwool-like coating of hairs; bracts slightly longer than bracteoles; perianth segments acute, scarious, hairy on the back; anthers linear, 2—2.5mm long, free in lower one-third, appendiculate, the globular bladdery appendages whitish-roseate, much broader than the anthers; stigmas subsessile. September. Solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Syr D. Endemic. Described from the Dal'verzinskaya Steppe between Lakes Vneshnoe and Koshkul'. Type in Leningrad. 30. S.minkvitziae Eug. Kor. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. As. Med. III—V (1924) 34. — Exs-? “Hl. fA. IM; fase.) 11L— Va no. 104. Annual, 15 —40cm high, branching from base, slightly glaucescent yellow- green, in lower part with long tangled partly fugacious hairs, in upper part with very short spreading partly fugacious hairs; leaves alternate, spreading, obtuse, decurrent; bracts and bracteoles subacute, equaling or slightly shorter than the perianth; flowers in a spiciform inflorescence; perianth segments acuminate, short-hairy, subsequently somewhat glabrescent, winged in fruit below the middle; wings scarious, mostly lurid or very faintly roseate, semiorbicular, 2 or 3 shorter than the rest, overlapping; fruiting perianth including wings 10—12 mm in diameter, 179 233 the lobes forming a central beak, this not constricted as in S.hepta- potamica; anthers often large, to 3 —4mm long, free below almost to the middle, terminating in a bladdery yellow globular-ovaloid short-stipitate appendage; stigmas subulate, 3—4 times as long as the style; seed horizontal. Solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Syr D. Endemic. Described from the Dzhizak District (Golodnaya Steppe), from the shores of Lake Tuzkan. Type in Tashkent; cotype in Leningrad. 31. S.turgaica Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS ser. 1, II (1936) 128. Annual, 10 —30cm high, bushy-branched from the base, with rather long approximate and mostly ascending lower branches, conspicuously glaucous, covered in lower part with long tangled fugacious hairs, in upper part glabrous or more rarely with localized very short spreading hairs; leaves alternate, fleshy, obtuse, decurrent, spreading; bracteoles ovate, mostly very slightly shorter than perianth; flowers in a spiciform inflorescence; perianth segments acuminate, commonly glabrous, winged in fruit at the middle; wings semiorbicular, overlapping, roseate or yellowish (2), two of them very narrow; fruiting perianth including wings 8—13mm in diameter, the lobes gently vaulted above the fruit, connivent above a constriction into a loose central beak not longer than the wings; anthers divergent in lower one-third to two-fifths, terminating in a yellow bladdery rather soft short-stipitate appendage; stigmas subulate, subsessile or more rarely style 3—4 times as long as stigma; seed horizontal. July —August. Solonetzes and solonchaks with solonetz characteristics, mostly in the midst of large sandy stretches. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Endemic. Described from the Malye Barsuki sands east of Kara-chokat, near the Ak-bulak spring. Type in Leningrad. Note. A related species (S.septentrionalis Iljin in herb.) apparently occurs in Semipalatinsk Region. It differs from S.turgaica and S.heptapotamica Iljin in that its stigmas are but 1 —1.5 times or two-thirds as long as style. Since the material relating to this species is very inadequate, we refrain for the time being from describing it together with other species of the cycle. 32. S. heptapotamica Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, III (1936). —S.obtusifolia Ijin (non Litw.) in herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. — Halimocnemis obtusifolia C. A.M. (Schrenk) in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. 1 (1843) 79.—Halogeton obtusifolius Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 834. Salsola sp. Bge. in Anab. rev. (1862) 73. Annual, 15 —40cm high, branching from base, yellowish-green, covered in lower part with long tangled fugacious hairs, in upper part glabrous; leaves alternate, fleshy, terete, decurrent, obtuse, at first covered with tangled hairs, becoming glabrous; bracts shorter than leaves, equaling or slightly surpassing the broadly lanceolate to oblong-ovate bracteoles, these very slightly shorter than perianth; flowers in a spiciform inflorescence; perianth segments lanceolate, acuminate, scarious, glabrous, winged in fruit below the middle; wings scarious, three of them reniform or semiorbicular, the two others narrowly spatulate or oblanceolate; 180 2 2 34 35 fruiting perianth including wings 10—12 mm in diameter, the lobes connivent at the center in a cone extending into a beak, this pale, constricted at the middle and scarious above the constriction; anthers divergent up to the middle, terminating in a bladdery ovoid or globular bright yellow appendage borne on a very short stipe and half as long as the anther; stigmas subulate, 2—3 times as long as style; seed horizontal. July —August. Solonchaks and takyrs, mostly in sandy areas. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the vicinity of Lake Alakul'. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species should actually be named S.obtusifolia Ijin, but this cannot be done since D. Litvinov, and subsequently various other authorities, have used this name for another species from Turkmenistan, erroneously considering C.A. Mayer's Halimocnemis obtusifolia as identical with the Transcaspian species. Thus S.obtusifolia Litw. is not the same as S.obtusifolia Iljin. 33. S.turcomanica Litw. in Sched. ad. Herb. Fl. Ross. II (1900) 10. — S.ferganica Drob. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. XVI (1916) 141. — S.crassa a pubescenti-lanuginosa C.A.M. (non Fenzl) in Eichw. Pl. casp.-cauc. (1831 —33) 35.—S.crassaa@ tomentosa Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 804. — Ic.: Eichw., l.c.,t. XXV (sub S.crassa); Drom, nlveata MPR no. 435. Annual, 10—30cm high; stem erect, commonly sparingly branching from base; lowest branches approximate, opposite, in candelabra-like arrangement; indument mostly consisting of appressed hairs interspersed with long articulate spreading ones, more rarely of appressed hairs alone (var.aequipila Iljin,1.c.), or else plants quite glabrous (var. glabra Iljin, 1. c.) or densely covered with long articulate spreading hairs (var. hirsutissima Iljin,l.c.); leaves opposite, linear, terete, fleshy, mucronate; bracts surpassing the bracteoles, these shorter than perianth; perianth segments dark narrowly lanceolate, hairy, winged in fruit; wings broad, bright purple or lemon-yellow or yellow with purple margins, turning brown; anthers with long narrow scarious spatulate appendage; stigmas sessile; seeds vertical. July—September. Solonetzes, solonetzic steppes, and gypsiferous clays; scattered, over considerable areas, sometimes in patches as dense pure stands. — European part: /Crim.; L. Don, lL. V:;> Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.; Wi Siberia: U. Tob. (S.), Irt.(S.); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Dzu.-Tarb. (rare); T. Sh. (rare), Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan), Syr D., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from the Lower Volga region. Type in London. Economic importance. This plant grows usually in large masses and provides good forage for camels, though only in fall and winter. Analyses of flowering plants from W. Kazakhstan plants (Gur'ev area) gave the following percentage composition: hygroscopic water 8.07; ash 21.27—23.19, cellulose 12169--13.16,. crude’ protein 11732)— b2931)* crude ‘fat 1.05 —1. 14; nitrogen-free extract 45.61 —49.58; starch equivalent 32.64 —35.51. 183 238 Fruiting specimens gave the following results: hygroscopic water 7.30, ash 20.04 —21.61, cellulose 15.77 —16.99, crude protein 9.56 —10.31, crude fat 2.31 —2.50, nitrogen-free extract 45.02 —48.59; starch equivalent 32.65 —34.72 (I. Larin). Analysis of plants from the Lower Volga region showed 33% ash, of this 66.5% water-soluble, consisting of K,SO, 88.690 g, Na,SO, 4.5256, NaCL 14.8193, Na,CO; 26.2634, free sodium bicarbonate 5.0580. The results for all plants from the same location were: 18.7% ash, of this water-soluble 63.5% with the following contents: K,SO, 8.6622, Na,SO, 2.7154, NaCl 19.4569, Na,CO, 24.0782, free sodium bicarbonate 3.7955 (Goebel). Plants from the Talas-Susamyr District of the Kirghiz ASSR gave the following percentage values for June and October specimens, respectively: hygroscopic water 6.62 and 7.98, ash 34.80 and 11.62, cellulose 11.35 and 20.15, crude protein 5.67 and 7.74, crude fat 2.82 and 2.71; nitrogen-free extract 38.79 and 49.80 (Abolin and Sovetkina). Section 5. ANCHOPHYLLUM Iljin (Section Arbuscula Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl. Pflanzenf. 16c, 1934, 565, p. p.). — Shrubs or trees; leaves shortly dilated at base, with a constriction above the dilated part; anthers with rather small scarious appendages; stigmas thickish, subulate or obtuse; seeds horizontal. Series 1. Arbusculae [Iljin. — Shoots mostly milky-white; shoots and leaves glabrous or hirtellous; perianth not hairy. 37. S. arbuscula Pall. It. I, app. (1771) 488; Tllustr. 25 (1803). —S.arbo- rescens L.f. Suppl. (1781) 173; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 816 (p. p.); Kryl.,, Fl. Zap. Sib: IV, 956; Shmal's., F1. 11, 382;; Il'in.in Fl. YugosVost- Wve 223.—S.arborescens var.rugosiuscula Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 185) (p-.p.)., = Ie:: Pall. tt. 1, t..G,f-1;,, lustr.,t.17;) Eichwapk eames casp., t.XXX; Paulsen, The Sec. Pamir Exp. (1912) f. 38. — Exs.: HFR no. 2243. Shrublet 20—100cm high, divaricately much branched, with light gray longitudinally fissured bark; young branches milky-white and smooth like the leaves (var.typica Litw. inSched. ad HFR, VIII (1922) 21=S.arbu- scula var. laeviuscula Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III (1851) 317, p. p.), or young branches hirtellous (var. hirta Litw.,l.c.,22); leaves alternate, narrowly linear, 5—35 mm long, thickish, pale green, constricted just above the base, obsoletely gibbous at the dilated white base, on elongated shoots commonly terminating in a short cartilaginous cusp, on reduced shoots shorter, clustered, muticous, all abscising at the constriction; bracts surpassing the bracteoles, these broad-ovate to semiorbicular, mucronate, broadly scarious-margined; flowers solitary; perianth segments membranous, obtuse, winged in fruit below the middle; wings semiorbicular or narrower, scarious, slightly yellowish with a faint rosy flush, often slightly hairy; fruiting perianth including wings 8—12mm across; the lobes gradually dilated toward apex, near the wings closely adherent to the fruit, in upper part rosulately expanded and sometimes reflexed; anthers with an oblong-ovate or lanceolate appendage; stigmas subulate, enlarged below and flat, 2—4 times as long as or more rarely equaling the style. July—September. (Plate XI, Figure 9). 184 39 Desert plant communities on sands and solonetz soils, shallow hummocky sands, gravelly and chalky slopes, and more rarely on rocks; scattered over considerable areas. — European part: L. V.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., Syr D., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Iran., Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from the Lake Inder area. Type in London. Note. The species from Uzbekistan (Mel'nikovo station), established by R. Abolin and E. Korovin, 8.spinifera Abolin et Eug. Korov., is probably merely a form of the species S.arbuscula Pall. with flowering branchlets closely beset with flowers and often deflexed; the plant is not spiniferous as the name would imply. Economic importance. The plant is of considerable importance in desert areas as a source of fuel and as winter forage for sheep and camels, available even in cases of heavy snowfall. Analysis of flowering plants from W. Kazakhstan gave the following percentage results (averages of two analyses from Ust-Urt and Kyzyl-Orda): hygroscopic water 6.19, ash 26.07, cellulose 9.54, crude protein 8.94, albumin 6.25, crude fat 1.24, nitrogen-free extract 48.05; starch equivalent 33.54 (I. Larin). The tips of shoots before flowering of Turkestan plants showed 9.16% of hygroscopic water on dry weight basis and, in percentages of absolutely dry weight: crude protein 8.04, crude cellulose 30.31, crude fat 3.00, total ash 14.72, nitrogen-free extract 43.93, albumin 5.59.. The plant is used for hide tanning (Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko). 38. S. arbusculaeformis Drob. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. XVI (1916) 142. Shrublet 20 —50cm high, much branched, with light gray bark; annotinous shoots white, glabrous and smooth (f. glabra Iljin), or shoot and leaves minutely hirtellous (f.hirta Ijin); leaves alternate, narrowly linear, 10 —35 mm long, thickish, terete or subtrigonous-terete, mostly obtusish, dull and commonly glaucous; bracts shorter than leaves, surpassing the broad, obtuse, often suborbicular scarious-margined bracteoles; flowers solitary, in a spiciform inflorescence, greatly exceeding the bracteoles; perianth segments glabrous, pale yellowish, obtuse, scarious-margined, winged in fruit at the middle; wings scarious, reniform, some much narrower, mostly roseate or pale yellow; fruiting perianth including wings 8— 14mm across, the lobes connivent in a steep cone, in lower part adherent to fruit as in S.arbuscula and not spreading; anthers separated to the middle or deeper, terminating in a sessile oblong to subovate ) appendage; stigmas broad, flat, gradually attenuate toward apex, 1.2 —2 times as long as the style or of almost equal length. August —September. (Plate XI, Figure 10). Gravelly debris cones, gravelly and stony slopes of coniform hills and of mountains. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (in isolated patches), PaSh!(E:). Pam.-Al.(E.), Syr D., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the foothills of the Alai Range between Dzhul'ga village and Muyan. Type in Leningrad. 39. S. laricifolia (Turcz.) Litw. in Sched ad Herb. Fl. Ross., VIII (1922) 22.—Halimocnemis laricifolia Turcz. in Sched., in Herb. Bot. Inst. Ac. Sc. URSS. — Ie.: Drobov in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. t. XVI, f.1—6; Korovin, Rast. Sr. Az.132; Acta Univ. As. Med. Ser VIII-b, 21, f. 5. 185 240 241 Undershrub 10—30cm high, in lower woody part profusely cespitose- ramose; branches covered with gray longitudinally fissured bark; annotinous shoots often milky-white; leaves thickish, terete, 5—20mm long, mostly obtusish, pale green, clustered, on elongated shoots solitary; bracts shorter, surpassing the obtuse semiorbicular bracteoles; flowers smaller than those of the preceding species, surpassing the bracteoles; perianth segments glabrous, lurid or at the center greenish, obtuse, connivent in a cone, winged in fruit; wings mostly reniform, on segments much narrower, scarious, yellowish or faintly roseate. Gravelly and stony slopes and clayey-solonetzic desert steppes. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz.K., Kara K., Syr D., T. Sh., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from Mongolia. Type in Leningrad. Note. A species closely related to the preceding; distinguishable chiefly by the smaller flowers, short greener leaves, and the thorny habit. It may be merely an ecological form of S.laricifolia. The species established by E. P. Korovin from R. Abolin's collections from the Toguz- Toraus district, S.aboloni Eug. Kor., should probably be referred either HON Se Weve er) Ih ake) (Turcz.) Litw. or to S.arbusculaeformis Drob. 40. S. montana Litw., a new mountain saltwort from Russian Turkestan. Petrograd (1917) Shia Cees wel er Shrublet, 40 — 70cm high, much branched, with light gray woody branches and milky-white glabrous smooth shoots; leaves alternate, semiterete, 5 —20mm long, obtusish, somewhat convex beneath, almost flat above, dilated at base and constricted above the dilated part, readily falling at the constriction, glabrous, spreading; bracts shorter, surpassing the bracteoles and perianth (except perhaps the uppermost); bracteoles semiorbicular, scarious except for the thickish green back, much shorter than flower; flowers numerous, solitary in the axils, forming a spiciform inflorescence; perianth segments obtusely rounded, white-hyaline-margined, winged in fruit at or just above the middle; wings suborbicular to broadly obovate, thinly scarious, lurid; fruiting perianth including wings 5—7mm across, the lobes connivent in a rather short gently sloping cone with a central orifice for the exserted filaments; anthers separated beyond the middle to two-thirds of their length, terminating in a small sessile obtuse ovate appendage. Stigmas flat, relatively long, on a very short style or almost sessile. August. Crags. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Lyangar. Type in Leningrad. 41. S.maracandica Iljin in Journ. Bot. de 1'URSS, XVIII, 4 (1933) 176. Undershrub, 25 —70cm high, much branched especially in lower part, with light gray bark; annotinous shoots whitish, glabrous, the growth of the current year whitish in lower part, the upper part green and glabrous; leaves alternate, semiterete, narrowly linear, 10 —30mm long, obtuse, glaucescent, glabrous, more or less spreading, the upper ones mostly upcurved, on the whitish portions of shoots dilated at base and constricted above the dilated part, falling readily at the constriction, on the green upper shoots without constriction; bracts leaflike, much longer than bracteoles, 5402 186 these broad-ovate, scarious, with a broad obtuse green keel; flowers solitary in a spiciform inflorescence, greatly exceeding the bracteoles; perianth segments smoky -roseate, scarious, ovate, obtuse, winged in fruit at the middle; wings semiorbicular, thinly scarious, overlapping, bright, purple; fruiting perianth including wings 6—9mm across, the lobes broadly triangular, scarious-margined, rather loosely connivent in fruit into a gently sloping fairly short cone; anthers divergent in lower part at least to the middle, terminating in a minute dotlike or ovate sessile appendage; stigmas subulate, flattish in lower part, several times as long as style, sometimes almost sessile. July — August. Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Zeravshan River valley between Zakhmat-abad and Oburdon. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species may be merely a western race of S.montana Litw. 42. S.chiwensis M. Pop. in Pochv. issl. v bass. r. Syr-Dar'i i Amu-Dar'i, 1 (1915) 49; in O. et B. Fedtsch. Consp. Fl. turk. VI (1916) 355.— Haloxylon ehiwerrsie WEsPop:, 1) ec tArthrophy tum ehiwemsie: MiPop., lee. Undershrub, 30—60cm high, much branched, finger-thick in the woody part, with pale gray longitudinally fissured bark; one-year-old shoots whitish, glabrous, and smooth; leaves alternate, often fleshy, subclavate, obtuse, slightly narrowing toward base, glaucescent, glabrous, spreading and mostly somewhat arched-upcurved; bracts leaflike, much longer than the semiorbicular narrowly scarious-margined bracteoles; flowers solitary in compact spiciform inflorescences; perianth segments glabrous, winged in fruit; wings faintly yellowish, sometimes rosy-tinged at base, semipellucid, mostly three of them broader, reniform or broadly obovate, two often reduced to narrow appendages; fruiting perianth including wings 7—10mm across; the lobes appressed to fruit and connivent, caving in from the periphery toward the center, the tips forming a short tubercle at the center of the cavity; filaments long; anthers divergent nearly up to the middle, terminating in small scarious colorless oval appendage; anther 5 —6 times longer than the appendage; stigmas thick, flat, obtuse, as long as the style. Marl slopes. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.(S.). Endemic. Described from Charyshly well in S. Ust-Urt. Type in Leningrad. Note. Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenf. 16 c (1934) 563, refers this species quite unjustifiably to Seidlitzia rosmarinus (Ehrh.) Bge. 242 43. S. richteri Karel. in Sched. ex Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 185; Litw.in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Ross. VIII (1922) 22. —S.arborescens var. richteri Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 185 (sphalmate 'Richleri"). — S. arbuscula var. angustifolia Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 817 et auct. plur.— S.arbusculay C.A.M. in Eichw. pl. casp.-cauc. (1831—33) 7.—S.arborescens £8 glabrescens Moq.,l.c.,185.— S.exasperatay C.A.M.,l.c.,7.—Ic.: Eichw., l. c.,t. XXXI; Paulsen, The Sec. Pamir Exp. (1912) fies Ass bass.) He Rino: (529 (sub S.arbuscula var. angust ifolia), 2567, 2781,and2568 (var.androssowi). Vernacular name: cherkez. 187 Tree or tall shrub with light gray bark; ultimate branches milky-white, smooth, glabrous or, like the leaves, minutely hirtellous (var.glabrescens Litw. in Sched. ad HFR, VIII (1922) 198), often very densely hirtellous with admixture of glandular hairs (var.androssowi Litw.,l.c., 91); leaves alternate, terete, subfiliform, 40—80mm long, terminating in a short cartilaginous cusp, at the dilated base gibbous and whitish; bracteoles much shorter than leaves and flowers, semiorbicular, broadly scarious- margined, mucronulate; flowers solitary; perianth segments broadly lanceolate, darkish or smoky, acute or mucronulate from an obtuse apex, narrowly scarious-margined, stiffish, glabrous or scabrous, winged in fruit below the middle; wings scarious, at first reddish, becoming smoky or almost colorless, two of them reniform, the others obovate to linear; fruiting perianth including wings 10—15 (rarely 20) mmacross; the lobes above the wings vaulted and connivent into a rather loose beak; anthers divergent to beyond the middle, terminating in a sessile oblong to oblong-ovate yellowish appendage; stigmas flat, acuminate, 1.5—3 times as long as or rarely about equaling the style. June—September. (Plate XI, Figure nye Steppe plant communities in sands and on sandhills. — Centr. Asia: Kyz. K., Kara K., Amu D. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Turkmenistan. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. The plant is of importance for consolidation of shifting sands and for ornamental use. According to Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko it is eaten by camels all the year round, and by sheep and horses in fall and winter. Branches of Turkmenian plants before flowering were shown to contain 7—14% hygroscopic water and the following constituents in percentages of dry weight: total ash 18.32, crude protein 29.58, crude fat 2.92, crude cellulose 12.22, nitrogen-free extract 36.95, albumin 20.75. The plant contains the alkaloid salsolin, C49H49 (NH) (OH) (OCH;) (Orekhov). The fresh foliage yields a brown dye. The young shoots are used for soap making (I. Linchevskii). 44. S. paletzkiana Litw. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Ross. VIII (1922) 91. — Ic.: Litw., l.c.,t.1V and V; Korovin, Rast. Sr. Az. 65.— Exs: HFR no. 2569. Tree to 3—4m high, many-stemmed, profusely branched; ultimate branches very slender and long, milky-white, glabrous, smooth; bark of older branches light brownish-gray; wood black; leaves alternate, semiterete, thin, linear, 30 —70mm long, mucronulate, glabrous; bracts leaflike; bracteoles short, suborbicular, about equaling the flowering perianth, scarious-margined, abruptly attenuate to thickish cusp ca. 2—3mm long; perianth segments lanceolate, acuminate, dark, narrowly scarious- margined, glabrous in fruit clustered at center and winged below the middle; wings large, light-colored, subpellucid, silky-lustrous, flabellate; perianth including wings 15—20mm across; anthers strongly divergent beyond the middle, borne on flat linear filaments, terminating in a narrowly lanceolate pale appendage to 1mm long; stigmas flat and glabrous, two-thirds as long as to equaling the thick style. June —August. Sands. — Centr. Asia: Kara K., Amu D. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Farab railroad station (Turkmenistan). Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Used for sand fixation. The sap extracted from the black wood is used for blackening various articles. An ornamental tree of Turkmenistan gardens. Fresh foliage yields a black dye. 188 244 45. S.transhyrcanica Iljin in Journ. Bot. de 1'URSS XVIII, 4 (1933) 277. — S.exasperata @ C.A.M. in Eichw. FI. casp.-cauc. (1831 —33) 7.— S.arbusculaa@ C.A.M.,l.c.,36.—S.arbuscula @exasperata Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 2 (1851) 817.—S.arborescensa rugosiuscula Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 185 (p. p.). —Ic.: Eichw., l.c., tab. 29. Shrublet 40—70cm high, with light gray bark, divaricately branched; young shoots whitish, covered with acute warts; leaves alternate, linear, rather thick and flattish, verrucose like the shoots, 2—3mm broad, witha prominent midrib beneath, terminating in a sharp cartilaginous cusp or submuticous; bracteoles broad, obtusely keeled, densely pustulose, shorter than flower; flowers solitary; perianth segments stiffish, obtuse, narrowly scarious-margined, scaberulous, obsoletely denticulate in lower half, winged in fruit below the middle; wings yellowish, scarious, reniform or broadly obovate, two of them narrower; fruiting perianth including wings 10—13mm across; the connivent lobes gently vaulting, their tips rising in a central beak; stigmas subulate, as long as or slightly longer than the style. (Plate XI, Figure 12). Central Asia: Kara K. (Krasnovodsk, Cheleken Island). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Krasnovodsk. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Roshevitziae Iljin. — Shoots and leaves hairy; perianth hairy. 46. S. roshevitzii Iljin in Journ. Bot. de 1'URSS, XVIII, 4 (1933) 277. Undershrub ca. 25 —40cm high, with light-colored sparingly pubescent or glabrate shoots; leaves alternate, narrowly linear or almost semiterete, 0.75 —2mm broad, obtusish, dilated at the very base and slightly constricted above, sparingly covered with short hairs, incurved; bracts much longer than flowers, surpassing the bracteoles usually arched-upcurved above the enlarged base; bracteoles broad in lower half, keeled, scarious-margined, in upper part abruptly constricted into terete and more or less incurved tips, surpassing the flowers; perianth segments hairy, obtusish, winged in fruit; wings scarious, semiorbicular or broadly obovate, overlapping; fruiting perianth including wings 7— 10mm in diameter, the lobes connivent into a short steep cone open at the summit; anthers divergent up to the middle, terminating in a small scarious oval appendage; stigmas thickish, obtusish, villous on the inside, as long as or slightly shorter than the style. July — August. Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Endemic. Described from the Naryn River valley. Type in Leningrad. 47. S.baranovii Ijin sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 664. Undershrub, 12 —15 cm high, with a stout woody root; serial branches abbreviated, stout, woody, profusely beset with dormant buds and bearing short slender branchlets of the preceding year as well as fruiting or vegetative shoots of the current year; stems of the current year simple, slender, 1—1.5mm in diameter, loosely covered with short slender implexed hairs; leaves linear, semiterete, 8—12mm long and ca. 1 mm broad, obtuse, dilated at base and very slightly constricted above the dilated part, readily falling at the constriction, rather densely covered with slender subappressed upright hairs; axillary branchlets much reduced and resembling a bunch 189 245 of leaves, obliquely ascending; bracts greatly surpassing the flower, linear, arched-incurved; bracteoles dilated below, somewhat longer than flowers; inflorescence spiciform; flowers solitary in the axils; perianth segments obtuse, broadly scarious-margined, covered especially at tips with flexuous hairs, connivent into a gently sloping cone, winged in fruit at the middle; wings thinly scarious, entire, somewhat overlapping, mostly those of two segments semiorbicular, the others obovate to broadly obovate, at first suberect, subsequently expanded, purple (always ?); perianth including wings ca.8—10mm in diameter; anthers divergent below up to the middle or beyond, terminating in a small whitish obtuse tuberculate appendage; style ca.0.5mm long; stigmas filiform, heavily villous, 1.75 —2 mm long, arched-recurved. Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Alai Valley, from the Dzhangali natural boundary area along the Kyzyl-su River. Type in Tashkent. Section 6. SPHRAGIDANTHUS Iljin. — Section Arbuscula Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl. Pflanzenf. 16c. (1934) 565 (p. p.) and section Pseudo- noaea Ulbrich, l.c., 566 (p. p.). — Plants glabrous or covered with short bristles but with no true hairs; leaves acute; fruiting perianth readily caducous; anthers passing imperceptibly into a sessile firm obtuse appendage, the stamens thus apparently unappendaged; stigmas scariously enlarged at tips, their margins crenulate; seeds horizontal. 48. S. subaphylla C. A. M. in Eichw. Pl. casp.-cauc. (1831 —33) 34; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 818. — Caroxylon subaphyllum Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 173. —Ic.: Eichw.,1.c., XXIV; Paulsen, The Sec. Pamir Exp. (1912) f.13. — Exs.: HFR no. 584 et 2782; H.F.A.M.no.116; pl. turk. edSH.-B? PV nol3s: Undershrub or shrub 30—12Ucm high; stems covered with light gray longitudinally fissured bark, profusely branched, glabrous, pale green or rarely glaucescent, commonly diffusely pustulose; branches mostly spreading; leaves alternate, thickish, linear-terete, sessile, acute, spreading; bracts short, the upper broadly ovate or orbicular and then equaling or shorter than the orbicular scarious-margined carinate bracteoles; flowers solitary in spiciform inflorescences disposed ina panicle; perianth glabrous, exceeding the bracteoles; perianth segments oblong-ovate, broadly scarious-margined, obtuse, winged in fruit below the middle; wings semipellucid, reniform or orbicular or obovate (more rarely some of the wings narrower), mostly overlapping, colorless or roseate, the margins somewhat reflexed; fruiting perianth including wings ca. 10—20mm across, the lobes above the wings connivent and forming a gently sloping cone; filaments linear, slightly dilated toward base; anthers unappendaged, fused in a circle, divergent up to the middle; stigmas flat, broad, enlarged at the end and crenulate at the summit, subsessile or borne on a short thick style. May—July. (Plate XI, Figure 13). Sands, argillaceous and gravelly solonetz slopes, and solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (S.), Balkh. (W.), Kara K., Kyz. K., Mtn. Turkm., 190 147 Amu D.,Syr D. Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from Dagoda Island in Balkhan Bay [part of Krasnovodsk Gulf] in the Caspian Sea, near Krasnovodsk. Type in Leningrad. Note. An exceedingly polymorphic species, occurring under a great variety of ecological conditions. At least three races may be discerned. The most northerly race is characterized by a slight constriction between stigma and style discernible in specimens that are past the flowering stage; it occurs intheKyzyl-Kum, W. Balkhash, and Fergana areas; it is either light green or glaucous (subsp. strangulata Iljin), the latter predominant in the Fergana Valley. Among the more southerly races of lower stature and with imperceptible transition from stigma to style, two forms are readily distinguishable: one associated with gravelly solonchaks, lower in growth, suffrutescent, divaricately much branched, with compact spiciform inflorescences, has fruits with mostly drooping wings (var.typica Drob. in Sched. ad HFR, VIII (1922) 199); the other, an arenarious shrub to 150—200cm high, with looser spikes, has fruits with almost straight or slightly pubescent-margined wings (var.arenaria Drob., l.c.=S.arenaria Iljin in herb.). Economic importance. The plant is of importance for fixation of shifting sands. According to Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko, it is eaten by camels and sheep all the year round, though more particularly in fall and winter. Plants from Turkmenistan were found to contain 10.40% of hygroscopic water, and in percentages of absolutely dry weight, crude protein 22.99, crude cellulose 19.60, crude fat 4.01, ash 27.29, nitrogen-free extract 26.11, albumin 15.10. Orekhov reports that the plant contains the alkaloid salsolin. The shoots are used for potash extraction (M. Petrov). 49. S. glauca M. B. Tabl. d. Prov. occ. casp. (1798) 112; Beschreib. casp. (1800) 144; Fl. taur.-cauc. 1 (1808) 185; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 818. — S.spicata Pall. (non Willd.) Illustr. (1803) 27.—Caroxylon glaucum Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 173. — Ic.: Pall., l.c.,t.19.— Exs.: FI. cauc. exs. no. 341; Sintenis It. transcasp.-pers. no. 860a. Undershrub, 30 — 75 cm high, distinctly glaucous, with gray woody branches from base; shoots branched, glabrous, the branches obliquely ascending; leaves alternate, terete, convex beneath, flattish above, sessile, acute, mostly somewhat upcurved; bracts broader at base, as long as or more commonly surpassing the perianth; bracteoles in lower part mostly broad-ovate or broader and scarious-margined, in upper part tapering to a slender tip, also about the length of perianth; flowers in a spiciform inflorescence; perianth segments glabrous, scarious-margined, winged in fruit below the middle; wings broadly obovate, overlapping, faintly yellowish or more rarely pale roseate; fruiting perianth including wings 10—15 mm across; lobes above the wings connivent, forming a rather compact cone; filaments linear, dilated toward base; anther divergent below the middle, terminating in an obsolescent oblong obtuse sessile appendage; stigmas flat, enlarged at the end, with scarious crenulate summit, glabrous, half as long as to longer than the style. May—July. Gypsiferous Tertiary clays, takyrs, and gravelly gypsiferous slopes; growing in groups. — Caucasus: E.and S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (E.), 191 Syr D., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the Caucasus (in the first study "inter Kubam et veterem Schamachin," in the second "Kurt-Bulak"). Type in Leningrad. Note. The species reported by Drobov for the Ichkele-tau mountains (Kazakhstan), S.planistigma Drob. does not, in our opinion, differ in any way from S.glauca M.B. Economic importance. According to I. A. Linchevskii, this is a forage plant. 50. S. hispidula Bge. in A. H. P. VI, 2 (1880) 437.—S. glauca var. hispidula Litw. in herb. Bot. Inst. Ac. Sc. URSS.— Caroxylon hispi- dulum Bge. in Reliq. Lehm. (1851) 293. — Exs.: Sintenis, It. transcasp. -pers. no. 1058a. Undershrub, 30—60cm high, branching, mostly with several stems, glaucous, densely covered with minute scales visible only with the aid of a magnifier; leaves alternate, semiterete, sessile, acute; bracts and the broader bracteoles mostly slightly shorter than perianth; perianth segments glabrous or mostly hispidulous, scarious-margined, winged in fruit; wings mostly pale, overlapping, broadly obovate or even broader; fruiting perianth including wings 10—15mm across, the lobes connivent into a cone; filaments linear; anthers divergent at least up to the middle; appendages not readily distinguishable from the anther, obtusish; stigmas flat, enlarged at the end with crenulate summit, as long as or longer than the often very short style. May—July. Takyrs, argillaceous solonetz habitats, gravelly and sand-and-gravel slopes. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Ust-Urt), T. Sh. (Taldy-Kurgan), Kyz. K., Mtn. Turkm., Syr D. Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from the Kyzyl-Kum Desert. Type in Paris; cotype in Leningrad. 51. S.iliensis Lipsky in A. H. P. XXXII, 1 (1912) 6. — Exs.: Pl. turk. ed. H. B. P. fase. 1, no. 9. Annual, 10 —40cm high, branching from base, intensely glaucous, glabrous, mostly diffusely pustulose; branches long, widely spreading; leaves alternate, slender, linear-filiform, semiterete, in lower part narrowly scarious-margined, acute or terminating in a minute caducous mucro, spreading and commonly recurved; bracts shorter and broader than the leaves, equaling or scarcely longer than broad-ovate taper-tipped bracteoles and like these expanded in fruit; flowers solitary, forming a spiciform inflorescence; perianth segments broadly scarious-margined, glabrous, obtuse, commonly crenulate at apex, winged in fruit; wings subequal, broadly obovate to suborbicular, semipellucid, yellowish, very rarely rosy -tinged, overlapping, distinctly nerved; fruiting perianth including wings 10—15mm across, the lobes much thickened and indurated about the keel, connivent at center in a cone and stellately 5-rayed in dorsal view, the rays formed by the keels of the lobes prolonged by the thickened ridges of the wings; filaments broadly linear; anthers divergent nearly to the middle; terminating in a firm yellowish or whitish oblong-ovate to broadly lanceolate appendage; stigmas broad, concave on the inside, glabrous outside, enlarged at the scarious fringed-incised summit, 1.5 —2 times the length of the style. May. (Plate XII, Figure 5). We 49) PLATE XII. 1. Salsola gossypina Bge.: a) branch, b) flower.— 2. Horaninowia excellens Ijin: inflorescence.— 3. Salsola aperta Pauls.: inflorescence.— 4. S.rosacea L.: same.— 5. S-iliensis Lipsky: same.— 6. S.sogdiana Bge.: same.— 7. Aellenia auricula (Moq.) Ulbrich: same.— 8. Salsola komarovii Ijin: a) inflorescence, b) flower in fruiting condition.— 9. S.longi- stylosa Ijin: fragment of inflorescence. 193 201 Sands, pebbly places, solonchak habitats; sometimes ruderal. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., Kyz.K., Amu D., Syr D. Endemic. Described from the Lake Balkhash area (Ili River). Type in Leningrad. Section 7. CAROXYLON (Thunb.) Ijin — Caroxylon Thunb. Nov. gen. pl. II (1782) 37; Caroxylon Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 172 (pro parte). — Section Nitraria Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenf. 16c (1934) 564 (p. p.). — Section Ericoides Ulbrich, 1.c., 565 (p.p.). — Section Pseudonoaea Ulbrich, l. c., 566 (p. p.). — Bracts and partly leaves minutely gibbous and half-clasping at base; anthers unappendaged or with an obsolescent sessile appendage, the locules fused in upper part; stigmas subulate or filiform; seeds horizontal. Series 1. Rigidae Iljin. — Plants destitute of long implexed hairs in lower part; leaves not deciduous. 52. S. rigida Pall. Illustr. (1803) 20; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 809. — S.orientalis S.G.Gmel. It. IV (1784) 47 (nomen). — Ic.: Pall. Illustr., t.12; Gmel.,l.c.,t.5; Paulsen in Olufsen, The Sec. Pamir Exp. (1912) £40 a> Exse: HFR no. 93035 UHL EA. Mme. 115: Undershrub, 15 —50cm high, divaricately much branched from base; branches rough, rigid, woody; annotinous shoots elongated, covered with short crisp hairs and long straight ones, heavily woolly when young (var. vestita Fenzl in Ldb., l. c.), later often somewhat glabrescent (var. calvescens Fenzl, l. c.); leaves alternate, linear, almost semiterete, obtuse, very slightly dilated and subappressed-hairy at base; bracteoles broad, obtusely keeled, scarious-margined; flowers solitary in a broadly paniculate inflorescence; perianth segments ovate, scarious-margined, hairy, rarely becoming glabrate in fruit, winged at the middle; wings reniform (purple? or roseate? or possibly yellowish turning brown or dark-colored); perianth including wings 7—10mm across, connivent | above the wings into a loose gently sloping cone; anthers obsoletely appendiculate; stigmas short, thickish, flat, villous on the inside, mostly half as long as the thick style. July —September. Gravelly and argillaceous solonchak deserts, and takyrs; scattered or in groups. — Caucasus: Dag.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D. Gen. distr.: Iran, Dzu.-Kash. Described from the vicinity of Lake Inder. Gmelin reports it from the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. An important source of fuel in desert regions. Eaten by all kinds of livestock, but of particular value as winter feed for camels, sheep, and goats. Analysis of fruit-bearing plants from the Ust-Urt Plateau gave the following percentage composition for the whole aerial part: hygroscopic water 5.45; ash 14.24—15.06, cellulose 16.94 —17.92, crude protein 7.98 —8.44, albumin 6.16 —6.56, amides 0.16 —0.17, crude fat 1.82 —1.92, nitrogen-free extract 53.57 —56.66, soluble carbohydrates 0.55 —0.59 and 1.42 —1.52 before and after inversions, respectively; starch equivalent 36.88 —39.02 (I. Larin). 194 i 252 253 Shoots of flowering plants from Turkmenistan contained 6.52% hygroscopic water in air-dry material; the percentage composition on an absolutely dry weight basis was: crude protein 11.06, albumin 10.62, crude fat 1.32, nitrogen-free extract 44.21, crude cellulose 17.36, ash 26.05 (Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko). A similar analysis, by Abolin and Sovetkina, of plants from the Talas-Susamyr District of the Kirghiz ASSR gave the following results for June and September specimens, respectively: hygroscopic water 6.60, 6.68, ash 26.42, 23.82, cellulose 20.28, 15.77, crude protein 13.74, 5.62, crude fat 1.65, 1.79, nitrogen-free extract ajegly 41.12. 53. S. dshungarica Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, II (1936) 129. Undershrub, 10—30cm high; stem short, stout, branched at the top; shoots numerous, simple or with subappressed branches in upper part, whitish, covered with short crisp hairs; leaves alternate, terete, obtuse, 5—10mm long, obliquely ascending, covered with half-spreading articulate obliquely ascending hairs, the abbreviated branchlets in their axils bearing straight divaricately spreading leaves; bracts lanceolate to ovate, in the middle and upper part of the spiciform or paniculate-spiciform inflorescence as long as or very Slightly shorter than bracteoles, these broad-ovate, scarious-margined, and as long as or but slightly shorter than flowers; perianth segments ovate, obtuse, membranous except for the green center, ciliate-hairy at apex, in fruit glabrate and winged above the middle; wings membranous, reniform to obovate, roseate or yellowish; fruiting perianth including wings 3—6mm across, the lobes closely connivent into a cone; anthers unappendaged; stigmas sublinear-subulate, distinctly villous on the inside, as long as the style. August. Wormwood-and-saltwort steppes. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala Tau), T. Sh. (E.).. Endemic. Described from Tien Shan, the [former] Frunze and Kara-Kenchinskii districts, and the Kashka-Terek River area. Type in Leningrad. 54. S.laricina Pall. Illustr. (1803) 21 (excl. syn. I. Gmel.); Fenzl in idb. bP LaRossillh, 6113 1Shmal'e. 4. 11, 382s. Tlinjin wl. Yugo Most. IV .22h6— S.laricina var.villosa Fenzl, l.c.,812.—S.vermiculata var. laricina Mog. Enum. (1840) 141.—S.vermiculata Bge. Relig. Lehm. (1851) 295; Fenzl, 1. c., 810 et auct. plur. ross.,non L.—Ic.: Pall.,l.c., t.13.— Exs.: HFR no. 2441. Undershrub, 20—60cm high, divaricately branched in lower part, the woody branchlets tubercled by scars of fallen leaf clusters; annotinous shoots erect or ascending, at first densely hairy like the leaves, subsequently glabrate or covered with short crisp hairs interspersed with long ones; leaves alternate in clusters on reduced axillary branchlets, linear, subterete, 5—10mm long, obtusish, very slightly dilated at base, persistent when plant in fruit, green; bracts ovate, obtusely keeled, as long as or slightly shorter than the bracts, these orbicular or rounded-ovate, slightly shorter than flowers; flowers solitary in a paniculate inflorescence; perianth segments ovate, obtuse, mostly crenulate and ciliate, herbaceous in middle part, winged in fruit; wings rather small, reniform or round, the 195 254 lobes convergent above the wings; anthers obsoletely appendiculate; stigmas short, long-ciliate, as long as the thickish style; seeds ca. 1.5mm in diameter. July—September. Solonetzes, solonetzic steppes, and chalk outcrops; scattered, mostly over considerable areas. — European part: BI. (S.: Perekop), Crim., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transe.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (S.), Irt. (S.); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Endemic. Described from the Caspian Desert of the Lower Volga region (earliest report). Type in London. Economic importance. The ash of this plant yields soda; young shoots are used for food; the plant provides winter forage for livestock (Rollov). The ash content amounts to 7.1% of dry weight and has the following composition: K,SO, 9.4150 g, Na,SO, 7.1378, NaCl 12.3663, Na,CO, 6.8986, free sodium bicarbonate 2.7346; acids: SO, 8.3352 g, CO, 2.8577, Cl 7.4626; bases: K 5.0902, Na 16.4931 (Goebel). Series 2. Nitrariae Iljin. — Plants covered in lower part with long implexed hairs, often glabrescent; leaves deciduous except the floral. 55. S.nitraria Pall, Illustr. (1803) 23; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 955; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 219.—S.spissa M.B. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1 (1806) 140;> Fenzl invidb? FS Ross) lly 808;Shmals: PI 381)— leh Pallaieer t.15; Paulsen, The Sec. Pamir Exp.(1912) f. 8. — Exs.: HFR no. 2435. Annual, 5 —40cm high, with numerous elongated obliquely ascending branches, grayish by rather sparse and relatively short crisp hairs interspersed with articulate long ones especially in the lower part of young specimens, finally glabrate; leaves alternate, fleshy, terete, short, obtuse, sessile, soon deciduous; bracts broad-ovate, persistent; bracteoles rounded-oval, scarious-margined, about as long as bracts and slightly shorter than perianth; flowers solitary in a paniculate-spiciform inflorescence; perianth segments oblong-ovate to lanceolate, glabrous, herbaceous green at center, winged in fruit at the middle; wings overlapping, membranous, unequally broad, broadly obovate to subrotund, colorless or faintly yellowish or roseate (?), later darkening (to almost black), the margins lighter in color; fruiting perianth including wings 7—10mm in diameter, the broadly triangular lobes more or less appressed to fruit or more rarely forming a very gently sloping cone; anthers unappendaged or with an appendage reduced to a minute tubercle, divergent to two-thirds of their length; stigmas filiform, long-villous, about as long as the style; seeds horizontal or oblique. July —September. Takyrs and solonchak depressions, mainly among sands. European part: L. V.; Caucasus: S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D.(?). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Dzu.-Kash., Mong. (W.). Described from the Lower Volga region (Zharenyi Bugor near Astrakhan). Type in London. Economic importance. Eaten by all kinds of livestock, but more particularly by camels, sheep, and goats. 196 2? 55 56. S.macera Litw. in Sched. ad Herb. FI. Ross. VIII (1922) 19. —Salsola sp. F. et M. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1838) 358. —S.ericoides Mogq.in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 182 (p. p., quoad pl. Hohenack.).— S.ericoides var.bracteolosa Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 813. — Exs.: HFR no. 2438; Pl. or. exs. no. 359. Annual, 25 —60cm high, erect, profusely and subdivaricately branched from base, hairy in lower part, the upper part glabrous or sparsely covered with fugacious crisp hairs; leaves alternate, subfiliform, to 10mm long, semiterete, hairy, obtuse, soon deciduous; bracts broad-ovate; bracteoles oval to broad-ovate, narrowly scarious-margined, concave, about as long as or very Slightly shorter than the flowers; perianth segments oblong, acute, glabrous, scarious-margined, winged in fruit at the middle; wings membranous, yellowish or roseate, subsequently darkening, unequal, the larger reniform, the narrowest sublinear; fruiting perianth including wings ca.6—7mm in diameter, the lobes connivent into a distinct cone; anthers oblong, divergent to between two-thirds and three-fourths their length, minutely appendiculate; stigmas short, villous; style mostly several times as long as or rarely slightly longer than stigma. August. Sandy solonchaks. — Caucasus: E. Transc. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Lake Beyuk-Shor in the Baku District. Type in Leningrad. 57. S.incanescens C. A. M. in Eichw. pl. casp. -cauc. (1831 —33) 35; Fenzl in Ldb. FI. Ross. III, 809. — S. spissa Boiss. (non M. B.) Fl. Or. IV (1879) 954 (pp.). —Ie.: Eichw., 1l.c.,t.26.— Exs.: HFR no. 483; Sintenis, It. transcasp. -pers. no. 1321, 2199a. Annual, 15 —40cm high, grayish with dense subdivaricate persistent hairs; branches numerous, obliquely ascending; leaves alternate, terete, short, sessile, obtuse, hairy, soon deciduous; bracts persistent, mostly broad-ovate to suborbicular, scarious-margined, but slightly shorter than flowers; perianth segments scarious-margined, appressed-hairy or more rarely in fruit almost glabrous, winged; wings thin, membranous, reniform (some narrower), colorless or roseate, subsequently blackening; fruiting perianth including wings 6 —11 mm in diameter, the lobes appressed to fruit, not closely connivent; anthers divergent to three-fourths, unappendaged or minutely appendiculate; stigmas slender, villous, about as long as style. July —September. Argillaceous and sandy-argillaceous saline wasteland habitats. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Salyany); Centr. Asia: Kyz. K. (S.), Kara K., Ssyr D., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D. Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from Krasnovodsk. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. A forage plant, according to I. A. Linchevskii. 58. S. dendroides Pall. Illustr. (1803) 22.—S.verrucosa M.B.im Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. I (1811) 103; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 814; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 382; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 220.—S.vermiculata M.B. Casp. (1798) 145, non L.—S.ericoides C. A.M. Ind. cauc. (1831) 160 et auct. plur.,non M.B.—S.foetida Pauls. Olufs. Pamir Exped. (1903) 200, non Del.— S.georgica Bge. ex Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 814. — S.ericaefolia Adams in Hoffm. Hort. Mosq. (1808), nomen nudum. — 197 Halogeton georgicus Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 205.—Ic.: Pall., l.c., tab. 14; Gmel. Fl. sib. III, tab. 21, f.1 and 2. — Exs.: HFR no. 436, 2436 and 243 74H. PWAYMonowlt 7s) Pliorexs. no.d6l¢ Undershrub, 75 —150cm high, with a stout stem 5—10cm in height; branches long, branching only at the ends, grayish-green, densely covered with crisp hairs sometimes interspersed with long ones; leaves alternate, small, 2—5mm long, linear, fleshy, obtuse, very slightly dilated at base, later deciduous; bracts ovate-triangular, keeled, often half as long as the suborbicular scarious-margined bracteoles; flowers numerous, solitary, forming a dense widely paniculate inflorescence; perianth segments ovate, obtuse, membranous except for the herbaceous center, winged in fruit; wings semiorbicular or obovate, colorless, yellowish or roseate; lobes of fruiting perianth connivent; anthers obsoletely appendiculate; stigmas flat, thickish, long-villous, as long as or very slightly longer than the style; seeds ca.1.5mm indiameter. July — September. Solonchaks, especially puffy, gypsiferous clays, argillaceous saline sierozems, in river valleys, and as weed of irrigated crops; in groups. — European part: L.V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.,5.and E. Transe.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., Syr D. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the northern shores of the Caspian Sea between the Kuma and Volga rivers and also between the Volga and Ural rivers. Type in London. Economic importance. Used as a source of potash for domestic production of soap. Also provides material for broom making. Eaten by sheep and camels, especially in winter. The hygroscopic water content of air-dry nonflowering shoots from Turkmenistan was 10.57 percent. The percentage composition on a dry weight basis was: ash 36.34, crude protein 17.48, albumin 11.191, crude fat 2.00, nitrogen-free extract 28.54, crude cellulose 15.64. The composition of shoots collected during winter in Turkmenistan was: hygroscopic water 6.72, ash 27.95, crude protein 8.94, albumin 8.563; crude fat 2.28, nitrogen-free extract 42.73, crude cellulose 18.12 (Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko). 256 59. S.ericoides M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 187 et III (1819) 180; M. B. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. I (1811) 141; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 813.—S.caesia F.et M.in Hohen. Enum. Talysch (1838) 121.—S. glauca C. A. M. Verzeichn. Pflanz. Cauc.-casp. (1831) 160, non M. B.— Exs.: FI. cauc. exs. no. 339; Pl. or. exs., no. 383. Shrublet 30 —60cm high, profusely branched; woody branches with light gray bark; young shoots rather sparsely puberulent, becoming glabrate, pale or glaucescent; leaves numerous, alternate, closely approximate, sessile, mostly 3—5mm long, on principal shoots to 12mm long but promptly deciduous, all fleshy, semiterete, obtuse, slightly concave above; bracteoles suborbicular, scarious-margined, obtusely keeled, at anthesis as long as perianth, in fruit shorter; perianth segments glabrous, obtuse or very slightly retuse, scarious-margined, winged in fruit at or scarcely above the middle; wingsmembranous, overlapping, two of them reniform, the others obovate or linear; fruiting perianth including wings ca. 6—8mm across, the broadly triangular lobes connivent into a very short cone, separated from the wings by a conspicuous impressed line; anthers 198 divergent beyond the middle, minutely appendiculate; stigmas short, flat, 1—1.5 times as long as the style, villous on the inside, horizontally spreading. Solonchaks, especially puffy. — Caucasus: Cisc. (Terek), Dag., E. and S. Transe. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from steppes in the area of the Kuma and Kura rivers. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Used for extraction of soda. Section 8. ALEURANTHUS Iljin — Section Nitraria Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl. Pflanzenf. 16c (1934) 564 (p. p.). — Farinose plants; anthers with a sessile obtuse appendage and anthers fused at the tips; stigmas scarcely enlarged at the tips; seeds horizontal. 60. S. sclerantha C. A. M. in Eichw. Pl. casp.-cauc. (1831 —33) 35; Henan dbsinls Rosselli 8074 Tes sBiehwe,dacs.t: 27.— Exs.ccHER nosGat: Annual, 10 —30cm high, profusely branched from base, at least in upper part farinose by slender bladdery hairs, sometimes interspersed with short crisp ones, in lower part densely covered with long slender tangled and largely fugacious hairs; leaves alternate, terete, dilated at base, obtuse, implexed-hairy, deciduous when plant in fruit; bracts very short, rarely equaling and mostly shorter than the semiorbicular obtusely keeled farinose bracteoles; flowers solitary, remote; perianth much longer than bracteoles, 3—5mm long at anthesis, heavily clothed with bladdery scales and usually with some simple hairs, scarious-margined, winged in fruit below the middle; wings membranous, often stiffish, rounded-obovate or oblong-spatulate, yellow or roseate or purple turning yellowish; fruiting perianth including wings 7—12mm across, the lobes pyramidally connivent, the inflexed margins forming slits; anthers divergent well beyond the middle, terminating in a sessile ovate obtuse appendage; style as long as or mostly several times as long as stigmas, these obtusish, often slightly enlargedattips. July—August. (Plate XI, Figure 14). Sands, sandy-argillaceous saline expanses, and rarely stony places; scattered or solitary. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Ust-Urt), Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Syr D., Amu D., Pam.-Al. (Roshan). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Dagoda Island near Krasnovodsk. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. According to Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko, the plant is eaten all the year round by camels and sheep. 297 61. S. carinata C. A. M. in Eichw. Pl. casp.-cauc. (1831 —33) 36; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 807.— S.scleranthavar. carinata Minkw. in O. et B. Fedtsch. Consp. Fl. Turk. VI (1916) 243.—S.leptoclada Gandog. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Franc. XL (1913) 421. —Ic.: Eichw.,l.c., t. XXVIII. — Exs.: HFR no. 1891; Pl. turk. ed. H. B. P. no. 65. Annual, 10 —45 cm high, mostly divaricately branched from base, commonly many-stemmed, grayish-farinose by bladdery chaff, in lower part covered with long slender tangled hairs mostly falling after flowering, in upper part more sparsely covered with shorter hairs or merely farinose; leaves alternate, terete, sessile, obtusish, hairy, spreading, commonly deciduous when plant in fruit; bracts mostly somewhat curved, very slightly shorter to somewhat longer than the broad-ovate to almost 258 199 semiorbicular bracteoles; perianth greatly surpassing the bracteoles, 1.5—2.5mm long at anthesis; segments scarious-margined, heavily lepidote, often with scattered hairs, winged in fruit about the middle; wings ovate or oval or narrowly lanceolate, broader at the middle or at base, mostly acute or acuminate, keeled at center, mostly lepidote; fruiting perianth including wings ca. 6.5 —10mm across, the semiappressed lobes incurved and not covering the fruit; anthers divergent beyond the middle, terminating in a small ovate obtuse sessile appendage several times shorter than anther; stigmas subfiliform, sometimes very slightly enlarged at tips, recurved, as long as or one-half to two-thirds as long as style. August —September. (Plate XI, Figure 15). Solonchak depressions among sands, margins of takyrs, saline meadows, loess slopes, and more rarely old fields. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (w.), KeyiZe ker Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., Syr D. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the vicinity of Krasnovodsk. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. A forage plant, according to I. A. Linchevsk11. Note. The plant S.turkestanica Litw. (in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. VII, 1910, 78) differs from the typical in lower growth, fewer branches, and more pronounced hairiness. Other characters indicated by the author are shared by the typical forms; even the characters mentioned above are insufficiently distinctive and very variable. If the name is to be retained, it should merely be a form designation (f.turkes - tanica (Litw.) Ijin). Section 9. BELANTHERA Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, III (1936). — Section Nitraria, Ericoides et Pseudonoaea Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenf. 16c (1934) 564 —66 (p. p.). — Anther locules free up to the summit and joined only by the acuminate oblong-ovate or lanceolate appendage; seeds horizontal or vertical. 62. S.nodulosa (Mogq.) Iljin in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV (1930) 222; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 78.— Caroxylon nodulosum Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 177.—Salsola gemmascens Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. (p. p., specim. cauc.) et auct. cauc., non Pall. — Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, fig. 286. — Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs. no. 340. Undershrub, 10 —30cm high, divaricately branched, grayish by a dense cover of pellucid often 2-tipped scales; branchlets densely beset with subglobular buds; leaves alternate, not more than 3mm long, subtrigonous- subulate, slightly dilated and shortly gibbous at base, obtuse; bracts ovate, convex on the back, with gibbous base appressed to stem, half as long as bracteoles, these suborbicular, half the length of the perianth, carinate; flowers solitary, forming a dense spiciform inflorescence; perianth segments ovate, obtusish, chaffy in upper part, winged in fruit; wings reniform or broadly obovate, purple or buff; anthers terminating in an oblong-ovate appendage; stigmas subulate, glabrate, somewhat longer than style; seed horizontal, 1.75 —2mm in diameter. July —September. Solonchaks and solonetzic mountain slopes. — European part: L. V. (?) (reported for the vicinity of Astrakhan); Caucasus: E. Transc. Endemic. Described from Sal'an (Baku District). Type in Paris; cotype in Leningrad. 259 200 260 Economic importance. The ash is used for extraction of soda. Of interest for ornamental use. 63. S. gemmascens Pall. Ilustr. (1803) 24; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, BiSi(pep) ese im A HP V12,436.—Icr Pall!) Lc. t: 16 — Exsie HER no. 2442. Undershrub, 15 —50cm high, branched from base; woody twigs with grayish bark; annotinous shoots herbaceous, covered with mostly 2-tipped pellucid scales, bearing in the leaf axils and on reduced branchlets numerous subglobose buds densely covered with similar scales; buds on the woody branches usually persistent; leaves alternate, short, trigonous-subulate, appressed to stem at the dilated gibbous base, slightly concave above, lepidote, soon wilting; bracts broader, often ovate, similarly gibbous, shorter than the broad suborbicular obtusely keeled bracteoles; flowers solitary; perianth segments obtusish, winged in fruit; wings yellow or roseate, reniform or obovate; fruiting perianth including wings 7—10mm across, connivent into a cone and covered with scales as described above; anthers with linear locules divergent up to the summit; appendage yellowish, oblong-ovate to broadly lanceolate, acute, one-third to one-half the length of the anther; stigmas broad, flat, obtusish, glabrous, distinctly purple on the inside; seeds horizontal, oblique or vertical. June — August. (Plate XIII, Figure 4a—b). - Takyrs; solonchak, clayey, or chalky slopes, conglomerates, and more rarely rocks. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (S.), Kara K. (S.), Syr D., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran., Mong. Described from the E. coast of the Caspian Sea, from Turkmenia. Type in London. Note. Specimens from E. Tien Shan differ to some extent from the type and resemble the Mongolian in habit, lower growth, closely approximate and relatively small buds, shoots densely arising from the short stout main stem, the subulate styles reminiscent of those of the Caucasian S.nodu- losa (Mogq.) Iljin, and the rather narrow acuminate anther appendage. Bunge separated the Mongolian specimens as S.passerina Bge. but did not publish the name. In my opinion, the name should have been retained for the Mongolian species. The position of numerous Semireche [Dzhety-Su] specimens to the latter species needs checking against amply collected material. Economic importance. The plant provides good winter forage for camels, sheep, and goats; in the case of camels, it acts as fattening feed. Analysis of fruit-bearing plants from Kazakhstan (Ust-Urt) gave the following composition in percentages of air-dry weight: hygroscopic water 6.84, ash 26.20 —28.15, cellulose 14.31 —15.35, crude protein 8.21 —8.81, albumin 5.61—5.70, crude fat 2.32 —2.49, nitrogen-free extract 42.12 — 45.20; starch equivalent 30.42 —34.33 (I. Larin). Shoots from Turkmenistan before flowering had the following air-dry weight percentage composition: hygroscopic water 12.13, ash 34.86, crude protein 9.94, albumin 8.31, crude fat 3.01, nitrogen-free extract 28.02, crude cellulose 24.17, digestible protein 3.54, digestible fat 4.47 —4.76, digestible nitrogen-free extract 3.09 —1.62, digestible cellulose 18.43; starch equivalent 17.36 (Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko). 201 261 64. S.cana C. Koch in Linnaea XXII (1849) 190; XXIV (1851) 91. — Noaea cana Fom. (non Litw.) in Sched. ad Fl. cauc. exs. — Exs.: FI. cauc. exs. no. 205 (sub Noaea cana). Undershrub, 20—30 (40) cm high, cinerescent; woody branches short; annotinous shoots brittle, branched, covered with short appressed hairs; leaves alternate, thickish, somewhat convex beneath, flat above, obtuse, sessile, without constriction, whitish-gray by rather long appressed obsoletely serrulate hairs; bracts shorter; bracteoles broad-ovate, convex below, attenuate toward apex, as long as or slightly longer than flowers; perianth segments acuminate, membranous, covered with long appressed hairs, winged in fruit; wings membranous, blackish-purple, overlapping, some reniform, others narrower; fruiting perianth including wings 8—10mm in diameter, the lobes connivent into a cone; anthers linear, divergent right up to the appendage, this lanceolate, acuminate, lurid, densely beset with minute acute papillae, about as long as the anther; stigmas acute, flattish in lower part, 1—1.5 times as long as the style; seeds vertical or oblique. Stony habitats. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Described from the Araks River valley in Armenia. Type in Berlin; cotype in Leningrad. 65. S. aucheri Bge. in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS.—-Noaea cana Litw. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Ross. 2 (1900) 11.—Noaea aucheri Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 207. — Exs.: HFR no. 231 (sub Noaea cana). Shrublet, 30 —80 cm high, cinereous, profusely branched, with light gray bark; shoots brittle, whitish, covered with very short appressed hairs; leaves alternate, narrowly linear-terete, fleshy, obtuse, covered with short appressed hairs, subsequently glabrescent, glaucous, dilated at base and constricted above the dilated part, easily falling off at the constriction; bracts leaflike; bracteoles about the length of the perianth, broad at base, attenuate to a leaflike tip; flowers solitary in a spiciform inflorescence; perianth segments acuminate, covered with short appressed hairs, winged in fruit just below the middle; wings membranous, suborbicular or reniform, some obovate or elliptic, dark reddish to almost blackish-red; fruiting perianth including wings 8 —10mm in diameter, the lobes connivent into an often fairly loose cone; anthers linear, divergent almost to the middle, terminating in a sessile lanceolate acute pale appendage covered with obsolescent acute papillae and slightly shorter than anther; stigmas subulate, as long as or slightly shorter than style, connivent; seeds vertical or oblique. August—September. (Plate XIII, Figure 5a, b). Gravelly slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Iran. Type in Paris. Economic importance. A forage plant, according to I. A. Linchevskii, apparently for camels and sheep. 66. S.takhtadshjanii Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, III (1936).—S.aurantiaca auct. turk., non Bge. Undershrub, 20 —40cm high, profusely branched from base; stem covered with subappressed somewhat tangled rough hairs; shoots pale, rather slender; leaves alternate, semiterete, dilated at base, obtuse, 202 ) 62 63 covered with similar upward-appressed hairs, more or less spreading; bracts and the broad-ovate obtusely keeled bracteoles slightly shorter than to about as long as the perianth; perianth segments membranous, covered with rather long straight (not crisp) crenulate hairs, winged in fruit below the middle; wings membranous, reniform or broadly obovate, orange becoming blackish; fruiting perianth including wings 6—&mm in diameter, the lobes rising into a beak from a subhorizontal lower part; anthers linear, subdivergent throughout; appendage lanceolate, acuminate, apparently sessile, pale or roseate, almost smooth, readily caducous, as long as theanther; stigmas subulate, as long as or very slightly longer than the style; seeds horizontal or oblique. Takyrs. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Dzhul'fa); Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Arman-Sagad, Atrek). Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from Dzhul'fa. Type in Leningrad. 67. S. stellulata Eug. Kor. in Addenda V, p. 665. A small undershrub, 10 —20cm high, much branched from the base; shoots often procumbent and ascending, covered like the leaves with short branched hairs; leaves semiterete, averaging 5—10mm in length, the upper ones shorter, obtuse, sessile, somewhat dilated at base, spreading; bracts ovate or broader, much shorter than the obtusely keeled ovate bracteoles, these about as long as or slightly shorter than the flowers; perianth segments membranous, covered on the outside with short hairs inter- spersed with long antrorsely appressed prickly hairs, winged infruit; wings membranous, mostly purple, reniform, two of the segments often wingless or obsoletely winged; fruiting perianth including wings 5—7 mm across, the lobes forming a gently sloping beak; anthers divergent right up to the summit; appendage pale, lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous, aslongasthe anther; stigmas subulate, about as longasthe style. (Plate XIII, Figure 6a—~d). Solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kzyl-Arvat). Endemic. Described from Turkmenia. Type in Tashkent. 68. S. vvedenskyi Iljin et M. Pop. in Addenda V, p. 664. Annual, 15—40 cm high, light gray, branched, very densely covered with short, short-branched hairs interspersed with long spreading articulate denticulate hairs; leaves alternate, thickish, terete, slightly thicker at base, obtusish, rather crowded at the base of the stem; bracts shorter, slightly shorter to slightly longer than the bracteoles, these dilated at base; bracts and bracteoles closely convergent at the flowering and early fruiting stages, subsequently expanding with the development of the wings; flowers solitary, shorter than the bracteoles, the hairy perianth winged in fruit above the middle; wings thin, membranous, reniform or suborbicular, yellowish (?), turning almost black, overlapping; fruiting perianth including wings 7—10mm in diameter, the shortly connivent lobes terminating in a tuft of bristles; anthers with locules divergent to the summit; appendage long, slender, lanceolate, colorless, subobtuse; stigmas filiform, long, many times the length of the very short style; fruits vertical or horizontal and then with margins very slightly upcurved above the horizontal seed, with a dome-shaped top. (Plate XIII, Figure 3a, b). Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Tadzhikistan). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Kelif. Type in Leningrad. 203 264 Note. This plant was referred without any justification to the genus Halanthium (H. popovii Gran. — Granitov in Khoz. Osv. pustyn' Sr. Azii, 1934. Tashkent, p. 136). Attempts to set it up as a separate genus are even more groundless. 69. S.forcipitata Ijin in Journ. Bot. de 1'URSS, XVIII, 4 (1933) 276. Annual, 10 —30cm high, divaricately branched from base, densely grayish-farinose by bladdery hairs and in lower part also covered with long spreading articulate bristles; leaves alternate, terete, covered with spreading bristles, apiculate with a mostly upcurved tip, deciduous when plant in flower; bracts very short and broad, shorter than the almost semiorbicular bracteoles; flowers solitary, at least twice the length of the bracteoles; perianth 3.5—5mm long; segments obtusish, densely covered with bladdery and often simple hairs, winged in fruit; wings membranous, semiorbicular or reniform (two or three much narrower than the rest), overlapping, glabrous, at least initially rosy-purple; lobes of the fruiting perianth with somewhat involute margins, connivent ina low gently sloping cone; anthers terminating in a sessile ovate apiculate appendage, divergent right up to the appendage; stigmas broadly linear, canaliculate, crenate at the enlarged scarious apex, yellowish, often roseate-tinged at tips, not recurved and rather infundibular, mostly 1—1.5 times as long as the style; seeds horizontal. August —September. (Plate XIII, Figure 2a, b). Mountain slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.(Tadzhikistan). Endemic. Described from the banks of the Amu Darya River between the settlements of Ovrazhnyi and Ormenek. Type in Leningrad. 70. S. gossypina Bge. in Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 956; Litw. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl.Ross. II (1900) 9. — Exs.: HFR no. 229 et no. 30 (sub S.crassa var. tomentosa); Sintenis, It. transcasp.-pers. no. 1233 et 2191a. Annual, 10 —50cm high, divaricately much branched from the base, hairy; branches slender, often dark brown and mostly zigzag, bearing cyathiform or obconic flower buds densely enveloped by long implexed hairs; leaves linear, semiterete, gradually dilated toward base, wilting before flowering time, hairy, the lower enveloped together with lower part of stem in long implexed hairs, these subsequently thinning out considerably or falling altogether; bracts obtuse, becoming shorter and broader up the stem, the terminal subovate to ovate-orbicular; bracteoles broad-ovate, obtusely carinate; flowers solitary, borne almost to the stem base, forming a broadly paniculate spreading inflorescence; perianth segments broadly lanceolate, obtusish, membranous, densely winged above the base of wings, winged in fruit above the middle; wings broad-oval or obovate or broader, some much narrower, faintly nerved, at first golden-yellow, becoming orange and finally sanguine, blackening in wilting and drying; fruiting perianth including wings 5—10mm across; anthers divergent throughout; appendages lanceolate, acuminate, white, about as long as anther; filaments linear; stigmas two-thirds as long as to equaling the style, glabrous, terminating in slender scarious recurved tips; seeds ca. 2mm long, vertical or oblique or horizontal. July —September. (Plate XII, Figure 1a,b). 204 Saline, gypsiferous clays, and chalk outcrops. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (S.), Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the vicinity of Akhmetabad to the east of Meshed (Khurasan). Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. A forage plant, according to I. A. Linchevskii. 71. S.daghestanica (Turcz.) Lipsky in A. H. P. XIV (1897) 295; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il, 77.—Noaea daghestanica Turcz. in Bge, Anab. rev. (1862) 26; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 966. — Exs.: Herb. Fl. cauc., no. 170. Undershrub, 30—100cm high, pale green, with numerous erect stems covered with faint fugacious pubescence; leaves alternate, narrowly scarious, subterete, convex beneath, subcanaliculate above, sessile, acute or acuminate, covered with short hairs or glabrous, mostly sharply scabrous, with axillary clusters of reduced branchlets; bracts slightly longer than bracteoles, these broad at base, scarious-margined, carinate, abruptly passing into a long herbaceous tip equaling or surpassing the perianth; flowers solitary; perianth segments glabrous, membranous, obtusish or rarely minutely mucronulate, winged in fruit below the middle; wings broad, semiorbicular, pale; fruiting perianth including wings ca. 6mm across, the lobes suberect, loosely connivent; stamens with narrowly linear filaments and anthers strongly divergent nearly to the summit; appendages of anthers sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, half as long as the anther; stigmas subfiliform, glabrous, several times the length of the very short style; seeds horizontal or more rarely vertical. August. Dry clayey and stony places. — Caucasus: Dag. Endemic. Described from Dagestan. Type in Leningrad. Section 10. COCCOSALSOLA Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 802. — Section Salsolaria Mog. Chenop. enum. (1840) 144 (partim), excl. S.lanata, S.recurva, S.tamariscina;- Section Nitraria Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenf. 16c (1934) 564 (p. p.). — Anthers unappendaged; stigmas very short, less than 1mm in length, sessile; fruit berrylike; seed horizontal. 72. S.foliosa (L.) Schrad. in Roem. et Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 235; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 952.— Anabasis foliosa L.sp.pl. (1753) 223. — A.foliata Pall. It. 1 (1771) 422.—A.clavata Pall. It. II (1773) 41. — Salsola clavifolia Pall. It. II (1773) 486; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 802; ‘Shmlalie.) PII 3613) I'ininehl Yugo-Vost.lV, 211. —S.baccifera Pall. Illustr. (1803) 31.—S.baccata Pall. It. 1 (1771) 178, non Poir. (sec. Trautv.). —Ic.: Pall. Illustr., t. 23. Annual, 15 —80cm high, quite glabrous, glaucous, very succulent, mostly turning dark in drying, densely branched from base; leaves numerous, alternate, short, subcylindric, claviformly thickened and arcuately upcurved; flowers crowded in glomerules of several borne in the leaf axils nearly down to the very base of the stem and subtended by broad obtuse scarious- margined bracteoles shorter than fruiting perianth; perianth segments membranous, rounded-ovate or elliptic, 1-nerved, united only at base, winged in fruit; wings stramineous, semiorbicular, entire; anthers 205 266 269 unappendaged; stigmas very short, sessile; fruit berrylike. August — September. (Plate XIII, Figure la, b). Solonetzes and solonetzic steppes, mostly as a ruderal plant; growing in groups. — European part: Transv. (S.); LeDon, L-V.s- Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transe.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (S.), Irt.(S.); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from the shores of the Caspian Sea. Type in London. Economic importance. May be used for home production of soda. Analysis of young specimens from the Lower Volga region showed an ash content amounting to 42% of air-dry weight, of this 74% water-soluble, with the following composition: K,SO, 1.3095 g, KC] 12.4389, Na,CO, 43.8388, free sodium bicarbonate 6.7907. In old specimens the ash content was 22.36, with 70% water-soluble and containing K,SO, 0.7482 g, KCl 8.7501, NaCl 5.0117, Na,CO, 45.990, and free sodium bicarbonate 6.7907 (Goebel). Genus 426. NOAEA* MOQ. Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 207. Flowers perfect, 5-merous; perianth narrow, much longer than broad; segments of fruiting perianth winged below the middle; stamens 5, with long filaments, the anthers terminating in a small rather firm appendage; stigmas 2, subulate; ovary vertical; seed with spiral embryo. Stiffish plants with alternate narrow leaves. The genus contains 7 species. sled Av abayitey Mr elletyat cae ceva We drei Sie} wi geette ast pean 3. N.minuta Boiss. et Bal. Wider Shrub eye as yeas ign ten cky o Ui. atte uae atid faecal on ar 2. Branches spiny-tipped ...... 1. N. mucronata (Forsk.) Asch. et Schw. Branches nov Spiny tipped ¢) aie .cicnces 2. N.leptoclada (Woron.) Iljin. ar 1S Ge 1. N. mucronata (Forsk.) Asch. et Schweinf. III. Fl. Egypt. in Mém. Inst. Egypt. II (1887) 131.—Salsola mucronata Forsk. Fl. Aeg.-Arab. (1775) 56.— Anabasis spinosissima L. f. Suppl. (1781) 173. — © A.echinus M. B. Casp. (1800) 152.—Halogeton spinosissimus C. A. M. Verzeichn. (1831) 159; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 831.—Noéa spinosissima Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 209; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 965.—Salsola spinifera Pall. Ilustr. (1803) 32.—TIc.: Pall.,l.c., t. 24. — Exs.: HFR no. 389; Herb. Fl. Cauc., no. 171. Undershrub or small shrub, 20— 75cm high; shoots glaucous, very rarely green, whitish below, divaricately branched, glabrous or scabrous; all twigs horizontally or subarcuately recurved, spiny-tipped like the stem; leaves alternate, glabrous or scabrous, filiform, acute, slightly dilated at base, the lower 3—5cm long, soon wilting and deciduous, the others shorter; bracts and bracteoles barely shorter to slightly longer than flowers; bracteoles ovate to oblong-ovate, navicular, prominently keeled, mostly with a tuberclelike protuberance at base; flowers solitary; perianth segments distinct, obtuse, obsoletely mucronulate, winged in fruit; wings obovate to oblong-obovate or narrower, membranous, yellowish (or rose- tinged ?), later often mottled-smoky; anthers divergent to below the middle, * Named for Frank Vicomte de Noe, late director of the Constantinople Botanical Garden. 206 67) Ih \ i \ Wh PLATE XIII. 1. Salsola foliosa (L.) Schrad.: a) branch, b) perianth.— 2. S.forcipitata I[ljin: a) habit, b) perianth.— 8. S.vvedenskyi Iljin et M.Pop.: a) branch, b) perianth.— 4. S.nodulosa (Mog.) Iljin: a) branch, b) perianth.— 5. S.aucheri Bge.: a) branch, b) perianth.— 6. S.stellulata Eug.Kor.: a) branch, b) perianth, c) hair, d) anther.— 7. Noéa mucronata (Forsk.) Asch. et Schw: a) branch, b) flower in side view, c) same in dorsal view.— 8. Rhaphidophyton regelii (Bge.) Iljin: a) branch, b) flower. 207 sm 270 terminating in a small acutish sessile ovate or oblong-ovate firm appendage one-fifth to one-fourth as long as the anther; stigmas narrowly subulate, as long as or slightly shorter than the style; seed oval, ca.2mm long, completely filling the ovary. July— September. (Plate XIII, Figure 7a—c). Rocks, taluses, and stony or more rarely clayey slopes. — Caucasus: Dag., W., S., and E.Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam. -Al. (around Samarkand). Gen.distr.: Med. (Egypt), Bal. (Greece), As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Egypt. Type in Copenhagen. Economic importance. The plant can be used for extraction of soda (Rollov). 2. N. leptoclada (Woron.) Iljin comb. nova.— Noaea tournefortii var.leptoclados Woron. in Sched. Busch., Marcowicz et Woron. Fl. cauc. exs. XI—XIV (1909) 22.— Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs. no. 338. Undershrub 40—75 cm high, glaucous, glabrous and smooth; annotinous shoots with branches at an acute angle; leaves filiform, acute, 1—3cm long and ca. 1mm broad; bracts scarcely longer than or about equaling the flowers; bracteoles broadly lanceolate or oblong-ovate, acute, distinctly keeled, with a small tuberclelike protuberance at base, scarcely shorter to longer than the flower; flowers solitary; perianth segments membranous, terminating in a minute soft mucro, developing winglike outgrowths in fruit; anthers divergent to less than half their length, terminating in an ovate to oblong-ovate sessile acute appendage usually one-fifth the length of the anther; stigmas subulate, somewhat shorter than the style. July — August. Taluses and stony or clayey slopes. — Caucasus: W. Transc. Gen. distr.: Asia Minor ? Described from near the settlement of Lomashen in the Artvin District. Type in Leningrad. Note. A related species, N.tournefortii (Spach) Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 208=(Anabasis tournefortii Jaub. et Spach, Ill. Pl. Or. II (1844 —46) 43), described from Kurdistan, differs in its unbranched shoots and leaves up to 6cm long. Other characters indicated by Yu. Voronov are of no significance. 3. N.minuta Boiss. et Bal. Diagn. ser. II, 4 (1859) 76; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 966. Annual, 3—20cm high, glaucescent, pubescent; stem simple or in lower part short-branched, erect; leaves scabrous, subulate, broadly scarious-margined at base, arched-recurved, mucronate; bracts shorter, ovate-lanceolate, appressed; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, navicular, carinate, scarcely surpassing the flowers, sparingly hairy at base; flowers solitary, forming compact spiciform inflorescences; perianth segments glabrous, bearing in fruit oval winglike mostly roseate outgrowths; appendages of anthers obtuse, barely one-fourth the length of anther. Gravelly desert habitats. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Erevan). Gen. distr.: Asia Minor. Described from a locality between Karagissar and Arapleu Kjoi in Cappadocia (SE Turkey). Type in Geneva. 208 Genus 427. AELLENIA * ULBRICH Ulbrich in Engl.u. Prantl, Pflanzenf.16c (1934) 567. Flowers perfect, solitary, subtended by broad herbaceous bracteoles; perianth of 5 segments, indurescent in fruit and developing winglike outgrowths, whereupon readily falling; stamens 5; anthers unappendaged, the very broad filaments dilated toward base; stigmas ovate, sessile; hypogynous disk fleshy; seeds horizontal, with spiral embryo; leaves alternate, broad, flat. The genus consists of 2 species. 1. A. auricula (Moq.) Ulbrich, l.c.—Salsola auricula Mog. Chenop. (1840) 135; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 958. —S.moquiniana Jaub. et Spach, Illustr. pl. or. II (1846) 52.— Caroxylon auriculum Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 173.— Ic.:.Jaub. et Spach, 1.c., tab. 137. Undershrub, 30 —100cm high, profusely branched in the woody part; shoots long, mostly branching, pale, glabrous; leaves very broad, sometimes to 60mm, ovate to suborbicular, entire, acute or subobtuse, sessile, strongly decurrent, coriaceous, glabrous, glaucescent, usually with slightly arched veins; flowers solitary, forming a paniculate inflorescence; bracts broad, often suborbicular, abruptly mucronate; bracteoles shorter than perianth; perianth segments ovate, glabrous, narrowly scarious- margined, indurescent and winged in fruit; wings rather large, yellowish, reniform, overlapping, gently reflexed; fruiting perianth including wings 15—20mm across, readily falling in maturity; anthers divergent to above the middle; stigmas ovate, sessile or subsessile. August. (Plate XII, Figure 7). Mottled strata. — Centr. Asia: Kara K. (Merv [Mary] District), Amu D., Pam.-Al.(W.). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from a locality in Iran between the cities of Teheran and Isfahan. Type in Paris. Genus 428. RHAPHIDOPHYTON ** ILJIN Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser.1, 3 (1936) et in Addenda V, p. 665. Flowers perfect, 5-merous; perianth of 5 oblong segments; fruiting perianth with winglike outgrowths considerably below the middle; stamens 5; filaments united at base into a ring, alternating with the well developed semiorbicular lobes of the hypogynous disk; anthers with firm rather large appendages; ovary distinctly surpassing the vertical or horizontal seed which occupies the lower part of the fruit; embryo spiral. A monotypic genus. 1. R. regelii (Bge.) Ijin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, sér. 1, III (1936). — Noaea regelii Bge.in A.H.P. VI, 2 (1880) 440. —Ic.: Iljin, l.c.; Korovin, Rast. Sr. Az., fig. 48. A small shrublet, 8—25cm high, profusely branched at base; branches woody, covered with wartlike buds; annotinous shoots always purple-tinged in their middle part; stems mostly whitish in lower part; leaves alternate, rather closely approximate, mostly upright, stiff, obtusely 3-angled, acicular, * Named for Paul Aellen of Basel, a renowned specialist in the genus Chenopodium. ** From the Greek words ra phis, needle (alluding to leaf shape), and phyton, plant. 209 272 acuminate, spinescent, 2—4cm long and ca. 1mm broad, glabrous or, especially at margins, sharply scabrous, very slightly dilated at base; flowers subtended by and greatly exceeded by the bracts; bracteoles leaflike, much longer than flowers, dilated at base and embracing the perianth; perianth segments broadly lanceolate or oblong-ovate, purple, broadly scarious-margined, minutely mucronulate, convexly embracing the ovary below; fruiting perianth 5—7mm long, all segments with rather narrow yellowish scarious wings considerably below the middle; anthers including appendage 3.5mm long, sagittately split to the base; appendage lanceolate, acuminate, sessile, firm, to 1.5mm long; stigmas 2, thickish, subulately pointed, in fruit as long as the style; ovary globular to ovaloid- globular, mostly with vertical ovule, in fruit greatly surpassing the free seed which assumes a horizontal position; seed naked, smooth, with thin scarious testa and slightly spirally coiled embryo. May —June. (Plate XIII, Figure 8a, b). Rocks and stony slopes; solitary. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Kara-Tau), Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Kulachek in the Kara-Tau mountains. Type in Leningrad. Genus 429. HORANINOWIA* FISCH. et MEY. Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. pl. noy.1 (1841) 10. Flowers perfect, 5-merous, with herbaceous bracteoles; segments of fruiting perianth mostly cartilaginous, gibbous, mostly with stiffish wings, more rarely wingless; filaments of stamens united at base into a ring and alternating with slopingly semiorbicular lobes of the hypogynous disk; ovary with 2 or 3 very short, barely perceptible and apparently capitate stigmas; fruit horizontal, slightly concave like the seed, vaulted below. Annual plants with stiff subulate spinescent leaves. The genus contains 4 species. i, Wpper leaves ana branches aliGEenate™., «ce cess «tn tans een ee AP Allileaves and branches! Opposite y'7 28241 2 emt tn a see ate eae Pas 2. Stems glabrous; fruiting perianth stellate by the narrow W LEIS. apogee eo SAY 3) ak ie or oa A aga anid nop aptys ceaych on | snbdbigl cerca enna 4. H. excellens Iljin. ats Stems rough, densely papillose; fruiting perianth wingless or wings different tromiine-abome, «259k a crseawise 1. H. anomala (C. A. M.) Mog. 3. Anthers terminating in a filiform appendage; segments of fruiting perianth not cartilaginous and not developing true wings; leaves as well as bracts and bracteoles of the capitate inflorescences somewhat recurved even when plant im icuit =) 205 2a. 2. H.minor Fisch. et May. 0 Anthers unappendaged; segments of fruiting perianth not cartilaginous, developing pronounced rather broad wings; leaves as well as the bracts and bracteoles of the spherical inflorescences always straight, spreading in various directions ........ 3. H.ulicina Fisch. et Mey. 1. H. anomala (C. A. M.) Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 170.— Salsola anomala C. A.M. in Eichw. Plant. casp. -cauc. (1831 —33) 14.— Horani- nowia juniperina C. A.M. in Schrenk, Enum. 1 (1841) 11; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 796. —Ic.: Eichw., l.c., t. XII. — Exs.: Sintenis, It. transcasp. - pers. no. 1288. * Named for the botanist Pavel Goraninov of Minsk (1796 — 1866). 210 a oe 27 —~ 274 Annual, 10 —30cm high, glaucescent or yellowish, profusely branched; branches rather long, decumbent or ascending, opposite, approximate; stem and branches often with whitish bark in lower part, mostly densely covered like the leaves with short stiff papilliform hairs; leaves alternate except the lowest, subulate, stiffish, terminating in a slender spinule, sessile and very slightly dilated at base, with reduced branchlets in the axils; flowers axillary, solitary, forming strongly abbreviated compact often subcapitate inflorescences, borne from the very base of the stem; perianth segments membranous, ovate or oblong-ovate or oblong, obtuse or more rarely subacute, united only at base, in fruit cartilaginous and strongly gibbous, distinctly winged; wings colorless or smoky, semipellucid, often reduced to a narrow rim, sometimes none; anthers unappendaged; fruit ca. 1mm in diameter, reversed-dome-shaped, with smooth naked thin scarious pericarp. July — August. Sands, takyrs, argillaceous solonchak soils with sandy overburden. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Kara K., Amu D., Kyz. K. (Amu Darya Delta). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from the E. shore of the Caspian Sea (Krasnovodsk). Type in Leningrad. Note. Plants from the Aral-Caspian region mostly differ from the glaucescent more southerly plants in their yellowish tint; no other distinguishing characters have so far been detected. 2. H.minor Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. I (1841) 10; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 795; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 946. — Exs.: Kar. et Kir. no. 1872 et 1889. Annual, 5 —30cm high, branched from the base, with elongated prostrate lower branches, covered with very short stiff papilliform hairs; leaves subulate-filiform, all opposite, very slightly dilated and narrowly scarious- margined at base, terminating ina spine, somewhat recurved; bracteoles in compact axillary clusters, resembling the leaves but shorter and more dilated at base; flowers several together in the axils, forming capitate inflorescences; perianth segments oblong to oblong-ovate, membranous, obtuse, yellowish or smoky at apex; fruiting perianth not cartilaginous, the small outgrowth above the middle not winglike; anthers oblong, terminating in a filiform appendage; anthers ca. 1mm in diameter, very slightly concave above, vaulted below, radially striated, glabrous, smooth. July —August. (Plate X, Figure 2 a,b). Sands, mostly saline; also solonchaks. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Lake Balkhash area (Ayaguz). Type in Leningrad. Note. There is a single specimen from the vicinity of Kalai-Mor station in Turkmenistan, apparently adventive. 3. H.ulicina Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. pl. I (1841) 11; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. HI, 794; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 946. — H.juniperina Bge. Relig. Lehm. (1851) 468, non C. A. M. — Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV (1930), fig. 282 (sub H. minor). — Exs.: HFR no. 987; Edit. Hort. Bot. P. M. no. 64; Kar.et Kir. no. 1890; HFR no. 2424 (sub H.minor var. r igid ior). Annual, 15 —50cm high, branched from the base, with rather long prostrate lower branches, covered throughout with very short stiff 211 275 papilliform hairs; leaves and branches all opposite, subulate, slightly dilated at base, mostly straight; flowers many together in the leaf axils, forming in fruit a spherical capitate inflorescence; bracteoles straight, projecting in all directions; segments of fruiting perianth cartilaginous, gibbous, winged above the middle; wings scarious, variously developed, with erose-toothed margin; anthers oval to oblong-oval, unappendaged; fruit ca. 1mm in diameter, slightly concave above, dome-shaped below, radially striate, glabrous, smooth. June—August. (Plate X, Figure 1 a—d). Sands. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Syr D., Amu D. Gen. distr.: Iran (?). Described from the E. shore of the Caspian Sea (apparently from Ogurchinskii Island). Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. According to Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko, the plant is readily eaten by camels throughout the year. 4. H. excellens [Iljin in Journ. Bot. de 1'URSS, 4 (1933) 276. —Salsola e xicie Rie misu lyin le: Annual, 5—15 cm high, yellowish-green, bushy-branched from base, rather rigid; stems whitish, glabrous, leafy; leaves alternate, small, subtrigonous-terete, sessile, prickle-tipped, scarcely roughish or smooth, spreading; bracts with an axillary tuft of hairs, greatly surpassing the bracteoles, these very small, reniform, obtuse, shorter than the solitary flowers; perianth small, glabrous or faintly rough; segments ovate, scarious-margined, strongly incurved in fruit and winged at the middle; wings narrow, cuneate, with entire lateral margins and truncate incised- toothed summit, yellowish like the segments, rather faintly nerved, opaque, widely spaced, thus the fruiting perianth stellately 5-rayed, ca.1.5mm in diameter, together with wings 3—5mm across, the lobes connivent, at first convex, subsequently strongly subsiding and forming together a 5-parted ridge with a depression at the center of the fruit; stamens not exserted; anthers small, subrotund or reniform, unappendaged, the slender filaments united at base into a ring and alternating with the semiorbicular lobes of the hypogynous disk. May—June. (Plate XII, Figure 2). Sands. — Centr. Asia: Kyz.K.(Amu Darya Delta). Endemic. Described from the Karakalpak Kyzyl-Kum Desert, fromthe Mynbulak Depression to the south of Mynbulak. Type in Leningrad. Genus 430. SEIDLITZIA* BGE. Bge. in Boiss. Fl. Or. 1V (1879) 950. Flowers perfect, bracteolate, 1 to several closely together in the axils of opposite leaves; perianth segments 5, membranous, winged in fruit above the middle; wings semiorbicular or broadly obovate, more rarely narrower, united only at base; stamens 5; filaments united at hase into a ring, alternating with semiorbicular not always well developed lobes of the hypogynous disk [staminodes]; anthers oval-oblong, unappendaged; ovary with 2 broad flat linear subsessile stigmas; fruit horizontal, with glabrous smooth pericarp; seed with spiral embryo, exalbuminous; leaves opposite, fleshy. The genus consists of 2 species. * Named for N.K. Seidlitz, probably son of the famous Caucasian statesman (born 1831). ZZ "76 12 eMramitienbya lamtich etsix rab otmcerbinicti Deh ot bean ate re tae 2. S. florida (M. B.) Boiss. a eShmubseriete Pellets s EBa ses. Muerel ee « gyabe 1. S. rosmarinus (Ehrh.) Bge. 1. S. rosmarinus (Ehrh.) Bge. in Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 951.—Suaeda rosmarinus Ehrh. Mss. ex Boiss.,1.c. — Exs.: HFR no. 2784. Shrub to 150cm high, widely branching; stems to 4cm thick, the grayish bark longitudinally fissured; branches glabrous, smooth, shining, milky-white, opposite; leaves fleshy, glabrous, obtuse, somewhat clavate, dilated at base, especially the upper ones, and distinctly gibbous in lower part; perianth segments oval or broader, commonly emarginate, winged in fruit; wings colorless or faintly roseate, smoky or brownish in drying, semipellucid; fruit 2—2.5mm in diameter, gently concave at the top, convexly dome-shaped below, brown, whitish-margined. August —September. Solonchaks, riverside ''tugai,'' and solonchak depressions among sands. — Centr. Asia: Kara K. (SE), Amu D., Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: Arabia, Iran. Described from Maksuk Island [?] in Arabia. Type in Berlin. Economic importance. Used by local populations as a source of potash for soap making. 2. S. florida (M. B.) Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 951.—Anabasis florida M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 190.—Salsola florida Poir. Encycl. Suppl. V (1817) 191.—S. pulla C. Koch in Linnaea XXII (1849) 190.— Anabasis cinerea Mog. in DC.Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 214. — Chenopodina picnantha C. Koch in Boiss.,1.c.,p.951.—Haloxylon floridum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 819.—Ic.: M. B. Ic. Cent. pl. rar. Ross. tab. 17; Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanznf. 16c, 2 Aufl. (1934), f.40 Q et R. Annual, 10 —50cm high, glabrous, divaricately branched from base, with whitish stem and opposite branches; leaves glaucous, glabrous, fleshy, obtuse, terete, the lower mostly subarcuately recurved, the upper dilated at base, approximate, with a tuft of hairs and a solitary flower in the axils; perianth segments oblong-oval, mostly 2-lobed at the summit, winged in fruit; wings rosy-red, rounded-obovate, narrowing toward base; fruit 1.75 —2 mm in diameter, concave at the top, slopingly dome-shaped below. July — August. Dry puffy solonchaks. — Caucasus: E.and 8S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the Kura River valley in Armenia. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Used like the preceding species. Also considered as good fattening feed for sheep. Genus 431. OFAISTON* RAFIN. Rafin. Fl. Tellur. III (1836) 46. Flowers perfect; perianth segments 3—5, the three outer with rudimentary wings on the back; stamen1,more rarely 2; anthers witha small appendage; ovary vertical, glabrous, with a short style and 2 subulate * The meaning of the name is unknown. According to J. Murr. (Asch.u. Gr. Syn. V, 1913, 213), derived in Pliny's writings from the Greek word hippoveston, signifying fuller's burr (spina fulloni a). 213 2 77 stigmas; flowers subtended by a pair of carinate bracteoles, forming a narrow spiciform inflorescence; embryo spiral. Annual plants with alternate leaves. A monotypic genus. 1. O.monandrum (Pall.) Moq. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 203; Shmal'g., Fl. Il, 3833) Kryls Hp Zaptsibo kV, S565 lin in sblrYus0-Vost-1V e2 245. Salsola monandra Pall. It. III (1776) 607, 635, 724. —S.dichotoma Pall.,1l.c., p. 604, 635, 637.— Anabasis monandra Schrad. Neues jour. III (1809) 89. -Halocnemum monandrum Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich. III, 4 (1800) 664. —Halogeton monandrus C.A.M. in Ldb. FI. Alt. 1 (1829) 379. Ofaiston pauciflorum Rafin, l.c. (1836) 46; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 837. — Ic.: Pall. Illustr. t. 31; Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 224, fig. 287. — Exs.: HFR no. 786. Annual, 5—40cm high, glaucous, mostly branched; stem erect or ascending like the lower branches, covered like the leaves with appressed asymmetrically 2-tipped hairs, subsequently glabrescent; leaves alternate except the lowermost, these long, linear-terete, fleshy, obtuse, half-clasping at base, usually deciduous when plant in fruit; all other leaves short, scalelike, ovate, shorter than fruiting perianth and bracteoles; flowers remote in a slender spiciform inflorescence, enveloped on two sides by bracteoles, these navicular and tubercled in lower part; perianth segments 3—5, distinct, acute, narrowing toward base, the three outer broader and with a rudimentary winglike dorsal protuberance in fruit, the two inner, when present, narrowed and without protuberance; fruit ovaloid or oblong- ovaloid, 2—3mm long and 1—1.5mm broad, with succulent fleshy pericarp; seed at the base of fruit,ca.1mm long. July—September. (Plate XIV, Figure 1a—d). Wet solonchaks. — European part: Transv., L.V.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Endemic. Described from the shores of Lake El'ton. Type in London. Genus 432. GIRGENSOHNIA* BGE. Bge. Rel. Lehm. (1851) 302; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 835. Flowers perfect, bracteolate, 5-merous; perianth distinct nearly to the base, 2 or 3 of them with winglike protuberance in fruit; stamens 5, inserted on a fleshy lobed hypogynous disk; anthers with narrow sublinear appendages; ovary with a short style and 2 stigmas; fruit vertical; seeds with spiral embryo, the radicle pointing upward. Annuals or undershrubs with stiff opposite leaves. The genus contains 6 species. 1. Stem and leaves glabrous, glaucous; perianth always with 2 wings .... Wiektine sulk @artslarleslay ag Seale ease cee 3. G.diptera Bge. ar Stem and leaves roughened by very short papillae; perianth wingless ORMSW MBO vy 6 ye: begawin aise 1a) dubs Ge tera yee ates Ee ees coe ae Pere aoe eee ae 2. Yellowish-green plants with slender branches imparting spherical shape; bracts and bracteoles strongly arched-recurved; fruiting perianth wingless. Kara-Kum Desert ....... 2. G.minima Eug. Kor. * Named for the investigator of peat bogs, G.K. Girgensohn. 214 ) 4 78 81 AP Glaucescent plants, often reddish-tinged; bracteoles terminating in a rather straight prickle; fruiting perianth always winged ....... SCARE Seo aoe ia Vans MMB Aes ces el a pat tg 1. G. oppositiflora (Pall.) Fenzl. 1. G. oppositiflora (Pall.) Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 835; Keyl, bla. sib. IW, 9975, "in in Pl. Yugo-Vest. IV, 226.— G. pallasii Bge. Rel. Lehm. (1851) 303.— G.heteroptera Bge.,l.c.—G.gypso- philoides Bge.,l.c.—Noaea oppositiflora Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 31.—Hologeton oppositiflorus C. A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 378. — Salsola oppositiflora Pall. It. II app. (1773) 735; Ilustr. (1803) 35.— Anabasis oppositiflora M.B. Mém. Soc. nat. Mosc. I (1806) 148.— A.-heteroptera Jaub. et Spach., Ill. pl. or. II (1844/46) 45.— Chenopodium oppositifolium Willd. Sp. pl. I (1797) fau@ aie.) Pallait., 1.c.,t.O; jMlustr. t. 2" (suby Salis o la): Jaub: et Spade we Cs tot; “Rl? Yugo-Wost. IV, 226, tips 2238. > Exs.? HER no.29. Annual, 10—50cm high, stiffish; often reddish; stem and leaf roughened by short prickles, the lower part of the stem often whitish; leaves subulate to subtrigonous-subulate, mostly subarcuate, terminating in a short slender spinule, dilated at the broadly scarious base, especially the upper, the margin commonly ciliolate; flowers all over the plant in the axils of leaflike bracts but mostly on short branchlets, in remote opposite spiciform inflorescences; bracteoles naviculate, shorter than perianth; perianth segments membranous, ovate or oblong, distinct nearly to base, the 3 outer bearing in fruit subrotund mostly reddish wings, of these the two lateral horizontally spreading, the posterior erect and appressed to stem, the two inner segments wingless; appendage of anther subulate to conical-subulate, white, one-fourth to one-half the length of the anther; ovary covered on the top with short capitate hairs; stigmas 2, very short; fruit strongly compressed, with glabrous smooth olivaceous-brown pericarp; seeds oval or oblong-oval, 1—2mm long and 0.8—1.5mm broad. June— August. (Plate XIV, Figure Dye Deserts; growing in groups on solonetzes and on solonetzic, clayey, gravelly, or often sandy loam soils.— Centr. Asia: throughout, but mainly in the plains. Gen. distr.: Iran., Dzu.-Kash. Described from the steppes along the lower reaches of the Ural River. Type in London. Economic importance. According to Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko, eaten readily by camels and sheep all the year round. 2. G.minima Eug. Kor. in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Bot. Petrop. V, 11—12 (1924) 2. Annual, 15 —30cm high, divaricately much branched from the base, spherical-bushy, yellowish-green, with slender branches, rough throughout with short stiff papillae; leaves subulate, arched-recurved, terminating in a slender spinule, dilated and white-hyaline-margined at base; bracts surpassing flowers; bracteoles navicular, rough-papillose, obtusely carinate, prickle-tipped, equaling or very slightly surpassing the flowers, in fruit distinctly shorter; flowers small, solitary or in pairs; perianth segments acute or acuminate, the three outer ovate, the two inner lanceolate, apparently none winged in fruit; stamens shorter than perianth; anthers with a linear appendage; stigmas very short; fruit oblong, forming a conical body above the seed; seed oval, 1—1.5mm long. May—June. 215 (279) PLATE XIV. 1. Ofaiston monandrum (Pall.) Moq.: a) branch, b) stamen, c) scale, d) perianth. — 2. Girgensohnia oppositiflora (Pall.) Fenzl: fragment with flowers.— 3. Nanophyton erinaceum (Pall.) Bge.: a) vegetative branch, b) fruiting branch, c) flower, d) stamen.— 4. Piptoptera turkestana Bge.: a) dorsal view of fruiting perianth, b) a perianth segment with wing fallen.— 5. Cornu- laca korshinskyi Litw.: a) branch, b) fruit.— 6. Halogeton glomeratus C.A.M.: a) branch, b) segment of fruiting perianth, c) fuit.— 7. Halocharis hispida C.A.M.: a) branch, b) stamen.— 8. Sympegma regelii Bge.: a) branch, b) inflorescences. 216 282 Saline hollows in sands. — Centr. Asia: Kara K. Endemic. Described from near the village of Bala-Ishem. Type in Tashkent; cotype in Leningrad. Note. No wings have been observed on any of the specimens investigated, not even on fall plants collected in September which had fully mature fruits. It may be assumed that properly developed wings are altogether absent in this species. 3. G.diptera Bge. Reliq. Lehm. (1851) 303; Anabas. rev. (1862) 33. Annual, 10 —40cm high, glaucous, branched from the base, glabrous; branches almost 4-angled; leaves on lower part of the stem subulate, dilated and hyaline-margined at base, prickle-tipped; those on upper part of the stem and on flowering branches closely approximate, broad- ovate, acute, subappressed, mostly subtending a solitary flower; bracteoles navicular, carinate, smooth, somewhat shorter than flower; two anterior perianth segments broad-ovate, 1-nerved, with well developed wing considerably above the middle, the two narrow nerveless lateral segments and the broader posterior one wingless; anthers with a very small slightly elongated appendage; stigmas 2, very short; fruit ovaloid, glabrous, 1.5— 1.75 mm long, very slightly surpassing the seed. May—June. Desert plant communities on saline, gravelly, and pebbly soils. — Centr. Asia: Syr D., Pam.-Al. (Samarkand). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Samarkand. Type in Leningrad. Genus 433. ANABASIS* L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 223; Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 1104, Flowers perfect, 5-merous; bracteoles shorter than flowers; perianth segments membranous, obtuse, the posterior and two anterior ones broader, the other two narrower, mostly at least three of the segments winged, more rarely wingless; stamens 5, unappendaged, the filaments united into a hypogynous disk and alternating with semiorbicular or oblong staminodal lobes; ovary with 2 or 3 short thick stigmas; fruit berrylike; seed vertical, with spiral embryo. Plants with jointed stems and reduced or obsolete opposite leaves; mostly undershrubs or perennials. The genus contains about 30 species. Russian: ezhovnik. 1. Fruiting perianth wingless (Section 3. Brachylepis Schrenk) ... 2. ae Real apeperianth wwin Gedy, «eich SQsul IW. val pe Sere. PIS ep ES EEK coe 4. 2. Green shoots inserted on a firm woody mostly multicipital caudex arising from a taproot; a bluish-glaucescent plant; middle leaves oblong to oblong-ovate, semiterete, bristle-tipped, recurved ........ Ey Fe ee eee Me hn kee A tke a mS Le 9. A. eriopoda (Schrenk) Benth. ae Green shoots inserted on normal woody branched twigs ......... 3. 3. Plants 5—25cm high, with reduced woody twigs in lower part; leaves 2—5mm long (lower and middle), arched-recurved .............. oi Od eg aU Ge er ee 7. A. salsa (C. A. M.) Benth. ae Plants 20 —50cm high, with long woody twigs; leaves rudimentary, 1—2mm long, mostly appressed to stem, more rarely spreading or almost Sealelike psc tin wycr-iayot een ay pee Bo yon 8. A. ramosissima Minkw. * From Greek anabasis, ascent, first occurring in Pliny's writings. D7, 283 uO 5402 Wings erect, firmly adhering to fruit, greatly surpassing the perianth and ‘aboutsas»long-asi or) shorter than,the fruity. ik). 9.4 )-te peeene ce D. Wings spreading or erect but not firmly enveloping and longer than thesfrwitis rare thes ey fe tie ged. Srp aaholsy sate, AA aes pean Geer ance cae 6. Stem prominently 4-angled; leaves with a yellowish or reddish membranous periphery and a narrow colorless scarious margin, always glumaceous-pointed ..... 11. A. turkestanica Eug. Kor. et Ijin. Stem terete; leaves in upper part of stem rounded at apex, not pointed; Wings developing imilatesfalley | 20: [> . fee. iee 10. A. ferganensis Drob. Leaves always developed, terete, never scalelike; ovary and fruit with granulose apparently glandular pericarp (Section 2. Adeno- p voway Wijim oa .t besa tome meade en ots Gals tc; Fayre aeuiaieent ene Biioee Ns Beret Saale 7. Leaves variously shaped; ovary and fruit smooth, not glandular Seetion:44.0himl analbris swe ees)idiia siti, hoaeonee lane Gee oe 1X Ananda splant Sse ete 1s Grin -t it Rae Menege Mies 1. A. micradena I[]jin. Perenniall plantsrnad Weal. thee eos rare fs eens dec yed eelraeeeaome, eeemons 8. Plants rough with papillae, these sometimes discernible only witha TMA GTUENS TS Fie Let See DRAGS 02 tide Leenks a (ies «gaye Sig qe a eS 9. Plantsiquitessmocth: not:papillose. e244. 8 an pee) ae. 6s Rhey yee eee 10. Plants distinctly and densely papillose on the green stems and leaves, forming a true caudex covered with white hairs. Alai and TienShan... SPY ee ee ee ise a asgdole Petite tee ad Golctio ey ak 2. A. pelliotii P. Danguy. Plants obsoletely papillose, forming a very small undershrub, the woody part consisting of very short closely approximate lignified EWESS 2 ZieaSAI pT stiss. thn Mw) <5. sa yeh ek "sa gree 4, A.affinis Fisch. et Mey. Stems yellowish-green, 4-angled, arising from a proper caudex. Near the Ulu-Tau Mountains......... 3. A.turgaica [ljin et Krasch. StemesrelLaviGescent -Oreen, LEReLe: ..:. pe abewe \ alte ai «ch wr Siw) lente ene isl Leaves 3—5mm long, terminating in a slender straight or recurved bristle. Chuya Steppe in Altai and the Dzungarian Ala-Tau ......... RB 5 shh SRG iy FRR ete, > CREME mate yee chsh 6. A. brevifolia C. A. M. Leaves 5—8&mm long, terminating in thickish arched-incurved bristle. Naeyn River Un ven SMa ema ame, sero ceeds el ee et core 5. A. abolini Ijin. Plants covered with minute papillifeorm hairs 0.27 -".. sae. ee BOGOy ks MEM citar 2 za RCERMRERe tay NAT ec a ge Coane ae 23. A. hispidula (Bge.) Benth. Plants*slabrous' and ‘smlooth’.7:..° 2... > aie ste = es es ee eee 13. nlemis sometimes unbwanched <3. 4): "2-1 ioc «6. + aye ie eee 14. stems; branched 44 vio Bee «2 4oRenk) baer ye. dade bee bot ib. Only three perianth segments winged ......... 13. A. cretacea Pall. All five perianth segments winged ........ 14. A.macroptera Mog. Leaves rudimentary, scalelike, obtuse or acute, without a terminal CUSploMmbristles ah ascls, 235 bred . she See « Gh aiyey ety iateye ot eee 16. Leaves always terminating in a. bristlejortcusp ......--. 4-5 .-6 ioe Low plants, 5—15cm in height; green stems inserted on a woody caudex arising froma taproot; branches short, mostly arched- recurved; .all five:perianthseamentsiwimeged, « fig. 5)— Exs.? HER no. 2785: — Vernacular name: (b'yurgen). Undershrub, mostly 5—25 cm high, with woody profusely ramified branches in lower part; annotinous shoots numerous, pale green or glaucescent or intensely glaucous (var. glauca Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1841) 731), terete, 1 —2 mm in diameter at base, glabrous, always rather strongly branched; internodes either elongated (up to 40mm) or much reduced (to 2—3mm); leaves fleshy, the lower and middle 2—5mm long, semiterete, in lower half mostly very slightly dilated, obtusish, often terminating in a very short caducous bristle, commonly arched-recurved, the upper obsolescent; bracts broad, scalelike, ovate- trigonous, obtusish; flowers solitary, forming a spiciform inflorescence; bracteoles lateral, broad-ovate, herbaceous, obtuse, much shorter than flowers; perianth segments membranous, obtuse, unchanged in fruit; filaments of stamens alternating with ovate fleshy glandular-ciliate staminodal lobes; fruit broad-ovate, succulent, red, containing blood-red juice, always slightly exserted. July —August. Solonchaks gravitating to solonetz, desert plant communities on gravelly solonetzic soil, wormwood-solonchak deserts, takyrs, and puffy solonchaks; growing in massive stands. — European part: L.V.; Caucasus: E. Transc. (Baku); W. Siberia: U. Tob.,Irt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from three locations in present- day Kazakhstan: 1) western part, 2) Zaisan, and 3) shores of the Caspian Sea. Type in Leningrad. 222 Note. An exceedingly polymorphic species, varying in the length of leaves and internodes, as well as in the succulence and color of stems. Thus E. Korovin separated the species A.depressa Eug. Kor. (in N. V. Pavlov, Komplexsn. pust. Karsakpaya 1931, 117 et Bull. Univ. As. Med., 20,4 (1935), 189) which, in our opinion, is merely a form of A. salsa. As regards A.ramosissima Minkv., this is also but a recent race of the same species, connected with it by numerous transitions and included within its distribution area (even though confined to its southern part) and differing only in quantitative characters. Economic importance. The plant is of great importance as food for camels. It covers extensive areas and provides fattening forages for these animals in fall and winter. It is eaten readily in spring but reluctantly in summer. Horses, sheep, and goats are not much attracted to it. According to local reports, the plant, when eaten by horses, causes falling of mane and tall hairs and sometimes shedding of hoofs. The grazing value is estimated at 160—300kg per hectare. Analysis of plants from West Kazakhstan ([former] Adai County) before flowering gave the following percentage composition for air-dry weight: hygroscopic water 5.88, ash 29.69 —31.55, cellulose 10.98 —11.67, crude protein 11.24 —11.94, pure albumin 6.18—6.44, amides 0.16 —0.17, crude fat ibe 832) 11 5 9)3), nitrogen-free extract 40.39 —42.91, soluble carbohydrates 1.08 —1.15 before and 1.15—1.20 after inversion, starch equivalent 30.12 —32.01. The results for flowering plants (2 analyses) were: hygroscopic water 5.67 —5.30; ash 31.19 —33.06, 30.08 —31.85; cellulose 12.07 —12.80, 13.57 —14.34, crude protein 8.96 —9.50, 10.12 —10.69; crude fat 1.39 —1.47, 2.15—2.27; nitrogen-free extract 40.72 —43.17, 38.78 —40.85; starch equivalent 28.93 —30.95, 28.98 — 30.49. Four analyses of fruiting plants — (1) from the Mugodzhary Hills, (2) and (3) from Adai County, and (4) from the Mangyshlak Peninsula — gave the following results: hygroscopic water: 5.90 —5.30, 4.48— 7.99; ash 21.34 —22.67, 28.57 —30.17, 28.06 —30.00, 24.93—27.09; cellulose 15.35 —16.35, 12.86 —13.58, 11.70—12.25, 11.47—12.47; crude protein 9.54—10.13, 9.58 —10.12, 8.53 —8.93, 13.11 —14.25; pure albumin (only from the fourth sample) 8.92 —9.75; erude fat 2.67 —2.83; 2.04—2.15, 2.24 —2.35, 1.61 —1.75; nitrogen-free extract 45.20—48.02, 41.65 —43.98, 44.99 —46.47, 40.89 —44.44; soluble carbohydrates (only from fourth sample) 0.74 —0.81 before, and 0.80— 0.87 after inversion; starch equivalent 33.06 —35.11, 30.44 —32.23, 31.91 —33.40, 31.03 —33.80 (I. Larin). No alkaloids have been detected in this species. Fruit-bearing plants from West Kazakhstan had the following percentage composition: ash 19.05, hygroscopic water 5.53, K 0.94, Na2.34, Cl 0.83, P,O, 0.15, S 0.08, SiO, 2.06, Fe 0.20, CaO 5.95, MgO 1.41. The soluble salt content, computed for sodium, may amount in this plant to 1.36%, while Glauber's salt is absent. The percentage composition of the ash was found to be: SiO, 10.82, Fe 1.04, CaO 31.22, MgO 7.36, S 0.42, K 4.93, War 1223 07 asin): 8. A. ramosissima Minkw. in Bull. Jard. Bot. XIV, 3 (1914) 232 et in O. et B. Fedtsch. Consp. Fl. Turk. VI (1916) 254.—_Brachylepis ramo- sissima Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenf. 16c, 2 Aufl. (1934) 577. — Exs.: HFR no. 3087. 223 290 291 Undershrub, 20—50cm high; branches in the lower part of the plant profusely ramified, rather long, woody, often transversely fissured, giving rise to numerous annual shoots, these glaucescent, glabrous, ca. 2.5—-3mm in diameter at base, terete in lower part, obtusely 4-angled in upper part, consisting of 12 —20 internodes; leaves rather undeveloped, the lower and middle mostly not more than 2mm long, thickish, semiterete, sometimes with a very short caducous bristle, the others or almost all scalelike, appressed obtusish; flowers solitary or in pairs, forming a spiciform inflorescence; bracteoles lateral, rounded-ovate, scarious-margined, shorter than flowers; perianth segments scarious, obtuse, little changed in fruit, wingless, three rounded-oval and two oblong; filaments of stamens alternating with semiorbicular staminodal lobes; fruit broad-ovate, reddish-purple, succulent, with blood-red juice, slightly exserted. July — August. Gypsiferous clays, takyrs, chalks, and solonchak deserts. Covers extensive areas, often forming pure stands. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz.K., Syr D. Endemic. Described from numerous specimens, the first being from Saksaul'skaya station, and this one may be considered as the type. Type in Leningrad. Note. See note to A.salsa (C. A.M.) Benth. 9. A. eriopoda (Schrenk) Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. pl. III (1883) 73. — Brachylepis eriopoda Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. Petersb. I (1843) 360; Fenzl in Lab. FI. Ross., Ill, 827; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 971; Bge. Anab. rev., 49. — Ic.: Acta Univ. As. Med. ser. VIIIB, 21, fig.3. — Exs.: HFR no. 1889b. Undershrub, 10 —30cm high, glaucous, almost bluish, glabrous, usually hemispherical; root straight, cylindric, long, blackish, ca. 1—2cm in diameter; caudex woody, capitate, woolly-tomentose at the base of stems; stems very numerous, 2—5mm in diameter at the subterete base, in upper part obtusely 4-angled like the branches, wrinkled on drying, profusely divaricately branched from the lower third, consisting of 10—15 internodes woolly-tufted at base, the lowest elongated; leaves at base of stem | scalelike, the lower oblong-ovate, to 6—10mm long, the middle oblong-ovate to lanceolate and 2—5mm long; all leaves terminating in a colorless bristle 2—5 mm long, arched-recurved to pendulous, only the uppermost ascending; flowers solitary in axils; bracteoles lateral, herbaceous, obtusely keeled, prickly, shorter than the flowers; perianth segments scarious, obtuse, oval or the inner oblong, obsoletely and irregularly toothed at apex, unchanged in fruit; staminodal lobes broad, ciliate; stigmas subulate, short, thickish; fruit broad-ovoid to globular, 3—5 (6) mm long, berrylike, yellow or orange (drying black), greatly surpassing the perianth. June — August. (Plate XV, Figure 1). Mostly takyrs; also chalks, solonchak Haloxylon communities, especially sandy-clay and gravelly-solonchak deserts with wormwood- dominated communities. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kara K. (Dzhebel), Kyz. K. Amu D., T. Sh. (very rarely: Issyk-kul'). Gen. distr.: Iran? Described from the Chu River. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Eaten only by camels, rather reluctantly and mostly in fall and winter. Analysis of fruit-bearing plants from the Ust-Urt Plateau gave the following air-dry weight percentage composition: 224 hygroscopic water 5.31, ash 35.26 —37.24, cellulose 4.96 —5.23, crude Brotem 5.976.391, crude fat 2.46.—2.607 nitrogen-free extract 46.09—48.62, starch equivalent 32.27—34.05 (I. Larin). In Fergana the plant provides a source of potash for home production of soap. In addition to potassium, the ash contains a large amount of sodium (Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko). Note. The species described by E. Korovin from Lake Balkhash, A.echinopoda Eug. Kor. in Herb. Univ. As. Med., appears to be identical with A.eriopoda and conforms in all characters to the original specimens of the latter. Section 4. EUANABASIS Bge. Anab. rev. (1862) 36. — Section Monanthos Eug. Kor. in Bull. As. Med. f. 20, 4 (1935) 189 (p. p.). — flowers solitary; perianth segments winged in fruit, the wings rather large and always surpassing the smooth succulent fruit. 10. A.ferganica Drob. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sc. Petr. XVI (1916) 143.—Brachylepis ferganica Ulbrich in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenf. 16c, 2 Aufl. (1934) 577. —Ic.: Drob., 1. c., t. XVII, f. III, 1—4. — Exs.: HFR no. 1889a (sub A.eriopoda). Undershrub 20—70cm high, glabrous, pale green or somewhat glaucescent; root blackish, often multicipital and passing into a caudex, this giving rise to several stems; stems terete or obscurely and obtusely 4-angled, often very thick at base, 4—8&mm in diameter, mostly with 15 —30 internodes, branched from the base; branches long, in lower part arcuately spreading, then upcurved and upright (f.candelabra Iljin) or divaricate (f.divaricata Iljin); leaves very short, scalelike, the lower broad-ovate to suborbicular, with white scarious margin, 2—7mm long including the white-scarious recurved point, partly adnate and in upper part of the stem scarcely evident as semiorbicular scales; flowers solitary; bracteoles lateral, navicular, oval or broader, scarious, much shorter than perianth; perianth segments mostly rounded-ovate, scarious, tardily winged in fruit slightly above the middle; wings semiorbicular or broadly obovate, adherent to and as long as the fruit, entire, roseate (always ?), at least twice the length of the perianth; stems with filaments united high up into a crown somewhat shorter than the perianth and bearing semiorbicular glandular lobes; styles short; fruit subglobular, berrylike, 3.5 —5 mm in diameter, yellow, greatly surpassing the perianth including wings. April— August. Saline, sandy-clay, and clayey deserts and takyrs, red sandstone, conglomerates, pebbles, and loess slopes. — Centr. Asia: Kara K. (SE), Syr D., Amu D., Pam.-Al.(W.). Gen. distr.: Afghanistan (?). Described from the Fergana Valley, near the village of Vuadil' on the Ankhor River (in the flowering stage). Type in Leningrad. 11. A.turkestanica Eug. Kor. et Iljin in Addenda \V, p. 666. Undershrub, 30 —50cm high, with a long blackish taproot; stems mostly few, pale green, stoutish, 4—10mm in diameter at base, prominently 4-angled, glabrous, covered with minute glandular warts visible under 225 (293) PLATE XV. 1. Anabasis eriopoda (C.A.M.) Benth.— 2. A.brachiata Fisch.et Mey.: a) stem, b) fragment of stem enlarged.— 3. A.hispidula (Bge.) Bent.: fruiting perianth.— 4. A.truncata (Schrenk) Bge.: a) fragment of stem, b) perianth.— 5. A.korovinii Iljin.— 6. A.gypsicola Ijin: fragment of stem.— 7. A.turkestanica Eug.Kor.et Iljin.— 8. A.brevifolia C.A.M.: habit.— 9, Same: ovary.— 10. A. pelliotii P.Danguy: fragment of stem. 226 2 a 95 magnification, averaging 20—25 internodes, branching from base; leaves at stem base reduced to very broad approximate appressed scales; others broadly triangular to triangular-ovate, with yellowish or reddish membranous hyaline-margined periphery and paleaceous point 2 —3mm long, spreading, 6 —9mm long including the point; flowers solitary in the axils; bracteoles lateral, membranous, oval, stiffish in middle part, shorter than flowers; perianth segments membranous, obtuse; filaments of stamens alternating with staminodal lobes, these oval, thickened at the margin and ciliate-glandular, half the length of the perianth or shorter; fruit resembling that of the preceding species. July. (Plate XV, Figure 7). Argillaceous solonchak deserts. — Centr. Asia: Syr D. Endemic. Described from near Kara-Kamysh well in the Golodnaya Steppe. Type in Leningrad. 12. A. brachiata Fisch. et Mey. ex Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 433; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 825; Bge. Anab. rev. (1862) 39; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 960. Undershrub, 15 —25 cm high, glabrous, yellowish-green; root long, cylindric, straight, light brown; caudex firm, woody, often multicipital, hairy-tomentose at stem base; stems numerous, distinctly 4-angled, very brittle, 2—5mm in diameter, patulous-branched, minutely puncticulate (magnifier !); internodes 10 —20, distinctly short-attenuate at base; branches in lower part horizontally spreading to slightly deflexed, then upcurved candelabra-like; leaves scalelike, 2.5—5mm long, broadly triangular-ovate, prickle-pointed, slightly convex beneath, concave above, spreading, woolly-hairy in the axils; flowers solitary; bracteoles short, herbaceous, navicular-carinate; perianth segments membranous, either oval obtuse or partly narrower oblong, all winged in fruit; wings orbicular or rounded-reniform or broadly obovate, roseate, upright; fruit ovate or rotund, small. (Plate XV, Figure 2a—b). Chalks, calcareous and gypseous slopes; growing in small groups. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Baku — a dubious record); Centr Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kara K. (N.), Kyz. K., Syr D. Endemic. Described from the E. shore of the Caspian Sea (Novo-Aleksandrovskaya fort). Type in Leningrad. Note. There is a single old specimen from the Caucasus, collected near Baku as far back as 1830, and no confirmation has yet come from more recent collections. Economic importance. The plant is eaten reluctantly by camels only in fall and winter (I. Larin). 13. A.cretacea Pall. It. 1 (1771) 442, app. 493; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 824; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 384; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 959; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 228; Bge. Anab. rev. (1862) 36.—Ic.: Pall. Illustr. (1803) tab. IX. Undershrub, 4 —10cm high, glabrous, yellowish-green; root stout, often tortuous; caudex firm, compactly multicipital, woody, hairy at stem base; stems numerous, tightly approximate, unbranched, with 5 —8 internodes, subterete, on drying obtusely 4-angled, 1.5—3mm in diameter at base; leaves scalelike, triangular-ovate, acutish, broadly scarious-margined, horizontally spreading to ascending, forming with opposite scale a short somewhat divergent sheath, hairy within; flowers solitary in the axils, 227 296 297 laterally bracteolate; bracteoles membranous, navicular, shorter than flowers; perianth segments membranous, obtuse, the outer broad-oval, the inner oblong, the three outer developing in fruit suborbicular wings (these roseate in fresh condition), the others wingless or sometimes with small narrower wings; fruit berrylike, ovate or rounded-ovate, compressed, purple or orange. July— August. Chalk, limestone, marl, mottled clay, and rarely gravelly slopes on other formations; growing in small groups. — European part: L. Don, L. V.; W. Siberia: U. Tob.(S.); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. (N.). Fndemic. Described from Mt. Uchki in [the former] Ural Region. Economic importance. Not eaten by any kind of livestock (I. Larin). 14. A.macroptera Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 213; Bge. Anab. rev. (1862) 37. Undershrub, 3 —10(?) cm high, with a long contorted grayish-brown root and a firm woody tightly multicipital caudex woolly-tomentose at stem base; stems very numerous, glaucescent, glabrous, with 6 —12 internodes, unbranched, obtusely terete on drying, brittle; leaves scalelike, scarious- margined, very broadly triangular, very short, obtusish, with dense short hairs in the axils; flowers solitary, laterally bracteolate; bracteoles membranous, small; perianth segments membranous, obtuse, the three outer rounded-oval, the two inner oblong, all developing in fruit semi- orbicular or broadly obovate wings, these broader on the outer segments; staminodal lobes oblong-oval, long-ciliate; fruit berrylike. Mottled sandstones. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Chon-Guz River in the Kochkorka District). Gen. distr.: Iran. (Afghanistan). Described from W. Afghanistan (vicinity of Topcha, according to Bunge; vicinity of Bamyan, according to Boissier). Type in London. Note. Iam not fully convinced that our specimen does in fact belong to this species, since I had to rely on the description. The species was determined by E. Korovin. 15. A.truncata (Schrenk) Bge. Anab. rev. (1862) 38; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV,960.—Brachylepis truncata Schrenk in Bull. phys. -math. Acad. Pétersb. II (1844) 193; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 828.— Anabasis kareliniana Fenzl in Ldb.,1.c. (1851) 825. Undershrub, 5—15cm high, glabrous, glaucescent, more rarely pale green; root stout, long, cylindric, longitudinally splitting, mostly tortuous, light brown; caudex firm, woody, multicipital, woolly at stem base; stems numerous, 1.5 —2mm in diameter at base, obtusely 4-angled to subterete, 8 —12-jointed, in upper part with few horizontally spreading branchlets to 3cm long; leaves reduced to broadly triangular-ovate obtusish or acute (but not prickle-pointed) broadly scarious-margined scales ca. 1 —2 mm long, connate in pairs and forming a short sheath, hairy in the axils; flowers solitary in the axils, with membranous navicular bracteoles; perianth segments membranous, obtuse and mostly denticulate at apex, the outer oval or rounded-oval, the inner oblong; fruit globose or transversely ovaloid, somewhat compressed, yellowish-brown (black when dry),2—3mm long. July — August. (Plate XV, Figure 4 a, b). 228 98 Chalk, mottled clay, and gravelly solonchak slopes. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Kara- Kingir River. Type in Leningrad. Note. Tall specimens of this species, up to 20—25 cm in height, occur in the Zaisan area (var.rezniczenkoi Ijin). Similarly tall plants, with long pendulous branches and large wings occur along the Zeravshan River (var.seravschanica Iljin, in Pasrud). Here also belongs the species established by E. Korovin, A.bracteolata Eug. Kor. (in Herb. Univ. As. Med.). Economic importance. Eaten reluctantly by camels only in fall and winter. 16. A. aphylla L. Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 223; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 822; Bge. Anab. rev.,40; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 383; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 961; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 228.— A.tatarica Pall. Illustr. (1803) 13. —Ie.: Peli. aCe aoe hl Uupo-VOSt Aveo Att xs. oil: CAUCHEXSiA NO. aa150 WHR no. 3086a—c. — Vernacular name: itsegek. Undershrub, 30 —75 cm high, branched from the base, glabrous, with succulent terete leafless branches; leaves reduced to barely distinct obtuse broadly triangular scales connate in pairs into short sheaths hairy in the axils; flowers perfect, solitary in the axils of obtuse lanceolate or linear-lanceolate bracteoles, borne at the ends of stems and branches and forming spiciform inflorescences; bracteoles much shorter than flowers; perianth 1.5—2.5mm long; segments distinct, concave, the three outer rounded-oval to suborbicular, developing in fruit rounded-reniform yellowish or faintly roseate upright wings, the two narrower inner segments wingless or with rudimentary wings; stigmas short and thick; fruit succulent. Solonetzes, solonetzic solonchaks, takyrs, solonchak Haloxylon communities, loess sierozems, sands with a high brackish watertable, and old irrigated crop fields; growing in groups or scattered, often over considerable areas. — European part: Bl. (rarely near the Sea of Azov), Crim.(N.), L. Don (S.), L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., E. and S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Syr D. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran.(W.), Dzu.-Kash. Described from the shores of the Caspian Sea. Type in London. Note. Reports for the Black Sea region and the Crimea must be regarded as doubtful. Economic importance. This plant contains the alkaloid anabasine (CigHigN5), related to nicotine. Although this alkaloid was discovered only in 1929, it has already acquired considerable economic importance. Anabasine plays animportant role as an insecticide and replaces nicotine in this respect. It is employed in the form of anabasine sulfate, anabasine base, and solid anabasine. The alkaloid is chiefly contained by young green branchlets. Anabasine is also highly toxic to man, several drops of pure anabasine representing a lethal dose. Production takes place at present at the Chimkent Santonin Works. Industrial use is based exclusively on wild stands which occupy large areas in Kazakhstan and are almost inexhaustible owing to the regeneration capacity of the plants. Other alkaloids present, beside anabasine, are lupinin, aphyllin, and aphyllinin. 229 299 Analysis of the plant disclosed an alkaloid content of 1.49 to 2.44 percent and 0.17 percent ammonia. The plant is not eaten by any kind of livestock. Analysis of West Kazakhstan plants gave the following percentage composition on an air-dry basis (two samplings): 1) [former] Gur'ev County, and 2) [former] Dzhambul County: hygroscopic water 7.64 — 89653 "ash 9G — 1Ois1e 6192 161522) cellulose i i.0) ihe jo; 6.93— 7.59; crude protein 12.09—13.12, 20.96 —22.95; albumin (from first sample only) 7.12—7.74; alkaloids (determined only for second sample) 2.24—2.44; crude fat 1.19—1.29, 1.64—1.79; nitrogen- free extract 51.83—56.24, 44.90 —49.15; soluble carbohydrates (first sample only) 1.00—1.09 before, and2.57— 2.79 after inversion; corresponding starch equivalents 37.05—39.97. Fruiting Kazakhstan plants from Adai County gave: hygroscopic water 8.25, ash 19.31 —21.05, cellulose 7.32 —7.88, crude protein 15.22—16.59, alkaloids’ 1.36 —1:49, crude fat 2.61 —2.84, nitrogen-free extract 47.38 — 51.64, starch equivalent 36.57 —39.82. The plant is used for soap production; some 40—70kg of dry herbage burn down to a bagful of ash and this yields about 1.5kg salts (I. Larin). Young plants from the Volga Delta contained 19% ash on an air-dry basis, of this 44% water-soluble with the following composition: K,SO,4 8.4180 g, KCL 4.9542, NaCl 10.6161, Na,CO, 10.0098, free sodium bicarbonate 5.5249 (Goebel). Fruit-bearing plants from West Kazakhstan contained 18.04% ash: K 2.48, Na 2.98, Cl 0.40, P 2.05, S 0.57, Si 0.2 —0.63, Fe 0.03, CaO 1.33, MgO 0.57; computed for sodium the soluble salt content would amount to 0.66. The ash contained SiO, 3.54, Fe 0.16, CaO 7.36, MgO 3.27, S 3.16, K 13.79, and Na 16.51 (I. Larin). 17. A. balchaschensis Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, II (1936) 131. Undershrub, 15 —40cm high, profusely branched, the stems and woody twigs covered withlight gray bark; green shoots branching, glabrous; internodes 10—20mm long and 1—2mm thick, subterete, smooth, the uppermost shorter; flowers solitary in the axils of scales at the ends of branches, forming very loose inflorescences; bracteoles suborbicular, convex, obtuse, thickish, scarious-margined; perianth segments small, suborbicular or oval, thickish in lower part, scarious above, obtuse, indurated in fruit, to 2mm long, winged at summit; wings broadly obovate to reniform, 2.5 —3.5 mm broad and 2.5—3 mm long, erect or slightly declinate, entire; lobes of the hypogynous disk thin, scarious, not thickened at the margin; stigmas 5; Fl.end of July—September; fr. September — October. Gravelly deserts; penetrating into sands. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Chu River valley. Type in Leningrad. 18. A. pauciflora M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda p. 667. Undershrub, profusely branched, 30 —40cm high, with stoutish spreading branches; leaves reduced to very short scales united ina sheath; flowers few, solitary, borne on lateral branches, but not forming a spiciform inflorescence as in the preceding species; perianth relatively large; segments almost flat, all winged at summit; wings small, subhorizontally spreading. Fr. October. 230 300 Argillaceous solonchak slopes. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Described from the shores of Lake Balkhash where it was collected near Koundrad. Endemic. Type in Alma-Ata. Note. I have not seen the plant myself. Its inclusion in the Flora of the USSR is based on a description sent by M. G. Popov. 19. A. gypsicola Iljin in Mat. Komiss. exsp. issl. Akad. Nauk, no. 26 (1930) 278. Undershrub to 50cm high, profusely branched from the base; stems and annual branches distinctly 4-angled, glabrous, smooth; leaves reduced to scales, deltoid-triangular, greenish below, yellowish toward apex, terminating in a long slender point, with a tuft of hairs in the axil; flowers solitary in the axils; perianth segments membranous, three broader and developing in fruit semiorbicular wings, the other two oblong and unchanged in fruit; filaments of stamens alternating with oblong fimbriate staminodal lobes; fruit ovate. July. (Plate XV, Figure 6). Loose gypsiferous clays. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., T. Sh. (Kara-Tau foothills). Endemic. Described from four locations, the first of which was Chagrai on the Ust-Urt Plateau. Type in Leningrad. 20. A.elatior (C. A. M.) Schischk. in Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV (1930) 961. — A.phyllophora Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XIV (1841) 731; _ Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 822; Bge. Anab. rev. (1862) 41.— A. subulifolia Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Pétersb. I (1843) 360.— Brachylepis elatior C.A.M.in Bull. de 1'Acad. de St. Pétersb. VIII (1840) 341; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross., III, 826.— B.intermedia Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 432.—Ic.: Bong. et Mey. Verzeichn. d. Pfl. am. Saisangnor. (1842) tab. 15. Undershrub, 15 — 35cm high, glabrous, in the old lower woody part rather loosely and repeatedly branched, with grayish bark; stems numerous, erect or somewhat ascending, pale green, glabrous, slightly wrinkled when dry, terete (except for the youngest twigs which become somewhat 4-angled on drying), simple or more often branched in the inflorescence or in the upper part, with 10 —20 internodes, in lowest part 1.5—2.5 (rarely 3)mm in diameter, the branches obliquely ascending; leaves trigonous-subulate, usually appressed to stem, mostly 2—3(rarely to 5)mm long including the united portion, terminating in a colorless bristle 1.5—2.5 mm long; flowers solitary in the axils, forming dense spiciform inflorescences at the ends of stems and branches; bracteoles shorter than flowers, navicular, membranous; perianth segments obtuse, the outer rounded-ovate, winged in fruit about the middle, the semiorbicular or reniform yellowish or roseate wings usually convex, the inner narrower and wingless; fruit succulent, rotund, 2—3mm in diameter, compressed, yellow or roseate. July — August. Solonchak Haloxylon communities, solonchak sand borders, desert plant communities on gravelly saline soils. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from Lake Zaisan. Type in Leningrad. 21. A.korovini Iljin in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, IT (1936). Undershrub, 12 —20cm high, with taproot giving rise near the surface to numerous branches, these tufted, slender, short, woody, branched in turn; annual shoots glaucescent or glaucous, glabrous, subterete or obscurely 231 301 302 4-angled, simple and subarcuately ascending in lower part, branched only in upper part or in inflorescence, with 10—15 internodes, 1.25 —1.75mm in diameter at base; leaves subulate, 2—3mm long, spreading and slightly recurved, terminating in a colorless caducous bristle 1.5—3mm long; flowers in the axils of very short broad rounded obtuse scalelike bracts; bracteoles small, carinate, shorter than flowers, herbaceous, scarious- margined; perianth segments membranous, broad-oval, obtuse, two of them narrower, oblong, three broader, winged in fruit slightly above the middle; wings semiorbicular, subopaque, at first roseate, erect; filaments of stamens alternating with oblong glandular-fimbriate lobes of the disk, these somewhat shorter than perianth; stigmas short, thickish; fruit oblong-oval to oval, compressed, fleshy, ca.2—3mm long. July —August. (Plate XV, Figure 5). Gravelly and clayey slopes of cone-shaped hills. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh.(E.). Endemic. Described from the Ketmen Range between Achenakho and Kol'dzhat. Type in Leningrad. 22. A. jaxartica (Bge.) Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. pl. III (1883) 73. — Brachylepis jaxartica Bge.in A.H.P. VI, 2 (1880) 443. —Ic.: Opr. rast. Tashk. IT (1924), fig. 136. Undershrub, 15 — 30cm high, grayish-green, glabrous; root long, cylindric, to 1.5—2cm in diameter; caudex firm, woody, often multicipital, woolly-hairy in scale axils; stems rather numerous, with at least 12 internodes, divaricately much branched slightly above the base, in lower part subterete, in upper part almost 4-angled like the branches; leaves ovate, the upper mostly rounded-ovate, all scarious-margined, somewhat convex beneath, terminating in a prickle or a very short bristle and together with it 3—5mm long, subhorizontally spreading, with a tuft of hairs in the axil; flowers solitary in the axils, forming a very loose spiciform inflorescence; bracteoles navicular, herbaceous, carinate, shorter than flowers; perianth segments membranous, with almost pellucid margins, minutely and irregularly erose-toothed, obtuse, the outer oval, the inner oblong; stigmas thick, obtuse, short; fruit unknown. June. Dry solonchaks, and stony solonetzic slopes. — Centr. Asia: Syr D., Dzu.-Tarb. Endemic. Described from a location between the Syr Darya River and the city of Tashkent. Type in Leningrad. 23. A. hispidula (Bge.) Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. pl. III (1883) 73. — “Beachylepiis hijspidwla Bee. in Aye Paves (1 es0)443. Undershrub, 25 —50cm high, light grayish-green, covered throughout with very short hairs; root long, cylindric, to 1.5—2cm in diameter; caudex compactly capitate, woody, to 5—10cm in diameter, densely woolly in scale axils; stems numerous, with 12 —17 internodes, divaricately much branched slightly above the base, terete in lower part, almost 4-angled above like the branches; leaves reduced, 3—5 mm long, ovate to oblong- ovate, horizontally spreading, with a tuft of hairs in the axil, the lower scalelike, yellowish-membranous, hyaline-margined, acuminate, the upper and especially the ramal thickish, grayish-green, prickle-pointed; flowers solitary in the axils; segments oval, obtuse, membranous, semipellucid, 232 303 minutely erose-toothed, two or three winged in fruit near the summit; wings orbicular or obovate, rosy-purple, irregularly incised-toothed, mostly spreading; fruiting perianth including wings 8—12mm across; fruit berrylike, ovate, dark, 4—6mm long and 3—5 mm in diameter, beaked. June — August. (Plate XV, Figure 3). Gravelly and argillaceous-gravelly slopes, usually in wormwood desert-steppe foothill areas. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from the Karakskaya Steppe in Syr Darya Region. Type in Leningrad. Genus 434. ARTHROPHYTUM * SCHRENK. Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. St. Peétersb. III (1845) 211. Flowers perfect, 5-merous, with lateral herbaceous usually stiffish bracteoles, solitary in the axils of leaflike or scalelike bracts; perianth membranous or at the middle herbaceous; segments distinct, with basal tufts of flexuous hairs, developing in fruit membranous wings at the summit or somewhat above the middle; stamens 5; anthers oblong-oval or rounded-oval, unappendaged or minutely appendiculate; filaments alternating with thickened glandular-margined or glandular-fimbriate lobes of the hypogynous disk [staminodal lobes] (only in A.iliense have no glands been observed); ovary with 2—5 short thick subsessile stigmas; seed horizontal, with spiral embryo; flowering branches arising from green shoots of the current year or from upper internodes of unbranched stems. Small shrubs or undershrubs, with brittle jointed stems; leaves opposite, subulate, sometimes obsolescent. The genus contains about 20 species. 1. Staminodal lobes bilobulate, eglandular (Section 1. Ammoden- Hie GLC ES Se UE OY elas Meme rey Oc EU amin re Lo ae 1. A. iliense Ijin. + Staminodal lobes semiorbicular or subtruncate, glandular or glandular- firbriate (Section 2. Kuarthrophytum Pin): sie. . 22a 2. Flowers disposed in a paniculate inflorescence with subhorizontally spreading branches; wings also subhorizontally expanded in maturity (Senies!2-le pit oie Ward amily). ta ete. wo oe een mn gee nee IY + Pulvinate plants; flowers in short spiciform inflorescences; wings erect in maturity (Series 1. Lehmanniana Ijin) pbanenies APa tonya. Nets iy 3. Plants 15—30cm high; leaves 5— 8mm long, obliquely ascending. Je sia aulics aug Bape een ae pi seee Uae ete we es etie 7. A. wakhanicum (Pauls.) Eug. Kor. + Plants 25—60cm high; leaves 1—3mm long, appressed to stem or butwstichtivedivercent oNountainous Padzhikistan . 0 55%. 0. 2. ss es Medic MEE Meet eo Os Ren Ad ha EhCS hey chs Seed see te 6. A. leptocladum M. Pop. 4, Leaves hemispherical; branches sprawling over the ground ........ Sa ihe (eke cme hard conse, Gahan ae tiobkateistes tet ap obs 5. A. betpakdalense Kor. et Mir. tn weaviesieyMndiicshvoranehes, Rot Sphawlinte. .. .2etscs siete a bs). cbeabs Muiglicaves aprieulate or prickle pointe et. la dave eine ley sere Se + Lower leaves acute but not apiculate, the upper obtuse or slightly ol elavate, Sometimes tenminatine in a sharp tubercler ss 200.8. . ss = 2. A.lehmannianum Bge. ene) {oP Ver ia Vee: Nera) es (eee) emia! Serie) (ees, e) da) fe mh el) fe Je em (6) ie ele * From the Greek words arthron, joint,and phyton, plant. 235, 304 6. Leaves straight; bracteoles leaflike, many times the length of FLOWMETERS LES RNA BRA ee a RAN Na Se Cale 3. A. subulifolium Schrenk. + Leaves reflexed; bracteoles short, as long as flower or in fruit slightly Shorter VS OSA Se noah at a Ds ene, Fee 4. A. litwinowii Eug. Kor. Section 1. AMMODENDROIDES Iljin in Journ. Bot. de 1'URSS, XIX, 2 (1934) 171. — Vegetative plants resembling in habit Haloxylon ammo- dendron, but developing leaves; staminodes bilobate, thickened at the margin, glabrous. 1. A. iliense Iljin in Journ. Bot. de 1'URSS, XIX, 2 (1934) 171; Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 2, II (1936) 125.— Anabasis iliensis Kor. et Mir. in Acta Univ. As. Med. ser. VIII-b, fasc. 29 (1935) 22. Undershrub, 15 — 30cm high, glabrous, pale green, in lower part with numerous perennial branches covered with whitish-gray transversely split bark and branching from base; annual shoots subterete and 1.5—2 (2.5) mm in diameter in lower part, obscurely 4-angled above, with 8 —15 internodes; leaves subulate, 3—7 mm long, stiffish, gradually attenuate, prickly but without a distinct terminal bristle or cusp, spreading and slightly arched-recurved; flowers solitary in the axils; bracteoles herbaceous, broad, obtuse, obtusely carinate, scarious-margined, as long as and enveloping the flower; perianth segments suborbicular or broadly oval, membranous, becoming indurated in middle part, obtuse, with tufts of hairs in the axils; wings developing in late fall near the summit, semiorbicular or reniform; stamens with oval or oblong-oval anthers; filaments united at base into a broad hypogynous disk 1 —1.2 mm long and nearly equaling the perianth; staminodal lobes thickened at the margin, glabrate, sessile; seeds horizontal. Fl. June—July; fr. September — October. (Plate X, Figure 6a, b). Argillaceous, sandy-argillaceous, and gravelly deserts. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (especially in the Ili River valley). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from Sarytogoi in the former Dzharkent County. Type in Leningrad. Note. E.P. Korovin, in his publication ''Ocherki po istorii razvitiya rastitel'nosti Srednei Azii'' [Outline of Development of the Vegetation of Central Asia] (Byull. Srediaz. Gos. Univ., 20, 1935, pp. 188 and 189) and again jointly with B. Mironov in 'Obzor roda Arthrophytum Schrenk i ego polozhenie v sisteme'' [Review of the Genus Arthrophytum Schrenk and its Systematic Position] (Tr. Sr. Az. Gos. Univ. ser. VIII-b, No. 29, 1935, p. 22), refers this species, recently described by me, to the genus Anabasis, establishing a new combination. This approach is based, in our opinion, on erroneous confounding by these authorities of two species that actually belong to different genera. The plants in question are Arthrophytum iliense Iljin, an undershrub with developed leaves and horizontal fruits, growing in a relatively restricted territory to the south of Lake Balkhash, and Anabasis balchaschensis Iljin, also a species lately described by us, with leafless shoots and vertical fruits, occupying a more extended area. 234 305 Section 2. EUARTHROPHYTUM Iljin in Journ. Bot. de 1'URSS, XIX, 2 (1934) 171. — Lobes of the hypogynous disk semiorbicular or subtruncate, glandular or glandular -fimbriate. Series 1. A. lehmanniana Iljin, l.c.— Inflorescences short, spiciform. 2. A.lehmannianum Bge. Anab. rev. (1862) 46 (nomen); Litw. in Trav. Mus. bot. Acad. Pétersb. XI (1913) 33.—Anabasis affinis Bge. Relig. Lehm. (1851), 304 (non Fisch. et Mey.) -Haloxylon subulifolium Bge. in A. H. P. VI (1880) 438 (p.p.). —Arthrophytum pulvinatum Litw., Pore 13)032.' dels Bites, etl It and pl. I, fig. 2 and ill. II and pl. I, figs. 3and4 (sub A. pulvinato). — Exs.: HFR no. 2421 (sub A. pulvinato). Undershrub, 5—15cm high; root stoutish, woody, tortuous, giving rise to numerous branches, these woody, profusely branched in turn, crowded on the ground surface, terete, forming together with the branched shoots of the current year more or less hemispherical cushions; leaves terete, (3)4—7mm long and ca. 0.6mm in diameter, reflexed, the lower acute, the upper and especially the floral obtusish, often subclavate and almost horizontally spreading; flowers solitary in the axils; bracteoles as long as or slightly surpassing the flowers, broad-ovate, convex, scarious- margined in lower part, mostly apiculate; perianth segments scarious, acute, convexly upcurved and connivent at tips, developing wings near the summit, these scarious, reniform or semiorbicular, erect, initially roseate, subsequently turning paler; lobes of fruiting perianth reflexed and vertically descending; staminodal lobes somewhat semicircular, glandular. Gravelly and argillaceous-gravelly solonetz slopes. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz.K. Endemic. Described from inferior and inadequate specimens collected from the sands of the Kyzyl-Kum Desert. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. The plant provides acceptable fall and winter forage for camels and sheep and, to some extent, for horses. Analysis of fruit-bearing plants from West Kazakhstan (Katyn-yar) gave the following percentage composition: hygroscopic water 6.65, ash 30.39 —32.5, cellulose 10.42 —11.16, crude protein 4.84 —5.19, albumin 3.26 —3.37, crude fat 2.35 —2.52, nitrogen-free extract 45.40 —48.63, soluble carbo- hydrates 0.9—1 and 1.46 —1.56 before and after inversion, respectively; starch equivalent 23.26—24.91. Another analysis from the same source (I. Larin) refers to another species, A.subulifolium, but we refrain from reporting it, since the geographical indication points either to the species under consideration or to A.litwinowi. Note. Ina study just published by E. Korovin and B. Mironov, which gives a review of the genus Arthrophytum (Acta Univ. As. Mediae, ser. VIII-b, No. 29, 1935), descriptions are supplied of three new species: A.betpakdalense Kor.et Mir.,A.longibracteatum Eug. Kor., and A.affine Kor.et Mir. The first of these species is reported by us below, as being free of any doubt. As regards the two others, the lack of the original specimens and of time (the publication appeared when our manuscript had already been sent to press) precluded critical treatment and we can do no more than mention them in passing. It would appear, moreover, that the authors are not quite convinced as to their specific standing. In connection with A.longibracteatum Eug. Kor., we read 235 306 307 that "the species resembles closely A.subulifolium and more particularly A.lehmannianum... the distinguishing characters are insignificant ... and consist chiefly in the elongated bracteoles which greatly surpass the flower... A.longibracteatum is undoubtedly to be regarded as an ecological race that has not yet acquired geographical distinctiveness" (p.16). With regard to A.affine Kor. et Mir, it is stated that. ''the species described hardly differs in appearance from A.lehmannianum and resembles it closely in size, leaf shape, etc. It is primarily distinguishable from that species in the absence of hair tufts in the leaf axils ... this species may prove to be an as yet unstabilized form in the course of differentiation of the preceding species. For the time being we raise the form to specific rank"' (p. 22). In view of these circumstances and pending the critical revision of the entire genus projected by us for the near future, we are not in a position to report these forms in the ''Flora'' as independent species. 3. A. subulifolium Schrenk in Bull. phys. -math. Acad. Pétersb. III (1834) 211; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 821; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 944; Litw. in Trav. Mus. Bot. de 1'Acad. Pétersb. XI (1913) 28. -Haloxylon subulifolium Bge. in A.H. P. VI (1880) 438 (p. p.). —Ic.: Litw., l.c., illsijand pls Uificads Actas Unive As Med: sex. Viilllob2ta sd LO: Undershrub, 5—10cm high, with a compact tuft of short woody branches arising from a stout-woody root; shoots of the current year numerous, crowded, erect, terete, ca. 1—1.5mm in diameter, smooth; leaves subulate, 5—12 mm long, straight, gradually attenuate, somewhat divergent from the stem but not recurved; bracts strongly divergent; flowers solitary in the axils; bracteoles stiffly herbaceous, tapering to a point, much longer than flowers but shorter than the bracts; perianth subglobose, the segments orbicular or broad-ovate, membranous, indurated in fruit and developing erect wings near the summit; lobes of fruiting perianth strongly recurved; staminodal lobes, as in the preceding species, subtruncate, scarcely semiorbicular, glandular. (Plate X, Figure hs Gravelly conical hills. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Endemic. Described from Mt. Dzhambyl, not far from the eastern shore of Lake Balkhash. © Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Apparently of the same feed value as the preceding species. 4. A. litwinowii Eug. Kor. in Not. Syst. ex Herb. Hort. Bot. Reip. Ross. V, 11 —12 (1924) 1. Undershrub, 5—10cm high, with a short woody stem and a rather compact tuft of short woody branches; shoots of the current year numerous, yellowish-green, terete, ca. 1—2.5mm in diameter, simple or branched; leaves thickish, subulate, 4—7mm long and ca. 0.5mm in diameter, tapering to a point, divergent or recurved; bracts subhorizontally spreading; flowers solitary; bracteoles oval or rounded-oval, convexly carinate, fleshy, stiffish, terminating in a thickish cusp, as long as or in fruit slightly shorter than flower; perianth subglobose; segments obtuse, indurated in fruit, 1-nerved, developing near the summit suborbicular membranous erect yellowish wings; lobes of fruiting perianth strongly recurved; staminodal lobes glandular; fruit depressed at the top. May-—June. 236 Gravelly soils. — Centr. Asia: Kyz.K. (S.), Kara K.(N.). Endemic. Described from the sands of the Kara-~-Kum Desert near Mirza-Chele. Type in Tashkent; cotype in Leningrad. Economic importance. Most probably of the same feed value as the two preceding species. 5. A. betpakdalense Eug. Kor. et Mir. in Acta Univ. As. Med. ser. VIII-b, fase. 29 (1935) 19. —Ic.: l.c., t. 3, p. 20. A depressed undershrub, 10 —20cm high and to 60cm in diameter; root slender, vertical; branches of first order long, slender, sprawling, divaricately branched; annotinous twigs jointed, ascending, simple, glabrous, 1—4cm long; leaves of two kinds, glaucous, 3—6 pairs per twig; leaves of the lowest spring-produced pair promptly wilting and deciduous, linear, semiterete, curved, obtusish; summer leaves semi- globose, concave on the inside, narrowed at base into a short petiole, 3—8mm long and 3—6mm broad at the middle; lower leaves sterile or but 1 or 2 or rarely 3 upper pairs enlarged at base and subtending a flower; wings slightly crumpled at the margin, entire, brown, vertically inserted by their broad base; hypogynous disk globular, dissected nearly to the base, hence deeply 5-lobed, enveloping the ovary; staminodal lobes transversely oval, their slightly thickened margin papillose; filaments of stamens linear, persistent on the disk after shedding of anthers; anthers 0.5mm long, soon caducous, oval, 2-locular, apiculate, the locules free up to the middle; immature ovary 1—1.5mm in diameter, globular, the upper part rigid and bony, the lower membranous; styles 2, short, rather thick, the flat oblong-oval stigmas 0.5mm long, soon falling densely; papillose on the inner face; bracteoles free, membranous except the fleshy - herbaceous uppermost part, 2—3mm long and as broad; immature perianth squarely truncate; segments 1.2 mm long, distinct to the base, membranous, thickened and incurved at tips, with a distinct midrib developing into a keel in fruit; all five segments unchanged in fruit but winged, the wings nerveless, membranous. Takyr hollows. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Bet-Pak-Dala). Endemic. Described from Kampyr-mol in the E. part of the Bet-Pak-Dala Desert. Type in Tashkent. Series 2. A. leptoclada Iljin, 1.c. — Flowers in a paniculate inflorescence. 6. A. leptocladum M. Pop. ex Iljin in Journ. Bot. de 1'USSR, XIX, 2 (1934) 171 (nomen) et in Addenda V, p. 667.— Haloxylon leptocladum Eug.-Kor. in Acta Univ. As. Mediae, ser. VIII-b, fasc. 29 (1935) 22. Shrublet 25 —60cm high, with a rugged profusely branched stem covered with grayish bark; shoots of the current year rather rigid, not succulent, glabrous, smooth, terete, pale green or glaucescent; leaves terete, thickish, rather stiff, 1—3 mm long (on green shoots), obtusish, appressed or slightly divergent; flowers solitary in the axils of scalelike bracts; bracteoles orbicular, obtusely carinate, stiffish, green, narrowly scarious-margined, as long as or but slightly shorter than flower; inflorescence broadly paniculate, composed of elongated spikes; perianth segments subherbaceous, 237 309 scarious-margined, obtuse, winged in fruit just above the middle; wings suborbicular, membranous, rounded at base, horizontally expanded, with a span of 7—8 (10) mm; filaments connate for much of their length into a hypogynous disk, alternating with semiorbicular glandular-ciliate staminodes, these reaching above the middle of the perianth; fruit 2—2.5mm in diameter, concave at the top, loosely enveloped by lobes of fruiting perianth. April— May. Gravelly slopes, pebbles, pebble-and-sand deserts, saline sand borders, and clayey solonchak soils. — Centr. Asia: Amu D., Pam.-Al. (SW). Gen. distr.: Iran. (Afghanistan?). Described from Kelif on the Amu Darya River. Type in Leningrad. 7. A. wakhanicum (Fauls). Eug. Kor. comb. nova in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Se. USSR; [jin in Journ. Bot. de 1'USSR XIX, 2 (1934) 171.—Anabasis wakhanica Pauls. in Vidensk. Meddel. fra den naturh. Foren. Kbhvn. (1903) 201.—Haloxylon wakhanicum Eug. Kor. in Acta Univ. As. Med. ser. VIII-b, fase. 29 (1935) 23. Undershrub, 15—30cm high, glabrous; root tortuous and strongly curved, in the lower woody part rugged, crowned by very short crowded remnants of preceding year's branches; green stems numerous, rather brittle, rigid, not succulent, somewhat shining, virgate, very obtusely 4-angled or subterete, consisting of 15 —25 internodes, in lower part 1—1.5mm in diameter, branched in inflorescence or in upper part, rarely in lower part, the branches obliquely ascending; leaves slender, filiform-terete, stiffish, 5—8&mm long and 0.4—0.5mm in diameter, subacute, upright, with short hairs in axils; flowers solitary in the axils of short ovate scalelike bracts, gathered at the ends of stems and branches into spiciform-paniculate inflorescences; bracteoles oval or broad-ovate, herbaceous, obtusely carinate, scarious-margined; bracts and bracteoles shorter than flowers; perianth segments ovate or oval, dark smoky-membranous, obtuse, white- hyaline-margined, winged in fruit at or slightly above the middle; wings suborbicular or broadly obovate, with a span of 6—8mm; stamens with filaments united at base into a ring and alternating with semiorbicular glandular-ciliate staminodal lobes; stigmas short, thickish, on a very short style; ovary fleshy; fruit succulent. August. Stony slopes and stony riverbeds. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Pamir). Endemic. Described from Roshan in the Pamir (Nusur Valley on the Shodau River). Type in Copenhagen. Genus 435. ILJINIA* EUG. KOR. Eug. Kor.in Addenda V, p. 665. Flowers perfect, solitary, axillary, sessile, bracteo.ate; perianth globular, slightly compressed, developing in fruit 5 winglike appendages at the summit; stamens 5, united at base into a hypogynous disk with ciliate lobes; anthers unappendaged; ovary horizontal, with 2 short broad obtuse subsessile stigmas. Plants with alternate leaves and branches jointed at base. A monotypic genus. * Named for M. M.II'in, responsible for the treatment of this family. 238 310 311 1. I. regelii (Bge.) Eug. Kor. in Acta Univ. As. Med. sér. VIII-b, fasc. 29 (1935) 23.— Haloxylon regelii Bge. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. X (1869) 368. — Arthrophytum regelii Litw. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VI (1912) 606.— Salsola re rerrrHitw.; lk. €)=—Mle:? Acta Univ: As. Med: sér. VIII, 26 (1935) f. 11. Undershrub, 20 —40cm high, profusely branched, covered in woody part with light gray bark; branches whitish, smooth, glabrous; shoots and leaves green, often turning black in drying; younger twigs after fruiting distinctly jointed at base and readily falling at the joint; leaves alternate, terete, slightly clavate, obtuse, glabrous, always falcately upcurved, with very short axillary hairs sometimes united into a fringed-incised scarious ligule; bracteoles semiorbicular, convex, scarious-margined, shorter than to about equaling the perianth; perianth globular, glabrous, small; segments semiorbicular, scarious-margined, winged in fruit at the summit; wings suborbicular or broadly reniform, equal, irregularly suberect or some later recurved; stamens with short filaments united into a broad ring and alternating with semiorbicular minutely ciliolate-margined staminodal lobes; anthers unappendaged; stigmas short, broad, obtuse, subsessile or borne on an obsolescent style. July—September. (Plate X, Figure 8). Argillaceous and gravelly solonchak sites. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.- Tarb., T. Sh. (Issyk-kul'), Syr D., Amu D. (Kugitang). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the shores of Lake Sary-Togoi, in the central part of the Charyk River valley in the Issykkul'skii District. Type in Leningrad. Genus 436. HALOXYLON* BGE. Bge. Reliq. Lehmann. (1851) 291. Flowers perfect, 5-merous, with a pair of submembranous bracteoles, solitary in the axils of scalelike bracts; perianth segments membranous, distinct, with basal tufts of flexuous hairs, developing in fruit at the summit broad membranous overlapping wings; stamens 5; anthers oblong-oval, unappendaged; filaments exserted, united at base into a hypogynous disk; staminodal lobes 5, thin, glabrous, not thickened; ovary with 2—5 very short subsessile stigmas; seeds horizontal, with spiral embryo; flowers borne on short twigs arising directly from the branches of the preceding year, on basal internodes. Trees or more rarely shrubs, with jointed, brittle stems and reduced or obsolete opposite leaves. The genus contains 5 species. Russian name: saksaul. 1. Leaves terminating in a stramineous aristate point appressed to SECU Ment star gee eaten Gt” ome a NER errae eae, MUr uname a sehen, haw 1. H. persicum Bge. + Leaves not aristate, obsolete or reduced toatubercle ......... Pe 2. Shrubs; wings cordate at base; mature fruit loosely enveloped by the reflexed perianth segments ...... 3. H. ammodendron (C. A. M.) Bge. + Trees; wings rounded or cuneate at base; mature fruit tightly embraced by the perianth lobes ...... 2. H. aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin. 1. H. persicum Bge. ex Boiss. et Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mose. XII (1860) 189. — H.ammodendron Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2. (1851) 820 (p. p.) et auct. plur. (p. p.). —Arthrophytum ammodendron var. * From Greek halos,salt,and xylon,tree. 232 acutifolium Minkw. in Fedde Repert XI (1912) 478; Knorring and Minkv., Rast. Perovsk. u. (1913) 86.— A.persicum R.-Sav. in Not. syst. ex Herb. Hort. Bot. Reip. Ross. V (1924) 45.— A.acutifolium Minkw. Chenop. Turk. in B. Fedchenko, Rast. Turk. (1915) 360 et in O. et B. Fedtsch. Consp. Fl. Turk. VI (1916) 237.— A.arborescens Litw. in Trav. d. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XI (1913) 44. Anabasis saxaul Fisch. et R. Sav., l.c.,46.—Ic.: Litw.,1l.c., plates 3 and 4.— Exs.: HFR no. 228 (p. p. quoad pl. floriferam). et 2422 a—c; Sintenis It. transcasp.- pers. 1900—1901, no. 1250; Litw. Pl. turcom. exs. no. 94, 168, 398. Tree, to 5m high, with a stout rugged stem and light gray bark; wood heavy, brittle, without dark heartwood; branches of the preceding year whitish, densely covered with circular cracks; annotinous shoots pale green, rather rigid, 1—2 mm in diameter, in young plants erect, in old ones often drooping; leaves reduced, scalelike, terminating in a stramineous cusp appressed to stem; flowers solitary in the axils of obtuse scalelike bracts, borne on very short determinate twigs; bracteoles rounded-oval, scarious- margined, obtusely carinate, as long as the flower; perianth segments obtuse, membranous, winged in fruit near the summit; wings suborbicular or subreniform-semiorbicular, usually somewhat twisted, rounded or subcordate at base, with a span of 9—12mm; fruit depressed, 2—2.5mm in diameter, but slightly surpassing the winged perianth. April—May. (Plate X, Figure 9 a—c). Sandhills and sand ridges; forming stands. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (S. and E.), Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Syr D., Amu D. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Iran. Described from near Dzhendak and Enarek in Iran. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. This species is of enormous importance as fuel in the desert areas of Central Asia. It compares favorably in thermal efficiency with bituminous coal, burns down to long-smoldering cinder which is finally transformed into powdery ash (Pelz). The heat-producing capacity amounts, according to Branke, to 3660 small calories for air-dry weight counting in moisture content, and 3315 small calories including water vapor. The highest temperature attainable by combustion ofa | weight unit of fuel is 87.5°C for air-dry weight. The ash residue of the C wood fluctuates berween 36 and 50 per cent (Prof. Branke's data do not record the species of Haloxylon). The estimated yield per hectare is 400 poods [1 pood= 36.11 lbs] of dead and 120 poods of fresh wood. V. Dubyanskii puts the figure in the Kara-~-Kum Desert at 1500—3000 poods per hectare. The demand for wood in Central Asia is great: the population uses about 9 million poods per annum and the railroads about one million (Maretskii). The wood is durable, heavy, sinking in water, breaking rather easily but not splintering. The specific weight is 3.15, 1.01, and 0.09, for fresh wood, deadwood, and brushwood, respectively. Haloxylon woods, growing on sands, reach particularly large dimensions in the Muyun-Kum Desert, the sands around Lake Balkhash, and the Kyzyl- Kum and Kara-Kum deserts. The area covered by Haloxylon persicum and H.aphyllum amounts to about 100 million hectares, of these 6,693,000 ha registered (Maretskii). The plants are also of value in southern regions as forage for camels and sheep, especially in winter. Analysis of Turkmenistan plants gave the following percentage dry weight composition for edible dry shoots of the preceding year and 312 240 313 green shoots of the current year, respectively: hygroscopic water 6.63 and 6.14, ash 10.78 and 13.86, crude protein 7.9 and 7.80, albumin 5.04 and 6.09, crude fat 2.91 and 2.28, nitrogen-free extract 52.86 and 26.51, crude cellulose 26.36 and 49.55 (Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko). The ash is used for extraction of carbonates; the ash yield from the wood amounts to about 5 per cent. The plants are useful for sand fixing. The wood is also used for production of activated carbon. 2. H. aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin in Journ. Bot. de 1'URSS, XIX, 2 (1934) 171.—Arthrophytum haloxylon Litw.in Trav. du Mus. Bot. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XI (1913) 45. —Haloxylon ammodendron Bge. Relig. Lehmann. (1851) 292 (p.p.); Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 820 (p. p.) et auct. plur.— Arthrophytum (Haloxylon) ammodendron var. aphyllum Minkw. in Fedde Repert. XI (1912) 478; Minkw. in O. et B. Fedtsch. Consp. Fl. Turk. VI (1916) 236.— A. aphyllum Litw.,1.c.—''Pinus orientalis" Falk Topogr. Beitr. II (1786) 260. — "Tamarix forte songarica'' Eversmann. Reise nach Buchara (1823) 48, app. 116. — Ic.: Litw., 1.c., ill. IV, figs. 13—17, and plates 5 and 6; Acta Univ. As. Med. ser. VIII-b, 21 fig. 49. — Exs.: HFR no. 228 (p. p.), no. 2423 a,b, and c; Litw. Pl. exs. Turcom. no. 284 and 305. Russian names: saksaul chernyi [black], solonchakovyi [solonchak], bezlistnyi [leafless] (kara-saksaul). Trees with rugged often very stout profusely branched stem and dark gray bark; branches slender, light gray, often brownish-tinged; ultimate branches drooping, those of the preceding year densely covered with circular cracks; branchlets of the current year terete, mostly not more than 2mm thick, green or glaucous, rather succulent, in old trees pendulous; wood firm, heavy, sinking in water, with almost black heartwood; leaves obsolescent, reduced to inconspicuous opposite obtusish or acute tubercles with short axillary leaves; flowers very small, solitary in the axils of scalelike bracts on short indeterminate flowering branchlets; bracteoles small, scarious-margined, surpassing the perianth; perianth segments ovate, membranous, pellucid, hairy, with crisp basal hairs, winged in fruit near the summit at about two-thirds their length; wings suborbicular or rather rounded-obovate, broadly cuneate or rounded at base, horizontally expanded in maturity, with a span of (8)10—12mm; lobes of fruiting perianth firmly adherent to the fruit; fruit 2—2.5mm in diameter, concave at the top, with remnant of style at center; filaments of stamens connate at base into a tall hypogynous disk, alternating with inconspicuous staminodes. April—May. (Plate X, Figure 10). Saline sand borders, loess-solonchak soils, takyrs, solonetzic and saline takyrlike sierozems; stand-forming. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (E. and S.), Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K., Syr D., Amu D. Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from numerous Central Asian specimens collected within the distribution area indicated. Economic importance. The plant often forms solid stands, so-called "saxaul Haloxylon forests,'' which are the subject of a specialized branch of forestry. The tree is of great importance in the forests of Soviet Central Asia as a source of high-quality fuel almost equaling bituminous coal in thermal value. The wood is very heavy, nonsplintering 241 314 but breaking easily. According to Pelz, it produces long-smoldering cinder of better quality than that of H.persicum and burning down to lumpy ash. According to M. Petrov, the yield of wood in the Kara-Kum Desert amounts to 40 tons perhectare. The wood is sold by weight on the markets of Central Asia. In the southern regions the plant is of considerable value as winter forage for camels and sheep. Larin reports the following percentage composition for herbage of fruiting plants from Ust-Urt: hygroscopic water 6.55, ash 23.71 —25.37, cellulose 13.17 —14.09; crude protein 6.6 —7.06, crude fat 1.66—1.76, nitrogen-free extract 48.33 —51.72; starch equivalent 33.12 —35.42. The species is employed for sand fixing. The herbage is used for potash extraction (M. Petrov). 3. H. ammodendron (C. A. M.) Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 2 (1851) 820 (s.str.). —-Arthrophytum ammodendr on Litw. in Trav. du Mus. Bot. Acad. Sc. St. Pétersb. XI (1913) 35; Minkw. in O. et B. Fedtsch. Consp. Fl. Turk. V, 236 (p. oo) —Anabasis ammodendron C.A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 375.— A.saxaul Bge. in herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. — Haloxylon pachycladum M. Pop. App. ad. Bull. of Appl. Bot. of Gen. and Pl. Breed. XXVI, 3 (1931) 11. — Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Ross. 1 (1829) tab. 47; Litw., l. c., ill. IV, figs. 3—12 and plate 2. — Russian name: saksaul zaisanskii [Zaisan]. Shrub, profusely and ruggedly branched, to 100 —200 cm high, often hemispherical in shape, with whitish-gray or whitish bark; shoots of the current year green or glaucescent, elongated, rather succulent, 1.5 —2mm in diameter, appressed or pendulous; leaves obsolescent, reduced to obtusish opposite tubercles with short basal hairs; flowers solitary in the axils of scalelike bracts, on short branches subsequently growing out into a brittle vegetative shoot; bracteoles broad-oval, stiffish, broadly scarious-margined, equaling the flower; perianth segments very small, ovate, scarious-margined, hairy, with flexuous basal hairs, winged in fruit near the summit at about three-fourths their height; wings suborbicular, at least three distinctly cordate at base, the two others sometimes cuneate, mostly with a span of 6—10 (12) mm, curved or even obliquely ascending at maturity as in Anabasis; lobes of the winged fruiting perianth divergent and thus fruit free in a cuplike hollow formed by the lobes; fruit dark green, concave on the top, with a tubercle at center and surrounded, as in the preceding species, by a ridge ca. 2mm in diameter; hypogynous disk cup-shaped, glabrous, with scantily developed glabrous staminodes. May. Submontane sand-and-gravel deserts, dry beds of desert streams, and wormwood-and-meadowgrass loess deserts. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Zaisan and Ili deserts). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from Zaisan. Type in Leningrad. Note. As evident from the description, this species is easily distinguishable by its fruit, but, except for its growth habit, it is not readily recognizable by its vegetative characters. M.G. Popov, in describing his Haloxylon pachycladum M. Pop., considers it to be a hybrid between Haloxylon ammodendron (apparently having in mind the arboraceous H.aphyllum) and Anabasis aphylla. The plant probably has the same uses as Haloxylon aphyllum. 242 315 Genus 437. NANOPHYTON* LESS. Less in Linnaea IX (1834) 197. Flowers perfect; perianth segments 5, membranous, distinct nearly to the base; stamens 5, inserted on a 5-toothed disk, the anthers terminating in a slender appendage; ovary vertical, the stigmas little shorter than the style; bracteoles present; fruit vertical, somewhat fleshy, enclosed in a saccately inflated perianth; embryo spiral. Low shrubs with closely approximate leaves. A monotypic genus. 1. N. erinaceum (Pall.) Bge. in Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VII sér., IV, 11 (1862) 51; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. IV, 964; Il'in in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 229. — Polycnemum erinaceum Pall. Illustr. (1803) 58.— P.juniperinum M. B. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. I (1806) 154.— Anabasis sieversii Willd. in Roem et Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 221.— A.caespitosa Steph. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. III,2 (1851) 829.— Halimocnemis juniperina C.A.M. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. I (1829) 386. — H.macrantha Kar. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1839) 168.—Nanophyton caspicum Less. in Linnaea IX (1834) 197; Fenzl iMgida.hl Ross. ,ll 820. — Najuniperinum C. A. Moin Bull; phys. -math: Acad. Pétersb. II (1844) 133. -N.macranthum Fisch. et Mey. in Bull. phys.-math. Ac. Pétersb. II (1844) 134; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. WU 2), Ic.: Pall. lustr.t.48; Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV (1930) 229. — Exs.: HFR no. 2420. Undershrub, 5—15cm high, rigidly cespitose, repeatedly short-branched, compactly pulvinate in outline; stems woody, often very stout; leaves alternate, closely approximate, completely covering up the stems, short, fleshy, subulate, mostly prickle-pointed, rarely obtuse, strongly dilated and hyaline-margined at base, glabrous or scarcely roughened with minute tubercles, with an axillary tuft of long hairs; flowers solitary in the axils of upper leaves; bracteoles navicular, slightly surpassing the flower; perianth segments membranous, ovate, distinct, glabrous, rounded at apex, with a short mucro at some distance from the margin, strongly bladdery- inflated in fruit and elongating to 10mm; locules of anthers almost entirely free; fruit fleshy, short-stipitate, compressed, vertical, ca. 3mm long. August —September. (Plate XIV, Figure 3a—d). Chalks, and gravelly or stony solonetz slopes; in groups, sometimes over considerable areas. — European part: L. V.(?), Transv.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (Orsk area), Irt. (south of the city of Semipalatinsk); Centr. Asia: Av. ~Casp:, Balkh., Kyz.Kjoyr Ds, Tosh. (Kara-tau), Amu D. (Zarabulak). 'Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from the Guberlya Mountains between Orenburg and Orsk. Type in London. Economic importance. Useful as forage for camels, sheep, and goats, especially in winter, but not of high quality. Analysis of flowering plants from the Chelkar region (Kazakhstan) gave the following percentage dry weight composition: hygroscopic water 6.83, ash 22.98 —24.58, cellulose 21.15 —22.94, crude protein 12.1—13, albumin 7.87 —8.44, crude fat 2.34 —2.47, nitrogen-free extract 34.61—57; starch equivalent 26.96. — 28.94 (I. Larin). According to Agababyan, Granitov, and Kasimenko, the herbage has a fattening effect on the animals mentioned. Note. Prof. Ulbrich, in his last review of Chenopodiaceae (Engl. u. Prantl. Pflanzenf., 16c, 2 Aufl. 1934, 579), in conformity with Druce (in Rep. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isle, III, 1914, 421), renames this species N.acutum (Falk) * From Greek nanos, dwarf,and phyton, plant. 243 316 317 Druce, on the grounds that Falk recorded Camphorosma acuta L., without diagnosis, as far back as 1786 (Falk, Beitr. II, 1786, 120) for "all Russian, Siberian, and solonchak steppes,'' borrowing the name from Linnaeus. It must be noted, however, that Nanophyton does not occur at all in Russian steppes. To return to Linnaeus, it is stated in Sp. pl. L ed. 2 (1762) 178, that the plant occurs "in Italia, Tartaria," while in Amoen. Acad. I, 393, where the plant is mentioned for the first time, the reader is referred to an illustration in Lobelius' Ic. stirp. (1591) 404, where this plant is called Anthyllis altera italorum,and to Tabernemontan, hist. (1687) 57, where it is presented under the name Camphora altera. Both illustrations show some annual plant which has no resemblance to Nanophyton and is rather reminiscent of Camphorosma annua Pall.or Echinopsilon hyssopifolius (Pall.) Mog. In view of these considerations we cannot accept the new combination proposed by Druce. Genus 438. PETROSIMONIA* BGE. Bge, Anabas. rev. (1862) 52. . Flowers perfect, axillary, with a pair of lateral navicular bracteoles; perianth segments 2—5, membranous, distinct, their lower part often cartilaginous in fruit; stamens 1—5; filaments long, flat; anthers oblong, terminating in 2- or 3-toothed appendages often fused; ovary oval or subrotund, compressed laterally, with style and 2 villous stigmas; fruit vertical, with thin scarious smooth and glabrous pericarp; seeds exalbuminous, with spiral embryo. Annual plants, rarely glabrous, mostly covered with appressed or spreading 2-tipped hairs. The genus contains 11 species. fea Moranehcos eimd Nea Ss ODMOSUEC lamella ols: elim tere elec te ean 2. + Upper branches and leaves alternate, at least in the inflorescence... 3. 2. Filaments exserted 3—4mm out of perianth; plants mostly covered throughout with spreading hairs, more rarely glabrous or appressed- NSW GS, Mi i ie al aE MS al alas he Bec alee al ae lene Rat. 8 11. P. sibirica (Pall.) Bge. + Filaments scarcely exserted; plants covered with appressed mostly Su liyerileliie se Wee eettep tee oowen ee ance fee ee is. 10. P. brachiata (Pall.) Bge. a SE erilantit SeSmentsras: Mldtly cls StalMuems. a cham cage el taco: Cece 4. + Perianth segments and stamens differing innumber........... Ge 4. Perianth segments and stamens5........ 8. P. glauca (Pall.) Bge. jo Crlanth SEOMCMCS ANG StAMIeMs 2 OT llc gaye) eg ops) across ie ea 5. 5. Perianth segments and stamens 3 each; anthers with 2-toothed appendages; bracteoles tapering to a narrow mostly reflexed non- CUS OOMIS LUT eete ete ieee, eye ae on oils, teeny unas 2. P.triandra (Pall.) Simonk. + Perianth segments and stamens in lower flowers 2 each; anthers unappendaged; bracteoles gibbous ......... 3. P. litwinowi Korsh. 6. Perianth segments 2; stamens 5, with fused anther appendages... 9. + Perianth segments 2—4; stamens 1—3 or very rarely 5; anthers Nib ALAS Wyo OSI SITS heii Malas age Waren Nawey SMES oN 4 ie, selene les 7. Perianth segments 3; stamens mostly 5, more rarely 4, often abortive; plants densely covered with subappressed hairs; leaves falcately GECULVEUN Le Renee cree ay oe le eee 9. P. squarrosa (Schrenk) Bge. * Named for the famous researcher Peter Simon Pallas (1741— 1811). 244 318 + Plants glabrous or more sparsely appressed-hairy; stamens eather Sek CP ie fae PN ROS ts ark on oy « Eten er ehtyeaye tele Ehewe tel OO 8. 8. A glaucous, rather rigid plant; bracteoles broad-ovate, with reflexed tips; perianth segments 3 or 4, acuminate, with short hairs on the back; stamens 1 or 2, with 2-toothed anther appendages ........... eR ele ee ies cs a i I RN Oa ARS etn bye, oe Re 1. P. monandra (Pall.) Bge. + A green plant; bracteoles oblong, enlarged at tips, laterally gibbous, closed; perianth segments in upper flowers 2, glabrous, one of them PE LOOtMEG MaStAnieNS) 3 te cd ayshey winged oi ndeiseebint betesaene word 3. P.litwinowi Korsh. 9. Perianth segments quite glabrous on the back; stigmas as long as style or nearly so; bracteoles gibbous, closed, longer in fruit than the MP POO Siena Ct Gyo hak s katy yoshi de vockies) rraaved® aida dy segs: win LDA 10. + Perianth segments fimbriate-hairy on the back at summit; stigmas 2 —3 times the length of style; bracteoles not gibbous, always SHORES ToL han sR hSl piu com apy re Sule he trom eartne Hatin veers bar wen sel Siders Regmadeds 10. 10. Hairs on stem mostly long, articulate, horizontally spreading. GrPISEOUSs SOLON CHAKS x picaye. 2» Boiss, bl. Or. IV, 9895. ido. Fl Ross. Ii, 856.> Avjenwentus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1763) 1406. — A.hybridus ssp.cruentus var. paniculatus Thell. Fl. adv. Montpell., 205 (1912) et Amar. in Asch. u. Graeb. Synops. V (1914) 86, 237. —Ic.: Willd. Hist. (1790) t. II. Annual; stem 20—100cm high, mostly puberulent, often reddish throughout, fleshy, erect, sulcate; leaves long-petioled, oblong-elliptic or rhombic-ovate, acute, cuneate at base; inflorescence paniculate, purplish-red, more rarely green, the branches spikelike, pointed; terminal spike longer than the lateral; bracts linear-subulate, surpassing the perianth; tepals 5, lanceolate; capsule longer than perianth, circumscissile; seeds ovoid, commonly dark brownish-red, obtuse-margined, ca. 1.5mm long; stamens 5. July — August. (Plate XVIII, Figure 3, a, b). Vegetable and ornamental gardens, and weed-infested places, rarely in fields. — European part: Bl., Crim., L. Don, V.-Don, Transv. , V.-Kama, U. V., M. and U. Dnp.; Caucasus: all regions; Far East: Uss.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Syr D., Kara K., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Ind.-Him., Iran., Bal.-As. Min., Med., Atl. Eur., Centr. Eur., Scand. (S.), Afr., Am., Aust. Described from America. Type in London. Economic importance. May be cultivated for ornament. 4. A. retroflexus L. Sp. pl. (1753) 991; Mog. in DC. Prodr. XII, 2, 258; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 856; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 989; Thell. in Asch. u. Gr. Synops. V, I (1914) 254. —Ic.: Willd. Hist. Amar. tab. XI. Annual, mostly pale green, sometimes reddish-tinged, 20 —80 cm high; stem erect, simple or branched, grayish by dense short hairs, slightly angled; leaves rather large, ovate-rhombic, obtuse or slightly notched at apex, terminating in a short mucro, smooth above, shortly hairy beneath, on the margin, and on the petiole, this as long as or somewhat longer than 277 the blade; flowers in glomerules crowded in a green dense and very compact paniculate inflorescence, disposed mainly at the summit of the stem, branched in lower part, oblong-cylindric or ovoid-pyramidal; bracts lanceolate, slenderly long-pointed, nearly twice as long as the perianth; tepals 5, surpassing the fruit, in staminate flowers lanceolate, in pistillate oblong-linear, spatulately enlarged toward apex, obtuse or retuse, mucronulate, whitish-membranous, the slender pale gray midrib mostly failing to reach the apex; stamens 5; capsule 1-seeded, circumscissile, shorter than perianth; seed 1mm long, black or blackish-brown, very shining, sharp-margined. June —August. (Plate XVIII, Figure 5, a—c). Vegetable and ornamental gardens, weed-infested places, and field borders. — European part: M.and U. Dnp., Bl., Crim., V.-Don, L. V., Transv., V.-Kama, U. V., Lad.-Ilm.; Caucasus: all regions; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt:, Alt.; EH. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Yenis., Daud} *Parthast; 42e.-Bue Uss.; Uda” Centr: Asia*® Balkhi T Shi, Dzu.-Tarb.,-Ari-Casp)Syao Ds Amu D., Kyz. K., Mtn. Turkm., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch., Mong., Iran., Bal.-As. Min., Centr. Eur., Med., N. and S. Am. Described from Pennsylvania. Type in London. Economic importance. The seeds may be used as bird food (in the form of groats). Young boiled leaves are used for food. Young plants 225 (including roots), in mixture with bran, are greedily eaten by swine. These animals also graze readily on mature plants. Suitable for ensilage. 5. A.blitoides S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. of Arts and Sc. XII (1877) 273. — A.aragonensis Senn. Bol. Soc. Arag. Cienc. Nat. IX (1910) 183. Annual; stem mostly decumbent, branched from base, whitish, glabrous or short-hairy at summit, rather densely leafy, 15—50cm high; leaves ovate or spatulate to oblong-lanceolate, terminating in a slender mucro to 1mm long, at base gradually narrowing to petiole, light-margined; flowers in axillary glomerules; bracts lanceolate, shorter than perianth; tepals 4 (sometimes flowers with 5-merous perianth occur on the same plant), in staminate flowers ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate, in pistillate ones oblong-lanceolate, unequal, crustaceously thickened at base; capsule rounded-ellipsoid, shorter than the longest tepal (this 2—2.5 mm long), | circumscissile, with mostly reddish operculum; seed 1.3—1.5mm long, rounded-ovoid, black, not very shining. August—September. (Plate XVIII, Figure 7, a, b). Weed-infested places and fields. — European part: Bl., L.Don; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Kyz. K., Syr D. Gen. distr.: N. and Centr. America, introduced in Europe—W. Med. Described from the western part of N. America. Note. A.blitoides,a North American plant, was first collected in this country by Androsov, on September 13, 1908, on sandy solonchak irrigated fields near Chelkar station on the Central Asian Railroad. 6. A.tricolor L. Sp. pl. (1753) 989; Fiori et Paoletti Fl. anal. Ital. 1 (1 898) 321; Baker u. Clarke in Thiselton-Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. VI, 1, 32 (1909); Thell. in Asch. u. Graebn. Synops V, 86 (1914) 272, p. p. Annual, mostly glabrous, with branched or /?/ ascending stems; leaves ovate-rhombic (sometimes narrower), broadest at or below the middle, acute, terminating in a small mucro, long-petioled; flowers 278 364 365 3-merous, in axillary glomerules, gathered at the top into a spiciform inflorescence; bracts somewhat shorter than flowers; tepals 3, membranous, with a greenish midnerve, linear-oblong, gradually tapering to a short awn, 3—4(5)mm long; capsule shorter than perianth, circumscissile; seed short-ovoid, reddish-brown, shining, without a distinct rim on the rounded margin, compressed toward the hilum, 1—2mm long. (Plate XVIII, Figure 4 a, b). Central Asia: Syr D. Gen.distr.: S. Asia. Described from China. Type in London. Note. A single specimen, referred by us to the A.tricolor cycle, was collected in Fergana by O. A. Fedchenko on August 19, 1871, and was identified as A.melancholicus L. 6 tricolor Mog. It canbe placed, with more justification, among the broad-leaved races of A.tricolor even though it displays certain features that distinguish it from this species. It is very desirable to secure more ample material relating to this species which is apparently of South Asian origin. 7. A. albus L. Sp. pl. ed. 2 (1763) 1404; Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2, 264; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 909; Thell. in Asch. u. Graeb. Synops. V, 1 (1914) 86, 283. — A.graecizans L.S&p. pl. (1753) p.p. Annual; stem divaricately branched from base; branches whitish, glabrous or more rarely with scattered short scalelike hairs, 20 —30(70)cm high; leaves oblong-obovate or spatulate, round-tipped or retuse, with mucro 0.5—1mm long, somewhat wavy-margined, narrowing at base toa short petiole; flowers 3-merous, axillary, in glomerules or small spiciform inflorescences; bracts linear-lanceolate, subulate-tipped, conduplicate and hence apparently subulate, rather rigid, scarious-margined toward base, 1.5—2 times as long as the flowers; tepals 3, membranous, in staminate flowers lanceolate, long-acuminate, in pistillate ones linear- elliptic, short-acuminate, about equaling the capsule; capsule obovoid, circumscissile; seeds black, glossy, sharp-margined, ca. 0.8mm long; stamens 3. July—October. (Plate XVIII, Figure 6 a—c). Fields, weed-infested places, and roadsides (introduced from N. Am.). — European part: Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V., Transv.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W. and E. Transe.; W. Siberia: U. Tob.,Irt.; Far East: Uss.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Syr D., Kara K., Balkh. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., N. Afr. Described from North America (Philadelphia). Economic importance. Suitable for silage. 8. A.blitum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 990.— A. blitum a sylvestris Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 263. — A.angustifolius var.silvester Thell. in Asch. u. Graeb. Synops. V (1914) 300.— A.sylvestris Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, ex Lois. Not. (1810) 140.— A. pallidus M.B. Fl. taur- cauc. II (1808) 309. Annual; stem erect, sulcate, rather sparsely leafy, 20 —70cm high; leaves long-petioled, broad, ovate to ovate-rhombic, cuneate at base, obtusish, short-mucronate, the margin obscurely sinuate-toothed; glomerules axillary, remote; bracts ovate-lanceolate, shorter than perianth; segments of fruiting perianth 3, elliptic to lanceolate, obtuse, with mucro barely 0.25 mm long, shorter than the fruit; perianth of 279 366 staminate flowers 3-parted, the segments ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; stamens 3; fruit rounded-ellipsoid, 1.5 —2 mm long, circumscissile, 1-seeded, 1.5—2 times as long as the perianth; seed 1.2 (1.4) mm long, shining, round, the margin distinctly sharp-rimmed, blackish-brown or black. July — August. (Plate XVIII, Figure 8, a, b). Weed-infested places, vegetable gardens, more rarely fields. — European part: Crim., Bl.; Caucasus: Dag., E. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Syr D., Kara K., Amu D., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Iran., Bal.-As. Min., Med., N. Afr., Aust. (adventive). Described from W. Europe. Type in London. 9. A. graecizans L. Sp. pl. (1753) 990, p.p.—A.blitum 6 graecizans Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 263.— A. silvestris B graecizans Boiss. Fl. Or. IV (1879) 990.— A.graecisans a normalis O.Kize. Rev. gen. pl. I (1891) 540.— A.angustifolius Lam. Encycl.1 (1783) 115, sensu stricto.— A.blitum y angustifolius Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill (1849 —1851) 859. Annual; stems ascending, densely leafy, 10 —40cm high; leaves 1.5—3 em long and 0.5 —1 cm broad, oblong or narrowly lanceolate, short-petioled, obtuse or round-tipped, short-mucronate; flowers 3-merous, in compact glomerules closely disposed on numerous branchlets and forming a densely paniculate leafy inflorescence; bracts lanceolate, shorter than perianth; tepals 3, lanceolate, in pistillate flower obtusish, with mucro barely 0.25 mm long, with midrib thickened at base, shorter than fruit; capsule circumscissile, markedly longer than perianth, 1.5—2mm long; seed rounded, lenticular, ca. 1 mm broad, shining, black, the margin obscurely blunt-edged; stamens 3; June —August. (Plate XVIII, Figure 9a, b). Weed-infested places and cultivated fields. — Caucasus: Dag., E. Transc. Centr. Asia: Kara K. Gen.distr.: Iran., E. Med., NE Afr. Described from Virginia. Type in London. 10. A. thellungianus Nevski in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS ser. 1, IV (1937). — A.angustifolius ssp. polygonoides Thell. in Aschers. u. Graebn. Synops. V, 1 (1914) 308, pro min. parte (excl. synon). Annual; stem divaricately branched from base, 20—40cm high, or simple, erect and higher, deeply sulcate, reddish; leaves oblong to oblong- lanceolate, gradually narrowing down to a short narrow-winged petiole, with prominent whitish-roseate veins beneath, obtuse, short-mucronate; glomerules axillary, the lower remote, the upper approximate and forming an interrupted spiciform leafy inflorescence; bracts narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate; flowers 3-merous; segments of fruiting perianth lance- subulate, gradually tapering to an awn 0.3—0.75 mm long often reaching the top of the fruit, the midrib inflated at base; capsule circumscissile with mostly reddish operculum, equaling or surpassing the perianth; seed rounded, lenticular, ca. 1 mm broad, shining, black, the margin with an obscure blunt edge; stamens 3. June—August. (Plate XVIII, Figure ties 6): Weed-infested places and cultivated fields. — Centr. Asia: Kara K., Syr D., Pam. Al. Endemic. Described from Turkmenia (Kugitang). Type in Leningrad. 280 11. A.deflexus L. Mant. II (1771) 295.— A.viridis Vill. in Gay Fl. chil. V, 220.— A.prostratus Balb. Misc. bot. (1806) 44.— Albersia deflexa Woron. in Opred. rast. Kavkaza i Kryma II (1914) 2,—Euxolus deflexus Rafin. Fl. Tellur. III (1836) 42. Annual or perennial (2); stem decumbent or ascending, prostrately branched, pubescent (more densely so in upper part), to 80cm high; leaves long-petioled, oblong-ovate, acuminate, with a short mucro, cuneate at base, pubescent on the veins beneath; flowers in axillary glomerules and in small terminal spikes often branched at base; bracts triangular- ovate, acute, about half as long as the perianth; tepals membranous, with a green midrib, short-acuminate, in staminate flowers 2 (rarely 3); stamens 3; segments of pistillate flowers 2 (rarely 3), opposite, linear, sometimes subspatulate, about half as long as the fruit; fruit ellipsoid, 1-seeded, coriaceous, indehiscent, 2—3 mm long and ca. 1.5mm broad, sparsely nerved, the nerves oblong, greenish; seed elongate-ovate, shining, black, 1 —1.2 mm long, obtuse-margined, incompletely filling the fruit cavity. June—September. (Plate XVIII, Figure 12 a). Weed-infested places, gardens, and vineyards. — European part: Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: W. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., N. and S. Am., Afr. Classical location not reported. 12. A. lividus L. Sp. pl. (1753) 990.— A.oleraceus L. Sp. pl. ed. 2 (1763) 1453. A.viridis L. Sp. pl. ed.2 (1763) 1405, p.p.—A.blitum auct. pl.,non L.— Albersia blitum Kunth, Fl. Berol., 2 (1839) 144; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 921; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 859. — Euxolus viridis Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 273. —Ic.: Willd. Hist. Amar. (1790) tab. 1. Annual; stems branched, glabrous, 25 —80cm high, green, often glaucescent; leaves long-petioled, elliptic or ovate-rhombic, abruptly cuneate at base, commonly broadly emarginate, mucronate, the obscurely toothed margin somewhat hairy; flowers in glomerules disposed in green spiciform inflorescences, of these the terminal elongated, the lateral ones axillary and much shorter than the leaf petioles; bracts triangular- lanceolate, half as long as perianth; tepals 3, narrowly lanceolate, about half as long as the fruit; fruit 1.5—2 times as long as the perianth, elliptic, compressed, indehiscent, 1-seeded; seed partially filling the fruit cavity, lenticular, obtuse-margined, shining, black, 1 — 1.2 mm long; stamens 3. June—September. (Plate XVIII, Figure 10a, b). Fields, weed-infested places, and roadsides. — European part: Bl., Crim., M. and U. Dnp., L. Don,.L. V., V.-Don, U. V., Transv.;. Caucasus: all regions; W. Siberia: U.Tob., Irt., Alt.,; Far East: Uss.; Centr. Asia: Syr D., Balkh., Amu D., Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch., Mong., Ind. -Him., Iran., Med., Centr. Eur., Bal.-As. Min., Afr., N. Am., Aust. Described from Virginia. Type in London. Economic importance. The leaves are used for food as green vegetable. 367 Genus 449. ACHYRANTHES* L. L. Gen. pl. ed. 1 (1737) 34. Flowers perfect, 3-bracted, disposed in more or less elongated spikes; perianth 4- or 5-merous, with narrowly lanceolate segments; stamens (3) * From Greek achyron,chaff,and anthos, flower. 281 368 4 or 5, fused at base into a column and alternating with membranous pseudostaminodes; fruit a capsule, with 1 vertical seed. Russian- solometsvet. 1. A. bidentata Blume Bijdr. (1825 —1826) 545; Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 312; Kom. and Alis., Opred. Rast. Dal'nevost. kr. (1925) 196. Annual; stems branched, clothed with stiff appressed hairs, 4-angled; leaves opposite, oval, mucronate, short-petioled, pale green; flowers in oblong or cylindric spikelike inflorescences, the uppermost terminating the stem, the lateral ones axillary and borne on short peduncles; bracts shorter than perianth, one of them broad-ovate, membranous, with a thickened midnerve produced into a mucro, ciliolate, lacerate-toothed in upper part, persistent on the rachis, this covered with whitish implexed hairs; the other two subulate, 3—4mm long, slightly curved, stramineous, rather rigid, falling together with perianth and ovary; two scarious toothlike appendages present at the base of these bracts; perianth segments 4 or 5,narrowly lanceolate, greenish, becoming stramineous, ca. 5mm long, lustrous; stamens 4 or 5, connate at base and alternating with small scarious subtruncate pseudostaminodes; style slightly longer than the filaments; stigma capitate; fruit oval, 1-seeded; seed oblong-cylindric, brownish-black, shining, ca. 1.5mm long. (Plate XVIII, Figure 13 a—e). Introduced from Japan. — Far East: Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. Malay Archipelago. Described from Java. Genus 450. ALTERNANTHERA FORSK. Forsk. Fl. Aeg. Arab. (1775) 28. Fiowers perfect, in axillary glomerules; perianth 5-merous; stamens 5, fused at base into a tube and alternating with subulate (or lanceolate) scarious pseudostaminodes; ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled; fruit a 1-seeded utricle, laterally compressed, narrowly winged on the margin; seed vertical, round, with semipellucid testa. Annual or perennial herbs; stems prostrate, ascending; leaves opposite. 1. A. sessilis (L.) R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1 (1810) 417; Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2 (1849) 357; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 861; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV, 998. — Gomphrena sessilis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 225. Annual, 15 —35 (50) cm high, prostrate-branched, decumbent or ascending, angled, rooting in lower part, jointed, with 2 rows of fluffy hairs; leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, with a short mucro, narrowed toward base and almost sessile, pale green, 2—4mm long and 0.5 —1.5mm broad; flowers in rounded sessile glomerules, these crowded in the leaf axils in groups of 3 or 4; bracts 3, oblong-ovate, whitish, shining, membranous; perianth segments 5, lanceolate, whitish-scarious, shining, firmly united at the thickened base and furnished there with a pair of prominent tubercles, falling away in one piece; stamens 5, united at base into a column surrounding the ovary and alternating with the pseudostaminodes; ovary with a short style and capitate stigma; fruit a round flat indehiscent light brown 1-seeded utricle, emarginate at summit, surpassing the perianth; seed ca. 1.5mm long, light tawny, shining, obtuse-margined, the embryo showing through at the margin, 5402 282 the endosperm glossy. July —August. (Plate XVIII, 14a—c). Wet places; a weed of ricefields. — Caucasus: E. and W. Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch., Ind.-Him., Med., Afr.,S. Am. Described from New Holland. Genus 451. GOMPHRENA L. L. Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 105. Flowers perfect, 3-bracteate, crowded in spiciform or capitate inflorescences; perianth segments 5, commonly densely fleecy; stamens 5, fused into a tube, surrounding the 1-celled 1-ovuled ovary; fruit a 1-seeded utricle, included in the perianth; seed vertical, round, with semipellucid testa. Annual or perennial herbs, mostly heavily hairy, more rarely glabrous, with opposite leaves. 1. G. globosa L. Sp. pl. (1753) 326; Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII, 2, 409. — Xeraea globosSa O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. pl. II (1891) 545. Annual; stems to 30—50cm long, erect or ascending, commonly trichotomously branched, jointed, clothed with appressed hairs; leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, mucronulate, entire, subsessile, half-clasping, pubescent, 6—8&cm long, to 2—5 cm broad, pale green; flowers crowded in compact elongate-ovaloid capitate inflorescences, 2—4cm long and 1.5—2cm broad, subtended by a pair of small ovate- lanceolate leaves; inflorescences borne at the ends of stem and branches, sometimes also axillary; bracts scarious, one smaller, at the flower base, broad-ovate, terminating in a long cusp, the other two longer, broadly lanceolate, subnavicular, pectinately denticulate on the back, purple-tinged, to 10mm long, enveloping the flower; perianth segments 5, narrowly lanceolate, densely covered on the outside with implexed rufescent hairs, tightly enveloping the ovary; style long; stigmas 2, filiform; fruit a white-membranous semitransparent ovoid utricle; seed reddish-brown, shining, compressed toward the hilum, round, ca.1.5mm long, with embryo showing through. July —August. (Plate XVIII, 15, a, b). Cwhiiwateda Centr. Asia:,syry).,.Pam.-Al., T.Sh., Dzu.clarb. Amu De, Kyz. K., Kara K. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch., Ind.-Him.,5..Am. Cultivated throughout W. Europe. Described from India. Note. Schmalhausen (FI. II, 358) makes a vague reference to cultivation of this species in the southern regions of the European part of the USSR. The plant tends to escape from cultivation. Economic importance. Cultivated for ornament. 370 Family LV. NYCTAGINACEAE LINDL.* Flowers actinomorphic, perfect or by abortion unisexual; bracts free or united, often cup-shaped, colored; perianth uniseriate, corolloid, of 5 (rarely 3—7) lobes united for much of their length, commonly strongly * Treatment by B.K. Shishkin. 283 accrescent and transforming into an involucre enclosing the fruit (anthocarp); stamens 3—6; ovary superior, 1-celled, 1-ovuled; ovule anatropous or campylotropous; fruit a thin-walled achene. Genus 452. MIRABILIS* L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 252.— Allionia Loefl. It. Hisp.(1758) 181.— Jalapa Adans. Fam. II (1763) 265.— Vitmannia Turra. apud Cavan.Ic. III (1794) 51,tab.60; Vitmannia Endl. Gen. (1837) 311. Flowers in a dense pseudo-umbellate many -flowered inflorescence, purple, white or yellow; one or several flowers in a campanulate or cup- shaped involucre,** this commonly 5-parted, rarely 4-parted; stamens 3—5 (6), exserted; fruiting perianth ellipsoid or obpyramidal, glabrous or hairy, 5-or 10-nerved, often tuberculate or rugose. Herbaceous, mostly perennial plants, with tuberlike or napiform roots; leaves simple, opposite, entire, petiolate, exstipulate. Key to most commonly cultivated and partly naturalized species I. Perianth tubularvor funnel—shapeds: 43.3262 g i tamege st oh enya fer cere 2. ‘Perianthecam pantlakeies Pasrek sticks Sap thle.) eee anata en ae ene Man arene 5. 2. Involucre 3—10-flowered; perianth tube broad; fruiting perianth more orvlessimucilapinous Nisin wee se M. multiflora Torr. + Involucre 1-flowered; perianth funnel-shaped, its tube often very long and narrow; fruiting perianth ellipsoid, not mucilaginous .... 3. 3. Perianth tube very long and narrow, often glandular-pubescent....... BP bok ee ume on ate is SIS RASA CD 2 ee IVE onerilorcam las 371 + Perianth tube shorter, glabrous or scarcely pubescent ......... 4. 4, Flowers short-pediceled, inodorous; perianth 2.5cm long; involucral lobestiziansular=laneeolate 2.) . sheet eae ea eo) ee ete ee ee M. jalapa L. + Flowers sessile or subsessile, fragrant at night; involucral lobes | OVAte\. RACAL, WAR Rae e hee bate Page ais M. dichotoma L. 5. Leaves linear ...... seh te So M. coccinea (Torr.) Benth. et Hook. + Leaves broadly ovate-cordate .....-. 0.080 ses eee ewe ee ew we 6. 6. Stem softly glandular-pubescent; leaves hairy; flowering involucre ca. 3mm long, subsequently enlarging; perianth roseate, 8mm long FRAME BOs aS, Rares sale LLU OLE Pe Ge ET ee NEV USC Osan Cam + Stem glabrate, with scattered hairs confined to upper part; leaves glabrous, scabrous-margined; involucre ca.20mm long; perianth pPeErsicolonssanguine! ec) elec. Pele. 1. M.nyctaginea (Mich.) MacMillan. From among the plants included in the key and often occurring in cultivation in the USSR, only one species, found as adventive in parks of W. Belorussia, is described. 1. M.nyctaginea (Mich.) MacMillan, Metasp. Minnes (1892) 217. — Allionia nyctaginea Mich. Fl. bor.-Am.I (1803) 100.—Oxybaphus * From Latin mirabilis, wonderful, uncommon. ** The involucre is liable to be mistaken by beginners for the true calyx and thus the flower regarded as as sympetalous. 284 nictagineus Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. I (1830) 429. —Ic.: A. Georgia, Man. Weeds (1914) tab. 82. Perennial; stem erect, 40—60cm high, glabrate, with scattered hairs confined to upper part; leaves broad-ovate, 6—8.5cm long and 4.5—6.5cm broad, obscurely cordate or subtruncate at base, obsoletely and unequally toothed, short-acuminate, glabrous, the petiole 1—1.5cm long; involucre ca. 2cm long, enlarging, 5-lobed, 3—5-flowered; flowers persicolor- sanguine; fruiting perianth scabrous~-pubescent. July. Parks, gardens, and banks of rivulets; also a weed. — European part: U. Dnp. (Narovl', Mozyr District). Gen. distr.: N. Am., naturalized in gardens of W. Europe and introduced (Montpellier). Described from North America, from the banks of the Tennessee River. Family LVI. THELYGONACEAE EICHL.* (Cynocrambaceae) Flowers actinomorphic, unisexual, the plants monoecious or dioecious; staminate flowers on upper part of the stem, opposite the leaves; perianth simple, 2- or 3-parted or else 4- or 5-lobed; stamens 10—30, with slender filaments; pistillate flowers in abbreviated 3-flowered dichasia, borne in the leaf axils and subtended by minute bracteoles; perianth small, united, tubular-clavate, mostly with 2 median lobes, more rarely 4-toothed; ovary inferior, 1-carpellate, containing 1 campylotropus ovule; fruit a drupe with thin fleshy pericarp. Annual plants; leaves opposite, on the lower part of the stem fleshy, ovate, with scarious lacerate stipules. 372 Genus 453. THELYGONUM ** L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 993.— Cynocrambe Gaertn. Fruct. I (1788) 362, tab. 75. 1. T. cynocrambe L. Sp. pl. (1753) 993.— T.alsinoideum Lam. FI. Franc. II (1778) 198.— Cynocrambe prostrata Gaertn. Fruct. I (1788) 362.— C.dioscoridis Bubani, Fl. Pyren. I (1897) 75.—C.cyno- crambe Huth in Helios XI (1893) 134. —Ic.: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. u. Mus. no. 109 (1933) 897. Annual; with slender root; stem 5—35cm long, branched at base, puberulous on one side, with short upper internodes; leaves ovate, acute, 2—5cm long, 0.5—1.5cm broad, sparingly ciliate, with petiole as long as the blade, the lower opposite, the upper alternate, with scarious dissected stipules and often with reduced leafy shoots in the axils; staminate flowers few, soon falling, borne on the upper part of the stem opposite the leaves, 2- or 3-lobed; stamens 6 —28, with connate filaments; pistillate flowers mostly on the lower part of the stem, in 3-flowered axillary dichasia. April—May. In rock crevices. — European part: Crim. (S. slopes of Mt. Ayu-dag) (adventive ?). Gen. distr.: W. and E. Med., Bal., Canary Islands, N. Afr. Described from Italy and Montpellier. Type in London. * Treatment by B.K. Shishkin. ** From Greek thelis,female,and gonu, knee, referring to the sessile axillary female flowers which remain alone on the stem after the early disappearance of the few staminate flowers, and surmount each joint. 285 373 Family LVII. PHYTOLACCACEAE LINDL.* Flowers perfect; perianth simple, mostly persistent in fruit, with 4 or 5 lobes, these free or united at base; stamens 4—10 or indefinite, mostly connate at base; ovary superior, 1- to many-carpellate; fruit fleshy, berrylike. Robust herbs, with entire leaves, racemiform inflorescence, and furcately branched stem. Genus 454. PHYTOLACCA ** L. L. Gen. (1737) 136; Sp. pl. (1753) 441. Perianth actinomorphic, 5-lobed, herbaceous or membranous, sometimes faintly colored; stamens 10—20, rarely fewer; carpels 5—16, mostly 7—10,free or connate; fruit dark red to blackish-red, succulent, berrylike, subsequently drying up; seeds shining, black. 1. P. americana L. Sp. pl. (1753) 441, excl. var.; Walter in Engl. Pflanzr. IV, 83 (1909) 52; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 84. — P.decandra L. Sp. pl. ed. II (1762) 631; Ldb. Fl. Ross. III, 688. —Ic.: Engl.,1l.c.,f.17; Hegi, Fl. Mitt. Fur. III (1909) 266; Farmatsevt. zhurnal, no. 7 (1928) 3. Perennial; root stout, fusiform; stem erect, 1—3m long, glabrous, green or sometimes reddish; branches furcately branched at ends; leaves alternate, the upper often approximate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, (1 0) 15 — 20(40) cm long, (2) 3 —6 (10) cm broad, the upper’ smaller than the lower, with a prominent midvein, green, finally often reddening; petiole angled, glabrous, 1—2—3cm long; inflorescences elongated, racemed, opposite and surpassing the leaves, 10 —15cm and ca. 2 cm broad,peduncled; peduncle straight or somewhat curved, 3—10cm long; pedicels persistent, 4 —6(10) mm long, 3-bracteolate, the basal bracteole lanceolate, 3—4 (16) mm long and 0.5 —1mm broad, the two upper ones 1—2(3)mm long; flowers small, ca.0.5mm in diameter; perianth lobes rounded-ovate, obtuse, concave above, 2—3mm long and ca. 2mm broad, at first whitish, then turning red; stamens 10, half as long as perianth lobes; carpels 10 (12); fruit 10 (12)-ribbed when unripe, surmounted by erect persistent styles, ca. 7—8 mm in diameter, globular and ribless in maturity; seeds reniform- lenticular, ca. 3mm long, compressed, black, shining. June —September. (Plate XIX, Figure 2a). A weed of roadsides and habitations; introduced from North America. — Caucasus: Cisc., W. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur. (S.), Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran.,N. Am. Described from Virginia. Type in London. Economic importance. The juice of berries is used in the Caucasus for dying silk fabrics. The plant is cultivated in the vinicultural regions of W. Europe and Asia and the dark juice extracted from the berries is used to color wines. This adulterant is nowadays considered as harmful. * Treatment by O.I. Kuzeneva. ** From Greek phyton,a plant, and lacca, varnish. 286 374 B75 Family LVI. AIZOACEAE A. Br.* Flowers perfect, actinomorphic; calyx 5-parted; ovary none; stamens 3 —20, mostly united at base in clusters or all together, the outer often transformed into narrowly linear petaloid staminodes; ovary superior, 3—5-celled; fruit a 3—5-valvular, usually hard-walled capsule. Annuals with opposite or alternate mostly spuriously verticillate leaves. Note. Beside the species listed below, the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences contains a specimen of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. (Sp. pl. ed. II, 684) collected in the 1940s by Voznesenskii in Kamchatka, on cliffs in the vicinity of Petropavlovsk. The plant has not since been encountered by anyone. V. L. Komarov (Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 78) suggested that it may have been brought in by boats which used to arrive in those days in Petropavlovsk on their way from the Sandwich Islands, considering that Sesuvium grows in coastal sands of the tropics. i) Calyx campanulate witha, 5 7cleft limb; | Staminode's;noneyis. sys... . reset ei ee. spb: bitet Lase conte Egos scenes a) deen ds te) tide he 457. Aizoon L. + Calyx 5-parted nearly to the base; staminodes present or absent... 2. 2. stamens 5; staminodes none; seeds without strophiole ........... RMN Ca sitio tfanleniye) sei) Mc Na Shia. Vas edatn er Gal sats geo elie Tal see ohhe: MOIS, 455. Mollugo L + (miamens125,-staminodes present; | ‘seedststrophiolate.s0ciosa .ta 0)... Ee Le a ha oy Oe ve ober Bele tee Ara: 456. Glinus Loefl Genus 455. MOLLUGO** L. L. Gen. pl. ed. 1 (1737) 335; Sp. pl.(1753) 89. Calyx 5-parted, persistent in fruit; corolla none; stamens 5, alternating with sepals; ovary 3-celled, with 3 stigmas, central placentation and several ovules in each cell; fruit a 3-celled 3-valved loculicidal capsule. Small glabrous annuals with linear leaves. 1. M.cerviana (L.) Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 392; Fenzl in Ldb. FI. BoOssil toa: Boiss, Fl. Or. Efo6; FE 1 165; Shishk.in Fl Yugo-Vost. ly, Jaa ery. Hl. Zap. oib. V, dul. — Pharnaceum. cerviana 1L.Sp. pl. (1753) 272.—Ic.: Fiori e Paolettii Ic. Fl.Ital. (1895 —1904) tab.10; FI. Yugo-Vost. IV, pl. 296. — Exs.: Fl. italica exs.no. 251; Dorfler Herb. norm. no. 4526; HFR no. 1574. Annual, with a straight, slender root; plant glabrous throughout, grayish-green; stems divaricately branched from base, erect or divergent, slender, 3—12 (15)cm long; leaves sessile, linear, gradually narrowing toward base, obtuse or obtuse-pointed, 3—12(20)mm long and 0.2—0.5mm broad, the basal rosulately approximate, the cauline spuriously verticillate; inflorescences umbellike, at the ends of branches arising from leaf axils, (2)-3 —5-flowered; pedicels several times the length of the flower, * Treatment by O.1. Kuzeneva. ** Name transferred from Galium mollugo, owing to the resemblance of the apparently whorled leaves. 376 4—10mm long, slender, erect, spreading in fruit, bracteolate at base with linear-oblong whitish-scarious bracteoles ca. 0.6mm long; sepals elongate, 2—2.5mm long, obtuse, white, scarious-margined, with a broad oblong pinnately branched green median band; stamens half to two-thirds as long as perianth; capsule rounded-ovoid, enclosed in and somewhat shorter than the perianth; seeds dark brown, somewhat shining, slightly reticulate. , June—July. (Plate XIX, Figure 3a, b). Sandy and sandy-pebbly soil. — European part: M. Dnp., V.-Don, Bl., Crim. (rare), L. Don, L. V.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. ([former] Ural'sk District, Karan-tyube); Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Lake Zaisan area, Black Irtysh River valley). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from specimens collected at Rostok, in Russia, and in Spain. Type in London. Genus 456. GLINUS* LOEFL. Loefl. ex L. Sp. pl. (1753) 403. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, persistent in fruit; corolla none; stamens 3—20; narrow staminodes present; ovary 3—5-celled, ovoid; styles 3—5; fruit a loculicidal capsule, containing numerous seeds. Heavily pubescent annuals. 1. G. lotoides L. Sp. pl. ed. 2 (1762) 663; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III, 330; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 153; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 755; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 85.—Ic.: Sibth. et Smith, Ic. Fl. graec. (1825) 472; Engl. et Drude Veget. d. Erde 1X, 1 (1910) 238, tab. 207, f. E.K.— Exs.: Herb. Fl. eauc. no. 266. Annual, with a slender root; plant pubescent throughout, covered with soft stellate and simple hairs; stems ascending or prostrate, often decumbent, 20—50cm long, simple or branched, more or less terete, leafy; leaves clustered, petiolate, obovate or oblong-spatulate, 1.5—4cm long and 0.5—1.5cm broad, obtuse or rarely acuminate, entire; flowers axillary, crowded, the unequal pedicels ebracteolate; calyx parted nearly down to base; sepals ovate, ca. 7mm long and 2.5—3mm broad, on outer face densely covered withwhitish stellate hairs with a dark median band and membranous margins; on inner face glabrous, white, reddish on the margin, distinctly banded; stamens 12, subulate, shorter than sepals; anthers elongated; staminodes linear, flat, bifid, acuminate; ovary ellipsoid, 5-grooved, glabrous; styles short, spreading; stigmas simple; capsule 5-angled, 5-valved, covered by the calyx; seeds numerous, rounded- reniform, black. July —October. Inundated and waterlogged places. — Caucasus: E. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Sicily. Type in London. Genus 457. AIZOON** L. Loefl. ex L. Sp. pl. (1753) 403. Calyx with a campanulate tube, deeply 5-parted, colored inside, persistent in fruit; corolla none; stamens numerous, alternating with sepals; ovary * From Greek glinos, sweet juice. ** Name of an evergreen plant occurring in Pliny's writings. 288 377 5-celled; styles 5; capsule 5-angled, 5-valved, enclosed by the calyx. Annuals with succulent leaves. 1. A. hispanicum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 488; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 144; Boiss. Fl. Or. II, 765; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 85. — Ic.: DC. Hist. des pl. grasses (1810) 30. — Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. no. 265. Annual, with a branched fibrous root; plant lepidote-glandular throughout; stem (3) 5—18cm long, profusely branched; branches prostrate, terete, green; leaves sessile, half-clasping, borne at the base of branches, subopposite or verticillately approximate, elongate, obtuse, 1.5—4 (5) cm long, 3—5 (9) mm broad, thick, succulent, green, the margins slightly revolute; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile or short-pediceled, 1—1.5cm long; sepals lanceolate, ca. 3mm broad, twice the length of the calyx tube, the outer face green, the inner whitish; stamens united at base in groups of 2 or 3, borne between and shorter than the sepals; ovary rounded-pentagonal; styles 5, short, somewhat recurved; capsule 5-celled; seeds many in each cell, rounded-reniform. April—May. (Plate XIX, Figure 1 a). Saline soils in deserts and semideserts. — Caucasus: E. Transc. Gen. distr.: W.and E. Med., Iran., Arabia. Described from Spain. Type in London. Family LIx. PORTULACACEAE LINDL. * Flowers perfect, the plants monoecious; calyx 2-parted, sometimes adnate at base to ovary, persistent or caducous; corolla of 5 (rarely 4—9), distinct or united; stamens 3—15; style 3—6-fid; ovary superior or half-inferior, 1-celled, with central placentation; capsule (2) 3—many- seeded, dehiscing by an operculum or by 3 valves; seeds with copious endosperm. Small annual or perennial herbs with entire leaves. Key to Genera 1. Flowers yellow, sessile; capsule opening by a round lid .......... bes. Ai uuieg a fe lnatre ye icbietgban ge) sbecigcsc’ drops pe eee ore 460. Portulaca L. + Flowers white or roseate, pediceled; capsule opening by 3 valves... 2. 2. Petals) 54.3>-12.imm done sustamiens) 5 icsiies eons f S4che £) Gee 458. Claytonia L. + #Petalisns, 2523 dongs stamens, Bi ark ui niduee eels 459. Montia Michx. Genus 458. CLAYTONIA ** GRONOV. Gronov. ex L. Gen. pl. ed.I (1737) 339; L. Sp. pl. (1753) 204. Calyx 2-parted, persistent; petals 5, free, short-clawed, inserted on the receptacle at the ovary base; stamens opposite the petals, the filaments adnate at base to the claws; ovary superior, containing 3—6 ovules; style 3-fid; capsule 3—6-seeded, opening by 3 valves; seeds flattened. * Treatment by O. I. Kuzeneva. ** Named for the botanist John Clayton, who did most of his work in Virginia. 289 378 1. Taprodt stout, clobularm or susifor nics Aver Spence et. mom Aone hoe aa 2. + anT aproot, slender yee = iiriitey! ca bias eal. as os SR eee te aoemen ee 3. 2. Taproot [corm]; more or less globular (Section 1. Cormosae De Grey ROP ok Fs Bi, Bo SAS OS tate Bee id 1. C.tuberosa Pall. + Taproot fusiform (Section 2. Caudicosae A.Gray).......... 3. 3. Annual plants, more rarely perennials. Rhizome mostly absent or very short (Section 5. Limnia propria A.Gray)...8. C. sibirica L. + Perennial plants with long horizontal rhizomes ............... 4. 4. Cauline leaves 2, opposite, broad (Section 3. Rhizomatosae A. Gray) ao SY MRE ES - REIRRREIED SBE SER ARREARS, ERAS, 6. C. sarmentosa C. A. M. + Cauline leaf 1, linear (Section 4. Microclaytonia Kuzen.)....... eR, EDA EM PRR IP Raae ane PETES tne nt, ONES OL a 7. C.vassilievii Kuzen. 5. Lower part of stem and base of petioles enveloped by broad membranous sheaths; leaves acute. .....-...; 2. C. acutifolia Pall. +, *hower part ot Stent exposed "Oi. hb 8240S... EARS ae ee 6. 6. Inflorescence bracteate; leafthin, mostly linear or linear-lanceolate.... Dea Udae ast Wane Ney APs Naaievced or lei onle ‘atecuuant fepien eas w+ .e Ow €.) eschscholtzii Cham. + Inflorescence bractless; leaves firm, mostly elliptic or oboval... 7. 7. Stem (7)10—25cm long; sheaths of radical leaves triangular....... Seer epson uceass yeast on Gees 8 case ee eee ss 4. C. iloanneana Roemer sehult: + Stem to 10cm longs; sheaths, of radical leaves semiorbicularg. 3 eee cis icges ealak -Sameaes oy clus. emia ds Dee ances ston ecg aah roan eo aS 3. C. arctica Adams. Section 1. CORMOSAE A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. XXII (1887) 278. — Taproot globular; radical leaves none or few; cauline leaves 2, opposite, oblong orlinear; inflorescence ebracteate; pedicels recurved at base. Perennials. 1. C.tuberosa Pall. ex Willd. in Roem. et Schult. Syst. V (1819) 436; Hultén, Fl. of Kamtch. Il, 62; Kom., Fl. Kamch. Il, 74.— C.virginica B media Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 146. Perennial; corm subglobose, somewhat flattened, 1 —2 cm in diameter; stem solitary, slender, erect or somewhat flexuous, 15 —25 cm long; cauline leaves 2, opposite, at or slightly above the middle of the stem, linear-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, pointed, regularly narrowing toward base, 2—6(7)cm long, 2—6mm broad, thickish; radical leaves wanting; racemes 3—10-flowered, erect; pedicels erect, becoming arched-recurved or pendulous in fruit,2—3cm long; lowest bract leaflike, oval, sessile, the upper bracts paired, small, membranous; sepals 2, green, divergent, oval, narrowly white-margined; petals 5,ca. 8mm long, white, with a yellow blotch at base; stamens shorter than corolla; capsule ovaloid, 1-celled, shorter than calyx; seeds black, shining. June—July, beginning of August. (Plate XIX, Figure’4 a). Sphagnum tundra; solitary or in groups.— Arctic: An.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (Khatanga, Verkhoyansk); Far East: Kamch. Gen. distr.: N. Alaska. Described from Kamchatka. Type in London. Economic importance. The corms are edible. In the Koryak National District they used to be collected in large amounts. 290 (379) PLATE XIX. 1. Aizoon hispanicum L.: a) flower.— 2. Phytolacca americana L.: a) flower. — 3. Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser.: a) and b) flower.— 4. Claytonia tuberosa Pall.: a) flower.— 5. C.eschscholtzii Cham.— 6. Montia minor Gmel.— 7. M.lamprocarpa Cham. 381 382 Section 2. CAUDICOSAE A. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. XXII (1887) 280. — Taproot fusiform, long; radical leaves numerous, petiolate; petioles dilated and membranous at base; radical leaves 2 or 3, opposite or alternate; inflorescence ebracteate or with numerous minute membranous bracts. Perennial plants. 2. C.acutifolia Pall. ex Willd. in Roem. et Schult. V (1819) 436; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 147; Hultén Fl. of Kamtch. II, 60; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 75. Perennial; the stems and the numerous radical leaves enveloped at base by broad membranous sheaths; stems ascending or spreading, 8—10—20 cm long; radical leaves broadly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5 —18cm long, (0.5) 1 —1.5 cm broad, pointed, fleshy, the flat petiole dilated at base; cauline leaves 2, opposite, lanceolate, sessile; raceme loose; bracts on the lowest pedicel oval, pointed, to 1 cm long, on the upper pedicels minute, subulate, or wanting; sepals acute,6—8mm long; petals oboval, entire, large, bright rose. June —August. Tundra and stony slopes of bald mountains. — Arctic: Arc. Sib. (E. part), Chuk., An.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol.; Far East: Kamch., Okh. Gen. distr.: N. Am. Described from E. Siberia. Type in London. 3. C. arctica Adams in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. V (1817) 94; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 143; Hultén, Fl. of Kamtch., 60; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 76. —Ic.: Hultén, l.c., tab. 2e. Perennial, with a fleshy fusiform taproot; radical leaves numerous, fleshy, thick, without distinct veins, oboval or spatulate-oblong, the long flat petioles dilated at base; stems numerous, resembling the basal leaves but not membranous-margined, the central mostly erect, the peripheral ascending to prostrate; radical leaves 2, mostly about the middle of the stem, oval, sessile; raceme few-flowered, before anthesis nodding, becoming erect; pedicels flat, ebracteate; sepals broadly elliptic, obtuse; petals oboval, slightly retuse, white or lurid, with a yellow blotch at base, 3 times as long as the calyx. June—July. Arctic tundra and the alpine zone of N. Kamchatka. — Arctic: Arc. Sib.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol.(N.); Far East: Kamch. Endemic. Described from the lower reaches of the Lena. Type in Leningrad. 4, C.joanneana Roem. et Schult. Syst. V (1819) 434; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 148; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 982. — C.acutifolia Ldb. Fl. Alt.1 (1829) 253. —Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. III, tab. 212 (sub C.acutifolia). Perennial; taproot stout, 5—10mm thick, long, fusiform; stems numerous, spreading or ascending, 7—25cm long; radical leaves numerous, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, acute or obtuse, the long petioles dilated and membranous-margined at base, often roseate; leaves including petiole 3—20cm long, 1—3cm broad; radical leaves at or slightly above the middle of the stem, opposite, sessile, ovate or elliptic, pointed, 1.5 —3cm long and 1—1.5cm broad; raceme terminal, simple; pedicels ebracteate; sepals suborbicular or rounded-reniform, concave, ca.6mm long and 8mm broad; petals pale rose or white, about twice the length of the calyx, 11—13mm long and 6 —8mm broad, broadly obovate, slightly retuse, short- petioled; stamens half as long as the petals, the filaments flat, slightly 292 dilated toward base; capsule almost exposed, equaling the calyx; seeds round, black, smooth, shining, ca.3mm indiameter. June—July. The alpine zone of moss-and-lichen or gravelly lichen tundra, near glaciers and snow peds, on rocks and rock streams. — W. Siberia: Ob (SE), Irt. (E.), Alt.; | E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 5. C. eschscholtzii Cham. in Linnaea VI (1830) 561; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 147. Perennial; taproot stout, 0.5—1.5 (2) cm thick, fusiform, reddish inside when dry; stems 1—4 or numerous, 8—15 (24) cm long, ascending; radical leaves numerous, linear to linear-lanceolate, obtusish, with a pronounced midrib, 5 —15 (18) cm long, 2—3(5) cm broad, thin and delicate, membranous at base; cauline leaves 2, linear-lanceolate, 1.5 —2 (4) em long, 2mm broad; inflorescence sparsely flowered, bracteate; bracts rather small, narrow, pointed, 5—10mm long; pedicels 3 times as long as the expanded flower; sepals ovate,ca.5mm long; petals obovate, slightly retuse, 3—4 times the length of the calyx, 10—12mm long; stamens half as long as petals; capsule about the length of the calyx; seeds round, flat, black, shining, ca.3mm indiameter. June—August. (Plate XIX, Figure 5). On bald mountains and passes in mossy bogs. — Arctic: Chuk.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol.; Far East: Okh., Ze.-Bu. Endemic. Described from the Okhotsk District. Section 3. RHIZOMATOSAE A. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. XXII, 280 (1887). — Rootstocks creeping or suckering; radical leaves long-petioled, the petioles dilated but not membranous at base; cauline leaves 2, opposite, broad, sessile; inflorescence almost bractless; pedicels ascending or erect at maturity. Perennial plants. 6. C. sarmentosa C. A. M. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VII—Nouv. Mém. I (1829) 137; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 149; Hultén Fl. of Kamtch. II, 61; Kom., FI. Kamen. Uy tiie saleace ©. ASME dscs, tabsisesohHultémealweratab.: Ub fet. Perennial; taproot fusiform-filiform, simple, covered at the top with remnants of dead leaves; stems 4—8 from one root, erect, the peripheral more or less ascending or prostrate, slender, 10—20cm long; the axils of preceding year's leaves also bearing filiform offshoots 2—5(10)cm long and terminating in a bud or developing a number of leaves; radical leaves numerous, to 8cm long, oboval-spatular, obtuse-tipped, cuneate at base, the long petiole not dilated; cauline leaves 2, ca. 1cm long, opposite, sessile, broad-ovate, point-tipped; inflorescence simple, 2 —6-flowered, ebracteate; pedicels filiform, erect at anthesis, finally drooping; sepals 2, broad-ovate, ca.5mm long; petals 5, short-clawed, to 15 mm long, obovate, obtuse, pale rose, with darker raspberry-colored nerves; filaments subulate, with small anthers, surpassing the calyx; ovary elongate, with filiform styles. July — August. Arctic: Chuk.; Far East: Kamch., Okh. Gen.distr.: the coast and islands of North America. Described from Saint George Island. Type in Leningrad. 383 293 384 Section 4. MICROCLAYTONIA Kuzen. — Rootstock long, slender, creeping, branched; radical leaves few or wanting, sessile, slightly dilated at base; cauline leaf 1, sessile; inflorescence with a single bract at base. Perennial plants. 7. C. vassilievii Kuzen. sp.nova in Addenda V, p. 668. Perennial; rootstock long, slender, creeping, branched, giving rise to flowering stems as well as vegetative shoots; stems short, slender, 3—4 cm high including inflorescence; cauline leaf 1, sessile, linear, ca. 1ecm long and 1 mm broad, obtuse, amplexicaul at base; radical leaves 1—3 (more rarely wanting) and the leaves of sterile shoots linear, 15 —30 mm long and 1—2 mm broad, obtusish; flowering raceme loosely 2 —4-flowered, 1.5 —2 cm long, subtended by a single broad-ovate foliaceous bract 4—5 mm long; pedicels recurved in fruit, rarely erect, (4) 10-15 mm long; sepals broad, (2.5) 3—4mm long, roseate; petals whitish, 6—8mm long; stamens surpassing the calyx; seeds round. June—July. Eroded mountainous meadow-tundra. — Arctic: An. Endemic. Described from the Rarytkin Range. Type in Leningrad. Section 5. LIMNIA PROPRIA A. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. XXII (1887) 280. — Leaves at inflorescence base numerous, petiolate; cauline leaves 2, opposite, sessile, often partially united. Annual or rarely perennial plants. 8. C. sibirica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 204; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 149; Hultén Fl. of Kamtch. II, 61; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 77. Annual, more rarely perennial; root fibrous; stems erect or ascending, 20—40cm long; radical leaves rhombic, ovate, or broadly elliptic, more rarely elongate, acute or rarely obtusish, the blade 2—5 cm long, 1.5 —4cm broad; petioles (6)10—15(18) cm long, marginate, dilated toward base; cauline leaves sessile or subpetiolate, obovate to broadly obovate, 2—4cm long, 1.5—3cm broad; inflorescence mostly solitary (rarely 2 or 3); lower bracts 1—1.5cm long and 0.5—1cm broad, the upper ones linear; pedicels alternate, slender, divergent, subsequently horizontally spreading or reclinate; sepals broad-ovate, obtusish, ca.4mm long; petals broadly obovate or oblong, 7—10mm long, obtuse to retuse, white or rose; seeds ca.2mm long. June—August. Damp valleys. — Far East: Komandorskie Islands. — Gen. distr.: N. Am. Described from Siberia (apparently from islands, since it has not yet been found on the continent). Type in London. Genus 459. MONTIA* MICH. Mich. ex L. Syst. ed.1 (1735). Calyx 2-parted, herbaceous, persistent; corolla of 5 connate petals; split down on one side, with 2 larger and 3 smaller lobes; stamens 3, inserted at the base of the smaller corolla lobes; style short, 3-fid:; * Named for the Italian Monti, professor at Bologna at the beginning of the 18th century. 294 385 fruit a rounded capsule, not united at base with the calyx, (2) 3-seeded, 3-valvular, loculicidal, the valves curling up after dehiscence. Small annual or perennial plants with opposite leaves and small white flowers in terminal and spuriously lateral inflorescences. 1. Stems submersed, floating or prostrate ...... 3. M. rivularis Gmel. SET SMA aa) fc ke eae era e ate Ske ahs! eral aka wigp? @ limsl yay ss) spud Gps, wigs lorie. 4 2. 2. Seeds coarsely and prominently tuberculate ..... 1. M. minor Gmel. POC COS TEIRe IV LOC T CULALC eis Kryl.,; Pl. Zap. Sib. Vj, 995.— Arenaria thymifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. (1814) 317.— Alsine humifusa Britt. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club V (1894) 150.— Ic.: Fl. Dan. VI, tab. 978.— Exs.: Fellman Pl. Arct. no. 49, 50. Perennial, with a slender creeping rootstock; stems glabrous, prostrate, rooting at nodes, branched,5—12 cm long; leaves oblong, acuminate, sometimes sublanceolate, sessile, thickish, 3—4mm long, 1.5—2.5mm broad, often with abbreviated branchlets in the axils; flowers rather few, short- pediceled, scattered, axillary or terminal; bracts herbaceous, leaflike; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 3— 3.5mm long and ca. 1.5mm broad, two-thirds as long as to slightly shorter than petals; capsule ca. 3mm long, about equaling calyx, ovoid. June— August. (Plate XXI, Figure 2). Polar-Arctic tundra, riverbanks and seacoasts, usually in sandy soil. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib., Chuk.; European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech.; W. Siberia: Ob; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Ze.-Bu. (?) Uda, Sakh. Gen. distr.: Arctic, N. Am. (Arctic). Described from Scandinavia. Type in Copenhagen. 13. S. winkleri (Briq.) Schischk. comb. nova.— Cerastium winkleri Briq. in Ann. Conserv. et Jard. Bot. Généve XIII— XIV (1911) 382.— Ceras- tium schizopetalum H. Winkl. in Videnskab Meddel. (1901) 51, non Maxim. 309 404 Perennial, matted; rootstock slender, creeping; stems glabrous, ascending, rooting at nodes,2—3cm long; leaves sessile, narrowly elliptic to linear-elliptic, acuminate, to 10mm long and 2—3mm broad; flowers solitary, on pedicels to 10—12mm long; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, scarious-margined, 3—4mm or more rarely ca.2—2.5mm long, obscurely nerved; petals about equaling calyx, 2-parted almost to base. July— August. Damp places in the high mountain zone.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Pamir (Belung-kul’, at an altitude of 3,800 m, 30 August, 1898, no. 1193, O. Paulsen). Type in Copenhagen; cotype in Leningrad. 14. S. ebracteata Kom. in A. H. P. XVIII (1901) 441.— Ic.: Kom. in A. H. P. XXII (1904) tab. 3, 4. Perennial; roots slender, filiform; stem solitary, simple, with a line of hairs on one side, slender, delicate, ascending or erect; leaves sessile or with very short petioles, thin, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, 2—3cm long and 0.4—1cm broad, glabrous or with scattered hairs in lower part and on the margin; bracts none; flowers solitary, rarely paired, terminal, commonly long-pediceled; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scarious-margined, hairy; petals nearly twice as long as calyx, witha large apical notch, oblong-cuneate; anthers black; capsule shorter than calyx; seeds tuberculate. June. River valleys, damp moss-covered places, and springs. — Far East: Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.: N. Korea. Described from.the Bureya Mountains. Type in Leningrad. 15. S.calycantha (Ldb.) Bong. Veg. Ins. Sitcha (1833) 127.— Arenaria calycantha Ldb. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. V (1815) 534.— S.borealis Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. II (1824) 182; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 331.— S.alpestris Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. I (1832) 10.— Alsine borealis Britt. Mem. Torr. Club. V (1894) 150.— A.-borealis alpestris Britt., 1. c. (1893). — Exs.: Pl. Finl. exsicc. no. 630. Perennial; rootstock slender, creeping, branched; stems 10—20(35)cm long, ascending, slender, 4-angled, slightly branched, glabrous or at summit puberulent; leaves sessile, ovate, elliptic-lanceolate, 2—4cm long and 1— 5mm broad, thickish, the margin ciliate and beset with very short tubercles; flowers terminal, in a rather loose cyme; bracts herbaceous, glabrous; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 2.4—3.5 mm long, obscurely nerved; petals none (var.apetala Fenzl) or sometimes half as long as calyx, 2-cleft; capsule ovoid or oblong, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx; seeds dark brown, smooth or obscurely tuberculate, 0.8— 1mm in diameter. July— August. (Plate XXI, Figure 1). Coniferous woods, banks of rivers and lakes, and pebbles. — Arctic: Arc. Eur.;:‘European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech.;: Far East: (Kamehs,; Okh., Sakh. Gen.distr.: Scand.,N. Am. Described from the Far East. Type in Leningrad. Note. Apparently hybridizing with S.diffusa Willd. Series 5. Gramineae Roshev. Leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear, at least four times as long as broad. 310 ep 16. S. graminea L. Sp. pl. (1753) 422; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 391; Shmal'g., Fl.1,157; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 999.— S. subulata Boeber in Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin VII (1816) 195.— Alsine graminea Britt. Mem. Torr. Club V (1894) 150.— Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. V, tab. 224. — Exs.: HFR no. 706.— Vernacular: p'yanaya trava [temulent herb]. Perennial; rootstock slender, branched, or profusely branched and small-flowered (var.hippoctona Czern.); stems 15—50cm long, branched, ascending , 4-angled, smooth; leaves narrow, linear, acute var. lanceolata Fenzl), to4cm long and 4mm broad, ciliate-margined (var. linearis Fenzl) or broader, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate at base; inflorescence diffusely many-flowered; bracts scarious, ciliate; sepals elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, 3-nerved, 3.5—5 mm long and 1—1.25mm broad; petals as long as or slightly shorter than calyx, deeply 2-cleft, with linear lobes; capsule oblong, exceeding calyx; seeds finely roughened. May-— July. Meadows, fields and scrub. — European part: all regions; Caucasus: Cisc.; W. Siberia: all regions; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Sakh. (introduced?), also reported for other regions; Centr. Asiggelr.—Casp., BalkhijDzu.-Darbu; Kyz-K.5 syn D.2Pams-Al., T. Sh: Gen. distr.: throughout Europe, Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Tib. ? Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Considered toxic to horses, especially in the southern regions of the European part. According to Chernyaev (Consp. Fl. Charkov.), var.hippoctona Czern. is particularly toxic. (05 17. S.jaluana Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo XXVII (1913) 129 et in Fedde Repert. sp. nov. XIII (1914) 269.— S.longifolia Kom. Fl. Mansh. II, 170, p- p- (non Muehilb. ). ; Perennial, matted, with slender rootstocks; stem to 40cm long, slender, 4-angled, scantily leafy; leaves linear, 1—2cm long and ca. 1mm broad, shorter than internodes, sometimes ciliate at base; flowers terminal or axillary in sparingly branched inflorescences, the straight slender 1-flowered branches 2—4cm long; sepals 4—5 mm long, narrow, acuminate; petals much longer than calyx, 2-parted almost to base, with narrow lobes; stamens shorter than sepals, 3mm long; capsule oblong, ca.6mm long; seeds 0.5mm long, distinctly rugose. June— August. Valley meadows.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Yalu River in N. Korea. Type in Tokyo. 18. S.brachypetala Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 161; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1,390; Kryl.; Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1000.— S.graminea 6 brachype- tala Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXV, 1 (1862) 287.— ? S.glauca 6 altaica Rgl.,l.c. (1862) 225.—Ic.: Ldb.Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. V (1834) tab. 410. Perennial; rootstock slender, creeping; stems 5—8&cm long, sprawling (var. procumbens Kryl. ),or 13—25cm long, erect or ascending (var. erecta Bge.); leaves 1—2cm long and 1.5—4mm broad, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, commonly sparsely ciliate at base; inflorescence dichotomously divaricate, terminal, few-flowered; bracts white scarious; sepals lanceolate, gradually tapering to a slender point, distinctly nerved, white-scarious-margined, 5— 8mm long and 1.25—2 mm 311 407 broad; petals one-half to two-thirds as long as calyx, 2-parted almost to base, with linear-oblong lobes; capsule oblong, exceeding calyx. June— August. Sand-and-pebble banks of mountain streams; also damp, sometimes solonetzic sites. — W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., Pam. -Al. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from the Chuya River in Altai. Type in Leningrad. 19. S.imbricata Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 159; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 389.— S.palustris var.imbricata Kryl. Fl. Alt.1 (1901) 169;\. Fl. sib. occid. V, 998. — Ic.: lidb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. V, tab. 419). Perennial, loosely cespitose; rootstock slender, long-creeping; stems to 10cm long, slender, 4-angled, ascending or semidecumbent; leaves somewhat overlapping, twice as long as internodes, ca. 10—11mm long, oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, glabrous, smooth, thickish; flowers terminal, solitary, rarely paired, on rather short pedicels; bracts ovate, scarious; sepals ca. 5mm long, ovate, glabrous, broadly scarious-margined; petals 2-cleft, with ovate-oblong lobes, slightly exceeding calyx; capsule oblong- acuminate, 1.5 times as long as calyx, turning brown in maturity; seeds ca. 1.2mm long, rounded-reniform, somewhat roughened. June— July. Riverbanks and slopes in mountains. — W. Siberia: Alt. Endemic. Described from the Chuya River valley in Altai. Type in Leningrad. 20. S. palustris Ehrh. Beitr. V (1789) 176, nom. nud.; Retz. Fl. Scand. Prodr. ed. 2 (1795) 106; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 997.— S. glauca With. Bol. Arr. Brit. pl. ed. 3, II (1796) 420; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 389; Shmal'g., Fl.1,157.— ?S.dilleniana Moench, Enum. pl. Haas. (1777) 214.— Larbraea palustris Fuss, Fl. Transs. (1866) 118.— S.glauca@ communis Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 389; Kyle, Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 998.— S.palustris var.virens G. F. W. Meyer Chloris Hannov. (1836) 198; Kryl.,l.c.; Shmal'g., Fl. 1 (1895) 157.— S.laxmanni Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 158, non Fisch.— S.glauca B virens Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 390, ex parte — S.palustris var. fennica Murrb. in Bot. Not. (1899) 206.— S.palustris var.alpina Kryl.,l.c.— Alsine glauca Britt. in Britt. u. Brown. Ill. Fl. North. Un. Stat. ed. 2, II (1914) 44.— Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. V (1834) tab. 423 (sub S.laxmanni Bge.).— Exs.: HFR no. 657 (sub S.glauca With.). Perennial; rootstock slender, branched; stems 20—45cm long, rarely 10—12cm (var.alpina Kryl.), ascending, usually simple, 4-angled, smooth, glaucous (var.communis Fenzl) or green (var. virens G.F.W. Mey.); leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, to 3cm long, the lowest shorter and broader, glabrous, thickish, or (var.fennica Murb. in northern regions) stem angles and leaf margin rough with minute warts; flowers in rather loose cymes, terminal; bracts scarious, glabrous; sepals 5— 7mm long, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, acuminate, scarious-margined; petals about twice as long as calyx, rarely equaling or very slightly shorter than calyx (var.parviflora Nolte), 2-cleft to middle or beyond; capsule oblong- globular, about equaling calyx; seeds dark brown, somewhat roughened. June — July. Bul7 Bogs, boggy meadows, riverbanks, and sometimes solonetzic meadows. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., L. Don; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. and S. Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob, Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: all regions; Far East: (?) Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., Syr D., Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Seand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Ind.-Him., Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Switzerland. Type in Gottingen. 21. S.persica Boiss. Diagn. ser. II, 1 (1853) 85.— S.virens (Fenzl) Rupr. Fl. Cauc. I (1868) 222.— S.glauca B virens Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 390, ex parte; Lipsky, Fl. Cauc. 252.— S.glauca Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 708.— S.glauca 8 persica Boiss., l.c. (1867) 708.— S.stricta C. Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 707, non Sm.— S.eciliata Fenzl ex Rupr., 1. c. (1868) 297.— S.glauca var.laxmanni Trautv.in A.H. P. II (1873) 513. Perennial, glabrous and smooth throughout; stems erect or ascending, 15 —40cm long; leaves linear to lance-linear, 1—2.5cm long and 1—2mm broad; flowers in a loose cyme; pedicels rather long, slender, recurved in fruit; bracts scarious-margined or scarious throughout, lanceolate, the margin glabrous; sepals lanceolate, 4—6mm long and 1—1.5mm broad, acute, 3-nerved, scarious-margined; petals 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, the limb 2-parted almost to base, with linear-oblong lobes; capsule oblong, three-fourths as long as calyx; seeds brown, obscurely tuberculate, 0.75mm long. July— August. Boggy meadows and peaty lakeshores in the subalpine zone. — Caucasus: Greater Caucasus, E.and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from !ran (Alwand). Type in Geneva. 22. S.fontana M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda, V, p. 669. Perennial, glabrous and smooth throughout; stem weak, ascending, 5—15cm long, more or less branched; leaves lance-linear, 7— 20mm long and 1.5—3mm broad, acute, narrowing toward base, green or glaucescent; flowers solitary or 3—5 together, terminal; pedicels 1—3cm long, slender; bracts lanceolate, broadly scarious-margined or scarious throughout, 2—4mm long; sepals ovate-oblong, 4—5 mm long and ca. 1.5mm broad, acute, broadly scarious-margined, glabrous; petals white, 2-parted almost to base, as long as, exceeding, or scarcely shorter than calyx. June—July. Banks of small streams in the alpine and subalpine zones. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Shakhrizyabs. Type in Leningrad. Note. The species established by M. G. Popov was described from badly preserved specimens. Since, however, it cannot be identified with any of the known species, we have included it in the Flora. The specimens from Shakhrizyabs, on which the description was based, show a resemblance to material collected at some other locations in Pam.-Al. 23. S. hebecalyx Fenzl in Rupr. Fl. Samojed. Cisural. (1845) 26; Shishk. in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 253; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 996.— S. glauca var. lasiosepala Meinsh. in Linnaea XXX (1860) 500.— S.graminea € hebecalyx Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXV, 1 (1862) 287.— S.pono- jensis A. Arrh. in Bot. Notis. (1888) 190 et Meddel. Soc. pro f. et fl. fenn. LVI (1891) 192—198. 313 409 Perennial; rootstock slender, creeping; stems ascending, branched, 4-angled, smooth, to 35cm long; leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear - lanceolate, 1-nerved, glabrous, smooth, to 2.5cm long and 3— 8mm broad; flowers in a terminal’ dichasium; pedicels long, smooth; bracts scarious, eciliate like the leaves; sepals oblong-lanceolate, softly pubescent in upper part, ciliate-margined in lower part; petals slightly exceeding calyx, to 6mm long, 2-cleft; capsule oblong, nearly twice as long as calyx. July— August. Riverbanks and inundated meadows.— European part: Kar.-Lap., Dvy.-Pech., V.-Don, U. V., V.-Kama, Transv.; W.Siberia: Ob; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. Endemic. Described from NE Europe. Typein Leningrad. Series 6. Discolores Schischk. — Leaves oblong-lanceolate, mostly 3 times as long as broad, glaucescent beneath. 24. S. discolor Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1838) 88; XV (1842) 601; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 389. Perennial; rootstock slender, creeping, branched; stems 10—40cm long, branched, glabrous, 4-angled; leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, firm, somewhat coriaceous, to 5cm long and to 8mm broad, sometimes acuminate, green above, glaucescent beneath; flowers terminal in a rather loose cyme; pedicels fairly long; bracts very small, lanceolate, acuminate, ca.2—3mm long; sepals narrowly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, ca.5—6mm long, glabrous; petals slightly shorter than calyx, 2-lobed; capsule narrowly oblong, the length of calyx. June— August. Damp meadows.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss.; E. Siberia: Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Dauria. Type in Leningrad. Series 7. Umbellatae Schischk. — Inflorescence umbellate. Small high- mountain plants. 25. S.umbellata Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1838) 89, nomen; ej. in “Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XV (1842) 173; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 394; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 87; Hultén, Fl. of Kamtch. II, 67; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 1002. Perennial; rootstock slender, with numerous fibrous roots; stems numerous, 5— 15cm long, ascending, slender, smooth; leaves elliptic or oblong, acute, 5—15 mm long and 2— 7mm broad, smooth, sometimes long- ciliate at base; inflorescence terminal, umbellate, subtended by an involucre of several scarious bracts; umbel simple or compound, subcymose; pedicels 1.5—4cm long, slender, divaricate, in fruit often recurved; sepals ovate, acuminate, glabrous, smooth, ca. 2.5mm long, obscurely nerved; corolla none; stamens 10; capsule ovoid, twice as long as calyx; seeds smooth. June— July. Banks of rivers.and lakes, grass plots, stony slopes, and taluses, in the alpine and subalpine zones. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Far East: Kamch.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Mong., N.Am. Described from the Nukhu-daban Range. Type in Leningrad. 26. S.irrigua Bge. in Mém. prés. a l'Acad. Sc. Pétersb. par div. sav. II, 6 (1835) 548; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 393; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, (1931) 1002. 5402 314 410 Perennial; stem 2—3cm long, simple, glabrous, smooth; leaves ovate- oblong, obtuse, slightly tapering toward base; inflorescence terminal, contracted, subcymose, 3—7-flowered; pedicels filiform, somewhat elongating and recurving in fruit; bracts scarious; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute; petals very minute, ca. 0.5mm long, 2-cleft, with filiform lobes; stamens 10, about as long as calyx. July. Damp moss tundra in the alpine zone.— W. Siberia: Alt. Endemic. Described from mountains near the Chuya River. Type in Paris. Series 8. Uliginosae Schischk. — Flowers in an axillary few-flowered cymes; leaves with more or less crisped margins. Plants of boggy meadows. 27. S.alsine Grimm. in Nov. Acta Leopold. III (1767) 313; Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. 1 (1791) 153; Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 157.— S.uliginosa Murr. Prodr. Stirp. Goetting. (1770) 55; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 393; levi. El. Aap. sib. V, 1001.— Laxrbreaivwin samoserhehbric.lh' Germ, V (1841) 36.— Alsine uliginosa Britt. Mem. Torr. Club. V (1894) 150. — Ic.: Rehb., l.c., tab. 226, f. 3639. — Exs.: HFR no. 1655 (var. planifolia Fenzl). Perennial; rhizome slender, creeping, branched; stems 10—45cm long, branched, 4-angled, decumbent, more or less ascending; leaves 5—15mm long, oblong-lanceolate, sessile, commonly ciliate at base, flat (var. plani- folia Fenzl) or crisp-undulate-margined (var.undulata Fenzl); inflor- escences axillary few-flowered cymes; bracts scarious, glabrous; pedicels fairly long; sepals lanceolate, ca. 3mm long and to 1 mm broad, distinctly 3-nerved, narrowly hyaline-margined; petals one-third as long as calyx, deeply 2-cleft, with linear lobes; capsule equaling calyx, ovoid. May— August. Bogs, riverbanks, springs, more rarely damp shaded places. — Arctic: AresHur.s5 Huropean: part: Kar--Lap., Dv.>+Pech., aad.-Ilm!, U: V.; V.;Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don; W. Siberia: Ob (W.). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., N. Am. Described from Germany. 28. S. anagalloides C. A. M. ex Rupr. FI. Cauc. (1869) 212. Perennial; rootstock slender, creeping; stems 10—15 (— 25) cm long, erect or prostrate, 4-angled, glabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1—2.8cm long, 0.4—1cm broad, acuminate, the margin somewhat wavy; inflorescence axillary or terminal, rather loosely cymose, few-flowered; bracts scarious; pedicels recurved in fruit; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rather obscurely nerved, scarious-margined, ca.4mm long; petals equaling or very slightly exceeding calyx, deeply 2-cleft, the lobes linear -oblong; capsule oblong-elliptic, slightly exceeding calyx, whitish in maturity; seeds brownish, subglobose, notched, finely roughened. June— August. Damp meadows in the subalpine zone. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W. and E.Transc. Endemic. Described from N. Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. Series 9. Parviflorae Schischk.— Flowers small; calyx 2.5—3mm long. 315 411 £12 29. S. diffusa Willd. ex Schlecht. in Magaz. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin VII (1816) 195.— S.friesiana Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 395; Shmal’g., Fl.1,158.— S.longifolia Fries in Liljebl. Svensk. Fl. ed. 3 (1816) 713; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 392 (non Mihlb.); Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1000; Asch. et Gr. Syn. V, 1 (1919) 560.— S.mosquensis M.B. ex Schlecht., l. c. (1816) 195; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 89.— S. ingrica Meinsh. in Sched. Herb. Fl. Ingr.no.113.— S.longifolia legitima Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXV, 1 (1862) 288. — Exs.: HFR no. 256; Fries, Herb. Norm. II (sub S.frieseana Ser.).— Ic.: Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. II, 124. Perennial, loosely cespitose; rootstock slender; stems 15— 30cm long, weak, branched, ascending, mostly 4-angled; leaves green, linear, tapering toward base, 1.5—3cm long and to 4mm broad (the lower), with abbreviated branchlets in the axils; inflorescence very lax, dichasial; pedicels elongated; bracts scarious; sepals 2.5—3.0mm long, obscurely nerved, ovate-lanceolate; petals as long as calyx, 2-cleft to the middle; capsule about twice as long as calyx, oblong-ovoid, turning brown in maturity; seeds ca. 1mm long, oblong-reniform, dark brown. Woods, damp shaded places, and banks of small rivers. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., V.-Kama, U. V., U. Dnp., L. Don (N. part), Transv.; W. Siberia: all regions; E.Siberia: all regions; Far East: all regions. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Jap.-Ch.,N. Am. Described from plants collected by Pallas in Siberia. Type in Berlin. 30. S.fenzlii Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXV (1862) 280; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 85.— S.borealis @ corollina Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 282.— S.borealis B corollina lusus sachalinensis Regl.in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. (1863) 33.— S.sachalinensis Takeda in Bot. Magaz. XXIV (1910) 257.— S.lancifolia Kom. Fl. Penins. Kamtsch. II (1929) 86, ex parte. Perennial; rootstock slender, procumbent, whitish, branched; stems numerous, 13— 30cm long, slender, more or less 4-angled; leaves sessile, lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, 3—5 cm long and 6—12 mm broad, thin, pale green, rather long-acuminate, the margin and midrib somewhai hairy; flowers small, in terminal or sometimes axillary dichotomously branched cymes; bracts minute, herbaceous, scarious-margined, linear-lanceolate; pedicels long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 3mm long, scarious-margined, obscurely nerved; petals narrow, about as long as calyx, inconspicuous, 2-lobed; capsule ovoid, twice as long as calyx, 6-valved; seeds light brown, pitted. June— August. Shady woods, rocks, landslides, and pebbles, especially near the sea. — Far East: all regions except Uss. and Ze.-Bu.— Endemic. Described from De-Kastri Bay. Type in Leningrad. Series 10. Pedunculares Schischk.— Pedicels long; stems clothed with crisp hairs; capsule turning brown in maturity. 31. S.peduncularis Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 157.— S.longipes var. peduncularis Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 387; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 996.— S.longipes auct. Fl. Ross. (non Gold.) ex parte. — Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl Fl. Ross. V, tab. 421. 316 (413) PLATE XXI. 1. Stellaria calycantha (Ldb.) Bong-— 2. S.humifusa Rottb.— 3. S.soongorica Roshev.: a) flower, b) petal with stamens.— 4. S-peduncularis Bge.— 5. S.cherleriae (Fisch.) Williams.— 6. S.edwardsii R.Br.— 7. S.ruscifolia Willd.— 8. S.turkestanica Schischk. 317 415 Perennial, loosely tufted, more rarely densely so (var.caespitosa Roschev.); rootstock slender, creeping; stems 7— 15cm long, slender, simple or sparingly branched, 4-angled, the lower internodes sometimes somewhat hairy; leaves linear to lance-linear, acuminate, 1l-nerved, sparsely hairy at base, the lowest abbreviated and broader; inflorescence terminal, dichasial, 1—4-flowered; pedicels long, erect; bracts scarious or herbaceous, broadly scarious-margined; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, obscurely 3-nerved, scarious-margined, sometimes ciliate, ca. 3— 3.5mm long; petals about twice as long as calyx, deeply 2-cleft; capsule oblong, twice as long as calyx, almost black in maturity; seeds almost smooth on the margin. June— August. (Plate XXI, Figure 4). Riverbanks, stony slopes, taluses, in subpolar tundra and the alpine zone of mountains. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib., An.; W. Siberia: Ob, Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol, Dau.; Far East: Okh. Endemic. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. 32. S. soongorica Roshev. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 669. Perennial, very loosely tufted, or stems solitary; rootstock slender, creeping; stem 15—20cm long, more or less 4-angled, simple or sparingly branched, ascending, slender, glabrous or somewhat lanate; leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, flat, to 6cm long and 4mm broad, glabrous, smooth, the midrib and marginal veins somewhat thickened; flowers terminal or axillary, few or solitary; pedicels 4—6 (8) cm long; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, at least the margin scarious; sepals 5, ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, ca. 5mm long, white-scarious-margined, obscurely nerved, glabrous; petals white, slightly longer than calyx, 2-parted almost to base, with oblong-lanceolate lobes, obtuse; stamens with filaments dilated at base and dark gray anthers ca.1—1.25mm long; capsule oblong-ovoid, slightly longer than calyx, dehiscing by 6 valves, dark brown in maturity; seeds oblong-globular, slightly compressed laterally, finely tuberculate- rugulose, dark brown. June— August. (Plate XXI, Figure 3). Mountain slopes in the spruce forest zone. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from E. Kazakhstan. Type in Leningrad. 33. S.ciliatosepala Trauty. in Middend. Reise 1,2 (1856) 52. — S.graminea var. stricta Trautv. in A.H.P.V,2 (1878) 514.— Ic.: irativie. lic.) tals o- Perennial; rootstock rather slender, creeping or obliquely ascending; stems solitary or several, 5—15cm long, irregularly covered with rather long soft curved hairs, simple or at flowering branched; leaves ovate- lanceolate to lanceolate, rarely ovate, 6—20mm long and 2.5—4 mm broad, acute, sessile, with a prominent midrib, clothed with soft hairs or glabrous; flowers in a lax few-flowered umbelliform terminal inflorescence or solitary; pedicels 7—25mm long, commonly glabrous; bracts scarious, in forks of inflorescence, rather large, 5— 6mm long, the upper smaller; sepals ovate, 3—4 mm long, obtusish, broadly scarious-margined, glabrous or very rarely puberulous on the back; petals 1.5—2 (3) times as long as calyx, 2-parted almost to base, with oblong lobes; capsule ovoid, exceeding calyx, darkening in maturity. July— August. 318 416 Sandy and stony shallows and sandy scarps in tundras.— Arctic: Arc. Sib., Chuk., An. Endemic. Described from the Taimyr Peninsula. Type in Leningrad. 34. S. edwardsii R. Br. in Parry's Voy. App. (1824) p. CCLXXI.— ? S.floribunda Fisch. ex DC. Prodr. I (1824) 399.— S.longipes Fenzl (non Gold.) in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 386, ex parte; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 995, ex parte. lest Hook.f borsam1 (1833) tab. XXXI; Fl. Dan. XIII (1840) tab. 2290. Perennial; rootstock creeping, branched; stems 3—7 (—10)cm long, ascending, glabrous or puberulent, 4-angled; leaves ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, to 1.5cm long and 0.4cm broad, entire, 1-nerved, lustrous; flowers solitary, rather large, long-pediceled; sepals ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, 3—4mm long, 3-nerved, scarious-margined; petals 2-cleft to one-third their length, slightly exceeding calyx; capsule 1.5 times as long as calyx (fruit rarely set); anthers purple; seeds-pectinately tuberculate on the margin. June—September. (Plate XXI, Figure 6). Riverbanks, stony tundra, and slopes.— Arctic: Arc. Eur.; European partesMy.-Pech. Gen.distr:: Arc. Hur., N.Am., Greenland. Described from N. Am. Type in London. 35. S.dahurica Willd. ex Schlecht. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde VII (1816) 195; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 388; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 997.— S.falcata Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 398, ex parte; Lurez. Fl baic.-dah.4, 232. — S.velutina Ser., l.c. (1824) 397.— S.glauca @ dahurica Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXV (1862) 293. Perennial, glabrous throughout (var.glabrata Fenzl) or hairy (var. villosa Fenzl), sometimes leaves and partly stems glaucescent (var. glaucescens Schischk. ); rootstock slender, branched, stoloniferous; stems 3—12(—25)cmlong,profusely branched at base, ascending, densely leafy, smooth or sometimes puberulent below the nodes; leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute, ciliate especially at base, 10—20mm long and 1—4mm broad; flowers in terminal cymes, 4—10 together; pedicels strongly recurved in fruit; all bracts scarious or the lower herbaceous; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, slightly shorter than petals; petals deeply 2-cleft; capsule oblong, about twice as long as calyx; seeds finely tuberculate. June—July. Banks of mountain streams, cedar-and-larch forests, desert steppes, and sometimes solonetzic meadows.— E. Siberia: Dau., Lena-Kol. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Dauria. Type in Berlin. Note. Krylov, in his Flora of West Siberia, reports S.dahurica Willd. for the Altai. The Altai specimens that we have seen in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences belong to S.brachy- petala Bge.or S.peduncularis Bge. This species should therefore be excluded from the Flora of Altai. 36. S.laxmanni Fisch. ex Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 397. Perennial; rootstock slender, branched; stems ascending or erect, 10—20cm long, 4-angled, glabrous or sparsely covered with crisp hairs; leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous or sparingly covered with crisp hairs, 319 417 1—2 cm long and 2—3mm broad; flowers in terminal few-flowered cymes; bracts lanceolate, almost wholly scarious; sepals ovate-lanceolate, ca.4mm long, acute, 3-nerved, densely puberulous all over the back or merely at summit; petals deeply 2-cleft, somewhat longer than calyx; capsule oblong, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, turning black in maturity; seeds slightly roughened. June— July. Forest grass plots, sparse woods and wood margins, depressions in steppes, and sandy banks of small rivers. — E. Siberia: Dau., Lena-Kol. Endemic. Described from E. Siberia. Type in Leningrad (?). Note. An insufficiently clarified species. The plant illustrated in Leb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. under the name S.laxmanni,is S.palustris Ehrh. Ruprecht (Fl. Caucasi, p. 222), who reexamined the plants preserved in the Pallas herbarium used by Fischer in describing this species, indicates the pubescent calyx as a distinguishing feature of S.laxmanni. As regards this character, S.laxmanni Fisch comes very close to S.hebecalyx Fenzl. However, in the East Siberian specimens, the capsule darkens in maturity, while in the case of S.hebecalyx it remains green. In habit and other characters the species closely resembles S.dahurica Willd., from which it is distinguishable only by the pubescent calyx. Series 11. Ruscifoliae Roshev. — Leaves coriaceous, broad, ovate- lanceolate or broadly lanceolate; seeds tuberculate on the back. 37. S. ruscifolia Pall. ex Schlecht. in Berl. Magaz. (1816) 194; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 385. — Ic.: Mioshi et Makino, Pocket-Atlas, Alp. Pl. Jap. I, tab. 15, f. 88 (1900). Perennial, very loosely cespitose; rootstock branched, slender; stems 4—25cm long, glabrous like other parts, erect or ascending, branched, forming a bushy top; leaves cordate-ovate or broadly lanceolate, rigid, with prominent midrib, 2—3cm long and ca. 1.2 cm broad; flowers axillary or terminal in 1—6-flowered cymes, rather large, long-pediceled; sepals ovate, long-acuminate,6—7mm long, glabrous; petals as long as calyx, 2-cleft; capsule slightly exceeding calyx, oblong-ovoid, 8— 9mm long; seeds dark brown, the margin finely pectinate-papillose. July— August. (Plate XXI, Figure 7). Seashore sands, more rarely riverbanks. — Arctic: An.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (along the Aldan River); Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the vicinity of Udskoe. Type in Berlin. 38. S. eschscholtziana Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 384.— S.esch- scholtzianaatypica et B tomentosa Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXV, 1 (1862) 300.— S.ruscifolia var. eschscholtziana Hultén, Fl. Kamtch., II (1928) 71.— Ic.: Hultén, l. c., Pl. I, fig. e, f. g. Perennial, more or less canescent, with a small bushy top; rootstock creeping slender, profusely branched; stems 2—15cm long, decumbent or ascending, more rarely erect, sparingly branched; leaves with prominent midrib; flowers few, axillary or terminal, solitary, rather long-pediceled, or in a loose cyme 1—6cm long; sepals lanceolate, long-acuminate, 320 418 pubescent, white-scarious-margined, to 7mm long; petals much longer than calyx, 2-cleft to the middle, with oblong-linear lobes; capsule ovoid, exceeding calyx. June— August. Taluses in the alpine zone and mountain stream pebbles. — Arctic: An.; Far East: Kamch. Gen.distr.: Kurile Islands. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Leningrad. 39. S.fischeriana Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 398.— S.florida Fisch. ex DC., l. c. (1824) 399; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 385. Perennial, loosely cespitose; rootstock creeping; stems numerous, 7—13cm long, slender, simple, rather distinctly 4-angled, glabrous or slightly pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, 1-nerved, with thickened and sometimes somewhat revolute margins, always rather densely covered above with curved hairs, glabrous beneath, sometimes pruinose (var. pruinosa Roshev. ); inflorescence terminal, simple, 1— 3-flowered; pedicels long; bracts scarious-margined; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, to 5mm long; petals about twice as long as calyx, deeply 2-cleft, with linear-oblong lobes; capsule oblong, somewhat exceeding calyx; seeds with pectinately tuberculate margin. June— August. Mountain valleys, on sandy and pebbly deposits. — Arctic: An., Chuk.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say.; Far East: Kamch. (?). Endemic. Described from the Aldan River. Type in Leningrad. 40. S. arctica Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 669. Perennial, matted, sometimes subpulvinate; stems numerous, 4-angled, glabrous, 3—5cm long, their lower part densely subimbricately leafy; leaves coriaceous, ovate, 5—9mm long and 3—4 mm broad, acute, sessile, glabrous or sparingly ciliate at base, glaucescent, sometimes violet-tinged; pedicels stoutish; glabrous, 10—20mm long; flowers in the axils of the uppermost pair of leaves, solitary or very rarely in pairs; sepals ovate, 3.5—4mm long, with prominent midrib and slender lateral nerves, subcarinate, obtusish, the broad scarious margin ciliate; petals white, 6.5 —7mm long, 2-parted almost to base, with ovate acute or obtusish lobes; stamens 10, inserted on a glandular disk; ovary ovoid; styles 3; ovules numerous. July— August. Pebbly coastal shallows, at 69.5 — 71°N. lat. — Arctic: Chuk.; Cape Shmidt, Wrangel Island. Endemic. Described from Cape Shmidt (Cape Severnyi or, according to Kjellmann, Irkapij). Type in Leningrad. Section 2. FIMBRIPETALUM Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. I (1842) 236. — Insignes Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 78 ex parte. — Petals palmatisect with 5—10 divisions; capsule globose, somewhat exceeding calyx, many- seeded. 41. S. radians L. Sp. pl. (1753) 422; Ser. in DC. Prodr. I, 30; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 378; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. 1,237; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 991. — Cerastium fimbriatum Ldb.in Mem. Acad. Petersb. V (1815) 540. — Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. V, tab. 413; Kom. and Alist., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. I, tabs 141, €.1. 321 419 420 Perennial; rootstock slender, creeping; stems 40—60cm long, erect or ascending, ribbed, sparingly branched in upper part, short-pilose in lower part, densely covered above with soft hairs; leaves sessile, broadly lanceolate, 3—10cm long and 1.5—2.5cm broad, more or less covered with slender appressed hairs; flowers in a terminal paniculate inflorescence, rarely solitary (var.uniflora Ser.); bracts herbaceous, leaflike, but smaller; pedicels long, appressed-pubescent; sepals ovate or oblong-elliptic, obtuse-tipped, 6— 7mm long, pubescent; petals about 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, palmately fimbriate, with 5—10 linear divisions; capsule ovoid, somewhat exceeding calyx. June—July. (Plate XX, Figure 3). Meadows at bog margins, river sands and pebbles; a weed of ricefields.— E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Yenis., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uda, Sakh., Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: NE Mongolia, Jap.-Ch. Described from Siberia. Type in London. Note. This plant has been reported for W. Siberia (Baraba) on the basis of Falk's old records. Now that the floristic composition of W. Siberia is well known, Falk's report must be considered as erroneous. Section 3. ADENONEMA (Bge.) Fenzl in Endl. Gen. (1840) 969.— Gen. Adononema Bge. Suppl. Alt. (1836) 36.— Sepals 5; petals very small; stamens 10; styles 3; ovary many-ovuled; capsule 1- or 2-seeded. Pulvinately matted plants. 42. S.petraea Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 160.— Adenonema petraeum @alpinum Bge. Suppl. Fl. Alt. (1836) 36.— Stellaria petraea yimbricata Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1 (1842) 395.—S.petraea var. alpina Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1849) 609.— S.cherleriae var. typica Williams in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 ser. VII (1907) 830. — S.cherleriae var. alpina Schischk. in Kryl. Fl. Sibir. occ. V (1931) 1003. — Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. V, tab. 401. Perennial; taproot stout, multicipital; stems numerous, ascending or erect, leafy, smooth,very sparsely pubescent, 2—7cm long, forming a very compact mat 3—5cm in diameter; cauline leaves lanceolate to lance- linear, 4—8 mm long and ca. 1.5mm broad, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, acute, rigid, sometimes falcate, with thickened margins, subimbricately approximate to subremote, with axillary leaf fascicles; flowers in umbelliform 3—12-flowered terminal cymes or sometimes solitary; sepals lanceolate, 4—5 mm long and 1—1.25 mm broad, acute, glabrous; petals deeply 2-cleft, with linear lobes, one-third to two-thirds as long as calyx; capsule subglobose, tapering toward base, 1- or 2-seeded, shorter than calyx. July — August. Gravelly slopes, rocks, and placers in the alpine zone. — W. Siberia: Ang. -Say. (Munku-sardyk); Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. (very rare). Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from mountains at the upper reaches of the Ul'ba and Chuya rivers. Type in Leningrad. 43. S.cherleriae (Fisch.) Williams in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 ser. VII (1907) 830, partim.— Arenaria cherleriae Fisch. ex Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 409 cum var. @ uniflora Fisch. et 8B fasciculata Fisch., 322 421 l.c.— Adenonema petraeum Bcherleriae Bge., Suppl. pl. Alt. (1836) 37.— S.davurica Spreng. Syst. Veget. II (1825), non Willd. — S.petraea Btenuifolia lusus 2 Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1 (1842) 395. — Adenonema petraeuma fasciculatum Bge. Suppl. Fl. Alt. (1836) 37.— Stellaria petraeaa@ vegeta Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 394; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur.60.— S.petraea B fasciculata Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. I (1842) 238; Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXV, I (1862) 303.— S.cherleriae var. fasciculata Wiliams in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II, ser. VII (1907) 833, ex parte. Perennial; taproot 2—4mm thick, ascending; stems several to numerous, becoming woody at base, ascending, (5)7—20cm long, clothed with soft crisp hairs, branched in the inflorescence, very rarely simple and 1-flowered (var.uniflora Fisch.); leaves linear or oblong-spatulate, 10—20mm long and 1—2.5 mm broad, acute, tapering toward base, soft-ciliate especially in lower part, subtending sterile shoots reduced to leaf fascicles; flowers in few-flowered cymes forming a corymbose inflorescence; bracts leaflike, herbaceous, scarious-margined; sepals narrowly ovate, 4mm long and 1.2 mm broad, acute, glabrous; petals one-fourth to half as long as calyx, 2-parted almost to base, with linear lobes; capsule 2-seeded, about half as long as calyx; seeds reniform-globular, somewhat roughened, 1—2mm in diameter. June—July. (Plate XXI, Figure 5). Grassy, gravelly or stony slopes, and dry or gritty steppes. — E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (Krasnoyarsk), Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong. (?). Described from Transbaikalia. Type in Geneva. Note. Until now S.cherleriae (Fisch.) Williams has been combined with S.petraea Bge. We find this practice unacceptable, considering that S.petraea isa plant of the alpine zone from Altai to the Eastern Sayans, while S.cherleriae grows on gravelly foothill slopes and is distributed from the Yenisei steppes to Dauria. The plant from the alpine zone of the Sayans is not quite identical with the Altai plant, but the available material is insufficient to justify separation. 44, S. sibirica (Rgl. et Til.) Schischk. comb. nova.— Cherleria sibirica Rgl.et Til. Fl. Ajan. (1859) 72.— Stellaria cherleriae var. apetala Williams in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. II, VII (1907) 832. Perennial; taproot stout, woody, multicipital; stems numerous, becoming lignified at base, densely leafy, 3—7cm long, glabrate; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 3— 7mm long and 0.5 mm broad, acute, glabrous, diffusely ciliolate, curved when dry; flowering stems with 1 or 2 pairs of leaves, minutely puberulous; pedicels slender, 5—10mm long, erect, minutely puberulous; sepals lanceolate, obtuse or obtusish, 2.5—3mm long, 3-nerved, puberulous or glabrate; petals none; stamens 10, of these 5 glandular at base; capsule dehiscing nearly to base by 3 valves. August. Stony mountain slopes. — Far East: Okh. Endemic. Described from Ayan. Type in Leningrad. 45. S.dicranoides Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 395.— Ic.: Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herold (1852) tab. 3. Perennial, densely pulvinate; stems branched from base, completely covered by overlapping leaves; leaves 4—5 mm long and 1—1.25mm broad, glabrous, oblong-spatulate to lanceolate, tapering toward base, 1-nerved, 323 422 subcanaliculate, more or less fleshy, appressed to stem, marcescent and becoming scarious; flowers solitary, on glabrous pedicels 4—5 mm long, but slightly exserted from leaves; sepals oblong-lanceolate, ca. 3mm long, 1-nerved; petals 2-cleft to the middle, one-half to two-thirds as long as calyx. August. (Plate XX, Figure 6). Polar tundra. Arctic: Chuk. Gen.distr.: Ber. Described from the shores of Lavrentiya Bay. Type in Leningrad. Section 4. LEUCOSTEMMA (Benth.) Fenzl in Endl. Gen. (1840) 969. — Gen. Leucostemma Benth. in Wallich. Numer. List. (1828) no. 642; G. Don. Gen. Hist. I (1831) 449. — Sepals and petals 4; styles 2; ovary many-ovuled. Perennials. 46. S.martjanovii Kryl. in A. H. P. XXI (1902) 3; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 1003.— Ic.: Kryl., l. c. (1902) tab. I, f. 2. Perennial, covered throughout with glandular hairs; rootstock long, filiform, procumbent, branched, with underground stolons 5—12cm long giving rise to erect stems; stems 3—6cm long, densely leafy, simple or somewhat branched; leaves approximate, sessile, oblong-ovate, acuminate, 1-nerved, 5— 7mm long and ca. 3mm broad; inflorescences axillary or terminal, equaling or slightly overtopping the leaves, recurved after anthesis; sepals 4, ovate-lanceolate, acute, narrowly scarious- margined, ca.4mm long and 2mm broad; petals 4,1.5—2 times as long as calyx, ca.6mm long and 4mm broad, 2-cleft to two-thirds their length, with oblong-obovate lobes; stamens 8; capsule ovoid, dehiscing to base by 4 valves, slightly exceeding calyx. June—July. Barren southern gravelly crumbling slopes in the subalpine zones. — W. Siberia: Alt. Endemic. Described from the Chuya Alps. Type in Tomsk. 47. S. schugnanica Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 670. Perennial, loosely cespitose; roots long, slender, whitish; stems numerous, weak, ascending, 4—10cm long, glabrous in lower part, sparsely glandular-pubescent above; leaves linear-oblong, 5—13mm long and — 1.5—2 mm broad, flat, acutish, bright green, sparsely glandular-pubescent or glabrous, commonly surpassing the internodes; flowers terminal, solitary; pedicels 5— 10mm long; sepals 4, ovate,4mm long and 1.5mm broad, acute, obscurely 3-nerved, narrowly scarious-margined, glandular- pubescent on the back; bracts herbaceous; petals 4, white, 1.5 times as long as calyx, cleft to the middle, with oblong round-tipped lobes; stamens 8, of these 4 glandular at base; ovary 8—10-ovuled; capsule unknown. July — August. Taluses in the alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Shugnan. Type in Leningrad. 48. S. alexeenkoana Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, 670. Perennial, loosely cespitose; roots rather long, slender; stems numerous, weak, ascending, glabrate in lower part, diffusely covered above with simple spreading hairs; leaves linear-lanceolate, 7— 17mm long and 1— 2.5mm broad, acute, glaucous beneath, covered above with soft 324 423 simple hairs; flowers in the axils of upper leaves; pedicels 2—5 mm long, covered with articulate hairs; bracts none; sepals 4, narrowly ovate, 4mm long and ca. 1 mm broad, acute, obscurely nerved, covered in lower part with crisp hairs; petals 4, white, shorter than to about as long as calyx, the limb cleft to the middle, with linear-oblong lobes; stamens 8, of these 4 glandular at base; ovary 8—10-ovuled; capsule shorter than calyx; seeds rounded-reniform, 0.8mm in diameter, almost smooth. July — August. Taluses in the alpine zone, at 4,200 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Shugnan, Vranch River gorge). Endemic. Gen.distr.: Chinese Pamir. Described from the Pistan Gorge in the Sary-bas Range. Type in Leningrad. Section 5. OLIGOSPERMA Boiss. Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 705.— Sepals and petals 5; styles 2; ovary 4—6-ovuled. Perennials. 49. S.kotschyana Fenzl in Kotschy, Pl. Pers. austr. (1855); Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 705.— Exs.: Pl. Pers. austr. (1845) no. 534. Perennial; rootstock rather stout, creeping; stems 30—45cm long, indurated, rather stout, terete, dichotomously branched, covered with very short crisp hairs, thickened at nodes; leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, 1-nerved, the lower 2—3cm long and to 7.5 mm broad; inflorescence many - flowered, loosely corymbose, the terminal flowers borne on long filiform pedicels; bracts very small, herbaceous, glabrate; sepals 2.5— 3.5 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, scarious-margined, glabrate, obscurely nerved; petals 5, about as long as calyx, 2-lobed to one-third; capsule surmounted by 2 styles, equaling calyx, 4-valved to base, 2-seeded; seeds to 3mm long, finely tuberculate. June— July. Gravelly sites and stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. Section 6. PSEUDALSINE Boiss. FI. Or. I (1867) 705.— Sepals and petals 4; stamens 4; styles 2; ovary 4—6-ovuled. Annuals. 50. S.alsinoides Boiss. et Buhse Aufz. (1860) 41; Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 705. Annual; rootstock slender, creeping; stems 8— 18cm long, slender, erect, dichotomously branched, glaucescent, glabrous; leaves sessile, narrowly linear, acuminate, prickle-tipped, glabrous, to 2 cm long; inflorescence terminal, loosely cymose; pedicels long, filiform; bracts very small, linear-lanceolate, herbaceous; sepals 4, narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, with prominent midrib, scarious-margined; petals 4, linear, shortly 2-lobed, slightly shorter than calyx; stamens 4; capsule oblong, slightly shorter than calyx, 4-valved to base; seeds compressed- globular, finely tuberculate. May-—July. Mountain slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Syr D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from E. Iran (mountains in the vicinity of Yezd). Type in Geneva. 325 424 Genus 462. KRASCHENINNIKOWIA * TURCZ.** Turcz. ex Besser in Flora XVII, 1 Beibl. (1834) 9; Fenzl in Endl. Gen. (1840) 968; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. I (1842) 238,nonKraschennikowiat Guldenstadt (1773) = Eurotia L.— Pseudostellaria Pax in Engl. u. Prantl Natiirl. Pflanzenf. B. 16 c. (1934) 318. Flowers dimorphous; chasmogamous flowers terminal or in the axils of upper leaves; calyx of 5 or rarely 4 sepals united only at base; corolla white, longer than calyx; petals 5, rarely 4, entire or notched at apex; stamens 10, more rarely 8; anthers dark violet; styles 2 or 3 (rarely 1—4), filiform; stigmas small, capitate; ovary globose or globular- ovoid, 1-locular, 8—16-ovuled; mature capsule scarious (the seeds showing through the capsule walls), dehiscing by 4 or 5 valves; seeds 2— 10, rounded-reniform, somewhat flattened, covered with tubercles or anchor-shaped prickles; chasmogamous flowers rare; cleistogamous flowers in the axils of lower and sometimes median leaves, calyx of 4 pubescent sepals; petals none; stamens 2; styles 2, short, connate. Perennial tuberiform plants, the tubers globose, ovaloid or fusiform. 1. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, or oblong-linear, apiculate, SSSI) PT Se Pek ae. ot OP eee er ch we el Aa tae ae, ofS CNA tay ane tice lah Sa ee 2. + Leaves ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, at least some petiolate ...... 3. 2. Leaves thin; tubers elongate-ovaloid or short-fusiform; petals deeply notched; cleistogamous flowers always present, often on abbreviated shoots, in groups of 2—4 (in the shade of mixed woods) EPR Nerke oral a te Rg veh... Sbhie Ziman hb ed PARA ODH Se che meets, na, tanta 1. K. silvatica Maxim. + Leaves firm, rigid; tubers fusiform, to 9cm long; petals entire; cleistogamous flowers often wanting (stony slopes). . . 2. K. rigida Kom. 3. Leaves ovate or oval, rounded at base, sessile, the margin and under- Side,of midrib G1liate joc. 2 shape Skene hee eee 3. K. japonica Korsh. + Leaves more or less attenuate toward base; midrib not ciliate .... 4. 4. Stems with flagelliform and sometimes rooting extensions, these almost leafless or with minute leaves .............. 4. K.davidi Franch. + Stems erect or ascending, without flagelliform extensions....... 5. 5. Stoloniferous plants; stolons underground, creeping, with tufts of fibrous roots and globose or ovaloid tubers at the nodes; seeds covered with anchor-tipped prickles... 3. 15 em high; mostly not matted. 2 4 2.5 «a ao) nie eee 31. 332 34 35 29. 30. 41. 42. Leaves linear, flat; plant densely white-tomentose throughout; petals shallowiymotehed (Crimea)... 2... 16. oo: sie ein « 44. C. biebersteinii DC. Leaves revolute-margined, the lower and those of sterile shoots often recurved; if leaves almost flat then indument crisp-floccose; petals leiecktorone thir dial Pmansen)ri sn. {eee Semtavenion hk. od ihe Baked. 30. White tomentose densely matted plants; leaves nearly always with revolute margins; plants of submontane rocks ... 6.6.6 see e eee eRe Gea eh Mia eR CMe ictonl or aueB eCeBECs. Bees iaths 43. C.argenteum M. B. Floccose or sometimes almost glabrous plants, often with flat leaves; Panne Th), TOENA Sem Ses at aMial lola! attamenteuiey AT aie 46. C. sosnowskyi Schischk. Leaves linear or lanceolate (E. and S. Transc.). . .47. C. szowitsii Boiss. Leaves ovate-lanceolate (Dagestan)... 48. C.daghestanicum Schischk. Petals entire*ori very slightly motched ortoothedtnn.. = 1. .cc..9.G0e. 33. Petals lobed to one-fourth or one-third their length...... eet ears! | soG Flowers relatively small; petals 9—12mm long; plants 10—60cm ise al MPN Be RCs oy SP PUTS i oulich soul lshe o.lck ea: oooh Sy ary Sean olltauco‘aq le UOTE a LEE dental Sy 34. Flowers large; petals 14—18mm long; stems 5—15cm high. Plants Olathe pouch adi We sZOneWsNs stl. eMyeieheel fel to emer, Sy Sea eniatel ie Leet 30. Stems solitary, 30—60cm long, covered in upper part with glandular hairs; sepals 4—5mm long, obtuse, glandular -hairy all over the back; petals 3 times as long as calyx ....... 3. C.pauciflorum Stev. Stems several, 10—30cm long, covered with simple hairs; sepals 6—9mm long, acute, mostly hairy only in lower part; petals 1.5—2 pumeswaSilonerasscalyxquws ative cls) mist 8 orst.., Bees ls 4. C.faleatum Bge. Sepalcrovate; 4 — Simmisbroadslobtustshialt iis = haw 2 isis. . Ree tealee). 2 we - SoS G hy 5 _ciilet Aa oer = Psa cto ee Mae 6. C.undulatifolium Som. et Lev. eeeais Lanee-OvVate, Cane Mm Oroad, AaCUMINateny. «6 eeu yes © mie two > os SUA MERE cia Rehrek jo le, ohh ; Ue date, Lente dereas i (eeluthospermifoliumienbisch., Capsule teeth ene PEVOMMC EMA 6b dex Meme we alae, Seley ements lois aT. Capsule teeth straight, with revolute margins ............2..-. 39. Stems 20—40cm long; leaves 4—8cmlong...... 5. C. maximum L. Sremors 720 ene lone: leaves 0.5 — 3 cm longs. eas . as «cee chs, Se 38. Leaves, except the upper ones, spatulate or oval, 5—6 mm long, tapering to pebiale;! SeGcdSrsmoatht\t..Wamaia Hs Pa Aw: now4di: Perennial; roots moniliform; stems ascending, 50— 100cm long, sulcate, in lower part sparsely covered with long hairs, in upper part glabrous or pubescent (var.pilosum Rgl.); radical leaves narrowly oblong, the others oblong or ovate, 5—8cm long and 1.5—3 cm broad, obtuse or acuminate, clasping at base; inflorescence a terminal many- flowered cyme; bracts large, leaflike; pedicels 2—7cm long, recurved after anthesis; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 10—12mm long and 3.5—5mm broad, acute or obtusish, glabrous, lustrous; petals 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, lobed to one-fourth or one-third their length, ciliate at bases; capsule straight, twice as long as calyx, with reflexed teeth. June— August. Woods and wood margins, scrub, subalpine meadows, and meadows with tall herbaceous vegetation. — European part: Dv.-Pech.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E., W., and 8. Transc.; W.Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang. -Say., Yenis., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong., As. Min. (?), Iran. (N. Iran.-Elburz mountains). Described from Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad. 15. C.hemschinicum Schischk. in Grossh. Fl. Cauc. II (1930) 381 et in Acta Inst. Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. I, 2 (1936) 136.— C.dahuricum c.) elatum Som. et Lev. in A. H. P. XVI (1900) 86. Perennial; roots fusiform or moniliform; stem ascending, 60—100cm long, glabrous or in lower part pubescent; leaves ovate, 6cm long and 2cm broad, acute to subobtuse, sessile, amplexicaul, the upper smaller and bearing in their axils readily deciduous proliferous buds, these 1—2 cm long and 0.7—1.5cm broad, consisting of imbricated lurid scalelike leaves; flowers at the ends of stems and branches in loose cymes; pedicels unequal; sepals lanceolate, acute, 13mm long, glabrous, scarious at margins and at tips; petals white, lobed on one-third, twice as long as calyx; petal-claws 341 446 and filaments glabrous; capsule straight, slightly exceeding calyx, with circinate-revolute teeth; seeds muricate. July— August. Taluses and mountain woods, mostly beech. — Caucasus: W. Transc. Gen. distr.: Lazistan. Described from the Pontic Range (upper course of the Foruna-dere River). Type in Leningrad. Note. Besides the root system, the feature characterizing this species is the presence of axillary proliferous buds. Since, however, these buds fall away easily and the plants are mostly collected without roots, it has been impossible to deduce the exact distribution area of C.hemi- schinicum from herbarium specimens. 16. C. oreades Schischk. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, 2 (1936) 135.— C.dahuricum b)diffusum Som. et Lev. in A. H. P. XVI (1900) 86.— Ic.: Schischk.,l.c.,f.1. Perennial; taproot fusiform, 8—12mm in diameter; stems 5—9, 10— 25 cm long, prostrate or ascending, sparsely crisp-hairy in lower part, glabrous above, simple or dichotomously branched at summit; leaves ovate, 1—3.5em long, 0.7—2 cm broad, with short hairs on the midrib beneath or all over the undersurface, acuminate or obtuse, half-clasping at base, the margin beset with short hairs; radical leaves marcescent; flowers in terminal cymes of 3—7, rarely up to 20; pedicels glabrous, 0.6— 3cm long, spreading or drooping after anthesis; bracts herbaceous, ovate, acute; sepals ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 6—9mm long, obtuse, broadly scarious-margined, glabrous, lustrous; petals 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, 2-cleft to one-third or half the length; capsule oblong, 1.5 times as long as calyx, with circinate-revolute teeth; seeds reniform-rotund, bluntly tuberculate,ca.2mm in diameter. July. Alpine taluses and near thawing snow. — Caucasus: Greater Caucasus (W. part), W. Transc. (Mingrelia). Gen. distr.: Turkey (Pontic Range). Described from the Mamison Pass. Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Perfoliata Schischk.— Leaves connate at base in pairs; glabrous annuals. 17. C.perfoliatum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 437; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 402; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1,719; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,160; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 162.— Ic.: Wilkomm Ic. et Descr. Pl. Hispan. I (1852) t.56.— Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs.no.170; H.-F. A.M. no. 454. Annuals, quite glabrous throughout; stem erect, simple or branched, 7—40cm long, finely sulcate; lower leaves oblong-elliptic, tapering to a petiole, obtusish, the margin, especially on petiole, often ciliate (var. ciliatum Schischk.); cauline leaves oblong or broad-ovate, with glabrous wavy margin, connate at base, 3.5— 4.5cm long and 1—1.5 cm broad; pedicels filiform, many times as long as petiole, erect in fruit; bracts herbaceous; sepals oblong, acutish, 6—10mm long, minutely tuberculate on the back; petals shorter than calyx, emarginate or shallowly 2-lobed; petal-claws and filaments glabrous; capsule somewhat enlarged at base, gradually attenuate toward summit, 1.5— 3 times as long as calyx; seeds sharply tubercled, 1.5mm long. April— May. (Plate XXIII, Figure 5). 342 Al Grassy and stony slopes, scrub, meadows, gardens, and among cultivated fields. — European part: Bl., L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., E. and S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Syr D., Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Greece. Type in London. *18. C.chlorifolium Fisch. et Mey. in Index IV sem. Hort. Petropol. (1837) 34; Gren. Monogr. Cerast. 12; Boiss. Fl. Or.I, 719; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2,163.— C.tournefortii Gren. Monogr. Cerast. (1841) 11; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 402.— C.fischeri Gren., 1. c. (1841) tab. 1, non Ser. — Ic.: Gren., ops City tab. Annual, glabrous, glaucous; stemserect, 20—30cm long, branched; leaves ovate-oblong, the lower tapering to a long petiole, the others sessile, 2—3cm long and 0.7—1cm broad, connate at base; pedicels slightly longer than calyx, spreading or drooping after anthesis; sepals oblong, 5— 10mm long, acute, with scabrous margin, minutely tuberculate on the back; petals 1.5 times as long as calyx, lobed to one-third or less; petal-claws and filaments ciliate; capsule straight, 2—3 times as long as calyx; seeds small, ca.0.5mm long, with very short blunt tubercles. June. Stony slopes. — Not encountered in the USSR but occurring in adjoining localities of Turkey (former Ol'ty District). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., As. Min. Described from Anatolia. Type in Leningrad. Section 2. SCHIZODON (Fenzl) Schischk.— Subgen.Schizodon Fenzl in Endl. Gen. pl. (1841) 970.— Petals shorter than calyx, lobed; capsule cylindric-conical, many times as long as calyx, with erect teeth. Glandular- pubescent annuals. 19. C.dichotomum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 438; Gren. Monogr. Cerast., 44; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1,402; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 721; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2,164.— C.corniculatum Crantz, Instit. II (1766) 403. — Ic.: Wilkomm, Ic. et Descr. Pl. Hispan. I (1852) t. 56. — Exs.: H. F. A. M. no. 452.— Russian name: yaskolka vil'chataya [same as for C.furcatum]. Annual, glandular-pubescent throughout; stems branched almost from base, 15— 35cm long; leaves lance-linear, subobtuse, 1.5—3.5 cm long and 3—6mm broad, commonly overtopping internodes; inflorescence a contracted 5—11-flowered corymb; bracts herbaceous, small; pedicels erect, shorter than calyx; sepals oblong, acute, 7— 10mm long and 2.5—3mm broad, scarcely accrescent after anthesis; petals obovate-oblong, 2-lobed, shorter than or nearly as long as calyx, the claws glabrous; filaments hairy at base; capsule cylindric-conical, straight or scarcely curved, 2—3 times as long as calyx; seeds small, 0.8mm in diameter, finely tuberculate. March— May. (Plate XXIV, Figure la) Stony slopes and cultivated fields. — Caucasus: E. and S. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam.-Al., Syr D., T. Sh. (W.). Gen. distr.: W. Med., As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Mesopotamia. Described from Spain. Type in London. Economic importance. The plant occurs occasionally in the southern regions of the USSR as a weed of cereal crops but it does not cause any serious damage. 343 20. C.inflatum Link in Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. (1818) 462; Gren. Monogr. Cerast.,45; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 721; Voron.in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2, 164.— Ic.: Berg. et Diratz. Contrib. Fl. Armen. Turc. I, fig. 2. Annual, glandular-pubescent throughout; stems branched almost from base,5—20cm long; leaves lance-linear, subobtuse, 1—1.5cm long and 2— 5mm broad; inflorescence 3—7-flowered; bracts herbaceous, ovate; pedicels erect, shorter than calyx; calyx ovoid-globose, inflated; sepals oblong, acute, with narrow white scarious margin, 10—11mm long and 4—5mm broad, finally elongating to 6 —8mm:; petals shorter than calyx, ovate-oblong, emarginate or shallowly 2-lobed; filaments hairy at base; capsule cylindric-conical, almost straight, twice as long as calyx; seeds small, 0.8 mm in diameter, finely tuberculate. March— April. (Plate XXIII, Figure 6). Dry and gravelly slopes and fields. — Caucasus: S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Syr D., Pam.-Al., T.Sh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Iran. Type in Paris. Economic importance. Occurs among crop plants, like the preceding species, but does not cause any serious damage. 448 Section 3. ORTHODON Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 415. — Subgen. Orthodon Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 403.— Capsule cylindric, with erect or divergent involute-margined teeth. Subsection 1. FUGACIA Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 403.— Annuals, without sterile axillary branchlets. Series 1. Ciliatopetala Fenzl in Ldb., 1. c. (1842).— Petal-claws ciliate- bearded or merely at base ciliate; stamens hairy or glabrous. 21. C.longifolium Willd. Sp. pl. II (1799), non Poir. nec Ten.; Gren. Monogr. Cerast. 43; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1,403; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 721; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2,165.— C.blepha ro- stemon Fisch. et Mey. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1 838) 403.— Ic.: Gren., Op. cit., tabs 4. Annual, covered in lower part with appressed crisp hairs, in upper part with short glandular hairs; stems 5— 30cm long, erect, branched or simple; leaves oblong, the median cauline 1.5—2.5cm long and 3—5mm broad, sessile, subacute, about equaling internodes; inflorescence many- flowered, lax; bracts herbaceous; pedicels equaling or 2—4 times as long as calyx, spreading after anthesis; sepals lance-oblong, 6— 10mm long, glandular-pubescent, glabrous at apex, acuminate, scarious-margined; petals slightly exceeding calyx, cuneate-obovate, 2-cleft nearly to the middle, alternately pubescent at base; capsule straight, slightly exceeding to twice as long as calyx; seeds bluntly tuberculate, ca.0.75mm long. June— July. Stony and grassy slopes and taluses.— Caucasus: E. Transc. (between the villages of Kozanzamy and Dolashlyar), S. Transc., Tal. (Zuvant). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. (Iran, Kurdistan). Described from Armenia. Type in Berlin. 149 344 450 22. C.ruderale M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 357; Gren. Monogr. Cerast. 57; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 403; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 722; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 161; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2, 165.— Ic.: Gren., op. cit., tab. 5. Annual, covered throughout with spreading hairs, in upper part also with glandular hairs; stem solitary, erect, simple or branched, 5— 40cm long; leaves sessile, ovate, obtuse or subacute, rounded at base, 1— 3.5 cm long and 4—15 mm broad, usually much shorter than internodes; inflorescence many-flowered; bracts leaflike; pedicels equaling to several times as long as calyx, recurved after anthesis; sepals lanceolate, acute, with membranous margins,5—13mm long and 2—3mm broad; petals slightly longer or shorter than calyx, lobed to one-fourth, the claws ciliate; filaments densely ciliate at the very base; capsule cylindric, 2—3 times as long as calyx, slightly curved, the erect teeth with revolute margins; seeds ca. 1mm long, brown, sharply tuberculate. April— May. Meadows, scrub, dry slopes, fields, including cultivated fields. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E.and S. Transe. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Kizlyar. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Sometimes infesting crops, where it may develop in considerably quantity. 23. C.tauricum Spreng, Nov. Provent. (1818) 10.— C.brachypetalum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 403, non Desp.; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 723; Shmal'g., F1.1, 161; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2, 166, non Desp.— C.brachypetalum $S tauricum Kern. Schedae ad Fl. exs. Austro-Hung. I (1883) 381.— C.brachypetaluma@ viscidum Gren. Monogr. Cerast. (1841) 37.— Exs.: HFR no. 2969; Fl. exs. Austr.-Hung. no. 595. Annual; stem 8—15cm long, simple or branched, covered like the leaves with soft hairs, the upper part of stem often glandular-hairy; leaves elliptic or oblong, the lower subspatulate, tapering to a petiole, the cauline sessile, 0.5 —2cm long and 3— 8mm broad; inflorescence a loose cyme; fruiting pedicels 2— 3 times as long as calyx, 8—12mm long; sepals 4—5 mm long, the outer 1—2 mm broad, covered on the back up to the apex with long hairs interspersed with glandular ones; petals oblong- cuneate, lobed to one-fourth, ciliate at base, shorter than to equaling calyx; filaments long-hairy in lower part; capsule 1.5 times as long as calyx, curved at summit; seeds almost round, flattened, 0.5— 0.6cm long. April— May. Scrub, stony slopes, and pebbly or sandy banks of streams.— European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: Scand. (S. ds Centr. and Atl. Eur., W. Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from the Crimea. Type in Berlin. 24. C.glomeratum Thuill. Fl. Par. ed. II (1799) 225; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 162; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2,166.— C.viscosum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 51 ex parte; Gren. Monogr. Cerast. 25; Fenzl in Ldb. FI. Ross. 1, 404; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 722.— Ic.: Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. III (1909) f.b0S2—5 wes. HISR moslObl. 345 Annual; stem 10—20cm long, branched at summit, covered, like the leaves, with rather long spreading hairs, at summit glandular; leaves ovate sometimes suborbicular, 4— 22 mm long and 2—12 mm broad; flowers in dense cymes at the ends of stem and branches; pedicels short, not exceeding calyx, glandular-pubescent; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 3—4.5mm long, acutish, long-bearded apically; petals white, equaling the calyx (var.corollinum (Fenzl) Rouy et Foucaud) or exceeding it (var.spurium (Posp.) Asch. et Gr.), lobed to one-fourth or one-third, sometimes wanting (var.apetalum (Dum.) Kitt.); capsule twice as long as calyx, curved, with erect revolute-margined teeth; seeds small, sharply tubercled. April— June. Sandy and pebbly banks of streams and seashores, open woods, scrub, roadsides, vegetable and ornamental gardens, fields, and near houses. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, L. Don, Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E., and S. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Vakhsh River below the village of Nurek, Sobak, Shaarkgauz station), Mtn. Turkm. Gen.distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., N. and S. Afr., N. and S. Am., Aust. Described from the vicinity of Paris. Type in Paris. Series 2. Leiopetala Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 405.— Petal-claws and filaments glabrous. 25. C. semidecandrum L. Sp. pl. I (1753) 438; Gren. Monogr. Cerast. 28; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 723; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,162; Voron.in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2,166.— C.semidecandrumea scarioso-bracteatum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 405, ex parte.— C.pentandrum Krock. F1. Siles. II, 1 (1790) 81.— Ic.: Bonnier, Fl. Compl. France, Suisse et Belge II (1912) 90.— Exs.: HFR no. 607. Annual or biennial; stem erect, simple or sparingly branched only in the inflorescence, 5— 20cm long, covered, like the leaves, with short hairs as well as glandular; leaves broad-ovate or oblong, 4—8 mm long and 2—6mm broad; inflorescence cymose; bracts scarious to the middle or to one-third; pedicels equaling to twice as long as calyx; sepals ovate, 3.5 —4.5 mm long, usually scarious down to the middle, acute; petals white, obovate, emarginate or lobed, to one-fourth or one-third, somewhat shorter than to equaling calyx; stamens 5, rarely more; capsule 1.5 times as long as calyx, scarcely curved. April— May. Stony and sandy slopes, pinewoods and their borders, scrub, seaside sands, and fields. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp., M. Dnp., Bl., V.-Kama, L. V., L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W. and E. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Scand. (S.), Centr. and Atl. Eur., W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from N. Europe. Type in London. 451 . C.dentatum Méschl. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 82, 3 (1933) 230. — C. ip Bee ae a @scarioso-bracteatum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 405, ex parte. — Exs.: H. F. A. M. no. 455. Annual; stem erect, simple, only in the inflorescence sparingly branched, 3—15cm long; stem and leaves covered with simple as well as glandular hairs; leaves ovate or lance-oblong; flowers in a few-flowered terminal 5402 346 452 cyme; pedicels equal to or twice as long as calyx, usually recurved after anthesis; sepals ovate, ca. 3.5—4mm long, scarious in upper one-third to one-half, acute, glandular-pubescent on the back; petals white, oblong or narrowly ovate to linear, one-half to two-thirds as long as calyx, unequally 3-toothed at apex or shallowly 2-lobed; stamens 5, with anthers 0.26 mm long; capsule about twice as long as calyx, slightly curved at summit; seeds round, flattened, dark brown, 0.4— 0.6mm long, covered with flat or rather sharp tubercles. April. Stony slopes. — European part: L. V., Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc.; W.,E., and S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Syr D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: W. Med., S. part of the Balkan Peninsula, As. Min.? Described from S. Europe, the Crimea, and SE regions of the European part of the USSR. Type in Vienna. Note. A species separated fairly recently from S.semidecan- drum L., with as yet insufficiently clarified distribution and in need of further study. 27. C.alexeenkoanum Schischk. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, III (1936). Annual, glabrous throughout and somewhat glaucous; stem 6 —15cm long, ascending at base or erect, simple or branched in the inflorescence; lower leaves ovate-spatulate, gradually tapering to a rather long broad petiole, the median and upper sessile, 6—12mm long and 3—5 mm broad, 1-nerved, mucronate or obtuse, slightly connate at base; flowers 4—10 in a terminal dichasium; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 3— 3.5mm long and ca. 1mm broad, scarious-margined, acute; petals none; stamens 5; styles 5; capsule cylindric, 2—2.5 times as long as calyx, slightly curved, dehiscing by 10 teeth, these erect, with revolute margins; seeds triangular- reniform, ca. 0.5mm in diameter, tuberculate on the back and with obscure flat tubercles at margins. August. Slopes in the alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.: Panj River near the village of Shitkarv at an altitude of ca.2,800m (Alekseenko). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. 28. C. glutinosum Fries Novit. Fl. suec. ed. I (1817) 51; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 724.— C.semidecandrum $8 herbaceo-bracteatum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 405.— C.semidecandrum £8 glutinosum Rchb. Fl. germ. excurs. (1832) 795; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 162.— C.semidecandrum B pumilum M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 359.— C. pumilum Stev. Verzeichn. (1857) 89, non Curt.— C.pallens F. W. Schultz, Fl. Gall. Germ. exs. Cent. I, Introd. (1836) 6.— C.pumilum ssp.pallens Schinz u. Thell. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. VII (1907) 402.— Exs.: Fl. Finl. exs. no. 640. Annual; stem erect or at base scarcely ascending, 3— 20cm long, branched covered with mostly glandular hair; leaves elliptic or broad- ovate, 3— 8mm long and 2—5 mm broad, the lower and radical tapering to a petiole, the others sessile, hairy; flowers in rather dense few-flowered cymes at the ends of stem and branches; bracts ovate, scarious at margin and tips; pedicels glandular -pubescent, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, recurved after anthesis, reverting to upright in fruit; sepals ovate, 3.5 —4.5 mm long, scarious at margins and at apex, glandular-pubescent on the back, acute; petals emarginate, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx; 347 453 stamens 10; capsule 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, slightly curved. May —July. Sandy shortgrass meadows, solonetzic steppes, and stony slopes. — European part: U. Dnp. (Kiev), Bl. (Askaniya -Nova), Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., W. Transc. (Gelendzhik), E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., W. Med., Bal. Described fromSweden. Type in Stockholm. Note. C.pumilum Curt. is apparently a species distinguishable from C.glutinosum Fries. It has not yet been found in the USSR. 29. C. schmalhauseni Pacz.in Zap. Kievsk. Obshch. Estestv. X, 2 (1889) 423; Shmal'g., Fl. I (1895) 161.— C.riaei Auct. Fl. Ross., non Desm. — Ic.: Pacz., 1. c. (1889) tab. VII, fig. 1 —6.— Exs.: HFR, no. 11. Annual, glandular-pubescent throughout; stem profusely dichotomously branched from base or from the middle, 6—14cm long; radical leaves long- persistent, broad-obovate, obtuse, tapering at base, 4—10mm long and 2.5—4mm broad; cauline oblong or lance-linear, 5—15 mm long and 1— 3 mm broad; pedicels considerably elongating in fruit; bracts herbaceous, narrowly scarious-margined; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, distinctly 3—5-nerved, more or less scarious-margined, 3.5—5.5mm long; petals pale rose, oblong, emarginate, equaling or scarcely exceeding calyx, glabrous at base; capsule twice as long as calyx, slightly curved; seeds small, 0.4mm long, smooth. April—May. Stony slopes and sandy places.— European part: Bl., Crim. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Nikolaev. Type in Kiev; cotype in Leningrad. Subsection PERENNIA Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 406. — Perennials. Series 1. Lasiostemona Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 406. — Filaments hairy. 30. C. meyerianum Rupr. Fl. cauc. (1869) 221 in textu sub Stellaria media; Boiss. Fl. Or. Suppl.119; Shmal'g., Fl.1,161; Voron.in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II,2,165.— Stellaria meyeriana Rupr., 1. ec. (1869) 297.— Ic.: Rupr., op. cit., tab. V, fig. 3. Perennial, softly pubescent throughout; lower leaves ovate, with blade 4—6cm iong and 1.5— 2.5 cm broad, tapering to a long petiole; upper lanceolate, 4cm long and 0.8 cm broad, acute, short-petioled or sessile; flowers 5—9 at the end of stem; pedicels pubescent, sometimes 1-sidedly, about as long as or slightly longer than calyx; bracts herbaceous, linear- lanceolate, acuminate; sepals lance-ovate, 9—11mm long and ca.3mm broad, glabrous, acuminate, scarious-margined; petals shorter or longer than calyx, lobed to one-fifth or one-fourth; filaments hairy; capsule oblong, about as long as calyx, with erect revolute-margined teeth. July— September. Woods.— Caucasus: Cise., Endemic. Described from Mt. Beshtau and Ordzhonikidze. Type in Leningrad. 31. C. purpurascens Adams ap. Web. et Mohr. Cat.1 (1805) 60; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1,406; Boiss. Fl. Or.I, 729; Rupr. Fl. cauc.235; Voron. in Fom.and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. 11, 2, 169.— C.frigidum Vo Bare 348 454 455 taur.-cauc. I (1808) 362.— C.collinum ? Ind. sem. Hort Dorpat. 1832 et in Flora I (1832) 122, non Salisb. (1796).— C.umbellatum C. Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 708.— C.ruderaleB macrospermum Rupr. Fl. cauc. (1869) 232.— C.purpurascens var. subacaulis, tenui- caulis et parviflora Trautv. in A.H.P.II,2 (1873) 514.— Ic.: Gren. Monogr. Cerast. tab. 8. Perennial, covered in lower part with articulate hairs, in upper part often glandular; stems ascending, 2—50cm long, branched at summit; radical leaves oblong-elliptic, subacute, pubescent, tapering to a petiole, this as long as or longer than blade, ciliate at base; cauline ovate- lanceolate, sessile, connate at base; inflorescence terminal, cymose, 2—10-flowered, or rarely stem monanthous; pedicels longer than calyx, drooping after anthesis; sepals ovate, 5—12mm long, acute, pubescent on the back, often purple-tinged at margin and at apex; petals obovate, 2—3 times as long as or rarely equaling calyx, white outside, yellowish- green inside, deeply lobed, hairy and ciliate at base; filaments woolly- pubescent in lower part; capsule cylindric, 2—3 times as long as calyx; seeds sharply tuberculate,0.8— 2mm long. June— August. Alpine and subalpine meadows, thickets of Rhododendron caucasi- cum, grassy and gravelly mountain slopes. — Caucasus: Greater Caucasus, Dag., E., W., and S. Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from the Main Caucasus Range (Ossetia). Type in Moscow. Note. Extremely variable in various features, such as plant size, leaf shape, petal shape and size, seed size, and vesture. Ruprecht (l.c.) established var.microspermum to account for specimens with seeds not exceeding 1mm in length. Trautvetter (1.c.) also established a number of varieties of rather doubtful significance. 32. C.furcatum Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea I (1826) 61.—C.r igidum Ldb. in Mém. de 1'Acad. Sc. de St. Pétersb. V (1815) 538, non Vitm. (1789); Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 407; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. Il, 244.— C.vulgatum € glaucum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 409.— C.ciliatum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 616, non Waldst. et Kit. (1805).— C.rube- scens Mattf. in Notizblats Bot. Gart. u. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem XI, no. 105 (1932) 333.— C.amurense Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. et Geobot. 4 (1935) 32, excl. syn.— C.ciliatulum Ohwi in Journ. Japan. Bot. XII, no. 5 (1936) 334.— Russian name: yaskolka vil'chataya [same as for C.dichotomum]. Perennial; stems ascending at base, then erect, 20—60cm high, branched in the inflorescence, hairy, the hairs in lower part retrorse crisp, in middle part spreading, in inflorescence glandular; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 2—3cm long and 5—11mm broad, covered on both surfaces and on the margin with rather long hairs, sessile or the lower gradually tapering to a short petiole; bracts herbaceous, scarious-margined; pedicels glandular -hairy, 1—3.5 cm long, horizontally spreading after anthesis; sepals ovate, obtusish, scarious-margined, covered on the back with long spreading hairs, ca.5 mm long; petals 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, cleft to one-third into oblong lobes, long-ciliate at base; filaments glabrous or ciliate; capsule cylindric, 2— 3 times as long as calyx, slightly curved at summit, the erect teeth revolute-margined; seeds ca. 1mm in diameter, Sharply tuberculate. July— August. 349 456 Open woods, meadows, and shore pebbles. — E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Okh. Gen. distr.: Mong., China. Described from plants collected by Redovskii in Siberia. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Leiostemona Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 407. — Filaments glabrous; petals shorter to slightly longer than calyx. 33. C.caespitosum Gilib. Fl. Lith. V (1781) 159; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2,167; Hultén, Fl. Kamtch. I, 73; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1012.— C.vulgatum L. Sp. pl. ed. II (1762) 267 part.; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 408, ex parte; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 726; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. Il, 183; Fl. Kamch. II, 93.— C.viscocum L. Sp. (1753) 437, pro parte; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. I, 242.— C.triviale Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. I (1821) 433.— Ic.: Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. III (1909) t.105.— Exs.: HFR no. 1562. Perennial, biennial, or annual, 10— 30cm high, with procumbent sterile and ascending flowering stems; stem and leaves covered with short hairs, at summit glandular, or sometimes the whole plant glandular-pubescent; leaves oblong-ovate or oblong, the lower tapering to a short petiole, the others sessile, 1—3cm long and 3— 10mm broad; flowers in a rather dense terminal cyme; fruiting pedicels 2—3 times as long as calyx; bracts herbaceous, scarious-margined; sepals acuminate, 5—6mm long, Sscarious at margins and at tips, hairy on the back; petals lobed to one-third, equaling or shorter than calyx; capsule twice as long as calyx. May— July. Groves, open woods, scrub, meadows, pastures, fields, near houses, and at roadsides; rising in mountains into the alpine zone. — European part: all regions except the Arctic; throughout the Caucasus and Siberia; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Okh., Uss., Kamch. (introduced), Uda. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran. (N. Iran), Mong., Jap.-Ch., Afr., Am., New Zealand, Antarctic islands. Described from Lithuania. Type in Kiev ? Economic importance. A frequent weed of crop fields. Note. This species is often incorrectly classified in herbaria. This is due to the fact that C.caespitosum is sometimes an annual plant and it is often confounded with C.semidecandrum, since the sepals are glabrous at apex in both species. C.semidecandrum L. may, however, be distinguished by various characters, e. g., the larger calyx which attains 5—6mm in length (in C.semidecandrum L. merely 3.5—4.5 mm), the bracts scarious only at margins (not to the middle), the crowded flowers, and the somewhat greater dimensions of the plant. 34. C.tianschanicum Schischk. in Acta Inst. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. I, 2 (1936) i3oe— ee Se hiscaik.. lk Co, 11-62. Perennial; stems ascending at base, branched at summit, 15— 40cm long, covered with simple as well as glandular hairs; radical leaves lance-linear, marcescent; cauline lanceolate, 3— 4cm long and 5—7mm broad, glabrous or pubescent, sessile; flowers in loosely 2—68-flowered cymes at the ends of stems and branches; bracts small, hairy-margined; pedicels equaling to 2— 3 times as long as calyx, spreading or drooping 350 457 after anthesis; sepals lanceolate, 6—7.5mm long and ca. 2mm broad, obtuse, glandular-pubescent on the back, scarious at margins and tips; petals white, slightly exceeding to 1.5 as long as calyx, obcordate, lobed to one-third; filaments and lower part of petals glabrous; capsule oblong- cylindric, twice as long as calyx, with erect revolute-margined teeth; seeds rounded -reniform, ca. 1 mm in diameter, finely and obtusely tuberculate. June — July. In shortgrass meadows among coniferous woods and in subalpine meadows. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala Tau). Endemic. Described from the Trans-Ili Ala Tau and from the area of the Malaya Almatinka River. Type in Leningrad. 35. C.beeringianum Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea I (1826) 62.— G.vulgatum 6 beeringianum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 409. — C.alpinum beeringianum Rgl. Pl. Raddeanae (1862) 435. — C.fischerianum Tolm.in Trav. du Musée Bot. Ac. 1'URSS XXI (1927) 84, 85,non Ser.; Kryl.,, Fl. Zap. Sib. V,,1014.— C. alpinum) Kom. Fl. Kamch. Il, 92, non L. Perennial; stems 12— 30cm long, crowded and ascending at base, then erect; plants clothed throughout with unequal spreading hairs interspersed with glandular ones; leaves oblong, subobtuse or subacute, 10—20mm long, 2.5—4mm broad; inflorescence terminal, dichotomously branched, 3—7-flowered; bracts lanceolate, herbaceous; pedicels 7— 25 mm long, often deflexed; sepals elliptic, ca.4:mm long, acute or obtusish, broadly membranous-margined, hairy on the back; petals 1.5— 2 times as long as calyx, emarginate or lobed to one-fourth; capsule 1.5 times as long as calyx, scarcely curved; seeds ca. 1mm long, bluntly tubercled. June—July. (Plate XXIV, Figure 3). Waterside rocks, scrub, and pebbly and sandy shallows. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z., Arc. Sib., Chuk.; European part: N. Urals; W. Siberia: Ob; E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Kamch. Gen. distr.: Ber. Described from the shores of Eschscholtz Bay. Type in Leningrad. 36. C. gorodkovianum Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda, V, p. 671. Perennial; rootstock slender, obliquely ascending; stems ascending at base, then erect, 5— 16cm long, in lower part whitish and glabrate, covered above with short spreading hairs interspersed with glandular ones; leaves elliptic or ovate, 6— 20mm long and 3— 8mm broau, subobtuse, the lower tapering to a long and broad petiole, the upper sessile and covered with rather long soft hairs; inflorescence terminal, cymose, loosely 2— 5- flowered; pedicels glandular-pubescent, 5— 7mm long, often nodding; bracts ovate-lanceolate, scarious-margined at summit; sepals ovate, 5.5mm long, glandular-pubescent, scarious-margined, acutish; petals slightly exceeding to one-third longer than calyx, 2-lobed to one-fourth or one-third, glabrous. June—July. Sandy waterside shortgrass meadows in the forest belt. — European part: N. Urals (upper reaches of the Manya and Shchugor rivers). Endemic. Described from the upper reaches of the Manya River. Type in Leningrad. 351 458 37. C.fischerianum Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 419.— C.unalasch- kense Takeda in Kew. Bull. (1910) 381; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 94; Hultén Fl. Kamtch.1IV.— C.vulgatum y macrocarpum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 409.— C.orochonorum Tatewaki in Transact. Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc. XIV, 3 (1936) 181. — Ic.: Hultén Fl. of Kamtch. IV, 249, Duaple Perennial, densely covered with spreading hairs; flowering stems ascending, 10—30cm long; sterile shoots elongated, densely leafy; lower leaves of sterile shoots lanceolate, the others ovate to oblong-ovate, 0.7—3cm long and 3—12 mm broad, acute or obtuse; flowers 3—9 ina rather dense terminal cyme; pedicels 0.5—2cm long; bracts ovate, ca. 2.5mm long, acute, herbaceous, narrowly scarious-margined; petals lobed to one-fifth or one-fourth, 1.5 times as long as calyx, with glabrous or slightly ciliate claws; capsule 2.5— 3 times as long as calyx, slightly curved; seeds ca.1mm long, sharply tuberculate. July — August. Seaside rocks and sandy seashores. — Far East: Kamch., Sakh., Uda, Uss. Gen. distr.: Arc. N. Am., Unalaska. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Geneva. Series 3. Alpina Borza, Bot. Kézlem. (1913) 50.— Axillary sterile shoots absent; petals 1.5—2 times as long as calyx. 38. C.pusillum Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 418; Schischk. Not. system. ex Herb. Hort. bot. Petrop. VI, 3 (1926) 3; Kryl.) Fl. Zap. Sib: V, L0lso= C.vulgatum 7 leiopetalum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 410. — C.alpinum var. glandulifera Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXII, 1 (1860) 161, non Koch.— C.collinum Hort. Dorpat. ex Flora XVI (1833) 122, non Salisb. Perennial, rather densely tufted, flowering stems 5—15 cm long, covered with simple hairs, in upper part glandular; leaves elliptic or oblong- lanceolate, 5—15mm long and 3— 9mm broad, obtuse or short-acuminate, the lower tapering to a short petiole, the others sessile; flowers ina rather loose terminal cyme, rarely solitary; pedicels 2—4 times as long as calyx; bracts herbaceous; sepals oblong-elliptic, 5—6 mm long and 1.5—2 mm broad, obtusish, pubescent on the back, scarious-margined; petals 15—2 times as long as calyx, obcordate, lobed to one-fourth; capsule cylindric, twice as long as calyx. June—July. (Plate XXIV, Figure 2). Alpine moss-and-lichen and stony tundras, stony slopes, and alpine meadows.— W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Mongolian Altai, Tannu-Ola Range. Described from Fischer's illustration based on Siberian material. Type lost (?). Illustration in De Candolle's herbarium at Geneva. 39. C. alpinum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 439.— C.alpinumea hirsutum, Blanatum,y glabratum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 412.— C.hyper- boreum A. Tolm. in Scrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet no. 34 (1930) 6.— le.c, AioimiWlvie gabon Us Perennial, matted; stems numerous, 5— 15cm long, heavily pubescent; radical leaves elliptic or obovate, 7—15 mm long and 3— 7mm broad, round-tipped or subacute, densely covered with long hairs, finally often coriaceous, glabrous, lustrous, or sometimes always glabrous when young 352 459 (var. glabratum Fenzl); cauline leaves narrower, elliptic or obovate, obtuse or subacute, pubescent; bracts similar but smaller; pedicels densely clothed with glandular hairs; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 6.5—9 mm long, acute, scarious-margined, covered on the back with obliquely ascending hairs; petals 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, the ciliate limb lobed to one-third; capsule twice as long as calyx. July— August. Stony tundras; also sandy, argillaceous, and grassy slopes. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z., Franz Josef Land; European part: Kar.-Lap. Gen. distr.: Scand. (N.), Iceland, Spitsbergen, mountains of Centr. Eur., Pyrenees, Bal., N. Amer., Greenland. Described from the European Alps. Type in London. 40. C.regelii Ostenf. in Vid. -Selsk. Skr. Math. -Nat. 1909 no. 8 (1910) 10.—C.alpinum y caespitosum Malmgren in Ofv. af K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., Stockholm (1862) 242.— C.edmonstonii var. caespitosum G. Anderss. et Hesselman, Bih. till. K. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 26, III, no. 1 (1900) 61.— C.serpyllifolium M. B. ex Stev. in DC. Prodr. 1 (1824) 417, non Willd.— C.alpinum 6 serpyllifolium Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., XXXV, 1 (1862) 444.— C.vulgatum s grandiflorum, lusus 2 Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 6 (1842) 412.— Ic.: Anders. et Hesselman, l.c., fig. 28 et tab. 4. Perennial, matted; stems numerous, prostrate at base, then ascending, 5—20cm long, clothed with short and sometimes crisp hairs, densely leafy in lower part; leaves broad-ovate, 3—6mm long and 2.5—3mm broad, obtuse, glabrous or slightly pubescent, obtuse or short-acuminate; flowers 1—5 onthe stem; pedicels glandular-pubescent,4—28mm long; bracts herbaceous, resembling foliage leaves but smaller; sepals ovate, ca.4mm long and 1.5—2 mm broad, obtusish, scarious-margined, pubescent and often slightly violet-tinged; petals 1.5—2.5 times as long as calyx, lobed to one-fourth. July— August. Pebble-and-sand shallows, dryish tundras, and slopes. — Arctic: Nov. Z., Arc. Eur. (Vaigach Island, Yugorskii Shar), Arc. Sib. (from the mouth of the Lena to the Ob). Gen.distr.: Spitsbergen. Described from the Arctic. 41. C. bialynickii Tolm.in Travaux du Musée botan. de 1'URSS, XXI (1927) 81.— Ic.: Tolm., l.c., fig. 1. Perennial, tufted, densely covered throughout with long hairs, producing at base reduced sterile shoots; flowering stems ascending at base, 2—17cm long, simple, only in inflorescence very sparingly branched; leaves oblong- elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 5—12 mm long and 2.5—4mm broad, subobtuse; flowers 1— 5,terminal; bracts herbaceous, lanceolate, acutish; pedicels equalingto 2—3 times as long as calyx, erect, after anthesis spreading; sepals lanceolate to ovate -lanceolate, 5— 7mm long, narrowly scarious- margined, obtuse; petals somewhat shorter than calyx, 2-lobed to one-third; capsule cylindric, twice as long as calyx; seeds ca.1mm long. July— August. Sandy hills, pebbly seashores, seaside slopes, and patchy tundras. — Arctic: Arc. Sib., Chuk. Endemic. Described from Dikson Island. Type in Leningrad. 353 460 463 42. C.polymorphum Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 237.— C.alpinum M.B. Fl. taur. -cauc. I, 861, non i. —'C.ovatum ole labratum-,et Bo rati lam in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 415.— C.latifolium @ latifolium, B lanceo- latum Fenzl,l.c.,415.— C.ovatum Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 729 quo ad pl. cauc., non Hoppe.— C.latifolium Boiss.,1.c., 730 quo ad pl. cauc., non L.; Som. et Lev. in A.H. P. XVI.— C.polymorphumadecumbens, B mollifolium, y alpestre,6 myrtifolium, 6 latifolium, n viscidulum Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 238—239.— C.carinthiacum Som. et Lev., 1.c., 89, non Vest; Voron.in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kav. i Kryma II, 2,167.— C.carinthiacum var. elegans Som. et Lev.,1.c. (1900) 89.— S.subsimile Schischk. ex Grossh., Fl. Kav. II (1930) 383. ) Perennial; stems ascending at base, then erect, 7— 17 cm long, covered | with short simple or glandular hairs or almost glabrous; radical leaves lance-linear, the median cauline ovate to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous or pubescent; bracts small, with pubescent margins; flowers 2— & at end of stem; pedicels equaling to 2—3 times as long as calyx, deflexed after anthesis, finally again erect; sepals lanceolate, 5—8 mm long and 1.5—2 mm broad, obtuse, pubescent on the back, scarious-margined; petals white, obcordate, twice as long as calyx, deeply 2-lobed; filaments glabrous; capsule oblong-cylindric, twice as long as calyx, the teeth erect. July — August. (Plate XXIV, Figure 4). Taluses and stony slopes in the alpine zone, at altitudes of 2,000 — 3,350 m. — Caucasus: Greater Caucasus. Endemic. Described from the alpine zone of the Main Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. Note. The plant, distributed in the Greater Caucasus and endemic to it, displays great variability; this has given rise to the establishment of a great number of varieties. As already demonstrated by Ruprecht, the Caucasian plant differs markedly from the European species C.lati- © folium, C.ovatum, and C.carinthinum, with which it was identified by various authors (see above). The species established by Ruprecht was not acknowledged by later authorities and we reestablish it now. Series 4. Arvensia Hayek, Fl. Steierm. I (1908) 301.— Sterile shoots, represented by leafy tufts, borne in the leaf axils; petals twice as long as calyx. 43. C.arvense L. Sp. pl. (1753) 438; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 452; Kom., Fl. Manch. IJ, 182; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 163; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. I, 2,167; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1015.— C.incanum Ldb. in Mém. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. V (1815) 540; Turcz. Fl. baic. -dahur. I, 243. — Ic.: Ldb. Ic. Fl. Ross. Il, tab. 149. — Exs.: HFR no.406; Pl. Finl. exs. no. 634, 635. Perennial; stems profusely branched at base, with prostrate and ascending sterile shoot; flowering stems 10—40cm long, covered in lower part with short retrorse hairs, in upper part these interspersed with glandular hairs, or sometimes the whole plant glabrous (var. glabellum (Turcz.) Fenzl), with elongated upper internodes; leaves lanceolate or broadly linear (var.an gustifolium Fenzl),1—2cm long and 1.5—4 mm broad, sometimes ovate -oblong (var.latifolium 354 ‘461) PLATE XXIV. 1. Cerastium dichotomum L.— 2. C.pusillum Seringe.— 3. C. belhringianum Cham. et Schlecht.— 4. C.polymorphum Rupr.— 5. C.argenteum M.B.— 6. C.ponticum Albov. 355 464 Fenzl), subacute, covered with short hairs, with axillary fascicles of varying length; flowers in a loose terminal cyme; bracts scarious at apex and at margins; pedicels 2—3 times as long as calyx; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 4—6 mm long and 1.5—2 mm broad, obtusish, covered with short glandular hairs, broadly scarious-margined; petals 2—2.5 times as long as calyx, lobed to one-third; capsule slightly exceeding to 1.5 times as long as calyx, scarcely curved at summit, with erect revolute-margined teeth. May— August. In meadows, open woods, and scrub, near houses and in fallows. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib., An. (S.); European part: Lad.-Ilm., Dv.-Pech., V.-Kama, U. V., U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don; W.and E. Siberia: all regions; Far East: Uda, Okh., Uss.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Mong., Dzu.-Kash., Jap.-Ch., N. Am. Described from Scandinavia and S. Europe. Type in London. Series 5. Grandiflora Borza, Bot. K6zlem. (1913) 6.— Stems and leaves white-woolly with slender crisp hairs; capsule with erect or revolute teeth. 44, C. biebersteinii DC. in Mém. Phys. Gen. I (1822) 436; Gren. Monogr. Cerast. 22 ex parte; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I, 414; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 727; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,163; Voron.in Fom. and Voron., Opred. II, 2, 169. — C.repens M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. I, 360,non L.— Ic.: DC. Pl. rares Genéve, (1929) 11.— Exs.: HFR no. 309; Dorfl. Herb. norm. no. 4705. Perennial, densely white-tomentose throughout, with procumbent sterile shoots and ascending flowering stems 10—25mm long; leaves linear to oblong-linear, 2—4cm long and 3— 6mm broad, subacute, with flat margins; flowers in a loose terminal cyme; pedicels erect, 0.3— 2.5cm long; bracts oblong-lanceolate, narrowly scarious-margined; sepals lanceolate, acute, membranous-margined, 7— 10mm long; petals white, 2—3 times as long as calyx, obcordate, gradually tapering toward base, lobed to one-fourth or one-third, glabrous; capsule cylindric, scarcely curved, nearly twice as long as calyx, with erect flattish teeth; seeds reniform- triangular, finely tuberculate,1—2mm indiameter. End of May, June— July. Stony slopes and rocks. — European part: Crim. Endemic. Described from cultivated plants raised in Geneva from seeds sent by M. Bieberstein from the mountainous part of the Crimea. Type in Geneva. Note. C.biebersteinii is an endemic Crimean plant, very widespread in the mountainous part of the Crimea. It displays the closest relationship to C.szowitsii Boiss. (E. Transcaucasia) and C.argentum M. Bieb. (Central Transcaucasia) which are similarly white-tomentose but differ in some other characters. Early investigators identified the Crimean plant with C.tomentosum L., although this species is confined to the central and southern parts of Italy. C.biebersteinii DC.does not occur in a wild state outside the Crimea. The report by Taliev and Voinovskii referring to the occurrence of this species in inundated meadows of [the former] Buguruslan County of Samara Province is certainly wrong. Economic importance. C.biebersteinii is now widely cultivated in gardens of W. Europe as an ornamental plant, especially for covering rocks and stony plots. 356 465 45. C.argenteum M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 361; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II,2.— C.grandiflorum a2 rosmarini- folium Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 414.— C.grandiflorum Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 727, ex parte; Som. et Lev. in A. H. P. XVI, 86, non Waldst. et Kit. — C.argenteum 8 minor Freyn et Conrath in Bull. Herb. Boiss. III (1891) 100.— Exs.: HFR no.1257; : Pl. or. exs. no. 62: Perennial, forming large dense mats; stems numerous, densely leafy, 10—30cm long, rarely 4—7cm (var.minor Freyn et Conrath); leaves linear, with revolute margins, spreading or recurved, the lower usually greatly exceeding internodes, 1— 3.5cm long and 1— 3mm broad, with a prominent midrib; bract and sepals oblong, broadly scarious-margined, the latter 5—9mm long; petals lobed to one-third, 2— 2.5 times as long as calyx; capsule oblong, with flat erect or somewhat divergent teeth. June— July. (Plate XXIV, Figure 5). Rocks and stony slopes.— Caucasus: E. Transc. Endemic. Described from Tiflis [Tbilisi]. Type in Leningrad. 46. C. sosnowskyi B. Schischk.nom.nov.— C.argenteum ssp. glabratum Sosnowsky in Mon. Jard. Bot. Tiflis. Nov. sér., livr. 1 (1922 —23) 73.—C. grandiflorum var. glabra Trautv.in A.H. P.IV (1876) 358. Perennial, forming loose tufts; stems numerous, ascending at base, 10—20cm long, more or less covered with crisp hairs or almost glabrous, simple or in the inflorescence branched; leaves linear, 1—3cm long and 0.7— 2mm broad, acute, the upper more distant than the lower, glabrous or slightly pubescent, the margins flat or more rarely revolute; flowers in loose cymes at end of stem; bracts ovate, broadly scarious-margined or scarious throughout, 2.5—4mm long, acute; pedicels 1—3.5cm long, commonly covered with soft crisp hairs; sepals ovate, 5.5—7mm long, broadly scarious-margined, obtuse, with soft appressed hairs on the back or glabrate; petals white, 2— 2.5 times as long as calyx, lobed to one-third; petal-claws and filaments glabrous; capsule twice as long as calyx, the teeth erect, slightly revolute or almost flat; seeds reniform, bluntly tuberculate. July— August. Rocks. — Caucasus: E. part of W. Transc. (Borzhomi, Abastuman, Tskhra-Tsnara, Azhar-Imeretian Range). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (Ardagan). Described from Abas-Tuman. Type in Tiflis. 47. C. szowitsii Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 717; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2,162.— C.araraticum Rupr. Fl. cauc. (1869) 234; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. I], 2, 169. Perennial, white-tomentose, except in lower part, by implexed hairs; stems erect, 10—20cm long, brittle, matted together with reduced sterile shoots; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 10 —25 mm long and 2—3.5(5)mm broad, acute; flowers 1—4 at end of stem; pedicels erect, longer than calyx; bracts broadly scarious-margined, acute; sepals lanceolate, 7— 8 mmlong and 2mm broad, white-woolly on the back, broadly scarious-margined; petals white, twice as long as calyx, lobed to one-third; capsule oblong, about twice as long as calyx, dehiscing by erect, revolute- margined teeth; seeds ca.1mm long, bluntly tuberculate. June— August. 337 466 Alpine and subalpine rocks, at altitudes of 2,000 — 3,300 m.— Caucasus: E.and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Mt. Kiyas. Type in Geneva. 48. C.dagestanicum Schischk. in Addenda V, p. 883 (1936). Perennial, white-tomentose throughout; stems ascending at base, 7—15cm long, brittle; leaves lance-ovate,1—2.5cm long and 4— 6mm broad, subacute; flowers 3—8 on the stem; pedicels shorter to longer than calyx; sepals lanceolate, 6— 9mm long, acute, woolly on the back, scarious-margined; petals twice as long as calyx, cleft to the middie, with ovate lobes; petal-claws and filaments glabrate; capsule slightly exceeding to 1.5 times as long as calyx, with reflexed teeth; seeds sharply tuberculate. June—July. Stony and grassy slopes and rock crevices at altitudes of 1,200— 2,500m.— Caucasus: Dag. and E. part of Main Range. Endemic. Described from Dagestan. Type in Leningrad. 49. C.ponticum Alb. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II (1894) 449; Prodr. Fl. colch. 37; Voron. in Fom.and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. II, 2, 168. Perennial, heavily white-fleecy; stems numerous, 10—20cm long, brittle, simple; lower leaves lance-linear, often falcate; median cauline elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 2—3cm long and 6—10mm broad; flowers 7—15 at end of stem; pedicels 5—15mm long; bracts almost wholly scarious; sepals lanceolate, 5—7mm long and 1.5—2 mm broad, acute, broadly scarious-margined; petals white, 2—3 times as long as calyx, lobed to one-fourth; petal-claws and filaments glabrous; capsule 1.5 times as long as calyx, with erect teeth; seeds reniform, ca. 1.5mm long, bluntly tuberculate. August— September. (Plate XXIV, Figure 6). Calcareous rocks in the alpine zone, at altitudes of 1,900—2,400 m. Caucasus: W. part of the Main Range. Endemic. Described from Abkhazia (Bzybskii Range, Mt. Mamdzykhka). Type in Geneva. 50. C. stevenii Schischk. nom. nov.— C.villosum Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX (1856) 332, non Baumg. (1816).— C. glomeratum b. villosum Shmal'g., Fl. I (1895) 162, ex parte; Gurcke in Richter-Gurcke, Pl. Eur. II (1899) 229; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. i Kryma II, 2, 166. Perennial, subtomentose throughout with soft partly spreading hairs; stems several, 10—15 cm long, erect, branched at summit; leaves obovate- oblong, somewhat tapering at base, 5—7.5mm long and 2.5— 4mm broad, scarcely acuminate; inflorescence 5—7-flowered; pedicels 5— 7mm long; sepals white scarious at margins and at tips, acute, 3.5mm long; petals white, 2-lobed, barely shorter than calyx; capsule slightiy exceeding calyx. June. Note. This species was collected on a single occasion near the village of Otuz and was described by Steven. In some characters, notably the indument, it resembles C.biebersteinii DC.; in others, such as the small flowers and short petals, it comes close to C.caespitosum Gilib. It is suspected that this plant may be a hybrid between the species indicated. 358 467 468 Genus 465. HOLOSTEUM * L.** L. Gen. I (1737) 376. Sepals 5, lanceolate, scarious-margined; petals 5, white or pale pink, entire or jagged-denticulate; stamens 3—10; styles commonly 3; capsule cylindric, dehiscing by 6 revolute teeth; seeds concavo-convex, longitudinally furrowed on the convex and keeled on the concave side. Annual plants with slender roots and 1 to several erect stems; flowers in an umbellate terminal inflorescence. Russian: kostenets [from kost', bone]. 1. Plants more or less glandular-pubescent; pedicels recurved after anthesis, again erect in fruit; bracts not more than 2mm long....... SE eo Mae ee Ne. ce Awe | TO. en, eee Se ee woe ee an + Plants glabrous; pedicels erect; bracts to 5mm long, scarious- IIa UTS CLS) songs ey yerianpayds (inlay piabteaitr elute seylebih veyuer Z 3. H.marginatum C.A. M.. 2. Stamens 3—5; bracts and lower part of pedicels glabrous; petals equaling or slightly longer than calyx ......... 1. H.umbellatum L. + Stamens 10; bracts andlower part of pedicels glandular-pubescent; petals,about Lab —2itimestas(tonp as Calyss. (my. W 5. 2 tie 6 8 ees ees ee Ae it tL SHES Neat, 4 ok aL 2. H. glutinosum (M.B.) Fisch. et Mey. 1. H.umbellatum L. Sp. pl.I (1753) 88; Shmal'g., Fl.1,155; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1017.—H.umbellatuma oligandrum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 373.—Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 259. Annual, green or sometimes glaucescent, 3—25cm high; upper part of stems, pedicels, calyx, and leaf margins glandular-pubescent; bracts 1—2 mm long, scarious, glabrous as are the joints of pedicels, or (in var. glabrum Schur.) the whole plant glabrous; cauline leaves 2 pairs, oblong, narrowly lanceolate or more rarely subovate, acute; radical leaves rosulate, oblong-obovate, tapering to a petiole; pedicels up to 10, unequal, recurved after anthesis, re-erecting in maturity; flowers half-open or cleistogamous; sepals 3—4.5mm long,1.5—2 mm broad, glabrous or glandular-pubescent; petals white, sometimes pinkish, oblong-elliptic, jagged-denticulate at apex,as long as or slightly longer than calyx; stamens 3—5; mature capsule 1.5 times as long as calyx. March— May. (Plate XXV, Figure 2). Steppe solonetzes, sands, more rarely river pebbles, and occasionally cultivated land. — European part: U.Dnp.(S.), V.-Don (S.), Transv. (S.), Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E.,and S. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz.K.,Kara K., Mtn. Turkm.,Syr D., Amu D., T.Sh. Gen. distr.: Scand. (S.), Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur., W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran., Ind.-Him., Dzu.-Kash. Described from Germany and France. Type in London. Economic importance. Sometimes infesting field crops but not considered a troublesome weed. 2. H.glutinosum (M.B.) Fisch. et Mey. Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. VI (1839) 52.—Arenaria glutinosa M.B.FIl.taur.-cauc.I (1808) 344.— Holo- steum liniflorum Fisch. et Mey. Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. III (1837) 39.— * From Greek holos, mature [?], and osteon, bone, as the plant was apparently once used as a cure for bone fractures. ** Treatment by O. A. Murav'eva. 359 (469) vy Wee SN . PLATE XXV. 1. Holosteum marginatum C.A.M., capsule, bracts.— 2. H.umbellatum L., capsule, part of flower, bracts.— 3. H.glutinosum (M.B.) Fisch. et Mey., part of flower, capsule, bracts. — 4. Sagina nivalis (Lindbl.) Fries., portion of plant, flower, seed, leaf, capsule, ovary.— 5. S.oxysepala Boiss., capsule, seed and its fragment.— 6. S.apetala Arduino, capsule, seed, leaf.— 7. S.litoralis Hultén, flower, sepal,seed.— 8. S.maxima A. Gray, seed and its fragment. 360 471 H.liniflorum Stev. ex Fisch. et Mey. Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. IV (1838) 10; Menai in Ldb. Fl. Ross: F314; Boiss. Fl: Orel, 710.— Hupoly gam um C. Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 708.— H.umbellatum § pleiandrum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1 (1842) 374,781; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1,710.— H.imberbe subsp.macropetalum J. Gay in Ann. Sc. nat. 3 ser. IV (1845) 37.— H.umbellatum B glandulosum Vis. Stirp. Dalm. (1826) 37; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,156.—H.umbellatum var.glutinosum Gitrke in Richt.-Gurke Pl. Eur. II (1899) 236.— Cerastium minutum Kom.in Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. XXVI (1896) 139. Annual, green, 4— 30cm high, covered in all parts with glandular hairs; bracts very small, 2— 3mm long, foliaceous, glandular-pubescent as are pedicel joints; cauline leaves 2 or 3 pairs, to 2.5cm long, oblong or lanceolate to sublinear; radical leaves smaller, tapering to a petiole; pedicels unequal, recurved after anthesis, re-erecting in maturity; flowers larger than those of the preceding species; sepals to 5mm long; petals pale pink or white, entire or slightly jagged-denticulate, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx; stamens 10; mature capsule about twice as long as calyx. March— May. (Plate XXV, Figure 3). Steppes, sands and loams, stony mountain slopes, and limestone. — European part: Transv. (S. part), L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., W., E., and 5. Puanse:;s@entr.Asia:)Ar:-Casp.;\Balkh.; Dzus+Tarb:.; Kyz. Ky Kara)K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., Syr D., Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from steppes between Astrakhan and Kizlyar. Type in Leningrad. 3. H. marginatum C. A. M. in Hohenack. Enumer. pl. Talysch. (1838) 166; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 374.— Ic.: Grossg., Sosn. and Shishk., Fl. Tifl. I, fig. 80. Annual, glaucescent, quite glabrous,4—30cm high; bracts large, to 5mm long, scarious-margined, elliptic or oval or ovate; cauline leaves 1 or 2 pairs, elongate-elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, connate at base; radical leaves rosulate, obovate or oval, tapering to a rather long petiole; pedicels always erect; sepals to 5mm long, scarious-margined; petals white or pinkish, entire, equaling to 1.5 times as long as calyx; stamens 10; mature capsule about equaling calyx or exceeding it by not more than one-third. March— May. (Plate XXV, Figure 1). Dry hills and stony slopes, rarely meadows and fields. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E., and S. Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad. Genus 466. SAGINA * L.** L. Sp. pl. (1753) 128. Sepals 4 or 5; petals as many, entire or notched, often persistent in fruit, or wanting; stamens 4—10; styles 4 or 5; capsule dehiscent to base into 4 or 5 valves; seeds reniform. Annuals or perennials, mostly cespitose; flowers small, 2—3mm long, long-pediceled; leaves linear, connate at base. Russian name: mshanka. * Sagina,forage,as Spergula arvensis, cultivated as a forage plant, was named by de 1'Obel Sagina spergula. ** Treatment by E. I. Shteinberg. 361 472 Ui. Sepals andfpetals, rote tkee fel. 4a. $2 se See, See ee 2. + Sepalstandipetalsh4 292 Fy oF. 20 eaORL 2 OTR. oe eee ae ae eee D. 2. Stem terminated by a large white flower; petals twice as long as calyx; cauline leaves with reduced shoots [fascicles] in the axils..... 1. S. nodosa (L.) Fenzl. +, fistems! not termunatedtby-atlarce! Mower. © i: Gi 8. Wee er. toa he eer ce 3. 3. Pedicels and sepals glabrous; stems densely tufted; flowers very small; péetalstsomewhat ‘shorter’ thanrcalyx: 2 ).--.a0 2.02 E 20 oe ee. SS Oe ee URN OUR chs aang | Maat eat 2. S. saginoides (L.) Dalla Torre. +(@iPedicelssandysepals? clandular-pubescentiain 9.08 -- een AeA 4. 4. Seeds covered with short flat papillae ........ 4. S. litoralis Hultén. + Seeds covered with cylindric papillae (under the microscope) ....... «| REI, Bites aig At: os Maes. cl heel Le ei bas.: 2 3. S. maxima A. Gray. 5. Sepals acute, lanceolate, slightly exceeding the capsule and appressed fornitss spetalstione Ul SLNGks. Leesaage gelbengag 3 8. S. oxysepala Boiss. + tAilsepals obtuse oritwo'of themishoodédt!s 12 oy lite. 22 26 Siig Be 6. 6. Sepals appressed to capsule; stems not rooting, mostly simple; petals somewhat shorter than calyx. Small Arctic plants.......... wie PERE E LL TNR aR TS te St Nae aah 7. S. nivalis (Lindbl.) Fries. + Fruiting sepals spread inigt 240.) 1S. io WS ee i) COME: See mene: Te 7. Stems rooting; pedicels recurved at summit after flowering; sepals broad -ovate, all equal; petals often persistent in fruit; leaves STS DLOUS MBE MO IALS ASME MCE, PEED Mee aes 5. S. procumbens L. + Stems always erect; pedicels not recurved at summit; sepals unequal, the outer two hooded at apex; petals minute, promptly caducous; leaves cilrate mim lowe repaicin. cttlinc (ene Mncyetienee 6. S. apetala Arduino. Section 1. SPERGELLA Rchb. in Moessler Handb. 2. Aufl. I (1827) S. LXV.— Flowers nearly always 5-merous; stamens 8—10, rarely 5; capsule dehiscing by 5 teeth; petals twice as long as or somewhat shorter than sepals. 1. S. nodosa (L.) Fenzl, Verbr. Alsin. (1833) tab. ad p.18; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 3405 (Kryl @ Pl Zap.sibs Ve loi Shmallees FlL, 49. Sipreire ula nodosa L. Sp. pl. (1753) 440. — Ic.: Syreishch., Ill. Fl. Mosk. gub., 116; Hegi Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. III (1909) 382, t.106; Fl. Yugo-Vost., fig. 303; Maevsk., Fl. Sr. Ross., fig. 118.— Exs.: Herb. Fl. Ingr.,121 sub. Spergella nodosa Fenzl; FI. pol. exs. no. 322; HFR no. 160; Pl. Finl. exs. no. 624? var. glandulosa (Bess.). Perennial, to 25cm high; stems several, erect or sprawling, branched, glabrous or sparsely covered with glandular hairs, more densely so at base of calyx (var. glandulosa (Bess.)); leaves glabrous or sparsely glandular-ciliate, the radical rosulate, linear, mucronate, to 30 mm long and to 0.75 mm broad, the cauline progressively shorter toward summit where ca. 1 mm long, with axillary branchlets reduced to leaf fascicles; internodes numerous; flowers 1 or 2 at ends of stems and branches, on rather short pedicels; sepals 5, broadly lanceolate, obtuse, membranous- margined, glabrous or with glandular hairs mainly at base, 1.75—2.5mm long and 1.25—1.5 mm bread, half as long as petals; petals 5, white, 362 473 broad -ovate, obtuse, to 5mm long and ca. 2.5mm broad, abruptly narrowing to a short claw; stamens 10; styles 5; capsule oblong, twice as long as calyx, dehiscing by 5 valves. June— August. Wet sandy places, sandy soil in pinewoods, field borders, and roadsides. — Arctic: Arc. Eur. (rarely); European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad. -Ilm.; U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don; Caucasus: (apparently introduced); Dag. and Gr. Cauc. (Mt. Kazbek); W. Siberia: Ob; E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena- Kol., Ang.-Say. Gen. distr.: northern and central parts of W. Eur., N. Am., ‘Greenland. Described from W. Europe. Type in London. 2. S. saginoides (L.) Dalla Torre, Anl. Beobacht. Alpenpfl. (1882) 189. — Spergula saginoides L. Sp. pl. (1753) 441.— S.micrantha Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 183.— S.semidecandra Turcz. ex Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1 (1842) 339, nom. nud.— Sagina linnaei Presl, Rel. Haenk. II (1831) 14; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 339; Kom. and Alis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. I, AQp ery hls ZapisibV 1008. — Arieniariairigida: Rupr: PL. Caue: (1869) 202.— S.arctica Scheutz, Plant. Jeniss. in Kongl. Sv. Vet. -akad. Handl. 22, no. 10 (1887) 93.— Ic.: Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. III (1909) 382, t.106; Lindmann. Svensk Fanerogamenflora (1918) 233.— Exs.: Fellman, Pl. arct.40; Haglund in Kallstro6m, Herbarium Skandinavicum, sub Sagina saxatili. Perennial, to 6cm high, glabrous; stems numerous, ascending, forming a mat; leaves narrowly linear to subulate, acute, to 18 mm long and to 1mm broad; pedicels 15—20mm long; sepals 5, ovate, obtuse, to 2mm long and to 1.5mm broad; petals 5,as long as or much shorter than sepals or wanting; stamens often 5 (var.micrantha (Bge.) Fenzl) or else 10 (var. decandra Fenzl); styles 5; capsule about twice as long as calyx, dehiscingby5 valves. May-— August. Rocks, stony slopes, rock streams, river pebbles and shallows in the alpine and polar-arctic regions and adjoining parts of the forest belt. — Arctic: Arc. Eur. and Sib., Chuk.; European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., V.-Kama; Caucasus: Cisc.,Dag.,W.and E.Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob, Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say.; Far East: Kamch.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., Pam.-Al., T.Sh. Gen.distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Him., Dzu.-Kash., Ber., N. Am. Described from France and Siberia. Type in London. 3. S.maxima A. Gray in Mem. of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sci. N.S. 6 (1857) 382 in annot.— S.linnaei var. maxima Maxim. Mél. Biol. IX. (1873) 383.— S.sinensis Hance in Journ. Bot. (1863) 46.— Ic.: Somokou Zoussetz, vol. 8, fol. 32, sub TSoume Kousa (Icon. mala.). Annual?, to 15cm high; stems profuse, ascending and loosely cespitose or erect; leaves to 20mm long and 1 mm broad, narrowly linear, apiculate; pedicels glandular -hairy, to 1.5cm long, 1 -flowered; flowers 4- or 5-merous; sepals ovate, acuminate, to 2mm long and to 1.5mm broad; petals scarcely shorter than calyx, ovate, short-clawed; capsule exserted to one-fourth from the loosely adhering calyx; seeds papillose, the papillae cylindric (under the microscope). March—September. (Plate XXV, Figure 8). 363 Seaside sands and shallows. — Arctic: An.; Far East: Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Japan, Manchuria, Korea, Formosa, China. Described from Japan. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is very similar in habit to S.litoralis Hultén from which it is distinguishable mainly by the seeds. 4. S. litoralis Hultén, Fl. Kamtch. II (1928) 78; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 102.— S.maxima A.Gray, Botany Japon. 382 (pro parte).— Ic.: Hultén, Fl. Kamtch. II, tab. 2, fig. d. Perennial, tufted-branched from base, the branches scarcely rooting, 5— 10cm long; leaves smooth, the radical filiform, ca. 15 mm long, the cauline linear-filiform to subulate, 4—6 mm long, the upper often sparsely glandular -pubescent; pedicels solitary, 15— 20mm long, glandular, often nodding at summit; sepals 5, oval-elliptic, glandular, membranous - margined, 2— 2.5mm long and 1—1.5mm broad; petals white, somewhat shorter than calyx, 1—1.5mm long and 0.75—1mm broad; capsule acute, exceeding perianth; seeds 0.6mm long, covered with short round papillae. July — September. (Plate XXV, Figure 7). Seashores, most probably from Kamchatka to Korea.— Far East: Kamch., Uss., Sakh. Gen.distr.: Far East. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Stockholm. 474 Section 2. SAGINELLA Koch, Syn. ed. 2 (1843) 117.— Flowers 4- or rarely 5-merous; capsule dehiscing by 4 teeth; petals up to half as long as sepals, often obsolescent or promptly caducous. 5. S. procumbens L. Sp. pl. (1753) 128; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,149; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib.1018.— Arenaria procumbens Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 202. — Ic.: Fl. dan. XII (1834) t.2103; Syreishch., Il. Fl. Mosk. gub. II, 116; Hegi Ill. Mittel-Eur. IIT (1909), 382, t.106, 388; Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. V (1841), t.201; Fedchenko and Flerov, Fl. Evt. Ross., fig. 278. — Exs.: HFR no. 1158; Pl. Finl. exs., no. 621; Fl. exs. Reip. Bohem. Sloven., no. 312; Fl. Bohem. et Morav. exs., no.151; Call. Fl. Siles. exs., no.1032. Vernacular name: mokrets. Perennial, glabrous or rarely leaves glandular-ciliate on the margin and at base; stems ascending or procumbent, branched, rooting, 2— 9cm long; leaves narrowly linear, acuminate and bristle-tipped, slightly connate at base, 2—10mm long and 0.25—0.5mm broad; pedicels 10—20mm long, recurved after anthesis and re-erecting in fruit; sepals 4, rarely 5, obtuse, ovate, to 2.25 mmlong and to 1.75 mm broad, reflexed in fruit; petals 4, rarely 5, white, one-fourth to one-third as long as calyx; stamens 4; styles 4; capsule ovoid, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, dehiscing by 4 valves. May— September. Water meadows, glades, pastures, and untended roadsides. — Arctic: Arc. Eur.; Eur. part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim. (rarely); Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E., and S. Transce.; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt., Ang. -Say. (introduced ?). Gen.distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., W. Med., Bal., Ind.-Him., N. Am., Tib. Described from W. Europe. Type in London. 364 475 476 6. S.apetala Arduino, Animadv. bot. spec. (1759) 22; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 149; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 388. — Ic.: Arduino, 1. c., tab. 8, fig. 1. Annual, to 10cm high; stems numerous, mostly erect, sometimes ascending, minutely glandular-pubescent; branches always erect; stems minutely glandular-pubescent; leaves aristate, ciliate at base; pedicels always erect (in marked constrast to Sagina procumbens); sepals to 2mm long, obtuse, divergent in fruit, the outer 2 mucronate; petals 4, small, white, or wanting; stamens 4,facing sepals; styles 4; capsule dehiscing by 4 valves, equaling to 1.5 times as long as calyx. May— September. (Plate XXV, Figure 6). Fields and meadows; rare.— European part: Bl., V.-Kama; Caucasus: W. Transc., Cisc. Gen. distr.: Eur., W. Asia, N. Am., Canary Islands. Described from Italy. 7. S. nivalis (Lindbl.) Fries, Novit. Fl. suec. Mant. III (1842) 31; Fedch. and Fler., Fl. Evrop. Ross. I] 380.— Spergula nivalis Lindbl. in Phys. Sallsk. Tidsk. (1837 — 38) 128.— Sagina intermedia Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 339.— Ic.: Fl. Dan. XVII (1880) t.2961; Lindm. Svensk Fanerogamenflora (1918) 242.— Exs.: Baenitz, Herbar. Europ. (sub Sagina nivalis Fries). Annual ?, glabrous, to 20 or rarely to 30mm high, tufted; stems simple, bearing 1 or 2 flowers; leaves linear-subulate, fleshy, acute or pungent, the radical to 10mm long and to 1mm broad, the cauline smaller; pedicels to 10mm long, rarely longer; sepals 4 or 5, ovate, obtuse, to 1.5 mm long and to 1 mm broad, often reddish at tips; petals 5, white, ovate from a broad base, to 2mm long and to 1.5mm broad, equaling or slightly exceeding sepals; stamens 8—10; stigmas 4 or 5; capsule dehiscing by 4 or 5 valves. July—September. (Plate XXV, Figure 4). Riverbanks and lakeshores, pebbles, and bluffs.— Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z., Arc. Sib., Chuk. Gen. distr.: Arc., Scand. Described from Norway. Type in Stockholm. 8. S. oxysepala Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 663; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 387. Annual, tufted; stems erect,5—10cm long; leaves subulate-acuminate, glabrous; pedicels erect, glabrous or glandular-pubescent; sepals 4, lanceolate, acute; fruiting sepals appressed to and scarcely exceeding capsule; petals none. June—July. (Plate XXV, Figure 5). Damp places.— Caucasus: W.and S. Transc. Endemic. Described from Armenia. Type in Leningrad. Genus 467. BUFFONIA* L. Sepals 4; petals 4, white, entire; stamens 4 or 8, inserted ona perigynous disk, this sometimes glandular; styles 2; ovary 2- or 4-ovuled; capsule unilocular, 2-seeded, dehiscing to base by 2 valves. Annuals or undershrubs with opposite subulate leaves appressed to the stem. * Named for the French scientist George Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707— 1788). According to another version, from Latin bu fa, frog, on account of resemblance of some plants of this genus to Juncus bufonius L, 365 (477) PLATE XXVI.:1. Ammodenia peploides (L.) Rupr., pistillate flower, staminate flower, seed.— 2.Lepyrodiclis stellarioides Schrenk., flower, fruit.— 3. L.-holosteoides (C.A.M.) Fenzl, flower, fruit.— 4.Buffonia parviflora Griseb.— 5. B.oliveriana Ser.— 6. B.macrocarpa Seringe, flower, ovary, staminode. [Item 7 missing in Russian original.] 366 1. Undershrub; branches puberulent in lower part; pedicels filiform, glabrous, 2— 30mm long, divergent; ovary containing 4 ovules...... ar OM acy racy eS tvasal srl ing Set yw Pact ey ah aw beat te rayipaty pra ya tes ve yep 1, B.macrocarpa Ser. oF Annuals or biennials; stem glabrous; pedicels appressed; ovary CA TANNA A NO WTA ESE | sid Hess Seat Sica ah ey cP -Lieths Clan See diryadagers al ere LS LS See 2. + Pepalisracuter Ori MUCK ONALE). ghay meh dus deen Lie heaps wheres mise «+ TOB 2. Leaves long-ciliate; seeds disciform, with long-fringed margin. . 3. + Leaves without long cilia, glabrous or sometimes with minutely glandular or ciliolate margins; seeds not fimbriate-margined.... 7. 3. Calyx glabrous; stems 10-20cm long... 36. M. laricina (L.) Mattf. ste Calva puibescentp stems 27 l0icmdong ays inig. Wiehe Selalaky. . 4, 4, Leaves very small, 2—3 mm long, oval, obtuse, closely imbricate; sepalsxS,mimn woheps:. gees. elaralis 42. M. brotherana (Trautv.) Woron. + Leaves linear or lanceolate, acute,5—12mm long; sepals 4-—7mm HonioniE4): ama ehe . bod) yen ie) atin (etnias, chet iam issn the a mene ee 5. 5. Sepals and stems covered with simple hairs; sepals greenish...... Pateusesre et oced uh: .qudule sunacth 40. M. imbricata (M. B.) Woron. a: Sepals and upper part of stems glandular-pilose; sepals often violet- [EBA prt Tee ral maa Re este be yi Voab wets be hae yeu Sion ti Led ieee, ek ee aE as we 6. by y weeds, 2—2.0 mm, in diameters, Arctic, plants), apqperaew aber tee ; Aerts: Sisters ope vey depen Unig 39. M.macrocarpa (Pursh) Ostenf. 35 Beede ca.l1mm in diameter; plants of the Main Caucasus Range ‘ Bit Sey eS opens: Bb discard tage Deb bao BOs 41. M.rhodocalyx (Alb.) Woron. 7. Sepals 4—7mm long; petals 1.5—2 times as long as calyx; radical DS aie aI S eT NORIO NS 518 th oe ince yenca Shiels ign encedierageietedamam mgd ceded ReabAe patton: » 8. it: Sepals 3—4mm long; petals equaling or scarcely exceeding calyx; leaves not more thant cmylongn jy.) wie nee ehegade clase» - Ss) S&S, Peseat marcin,ciholatesradicaldeayess;2 ascmullong iiedy Leasauye :. 2G. Ae ehed st, Me yeadu atc wht dic Wait vt We ated : 3 37. M. caucasica (Ad.) Mattf. - Meafmarein; clabrous;; radical leaves] =). Semalongy ya ps kine [taille - BR ie Oe Ebadi b mil, RAE oti hye od 43. M. arctica (Stev.) Asch. et Gr. 9. Leaves obscurely veined; long prostrate sterile shoots absent. MME rT me ences sea yn, Sua CE we Bey 44, M.biflora (L.) Schinz oe Thell, 371 pies 12. 13. 485 Leaves with 5 veins clearly discernible at base; plants with long procumbent sterile shoots (Caucasus): 2 0) “7 Ue eee ee LEE TI PNA MORIN, UKE ERED GRE eld g 36. M. aizoides (Boiss.) Bornm. Perennials i. soe ae eT CORE Che, SP Le Re Ea CaN a rated Nap: tate ee hea Jae AAT ELS ORT PR ee RPE TE GE EE Ie EE ISS Nig hae sae Te Ne Ne 39. Sepals 5-—“Oenerev edhe CPO Hie oP a RA INna tte) cl eek mat eee CO MIE 12. Sepals t—Senerved ey: Re gel) BAY Rae og cathe ha tere caine ab Nhe ict amen sete fe Weneler 14. Sepals 8—9mm long, long-acuminate; leaves linear-lanceolate, with 7—11 prominent veins...... 21. M.dianthifolia (Boiss.) Hand. -Mazz. Sepals 4—6 mm long; leaves linear or linear-subulate, obscurely VMS Ge Sear eh eee Meee cig ee TERT ERY GeoURL: Sia oes alae eh ae eve 3 13. Plants more or less covered throughout with glandular hairs; sepals ovate, acute, commonly reddish. ...19. M. hirsuta (M. B.) Hand. -Mazz. Plants glabrous in lower part, more or less glandular -pubescent above, or glabrous throughout; sepals lanceolate-acuminate, pale (SCYSy Oia As Gre Rr Mis achat x Paek ca te th 20. M.oreina (Mattf.) Schischk. Sepals becoming indurated, mostly 1-nerved (more rarely 3-nerved), with @ broad white’ cartilaginous marging! (0. 0.72 2) sau ae et ete) he meee 15. Sepals not becoming indurated at base, 3-nerved, without a white CArnVaASinOUS Waa COW MN SD ENON SE plo oot AM Sah ces at Wad ame Ete 22. Sepals GIADPOUS ai ce als ee Pee be oe a AY Orel te! torts Ualva, (ors Aen Sean ene tee DiGi Sepals) minutely glandular-puberulent: <6 7% 0 eee eae ene en eee 20. seeds Sharply ‘tuberculate at mare im se ie oietets wae aloe cian Senemngme een ay ee ts Seeds Smooth or with minute blunt’ tubercles! 95 2 2G) Tne Le; Plants 5—-8cm high; calyx 4—5 mm long (Caucasus).............. EE nan NED cote ae Meme SENEL ERED ieee eb LEE 13. M. buschiana Schischk. Plants 10—25cm high; calyx 3.5—4mm long (Ural area) .......... a topte as’ far Yeahs Remtcate: Baits Hora Me atc Rel epee seen 12. M. krascheninnikovii Schischk. Calyx '2)25' 3. 5am TO sh. Te RPM APES OP oh OLE) SO ee em eel ome Wie Calyx 4—5.5 mm long (Caucasus)........ 16. M. woronowii Schischk. Sepals 3—3.5mm long; plants loosely tufted (European part of the LASSI) asides KBs Haney adnate wocermerartate dee 11. M.setacea (Thuill.) Hayek. Calyx 2—2.5mm long; plants matted (Caucasus)........... ee Ree OPP ae Lita ath te Rake ER er ws PR Be Cae re 19. M. micrantha Schischk. Calyx'2.5—3inimilong”3=nerved! (S? Transe: Aan 42984 Nee, Sea ae cena seer e ON Weide as aa PN id id ape to doo 15. M. granuliflora (Fenzl) Grossh. Calyx! 4 Sammons A2 fh: hee se Fat Se Re oe nee Zils Flowers in a rather compact corymbose inflorescence; sepals tenerved: plants’densély tufted(Crimea) 04 2 2 eh ee ee ahah Mr tit! . Rs Ruri hs vine, 17. M. adenotricha Schischk. Flowers in a loose cyme; sepals 3-nerved at base; plants loosely tufted) (Ablshazien) ops <.Heyetisnahameasoegge Aypieee 18. M. abchasica Schischk. Petals) 1.52 timesas) longias' ‘calyx. 07 Le QiOl SU Ase Cea Se 23. Petals shorter to scarcely longer than calyx.) ./). 0. 0/5 3 ie 30. At least some pedicels 5—12 times as long as calyx........'... 24, Pedicels equal to or not more than 2—4 times as long as calyx.... 28. Plants densely glandular-pubescent; seeds tuberculate (Wirals) sa see SERIA A NR), PREP OOIN, EPE ease pst ccam 23. M.helmii (Fisch. ) Schischk. Plants glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent; seeds smooth 25. SZ 486 25. Stem monanthous, more rarely 2—5-flowered; seeds 0.4mm in diameter (Caucasus)........ 22. M. biebersteinii (Rupr.) Schischk. Stem usually bearing several to many flowers; seeds 0.5—1 mm in GIAMISES The Decent OMe, Euicaieraancy it Rune iaualy shiny daihion dleday ib Many sre uady alia daar theta Bakes 26. Shoots reduced to leaf fascicles borne in the axils of lower or all leaves; leaves rigid; seeds 0.6mm indiameter ............. 27. Axillary fascicles wanting; leaves not rigid; seeds 1mm in diameter CAlitat ancl ie Shari cane hbed {due did 4 iad ane 24, M.kryloviana Schischk. Stems and leaves quite glabrous; sepals 5mm long; capsule shorter Phemucadyad (Maa Mast ioe ve wrspemeapsieuies a lebae! wie ne 26. M. gracilipes Kom. Stems and sometimes leaves puberulent, rarely glabrate; sepals 4mm long; ; capsule exceeding) Cal yer ss scsi «| jaifiey swans 25. M.jacutica Schischk. Plants commonly glabrous, loosely tufted; flowering stems 10—25cm longed Mavies rigid taiwcoumiars bl oodtere: s 5 27. M. lineata (C. A. M.) Bornm. Plants profusely glandular-pilose, rather densely tufted: stems 5-110 em) long(Grimea and CentralAsia). isp. ie .oadebserm tens arayrh« 29. Sepals 4.5mm long; pedicels 10-20 mm long (Crimea)............ ST er caeraee Someone em Dame oe P 28. M.taurica (Stev.) Asch. et Gr. Sepals 5—6.5 mm long; pedicels 2—10 mm long (Central Asia) ....... Ue TS resins cui, CRC E yay,” i Richin’ w Egham ten pees 29. M. litwinowii Schischk. Minute plants, 1—2 cm high, forming mosslike mats (only in the Arctic Resort EE SIDErIA) ems ® sis jn seine Bf s 32. M. orthotrichoides Schischk. ARI eM oe Lys MIDS Rod a 2 Sa) Yo say me tcceanvan sry oavalyce a foi ciel soy Aba cab lor bi Reads gcc) al. PASESe The eS ba ROWS: jokes Lk ade EEL be rani te ivan heme 5 merle) 45 gyvimsucente hie bes 32. Plants with more or less developed indument .......8.0082-8- 34, Plants 10—20cm high; flowers in loose cymes; pedicels 2—6cm LSEES oe Aa RNa tall TER Ss ai ll an ater Me 33. M. stricta (Sw.) Hiern. Plants 3—7 cm high, densely or loosely cespitose; flowers solitary orionly terminal,or both terminal, and axillary o!a (5 rt sheer. +. 3) emer oman s 33. Leaves ca. 3mm long; seeds black, rugose, dull (Chukchi area of the PE ENC eich at ays op'ee mst 34. M. elegans (Cham. et Schlecht.) Schischk. Leaves 3—6cm long; seeds reddish-brown, almost smooth, shining Mace WASdal)i ge Arewet arin 2 ety ere og tata ra aes 35. M. pusilla Schischk. Calyx commonly reddish; seeds smooth (Arctic region)........... RE ee pian Vi kel taoee, lhe medieval > A.marginata Fenzl, Verbr. Als. (1833) tab. ad p. 18:— A. paniculata! Fenzl, lc: (1833) tabwiad: ps a, = Avie ositata iHenzls 1. csvle:n dblecoen. ipl Fl. Ross: Vee tie = "Exs.? EPR nor’ 1209; Perennial; stems numerous, woody in lower part, much branched, giving rise to annual flowering branches and sterile shoots and together forming a dense tuft; bearing remnants of dead leaves, procumbent; flowering branches erect, commonly glandular-pubescent, 3—8 cm long; sterile shoots short, densely leafy; leaves narrowly linear to almost subulate, glandular-pilose, more rarely glabrous, 5-12 mm long and 3/4—1 mm broad, very prominently 3-veined beneath, the cauline 2—5 pairs; flowers 1—3 at the end of stem, forming a loose cyme; sepals ovate, short-acuminate, narrowly scarious-margined, prominently 3-nerved, the curvature of the lateral nerves parallel to that of the margin, mostly glandular-pubescent, more rarely glabrous, ca.3mm long; petals equaling to one and a quarter times as long as calyx, rounded-ovate to ovate, abruptly narrowing to a short claw; capsule slightly exceeding calyx; seeds oblong, finely sharp-tubercled, 2/3—3/4mm in diameter. July —August. Rock crevices, glacial moraines, gravelly mountain slopes, and moss- and-lichen and stony tundras in both the arctic and alpine zones. — Arctic: 388 506 all regions; Caucasus: Gr. Cauc.; W.Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Okh., Kamch.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., N. Mong., Dzu.-Kash., N.Am. Described from southern European Alps. Type in London. Note. M.verna is an aggregate species, composed of many races. It is not yet possible, however, to map out properly the distribution of the various races occurring on Soviet territory. In 1815 Ledebour described Arenaria villosa from the Far East,a plant belonging to the aggregate species M.verna. In 1816 Schlechtendal (l.c.) presented Arenaria marginata M.B.from E. Siberia and M. Bieberstein designated it as a new species. In 1830 Bunge described two species from Altai: Arenaria paniculata Bge. from the Chulyshman Valley and A.costata from the mountains of central and western Altai. In 1868 Ruprecht described a variety from the Caucasus under the name Alsine rubella B caucasica Rupr. In fact,Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern. displays great variability over immense areas of the USSR and grows in a wide range of ecological conditions such as the alpine zone, the Arctic region, and mountain steppes. The variability finds expression in seed characters, fruit size, and type of indument. A thorough study of available material relating to the aggregate species Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern. would take a long time and, in view of the strict timetable established for publication of successive volumes of the Flora, it cannot be contemplated. The West European races have been reviewed in great detail by Hayek (in Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. LXXI (1922), p.89-116). He reports for Europe six races which he designates as subspecies. An attempt to break up into varieties Alsine verna growing on the territory of Russia was made by Fenzl (Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, p. 347—350) and later by Regel (Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXV, I (1862) 218—227). 31. M.rubella (Whlb.) Graebn. in Aschers. u. Graebn. Synops. V, 1 (1918) 733.— Alsine rubella Whlb. Fl. Lappon. (1812) 128.— Arenaria rubella Hook. in Curtis, Fl. Londin. (1828) tab.203.— Alsine vernav glacialis Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1841) 350.— Arenaria quadri- valyis*h. Br. in Parry's’ l’Voy.App. (1824) 271.— Ic.: Wahlenb., l.c., t.6. Perennial, densely tufted; stems very slightly weedy and profusely branched in lower part, 3—7cm long, the sterile shoots densely leafy, the flowering ones with few leaf pairs; herbaceous stems more or less glandular-pubescent; radical leaves linear-subulate, subobtuse, 4—7 mm long, 0.3 —0.6 mm broad, glabrous or diffusely glandular -pubescent, 3-nerved beneath; leaves of flowering shoots smaller; flowers solitary or several at the ends of stems; pedicels glandular-pubescent, 2—15 mm long; sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 3—4 mm long, acute, distinctly 3-nerved, commonly glandular -pubescent and reddish-tinged; petals white, shorter than to as long as calyx, broad-ovate, abruptly narrowing to a short claw; capsule 1.5 times as long as calyx; seeds reniform, glabrous, ca.0.5mm long. July— August. (Plate XXVIL Figure 9). Stony tundra and sandy shores in the Arctic region. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z., Arc. Sib., Chuk. Gen. distr.: Arc. Am., Greenland. Described from Lapland. 389 32. M. orthotrichoides Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 674. — Arenaria hirta var.glabrata Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea I (1826) 56, ex parte.— A.glabrata Cham. et Schlecht. ex Mattf.im Beihefte z. Repert. spec. nov. XV (1922) 171 nom., partim. Perennial, densely tufted; stems numerous, not more than 1—2 cm long, glabrate, subimbricately leafy in lower part; leaves linear, acute, 5-6 mm long and 0.6—0.8 mm broad, glabrous or at margin slightly ciliate; flowers solitary, glabrate pedicels 3—4 mm long, scarcely rising above the tuft; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 3mm long, 3-nerved, glabrous; petals broad-ovate, abruptly narrowing at base to a short claw, shorter than to nearly as long as calyx. August. Shores of the Arctic Ocean. — Arctic: Arc. Sib. (Lyakhov Island), Chuk. (Lavrentiya Bay). Endemic. Described from Lavrentiya Bay. Type in Leningrad. Note. It has been impossible to adopt the name of the variety glabrata Cham. et Schlecht. as a specific name since Chamisso and Schlechtendal referred under this name to two different plants: one from Asia, which indeed corresponds to our species; the other from Kamchatka, belonging to Minuartia verna s.l. In Mattfeld's monograph (1. c.) one meets the name 'Arenaria glabrata'' Cham. et Schlecht., but the authorities cited did not mention any such specific name and merely established a variety. 507 Section 7. ALSINANTHE Fenzl in Endl. Gen. pl. (1840) 965; in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 356; Rchb. Repert. Herb. (1841) 205, pro gen., nomen. — alsinanthus Rchb. Handb. (1837) 298, pro gen.non Desv.— Alsine sect. Alsinantheae Rouy et Foucaud, Fl. Fr. III (1896) 265.— Sepals acute or acuminate, 3-nerved, at anthesis; petals shorter than sepals. Glabrous perennial plants with 1-veined leaves. 33. M. stricta (Sw.) Hiern. Journ. of Bot. XXXVII (1899) 320; Mattf. in Beih. Repert. Sp. nov. XV, 174; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1025.— Spergula stricta Sw. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. Stockh. XX (1799) 227.— Alsine stricta Wahlb. Fl. Lapp. (1812) 127; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 357; Turcz. Fl. baic. -dahur. I, 221; Kom., Fl. Kamch. 11,100.— Arenaria uliginosa Chleich. ex DC. in Lam. et DC. Fl. Franc. IV (1805) 786.— A.baicalensis Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2,1 (1840) 127.— A.lapponica Spreng. Syst. II (1825) 402.— A.stricta Wats. Bibliog. Ind. (1878) 98.— Sabulina stricta Rchb. Fl. Germ. excurs. (1832) 789.— Alsinella stricta Sw. Summa Veg. Scand. (1814) 17.— Stellaria stricta Sw. ex Steud., l.c. (1840) 637.— Alsinanthe stricta Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. V (1842) tab. 209, fig. 4935.— Ic.: Rehb., l.c. (1842). Perennial, quite glabrous throughout; stems erect, 10—20 cm long; leaves narrowly linear, 5-10 mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, obtuse, sessile, obscurely veined, with leafy fascicles in their axils; flowers 2—4 in a loose inflorescence at the ends of stems; pedicels 2—6 cm long, filiform; sepals ovate or elliptic, 1.5—3 mm long, acuminate, 3-nerved; petals as long as or scarcely longer than sepals, oblong, obtuse or rounded at apex; capsule 390 ovoid, slightly exceeding calyx; seeds rugose, 0.6 —0.75 mm in diameter. June — August. (Plate XXVIII, Figure We Damp and boggy meadows; also banks of streams.— Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; European part: Kar.-Lap., N. Urals; W.Siberia: Ob, Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Okh. Gen. distr.: N. and Centr. Eur., British Isles, Arc. Am., Greenland. Described from Scandinavia. Type in Stockholm. Note. Seeds of this species have been found in elluvial deposits in Saxony. 508 34. M. elegans (Cham. et Schlecht.) Schischk. comb. nova.— Arenaria elegans Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea I (1826) 57.— Alsine rossii Fenzl, Verbr. Als. (1833) tab. ad. p.18.— A.rossiia@corollina Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 356.— A.ele gans Fenzl, Verbr. Als. (1833) tab.ad p.18.— Minuartia rossii Mattf.in Beih. Repert. spec. nov. XV (1922) 177 quo ad pl. sibir. Perennial, loosely tufted, quite glabrous throughout; stems profusely branched at base, densely leafy, 3—7cm long; leaves trigonous-subulate, fleshy, obtuse, 3mm long and 0.75 mm broad, with small-leaved fascicles in the axils; flowers solitary at the ends of stems and in the axils of upper leaves; pedicels filiform, 8-12 mm long; sepals ovate, 2mm long, acutish, subcarinate at base, obscurely 3-nerved; petals obovate or oblong-cuneate, very slightly shorter to somewhat longer than calyx; capsule ovoid-globular, about equaling calyx; seeds reniform, patterned-rugose, black. July. Tundras. — Arctic: Chuk. Endemic. Described from the shores of Lavrentiya Bay. Type in Berlin; cotype in Leningrad. 35. M. pusilla Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda. V, p. 674. Perennial, glabrous throughout; stems numerous, crowded in a dense tuft 2—3 cm high; leaves narrowly linear, 3-6 mm long, 0.6—0.8 mm broad, subobtuse, 1 -veined, crowded in the lower part of stems, usually with leafy axillary fascicles; flowers solitary at the ends of stems; pedicels 1—2cm long; sepals ovate, 3-nerved, acute or acutish, 2.5mm long; petals narrow- ovate, Shorter than calyx, tapering toward base, obtuse at apex; capsule slightly exceeding calyx, dehiscing nearly to base by 3 valves; seeds reniform, 0.7—0.8 mm long, reddish-brown, lustrous. July— August. River pebbles. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Endemic. Described from plants collected by Sapozhnikov in the Kogalyachan River valley (23 nee 194 3). Type in Leningrad. Section 8. SPECTABILES Fenzl in Endl. Gen. (1840) 965; Mattf. in Beih. Repert. spec. nov. XV, 180.— Wierzbickia Richb. Nomencl. (1841) 205, nom. pro gen.; Deutschl. FI. III (1842) 91.— Calyx cylindric; sepals linear, obtuse, erect at anthesis; staminal glands of outer series globose or very slightly notched at apex; leaves flat or scarcely subterete; seed margin not pectinate. 509 Series 1. Caucasicae Mattf. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. LXII, Beibl. 126 (1921) 32.— Leaves at the tips of sterile shoots densely rosulate, 3—5-nerved at base. 39] 510 36. M. aizoides (Boiss.) Bornm. in Beih. bot. Centralbl. XXXI, Abt. II (1914) 193; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk. I], 2 (1914) 180.— Alsine aizoides Boiss. Diagn. pl. or.ser.I,1 (1842) 47; Fl. Or. 1,672; Rupr. Fl. cauc. 205. — Perennial, densely tufted; stems 5—12 cm long, glandular -pilose, with long sterile shoots at base; leaves short-lanceolate, 5—-10mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, commonly 5-veined, with antrorsely ciliate margin, the axillary fascicles not surpassing the subtending leaves; flowers commonly solitary or else 2 or 3; pedicels slightly longer than calyx; sepals ovate-oblong, 4mm long, glandular-pubescent, obtuse, obscurely 3-nerved; petals oblong, as long as or scarcely longer than calyx; capsule cylindric, 1.5 times as long as calyx; seeds smooth-margined. June—August. Gravelly slopes and rocks in the alpine zone, at altitudes of 2,000— 3,400 m. — Caucasus: Main Range, Dag., E., W., and 8. Transc. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran (Salaran). Described from the mountains of Armenia. Type in Geneva. 37. M. caucasica (Ad.) Mattf.in Asch. et Gr. Synops. V, 1 (1919) 941; Mattf. in Beih. Repert. spec. nov. XV (1922) 184.— Arenaria caucasica Ad. ex Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 354, in syn.— A.pinifolia M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 348.— A.laricifolia M.B.1.c.347, non L.— Alsine pinifolia Fenzl Verbr. Alsin. tab. ad p.46 (1833) et in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 354: Shmal'g., Fl.1,151.— Alsine caucasica Rupr. Fl. cauc.I (1860) 203, non Boiss. (1853).— A.ciliata Schmalh. in Ber.d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. X (1892) 287, ex parte. — Minuartia pinifolia Hand.-Mazz. in Ann. K. K. Hofm. Wien, XXVI (1912) 147; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk.i Kryma II, 2 a (1914) 181.— M. ciliata Woron., 1. c. (1914) 179. Perennial: stems numerous, forming a dense tuft; sterile shoots short, densely leafy; flowering stems 5—15 cm long, glabrous at base, glandular- pubescent above; radical leaves narrowly linear, 2—3 cm long and 0.5— 0.75mm broad, slightly recurved or straight, acute, 3-nerved, the margin ciliolate; cauline leaves resembling the radical but shorter, usually much shorter than internodes; flowers several at the ends of stems; pedicels glandular-pubescent, shorter than calyx; sepals obtuse, 3-nerved, 6—7 mm long, narrowly scarious-margined; petals white, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx. June—September. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 2.) Rocks, stony slopes in the alpine zone, and glacial moraines. — Caucasus: Main Range, mountains of W.,S., and E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Pontic Range. Described from the Caucasus (Main Range). Type in Leningrad. Note. This plant has a very complicated and confused synonymy. It was first known in the literature under the name Arenaria pinifolia. The authority responsible for establishment of this species was thought to be Marschal von Bieberstein. It appears, however, that the epithet pini- folia was applied in Bieberstein's herbarium to a plant that has nothing in common with the Caucasian species and its proper place is among synonyms of Minuartia capillacea (All.) Graebn. The first Russian authority to take note of this plant was Ruprecht (1. c.). Considering the deviation displayed by the plant occurring in the Caucasus, he proposed that it be renamed Alsine caucasica (Adams), This name was published for the first time by Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. (1842) as nomen nudum. 392 1) PLATE XXVIII 1.Minuartia stricta (Sw.) Hiern., flower. — 2,M. caucasica (Ad.) Mattf.— 3. M. macrocarpa (Pursh) Ostenf.,seed.— 4. M. broterana (Trautv.) Woron.— 5. M. arctica (Stev.) Asch. et Gr.— 6. M. biflora (L.) Schinz et Thell., flower. — 7. M. taurica (Stev.) Asch. et Gr., flower.— 8. M. laricina (L.) Mattf., seed. 393 However, when restoring the name coined by Adams, Ruprecht (in 1869) was unaware of the fact that Boissier, in 1853, had described an entirely different plant under the appellation Alsine caucasica. As regards Alsine ciliata described from the alps of Ossetia, we have been able to ascertain, by examining Schmalhausen's authentic specimens, that this species incorporates two different plants, namely Alsine pinifolia and A.imbricata (M.B.) C.A.M., and this fact is reflected in their respective descriptions. The confusion indicated has made it impossible to reinstate Schmalhausen's name, the more so since the accompanying illustration was based on M.imbricata (M.B.)C.A.M. This plant has been reported by various authorities for the Crimean Yaila. Fenzl (1.c.) was first to record it for the Crimea by virtue of a specimen collected by Parreys and he set it up as var.eglandulosa Fenzl. We have unfortunately not had the opportunity to examine Parreys' specimen. Goldie's reports could not be confirmed since the samples identified by him as Alsine pinifolia have been found to belong to another species. No specimen of M.caucasica from the Crimea could be detected in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences, in the Nikitskii Botanical Garden, or in Tiflis. In our opinion, M.caucasica is unlikely to be discovered in the Crimea and we have therefore refrained from including this species in the Crimean flora. Series 2. Laricinae Mattf. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.LXII, Beibl. 126 (1921) 33. — Leaves lanceolate-linear, covered in lower part or throughout with long hairs; seeds fimbriate-pectinate on the back. 38. M. laricina (L.) Mattf.in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. LXII Beibl. 126 (1921) 33 et in Beihefte z. Repert. spec. nov. XV (1922).—Spergula laricina L. Sp. pl. (1753) 441.— Alsine laricina Grantz, Instit. II (1766) 408; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 352; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. Add. p. 12; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. IJ, 186.— A.pilifera Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur.I (1842) 217. — A.verna var.borealis Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1859) 28. — Arenaria laricina Cham. et Schlecht.in Linnaea I (1826) 57. Perennial, prostrate and branched at base; stems ascending, simple, glabrous, 10—20 cm long; leaves linear-subulate, rigid, 8-15 mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, acute to subobtuse, 1-veined, sparsely long-ciliate on the margin and at base, with axillary fascicles; flowers in compact 1—5-flowered terminal cymes; sepals broad-linear, obtuse, 5mm long, scarious-margined, 3-nerved; petals obovate-oblong, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx; capsule cylindric-conical, 1.5—2 times as long as of calyx; seeds disciform, fimbriate-pectinate on the margin. July—August. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 8.) Rocks, stony and sandy slopes, pine forests, shrub thickets, and taluses.— E. Siberia: Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Okh. Gen. distr.: Manchuria, N. Korea. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 513 39. M. macrocarpa (Pursh) Ostenf.in Meddel. om Gronl. XXXVII (1920) 225; Mattf.in Beih. Repert. spec. nov. XV, 195; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1024. — Arenaria macrocarpa Pursh, Fl. Bor. Am.I (1814) 318.— Alsine macrocarpa Fenzl, Verbr. Alsin. (1833) tab. ad p.18; Fenzl, in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1,353; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 98; Hultén, Fl. of Kamitch. II, 80. — Ic.: Hultén 1. c. fig. 9a. 394 514 Perennial, densely tufted; stems profusely branched from base, with rather short densely leafy sterile shoots and prostrate glandular- pubescent flowering stems 2—6cm long; leaves linear, 5—12 mm long and 1—2 mm broad, subobtuse, 3-veined, almost flat, pubescent beneath, dentate- ciliate, the cilia 3—5-cellular; flowers solitary, on glandular-pubescent pedicels 5—13 mm long; sepals linear-oblong, 5-7 mm long and 2—2.5 mm broad, obtuse, glandular-pubescent; petals obovate, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx, rarely slightly exceeding calyx (var.minutiflora Hultén); capsule oblong, 2—2.5 times as long as calyx; seeds disciform, 2—2.5 mm long, the margin fimbriately long-ciliate. July—August. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 3.) Dry tundras and sandy or meadowy slopes of gullies and shores in the Arctic and occasionally the alpine zone. — Arctic: Nov. Z., Polar Urals, Arc. Sib., Chuk., An. (Gizhiga); E. Siberia: Dau. (Sokhondo); Far East: Kamch. Gen. distr.: Ber., Arc. Am., Alaska. Described from Arctic America. 40. M.imbricata (M. B.) Woron. in Opred. rast. Kavk. i Kryma II, 2 (1914) 179; Mattf.in Beih. Repert. spec. nov. XV (1922) 196.— Arenaria imbricata M.B. Fl.taur.-cauc.I (1808) 344.— Alsine imbricata C. A. M. Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 217; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 352; Boiss. Fl. Or.I,672.— Alsine inamoena C.A.M. Verzeichn. Pfl. cauc. (1831) 218.— A.imbricata var.inamoena Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 673; Rupr. Fl. Cauc.I (1869) 207. — A.ciliata Schmalh. in Ber. d. Deutsch. bot. Ges., X (1892) 287, ex parte.—Ic.: Schmalh. 1. c. tab. XVII, 1—5. Perennial, densely tufted; stems 5—10cm long, covered with stiff spreading hairs, sometimes with long sterile shoots at base; leaves linear, 5—7 mm long and ca. 1mm broad, 1-veined, acute, the margin densely beset with cilia equaling or exceeding breadth of blade, the axillary fascicles not surpassing the leaf; flowers commonly solitary; pedicels as long as or longer than calyx; sepals linear-oblong, twice as long as calyx; capsule conical, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx; seeds disciform, flat, with pectinately long- fringed margin. June—August. Rocks and stony slopes in the alpine zone, glacial moraines and taluses at altitudes between 2,000 and 3,000m; rarely on shaded rocks near the timberline. — Caucasus: Main Range, E. and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.Kurd. Described from the Main Caucasus Range. Type in Leningrad. 41. M. rhodocalyx (Alb.) Woron. in Fom. and Voron., Opred. rast. Kavk.i Kryma II, 2 (1914) 180; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 394.— Alsine rhodocalyx Alb.in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II, 4 (1894) 255.— M.imbricata Mattf. in Beih. Repert. spec. nov. XV, 196, ex parte. — Ic.: Alb.1.c., tab. XIII. Perennial, loosely tufted; stem glabrous, only at the very summit glandular; leaves linear, 5-12 mm long and ca. 1mm broad, glabrous, long- ciliate in lower part, 1-veined or at base 3-veined, with axillary leaf fascicles; flowers solitary or in pairs at the end of stem; pedicels 2—3 times as long as or more rarely equaling calyx, covered with spreading glandular violet-tinged hairs; sepals ovate, 5mm long, obscurely 3-nerved, obtuse, glandular-pubescent, often violet-tinged like the pedicels; petals white, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx; seeds disciform, with fimbriate- pectinate margin. August—September. 395 515 Rocks, often calcareous, in the alpine zone and glacial moraines, at altitudes between 2,700 and 3,000 m. — Caucasus: W. part of the Main Range (Mt. Fisht, Gagry Massif — Abrinka-Khvatsyrkha Pass, Bol'shoi Urushtenskii Glacier). Endemic. Described from Mt. Fisht. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. 42. M.brotherana Woron. In Opred. rast. Kavk.i Kryma II, 2 (1914) 179.— Stellaria brotherana Trautv.Increm. Fl. Ross. I.(1882) 129. — Arenaria brotherana Trautv.1.c.(1882) 127 et in A.H. P. VIII (1883) 151; Boiss. Suppl. 115; Williams, Revis. Aren. 375; Voron. in Fom. and Voron., Opreds bc, hei). Perennial, forming rather small dense pulvinate mats; sterile shoots prostrate; flowering stems ascending, pubescent, 1—4 cm long; leaves imbricated, oval, ca.3 mm long and 1—1.5 mm broad, pubescent, with long - ciliate margins, obtuse, flat above, convex and without perceptible veins beneath; flowers, solitary, terminal, subsessile; sepals oblong, ca.3 mm long, obscurely 3-nerved, dilated in lower part; petals oblong-spatulate, 1.5 times as long as calyx; capsule oblong, about twice as long as calyx; seeds ca. 1mm long, with pectinate-ciliate margin. August (Plate XXVIII, Figure 4.) Glacial moraines at about 3,000m.— Caucasus: Gr. Cauc., at the Mamison Glacier, Gezevtsik, sources ofthe Rion River at Gurshevi. Endemic. Described from the Main Caucasus Range (Mamison Glacier). Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Biflorae Mattf.in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. LXII, Beibl. 126 (1921) 33. — Leaves linear-subulate, covered with short hairs; seeds smooth or finely rugulose, not pectinate-ciliate. 43. M. arctica (Stev.) Asch. et Gr. Synops. V, 1 (1918) 772; Mattf. in Beih. Repert.spec. nov. XV, 199; Kryl., Fl: Zap. Sib. V; 140235 —.A re nasi arctica Stev. ex Ser.in DC. Prodr.1I (1824) 404.— A.muscorum Fisch. in DC. 1. c. (1824) 409.— Alsine arctica Fenzl, Verbr.d. Als. tab. ad p.18 (1833); in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 355; Turcez. Fl. baic.-dahur. I, 218. Perennial, the flowering stems and sterile shoots forming dense tufts; flowering stems 5—9cm long, simple, glandular-pubescent, commonly 1- or more rarely 2-flowered; leaves glabrous, more rarely sparsely covered with short glandular hairs,on sterile shoots narrowly linear, convex and veinless beneath, 6—16 mm long and ?/,—11/, mm broad, the upper cauline shorter and broader, obtuse; sepals oblong-linear to oblong-ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, glandular-pubescent, often purple-tinged, 5—7 mm long; petals about twice as long as calyx; capsule 1.5—2 times as long as calyx; seeds reniform, bluntly tuberculate, 1—1.5mm in diameter. July—August. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 5.) Stony tundra, waterside slopes, rocks, and rock streams in the alpine and Arctic zones. — Arctic: Arc. Eur. (?), Nov. Z. (?), N. Urals, Arc. Sib., Chuk., An. (Gizhiga); W. Siberia: Alt., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Sakh.; Centr. Asia: Tarb. Gen, distr.: N. Mong., N. Am., Ber. Described from Arctic Siberia. Type in Geneva. 396 516 44, M.biflora (L.) Schinz et Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. VII (1907) 407; Mattf. in Beih. Repert. spec. nov. XV, 201; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1027; Hultén, Fl. Kamtch, II, 79.— Stellaria biflora L.Sp. pl. (1753) 422, — Cerastium biflorum Crantz, Inst. II (1766) 402.— Alsine biflora Wahlb. Fl. Lapp. (1812) 128; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 355.— A.biflora Bcarnosula Fenzl! in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 356; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 99. — Alsinella biflora Swartz, Summ. Veg. Scand. (1841) 17.— Arenaria sajanensis Willd. in Schlecht. Berl. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Mag. VII (1816) 200. — A.polygonoides Bocculta Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 408.— A.occulta Fisch. ex Ser. in DC.,1.c. (1824), nom.— A.scandinavica Spreng., Syst. II (1825) 402.— Sabulina biflora Rchb. Fl. germ. excurs. (1832) 790. — A.stenopetala Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1838) 39, nom. nud. — Alsina occulta Fisch. ex Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. I (1842) 219. — Alsinanthe biflora Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. V (1842) t. 202, £.4939. — Alsinopsis sajanensis Cockerell Am. Nat. XI (1906) 864.— Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. germ. t. 202, f. 4939. Perennial; stems erect, 3—7cm long; leaves narrowly linear, 6—10 mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, acute, convex or bluntly keeled and veinless beneath, glabrous except for short cilia at base, the cauline shorter and broader; flowers 1—3 at ends of stems; pedicels 2—12 mm long; sepals oblong-ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, covered with short glandular hairs, 3—4 mm long; petals oblong, as long as or slightly longer than calyx, very rarely up to 1.5 times as long; capsule 1.5 times as long as calyx; seeds globular -reniform, smooth or slightly rugulose, 2/3—3/4 mm in diameter. June— August. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 6). Rocks, stony slopes, and meadows in the Arctic and alpine zones. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z., Arc. Sib., Chuk., An. (2); European part: N. Urals (Kosvinskii Kamen); W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say, Dau.; Far East: Kamch. (Anauna River); Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. (rarely). Gen. distr.: Arc. Scand., N. Finland, Arc. Am., Ber., Greenland, N. Mong. Described from Lapland alps. Type in London. Genus 471. AMMODENIA* PATRIN ** Patrin ex J. G. Gmelin Fl. Sib. IV (1769) 160; Rupr. Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reichs II (1845) 225.— Honkenya Ehrh. Beitr. II (1788) 181.— Halianthus Fries, Fl. Hall. (1817) 75.—Adenarium Rafin. in Desv. Journ. phys. LXXXIX (1818) 249. Flowers small, unisexual, the plants dioecious; sepals 5; petals 5; stamens 10; styles 3, rarely 4 or 5; capsule globose, subbaccate, fleshy, dehiscing by 3 valves. Herbaceous, glabrous, fleshy plants; leaves opposite, sessile, exstipulate. B17 § : ; ; e 1. A. peploides (L.) Rupr. Fl. Samojed. Cisural. in Beitr. Pflzk. Russ. Reichs. II (1845) 25; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 97; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. I, 495.— Arenaria peploides L.Sp. pl. (1753) 423. — Alsine peploides Craniz, Instit. II (1766) 406.— Honkenya peploides Ehrh. Beitr. II (1788) 181; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 358; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,153; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1028.— Halianthus peploides * From Greek ammos,sand, and aden, a gland, referring to the glandular structures of the flower. & 8 § ** Treatment by S. G. Gorshkova. 397 518 Fries, Fl. Hall. (1817) 75.— Arenarium peploides Rafin. Am. Monthly Mag. (1818) 266.— Minuartia peploides Hiern. in Journ. of Bot. XXXVII (1899) 332.— Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. V, 213, f. 3670; Hegi Ill. Fl. Mitt. -Eur. Ill, 404, f.616, et t. 106 f.10.— Exs.: HFR no. 308. Perennial; stems sprawling, branched, occasionally erect, to 25cm long; leaves ovate, lanceolate, or oblong, elongate (var.oblongifolia Fenzl), 9mm-—3 cm long and 4-15 mm broad, fleshy, subacute, more or less thickened; flowers solitary in leaf axils and in forks of stems, unisexual, dioecious sepals oblong-ovate, acute, 5-7 mm long and 2mm broad; petals white, obovate, with elongated claws, in staminate flowers as long as or longer than calyx, in pistillate shorter; pistil with ovoid ovary and 3 styles, in staminate flowers abortive; seeds large, rounded, more or less compressed, finely granular, blackish-brown. June—July. (Plate XXVI, Figure De Moss-and-lichen tundra, riverbanks, and Seashores. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib.; European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., V. -Kama; Far East: Kamch., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen.distr.: Scand., Jap.-Ch. (N. part). Described from Europe (N. part). Type in London. L. Gen. pl. ed. 1 (1737) 133. Petals and sepals 5; stamens 5 or 10; styles mostly 3, rarely 2 or 4; nectariferous disk more or less developed; capsule dehiscing by 6 apical teeth; seeds many or 1. Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes woody at base. Russian name: peschanka [from pesok, sand]. ere OTITIS et W alti Aes uaus wae: vite a: Feb) Sgdakeced bpheiealt> fl ouc sae, OE orp ore hy) wAMnuUalsS Of DETMTAS 5 aie uetpey,< psmieths: spades ap causnty = We weber ee cies ioeiie ee ae 34. 2. Capsule 1-seeded; stamens 5, alternating with 5 staminodes (Zaisan IDR SHO) As ee 1 Ls Ree ek, Stary Abs St i 28. A. potaninii Schischk. #4 LCapsulle manyaseeded, . Kiedy cb SORA) SOk. ce eee ee ee 5 oe joe 3st. Leaves narrowly linearsor subulates Faget. Yerkes ot, Ale Sek ae mop ae eaves orbicular: jovial; oriovatey 4 sicikas elias rank tee mace 4.) oan 30. 4, Pedicels very short; flowers crowdedinacompactterminalhead ... 5. +" Pedicels rather long; flowers in a loose inflorescence -) 3. eis... sere 6. 5. Bracts broad, terminating in long point; petals oblong-linear, 2—3 times asilonsia's)\calyxs(?ranscaucasial) paehicw.ls Sirens < 1, A.dianthoides Sm. + Bracts subulate; petals obovate, slightly longer than calyx (Ukraine)... SEIN, CERAM RTA Se Pe ae AT? feabc as Regt ro Loe gH Aaa Nae ba 2. A.cephalotes M. B. 6. Flowering stems to 20cm long; leaves 0.5—7 cm long; plants rather densely tuited,) sometimes pulvinates Giswe Gy. sume aye ae) ene eee ie + Stems solitary or several, 20—50cm long; leaves 7—20cm long ....17. ey ‘Axilaryetaccicles present iv. (fetes eee: se wee nhs 27. A. griffithii Boiss. Fo tAxillanyofasereles) wanting it) ates atk inate aS ed ae or eee a 3.” Radical leaves. 3—7 enr Vong; ‘catiline 2=2.5iemilone \.is.8)% . ae one 9. +i) RadicalWeaves\055-—3) cm long scauline! 5 Jami Longe.) a4.. eo eee 1 9. Nectariferous glands absent (Caucasus) 32). 2 ae 18. A.lychnidea M. B. + Each of the 5 stamens with a gland at base (Siberia) ’:'....17 4 Jae 10. * From Latin arena, sand. ** Treatment by B. 1. Shishkin and O. E. Knorring. 398 10% Leaves of sterile shoots subobtuse or acute, not subulate -tipped; See MMA LONG Srl. swiss Lid evel levis Pare) he 17. A. formosa Fisch. Leaves of sterile shoots terminating in a subulate point; sepals Eyre ee MTNA OTR Aw es “ls. 5 alurs cepa hye waged tw Pag doer at ape ayn 19. A.capillaris Poir. Sepa le obtuse, (Mate Mast) sick Boles khan ders 22. A.tschuktschorum Rgl. SSO er SmeOMTM GAP gona ce ant gta. opeeee opty i). eyed gabe rahe Mamei ahd le. « i Pedicelswand sepals olandularcpubeScents oS tuiwpei b) alienate whine oe Sie Peel mnGescpals) SVaDrOUS fs) /j his er ala ote wie a5) a a) ey, Awe dbs be hae 14, Radical leaves; or Gmmp long jah Ge aera) fe a, 2 A. ferganica Schischk. eckie allen vieSa le 3 Gril AONE i sp-kuee baal oooh hetero mike Payee ere A. meyeri Fenzl. ecmeaimleavies pavemin hone), Cust Tans sim atgck E sty tine Mankindet fepertetetls hom 165 RAchiealeLeaVmeSeOr sO! may LOM diielyaigthiroy efmayrneniyd het plist crore Meceslbdy digs career le oe 16, Flowering stems 15—25cm long; leaves spiny (Kopet Dagh) ........ mi votre dents la E.ctopboe ate). esmad hele opraramedle ) nz pay sesh A cs wets a wns snre storable oar Ye 25. A.ledebouriana Fenzl. Radical leaves 1.5—3cm long; cauline 10—17cm long; sepals ca.4mm leamesAN@eminal ANSia)ciah. cay at ls bene Alethes a 6 26. A. paulsenii Winkl. Weatisheathe? 4>— Woinarn: Mong ny irawh fi whol wreeliaes) mia Geel! sie Bool. whale «4 18. eat sheaths |0,.5—2 mi lonclanjae’y) aim icdtale elasthed Vaaitweiaie «> os Leaf sheaths 4-6 mm long; sepals 5—7 mm long; petals 7-12 mm long MIERS tienes reich os PEt adiln meteor: WET aby ah covers Sarthe 16. A.juncea M. B. Leaf sheaths 6—12 mm long; sepals 6-—7mm long; petals 15—-17mm Tone ai wnies Be. Pewasiepe cero a des Alas ee: eh 15. A. cucubaloides Smith. Sepals acute or acuminate or tapering to an obtuse point......... 20) Sepalstrounded ait apexorsobtuser gars a leticeso seal seer ll, leds mie be othe 26, Pepalicko=MOmanan longs (@aucasus): ... 5.056 ce eb ea da ew ees 21, Sepals sonia) Wome.) 2 bit wet we oh beh Dasteurs Ale ewais QUE. uate Re oie ie 23. Pedicelsiolandular pubescent). )iwam. with a2!)a ted . 5. A. szowitsii Boiss. Reduicelsvolabroisy Qh) wk, Moves. erat s SORES cued - Katee. 22. Stem scaberulous in lower part (S. Transc.) .. 6. A.macrantha Schischk. Plants glabrous throughout (Dagestan).......... 4, A.holostea M. B. Petals as long as or scarcely longer than calyx; inflorescence rather compact, ovoid (SW of Eur. part of the USSR)....... 8. A.rigida M. B. Petals 1.5—2.5 times as long as calyx; inflorescence loose (Siberia and @aucasus) te wloped. -< Bare ecwiais nao eee PAE alee ll 4 dia pte cb ae 24, Sepals 3—3.5 mm long (Alitaiie ite Gh Peel cee 12. A.asiatica Schischk. Sepalanet5 5 mimilone (Caucasus)! !)..hou! Relves waball i wk—a: A bluish-green densely tufted undershrub, with numerous shoots from base; stems numerous, ascending, 15—20cm long, glabrous; all leaves rigid, spreading, subulate, channeled, with revolute margins, serrulate, tapering to a spiny point; radical leaves 1—1.5cm long; radical 5—9mm long; flowers in cymes of 2—5; pedicels glabrous, 8—12 mm long; bracts lanceolate; sepals ovate, 3.5—4 mm long and 1.5—2 mm broad; petals ovate, 5.5—7 mm long, twice as long as calyx. July. Rock streams and outcrops. — Arctic: Chuk. Endemic. Described from the Chukchi Peninsula (banks of the Filippovka and Kolyma rivers). Type in Leningrad. 23. A.ferganica Schischk. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS. XXIV (1932). 315 = Wes: Sehisehkalic.432). Perennial, with a multicipital taproot, forming pulvinate mats with numerous remnants of marcescent leaves, sparsely pubescent in upper part; stems 6—9cm long, glandular-pubescent; radical leaves rigid, linear- lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, 5-6 mm long, smooth, the margin ciliolate; flowers in groups of 1—3; pedicels glandular-pubescent; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 3.5—5 mm long, Scarious-margined; sepals ovate-lanceolate, green at center, white-margined, 4—6 mm long, glandular-pubescent; petals ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 times as long as calyx. August. Rocks and rock streams in the mountain zone. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Alai Range (Isfairam River basin, Austem River). Type in Leningrad. 24. A.insignis Litw. Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sc. Petersb. III (1907) 106. — Exs.: H. F. A.M.no. 463. Perennial, forming dense spiny pulvinate mats, stems 15—25 cm long, smooth, somewhat spreading; sterile branches densely leafy; radical leaves rigid, linear, subtrigonous, spinescent, 5—7 mm long, 1mm broad; cauline very small, 3—5 mm long, connate at base into a sheath; bracts leaflike, 3—3.5mm long; cymes 1—3-flowered; pedicels commonly erect, 1—2.5cm long, glabrous; sepals glabrous, lanceolate, 3.5—4 mm long, obscurely nerved, the keel produced into a point, the margin membranous; petals white, ovate-oblong, obtuse, 1.5 times as long as calyx. June. (Plate XXX, Figure 7). Rocks and stony mountain slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from the Bazikayanov Range in Turkmenia on the Iranian border and from the vicinity of Ashkhabad. Type in Leningrad. 535 *25. A.ledebouriana Fenzl in Russeng. Reis. II (1841) 93; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 696; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 397. — Ic.: Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. (1854) 247. Perennial, densely tufted; stems 10—20cm long; leaves of sterile shoots crowded, setaceous, rigid, 8—12 mm long, serrulate; cauline leaves 5—9mm long,awn-pointed; inflorescence corymbiform, many-flowered; sepals oblong, acute, 2.5—3 mm long, narrowly scarious-margined; petals 5—6 mm long, oval, twice as long as calyx. July. 410 536 Mountains. — Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Trebizond in Anatolia. Note. Apparently not occurring in the USSR. Reported by Boissier and by Grossheim for Armenia from Nordman's collections, but the plants concerned were collected outside USSR territory. 26. A. paulsenii H. Winkler in Kjob. Vidensk. (1903) 107.— A. Litwi- nowii Schischk. in Trav. Mus. Bot. 1'Acad. Sc. URSS XXIV (1932) 33. — ie) El, Winkkl,.. ly ¢.;.sehischk.,. lve. dig... Perennial, woody at base, loosely tufted; flowering stems erect, 10—25 cm long, slender, glabrous; radical leaves setaceous, thin, subulate- acuminate, 10—17mm long, smooth; flowers in groups of 2 or 3 forming a corymbiform inflorescence; pedicels 13—20mm long; bracts lanceolate, 1.5mm long, green at center, white-margined; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4mm long and 2mm broad, green at center, with a white scarious margin; petals oblong, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx. July. Southern slopes in the high-mountain zone. — Centr. Asia: SW part of T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Alai Range (Sofi-Kurgan), at altitudes of about 2,400m. Cotype in Leningrad. 27. A. griffithii Boiss. Diagn. Ser. II, I (1854) 89; Fl. Or.I, 697; B. Fedtsch. in A.H. P.XXIIl,474 and 247.— A.glaucescens H. Winkl. in Kjob. Vidensk. (1903) 107. — Exs.: H. F. A.M. no. 121. Perennial, with a stout taproot, loosely tufted, suffrutescent at base with numerous woody shoots; flowering stems spreading, prostrate, 10—20 cm long, glabrous in lower part, pubescent above; leaves of sterile shoots setaceous-subulate, spreading, clasping at base, 7—9mm long; median cauline leaves 8—12 mm long, subulate-linear, elongate-acuminate, the upper 3—4 mm long, shorter than internodes; flowers in cymes of 5—7 forming a corymbiform inflorescence; pedicels glandular-pubescent, 8—14 mm long; bracts 2—3.5mm long, lanceolate, green at center, the margins white- membranous; sepals 3—5 mm long, ovate, acuminate, green at center, glandular-pubescent, the margin ciliolate; petals obovate, white or pinkish, wavy-margined, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx. June—July. (Plate XXX, Figure 6). Stony slopes and open juniper woods in the mountain zone. — Centr. Asia: Pam. Al. Gen. distr.: Afghanistan. Described from Afghanistan (Mt. Kuh-i- bab, at an altitude of about 1,800m). Type in Geneva. Subgenus 2. MONOGONE (Maxim.) Schischk. — Section Monogone Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XXVI (1880) 436. — Stamens 5, opposite petals, alternating with 5 staminodes; ovary containing 2 ovules; capsule 1-seeded. 28. A. potaninii Schischk.nom. nov.— A.pentandra Maxim.in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XXXVI (1880) 430 et in Mélange Biolog. X, 580, non aliorum; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1934. — Ic.: Maxim. Enum. Pl. mongol. (1889) tab. 6. Undershrub with a stout taproot, woody from base, with much branched caulescent shoots, 20—30 cm high; radical leaves in numerous basal clusters, 2.5—4 cm long, thick, subulate, acuminate, with revolute margins; cauline leaves 10—12 mm long, two-thirds as long as to equaling internodes; 41] 537 538 flowers in loose cymes; pedicels glabrous, 1—2 cm long; bracts lanceolate, scarious, with a green keel, 2.5—3 mm long; sepals lanceolate, 4—4.5mm long, broadly scarious-margined; petals obovate, rounded at apex, slightly longer than calyx; stamens 5, alternating with 5 staminodes; capsule 1-seeded. June—July.(Plate XXX, Figure 1). Rocks. — W. Siberia: Alt. (village of Malokrasnoyarskoe on the Irtysh River); Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb.(Mt. Kichkine-tau near Zaisan). Endemic. Described from Mt. Kichkine-tau. Type in Leningrad. Subgenus 3. EUTHALIA Fenzl in Endl. Gen. (1840) 967 et in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 368. — Sepals not becoming indurated at base, 1—3-nerved; leaves lanceolate, ovate, or suborbicular. Series 1. Humifusae Schischk. — Perennials; sepals 1-nerved; petals 1.25 or 1.5—2 times as long as calyx. Arctic plants. 29. A. humifusa (Swartz) Whlb. Fl. lapp. (1812) 129; Nordhagen in Bergens Museums Arb.I (1935) 24.—Stellaria humifusa Swartz ex Whlb., l.e.—Arenaria ciliata var.humifusa Hartm. Scand. Fl. ed.4 (1843).— A.norvegica var.humifusa E. Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. (1846) 158. — A.cylindrocarpa Fernald in Rhodora (1914) 43.—Ic.: Lindm. Svensk. Fanerogamfl. (1918) 244. Perennial, densely or loosely matted; underground stems creeping, slender, brittle; flowering branches ascending, 0.5—15 cm long, pubescent or glabrous, 1—4-flowered; leaves imbricate or more or less divergent, lanceolate or oblanceolate or oblong, 2—10mm long and 0.5—2 mm broad, fleshy, subacute, glabrous, obscurely 1-veined; sepals oblong, obtuse to acutish, obscurely 1-nerved, without a scarious margin, in fruit closely appressed to capsule; petals narrowly oblong, as long as calyx; anthers carneous; capsule cylindric, slightly exceeding calyx; seeds 0.6—0.7 mm long, dark brown, shining, obscurely rugose. July. European part: Kar.-Lap.(Fasker-Khal'ven). Gen. distr.: Scand., W. Greenland, N. Am., Labrador, British Columbia. Described from Lille-Tokin. Type in Stockholm. 30. A. pseudofrigida (Ostenf. et Dahl) Juz. in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. — A.ciliata subsp.pseudofrigida Ostenf. et Dahl in Nyt. Magaz. LV (1917) 217.— A.ciliata var.frigida Kjellm. et Lundstr. Fanerogam. fr. Nov.Seml. Vega Exp. Vet. Jaklt.1 (1882) 311.— A. ciliata Fenzl in Ldb. EFlRossil;370; non Iu: Perennial, densely matted; stems prostrate, profusely branched, pubescent, 4—7 cm long; leaves oblong-obovate to obovate, obtuse, 4—5 mm long, the margin ciliolate at base; pedicels pubescent, 2—3 times as long as calyx; sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5—4 mm long, obscurely nerved, sparsely pubescent at base; petals oblong or oval, obtuse, one-third longer than calyx; capsule equaling or sometimes slightly exceeding calyx. July—September. (Plate XXX, Figure 4). Stony tundra. — Arctic: Nov.Z., Vaigach Island; European part: Kar.-Lap. Gen. distr.: Arc. Norway, Spitsbergen, E.Greenland. Described from Arctic Norway. Type in Oslo. 412 039 31. A. redowskii Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea I (1826) 58; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1,370. — Ic.: Rgl. et Herd., Reisen sudost. Sibir. (1862) tab. 9. Perennial with slender roots, forming a small tuft; stems slender, delicate, pubescent from base to summit, 6—10cm long; all leaves sessile, oval, 3—5.5mm long, subulate-apiculate, pubescent, ciliate at base; flowers solitary or paired; pedicels pubescent, 2—2.5 cm long; sepals oval- lanceolate, acuminate, broadly scarious-margined, 3—4 mm long; petals obovate, rounded at apex, 6mm long, 1.5—2 times length of calyx. July. E. Siberia: Lena-Kol., Far East: Okh., Endemic. Described from the Far East. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Rotundifolia Schischk. — Perennials; petals shorter than or as long as calyx; sepals 1-nerved. Glabrous plants. 32. A. rotundifolia M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc.1 (1808) 314; Fenzl in Ldb. FI. HOSssel 360 Boiss sHljOri, 700; (Grosse. jFliKavk. ls 3953 Eouwiihnaduva rotundifolia Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 220.— A.ovalifolia Som. et Lev. in A.H. P. XIII (1893) 40; Grossg., 1. c.,395.— A.rotundifolia var. colchica Alb. Prodr. Fl. colch. (1895) 36. Perennial with slender fibrous roots, loosely tufted, divaricately branched from base; stems creeping, 5—20cm long; leaves suborbicular, 5—6 mm long, 4—5 mm broad, short-petioled; flowers in cymes of 5—9; pedicels Sparingly pubescent, 4—7 mm long; sepals 2.5—3 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, 1-nerved, green, with a white margin (var.flaccida Rupr. — pedicels longer than calyx; sepals more acute); petals 2—3 mm long, shorter than to equaling calyx. June—July. (Plate XXX, Figure 3). Damp meadows in the subalpine and alpine zones. — Caucasus: Gr. Cauc., Dag., W., E., and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: As. Min. Described from the Kaimaur Mountains. Type in Leningrad. 33. A. turkestanica Schischk. in Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS. Ser. 1, III (1936). Perennial; stems 5—20cm long, glabrous, loosely tufted, divaricately branched from base, creeping; leaves suborbicular, 5—6mm long and 4—5mm broad, with a very short petiole; flowers in cymes of 5—9; pedicels glabrous; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3—4 mm long, narrowly white-margined, with a green keel. July. Taluses and gravel screes in the alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al., Dzu.-Tarb. Described from the Gissar Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. A species closely related to A.rotundifolia and replacing it in Central Asia. Distinguishable by its larger calyx and always glabrous pedicels. Series 3. Serpyllifoliae Schischk. — Annuals; sepals 3-nerved; petals shorter than calyx. 34. A.serpyllifolia L. Sp. pl. (1753)423; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 168; Boiss PLyOrii) 101; Shmal'en Wh. 1n)53y Krylaek lj Zap. Sib: V71034s.Shishkin in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,265.— Euthalia serpyllifolia Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 220.— A.Wallichiana Ser.in DC. Prodr. I, (1824) 411. — Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. V, tab. 216. — Exs.: HFR no. 1560. Annual with slender roots; stems divaricately branched, 5—25 cm long, glandular-pubescent or eglandular with short hairs (var.scabra Fenzl), 413 54 or leaves, pedicels, and calyx glandular-pilose (var.viscida DC.); leaves subsessile, ovate-acuminate, 4—7 mm long, 2—3 mm broad; flowers in cymes; pedicels 6—8 mm long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, distinctly 3-nerved, 3—4.5mm long, 1—1.5mm broad, broadly white-margined; petals two-thirds as long as calyx; capsule ovoid, slightly exceeding calyx. May—September. Exposed places, stony slopes, fields, and near dwellings. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W. and E. Transc., Tal.; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.- Tarb., Kara K., Mtn. Turkm., Syr D., Pam.-Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Centr. Euro., Bal.-As. Min., Jap.-Ch., N. Am. Described from Europe. Type in London. 35. A.leptoclados Guss. Fl. Sic. II (1844) 824; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 701; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIII (1898) 367; Aschers. et Graebn. Syn. V, I (1919) 495; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 395; Shishkin in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 260. — A.serpyllifolia var.tenuior Koch, Syn. ed.I (1837) 422.—Ic.: Sowerby et Sm. Engl. Bot. Suppl. V (1863) t. 2972. — Exs.: Fl. Ital. exsic. no. 254. Biennial; stem slender, pubescent, 5—15 cm long; leaves ovate, acuminate, subsessile, 3—5 mm long; flowers in cymes of 5—9; pedicels 4—7 mm long, sepals pubescent, ovate-acuminate, 3mm long; petals one-third as long as calyx; capsule very slightly enlarged at base, subcylindric, equaling calyx. July. Dry sandy places. — Caucasus: W. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Ch., Afr. Described from Sicily. Type in Naples. Note. Very closely related to A.serpyllifolia, with a more southerly distribution area. The two species are linked by various transitional forms. A.leptoclados is characterized by shorter petals and capsule as long as calyx. Genus 473. MOEHRINGIA* L. L. Syst. ed. 2 (1740) 22; Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 170, Sepals 5; petals 5, entire, white; stamens 10; styles 3; ovary unilocular, containing numerous ovules; capsule dehiscing by 6 recurved valves; seeds smooth, shining, with a pectinate appendage at the hilum, this sometimes extending over one-third of the seed circumference. Perennial herbs with a weak stem and elliptic or ovate leaves. 1. Petals much shorter than calyx; lower leaves with petioles about as lonpias :bladesscariousrbractsiwanting spi een ee ee eee cee ES, INL, CRE L Baty MMR ER eg aan ia ieee . 1, M. trinervia (L.) Clairv. + Petals 2—3 times as long as calyx; all leaves sessile or the lower with avery Short petiole Paria si: CREAMER ARES 54. SEEN es Rais: <<, Bakes a ete 2. Sepals acute or acuminate; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; peduncles 1-flowered, ebracteate ...... 4, M.umbrosa (Bge.) Fenzl. * Named for the scientist Paul Heinrich Gerhard Moehring of Oldenburg,a contemporary of Linnaeus (1710— 1798). 414 + Sepals obtuse; leaves elliptic or oblong; peduncles often 2-flowered; Pecigels with a. Smaall HraACteOlSs Gus ins f= psiPsiiapien sie Be Pey wi KP aileyieig® Wipm felsncense 3. 3. Stems 5—20cm long; leaves of sterile shoots equaling those of flowering stems; bracts scarious....... 2. M. lateriflora (L.) Fenzl. + Stems 40—60cm long; leaves of sterile shoots 2—4 times as long as those of flowering stems; bracts Scarious only on the margin........ Pea Rte Foc SR- 0h: Voges staal roeey Batons iomyd- fens) bed Ses cane 3. M. elongata Schischk. 1. M.trinervia (L.) Clairv. Man. Herb. (1811) 150; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. odds shimal's,, Hl. 1,155; Kryl.5.Fl. Zap. Sib..V,1036.— Arenania trinervia L., Sp. pl. (1753) 423.— Alsine trinervia Crantz, Inst. II (1766) 406. — Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, fig. 307, p. 267. Annual or biennial; stems prostrate, ascending, or erect, 10—30cm long, forming a very loose tuft, branched from base, puberulent; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, acute, 3- or more rarely 5-veined, the lower with petioles about as long as blade, the upper subsessile, ciliate at base, on both surfaces glabrous or puberulent, 5—15 (25) mm long, and 3—10 (15) mm broad; flowers solitary, axillary or sometimes also terminal; pedicels slender, 5—25 mm long; sepals lanceolate, 3—4 (4.5)mm long and 1—2 mm broad, acuminate, with a prominent pubescent midrib, the scarious margin ciliate; petals oblong-obovate, two-thirds as long as calyx; capsule globular-ovoid, shorter than calyx, with recurved teeth. May—July. (Plate XXXI, Figure 4). Shady and open woods, groves, scrub, banks of rivulets, and rarely old fields. — European part: almost throughout; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W.and E. Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Alt; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (Minusinsk District); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran., Dzu.-Kash. Described from Europe. Type in London. 2. M. latiflora (itd:,) Fenzl, Verbr. Als. tab. ad. p. 18 (1833) 38; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 371; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. I, 225; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 155; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1036.— M.laterifloraa@typica B intermedia, y glabrescens, 6angustifolia,€ gracilis Rgl.in Bull.Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXV, 1 (1862) 258—260.— M.lateriflora subsp. genuina et subsp. glabrescens Bulavk. in Bull. Jard. bot. princ. URSS, XXV (1926) 26.—Arenaria lateriflora L.Sp. pl. (1753) 423; Harold St. John in Rhodora XIX (1917) 259. Perennial; rootstock slender, more or less horizontal, branched; stems several, erect, simple or branched, 5—20 cm long, hispid; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, 1-2 cm long and 3—10 mm broad, obtuse to subacute, puberulent, with ciliate margin, 1—3-veined, narrowing toward base, sessile; flowers in axillary 1—2 (5)-flowered inflorescences or terminal; pedicels long, bearing 2 bracteoles about the middle; sepals ovate, obtuse, 2—3 mm long, glabrous, with a white scarious margin; petals oblong-obovate, 2—3 times as long as calyx; stamens pubescent at base; capsule ovoid, about twice as long as calyx. May—June. (Plate XXXI, Figure 3). Sparse coniferous and mixed forests, pinewoods, scrub, banks of small rivers, and meadows.— Arctic: An.; European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp., M. Dnp., U. V., V. -Don, V.-Kama, L. Don (NW), Transv.; W.Siberia: all regions; E.Siberia: all regions; Far East: all regions; 415 Cent. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Scand., Jap.—Ch., N. Mong., Ber., N. Am. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 3. M. elongata Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V p.675. Perennial; rootstock slender, branched, giving rise to flowering and sterile shoots; flowering stems 10—15 cm long, minutely hispidulous, rather densely leafy; leaves ovate or elliptic, 2—2.5cm long and 0.8—1.2 cm broad, obtuse to subacute, puberulent, sparingly ciliate on the margin, with a prominent midrib and 5—7 obsolescent lateral veins, narrowing toward base, sessile, longer than corresponding internodes; flowering stems several, ascending 40—60cm long, sometimes very slightly branched at summit, glabrous except for the minutely hispidulous summit, delicate, the internodes 4.5—5 cm long; leaves elliptic, 5—10mm long and 2—4 mm broad, acute or obtuse, very much shorter than corresponding internodes; flowers in a few- flowered cyme or solitary at the end of stem; pedicels hispid, 10—22 mm long; bracts lance-linear, 1.5—2 mm long, herbaceous, narrowly scarious- margined; sepals broad-ovate, 2mm long, glabrous, 3-nerved, with a white scarious margin; petals obovate, twice as long as calyx; capsule ovoid, 1.5 times as long as calyx. Fl. August, fr. October. Shaded moss-covered rocks and stones. — Far East: Uss. (upper reaches of the Suputinka River and the village of Lunza). Endemic. Described from the Suputinka River. Type in Leningrad. 542 4, M.umbrosa (Bge.) Fenzl, Verbr. Als. tab. ad p. 18 (1833) 38; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 372, excl. nonnul. syn.; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib., V, 1037. — Arenaria umbroSsa Bge.in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 173.— Moehringia lateriflora var.umbrosa Rgl.in Bull.Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXV (1862) 260.—Ic.: Ldb.Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. IV, tab. 322. Perennial; rootstock more or less horizontal, long, branched; stems several, erect, slightly branched, 10—20 cm long, puberulent; lower leaves ovate-oblong, subobtuse; median lanceolate to lance-linear, 2—4 cm long and 3—6(10) mm broad, acute, subsessile, 3-veined, the margin and midrib hispid; flowers solitary, axillary and terminal; pedicels long, slender, scabrous, ebracteolate; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3(—5)mm long and 1— 1.5mm broad, acute, glabrous, the margin white scarious; petals oblong- obovate, 2—2.5 times as long as calyx; stamens pubescent at base; capsule ovoid, 1.5 times as long as calyx, with recurved teeth. June—July. (Plate XXXI, Figure 2). Rocks and stony slopes, shady mountain forests,often near the timberline.— W.Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh. Endemic. Described from Altai (Chechulikha, Aleksandrovsk, Gramatukha near Riddersk [Leninogorsk]. Type in Leningrad. 545 Fisch. ex Cam. et Schlecht. in Linnaea I (1826) 59. Sepals 5, persistent; petals 5, white, about as long or slightly exceeding calyx; stamens 10; styles 3; capsule globose, inflated, with 6 deep furrows, dehiscing into 3 parts corresponding to the locules. * Named for Karl Merck, who participated in Billings' expedition to East Siberia (1786-1793). ** Treatment by O.A.Murav'eva. 416 1, Merckia physodes (D.C.) Fisch., flower, capsule. - 2. Moehringia umbrosa (Bge.) Fenzl, seed. — 3. M.lateriflora (L.)Fenzl.— 4. M.trinervia (L.) Clairv.,seed. —5. Scleranthus annuus L,, flower. — 6. S.perennis L., ovary, flower.—7.S.uncinatus Schur, flower. — 8. Thyla- cospermum caespitosum (Camb.) Schischk. PLATE XXXI. 417 1. M. physodes (DC.) Fisch. ex Cham. et Schlecht., 1. c. (1826) Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 359; Kom., Fl. Kamch.1I,96.— Arenaria physodes DC. Prodr.I (1824) 413. Perennial; stems prostrate, ascending, 7-15 cm long; leaves 1—1.5cm long and 0.5—1.7 cm broad, opposite, oval or ovate, mucronate, narrowing toward base to short petiole; upper leaves sparsely pubescent on the margin and on the lower side of the midrib; flowers solitary at the ends of stems and of branches; pedicels 1—1.5 cm long, glandular-pubescent; sepals 4—6 mm long, oblong or ovate, spatulately narrowing to a petiole; filaments subulate-filiform, exceeding petals; ovary incompletely 3-loculed, with central placentation; mature capsule 0.5—1 cm in diameter, breaking up into 3 inflated subcoriaceous cells, each with a deep longitudinal furrow and containing a few seeds; seeds dark red or brown, subpyriform, flattened. Fl. and fr. July—August. (Plate XXXI, Figure 1). Sandy seashores, river shallows, and rarely dry meadows. — Arctic: Arc. E. Siberia to the Lena estuary, Chuk., An.; E. Siberia: NE part of Lena-Kol. (Kolyma River); Far East: Kamch., Sakh. (?). Endemic. Described from Merck's specimens collected in Kamchatka. Genus 475. THYLACOSPERMUM * FENZL Fenzl in Endl. Gen. pl. (1840) 967.— Driandra Cambess. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. (1836—39) 27,non DC. — Flourensia Camb.,l.c., tab. 29,non DC. —Bryomorpha Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc, Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 142, — Thylacosperma Lindl. Veg. Kingd. (1847) 498, Calyx of 5 sepals united at base, turbinate; petals 5, entire; stamens 10, adnate to sepals, with minute glands at the base of filaments; styles 3; capsule compressed-globular, attenuate toward base, unilocular, dehiscing by 6 teeth; seeds reniform. 1. T. caespitosum (Camb.) Schischk. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Ross. IX (1932) 90.— Periandra caespitosa Camb.in Jacquem. Voyages dans l'Inde (1836—39) 27.— Flourensia caespitosa Camb. ibid., tab. 29.— Bryomorpha rupifraga Kar. et Kir.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 780.— Thylacospermum rupifragum Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. Il (1842) 53.- Arenaria rupifraga Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 780. — Ic.: Camb 1. c., tab. 29. — Exs. HER no. 2972. Perennial, glabrous, densely pulvinate; stems profusely branched at base, woody, densely covered with imbricate leaves; leaves ovate, 2—3.5 mm long and 2—2.5 mm broad, short-acuminate, thickened at apex and along the margins, those of sterile stems longer, ovate-lanceolate; flowers solitary, terminal, subsessile, enveloped by uppermost leaves; calyx tubular at base, the ovate acutish teeth broadly scarious-margined; petals greenish-white, oblong, shorter than calyx; capsule shining; seeds 6. June—July.(Plate XXXI, Figure 8). Rock crevices in the alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Ch., Ind.-Him. Described from the upper reaches of the Yurpo River (India, Kanoar). Type in Paris. Economic importance. The woody pulvinate mats are sometimes used for fuel. 546 * From Greek thylacos, sac, and sperma, seed, 418 Tribe 2. SCLERANTHEAE Vierh. in Oesterr. botan. Zeitschr. XVII (1 907) 41,91.—Sclerantheae St. Hil. in Bull. Soc. philom. (1815) 38, ex parte. — Paronychieae-sclerantheae Juss.in Mém. Mus. Paris II (1815) 386, ex parte.— Apetalae-sclerantheae Link, Enum.I (1821) 417. — Caryophylleae-sclerantheae Endl. Gen. (1840) 962.—Scleran- thoideae Luders. in Engl. bot. Jahrb. XL, Beibl. 91 (1907) 4. — Petals none; ovary l-ovuled; styles 2; micropyle directed upward. Genus 476. SCLERANTHUS * L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 406; Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 190. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft to the middle; sepals acute or obtuse, with white scarious margin, the lower part indurated around the fruit and shed with it; petals none; stamens 10 or fewer, the filaments subulate, the anthers round; styles 2, filiform, stigmas capitate or claviform; fruit 1-seeded, indehiscent [utricle]; seeds lenticular, smooth, with a thin testa; embryo horseshoe-shaped, with radicle pointing upward. Annuals and perennials, with a short stem and opposite linear or setaceous exstipulate leaves. Russian name: Divala. ibs Perennial; sepals obtuse, slightly exceeding filaments, connivent in :PIBUDUTUIE (oid SSSR Geo Geen ae er ea Ree ORS Seale ean ie ae 1. S..perennis L. +e Annual; sepals acute, 2—4 times as long as filaments, divergent RIED Naas alt mee A toate kcgaah, aly Melt cmsy AE cciae: wells ehas ies erie e heen es ea 2. Calyx 2—2.5mm long; stems 3—8cm long...... 3. S. polycarpus L. Fe Calaica. 4mm Ione: Stems o— U5 cm lone 2 Ste ess ee. he ee 3. + Be Pals MOOKCE TU APEX cb wi \e e kes kl ka Shee al a eee 4. S.uncinatus Schur. a Sepals mot hooked) .at, apex resets 2s. Atel eto ee a eee 2. S. annuus L. Subgenus 1. EUSCLERANTHUS Pax in Nat. Pfl. III, 1b. (1889) 92. — Inflorescence a panicle composed of numerous cymes with glomerate flowers. 1. S.perennis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 406; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 157; Shmal'g., Fl. II, 355. — Ic.: Hegi, III. Fl. Mittel.-Eur. III, t.108.— Exs.: HFR no. 836. Perennial; stems several, ascending or erect, 5—20cm long, branched from bases, covered with short crisp hairs or sometimes glabrate; leaves linear-Subulate, convex beneath, flat above, semiterete, 6—10 mm long, acute, grayish-green, glabrous, connate and sparsely ciliate at base, often with axillary leaf clusters; flowers sessile in dense terminal cymes; calyx commonly glabrous, more rarely sparsely pubescent; sepals oblong, obtuse, with white scarious margins, connivent in fruit; stamens at anthesis about equaling calyx, commonly all 10 fertile; fruit glabrous or slightly pubescent, (3)4—5 mm long. June—August. (Plate XXXI, Figure 6). Meadows, open woods, plowed fields, and roadsides, often on sandy soil. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., Dv.-Pech.(?),U.V., V.-Kama (W. part), U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Bl. (?), Crim. (very rarely-Karadag); Caucasus: E. Transc. (Abastuman, Oshorskii Range). Gen. distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., W. Med., Bal., Arm.-Kurd. (Sarykamysh). Described from Europe. Type in London. * From Greek scleros, hard, and anthos, flower. 419 548 549 2. S.annuus L. Sp. pl. (1753) 406; Shmal'g., Fl. 1], 355; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1044.—S.annuus 8 cymosus Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844—46) 157.— S.tauricus Presl ex Knaf in Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. XXII (1872) 187. — Ic.: Hegi, Il. Fl. Mittel.-Eur. II, t. 108. Annual or biennial; stems solitary or several, 5—15 cm long, erect or prostrate, branched from the base, the internodes usually with 1-sided pubescence; branches pubescent on 2 sides; leaves narrowly linear to almost subulate, 6—8 mm long, acute, glabrous or puberulent, shortly connate in pairs and ciliate at base, often with axillary leaf clusters; flowers sessile, in terminal and axillary glomerules; calyx campanulate, glabrous, 3.5—4 mm long; sepals lanceolate, acute, narrowly scarious-margined, more or less divergent in fruit; stamens 10, much shorter than calyx, 2—5 fertile, the others sterile; fruit ovoid, 3mm long and 1.3 mm broad, glabrous or slightly pubescent. April—September. (Plate XXXI, Figure 5). Cultivated and old fields, exposed slopes, roadsides, and sandy places. — European part: all regions except Kar.-Lap. and L. V.; Caucasus: all regions except the alpine zone. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal. - As. Min., N. Afr., N. Am. (introduced). Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Sometimes developing as a weed forming a solid cover in plowed fields and thus causing serious damage to crops. 3. S. polycarpus L. Cent. pl. II (1756) 16.—S.collinus Hornung ex Opiz, Naturalientausch X (1825) 242.—S.verticillatus Tausch in Flora XII, 1 Ergbl. (1829) 50; Shmal'g., Fl. 11, 355.— S.annuus @ verticillatus Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il (1844-46) 156. -S.annuus Bpolycarpus Celak. Prodr. Fl. Bohm. (1875) 487. — Ic.: Cousin et Ansbergqe, Herb. Fl. Trans. IX (1868) t.23.— Exs.: Pl. exsic. Austr.-Hung. no. 570. Annual; stems erect or at base ascending, 3—10 cm long, short-branched, puberulent; leaves linear-subulate, semiterete with convex lower and flat upper surface, slightly dilated and ciliate at base, more or less arched- recurved, 0.7—1 cm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, usually surpassing correspond- ing internodes; flower glomerules subsessile, disposed in a spiciform or rather loosely paniculate inflorescence; calyx 2—2.5mm long, rounded at base, glabrous; sepals lanceolate, acute, very narrowly scarious-margined, shorter than the united perigynous zone of calyx, suberect in fruit, slightly divergent; fertile stamens 3—5, half as long as sepals. May—June. Dry stony slopes. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E., and 8. Transc. Gen. distr.: Scand., Med., Bal.-As. Min., N. Afr. Described from Europe. Type in London. 4. S.uncinatus Schur in Verh. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. I (1850) 107, 108, nom. nud.: II (1851) 10; Boiss. Fl. Or.1,750.—S.annuus B cymosus Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 157, ex parte. — S.annuus var.uncinatus Boutigny in Bull. Soc. Bot. France II (1855) 768. — Ic.: Coste, Fl. Franc. II (1903) 105. — Exs.: HFR no. 1112. Annual; stems commonly several, branched from base, 5—10 cm long, often with pubescence confined to one side and consisting of simple hairs sometimes interspersed with glandular ones; leaves linear, acuminate, ciliate at somewhat dilated base; flower heads mostly terminal; calyx ca. 4mm long, elongating in fruit to 5—6 mm, pubescent; sepals lanceolate, uncinately incurved at apex, divergent in fruit, longer than the calyx tube; stamens ca.1mm long. May—June. (Plate XXXI, Figure 7). 420 Exposed grassy slopes and roadsides; rising in mountains up to 3,000m.— Caucasus: Gr. Cauc., E., W., and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Transylvania. Subfamily 2. Paronychioideae VIERH. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. LVII (1907) 96.— Paronichieae A.St. Hil. in Bull. Soc. Philom. (1815) 38; Fenzl.in Endl. Gen. pl. (1840) 956.—Illecebraceae Hook. f.in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. II (1880) 12, ex parte. — Sepals distinct or slightly connate; staminodes often present; leaves stipulate. Key to Tribes HE Fruit mostly many-seeded, dehiscing as a rule by apical teeth.... 2. Fruit nutlike, mostly 1-seeded, indehiscent, rarely breaking up ee creas Med Ree | We A a eg eg oe ke a tee 2. 4. 2 Siylessunitiedsinslower spate. ai wal guede tpn Bos yotour Sparen 3. Polycarpeae. a SLyPecEatcuinet from base VY aims dey tieeicahetorh @ heh meee minds Bec 3. 3. Ovary 1-loculed; leaves opposite or spuriously verticillate ........ Prete Sty. te rect Nowt Seay. Yat bcc taes ese Ko) 2 2 os SLES 1.Sperguleae. 7 Ovary 3- or 4-loculed at base; leaves alternate or some opposite .... i Rec Be Miss TAD rh ops =. Fares Mepecmitsy Pe gia i scandy wane bin ey aioe GSA so 2. Telefieae. 4. Alle ilowers alike: GvuleS.el Aye 9) tae Tis eerie: weehydee, 2 4. Paronychieae. 1 Central flower of the 3-flowered ultimate dichasia larger than the Brnemwor Oy ULC Rls corte: cnet yeemeadings «43 tere eye tard Coens 5. Pterantheae. Tribe 1. SPERGULEAE Vierh. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. LVII (1907) 96.— Alsineae-sperguleae Gren. et Godr. Fl. Franc.1 (1848) 274. — Paronychieae-sperguleae Bartl.in Bartl. et Wendland, Beitr. il (1825) 158. Sepals distinct; styles disctinct from base; fruit a 1-loculed many- seeded capsule, dehiscing by teeth; stipules small, dry, scarious. Key to Genera i Leaves in spurious whorls; carpels and styles5 ....477.Spergula L. + heaves Opposite carpelis! and wSty LOS Bin seins. to, yciyany ay SaaS oh Ril ee amis bal arise 2. 2 Sepals narrowly scarious, obtuse; petals mostly pink or red........ Seiichi chips igh ay wigay ST ew eeu ay dick, pepetas selinddh cath baad jo Gore hsbyend 478. Spergularia L. + Sepals broadly scarious, acute; petals always white ... 479. Alsine L. Genus 477. SPERGULA * L. L. Gen. pl. ed. I (1737) 133; ed.5 (1754) 199, Sepals 5; petals 5, entire; stamens 10, rarely 5—7; styles 5; ovary 1-loculed, containing numerous ovules; capsule dehiscing by 5 valves; seeds * From spargere, to scatter, alluding to the weak stems and branches spread out over the soil surface; or from the German name of the plant, Spergel, Spark, 421 dol numerous, with a narrow or broad wing-margin; leaves linear, in spurious whorls, with whitish scarious stipules at base. Annual herbs, sometimes overwintering, branched from base; pedicels long, recurved after anthesis. Russian names: toritsa, shpergel'. is Leaves channeled beneath; seeds biconvex (lenticular), with a very narrow SMooth wims sia on: as aA wise tee ee ee eer 2. =F Leaves not channeled beneath; seeds flat, with radiate-furrowed WATS - 2 RIP, JG ES A OP PAE Pe POE 1S colle BASE TR ni Nan Raia oie mae 5. Be Seeds ca.1mm in diameter; leaves and stems glandular-pubescent; plants usually up to 40cm high, infesting various crops ........ 3. “ Seeds 1.8mm in diameter; leaves and stems glabrous or slightly glandular-pubescent; plants 60—100 cm high, occurring only in flax EV ERGS Sven nyuindl : iste seistibeh welkiyncrgteipanigs aaa e+. 2 SG pal GORE We Va amines eee ae 4. 3 Seeds without papillae, glabrous, finely puncticulate, surrounded by a conspicuous pale wing-margin; only occasional seeds PapINO Gee a ie diw: Chae obtuse + sewed & a Uemeiel sate 2. S. sativa Boeningh. 5 Seeds covered with short claviform papillae, the narrow brownish wine -Mmarcin inconspicuous : 2: . : 2 . Te sae 1. S. vulgaris Boeningh. — 4. Seeds without papillae, glabrous, surrounded by a rather broad pale WHS TAIN Wiley aioe Ehee. sav ametiem weuceretale sas meee 4. §.linicola Boreau. + Seeds papillose, surrounded by a narrow brownish inconspicuous Lig (rte TONE TOT aN SMe ace Cl ieh 6 ie ation Bolly [cM ent MEO USI eI 3. S.maxima Weihe. Syd Petals oval, obtuse, overlapping; stamens commonly 10; seeds with brownish wing half as broad as the body ..... 5. S.vernalis Willd. if Petals lanceolate, acute, not overlapping; stamens 5; seeds with white wing as broad as the body .....:....56..--. 6. S. pentandra L. Series 1. Arvenses Schischk. — Seeds biconvex, with a narrow smooth wing-margin; leaves channeled beneath. 1. S. vulgaris Boeningh. Prodr. Fl. Monast. (1824) 135; Rupr. Fl. ingr. (1860) 190; N. Zinger in Tr. Bot. Muz. Ak. Nauk VI (1909) 240—252. — . S.arvensis 8 S. vulgaris Mert.u. Koch, Deutschl. Fl. III (1831) 360; Shmal'g., Fl.1,147.—S.arvensis var.vulgaris Fleisch. et Lindem. Fl. d. Ostseeprov. (1839) 163; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 170; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib? V; 1039. —S.arvensis @ trachyspermia’ Neilr? Bl Nied?- Oesterr. (1859) 781. Annual; stems several, 15—40cm long, erect or ascending, usually with 4 internodes, branched from the middle, glandular-pilose as are the leaves and often viscous; leaves filiform, convex above, channeled beneath, 2—3 cm long; bracts small, scarious or merely scarious-margined; pedicels filiform, many times as long as calyx; sepals ovate, obtuse, nerveless, glandular-pilose, 3—4 mm long; petals oval, obtuse, slightly longer than calyx; capsule broad-ovoid, slightly exceeding calyx; seeds covered with short claviform whitish papillae, surrounded by a narrow inconspicuous whitish wing-margin, ca.1.1mm in diameter. June—July. (Plate XXXII, Figure 5). Sandy places, plowed fields, among crops, near dwellings, and roadsides. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., 422 M. Dnp., V.-Don; Caucasus: Cisc. (Ordzhonikidze, Mt. Kaishaur); W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt., E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.: Far East: Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: almost throughout W. Eur., Bal.-As. Min., N. Afr., Ind.-Him., Jap.-Ch., N. Am. Described from Westphalia. Economic importance. Wherever it occurs in large concentrations, the plant may be used as forage. The chemical dry weight composition is as follows: nitrogen 2.36%, phosphoric acid 1.08%, potassium 4.21%, calcium 1.52%. 2. S. sativa Boeningh. Prodr. Fl. Monast. (1824) 135; Rupr. Fl. ingr. (1860) 190; N. Zinger in Tr. Bot Muz. Ak. Nauk VI (1909) 240—252.— S.arvensis a sativa Mert. u. Koch, Deutsche FI. III (1831) 360; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 147. — S.arvensis @ sativa Rchb. Fl. Germ. exc. (1832) 567; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1], 169; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1039.— S.arvensis Bleiosperma Celak. Sitzb. Bohm. Ges. Wiss (1881) 30. Annual; stems and leaves as in the preceding species; seeds ca. 1mm in diameter, minutely puncticulate, with a conspicuous white wing-margin. June—July.(Plate XXXII, Figure 6). On cultivated soil and near dwellings. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. Gen. distr.: nearly throughout W. Europe. Described from Westphalia. 3. S.maxima Weihe in Arch. Deutsch. Apoth. Ver. VIII (1824) 51 et in Boeningh. Prodr. Fl. Monast. (1824) 136; Weinm. Enum. Stirp. in agro Petrop. sp. cresc. (1837) 49; Rupr. Fl. ingr., 190; N. Zinger in Tr. Bot. Muz. Ak. Nauk. VI (1909) 252—263.—S.arvensis ymaxima Mert. u. Koch, Deutschl. Fl. III (1831) 360; Shmal'g., Fl.1,147.—S.arvensis var. maxima Koch, Syn. ed. 2 (1843—45) 120; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 170; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1039.— Alsine arvensis var.maxima G.F.W. Mey. Chloris Hannov. (1836) 208.—S.arvensis A.vulgaris l. maxima Asch. u. Graebn. Synops. V, 1 (1919) 818, ex parte. Annual; stems, like the leaves, commonly glabrous, more rarely sparsely glandular-pilose, simple or branched, 40—100 cm long; radical leaves 6—8 cm long and 1mm broad, the cauline shorter and narrower, convex above, channeled beneath; inflorescence branches, pedicels and calyx glandular-pilose or glabrous; sepals ovate, obtuse, nerveless; petals slightly longer than calyx, oval, obtuse; stamens 10; seeds lenticular, 1.8mm in diameter, with whitish papillae and a narrow brownish wing-margin. June—July. (Plate XXXII, Figure 7). Flax fields. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U.Dnp., U. V., V.-Kama; W. Siberia: Irt.; Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from Westphalia. Economic importance. A frequent weed of flax fields. Spreading with flax seed into new regions of the USSR. 4, §.linicola Boreau in Mémoires de la Société acad. d'Angers, XX (1865) 14; N. Zinger in Tr. Bot. Muz. Ak. Nauk. VI (1909) 263—270; B. Shishkin in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,270.—S.arvensis var.linicola A.Schwarz, Fl. Nurnb. Ed. II (1897) 126; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1039.— S.praevisa Zing. in Acta Hort. bot. Univ. Jurjev. VII (1906) 85 et in Fedde Repert. XI, 193. — S.arvensis B sativa IIl.praevisa Asch. et Graebn. Synops.V,I (1919) 821.—S.arvensis A.vulgaris Imaxima b.linicola Asch.et Graebn., Le. pale). 423 953 PLATE XXXII. 1. Telephium oligospermum Steud., flower. —2. T. orientale Boiss., flower. — 3. Spergula linicola Boreau, seed, —4, Alsine segetalis L., flower, seed. —5. Spergula vulgaris Boeningh., seed.— 6. S.sativa Boeningh., seed. —7. S. maxima Weihe, seed. 424 559 556 Annual; stems 40—120cm long, commonly glabrous as are the leaves, more rarely sparsely glandular-pilose, commonly branched, with 7—9 internodes; radical leaves 6—8 cm long and 1mm broad, the cauline somewhat shorter and narrower, convex above, channeled beneath, glabrous or scarcely pubescent; inflorescence branches, pedicels and calyx more or less glandular-pilose, sometimes glabrate; sepals ovate, obtuse, 3.5mm long; petals 4mm long, ovate, obtuse; fruit an indehiscent broad- ovoid,utricle, slightly exceeding calyx; seeds lenticular, 1.8mm in diameter, smooth, with a rather broad whitish wing-margin. June—July. (Plate XXXII, Figure 3). Exclusively in flax fields. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp., U. V., V.-Kama. Gen. distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur. Described from France. Economic importance. A troublesome weed of flax; spreading together with this crop from the western flax-growing regions eastward (as far as Perm). Series 2. Vernales Schischk. — Seeds flat, with radiate wing; leaves not channeled. 5. S.vernalis Willd. Fl. Berol. Prodr. (1787) 157; Shmal'g., Fl. 1.147. — Arenaria pentandra Wallr. Sched. crit. (1822) 206.—Spergula pentandra Fenzlin Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 169, ex parte.—S.Morisonii Boreau in Duchartre Rev. Bot. II (1847) 424.—S.pentandra B morisonii Doll. Fl. Bad. (1862) 1217. — Exs.: Pl. Finland. exsicc. no. 643. Biennial, almost glabrous throughout, grayish-green; stem 7—30cm long, simple or branched, erect or at base ascending; leaves not channeled beneath, linear, 0.5—1 cm long and 7.5mm broad, much shorter than internodes; stipules minute; sepals ca.3 mm long, the outer lanceolate and acute, the inner ovate and obtuse; petals white, ovate, overlapping; stamens 10, more rarely 6—8; capsule slightly exceeding calyx; seeds smooth at center, punctate and whitish-tuberculate on periphery, the brownish wing half as broad as the body. June—July. (Plate XXXIII, Figure 1). Sandy slopes, pinewoods, and roadsides. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur., W. Med., Bal.?, N. Afr. Described from the vicinity of Berlin. Type in Berlin. 6. S. pentandra L. Sp. pl. (1753) 440; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 169, ex parte; Shmal'g., Fl.1,147.— Alsine marginata Schreb. Spic. Fl. Lips. (1771) 31.—Stellaria pentandra Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2,1 (1772) 318. — Alsine pentandra Crantz, Instit. II (1766) 408.— Arenaria media Poll. Hist. pl. Palat.1 (1776) 433.— Spergularia pentandra G. Don, Gen. Syst.1 (1831) 425.—Spergula arvensis R marginata Moris, Fl. Sard. I (1837) 281.—S.arvensis ~pentandra Wirzen, Prodr. Fl. Fenn. (1843). Annual; stem 5—15 cm long, simple or branched, erect or at base ascending, glabrous or at summit glandular-pubescent; leaves as in the preceding species; sepals ca.3mm long, the outer lanceolate acute, the inner ovate obtuse; petals white, lanceolate, acute, not overlapping, shorter than calyx; stamens 5, rarely more; capsule slightly exceeding calyx; seeds smooth, not tuberculate on periphery, the snow-white wing as broad as the body. June—July. 425 Dot Pinewoods and sandy places. — European part: ? U.Dnp. Gen.distr.: W. Med., Atl. Eur., Bal. Described from Europe. Type in London. J. et C. Presl, Fl. Cech. (1819) 94.— Buda Adans. Fam. II (1763) 507.— Tissa Adans.,l.c.—Stipularia Haw. Syn. Pl. succulent. (1812) 107.-Lepigonum Wahlb. Fl. Gothoburg. (1820) 45.— Aremaria sect. Spergularia Pers. Synops.1 (1805) 504. Flowers in loose inflorescences or in cymes; sepals 5, herbaceous, obtuse, Scarious-margined; petals 5, entire, white or red; stamens 2—5, more rarely 10; styles 3, sometimes 4; capsule dehiscing by 3 valves; seeds small, trigonous-ovoid. Annual or perennial small herbaceous plants; leaves opposite, linear, narrowly linear, or filiform; stipules minute, connate in pairs, Scarious. Russian name: torichnik. 1. All seeds in capsule with a broad membranous wing; capsule 1.5—2 times asiliong as calyx; stamens 10: {aera 1. S.marginata (DC.) Kitt. + All seeds wingless or only those at base of capsule winged; capsule equaling: of slightly exceeding, calysc;: Stamens 2 ol. .malneeee ye ae Oe 2. Calyx 1.5—2.5mm long; pedicel slender, 2—6 times as long as calyx; seeds Sharply tuberculate; leaves narrowly linear to filiform, Obtusew AcAeadtwaoeR oe ea Re 2. S.diandra (Guss.) Heldr. et Sart. + Calyx 3-6 mm long; pedicels as long as or slightly longer than calyx; seeds smooth or bluntly tuberculate; leaves linear, Subacute. . 3. 3. Capsule equaling or shorter than calyx; seeds wingless; fruiting pedicels 2—3 times as long as calyx; stipules ovate-lanceolate, listrousss Stamenss>— H0n) eer sa.enae 3. S.campestris (L.) Aschers. + Capsule exceeding calyx; seeds wingless or the lower ones in capsule winged; pedicels not longer than calyx; stipules broad-ovate, not lustrouss.stamens:.2 |Balkh: Ti: Sh. | Dzu. 7Rarb. Pam.-Al., Ar.-Casp., Kyz.K., Amu D. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., W.and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. H. glabra (like H.hirsuta L.) contains a saponaceous glucoside herniarin, herniaria-saponin, coumarin, and the alkaloid paronychin. Exported in appreciable amounts. 2. H.caucasica Rupr. Fl. Cauc. I (1869) 241; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 401. A small undershrub, sometimes matted; stems woody, prostrate- decumbent but not rooting; young herbaceous stems puberulent, 5—15 cm long; leaves yellowish-green, glabrous (only initially sometimes ciliate), oval or obovate, 4—8 mm long, 2—3 mm broad, cuneately attenuate toward base; stipules ovate, with fringed-ciliate margins; flowers short-petioled, in axillary clusters; calyx with puberulent tube and 5 ciliate-margined lobes; stamens 5; style very short; utricle shorter than calyx. July — August. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 1). 434 (569) PLATE XXXIV. 1. Herniaria caucasica Rupr.— 2. H.hirsuta L.— 3. H.incana Lam.— 4. H.polygama J.Gay.— 5. H.glabra L.— 6. Paronychia cephalotes (M. B.) Bess. — 7. P.curdica Boiss.— 8. Polycarpon tetraphyllum L. 435 Site Rocks and stony taluses in the alpine zone, rising to altitudes of about 2,500 m.— Caucasus: Dag., E. Transe.; W. Siberia: S. part of Alt.; Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.,T.Sh. Endemic. Described from the alpine zone of the Main Caucasus Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. The studies of O. A. Murav'eva first established the occurrence of H.caucasica Rupr. in the alpine zone of the mountains of Soviet Central Asia and in the southern Altai. This is a fact of major significance as we know few plants with similar distribution area. More thorough botanical studies in recent times have tended to reduce the number of plants common to the mountainous areas of the Caucasus, Central Asia and Altai, with the emergence of new facts which often point to incorrect identification of Central Asian mountain plants with Caucasian. (Editors) 3. H.incana Lam. Encycl. method. III (1789) 124; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 160; \Shmal'e., Pl. 0, 354.—H.bess.er iiFisch.ex Horn. Heri nam. Suppl. (eH) 1275— H. haga iM. B. Fl. taur.-caue. I, 79, nom ie Perennial, covered throughout with whitish hairs; taproot woody, much developed; stems 10—25 (30)cm long, profusely branched, woody at base, bushy; leaves 5-18 mm long, 1—3 mm broad, oblong-linear to narrowly elliptic (var.angustifolia Fenzl) or oval to obovate and narrowing toward base (var.latifolia Fenzl); stipules ovate or broad-ovate, ciliate; flowers in axillary clusters, these sometimes distinctly pedunculate; bracts small, resembling stipules; calyx lobes closed, sometimes slightly open, ovate -oval, densely covered with whitish sometimes uncinate hairs; sepals 5; utricle shorter than calyx. May-—dJuly. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 3). Among mixed-grass steppe vegetation, on dry stony slopes, sometimes on chalk outcrops. — European part: M. Dnp., Bl., V.-Don, L. Don, Crim., Transv. (Urals); Caucasus: all regions, less frequently in W. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Kara K., SW part of Ar.-Casp. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from France. Note. Annual and biennial specimens of this species resemble in aspect H.hirsuta L. Useful distinguishing characters are provided in this case by the calyx and the number of stamens. 4. H. hirsuta L. Sp. pl. (1753) 317; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 160; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 74.0, Il, 354; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. I1,401;)Kryl., Fl. Zap. sib. V, 1043, — H.cinerea DC. Fl. Fr. Suppl. VI (1815) 375.— H.diandra Bge. in Del. sem. h. Dorp. (1843) no. 7.— Ic.: in Bauh. Hist. III, 379; DC. Mem. IV (1829) tab. 3 (H.cinerea DC). Annual, grayish-green; taproot slender, poorly developed; stems 3—8 (rarely up to 15) cm long, prostrate at base, then ascending, branched from base, covered with short spreading whitish hairs; leaves 5—8 mm long, ca.2 mm broad, oblong-linear to narrow-elliptic, gradually tapering toward base, rather densely pubescent, with ciliate margins; stipules oblong-ovate, ciliate, acute; flowers in approximate axillary clusters, especially on lateral branches; calyx lobes closed, oblong, densely covered with long spreading stiff hairs; sepals 5, the outer 2 mostly somewhat larger than the rest; stamens 2 or 3, very rarely 5; stigma sessile, 2-parted; utricle slightly 436 372 exceeding calyx. Plants to 5cm high; stamens always 2 (var.diandra (Bge.) O. Mur.). April— August. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 2). Gravelly and pebbly steppe loams, dry sandy slopes, fields, and field borders; sometimes rising in the mountains to 1,700 m.— Caucasus: Dag., E.and S. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., S. part of Kara K., Amu D., Pam.-Al., Syr D., T.Sh. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur., W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from France. Type in London. Note. A highly variable species, displaying differences in the following characters: 1) indument, responsible for color modifications ranging from grayish-green to cinereous; 2) plant stature, with height fluctuating between 3 and 15cm,rarely up to 18cm; 3) number of stems and extent of their branching, resulting in marked differences of aspect but geographically not differentiated. Disparity in sepal size also varies from one plant to another. The most consistent character is the number of stamens. Section 2. PARONYCHIELLA Williams in Bull. Herb. Boiss. IV (1896) 558. — Style rather long; calyx lobes and stamens 4. 5. H.polygama J.Gay in Duch. Rev. Bot. II (1846—47) 371; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1044.— H.odorata Andrz. in Exsic. (1839) nomen nudum; Andrzh., Ischisl. rast. Podol'sk. gub. (1860) 43; Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVII (1864) 563; Shmal'g., Fl. Il, 354. — Exs.: Fl. Polon. exs. no. 825. Perennial; stems numerous, 3—20cm long, prostrate or ascending, covered with short retrorse hairs; leaves 5—15 mm long, 1—3 mm broad, oblong-elliptic, cuneately tapering toward base, glabrous or slightly pubescent, ciliate-margined; stipules broad-ovate, ciliate; flowers perfect and unisexual, sessile, in axillary clusters or in spiciform inflorescences; calyx covered with uncinate hairs; sepals 4, elongate-oblong; stamens 4; Style rather long, exceeding calyx; utricle about equaling calyx. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 4). Fallows, sandy steppe slopes, and dry pinewoods. — European part: UsDap., M. Dnp.,; V.5Don,-Transv., Bl., li.Don, L..V.3 W. Siberia: U. Tob., SW part of Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur. (Poland). Described from the Ukraine. Economic importance. Used, like H.glabra L., for medicinal purposes. Note. Coumarin-scented in dry state. Tribe 5. PTERANTHEAE Endl. Gen. (1840) 959; Benth. et Hook. Gen. III, 13.— Flowers axillary; calyx at first herbaceous, becoming indurated after flowering, with 4 or 5 stiff subulate lobes; ovary 1-loculed; styles 2. Genus 484. PTERANTHUS * FORSK. Forsk. Fl. Aeg.-Arab. (1775) 36.— Louichea L'Herit. Stirp. nov. (1785) 135. Flowers in 3's, borne on a turbinately dilated somewhat flattened common peduncle, the middle sessile flower fertile, the lateral ones borne on very short pedicels, abortive, closely enveloped by 2 stiff subulate 5-parted * From Greek pteros, wing, and anthos, flower. 437 573 appendages or completely transformed into appendages of similar constitution; calyx 4-lobed, finally closed, laterally fused; corolla none; stamens 4; ovary 1-loculed, containing 1 ovule; fruit saccate, membranous, l-seeded. Annual with opposite or spuriously verticillate leaves. Russian name: krylotsvetnik [from krylo, wing, and tsvet, flower]. 1. P.dichotomus Forsk. Fl. Aeg.-Arab. (1775) 36.— Camphorosma pteranthus Sibth. Fl. Graec. (1813) tab. 153; Asch. et Gr. Synops. V, 1 (1915) 448.— Louichea pteranthus L!Herit. Stirp. nov. 1 (1785) 135. — L.cervina L'Herit.,l.c.(1785).— Pteranthus echinatus Desf. Fl. Atl. 1 (1789) 144; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 16; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, S25 lens l'Herit., 1.c., tab. 65; Sibth. Fl. Graec., tab. 153. Annual; stem twice or thrice forked, ascending or prostrate, 5-10cm long, villous-pubescent or glabrate; leaves linear, 1—1.5cm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, subacute, fleshy, glabrous, with minute scarious lanceolate stipules; flowers in a corymbose-paniculate inflorescence; bracts Scarious, ciliate. Argillaceous semideserts.— Caucasus: E. Transc. (Nargen Island); Tal. (Kura River mouth —Salyany). Gen.distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Egypt, Arabia, Iran. Described from Egypt. Note. This plant was recorded for the Flora of the Caucasus by Fenzl and Boissier, but was omitted by Lipskii and other authors of the Flora of the Caucasus. The Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences contains Specimens that confirm the occurrence of P.dichoto- mus Forsk. in eastern Transcaucasia, on Nargen Island and near the Kura estuary. The Caucasian location is far removed from the more southerly distribution area of the species, the locations nearest the Caucasus being southern Iran and Palestine. It is possible that the plant has not been collected at intervening points on account of its small size and the inadequate exploration of Iran and of the northern part of Asia Minor. Subfamily 3. SILENOIDEAE 4. BR. in Aschers. Fl. Prov.Brandenb.(1864) 60: Pax in Engl.u. Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenf. 1 Aufl. III, 1 B. (1869) 69.— Silenaceae Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed.2 (1837) 124.— Leaves exstipulate; calyx gamosepalous, tubular or campanulate; corolla nearly always present; fruit, stamens and ovary very often borne on an androgynophore; style free. Key to Tribes L.> Styles, 3 or 5; ‘calyx with commistral Merves.¢% ss. - «uss sea eee Phe nih seer iad iia tiaiibatinie eaiab Acs teu tink cia ats Tribe 1. Lychnideae A. Br. a Sivtes 2; calyx without commisural nerves ... Tribe 2. Diantheae Pax. Tribe 1. LYCHNIDEAE A. BR. in Flora XXVI (1843) 336.— Styles 3 or 5; fruit a many-seeded capsule dehiscing by teeth or valves, or indehiscent and berrylike; calyx with commisural nerves; aestivation of corolla alternately convolute. 438 74 375 Key to Genera 1 + i) co Se Si iin kta cecal oe Euetdas Benepe DER aD oehe aye: eves al gage wee esed 4b oe euwayes Doe bee 2. SNe pier hee. Beta l. cr mceiet eg xy Pl xia apsies| ports {0s & do scmy eo Ns 5. Fruit indehiscent, baccate; calyx cleft nearly to the middle into bulpbes i wide open; patelliionmls, Wiias sy ars) cn. 6! olin 492. Cucubalus L. Fruit a capsule opening apically by usually erect calyx teeth.... 3. eapsulers, loomed aibasey nish Pt dy Sith ea eo i Ye 487. Silene L. COS UIE ME o sults ole a oe a Ren | ge Per Ce eee ee 4, Seeds shining, very slightly inflated, with a ridge around felipe LUMI. hay oh aed aby Ja eS eegn ce ra Ed foils hme fe) ahs 491. Petrocoma Rupr. Seeds dull, without a ridge around the hilum, not inflated .......... ARE OR) ee ee, ree ae ee ey ee 490. Melandrium Roehl. Calyx cleft to below the middle into linear lobes, these exceeding the pink corolla; coronal scales wanting; seeds 3—5 mm DM MST SE Pita 2 84 ba hells RI Eee Br Sree igs eras cal 4 485. Agrostemma L. Calyx shallowly 5-lobed; coronal scales mostly present at the basevor petraliimbs Seeds rSrimialle re tah che yh “aie fs Papas abel ea Sper tok «ale 6. Capsule dehiscing by 10 teeth, borne on a short carpophore; calyx inflated; flowers often unisexual and then plants dioecious ........ ROR P HSE S8 LEASES EI SOS Ly ehh eth Fey Pt 2 Epic a 490. Melandrium Roehl. Capsule sessile, dehiscing by 3 or 5 teeth, some of the teeth sometimes cleft; calyx tubular, not inflated; flowers perfect...... te Capsule 5-locular in lower half; petals entire or very slightly MOCCHEGS pct init) alder Gi eae aw tetas! cons ee dee haat yy 3 486. Viscaria Roehl. Gapsule 1-locular; petals 2- or 4-cleft, rarely, entire)! .: 2405 bacye Bs Coronal scales inserted on alflat limb base». .... 489. Coronaria L. Coronal scales inserted on a convex limb base .... 488. Lychnis L. L. Gen. I (1737) 135. Calyx cleft to below the middle into 5 lobes, prominently 10-nerved; corolla dark rose, without coronal scales, shorter than calyx; petals entire, gently notched, gradually tapering to a claw; stamens 10; styles 5; capsule ovoid, 1-loculed, dehiscing by 5 short teeth. Hairy annuals. Russian name: kukol’. Calyx tube oblong-ovoid at anthesis; seeds 3—3.5 mm long and 2 DOIN OO Cle MaldtanC AC menus seuisisce wren saleueen kee Thee 1. A. githago L. Calyx tube oblong or subcylindric at anthesis; seeds 2.5—2.8 mm long and half the weight of those of A.githago, covered with blunt flattened tubercles ....... 2. A.linicola Terech. 1. A. githago L. Sp. pl. (1753) 435; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 145; Shishk. in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 277; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1046.— Lychnis githago scop.. Fl. carn,ed:2,1b(1772) 310; —-L. seg etum, lam, Fl. Frane.11L (1778) 50.—Githago segetum Desf. Catal. pl. ed. III (1869) 266; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ljo22. — Ic. SOrns hasty Sook, I, Fig. 151, 152. (common). * From Greek agros, field, and stemma, wreath, the plant being useful for inclusion in wreaths of field flowers. ** Treatment by O.A. Murav'eva. 439 Annual, 30—80 cm high, covered with long soft hairs; stem erect, simple or branched; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 3—13 cm long, 2-—10mm broad; flowers large, solitary at tips of stem and branches; calyx tube oblong -ovoid, 1.5—2 cm long, the linear foliaceous lobes 2—3 cm long and ca.2mm broad, in branched forms about twice as long as limb of corolla (var.ramosa Lindb.), in forms with simple stem about equaling or scarcely exceeding the corolla limb (var.simplex Lindb.); styles filiform, hairy all round, as long as stamens; seeds almost black, 2.5—3.5 mm long, muricate. June—September. A weed of field crops; in northern and middle latitutes infesting spring crops, especially oats; in the south occurring also among winter cereals. — European part: all regions; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Syr D.,Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Iran. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. A noxious weed of grain crops. An admixture of corn-cockle seeds in flour amounting to 0.5% is sufficient to produce harmful effect (according to Mal'tsev) as the seeds contain 6.56% of the toxic glucoside gitagin or agrostemmin (C,,H,,0,,). 2. A.linicola Rerech. in Trudy po Prikl. Bot. XXV, 4 (1930—1931) 281. — Ic.: Terekhov, l. c., p. 282 (seed illustration). Outwardly resembling the preceding species but distinguishable by the less hairy calyx and the oblong or subcylindric calyx tube at anthesis; seeds smaller (2.5—2.8 mm long), their weight half that of A.githago L. seeds; seeds' surface covered with blunt and sometimes completely flattened tubercles. May-— July. A weed of low flax. — European part: Transv., V.-Don, L. V., L. Don. Endemic. Described from material supplied by the Kuibyshev District Seed Certification Station. Type in Kuibyshev. Note. The information concerning this species is derived from A. F. Terekhov's publication 'L'nyanoi kukol' [flax corn-cockle] (Agrostemma linicola Terech.)",1l.c. The author refers the plant described by him to 'specialized'' weeds of flax. Unfortunately, no specimens have been found in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences that could be included in this species. More observation and checking are required. Genus 486. VISCARIA* ROEHL.** Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2, IT (1812) 37, 576 Flowers rather large, in a verticillate-paniculate inflorescence; calyx oblong -obovoid, 10-nerved; petals 5, the entire or slightly notched limb with 2 rather large coronal scales; stamens 10; styles 5; capsule ovoid, 5-loculed at base. Perennial herbs; stems erect, simple; leaves linear- lanceolate, acute. Russian name: smolka. ibs Upper stem internodes viscous; petals raspberry-colored, rarely white, with entire limb (sometimes notehed) /2% 22% 7.3.8). 45. an Pe eo cea aks Oe, CERIN wit Me 5 oe ed Me ee We 1. V.viscosa (Scop.) Aschers. * From Latin viscum, bird lime, referring to the viscous stem of V. viscosa (Scop.) Aschers. ** Treatment by S.G. Gorshkova. 440 ats Upper stem internodes not viscous; petals white, with Pealiekvelaunaia wee Below aes aT AE wa gsl ay apy 2. V.alpina (L.) Don. Section 1. EUVISCARIA Nyman, Consp. (1878) 86. — Calyx with distinct comissural nerves. 1. V. viscosa (Scop.) Aschers. Fl. Prov. Brandenb. (1864) 22; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 403.— Lychnis viscosa Scop. Fl. carn. ed.2,1 (1772) 306. — L.Visearia L.Sp. pl. (1753) 436; Shmal'g., Fl.1,144.— Viscaria vulgaris Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2, II (1812) 275; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 328. — V.viscaria Voss.in Vilmor. Blumengartn. (1896) 100. —Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI (1844) tab. 307, f. 5131; Hegi Ill. Fl. Mitt. Eur. III (1909) 276, f£.505 et tab. 98,f.4 (V.vulgaris Roehl.).— Exs.: HFR no. 1558 (V. vulgaris Roehl.); Pl. Finl. Exs. no. 61. Perennial, glabrous; stem simple, more rarely slightly branched, to 40—100cm long, with very viscous upper internodes and with a leaf rosette at base; radical leaves linear-lanceolate, mostly petiolate; cauline leaves sessile, short-sheathing, linear, densely ciliate at base, 2—7 cm long and 2.5—5 mm broad; flowers in whorls of 5—7, forming a racemiform panicle; calyx tubular or oblong-obovoid, 10—12 mm long and 4—5 mm broad, slightly inflated, 10-nerved, with triangular obtuse teeeth; petals raspberry- colored, rarely white (var.albiflora (Sweet.) Rouy et Fouc.), the broad obovate entire or sometimes notched limb with 2 rather large coronal scales at base; seeds strongly compressed, reniform, minutely tuberculate. May—July. (Plate XLV, Figure 1). Dry meadows, hill slopes, and dry wood margins. — European part: Kar.- Lap., Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama,U.Dnp.,M. Dnp., V.-Don,Transv.,Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisce.; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Sometimes occuring as a weed in stands of clover. Section 2. LIPONEURUM Nyman, Consp.I (1878) 86. — Calyx with longitudinal nerves only. 2. V. alpina (L.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. I (1834-38) 415.— Lychnis alpina L.Sp. pl. (1753) 436. —Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI (1844) tab. 307, f.5130; Hegi Fl. Mitt. Eur. III (1909) tab. 98.i.5. — Exs.: Mus. bot. Univer. Helsingf. distrib. no. 612; Fl. exs. Austro-Hung. no. 520 (L.alpina L.); F. Schultz herb. norm.nov. ser.no. 2419. Perennial, glabrous; stem simple, unbranched, 3—33 cm long, with a dense leaf rosette at base, the upper internodes not viscid; leaves acute, ciliate in lower part, the radical narrowly oblong, and petiolate, the upper linear, sessile, 20—23 mm long and 2.5—3 mm broad; flowers in a paniculate inflorescence; calyx campanulate, 3—5mm long and 2—3 mm broad, violet, 10-nerved, with oval obtuse teeth; petals white, with a 2-cleft limb and 2 coronal scales; seeds small, reniform, dark brown, finely tuberculate. May — July. (Plate XLV, Figure 2). 44] 578 Dry meadows, sandy shores, and rocks. — European part: Kar.-Lap. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., W. Med. Described from Europe. Type in London. Genus 487. SILENE* L. L. Gen. pl. ed, I (1737) 132, Flowers perfect or more rarely unisexual and then plants monoecious or dioecious; calyx gamosepalous, with 10—30 anastomosing nerves; petals 5, white, pink, purple, or yellowish-green, the limb bifid or rarely multifid or entire, sometimes notched, often with 2 small scarious ovate or lanceolate coronal scales at base, the linear-cuneate smooth or ciliate claw often auriculately enlarged at summit; stamens and ovary (later capsule) mostly borne on a fairly long stipe (androgynophore), usually referred to as carpophore; stamens 10, biseriate, the outer series being the first to develop, the filaments naked or ciliate; ovary 3-loculed at base; styles 3; fruit a capsule, 3-celled at base, dehiscing by 6 teeth; seeds reniform, often bluntly or sharply tuberculate, very rarely with a winglike outgrowth. Perennial, biennial, or annual herbs with opposite leaves. Economic importance. On the whole, the genus is of no economic importance, but certain species are noteworthy weeds of cereal and vege- table crops. A few species are ornamentals. ly Calyx 20—30-nerved, more or less inilated 7. ne ee 2. + Calyx 10-nerved, tubular or cylindric, rarely somewhat DTM ACS oe acai, ie apt taaatn te psc eb iy Sea dn fa aaa as coe cS al rh Calyx with 20 anastomosing nerves, the teeth obutse; petals WAIL Spy DOOM ANG re ope odutN ss a tey ie ees ohm oa ety eva, oe Aca LavMe cc eg setae an She a Calyx 30- or more rarely 20-nerved, attenuate toward summit, the base more or less inflated in fruit, the nerves not anastomosing, the teeth long-acuminate; petals commonly roseate or Tosy-purple; annuals. ois. ce sue linens nice eee S), ie Callyxc PUIDESICOME. ovo. vay a) age ne gente occ) us Gay cata eager hae ayo alent ec ome cdo, ae a Calypso. Gla bt CUS tee! a Peeks 2 wipes we mh ts mb epeeinGe Sipe tii ater a's. ite Sve eee 6. 4. Petals, undivided, notched at apex. ci... 4 + 5. S. procumbens Murr. 5 Petals tringed =m ltde is 5 a tir ie a. ote 6a) talet S Meial She ap fella) hee ea 5. ae Plants 50—100cm high; leaves 8—10cm long and 5—6 cm broad; coronal scales wanting; capsule subglobose, 6 cm long, 5cm broad, borne.onm a short, carpophoney wisi fags hk tc 6. S. multifida (Ad.) Rohrb. + Plants 15—30cm high; coronal scales lanceolate, acute, ca.3 mm long; leaves 2—3cm long and 0.5—1.5cm broad; capsule oblong, 10 cm lomesit\emi) broads SeSSilex iin. ds Hee PRs 7. S.lacera (Stev.) Sims. 6. Stem 7—15 cm long; bracts herbaceous; coronal scales present; carpophore, half jaslong as) capsullem.| fii)th os! tl 3. S. uniflora Roth. ate Stem 25—100cm long; bracts scarious; coronal scales wanting; carpophore one-fifth to one-fourth as long as capsule ......... is * The meaning and derivation of the name are unknown. It was first used by Lobelius in 1576, According to one version, the name is derived from the Greek selene, moon, and refers to a plant used by shepherds for foot injuries and as a prophylaxis against snake bites. 5402 4A? 9 tel. 12. 13. Calyx 8—12 mm long, often obsoletely anastomosing; carpophore 1mm long, covered with short hairs ........ 4, C.cserei Baumg. Calyx 13—18 mm long, distinctly anastomosing; carpophore 2 a MO OU STEER eR TE cote bls het crdae ort rages bmcye, munpe sarey eed ye yee 8. Calyx subglobose; leaves lanceolate, 6cm long, 1—1.2 cm broad, narrowing toward base ....... 1. S. latifolia (Mill.) Rendle et Britt. Calyx somewhat elongated; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 6—10cm long, 3—4.5cm broad, rounded or sometimes cordate EEE 1S SSS NC es Pee EF Pee EE a ene ee 2. S.commutata Guss. Calyx 20-nerved (S. part of Centr. Asia) ... 153. S. coniflora N. Esenb. a race CURE a ear ae ica etc muse ia a cso 5s Se te No beertn® 10. Plants 6—25 cm high, covered with usually simple hairs; calyx 10—15 mm long, its base somewhat inflated in fruit; capsule SESS. CRA hacvanwe lo) eee mers hey ae et ener x mee 151. .o.conica LL. Plants 20—60cm high, covered with glandular hairs; calyx 20—35 mm long, its base markedly inflated in fruit; capsule borne onc, Short ‘carpophore; Cal MMlONG! os (om opie ba 152. S. conoidea L. Inflorescence long, racemiform, simple or forked, the lower flowers on very short pedicels, the upper sessile; calyx nearly always pubescent,7—15 mmlong; biennials or annuals,mostly pubescent ...12. Pedicels rather long or, if short, inflorescence different or flower SOMME INA aeT A Apts ey ME Ries oy celebs. tour Sheet cy eye ce fedacper arene. apuartad w. - ISP Bracts herbaceous; flowers in simple 1-sided racemes, GisuMme bly, PSOLCC Ate he mths ebeiycais E) Sate oper Pate EA» susctyers my ay fla Melia Re 2s 13% Upper bracts membranous; inflorescence dichotomously branched; flowers subsessile or borne on very short pedicels ....15. Indumentum consisting of short glandular as well as long simple hairs; fruiting calyx attenuate at summit, the nerves not anastomosing; petals longer than calyx, notched or crenate at apex; HRC TA SaMAIIG At IDSC a ogee vain in % WO tems ie a 8, 24. S.anglica L. Glandular indumentum and long simple hairs wanting; fruiting calyx not attenuate; petals considerably shorter than calyx; HAULS, OAT OUS ty ia on a0 2p is SRR OB beg theres «: icc mami «mydriogay e+ -° 14. Capsule oblong, 9mm long; carpophore pubescent; seeds WLM LE Sag tehin oi ney seria hae ots aby. bevasy ee 25. S.brachypetala Rob. et Cast. Capsule subglobose, 5mm long; carpophore glabrous; seeds with PALES GWT ee a eens gn iw Gare ties Bae reeks btn 27. S.apetala L. Flowers red; leaves not more than 8 mm broad; seeds ima LON ews SL eed. bomen. etek ae mpesnes 23. S.euxina Rupr. Flowers always white; leaves broader; seeds 1.5mm long ...... 16. Calyx glabrous or sparsely hairy on the nerves, often not more than 7mm long and then doliform (Caucasus) ... 20. S.iberica M. B. Calyx not less than 10mm long, always more or less hairy, never POUG EMSs ere. Jie. deta cd. Cell? nest cleo g is x Meneey er civey oly Srey yd © > 1 Calyx 12—15 mm long, covered (especially on the nerves) with Shoriactins Wairsipai! deers of elas cuted scand 19. S.dichotoma Ehrh. Calyx 10—12 mm long, covered on the nerves with rather long SOUL MENTS I AOE CD atoms Lobes FE ehry Eyre SE ey Mer paEeray aipeqae vein mer dhey s+ 4 18. 443 581 as) i) 20. 70 22h a3. 27. Calyx rather densely covered on the nerves with hairs to 4mm long; leaves heavily pubescent; plants 20—40cm high (Talysh)....... a ese a ee ee ee RO ORE BOM “Ee SORT 21. S.talyschensis Schischk. Calyx covered with shorter crisp hairs; leaves crisp-hairy beneath, glabrate above; plants 30—40cm high (S.Transc.)......... RAMI i occ Rena cc i rset ade i ee I 22. S. Thirkeana C. Koch. Arctic or alpine perennials 3—15 cm high; calyx 4—6 mm long, nearly always glabrous; carpophore 1—2 mm long; petals entire or NOUCHE Ce IMO tly: PUM 52.8.7 ooh at ahs he ve 7s to 4s wana kaha yee coe ycae nM eRe 20. Plants taller or, if dwarf, calyx longer or hairy or else petals Mee ply ET set eres. cnc ketat sgt ohs +s t5 tn bate wsuieg cs RO eae ay eee eee Zoe Plants forming dense, flat often pulvinate mats with much branched and subimbricately leafy stems; flowering stems 3— Penn long: tilowers SOLAR Y (>... +.> 21 a ap agmen ee leiee 49. S.acaulis L. Flowering stems 7—20cm long; flowers 2—10 in a loose COryimbvorm WahlOresceMee ls [Leta es Rss ete m ered ako ets ARAM Sak, eee ane Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2—4 mm broad; pedicels 6—20mm long; petals with lanceolate coronal scales; stems usually branched from base Ors eee, fee aU, SMA NAL kate 52. S.rupestris L. Leaves linear, 0.5—2 mm broad; pedicels 1—8 mm long; petals without coronal sealess"stems simple ™. 02 Bat ea = steel eae ee 22. Plant covered throughout with slender hairs, more rarely glabrous and then leaf margins ciliate and always revolute; stems slender, 3—15-flowered. Moutains of Transcaucasia ....... Lrateites scare SS ee ee ORES Pe Ee ERENT One OE, 50. §.dianthoides Pers. Plant commonly glabrous throughout, more rarely hairy; stems stoutish, 1—3-flowered; leaves flat .... 51. S.markoviczii Schischk. Flowers usually perfect; calyx 6—40mm long; petals 2-lobed or notched, rarely entire; capsule borne on a rather long carpophore Flowers usually unisexual (the plants dioecious) in clusters or rarely in heads; calyx not more than 6mm long; petals white, entire: bracts“none; capsule Sessile.’.:.. 4%. SPAT Sie wee: 2. Loe Calyx glabrous or very slightly roughened ................ 25. Calyx rather profusely covered with simple or glandular HALTS eS ce erates ee aera Sees sem ee REED > SONS Coe aCe nee 90. Annualand biennral*plantsS +s 72: ta tse Me ss “aw Da as Re ee 26. Perennials with a stout"taproot? Pas), i Rave a ee a ante n n 30. Flowers numerous, in a compact head or a corymbiform- paniculate inflorescence; pedicels shorter than calyx; bracts scarious; petals notched, red, with lanceolate acute coronal scales”3—4mm longer Ao eee PP IO Ee . BAG: at eels te Cote 21. Flowers not crowded; pedicels twice or thrice as long as calyx; bracts herbaceous, resembling foliar leaves but smaller; petals white or tatnely pinkish see sed 2 oe Aa ES Senne hae ees 20. Inflorescence subcapitate; calyx to 18mm long; limb of petals entire; carpophore 9-10mm long ......... 28. S. compacta Fisch. Inflorescence corymbiform-paniculate; calyx to 16mm long; limb of petals notched; carpophore 5—6mm long ... 29. S.armeria L. 444 28. 29. ee 32. 33. 34. 38. 39. Stems scabrous-pubescent in lower part; calyx 12—15 mm long, the subulate teeth 5—6 mm long; petals pink, the limb cleft to the middle» carpophore' pubescent... aisy.0.0. 56 139. S. chaetodonta Boiss. Stems glabrous; calyx 10—11 mm long, with short teeth; petals white, very rarely pinkish, the limb entire or lobed to one-third; GaguepaormerlaagGous yon. SER CCM bos! 2) ASS Ge Oe 6 29. Calyx ovoid, ca.5mm broad, with triangular obtusish teeth; petals entire, very slightly longer than calyx; seeds ca.2mm in diameter, wing-margined (Centr. Asia) .... 141. S.nana Kar. et Kir. Calyx cylindric, ca.2 mm broad, with subulate acute teeth, petals one and a half times as long as calyx, lobed to one-third; seeds 0.5—0.75 mm long, wingless (S. Transc.).... 140. S.arenosa C. Koch. Peralsientunesor very is lipitl yonotched: |. «lari aa peas snes yous « » Silt Petals rather deeply 2-cleft or (very rarely) multifid, very Game pedecniynnmotehedis. drat ewis eee Slat. @ es Gell idelh . . 41. Leaves ovate or broad-ovate, (10)15—-30mm broad........... Se Leaves linear or lanceolate, 1—5 (rarely up to 10) mm broad.... 35. Leaves with prickly-toothed margin, subsessile; calyx 11-12 mm long, with acute teeth; carpophore 2—3mm long, glabrous ......... Se ie Pe a espe 8% lg yet baie Vigne ae 136. S. schugnanica B. Fedtsch. Leaves with naked or scaberulous margin, ciliate, but without SEunMAE SEES ea tene Mees seemed umad th ae dates. mack eee Ree) 33. Cauline leaves with narrow-leaved axillary fascicles; stems and lower leaves minutely scaberulous (Pam.-Al.) ................ ee Oe A SLA FOU ipo awpe moc: 128. S. scabrifolia Kom. Caulnedecaves usuallyrwathout axillary dascicles s/s hee jn aja... 34. Calyx 8—10mm long; pedicels 2—6 mm long; leaves obovate, the blade 3—4 cm long and 1—1.2 cm broad; stems 50—65 cm lone (Wis deeSlas er @ Stel eie loremenkl sos ass 137. S. obovata Schischk. Calyx 6—8 mm long; pedicels 6—10 mm long; leaves ovate- lanceolate, the blade 5—7 cm long and 1.5—3 cm broad; stems SOS 100k Loney: Hee eerie Pes aot *135. C.kungessana B. Fedtsch. Cauline leaves with densely leafy axillary fascicles.......... 36. Canlane! leaves withoutzaxpilanytascieles: vars ue weee ANS. 39. Leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, 1—2 cm long and 0.5—3 mm proadiupetals pink “2.1: 77." 0. Le Oe, 129. S. holopetala Bge. Leaves lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 3—8 cm long and 310mm ‘broad? petals! commonlyswhitishinawins »iikheywaeesk .. Sil: Calyx 10—15 mm long, densely covered with short hairs; carpophore two-thirds as long as to slightly shorter than capsule ........... ghee Pk PARR See Pr Aes Pet ee 8 128. S. gebleriana Schrenk. Calyx 5—10mm long, glabrous; carpophore one-fourth to one-third BSEON SPAS CAPSULE 6 Leja Vag ota ieee Wee op sD BR Ba: 38. Plant profusely branched, bushy; stems puberulent nearly to the summit; all leaves lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate ............ SEER SE. THORS. UEC) CA cy ee Se- 8 by, 127. S. sibirica (L.) Pers. Plant epadinaly branched, not bushy, scabrous only in lower part; machicollicayes Spatulate ovis... eee ew a 131. S. komarovii Schischk. Flowers 5—20; calyx 5—7mm long; capsule as long as calyx; radical teavies: 510 gimd broad’ 2... 60. 2 8. wk 132. S. pseudotenuis Schischk. 445 583 3 Flowers 1—5; calyx 8—9mm long; capsule 8—10mm long; radical leavies 2 — onan lmO aces, wl ty PTs: WS ae. Pan te By cotitce tes eantemsctmelte, echle 40. 40. Calyx slightly inflated, 3—5 mm broad; carpophore puberulent, one-third as long as capsule ........... 133. S.trajectorum Kom. te Calyx not inflated, 2-3 mm broad; carpophore glabrous, half as TOME TAS T@AISUlC, Pee ecko ee me ws wa my SLR ee 134. S. bohrovii Schischk. 41(30). Limb of petals deeply 4-parted into equal lobes .......... 42. a Limb of petals 2-parted or 2-cleft, the lobes sometimes with small laveralsteethy LEP as 3 5 KBAR AL SOD. 7 |. SD ae De RES TORRES oo? 43. 42. Stems 40—60cm long; leaves lance-linear, 2—5(9)mm broad; bracts with naked margins,12—15mm long ..... 68. S.odoratissima Bge. = Stems 30—40 cm long, more densely leafy than in the preceding species; leaves broadly lanceolate, (6)9—15 mm broad; bracts with ciliateumaromnsirt,< ae ets 2 Pe LO, to ed ae. 69. S.olgiana B. Fedtsch. 43. Calyx one and a half times to thrice as long as broad, ovaloid or campanulate, usually somewhat inflated, 6—14 mm long and 3-8 mm broad; coronal scales mostly wanting or very small; carpophore 1—3(4) mm long; inflorescence racemose or very rarely flowers solitarys(Siberniakand Wentr? Asia aqogie. A209 SURO tw Seeeeete ae 44, a Calyx cylindric or cylindric-claviform, four to many times as long as broad, never inflated; coronal scales usually present, rarely wanting; carpophore often longer; inflorescence variously fOr Med: Olen PanUCuULAave+—2G, VET Le TS LPT ARSENY. OY eee oe ene mre ee oy 44, Limb of petals parted nearly to base; coronal scales nearly dlwaysowanting; plants: mostly. glaucous, » 4 2% 4% 6 j= ms 6 meu oe 45. a Limb of petals cleft to about the middle or somewhat lower down, coronal scales often present; plants mostly green, rarely slichtly@lawleescemt (ia 42 Fs Be at ER eS eee ae tn eee ea 47. 45. Radical leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 1—3 mm broad (Lake Balkhashvarea)irol a2. 2 a 33. S. balchaschensis Schischk. ats Radicaltleaves*s=15tmim Ibroacdeitiya! Mus Yet. Wes, aie «De eimai eteeiieen ee 46. 46.4 "Stems 15=35'em Jone; leaves 5—7 mm. broad (Tl. Shs)) Sh .vi Le ae Peg Een OARS oh okeg tan dies ER ST, CSMMEEERED 32. S. gawrilowii Krasch. aa Stems. 30—60 cm long: leaves 1—1-5'em broad (Syr D:)) 228... a e PER RAS: TES, BE OAD oe ftw ONAL Ge. mre 34. S. glaucescens Schischk. An. & eCalyscteeth*acutish oracute’ 2.0.2.2 .5 6s 48. S.jenisseensis Willd. + Calyx teeth rounded-ovate-obtusel (02 117). Gl OF RISO, BO ted: 3) 48. 48. Stems usually monanthous; petals pink; leaves linear, f= Pima (omOads Tike AL, PISO haat A? CAGE 47. S. stenophylla Ldb. + Stems bearing 3—7 or numerous flowers; petals whitish or lurid; leaves B=4imm broad .. 65. n ww ae ee wn eh ee Oe RO 49. 49 puliPetalclawsiciliatee 2 1ONRCERES Lar ORC hg... ct 44. S. graminifolia Otth. i Peval Claws Nakeds woo for mp 6 tei tone Tela 8) ole eM 5 BAS, BR esis 50. 50. Stems 5—15cm long; flowers erect, only the lower ones somewhat divergent; petal lobes enlarged at apex, obovate (Arctic) ......... SD hth SAR Ete ee Ee Sk ERR Gee tae otk BR ORI te We fae Fe oy IS el te 46. S. paucifolia Ldb. a Stems 20—40 cm long; flowers spreading or nodding; petal lobes GUO OTOH eh ce RE tw oe we ae we ee eee 45. S.chamarensis Turcz. 446 584 585 ol. 60. 61. Profusely branched undershrubs, 8—30 cm high; leaves 5—13 mm long, with axillary fascicles; calyx coriaceous, often scabrous on BAC OEVEStOI CAL OMOMOMEAT.. bis della teh ads pra se Yep Ge Jaye oeeh (eat ernie» s 52: Plants herbaceous or more rarely woody at base and then stems longer omyasullamy fasevelescalgs Club yep sy ‘oy ve ley leds ys) -iecse dea, aris cafhiom tan on 53. Calyx 17—20mm long; leaves linear, 1—2mm broad .......0....0.- oA NBS gees 2. Aine able alr ae eae 80. S.cretacea Fisch. Calyx 10—15 mm long; leaves spatulate,2—4mm broad ........... MEM ere EE eee ee a eae ke ee eg 81. S. suffrutescens M.B. Nees — as MN OMS Ase te an ie x ML Capac Wel tathst Bide Coke ye HERES 34. OPIN GS GRE cectag Kou) So AM alee: 5 oii Resear re lea ane ea 13. Filaments nearly always glabrous, very rarely ciliate ........ 55. Perl claws and til eaents er tabel ties B45. arte toy hi vrs. 2 ls fob ok 2 oe hes Se es ae (is) Pedicels minutely hairy or scabrous (indumentum more easily discernable on the middle flower of a dichasium); bracts Cilpabe nko WE RE Rec ERAS Ui a eae ae eee neem ome rene tints 75. Pedicelisvslabrous 2). 8)0 0.9 65508246 se gt Aa et 2 eee 76. Plants 60—100 cm high, knotted; leaves lanceolate, 6—9 cm long and 0.5—1 cm broad, with axillary fascicles of narrower leaves ..... at Mea RO BD Sod, ta BOLE. Baa AS 56. S. propinqua Schischk. Plants 30—60cm high; leaves linear, usually without axillary fascicles Be tiers ig > RAR Ree ee 55. S.marschallii C. A. Mey. Coronal scales wanting or reduced to a pair of bosses ........ 1. Coronal scales lance-linear or subulate,1—1.5mm long ....... 78. Flowers in a paniculate inflorescence; petal limb divided to base ..- . PEE NG ce tute dudoteded tedag ily 57. S.gasimailikensis B. Fedtsch. 448 387 78. 09. ov. Flowers in a contracted racemiform panicle, with branches more or less appressed to the rachis; petal limb parted to below the middle but not to base; coronal scales wanting or reduced toa pair of bosses; carpophore usually glabrous (S.Transc.) ......... Lc AMAA «LL MeL: AED MEL eetietead 2 Ek cel 94. S.lasiantha C. Koch. Flowers in a loose sometimes 1-sided panicle, nodding; petals parted nearly to base; coronal scales lance-linear, 1.5mm long; carpophore 2—5 mm long (Caucasus) ..... 53. S. ruprechtii Schischk. Petal limb cleft to the middle or to three-fourths; coronal scales subulate or lanceolate; carpophore 5—8 mm long (Centr. Asia) ...... Sees sedis uer ss the “bal ete 72. S. baldshuanica B. Fedtsch. Perennial, woody at base, 15—35 cm high, covered, especially in lower part, with rather long stiff recurved almost subulate hairs; leaves undulate, lance-spatulate, the margin and midrib covered with prickly bristles; coronal scales to 1mm long (Daghestan) ......... ees Losers steered tie Lent Peep ee cast leer fie sos tis 38. S.dagestanica Rupr. Plantssclabrousior harey\(not subplate) 44 .¢siw- sia ad’ Se. e . . 80. Axillary fascicles with smaller leaves, often reduced to leaf HENS HONS iige sg oem des es tereisl Gut ts 15s ap eee sy, a oe RS PS aren Bebte ee tee ce sidl, ASiaryE ris ClOlOS AMA ENG, yi. . sttls se «PRWeb iat state): Sishele s 88. Stem sharply scabrous almost to the summit; leaves linear- lanceolate, with sharply scabrous margins; petals yellowish- green, the limb lobed to one-third into oblong lobes (S. Trans- SMEG TISICU Weg Mayme a, a a eae fale ay a, hom MORNE 40. S.eremitica Boiss. Stems glabrous, or hairy or scabrous in lower half only; limb of petals divided to two-thirds or nearly to base, very rarely lobed Ronen S aire Or MOECMEd "% 3 5b 4 2 eb 8k 8 tReet ges ele SO: 82. Coronal, scales minute, applanate:eai0/ammplongs. «codeseye 3 - « 83. Coronal scales wanting or reduced to a pair of inconspicuous DOSSES oon es Gce0s ce 45-5 apes Sebi etesy totel qcricrels er teers aeglt « « 84. Petal limb yellowish-green, 2-parted nearly to base; calyx coin lone capsule 10 mm lone (Caucasus) « . uso: «Bas bweg = bes See REE Tne. sales VLA LeTeAte suede! pie G 39. S. chloropetala Rupr. Petals white, the limb lobed to one-third; capsule 5—6 mm long Gio tiastVigrs - padias .b-o8 Sei sree aie ts 226 41. S.macrostyla Maxim. Calero lone) (iar mast) 29. 8a, Se Oe Pars PS Se : 85. Calyx 10—12 mm long (European part, W.Siberia, and Centr. Asia A.” stra 3) Paik Boe wavanel.drdio ee. Sed hil ata 3 86. Calyx 6—7 mm long; stems not viscid at summit; petal limb deeply 2eCleitg.t2 Bites: | mess? fasiedee t 43. S.foliosa Maxim. Calyx 7—9mm long; stems viscid at summit; petal limb deeply notched” 2. bande sti: £1 A eeeel eae tk & 41. S. koreana Kom. stems often violet-tinged, with sparse crisp hairs in lower part; inflorescence secund; pedicels crisp-hairy below the calyx; petal limb tubereledi atl baSeiark Ricks ata byt ¥ 36. S.tatarica (L.) Pers. Stems minutely scaberulous or scabrous in lower part; pedicels clabnousspeeronaliscales Money ds). Gkoad wet Gb eeyeal.te sia O48 87. Calyx 11—12 mm long; carpophore glabrous ......-++-+.++++eee5 oe egies APE eae aol. okriet.. bts 35. §. lithophila Kar. et Kir. 449 588 cf Calyx 10mm long; carpophore pubescent ... 37. S. praemixta M. Pop. 88. Stem puberulent in lower part; radical leaves 10-—20mm broad ..... a hth CURRED AAT ARN EA erie) aa semtaataie Ree VR ARs 31. S. multiflora (Ehrh.) Pers. 27 Stem glabrous: leaves l—Oimmlbroad tii) sa 4s eos ue See. 89. 89. Inflorescence a 1-sided racemiform panicle; radical leaves 4 = One eon nl OU att mia: ote, 30. S.chlorantha (Willd.) Ehrh. + Flowers solitary or several; radical leaves 1—2mm broad ........ bps A El Mk Oe TNEAE Eos Mee) as cok mental 1h ey ah ce 35. S. lithophila Kar. et Kir. 90, (24) 52Peiallimbtentires +4 i, Ok Te FIP ue 128. S. gebleriana Schrenk. ot Petal limb notched or cleft to the middle or below .......... Ot. 91. Limb of petals shallowly notched; stems procumbent; calyx RINPL ABO WA athe EE et eenda net G tears y, RRS. al 5. S. procumbens Murr. “ Limb of petals cleft to the middle or below, very rarely lobed to one-third or one-fourth its length and then plants differing in other characters: Aye. eek: OEE OAR SAGE EOD. Sk etree Se oe LAR 92. 92. Calyx teeth acuminate; calyx more or less inflated; petal limb 2-cleft, usually with one lateral tooth, low mountain plants of the Caucasus and Central Asia, with few-flowered stem and several pairs: of Leaves) i) a opsiahi, a) clos Om acho Wasa a0) ak oh so Ae ROOD as te 93. a Calyx teeth obtuse or acute; limb of petals rather deeply cleft (very rarely to one-fourth), without lateral teeth; calyx eylyndrieivery rarely inklated L520, LA eGs FLW. aa oa 102. 93. Calyx not' fess’ thantl@ mim-* lone 2. (Ae saa teneiak, eh Sie eee hele 94, a Calves 2e— ih mam: 1ORSs 4 = 4 suis) 5 aut ih See eda Sadan aauiat a eRe San 94. Carpophore, claws and outer surface of petals glandular- pubescent; calyx teeth narrowly lanceolate, terminating ina long slender pointe vs 4.2 488 ae 2 ae eee i3. S. adenopetala Rain. af Carpophore, and petalis\ slab ROuUSTe aids aie. Mame enna ie 95. 95. Radical leaves linear, 1—4 mm broad, markedly differing from the ovate or lanceolate cauline leaves, 145.0. /e)s. dancin Cen eee 96. ats Radical leaves 4—20mm long; cauline leaves resembling the MAGICAL ys deoniiey my MP RR ol) EO NAD 2B RE SRC Fc: SMA MOe aa eo tome 97. 96. Cauline leaves 0.5—1 cm long, obscurely veined. Centr.Asia ....... SOO) MO dao SUE Bo: Jkt ep -OF Be 10. S.samarkandensis Preobr. a Cauline leaves longer, prominently 3—5-veined. Transcaucasia ..... Ba OS Sy A LB a Sale aa dla 18. S. commelinifolia Boiss. 97. Stems covered in lower part with simple, in upper part with glandular hairs; cauline leaves 2—4 pairs (Centr. Asia) .......... Mckee MEA cones 2M, iP Rae SOM, Se 11. S. conformifolia Preobr. 7 Plant glandular-pubescent throughout; leaves 5—8 pairs (Wi Franses), 229s... AES FR eh ON, RAT. CE, 17. S.lazica Boiss. 98. Cauline leaves lance-linear,1—3mm broad ............... 99. oF Cauline leaves ovate or lanceolate,4—15mm broad .......... 100. 99. Radical leaves 1—2mm broad, acute, very often glabrous, with only the margin stiffly ciliate; stems usually 1-flowered ......... POLIO ut SOG NENG) SET ACT ae TSO, ER ATR 14. S. raddeana Trautv. + Radical leaves 4—5 mm broad, covered with short crisp hairs; stems usually 2- or 3-flowered .......... 15. S. physocalyx Ldb. 100. Cauline leaves 5—8 pairs, much longer than internodes .......... SO ean ean inane ee ae SUITOR erties Wine ME AMINO a aly tT es tel 16. S. artwinensis Schischk. 450 109. Cauline leaves 2—4 pairs, much shorter than internodes ...... Ode Plant 30—40cm high; radical leaves 1.2—2.5 cm broad; calyx covered with simplethairse by oy oe 12. S.michelsoni Preobr. Plant 5—20cm high; radical leaves lanceolate, 0.2—1.2 cm bread) calyx covercaimitmt Glandular harrs 6). 2... 102. Radical leaves and lower part of stem usually glabrous; cauline leaves lance-ovate, 0.4—0.8 mm broad; stem OOM EHEC! Ge Glanlm ie te hoe eek Bl te we 4 9. S.turcomanica Schischk. Plant densely glandular-pilose throughout; cauline leaves broad- ovate or ovate-oblong, 0.6—1.1cm broad; stem 1—3-flowered...... ES PEMSLSERLL. TS ELLE ORE Chiat cele ti teeta eee LT 8. S. oreina Schischk. ). Flowers forming a loose, mostly 1-sided panicle or in nodding racemes; stems 50—80cm long; calyx teeth mostly acute .... 104. Flowers pointing in different directions, erect or ascending, or POW CE SRO VE Hem, SOM RAMA Ghee VAN ces, Ait PEERS Ue SUD ee 106. Plant covered throughout with patulous hairs; stem sharply angled, branched nearly to base; flowers pendulous, in a rather long 1-sided raceme; pedicels rather long; calyx 13—15 mm long, membranous, with very prominent thickish green leayes, somewhat Mtiared: petals Jo mm long reds sey tenes LENS 2s; 26. S. pendula L. Petals white or greenish; calyx without thick nerves; stems WSIS S.A hap bs kad ee Bibs ca naa | ode) Dn Lal it Mi ge SA a 105. Calyx 11—12 mm long, with ovate teeth; petals whitish, with coronal Seales; panicle 1-sided, nodding, + 4.2.6... 2.090% 125. S.nutans L. Calyx 15mm long, with lanceolate teeth; petals greenish, without eoronal scales: (iC rimea Paty Te DP 124. S.viridifolia L. Calspciat least (sn 25k tone. Wied aT Pe ee LOG: Calyx usually not more than 10—20mm, very rarely up to 23mm LOI "ce gM eh aap gong rue oe ah ry har Acie Bat 114. Plant forming a compact pulvinate mat 5—10cm in CGI COUCH A, os uti. RMS Retna eae. Fem OL ated Sum EE, VAPORS POO 108. Plant densely matted, not pulvinate,or stems solitary ....... 109. Plant glandular-pubescent throughout; leaves 0.5—1 mm broad; bracts distant from calyx (Kugitang) ..... 122. S.nevskii Schischk. Stems glabrous in lower part, covered in upper part with simple as well as glandular hairs; leaves 1.5—3 mm broad; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx (T.Sh.)..... 121. S. korshinskyi Schischk. Cauline leaves exceeding internodes; bracteoles 4, inserted at base of calyx; petals pink; capsule 5mm long, four times as long as the glabrous carpophore (Talysh) ....... 118. S.meyeri Fenzl. Cauline leaves usually shorter than internodes; bracteoles 2, inserted below the calyx or lower down; petals whitish....... 120; Carpophoges stab ous s)he ict UN Te eee ee ie Ganpophiere, pubescent sisi WRG. aso. Te ett ee di drs Leaves 4—7 mm broad; petal limb cleft to one-fourth or one-third (SiTranscaucasia), ...:.....5.. >. 120. S. araratica Schischk. Leaves 0.5—4.5mm broad; petal limb cleft to one-half or three-fourths (Centr. Asia) ........ 119. S. guntensis B. Fedtsch. Axillary fascicles present (Centr. Asia and Altai) ............ RU SrarnANE MSE nivenl Biahenne ly rom ai wi tal cee) Oe, Je 113. S.incurvifolia Kar. et Kir. 451 113. IL DiGr 122. Axillany fascicles, wanting ((Caucasus))iis. 0. 9 35e, ees LS. Carpophore 10—13 mm long, densely pubescent in lower part, glabrous above; capsule exceeding carpophore; seeds Striate: 152mm loneiy: aewes). Lath: 110. S. grossheimii Schischk. Carpophore 15—30mm long, twice to three and a half times length of capsule, hairy up to summit; capsule 8mm long; seeds minutely tuberculate, ca.1mm long; plants covered with simple as well as elancduilaraseirse Mr op pe el ge 2 ole + oo ee 109. S.depressa M. B. (106). Undershrubs; leaves 5-13 mm long, narrow, with leaf clusters in the axils; calyx coriaceous, 10—20mm long....... 125, Plants herbaceous or woody at base and then leaves longer or Calyx NOtCOmIACEOUS a. 1. eitegal.. BOO), & AOL Os Bot eae 116. Calyx 17—20mm long; leaves linear, 1—2 mm broad............. Me te et ee es oh bee PETE a ilar BS st oo uONeC Jerctacea Hisem Calyx 10—15mm long; leaves spatulate,2—4mm broad .......... « shag gorten nvaeches cae seal eee ted. ved caw. Wats ease 81. S. suffrutescens M. B. Leaves linear or subulate, subtrigonous, subulate-tipped, stiff, somewhat spinescent; stems rather numerous, 30—50 cm long, usually more or less pubescent in lower part, glabrous above, VWiscidsecalys Sparingly PUbeSEeMt, Ghai. cra tm. kena 2 Meare BRle cues aleve Leaves not stiff and not spinescent, mostly flattish ......... 118. Stems terete; leaves sharply scabrous on the margin, equidistant on stems and branches; calyx 12—15 mm long; petal limb parted into TUM ArPASEOUMCNES: |. 5. 5 a5, eae eee, Ane ee 8. RA 78. S.altaica Pers. Stems strongly compressed at base; leaves with almost naked margins, often crowded in lower part of the stem, usually longer; calyx 15—24 mm long; petal limb of petals with lobes dilated at apexjand cuneately attenuate tow and! base) J. wile ae Bee 2. ee ESTEE SEAL PRON eNO haem er me pe RS 79. S. alexandrae Keller. Stem and leaves glabrous; calyx 7—8.5mm long, both calyx and pedicel densely covered with simple hairs (Gr.Caucasus) ....... Wie, wen a op A eae Dua ke gm cy Ta Ears a wee TAKES LARS RE, eye 2 91. S. caespitosa Stev. Stem and leaves more or less hairy or, if glabrous, calyx at least 1 Opmugloro (os... (eee Meat alias Are. Ste Pee LS. Kalaments..Cupape esc vet fon gstudts «2 SE SOS AEN SE, Se ee 120. Hilaments glabyous,or.. (very manely) villous i 818 2s)... 123. Coronalgseales; wanting, . .. ate 1... wee Deh aey ee ie ee ee Lae Coronal, scales, subulate,-02/5—4 mm lonove 3a. % ees Se. 2 122. Calyx 12—13mm long; capsule one and a half times to twice as long as carpophore; leaves linear, 1-3 mm broad (Mtn. Turkm., Pam Ald ied mmr hgtit ato Gos one whaee 83. S. claviformis Litw. Calyx 16-23 mm long; capsule as long as carpophore; leaves lanceolate ss —) mina OrOjaGd: yey a a ne 82. S.tomentella Schischk. Calyx with alternately obtuse and acute teeth; petal limb 2-fid to the middle; coronal scales 3—4 mm long; carpophore pubescent... aia ch Tcbwamp smi aR AVR 6 oo 5. sas vena cs ge” Re RDE CR eng ER 85. S.semenovii Rel. Calyx with obtuse teeth; petal limb 2-fid to two-thirds; coronal scales lanceolate, 0.75 mm long; carpophore glabrous .......... we nd wy oof BRE 2 Popes a Giese RES oe Re 82. S. heptapotamica Schischk. 452 592 ZS 132. Coronal scales wanting; plants 30—80 cm high, hairy in lower part, viscid above; leaves spatulate, 3—5 cm long; flowers in a lax panicle; calyx 18—21 mm long; petals white; capsule 9mm long, as long as the hairy carpophore .... 126. S.italica (L.) Pers. Cononalgscales falnaysppeesenty i. 24) why: eo. soe sitar 4 arhioypeeul’ 124. Leaves very prominently 3—6-veined, usually eglandular. Si WSUS CASS SS) Yell a cae cn ee ee A: Leaves obscurely veined or, if prominently veined, then Patel lenis pas COM ELT a ls oe wie ioe oo 0 AR wo, heh el ae Ca 126. Stems ascending, with short leafy shoots at base; leaves more or less spreading, often falcately recurved; calyx 11—13 mm long, prominently nerved and covered with thickish often glandular EaieantieS Parse Saye Ss Paik fotos ier. renee ur oe a toes fe 101. S. pachyneura Schischk. Stems erect at base, without leafy shoots; leaves linear-lanceolate, SS eencinpye call yaueh a al (rena Micra Ls Puy beh jushicn hel. pepe BB Gonwey «sehen. . Lelia « RE Osseo Shue OES poe 102. S. sisianica Boiss. et Buhse. Cauline leaves with narrow-leaved axillary fascicles; calyx See) Togtina gs ea aes ee ANE ae oe ee UP AT Op Pesllanyitascrvclosspsually wanting mck ih cpl.. upienyeweb lt deni awien,-f «\% 3. Herbaceous plants with lance-linear leaves 3—7 mm broad (Siberia and E. regions of the European part) ... 89. S. repens Pat. Plants woody at base, with linear leaves 1-3 mm broad (GaulcasmsganduGentre Asia)» suthon \Aoladi clans amwlscera dhe (Rok 128. Calyacit4 2 0imnt long; Leavess2—5amm jbroad)..: )) & jeeyov ens eesP iis 129. Calyzai 14 mmnlong: leaves l—2mmtbroadjos..'agle.a19@alh. - 130. Plant 15—30cm high, densely covered with short hairs; calyx 14—16 mm long; petal claw eciliate, very slightly enlarged at Simmmiti(S) Transcaucasia) (iy... aro. a iehiys 97. S. pruinosa Boiss. Plants 20—50 cm high, woody at base, covered with short retrorse hairs; calyx 17—20mm long; petal claw ciliate and in upper part abruptly auriculate (N. Caucasus, Crimea) ..... 92. S. supina M. B. Calyx 11—14mm long; capsule ovoid, 7-9mm long (Centr. Asia) .... We AOU en eile Jae eters pe bree. ot ke 88. S. brahuica Boiss. Calyx 7-12 mm long; capsule pyriform, ca.5mm long (Caucasus) ... Wee BS BRERA, .t aeteibes chews eee ibeeeoadedeiwtorsi: - eile Plant woody at base; stems numerous, 10—40cm long, covered with short crisp hairs, glandular at summit; leaves spatulate-linear, 1—2 mm broad; flowers short-pediceled, sometimes gathered at the ends of stems and branches into a subcapitate corymb; fruiting calyx tightly enclosing capsule or scarcely inflated ............ Asp) eA "0 ME eee ee ea 86. S. spergulifolia (Desf.) M. B. pmlaritoghedprecedine«hut) calyznintlatedy ery GA gayae s+ fb - 36g 2 COR! ob enaler' Dat} bead sna 87. S. brotherana Som. et Lev. Petals red; calyx 11—15 mm long; dwarf alpine plants with spatulate or broad-ovate or sometimes suborbicular leaves (GraGaucasus) . CO CNP edie hee ee Date sos ¢. Sa Beet ie Heresy. 133: Petals white or, if red, calyx larger and shape of leaves CUE SIC Si0UEs waa Vea bay A cha ERO R ey Se a eS ANA LS ee 134. 453 593 133. 143. Leaves 8—15mm broad; flowers 3—7, erect; calyx 11—12 mm long, covered with short eglandulose hairs; capsule one and a half times as long as the hairy carpophore ...... 103. S. pygmaea Ad. Leaves 3—5 mm broad; flowers solitary at tips of stems and branches, nodding; calyx 12—15 mm long, glandular-pubescent; capsule four to five times as long as the tomentose carpophore : iss, Meatpeanignt's Pala Meigs MEN DM OR Ave Ie bi iM co a Ply omaha eas 102. S. humilis C. A.M. Leaves spatualte, 1—2 cm long and 4—5mm broad (S.Transc.) ..... 2h no (HR aed Gouveia that ed amet ine Lai, oa NM anit! He, tone 97. S. prilipkoana Schischk. Leaves lanceolate or linear, usually longer ............. 135. Calyx 10—16(17) mm long, usually more or less inflated, more Faxrélyeylindrick ech 0s OAL OLAV AR VISE. Shee TAR os 136. Calyx (16) 17-22 mm long, cylindric or cylindric-claviform, notinflateds Gy 299. 5 SPO SSS Oi RED Bi Roti es ea saan rem 147. Plants 7-25 cm high, with 1—3 pairs of leaves; stem 1—4-flowered; calyso clland ular pub eSSSt | ik onete* 4 cma cone Geen) OR) cite ienodn Remi 1 Sih. Cauline leaves usually more numerous; stems mostly many- PLOVREIRS Gy 4 ue oper aia hat eee ab spare tee uals alk otiert pun ops duan «) RUN eee a US ie Leaves linear, 1—2 mm broad, with naked margin, ciliate only at base:fillaments: villous? (Altai). 2.90 8)... S988 108. S.turgida M. B. Leaves lanceolate, 3—8 mm broad, glandular-pubescent; filaments glabrous Catleasus): 2482s 299i 2) 4 DY ORG ee VEC, PRE oe PSS: Flowers long-pediceled, nodding; calyx broadly campanulate, "Kimmy broad. (Ga. Cawes) Tu. Cah PSY aS) Be: 105. S.lychnidea C. A.M. Flowers short-pediceled, erect; calyx narrowly cylindric- claviform, 3—4mm broad (S.Transc.).... 112. S.tatjanae Schischk. Stems and leaves glabrous: pedicels wooly-pubescent; calyx SP GE: NOTE py..) ioe a vol eerrot ind ariarjogaes bone eee 106. S. linearifolia Otth. Stems and leaves hairy? 02.16 WO@Oo", SER oo ee, eee 140. Flowers gathered in a loose terminal head (Transcaucasia) ...... BE Fe oie) + Met ra aac 2 Nis ce fm OR kA A EE eh 90. S. cephalantha Boiss. Flowers in a loose inflorescence or (rarely) solitary....... 141. CalyseClaNnGdalaky vtec eiy ch ay 20 omens epeonoiuqes EM wy ue SHatuan «ys ate es ' 142. Calyx, like the plant as a whole, covered with simple hairs rarely interspersed with glandular, ones... 2... 6 0s eve oe abe 146. Calyx campanulate, distinctly inflated; bracteoles broadly scarious-margined, at some distance from calyx (Gr. Cauc.)....... PAR AEH Mh OAT SATEEN: ohh AES tee Coe TEER 107. S. kubanensis Som. et Lev. Calyx cylindric or slightly inflated, 2—5 mm broad; bracteoles herbaceous, inserted just below the flower (Transc. and Centr. Asia) MUS PERU ETS So ER 4 ne ak arin tes ar bh oe oh Ogee cll ee 143. Leaves 0.5—2 mm broad, commonly velvety-puberulent; calyx Somewhat inflated, 3=6 mm broad -(Mtn. Turkm.) cacy eco Me Anil: Ss Ed Sh, Pg. SRE SSD oe PS 100. S.indeprensa Schischk. Leaves 2—4mm broad, often glandular-pubescent; calyx cylindric, not imilated,.2—2 5mm broad (S. Transc.)«... c+. By = 4a eee 144. Calyx “more or léssiinflated=4=5 nim-broad Ma. BI Rye AAP ee. 2 ee Sith kl Seep les ORS whe bree mednperaie 96. S.bornmulleri Freyn. Calyx cylindric, not, inflated, 2—3 mm broadh Hamaeote tas oe 145. Stems 15=30em long: calyx 15-17 mim) Lome. vee hic mee 4) oie eee 454 595 Stems 30—45 cm long; calyx 12—15 mm long (S. Transc. and Tal.) .. Re RETR RES hs SE a cag Bin lovey “aes 94. S. aucheriana Boiss. Petals red or bright pink, the limb 2-parted into linear lobes, these in turn sometimes 2-fid ......... 99. S. popovii Schischk. Petals white or light pink, the limb 2-fid .... 98. S.crispans Litw. Cae VOO MORE DUDES CE Ming ya) lacie labiinisl vapicinn ha faye 2, a) a SM ete EPa) ms os 148. Retepe poner miosis meets hota ie MD outer tele wid eh ged bens oT, Petals purple, the limb merely notched at apex; carpophore 15mm long; seeds sharply tuberculate ......... 114. S. schafta Gmel. Petals white, the limb cleft to one-third or half its length; Pee ng Oia ma tech rant OpraNTA MOTD) ihc wsric Ubigwie Teupnia So duiph ye «Laeere pene. 149). Radical leaves tapering to a rather long petiole; petal limb lobed to,one-third; the claw glabrous . «..... sigh: 112. S.tatjanae Schischk. Radical leaves narrowing toward base, sessile; petal limb cleft to cneeidcdle or lower. the claw usmally ciliate. oa 4024 6 6 25 wie es 150. Calyx 20—25mm long; flowers nodding; bracts linear. Alt.(T.Sh.)... Pies cath tt De rerd ies plein dru «sy ered cats 113. S.incurvifolia Kar. et Kir. Calyx G—2ZO0imm. Jone; bractssovate-lanceolate m4 5 ts vilcs Ge. eae Revert «cinta ite clin a. oe Leste hoes. Pits cp 2 eae 111. S. caucasica (Bge.) Boiss. Stems 5—10cm long, 1-flowered (rarely 2- or 3-flowered).... 152. Sienasel0=30.cm long .io —5-flowerned quai sere Baa k wmoctsene-e 08 154. Stems glandular-puberulent; leaves linear, 0.5—1.5mm broad (TEST e TE ae agree eRe ae ee ten, eran en 117. S. karaczukuri B. Fedtsch. Stems covered with simple retrorse or crisp hairs; leaves spatulate CHO UENO SSI ATeyeheae nage hare en ey EE a Bat ee eee ee eee 153. Leaves spatulate, glabrous, the margin ciliate (Gr.Cauc.) ....... a aie Me Nm TR lh ir eeu ocr ct hata, Gist he ge orp 123. S. alpicola Schischk. Leaves lance-linear, very slightly grayish-pubescent (Centr. Asia) EE ee err one tee ae 116. S. pamirensis (H. Winkl.) Preobr. Plant with densely leafy and heavily pubescent sterile shoots at DES eRe cae Silk Aerator O UG vee taunt Saleae oid taney Suetcal Sa uatees Spach aelaemrsigie. se) 8) Sears NEE 6 acid rex eae oo poctabanel Did PRE 116. S. pamirensis (H. Winkl.) Preobr. Plant without densely leafy sterile shoots at base; leaves A POM. PEOAC ou. ay iy evinge Zhaws 115. S. kuschakewiczi Rgl. et Schmalh. (23). Flowers sessile, in compact heads subtended by large ovate lONrreRCK ESP enc gah Me Fy Oe ee ee Lee Te ee 138. S. capitellata Boiss. Flowers pedicellate, in loose axillary and terminal clusters. ... 156. Calyeq and pedicel wouber Went jaiys.a Ge epee, BS igeenee STR OES, Hyon Heed nS Os Calyx and pedicel glabrous or (rarely) very slightly scabrid ... 158. Flowers very small; calyx 2—2.5mm long; capsule ovoid- elobular, 2=3.narmn, Longs. p.) 2b 26 tM. ays 149. S. parviflora (Ehrh.) Pers. Flowers large; calyx at least 3.5mm long; capsule ovoid, Capea: Longe asi al oR eed veh Aes Fok LEG, ER de) ¢ 145. S. hellmanni Claus. Plant 60—120 cm high, densely covered in lower part with long patulous hairs; panicle large; cauline leaves 10cm long and Le DyCT MgO TORR .Aue (nitphoa eetoy cheer tise! Sbtokells a tory Seek 145. S. densiflora Urv. Plants 30—80 cm high, covered with short hairs; cauline leaves 26 cmylons.and)2—6.1m (rarely tosliem)i broad», .y.ye04.. eh f+ 3 159. 455 159. Flowers very small; calyx 2—2.5mm long; capsule globose, 2) SOM. Desh eT Ke BR ES 150. S. media (Litw.) Kleop. a Flowers large; calyx at least 3mm long; capsule ovoid, AAO rate MOMS ta ake s Sabet se wethe Lae 8 RS eee 160. 160. Capsule 6—9mm long; petals and lower part of stamens pubesicent wi. awe Gtksh Ge wee Ae Le RS 148. S. cyri Schischk. + Capsule 4—6 mm long; petals and lower part of stamens glabrous ... 5 USER OE, Stee as EL PTE SRA RR IES Sl 6 1. 161. Plant 50—80cm high; inflorescence mostly divaricate, with oppositebbraneches formimmnp tal pyramidal ’panrele > 282%. %. -- aaa 140. S. wolgensis (Willd.) Bess. ee © © © © © © © © © &® © © © © @ © © © © 28 #@ # 2 aF Plant 10—60cm high; inflorescence racemose-paniculate or with lonoeascend ing raAmGhe Si 0 5.50 Nak) he ae ee A ee Ge 162. NGZe Inflorescence branched, with long ascending branches .......... Ia, Cow ek” Uae eR, She Ra! 2D 144. S. pseudo-otites Bess. ty Inflorescence often unbranched, with loose flower clusters .... 163. 163. Stems densely covered in lower part with short hairs; petals one and a half times as long as calyx ... 145. S. baschkirorum Janisch. F Stems glabrous or in lower part minutely scaberulous; petals twice to two and a half times as long as calyx; capsule borne on a Garpophore: 12 mm Jone Reset hei See ae 147. S. polaris Kleop. Subgenus 1. Behen (Moench) Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 128.— Rohrb. Monogr. Gatt. Silene (1867) 66 ex parte. — Gen. Be hen Moench, Meth. (1794) 709.— Subgen.Gastrosilene Will. in Journ. Lim. Soc. XXXII (1896) 24.— Sect. Behenantha Otth.in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 367.— Inflatae Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 573.— Flowers perfect; calyx inflated, not attenuate at summit, 10—20-nerved, reticulate; petals usually 2-fid or (rarely) notched, or else multifid; capsule borne on a short carpophore. Perennials. Series 1. Inflatae Boiss. Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 573, ex parte. — Calyx 20 -nerved, reticulate, glabrous; petals 2-lobed; capsule subglobose. 1. S. latifolia (Mill.) Rendle et Britt. List Brit. Seed-Plants (1907) 5; Shishk. in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 286; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1053.— Cucubalus behen’ L. Sp. pl. (1753) 414,non Silene behen L.—C.latifolius Mill. Gard. Dict. ed.8 (1768) no.2.— C.venosus Gilib. Fl. Lithuan. II (1781) 165. — Behen vulgaris Moench, Meth. (1794) 709.— Cucubalus inflatus Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 302.— Silene cucubalis Wibel. Prim. Fl. Werth. (1799) 241; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 84.— S.inflata Sm. FI. brit. (1800) 467; Lidbw Fl. Rossel, 304; Shmal's.; Fl; lpvse)— Swi ni lata varrvul saris Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. I (1842) 202.— S.venosa Aschers. Fl. Prov. Brandenb. II (1864) 23.— S.vulgaris Garcke, Fl. Deutschl.9 Aufl. (1869) 64. — leweneoiiltiste srl? Mattel buneriiiie FOS prZe0! Perennial, glabrous throughout, glaucous; stem 40—100 cm long, erect, branched at summit; leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 4—10 cm long and 1—3 cm broad, acute, sessile, the lower petiolate, the petiole with a prickly-toothed margin; flowers heterogeneous, in loose cymes at the ends of stem and branches; pedicels as long as or shorter than calyx; 456 calyx glabrous, inflated, broad-ovoid, 13-18 mmlong,and 7-10 mm broad, 20-nerved, reticulately anastomosing; calyx teeth broadly triangular, acute, ciliate-margined; petals white,rarely pink, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx, the limb parted nearly to base into obovate segments; coronal scales wanting; claw enlarged at summit, glabrous; capsule subglobose, 8-9 mm in diameter; carpophore glabrous, 2mm long; seeds reniform, 1.5mm long and 1.2 mm broad, tuberculate. June— September. (Plate XXXV, Figure 4). Meadows, open woods, coppices, fallows, cultivated fields, and vegetable gardens. — European part: All regions; Caucasus: Cisc., E.and S. Transc. (occasionally among crops); all Siberia and Far East; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: Centr.and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran, Ind.-Him., N. and S. Am. (introduced). Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. The seeds infest cereal crops. Note. Inthose regions of the USSR, such as the Crimea, Transcaucasia, and the southern part of Central Asia, which constitute the distribution area of a closely related species,S.commutata Guss.,S.latifolia occurs only sporadically, apparently introduced together with seed material. eo" _-2. S. commutata Guss. Fl. Sic. Prodr. I (1827) 499; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 629; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 404.— S.inflata Barmena C. Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 712.— S.inflata var.2 Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 305.— S.inflata B athoa Griseb.Fl. Rum., Bith.(1843) 171.— S.cucubalus Be ommm ut ate: Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 86; Som. et Lev. in A. H. P. XVI (1900) 74. — S.venosa b. commutata Giirke in Richter-Curke Pl. Europ. II (1899) 286.—S.angustifolia subsp.vulgaris var.commutata Briq. Prodr. Fl. Cors. I (1910) 546.— Exs.: H. F. A. M.no. 473. Perennial; stem smooth, glaucous, 30—80 cm long; leaves obovate, oblong, or elliptic, with naked or ciliate margin, 2—4cm long and 1.2—2 cm broad, attenuate or rounded at base, mucronulate from an obtuse apex; bracts small, scarious; calyx 13—18mm long, elongating in fruit to 20 mm, with broadly triangular acutish teeth, glabrous; petals one and a half times to twice as long as calyx, white; limb parted nearly to base; coronal scales wanting; claw glabrous; carpophore 2—5 mm long, glabrous. May — September. Open woods, grassy slopes, fields, and weedy places. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: W.,E.,and S. Transce.; Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Dzu.-Tarb., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: W.and E. Med., As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Sicily (Busambra, Pizzuta, Faviniana). 3. S. uniflora Roth in Usteri Ann. Bot. X (1794) 46.—S.maritima With. Bot carey Beirteplced. 3h (1796) 414; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 305; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 84; Cucubalus behken L. Sp. pl. (1753) 414, pro parte.— S.amoena With. Bot. arr. Brit. pl. ed. 2, I (1787) 449,non L.— Lychnis behen (repens) Hornem. Fl. dan. V, Heft XV (1782) 3, tab. 857.— ? Cucubalus maritimus Lam. Encycl. Il (1786) 220.— Silene inflata 6 maritima Otth. in DC. Prodr. I (1 824) 368.— Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, tab. 299. — Exs.: HFR no. 2980. Perennial; stems sprawling, ascending, glabrous, 7-15 cm long; leaves lanceolate, 1—2.5cm long and 0.3—0.6 cm broad, glabrous, ciliate-margined, 457 598 acute, attenuate toward base; flowers solitary or several on the stem; pedicels as long as calyx; bracts lanceolate, herbaceous; calyx broadly campanulate, inflated, 12—16 mm long and 8—14 mm broad, glabrous, with 20 profusely anastomosing nerves, the triangular obtuse teeth with scarious ciliate margin; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb 2-cleft, the large segments obovate; coronal scales lanceolate, acute; capsule subglobose; carpophore glabrous, 4mm long. July— August. (Plate XXXV, Figure 5). Seaside sands and coastal rocks. — Arctic: Arc. Eur. (littoral of Kola Peninsula and Iokan Islands). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., British Islands. Described from Europe. 4, S. Cserei Baumg. Enum. Stirp. Transs. III (1816) 345; Will. in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 49.— S.czerei Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 629; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 136.— S.inflata forma I, Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 305.— S.crispata Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX, I (1856) 315.— S.inflata y spathulata Rel. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 4 (1861) 547.— S.fabaria Rohrb. Monogr. Sil. (1868) 81, ex parte (non Sibth. et Sm.).— S.fabaria B czerei Rohrb. in Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. XIX (1868) 268.— Ic.: Acta Hort. Berg. I, no. 6, fig. 34—35 (1891) exs.: HFR no. 2976. Perennial, glabrous throughout, glaucous; stems ascending or erect at base, 25—45 cm long, branched at summit; leaves rather thick, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, Sometimes spatulate, more or less crowded on lower part of stem, 2—7cm long and 0.5—2.0 cm broad, acute to subobtuse, with dentate-ciliate, often undulate margin, the lower tapering to a fairly long petiole, the upper sessile; pedicels short or long; calyx inflated, ovoid- globular or broad-ovoid, 8-13 mm long and 5—10 mm broad, with 20 faintly anastomosing nerves, the teeth acutish; petals white, one and a half to twice as long as calyx; limb parted nearly to base; coronal scales reduced to a pair of bosses; claw enlarged at summit, minutely pubescent on the margin and on the nerves; carpophores 1—2 mm long, covered with very short hairs; capsule ovoid, 13mm long, 7mm broad, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx; seeds reniform, concentrically tuberculate. May —July. (Plate XXXV, Figure 3). Stony slopes, on and around rocks, wood margins; occasionally roadsides and among crops. — European part: L. Don, Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: Main Range, W. Transc. (Novorossiisk). Gen. distr.: N. Bal., As. Min. (?). Described from Transylvania. Note. On the possibility of confusing this species with S.latifolia (Mill.) Brit. et Rendle (S.venosa auct.) in Ascherson's and Graebner's Synopsis, we find (l.c., page 63) the following note: Vielfach mit breit- blatterigen und kleinblitigen Formen der S.venosa verwechselt worden ist. In fact, among the material that I examined, many specimens were found to be erroneously classified under S.venosa. Ina short note (1928) I already indicated a character which could always be reliably used to distinguish S.cserei from S.latifolia (S.venosa), namely the presence of short hairs on the carpophore of S.cserei as opposed toS.latifolia in which the carpophore,beside being shorter, is always glabrous. 458 599 \\\ \ X ua Wit Wy \\5 ) ANY i AA! 4 PLATE XXXV. 1. Silene conica L.: flower, petal, calyx, capsule.— 2. S.conoidea L.: petal, capsule. — 8. S.cserei Baumg.: flower, calyx, capsule with carpophore.— 4. S.latifolia (Mill.). Rendle et Britt.: flower, calyx, capsule with carpophore.— 5. S.uniflora Roth. 459 601 Series 2. Procumbentes Schischk.— Calyx pubescent; petals notched. 5. S. procumbens Murr. Comment. Goetting. VII (1784) 83; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 3063, Rohrb. Monogr. 83; Shmal"o., FU. 1, 136; Kryl., PlaZapo sib. Vo bOa2. sale Murr.) ic. t2; oy ceisheh., (i. Pl. Mosk. sub. 1 101 — Ess. 2 bE no. 2o0on Perennial; stems profusely branched, decumbent, 10—30 cm long, 4-angled, scabrous, in lower part often glabrate; leaves lanceolate to elliptic - lanceolate, gradually acuminate, 3—9cm long and 0.4—2 cm broad, glabrous or with scattered short hairs, the margin hispidulous; flowers in a spuriously racemose inflorescence, borne singly at tips of stems and in the leaf axils; pedicels shorter to longer than calyx, covered with short retrorse hairs; bracts resembling leaves but smaller; calyx campanulate, 1.5—2 cm long and 3—7mm broad, inflated in fruit and then 8—10 mm broad, 20-nerved, puberulent, with obtuse triangular scarious-margined glabrous teeth; petals white, the broadly obcuneate limb notched; coronal scales toothlike, obtuse; claw glabrous, enlarged at summit; capsule globular-ovoid, 5—6 mm long; carpophore glabrous, 2mm long; seeds ca. 1.5 mmlong, smooth or striate. June — August. (Plate XXXVII, Figure 1). Sandy and sandy-pebbly riverbanks, water meadows, and old fallows. — European part: U.V., V.-Kama,V.-Don,L. Don,L.V., Transv., Bl.; Caucasus: Cisc.; W.Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (N. part), Endemic. Described from Siberia. Series 3. Fimbriatae Boiss. Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 574. — Calyx pubescent; petals fringed-multifid. 6. S. multifida (Ad.) Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 88.— Cucubalus multifidus Ad.in Web. et Mohr, Beitr.I (1805) 57.— C.fimbriatus Gtildenst. Reise II (1791) 24, nomen nud.; M.B. Fl. taur. -cauc. I (1808) 310). descr.— Silene fimbriata Sims, Bot. Mag. (1806) tab. 980; Will. in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 49; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 136.— Ic.: Sims, 1l.c.— Exs.3 HER no,452 Perennial; stems solitary, branched, to 1m long, covered with simple retrorse hairs,sometimes glandular (var. glandulosa Som. et Lev. ). rarely glabrate; leaves broad-ovate, 8-9cm long and 5—6 cm broad, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, the lower long-petioled, the upper sessile, glabrous or sparsely hairy above, pubescent beneath especially on the veins, the margin ciliate; flowers numerous at ends of stem and branches; pedicels glandular -pubescent, usually longer than calyx; calyx reticulate-nerved, broadly campanulate, 13mm long and ca. 8mm broad, inflated in fruit, glandular -pubescent, the triangular acutish teeth narrowly Sscarious-margined; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb obtriangular, dissected into numerous linear segments, gradually narrowing to a glabrous claw; coronal scales none; capsule subglobose, 6 mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore 3mm long; seeds dark brown, bluntly tuberculate, ca.1.75 mm long. June—August. Groves, often beech woods and their margins, more rarely subalpine meadows at altitudes of about 2,400 m.— Caucasus: Cisc., Gr. Cauc., W. and E. Transc., Dag.? Gen.distr.: Lazistan. Described from the Georgian SSR. Type in Moscow. 602 460 7. S.lacera (Stev.) Sims, Bot. Mag. (1821) tab. 2255; Ldb. Fl. Ross. D044 1o>eBoiss, Bl) Or:1,/630; Suppl: 102;— Si:multifida Blacera Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 88.— Cucubalus lacerus Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 262.— Melandryum lacerum Will.in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 50, 188.— Ic.: Bot. Mag. (1821) tab. 2255; Linn. Transact. XI (1815) tab. 34.— Exs.: HFR no. 1709. Perennial; stem branched from base; branches ascending, 15—30 cm long, sparsely hairy; lower leaves twice to four times length of blade, this ovate, 2cm long and 7mm broad, abruptly contracted or subcordate at base, subacute to obtuse, sparsely hairy like the stem; pedicels shorter to longer than calyx, erect or spreading, often nodding; bracts narrowly lanceolate, herbaceous; calyx broadly campanulate, reticulately nerved, pubescent, with triangular teeth, 16mm long and 9mm broad, inflated in fruit; petals slightly longer than calyx, white, more rarely purple, fringed-multifid; coronal scales linear-lanceolate, acute, 3mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule sessile, 10 mm long and 7mm broad; seeds black, flattened, convex on the back, to 2.5mm long. June— August. Taluses, stony slopes, and glacial moraines, at altitudes between 1,500 and 3,000 m.— Caucasus: Centr.and E. parts of the Main Range, Dag., E. Transc. (Kyapaz Mountain, Shakh-Dagh Range). Endemic. Described from Khodzhala River in E. Caucasus. Type in Leningrad (?). Subgenus 2. EUSILENE (Rohrb.) Pax in Nat. Pflanz. III, 1 B. (1889) 71; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 54.— Silenastrum Rouy, Illustr. pl. Eur. rar. IV (1894—1905) 26. — Calyx 10-nerved, the nerves anastomosing as a rule, rarely not anastomosing. Section 1. ODONTOPETALAE Schischk.— Calyx more or less inflated, pubescent; petal limb usually with a lateral tooth. 8. S. oreina Schischk. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ser. 1, II (1936) 144.— S.odontopetala var.ovalifolia Rgl.et Schmalh. Descr. pl. Fedtsch. (1882) 14, non S.ovalifolia Preobr.— Exs.: H. F. A. M. no. 183. Perennial, glandular-puberulent throughout; taproot stout, multicipital, giving rise to numerous flowering stems and short sterile shoots; flowering stems ascending at base, 5—20cm long; radical leaves lanceolate, 1.5—3cm long and 2—4 mm broad, acute, long-petioled; cauline leaves ovate to broad- ovate, 1.5—2.5 cm long and 0.6—1.1 cm broad, sessile, rounded at base, short-acuminate; flowers 1—3, terminal; pedicels one-fifth to one-fourth as long as calyx; calyx campanulate, very slightly inflated, 13—15 mm long, glandular -pubescent, the lanceolate teeth 5—6 mm long, terminating in a long slender point; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-fourth; coronal scales ovate, obtuse; claw glabrous, auriculate at Summit; capsule ovoid, ca.7 mm long; carpophore glabrous, 4mm long. May. (Plate XXXVI, Figure 1). Rock crevices. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Aksai Mountain in Zeravshan, near the village of Alla-Irishak). Endemic. Described from Aksai Mountain. Type in Leningrad. 461 9. S.turcomanica Schischk. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ser. 1, II (1936) 145, Perennial; taproot stout, multicipital, giving rise to several flowering stems and numerous sterile shoots; leaves of radical shoots oblong- obovate or lance-ovate, gradually tapering to a broad petiole, with midrib prominent beneath and obsolescent lateral veins, glabrous, finely wrinkled when dry, 3.5—6 cm long and 0.5—1.3cm broad, acute; cauline leaves 2 or 3 pairs, resembling the radical but smaller, 1.5—2 cm long and 0.4—0.6 cm broad, the margin ciliate at base or naked; stems 6—15 cm long, glabrous in lower half, sparsely covered in upper part with very short glandular hairs; flowers 3—8, crowded at the end of stem and sometimes also on short branchlets in the axils of upper leaves; pedicels pubescent, 2—5 mm long; bracts small, lanceolate, whitish-margined, pubescent; calyx campanulate, very Slightly inflated, 12—14 mm long and 3.5—6 mm broad, covered with short glandular hairs, the acuminate teeth 3—3.5mm long; petals whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third; coronal scales short, obtusish; claw glabrous, auriculate at summit; capsule ovoid, 8—9 mm long; carpophores 4—6 mm long. July. (Plate XXXVI, Figure 3). Stones near melting snow.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh). Endemic. Described from Kopet Dagh. Type in Leningrad. 604 10. S.samarkandensis Preobr. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. XIX (1919) 10 cum tab. (fig. dextra).— S.odontopetalaa@ typica Rgl.in A. P. Fedchenko, Puteshestvie v Turkestan, no.18 (1882) 14.— S.odontopetala f. a Kom. in Trud. SPb. Obshch. Estesvoisp. (1896) 125. Perennial, densely pulvinate; taproot stout, giving rise to few flowering stems and numerous sterile shoots forming leaf rosettes; radical leaves narrowly lanceolate, 10—40 mm long and 1.5—4 mm broad, scabrous on the margin or all over the surface, petiolate; stems ascending at base, 5—10cm long, bearing 1—3 pairs of sessile leaves 5—10 mm long; flowers solitary or 2 or 3 on the stem; calyx oblong-campanulate, 20—25 mm long and 4-5 mm broad, inflated after flowering and then to 10 mm broad, covered with simple crisp or glandular hairs, the broadly triangular-lanceolate acuminate teeth narrowly scarious-margined; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle, with obtuse coronal scales to 2mm long; claw auriculate at summit; capsule ovoid; carpophore glabrous, 7-8 mm long. June— August. (Plate XXXVI, Figure 2). Rocks in mountains, at altitudes between 2,000 and 3,300 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Zeravshan River basin. Type in Leningrad. 11. S. conformifolia Preobr. in Sched. ad Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. — S.samarkandensis subsp.conformifolia Preobr.in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. XIX (1919) 12.— S.odontopetala f. B Kom. in Trud. SPb. Obshch. Estestvoisp. (1896) 125.— Ic.: G. Preobr.,1.c., cum tab. ad pag. 12, fig. sinistra. Perennial, covered in lower part with short simple hairs, in upper part, including calyx, covered with short glandular hairs; taproot branched at summit, giving rise to few flowering stems and numerous short sterile shoots; flowering stems 10—30cm long; radical leaves lanceolate to lance-ovate, acute, gradually tapering to a petiole, 2.5—5.5 cm long and 4—8 mm broad, glabrous on both sides, with minutely ciliolate margin; cauline leaves 462 06 2—4 pairs, resembling the radical but sessile; flowers at the end of stem in a few-flowered dichasium and solitary on branchlets arising from the axils of upper leaves; pedicels 5~10 mm long; calyx cylindric-campanulate, 23—26 mm long and 5mm broad, inflated after flowering and then to 10 mm broad, the broadly triangular short-acuminate teeth ca.5 mm long; petals white or pink, one and a half times as long as calyx, the limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes; capsule ovoid, to 10mm long; carpophore glabrous, 12—15mm long. July — August. (Plate XXXVI, Figure 5). Stony slopes and calcareous rocks, at altitudes up to 3,000 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Gissar Range — Pakshif pass, Zeravshan— Langlif Pass and Vakhsh Range — environ of Kamomi, Darvaza— Khobu — Rabot — Dzhamak). Endemic. Described from Pashkif and Langlif mountain passes. Type in Leningrad. 12. S.michelsoni Preobr. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. XIX (1919) 13 cum fig. Perennial; taproots stout, multicipital, the root collar densely covered with decayed leaves; rosulate leaves oval-spatulate, acuminate, scabrous; stems lateral, 30—40cm long, covered with short hairs; cauline leaves 3 or 4 pairs, pubescent, resembling the radical but smaller; flowers 5—13 ina paniculate-racemose inflorescence, short-pediceled; calyx cylindric - campanulate, inflated, 13—15 mm long and 5—6 mm broad, in fruit to 10 mm broad, covered with simple spreading white hairs, the teeth triangular - lanceolate; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third into oval obtuse lobes, with marginal teeth and obtuse coronal scales, the claw auriculate at summit; capsule ovoid, 10 mm long; carpophore glabrous, 6—7 mm long; capsule ovate, 10 mm long. June-— July. (Plate XXXVI Figure 4). Rocks.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Described from the Sangardak River Pass, on Gissar Range. Endemic. Type in Leningrad. 13. S. adenopetala H. Raik. in Not. Syst. Herb. Horti Bot. Petropol. IV (1923) 169 and in Opred. rast. okr. Tashkenta, no. 2 (1923) 112. Perennial, densely glandular-pubescent throughout; taproot stout; sterile shoots forming basal rosettes; radical leaves lanceolate or ovate- oblong, acute, petiolate, 3—4.5cm long and 5—12 mm broad; flowering stems ascending at base, 12—20cm long, bearing 3 or 4 leaf pairs; cauline leaves sessile, resembling the radical but shorter; flowers 1—5 on the stem; pedicels 3—10 mm long; calyx 20—23 mm long, at anthesis oblong-campanulate and 3—4 mm broad, after flowering inflated and 5—7 mm broad, the narrowly linear slender-pointed teeth one-fourth the length of calyx; petals whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb 5mm long, lobed to one-third, with marginal teeth, glandular-pubescent on the outside; coronal scales obtuse, to 2mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glandular on the outside; capsule ovoid, 10mm long; carpophore glandular -pubescent, to 10 mm long; seeds angular-reniform, tuberculate, 1.5—2 mm long. August. Rock crevices. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Endemic. Described from Ak-Bashtau. Type in Tashkent; cotype in Leningrad. 14. S.raddeana Trautv. in A. H. P. II (1873) 472; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 38; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 411. Perennial, densely tufted; root multicipital, giving rise to numerous abbreviated sterile shoots; flowering stems arising laterally from the 463 (607) PLATE XXXVI. 1. Silene oreina Schischk.— 2. S.samarkandensis Preobr.: petal, capsule with carpophore.— 3. S.turcomanica Schischk.: petal.— 4. S.michelsoni Preobr.— 5. S.conformifolia Preobr.— 6. S.raddeama Trautv. 464 09 radical rosette; stems 5—10cm long, 1- or 2-flowered, covered in lower part with simple retrorse hairs, stringy above, bearing 2 or 3 leaf pairs; radical leaves linear, 1.5—2.5cm long and 1—2 mm broad, acute, glabrous, rugose, with hirtellous margin; cauline leaves resembling the radical but smaller, 0.7—1cm long and 2—3 mm broad; pedicels 1—4mm long; bracts herbaceous, ca.5mm long; calyx inflated, 12—15 mm long and 5—8 mm broad, glandular -pubescent, with acuminate teeth; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb parted to two-thirds into broad-ovate lobes, with marginal teeth; coronal scales suborbicular,0.5—1 mm long; claw glabrous, auriculate at summit; capsule ovoid, 6-8 mm long; carpophore glabrous, ca.4mm long. July—August. (Plate XXXVI, Figure 6). Stony slopes in the alpine zone. — Caucasus: 8S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Kazikoparan and Ashikh-Dad. Type in Leningrad. 15. S. physocalyx Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 321; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 411. Perennial; stems solitary to several, ascending, 10—12 cmhigh, covered with short crisp hairs; radical leaves lanceolate, acute, 3—4 cmlong and 3—4 mm broad, with short recurved hairs; caulineleaves Similar but smaller; flowers 2 or 3atthe end of stem; calyx inflated, ca. 10 mmlong and 5—7 mm broad, covered with short crisp hairs interspersed with glandular; petals white, one and a halftimes as longas calyx, the limb lobed to one-third, with ovate coronal scalesto1.5mmlong. July. Rocks. — Caucasus: W. Transc. (?). Gen. distr.: known from adjoining part of Turkey (vicinity of Artvin). Described from W. Transcaucasia (without precise indication of location). Type in Leningrad. *16. S.artwinensis Schischk. in Ber. d. Tomsk. Staatl. Univers. 77, 3 (1927) 291; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 411. Perennial, covered throughout with glandular hairs; stems numerous, 15—20 cm long, densely clothed at base with remnants of dead leaves; radical leaves linear-spatulate, 5—6 cm long and 2—5 mm broad, 1 -veined, petiolate; cauline leaves lanceolate, 5—12 mm broad, acute, obscurely 3-veined, exceeding internodes; flowers 3—7 at the end of stem, short- pediceled; bracts herbaceous; calyx broadly campanulate, inflated, 15mm long and 8-10 mm broad, glandular -pubescent, with lanceolate acuminate teeth; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third, with ovate obtuse basal appendages; claw glabrous, auriculate at Summit; capsule (immature) ovoid, 6 mm long, about equaling the glabrous carpophore. July. Not found so far in the USSR, known from the vicinity of Artvin. Endemic. Described from near the village of Khantushet. Type in Tiflis. 17. S.lazica Boiss. Diagn. Pl. nov. ser. I, 1 (1842) 35; Fl. Or. 1, 624; Rohrb. Monogr. 142; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 101; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 410. Perennial; stems numerous, erect, 15—20 cm long, glandular-pubescent as are the leaves; radical leaves soon wilting; cauline leaves 5—8 pairs, rounded -ovate, 1.5—3 cm long and 1—2.5cm broad; acuminate, sessile, subcordate at base, sometimes undulate-margined, longer or very slightly shorter than internodes; flowers at tips of stems and branches in 3-flowered dichasia; pedicels shorter than calyx; calyx cylindric, 22—26 mm long and ca.5 mm broad, densely glandular-pubescent, with acuminate lanceolate teeth; 465 610 petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb 2-cleft to the middle, with linear marginal teeth and oblong obtuse coronal scales ca.2 mm long; claw auriculate at summit; capsule ovoid, 10mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore glabrous, as long as capsule. July —August. Rocks. — Caucasus: W.Transc. Gen.distr.: Turkish Lazistan. Described from Lazistan Mountain. Type in Geneva. 18. S.commelinifolia Boiss. Diagn. Pl. nov. ser. I, 1 (1842) 35; Fl. Or. 1, 624; Rohrb. Monogr. 128; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 84. Perennial, woody at base; stems numerous, herbaceous, 10—15 cm long, glandular-puberulent as are the leaves; lower leaves lance-linear, gradually tapering to a long ciliate petiole and together with it 4—5 cm long, 2-3 mm broad; upper cauline leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, 12—15 mm long and 5—7 mm broad, acute, prominently 3—5-veined beneath; flowers solitary or in 3-flowered dichasia at tips of stems and branches; bract herbaceous, lanceolate; calyx cylindric, 2.5—2.8cm long, glandular-hairy, with lanceolate long-acuminate teeth; petals lurid, ca.3.5cm long; limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes, with coronal scales ca.1 mm long; claw enlarged at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, tapering at the top, 9-10 mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore pubescent in lower part, as long as capsule; seeds rounded -reniform, striate,ca.2mm long. May. Rocks. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Bechenakh, Ordubad, between Negram and Kyzyl-Vank). Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd., N. Iran. Described from Iran (Zerdkhou Mountain) and Armenia. Type in Geneva. Section 2. CINCINOSILENE Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 67, 93.— Lasiocalycinae Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 569, ex parte. — Inflorescence racemose, more or less elongate, simple or more often dichotomously branched, the lower flowers minutely pedicellate, the upper sessile; annuals or biennials. Series 1. Dichotomae Rohrb.,1.c.— Bracts herbaceous; inflorescence with short-pediceled alar flowers. 19. S.dichotoma Ehrh. Beitr. VII (1792) 144; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 315 (part.); Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 94, excl. var.; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,137; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. Ve 10545 les Rechb.. les) Mle Germ Valotaaaln. Annual or biennial; stem 40—70cm long, crisp-pubescent, branched; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4—5cm long and 1.5—2 cm broad, acute, 3—5-veined on both surfaces, covered with appressed crisp hairs; leaves of axillary fascicles narrower; flowers at tips of stem and branches, the lower with petioles 1—2 mm long, the upper sessile, usually horizontally spreading at anthesis, ascending in fruit; bracts lance-linear, ca.5 mm long, scarious on the margin or throughout; calyx 11—13 (15) mm long, 3—4 mm broad, covered with stiffish recurved or subpatulous hairs, the lanceolate acute teeth to 3mm long; petals white, one andahalftimesas long as calyx; limb parted to two-thirds into oblong lobes, with coronal scales to 1/2mm long; capsule ovoid; carpophore glabrous, 1—2 mm long; seeds reniform, 1.5 mm long and 1mm broad, dull, slightly tuberculate. End of May, June—July. (Plate XXXVIL Figure 5). Among crops and borders of plowfields. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., Dv.-Pech (Velsk), U. Dnp., M. Dnp., U. V., V.-Kama, Transv. (very infrequently 466 11 312 Bl., V.-Don, L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc.; W. Transc. (Abrau, Novorossisk); W. Siberia: Ob (Tobol). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., and naturalized in N. America. Described from Hungary (?). Economic importance. A widespread weed of ceral crops, clover, alfalfa, etc. 20. S.iberica M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 335; Schischk. in Bull. Mus. Géorgie I (1920—22) 4; Gross., Fl. Kavk. Il, 406.—S.racemosayIBE iberica Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 589.— S.dichotoma var.iberica Trautv. in A. H. P. IV, 2 (1878) 354; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 55.— Exs.: HFR no. 2856. Annual or biennial; stem 30—80cm long, branched from base, crisp- puberulent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5cm long and 1.5 cm broad, short- hairy, acute, tapering to a fairly long petiole; upper leaves linear, smaller; flowers at tips of stem and branches in rather short 1-sided racemes, the lower on pedicels 1—2 mm long, the upper sessile, erect or divergent or deflexed, in fruit always erect and appressed to rachis; bracts lanceolate, 5—6 mm long, acute, ciliate-margined, the lower herbaceous with a rather broad scarious margin, the upper scarious throughout, slightly suffused with rose-violet; calyx doliform or broad-ovoid, sometimes subglobose, 7—10 (11) mm long and 4—6 mm broad, slightly pubescent or subglabrous, with acute teeth; petals white, twice as long as calyx; limb parted to four-fifths into linear -oblong lobes, with basal appendages 0.5mm long; claw glabrous; capsule broad-ovoid, 5.5mm long and 4.5mm broad;. carpophore glabrous, 2.5mm long. May— August. (Plate XXXVII, Figure 2). Stony slopes, pebbly riverbanks, and fields. — Caucasus: Dag. (very infrequently), E., W. (Adzhariya) and S. Transc. Gen.distr.: As. Min. (N. part). Described from Georgia. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Often occurring in Transcaucasia as a weed of cereal crops. 21. S.talyschensis Schischk. in Bull. du Museum de Géorgie I (192022) 7; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 407. — Ic.: Schischk.,1.c., tab. II. Biennial, crisp-puberulent throughout; stem branched almost from base, 20—40 cm long; leaves ovate, ca.3cm long and 1—1.5cm broad, thickish, acute or obtuse, short-petioled; flowers subsessile, in Short racemes; bracts lanceolate, acute, scarious; calyx cylindric, 11mm long and 4mm broad, densely covered with soft hairs to 4mm long; teeth ovate-lanceolate, with Scarious ciliate margin; petals white, about twice as long as calyx; limb 2-parted to four-fifths into oblong lobes, with quadrangular -orbicular coronal scales; capsule ovoid, five to six times as long as carpophore; seeds triangular-reniform, tuberculate. May—June. Mountain meadows and slopes.— Caucasus: Tal. Endemic. Described from Zuvant. Type in Tiflis. 22. S.thirkeana C. Koch in Linnaea XIX (1847) 56; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 407.—S.racemosa Bsibthorpiana Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 589, ex parte. Biennial; stem 40—70 cm long, crisp-puberulent as are the leaves, branched from base; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3—7 (10) em long and 1—3 (5)cm broad, sparsely hairy above, more profusely beneath, especially on the veins, acute, tapering to a rather long petiole, this sometimes equaling the blade; flowers in 1-sided racemiform inflorescences 10—30cm long, 467 613 short-pediceled; upper bracts scarious, sometimes purple-tinged; calyx crisp-puberulent, 10—11 mm long and 3—4mm broad; petals white; limb cleft to the middle or two-thirds, with coronal scales at base; capsule ovoid, 7mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore 1.5mm long; seeds bluntly tuberculate, to 1.5mm long. June—August. Dry slopes and as a weed among crops. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Gen. distr.: E.Med., As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Asia Minor. Type in Berlin; cotype in Leningrad. 23. S. euxina Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 184; Schischk.in Bull. du Mus. de Géorgie I (1920-22) 8.—S.dichotoma y Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 315.—S.racemosa 6 rubriflora Boiss. Fl. Or. 1(1867) 589. — S.racemosa e€ euxina Boiss. Suppl. (1883) 92; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 56.—Ic.: Ann. Nat. Hofm. Wien XXIII (1909) t. 8, Peer. Biennial, crisp-pubescent throughout; stem branched from base, ascending, 12—50cm long, clothed at the collar with remnants of dead leaves; basal leaves oblong-spatulate, acute; cauline leaves narrower, 1-veined, ca.3 cm long and 3—7 mm broad; bracts lanceolate, scarious; inflorescence racemose; pedicels 2—4 mm long, at anthesis sometimes divergent, after flowering appressed to rachis; calyx crisp-hairy, cylindric, 10—12 mm long and 3 mm broad, prominently nerved, the teeth obtuse; petals purplish-red, about twice as long as calyx; limb parted nearly to base into oblong lobes, with minute orbicular basal appendages; capsule ovoid, three times as long as carpophore; seeds reniform, tuberculate, ca. 1mm long. June— August. Seaside sands. — Caucasus: W. Transc. (Gudaut to Batum). Gen. distr.: Lazistan, Anatolia. Described from the environs of Poti. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Scorpioideae Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 67, 96. — Bracts scarious; alar flowers none; inflorescence fully 1-sided. 24. S. anglica L. Sp. pl.(1753)'416.— S.gallica L.,1l.¢., 417; Ldby BE. Ross. 1,315; Boiss. Fl. Or.1I, 590; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 96; Shmal'g., FI. I, 137.—S.lusitanica L.,S.quinquevulnera L.Sp. pl. (1753) 416. — Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, tab. 272. Biennial; stem ascending or erect, branched or more rarely simple, 15—30 cm long, covered with long patulous simple as well as short glandular hairs; leaves oblong-spatulate or lanceolate, 1.5—3 cm long and 2—7 mm broad, covered like the stem with simple and glandular hairs; inflorescence a simple 1-sided raceme; pedicels short; bracts herbaceous, lance-linear; calyx tubular, 8mm long and 2—3 mm broad, somewhat inflated in fruit, tapering at summit, with nonanastomosing nerves, covered with long patulous simple as well as short glandular hairs; teeth linear- lanceolate acute; petals white or purple, longer than calyx; limb obovate, notched or crenate at apex, with coronal scales at base; filaments hairy in lower part; capsule oblong-ovoid, subsessile; seeds reniform, ca. 1mm long, blackish, convex on the back, slightly tuberculate. May—June. (Plate XXXVII, Figure 3). Sandy shores, gardens, and cultivated fields. — European part: U. Dnp.; Caucasus: Cisc.,W.Transc.,Tal. Gen.distr.: Centr.and Atl. Eur., W. and E.Med.,Bal.-As.Min., Iran. (Pahlevi); almost universally introduced. Described from France. Type in London. 468 25. §. brachypetala Rob. et Cast.ex DC.in Lam. et DC. Fl. France V, Suppl. (1815) 607; Williams in Journ. of Lin. Soc. XXXII (1891) 59; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 406.—S.nocturna B pauciflora Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 372.— S.nocturna var. brachypetala Benth. Cat. Pyren. (1826) 122; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 101. — Ic.: Rchb.Ic. Fl. Germ. f. 5058. Annual; stems 8—20cm long, branched from base in lower part minutely hirtellous, in upper part glandular; basal leaves spatulate, obtuse, ca. 3 cm long and ca. 1 cm broad, tapering to a rather broad petiole, the median narrower, the upper linear; margin beset with leaves with long white cilia especially in lower part; leaves of fascicles in the axils of cauline leaves narrow; flowers in an obscurely 1-sided raceme; pedicels 1.5—3 mm, rarely to 8mm long; bracts linear; calyx with 10 green nerves profusely anastomosing in upper part, 7—10 mm long, with lanceolate acute teeth, heavily hirtellous; petals white, to 2.5mm long, notched, without coronal scales, gradually tapering to a short glabrous claw; filaments subglabrous; capsule oblong, 9mm long and 3mm broad; carpophore 0.5—5 mm long, covered with very short hairs; seeds reniform, grooved on the back, short- tubercled, with auriculately concave faces, grayish-rufescent, to 1/2 mm long. June Seaside sands. — Caucasus: Tal. (Sara Island). Gen. distr.: W.and E. Med. Described from S. France (vicinity of Marseilles). Type in Paris. 26. S. pendula L. Sp. pl. (1753) 418; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1,590; Rorhb. Monogr. Silene 111; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 69; Shmal'g., F1. 1, Tai eGmosse eh lakavies Tei4d2 2 lenwhchb: len PlaGerm.5 t: 279; £2507 0: Annual or biennial, patulously soft-hairy, with glandular hairs at summit; stem 10—35 cm long, branched from base, ascending; leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong, tapering to a fairly long petiole or the upper sessile, acute or the lower obtuse, 3cm long and 0.5—1.5 cm broad; flowers in a racemiform sometimes 1-sided inflorescence; pedicels 0.5—1.5 cm long; bracts herbaceous, lanceolate; calyx glandular-pubescent, oblong, 13—15 mm long, somewhat inflated and pendulous in fruit, with 10 prominent almost winged nerves; teeth ovate, obtuse; petals roseate, about twice as long as calyx; limb deeply notched, with oblong obtuse coronal scales 1mm long; claw glabrous; capsule ovoid, 9mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore glabrous, 3—5 mm long; seeds reniform-orbicular, ca.1 mm long, minutely and sharply tuberculate, grooved on the back. June—July. Cultivated ground, vegetable and ornamental gardens. — European part: U. Dnp., M. Dnp.; Caucasus: Cisc.,W.Transc. Gen.distr.: Atl. Eur., Med., As. Min., cultivated and introduced in Centr. Eur. Described from Crete and Sicily. Type in London. Series 3. Dipterospermae Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 69, 114. — Seeds deeply and narrowly grooved on the back, the groove flanked by 2 undulate wings; inflorescence monochasial; annual plants. 27. S.apetala Willd. Sp. pl. ed. IV, II (1799) 703; Boiss. Fl. Or.1, 596; Rohrh. Monogr. 118; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 74. — Ic.: Rehb. Jeni. GermaVijt.2 5.5060. Annual, appressed-puberulent; stem 10—30cm long, branched in upper half; leaves lance-linear, 1—2.5cm long and 2—4 mm broad; pedicels 2—3 cm long; calyx campanulate-clavate, 6—8 mm long, the nerves not 469 615 616 anastomosing, the triangular-lanceolate acute teeth with scarious ciliate margin; petals none or linear, shorter to rarely very slightly longer than calyx, the limb 2-lobed; capsule globular, 5mm long; carpophore glabrous, 1mm long; seeds rounded-reniform, ca.1cm [?] long, with 2 approximate thickish dorsal wings. April. Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Balkhan Bay). Gen. distr.: W.and E. Med., As. Min., Iran., Ind.-Him., Afr. (Abyssinia). Classical location unknown. Type in Berlin. Section 3. COMPACTAE Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 569. — Petals entire, rosy-purple, with large coronal scales; flowers perfect, crowded ina terminal head or a compact corymb. 28. S. compacta Fisch. Hort. Gorenk. (1812) 60 nom. nud.; in Hornem. Hort. Halfawl (U8i3) 417s edbskl. Bosse lis2; Boiss IMOr i, pee — S.armeria subsp.B compacta Schmalh., Fl.1. (1895) 138.—S.armeria var.compacta Fedtsch. et Fler., Fl. Evr. Ross. II (1909) 396. — Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, t. 284. — Exs.: HFR no. 2974; Herb. Fl. cauc. no. 228. Annual or biennial; stem 20—70cm long, erect, simple or slightly branched in upper part, glaucescent as are the leaves; lower leaves spatulate; middle leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, rounded or subcordate at base, acute or obtuse, 2.5—8 cm long and 7—35 mm broad; bracts ovate, acuminate, 7—8 mm long, whitish-membranous, with a brownish midrib; flowers short-pediceled, crowded in a compact inflorescence at tips of stem and branches; calyx cylindric, 24mm long; limb light purple, entire; coronal scales linear-lanceolate, acute, 3—4 mm long; claw auriculate at summit; capsule 6—7 mm long, 2.5mm broad; carpophore 9—10 mm long; seeds 0.5mm in diameter, reniform-orbicular, bluntly tuberculate, grooved onthe back. June—July. Open woods, coppices, sandy riverbanks, field borders, and plowfields. — European part: Bl.; Caucasus: Cisc., Main Range, Dag., W., E., andS.Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Russia. Economic importance. Often cultivated in gardens for ornament. 29. S.armeria L. Sp. pl. (1753) 420; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 325; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 138.— Ic.: Hegi Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. III, t. 99. — Exs.: HFR no. 2010. Annual; stem 20—50cm long, erect, simple or in upper part slightly branched, glabrous and glaucescent as are the leaves; lower leaves spatulate; middle leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, sessile, subcordate at base, 3—7 cm long and 0.7—3 cm broad; bracts acuminate, 7mm long, scarious; inflorescence corymbose-paniculate; pedicels short; calyx cylindric-clavate, 14—16 mm long, 2.5 mm broad, the obtuse teeth ciliate; petals one and a half times as long as calyx; limb light purple, entire, obovate-cuneate, notched; coronal scales lanceolate, acute; 3—4 mm long; claw auriculate at summit; capsule ovoid, 6-7 mm long; carpophore 5—6 mm long; seeds 0.5 in diameter, bluntly tuberculate. June—July. Fields, vegetable and ornamental gardens. — European part: U. Dnp., M. Dnp.; E. Siberia: Dau. (introduced). Gen.distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., W. Med.; introduced in India, N. America, and Brazil. Described from France. Type in London. 470 617 Economic importance. Sometimes cultivated in gardens for ornament. Section 4. CHLORANTHAE Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 74. — Petals yellowish- green, rarely roseate or purple, parted nearly to base; calyx rather small, mostly glabrous, rarely scabrous-pubescent. Series 1. Ecoronatae Schischk. — Coronal scales none or reduced to 2 bosses; sterile shoots in the leaf axils wanting or little developed. 30. S. chlorantha (Willd.) Ehrh. Beitr. VII (1792) 144; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 319; Rohrb. Monogr. 184; Williams, Revisio Silene 141; Shmal'g., Fl.1.141; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1056.— Cucubalus chloranthus Willd. Prodr. Fl. Berol. (1787) 155.— Silene elata Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 370. — S.subspathulata Schur, Enum. transsilv. (1866) 102. —Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, t.293.— Exs.: HFRno.56; Fl. polon. exs. no. 317. Perennial; stem erect, unbranched, glabrous, 30—80 cm long; radical leaves lanceolate, 3—9cm long and 4—9 mm broad, tapering to a rather long petiole, short-acuminate, with a rough margin; cauline leaves smaller, linear-lanceolate to linear; inflorescence a slender 1-sided racemiform panicle,the 3—many-flowered branches appressed to stem or ascending; flowers nodding or deflexed; pedicels longer than calyx; bracts ovate- lanceolate, scarious, the margin ciliate; calyx tubular, 9—12 mm long and 2—3 mm broad, glabrous, with obtuse teeth and inconspicuous nerves; petals greenish-yellow, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into linear lobes, bossed at base; claw glabrous-auriculate and fringed at summit; capsule ovoid, 8mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore pubescent or subglabrous, to 2mm long. July—September. Steppes, open woods, wood margins, sandy or stony, often calcareous, slopes, and fallows. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama,Ural,U.Dnp., M. Dnp., V-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim. (?), L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc. (Stavropol); W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (Minusinsk); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.(N.), Balkh. (N.). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., (E. part). Described from Prussia (Spandau). Type in Berlin. Note. The flowers emit in the evening a scent reminiscent of that of Platanthera. 31. S. multiflora (Ehrh.) Pers. Syn.I (1805) 497; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 311; Shmal'g., Fl.I.141.— Cucubalus multiflorus Ehrh. Beitr. VII (1792) 141. Perennial; stem erect, simple, 40—90 cm long, puberulent in lower part, usually glabrous above; radical and lower cauline leaves spatulate, 7 cm long and 1—2 cm broad, subobtuse, tapering to a long petiole, scabrous-pubescent, with ciliate margins; upper cauline leaves lance-linear, short-acuminate, sessile; inflorescence a racemiform panicle; pedicels glabrous or more rarely puberulent, one-fifth to half as long as calyx; calyx cylindric-clavate, 10—15 mm long and ca. 2 mm broad, smooth or with very short crisp hairs, the obtuse teeth ciliate on the scarious margin; petals white, one and a half 47] 618 times as long as calyx; limb parted nearly to base; coronal scales none or very small; claw ciliate; capsule oblong-ovaloid, 7—8 mm long; carpophore 6mm long, short-hairy. June—July. Steppe and water meadows; open woods. — European part: M. Dnp., Bl., V.-Don. L. Don, Transv., L. V., V.-Kama; W.Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Gen.distr.: Hungary, Transylvania, Dobruja. Described from Hungary (?). 32. S. gawrilowii Krassn.in sched. ad Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS. — S.holopetala var.gawrilowii Krassn., Opyt razv. Fl. Vost. Tien Shan (1888) 336.— S.gawrilowii (Krassn.) M. Pop. in textu sub S.praemixta M. Pop.in Bull. Univ. As. centr. IX, Suppl. (1925) 37. Perennial; stems several, 25—35 cm long, simple, glabrous; lower leaves spatulate or narrowly obovate, 1.5—3 cm long and 5—7 mm broad, acute or obtuse, sparsely ciliate at base, tapering to petiole the length of blade; upper leaves smaller, sometimes with axillary fascicles; flowers in a long slender racemiform panicle; pedicels glabrous, 5—7 mm long; calyx clavate, 8—10mm long, glabrous, the obtuse teeth broadly scarious-margined and ciliate; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb parted nearly to base into obovate lobes, without coronal scales; claw densely ciliolate, especially in lower part; filaments glabrous; capsule ovoid, 5—6 mm long; carpophore puberulent, 2mm long; seeds triangular-reniform, ca.1mm long. May—June. Conglomerates. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Endemic. Described from Ketmen pass. Type in Leningrad. 33. S. balchaschensis Schischk. Acta Inst. Bot. Ac.Sc. URSS. Ser. I, III (1936). Perennial; taproot stout, vertical or ascending, multicipital; stems several, ascending at base, 15—30 cm long, glabrous; radical leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 2—3 cm long and 1—3 mm broad, acute, the margin ciliolate; cauline leaves lanceolate to linear, 2—4 cm long and 1—5 mm broad, the lower petioled, the upper sessile; flowers in a slender racemiform panicle; pedicels glabrous, 5—10mm long, often nodding; bracts lanceolate, the scarious margin ciliate; calyx clavate, ca.8 mm long, glabrous, the obtuse scarious-margined teeth sparingly ciliate; petals greenish-yellow or lurid, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb 2-parted nearly to base into obovate lobes, without coronal scales; claw obscurely ciliate or subglabrous; filaments glabrous; capsule ovoid, 5mm long; carpophore scabrous, 2—3 mm long. June. Gravelly slopes and wormwood-and saltwort semidesert. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Bertys, Ak-Dzhar, Altyn-Emel). Endemic. Described from Bertys Bay. Type in Leningrad. 34. S. glaucescens Schischk. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. Ser. 1, III (1936). Perennial; stems numerous, very rarely 2, erect, 30—60cm long, glabrous, glaucous, branched; radical leaves soon wilting, 2—5.5 cm long and 0.7—1.5 cm broad, tapering to a long petiole; cauline leaves sessile or gradually tapering to a short somewhat ciliate petiole, obovate, 3—4 cm long and 1—1.5 cm broad, thickish, acute or short-acuminate, often with 619 axillary fascicles of narrower leaves; flowers at tips of stems and branches in long racemiform panicles; pedicels stoutish, 4-10 mm long; calyx cylindric-clavate, 7-10mm long, glabrous, the obtuse teeth scarious- margined and densely ciliate; petals greenish-yellow; limb parted nearly to base into oblong lobes, without coronal scales; claw minutely ciliolate in lower part; filaments glabrous; capsule broad-ovoid, 7mm long; carpophore glabrous, 1-3 mm long; seeds reniform, finely striate, ca.1.5mm long. June. Solonetz desert steppes. — Centr. Asia: Syr D. Endemic. Described from Kabadian, Kokand district. Type in Leningrad. 35. S. lithophila Kar. et Kir.in Bull. Soc. Natur. Moscou, XV (1842) 167; db. EE Rossi, 776; Rohrb.: Monogr: 193: Perennial, very slightly woody at base; stem erect or ascending, simple or with few ascending branches, 10—25 cm long, glabrous; leaves linear, the radical numerous, the cauline 2 or 3 pairs, distant, 2—6 cm long and 1—2 mm broad, acute, scabrous-margined, erect or falcately recurved, often with axillary fascicles of narrower leaves; flowers solitary or 3—5 on the stem, erect or horizontally spreading or very rarely pendulous; pedicels terminal or axillary, 2—5 times as long as calyx; bracts linear, the broadly membranous margin ciliate; calyx cylindric, 10—11 mm long, 2 mm broad, glabrous, with short triangular obtuse teeth and 10 broad violet-tinged nerves; petals whitish or dark purple, about twice as long as calyx; limb parted nearly to base into linear lobes, without coronal scales, the claw enlarged at summit; capsule ovoid, 7-8 mm long and 3—4 mm broad; carpophore glabrous,4mm long. July. Rocks and stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Dzhungarian Ala-Tau (Leps stream). Type in Leningrad. Note. A species displaying variability only in the lower part of its distribution area where forms occur with a taller branched many-flowered stem, the petal limb sometimes with basal teeth (var.tianschanica Schischk.). Series 2. Tataricae Schischk. — Fascicles of narrower leaves present in the axils of cauline leaves. 36. S.tatarica (L.) Pers. Syn. 1 (1805) 497; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 312; Shmal'g., 1s earl a iksevlee tile Aap) sibs Vey loa | Cucubalus vatanicus li) Spfpl: (1753) 415. — Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, t. 292; Syreishch., II]. Fl. Mosk. gub. Li aliO2). Perennial; stem erect, very slightly woody at base, simple or somewhat branched, 25—100cm long, sparsely covered with crisp hairs and often reddish at base, glabrous elsewhere; lower leaves wilting at anthesis; middle cauline leaves lanceolate, 3.5—5 cm long and 4—6 mm broad, acute, tapering at base to a short petiole, ciliate-margined, with axillary fascicles of narrower leaves; panicle racemiform, sometimes secund; pedicels shorter than to twice or thrice as long as calyx, crisp-hairy in upper part; calyx 10—11 mm long and 2.5mm broad, glabrous, with acute teeth, often reddish like the stem; bracts lanceolate, ca. 6 mm long, scarious, ciliate- margined; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb parted to two-thirds into linear lobes, with coronal scales reduced to a pair of 473 620 623 bosses; claw glabrous, not enlarged at summit; capsule oblong, 8 mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore very slightly pubescent, 2mm long; seeds triangular-reniform, to 1mm long, bluntly tuberculate, flat on the back. May—August. Pine woods, sandy sea banks, and meadows. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Ilm., Dv.-Pech., U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl. L. Don, L. V.(N. part); Caucasus: Cisc. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur., Bal. (N. part). Described from Tatarin. Type in London. 37. S. praemixta M. Pop. in Opred. rast. okr. Tashkenta II (1924) 110 et in Bull. Univ. As. centr. IX, Suppl. (1925) 37.—S.turkestanica Rgl. et Schm. Pl. Fedtsch. (1882) 13, non Rgl. (1873). — Exs.: H. F. A. M. no. 122. Perennial; stems several to numerous, 20—50cm long, very slightly ascending at base, then erect, scaberulous in lower part; radical leaves spatulate or lanceolate, 5—8 cm long and 0.5—1 cm broad, acuminate, long- petioled, with ciliolate margin; cauline leaves shorter and narrower, with axillary fascicles; flowers in a long raceme; pedicels 8—12 mm long; bracts lance-subulate, broadly scarious-margined at base; calyx cylindric-clavate, 10mm long and 2mm broad, scarious-margined, glabrous, the teeth ciliate; petals buff, with dark longitudinal stripes, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb 2-parted nearly to base, without coronal scales; claw glabrous; capsule ovoid, 6—9 mm long; carpophore pubescent, 2.5—3 mm long; seeds reniform, finely striate. May—June. Loess hills, southern slopes, and semideserts. — Centr. Asia: Syr D., Balkh. (S.), T. Sh. (foothills). Endemic. Described from Karakskaya steppe. Type in Leningrad. 38. S.dagestanica Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 194; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. I, 409. — S.saxatilis 6 dagestanica Boiss. Suppl. (1888) 103; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 166. Perennial, woody at base; stems numerous, erect, herbaceous, up to 15—35 cm long, densely retrorse-hairy up to the middle, glabrous above; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, undulate-margined, 1 cm long and 4—5 mm broad, tapering to a short broad petiole, attenuate at apex to a short reflexed tip, glabrous above, hispid on the veins beneath and on the margin; leaves of axillary fascicles smaller, recurved; inflorescence a panicle with few 1—3-flowered branches; bracts small, herbaceous; flowers nodding, the petiole shorter to longer than calyx; calyx campanulate, 8—9mm long and 3 mm broad, glabrous, the acutish teeth with scarious ciliate margin; petals greenish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb parted nearly to base into obovate lobes; coronal scales ovate, acutish, to 1mm long; claw auriculate and ciliate at summit; filaments glabrous or in lower part very sparsely hairy; capsule ovoid, 7—9mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore hairy, 2mm long; seeds rounded-reniform, 1.5mm long, minutely and bluntly tuberculate. June—July. (Plate XXXVII, Figure 4). Rocks and pebbly banks of mountain streams, at altitudes between 1,500 and 2,000 m. — Caucasus: Dag., E. Transc.: Kubeno Pass near Khinalug. Endemic. Described from Daghestan (Bezhit River). Type in Leningrad. 5402 474 (621), PLATE XXXVII. 1. Silene procumbens Murr, — 2. S.iberica M.B.: flower.— 3. S.anglica L.: flower, leaf. — 5. S.dichotoma Ehrh.: flower. flower. — 4. S.dagestanica Rupr.: 475 624 39. S. chloropetala Rupr. Fl. Caucasi (1869) 195; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 409.—S.longipetala Boiss. Fl. Or. Suppl., 103, non Vent.; Williams, Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 165 quo ad pl. cauc., non Vent. Perennial; stems several, 30—100 cm long, knotted and puberulent at base, glabrous and viscid above; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to a rather long petiole, together with it 4—7 cm long, 1.0—1.7 cm broad, short- hairy, with axillary fascicles of linear leaves; panicle loose, with slender subpatulous 3—7-flowered branches; bracts small, herbaceous, with scarious ciliate margin; pedicels 0.7—3 cm long, glabrous or in lower part sparsely and inconspicuously hairy; calyx glabrous, 8—9mm long and 2.5—3.5mm broad, the obtuse teeth with scarious ciliate margin; petals yellowish-green, about twice as long as calyx; limb parted nearly to base into oblong lobes, with coronal scales 0.5mm long, the glabrous claw auriculate at summit; filaments glabrous; capsule ovoid, 10mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore glabrous or very slightly scaberulous, 3mm long. June—July. Dry stony slopes, at altitudes between 1,100 and 1,500m.— Caucasus: Dag. Endemic. Described from Daghestan, from the Avarsk Koi-Su River. Type in Leningrad. 40. S,eremitica Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 644; Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 223; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 182; Schischk. in Trav. du Mus.de Georgie I,15.—S.salsuginosa Fom.in Acta Horti Tiflis. VI, 3 (1904) 34; Herb. viv. Suppl.I (1910) 175. Perennial; stems branched from base, 30—60 cm long, scabrous, some- times glabrous at summit; leaves lance-linear, 2—3 cm long and 0.3—0.8 cm broad, sharply scabrous on the margin, 1-veined, with axillary fascicles of shorter and narrower leaves; flowers solitary at tips of stems and branches; pedicels shorter to longer than calyx, erect or nodding, commonly glutinous; bracts lanceolate, acute ca. 2mm long; calyx cylindric, 10—12 mm long, glabrous, with obtuse scarious-margined teeth; petals yellowish-green, about twice as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third into oblong lobes; coronal scales none or reduced to a pair of bosses; claw not enlarged at summit; capsule ovoid, 11mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore smooth, 3mm long. July—August. Dry stony and solonetzic slopes. — Caucasus: 8S. Transc.: Araks River at Iranian border (Karchevan, Bezoglybak). Gen. distr.: N. Iran, Turkish Armenia (between the villages of Kulp and Pirno). Described from N. Iran (between Khoi and Seidkodzhi). Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. 41. S.macrostyla Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 54; Rhrb. Monogr. 185; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II, 193.— S.foliosa B macrostyla Rohrb. in Linnaea XXXVI (1870) 683.—S.tatarica y willfordi Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1862) 314.—S.tatarica §6 macrostyla Rgl.,l.c., (1862) 314. Perennial; stems 1—3, with numerous sterile shoots at base, simple or branched at summit, glabrous or in lower part slightly pubescent, 50—70 cm long; leaves lanceolate, 3—8 cm long and 0.4—2 cm broad, acute, narrowing toward base, ciliate-margined, with axillary fascicles of narrower leaves; bracts linear, with scarious ciliate margin; pedicels about equaling calyx; cymes axillary and terminal, forming a racemiform panicle; calyx broadly campanulate, 6—7 mm long, glabrous; teeth triangular, acutish, with scarious 476 625 ciliate margin; petals white, twice as long as calyx, cuneate; limb lobed to one-third, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, without coronal scales; claw and filaments glabrous; style one and a half to two and a half times length of calyx; capsule ovoid,S5—9 mm long; carpophore 1.5—2 mm long; seeds grooved on the back. July—beginning of September. Dry turfy slopes with stony or sandy soil. — Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen, distr.: Manchuria, N. Korea. Described from the Ussuri River valley (environs of Nora and Atsa). Type in Leningrad. 42. S.koreana Kom., in A.H. P. XVIII (1901) 440; Fl. Mansh. II, 198. — Ic.: Kom., Fl. Mansh. II, tab. III. Annual or biennial; stem erect, 20—70cm long, sparsely scabrous- puberulent, viscid; radical leaves marcescent; cauline ovate or lance- linear, 2—6cm long and 2—15 mm broad, long-petioled, with axillary fascicles; inflorescence a racemiform panicle, with viscid branches; pedicels ca. 10mm long; bracts lanceolate; calyx cylindric-clavate, 7—9(10)mm long and 2mm broad, glabrous, with obtusish scarious-margined teeth; petals whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb deeply notched, without coronal scales; claw glabrous as are filaments; capsule ovoid, 8mm long; carpophore pubescent, 2mm long; seeds striate, 0.75 mm long. July—August. Open oak and pine woods, on stony slopes. — Far East: Uda (Amgun stream), Uss. Gen.distr.: N.Korea. Described from North Korea (Tsatam- Ien). Type in Leningrad. 43. S.foliosa Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur (1859) 53; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II, 193. — S.foliosa qa typica Rohrb. Monogr. Sil. (1868) 185.—S.tatarica B foliosa Rgl. Fl. Ussur. (1861) 27. Perennial; stems numerous, slender, 40—50 cm long, simple, densely leafy, scabrous-puberulent; leaves lance-linear, 2—3 cm long and 3—6 mm broad, acute, scabrous on the margin and on the midrib, with axillary fascicles; inflorescence a dense racemiform panicle; pedicels ca.5mm long; bracts linear-lanceolate to linear; calyx cylindric-clavate, 6—7 mm long and 2—2.5mm broad, glabrous, with short obtuse scarious-margined ciliate teeth; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb deeply cleft into linear lobes; coronal scales reduced to bosses; capsule ovoid, 6mm long; carpophore 2mm long; seeds reniform, tuberculate. July—August. Rock crevices, seashores and banks of big rivers, and coastal sands. — Far East: Uss. Gen.distr.: lezoIsland, N. Korea? Described from the lower reaches of the Amur (near Pirserg and Sis). Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Graminifoliae Schischk. — Calyx usually scarcely inflated; axillary fascicles none; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. 44, §. graminifolia Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 368; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 307; Kryl., Fl. Alt.,1058.— S.stylosa Bge.in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 144. — S.tenuis Bge.Supplem. alt.31; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene L. 186, non Willd. — Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. II, t. 138. 477 626 627 Perennial; taproot stout, giving rise to numerous sterile leafy shoots and flowering stems, these erect, simple, glabrous or puberulent at base, some- times viscid above, 10—40cm long; radical leaves lance-linear, 2—8 cm long and 1—4.5 mm broad, acute, scabrous-margined, ciliate at base, the petiole about as long as blade; cauline leaves similar, 1 or 2(3) pairs, sessile; inflorescence a raceme; pedicels slender, glabrous, shorter than to equaling calyx; bracts ovate, acuminate, scarious ciliate-margined; calyx campanulate, 6—10 mm long and 3—4 mm broad, glabrous, with triangular obtuse teeth; petals whitish or rarely roseate; limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes, without coronal scales; claw auriculate and ciliate at summit; capsule oblong-ovoid; carpophore short or long. June—July. Rocks and stony slopes in the alpine zone and at middle altitudes. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: N.Mong., Dzu.-Kash., Him. Described from Altai. Type in Geneva. Note. The specimen of Silene tenuis Willd. that I saw in the Willdenow Herbarium does not correspond to the Siberian plant and belongs to some other species. 45. S.chamarensis Turcz. Fl. Baic.-dahur.!I (1842) 207; Kryl., Fl. Zap. sib. V, 1059.— S:graminifolia Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1,307; ex parte; Keyl) Be Alt. 143, partim.— Viscaria intermedia Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 329. Perennial; taproot stout, giving rise to short densely leafy shoots and several flowering stems, these erect, simple, glabrous, 15—30 cm long; leaves of sterile shoots lanceolate to lance-linear, 3—7 cm long and 2—6 mm broad, short-acuminate, very slightly scaberulous on the margin, ciliolate at base, the petiole about as long as blade; cauline leaves narrower; inflorescence racemose; flowers nodding; pedicels much shorter than or rarely equaling calyx; bracts ovate, scarious-margined, ciliolate at base, acuminate; calyx more or less inflated, smooth, 10—15 mm long and 4—6 mm broad, with 10 dark nerves, the ovate obtuse broadly scarious-margined teeth to 2—2.5mm long; petals white; limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes, with small coronal scales; claw much enlarged at summit, with sparsely ciliate margin. July—August. (Plate XXXVIII, Figure 1). Stony slopes and rocks in the alpine zone. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol. Endemic. Described from Khamar -Daban. Type in Leningrad. 46. S. paucifolia Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 304; Rupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanzenkunde Russ. Reich. VII (1850) 26.—S.tenuis c.paucifolia Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 187, ex parte; Williams, Revisio Silene, 143. — S.graminifolia € paucifolia Rgl.et Tiling, Fl. ajan. (1859) 66. — S.tenuis var.ruprechtiana Trautv. in A.H.P.V. (1877) 30. — S.chamarensis var.paucifolia Kryl. Fl. Sib. occid. V (1931) 1059. Perennial, taproot rather stout, multicipital, giving rise to abbreviated densely leafy shoots and erect flowering stems 5—15cm long; leaves of sterile shoots narrowly spatulate or lance-linear, 2—5 cm long and 2—4mm broad, obtusish to subacuminate, gradually tapering to a ciliolate petiole 478 628 the length of blade; cauline leaves 1 or 2 pairs, resembling the radical; inflorescence a short raceme; flowers erect or deflexed; pedicels glabrous, shorter than calyx; bracts ovate, broadly scarious-margined, ciliate, long-acuminate; calyx more or less inflated, smooth, 7-9 mm long and 4—6 mm broad; teeth ovate, obtuse, broadly scarious-margined; petals whitish; limb cleft to the middle or below into oblong lobes; coronal scales none; claw enlarged at summit. July—August. Stony slopes and rocks. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib. Endemic. Described from Arctic Siberia without location record. Type in Berlin. 47. S. stenophylla Ldb. Fl. Ross.1 (1842) 36.—S.tenuis c.paucifolia Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 187, ex parte.—S.graminifolia var. stenophylla Trautv. Fl. terrae Tschuktschorum (1868) 14. Perennial, densely matted; stems numerous, erect, 5—22 cm long, simple, glabrous; radical leaves numerous, oblong-linear, long-petioled,1.5cm long including petiole, 1—2 mm broad, sparingly ciliate; cauline leaves Similar but smaller, at base dilated and connate in pairs; flowers ina racemose inflorescence or solitary at tips of stems; pedicels 10—15mm long; bracts herbaceous, abruptly attenuate from a broad base, ciliate; calyx inflated, 10—15 mm long and 5—9 mm broad, glabrous, with broadly triangular obtuse or acutish teeth; petals light pink, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to below the middle into obovate lobes; coronal scales none; capsule ovoid, 9-10 mm long; carpophore pubescent, 3—4 mm long; seeds reniform, striate, ca.1.5mm long. July—August. (Plate XXXVIII, Figure 2). Stony slopes, coastal cliffs, and sandy seashores. — Arctic: Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Okh., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Ber., Arc. Am. Described from Arctic Siberia. Type in Leningrad; cotype in Berlin. 48. S.jenisseensis Willd. Enum. pl. Hort. Berol. (1809) 154.—S.jenis - sea Poir.Encycl. Suppl. V (1817) 154; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur.I, 203. — pps caminiiodia db: rl. Ross. 1,308, part. —S.ambiguwa DLurcz; 1. ecu; (1842) 205.—S.dasyphylla Turcz.,l.c., (1842) 206.—S.tenuis b. jenissea Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 187.— ? S.tenuifolia Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 379; Ldb., 1.c., 320. — Exs.: HFR no. 2978, 2979. Perennial; taproot stout; abbreviated sterile shoots numerous; flowers stems several, ascending at base, then erect or somewhat recurved, 15—60 cm long, simple, glabrous, or in lower part scabrous-pubescent; leaves of sterile shoots lance-linear, acute, long-petioled, 10—11 cm long including petiole, 0.3—6mm broad, glabrous, the margin ciliate and velvety- puberulent; cauline leaves usually shorter and narrower, greatly exceeded by the internodes, commonly glabrous; flowers erect, in a raceme or narrow panicle; pedicels 4—14 mm long, glabrous; bracts lanceolate from ovate base, long-acuminate, the membranous margin densely crisp-ciliate; calyx glabrous, oblong, sometimes inflated, (6)7—15(18)mm long, 3—7 mm broad, with rather long acute or acutish teeth; petals white, very rarely purplish- violet, slightly exceeding to one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to below the middle into oblong-linear lobes, with coronal scales; claw glabrous as are filaments; capsule ovoid; carpophore, short, pubescent; seeds reniform, ca.1mm long, striate. June—August. (Plate XXXVIII, Figure 4). 479 629 The plant varies widely in all its parts. The following forms occur: f.vulgaris (Turcz.) Schischk. Stems 40—60cm long; radical leaves glabrous, 8—11 cm long and 2—3 mm broad; calyx 8—12 mm long. f.latifolia (Turcez.) Schischk. Resembling the preceding, but leaves 4—6 mm broad. f.ambigua (Turcz.) Schischk. Stems 25—30cm long; leaves glabrous, 1/3—1 mm broad, erect; calyx 8—12 mm long. f.setifolia (Turcz.) Schischk. Stems 13—16cm long; leaves 2—3 cm long and 1/3—2/3(1)mm broad, glabrous, recurved; calyx 7—8(10) mm long. f.parviflora (Turcz.) Schischk. Stems and leaves as in f.vulgaris, but calyx 6—7 mm long. f.dasyphylla (Turcz.) Schischk. Leaves setaceous, 1/3—2/3 mm broad, velutinous; calyx 8—12 mm long. f.puberula Schischk. Leaves pubescent as in the preceding form, but 1—3 mm broad. f.purpurea Schischk. Petals violet-tinged. Exposed southern slopes, steppes, open woods, sandy and sandy-pebbly soils. — W. Siberia: E. Alt. (Sailyugem); E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from the Yenisei River basin. Type in Berlin. Section 5. NANOSILENE Otth. in DC. Prodr. I (1824), 367 sens. lat. — Plants forming low mats; calyx glabrous, campanulate, 4—6 mm long; petals commonly pink, notched or subentire; carpophore 1—2mm long. Arcto- alpine plants. 49. S, acaulis L.Sp. pl. ed. 2 (1762) 603; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 303; Rohrb. Monogr. 143; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 101; Kryl., Fl. Zap.Sib. V,1655.— Cucubalus acaulis L.Sp. pl. (1753) 415.— Lychnis acaulis Scop. Fl. carn.1 (1772) 307.— Cucubalus muscosus Lam. Fl. Fr. Ill (1778) 309. — Silene caespitosa Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 302, nom.nud.,non Stev.— S.norvegica Pers.Syn.I (1805) 500.—S.excapa All, Fl. pedem. II (1785) 83.—S.bryoides Jord. Obs. V (1847) 35,t.1.— le. Hess WPL, t9995 4. 13° Perfiltev, Mater.kflore) ostrovoy Nov. Zemli i Kolgueva, Fig. 6 (photograph). Perennial, forming dense depressed or pulvinate mats 5—13 cm high and 10—45 cm in diameter; stem densely branched; branches numerous, densely subimbricately leafy; flowering stems 3—4 cm long, glabrous, densely leafy, closely covered at base with remnants of dead leaves; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 4—12 mm long and 0.3—1.5 mm broad, acute, sessile, coaetaneous, glabrous, the margins ciliate in lower half; flowers solitary, subsessile (var.excapa (All.) DC.) or pedicellate, the glabrous pedicels 5—15 mm long, with a pair of bracteoles; plants sometimes dioecious; calyx campanulate, 4—6 mm long and 3—4 mm broad, often purple- tinged, glabrous, with broadly triangular obtuse ciliate teeth; petals dark rose, more rarely white (var.alba Otth), twice as long as calyx; limb obovate, notched or subentire; coronal scales very short or reduced to bosses; claw glabrous; capsule oblong-ovaloid, 7mm long and 2,5mm broad; carpophore glabrous, 1mm long; seeds rounded-reniform, punctate, slightly grooved on the back. June—July. 480 630 Tundras and alpine zone. — Arctic: Nov. Z., Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib. (Tobol, north), Chuk., An.; European part: Kar.-Lap., N. Ural; Far East: Kamch., Komandorskie (Commander) Islands. Gen. distr.: mountains of N., Centr., and S. Eur., Spitzbergen, Greenland, Labrador, Arc. Am., Rocky Mountains. Described from the mountains of Lapland, Switzerland, and N. England. Type in London. 50. S. dianthoides Pers. Syn. pl.1 (1805) 500; Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 610: ‘Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 197; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 153.—S.melanophylla Boiss. Diagn. Ser.I, 1 (1842) 24. Perennial; stems in tufts of several, 7-16 cm long, puberulent in lower part (var.typica Trautv.) or glabrate (var.glabrata Trautv.), some- times viscid at summit; radical leaves numerous, linear, 8—16 mm long and 1—2 mm broad, puberulent or glabrate; cauline leaves 2—4 pairs, shorier; flowers 3—10 per stem, borne on short upright branchlets and forming a compact subcapitate inflorescence; bracts triangular-lanceolate, ca.1.5 mm long, herbaceous, scarious-margined, the lowermost pair larger; calyx campanulate, 4—6 mm long, glabrous or puberulent; teeth rounded, scarious- margined; petals pink or white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into linear-oblong lobes; coronal scales none or reduced to bosses; claw glabrous; capsule ovoid, 5mm long and 2.5mm broad; carpophore 0.5—1.5mm long; seeds finely wrinkled, to 11/2 mm long, shallowly grooved on the back. June—August. (Plate XXXVIII, Figure 3). Dry and stony slopes in the alpine zone, at altitudes between 2,100 and 3,400m. — Caucasus: E.and S. Transe. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from the Orient. Type in Paris. 51. S. marcowiczii Schischk. in Bull. Mus. de Géorgie I (1920—22) 11; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 405. — Ie.: Schischk., l. c., tab. III, fig. 1-2. Perennial, tufted; stems glabrous as are the leaves, 10—15 cm long, clothed at base with remnants of dead leaves; radical leaves linear or spatulate-linear, 2cm long and 0.5—1.5mm broad; cauline leaves 3 or 4 pairs, smaller; flowers 1—4, terminal, subsessile or on pedicels up to twice the length of calyx; bracts herbaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, scarious-margined, glabrous, inserted just below the flower; calyx campanulate, 4—5 mm long and 3 mm broad, glabrous, often purple-tinged, with obtuse scarious-margined teeth; petals pink or whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-fourth or very slightly notched, without coronal scales, gradually tapering to a glabrous claw; capsule ovoid, ca.5mm long and 3mm broad; carpophore glabrous, 1 mm long, seeds finely and bluntly tuberculate, reniform, ca. 1mm long, grooved on the back. End of June— August. Rocks and stony slopes in the alpine zone, at altitudes between 2,500 and 3,000m.— Caucasus: Gr. Cauc. (W. part). Endemic. Described from Mamison mountain pass. Type in Tbilisi (Tiflis); cotype in Leningrad. 52. S. rupestris L. Sp. pl. (1753) 421; Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 316; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1056. — Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, t. 288. — Exs.: HFR no. 2653; Pl. Finl. exs. no. 610. 481 631 Perennial, glabrous throughout; stem 7—15 cm long, branched from base, more rarely simple; leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, 1—2 cm long and 2—6 mm broad; flowers ina loose subcorymbose terminal inflorescence; pedicels 6—20mm long; calyx campanulate, 4—5 mm long and 2—2.5 mm broad, glabrous, with ovate-obtuse teeth; petals white or pink, one and a half times as long as calyx, deeply notched, with lanceolate acuminate coronal scales; claw glabrous as are filaments; capsule ovoid, ca.4mm long and 2mm broad; carpophore glabrous, 1.5—2 mm long. July—August. Rocks and sandy pine woods. — European part: reported for Ural (Verkhotyriya). Gen. distr.: mountains of Centr. and 8S. Eur., Scand., Lapland, and Finland. Described from the mountains of Sweden and Switzerland. Type in London. Section 6. LASIOSTEMONES Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 574, 635. — Flowers perfect, often initially nodding; calyx commonly glabrous; filaments hairy or densely ciliate; inflorescence paniculate or racemose. Series 1. Racemosae Schischk.— Inflorescence racemose; axillary fascicles wanting. 53. S. ruprechtii Schischk, in A. Grossh. D. Sosnow. et B. Schischk. FI. Tiflisiensis (1925) 204.—S.saxatilis M.B.Fl.taur.-cauc.I (1808) 338, non Sims, Bot. Mag.18 (1803), tab. 689; Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 318; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 635; Suppl. 103; Rohrb. Monogr. 212; Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. 191; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,139; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896).166. — Ic.: A. Grossh., D. Sosnow. et B. Schischk. op. cit. fig. no. 83. Perennial, forming small mats; stems erect, often sparsely pubescent in lower part, glabrous above, viscous; branched in inflorescence, 15—70 cm long; leaves lance-linear, 5—7 cm long and 4—5 mm broad, 1-veined, acute, tapering at base to a ciliate petiole, the upper sessile and narrowly linear; flowers in a loose few-flowered inflorescence, often 1-sidedly nodding; pedicels glabrous, filiform, equaling or exceeding calyx; bracts ovate, acute, ciliate, often purple-tinged; calyx narrowly campanulate, 7.5—9 mm long and 3mm broad, glabrous, with lanceolate acutish scarious-margined ciliate teeth; petals white, greenish or reddish on the outside, twice as long as calyx; limb parted nearly to base into oblong-lanceolate lobes; coronal scales lance-linear, acutish; claw auriculate at summit, ciliate; stamens villous; capsule ovoid, 6-9mm long and 3.5mm broad; carpophore pubescent, 2—5 mm long; seeds brown, reniform, 1.25mm in diameter, grooved on the back, tuberculate. June—August. A very variable plant. The following varieties may be noted: 1) var. pumila Schischk. — stems 4—10cm long, 1—3-flowered; leaves short, 2—4 mm broad; calyx 4.5mm long; petal limb subentire. 2) var.congesta Boiss. — stems scarcely branched; flowers short-pediceled, in cymes of lor 2. 3)var.stenophylla Som. et Lev. — stems to 60cm long, puberulent in lower part; leaves linear; petals lurid. 482 635 Stony slopes and rocks in the alpine and subalpine zones, and glacial moraines. — Caucasus: Cisc., Main Range, Dag., W.,E.,and S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Lazistan, N. Iran. Described from the vicinity of Tbilisi (Tiflis). Type in Tbilisi. Note. The specific name S.saxatilis, adopted by earlier authorities such as M. Bieberstein, Ledebour, Boissier, and others, cannot be retained since Sims, in 1803, described a Siberian plant under this appellation and it is known that the Caucasian plant does not grow in Siberia. For this reason we suggested already in 1923,in Fl. Tiflisiensis (l.c.),a new name for this plant. Ruprecht (l.c.), was first to draw attention to the problem, but he did not suggest any name for the Caucasian plant and he credited authorship to Bieberstein, instead of Sims, in contravention to rules of nomenclature. Ruprecht pointed out the great variability of the plant and described a large number of varieties but, unfortunately, did not give them names. 54. S.lasiantha C. Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 712; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 778. — S.olympica var.pubescens Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 610; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 154.—S.marschalli var.lasiantha Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 195.—S.asperifolia Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. III (1895) 83; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.II,408.—S.longipetala var.asperi- folia Williams, l.c., (1896) 165.—S.olympica var.stenophylla Trautv.in A. H. P. IV (1876) 354, non Boiss.; VII, 2 (1880) 420; VIII, 1 (1883) 139. Perennial; stems solitary or several, erect, 15—30cm long, puberulent or sharply scabrous in lower part, glabrous and viscid above; radical leaves lanceolate, to 7cm long and 2.5—3.5 cm broad, sharply scabrous or sometimes glabrate, 1-veined; cauline leaves smaller, without axillary fascicles; inflorescence a contracted racemiform panicle, with short- 1—3-flowered branches; pedicels filiform, erect, glabrous, equaling or much shorter than calyx; calyx campanulate, 6—9.5 mm long, glabrous, sometimes violet-tinged, with obtuse ciliolate teeth; petals one and a half times to twice as long as calyx, greenish-yellow; limb cleft to below the middle; coronal scales none or reduced to bosses; claw auriculate and ciliate at summit; filaments densely hairy; capsule ovoid, 10mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore glabrous, 2—3mm long. June—July. (Plate XXXVIII, Figure 5). Turfy and stony slopes in the subalpine and alpine zones. — Caucasus: E. and S. Transc., Tal. (Kyz-lordy). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., As. Min., Iran. (Savalan). Described from Alagez (village of Ashtarak). Type in Berlin. Series 2. Paniculatae Schischk. — Flowers in a loose panicle; axillary fascicles present. 55. S.marschallii C. A.M. Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 214; Boiss. FI. Or. I, 635; Rohrb. Monogr., 214; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 166, excl. syn. et var.— Cucubalus mollissimus M.B. FI. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 324; III (1819) 304, non L. Perennial; stem 40—80cm long, puberulent up to the middle, glabrous above, viscid; lower leaves lance-linear, 5—8 cm long and 1—4 mm broad, subacute, puberulent, revolute-margined, with a prominent midrib and 483 (633) PLATE XXXVIII. 1. Silene chamarensis Turcz. — 2. S.stenophylla Ldb. — 3. S. dianthoides Pers.— 4. S. jenisseensis Willd. — 5. S. lasiantha C. Koch. 484 636 2 obsolescent lateral veins; upper leaves smaller and commonly glabrous; fascicular leaves linear; flowers in a loose panicle, on opposite subpatulous branches; pedicels shorter than to equaling calyx, pubescent, nodding; bracts small, broadly scarious-margined, ciliate; calyx campanulate or broadly campanulate, 7-8 mm long and 3—5 mm broad, glabrous or very slightly pubescent, sometimes violet-tinged, with obtuse scarious-margined ciliate teeth; petals white, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle or lower down into linear lobes; coronal scales lanceolate, acutish; claw auriculate and ciliate at summit; filaments hairy; capsule ovoid, 7mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore pubescent, 11/2 mm long. End of April, May—June. Dry stony slopes. — Caucasus: E. and S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Arm.- Kurd., Iran. Described from Talysh (Zyvant village). Type in Leningrad. 56. S. propinqua Schischk. in Bull. du Mus. de Géorgie I (1920—22) 14. — S.puberula Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 636, non Bertol.; Schischk. in Ber. d. Tomsk. Staat. Univ: 80 (1929) 445; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 407. — Ic.: Schischk. in Bull. du Mus. Géorg. tab. IV. Perennial; stems solitary or several, 40—100 cm long, knotted, minutely puberulent or glabrous beneath, viscid above; leaves lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate, acute, 3—8 cm long and 0.5—1.5 cm broad, 1—3-veined, scabrous- pubescent, sometimes glabrate; axillary fascicles with narrower linear - lanceolate leaves, inflorescence paniculate; bracts small, scarious, the margins ciliate; pedicels scabrous or puberulent, 7-12 mm long; calyx tubular-campanulate, 8—11 mm long and 3 mm broad, glabrous or puberulent, with obtuse teeth; petals white, twice as long as calyx; limb parted nearly to base into oblong-linear lobes, with lanceolate acutish coronal scales; claw ciliate; filaments lanate; capsule ovoid, 10mm long and 4—5 mm broad; carpophore hairy, 2.5—3.5mm long; seeds triangular-reniform, 1—2 mm long, bluntly tuberculate. May—July. Steppe and stony slopes; also pine woods. — Caucasus: E. and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from E. Transc. (Boz-Dagh Range). Type in Tbilisi. 57. S. gasimailikensis B. Fedtsch.in Alg. Bot. Zeitschr. XIV (1908) 2; Consp. Fl. Turkest. II (1909) 121. Perennial; stems ascending in lower part, then erect, 50—70 cm long, glabrous, branched in upper half; leaves oval-lanceolate, 6—8 cm long and 1.0—2.5 cm broad, the lower tapering to a short broad petiole, the upper subsessile, all acuminate, glabrous, ciliolate-margined; fascicular leaves small; flowers in a lax paniculate inflorescence; bracts scarious, long- acuminate from lanceolate base, the margin densely ciliate; pedicels 5—20mm long; calyx cylindric-clavate, glabrous, 9-20 mm long, with short oval-triangular obtuse ciliate teeth; petals white; limb parted nearly to base; coronal scales none; claw beset with long soft cilia; filaments ciliate; capsule 8—10mm long; carpophore 3—4 mm long; seeds angular-reniform, finely muricate, shallowly grooved on the back, the faces concave. April— June. Stony slopes, often outcrops of red sandstone, at altitudes between 900 and 1,800m; also among crops, as a weed. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Gazimailik Pass. Type in Leningrad. 485 Section 7. SCLEROCALYCINAE Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 575, 683. — Flowers erect; calyx large, coriaceous, glabrous, in fruit clavate; carpophore long; petal-claw not toothed; commonly tall plants with a stout taproot. Series 1. Longiflorae Schischk. — Calyx 16—35 mm long, usually with alternately obtuse and acute teeth; petals 2-cleft; filaments glabrous; leaves lanceolate. 58. S. longiflora Ehrh. Beitr. VII (1792) 144; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 324 part.; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 639; Rohrb. Monogr. Sil. 178; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 140. — Ic.: Waldst. et Kit. Fl. rar. Hung.I,t.8; Rchb.Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, tab. 294. — Exs.: Callier, It. taur. III, no. 554. Perennial; stem erect, 36—60 cm long, glabrous, sometimes viscid at summit, branched or simple; lower leaves lanceolate, tapering to a rather long petiole, 3—8 cm long and 2—10mm broad; pedicels one-third to half as long as calyx; bracts lance-subulate, apiculate, 6-7 mm long, narrowly scarious-margined; calyx 23—30 mm long, glabrous, with alternately obtuse and acute teeth; petals whitish; limb cleft to one-third or to the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales oblong, 1/2—1 mm long; petal-claw and filaments glabrous; capsule ovoid, ca. 10mm long; carpophore glabrous, the length of capsule; seeds triangular-reniform, finely striate, ca.1.2 mm long. June—July. Scrub, turfy and stony slopes, and chernozem steppes. — European part: U.Dnp., Bl.,Crim. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur., N. part of the Balkan Peninsula. Described from Hungary. 637 59. S. bupleuroides L. Sp.pl. (1753)421; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 324; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 693; Rohrb. Monogr. Sil. 175; Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. III (1895) 80; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 134.—S.longiflora Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 693, quo ad pl. cauc.— S.viscariaefolia Boiss. Diagn. Ser.1,1 (1842) 30; Trautv. Increm. 141. Perennial, glaucescent, quite glabrous or scabrous only in lower part; stems erect, branched at summit, 40—80 cm long; lower leaves subsessile, 6—10cm long and 0.5—1 cm broad, very slightly scabrous-margined; upper leaves smaller; inflorescence a panicle with upright branches; pedicels equaling or twice to thrice as long as calyx; bracts long-acuminate, narrowly scarious-margined, ciliate; calyx cylindric-clavate, 1.5—3 cm long, coriaceous, glabrous; teeth subequal, acute, scarious-margined, slightly ciliate; petals whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle or lower down into oblong-oval lobes; coronal scales linear -subulate, 2.0—2.5mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, 1—1.1cm long and 0.5mm broad; carpophore glabrous or sparsely and minutely hairy, 6—10mm long. June—July. Exposed turfy steppe slopes. — Caucasus: 8S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Iran. Type in London. 60. S. litwinowii Schischk. in Acta Inst. Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS, Ser. 1, II (1936) 142.—S.schimperiana var.latifolia Litw. in Trav. Musée Botan. de l'Acad.Sc. de St. Pétersb. III (1907) 101. Perennial; stems several, ascending at base, then erect, 50—90 cm long, glabrous, viscid at summit, branched; leaves lance-linear, 4—6 cm long and 486 638 639 5—10mm broad, acuminate, narrowing toward base, glabrous; inflorescence a panicle; bracts long-acuminate, glabrous; calyx coriaceous, cylindric- clavate, 2.2—2.6 cm long, glabrous; teeth alternately obtuse, usually shorter, and acute, scarious-margined, ciliate; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third into oblong lobes; coronal scales none; claw glabrous; capsule oblong, 1—1.3 cm long and 4mm broad; carpophore glabrous, the length ofcapsule; seeds reniform-triangular. July—August. Rocks and stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Daine-Su, Chuli, Dushak), Endemic. Described from Daine-Su. Type in Leningrad. 61. S.tachtensis Franch. in Ann. Sc. nat. Bot. XV (1883) 239.— S.longi- calycina Kom.in Trud.SPb Obshch. Estestvoisp. (1896) 130, ex parte. — S.hissarica M. Pop., Pochv. eksp.v bass. rr. Syr-Dar'i i Amu-Dar'i, No. II (1916) 42. — Ic.: M. Pop. ibid. (1916), tab. no. 1. Perennial, woody at base, profusely branched; flowering stems erect, 15—30 cm long, glabrous or in lower part scabrous, in upper part usually viscid; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering toward base, acute, 1-veined, glabrous or minutely puberulent, 4—6 cm long and 2—6 mm broad, sometimes with axillary fascicles; bracts dilated and ciliate at base, tapering to a subulate point; flowersin a racemose inflorescence, more rarely solitary or 2 or 3,o0n pedicels 1—2 cm long; calyx tubular-clavate, glabrous, whitish or faintly colored, membranous, 15—25 mm long and 3mm broad, with ovate obtuse ciliate-margined teeth; petals white; limb cleft to the middle into linear lobes, with very small acute coronal scales; claw glabrous, enlarged at summit; capsule oblong, 10mm long; carpophore scarcely pubescent or glabrous, 10—12 mm long; seeds smooth, 1.5mm long. May—July. Rocks in the alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., W. T.Sh. Endemic. Described from Samarkand-Tau. Type in Paris. / 62. S. solenantha Trautv.in A.H. P. VII, 2 (1880) 421; Boiss. Suppl. (1888) 105.—S.longiflora var.juncea Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 382; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 324; Boiss. Fl. Or.1,639.— S.longiflora var.seidlitzii Som. et Lev. in A.H. P. XVI (1900) 76.— Exs.: HFR no. 2858. Perennial; stems several, glabrous, viscid in upper part, simple or branched, 30—80 cm long, with numerous leafy fascicles at base; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2—4 cm long and 1—4 mm broad, sharply scabrous on the midrib and on the margins, sometimes prickly-ciliate; calyx cylindric, 25—30mm long and 3mm broad, glabrous; teeth alternately acute and obtuse, broadly scarious-margined, ciliolate; petals yellowish-green, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third; coronal scales lanceolate, acutish; claw enlarged and ciliate at summit; capsule ovoid, 10mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore ca.13 mm long, crisp-pubescent in lower part, glabrous above; seeds rounded-reniform, grooved om the back, bluntly tuberculate, ca.1.2mm in diameter. May—June. Rocks and stony slopes. — Caucasus: Dag., E. Transc. (Tbilisi). Endemic. Described from Daghestan (Shalbus). Type in Leningrad. *63. S.armena Boiis. Diagn. ser.I,1 (1842) 29; Boiss. Fl. Or.I, 643; Rohrb. Monogr., 180; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 139. — S.filipes Freyn et Sint. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. III (1895) 98; Williams, 1l.c., (1896) 98. 487 640 Perennial; stems several, erect, 20—60cm long, branched, glabrous; leaves linear, 4—5 cm long and 1—2mm broad, sometimes folded lengthwise, with ciliate or scabrous margins; radical leaves numerous, cauline 3—6 pairs; flowers commonly solitary at tips of stems and branches; pedicels filiform, erect, about as long as calyx; bracts herbaceous, linear, narrowly scarious-margined, ciliolate; calyx glabrous, cylindric-clavate, 16—19 mm long and ca.4mm broad; teeth alternately obtuse and acute, the scarious margin ciliate; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to below the middle initio oblong lobes; coronal scales minute, to 0.5mm long, ovate; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, 12mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore glabrous, 6-9mm long. May—July. Stony slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. within Turkish range (former Oltin district). Gen.distr.: Turkish Armenia, Kilikiya, Cappadocia. Described from Erzerum. Type in Geneva. 64. S.longidens Schischk. in Bull. Mus. de Géorgie I (1920—22) 16; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 410. — Ic.: Schischk. op. c., tab. III. Perennial; stem clothed at base with remnants of dead leaves, arising laterally from the radical rosette, 8—10 cm long, glabrous; radical leaves numerous, congested, linear, ca.2 cm iong and 1—1.5 mm broad, 1-veined, glabrous; cauline leaves 3—8 pairs; flowers 2 or 3, terminal, approximate, short-pediceled, often 1-sidedly nodding; bracts herbaceous, linear- lanceolate, 8—10 mm long, acute; calyx cylindric, 22—24 mm long, glabrous; teeth to 5mm long, apiculate, commonly involute; petals reddish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to one-third or to the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales ovate, acutish, to 1mm long. July. Stony screes at altitudes of about 1,800 m.— Caucasus: E.Transc. Endemic. Described from Kubin mountain pass. Type in Tbilisi; cotype in Leningrad. 65. S.tenella C. A. M. Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 266; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 316; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 651; Rohrb. Monogr. 194; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 150.—S.calyculata C. Koch in Linnaea, XIX (1847) 56. — S.sahendica Boiss. et Buhse, Aufz. (1860) 38. S.olympica y steno- phylla Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 610.—S.olympica y calyculata Williams, l. c., (1896) 154. Perennial; stems numerous, crowded, erect, sparsely velvety-pubescent, 15—30cm long; leaves linear-subulate, 2—3 cm long and 1—2 mm broad, acute, velutinous, with revolute margins; flowers solitary to several, erect, on shortupright pedicels; bracts ovate, broadly scarious-margined, acuminate; calyx 12—15 mm long, glabrous, with broadly triangular acutish teeth; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb parted to three-quarters into linear lobes; coronal scales toothlike, acutish; claw auriculate and fringed at summit, glabrous; filaments glabrous; capsule ovoid, 9-10 mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore glabrous or pubescent, 2.5—5mm long. May—June. Rocks and mountain steppes, at altitudes between 1,400 and 2,400m. — Caucasus: S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: N.Iran. Described from Zuvant (Talysh). Type in Leningrad. 488 641 Series 2. Chlorifoliae Schischk. — Plants more or less glaucous; leaves oval-spatulate, tapering to a petiole; calyx teeth alternately obtuse and acute; filaments glabrous. 66. S. chlorifolia Sm. Ic. ined.I (1789) t.13; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 323; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 640; Rohrb. Monogr. Sil. 177 part.; Rupr. Fl. Cauc. 196; Williams in Jiounnof inn. SOCI2eX X1P (1896) 137. — 1e.s Sm. bcs, t.13; Bot. Mag; XXI, i807 5— Exs'.2. HER no. 1313. Perennial; stems several, erect, 25—70 cm long, glabrous, sparingly branched at summit; lower leaves oblong-spatulate, 3—4 cm long and 1—2 cm broad, long-petioled; upper leaves orbicular, ca. 3 cm long and 2.5 cm broad, abruptly pointed, sessile, cordately clasping; flowers solitary at tips of stems and branches; pedicels stout, equaling to several times as long as calyx; calyx clavate-cylindric, 3—3.5 cm long, glabrous; teeth alternately obtuse and acute, the scarious margin ciliolate; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to one-third or to the middle; coronal scales lanceolate, obtusish, ca.3 mm long; capsule 18mm long and 7mm broad; carpophore subglabrous, 7 mm long; seeds triangular- reniform, ca.2mm long. June—August. Stony, often calcareous slopes, and screes. — Caucasus: Main Range, E. and S. Transc. Gen.disitr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Armenia. Type in London. 67. S.swertiifolia Boiss. Diagn. ser.I,1 (1842) 32; Ej. Fl. Or. I (1867) 640. Perennial; glaucous, glabrous, viscid in upper part; stems several, erect, 60—80cm long, simple or branched; lower leaves oval-spatulate, 2—4 cm longand 0.5—1.5cm broad, abruptly pointed, long-petioled, the margins naked; median leaves short-petioled, with narrower blade; upper leaves linear; flowers several at tips of stems and branches, more rarely solitary; pedicels 1—7.5cm long; bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, greenish or reddish; calyx cylindric-clavate, 2—3 cm long, coriaceous, glabrous; teeth alternately obtuse and acute, broadly scarious-margined; petals white, one-third longer than calyx; limb cleft to the middle into obovate lobes; coronal scales reduced to minute bosses; claw glabrous; capsule oblong, 1.2—2 cm long and 5—6 mm broad, as long as or half as long again as the glabrous carpophore; seeds 1.5mm in diameter, grooved on the back, the faces finely striate. April—June. Stony and sandy slopes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen.distr.: As. Min., Iran. Described from Cappadocia and Iran (Demavend). Type in Geneva. Series 3. Laciniatae (Boiss.) Schischk.— Subsect. Laciniatae Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 575.— Petal limb regularly 4-fid or 2-lobed, with a tooth on each margin. 68. S.odoratissima Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 148; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 312; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 195; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1061. — S.radians Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1842) 40; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1:777.= Ie.» Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. IV (1833) ¢. 396. Perennial; stems branched, glabrous, 30—60cm long; leaves lance-linear, 3—7 cm long and 2—5 (9)mm broad, ciliate-margined, acuminate, narrowing toward base; flowers in a racemiform inflorescence, nodding prior to 489 anthesis, with a faint fragrance resembling that of lily of the valley; bracts small, herbaceous, scarious-margined; pedicels equaling or shorter than calyx, viscid; calyx cylindric-clavate, 12—15 mm long, glabrous, with obtuse or obtusish scarious-margined teeth; petals white, slightly longer than calyx; limb dissected to the middle into 4 linear or linear-oblong segments, the lateral segments bifid or toothed; coronal scales none; capsule 8—10 mm long; carpophore puberulent, 5—6 mm long; seeds reniform, finely striate. June— August. Hummocky sands and sandy plains.— Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kara K., Kyz.K. Endemic. Described from environs of Zaisan Lake. Type in Leningrad. 69. S. olgiana B. Fedtsch. in O. et B. Fedtsch. Consp. Fl. Turkest. II (1909) 118.— S.schmalhauseni Schischk. in Sched. ad herb. Fl. URSS IX (1932) 96 in nota ad S.olgae.— S.olgae Rgl.et Schmalh. in A. P. Fedchenko, Puteshestvie v Turkestan, no. 18 (1882) 14, non Rohrb. (1870). Perennial; stems branched, glabrous, 30—40 cm long, densely leafy; leaves broadly-lanceolate, 3—4cm long and 6—15 mm broad, ciliate-margined, acute, narrowing toward base; flowers in a racemiform inflorescence; pedicels shorter than to equaling calyx; bracts herbaceous, with scarious ciliate margin; calyx cylindric-clavate, 15—18 mm long, glabrous, with obtuse or acutish scarious-margined teeth; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb dissected to the middle into 4 linear or linear-oblong segments; coronal scales none. May-— July. Hummocky sands.— Centr. Asia: Balkh., Kyz.K. Endemic. Described from Kyzyl-Kum. Type in Leningrad. 70. S.anisoloba Schrenk in Bull. Académie Sc. de Pétersb. IV, II (1844) 198; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 196.—S.montbretiana var. anisoloba Will. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 149. Perennial with woody stock and numerous herbaceous stems, 30—50 cm long; flowering stems simple, scabrous in lower part or subglabrous; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 2—4 cm long and 0.5—2 mm broad, acute, 1 -veined, hirsute or glabrous, ciliate only at base; inflorescence a raceme; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate; pedicels 5—20 mm long; calyx cylindric- clavate, 14—23 mm long, glabrous; teeth obtuse, broadly scarious-margined, ciliate; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb 2-fid, with lateral teeth; coronal scales minute; capsule oblong; carpophore glabrous or minutely puberulent. June-July. Stony slopes and vicinity of rocks. — W. Siberia: Irt. (S. part); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (N. E.), Balkh. (N. W.). Endemic. Described from Ulu-Tau. Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Asiaticae Schischk.— Calyx 10-15 mm long; axillary fascicles present. 71. S.plurifolia Schischk. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ser. I, II (1936) 142.—Ic.: l.c., fig. 3. Perennial; taproot ca. 5mm thick; stems numerous, ascending at base, branched, 40—60 cm long, glabrous or in lower part scabrous, more or less 490 643 viscid above; leaves lance-linear to narrowly lanceolate, 5—8 cm long and 4—8 mm broad, green, glabrous, with minutely ciliolate margin, gradually attenuate toward base, acute; fascicular leaves narrower; flowers at tips of stems and branches, in few-flowered dichasia, more rarely solitary, forming a loose panicle; bracts lance-linear, somewhat dilated and ciliate at base; pedicels 5-15 mm long; calyx cylindric-clavate, 15—16 mm long, glabrous; teeth minute, triangular, obtusish; petals one and a half times as long as calyx; limb parted nearly to base into linear lobes, without coronal scales; claw ciliate in lower part; filaments glabrous or scarcely ciliate; capsule ovoid, 8-10mm long; carpophore glabrate, 6-8 mm long; seeds reniform,ca.2mm long. Fr.beginning of June. Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kugitang Range opposite the village of Kugitang). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. 72. S.baldshuanica B. Fedtsch. in Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. XIV (1908) 1; O. et B. Fedtsch. Consp. Fl. Turkest. II (1909) 121.— S.kulabensis B. Fedtsch. in Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. XIV (1908) 2; O. et B. Fedtsch. Consp. Fl. Turkest. II (1909) 119.— S.pugionifolia M. Pop. Pochv. eksp. v bass. Syr -Dar'i i Amu-Dar'i, no. II (1916) 46.— Ic.: ibid. Perennial, very slightly woody at base; stems 60—80cm long, branched, usually scabrous-pubescent in lower part, glabrous and viscous above; leaves lance-ovate to lanceolate, 5-10 cm long and 0.6—2 cm broad, acute, short-petioled, the upper sessile, scabrous-puberulent or glabrate like the stem, with axillary fascicles; flowers in a loose panicle; pedicels glabrous, 0.2—2 cm long; bracts lanceolate, 3—5 mm long, scarious, with dark violet- tinged nerves on the back; calyx cylindric-clavate, 12—22 mm long and ca. 3mm broad, glabrous; teeth short, broad-ovate, rounded at apex, the scarious margin ciliate; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle or to three-quarters into linear-oblong lobes; coronal scales lanceolate or subulate, ca.1 mm long; claw dilated and ciliate at summit; filaments ciliate; capsule ovoid, ca. 10 mm long; carpophore minutely puberulent, 5-8 mm long; seeds reniform, 1.5—2 mm long, striate. May— June. Foothill plains and slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., W.T.Sh. Endemic. Described from Baldzhuan. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Bucharicae Schischk.— Filaments ciliate. 73. S.bucharica M. Pop., Pochv. eksp.v bass.rr.Syr-Dar'i i Amu-Dar'i, no.2 (1916) 43. Perennial, woody at base; stems numerous, erect, 30cm long, glabrous or puberulent beneath, viscid above, sparingly branched; leaves oblong- lanceolate or ovate, 5—8cm long and 1—3.5 cm broad, acuminate, initially puberulent, becoming glabrous, with toothed-ciliate margin, the lower and median petiolate, the upper subsessile; inflorescence a raceme with short opposite 1-flowered branches; pedicels about as long as calyx; calyx 25—35 mm long, glabrous, tubular-clavate; teeth alternately ovate obtuse and triangular acute, ciliate-margined; petals white; limb cleft to the - middle into oblong obtuse lobes; coronal scales lanceolate, acute; claw ciliate in lower part, enlarged at summit; filaments ciliate. July. 49] 645 Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Gissar Range (Sakkakhan Pass and near Khakimi). Type in Leningrad. 74, S. kudrjaschevii Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 676. Perennial; taproot 5—6 mm thick, ascending, multicipital; stems several to many, erect or at base ascending, 20—35 cm long, branched in upper half, covered nearly to summit with short patulous hairs; leaves narrowly ovate, 2—4 cm long and 0.8—1 cm broad, acuminate, tapering at base toa broad petiole or the upper sessile, scabrous-puberulent, rarely glabrate; flowers solitary at tips of stems and branches; pedicels long, glabrous or scabrous-pubescent; bracts lance-linear, acuminate, ciliate; calyx cylindric, 20—25 mm long, glabrous, coriaceous, with alternately obtuse and acutish teeth; petals (dry) lurid or dark violet; limb 2-fid to one-third, with oblong lobes and ovate obtusish coronal scales; carpophore glabrous, 5mm iong. June. Savin thickets. — Centr. Asia: Amu D. Endemic. Described from Ak-Tag Mountain, south of Guzar. Type in Leningrad. 75. S. obtusidentata B. Fedtsch. et M. Pop. in Pochv. eksp.v bass.rr. Syaes Deion AsaaaIDaeweli Taos Jul (1916) 44.— Ic.: Ibid., tab.no. 2. — Exs.: Lie Vie mone 2 Perennial; stems erect, 30—60 cm long, very slightly woody at base, puberulent in lower part, glabrous and viscous above; leaves puberulent, oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate, or linear, 2—5.5cm long and 2—5 mm broad; inflorescence a raceme with elongated lower and short upper branches, more rarely stems 1—3-flowered; bracts subulate, ciliate at base; pedicels longer than calyx, erect; calyx tubular-campanulate, 12—22 mm long, glabrous, coriaceous; teeth obtuse or alternately obtuse and acutish, with broadly scarious ciliate margin; petals one and a half times as long as calyx, white; limb 2-cleft to the middle, with linear-oblong lobes; coronal scales small, lanceolate, acute; claw ciliate, enlarged at summit; filaments ciliate; capsule oblong, 10—15 mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore 5—9 mm long; seeds reniform, grooved on the back, the faces not striate. May—June. Dry argillaceous and stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (W.), Syr D. Endemic. Described from Khazret-Ayub, Mogol-Tau, Zeravshan, Kshtut, and Pskem. Type in Leningrad. 76. S. Sarawschanica Rgl. et Schmalh. in A. P. Fedchenko, Puteshestvie v Turkestan, no. 18(1882) 14. Perennial; taproot stout; root collar densely covered with long hairs; stems ascending at base or erect, 10—40 cm long, glabrous or in lower part covered with short retrorse hairs, viscid above, usually with long slender branches; radical leaves lanceolate to lance-linear, 4—6 cm long and 5—7 mm broad, acute, gradually tapering to a long petiole; cauline leaves linear 1—3 mm broad, glabrous or Scaberulous, with ciliate margins; flowers in racemose inflorescences at tips of stems and branches; bracts ovate, acuminate, densely ciliate; pedicels 1—2cm long; calyx cylindric-clavate, 13—17 mm long, glabrous; teeth triangular-lanceolate, scarious-margined, obtuse, ciliate; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb 2-fid, with linear-oblong lobes and subulate coronal scales; petal claw and 492 46 filaments ciliate; capsule ovoid, 8-10 mm long and 3mm broad; carpophore glabrous or scarcely pubescent, 4—5 mm long; seeds reniform, 1.2 mm long, muricate. April—June. Steppe slopes in the lower mountain zone. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., Amu D. Endemic. Described from Zeravshan valley (Karasu, Daul, Yarbash). Type in Leningrad. 77. S.leptocaulis Schischk. in Acta Inst. Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, III (1936). Perennial; taproot stout, multicipital; stems numerous, slender, erect, glabrous or very slightly scaberulous in lower part, simple, 40—60 cm long; leaves narrowly linear, 2—5 cm long and 0.5—2 mm broad, glabrous, sometimes ciliate especially in lower part, acute, 1-veined, attenuate toward base, with axillary fascicles of narrower leaves; flowers in a loose racemiform inflorescence, erect, on slender pedicels 5—15 mm long; bracts linear -lanceolate, acuminate, 3—5 mm long, with white scarious margin; calyx coriaceous, glabrous, 12—14 mm long; teeth obtuse, broadly scarious- margined, ciliate; petals lurid, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle or lower down into oblong lobes; coronal scales minute or reduced to bosses or none; claw enlarged at summit, slightly ciliate as are filaments; carpophore ca.5 mm long, glabrate; capsule ovoid, 8mm long. June—July. Gravelly slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Kugitang (Markushi village). Type in Leningrad. Section 8. Suffruticosae Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 74,189.— Plants more or less woody at base; axillary fascicles present; calyx cylindric, sparingly pubescent or glabrous, with scabrous nerves. Series 1. Fruticulosae Schischk.— Leaves subulate, sometimes spinescent. 78. S.altaica Pers. Syn. I (1805) 497; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 315; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1060.—S.altaica var.typica Trautv.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII, 1 (1860) 151.— S.fruticulosa Schischk. in syn. ex Kryl. Fl. sib. occid. V (1931) 1060, non Sieb.nec M.B,— Cucubalus fruticulosus Pall. Reise II, Anh. (1773) 739, tab. 7.— Ic.: Pall.,1.c.; Ldb., l.c., pl. Fl. Ross. Ii wtaibel 2. se xset HE Rono,/29 7s Perennial, woody in lower part; stems numerous, ascending, branched, 15—50 cm long, densely leafy, scabrous inlower part, glabrate and viscous above; leaves linear or subulate, 1.5—3cm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, with rough margins, ciliate at base; flowers in a racemose inflorescence; pedicels as long as calyx, bracteolate about the middle, the bracteoles ovate, acuminate with scarious-ciliate margin; calyx cylindric-clavate, 12—15 mm long, very sparingly hairy; teeth obtuse, with scarious ciliate margin; petals white, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; limb deeply 1-parted into linear lobes, with coronal scales; capsule oblong-ovoid, 8—10 mm long, one and a half times to twice as long as the puberulent carpophore. June—July. Rocks, stony slopes, and desert-steppes. — European part: V.-Kama, (S. Ural); W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say; Centr. 493 647 Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Karsakpai), Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: Chinese Dzungaria. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. 79. S.alexandrae Keller in Trav. Soc. Nat. Kazan. XLIV, livr.5 (1912) 71; Kryl., Bl. Zap.sib.V, 1061)—\Sivaltaiica Perandifloravc. A. M. mind: IX sem. Hort. Petrop. (1843) 87.— S.altaica var.hystrix Trautv.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIII, 1 (1860) 151. Perennial, woody at base; stems numerous, 25—45 cm long, branched, glabrous, viscid at summit; leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, 3—8.5cm long and 2.5mm broad, acute, subspinescent, very Slightly ciliate at base; flowers 2—5 in a paniculate-racemose terminal inflorescence; pedicels long, bracteolate above the middle; bracteoles a single pair, sheathing at the oval base, subulate above, scarious, ciliate; calyx cylindric-clavate, 1.5—2.5cm long and 3—4mm broad, puberulent; teeth short, triangular, acute or obtuse, scarious-margined; petals white; limb deeply 2-parted, the oboval lobes narrowing toward base; coronal scales present; capsule oblong-ovoid, 12—15 mm long, twice as long as the subglabrous carpophore; seeds triangular-reniform. June. Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Zaisan Lake), Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. (Andrakai Mountain). Gen.distr.: Chinese Dzungaria. Described from Zaisan (between Kaldzhir and Chiganchi rivers). Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Cretaceae Schischk.— Leaves to 13mm long, linear or spatulate-linear, not spinescent; mostly plants of chalk and limestone slopes. 80. S.cretacea Fisch. in Spreng. Syst. veg. II (1825) 405; Ldb. FI. Ross. I, 322; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 135; Shmal'g:; Fl.) 1389—Ie.3 Pls Yugso- Vest, Hips Nok or xSen vei no. 201, Perennial; stems numerous, whitish, woody at base, 8—30cm long, Scabrous in lower part, sometimes viscid above; leaves linear, 5-13 mm long and 1—2 mm broad, thickish, acute, rough-margined, ciliate at base, often recurved, with axillary fascicles; flowers solitary or else 2 or 3, terminal; pedicels as long as calyx; calyx cylindric-clavate, 17-20 mm long, glabrous or on the nerves Slightly pubescent; teeth lanceolate, acutish, scarious-margined; petals whitish, suffused with pink, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb parted to three-quarters into oblong-linear lobes; coronal scales none; capsule oblong, 1—1.2 cm long; carpophore glabrous, ca.6mm long. May—July. Slopes of chalky hills. — European part: V.-Don, L.Don. Endemic. Described from S. E. parts of European Russia. Type in Leningrad. 81. S. suffrutescens M. B. Beschreibung der Lander zwischen der Fl. Terek u. Kura am caspischen Meere (1800) 174; FI. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 340; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 322; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1,616; Rupr. Fl. Cauc.185; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 414.— S.fruticulosa M.B. Tableau des provinces situées sur la cote occidentale de la mer caspienne entre les fleuves Terek et Koura (1798) 115,non Cucubalus fruticulosus Pall. (1773), nec S.fruticulosa Sieb.— S.caspica Pers. Syn. pl.I (1805) 497; Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 190; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 148, non 494 S.caspica Rchb. Pl. crit. III (1825) t.263.— S.leptopetala Schrenk in Bull. phys. math. Acad. Pétersb. I (1844) 198.— Ic.: M. B. Tabl. no. 17. Perennial, woody at base; stems ascending, Simple or branched, puberulent, 25—40 cm long; leaves spatulate-linear, 7-12 mm long and 1—4 mm broad, subobtuse or mucronulate, covered with short grayish hairs, petiolate, with axillary fascicles; flowers solitary to several; pedicels equaling to twice as long as calyx; bracts herbaceous, lance-linear; calyx to 10—15 (18) mm long, narrowly clavate, scabrous-puberulent or glabrous, with triangular obtuse teeth; petals white; limb 2-lobed to one-quarter, with short coronal scales; claw glabrous; capsule ovoid, ca. 10 mm long, about twice as long as the pubescent or subglabrous carpophore; seeds reniform, 1—1.5mm long. June— July. Gravelly and stony, mostly calcareous slopes. — European part: L. V.; Caveasuc 9, Eransc,; W.isiberia:(U. Llob., Irt.; Gentr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. (W. part), Kyz. K. Endemic. Described from Kyzyl-Kum. Type in Leningrad. Section 9. TOMENTELLAE Schischk.— Flowers long-pediceled, erect, in a paniculate inflorescence; calyx long, pubescent, cylindric-clavate; petals 2-lobed, whitish, with coronal scales; filaments ciliate. 82. S.tomentella Schischk. in Acta Inst. Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, II (1936 )i1i46.— Ic.: 1. c., fis. 4. Perennial, woody and much branched at base; herbaceous stems numerous, erect, 22—30 cm long, simple or sparsely branched, puberulent in lower part, the upper internodes glabrous and viscid; leaves narrowly lanceolate, 4—7 cm long and 2—7 mm broad, the lower long-petioled, the upper smaller and sessile, with small-leaved axillary fascicles; inflorescence racemose or rarely stems monanthous; pedicels ascending, 5—20 mm long; bracts acute, the broadly scarious margin villous -ciliate; calyx cylindric-clavate, 10—23 mm long; teeth lanceolate, acutish, the Scarious margin ciliate; petals whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb parted to two-thirds, without coronal scales; petal claw and filaments ciliate; capsule ovoid, 11mm long and 6mm broad; carpophore as long as capsule, minutely puberulent; seeds reniform, finely striate, ca.1.5mm long. May. Stony and gravelly slopes. — Centr. Asia: Kyz.K., Amu D. Endemic. Described from Kyzyl-Kum (Ak-Tau and Bukan-Tau mountains). Type in Leningrad. 151 83. S.claviformis Litw. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Pétersb. III (1907) 99. Perennial; stems ascending, 20—40 cm long, woody at base, puberulent in lower part, glabrous and viscous above; leaves linear to linear -subulate, 2—5 cm long and 1—3 mm broad, acute, scabrous-pubescent, with axillary fascicles; inflorescence racemiform; pedicels 15—25 mm long; bracts lanceolate with membranous ciliate margin; calyx cylindric-clavate, 12—13 mm long, puberulent, the obtuse teeth broadly scarious-margined; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb 2-cleft to below the middle, without coronal scales; claw ciliate as are the filaments; 495 (649) PLATE XXXIX. 1. Silene incurvifolia Kar. et Kir.: capsule with carpophore.— 2. S.guntensis B. Fedtsch.— 3. S.pamirensis (H. Winkl.) Preobr.— 4. S.karaczukuri B.Fedtsch.— 5. S.popovii Schischk.— 6. S.kuschakewiczii Rgl. 496 capsule oblong, 9-10 mm long, one and a half times to twice the length of the puberulent or subglabrous carpophore, this 5-6 mm long; seeds triangular -reniform, minutely tuberculate. April— May. Gravelly, argillaceous, sandy, and wormwood-covered slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam.-Al., W. T.Sh. (Kara-Tau). Endemic. Described from the sources of mouth of the Ashkhabad River. Type in Leningrad. 84. S. heptapotamica Schischk. in Acta Inst. Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. I, 2 (1936) 147. Perennial, scabrous-puberulent throughout, the internodes sometimes viscid; taproot rather long, vertical, multicipital, giving rise to numerous short sterile shoots and flowering stems 10—25cm long; leaves linear to linear -lanceolate, 1—6 cm long and 1—2.5 mm broad, acute, tapering toward base, Sometimes with axillary fascicles; flowers distant, forming a racemiform inflorescence or sometimes solitary; pedicels ascending, 7-15 mm long; bracts linear lanceolate, scarious-margined, 5 mm long; calyx tubular, 14—18 mm long, puberulent teeth obtuse, with scarious ciliate margin; petals whitish (?), one and a half times as long as calyx; limb parted to two-thirds into oblong lobes; coronal scales lanceolate, acute, 0.75 mm long; claw ciliate; filaments hairy; capsule oblong-ovoid, 8—10 mm long; carpophore glabrous, 6mm long. May —June. Sands. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Endemic. Described from Kopal ravine (between Chingildy and Karacheku). Type in Leningrad. 85. S.semenovii Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, 2 (1866) 536; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 195; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1 896) 151; B.Schischk. in Not. Syst. Herb. Petropol. VI, 3 (1926) 5. Perennial; stems erect, sparingly branched, 30—60 cm long,covered with very short retrorse hairs, in upper part usually viscous; leaves lance-linear to linear 4—9cm long and 2—5 mm broad, acute, the lower petiolate, the median and upper sessile, puberulent; flowers 1—3 at tips of stems and branches; pedicels pubescent, equaling or twice to thrice as long as calyx; bracts lanceolate, scarious-margined; calyx cylindric- clavate, 15mm long and 3mm broad, puberulent, with alternately obtusish and acute teeth; petals whitish above, roseate beneath, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; limb 2-cleft to the middle; coronal scales narrowly linear, 3—4mm long; claw enlarged and densely ciliate at summit; filaments hairy; capsule ovoid, 10—14 mm long, twice the length of the puberulent carpophore; seeds tuberculate, 1mm long, grooved on the back. May — June. (Plate XL, Figure 3). Dry slopes and occasionally steppes. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzhungaria-Tarbagatai area), T.Sh. Endemic. Described from Zailiiskii Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad. 652 Section 10. SPERGULIFOLIAE Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 572, 611.— Calyx pubescent, 6-16 mm long; filaments glabrous; flowers short-pediceled, in dense cymes forming racemose-paniculate or loosely capitate inflorescences. Series 1. Polyphyllae Schischk.— Plants woody at base, with axillary fascicles of relatively narrow leaves. 497 653 86. S. spergulifolia (Desf.) M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 305; Lab. Fl. Ross. I, 309; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 612; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 206; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 161; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,142.—S.spergulifolia var.clavata etvar.ellipsoidea Trautv. in A.H. P. II (1873) 508. — Cucubalus spergulifolius Desf. in Ann. Mus. Paris XI (1808) 441, tab. 43.—.1c.) Dest., lcs, tab.43; Rehb. Ic. Pl./Germew 1 1.292. Perennial, woody at base; stems numerous, 10—40 cm long, crisp- puberulent as are the leaves, glandular at summit; leaves spatulate-linear to linear, subacute, 1—2 cm long and 1—2 mm broad, with axillary fascicles of narrower leaves; flowers short-pediceled, in 3-flowered dichasia often approximate at the summit of the stem; calyx cylindric, 5-12 mm long and 2mm broad, glandular-pubescent, with obtuse teeth; fruiting calyx not inflated, tightly enclosingthe capsule; petals whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle; coronal scales 0.3—0.4mm long; claw scarcely enlarged at summit, glabrous; capsule pyriform, 5mm long, in lower half 3mm broad; carpophore pubescent, 2.5—5 mm long; seeds reniform, to 1 mm long, bluntly tuberculate, very slightly grooved on the back. June—July. Stony and more rarely turfy slopes, and rocks. — Caucasus: Cisc., Main Range, Dag., E.and S. Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Armenia. Type in Paris. 87. S. brotherana Som. et Lev. in A. H. P. XIII (1893) 36 et XVI (1900) 69; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 40; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 414,— ? S.armeniaca Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 209. Perennial, woody and crisp-puberulent in lower part, sometimes glandular above; stems numerous, 20—40 cm long; leaves spatulate-linear to linear, 1—2 cm long and 1—2 mm broad, subacute, with axillary fascicles of narrower leaves; flowers in a racemiform terminal panicle; calyx clavate, ca. 10mm long, inflated in fruit, 5—6 mm broad, glandular-pubescent, the obtuse teeth with scarious ciliate margin; petals whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle or lower down into linear lobes; coronal scales broad-ovate, 0.4mm long; claw scarcely enlarged at summit, ciliate or glabrous; capsule pyriform, 5mm long and 3mm broad; carpophore pubescent, 1—4mm long. June— July. Stony slopes and taluses.— Caucasus: S.and E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Atskhur. Type in Florence. Note. To judge by the description of S.armeniaca Rohrb., that species is very similar to, if not identical with,S.brotherana Som. et Lev. Unfortunately, we have not been able to examine Rohrback's authentic specimens. Should the identity of the two species be proved in the future, priority rule would call for retention of the name S.armeniaca Rohrb. 88. S.brahuica Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 615; Rohrb. Monogr. 192; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 149. Perennial, woody at base; stems numerous, ascending in lower part, 15—35 cm long, covered with recurved hairs, simple or slightly branched at summit; leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, 2—3cm long and 1—3 mm broad, 1-veined, acute, puberulent, ciliate at base, with densely leafy axillary 498 54 fascicles; flowers short-pediceled, in 3—5-flowered dichasia forming a short narrowly paniculate inflorescence; bracts lanceolate, scarious, acute, ciliate; calyx cylindric-clavate, 11—14 mm long, covered, especially on the veins, with simple hairs sometimes interspersed with glandular; teeth ovate-lanceolate, with scarious ciliate margin; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales oblong, obtuse; claw enlarged at summit; capsule ovoid, scarcely longer than the puberulent carpophore; seeds reniform. May — July. Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Afghanistan and Baluchistan. Type in Geneva. Series 2. Repentes Schischk.— Stems herbaceous; leaves lanceolate. 89. S.repens Patr. in Pers. Syn.I (1805) 500; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 308; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. I, 208; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 206; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 142; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1 896) 161; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1068.— S.gypsophila Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris., éd. 3 (1829) 184, nom. nud. — S.gypsophiloides Schrank in Denkschr. Bot. Gesellsch. Regensb. II (1822) 45.— Cucubalus congestus Willd. ex Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea I (1826) 39.— Ic.: Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. V, t.425; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I, plate 149, II]. — Exs.: HFR no. 605. Perennial, puberulent throughout; rootstock long-creeping, slender; stems several, ascending at base, 15—60 cm long; leaves lance-linear to linear, ciliolate at the attenuate base, 2—7 cm long and 2—7 mm broad, with axillary fascicles of narrower leaves; flowers short-pediceled, in axillary and terminal cymes forming a narrowly paniculate inflorescence; calyx cylindric-clavate, somewhat inflated at summit, 11—16 mm long and 3-5 mm broad, puberulent, with obtuse scarious-margined teeth; petals whitish, about twice as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third, the lobes broad-ovate; coronal scales oblong, obtuse, ca.1.5 mm long; claw enlarged at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, 6-7 mm long; carpophore puberulent, 5—6 mm long; seeds reniform, ca.1 mm in diameter, striate. June— August. Steppe and water meadows, turfy and stony hill slopes, and sandy river- banks. — European part: U. V., V.-Kama, Transv.; W. Siberia: all regions; E. Siberia: Yen., Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uda, Ze.-Bu., Sakh., Uss.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh. Gen. distr.: Mong., Dzu.-Kah., N. E. Tibet, Jap., Manch., Korea. Described from the shores of Lake Baikal. Type in Paris. 90. S.cephalantha Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 613; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 197; B.Schischk. in Bull. du Mus.de Géorgie I (1922) 12; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 415.— S.repens Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 308 quo ad pl. transcauc. — S.caucasica Bmajor Rupr. Fl. Cauc.I (1869) 186.— S.repens var. transcaucasica Trautv.in A.H.P.II,2 (1873) 508; Will. Revisio Sil. 161.— S.transcaucasica Bordz. in Acta Hort. Juriev. XIII, 1 (1912) 19. Perennial; rootstock creeping; stem ascending at base, 20—60 cm long, simple, puberulent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3—5 cm long and 4-8 mm broad, puberulent or glabrous, usually ciliate-margined; axillary fascicles none; flowers short-pediceled, in a fairly dense or loose head at the summit of the stem or in few-flowered clusters at tips of branches, these 499 656 commonly appressed to stem; bracts ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, puberulent or ciliate; calyx campanulate-conic, 10-12 mm long and 4mm broad, crisp-hairy; teeth oblong, obtuse, the scarious margin ciliolate; petals white above, yellowish-green beneath, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third, the lobes oblong-ovate; coronal scales to 1 1/2 mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; filaments glabrous or ciliate; capsule ovoid, 6-8 mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore puberulent, 5-6 mm long; seeds to 1 1/2mm long. June—July. Alpine and subalpine meadows. — Caucasus: E.and 8. Transc. Gen. distr.: Turkish Armenia. Described from Palantaken Range (Turkish Armenia). Type in Geneva. 91. S. caespitosa Stev. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 262, non Salish. Prodr. (1796) nom.nud.; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1,653; Rupr. Fl. Caucasi, 198; Rohrb. Monogr. Sil., 133; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 90; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 412. — Ic.: Stev. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XI CUSED Gis Be Perennial; taproot rather stout, penetrating deep into crevices of calcareous rocks, multicipital, giving rise to short sterile shoots and numerous flowering stems, these 10—35 cm long, simple, glabrous (scabrous-punctate when dry), pubescent only below the inflorescence, brittle, with 4 or 5 leaf pairs; radical leaves narrowly linear, 1—7.5cm long and 1—1.5 mm broad, mucronulate, ciliate at base; cauline leaves 0.5—1 cm long, recurved; flowers in a loose few-flowered capitate inflorescence, rarely solitary at the summit of the stem; bracts small, herbaceous, ciliate; pedicels ca. 3mm long, densely pubescent; calyx cylindric-clavate, 7.5—-8.5 mm long, densely pubescent, with ovate obtuse teeth; petals greenish-white; limb cuneate-linear, shallowly 2-lobed; coronal scales very short, ovate; claw glabrous; capsule ovoid-globular, 4.5mm long; carpophore glabrous, 2—-3mmlong. June— July. Crevices of calcareous rocks, at altitudes between 1,600 and 2,200 m. — Caucasus: Main Range (E. part). Endemic. Described from Sudur (Kubin Mountain pass). Type in Helsinki. Series 3. Supinae Schischk.— Plants woody at base; axillary fascicles none. 92. S.supina M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 336; Il (1819) 304; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 322, ex parte; Boiss. Fl. Or.1, 614, part; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 139; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 162.— S.supina @ genuina Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 207, ex parte. — Ic.: M. B. Cent. pl. rar. ross. I (1810) t. 3; Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1997.— Exs.: HFR no. 2984; Bornm. Pl. exs. Bulg: or. (1889) no. 3. A much branched undershrub, with numerous sterile and flowering stems, these puberulent, 15—40cm long; leaves lance-linear éo linear, 2—4cm long and 2.5—5 mm broad, short-hairy; flowers several on the stem; pedicels short, erect; bracts linear-lanceolate, herbaceous; calyx cylindric, 17-—29mm long and 2.0—2.5 mm broad, covered with simple as well as glandular hairs; teeth ovate, obtuse, the scarious margin ciliate; petals whitish, oneand a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to below the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales oblong, 1.25 mm long; claw auriculate and ciliate at summit; carpophore covered with very short hairs,5mm long. June— August. 500 OT Rocks and calcareous slopes. — European part: V.-Don, Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Main Range foothills. Gen. distr.: N. Balk. (Bulgaria, Rumania). Described from the environs of Pyatigorsk. Type in Leningrad. 93. S. pruinosa Boiss. Diagn. Ser.I, 1 (1842) 23; Fl. Or. 1, 612; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 163; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.II,414.—S.supina 8 pruinosa Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 208. Perennial, woody at base, densely puberulent; stems densely leafy, 15—30 cm long, thickened at nodes; leaves lance-linear, 1—2 cm long and 2—3 mm broad, 1- veined, acute, ciliate in lower part, puberulent on both surfaces; pedicels shorter than calyx; flowers at tips of stems andbranches; bracts ovate, acutish, herba- ceous; calyx tubular,13—16 mm long and2.5 mm broad, glandular -pubescent,with obtuse broadly scarious-margined teeth; petals white, one andahalftimes as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle; coronal scales ovate, obtuse; claw very slightly enlarged at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid; carpophore pubescent, ca. 8mm long. Stony slopes. — Not found in the USSR. Occurring in adjoining parts of Turkey, Ashikhdad Mountain, near the Kagyzman district of Kars region. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Syria and Cappadocia. Type in Geneva. -Section 11. AURICULATAE Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 572,615. — Flowers perfect, erect; calyx rather large, cylindric or slightly inflated, with obtuse teeth, covered with simple as well as glandular hairs; petals 2-lobed; coronal scales always present; claw auriculate at summit; filaments glabrous; carpophore long. Series 1. Aucherianae Schischk. — Rather high plants, somewhat woody at base; leaves linear-lanceolate; petals white or roseate; claw glabrous; calyx cylindric or very slightly inflated. 94. S, aucheriana Boiss. Diagn. Ser.1,1 (1842) 27; Fl. Or.I, 617; Rohrb. Monogr. 36; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 95.—S.hohenac- keri Boiss. Diagn. Ser. II, 1 (1853) 75; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 415. — S.supina var.latifolia Hoh. Enum. Talysch (1838) 162 (non M. B.); Ldb. Fl. Ross.1,322.—S.aucheriana f~hohenackeri Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 617, ex parte.— S.aucheriana lus. 2 Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 136. Perennial, woody in lower part, velvety-puberulent; stems several, 30—40 cm long, simple or branched at summit; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2—3.5cm long and 2—4mm broad, 1-veined, the lower petiolate, the upper sessile; flowers in a loose paniculate inflorescence, on pedicels 2—5 mm long; bracts linear-lanceolate, scarious, glandular-pubescent; calyx cylindric, 10-13 mm long and 3 mm broad, with obtuse teeth; petals whitish, about twice as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into obovate lobes; coronal scales broad-ovate, ca.1.5mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, 8mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore pubescent, 5mm long. May—July. Stony slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Iran (Elvend and Dalmkou mountains). Type in Geneva. 501 658 *95. S.ispirensis Boiss. et Huet in Boiss. Diagn. pl. or.nov. ser. 2, V (1856) 55; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.II,475.— S.montbretiana Boiss. Fl. Or.1I (1867) 614, ex parte; Rohrb. Monogr. 192, part. Perennial, woody at base, covered with very short retrorse simple as well as glandular hairs; stems 15—30cm long, with ascending branches; leaves lance-linear, 1.5—3 cm long and 2.5—5 mm broad, 1—3-veined; those of sterile radical shoots usually narrower and long-petioled; flowers in 3-flowered dichasia at tips of stems and branches, forming a paniculate inflorescence; pedicels one-fourth to half as long as calyx; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, 4—5 mm long, usually inserted just below the flower; calyx cylindric, 15—17 mm long and 3 mm broad, covered with simple as well as glandular hairs; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined; petals whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into oblong obtuse lobes; coronal scales 0.5—1mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, 12mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore puberulent, 5—7 mm long. June—July. Dry slopes. — Not known to date from the USSR but possibly occurring in S.Transc. The plant was collected in the Oltin area (Turkish border). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Ispir. Type in Geneva. 96. S.bornmiulleri Freyn in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. XII (1891) 363; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 162; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 415. Perennial, woody at base, puberulent; stems 20—40cm long, branched at summit; lower leaves lanceolate, acute, petiolate; upper leaves sessile, 1-veined or obscurely 3-veined, 3—4 cm long and ca. 6 mm broad; inflores- cence a few-flowered panicle; pedicels shorter to very slightly longer than calyx; calyx 10—15 mm long and 3—5 mm broad, inflated in fruit and then to 6—8 mm broad, covered with long crisp hairs interspersed with glandular ones; teeth obtuse, their scarious margin ciliate; petals white, about twice as long as calyx; limb cleft to one-third or to the middle, the lobes ovate; coronal scales ovate, obtusish, ca. 1mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, 8—9mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore woolly, 2.5—7mm long; seeds triangular-reniform, ca.1mm long. June—July. Dry slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Ildiz-Dash (Sivas). Type in Vienna. 97. S. prilipkoana Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 676. Perennial, woody and profusely branched at base, almost suffrutescent; herbaceous stems 15—25 cm long, densely covered with short patulous or retrorse hairs; leaves obovate, 12—20mm long and 3—8 mm broad, densely puberulent, 3-veined in lower part, short-acuminate at summit, narrowing toward base; flowers terminal, solitary or in 3-flowered dichasia, the lateral ones long-pediceled; bracts lance-linear, herbaceous; calyx clavate, 12 mm long and 5mm broad, with 10 prominent nerves anastomosing in upper part, whitish-scarious between the nerves; petals lurid, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales ovate, ca. 1mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; filaments glabrous; capsule ovoid, gradually attenuate toward summit, 9mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore minutely puberulent, 3mm long; seeds triangular- reniform, obscurely and minutely tuberculate on the back, ca. 1mm long. June. 502 Stony slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Endemic. Described from Nakhi- chevan ASSR (near Akhur). Type in Baku; cotype in Leningrad. 98. S.crispans Litw. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Pétersb. III (1907) 99. — S.gaudanensis Litw.,l.c.(1907) 102. Perennial, puberulent, with leafy sterile shoots; stems ascending, 5—30 cm long,commonly simple; leaves linear-lanceolate, 1—1.5 cm long, 0.5—1.5(2.5) mm broad, acute, often subfalcate; flowers terminal, solitary or 2—8 together; pedicels 2—10mm long; bract small, narrowly lanceolate; calyx cylindric, 12—18 mm long, puberulent, with obtuse teeth; petals white or roseate, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle or to two-thirds into linear-oblong lobes; coronal scales present; claw enlarged at summit, glabrous; capsule ovaloid, 6—7 mm long, equaling to twice as long as the puberulent carpophore; seeds reniform, grooved on the back, the flat faces tuberculate. May—June. Dry gravelly slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from Gaudan. Type in Leningrad. 159 99. S. popovii Schischk., nom. nov.— S.tenerrima M. Pop. Descript. plant. nov.in Turk. lect. Pochv. eksped. v bass. rr.Syr-Dar'i i Amu-Dar'i, No. II (1916) 40, non Presl., Delic. Prag. (1822) 217. Perennial, puberulent throughout, loosely tufted, with numerous densely leafy sterile shoots; flowering stems 15—20cm long; leaves acute, those of sterile shoots and the lower cauline narrowly linear, 3.5—5 cm long and 0.5—1.5 mm broad, the upper cauline linear-lanceolate, 1.5—2.5 cm long and 2—4 mm broad; pedicels 5—10 mm long; flowers 3—7, terminal; bracts herbaceous, resembling the upper foliar leaves; calyx cylindric, 13-15mm long and 2—3 mm broad, puberulent, with short ovate obtuse teeth; petals bright pink; limb cleft into linear obtuse lobes, these sometimes 2-fid; capsule oblong, ca. 10mm long, in upper part 4mm broad, tapering at summit, in maturity exserted to half its length; carpophore minutely scaberulous. 4—5mm long. End of April—June. (Plate XXXIX, Figure 5). Woody and southern slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Shakhrisyab range near the villages of Koinar and Aman-Kupan). Endemic. Described from the locations indicated. Type in Tashkent; cotype in Leningrad. 100. S.indeprensa Schischk. in Acta Inst. Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ser. 1, III (1936). Perennial; taproot stout, multicipital; stems numerous, erect or at base ascending, covered with short grayish and sometimes glandular hairs, 20—45 cm long, slightly branched at summit, thickened at nodes; radical leaves spatulate-linear; 2—3 cm long and 0.5—2 mm broad, acute, velvety- puberulent, gradually narrowing toward base; cauline leaves similar, some- times with axillary fascicles; flowers commonly solitary or 3 at tips of stems and branches; pedicels stoutish, 1-12 mm long; bracts herbaceous, ovate-lanceolate, 2—3 mm long; calyx campanulate, slightly inflated, 12—15 mm long and 3—6 mm broad, puberulent, sometimes glandular, with 10 usually reddish nerves; teeth obtuse; petals one and a half times as long as calyx, white; limb cleft to below the middle into oblong lobes; 660 503 661 coronal scales broad-ovate, obtuse, ca. 1mm long; claw exceeding calyx, glabrous, slightly enlarged at summit; capsule ovoid, 7-9 mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore densely crisp-puberulent, 4—6 mm long. June; fr. July. Rock crevices. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Chapan-Dag, Suluklyu). Endemic. Described from Chapan-Dag. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Pachyneurae Schischk. — Leaves prominently 3-nerved. 101. S. pachyneura Schischk.in Acta Inst. Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ser. 1, III (1936). S.arguta Pf armena Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 618; Rohrb. Monogr. 136; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 93.—S.arguta Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IJ, 413, non Fenzl. Perennial, puberulent throughout, scarcely woody at base, with short leafy sterile shoots; flowering stems ascending, slightly branched at summit, 30—40cm long; leaves linear-lanceolate, 3—4 cm long and 3—5(7) mm broad, acute, prominently 3—5-nerved beneath, often recurved, sometimes falcately spreading; flowers at tips of stems and branches, in 3-flowered dichasia, more rarely solitary; bracteoles narrowly lanceolate, herbaceous, scarious-margined, inserted just below the flower; calyx cylindric-clavate, 15—16 mm long, puberulent and covered, especially on the nerves, with long recurved stiffish hairs; teeth obtuse; petals whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to below the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales oblong, ca.1 mm long; claw auriculate at summit; capsule oblong, 9mm long and 3.5mm broad; carpophore puberulent, 3—5 mm long; seeds reniform, 1—2 mm long, bluntly tuberculate. June—July. Rocks and stony slopes in the subalpine zone. — Caucasus: E.and S. Transc. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from the environs of Malazgirt (Mus.Sanjack). Type in Leningrad. 102. S. sisianica Boiss. et Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1860) 36; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1,617; Suppl. 98; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 93.—S.arguta 2 sisianica Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 136. Perennial, scarcely woody at base, branched at summit, puberulent; leaves linear-lanceolate, sharply scabrous, 3—5cm long and 2.5—5mm broad, ascending, prominently 3-veined; flowers short-pediceled, in 3-flowered dichasia at tips of stem and of 1 or 2 rather short upright branches; bracteo.es lanceolate-acuminate, with scarious ciliate margin; pedicels shorter than to equaling calyx; calyx 15mm long and 3 mm broad, conic-campanulate, puberulent and covered with numerous long crisp hairs; teeth triangular-lanceolate, scarious-margined, obtusish; petals 18mm long, white; limb cleft to below the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales ovate, obtusely crenulate at summit, 11/2 mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; carpophore minutely puberulent,4mm long. July. Stony slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Sizian. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Pygmaeae Schischk. — Dwarf plants with procumbent or ascending stems; cauline leaves suborbicular; petals purple or red, with glabrous claw. 504 62 103. S. pygmaea Ad. in Web. et Mohr, Beitrage I (1805) 59; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 78; Rupr. Fl. Cauc. 187; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 88.—S.spathulata M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1803) 341; Ldb. HipRosselo20s) Boiss, ELIOr. G26.— Sipe trmalea Ldb, in litt.ap.’Schrank, Syll. I (1824) 211, non Waldst. et Kit. neque Adams.— S.ledebourii Heynh. Nomencl. II (1840) 667. Perennial; stems several, 8-20 cm long, ascending, spatulous-hairy, clothed at base with remnants of dead leaves; radical leaves spatulate, obtuse, abruptly tapering to petiole and together with it ca.3cm long, 8mm broad, the petiole equaling or longer than blade; cauline leaves 3 or 4 pairs, sessile, acutish, sometimes almost orbicular, to 2cm long and 1.5cm broad; flowers 3—7, terminal short-pediceled, fragrant; calyx 11—12 mm long and 3mm broad, with obtuse teeth, not accrescent in fruit, patulous-hairy, sometimes purple-tinged; petals rose-purple, one and a half times to twiceas longas calyx; limb cleftnearly to the middle into oblong- linear lobes; coronal scales ovate-lanceolate, ca.1 mm long; claw auriculate at summit, scarcely ciliate or glabrous; capsule ovoid, 6mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore hairy, 4mm long; seeds reniform, 1 mm long, sharply tuberculate on the back. June— August. Rocks in the alpine zone. — Caucasus: Main Range, Daghestan, W. Transc. (Mingrelia Mountains). Endemic. Described from Osetia. yipe rin: Leningrad. 104, S. humilis C. A. M. Verzeichn. Pfl. cauc. (1831) 215; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 320; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 655; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 128; Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. 199° Perennial; rootstock creeping, slenderly stringy; stems sprawling, ascending, puberulent, in upper part glandular; leaves broad-ovate, sometimes suborbicular, more rarely oblong, abruptly tapering to a very short petiole, together with it 5-10 mm long, 3-5 mm broad, crisp-puberulent; flowers solitary at tips of stems and branches, nodding, subsessile or borne on pedicels shorter than calyx; bracts herbaceous, lanceolate; calyx clavate, 12—15 mm long and 4—5 mm broad, glandular -puberulent, with obtuse teeth; petals red, about twice as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third, the lobes oblong; coronal scales rounded-quadrate, to 1mm long; claw enlarged at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, 10mm long and 5 mm broad; carpophore tomentose, 2mm long. July. Taluses in the alpine zone, at altitudes between 2,000 and 3,000 m. — Caucasus: Centr. and E. part of the Main Range, mountains of Daghestan. Endemic. Described from Tufan-Dag. Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Lychnideae Schischk.— Calyx more or less inflated, with obtuse teeth; leaves narrowly linear or lanceolate; petals commonly white, rarely purple, with ciliate claw. 105. S.lychnidea C. A. M. Verzeihn. Pfl. cauc. (1831) 213; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 649 et Suppl. 106; Rupr. Fl. Cauc.; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 213; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 145; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 413.— S.gramini- folia B lychnidea Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1861) 307.— S.subuni- flora Som. et Lev. in A.H. P. XIII, 3 (1893) 39; XVI, 72.— Ic.: Som. et Lev. iA OeVl taba lo. — HacS.s HEE no. lo4a. 505 663 Perennial; root collar clothed at base with remnants of dead leaves; stems several, arising laterally from the basal rosette, ascending, 7-25 cm long, glandular -pubescent, sometimes glabrate (var. glabrifolia Rupr.); cauline leaves 1—3 pairs, rarely 4 or 5 (var.ulukamensis Schischk.); the lower lanceolate to lance-linear, acute, petiolate, 3-6 cm long and 3—8 mm broad, with glandular -ciliate margin, the upper smaller; flowers 1—3; pedicels long, often exceeding calyx, nodding; calyx glandular -hairy, broadly campanulate, 15—16 mm long and ca. 7mm broad; teeth broadly triangular, obtuse, Scarious-margined; petals 25 mm long, white, very rarely purple-tinged (var. purpurea Schischk.); limb 2-cleft to the middle or lower down into oblong lobes; claw ciliate, auriculate at summit; coronal scales ovate, rounded or retuse at apex, ca.1.5 mm long; capsule ovoid, 12 mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore pubescent, 7—8 mm long; seeds triangular -reniform, 1 mm long, grooved on the back, minutely tuberculate, the faces striate. July —August. - Subalpine and alpine meadows. — Caucasus: Gr.Cauc. Endemic. Described from Elbrus Mountain. Type in Leningrad. 106. S.linearifolia Otth. in DC. Prodr. 1 (1824) 374.— S.an gustifolia M. B. Fl. taur. -cauc. I (1808) 337; III (1819) 305, non Poit. (1789), nec. Cucubalus angustifolius Mill.; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 316; Boiss. Fl. Or.1, 649; Rupr. Fl. Cauc., 196; Shmal'g., Fl.1,138.—S.petraea Adams in Web. et Mohr, Beitr. I (1805) 58, non Waldst. et Kit. (1803); Rohrb. Monogr. 191; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 148, excl. hab. Tibet. Perennial; stems several, commonly ascending at base, 10—30cm long, glabrous, Simple or slightly branched at summit; radical leaves numerous; cauline 5—12 pairs, spreading or recurved; all leaves narrowly linear, 2.5cm long and 1—2 (3)mm broad, keeled beneath, the margins smooth or ciliate; flowers solitary or several at tips of stems and branches; pedicels short, woolly-pubescent; calyx 15—16 mm long and 3—5 mm broad, puberulent or glabrous (var.gymnocalycina Rupr.); petals whitish above, roseate or greenish beneath, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle or lower down into oblong-linear lobes; coronal scales quadrate, unequally and bluntly denticulate at apex, 1.5 mm long; claw auriculate and ciliate at summit; capsule oblong-ovoid, 7mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore hairy or glabrous, 5—6 mm long; seeds reniform, ca. 1mm long, bluntly tuberculate. June— August. Rocks in the subalpine zone, at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 m. — Caucasus: Main Range. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Geneva. 107. S. kubanensis Som. et Lev. in A. H. P. XIII, 5 (1893) 37 et op.c. XVI (1900) 70; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII, 33; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 415, — ss. : Hb no. lOoG. Perennial; root collar clothed with remnants of dead leaves; stems several, arising laterally from the basal rosette, ascending, 20—40 cm long, branched in inflorescence, glandular -pubescent or glabrous, bearing 5—8 leaf pairs; leaves lanceolate, 3-5 cm long and 3—8 mm broad, acute or acuminate, petiolate, 1-veined, glandular-hairy; flowers 3—6 at tips of stems and branches, short-pediceled, erect or nodding; bracts lanceolate, 5402 506 364 567 broadly scarious-margined, calyx broadly campanulate, somewhat inflated, 15 mm long and 5mm broad, glandular -pubescent, with ovate obtuse teeth; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to below the middle into broadly linear lobes; coronal scales ovate, 0.5—1 mm long; claw auriculate and ciliate at summit; capsule ovoid, 8mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore hairy, 6—7mm long; seeds triangular -reniform, to Mmm long... July. Rock crevices in mountain pine woods, at altitudes between 900 and 1,700 m.— Caucasus: N. slope of the W. part of the Main Range. Endemic. Described from the Teberda River, Elbrus Mountain, Kuban River. Type in Leningrad. 108. S.turgida M. B. ex Bge. FI. Alt. Suppl. (1836) 31; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 307; Rohrb. Monogr. 79; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 146; Keyl, PieZap. clo. Vv, L051). — Svalitatca Otth inyDC. Prodral (1824) 374,non Pers.— S.graminifolia Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II, 143,non Otth. — S.graminifolia iturgida Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1861) 306. — feed. Ie. pl: Floss. i,t: 138: Perennial; rootstock stout, branched, giving rise to short sprawling shoots, with brown remnants of dead leaves at base and tufts of green leaves at the top; flowering stems glandular -puberulent, ascending, 5-18 cm long, Simple, with 1 or 2 leaf pairs, forming a dense mat; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 1—3 cm long and 1—2 mm broad, glabrous except ciliate base, narrowing toward base, subulate-pointed at apex; flowers in a few-flowered raceme or solitary; pedicels glandular -pubescent, equaling or shorter than calyx; bracts resembling foliar leaves, Scarious- margined; calyx ovaloid or companulate, 15 mm long, in fruit inflated and to 8mm broad, glandular-pubescent; teeth triangular, obtuse, with Sscarious ciliate margin; petals white or roseate, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales obtuse; claw auriculate and ciliate at summit; filaments villous; capsule ovoid, 8mm long and 5mm broad, about as long as the puberulent carpophore; seeds reniform, tuberculate, grooved on the back. June— July. Rocks and stony slopes; ascending into the alpine zone. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (above Ana River and along the Usa River in the W.Sayans). Endemic. Described from Siberia. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Macranthae Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 70, 132.— Flowers solitary to several, terminal; calyx covered with simple or glandular hairs, large (15—30 mm long); filaments glabrous; carpophore long. 109. S.depressa M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 336, non Biv. (1814); Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 622; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 133, part; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 411.—S.depressa var.@ Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 321. Perennial; stems several, ascending, 6—12 cm long, covered with retrorse simple hairs interspersed with glandular; radical leaves narrowly lanceolate, 3cm long and 2—3 mm broad, acute, ciliate-margined, glabrous or Scabrous on both surfaces; cauline leaves linear, similar but smaller, usually much shorter than internodes; flowers solitary or else 2 or 3 on 507 (665) PLATE XL. 1. Silene sibirica (L.) Pers.— 2. S.gebleriana Schrenk.— 8. S.semenovii Rgl.— 4, S.pseudotenuis Schischk.— 5. S.trajectorum Kom. 508 the stem, subtended by a pair of terminal leaves; calyx cylindric, 27—30 mm long, covered with simple as well as glandular hairs, the teeth obtuse; petals greenish-yellow, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third or to the middle; coronal scales oblong, obtuse or unequally denticulate, 1mm long; capsule ovoid, ca.8mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore hairy, 15—30 mm long; seeds rounded-reniform, ca. 1mm long, minutely tuberculate, grooved on the back. July —August. Rocks in the alpine zone, at altitudes between 2,000 and 2,800 m. Caucasus: E. Transc. Endemic. Described from the Georgian SSR (environs of Tbilisi?). Type in Leningrad. Note. Bieberstein (1. c.) records that the type was collected in the vicinity of Tiflis. This, however, is probably wrong, as the plant is unknown in the Tiflis area. 110. S. grossheimii Schischk. in A. Grossh. and M. Sachokia, Sketch of vegetation of Kabistan (1931) 89. Perennial; taproot stout, multicipital; stems numerous, erect, 8-—18cm long, densely covered with short hairs; radical leaves spatulate, heavily canescent, 1—2.5 cm long and 2—4 mm broad, acute, congested; cauline leaves sessile except the lowermost, much shorter than internodes; bracts herbaceous, resembling foliar leaves but smaller; flowers solitary or paired at tips of stems; pedicels erect to subpatulous, 3-12 mm long; calyx 25mm long, densely covered with simple crisp hairs; teeth obtuse, broadly scarious-margined; petals whitish-green; limb cleft to below the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales oblong, ca.1 mm long; claw glabrous, auriculate at summit; capsule ovoid-oblong, ca. 14 mm long; carpophore densely pubescent in lower part, glabrous above, 10—13 mm long; seeds reniform, striate, 1.5—2mm long. May-June. Slopes. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Shemakha Pass between Perekesh-Kyul and Agridzha; between Keshe-Kereb and Gumcha Mountain. Endemic. Described fromthe locations indicated. Type in Baku; cotype in Leningrad. 111. S. caucasica (Bge.) Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 622; Rohrb. Monogr. p. 131; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 413.— S.vallesia Bcaucasica Bge. Ind. Dorp. (1837) 7; Linnaea XII Litter. Ber. (1838) 72.— S.vallesia Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 320, non L. Perennial; stems ascending, 7-25 cm long, puberulent, sometimes glandular; radical leaves lanceolate, 4—5 cm long and 0.5—0.6 cm broad, acute; cauline leaves 1—5 pairs, smaller; all leaves puberulent; flowers 1—5 at tips of stems, short-pediceled, often nodding; bracts herbaceous, ovate -lanceolate, acute, glandular-puberulent; calyx tubular -cylindric, 18—20 mm long and 4—5 mm broad, glandular -puberulent, with obtuse teeth; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to below the middle into oblong lobes, these terminated by rounded obtuse teeth; coronal scales broad-ovate, denticulate at apex, 1—1.5 mm long; claw enlarged and usually ciliate at summit; capsule ovoid, 8-10 mm long, about equaling the hairy carpophore; seeds reniform, black. July— August. Alpine meadows, at altitudes between 2,400 and 3,000 m.— Caucasus: Gr. Cauc., Dag. Endemic. Described from Tufan-Dag (E. Caucasus). Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. 509 669 112. S. tatianae Schischk. in Acta Inst. Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, III (1936). Perennial, densely crisp-pubescent throughout and at summit glandular; rootstock long, woody, branched, 1.5—2 mm thick, giving rise to short sterile shoots and flowering stems 5—15cm long; leaves of sterile shoots lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a rather long and broad petiole, 1—2.5cm long and 1.5—3.5 mm broad, acute, with softly ciliolate margin; cauline leaves Similar, sessile; flowers solitary or else 2 or 3 at tips of stems; pedicels 4—5 mm long; calyx cylindric-clavate, 15—20 mm long and 3—4 mm broad, glandular-pubescent; teeth ovate, obtuse, broadly scarious-margined; petals one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into ovate lobes; coronal scales broad-ovate, obtuse, ca.1mm long; claw scarcely enlarged at summit, glabrous as are filaments; carpophore densely pubescent, ca.10mm long. July — August. Alpine slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Zangezur Range between Yaglu- Dara and Ag-Yurt). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Baku; cotype in Leningrad. 113. S.ineurvifolia Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 391; db. Fl. Ross,'1,321; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1054.— S.de ressiat Ldbs HI? Alt. II (1830) 151, non M. B.nec Baumg.— S.depressa var. 8 Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 321 ex parte.— S.supina Lab. FI. Alt. II (1830) 151, non M.B.; Kryl., Fl. Alt.1,148.— S.repens var.macilenta Bge. Suppl. Fl. Alt. (1836) 32.—S.1it giosa Schrenk in Bull. Phys. Mat. Acad. Pétersb. II (1844) 198.— S.tarbaghataica Kryl., Botanical material collected by G. N. Potanin in the Semipalatink Region (1891) 60. Perennial, covered throughout with short retrorse appressed hairs, these usually interspersed in upper part with glandular hairs; rootstock stringlike, creeping; stems rather numerous, erect or ascending, 8-25 cm long; leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, acute, narrowing toward base, 2—5 cm long and 1—5 mm broad, the lower with axillary fascicles; flowers solitary or else 2 or 3 at tips of stems, on pedicels 2—30 mm long; bracts linear, herbaceous, 0.5—1.5cm long; calyx cylindric-clavate, 2—2.5 cm long and 3mm broad, covered with simple as well as glandular hairs; teeth ovate, obtuse, Scarious-margined; petals whitish; limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales obovate, crenulate; claw auriculate at summit; capsule ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 10—12 mm long, as long as the densely pubescent carpophore; seeds reniform, ca. 1.5 mm long, finely striate. June— July. (Plate XXXIX, Figure 1). Stony and gravelly slopes, around rocks, more rarely on sandy soil. — W. Siberia: Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Ayaguz (N. E. Kazakhstan). Type in Leningrad. 114. S. schafta Gmel. jun. ex Hoh. Enum. Talysch (1838) 161; Fisch et Mey. Ind. V sem. Hort. Petropol. (1839) 41; Lbd. Fl. Ross. I, 323; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1,655; Rohrb. Monogr.132.— Ic.: Fisch. et Mey. Sert. Petropol. 2. Bot. reg. (1846) t. 20. Perennial; taproot stout, multicipital; stems numerous, ascending, puberulent, 10—15 cm long; leaves ovate, 1—1.5cm long and 5-8 mm broad, obtuse, ciliate-margined, with a very short petiole; flowers 1 or 2 510 at tips of stems and branches; pedicels shorter than to equaling calyx, pubescent; calyx long-cylindric, 18-22 mm long and ca. 4mm broad, puberulent; teeth obtuse, with scarious ciliate margin; petals purple, twice as long as calyx; limb notched at apex; coronal scales ovate, to 1mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, ca. 15 mm long; carpophore pubescent, as long as capsule; seeds sharply tuberculate. July — August. Rocks in the subalpine zone, at altitudes between 1,500 and 1,800 m. — Caucasus: Talysh (Keridakhi Mtn., Kyz-Kalasi, Shindan-Kalasi, Boloband). Gen. distr.: N. Iran. Described from Zuvant, Keridakhi Mtn. Type in Leningrad. 670 Series 6. Gymmnocarpophoreae Schischk.— Carpophore glabrous; calyx large. 115. S. kuschakewiczi Rgl. et Schmalh. in A.H. P. V, 1 (1877) 246. Perennial, scarcely woody at base; flowering stems numerous, ascending at base, then erect, 20—30 cm long, simple or slightly branched at summit, covered with short retrorse hairs; leaves lanceolate, acute, puberulent or more rarely glabrate, 3.5—5 cm long and 5—7 mm broad, the lower short- petioled, the upper sessile; flowers at tips of stems and branches in 3—5-flowered dichasia; pedicels short; bracts lanceolate, acute, covered, as are pedicels, with recurved hairs; calyx cylindric-clavate, 20-22 mm long and ca. 3mm broad, covered with retrorse recurved hairs; teeth ovate, obtuse, scarious-margined; petals white; limb lobed to one-third or to the middle, the lower obtuse; coronal scales small; limb acutely auriculate; capsule ovoid, ca.10mm long; carpophore glabrous, 10-—15mm long; seeds reniform, grooved on the back, with concave faces. June— July. (Plate XXXIX, Figure 6). Rocky slopes. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Endemic. Described from Kastek Pass. Type in Leningrad. 116. S. pamirensis (H. Winkl.) Preobr. in Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, II (1936) 151.—S.caucasica var.pamirensis H. Winkl. Stud. Veg. Pamir in Caryophyllaceae in As. central. a cl. O. Paulsen lectae (1920) 47.— Ic.: H. Winkl, l.c. Perennial, strongly woody at base, with densely leafy and sometimes fairly long sterile shoots; flowering stems numerous, ascending at base, 5—30 cm long, covered with short stiffish retrorse hairs, sometimes glandular at summit, simple or withascending branches; leaves of sterile shoots lanceo- late to linear -lanceolate, 1—3 cm long and 1-5 mm broad, densely scabrous- pubescent, acute, tapering to a fairly long petiole, greatly exceeding the internodes, with short narrow-leaved axillary branchlets; cauline leaves much shorter than internodes, sessile; flowers at tips of stems and branches in dichasia or rarely solitary; bracts herbaceous resembling foliar leaves but only 4—6 mm long; calyx cylindric-clavate, 16—22 mm long, covered with short crisp hairs sometimes interspersed with glandular ones; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined, ciliolate, 2—3 mm long; petals white or 671 | roseate; limb lobed to one-third, the lobes oblong obtuse; coronal scales S11 672 short; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, 8-10 mm long; carpophore glabrous, 6&-10mm long; seeds rounded-reniform, ca. 1mm long, with striate faces, grooved on the back. June— August. (Plate XXXIX, Figure 3). Stony and rocky slopes and around stones in the high-alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Pamir: Sassyk-Kul, Chatyr-Tau, Chukur Lake, Kara-Su River, Pamir River, Anachur Valley, Shakh-Dara, Yashimb-Kul; Shugnan: Khorog, Bartang River). Endemic. Described from around Yashimb-Kul Lake (var.pamirensis H.Winkl.). Type in Leningrad. 117. S.,karaczukuri B. Fedtsch. in A. H. P. XXVIII (1909) 469; H. Winkl. in Caryophyllaceae in As. central.a cl. O. Paulsen lectae (1920) 47.— S.pamirensis Preobr. in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS, ex parte. Perennial, woody at base, with short densely leafy sterile shoots; flowering stems numerous, 5—10cm long, minutely glandular -puberulent; radical leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, 0.5—1.5 (2.0)cm long and 0.5—1.5 mm broad, tapering to a fairly long petiole, acute to subobtuse, glabrous except for ciliate margin; cauline leaves 3 pairs, resembling the radical but shorter and sessile; flowers solitary; bracts herbaceous, lanceolate, 3—10 mm long; calyx tubular-cylindric, 15—20 mm long, covered with very short glandular hairs; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined, ca. 1 mm long; petals roseate or white; limb cleft to the middle into oblong obtuse lobes; coronal scales short; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule unknown. July — August. (Plate XXXIX, Figure 4). Rocky slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam. Gen. distr.: Chinese Pamir. Described from Tagdumbash- Pamir, where it was collected at confluence of Kara-Chukur and Ilyk-Su rivers. Type in Leningrad. 118. S. meyeri Fenzl in Kotschy, Pl. Pers. austr. ex Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 523; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 411.—S.depressa C.A. M. Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 216, non M.B.— S.depressa var.y Ldb. FI. Ross. I (1842) 321.— Side pressa Bmeyeri Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 133, ex parte; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 90. Perennial, woody at base, with numerous congested puberulent herbaceous stems 2—7cm long; cauline leaves spatulate-linear or lanceolate, 1.0—1.8 cm long and 1.5—4 mm broad, usually much longer than internodes, glabrous or puberulent, ciliate-margined, petiolate or sessile; flowers solitary at tips of stems, subtended by 2 pairs of terminal leaves; calyx glandular-roseate, about one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-fifth, the lobes oblong; coronal scales lanceolate, acute, to 1.5mm long; claw with large obtusely toothed auricles; capsule broad-ovoid, 5mm long and 3.5mm broad; carpophore glabrous, to 20 mm long; seeds reniform, muricate on the back, the faces striate. June —August. Rocks in the alpine and subalpine zones.— Caucasus: S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad. 119. S. guntensis* B. Fedtsch. in Trud. Bot. Muz. Akad. Nauk v SPbI (1902) 119,nom.— S.depressa var.guntensis B. Fedtsch., l.c. (1902). — * It is possible that this includes S.turkestanica Rgl.in A.H. P. II (1878) 436, which cannot be checked because of lack of the authentic specimen and inaccurate description. 512 673 S.depressa auct. Fl. Turk., non M.B.— S.rupicola M. Pop. in Schedis ad Herb. Inst. bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, non Boreau nec Huet. Perennial; taproot stout, multicipital; stems numerous, slender, ascending at base, 15—30cm long, densely leafy below, gray-puberulent as are the leaves; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, narrowing at base, 2—6cm long and 0.5—4.5 mm broad; flowers solitary or in 3's; bracts herbaceous, long-acuminate from lanceolate base; pedicels 2—5 mm long; calyx eylindric-clavate, 25—35 mm long and 2—4 mm broad, covered with short glandular hairs; teeth obtuse, the scarious margin ciliate; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into oboval lobes; coronal scales obtuse; capsule ovoid, 6—8 mm long. June—August. (Plate XXXIX, Figure 2). Rocks and stony slopes, at altitudes between 900 and 3,000 m.— Centr. Asia: W.T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Shugnan, Gunt River valley. Type in Leningrad. 120. S. araratica Schischk. in Ber. d. Tomsk. Staatlich. Universitat. B. 77, Lief. 3 (1927) 292; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 411.— S.vallesia Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 320, ex parte, non L.— S.meyeri f.calycina Lipsky in Sched. Perennial; rootstock woody, stoutish, giving rise to flowering stems and short sterile shoots; stems ascending, ca. 10cm long, covered with short glandular hairs; leaves spatulate, 15—25 mm long and 4—6 mm broad, short- acuminate, minutely glandular -puberulent, with ciliate margin; lower cauline and rosette leaves tapering to a fairly long petiole; median and upper cauline leaves sessile, equaling or scarcely exceeding internodes; flowers 1 or 2 on the stem, short-petioled; calyx cylindric, 25mm long, glandular-hairy, with obtuse teeth; petals whitish (?); limb lobed to one-quarter or one-third, the divergent lobes rounded at apex; coronal scales obtuse, ca.1.5 mm long; claw glabrous, auriculate at summit; capsule ovoid, 9-11 mm long; carpophore glabrous, 17-20 mm long; seeds reniform, grooved on the back, minutely tuberculate. Caucasus: S. Transc. (Ilanlu-Dag Min.). Gen. distr.: Ararat. Described from Mt. Ararat. Type in Leningrad. 121. S. korshinskyi Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 677. Perennial; taproot stout, multicipital, giving rise to numerous Sterile shoots forming a dense pulvinate mat; flowering stems few, glabrous in lower part, covered above with stoutish simple as well as glandular hairs or glandular throughout; leaves of sterile shoots linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, 1-3 cm long and 1.5—2.5 (3) mm broad, glabrous, sparsely ciliate, 1-veined; cauline leaves 3—5 pairs, resembling the radical but smaller, the lower glabrous, the upper pubescent like the stem; bracts herbaceous, lanceolate, inserted just below the flower; calyx cylindric-clavate, 23-27 mm long, densely covered with glandular hairs; petals whitish (?), one-third longer than calyx; limb cleft to the middle, the oblong lobes unequally rounded-toothed at apex; coronal scales to 2mm long; capsule ovoid, 10 mm long; carpophore glabrous,15mm long. August— September. Stony slopes in the alpine zone, at altitudes between 2,600 and 2,800 m. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Endemic. Described from mountain pass between Maili-Su and Kara-Kul. Type in Leningrad. 513 674 122. S.nevskii Schischk. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ser. 1, II (1936) 4 Cie nlere) Mae iia oh Perennial; densely pulvinate, glandular-puberulent throughout; taproot stout, giving rise to short leafy sterile shoots and simple flowering stems 5—15 ecm long; leaves narrowly linear, 0.7—2 cm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, acute, 1-veined, commonly recurved, the upper smaller; flowers solitary or paired on the stem; bracts herbaceous, lanceolate, ca. 3mm long, acute; calyx cylindric, 25—28 mm long and ca. 3mm broad, glandular -puberulent, purple-nerved; teeth obtuse, with broadly scarious ciliate margin; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes; capsule (immature) ovoid, 8-10 mm long; carpophore glabrous, ca.18mm long. July. About the upper limit of savin woods.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kugitang Range, near Markushi village). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. 123. S. alpicola Schischk. in Berichte der Tomsk. Staatlich Universitat B. 77, Lief. 3 (1927) 291; Grossg., Fl. Kavk., 412. Perennial; rootstock rather long, slender, giving rise to flowering stems and short leafy shoots; stems ascending, 6—10cm long, covered with short retrorse hairs; leaves spatulate, the lower with petiole exceeding the blade, long-ciliate, the upper sessile, glabrous, with ciliolate margin; flowers 1—3 on the stem, borne on short glandular-pubescent pedicels; calyx cylindric-clavate, covered with short simple as well as glandular hairs, 18—20 mm long, the teeth obtuse; petals lurid; limb 6 mm long, lobed to one-third; coronal scales obtusish, to 1mm long; claw glabrous, enlarged at summit; carpophore glabrous, 10mm long. August. Alpine slopes.— Caucasus: W.part of Main Range, near Kuban Region — mountains Bambak, Lokhmatyi Shikhan and Abago Range. Endemic. Described from Bambak Mountain. Type in Leningrad. Section 12, VIRIDIFLORAE Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 574, 633.— Nutantes Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 76.— Flowers perfect, in an often 1-sided panicle, nodding; calyx pubescent, with acutish teeth; claw scarcely enlarged at summit. Perennials. 124. S.viridiflora L. Sp. pl. ed. II (1762) 597; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 319; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 634; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 214; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 169; Shmal"et; Pl 40 .A-"Si cat hol lcaliLdbs, kicy, non Otthe> ea Rehbiies fly Germ? Virtin293, tiga WO4% Perennial; stems erect, 50-120 cm long, with often secund branches, villous-pubescent in lower part, glandular above; leaves oblong-elliptic, * ovate, or spatulate, the lower 2—8 cm long and 1—3cm broad, rather long- pediceled, the upper smaller, sessile; flowers solitary or in 3's at tips of stems and branches; bracts herbaceous, 3—5 mm long; calyx cylindric, 13—17mm long and 3—4 mm broad, glandular-pubescent, very slightly inflated, with lanceolate teeth; petals greenish, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle; coronal scales none; claw 514 675 glabrous, not enlarged at summit; capsule ca. 12mm long, subsessile; seeds reniform, tuberculate, concave on the back. June. Forest glades.— European part: Crim. Gen.distr.: Atl. Eur., W. Med., Balkan Peninsula. Described from Portugal. Type in London. 125. S.nutans L. Sp. pl. (1753) 413; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 318; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur.I, 208; Rohrb. Monogr. 216; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 133; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 171; Nnryly Ply Zap. sib..V;10T0.—'S. nartamta - formis Simk. Magy. orvos és term. munk. XXIV (1907) 247.— Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, t.295.— Exs.: HFR no. 859. Perennial; stems solitary or several, erect, 30—70 cm long, pubescent, commonly glandular at summit, with sterile leafy shoots at base; radical leaves Spatulate, with petiole equaling or exceeding the blade and together with it 5—15 cm long, 0.7—1.5 cm broad, acute, covered on both surfaces with short hairs; cauline leaves 2—4 pairs, lanceolate, long-acuminate, puberulent, sometimes with axillary fascicles; flowers nodding, in a loose oblong 1-sided panicle; pedicels shorter than to slightly longer than calyx; calyx tubular, 8-12 mm long and 3—3.5mm broad, glandular -pubescent or rarely glabrous as the whole plant (f.glabra Kryl.); teeth acute, scarious-margined; petals whitish, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; limb parted to two-thirds into linear lobes; coronal scales linear to almost subulate, 2—3 mm long; claw glabrous, scarcely enlarged at summit; capsule ovoid, 8—10 mm long, four times as long as the puberulent carpophore. June— August. Open woods.— European part: Lad.-Ilm., Dv.-Pech., U. Dnp., V.-Kama, M. Dnp., V.-Don, Bl., L. Don, Transv., Crim. (very rarely); Caucasus: Cisc., (Stavropol); W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang.:Say. Gen. distr.: N. and Centr. Eur., N. Bal. Described from N. Europe. Type in London. Section 13. ITALICAE Rohrb. Monogr. (1868) 77, 218.— Calyx tubular, pubescent; coronal scales none. Perennials with large spatulate or elliptic leaves. 126. S.italica (L.) Pers. Synops. I (1805) 498; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 323. Boiss. Fl. Or. 1,631; Rohrb. Monogr. Sil. 218; Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1868) 191; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 174; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 140. — Cucubalus italicus L.Syst.ed. X (1749) 1030.— Silene nemoralis Ldb., 1. c., 324; Alb. Prodr. Fl. Colch., non Waldst. et Kit. — Ic.: Rchb. Pl. Crit amily. 292% Perennial; stem with sterile branchlets at base, 25—80 cm long, pubescent in lower part, viscid and branched above; radical leaves elliptic, 2—6 cm long and 0.5—2 cm broad, with petiole equaling the blade; cauline leaves smaller, spatulate, short-pediceled or sessile, covered on both surfaces with soft hairs, the margin ciliate; upper leaves linear-lanceolate; flowers at tips of stems and branches in 3-flowered dichasia, short-pediceled; calyx cylindric, 18—20 mm long, puberulent or glabrous (var.lejocalycina Rupr.); petals white, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; limb cleft to below the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales none; capsule 515 676 677 ca.10mm long; carpophore hairy, as long as capsule; seeds reniform, 1 mm long, finely tuberculate. May— July. Stony and meadow slopes, coppices, open woods, and mountain pine groves. — European part: Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E.,S., and W. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: W.and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran., N. Afr. Described from Italy. Type in London. Section 14. HOLOPETALAE Schischk.— Petals entire; coronal scales none; calyx glabrous; inflorescence loose, racemose or paniculate. Series 1. Sibiricae Schischk.— Plants with short densely leafy axillary branchlets; inflorescence a racemiform panicle. 127. S. sibirica (L.) Pers. Syn. I (1805) 497; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 310; Rohrb. Monogr. 202; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,142; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) Lots i Krys FlyZap.sib.V;1065.—= Cucwhaluis isi binieims Eisystjedspe 2 (1769) 1031.— Exs.: HFR no. 2983. Perennial; stems erect, 35—80 cm long, more or less branched, scabrous-puberulent; leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, 2—6 cm long and 2—6 mm broad, acute, puberulent or glabrate, with densely leafy axillary branchlets, these short or up to 15cm long; flowers short-pediceled, clustered in the axils of upper leaves and forming a racemiform inflorescence; bracts lanceolate, with scarious ciliate margin; calyx clavate, 5—8 mm long and 1.5mm broad, somewhat accrescent in fruit, glabrous, more rarely scabrous, with ovate acutish teeth; petals yellowish-green, spatulate-oblong, entire or retuse; capsule ovoid, 6—8 mm long; carpophore glabrous, 2—3 mm long; seeds 1 mm long, finely striate, grooved on the back. June—August. (Plate XL, Figure 1). Steppe meadows, steppes, and calcareous slopes. — European part: V.-Kama, V.-Don, Transv., L. Don, L. V.; W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Endemic. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 128. S. gebleriana Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. I (1841) 91; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 311; Rohrb. Monogr. 203; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 157; Kryl. jbl. Zap. sibyveloGe. Perennial, scabrous-puberulent throughout; stems erect, 50—80cm long, profusely branched, densely leafy, with relatively narrow-leaved short sterile or sometimes elongated flowering axillary shoots; leaves lanceolate | to lance-linear, 3.5—8 (12) cm long and 3—10 mm broad, acuminate or acute, | narrowing toward base; flowers in a racemiform panicle; pedicels one-sixth to half as long as or almost equaling calyx; bracts ovate-lanceolate, with broadly scarious ciliate margin; calyx clavate-cylindric, 9-15 mm long | and 2—2.5mm broad, puberulent; teeth obtuse or obtusish, scarious-margined; petals whitish-green, rarely dark purple (var. purpurea Schischk.), one and a half times as long as calyx, oblong-obovate, entire, gradually narrowing to a glabrous exserted claw; capsule oblong-ovoid, 7—8 mm long; carpophore pubescent, 5mm long; seeds reniform, ca. 1 mm long, grooved | on the back. June—July. (Plate XL, Figure 2). | 516 678 Solonetzes and solonetz meadows. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., T.Sh., Kara K., Kyz.K. Gen.distr.: Kuldzhin district. Described from Urdzhar. Type in Leningrad. 129. S.holopetala Bge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 142; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 311; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 201; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 157. — ten od. ie. pl. FL. Ress. Il) t..163; Perennial, woody at base; stems numerous, erect, 30—80 cm long, simple or branched; leaves lance-linear to linear, 1—3cm long and 1.5—3 mm broad, acute, narrowing toward base, with leafy sterile axillary branchlets; flowers dimorphous, perfect and female, in few-flowered whorls forming a racemiform inflorescence, pedicels 2—6 (10)mm long; bracts small, broad- ovate, with scarious ciliate margin; calyx cylindric or clavate, 6—9mm long and 2—2.5mm broad, hirtellus or subglabrous; teeth obtuse, 1—1.5 mm long; petals with whitish inner and roseate outer face, oblong-elliptic, entire; capsule ovoid, 6-8 mm long; carpophore glabrous, ca.2mm long; seeds reniform, finely tuberculate. June— July. Stony and desert slopes, and solonetz steppes. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. Endemic. Described from Dzhungaria. Type in Leningrad. 130. S. scabrifolia Kom. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. Botan. XXVI (1896) 129, Perennial; taproot stout; stems several, erect or at the very base ascending, 60—90 cm long, simple or branched, scabrous -puberulent in lower part, glabrous and viscid above; lower leaves marcescent; median cauline leaves ovate, 5—8 cm long and 1—3 cm broad, scabrous-pubescent, ciliolate, acute, narrowing toward base or very briefly petiolate, with short sterile axillary shoots, these with smaller leaves; flowers in a slender racemiform panicle; pedicels glabrous, 5-10 mm long; bracts lance- subulate, 3—5 mm long, herbaceous, with scarious ciliate margin; calyx cylindric-clavate, 8—9mm long, glabrous; teeth short, triangular, acutish; petals one and a half times to twice as long as calyx, whitish-carneous when dry; limb scarcely emarginate, narrowly obovate; capsule broad -ovoid, rupturing the calyx, 8mm long and 5mm broad; carpophore puberulent, 2—3mm long. June— August. Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Zeravshan (Kshtut and Iovon). Type in Leningrad. 131. S. komarovii Schischk. nom. nov.— S.viscidula Kom. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. XXVI (1896) 129, non Franch. (1886). Perennial; stems several, 50—70 cm long, erect, scabrous-pubescent in lower part, glabrous and viscid above; radical leaves spatulate or lanceolate, 6—8 cm long and 0.5—1 cm broad, with rough-ciliolate margin, acute or acuminate, tapering to fairly long petiole; cauline leaves lanceolate to lance-linear, with short sterile axillary branchlets; flowers in a slender racemiform panicle; pedicels glabrous, 5-10 mm long; bracts lanceolate, acute, Scarious; calyx cylindric-clavate, 8—12 mm long and 2—3 mm broad, glabrous; teeth triangular, acute, scarious-margined; petals lurid, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb very slightly notched; claw and stamens glabrous; capsule ovoid, 6-9mm long; carpophore glabrous or scarcely pubescent, 2—3mm long; seeds reniform, 1.25 mm long. June — August. S17, Stony slopes, savin and maple thickets, and among dog-rose shrubs. — Centr. Asia: Syr D., Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from Zeravshan (Iovon village). Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Pseudotenues Schischk. — Axillary sterile shoots or fascicles none; flowers in a racemose-paniculate inflorescence. 132. S. pseudotenuis Schischk. in Not. Syst. ex Herb. Horti Bot. Petrop. VI, 3 (1926) 6.—S.trajectorum var.schischkini et var. pseudotenuis M. Pop. in Sched. ad H. F. A. M.in Acta Univers. As. Med. ser. VIII b, Fasc. 3 (1928) 99.— Exs.: H. F. A. M.no. 472. Perennial; rootstock stout; stems several, erect, simple or slightly branched, sometimes woody at base (var.Schischkini M. Pop.), 15—50 cm long, covered in lower part with short retrorse hairs, very rarely glabrate, viscid in upper part; radical leaves numerous, spatulate- lanceolate to lanceolate, 2—8 cm long and 0.4—1 cm broad, acute to subobtuse, tapering to a fairly long petiole; cauline leaves 1—4 pairs, shorter, linear - lanceolate, ciliate; flowers in an elongate racemiform inflorescence; pedicels 5-13 mm long; calyx broadly campanulate, 5—7 mm long, glabrous, sometimes purple-tinged; teeth short, obtuse, scarious, ciliate; petals lurid or carneous, rounded at apex or retuse, one and a half times as long as calyx; claw enlarged at summit, glabrous or sparingly ciliate at base; filaments glabrous; capsule ovoid, 5-6 mm long; carpophore puberulent, 2—3mm long. June— July. (Plate XL, Figure 4). Stony mountain slopes and mountain steppes. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Tien Shan. Type in Tomsk; cotype in Leningrad. 679 133. S.trajectorum Kom. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. Botan. XXVI (1896) 128. Perennial; taproot stout, with numerous short sterile shoots terminating in tufts of leaves; flowering stems erect, glabrous, 15—25 cm long; radical leaves linear, 4—6 cm long and 1—3 mm broad, acuminate, narrowing toward base, ciliate; cauline leaves 2—4 pairs, similar but smaller; inflorescencea racemiform panicle; bracts scarious, broadly lanceolate, subulate-pointed; pedicels filiform,5—20 mm long; calyx campanulate,6—9 mm long and ca.3—5 mm broad, glabrous, with triangular obtuse teeth; petals whitish; limb linear -oblong, entire or scarcely notched; claw glabrous; capsule oblong-ovaloid, three times as long as the minutely puberulent carpophore. July— August. (Plate XL, Figure 5). Stony slopes in the alpine zone and moraines, at altitudes between 2,500 and 2,900 m. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Zeravshan (Kalla-Khan, Gudun Pass). Type in Leningrad. 134. S. bobrovii Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 677. Perennial; taproot stout, multicipital; stems numerous, ascending at base, 15—25 cm long, glabrous, commonly viscid; radical leaves lanceolate, 2-3 cm long and 3—5 mm broad, gradually tapering to petiole about the length of blade; cauline leaves sessile, glabrous, the margin obsoletely ciliolate; flowers 3—5, remote, forming a loose raceme; pedicels 2—20 mm long, often deflexed; calyx narrowly campanulate, 8mm long and 2—3 mm broad, glabrous; teeth short, triangular, acutish; petals buff (when dry), oblong, 518 680 entire, rounded at apex, about twice as long as calyx; claw and filaments glabrous; capsule ovoid, 8mm long; carpophore glabrous, 4mm long; seeds triangular -reniform, grooved on the back, almost smooth. August. Dry silty slopes at an altitude of about 2,600 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Kugitang). Endemic. Described from the environs of Kugitang. Type in Leningrad. * 135. S. kungessana B. Fedtsch. in Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. XIV (1908) 2; Consp. Fl. Turkest. II (1909) 122. Perennial, markedly glabrous throughout; stems several,erect, 80—100cm long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 5—7 mm long (excluding petiole) and 1.5—3 cm broad, acuminate, thin, abruptly narrowing to petiole 2—5 cm long; inflorescence a Slender panicle or raceme; bracts very small, lanceolate; pedicels 6—10 mm long; calyx cylindric, 6-8 mm long and 2—3 mm broad, glabrous, with triangular acute teeth; petals white, slightly notched; capsule ovoid, 7mm long; carpophore 1—2 mm long; seeds triangular -reniform, punctate. Not found in the USSR. Occurring in adjacent parts of China (Sinkiang Province: Kunges). Endemic. Described from Kunges. Type in Leningrad. 136. S. schugnanica B. Fedtsch. in Trav. Musée bot. Ac. Sc. St. Pétersb. I (1902) 119. Perennial, strongly woody at base; stems 40—90 cm long, simple or branched, glabrous, viscid, clothed at base with remnants of dead leaves; leaves crowded on the lower part of the stem, spatulate, 3-4 cm long and 5—10 mm broad, thickish, obtuse, long-petioled; median cauline leaves ovate, 2.5—7 cm long and 1.5—3cm broad, acuminate or obtuse and mucronulate, short-petioled or sessile, glabrous, the margin closely beset with small cartilaginous teeth; inflorescence a narrow panicle; pedicels glabrous, 8—18mm long; bracts lanceolate, herbaceous, the narrow scarious margin ciliate; calyx cylindric-clavate, 7-12 mm long; teeth very small, triangular, acutish; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb broadly linear; coronal scales none; capsule broad-ovoid, to 9mm long; carpophore glabrous, 2—3 mm long; seeds reniform, ca. 1 mm long, finely puncticulate. June— August. Stony mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Shugnan (Rivak-Vankasha). Type in Leningrad. 137. S. obovata Schischk. in Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS Ser. 1, II, (1936) 141.—S.praemixta var.rupestris M. Pop. in Sched ad Herb. Ac. URSS. Perennial; taproot stout; plant glabrous throughout; stems numerous, 50—65 cm long, slightly branched in inflorescence, the woody base densely clothed with remnants of dead petioles; lower cauline leaves ovate or obovate, the blade ca.3cm long and 1—1.3cm broad, acute or short- acuminate, gradually tapering to petiole 3—6cm long; inflorescence a long loose racemiform panicle; flowers ascending or nodding; pedicels 2—6 mm long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, broadly scarious-margined, ciliate; calyx cylindric-clavate, 8-10 mm long, glabrous; teeth short, triangular, acutish; petals yellowish-green, one and a half times as long as 519 681 682 calyx; limb oblong-cuneate, entire; claw and filaments glabrous; capsule broad-ovoid, 8mm long and ca. 5mm broad, rupturing the calyx; carpophore glabrous, 2—3.5 mm long. August. Rocks. — Centr. Asia: W. T. Sh. (Verkhnaya Saya Ispai). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. Section 15. CAPITELLATAE Schischk.— Flowers in a capitate inflorescence enveloped by large ovate bracts; petals white, entire; coronal scales none; capsule subsessile. 138. S. capitellata Boiss. Diagn. ser. I, 1 (1842) 25; Fl. Or. I, 608 Rohrb. Monogr.199; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 154; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 405. Perennial, densely puberulent in lower part, glabrous and viscid above; stems erect, Simple, 10—40cm long; leaves lance-linear, the lower puberulent, long-petioled, to 5cm long including petiole, ca.5 mm broad, the upper linear, sessile; flowers on very short pedicels; inflorescence a dense broad-ovoid spherical terminal head, 9-15 mm long and ca. 9mm broad, subtended by a pair of rather large ovate bracts, these sparsely covered with short hairs, scarious-margined; bracteoles almost wholly scarious, glabrous, ca.6 mm long; calyx campanulate, pale green, sometimes violet-tinged at summit, with 10 green nerves; teeth rounded, broadly scarious-margined; petals white, entire, one and a half times as long as calyx; coronal scales none; claw ciliate; filaments glabrous or ciliate. June— July. Steppe slopes. — Not found in the USSR, but occurring in adjacent parts of Turkey (Sarykamysh and near Promezhutochnoe in the Kars Region). Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Armenia. Type in Geneva. Section 16. RIGIDULAE Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 561, 601.— Calyx cylindric, glabrous, with subulate teeth; pedicels long, filiform; seeds wingless. Annuals. 139. S. chaetodonta Boiss. Diagn. I, 1 (1842) 39; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 606; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 162.— S.modesta Boiss. et Bal. in Boiss. Diagn. II 6 (1859) 33; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 122.— S.debilis Stapf. in Denkschr. Acad. Wien. (1886) 282. Annual; stems 20—40cm long, simple or branched, hirsute in lower part, glabrous and viscid above; leaves linear, 3—4cm long and 1—3 mm broad, scabrous -puberulent, ciliate, with axillary fascicles; flowers at tips of stems and branches; pedicels erect, 1—3.5cm long; bracts similar but smaller; calyx cylindric-clavate, 12—15 mm long, glabrous, with 10 very prominent nerves, whitish-scarious between the nerves; teeth 5—6 mm long, subulate, ciliate; petals pink, scarcely longer than calyx; limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales lanceolate, 0.5mm long, acute; claw glabrous; capsule ovoid, 7—8 mm long, two-fifths to half as long as the puberulent carpophore; seeds reniform, 1 mm long, grooved on the back, finely striate. May—June. (Plate XLI, Figure 4). 520 (683) Y CWS > Aon, PLATE XLI. 1. Silene cyri Schischk.: staminate inflorescence; fruiting inflorescence, staminate flower.— 2. S,nana Kar, et Kir.: fruit, seed. — 3, S. arenosa C. Koch. —4. S. chaetodonta Boiss.: fit. 521 685 Gravelly mountain slopes and riverside pebbles. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Vannovskoe, Chuli, Firyuza, Nevtonovka, Pul-i-Khatum). Gen. distr.: Iran, Mesopotamia, Syria. Described from S.Iran. Type in Geneva. 140. S.arenosa C. Koch in Linnaea XV (1841) 711; Ldb. Fl. Ross., 778; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 161; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 122. — S. leyseroides Boiss. Diagn. 1,1 (1842) 41; Fl.@r. 1,603.—S.salsa Boiss. Diagn. I, 8 (1849) 77.— S.kowalenskyi Stschegl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. (1853) 322. —de.: Stscheg!. lc. (1853)i tv Biennial, smooth, more or less viscid, glaucous, branched from base, 10—25 cm high; leaves narrowly linear, 2—4 cm long and 0.5—2(4)mm broad, acute; flowers solitary at tips of stem and branches; pedicels thrice to four times as long as calyx; bracts herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, acute, with scarious ciliate margin; calyx tubular, smooth, 10mm long and ca. 2mm broad; teeth subulate, acute, with white membranous ciliate margin; petals white, more rarely roseate, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-third; coronal scales very small; claw glabrous; capsule ovoid, 7mm long and 3mm broad; carpophore glabrous, 3—4mm long; seeds very small, 0.5—0.75 mm long, deeply grooved on the back, the faces bluntly tuberculate. May. (Plate XLI, Figure 3). Sands. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Mesopotamia, Iran., nd.-Him. (Peshawar). Described from the Araks River valley (Transcaucasia). Type in Berlin. Section 17. SAPONARIOIDEAE Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 568, 581. — Calyx inflated in fruit, glabrous, with triangular acutish teeth, seeds winged. Annuals. 141. S.nana Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XV (1842) 169; Ldb. FI. Ross.1,777; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene L., 157; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 117. Annual; stem simple or branched from base, glabrous, 3—15 cm long; branches patulous-ascending to almost horizontally spreading; leaves lance- linear to lanceolate, 2—3.5cm long and 2—6 mm broad, acute to subobtuse, narrowing toward base, sessile, the margin beset with long soft crisp hairs; flowers 3—10 on the stem, rarely solitary; axillary or terminal, subpatulous at anthesis, deflexed or recurved in fruit; pedicels twice to thrice as long as calyx; bracts herbaceous, resembling foliar leaves but smaller; calyx ovoid, 10—11 mm long and ca. 5 mm broad, glabrous; teeth triangular, acutish, narrowly membranous-margined, cililate; petals white, scarcely exceeding calyx; limb entire; coronal scales ovate, 1mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, 1—2 mm long, the length of the glabrous carpophore; seeds large, 2mm in diameter, rounded-reniform, wing-margined, finely striate. April-May. (Plate XLI, Figure 2). Hummocky sands and sandy plains. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K. Gen. distr.: Iran., Beluchistan. Described from Sassyk- Pastau (Kazakstan). Type in Moscow; cotype in Leningrad. 522 686 Subgenus 3, OTITES (Adans.) Schischk. — Gen. Otites Adans. Fam. II (1763) 255.— Sect. Otites Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 369.— Otiteae Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 571; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 75, 199. — Flowers small; plants mostly dioecious* or monoecious-polygamous; calyx campanulate, 10-nerved; fruiting calyx tightly enclosing the capsule; petals entire or very slightly retuse; carpophore very short; inflorescence verticillate-paniculate. Biennial plants. Series 1. Wolgenses Schischk. — Pedicels and calyx glabrous; capsule 4—6 mm long. 142. S. wolgensis (Willd.) Bess. ex Spreng. Ind. sem. Hort. Halens. (1818) PaOuhwan DC. Prodr.1 (1824) 370; Boiss. Fl, Or.1, 607; Shishk,in)F1. Yugo-Vost. IV, 290; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1063; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 405. — Cucubalus wolgensis Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. (1813) 24, nom.nud.— Viscago wolgensis Hornem. Hort. Hafn. (1813) 48. — S@trve’s varjo Ldb rl Ross. 1,309, ex parte: —'S.otites ywolpensi’s Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 201.—S.otites subsp.8 wolgensis Schmalh., Fl.1I (1895) 343.— Exs.: H. F. A. M.no.123. Biennial; stem in lower part pubescent, as are the leaves, glabrous and sometimes viscid above, branched in inflorescence, the opposite branches subpatulous; radical and lower cauline leaves spatulate, petiolate, 8cm long including petiole, 10mm broad; other cauline leaves lance-linear, leaves of axillary fascicles linear; inflorescence a loose panicle composed of rather loose clusters; pedicels filiform, glabrous, usually twice to thrice as long as calyx, rarely shorter; calyx campanulate, 2—3.5 mm long, glabrous, with obtuse teeth; petals whitish, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx, spatulate-linear, entire; filaments glabrous; capsule sessile, broad-ovoid, 4—6 mm long; seeds reniform, sharply tuberculate, 0.9mm long. June—August. Meadows, steppes, turfy slopes, open woods, and sandy places. — HuEOpeam pant: OU. Onp., My Pnps, Ul V.)V. Kama, Ls, Doni. V., fransy., Binge rim, (2). Caucasus: Cise.; We Siberta:U. Tob. (rt) Alte E./Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.: Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur. (introduced) Dzu.-Kash., Bal. Described from the Volga. Type in Berlin. 143. §.densiflora D'Urv.in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris I (1822) 303; Boiss. Hl.Or. 1, 607, ex parte; Zapal. Consp. Fl. Galic, critic. 11] (1911) 187. — S.chersonensis Kleop.in Bull. Jard. bot. Kieff IX (1929) 9, ex parte. — 8.otites § densiflora Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 369; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 201. Biennial; stem to 1m long, covered in lower half with somewhat crisp soft hairs, sometimes viscid above, branched in inflorescence: basal leaves numerous, approximate, spatulate, long-petioled, 8 cm long including petiole, 1—1.5cm broad; lower cauline leaves lance-oblong-acute, gradually tapering to a short broad petiole; median leaves 4cm long and 1—1.5cm broad, both surfaces covered with patulous slightly crisped hairs; leaves of axillary fascicles smaller, narrow; flowers in clusters of 20—60 on the stem and on the ascending inflorescence branches; pedicels filiform, * Staminate plants often differ markedly from the pistillate in their vegetative parts; identification of incomplete plants is therefore difficult and liable to be wrong. The sexual dimorphism of this subgenus has not yet been sufficiently investigated. 323 687 equaling or one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; bracts crowded at the base of pedicels, broad-ovate, acute, membranous, with long-ciliate margin; calyx 3—3.5mm long and 1—1.2 mm broad, glabrous; teeth 5, obtusish, membranous-margined; fruiting calyx tightly enclosing the capsule; petals whitish, 6mm long, narrowly spatulate, entire; coronal scales none; capsule sessile or borne on a very short carpophore, ovoid, 5—6.5mm long and 3—4mm broad; seeds small, reniform, to 1 mm long, striate, deeply concave on the back. May—June. Stoney slopes, and sandy or stony steppes. — European part: Bl., L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: W. Transc. (Novorossisk). Gen. distr.: N. Bl., As. Min. (Trapezund). Described from the environs of Kerch (Crimea). Type in Paris. 144. S. pseudotites Bess. ex Rchb. Fl. Germ. exc. (1832) 819.— S.otites y macrophylla Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 369.—S.otites var. pseudo-otites Borb. Budapest és Kornyék noven (1879) 148. — Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, t. 290, f. 5058. — Exs.: Fl. exs. Reipubl. Bog.-Slov. no. 21. Biennial; stem 40—60 cm long, branched in inflorescence, minutely puberulent in lower part, glabrous above; branches ascending; radical leaves spatulate, long-petioled, 4—6 cm long and 5—12 mm broad, obtuse or mucronulate, finely velvety-pubescent and with long patulous hairs; cauline leaves similar but often narrower, spatulate-linear, short-petioled; leaves of axillary fascicles small; flowers in 3—6-flowered clusters forming a narrowly pyramidal panicle with ascending branches; pedicels slender, glabrous, 4—10mm long; calyx campanulate, 2.5—3.5 mm long, glabrous; petals yellowish-green, one and a half times as long as calyx; capsule ovoid, 4mm long. June—August. Steppe meadows and meadow slopes. — European part: M. Dnp. (W.). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from Germany (Wassowitz). Type in Berlin. 145. §. baschkirorum Janisch. in Berichte Saratow. Naturforschges. III, 1 (92:9) 73 3. ices anisichie wise, alot ata dy 2e5 3. cballon sl te Gane sey Biennial; stem 10—60 cm long, often branched from base, crisp-puberulent in lower part, glabrous above; radical and lower cauline leaves puberulent, spatulate, petiolate, 2—4 cm long including petiole, 2—4 mm broad; median and upper cauline leaves linear-spatulate, smaller and narrower, sometimes with axillary fascicles; inflorescence a lax panicle or sometimes a raceme; calyx campanulate, 3—4mm long and 1—1.5 mm broad, glabrous; teeth obtuse, narrowly scarious-margined; petals with white inner and greenish outer surface, one and a half times as long as calyx, spatulate, entire, with glabrous claw; filaments glabrous; capsule ellipsoid, 5—7 mm long and 3.5—4 mm broad; carpophore glabrous, ca. 1mm long; seeds reniform, tuberculate, 0.9mm long. June. Stony, often calcareous slopes, and marl bluffs. — European part: V.- Don, L. Don, Transv. Endemic. Described from Buzuluk. Type in Saratov. 146. S. polaris Kleop. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 678. Biennial; stems several, rarely solitary, 25—50 cm long, scabrous- pubescent at base, glabrous elsewhere, simple or branched from base; 524 radical leaves ovate, short-petioled, 3—5 cm long including petiole, 8-12 mm broad, glabrous or minutely scabrous-puberulent; cauline leaves linear- oblong, to 4cm long and 1.5—6 mm broad, commonly glabrous, with axillary fascicles; flowers in loose few-flowered clusters forming a racemose- paniculate inflorescence; pedicels filiform, 3—10mm long, glabrous; calyx campanulate, 3—3.5 mm long, with obtuse teeth; petals linear-cuneate, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; stamens exserted; capsule ovoid, 4—5 mm long and 2.5mm broad; carpophore 1—2 mm long; seeds reniform, 1mm long, minutely and bluntly tuberculate on the back. June— August. Waterside sands and pebbles, calcareous rocks, and argillaceous calcareous taluses. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib.: European part: Lad.-Ilm. (Khibin ?); Dv.-pech., N. Ural; W. Siberia: Ob, Yen., Ang.-Say. Endemic. Described from the Mezen and Pinega rivers. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Macrocarpae Schischk. — Capsule 6—9 mm long. 147. S.hellmanni Claus in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. VIII (1851) 289; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 183; Shishkin in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 290.—S.ottites var.hellmanni Trautv.in A.H.P.II, 2 (1873) 508.— S.otites subsp. 6 hellmanni Schmalh., Fl.I (1895) 143. Biennial; stem erect, ascending at base, unbranched, 20—40cm long, densely puberulent as are the leaves, the upper internodes viscid; radical and lower cauline leaves obovate-spatulate, 2—7.5 cm long and 3—15 mm broad, short-acuminate, long-petioled; upper leaves narrower, sublinear; flowers in few-flowered cymes forming a slender racemiform panicle; pedicels densely puberulent, 5—7 mm long; calyx campanulate, 3.5—5 mm long, densely pubescent, with obtuse teeth; petals lurid, 5—7(8) mm long, sessile; seeds reniform, 0.6mm long. May—June. Chalk and granite outcrops. — European part: L. Don, Transv., L. V., Bl. Endemic. Described from Belaya Glinka. (L. Don). Type in Leningrad. 148. S. cyri Schischk. in A. Grossh., D. Sosnow. et B.Schischk. FI. Tphilis. 1 (1925) 202 et in Berichte d. Tomsk. Staatl. Univers. 77, 3 (1927) 290.—S.turcomanica Kleop.in Sched. ad. Herb. Inst. bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. — Exs.: HFR no. 2855; Herb. Fl. cauc. no. 515. Biennial; stem erect or at base ascending, 30—70 cm long, puberulent in lower half nearly to the inflorescence, as are the leaves, in inflorescence glabrous, simple or slightly branched; lower leaves spatulate-linear to spatulate, 5-10 cm long and 5—15 mm broad, acute to subobtuse, petiolate; cauline leaves similar but smaller, 4—6 cm long and 3—10mm broad; bracts scarious, with ciliate margin; plants dioecious; flowers in 6—30-flowered clusters forming a racemose inflorescence; pedicels glabrous, 7-12 mm long; calyx campanulate, 3.5—4 mm long, glabrous or very slightly scaberulous, with obtuse scarious-margined teeth; petals greenish-yellow, Sspatulate, 5—6 mm long, entire; coronal scales none; claw pubescent; filaments hairy; capsule ovoid, 7—9mm long and 4mm broad, sessile; seeds reniform, ca.1 mm long. May—June.(Plate XLI, Figure 1). Stony slopes and dry steppes. — European part: L. V. (Astrakhan); Caucasus: Dag., E. Cisc., E. and 8. Transc., Tal.: Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Tbilisi. Type in Tbilisi; cotype in Leningrad. 89 525 Series 3. Parviflorae Schischk. — Capsule 2—3 mm long. 149. S. parviflora (Ehrh.) Pers. Syn. I (1805) 497; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 607; Shishk. in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 289; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1062. — Cucubalus parviflorus Ehrh. Beitr. VII (1792) 143,non Lam.—S.otites B Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 310.— S.otites B parviflora Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 200.— S.otites subsp. y parviflora Schmalh., Fl.1 (1895) 143.. —Melr Rehb: ler EioGermivilitab:. 2:90; Biennial, scabrous-puberulent throughout; stem simple or sometimes branched in inflorescence, 30—50 cm long; radical leaves linear-spatulate, 2.5—7 cm long and 2—7(10) mm broad; cauline leaves narrower; leaves of axillary fascicles shorter; flowers in a rather loose slender racemiform panicle; pedicels puberulent, equaling to twice as long as calyx; calyx scabrous-pubescent, 2—2.5 mm long, with acute teeth; petals whitish, slightly exceeding or one and a half times to twice as long as calyx, entire; coronal scales none; claw enlarged at summit, ciliate; filaments pubescent; capsule sessile, subglobose, ca. 3 mm in diameter; seeds reniform, ca. 1mm long, smooth. June—September. Gravelly slopes, pine woods and their margins, and sandy meadows. — European part: Lad.-Ilm. (Leningrad), U. Dnp., U.V.,V.- Kama, Transv. Bl., L. Don, L.V., Crim. (Kerch Peninsula); Caucasus: Cisc., W.Siberia: U. Tob., Irt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Gen. distr.: N. Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. (Chernyi Irtysh). Described from Hungary (? ). 150. S. media (Litw.) Kleop.in Bull. Jard. bot. Kieff (1929) 64.— S. parvi- flora var.media Litw. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Ross. IV (1902) 3. — S.parviflora var.glabriuscula M. Pop.in Trav. Univers. As. Med. IX, Suppl. (1925) 39 in adnot.ad S.volgensem (Willd.) Bess. — Exs.: HFR no. 910. Biennial; stems several, 20—45 cm long, simple or branched, glabrous, in lower part minutely scaberulous and faintly violet-tinged; leaves linear- oblong to lanceolate, tapering to a fairly long petiole and together with it 2—4.5cm long, 1—4 mm broad, acute, glabrous, ciliolate at base of petiole, commonly with axillary fascicles; flowers in rather loose clusters forming a racemiform or narrowly pyramidal panicle; pedicels glabrous, 3—5 mm long; calyx campanulate, 2—2.5 mm long, glabrous, with short obtuse teeth; petals whitish, about as long as calyx, glabrous; filaments glabrous; capsule globose, sessile, 2—3 mm in diameter; seeds reniform, smooth, ca. 1mm long. May—June. Sands. — European part: Bl., L. Don, L. V.; W. Siberia: Irt.(?); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Endemic. Described from the environs of Dnepropetrovsk. Type in Leningrad. 690 Subgenus 4. CONOSILENE (Rohrb.) Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 25.— Sect. Coniomorpha Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 371. — Coniomorphae Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 568.— Conosilene Rohrb. Monogr.d.Gattung Silene (1868) 89.— Calyx nerves 20—30, not anastomosing; fruiting calyx more inflated in lower part, constricted at summit. Annuals. 151. S.conica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 418; Ldb. Fl. Ross.I, 314; Boiss. Fl. Or, I, 578; shmaltol hl 1. 136..— le: Rehb. ie! Bl Gerninviinais: Hegi Illustr. Fl. Mit. Eur. III, p.218.— Exs.: HFR no. 2975. 526 Annual; taproot long and slender; stems solitary to several, 6—25(40) cm long, with remnants of dead leaves at base, simple or slightly branched. covered as are the leaves, with short soft hairs; leaves lance-linear, 2—4 cm long and 2—7 mm broad, acute to subobtuse, 3—5-veined; flowers solitary or several, on pedicels 2—26 mm long; bracts abruptly attenuate from ovate base, herbaceous, 3—5-nerved, ciliate; calyx tubular-conic, 10—15 mm long, 30-nerved, hispidulous, very slightly inflated at base, constricted at summit, with long lance-subulate teeth; petals pink, reddish, or white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-fifth; coronal scales ovate, to 1.5mm long; claw auriculate at summit; filaments hairy at base; capsule sessile, tapering at the top, pyriform, 9mm long and 5mm broad; seeds reniform, bluntly tuberculate, 0.8mm long. April—June. (Plate XXXV, Figure 1). Dry slopes, fields, and roadsides. — European part: Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. and S. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Syr D., Amu D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Centr.and Atl. Eur., W and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Spain and France. Type in London. Economic importance. A weed of field crops in the southern part of the USSR. 152. S. conoidea L. Sp. pl. (1753) 418; Ldb. Fl. Ross.1I, 314; Boiss. FI. Or. I, 580; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene 92; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 52.— Cucubalus conoideus Lam. Fl. Franc. III (1778) 27. — Silene cylindriflora Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 371.—S.dioica Fisch. et Mey. Ind. Sem. Horti Petrop.7 (1830) 60. — Ic.: Rehb.Ic. Fl. Germ. Vi, te2nayt: 5062 (subsSi contre a): Annual; stem 25—60cm long, branched at summit or at base, covered, as are the leaves, with short glandular hairs; leaves lanceolate, acute, 5cm long and 0.5—1 cm broad, sessile; flowers several or solitary; pedicels about as long as calyx; bracts herbaceous, abruptly long-acuminate from ovate base; calyx tubular-conic, 20—32 mm long; fruiting calyx strongly inflated and to 10—15 mm broad in lower part, 30-nerved, glandular -hairy, with long lance-subulate teeth; petals pink or reddish, 25—35 mm long; limb irregularly notched; coronal scales fringed-incised at apex, to 2mm long; claw glabrous, enlarged at summit; filaments usually hairy in lower half, more rarely glabrous; capsule pyriform, 15—18 mm long and in lower part to 10mm broad; carpophore short; seeds reniform, ca. 1.5 mm long, bluntly tuberculate. April—May. (Plate XXXV, Figure 2). Note. Formation of cleistogamous flowers was observed in Silene conoidea L.— prol.cleistogama N. Troitzk. (in Vestn. Tifl. Bot. Sada 38 (1916) 122., Plate 4). Argillaceous, stony, and turfy slopes, wastes, surroundings of fields, and among crops. — Caucasus: Bl., Dag., E.and S. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Kyz.K., Kara K.,Syr D., Amu D., Mtn. Turkm., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As.Min.,Iran., Ind.-Him., Dzu.-Kash. Described from Spain. Type in London. 91 153. §. coniflora N. Esenb. ex Otth in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 331; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1,578; Rohrb. Monogr. Silene, 90; Williams in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896).— S.acarpophora Griseb. Spicil. I (1843) 172. 527 692 693 Annual; stem 5—15 cm long, commonly branched, soft-pubescent, glandular at summit; leaves lance-linear, 2—3 cm long and 3—5 mm broad, gradually attenuate, both surfaces pubescent; bracts linear, acute; flowers several at summit of stem; calyx cylindric, 12—15 mm long, inflated in fruit, attenuate at summit, 20-nerved, hispidulous, the long-acuminate teeth one-third length of calyx; petals white or roseate; limb cuneate-oval, entire; coronal scales oblong; capsule ovoid-oblong, 8—11mm long; carpophore 1mm long; seeds finely rugulose. April—May. Dry argillaceous or stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Kara K., Kyz. K., Mtn. Turkm., Amu D.,Syr D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Iran. Described from Mesopotamia. Type in Geneva. Genus 488. LYCHNIS * L.** L. Sp. pl.(1758) 486.— Flox Adans. Fam. (1763) 622. — Flos cuculi Opiz., Seznam (1842) 44. Flowers perfect, in loose inflorescences or heads; calyx tubular or campanulate, not inflated, more or less clavately enlarged in fruit, 10-nerved, 5-toothed; petals 5, white, pink, pale yellow, or bright red; limb entire or mostly 2- (or more)-fid; coronal scales inserted on a small convex hollow protuberance; stamens 10; styles 5; capsule 1-loculed, dehiscing by 5 teeth; seeds small, tuberculate. Perennial herbs; leaves opposite, linear - lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-spatulate, exstipulate. 1. Petals 9-13 mmlong,white, roseate, or pale yellow; leaves linear- lanceolate; lanceolate sor: oblong |.) 2. he5s. Sheth CO eo ee Phe + Petals 2—4cm long, bright red or raspberry-colored; leaves ovate- lanceolate, lanceolate, omoblong=ovate 4). 218). S00 oe Rae ae eee 5. 2. Leaves lanceolate or oblong (rarely linear-lanceolate); calyx 9-12 mm long, cylindric to subcampanulate, 10-nerved ......2. 02.2 2 21m Wate. URE We Se ARNE RD MERIT IN Aha GSES RY ARSE Ot a MR eRe a DSI 1. L.ajanensis Rgl. + Leaves linear-lanceolate; calyx 6—8 mm long, campanulate, the nerves mostly#ObSOlescent/s aiiecle wld quiere. Gos CI AP ek ae ee ea 3. 3. Flowers mostly numerous, in a corymbose inflorescence; petals white or roseate; coronal scales small, oblong-oval; stems 8-30cm long..... AAR RABE RMS SRR ORS Lb Re ot . 2. L.sibirica L. + Flowers numerous, in a loose corymbose inflorescence; petals pale yellow or white; coronal scales small, lanceolate or triangular -ovate; Sitems; 4-1 Siemme VOmeps ait Asie eae etek eee allel Met ane Peek crete ere ee 4, 4, Plants woolly-pubescent; petals white; coronal scales triangular -ovaie, BbitWSes. SLM AA Me? 4h 8 eT A 3. L.villosula (Trautv.) Gorschk. + Plants hispidulous; petals lurid or white; coronal scales lanceolate, ACUMEN Oo RAT ATT S OID |e 4, L. samojedorum (Sambuk) Gorschk. 5. Petal limb strongly dissected, almost fringed; leaves elongate-lanceolate, 4—13cm long and 3.5mm broad ....... .. 5. L. wilfordii (Rgl.) Maxim. + Petal limb 2-fid or notched; leaves oblongly oval-lanceolate or ovate, LO 2yem\ lons..and4 em: broad) rete 2th a Seo. Pee es ee 6. 6. Petal limb deeply notched; petals white or raspberry-rose; leaves onloneslanceolaters (16 POE ad). AAS! ee ee 6. L.cognata Maxim. * Name occurring in the writing of Theophrastus, derived from Greek lychnos, lamp, as the leaves of Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desv. were used for wicks. ** Treatment by S.G. Gorshkova. 528 694 + Petal limb deeply 2-fid, the lobes oblong-linear or broad-ovate; petals bright red or flame-colored; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-ovate ... 7. Calyx campanulate, densely tomentose; petals flame-red, about twice as long as calyx; petal lobes limb oblong-linear ... 7%. L.fulgens Fisch. + Calyx tubular or oblong-clavate, sparsely hairy; petals bright red, one and a half times as long as calyx; petal lobes broad-ovate ........... SURPMETE Nei.ey ontop sic of Lees shrimp Stts!y eh vehesaeteee tt eatie BRA Ca Sey de raticthar vets 8. L. chalcedonica L. 1. L.ajanensis Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, II (1861) 564. — Melandryum triflorum f$ ajanense Rgl.et Tiling, Fl. Ajan. (1859) 69.— Melandrium ajanense Rohrb.in Linnaea XXVI (1869—70) 230. Perennial, herbaceous, villous-canescent with a dense coat of rather long straight hairs; stems numerous, erect or ascending, 6—14 cm long, terete, with a basal leaf rosette; leaves lanceolate or occasionally oblong, rarely linear -lanceolate, acute, the cauline leaves sessile, 8-25 mm long, 2—6 mm broad, the radical petiolate, 2—6 cmlongand1—6 mmbroad; flowers ina forked corymbose inflorescence; pedicels erect, shorter than calyx; calyx oblong-cylindric to subcampanulate, green or in upper part reddish-violet, heavily pubescent, 9-12 mm long and 5mm broad, 10-nerved; teeth subovate or triangular, obtuse, Scarious-margined; petals white or roseate, about twice as long as calyx; limb notched, the rounded lobes 1—2 mm long; coronal scales small, oblong, dentate; capsule oblong-ovaloid, slightly exceeding calyx; seeds numerous, 0.5mm long, reniform, brown, minutely and bluntly tuberculate. July. (Plate XLII, Figure 4). Dry hills.— Far East: Okh. Endemic. Described from the Far East (Port Ayan). Type in Leningrad. 2. L. sibirica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 437; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. I, 212; Ldb. Hihoss.4, dol; Kom., 11. Manchzh: 11,2013, Kryl., Fl..Zap. Sib. V, 1072.— Melandryum sibiricum A.Br. in Flora XXVI (1843) 371.— Exs.: HFR no. 1208. Perennial, hispidulous; stems rather numerous, erect or slightly deflexed, 8—30 cm long, with a basal leaf rosette; leaves linear -lanceolate, acute, 1—4 cm long and 1—4 mm broad, the cauline sessile, the radical petiolate; flowers erect, in a loose forked corymb; calyx campanulate, 6—8 mm long 3—4 mm broad, obsoletely nerved; teeth triangular, obtusish, scarious- margined; petals roseate or white, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx (L.sibirica subsp. jakutensis Sambuk); limb lobed to one- quarter or one-third into oblong lobes; coronal scales small, oblong-ovate; capsule oblong-ovaloid; seeds small, rounded-cordate, brown, slightly and minutely tuberculate. May—June—July. (Plate XLII, Figure 1). Southern hill slopes, gravelly hillocks, and pine woods on sandy soil. — European part: V.-Kama; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yen., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Kamch. Gen. distr.: Mongolia. Described from Siberia. Type in London. 3. L.villosula ( Trautv.) Gorschk. comb. nova.— L.ajanensis var. villosula Trautv., Syllabus plant. Sibiriae bor.-or. (1888) 18.— L.sibirica ssp.villosula A.Tolm., Tr. Polyarnoi Kom., no. 8 (1932) iS. — tex A. Tolm:.; lcepnigt 2:7. 529 695 Perennial, densely woolly with long hairs; stems mostly numerous, erect or sometimes slightly deflexed, 4-15 cm long, with a basal rosette; leaves linear -lanceolate, 1.5—2 cm long and 2—3 mm broad, acute, sessile; flowers few in a very loose forked corymb; pedicels of upper flowers often shorter than calyx; calyx campanulate, obsoletely nerved, 6-8 mm long and 4-5 mm broad; teeth elongate-triangular, subacute, ciliate-margined; petals white, 12—13 mm long, 6—7 mm broad, about twice as long as calyx; limb notched to about 1.5mm, with rounded lobes; coronal scales small, triangular - ovate, obtuse (1 cm long [?], 1mm broad); ovary oblong. July. (Plate XLII, Figure 2). Dry sandy places, islands, dry riverside slopes.— Arctic: Arc. Sib. (74°27' N. lat. —102°50' E. long.). Endemic. Described from the Lena estuary (Tonaldo-Kol). Type in Leningrad. 4, L. samojedorum (Sambuk) Gorschk. comb. nova.— L.sibirica samojedorum Sambuk in Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR VII, Ser. XXII (1928) Au, leevsambuk, Wes tabs Lue ft. A Perennial, densely covered with short hairs; stems numerous, simple, 4—12 cm long, obscurely dichotomously branched in upper part, with a basal rosette; leaves linear-lanceolate, 5—25 mm long, 2—3 mm broad, acute, sessile; flowers few in a loose corymb; pedicels of upper flowers shorter than calyx; calyx campanulate, 7-8 mm long and 4—5 mm broad; teeth elongate -triangular, subobtuse, scarious-margined; petals pale yellow or white, 8-11 mm long and 3.5—4 mm broad, about twice as long as calyx; limb notched to 1 1/2 —2 mm into rounded lobes; coronal scales lanceolate, acute, 0.75 mm long and 0.25mm broad; ovary ovoid. July. (Plate XLII, Figure 3). Elevated terraces and sandy slopes.— Arctic: Arc. Sib. Endemic. Described from the Pechora River (Maritime Station). Type in Leningrad. 5. L. wilfordii (Rgl.) Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XVII (1872) 178. — L.laciniata var.mandshurica Maxim.in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XI (1867) 429,non L.laciniata Lam. (1779); Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 203.— L.fulgens var. Wilfordii Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIV (1861) oiae Perennial, glabrous except pedicels; stem erect, simple or slightly branched, 85 cm-—1m long; leaves elongate-lanceolate, acute, narrowing toward base, subamplexicaul, 4—13 cm long and 1.5—3.5cm broad; flowers large, in a flat many-flowered cyme; pedicels shorter than to sometimes equaling calyx, slightly pubescent; calyx cylindric, 12—17mm long and 4—5 mm broad; teeth short, triangular, acute, narrowly scarious-margined; petals narrowly cuneate, bright red; limb deeply dissected into subulate to broadly filiform almost fringed segments; capsule oblong-ovaloid, equaling or exceeding calyx; seeds small, round, brown, densely covered with prickles and tubercles. June— July — August. Meadows.— Far East: Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Chi. Described from Vladivostok. Type in Leningrad. 6. L.cognata Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 55; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 209.— L.fulgens var.cognata Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Mosc. (1861) 575.— Ic.: Ed. Makino (Iconogr.) Pl. Nippon. VIII (1910) tab. 56. 530 196 Perennial; sparsely covered with stiffish hairs; stem erect, simple, to 125cm long; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowing toward base, 5—9.5cm long and 1—3cm broad; flowers large, in a dense corymbose- capitate inflorescence or cyme; pedicels one-fifth to one-fourth as long as calyx; calyx campanulate or elongate-clavate, 2—2.5cm long and 6-7 mm broad, 10-nerved, slightly pubescent or often glabrate; teeth triangular, acute; petals raspberry-rose; limb deeply notched; coronal scales lanceolate, retuse; capsule oblong-ovaloid. June—July. (Plate XLII, Figure 6). Wood margins and coppices, on wet soil.— Far East: Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Chi. Described from N. China (Poshuanchang). Type in Leningrad. 7. L.fulgens Fisch. in Curt. Bot. Mag. XLVI (1819) tab. 2104; Lab. FI. Ross. I, 330; Turez. Fl. baic.-dah. 1, 211; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 202. — Agrostemma fulgens Doll. Rhein. Fl. (1843) 643.— L.fulgens var. typica Rgl. Bull. Soc. Mosc. XXXIV (1861) 575.— Ic.: Curt., l.c., tab. 2104; Neubert s. Deutsch. Gart. Mag. I (1898) tab. 8; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. I, tab. 150. — Exs.: HFR no. 1914. Perennial, pubescent; stem simple,erect,rather bluntly 4-angled,28—85 cm tall; leaves oblong-ovate or oval-lanceolate, 3.5—10 cmlong and 3.5 cm broad, acuminate, the broad base rounded; flowers large, ina 3—more-flowered corymbose-capitate inflorescence subtended by 2 lanceolate acute leaves; pedicels one-fifthas longas calyx; calyx campanulate,densely tomentose, 1.5—2 cmlongand 4—6 mm broad, obscurely nerved; teethtriangular, acute; petals flame-red, about twice as longas calyx; limbdeeply cleft into oblong- linear lobes; seeds small, dark brownto black, rounded, sharply tuberculate. June — August. (Plate XLII, Figure 5). Meadows and shrub thickets. — E. Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Chi. Described from cultivated specimens grown from seed obtained from the Gorenki Botanical Garden. Type in London. 8. L. chalcedonica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 436; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 330; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 144-145; Shishkin in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 279; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1071.— le Bot. Mag. tab..257;.Rehbste. Fl.Germ: V1, tab.:505 3 Hegi, Il. BloMitt. Burs 0297, £.5753) Fl. Yugo-Vost. 1V;Fig. 313. Perennial; stem erect, scarcely branched, 40—125 cm long, glandular - hairy; leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate, acute, cordate at base, 2—8 cm long and 2—4 cm broad, hispid beneath, on the margin and on the veins; flowers large, in a dense corymbose-capitate or capitate many-flowered inflorescence subtended by a pair of leaves; pedicels short, sparsely hispid like the calyx; calyx tubular or oblong-clavate, 15—18 mm long and 3—4 mm broad; teeth triangular, acute; petals bright red; limb 2-cleft to the middle or beyond into broad-ovate lobes; coronal scales long, linear or subulate; capsule ovoid; seeds triangular-cordate, brown, tuberculate. June— August. (Plate XLV, Figure 4), Damp forest glades, wood margins, coppices, and gullies. — European part: U. Dap:, MEDnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl.,.L. Don; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., int. J Alies) H.siberia: Angs-Say.; Centr. Asia: Ars-Casp., Balkh., T..Sh. Gen. distr.: Magg. Described from Europe (Tataria). Type in London. 531 (697) PLATE XLII. 1. Lychnis sibirica L.— 2. L.villosula (Trautv.) Gorschk.— 8. L.samojedorum (Sambuk) Gorschk.— 4. L.ajanensis Rgl.— 5. L.fulgens Fisch.— 6. L.cognata Maxim. Annotations to all illustrations: a) flower, b) calyx, c) calyx stretched open, d) pistil, e) petal. 332 100 Genus 489. CORONARIA* L.** L. Gen. pl. ed. 1 (1787) 185. Flowers solitary or in a paniculate inflorescence; calyx campanulate, 10-nerved, 5-toothed; petals pinkish-red or white; limb entire or deeply cleft; coronal scales inserted on the flat base of the limb; stamens 10; styles 5; capsule unilocular, subsessile, dehiscing by teeth. Perennial herbs, sparsely or densely pubescent, with a radical leaf rosette; upper leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, sessile; basal leaves oblong- obovate or oblong-spatulate, petiolate. 1. Flowers solitary; petals red; limb obovate, entire; capsule oblong; Misamis Gewsely WHLte -tOMeNtLOSe THrOUSNOUT 6. ek ek a ees ee er a he ee ne 1. C. coriacea (Moench) Schischk. + Flowers in a loose paniculate or corymbose-paniculate inflorescence; petals pink, rarely white; limb deeply 4-fid; capsule broad-ovoid; stems PRoeeedicels Hatry ot. st ae eos 2. C.flos cuculi (L.) A. Braun. 1. C.coriacea (Moench) Schischk. in sched.— Lychnis coriacea Moench, Meth. (1794) 709. — Agrostemma coronaria L.Sp.pl. (1753) 436.— Lychnis coronaria Desr. in Lam. Encycl. HI (1789) 643; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 331; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 658; Shmal'g., Fl.I, 144; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il,416.— Silene coronaria Clairv. Manuel (1819) 145.— Coronaria tomentosa A.Br.in Fl. XXVI (1843) 368.— C.coronaria Huthin Helios Frankf. 11 Jahrb. (1893) 134.— Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI (1844) 308, f.5133; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt. Eur. III (1909) 297, tab. 100, f.1. Perennial, densely silky white-tomentose; stem erect, forked at summit, to 30—60cm long; lower leaves oblong-obovate, petiolate; upper leaves lanceolate, acute, 3.5—8 cm long and 1—2 cm broad, sessile; flowers large, solitary, long-pediceled; calyx tubular-campanulate, coriaceous, 15—17mm long and 7—8 mm broad, 10-ribbed; teeth lanceolate, deflexed; petals red; limb obovate, entire; coronal scales cartilaginous; capsule oblong, subsessile; seeds very small, rounded-cordate, black, minutely tuberculate. July. Dry mountain slopes and meadows. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: E.Transc.; Centr. Asia: Syr D., Pam.-Al., T.Sh. Gen.distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Ind.-Him. Described from Italy. Type in London. 2. C.flos cuculi (L.) A. Braun in Flora XXVI (1843) 386; Shishk. in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 278.— Lychnis flos cuculi L.Sp. pl. (1753) 436; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 330; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. I, 241; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 658; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 144; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1073.— L.lusistanica Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8 (1768) no.8.— L.laciniata Lam. Fl. Franc. III (1779) 51.— Agro- stemma flos cuculi C. Don, Gen. Syst. (1831) 416. — Coccyganthe pratensis Rupr. Fl. Ingr. (1860) 165.— Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI (1844) 306, f.5129.— Hegi Fl. Mitt.-Eur. (1909) tab. 100, f.2; Sorn. rast. SSSR, II (1934) 499, Fig. 155.— Exs.: Mus. Bot. Univ. Helsingf. no. 617 (Lychnis flos cuculi L.f.albiflora); Fl. Bohemiae et Moraviae exs. F. Petrak no.1216 (L.flos cuculi); Fl. Gall. et Germ. exs. Billot no. 116 (L.flos cuculi). * From Latincorona, wreath, crown, alluding to shape of corolla. ** Treatment by S. G. Gorshkova. 533 701 Perennial; stem erect, more or less branched only at summit, sulcate, to 30—80 cm long, covered, as are pedicels, with retrorse-appressed hairs; radical leaves oblong-spatulate, petiolate; leaves acute, the radical oblong- spatulate, petiolate, the upper narrowly linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-9 cm long and 3—10mm broad, sessile; flowers in a loose panicle with opposite branches or a corymbose-paniculate inflorescence; pedicels long, some- times shorter than calyx; calyx campanulate, submembranous, 6—8 mm long and 3—5 mm broad, faintly violet-tinged, with 10 prominent dark green nerves; teeth triangular, acute, ciliate-margined; petals pink, rarely white, about twice as long as calyx; limb deeply 4-parted into narrow divergent linear segments; coronal scales elongate, acute; capsule broad-ovoid, sessile; seeds very small, reniform, blackish-brown, minutely muricate. May—June—July. Wet water-meadows and glades; margins of bogs. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V-Kama, U.Dnp., V.- Don, L. Don, Ural; Caucasus: Cisc.; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Med. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Occurring as a weed on wet fields of clover and other forage plants. Genus 490. MELANDRIUM * ROEHL. Roehl. Deutsch. Fl. ed. 2, II (1812) 274.- Melandryum Rchb. Handb. (1837) 298.- Melandrum Blytt, Norges Fl. II] (1876) 1068. — Physocarpon Neck. Elem. II (1790) 164. Flowers perfect or unisexual and then plants monoecious or dioecious; clayx 5-toothed, 10- or 20-nerved, campanulate or ovoid, often inflated; petals with 2-lobed limb; coronal scales present, more rarely wanting; stamens 10; styles 5 or 3; capsule unilocular, many-seeded, dehiscing by 10 or 6 teeth. Annual or perennial herbs, with rather profuse simple or glandular indument. ie Styles 3; capsule dehiscing by 6 teeth (subgenus Elisanthe (Fenzl) Schischk:\p cacy ait cw Doles. Reh 2 ote oy eee ae 2 a ptvles: breapsulée. dehis eineyby, WO teeth "Pid. sale Paice e ee eee 16. Pie Calyx 20—40mm long, the teeth long-acuminate............ 3. 7 Calyx 7—20imam Jonge; the teeth acute or obtuse: 2. ei cua. . ee 4. 3 Calyx 20—25 mm long; capsule subsessile; annuals ...5......... EA Oh Ve eM Ose AA GLa SLA 9. M.noctiflorum (L.) Fries. a Calyx 20—40mm long; capsule borne on a pubescent carpophore 5—6mm long; perennials...... 1. M. ovalifolium Rgl. et Schmalh. 4. Petal limb firinged=nmaultitid, |.) 00.) 3. M. adenophorum Schischk. af Petal limb 2 lobed: Fibs a1 per. Wet vo MOC Aelia UR eS ee 5. Sys Petals dark rose or purple, deeply 2-lobed, each lobe with a lateral toothjicapsule 4—Simim lone tis) wa eat 13. M. olgae Maxim. ita Petals whitish or greenish-white, rarely pink; capsule large... 6. 6. Calyaze labios 2% Welt ates. 15. M.firmum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Rohrb. als Galyxtmor ever lessvhairyaid 1) Alar abe 2 tl. bate ated eke) hve eee Cs The Stems numerous, 7—30 cm long, simple, densely matted; flowers solitary OF SCVERAL go. 3 a ye scale aoe eae Suhr teh eon ene ei a 8. * A plant name occurring in the writings of Pliny, derived from Greek melas, black, and dris, oak; connotation of the name not sufficiently clear. 534 02 (03 10. Stems solitary or several, branched; flowers usually numerous Calyx 10mm long; plants covered with simple hairs (Sakhalin)..... BMW TY aca a, ROE 8. M. sachalinense (F.Schmidt) Schischk. Calyx 17-18 mm long; plants glandular-shaggy(Gr.Caucasus)...... Ries tO Mee Mae i Ce ig Se Pe an ee 7. M.akinfievii (Schmalh.) Schischk. “Stems divaricately branched from base, covered with long hairs; lcames Ovare Or oVale-lanceolate,2—4.cm broad . 5.42... ... 10. Stems simple or slightly branched only at summit, covered with short simple or glandular hairs; leaves lanceolate, 4—15(20)mm PGCE a RNER eS yeas ST Biles) Bu Wwe, Ue, tay Mie, Rema Meet ties er.” Rams AEN ESD TO Ale Calyx 12—14 mm long, the triangular-subulate teeth one-third Pema HNO ire NyAG; FCAPS MENS MOS CSS Oui, aurciiaiierns iy rane Medigireite tet» Yarns «oop 6 ele RAEN aM, ah WR ome. acl le ae ees th 4, M.ferganicum (Preobr.) Schischk. Calyx 17—20mm long, the broadly lanceolate obtuse teeth one-sixth to one-fifth length of calyx; capsule borne on a carpophore 5—7 mm HORE EL, Pak AL By IG? g 2. M.fedtschenkoanum (Preobr.) Schischk. Calyx 9—12 mm long, with acute teeth; flowers in a loose panicle or a t-sided' raceme; petals pink) rarely white. Wo 2 2o oe ee a 12. Calyx 14—19mm long, with obtuse teeth; flowers in opposite axillary clusters forming a terminal raceme; petals white .... 14. Petals very slightly exceeding calyx; annual. Siberia and ppt Th) Ste WS ee | NIN PU 2 A 14. M.apricum (Turcz.) Rohrb. Petals pink, one and a half times as long as calyx. Central Asia ee oF cach HLA ES ie Che at ea ROMMEL. Obey ope cea Reece Lee a ee a 13. Calyx 10—12 mm long; teeth 2—2.5 mm long; petals entire or OUCH OG cio Kye, be RY A te OO ee PEs be Ey 6. M.ruinarum M. Pop. Calyx 14—15 mm long; teeth linear-subulate, 5mm long; petal limb Clie S down dex cello Ian ry sewed ne ee Rr oe ca 5. M.erubescens Schischk. Petals 2-fids biemmial, 2.4 a dvaclt 4 GRR 10. M. viscosum (L.) Cel. Eee sy 2 athe Props moa \iCHl Withee st Raa em Lt ARs Ree are BL ee eae ee eae INS Revals | mumltitiGs i. des, 12. M. suaveolens (Kar. et Kir.) Schischk. Stata TV GE Ak, Fe? Bors, gud Pav ig 11. M. quadrilobum (Turcz.) Schischk. Flowers perfect; petals lightly exceeding to one and a half times as long as calyx; perennials (Subgenus Gastrolychnis (Fenzl) SiC) OUTIS IG) alk a RELY lta wih yan A ee a ee las IN ea eR tr nT 7. FO ete Plants dioecious; petals one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; biennials, rarely perennials (Subgenus Eumelandrium APNE aI) AS) CUTS CLIENT c WI uted ih iit le lll Mh hac) NA, Oe ae abe 8G Sa a 30. Radical leaves well developed; cauline leaves similar or less developed; fruiting calyx inflated, its basal part saccate ...... iS. Cauline leaves large, well developed; radical leaves wanting in grown plants; calyx expanded ..... 28. M.saxatile (Turcz.) A. Br. Mowers (nodding) atanthesis 2 P 22). Oy Gant Gee a 19. LMOWICISNS GO Ch ATMOS IS ait te Rath SPS ee TO ee Shape 22. Coroliawiompe. ma dehiiexSerteg Alia $m 4) Se) ayereie ints ee tees Be 8) 20. Corolla Secarcelyexsectedlorrequaline ealtys iG! Fe. ee. 21. Flowers 2—7, approximate at summit of stem; pedicels short ..... AARNet SPR Ret SRE) Pa de toh ill 18. M.sordidum (Kar. et Kir.) Rohrb. 535 704 one Bake OIA Flowers solitary, or else 2 or 3 and then remote; pedicels NGI. che te eee rt ame tae raat OAR Cu OMP OLS) 19. M.triste (Bge.) Fenzl. Cauline leaves rather poorly developed, always less than the radicals seeds wangiedsimoreloriless)simooth) jose) a ).nae el 2 ale eee Nee eed cr chen tracy cm eden) Weare homes. fe ante 20. M.apetalum (L.) Fenzl. Cauline leaves well developed, the lowest pairs often larger than themmadical: seeds winglessmtuberculatew® ae a-et eis ee e-eeen ee Ce Pie Meme Te Cee ee eR TT 27. M.baicalense (Suk.) Tolm. Corolla very slightly exserted or not at all; seeds wingless, fubenculatep inn cried hbee al.) cesltadit

+ se = Rebbbanehecueas yore ie o Opie O alleinecienEsaiecr Fruiting calyx inflated, loosely enveloping the capsule ....... 32. Calyx strongly accrescent in fruit, finally 25—40 mm long and ZOO iin POAC: (so es ean ey a 32. M. boissieri Schischk. Calysc but slightly wacerescent dan LeU oes any she arca-sin ie Ceeen eee 33. Stems 12—40cm long; leaves lanceolate, 5—7 mm broad; calyx covered with simple hairs only ..... 33. M.astrachanicum Pacz. Stems 40—100 cm long; leaves elliptic; calyx covered with simple as wellfas olandularihairs 4 2.) 5 eee 31. M. album (Mill.) Garcke. 536 (05 Subgenus 1. ELISANTHE (Fenzl) Schischk. subgen. nov.— Saponaria sect.Elisanthe Fenzl in Endl. Gen. (1840) 972.— Melandrium sect. Elisanthe A.Br.in Flora XXVI (1843) 371.— Gen.Elisanthe Rchb. Nomencl. (1841) 206.— Gen.Silenanthe Griseb. et Schrenk in Wiegm. Arch. XVIII (1852) 300. — Flowers perfect; styles 3, capsule unilocular, dehiscing by 6 teeth. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, with lanceolate, spatulate, or ovate leaves. Series 1. Elata Schischk. — Perennials; stem (20) 30—80cm long; leaves rather large, ovate or ovate-lanceolate. 1. M. ovalifolium Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. O-va Lyubit. Estestv., Antrop. i Etnogr.XXXIV (1882) 15; Raikova in Opr. rast. okr. Tashkenta II, 114. — Silene odontopetala var.ovalifolia M. Pop.in Bull. Univ. As. Centr. XII Suppl. (1926) 7. —Ic.: Opr. rast. okr. Tashkenta, Fig. 157. — Exs.: Ell. MC. nosis Perennial; stems 20—60 cm long, ascending at base, then erect, branched, glandular-pubescent as are the leaves; leaves ovate to broad-ovate, 2—5 cm long and 1.5—4 cm broad, rounded or somewhat cordate at base, acuminate; flowers at tips of stems and branches in few-flowered dichasia; pedicels glandular-pubescent, 1—5 cm long; bracts herbaceous, long- acuminate; calyx cylindric-clavate, (1.8)2.0—4 cm long, glandular-pubescent, with long subulate teeth; petals white or violet, twice as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into ovate lobes, with coronal scales; capsule ovoid, 15—18 mm long; carpophore pubescent, 5-6 mm long. June—July. (Plate XLIII, Figure 2). Rocks and stony slopes in mountain woods, at altitudes between 1,300 and 3,400 m. — Centr. ASia: W. T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Zeravshan valley (Varzaminor). Type in Leningrad. 2. M. fedtschenkoanum (Preobr.) Schischk. in Trav. Mus. botan. de l'Acad. Sc. URSS XXIV (1932) 34.— Silene fedtschenkoana Preobr. in Not. syst. Herb. Horti Petrop. II, 8 (1921) 30.—Elisanthe fedtschenkoana Schischk. in sched. Perennial; stem 60—80cm long, branched, covered with rather long crisp hairs; leaves ovate, 5—10cm long and 3—4 cm broad, rounded at base and abruptly narrowed to a short petiole or sessile, acuminate at apex, slightly pubescent or glabrous, the margin beset with long soft cilia; flowers at tips of stem and branches in few-flowered dichasia; pedicels 1—5 cm long; calyx ovaloid-cylindric, 16—20mm long and ca. 4mm broad, somewhat inflated, covered with simple as well as glandular hairs; teeth broadly lanceolate, obtuse, one-sixth to one-fifth length of calyx, with white-scarious margin; petals whitish, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into ovate lobes; coronal scales ca.1mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule ovoid, 8—10mm long; carpophore pubescent, 5—7 mm long; seeds reniform, ca. 1.5mm long, bluntly tuberculate. June—August. (Plate XLII, Figure 4). Broad-leaved mountain woods. — Centr. Asia: W. T.Sh. (Namangan and Andizhan River). Endemic. Described from the Aflatuna River valley. Type in Leningrad. BS) 706 709 3. M.adenophorum Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p.678. Perennial; taproot stout; stem erect (?),45cm long, minutely and softly glandular-pubescent; radical leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2—3 cm long and 0.6—1 cm broad, acute, tapering to a rather short petiole; median and upper cauline leaves broad-ovate or some suborbicular, obtusely short- acuminate, 2—2.5cm long and 1.5—2.2 cm broad; all leaves puberulent; flowers in cymes at tips of stem and short branches; pedicels glandular- pubescent, 2—5 mm long; calyx cylindric-clavate, 11—12 mm long, glandular - pubescent, with obtuse teeth; petals white (?), twice as long as calyx; limb fringed-multifid; coronal scales none; capsule ovoid, ca. 7mm long; carpophore glabrous, 1.5—2 mm long. June. Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Endemic. Described from the natural boundary Oital, in the former Osh Pass. Type in Leningrad. Note. This plant has been obtained to date from only one location and it needs further study. The habitat conditions are unknown. 4. M.ferganicum (Preobr.) Schischk. comb.nov.— Silene ferganica Preobr.in Not. syst. Herb. Hort. Petrop. 8 (1923) 29.— Elisanthe ferga- nica Schischk. in sched. Perennial; stem 40—85 cm long, branched, covered with rather long hairs; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4—8 cm long and 2—3 cm broad, sessile, subcordate and clasping at base, long-acuminate, glabrous, the margins and midrib ciliate; upper leaves sparsely hairy; flowers at tips of stem and branches in 3—7-flowered dichasia; pedicels glandular-pubescent, 0.5—2 cm long; calyx cylindric, 12—14 mm long; teeth triangular-subulate, obtusish, scarious-margined, one-third length of calyx; fruiting calyx tightly enclosing capsule; petals pink (?), one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lobed to one-fourth or one-third, the lobes oblong; coronal scales lanceolate, ca. 1.5mm long; capsule ovoid, 10—12 mm long, subsessile; seeds reniform, 1.2mm long, striate. June—July. (Plate XLII, Figure 5). Scrub at altitudes between 1,200 and 2,000 m.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Nichke-Saya and the Kugart River. Type in Leningrad. 5. M. erubescens Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p.678. Perennial; stems several, 20—70 cm long, erect, rather sparsely crisp- hairy, at the somewhat branched summit covered with short glandular hairs; leaves narrow -ovate, acute,4—7 cm long and 1—2.5cm broad, sessile, 7-veined, setose on the margin and on veins, narrowing toward base, often with nonelongated sterile axillary branchlets; bracts herbaceous, resembling foliar leaves but smaller; pedicels 5—20mm long or flowers subsessile; calyx tubular, 14—15 mm long, densely glandular-pubescent, the teeth linear- subulate, acutish; fruiting calyx tightly enclosing capsule; petals pinkish-red, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb cleft to the middle into oblong lobes; coronal scales oblong, 1mm long; claw enlarged at summit, glabrous; capsule (immature) ovoid, 12mm long and 6mm broad, subsessile. April— June. (Plate XLII, Figure 3). Thin scrub on gravelly slopes, at altitudes between 2,000 and 2,400m. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Gissar Range). Endemic. Described from Gazi- Mailik Range. Type in Leningrad. 5402 538 PLATE XLII]. 1. Melandrium sachalinense (F. Schmidt) Schischk. — 2. M. ovalifolium Rgl. et Schmalh. — 3. M. erubescens Schischk. — 4. M.fedtschenkoanum (Preobr.) Schischk. — 5. M. ferga- nicum (Preobr.) Schischk. — 6.M.suaveolens (Kar. et Kir.) Schischk. 539 710 6. M.ruinarum M. Pop. in Bull. Univ. As. Cent. XII Suppl. (1926) 9 in syn. — Silene ruinarum M. Pop.,l.c.— Exs.: H. F. A. M.no. 184. Perennial; stems several from a stout taproot, ascending, 30—50 cm long, simple or slightly branched, covered with rather long crisp hairs interspersed at summit with glandular; lower leaves narrowly obovate, 2.5—4.5cm long and 7—10mm broad, acute, narrowing toward base; inflorescence with partly secund short few-flowered glandular -pubescent branches; bracts herbaceous, resembling leaves but smaller; pedicels erect, Shorter than calyx; calyx cylindric, 10—12 mm long, densely covered with glandular as well as some long simple hairs; teeth lanceolate, acute, 2—2.5mm long; fruiting calyx tightly enclosing the capsule; petals pink, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb narrowly cuneate, 2-fid or notched or subentire; coronal scales lanceolate, 1mm long; claw auriculate at summit, glabrous; capsule oblong-ovoid, 10 mm long, subsessile; seeds reniform-triangular, ca. 1mm long, tuberculate. May. At the foot of clayey hills among plowfields. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan valley, Rem villate). Endemic. Described from the site indicated. Type in Tashkent; cotype in Leningrad. Series 2. Humilia Schischk. — Perennials with stems 7—20(30) cm long. 7. M. akinfievii (Schmalh.) Schischk. comb.nova.— Silene akinfievii Schmalh. in Berichte der Deutsch. Bot. Geselisch. X (1892) 286.— Charesia akinfievii E. Busch in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac.Sc. URSS XIX (1926) 182; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. 11,416. —Ic.: E.,Busch., 1. c., tab. XVI. Perennial, softly shaggy-glandular; stems brittle, erect or somewhat flexuous, 10—30 cm long; lower leaves oblong, short-petioled; upper leaves sessile, broad-ovate, acute, 2.5—5 cm long and 2—5 mm broad; flowers solitary at tips of branches of a dichotomous inflorescence; pedicels equaling or longer than calyx; calyx cylindric-obiong, with 10 lilac-colored nerves, villous-glandular, 1.7—1.8 cm long and 7—8 mm broad; teeth triangular, acute; petals whitish-green, 2-fid; coronal scales oblong, slightly incised; capsule cylindric, short-stipitate; seeds small, brown, minutely tuberculate, papillose on the back. August. (Plate XLV, Figure 7). Moraines and rocks near glaciers, at altitudes between 1,800 and 2,700m. — Caucasus: Cisc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus, Digora, Mosota-Tsvet, in the Khares valley. Type in Leningrad. 8. M. sachalinense (F.Schmidt) Schischk. comb. nova.— Silene sacha- linensis F.Schmidt, Tr. Sibirsk. eksp. Russ. Geogr. Obshch. II, Bot. ch. (1874) 125; Miyabe and Miyake, Fl. of Saghalin (1915) no. 92. — Ic.: Miyabe and Miyake, l.c., pl. IV, f.4—7. Perennial, forming low mats; stems numerous, 7—10cm long; puberulent, simple; radical and lower cauline leaves spatulate, 3—4.5 cm long and 5—10mm broad, long-petioled; median leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1.5—2.5cm long and 4—10mm broad, sessile, short-acuminate, puberulent; flowers at tips of stems, solitary; pedicels glandular-pubescent, 8—32 mm long; calyx campanulate, 8-10 mm long and 3—6 mm broad, pubescent, the lanceolate obtusish teeth one-third length of calyx; petals white, one and a haif times as long as calyx; limb slightly notched; coronal scales none; capsule ovoid, 8—10mm long, sessile; seeds reniform, bluntly tuberculate, undulate-winged. June—July. (Plate XLII, Figure 1). 540 Tat Rocks. — Far East: Sakh. Endemic. Described from Khoindgu promontory near Dui, Manue and between Manue and Mungotam. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Viscosa Schischk. — Biennials or perennials; petals whitish- green or greenish-white, one and a half times as long as calyx; calyx teeth obtuse. 9. M. viscosum (L.) Cel. in Lotos XVIII (1868) 118; Shishk. in Fl. Yugo- Vost. IV, 282; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1081.— Cucubalus viscosus L.Sp. pl. (1753) 414; M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III, 304.— Lychnis viscosa Scop. Fl. Carniol. ed. 2,1 (1772) 306. — Viscago viscosa Moench, Meth. Suppl. (1802) 303.— Cucubalus royeni M.B.Casp. (1798) 174.— Silene royeni Pers. Syn.I (1805) 497.— Silene viscosa Pers. Syn. I (1805) 497; Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 313; Shmal'g., Fl.1,141.— EHlisanthe viscosa Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 200; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 416, 118. — Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, t. 291, f.5099; Hegi Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. III (1909) 303,f.577 a-e. — Exs.: Mus. Bot. Univ. Finl. Helsingf. no. 616. ‘Biennial, densely pubescent; stem erect, unbranched, 30—65 cm long, terete, densely leafy toward base; lower leaves elongate-oblong, narrowing toward base; upper leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile, somewhat connate at base, repand; inflorescence elongate, many-flowered, racemiform, composed of 1—5-flowered cymes; pedicels short; calyx tubular or cylindric-clavate, 14—19mm long and 4—5 mm broad, glandular-pubescent; teeth obtuse, with a narrow white-scarious margin; petals yellowish-green or white; limb deeply 2-fid, toothed, one-third longer than calyx; coronal scales none; claw ciliate; capsule oblong-ovoid, dehiscing by 6 teeth, twice to thrice as long as carpophore; seeds small, reniform, light brown, tuberculate. May—July. Dry slopes, stony places, fields, and steppes. — European part: Kar.-Lap. (Kola Peninsula, city of Kirov), U. V., V.-Kama, M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv.; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.,S. Transc.; Tal.: Centr. Asia: Balkh., Syr D., Ar.-Casp., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Iran, Mong. Described from Europe. Type in London. 10. M. quadrilobum (Turcz.) Schischk. comb. nova.— Silene quadri- loba Turcz. ex Kar. et Kir.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 167; Ldb. Fl. Ross.1,777.— Silene viscosa var.quadriloba Trautv. Enum. Pl. soong. (1860) 150.— M.viscosum f.quadrilobum Kryl.in FI. Sib. Oce,; ViE@li9sd») 1082) Perennial or biennial, glandular-hairy throughout; stems several or solitary, erect, simple, 30—70cm long; leaves oblong or lanceolate, 3—7cm long and 5—15(20) mm broad, the radical and lower cauline short-petioled and usually wavy-margined, the upper sessile, acuminate; flowers at ends of stems in axillary clusters forming a long racemose-paniculate inflores- cence; calyx cylindric-clavate, 15—18 mm long and 3—4 mm broad, densely glandular-hairy; teeth with white-scarious margin; petals white; limb 4-fid, the 2 inner lobes somewhat enlarged and crenate at apex, usually larger than the lance-acuminate outer lobes; claw enlarged at summit, glabrous. June—July. 541 712 Meadow steppes, solonetz meadows, and stony slopes. — W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (Minusinsk); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from the Lepsa River. Type in Moscow; cotype in Leningrad. 11. M. suaveolens (Kar. et Kir.) Schischk. comb. nova.— Silene sua- veolens Kar. et Kir.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 168; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I,777.— M.viscosum f.suaveolens Schischk. in Kryl., Fl. Sib. occid. V (1931) 1082.— Silene viscosa f.multifida Kryl.in Fl. Alt.I (1901) 146.— Carpophora hoffmeisteri Klotzsch. Bot. Ergebn. der Reise Prinz. Woldemar von Preussen (1862) 139. —Ic.: Klotzsch., 1l.c., tab. 32. Biennial or perennial; taproot rather stout, the collar clothed with remnants of dead leaves; stems several, erect, 30—80 cm long, densely pubescent; radical leaves numerous, soon wilting; cauline leaves linear- lanceolate, 3—8 cm long and 0.3—3 cm broad, acute, narrowing toward base; inflorescence loosely speciform-racemose; flowers short-pediceled, fragrant; calyx clavate-cylindric, 14—20mm long and 4—5 mm broad, densely pubescent; teeth obtuse, with white-scarious margin; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb multifid; coronal scales none; capsule oblong, 12mm long and 4mm broad; carpophore densely pubescent, 3 mm long; seeds reniform, ca.0.75 mm long, tuberculate. June—August. (Plate XLIII, Figure 6). Argillaceous slopes. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Him. Described from Sassyk-Pastau. Type in Moscow; cotype in Leningrad. Series 4. Noctiflora Schischk. — Biennial plants with rose or purple flowers; petals one and a half times as long as calyx, with acute or subulate teeth. 12. M. noctiflorum (L.) Fries in Lindbl. Bot. Notis. (1842) no. 10; Shishk. in Fl..Yugo-Vost. IV, 282; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1080.— Silene nocti- flora L.Sp. pl. (1753) 419; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1,314; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 138. — Elisanthe noctiflora Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 201; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 416.—Ic.: Sorn. rast. SSSR, II, Fig. 156, 148, t. — Exs.: Mus. Bot. Univers. Helsingfors no. 615; Fl. Gall. et Germ. exs. de C. Billot no. 1436. Annual, glandular-shaggy; stem erect, simple or forked, 50—90 cm long; lower leaves oblong-obovate, acute, petiolate; upper leaves sessile, narrowly lanceolate to oblong (3—11cm long and 1—4cm broad), strongly attenuate toward apex, acute; flowers rather few in a loose cyme with elongated opposite branches; calyx tubular-conic, (18)20—25mm long and 8—9mm broad, inflated in fruit; teeth long, subulate; petals dingy whitish or rose, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb obcordate, deeply 2-fid; coronal scales small; claw narrowly cuneate; capsule ovoid, subsessile; seeds numerous, small, brown, minutely tuberculate. June—July. Shrub thickets and wood margins. — European part: Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U.Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., L. Don (Krasnoarmeisk), Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., E. Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob. (Ishim), Irt., Alt. Gen. distr.: Scand. Described from Europe. Type in London. 542 [13 714 13. M.olgae Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII (1865) 332.— Silene olgae Rohrb. in Linnaea XXXVI (1870) 687; Will. in Journ. of Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896) 160; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 195.— Exs.: HFR no. 2981. Biennial, glandular-pubescent throughout; stem 20—30cm long, branched; radical leaves lance-spatulate, petiolate; cauline leaves lanceolate, short- acuminate, 2—4 cm long and 8—15 mm broad, sessile; inflorescence a raceme; pedicels 0.5—1cm long; bracts herbaceous; calyx cylindric- clavate, 8-10 mm long and 4mm broad, glandular -pubescent; teeth acute, narrowly scarious-margined; petals dark rose or purple, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; limb cleft to below the middle into linear lobes, sometimes with a Subsidiary tooth on each margin; coronal scales reduced to bosses; claw not enlarged, ciliate; filaments glabrous; capsule 4—8 mm long, sessile; seeds triangular-reniform, sharply tuberculate, 0.75mm long. June—July. Stony slopes and broad-leaved woods at about 1,500 m above Sea level. — Far East: Uss. Endemic. Described from the shores of Olga Bay. Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Aprica Schischk.— Annuals, rarely biennials; petals equaling or Slightly exceeding calyx. °14. M.apricum (Turcz.) Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 231; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. Vi, LO8O; — Silene’ apriicasTurez..ex Fisch.et Mey.in Ind. 1sem. Hort. Petrop. (1835) 38; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dahur. I, 209; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 317. — Ic.: Acta Hort. Berg. III,1,no.1 (1897) 22. Annual or biennial, covered throughout with short falcately recurved hairs; hairs; stem 30—70 cm long, erect, branched; lower leaves narrowly spatulate, tapering to a very short petiole; median leaves narrowly lanceolate, 4—7 cm long and 4—8 mm broad, sessile; upper leaves similar but smaller; inflorescence paniculate, with long ascending branches; bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, ciliate; calyx ovoid, 9-12 mm long and 3—4 mm broad, 10-nerved; petals rose or white, equaling or very slightly exceeding calyx; limb cleft to the middle, coronate; styles 3; capsule ovoid, ca.9 mm long, dehiscing apically by 6 teeth; carpophore 1mm long; seeds reniform, 1.5 mm long, convex on the back, tuberculate. June— July. Exposed southern slopes.— W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Mongolia. Described from the environs of Irkutsk and from Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad. 15. M.firmum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Rohrb. Monogr. Silene (1868) 232. — Silene firma Sieb. et Zucc. Abhandl. Miinch. Acad. IV, 2 (1843) 166; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II,197.— S.melandriformis Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 54.— Melandrium apricum var.firmum Rohrb. in Linnaea XXXVI (1869) 240.— Elisanthe firma Schischk. in sched. Annual, glabrous or in lower part crisp-hairy; stems solitary or 2 or 3, simple, 50—100 cm long; leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3-10 cm long and 0.8—2.5 cm broad, tapering to a rather long petiole, acuminate at apex, the margins ciliate; inflorescence elongate-racemiform; pedicels longer than calyx; bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, ciliate; calyx 543 715 cylindric, 7-12 mm long, glabrous; teeth lanceolate, acute, the scarious margin ciliate; petals white, somewhat longer than calyx; limb cleft to the middle, coronate; capsule ovoid, 9-11 mm long; carpophore very short. July — August. Pebbly riverbeds, sandy and pebbly shores, and shrub thickets. — Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen.distr.: Manchuria, Korea, Japan. Described from Japan. Subgenus 2. GASTROLYCHNIS* (Fenzl) Schischk. subgen. nov.— Lychnis sect.Gastrolychnis Fenzlin Endl. Gen. (1840) 974.— Melandryum Sect.Gastrolychnis Paxin Engl.u. Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenf.1 Aufl. III, 1 (1889) 74.— Gastrolychnis Rchb. Nomencl. (1841) 206.— Gastro- lychnis Rupr. in Beitr. Pflanzenk. russ. Reich. II (1845) 24.— Wahl - bergella Fries, Summa veg. Scandin.I (1846) 155.— Vahlenbergella Blytt, Norges Fl. III (1876) 107. Calyx broadly or narrowly campanulate, broadly 5-toothed, with dark longitudinal stripes enlarged at summit and sometimes prolonged into solid blotches of same color on the teeth, considerably inflated in fruit; flowers perfect; styles 5; corolla equaling calyx or exserted to not more than half the length; petals notched or 2-fid; fruit a unilocular capsule dehiscing apically by 10 teeth. Perennial herbs of the Arctic regions and of the alpine and subalpine mountain zones. In southern Siberia and in Mongolia, some species occur also in submontane steppes and meadows and on fluviatile and lacustrine pebbles. Economic importance. Of limited value as forage. 16. M.longicarpophorum Kom. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. XXVI (1895) 132.— Wahlbergella longicarpophora Tolm.in litt.— Lychnis longicarpophora »Preobr.in Sched. Herb.Inst. bot. Acisc..URss: Perennial; stems slender,erect, slightly pubescent, 8—30 (mostly 12—20)cm long; leaves rather densely covered with short white hairs or glabrate; radical oval, slightly attenuate at base, subacuminate at apex, 2—8 cm long and 4-12 mm broad; cauline mostly 2 pairs, of these the lower lanceolate, slender -pointed, Somewhat shorter and much narrower than the radical, those of the upper pair very small, cuneate; flowers solitary, rarely 2 or 3, erect; calyx elongate-campanulate, with dark grayish-lilac striped and almost completely dark teeth somewhat tapering toward apex, or [?] more sparsely covered with very short hairs, 17—20 mm long at anthesis; corolla lilac, much narrower than calyx, exserted to one-third or half its length; petals 2-fid. (Plate XLIV, Figure 9). Alpine zone of Soviet Central Asia, mostly at altitudes between 2,500 and; 3,000 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the limestone area of Zeravshan. Type in Leningrad. 17. M. soezavianum Schischk. in Journ. Soc. Bot. Russ. Leningr., 16 (1931) 83.— Wahilberpellavtsoczaviana Tolmiin litt.— Ie): Schischiaplgcs p. 84. Perennial; stems slender, soft-hairy or in lower part glabrous, 9-17cm long; radical leaves elongate-obovate, obtuse to subacuminate, covered on * Treatment by A. I. Tolmachev. 544 16 upper surface and on the margin with short pale hairs, glabrous beneath, 1—2.5cm long and 2.5—8 mm broad; cauline leaves 2—4 pairs, narrower than the radical, those of the upper pairs smaller, Ssubacuminate; flowers erect or Slightly deflexed; calyx broadly campanulate, with lilac stripes and teeth, covered with short glandular hairs, 10-12 mm long at anthesis; corolla one and a half times as long as calyx, bright violet-red; petals broad, deeply notched. Wet tundras.— Arctic: An. Endemic. Described from the Anadyr River basin. Type in Leningrad. 18. M.sordidum (Kar. et Kir.) Rohrb. in Linnaea, XXXVI (1869—70) 233. — Lychnis sordida Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XV (1842) 170. — Wahlbergella sordida Tolm.inlitt.— Gastrolychnis sordida Schischk. in sched. ad Herb. Inst. bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Perennial; stems erect, more or less covered with short pale hairs, in lower part sometimes glabrate, 30—45 cm long; leaves slightly pubescent or glabrous, the radical elongate-oblanceolate, subacuminate, 5.5—8.5 cm long and 6—11 mm broad, the cauline 2—4 pairs, narrowly lanceolate, the lower approaching the size of the radical, the upper smaller, the uppermost very small, cuneate; flowers 2—7, exceptionally solitary, rather close to the stem end, partly forming compact closed groups, erect or subcernuous at anthesis; pedicels slender, much shorter than calyx; calyx broadly campanulate, 17—23 mm long, with dark lilac stripes and teeth, covered with short pale hairs; corolla blackish-lilac, one-quarter longer than calyx; petals relatively narrow, 2-fid. (Plate XLIV, Figure 6). Subalpine meadows. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzhungarian Ala-Tau). Endemic. Described from Sarkhan (Dzhungarian Ala-Tau). Type in Moscow. 19. M. triste (Bge.) Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 326; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1077.— Lychnis tristis Bge. in Ldb. FI. Alt. II (1830) 184.— Gasterolychnis tristis Rupr. Fl. samojed. cisur. (1845) 31.— Wahlbergella tristis Freyn in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV (1895) 266. Perennial; stems erect, firm, rather densely short-hairy, 15—35 cm long; radical leaves elongate -obovate, subacuminate, with puberulent margin, 4—10 cm long and 7-13 mm broad; cauline leaves 2 or 3 pairs, the lower resembling the radical but sometimes slightly larger, the upper very small, narrowly cuneate; flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together on upper part of stem (but not forming a closed group); pedicels long, nodding at anthesis; calyx broadly campanulate, at anthesis 17-23 mm long, glandular -pubescent, with blackish-lilac stripes and teeth, strongly inflated in fruit; corolla lilac or blackish-purple, slightly exserted; petals 2-fid; seeds wingless, tuberculate. June—July. (Plate XLIV, Figure 5). Alpine meadows, near mountain streams, and on the periphery of sylvestrine associations. — W.Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh. Gen. distr.: Mong. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad. 20. M. apetalum (L.) Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 326; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1075.— Lychnis apetala L.Sp.pl.ed.I (1753) 437.— L.uniflora Ldb. in Mém. Ac. Pétersb. V (1815) 536.— Agrostemma apetalum Don., 545 (717) PLATE XLIV. 1. Melandrium affine Vahl: aspect, hairs from pedicel. — 2. M. apetalum (L.) Fenzl: general view of flower, calyx, 2a) seed.— 38. M.angustiflorum (Rupr.) Walp.: calyx, analysis of corolla.— 4. M. tenellum Tolm.: seed. — 5. M. triste (Bge.) Fenzl: calyx. — 6. M. sordidum (Kar. et Kir.) Rohrb.: upper portion of stem with flowers. - 7. M.brachypetalum (Hom.) Fenzl: calyx, seed. — 8. M. saxatile (Turcz.) A.Br.: flowering calyx, fruiting calyx, seed. —- 9. M. longicarpophorum Kom.: calyx. 546 19 Enc. I (1831) 416. — lbychnusypanwitlora Turecz..ex.Bess. in Flora XVII, I Beibl. (1834) 8.— Wahlber gella apetala Fries in Lindbl. Bot. Notis. (1843) 9.— W.uniflora Fries in Bot. Notis. (1843) 143.— W.vel Gastero- lychnis uralensis Rupr. Fl. samojed. cisural. (1845) 30.— W. vel G.macropetala Rupr., ibid. (1845) 30.— Physolychnis gonosperma Rupr. in Mém. Ac. Pétersb. VII sér., XIV, no. 4 (1864) 41.— ? L.pauciflora Ldb. in Mém. Ac. Pétersb. V (1815) 537. Perennial; stems erect, 7—30 (usually not more than 20)cm long, monanthous, mostly pubescent, in upper part glandular; leaves narrow, linear-lanceolate, the radical often somewhat enlarged near apex, 1.5—6 (9)cm long, subacuminate or obtuse, glabrous or slightly pubescent at margin or puberulent throughout; cauline leaves 1—3 pairs, much smaller than the radical, narrow, subacuminate; flowers solitary, exceptionally 2 or 3, each distinctly pedicellate, drooping, erecting in fruit; calyx broad, commonly inflated, ovoid-campanulate, 13—18 mm long, with blackish or blackish-raspberry-colored longitudinal stripes, glandular -pubescent, more rarely glabrous; petals dingy lilac, included in calyx or scarcely exserted and then with reflexed tips, notched; seeds smooth, broadly membranous-margined. June— August. (Plate XLIV, Figure 2). Wet tundras and alpine mountain formations. — Arctic: Arc. Eur. (W. Murman and Bol'shezemel'skaya Tundra), Nov. Z. (greater part of Novaya Zemlya), Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; European part: V.-Kama (N. Ural, at 60°N. lat.); W. Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Okh.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., Pam.-Al., T.Sh. Gen. distr.: Arc., Scand., Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Ber., N. Am., Tib. Described from Lapland. Type in England. Note. M.apetalum (L.) Fenzl displays considerable variability over its distribution area but it does not apparently form stable geographic races. Arctic plants are generally characterized by their scantily pubescent and often quite glabrous leaves, the cauline leaves being poorly developed, often rudimentary. Altai plants, on the other hand, are distinguished by the strong development of minute farinaceous indument and often bear 3 pairs of cauline leaves. Sayan plants show intermediate features. The characters indicated are not, however, fully consistent. 21. M.affine J. Vahl, Fl. Dan., 40 (1843) 5.— M.involucratum B affine Rohrb. in Linnaea, XXXVI (1869—70) 217 (p. max. pte.).— Lychnis affinis J. Vahl in Fries, Mant. III (1842) 36.— Wahlbergella affinis Tolm.in litt.— Gastrolychnis affinis Schischk. in sched.ad Herb. Inst. bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. — Ic.: Tolm.in Trav. Mus. Ac. Sc. XXIV, fig. 2. Perennial; stems erect, rather densely covered with short pale hairs, more rarely subglabrous, 5—20 cm long; radical leaves elongate -oblanceolate to linear-cochleariform, covered, especially at margin, with short pale hairs, 1.5—4.5 cm long and 2—5 mm broad; cauline leaves 1 or rarely 2 pairs, oblong, about as broad throughout but shorter than the radical, with similar indument; flowers solitary, more rarely 2 or 3 in a tight group, erect; calyx campanulate, 7-14 mm long at anthesis, markedly inflated in fruit, with blackish longitudinal stripes, densely glandular -pubescent; corolla white; petals notched, one-third longer than calyx; seeds narrow-rounded, scarcely wrinkled. July— August. (Plate XLIV, Figure 1). 547 720 721 Dry clayey, clay-and-sand, and sometimes moderately moist mossy tundras.— Arctic: Nov. Z. (Novaya Zemlya at 74.5°N.), Arc. Sib. (to the east of Yenisei, in isolation on Vaigach Island and the Arctic Urals), An. Gen.distr.: Arc., Ber.,N. Am. Described from Greenland. Type in Denmark. Note. A variety occurring over a considerable part of the distribution area, Side by side with the typical form, is var.macranthum A. Tolm. which is characterized by its enlarged calyx (somewhat inflated even at anthesis) and larger flowers. An additional variety found in Taimyr is var.caespitosum A. Tolm. which forms larger compact mats and more numerous flowers (2 or 3) irrespective of the small size of the plant. 22. M.angustiflorum (Rupr.) Walp. Annal. I (1848—49) 93.— Wahlber - gella angustiflora Rupr. Fl. samojed. cisur. (1845) 24.- Gastero- lychnis angustiflora’ Rupr., ibid. 24.— W.vel'G: Vahlii Rupr, ibid, 24.— W.affinis Fries, Summa veg. Scand., I (1846) 155.— Melandryum involucratum @ angustiflorum Rohrb.in Linnaea, XXXVI (1869—70) 216.— M.affine angustiflorum A. Tolm. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Se. XXIV (1932) 258.— M.affine Kryl. Fl. Zaps sib. V, 1078, non J) Vahl acs; holm ier ctieera. Perennial; stems erect, rather densely covered with short pale hairs, 8—25 cm long; narrow, rather densely pubescent, the radical 2—4cm long and not more than 3—4 mmbroad, sometimes slightly enlarged near apex, the cauline 2 or 3 pairs, linear, the lower as long as or longer than the radical; flowers solitary, erect, more rarely in tight groups of 2 or 3; calyx narrowly campanulate, dark-striped, 9-12 mm long at anthesis, both calyx and pedicel densely covered with short glandular hairs; corolla narrow; petals white, more rarely roseate, exceeding calyx by one-third, shallowly notched; seeds narrow-rounded, very scarcely wrinkled. July. (Plate XLIV, Figure 3). Slopes and dry exposed tundra sites, mostly on sandy ground.— Arctic: Arc. Eur. (Kanin, Kolguev, Pripecherskie tundras), Arc. Sib. (West of Yenisei). Gen. distr.: Scand. (border between Finmarken and Swedish Lapland). Described from Kolguev Island. Type in Leningrad. Note. Markedly different in its typical form from M.affine J. Vahl, M.angustiflorum is linked to that species by a transitional form, var.intermedium A. Tolm. which has normally two pairs of stem leaves, while flower shape is intermediate between the two species. This variety occurs in Yugorski Shar, and generally on Pai-Khoi, but mainly in the Gidanskaya Tundra, i.e., in locations situated between the main part of the distribution area of M.angustiflorum and the area occupied by M.affine. 23. M.tenellum Tolm.comb.nova.— Melandryum affine tenellum A. Tolm. Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc., XXIV (1932) 258—260. Perennial; stems erect, slender, scarcely pubescent, 20—40 cm long; leaves slightly pubescent, narrow, the radical linear-oblanceolate, 2.5—5 cm long and to 2—5 mm broad, the cauline 2 or 3 pairs, the lowest pair often longer than the radical; flowers 2 or 3 together, erect; calyx narrowly 548 122 campanulate, glandular pubescent, with grayish-green or blackish stripes, 9—12 mm long at anthesis, somewhat inflated in fruit; corolla narrow, white or pale rose, Slightly exceeding calyx; petals strongly cleft; seeds narrow-rounded, scarcely wrinkled. June— July. (Plate XLIV, Figure 4), Turfy slopes in forest-tundra and in northern part of the forest belt. — Arctic: Arc. Sib. (lower reaches of the Yenisei, up to 70°N., Boganid, lower reaches of the Lena, up to 71°, lower reaches of the Kolyma); E. Siberia: Yen. (north of Lower Tunguska), Lena-Kol. (to the north of the Arctic Circle, in places between the Lena and Amga rivers). Endemic. Described from the forest-tundras in the Yenisei area. Type in Leningrad. 24, M. gracile Tolm.in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. XXIV (1932) 261—262. — Wahlbergella gracilis Tolm.inlitt.—? M.brachypetalum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 327 (nota). — Ic.: Tolm., l.c., fig. 6. Perennial; stems erect, slender, 20—50cm long, glabrate; radical leaves suboval or elongate-obovate, commonly 2—2.5cm long and to 8mm broad, subacuminate; cauline leaves 2 or 3 pairs, narrower, the lower much longer than the radical, with pubescent margin; flowers solitary or else 2 or 3, erect; calyx narrow, dark-striped, sparsely glandular -hairy, 8-10 mm long at anthesis; corolla white, one and a half times as long as calyx; petals deeply cleft. June — July. E. Siberia: Yenis. (Middle reaches of the Lower Tunguska, Chunya River — tributary of the Podkamennaya Tunguska), Lena-Kol. (Central Yakutia), Dau. (Barguzin River). Endemic. Described from Central Yakutia. Type in Leningrad. Note. The typical form of this species occurs in Central Yakutia. A variety, var.Korotkyi A. Tolm., which occurs in the Yenisei basin, Barguzin district,and in the northern circuit of the Lena-Vilyui basin, differs inits muchlonger stem leaves, up to 6-9cm long and 5—9 mm broad. 25. M.taimyrense Tolm. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. XXIV (1932) 264. — Wi hwiiertovedslkavatialimay rie ns sud olmain) litt. les: Lolims; 1). es figs 7. Perennial; stems erect, white-hairy, 16—25cm long; leaves linear, to 6cm long and not more than 4mm broad, subobtuse, the radical and cauline alike; flowers 2—4, rarely solitary, erect; calyx covered with glandular white hairs; corolla white or rosy-white, scarcely exserted; seeds small, wrinkled, wingless, obscurely tuberculate. July—August. Dry tundra slopes.— Arctic: Arc. Sib. (E. part of Taimyr). Endemic. Described from the Taimyr Peninsula. Type in Leningrad. 26. M. brachypetalum (Horn.) Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 326; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1076.— M.songaricum Fisch. et Mey. in Suppl. ad. Ind. IX sem. Horti Petrop. (1844) 14; Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1860) 155.— Lychnis brachypetala Horn. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. (1819) 51.— Wahlbergella brachypetala Freyn in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV (1895) 266. Perennial; stems erect or slightly curved at the nodes, rather densely covered with pale hairs, 12—70 cm long; leaves elongate-lanceolate, acuminate; radical and lower cauline often strongly tapering in basal part, covered with short white hairs, with ciliolate margin, the radical 2—9 cm long and 3—10 mm broad; cauline 3—5 pairs, the lowest pairs equaling or slightly larger than the radical, other pairs progressively decreasing in size; flowers 2—6, borne more or less closely at the summit of the stem, erect or 549 723 deflexed at anthesis; pedicels 10—14mm long; calyx narrowly campanulate, with dingy-green longitudinal stripes, densely covered with short white hairs, accrescent in fruit and then to 18mm long and much inflated; corolla white or pale rose, as long as calyx or scarcely exserted; petals rather shallowly notched; seeds small, wingless, distinctly tuberculate. June— July. (Plate XLIV, Figure 7). Dry places, slopes and pebble deposits of the subalpine zone, more rarely in the alpine zone and in riverside lowlands. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Kamch. (Kamchatka River valley), Ze.-Bu., Uss.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Chi. (Manch.). Origin unknown. Type in Denmark ? Note. This species displays in the USSR almost fully consistent characters. Larger specimens that occur in various places tend to branch in upper part of the stem. The flowers of such specimens may be to 10mm long. A characteristic deviation from the norm occurs in plants from Ussuri Territory, as they have broader leaves, while the indument on the lower part of the plant consists of rather longer hairs. 27. M.baicalense (Suk.) Tolm. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Ac. Sc. XXIV (1932) 265.— Lychnis brachypetala var. baicalensis Sukatsch. in sched. Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac.Sc.— Wahlbergella baicalensis Tolm. in litt. — Gastrolychnis baicalensis Schischk. in sched.— Ic.: Tolm.,l.c., fig. 8. Perennial; stems erect, rather densely white-pubescent, 20—35 cm long; leaves elongate-lanceolate, subacuminate, rather densely covered with short pale hairs, with ciliate margin; radical 3.5—5 cm long and 5—10 mm broad; cauline commonly 3 pairs, more elongated, the lowest pair somewhat larger than the radical, the upper pairs smaller and much narrower; flowers 3—5, exceptionally solitary, in a rather dense group at the summit of the stem, nodding at anthesis; calyx lilac-toothed, oblong-campanulate at anthesis, 12—15 mm long, inflated in fruit, the calyx and pedicel covered with short pale hairs; corolla roseate, as long as calyx or Slightly exserted; Senne small, *wingless, tuberculate. June— July. Shores of Lake Baikal. — E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (N. E. shore of Lake Baikal). Endemic. Described from the shores of Lake Baikal. Type in Leningrad. 28. M. saxatile (Turcz.) A. Br. in Flora (1843) 371.— Lychnis Sasxcatiinws Turez.in Bischiet Mey ind. semi: Petropayit (1835) 32; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 330.— Agrostemma saxatile Don ex Steud. Nomencl., Il (1841) 81.— Wahlbergella saxatilis Tolm. in litt. Perennial; stems erect, Sometimes branched in upper part, 25—40 cm long, covered with pale farinose indument; leaves only cauline in mature specimens, 4—6 pairs, the lower ovate-lanceolate, subacuminate, 4—9 cm long and 1—2 cm broad, the upper smaller and narrower, lanceolate to linear -lanceolate, farinaceous; flowers 3—8, at the Summit of the stem in terminal groups of 3 and solitary lower down; calyx 11—13 mm long at anthesis, tubular -campanulate, green-striped, covered with short pale hairs, strongly inflated in fruit and widely expanded; corolla white, one-third longer than calyx; petals 2-fid; seeds relatively large, wingless, tuberculate. June— July. (Plate XLIV, Figure 8). 550 724 E. Siberia: Dau. (Shilka River). Described from the Shilka River. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species occupies a unique position within the subgenus both in aspect and in component characters. Here one may mention the prompt wilting of radical leaves combined with the strong development of stem leaves, a feature which markedly affects the general appearance of the plant. The shape modification of the fruiting calyx also takes a different course: the inflation of the calyx, while characteristic of the whole subgenus, largely involves in other species the lower part of the calyx which thus becomes saccate, while in M.saxatile the fruiting calyx is widely expanded and acquires open campanulate shape. Subgenus 3. EUMELANDRIUM (A. Br.) Schischk.— Sect. Eumelandrium A. Br.in Flora XXVI (1843) 371.— Plants dioecious; petals one and a half to twice as long as calyx. Biennials or rarely perennials or annuals. 29. M. silvestre (Schkuhr) Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. ed. I (1812) 274; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 327; Shishk. in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 280; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1079.— Lychnis dioica L.Sp. pl. (1753) 437, ex parte.— L.dioica Brubra Weigel, Fl. Pom.-Rub. (1769) 85.— Lychnis silvestris Schkuhr, Handb. I (1791) 403, t. 124; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,145.— L.diurna Sibth. Fl. Oxon. (1794) 145. — Saponaria diurna Fenzl in Endl. Gen. (1841) 974.— Melandryum diurnum Fries in Bot. Notis. (1842) 170.— ? M.caspium Grun. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XL, 4 (1867) 407.— M. pur - pureum Rupr. Fl. Ingr.I (1860) 160.— M.dioicum Simonkai, Enum. Fl. Transs. (1886) 129.— Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, t. 304, f.5126; Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, Big. 314. — Exs.: HER ‘no. 360. Biennial; stems solitary, erect or at base ascending, covered with rather long soft hairs, 40-100 cm long; leaves ovate or oblong, 5.0—7.5 cm long and and 1.5—3.0cm broad, acute; radical with petiole equaling or longer than blade; cauline sessile, pubescent on both surfaces, with ciliate margin; inflorescence a cyme, at first contracted, finally lax; pedicels commonly shorter than calyx, often elongating in fruit; calyx ca. 10mm long, with triangular-ovate acute teeth; fruiting calyx usually tightly enclosing capsule; petals bright red or light purple, inodorous, twice as long as calyx, the claw glabrous; capsule subsessile, globular -ovoid, dehiscing by 10 equidistant reflexed teeth; seeds black, sharply tuberculate. June—July. Woods, meadows, near fields and dwellings, gardens, and occasionally among crops.— European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Ilm., Dv.-Pech., U. Dnp., Mi inpa Us V..,(Crim. (in gardens); Caucasus: W.Transc.; W. Siberia: Ob, Irt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Gen.distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., N. Am. (introduced). Described from Germany. Note. It has not been possible to ascertain what exactly signifies M.caspium Grun., as no authentics have been found in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute. Neither did more recent collections from the Baku area include any representatives of the genus Melandrium with red petals. 30. M.balansae Boiss. Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 109; Som. et Lev. in A.H. P. XVI (1900) 77; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 417; Shishk., Sorn. rast. SSSR II, 202. 551 725 726 Biennial; stems 50—90cm long, arising laterally from the basal rosette, puberulent as are the leaves; leaves obovate or oblong, 4—7 cm long and 1.5—3 cm broad, acute, the basal tapering to fairly long petiole, the cauline sessile; flowers solitary, the plants dioecious; inflorescence at first rather compact, finally more loose; pedicels commonly as long as calyx, elongating in fruit; calyx glandular-viscid and covered with simple patulous hairs, 12—20 mm long, in staminate flowers tubular-campanulate, in pistillate flowers ovoid; fruiting calyx not inflated, tightly enclosingthe capsule; capsule ovoid, with 10 erect teeth. June—July. Open woods, wood margins, coppices, field borders, and roadsides. — Caucasus: Gr. Cauc. (W. part), W. Transc. Gen. distr.: Lazistan. Described from Lazistan (Rize). Type in Geneva. Economic importance. Of low value as forage plant; avoided by livestock. 31. M. album (Mill.) Garcke, Fl. Deutschl. 4 Aufl. (1858) 55; Shishk.in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 281; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1074.— Lychnis dioica B et y L.Sp. pl. (1753) 436.— Lychnis alba Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) no.4.— L.arvensis Schkuhr, Handb.1(1791) 403.— L.vespertina Sibth. Fl. Oxon. (1794) 146.— Melandryum pratense Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. 2. Aufl. 1 (1812) 274; Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 327. — Saponaria vesipertinag Fenzl in Endl. Gen. (1841) 974.— Melandryum vespertinum Fries in Bot. Notis. (1842) 170.— M.dioicum Coss. et Germ. Fl. Par. ed.I (1845) 28.—Ic.: Sorn. rast. SSSR II, Fig. 157. Annual or biennial; stem pubescent in lower part, covered above with soft glandular hairs, erect, branched, 40—100 cm long; lower leaves elliptic, petiolate; upper leaves sessile, acuminate, 4—5 cm long and 1—2.5 cm broad; flowers unisexual, the plants dioecious; inflorescence rather compact at first, becoming looser; calyx glandular-viscid and covered with simple patulous hairs, 15—20mm long, in staminate flowers tubular-campanulate, 10-nerved, in pistillate flowers broad-ovoid, 20-nerved; fruiting calyx inflated at the middle, attenuate at summit; petals white; limb deeply 2-fid; coronal scales to 2mm long; capsule ovoid, with 10 erect teeth, 1.5cm long and 1.2—1.5cm broad; seeds reniform, 1.5mm long and 1 mm broad, grayish, covered with concentrically arranged stellete-based tubercles. June—August. Meadows, fallows, canal banks, gardens, and among spring crops. — Nearly all European part, except Arctic; Caucasus: Cisc.; W.and E. Siberia: except the alpine zone; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen, distr.: nearly all W. Eur., Mong., N. Am. (introduced), Greenland. 32. M. boissieri Schischk. in Fl. Tphilisiensis I (1925) 205.— M.diva- ricatum Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 328,non Lychnis divaricata Rchb. (1826). — Lychnis macrocarpa Cosson in Bull. Soc. bot. France Ill (1856)23.-Melandryum macrocarpum Ot. Supery ex Boiss. Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 660, non Wilk.— M. pratense f capsula elongata Boiss., 1. c. (1867). Biennial or perennial; stem 40—80cm long, pubescent, forked at summit; lower leaves petiolate, ovate, 3—7 cm long and 2—3 cm broad; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; inflorescence a rather loose cyme; flowers solitary; plants dioecious; calyx in staminate flowers inflated, 14-15 mm long and 5—7 mm broad, in pistillate flowers 15—16 mm long; fruiting calyx 552 729 to 25mm long and 16 mm broad, widely expanded, not attenuate; petals white; limb deeply 2-lobed; coronal scales oblong, to 2mm long; capsule pyriform, dehiscing by 10 reflexed teeth, 17mm long and 9mm broad. June—August. Scrub and turfy slopes. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: E. and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran (?). Described from Transcaucasia (Baku ? Lenkoran?). Type in Tbilisi. 33. M.astrachanicum Pacz.in Zap. Kievsk. Obshch. Estestv. XII, 1 (1892) 107.— M.album var.astrachanicum Schischk.in Fl. Austroorientis URSS IV (1930) 281. Perennial or biennial; stem pubescent, 12—40 cm long, erect, branched; lower leaves oblong, petiolate, middle cauline leaves lanceolate to narrowly lance-ovate, 3—3.5 cm long and 5—7 mm broad; flowers solitary in a loose inflorescence; plants dioecious; calyx ca. 10—15 mm long, covered with simple (not glandular) hairs; fruiting calyx somewhat inflated; petals white; limb deeply 2-fid, coronate; capsule ovoid, with spreading or reflexed teeth. April—May. Wettish meadows and slopes. — European part: L. V. Endemic. Described from the environs of Astakhan and Krasny Yar. Type in Leningrad. Genus 491. PETROCOMA * RUPR.** Rupr. Fl. Cauc. I (1869) 200. Flowers perfect; calyx tubular; petals with 2-fid limb; stamens 10; styles 3; capsule subglobose, unilocular. Perennial herbs; stems decumbent, mostly numerous; leaves rather small, opposite; seeds black, shining, very slightly inflated, prominently ridged near the hilum. 1. P. hoefftiana(Fisch.) Rupr. Fl. Cauc. in Mém. 1'Acad. Imp. des Sc. de Pétersb.VII Sér.V (1869) 200; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 415.—Silene hoeffti- ana Fisch. in C. A.M. Verzeichn. Cauc. (1831) 215; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 654; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 139. — Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI (1844) f. 5021. Perennial, woolly-pubescent anddensely covered with patulous white hairs; stems profusely branched, procumbent, 20—25 cm long; leaves ovate, acute, 1—3cm long and 5—25 mm broad, short-petioled, the lower lanceolaté, with longer petiole; flowers solitary or in few-flowered cymes; pedicels equaling or shorter than calyx; calyx tubular, enlarged at summit, more or less inflated in fruit, 9-10mm long and 3 mm broad, heavily pubescent, with ovate obtuse teeth; petals white, with linear-cuneate 2-lobed limb, ecoronate. July. (Plate XLV, Figure 6). Shaded rocks in the alpine zone. — Caucasus: Cisc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus, from the Berezovka River near Kislovodsk. Type in Leningrad. * Treatment by S.G. Gorshkova. * From Greek petra,rock, and comao, densely covered with leaves, as the plants form a dense cover on rocks, 553 (727) , portion of flower. — PLATE XLV, 1. Viscaria viscosa (Scop.) Aschers. — 2. V. alpina (L.) G. Don. 3, Velezia rigida L.—4, Lychnis chalcedonica L., pistil, stamen.— 5. Cucubalus bacifer L. — 6.Petrocoma hoefftiana (Fisch.) Rupr. —-7.Melandrium akinfievii (Schmalh.) Schischk. 554 L. Sp. pl. (1753) 414. Flowers perfect, pendulous, in cymes; calyx short-campanulate, with 5 large teeth, more or less inflated in fruit; petals 5, 2-lobed, gradually narrowing toward base; stamens 10; styles 3; fruit globose, sessile, 1-celled. Perennial plants, short-hairy, with a long profusely branched stem; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. 1. C. baccifer L. Sp. pl. (1753) 414; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 333; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 143; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 205; Shiskin in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 295; Grossg. Fl. Kavk. II, 417; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1083.— Silene baccifera L.Sp. pl.ed.II (1762) 700.— Cucubalus baccifer var. japonicus Mig. Prol. fl. Japon. (1866—67) 142; Kom. and Alis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. 1, 149. — Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost., 1.c., and Alis.,lc.; Kom., tab. 149, f.1V (var.japonicus).— Exs.: Herb. normale edit. ab 1. Dorfler no. 4834; Dr. A. v. Hayek. Fl. stiriaca exs.no. 620 et no. 621; Fl. Gall. et Germ. exs. de Billot no. 1432; Fl. Gall. et Germ. exs. no. 620. Perennial; stem 50—200cm long, ascending or decumbent, branched; branches opposite, spreading, 5—15cm long; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acute, entire, 1.5—9cm long and 0.5—3 cm broad, short-petioled; flowers solitary, axillary, in rather loose leafy inflorescences; calyx yellowish-green, short-campanulate, 8-15 mm long and 4—6 mm broad, herbaceous, with ovate-triangular acute teeth; petals greenish-white, narrow. June—August. (Plate XLV, Figure 5). Damp places among shrubs, shady woods, gardens, and shores of rivers and meadow banks. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., Ve pip.. Vio-Don, Transvy,.,.5)., Crim.; 1. Don. lk. Vez Caucasus: Cisc., Dag. W.and FE. Transc.; W. Siberia: U. Tob.; Far East: Uss.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Iran, Ind.-Him., Jap.-Chi. Described from Europe. Type in London. Tribe 2. DIANTHEAE Pax in Engl. Pflzr.1 Aufl. III, 1 B (1889) 74.- Caryo- phyllaceae Subdiv. Diantheae Rchb. Handb. (1837) 298.— Sileneae Trib. Diantheae A. Br.in Flora XXXVI (1843) 377. — Styles 2; fruit a capsule, many-seeded or else 1- or 2-seeded, dehiscing apically by teeth or valves or splitting transversely; calyx without commisural nerves; corolla contorted to the right or imbricate in bud. Key to Genera bec Calyx inflated at base, strongly contracted at summit, prominently d-angled, the angles expanded into wings; capsule incompletely MOC Ok oi. a aah Gukntbes b emidey, a ay aPrdapiatede 497. Vaccaria Medic. a: Calyx tubular or campanulate, very rarely somewhat inflated, mA NES Seam SITS TAN O CUM Jie. kale ood BU ras aes fae ear Id ye! b> 2. 2. Calyx subtended by 1—3(4) pairs of scalelike bracts; seeds flat, EAS ST NN eo Bie 2 Ue Roig os ok chen oin Vee, wreorigs ahebrivete be « 3. ts Calyx ebracteate; seeds commonly FENnifOrm pe. ewes ca) (svsrter mh oie 5D. * Treatment by S.G. Gorshkova. ** Distortion of cacobolus, from Greek cacos, bad, wrong, and bolos, stroke. 35D tod 132 Be Calyx teeth acute, very rarely (in D.polymorphus M.B.) obtuse; petal limb usually dentate or fringed, very rarely EN CUEILIOTSI ON CeO en DANEEL pe nee Wer CR PDY ie at SEES AM MS rea eh rR 498. Dianthus L. te Calyx teethy obtuselaiad iis oc beds ie Wee hopsce een eee eee Ai 4. Flowers long-pediceled, in a loose inflorescence; petals ROSCA Gately Span say stthpie, oS) aa heey eee 494. Tunica Scop. ke Flowers sessile, in a compact head; petals reddish-lilac ......... OE Nee Ae) Oa Ned vee ime vahs. clas Oe hs chalk at eae 495. Kohlrauschia Kunth. 513 Capsule membranous in lower part, 1- or 2-seeded, irregularly circumscissile; leaves often subulate-spinescent; plants commonly Sphemical— DUS lee: te take cecil get aca nei. 496. Acanthophyllum C. A. M. 1 Capsule many-seeded, dehiscing apically by 4 teeth; leaves not spinescent, ((¢. faGy pis: (pio p 0 vad) |Preobr..) :vkaa) ui Ph. ae cee 6. 6. Calyx narrowly cylindric, prominently 15-nerved, with 5 subulate teeth; petals long-clawed; limb very small, 2-lobed, with few hairs atibase: flowers SuljseSSuley joy ona cheus Co. seas ye 500. Velezia L. a Calyx campanulate or tubular, 5-nerved or obscurely many- nerved; petals glabrous atbase or coronate..........+..+.5:5. (3 econronate, Sradually tapemine to thle Claw: oss. ses ene 8. + Calyx not membranous between the nerves; petals commonly coronate, abruptly contractedintothe claw ..... 499. Saponaria L. 8. Calyx elongate-campanulate, 5-ribbed; seeds discoid, centrally FUBUACTUC Ce auch chan! chi bepr s fucm «so abo on te keene es Ree) asain ee ome sae mee 494. Tunica Scop. a0 Calyx campanulate, ribless; seeds reniform, laterally attached ..... - se RES aaa PRR eR ORIN SpaMe = MOON ATER, Fie 493. Gypsophila L. Genus 493. GYPSOPHILA * L. L. Nov. pl. gen. (1751) 41; Sp. pl. (1753) 406. Calyx campanulate, obconic-tubular or (rarely) cylindric, 5-toothed or deeply 5-parted, 5-nerved, membranous between the nerves; petals 5, white, pink, or purple, entire or deeply 2-fid, the limb gradually or (rarely) abruptly attenuate to the claw; stamens 10; styles 2; capsule unilocular, globose or ovoid, rarely oblong, dehiscing to the middle or beyond into 4 valves; seeds reniform or rounded-reniform. Perennials or annuals, more rarely undershrubs, with sessile leaves. ike Plants very densely pulvinate; leaves imbricate,1—2mm long... 2. Plants different from. abovey Wii... 1 See ce es eee 3. 2. Flowers on flowering shoots usually solitary; calyx 2—3 mm long, with obtuse teeth; petals entire, ca.4mm.long....:...2.. 5% REARS swodemalsec nel ©: MO8 STEAM LEE) Fee ED SE ett Be 9. G. aretioides Boiss. ats Flowers on flowering shoot 1—4; calyx 3.5mm long, with acutish teeth; petals notched,ca.7mm long....... 10. G.imbricata Rupr. BE POC STADA TS HERE, Et BR TINE Biome AP Lat Barc ANA MMO Um oie eal cena na 4. °F MANTUA ye be te otal foots, ta belt Mera he ie PRC Rae SNR ERD SPACE OW, re acta tee 58. 4. Leaves subulate, sharply spinous’ ..)...... 59. G. popovii Preobr. 15 LeavesneVer SPINROWS). eicj pie Nate he tees tae ee lk 5. * From gypsos, gypsum, and philos, loving, literally gypsum-lover. 556 Jiggy 12. Lee Flowers short-pediceled, in a dense spherical head; scarious bracts present at the base of the head and between individual PU OWREIES “A A oaths Pat achat lon bu blinwts Von DEI anny Rene Seal ke ens te eae 6. Flowers usually long-pediceled, in a corymbose or paniculate inflorescence; more rarely flowers solitary or in 2's or 3's or,if flowers in a head, then this without scarious bracts ...... 9. Pedicels and often calyx glandular-pubescent .............. ie Pedicelssand calyx alabrouss (2) SP. oe aes 11. G. capitata M. B. Petals roseate or rose-purple; calyx,glandular-pubescent ........ RRA Re Re A ARNON: AEE al ey gh 14. G. cappadocica Boiss. et Bal. Retalomiynikec calyx olabrmouse © ee ete ee ele re oes wth, 8. Stem glandular-puberulent from the middle; bracts oblong, acuminate; flower heads 5—12 mm in diameter; calyx teeth entire, ODWOE Spe irs Aaa ae ek ark ark ae tied snd ts A och Bu al he 12. G. glomerata Pall. Stem viscid-glandular only just below the inflorescence; bracts obovate, erose-dentate at the rounded apex; calyx teeth unequally AMNCUS COAG FeLHSS | LAVA te PDR RG 13. G. globulosa Stev. Stems procumbent or ascending, to 80cm long; leaves 1—2 cm broad; calyx 2—3 mm long; plants of solonetz meadow ....... 10. Stems erect, rarely procumbent and then leaves small and but Tse) LUQMOT COTE ORCL at Ie ee de ica Ra ae lg noe ok oa rd ak in Plants glabrous in lower part, glandular-pubescent in forks of MME SSCOMES ht Wi Penn elidel s ee ce Ne 37. G. scorzonerifolia Ser. Plants densely pubescent in lower half, glabrous in the HIRUTIIG IE SS CSUN Seek a cai Ma tunes Sod aa irr rk itn, Fuciu ae hae Mir ira Ii ear arias i Hanh let Pedicels equaling or one and a half times to twice as long as Calves Stalks POSEALE Te). oe. eer ee ai 38. G.anatolica Boiss. et Heldr. Pedicels capillary, 3—6 times as long as calyx; petals dark red..... “iis cecal a Mr ia ia a FM at a al ee ca a ae 36. G.trichotoma Wend. High-mountain plants 5—15 cm high, growing on rocks and stony slopes, mostly heavily pubescent, very rarely glabrous; stems trailing or more rarely erect, densely leafy; petals purple-tinged; leaves mostly small (to 15mm long and 1—3mm broad) ....... 1S Taller plants with erect stems or,if plants low, then differing in OlLMetRChaTcalelSwsSia ee tytn Pes A Ay Aa Bi Me EAE SE ste Na re Ot cigs ck ae at aes 20. Galyxa Ze — se OMIM VOLO ps See ree eee kot ct ME OM Rte at GN eet ote ay a 14. CAVE OETA LOE eas, eee eee Re he hy Meee TEN nee: theta Serta! IkB). Plant glabrous throughout; calyx 2.5—3 mm long; ovules TU Ghana L0 Ne Rai SUP ER haha eA ae ye me oie eo bela 6. G.turkestanica Schischk. Plant pubescent throughout; calyx 3—3.5 mm long; ovules Til De 72 a ace a 5. G. microphylla (Schrenk) Fenzl. Pedicels 0.5—1.5 mm long; inflorescence capitate; calyx cut to one=fiftheor one-fourth yee es Oo ee oan tow ene se ce? o,f Ge Pedicels 3—20 mm long; inflorescence loose; calyx cut to the HAA CMOR OS VKOM Gs ene ee eke Pewee ANA OMe ee Pee hee ee aes ANG. Hairs in inflorescence glandular; leaves linear, 0.5—1mm broad? Homers Gdark™purple’ Wes... te 8. G. antoninae Schischk. Hairs in inflorescence simple; leaves spatulate, 1—3 mm broad; MOWeELS EWES ste emcee ata: suelo te ue at eit 7. G. herniarioides Boiss. Leaves linear-subulate, cuneate toward base, with revolute Mmanroins,.ca. | mm broad 3... si. - 4, G.desertorum (Bge.) Fenzl. 55/1] 734 23. 24. Leaves { at, elliptic or lance-linear, 2—3 mm bROaGd asa) euRereed Us uke 1am Ovary 24-ovuled. Plants of S.W. Transcaucasia .........+.... 4 SOUR alae Toca as gn NN Atl ae LR MRR LER Nin Rb ech 1. G. glandulosa Boiss, | Ovary 14—16-ovuled. Plants of Siberia and Far Hast ........ 195 Stems trailing, 20—30cm long; pedicels 14—20mm long; seeds muricate.! Plants of the Altai-Sayany FEPION 4) .0.05 1) .). GP. bee 6 Re Re a SRN he Me Mena aba) Falk Meat cl CT ak ae ee ee 3. G. sericea (Ser.) Fenzl. Stems ascending, 5—10cm long; pedicels 5-10 mm long; seeds finely striate. Plants of the Far East... 2. G.violacea (Ldb.) Fenzl. Rooismuberous, (Centra Asia’) s °.. e e ee 2 ape ee 219 Roots not tuberous 2.04. o 6s Ryde aisles -eck eke ee pepe ee 22. Calkyxcyo mami Lone Toy yeaa dia ashley ss Plah bprey Gh Cex ge 58. G.intricata Franch, Calysq i — MO kaa MONG Rel in LN Gh abs te fone oleae 57. G.bucharica B. Fedtsch. Plants covered in the inflorescence with simple or glandular hairs (these sometimes inconspicuous and confined to the inflorescence branches) or plant heavily pubescent throughout ........... 23. Plants talways slabrous throughout. «5. .) = = -seusie) ted aiecunberers tine 42. Calyx covered with long simple as well as glandular hairs .... 24, Calyx slabRmous OF farinOSe Vic aic ~viyesi- feyee- boner ey) Een 29. Calyx 4—7 mm long, covered at least in upper part with long patulous’ Simple or glandular Hairs... .0. . oyspomal- nt gee dee 25. Cally x22-Aemm olOng ?) iy. .; ley sue. Sreaniey we eyieesd “ery sapien saith hea See 26. Stem 30—40cm long, glabrous in lower part, covered above with long patulous hairs; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 0.7—1.5 cm broad; | calyx covered with simple hairs; petals yellowish-white ......... | Eee a A aa oust “ad icc eox iy Sp bah apie Heo aia pacel estas ena 55. G. hispida Boiss. Stems 40—80cm long; long-hairy from base; leaves 1—3 cm broad; calyx clandular-—hairy;, petals Troseate 6. hd sen nae ae Calyoqi2i—2),5) Ma OMG yp io4(c sian Gils vole HORA RS pent ke hice eee 27. Calypc. 315-4. my Lome |ay eis sis avaasl a) eae ee oe oe al fs pak Se ee 28. Calyx densely covered with stiff simple hairs; leaves linear, 055d yom brOad: wld: ae Cum aire Be a8 ue *31. G. eriocalyx Boiss. Calyx covered with glandular hairs; leaves oblong-elliptic or llanceollatesio—2 Osnaim pizOaG ian. seit ena) Semone 39. G.yorae Woron. Stems forking from base, 15—20 cm long, glabrous in lower part; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,2—6mm broad ........... CU as aM thaeauel cb pawl nile ada ie eid rs bee a's oa skate a aa aa ag 35. G. glauca Stev. Stems 70—80cm long, with ascending branches, densely glandular- pubescent from base; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2.5—4cm broad ..... Saat NN Pp deck WRLGGH ected ODS Shoes ces oe cataheaiy seas ee 40. G. robusta Grossh. Imeavie's; 1=-2..5 MIM DKOAG, ...., 5. sowshseue upesy ke weveeys Heb Legis epee 30. Heavies: s—2 0) nim vbROa wii). Vice eice | args bacnce Camere eae EN eh ee 33% @allvoc Cai 2pm LOMO? 47 x5 -.h< tara va ngeteer ds vauqiedlopersoy Tees Gla) Caen 31. @alyscia 4... 5 WM, LONG.) oie jailie cal ail lea Ge. oe sae a Se EN eee 32. PREG GELS 26 Fa OTIS ae a Sait a pls Baste ate oe ea 15. G. fastigiata L. Pedieels, filaform, 8—20mm long: i.25..0. +. cf pbk meen eee eee eee Se MUN open boii cM ch ie clon Sas ice Uda a 28. G.szowitsii Fisch. et Mey. Stems 5—20cm long; pedieat leaves 1—5 cm long; inflorescence CORV IMD ION Maye) oles: Shay cated Siglo Nestea lia ee 43. G.uralensis Less. 558 735 42. 43. 44. 45. Stems 30—50cm long; radical leaves 5—15 cm long; inflorescence Pawoullare tv. eed aienke Ma why «latent HOR Gk laS4I a 34. G. meyeri Rupr. Flowers in a dense, mostly solitary head. High-mountain plants GieAital and (Centr iAkisial Huy se. \2 24. G. cephalotes (Schrenk) Will. Flowers in a loose inflorescence or, if crowded in a head, then NBO SS US ASR) Si se be dev) ge oi hela ME Ae a Ae Neos eee ce eRe 34. Pabypee Wao 2 ee TOMS i ee eee hive bil Cat Meh n a a hek ald ah spade ed se 35. eM eera ea Ae NT NEOMN eae) se ley ey oe chs. ay ay ay Hy wi, ebay al fs aye Ley yinnatyin s » + 41. Pedicels filiform, 10—20mm long .... 27. G.diffusa Fisch. et Mey. Redicelsa2 Gnim WOnep eis sis. telat eis ceaialm op brie eeeerarlen ss 36. Calyx 1.5—2 mm long; leaves obtuse; ovary containing 4—12(14) CAT SETS ae PSL eens OMe OWE Mek aes ot Pathe ATES Rivets 2 ar Wlapede as 37. Calyx 2.5—3 mm long; leaves acute; ovary containing 14 or 15 SILL SkS Sg ene aaa tM cla ae kv Uy hg i Aiea hod a baie ox Ree ie as) eae 40. Leaves 3—4 mm broad; plants with numerous densely leafy Stemile radical Shootsmie iy wis amet is aie Lye 22. G. litwinowii K.-Pol. Leaves commonly broad; plants without such radical shoots .... 38. Pedicels 5—8 mm long; inflorescence loose; ovary 4—6-ovuled ..... ESE Les ene eke Se Rinevie Ga RETS: Bre 22. G.krascheninnikovii Schischk. Pedicels 2—5 mm long; inflorescence more or less compact; OVegyAGLGrOvibedey, Girt) ay5 Ses. fete eid Valavin. el ares tie s wv) a as 3 « 39. Capsule broad-ovoid, 3—3.5mm long; seeds striate, without mperclesi ee. myst tee Aeyine 21. G.tianschanica M. Pop. et Schischk. Capsule slobose)2—21o mm long ;'seedsimuricate! fj eyeyliee eis see we BaD Fe Gah WISTS OEE. HO EIA PLAN, Pau HSA a soar oy celiac 20. G.altissima L. Calyxdensely whitish-farinose; leaves to’ l’cm broadPiia:. se .). + 2: . BREW AL ters ck SOME RISE oe ATL TUR ee Ls SEE bi tad srs cd 26. G.albida Schischk. Calyx not farinose; leaves 4—7mm broad... .19. G.ucrainica Kleop. Leaves 3—10mm broad, lanceolate to lance-linear, 3-veined; flowers in corymbs forming a panicle; calyx 3.5mm long ......... ERERNS TE ie shes, acs ak coy os A ay oacs oy Balch ty, tp lee MENA GOLA! aes 32. G.acutifolia Fisch. Leaves 1—3 mm broad, linear, 1-veined; flowers not disposed in MVNO L sF Uae nena cer oye: Ate Be otinele d 33. G. stevenii Fisch. Pedicels 1—3 mm long, flowers in a dense subcapitate IMM ORE SCenGer wre. waar (ah rosdeeele amr saci reise: & arate hey. 43. RedicelsWonseryiniloresicences loose vic wal: <5 lsu w ls jepson es + 45. Short leafy shoots always present in the axils of stem leaves. Plants of the S. regions of the European part of the USSR......... PVR Gunes: VLOG TaoE Alesse Aarne mae 6 17. G.dichotoma Bess. Leafy axillary shoots wanting. Plants of Soviet Central Asia and Siloeiila: BV) a Iae wth. LM - Be edt ey Reo eter, wih Gute re mibisdim, tose 5 44, Stem 6—15cm long, simple or rarely with 1 or 2 branches; leaves 1—3 cm long; calyx 3.5—5mm long ..... 51. G. capituliflora Rupr. Stem 30—45 cm long, with 2 or 3 branches at summit; leaves AO Oem LONG. calyx SF —- os OYE SiGe: Bey sviren he abe; 4, Aer stb. 3s ise oe ed ett ba oe ee CO) me A 2 nea eR Pe 52. G. preobrashenskyi Czernjak. Profusely branched undershrubs 8—20cm high; leaves scabrous on margin and on midrib; shoots glabrous or in lower part pubescent. ianiCPOlrs Ge cAanSCAUCASIT Aa, (17. \s es, « a «Laniteosisiius &) ep bint @ Fe, 46. 559 736 137 46. 47. oll. 52. 53. 54. 55. Plants herbaceous or woody at base and then taller; leaves ustallyasmioo tli: i. . Lawes leuk) eee espa ameeea) - fe ee meee nen nee 47. Leaves narrowly linear, 0.5—0.7 mm broad; calyx 3mm long; petals novehedsiovary containing SvoOvules Wet. ears setermeme i) one earn 5 WOR) ARAM RE beta SU ears, Ok cere heehee talon Ni Sahaaes Mate 53. G. lipskyi Schischk. Leaves linear, 2—3 mm broad; calyx 3.5—4.5 mm long; petals LOUNGE Ma a OKN men .F ch et sl tied tet on ahiee oh mae 04. G. brachypetala Trautv. Calyx 4—G mm long; stems usually numerous, 10—40 cm long, commonly clothed at base, with remnants of dead imbricated leaves; perals’ twice to thiriceras llonetas cally PAVs Aen rd sat ae ee 48. Calyx 1.5—4mm long; stems without remnants of imbricated leaves at base; petals commonly one and a half times as long as Calyas rarely twice or thrice lengthy of calyx vi)... cee ene 50. Stems 10—20cm long, usually congested; inflorescence corymbose; Calyat4—omimelone; petals) pink!Or VIOlepetae sm. ante ate nom wien 49. Stems 30—40cm long, loosely tufted; inflorescence capitate; calyx 5—6mm long; petals commonly white ..... 42. G. steupii Schischk. Calyx green, cut to one-third into ovate-triangular teeth; petals pinktor"pale’redi(Caucasus)> sot a, aCe 41. G.tenuifolia M. B. Calyx commonly violet-tinged, cut to the middle into ovate teeth; petals rose-violet (Siberia) .......... 44. G.sambukii Schischk. Stems 40—100 cm long, profusely branched from base, often forming a Spherical bush; lower part of stem densely puberulent; calyx 1.5—2.5mm long; petals white, one and a half times to twice as long ASNCallyset RYU OL ON OP RGR POT LS AL RR, Se Re al. Stems 10—50(60) cm long, not forming a spherical bush, always glabrous; petals often roseate or white with violet veins...... Oe. Leaves lance-linear or lanceolate, 2.5—8 mm broad; calyx broadly campanulate, 1.5mm long; pedicels 2—5 mm long; stigma decurrent Onethersitviles capsule SlobOSey ey = td een 18. G. paniculata L. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5-17 mm broad; calyx narrowly campanulate, 1.5—2.5mm long; pedicels 5—10mm long; stigma terminal; capsule ovoid-globular ......... 19. G. bicolor Freyn. Calyx 2.5mm long, densely white-farinose; inflorescence branches usually viscid in lower part ....%*25. G.simulatrix Bornm. et Wor. Calyx glabrous; inflorescence branches not viscid ......... 53. Leaves narrowly linear, 1—2 mm broad; calyx 2mm long; pedicels thickened below the flower; petals scarcely exceeding calyx (SBrranscaducasialt 8 nasa, Balis Wate 29. G. virgata Boiss. Leaves usually broader; calyx 2—4 mm long; pedicels not thickened below the flower; petals twice to four times as long as calyx ...... Stems numerous, sometimes up to 100, crowded, strict; ovary Containing 3 or'4 ovules. (Centr aAsia)< .25).00 3 SOk Bie -2eeee ee Ovary containing 12-16 ovullesi tee teal. ae te ae eieeth ie. anie ey eee 59. Stems ascending or procumbent, 10—25 cm long; ovary containing 14"ovulles(Caucasus)) 225 Po. Ria 56. G.silenoides Rupr. 560 738 60. 61. 62. 63. SPM Sheree 2 O=GO Ci MOnme Milks tie) ce VMN ee oo eae 56. Calyx 2—3 mm long; leaves broadly lanceolate, 1—2.5 cm broad. Flatts Olaune tar wbasiy. hone mee iG. ie RARE 50. G. pacifica Kom. Calyx/3—4mm Jliong; leaveshi=7(l5 jimi broad’ ih... a) BT; Leaves 3—7 mm broad, with short branchlets in the axils; pedicels S—4imm songs calyx teeth acutish, ity si 2). 49. G.dahurica Turcz. Leaves 1—5 mm broad, without sterile axillary branchlets; pedicels a7 Oa long sicalyx teeth Obtusie . ...6. 66) oe +). 48. G. patrinii Ser. Plants quite glabrous, sometimes viscid at summit ......... 59. lantshmore (Gr WessupUubeSeCenie yA Fayette dd et din ge Gad 60. Stem 20—50cm long; calyx 3—3.5mm long; petals roseate ........ PURE EN RC ER AER) AIRE ROD GT Bh By LC Bec 45. G.elegans M. B. Stem 8—20cm long, the upper internodes usually viscid; calyx oP 2 pris LONG) | Ob a wis fopatete thanks: aye-in dara ya 47. G. heteropoda Freyn. Calyx 2—2.5mm long, dissected nearly to base; petals 2-cleft or parted to below ithe mid dle. letra SOLS ET BPO LO (ay Calyx 2.5—6 mm long, cut to one-fourth or one-third; petals entire GEANOECINS Gas | hbitri, ed MAREE Ce ht ARI IR Sho OAT YS OD AAO Pah eh ad, 63. Stem glandular-pubescent in lower part, glabrous above; calyx glabrous; ovary 6-ovuled; seeds 1mm indiameter ............. SE ) oetag tet ee hOB ae Pee cA ee Te ee RAE 62. G.alsinoides Bge. Plants glandular-pubescent throughout; calyx glandular-hairy; ovary 12—16-ovuled; seeds 0.5mm in diameter ................ 62. Meaves ti —2 mim broadkepedicelis M2: cimiMllongt wath, Yiyay ikea) 3 FONE 2. eaves: 6— Lom broad; pedicelsis—7 mmvlong, 00482) 6. Le cee PSALM APS REL nN HL 61. G. spathulifolia (Fisch. et Mey.) Fenzl. Calyx oblong-campanulate, 5-6 mm long; stems 15—80cm long, covered in upper part with long patulous simple hairs; leaves broadly lanceolate, 1—2mm broad..... 68. G. porrigens (L.) Fenzl. Calyx 2.5—4 mm long; stems 5—25 cm long, covered with short simple or glandular hairs; leaves linear or spatulate, not more than 1cm ARO REY SAA Ce yee? BY RN AY le Peay tote AS Ai BRON & 64. Stem and calyx glandular-hairy; petal limb obcuneate, gradually Lapeminentoua.clawi 2 tod Or entiaes fot . eed 2s, ON, &.. cate ae 65. Stem covered in lower part with short simple hairs, glabrous aoOwes caliysc"olabrOUS Hh. aid, e ES SOTIA TSE hak GRO, adel. ua 67. Petals 2-fid or notched; seeds ca. 0.6 mm in diameter; leaves O15— 3mm bitoad), Wh), sP4 fy PA 65. G. floribunda (Kar. et Kir.) Turcz. Petals entire or notched; seeds 1mm in diameter; leaves ASO rOde! PLS IG RAV). SR RR: BREE OS PRLEAS, BOM BML RY 66. BOE. TAREQ ca Le Ie YR RU he 64. G.filipes (Boiss.) Schischk. peeds tuberculate.(CaucasSus))... eee ee 65. G. picta Boiss. Leaves to 2.5cm long and to3 mm broad; calyx broadly campanulate, enlargedsat summit petallimb pink, wathidark nerves. 4%. 15 ee Fe. : APM GE Bye MAD. Ie. TER OMA es ute I AO Sree RL. BIA 63. G.muralis L. Leaves to 1.5—1.7cm long and to 1mm broad; calyx tubular, not enlarged at summit; petal limb white, with a very small pink spot, narrowly cuneate or linear, gradually passing intoaclaw ........ REEL ie TM OATS 2 AHR WR REET, DEL) 2 64. G. stepposa Klok. 561 739 Subgenus 1. ROKEJEKA (Forsk.) Graebn.in Asch. et Graebn. Synops. V, 2 (1921) 235.— Gen.Rokejeka Forsk. Fl. aegypt. arab. (1775) 90. — Calyx short, turbinate or campanulate; petal claw without constriction, gradually enlarged into an entire or scarcely emarginate limb; placenta mostly elongated; radicle short, not prominent in seed. Perennials, very rarely annuals. Section 1. HETEROCHROA (Bge.) Schischk. — Gen. Heterochroa Bge. in Lab. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 131. — Flowers few, axillary or terminal, with herbaceous bracts; petals commonly roseate or red on one Side, whitish- green on the other. Low plants with procumbent or more rarely erect stems and small leaves. Series 1. Glandulosae Schischk. — Plants commonly densely pubescent; calyx broadly campanulate, 4—6 mm long. 1. G. glandulosa (Boiss.) Walp. Rep. II, Suppl. 1, (1843) 774; Boiss. Diagn. Pl. or. nov.I, 8 (1849) 59; Fl. Or. 1, 539; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 420.— Hete- rochroa glandulosa Boiss. Diagn.I, 1 (1842) 15. Perennial, densely covered throughout with short glandular hairs; stems ascending or procumbent, branched, 10—20cm long; lower leaves spatulate, others elliptic or oblong-linear, 6—10mm long and 2—3 mm broad, obtuse; short leafy shoots present in the axils of lower leaves; flowers terminal and axillary, solitary; pedicels pubescent, 7—10mm long, usually equaling or one and a half times as long as calyx, recurved after flowering; calyx short- campanulate, 5—6 mm long, densely glandular-pubescent; teeth triangular, acute, more than half length of calyx; petals rose-purple, cuneate, notched, one and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 24-ovuled; capsule rounded; seeds reniform, tuberculate. July—August. Stony taluses in the alpine and subalpine zones. — Caucasus: W. Transc. (Karchkhalski massif, Salachurski range, Hakry River). Gen. distr.: Pontiiski range and former Artvin district. Described from mountains of Lazistan. Type in Geneva. 2. G.violacea (Ldb.) Fenzl in Endl. Gen. pl. I (1836—1840) 972; Ej. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1,291; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II,205.— Arenaria violacea Ldb. in Mem. Acad. Pétersb. V (1815) 533. —Ic.: Ldb. Ic. Fl. Ross. V, t. 416. Perennial, tufted; flowering stems ascending, 5—10 cm long, puberulent; lower leaves elliptic; middle and upper leaves ovate or lanceolate, 8—10mm long and 2—4 mm broad, sessile, glabrous; inflorescence a loose corymb; pedicels 5—10mm long, glandular-pubescent; calyx broadly campanulate, 5—6 mm long, glandular-pubescent; teeth obtusish, more than half length of calyx; petals lilac or white, purple-nerved, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx, all turning lilac after flowering; ovary 14-ovuled; capsule equaling calyx; seeds rounded-reniform, black, striated, ca. 1.5mm in diameter. End of June, July—August. Rocks, stony and gravelly slopes, and placers from the sea level up to 1,800m.— Far East: Kamch.(?), Okh., Uss. Gen. distr.: Manchzh. Described from Yablonoi Range in the environs of Okhotsk. Type in Leningrad. 562 740 3. G. sericea (Ser.) Fenzl in Endl. Gen. pl. I (1836—40) 972; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1087.— Arenaria purpurea Willd. ex Cham. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag. VII (1813) 211.— Gypsophila purpurea Fenzl,l.c., (1836—40), non Gilib. (1781). Arenaria sericea Ser.in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 414.— A.rubicunda Spreng. Syst. Veg. II (1825) 399.— Hete- rochroa petraea Bge. in Ldb. FI. Alt. II (1830) 132.— Gypsophila petraea Fenzl,1.c. (1836—40); in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 291, non Rchb. (1832). — G.bungeana Dietr. Syn. pl. II (1841) 1542. — Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. II, t.03i0. Perennial, glandular-pubescent throughout; stems numerous, procumbent, rooting at base, branched, 20—30cm long; leaves linear-lanceolate, 6—15 mm long and 1.5—3.5 mm broad, the lower obtusish, the upper acute; flowers solitary at tips of branches and in the axils of upper leaves; pedicels glandular-pubescent, 1.4—2 cm long; calyx broadly campanulate, 4.5—-5 mm long and 3.5—4 mm broad; teeth acuminate, scarious-margined, half length of calyx, three of them broader than the rest; petals white within, lilac outside, obovate, twice as long as calyx; ovary 14—16-ovuled; capsule broad- ovoid, 4—5 mm long; seeds reniform, 1 1/3 mm long, muricate, black. June— August. Rocks and stony slopes. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. Gen. distr.: N. Mongolia. Described from Siberia. Type in Geneva. 4. G.desertorum (Bge.) Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 292; Kryl., Fl. Zap.sib. V,1087.— Heterochroa desertorum Bge.Supplem. Alt. (1836) 29. Perennial, glandular-pubescent throughout; taproot stout, 0.5-—1.5cm thick; stems woody at base, 5-15 cm long, ascending; leaves linear - subulate, 4—15 mm long and 1 mm broad, acute, keeled beneath, revolute- margined, prostrate or falcately recurved; inflorescence corymbose- paniculate; pedicels 3—12 mm long, erect; calyx broadly campanulate, 4—5 mm long and 2—3 mm broad; teeth ovate-oblong, with white scarious margin, obtuse, half length of calyx; petals one and a half times to twice as long as calyx, white inside, purple-tinged outside, obovate-cuneate, scarcely emarginate; ovary 15- or 16-ovuled; capsule ovoid, 4mm long; seeds reniform, ca.11/3 mm long, muricate. June—July. (Plate XLVI, Figure 4). Stony semideserts and rocks. — W. Siberia: Alt. (Chuya steppe). Gen. distr.: N. Mong., Tuva Republic. Described from Chuya steppe (Altai). Type in Leningrad. 5. G. microphylla (Schrenk) Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 291. — Heterochroa microphylla Schrenk, Enum.!I. pl. soong. (1841) 92. Perennial; stems numerous, procumbent, 8—10cm long, slender, densely leafy, puberulent; leaves linear-elliptic, thickish, 4—6 mm long and 1-2 mm broad, 1-veined, short-petioled or sessile, obtusish, ciliolate, with short leafy shoots in the axils; inflorescence a terminal raceme; pedicels puberulent, equaling or longer than calyx; calyx broadly campanulate, 3—3.5 mm long, glabrate or puberulent; teeth lanceolate, obtuse, scarious- margined, half length of calyx, petals purple, obovate-cuneate, one and a half times as long as calyx, rounded or truncate or emarginate at apex; 563 741 Va, Lo a, : aya Be KS 4 be fs ; ‘ x) x a K z SS Series PLATE XLVI. 1. Gypsophila capitata M. B., flower, bract; — 2. G. glomerata Pall., bract. — 3. G. globosa Stev., bract. — 4. G. desertorum Bge., flower. — 5. G. microphylla Schrenk., flower. — 6. G. herniarioides Boiss., flower. — 7. G. imbricata Rupr. 564 743 ovary 10—12-ovuled; seeds reniform, ca. 1mm long, finely rugulose. July. (Plate XLVI, Figure 5). Taluses in the alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzhungarian Ala- Tau), T. Sh. (Talgar). Gen. distr.: Sinkiang Province. Described from Dzhungarian Ala-Tau(Kuktau mountains). Type in Leningrad. 6. G.turkestanica Schischk. in Trav. du Musée bot.de l'Acad.Sc.de LURSS' XXIV (1932) 38. — le:: Schischk., 1. ¢:, tab. 5. Perennial; stems numerous, trailing, strongly branched, 4—12 cm long, slender, glabrous; leaves linear, 4—8 mm long and 1—2 mm broad, thickish, 1-veined, glabrous, narrowing toward base, obtusish; leaves of axillary fascicles smaller; flowers in the axils of upper leaves; pedicels filiform, 0.5—1 cm long; calyx broadly campanulate, 2.5—3 mm long, glabrous; teeth obtuse, Scarious-margined, nearly half length of calyx; petals purple, one and a half to twice as long as calyx, obovate-cuneate, truncate; ovary 16—18-ovuled; capsule slightly longer than calyx; seeds smooth, ca. 1mm in diameter. July. Taluses in the alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. (Aleksandrovsk range between the Chachko and Trek Rivers). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Pseudoverticillatae Schischk. — Calyx tubular, 5—8 mm long, cut to one-fifth or one-fourth. 7. G.herniarioides Boiss. Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 84.— G.pseudoverticil- lata Kom., in Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. XXVI (1896) 123. Perennial; rhizome 4—7 mm thick, 10—20mm at the top; stems numerous, slender, the lower underground part covered with whitish foliaceous scales, the aerial part profusely branched; branches short, densely leafy, glabrous in lower part, velutinous above; leaves spatulate, 4—8 mm long and 0.5—3 mm broad, tapering at base, clasping, obtuse at apex, scabrous, 1-veined, with short leafy shoots in the axils; inflorescence capitate, 10—20-flowered; pedicels 0.5—1.5 mm long; calyx tubular-campanulate, 5—8 mm long and 2—3 mm broad, velutinous; teeth obtusish, scarious- margined, one-fifth to one-fourth length of calyx; petals whitish, oblong- linear; ovary 12-ovuled. June—August. (Plate XLVI, Figure 6). Taluses and waterside pebbles in the alpine zone, at altitudes between 1,800 and 3,600 m. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Afghanistan. Described from Afghanistan, Mount Sikaram. Type in London; cotype in Leningrad. 8. G. antoninae Schischk. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac.Sc. URSS, ser. 1, III (1936). Perennial; rhizome long, 4—6 mm thick; stems numerous, slender, profusely branched at base; branches 10—15cm long, trailing, glabrous in lower part, velutinous above, brittle; leaves linear 5—8 mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, with sterile fasciclesin the axils; inflorescence capitate at ends of branches, 1.5—2.5cm in diameter, 10—20-flowered; bracts herbaceous, linear, leaflike, glandular-puberulent; pedicels 2—3 mm long; calyx tubulate-campanulate, ca.6 mm long and 2.5mm broad, glandular- pubescent, with white-scarious stripes; teeth lanceolate, obtusish, narrowly scarious-margined; one-quarter length of calyx; petals dark purple, oblong- linear, one and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 12-ovuled. June—July. 744 565 Gravelly slopes, at altitudes of about 1,500 m. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet- Dagh Range—Gaudan, Kyzyl-Khasar). Endemic. Described from Kopet-Dagh (Kyzyl-Khasar). Type in Leningrad. Section 2. PULVINARES Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 534.— Sect.Excapae Williams, Revisio Gen. Gypsophila in Journ. of Botany XXIX (1889) 332. — Plants densely pulvinate; stem leaves very small, imbricate; stamens exserted from corolla; seeds tuberculate. 9. G. aretioides Boiss. Diagn. Ser.I, 1 (1842) 9; Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 538; V.Savicz, K biologii G.aretioides Boiss. [Concerning the biology of G.aretioides Boiss.] in Mon. du Jard. bot. de Tiflis 27 (1913) 19—25; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 419.— G.raddeana Rgl.in A.H. P.X (1889) 698. — Ic.: Rgl. Gartenfl. XLI, t. 1365; Savicz.,1l.c., p.25; Lipskii, Bot. issl v Zakasp.obl., Plate 12; Doboyanskii, Trudy Peterburg. Obshch. Estestv. XXVII (1897), Plate 1 and 2. — Exs.: H. F.A. M.no. 124; Fedtsch. Fl. turk. exs.no. 66. Perennial, glabrous throughout; branches strongly lignified, forming a compact pulvinate mat 75—200cm in diameter, their tips densely leafy; leaves fleshy, imbricate, oblong-triangular, obtuse, 1—2 mm long; flowers solitary at tips of branches; pedicels 1—3 mm long, with a pair of small scarious bracteoles; calyx campanulate, 2—3 mm long; teeth obtuse, Scarious-margined, half length of calyx; petals white, entire, one and a half times as long as calyx; capsule dehiscing to base into 4 valves; seeds minutely tuberculate. June—July. Rocks, at altitudes between 900 and 2,000 m. — Caucasus: S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: N. Iran. Described from N. Iran. (Mount Demavend). Type in Geneva. Note. An unusual plant, forming cushions 75—200 cm in diameter, that sometimes weigh up to 150kg. The cushions are very hard and look at a distance like lichen-covered stones. They consist of a complex system of interwoven branches, gradually attenuate toward the periphery and ° terminating in minature stemlets covered with very small imbricated leaves. According to V.Savich (l.c.), the plants are capable of absorbing atmospheric moisture upon their surface independantly of root action. The plant reproduces readily from slips which easily form adventitious roots. On the other hand, a completely rootless cushion is sometimes capable of producing new leaves and flowers, provided a sufficient amount of moisture is available. Economic importance. When woody vegetation is extremely scarce, the cushions of G.aretioides are sometimes used in Turkmenia as fuel. 745 10. G. imbricata Rupr. Fl. Cauc.I1 (1869) 176; Will. in Journ. of Bot. XXVII (1889) 321; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. I],419.— G.aretioides 8 cauca- sica Boiss. Fl. Or.Supplem. (1888) 84.— G.aretioides subsp.imbri- cata Bornm.in Beih. Bot. Zentralbl. XXXII (1914) 362.— G.aretioides var.imbricata Somm.et Lev. in A.H.P.XVI (1900) 66. Perennial; taproot to 18cm long and 4—5 mm thick, woody, much branched; stems numerous, woody, forming a cushion, covered with persistent imbricate leaves; leaves linear ca.2mm long and 0.5—0.6 mm broad, glabrous, obtuse, ribbed beneath, connate in pairs into sheaths; annotinous stems 2—3 cm long, 566 slender, erect, with 3 distant leaf pairs, terminating in 3 or 4 or more rarely solitary flowers; bracts membranous; pedicels glabrous, ca.2 mm long; calyx ovaloid, 3.5mm long; teeth ovate, acute, scarious-margined, half length of calyx; petals white, twice as long as calyx, obovate-spatulate, notched; capsule ovoid-globular, scarcely exceeding calyx; seeds subglobose, 2.1mm in diameter, finely muricate. July—August. (Plate XLVI, Figure 7). Calcareous rocks, at altitudes of about 800m. — Caucasus: northern slopes of the main range (along the Ardon River). Endemic. Described from N. Osetiya (Ardon River near Alager). Type in Leningrad. Section 3. CAPITATAE Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 535. — Flowers in spherical heads, these with triangular acuminate scarious bracts at base; stamens exserted from corolla; ovary 6—8-ovuled. 11. G. capitata M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. 1 (1808) 321; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 547; Rupr. Fl. Cauc. 1,180; Shmal'g., Fl.1I, 131; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 419. — G.glomerata Adams in Web. et Mohr, Beitr. (1805) 54, non Pall. (1795). — G.glomerata B capitata Ser.in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 354. Perennial, woody at base; stems numerous, ascending, 20—40 cm long, AG glabrous, slightly branched; leaves thickish, linear, short-acuminate, 1—2.5cm long and ca. 1mm broad, glaucous, with smooth margins; flowers heads spherical, 8—11 cm in diameter; pedicels long; floral leaves Surrounding the head broad, ovate, acute, scarious, the outermost connate at base in pairs; bracts ovate, equaling the calyx, scarious, finely pruinose on the outside; pedicels very short; calyx tubular-campanulate, 3.5mm long; teeth ovate, acute, entire, two-thirds length of calyx; petals white, oblong-linear, one and a half times as long as calyx; filaments not exserted; ovary 8—12-ovuled; capsule ovoid-globular, 2.5 mm in diameter, 1-seeded; seeds compressed-globular, bluntly tuberculate, 1.5mm in diameter. June—August. (Plate XLVI, Figure 1). Stony slopes, limestone, and shingle. — Caucasus: Dag., E. Transc. Endemic. Described from Kazakh Pass—Kurt-Bulak. Type in Leningrad. 12. G. glomerata Pall. Cat. Taur. (1795) 50, nom. nud.; M. B. FI. taur.- cauc.I (1808) 321 (descr.); Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 299; Boiss. Fl. Or, I, 547; Shmal'g.; Fl.1,130.— Petrorhagia glomerata Link, Handb. Il (1831) 235. — Ic.: Lodd. Bot. Cab. XIV, t. 1384 (1828). — Exs.. HFR no. 2987; Herb. normale ed. Dorfler, no. 501; Boenitz. Herb. eur. no. 8175. Perennial; stem erect, 20—60cm long, branched and glandular-pubescent in upper part; leaves thickish linear, 3—10 cm long and 1.3mm broad, the margin glandular-denticulate under strong magnification; flowers subsessile, in compact heads, membranous-bracted; calyx 3.5mm long, broadly campanulate; teeth entire, half length of calyx; petals white, oblong- linear, one and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 6—8-ovuled. June—July. (Plate XLVI, Figure 2). Rocks, dry and stony, often-calcareous or sandy slopes. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: W. Transc. (Novorossiisk). Gen. distr.: Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary. Described from Crimea. Type in Leningrad. 567 747 13. G. globulosa Stev. ex Bess. in Flora XV, 2 Beibl. (1832) 34; Boiss. Fl. Or: 1y 547; Rupes Ml Caucil, 138); Grosse, Hiitavig 4202 Gyo homa\e rata Adams in Web. et Mohr, Beitr.I (1805) 54, non Pall.— G.glome- rata var.globulosa Schmalh., Fl.I (1895) 131.—G.capitata Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 300, non M. B. — Exs.: HFR no. 1311. Perennial; stem erect, 40—75 cm long, viscid-glandular in the branched upper part, glabrous elsewhere; leaves linear, 3-10 cm long and 1—3 mm broad, thickish, scabrous; flowers subsessile, in compact spherical inflores- cences 10—12 mm in diameter; bracts obovate, erose-dentate at the rounded apex; calyx broad-campanulate, 3.5mm long; teeth obtuse, half length of calyx; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx, with oblong limb; ovary 8-ovuled. June—August. (Plate XLVI, Figure 3). Stony, mostly calcareous slopes and rocks. — European part: Bl.; Caucasus: Cisc. Endemic. Described from Pyatigorsk and Konstantinogorsk. *14. G. cappadocica Boiss. et Bal. in Boiss. Diagn. ser. II, 6 (1859) 26; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. 11,418.— G.sphaerocephala B cappadocica Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 548.— G.armeniaca Hausskn. in herb. Perennial, woody at base; stems numerous, erect, 40—60 cm long, simple or slightly branched, glabrous, glaucescent, thickened at nodes; leaves thickish, linear, 3—6 cm long and 1—2 mm broad, prickly-trigonous, flat above, sharply keeled beneath, with naked or scabrous margin, equaling or exceeding internodes; flower head spherical, compact, 1—1.5 cm in diameter, petiolate or sessile; bracts triangular, glandular-pubescent, scalelike, broadly scarious-margined; bracteoles lanceolate, acute, scarious, glandular on the margin and on the midrib; pedicels very short; calyx tubular- campanulate, 4mm long, glandular-pubescent; teeth ovate-triangular, obtuse, scarious-margined, one-fourth length of calyx; petals pink, elliptic- lanceolate, one and a half times as long as calyx; filaments exserted; ovary 8-ovuled. June—July. Stony and dry slopes; borders of plowfields. Up till now unknown in the USSR, but occurring in adjacent parts of Turkey (Promezhutochnaya Stantsiya of former Kars Region and in former Oltin district). Gen. distr.: Arm. - Kurd., As. Min. Described from Cappadocia (Mount Aslan-Dagh). Type in Geneva. Section 4. EUGYPSOPHILA Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 534. — Flowers com- monly numerous, with scarious bracts; petals white, pink or purple, the two surfaces mostly concolor. Perennials; leaves not spinescent; roots not tuberous. Series 1. Fastigiatatae Schischk. — Flowers in compact corymbose inflorescences; calyx 1.5—2.5mm long; ovary 12—24-ovuled. 15. G. fastigiata L.Sp. pl. (1753) 407; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 299, lusus 1; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 131, excl. subsp.collina.— G.pulposa Gilib. Fl. Lithuan. II (1781) 153. Saponaria fastigiata Lam. Fl. Franc. II (1778) 541. — ler? Rehb) leshlaGermeV inte 24 ip xs se ROO Perennial; stems 10—50(60) cm long, ascending at base, then erect, glabrous in lower part, branched and glandular-pubescent in inflorescence; 568 49 leaves lance-linear to linear, 2—8 cm long and 1—2 mm broad, flat, 1-veined; flowers crowded at tips of stem and branches in compact corymbose inflorescences; pedicels glandular-pubescent, 1—2 mm long; bracts scarious; calyx campanulate, 1.5—2.5 mm long; teeth obtuse, half length of calyx; petals whitish or pink, one and a half times as long as Calyes: ovary 24-ovuled. June—July. (Plate XLVII, Figure 2). Pine woods on sandy soils. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Scand. Described from Gothland, Borussia, Switzerland. Type in London. 16. G.ucranica Kleop.sp.nova in Addenda V, p.679. Perennial; rhizome rather long, creeping; stems several, erect or ascending, glabrous, 25—65 cm long, branched and glandular in inflorescence; leaves lanceolate to lance-linear, acute, 4—8 cm long and 4—7 mm broad, glabrous, glaucescent, the lower petiolate; flowers at tips of stems and branches in dense corymbs forming a corymbose-paniculate inflorescence; bracts broad-ovate, mucronulate, scarious, 3—4mm long and 2—2.5 mm broad, the brownish midrib often glandular-pubescent; pedicels 2—4 mm long, glabrous; calyx broadly campanulate, 2.5—3 mm long, glabrous; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined, nearly half length of calyx; petals white (in dry Specimens), one and a half times as long as calyx, obsubulate, rounded at apex; ovary 14- or 15-ovuled. August. Pine woods. — European part: M. Dnp. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Kiev. Type in Leningrad. 17. G.dichotoma Bess. Prim. Fl. Galic. (1809) 372.— G.collina Stev. ex Ser.in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 352.— G.struthium Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Foss. 1, 295;non L.— G.fastigiata subsp:8 collina Schmalh., Fl. 1 (1895) 131.— Exs.:Lang et Szovits, Herb. ruthen. Cent. I, 48. Perennial; stem 30—80cm long, simple or branched at summit, glabrous; leaves linear, thickish, 2—3(-5)cm long and 1—2.5mm broad, 3-veined, acute, rough-margined, with fairly long sterile branchlets in the axils; flowers at the summit of the stem in a compact corymbiform panicle; bracts scarious, lanceolate, ciliate-margined; pedicels 1—3 mm long; calyx 2.5—3 mm long, broadly campanulate; teeth rounded, ciliate, obtuse, one-third length of calyx; petals pink, oblong, one and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 10—12-ovuled; capsule slightly exceeding calyx; seeds reniform, ca. 1 mm long, muricate. June—August. Hill slopes. — European part: M. Dnp. (Baltic region), Bl., Crim. Gen. distr.: Galicia, S. Poland. Described from Galicia (Jaslo). Type in Berlin. Series 2. Parviflorae Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1 (1842) 297. — Mostly tall plants; stems herbaceous, profusely branched; calyx 1.5—3.5 mm long, glabrous or (very rarely) with a crystalline bloom; pedicels 2—8 mm long; ovary 4—8-ovuled, rarely 12—18-ovuled. 18. G. paniculata L.Sp. pl. (1752) 407; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 297, ex parte; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 132; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1091.— G.paniculata var.subglandulosa Lipsky in Zap. Kievsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp. XI, 2 (1891) 41. —Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, tab. 242. — Exs.: HFR no. 1039. Vernacular: Perekati-pole [tumble-weed]. 569 Perennial; taproot stout, commonly vertical; plant glabrous throughout, more rarely glandular-pubescent in lower part (var.subglandulosa Lipsk Lipsky); stems solitary, more rarely several, erect or at base ascending, 40—100cm long, in lower part 3—5 mm thick, profusely branched nearly from base, often forming a spherical bush; lower leaves soon wilting; median stem leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2—5 cm long and 2.5—8 mm broad, long-acuminate, with prominent midrib and faint lateral veins, bearing leafy sterile shoots in the axils; inflorescence a broad open many-flowered panicle; pedicels filiform, 2—6 mm long; calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 1.5mm long; teeth ovate, obtuse, scarious-margined, half length of calyx; petals white, twice as long as calyx; ovary 4-ovuled; capsule broadly obovoid to subglobose, to 2mm in diameter; seeds ca. 1 mm long, tuberculate. June—July. (Plate XLVII, Figure 3). Meadow steppes, margins of pine woods, sands, and calcareous slopes. — European part: U. Dnp., U.V., V.-Kama, M.Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., L. Don; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.; W.Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Balkh., Ar.-Casp. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur. (introduced), N. Mong., W. Chi., N. Am. (introduced). Described from Siberia. Type in London. Economic importance. The roots contain saponin. The plant is also used for wreath arrangements. Note. The profuse branching sometimes results in the formation of an almost spherical bush which, upon breaking off, may be carried by wind over considerable distances and is therefore referred to as ''tumble-weed." It should be noted, however, that this epithet is also applied to certain other plants. 19. G. bicolor Freyn. et Sint. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II sér. III (1903) 864, sub G.paniculata subsp.G.bicolor Freyn; Grossh.in Mon. du Jard. bot. de Tiflis 46—47 (1919) 36; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II,423.— G.paniculata a effusa Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. (1842) 297.— G. paniculata var. latifolia Hohenack. Enum. Talysch (1838) 159.— G.paniculata Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 542, pro maxima parte.— G.paniculata B hirta Grun. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XL, 4 (1867) 406.—Exs.: Pl. Or. exs. no. 303. Perennial; stem glabrous, glaucous, 50—100 cm long, profusely branched from base, the lower internodes close together; leaves glaucescent, glabrous or the lower sometimes glandular-hairy (var.hirta Grun.), lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 4—6 cm long and 5—17 mm broad, with prominent midrib and 2—4 faint lateral veins; flowers polygamodioecious, in a lax many-flowered inflorescence; bracts very small, linear-lanceolate, with white crystalline bloom beneath; pedicels filiform, glabrous, 5-10mm long; calyx campanulate, 1.5—2.5 mm long, with 5 dark nerves and white crystalline bioom; teeth broad-ovate, round-tipped, narrowly membranous - margined, half length of calyx; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx, entire or emarginate; ovary rounded-ovoid, 8-ovuled; style long, glabrous; capsule globular-ovoid. June—July. Dry steppes, sandy slopes, open woods, fallows, and occasionally among crops. — Caucasus: E.and 8. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Kara K., Kyz. K., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Turkmenia (Nevtonovka, Sulyuklyu, Sunsodag). Type in Vienna. 750 5402 570 151 Economic importance. As in the preceding species, the root contains Saponin and is used as a soap substitute. 20. G.altissima L. Sp. pl. (1753) 407; Fenzl in Ldb. Ross. I, 289; Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. I, 299; Williams in Journ. of Bot. XXVII, 325; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 131; Kamch., Fl. Zap. Sib. V,1092.— G.altissima B elongata Bge.in lida. Hr. Alt. 11 (1830) 127.— Arrostia altissima Rafin. Fl. Tellur: 1 (1836) 54.— Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, tab. 241.— Exs.: HFR no. 1310. Perennial; taproot stout, 0.5—1.5cm thick; stems solitary or 2 or 3, erect, branched in inflorescence, 30—80 cm long, glabrous, usually glandular - pubescent in the forks, rarely glabrous (f.glabra Blocki); leaves glaucescent, obtusish or short-acuminate, narrowing toward base, obscurely 3-veined; flowers in a contracted corymbose-paniculate inflorescence; pedicels 2—5 mm long; bracts scarious; calyx campanulate, 2—2.5 mm long and 1.5mm broad, glabrous; teeth ovate, obtuse, Scarious-margined, nearly half length of calyx; petals white, oblong-obovate, twice as long as calyx; ovary 8—12-ovuled; capsule globose, 2—2.5mm in diameter; seeds muricate, 1—1.25mm long. June— August. Meadow steppes, chernozem meadows, turfy and sometimes stony slopes, especially calcareous, more rarely thin pine woods. — European part: M. Dnp., Bl., V.-Don, V.-Kama, L. Don, L. V., Transv., 5. Ural; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.; W.Siberia: Ob (S. part), U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (Galicia, Bukovina); Described from Siberia. Type in London. 21. G.tianshanica M. Pop. et Schischk. in Index Sem. Horti bot. Almatensi Ac. Sc. URSS II (1935) 12, descr. incompl.; Addenda V, p. 679. Perennial; taproot rather stout, 4—6 mm thick, obliquely ascending, multicipital; stems 4—10, very slightly ascending at base, then erect, 45—65 cm long, glandular-pubescent and branched in inflorescence, the branches ascending; short leafy shoots present in addition to flowering stems; leaves glaucescent, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 4—6.5 cm long and 2—5 mm broad, commonly 1 -veined, obtusish, narrowing toward base, the lower cauiine and those of the sterile shoots long-petioled; pedicels very Slightly glandular-pubescent, 2—4 mm long; flowers in rather dense corymbiform cymes forming a paniculate inflorescence; calyx glabrous, campanulate,to 2mm long; teeth ovate, rounded-obtuse, with a broad white-scarious margin, halflength of calyx; petals twice as long as calyx, cuneate, rounded or truncate or scarcely emarginate at apex; style one and a half times to twice the length of ovary; ovary 12—18-ovuled; capsule broad-ovoid, 3—3.5mm long; seeds rounded-reniform, finely striate, 1.2—1.4mm long. July— August. Stony steppe slopes and pebbles. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Endemic. Described from Zailiiski Ala-Tau (Chilik River). Type in Alma Ata. 22. G. litwinowii Kos.-Pol. in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. Ross. VIII (1922) 61.— Exs.: HFR no. 2517. Perennial; taproot elongated, 6-10 mm thick; stems numerous, erect or else ascending with numerous densely leafy sterile shoots at base, 30—50cm long, branched glabrous, in inflorescence glandular-pubescent; leaves 571 752 linear to linear-lanceolate, 2—3.5 cm long and 2—4 mm broad, acute or acuminate, narrowing toward base, 1-veined or rarely obscurely 3-veined; inflorescence loosely paniculate; bracts ovate-lanceolate, Scarious, acute, or obtusish; flowers pedicellate; calyx campanulate, 1.5—2 mm long, with obtuse scarious-margined teeth; petals white, linear, about twice as long as calyx; ovary 8-ovuled; capsule subglobose, 2—3mm long; seeds ca.1 mm long, muricate. July. Steppes and chalky slopes. — European part: V.-Don. Endemic. Described from Zemlyansk district, Voronezh Region. Type in Leningrad. Note. According to oral communication by D. I. Litvinov, this plant was described from luxuriant specimens which had grown under special conditions and is not a distinct species but merely a vigorous form, apparently of G.altissima L. We had only three specimens of this plant, collected at the locus classicus and displaying features of abnormal development. We draw the attention of future investigators to this species which may have to be eliminated from the USSR Flora. 23. G. krascheninnikovii Schischk. in Trav. du Musée bot. de 1'Acad. Sc. de 1'URSS, XXIV (1932) 36.— Ic.: Schischk., l.c., fig. 4. Perennial; stems erect, branched from the middle, glabrous, 60-100 cm long; leaves oblong-spatulate or obovate-lanceolate, 3.5—6 cm long and 0.8—1.6 cm broad, glaucous, obtuse or acutish, with prominent midrib and faint lateral veins; inflorescence branches glandular -hairy; pedicels filiform, 5—8 mm long, glabrous or in lower part glandular; calyx campanulate, 2mm long; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined, more than half the length of calyx; petals white, obovate-cuneate, one and a half times as long as calyx; seeds reniform, rounded, to 1mm in diameter, bluntly tuberculate. June-July. Sandy and solonetz steppes, sandy banks of rivulets, and stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Endemic. Described from Kunsh (Temir River). Type in Leningrad. 24. G.cephalotes (Schrenk) Will. Rev. Gen. Gypsophila in Journ. of Bot. XXVII (1889) 323; Kom., Materialy k Flore Turkestanskogo nagor'ya (1896) 122 excl. syn. G.capituliflora Rupr.; Raikova in Opred. rast. okr. Tashkenta II (1924) 115; Kryly, Fl. Zaps Sib. V)1903)—"Gii ast lewartays cephalotes Schrenk, Enum. I pl. nov. (1841) 92; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 299.— G.planifolia H. Winkl. in Vidensk. Medd. Kjobenh. (1901) 48. Perennial; taproot 3-15 mm thick; stems several, more rarely solitary, erect, glandular-pubescent in upper part or only in inflorescence, glabrous elsewhere, 10—50cm long; leaves glabrous, oblong-linear to linear, more rarely oblong-obovate, 3—6 cm long and 3—8 mm broad, obtusish, 3—5-veined, the radical short-petioled, the cauline sessile; flowers in a rather compact terminal head; bracts scarious; pedicels 0.5—2.5mm long; calyx campanulate, 2.5—3.5 mm long and 1.5—2 mm bxoad, glabrous; teeth ovate, obtuse, Scarious-margined, half the length of calyx; petal white, one and a half to twice as long as calyx, oblong-obovate, obtuse, cuneately attenuate toward base; ovary 16—18-ovuled; capsule subspherical, 3—4 mm in diameter; seeds to 1.5mmlong, muricate. June—July. (Plate XLVII, Figure 1). SP 53 Alpine and subalpine meadows and slopes.— W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Dzhungarian Ala-Tau (tributary of Tentek River). Type in Leningrad. 25. G. Simulatrix Bornm. et Woron. in Mon. du Jard.bot.de Tifl. livr. 29 (1913) 28; Grosses., Fl. Kavk. Il, 423.— Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. no, 269. Perennial; stem 50—60cm long, branched from the middle or below, glaucescent, glabrous; leaves crowded in lower part of the stem, linear - oblong or spatulate-lanceolate, 2—4.5cm long and 3—12 mm broad, glaucous, 1—3-veined, acutish, tapering toward base, the upper linear; flowers at tips of branches in few-flowered corymbs forming a loose panicle; inflorescence branches glutinous above the forks; bracts small, linear, scarious; pedicels Ssetaceous, Slightly longer than calyx; calyx tubular-campanulate, ca.2.5mm long, covered with white crystalline bloom; teeth obtuse, ovate, scarious- margined, minutely mucronulate; half the length of calyx; petals white, oblong, one-third as long as calyx; ovary 8-ovuled; capsule subglobose, 2.5mm in diameter; seeds reniform, to 1 mmlong, tuberculate. July. Stony and calcareous slopes. — Occurring in former Oltin and Artvin districts at Turkish border. Endemic. Described from Lomashen (Artvin district). Type in Tbilisi. 26. G.albida Schischk. in Candollea III (1928) 474; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 424, Perennial; stem 20—30cm long, branched, glandular in inflorescence, glabrous elsewhere; leaves lanceolate, 2—3cm long and ca. 1 cm broad, acute, with midrib and 2 obscure lateral veins, glabrous, scarcely roughened on the margin; flowers at tips of branches in few-flowered corymbiform inflorescences; bracts scarious, broadly triangular, glandular on the margin; pedicels glandular-pubescent, 1—4 mm long; calyx campanulate, 3mm long, densely white-punctate and hence whitish throughout; teeth acute, at least half the length of calyx; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx, sometimes slightly emarginate, the claw dilated; ovary 15-ovuled. August. Dry slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Kulim in the Nakhichevan ASSR). Endemic. Described from Kulim. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Capillares Schischk. — Stems herbaceous, branched from base; flowers numerous; pedicels slender, filiform, 1-2 cm long; calyx 2—2.5mm long, glabrous or glandular-pubescent; ovary containing 8—12 ovules. 27. G. diffusa Fisch. et Mey. in Bull. Soc, Nat. Mosc. (1839) 146, nom. nud.; Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 180 in observ. cum descript. brev.; Trautv. in A.H. P. II (1873) 507; Schischk. in Trav. du Musée bot. de 1'Ac. Sc. URSS XXIV (1932) 30, descr.compl.— G.elegans auct. Fl. As. Med., non M. B. Perennial; taproot stout, yellowish; stems several, ascending or erect, glaucous, often branched from base, 10—30 cm long, glandular -pubescent in inflorescence, glabrous elsewhere; lower leaves spatulate, 1.5—2 cm long and 3—5 mm broad, obtusish, 1-veined; median and upper leaves linear - lanceolate, acute; flowers numerous, in a loose inflorescence; pedicels filiform, glandular-pubescent, 1—2 cm long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, scarious-margined; calyx broadly campanulate, 2—2.5mm long; teeth 754 757 obtuse, Scarious-margined, glabrous or sometimes with scattered glandular hairs; one-third the length of calyx; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 8-ovuled; seeds reniform-triangular, to 1mm long, finely tuberculate. May—June. (Plate XLVII, Figure 5). Stony, often calcareous slopes. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Sadarak); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Kara K. Endemic. Described from the E. coast of the Caspian Sea. Type in Leningrad. 28. G. szowitsii Fisch. et Mey. ex Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 289 excl. var.glandulosa; Boiss. Fl. Or.1,550; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 422. — G.szovitsiia@ glabrata Fenzl in Ldb.,1.c. (1842) 289; Walpers, Repert. II, Supp. I (1843) 774. Perennial; stems numerous, branched from base, 25—40 cm long, glandular-pubescent in lower part as are the leaves; leaves thickish, subulate, 1—3.5 cm long and 0.5—2 mm broad, acute, the uppermost short capillary; flowers in an open panicle; pedicels setaceous; glabrous, 1—2 cm long; bracts linear-subulate, herbaceous; calyx campanulate, 2mm long; teeth oblong, obtuse, with white scarious margin; half the length of calyx; petals pink, one and a half to twice as long as calyx, oblong-spatulate, notched; ovary 10—12-ovuled; capsule very slightly shorter than calyx; seeds very small, tuberculate. May —August. Clayey southern slopes. — Caucasus: E.and 8S. Transc. Endemic. Described from E. Transcaucasia. Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Virgatae Schischk. — Stems numerous, woody at base, virgate; calyx 2—3 mm long, glancous; ovary containing 4-10 ovules. 29. G.virgata Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. nov. ser. I, 1 (1842) 13; Fl. Or. I, 545; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 421.— Exs.: Pl. or. exsicc. no. 204. Perennial; stem woody at base, 50—60 cm long, knotted, glabrous, glaucescent, branched from the middle or below, the erect branches 5—17mm long; leaves narrowly linear, 2cm long and 1—2 mm broad, glaucescent, acute; inflorescence a few-flowered panicle; bracts very small, membranous, triangular, acute; pedicels filiform, somewhat thickened below the inflorescence, twice to five times as long as calyx; calyx campanulate, ca.2 mm long, glabrous; teeth obtusish, scarious-margined, half the length of calyx; petals pink (?), scarcely longer than calyx, sometimes notched; ovary 10-ovuled. June. (Plate XLVII, Figure 4). Calcareous slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (between Dzhulfa and Darosham). Gen.distr.: W. Iran. Described from Isfahan. Type in Geneva. 30. G.aulicatensis B. Fedtsch. in Knorring et Minkwitz, Rastitel'nost' Aulieatinskogo y. Syr-Dar'inskoi obl. (1912) 186; M. popov in Bull. Univ. As. centr. XV, 289—292.— Ic.: Knorring et Minkwitz, l.c., tab. 30. Perennial, woody at base; herbaceous stems numerous (about 100 or more), 40—50 cm long, erect or at base ascending, glaucescent, glabrous; leaves soon falling, linear -lanceolate, ca.3 cm long and 2—4 mm broad, acute, thickish, 1-veined, with brownish margins; inflorescence a loose open panicle; bracts small, scarious; pedicels capillary, 5—10 mm long; calyx campanulate, 3mm long, glabrous; teeth acutish, half the length of calyx; petals white (?), three times as long as calyx; ovary 4-ovuled; 574 (755) PLATE XLVII. 1. Gypsophila cephalotes (Schrenk) Will.: flower, leaf-— 2. G.fastigiata L.: flower.-— 3. G.paniculata L.: flower.— 4. G.virgata Boiss.: flower.— 5. G.diffusa Fisch. et Mey.: flower. 575 758 capsule ovoid, scarcely exceeding calyx; seeds ca. 1 mm long, naked. August— October. Slopes of hills, especially gypseous.— Centr. Asia: Syr D. (Koktal River, sands of Muyun-Kum). Endemic. Described from Aulie Pass (Koktal River). Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Eriocalycinae Schischk.— Inflorescence a contracted corymbiform panicle; pedicels and calyx densely covered with patulous hairs; ovary containing 4—6 ovules. *31. G. eriocalyx Boiss. Diagn. ser. I, 1 (1842) 13; Fl. Or. 1,546; Grossg., Fl. Kav. II, 421. Perennial; taproot stout, multicipital, giving rise to short woody stems, these bearing branches and short densely leafy sterile shoots; branches erect, Slightly branched, glabrous in lower part, Scabrous-pubescent above, 20—40 cm long; leaves thickish, glaucous, linear, acute, 1—3 cm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, glabrous; inflorescence corymbose-paniculate; pedicels pubescent, 1—3mm long; bracts very small, scarious; calyx campanulate, ca.2 mm long, densely covered with long papilliform hairs; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined, half length of calyx; petals white, twice to two and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 4—6-ovuled. June—July. Dry clayey slopes and bluffs.— Not found up till now in the USSR; occurring in adjacent parts of Turkey in former Oltin district (Oltichai River near Salyan and in the Tatrut-Chai Pass). Gen.distr.: Cappadocia, Taurus, and Turkish Armenia. Described from Asia Minor (Cappodocia). Type in Geneva. Series 6. Acutifoliae Schischk.— Plants more or less glaucous, heavily glandular -pubescent in the forks of the inflorescence; calyx 3—4 mm long, glabrous, with acute or acutish teeth. 32. G.acutifolia Fisch. Hort. Gorenk. (1812) 59, num. nud.; Spreng. Novi prov. Hort. acad. Halens. et Berol. (1818) 21, descript.; M.B. Fl. taur.- cauc. III (1819) 296; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 540 pp.; Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 179, 295; Shmal's., Fl. 1, 132.— Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, t. 242, fig. 5004. — EXSos Eben MO... Perennial; taproots stout; stem erect or at base ascending, 20—170 cm long, branched, glabrous in lower part, in upper part including inflorescence glandular -hairy; leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2—8 cm long and 2—10 (15)mm broad, acute, tapering toward base, 3—5-veined, with short sterile branchlets in the axils; inflorescence corymbose-paniculate; bracts Scarious; pedicels erect, glandular, 1—3mm long; calyx campanulate, 3.5mm long, glabrous or on the nerves glandular; teeth oblong, acute, scarious-margined, half the length of calyx; petals white, about twice as long as calyx, notched; ovary 16-ovuled; capsule ovoid; seeds black, ca.1.5mm long, muricate. June —July. Stony slopes. — European part: Bl. (Odessa, introduced ?); Crim. (Feodosiya, introduced ?); Caucasus: Cisc., Dag. Endemic. Adventive in various parts of W. Europe. Described from Pyatigorsk. Type in Berlin (?). Economic importance. The plant has been introduced into cultivation in some places in W. Europe on account of the saponin content of the roots. 576 Note. The plant is usually reported for Transcaucasia but only G.stevenii Fisch. apparently occurs to the south of Greater Caucasus. 33. G. stevenii Fisch. ex Bess. Cat. Hort. Cremen. (1816) 64, nom. nud.; Descriptio apud. Schrank, Plantae rariores Horti Acad. monac. (1819) 32; DC. Prodr. I (1824) 353; Schischk. in Grossh., Sosn. et Schischk. Fl. tiflisiensis, 206.— Ic.: Schrank op. cit., tab. 32; Fl. tiflisiensis, 206. — Exsey Pll orient. exs: no. 296. Perennial; taproot 7-15 mm thick; stems ascending at base, 10—60 cm long, branched, glabrous; inflorescence branches glabrous or glandular - pubescent; leaves linear 2—4 cm long and 1—3 (4) mm broad, glaucous, glabrous, acute, Sometimes slightly flacate; inflorescence an open few- flowered panicle; flowers in few-flowered dichasia at tips of stems and branches; pedicels glabrous or glandular -pubescent, 2—10 mm long; bracts scarious, ovate, acute, ca.2mm long; calyx campanulate, 3—3.5 mm long, covered with white crystalline bloom, with broad membranous bands; teeth ovate, acute, broadly scarious-margined, half the length of calyx; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx, broadly linear, round- tipped; seeds reniform, minutely tuberculate, ca.0.8mm long. June—July. Stony slopes anddesert steppes. — Caucasus: E.Transc. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Tbilisi (Siberia was errpreous ly indicated by Schrenk). Type in Berlin (2); cotype in Leningrad. Pp? 34, G. meyeri Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 178; Boiss. Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 85; Grosse.) Hiway. I 4200 GY steven (ClA: VM Verzeichn: Pel. cauc. (1831) 210, non Fisch, Perennial; taproot stout, branched, giving rise to short leafy sterile shoots and flowering stems; stems branched, glabrous in lower part, glandular -pubescent in inflorescence; radical leaves linear to linear subulate, 5—15 cm long and 1—2 mm broad, 1-veined, acute; cauline leaves Similar but only 2—5cm long; bracts and upper leaves Sscarious-margined; inflorescence a panicle with glandular -pubescent branches; pedicels shorter than to twice as long as calyx; calyx campanulate, 3—3.5 mm long, glabrous or white-punctate, with violet-tinged nerves; teeth acutish, half the length of calyx; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx, scarcely emarginate; ovary 16-ovuled. June—July. Stony taluses and rocks.— Caucasus: Cisc., Kuban River system (rivers: Belaya, Laba, Kuban). Endemic. Described from Kuban River. Type in Leningrad. 35. G. glauca Stev. in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 353; Rupr. Fl. Cauc. I, 178; Boiss. Hl 1Onaia40l— GeriepensiMos. Fiitaur.-caucy i 31e)mnon 1, Perennial, glaucescent throughout; stems numerous, 15—20 cm long, divaricately branched nearly from base, glabrous in lower part, glandular - pubescent above; leaves linear-lanceolate, 1.5—2.5cm long and 2—6 mm broad, acute or obtuse, obscurely veined, crowded in lower part of the stem; bracts scarious; pedicels as long as or shorter than calyx; flowers commonly crowded in 3's at tips of branches, forming a lax panicle; calyx campanulate, 4mm long, glandular-pubescent; teeth acutish, more than half the length of calyx; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx, notched; ovary 16-ovuied. August. 577 760 Slopes in the subalpine zone. — Caucasus: Main Range (N. Osetia). Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Geneva. Series 7. Trichotomae Schischk.— Plants with long trailing or ascending, rarely erect stem; leaves ovate-oblong, 1—3.5cm broad. 36. G.trichotoma Wend. in Ind. sem. Hort. Marburg. (1835) no. 3 nom. nud., descr. in Linnaea XI (1837) Litt. 92; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 541; B.shishkin in Fl. Yugo-Vost) Ml 2963 Kryl,,) il. Zap.sib.V,109805—.G. ina ¢hotomy B pubescens Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 297.— G.scorzonerifolia Krasan in Hayek FI. Steierm. I, 313; Asch. et Graebn. Synops. V, 2, 241, non Ser.— G.perfoliata M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. J, 320,non L.— G.perfoliata B tomentosa Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 352.— Ic.: Ldb. Fl. Ross. t. 176. Perennial; stems decumbent at base, then ascending, 40—100 cm long, profusely branched, puberulent as are the leaves, glabrous in inflorescence; leaves ovate-oblong, 3—7cm long and 1—3.5cm broad, 5-veined, at base obsoletely cordate and connate into a very short sheath, obtuse; inflorescence loosely spreading; pedicels capillary, 3—6 times as long as calyx; calyx broadly campanulate, 2—2.5mm long; teeth ovate, obtuse, scarious-margined, one-third the length of calyx; petals dark red, about twice as long as calyx; ! capsule subglobose, one and a half times as long as calyx, 10-seeded; seeds minutely tuberculate. July— September. Solonetz and sandy meadows, solonetzes, and fallows. — European part: Bl., Crim., lu. Don, lL. V., Transv.; Caucasus: Cisc.3; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (S. W.), Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar. -Casp., Balkh. Gen. distr.: Rumania, Bulgaria, Iran. Described from Centr. Asia and the Caucasus. 37. G.scorzonerifolia Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 382, non Kragan, Hayek, Graebner.— G.sabulosa Stev. ex Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 352, nom. nud. in synon.; Spreng. Syst. Veget. II (1825) 329; Shishkin in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV (1930) 297; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 424.— G.perfoliataa angustifolia Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 296.— G.trichotomaa glabra Fenzl in Ldb., l. c. (1842) 297. Perennial; stems rather stout, ascending or procumbent, 40—50 cm Renee glabrous; leaves glabrous; lanceolate,acute, 5-10cm long and 1—2cm broad, 7- or 8-veined, short-petioled, with axillary fascicles of smaller leaves; inflorescence a loose divaricate panicle; pedicels glandular - pubescent, 5—12 mm long; bracts scarious, often glandular -hairy; calyx campanulate, 3mm long; teeth obtuse, one-third the length of calyx; petals white or light rose, one and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 8-ovuled; capsule about equaling calyx. July. Wettish sandy places. — European part: L.V.; Caucasus: Cisc. Endemic. Described from Kizlyar. Type in Geneva. Note. European authors (KraSan, Graebner), consider G.scorzoneri- folia Ser.as being synonymous with G.trichotoma Wend. Seringe's original specimens in De Candolle's Herbarium, that I have seen, do not leave any doubt that Seringe applied this name to two different plants, namely G.trichotoma Wend. and G.sabulosa Stev. His description (DC. Prodr. I (1824) 352) fits only G.sabulosa Stev., a species that differs markedly from G.trichotoma Wend. in its larger flowers, whitish 578 761 or faintly roseate (not red) petals, and glandular indument in inflorescence; although it covers two different Species, the name G.scorzonerifolia Ser. may be retained for the species with glandular inflorescence, i.e., G.sabulosa Stev. (nom. nud.), the latter name being defined by Seringe as synonymous with his G.scorzonerifolia. 38. G.anatolica Boiss. et Heldr. in Boiss. Diagn. ser. I, 8 (1849) 57; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 542; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 424.— G.hydrophila Post, Fl. of Syr. Pales. and Sinai (1896) 5.— G.trichotoma var. anatolica Bornm. Bearb. Knapp. nordw. gesamm. Pfl. (1909) 81.— Exs.: Pl. orient. exs. no. 22. Perennial; stems sprawling or ascending, 40—100 cm long, densely puberulent in lower part as are the leaves, glabrous in inflorescence; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2—8 cm long and 0.7—2.5 cm broad, acute or obtusish, 3—5-veined, tapering toward base, the lower pubescent, the upper glabrous; bracts very small, scarious, lanceolate, acute; pedicels equaling or one and a half to twice as long as calyx; calyx broadly campanulate, 2.5mm long, glabrous, often violet-tinged at summit; teeth obtuse, Scarious-margined, half the length of calyx; petals pink, about as long as to one and a half times as calyx; seeds dark-colored, finely striate. July. _Solonetz sites. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Cappodocia. Type in Geneva. 39. G.yorae Woron. in Not. Syst. ex Herb. H. Bot. Petrop. V (1924) 62; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 422. Perennial; stem ascending at base, then erect, 40—70 cm long, branched glandular -pubescent as are the leaves; leaves oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, 2.5—7 cm long and 0.6—2 cm broad, 3—5-veined (the lateral veins obscure), acutish, usually narrower at stem base; upper leaves smaller; bracts triangular -lanceolate, herbaceous, usually colored at summit, densely glandular-pubescent; pedicels capillary, glandular-hairy; calyx campanulate, ca.2.5 mm long, glandular-pubescent; teeth obtuse, broadly scarious- margined, half the length of calyx; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 8-ovuled; capsule ovoid-globular, 4—4.5 mm long, 2—4-seeded; seeds 1.2 mm long, muricate. July — August. (Plate XLVIII, Figure 2). Riverside pebbles. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Iora River valley and Karabakh steppe). Endemic. Described from (Marienfel'd). Type in Leningrad. 40. G. robusta Grossh. in Mon. du Jard. bot. de Tifl. Livr. 51 (1920) 30; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 422. Perennial; rhizome stout; stems numerous, 70—80cm long, 6-10 mm thick, densely glandular-pubescent, with ascending branches; lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, 10—13cm long and 2.5—4cm broad, acute, 5—9-veined, densely glandular-pubescent; upper leaves narrowly lanceolate, shorter; panicle many-flowered; bracts lanceolate, with glandular margins; pedicels glandular-pubescent, 1—1.4cm long; calyx 3.5—4 mm long, glandular -hairy; 579 762 763 teeth triangular, acute, scarious-margined, half the length of calyx; petals white or pale roseate, slightly exceeding to one and a half times as long as calyx, scarcely emarginate; ovary 18—20-ovuled; capsule globose, 4—5 mm in diameter; seeds black, finely tuberculate. June—July. Dry slopes. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Vaziani station, and environs of Tbilisi). Endemic. Described from Vaziani station. Type in Tbilisi. Series 8. Imbricariae Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 292, emend. Schischk. — Stems numerous, crowded, the imbricated bases of dead leaves long-persistent; petals pink or white, twice to three times as long as calyx. 41. G.tenuifolia M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 319; III, 296; Fenzl in db. Fl. Rossel, 292; Boiss. PiOr.s1,5395) Rupr.) Cauc.4 ia7 Grosse Fl. Kavk. II, 420.— ? Arenaria pulchra Willd. ex Schlecht. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag. VII (1816) 212.— Exs.: HFR no.1312; Pl. orient. exs. no. 134. Perennial, cespitose; rhizome stoutish, giving rise to numerous stems and short sterile shoots; flowering stems 10—20 cm long, clothed at base with remnants of dead leaves, branched in inflorescence, glabrous; radical leaves numerous, linear, to 10cm long and 1—1.5 mm broad (in var. Squarrosa Schischk. 1—2 cm long and 0.5—0.75 mm broad), acute; cauline leaves Similar but smaller, shorter than internodes; flowers few, in a terminal corymbiform panicle (in var.gracilipes Woron. inflorescence loose and pedicels to 2cm long); bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, Scarious; calyx campanulate, 4—5 mm long, glabrous; teeth ovate -triangular, obtuse or mucronulate, scarious-margined, one-third the length of calyx; petals pink or pale red, more rarely white, more than twice as long as calyx, obovate, notched; ovary 12-ovuled. June— August. Alpine or more rarely subalpine meadows and rocks. — Caucasus: Gr. Cauc. and W. Transc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus (Main Range). Type in Leningrad. 42. G. steupii Schischk. in Candollea III (1928) 473. Perennial; rhizome long, stout, creeping, bearing at the top flowering stems and sterile shoots; flowering stems 30—40 cm long, erect, glabrous, simple or slightly branched at summit; lower leaves narrowly linear, 3—10 cm long and 1.5—2 mm broad, glabrous; cauline leaves 4 or 5 pairs, 1.5—3.0 cm long, much shorter than internodes, connate at base; flowers in a loose head; bracts broadly scarious-margined; pedicels 4—6 mm long; calyx 5—6 mm long, glabrous; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined, one-third the length of calyx; petals white, broadly obovate, gradually tapering to claw, twice as long as calyx. End of May, June, July. Rocks. — Caucasus: W.Transc. Endemic. Described from Muzakak Range and Mzymta River Pass. Type in Leningrad. 43. G.uralensis Less. in Linnaea [IX (1834) 172; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 292; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1088.— G.uralensis var.typica et var. glabra Kryl.in Trav. Soc. Nat. Kaz. IX, 6 (1881) 40.— Arenaria gmelini Fisch. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 172.— Gypsophila gmelini Schischk. in Berichte Tomsk. Abt. Russ. Botan. Gesell. III (1930) 117, non Bge. 580 764 Perennial, woody at base, with numerous stems and densely leafy sterile shoots; flowering stems 5—20cm long, glabrous in lower part, glandular- pubescent above (sometimes glabrous throughout — var.glabra Kryl.); radical leaves linear, 1—5 cm long and 0.5—2 mm broad, short-acuminate or obtusish, with prominent midrib and 2 faint lateral veins; cauline leaves 3 or 4 pairs, resembling the radical but smaller; flowers 5—10, in a terminal corymbiform panicle; pedicels equaling or shorter than calyx; bracts linear- lanceolate, long-acuminate, scarious except for green midrib; calyx campanulate, 3—4.5 mm long and 2.5—3 mm broad; teeth ovate, obtuse, scarious-margined, nearly half length of calyx; petals white, twice to thrice as long as calyx; capsule scarcely exceeding calyx; seeds ca. 1.5mm long, finely tuberculate. July. Rock crevices and stony slopes. — European part: Ural (lower reaches of Vishera River). Endemic. Described from the Urals (Taganai mountains), Type in Leningrad. 44, G. sambukii Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 680. Perennial, glabrous throughout; rhizome 3—5 mm thick, multicipital, bearing numerous flowering stems and sterile shoots; stems 10—20cm long, ascending at base, then erect, branched in inflorescence; leaves linear, 2—5.5cm long and ca. 1mm broad, acutish; cauline leaves 2—4 pairs, connate at base into a short sheath; flowers in a terminal corymbiform panicle; pedicels 2—5 mm long; bracts triangular-lanceolate, scarious; calyx campanulate, 4mm long; teeth ovate, obtuse, broadly scarious-margined, ciliate, more or less violet-tinged, half length of calyx; petals rose-violet, twice to two and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 14—16-ovuled; capsule ovoid, slightly exceeding calyx; seeds reniform-rounded, ca. 1.5mm long, sharply tuberculate on the back. August. Outcrops. — Arctic: Arc.Sib. Endemic. Described from the banks of Medvezhi River. Type in Leningrad. Series 9. Elegantes Schischk. — Annuals or more rarely perennials; stems branched, glabrous; petals white or pink, notched, twice to four times as long as calyx; ovary containing 12—18 ovules. 45. G. elegans M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 319; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 290; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 551; Rupr. Fl. Cauc.1, 181; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 418. — G.producta Stapf, Die botan. Ergebn. d. Polak'schen Exped.n. Pers. II (1886) 12. — Ic.: Grossh., Sosnow. et Schischk. Fl. Tiflis. 1, fig. 84 ad pag. 206; Boiss. Atlas Pl. Jard.t. 36. Annual, glabrous throughout; stem branched from base or in upper part, 20—50 cm long; leaves thickish, 1-veined, the lower oblong-lanceolate, the median and upper lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2—4 cm long and 3—4mm broad; inflorescence a loose panicle; bracts very small, lanceolate or linear, scarious on the margin or throughout; pedicels filiform, 1—3 cm long; calyx broadly campanulate, glabrous, 3—3.5mm long; teeth obtuse or minutely mucronulate, scarious-margined, half length of calyx; petals pink, purple-nerved, twice to thrice as long as calyx, rounded or emarginate at apex; ovary 12—16-ovuled; capsule one and a half times as long as calyx; seeds subglobose, compressed laterally, bluntly tuberculate. June—July. 581 '765) PLATE XLVIII. 1.Gypsophila capituliflora Rupr.: flower, petal.—2. G. yorae Woron.: stem node. — 3. G. lipskyi, Schischk.— 4. G. fedtschenkoana Schischk.: flower. — 5. G. alsinoides Bge. 582 Stony slopes, waterside pebbles, and among crops. — European part: Bl. (Odessa), Crim. (Feodosiya); Caucasus: Gr. Cauc., Cisc., Dag., E. and S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (introduced), As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Terek River valley and Mount Kazbek. Type in Leningrad. 46. G. silenoides Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 182; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 422. — Gweapillipes Preyn, et Sint.in Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. XLI (1891) 363. — Weasel. Orient. exs. no. 261. Perennial; stems ascending or sometimes procumbent, 10—25 cm long, branched from base or from the middle, glabrous; leaves glaucescent, lanceolate, 2—5 cm long and 2—3.5 mm broad, sometimes flacate, obtusish, 1-veined, glabrous; inflorescence a loose panicle; bracts ovate, acute, scarious except for midrib; pedicels filiform, 1—2.5cm long; calyx campanulate, 3.5—4 mm long; teeth elliptic-oblong, obtuse, scarious- margined, nearly half length of calyx; petals pink, purple-nerved, twice to thrice as long as calyx, oblong-cuneate, notched; ovary 15- or 16-ovuled; capsule subglobose, slightly exceeding calyx; seeds reniform, black, subglobose, compressed laterally, 1.2mm in diameter, tuberculate. June— August. 167 Alpine meadows. — Caucasus: Mountains of Centr., E., and W. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., As. Min. Described from Adzharia (Somliya Mountains. Type in Leningrad. 47, G.heteropoda Freyn in Bull. de l'Herb. Boiss. 2-me ser. III (1903) 865; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II,418.— G@.modesta Bornm. in Bull. de l'Herb. Boiss. 2-me ser. V (1905) 62. G.nanella Grossh.in A. Grossh. et B. Schischk. Plantae orient. exs. Fasc. 1I—VIII (1924) 5. — Exs.: Pl. orient. Bxs MO0). Annual; stem branched, 3—20(25) cm long, glabrous, the upper internodes somewhat viscid; leaves lance-linear to linear, 1.5—3.5cm long and 2-4 mm broad, narrowing toward base, gradually acuminate toward apex, 1-veined or obscurely 3-veined; flowers in a loose inflorescence, on pedicels 3—20mm long; bracts ovate, acute, broadly scarious-margined or scarious throughout; calyx broadly campanulate, 1.5—2.2 mm long; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined, more than half lenght of calyx; petals white, linear- spatulate, scarcely emarginate, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; ovary 14—18-ovuled; capsule one and a half times length of calyx; seeds 0.5mm in diameter, smooth. May—June. Sandy slopes and consolidated sands. — Caucasus: S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Kara K., Kyz. K. Gen. distr.: N.Iran., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Krasnovodsk. Type in Vienna; cotype in Leningrad. Series 10. Grandiflorae Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 293, ex parte (sub subdiv.).— Perennials, often woody in lower part; flowers usually numerous, in a loose inflorescence or in a head; petals pink, rarely white, one and a half to four times as long as calyx; ovary containing 8 to 18 ovules. Completely glabrous plants, often glaucous. 48. G. patrinii Ser. in DC. Prodr.I (1824) 353; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 1089.— G.thesiifolia Ser.,1.c.(1824).— G.gmelini Bge. in Ldb. FI. 583 768 Alt. II (1830) 128; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 293.— G.gmelini a patrini,B caespitosa,yintermedia Turcz, Fl. baic.-dahur.I (1842) 200—201.— G.acutifolia B gmelini Rgl.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV (1861) 536. — Ic.: Ldb. Ic. Fl. Ross. V, tab. 402. Perennial, glabrous throughout; taproot stout, multicipital; radical shoots numerous, Short, giving rise to numerous herbaceous stems, these erect, 20—60 cm long (rarely 10—15cm long.— var.caespitosa (Turcz.) Schischk.); leaves linear (var.thesiifolia (Ser.) Schischk.) or lance- linear, 1-6 cm long and 1—5 mm broad, acute, glaucescent, flat with prominent midrib beneath or keeled and almost trigonous; inflorescence a loose corymbiform panicle; pedicels 0.5—2 cm long; calyx campanulate, 2.5—4 mm long and 2—3 mm broad; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined, nearly half length of calyx; petals whitish-pink, twice to four times as long as calyx, cuneately attenuate at base, obtuse at apex; ovary 12—16-ovuled; capsule broad-ovoid, ca.4mm long; seeds to 1.5mm long, muricate. June—August. Stony slopes and rocks on pebbly riverbanks. — European part: V.-Kama (S. Urals-Petrovskoe, Khalilovo); W. Siberia: Alt., Irt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Zaisan district), Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: N. Mong. Described from the environs of Ust- Kamenogorsk. Type in Geneva. 49, G.dahurica Turcz. ex Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 294.— G.gme- lini Bdahurica Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah.I (1842) 201. Perennial, glabrous and glaucous throughout; rhizome woody; stems numer- ours, herbaceous, ascending at base, 50—80 cm long; leaves lance-linear, more rarely linear, 3—6 cm long and 3—7(15) mmbroad (var.angustifolia Fenzl., 1—2 mm broad), gradually acuminate, narrowing toward base, 3—5-veined, com- monly with short leafy branchlets in the axils; inflorescence a contracted corym- biform panicle; pedicels as long as calyx; bracts scarious, lanceolate, gradually acuminate; calyx campanulate, 3—4 mm long; teeth triangular, acutish, scarious, one-third to half length of calyx; petals white or pale rose, twice to thrice as long as calyx; ovary 12—16-ovuled; capsule scarcely exceeding calyx; seeds muriculate. July—August. Steppe meadows and gravelly steppe slopes. — E. Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu.(?), Uda. Gen. distr.: Mongolia. Described from Nerchinsk. Type in Leningrad. 50. G. pacifica Kom., in Bull. Jard. bot. Petrogr. XVI (1916) 167; Kom., Fl. Manchzh. II, 206. Perennial, much branched, glabrous; stems 60—80cm long, densely leafy; leaves broadly lanceolate, 3.5—5 cm long and 1—2.5 cm broad, sessile, clasping at base, acuminate or more rarely obtusish; inflorescence divaricately paniculate; bracts lanceolate, acute, scarious; calyx narrowly campanulate, 2—3 mm long; teeth obtuse, broadly white-margined, one-third length of calyx; petals pink, twice to two and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 16-ovuled; capsule subglobose, 3mm in diameter; seeds reniform, ca. 1mm long, bluntly tuberculate. July—September. Rocky slopes and crevices of seaside cliffs. — Far East: Uss., Okh. (? ). Gen. distr.: Manchuria. Described from the Rakovka River valley and Taodema River. Type in Leningrad. 584 (70 51. G. capituliflora Rupr.in Osten-Sacken et Ruprecht, Sertum tianscha- nicum (1869) 40; Schischk.in Trav. du Mus. bot. de l'Acad. Sc. de 1'URSS XXIV (1932) 34. — G.pamirica Preobr. in Bull, Jard. bot. Petrogr. XVI (1916) 181.—G.semiglobosa Czernjak. in Not. Syst. ex Herb. Hort. bot. Petrop. III (1922) 129. Perennial, tufted; flowering stems numerous, 6—25 cm long, glabrous, glaucous, simple or with 1—2 branches at summit; leaves thickish, narrowly linear, subtriquetrous, 1—3 cm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, 1-veined, acute, glabrous; flowers in a terminal head 1—2 cm in diameter; bracts scarious, ovate, acuminate or abruptly terminating in a short point; pedicels slender, ca. 1mm long; calyx campanulate, 3.5—5 mm long; teeth triangular, acute, scarious-margined, one-third to half length of calyx; petals pale rose or whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 18-ovuled; capsule oblong, about equaling calyx; seeds globose, dark purple. July—August. (Plate XLVIII, Figure 1). Stony slopes in the alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Arpa River valley (Tien Shan). Type in Leningrad. 52. G. preobrashenskyi Czernjak. in Not. Syst. ex Herb. Horti Petropol. Ill (1922), 126. Perennial, tufted, 15—20 cm in diameter; stems 30—45 cm long, suberect, sometimes subsecundly branched at summit, glabrous, glaucous; leaves linear, 4.5—6 cm long and 1—1.5 mm broad, thickish, subtrigonous, glabrous; flowers at tips of stems and of 2 or 3 branches in a capitate inflorescence 2—2.5cm in diameter; pedicels 1—1.5 mm long; bracts membranous, ovate, to 3mm long, short-acuminate; calyx tubular, 5—5.5 mm long, and 3mm broad, glabrous; teeth lanceolate, acute, one-third length of calyx; petals pale rose, one and a half times as long as calyx, cuneate-linear, scarcely emarginate; ovary 12—14-ovuled; capsule oblong, slightly exceeding calyx; seeds reniform, wrinkled. July—September. Taluses and stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: W. T.Sh., E. Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Talass Ala-Tau (Keinar valley near Dzhilda-Gulat. Type in Leningrad. 53. G. lipskyi Schischk. in Candollea III (1928) 475. Perennial, woody at base, profusely branched; stems erect, 10—20cm long, covered in lower part with scattered thickish hairs, glabrous above; leaves narrowly linear, ca. 1 cm long and 0.5—0.7 mm broad, thickish, 1-veined, glabrous, scabrous-margined, much shorter than internodes; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, herbaceous, narrowly scarious-margined; pedicels 3—10mm long; flowers in few-flowered corymbs; calyx broadly campanulate, 3mm long, glabrous; teeth oblong, obtuse, scarious-margined, half length of calyx; petals pink, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx, oblong-linear, notched; ovary 8-ovuled. June. (Plate XLVIII, Figure 3). Dry slopes. — Caucasus: E. and 8. Transc. Endemic. Described from Hakhichevan district (Ganza). Type in Leningrad. ¥*54. G.brachypetala Trautv.in A. H. P.II, 2 (1873) 471; Boiss. Suppl., 85; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 420. Perennial, woody at base, profusely branched; herbaceous stems erect, 8—15 cm long; radical leaves densely crowded, linear, 5—6 cm long and 585 771 2—3 mm broad, acute, the margin and midrib scabrous; cauline leaves similar but smaller; bracts small, acute, herbaceous, scarious-margined; flowers 10—15 in a rather dense corymbose terminal inflorescence; pedicels glabrous, shorter than to very slightly longer than calyx; calyx campanulate, 3.5—4.5 mm long, glabrous; teeth ovate, obtuse or mucronulate, half length of calyx; petals pale rose, slightly exceeding to one and a half times as long as calyx, rounded at apex; ovary 8-ovuled. July. Southern slopes in the alpine zone. Occurring in border areas of Turkey, in the former Kars Region. Endemic. Described from Ashikh- Dade. Type in Leningrad. Series 11. Hispidae Schischk. — Calyx 4—7 mm long; leaves ovate or lanceolate; plants covered with long patulous hairs. 55. G. hispida Boiss. Diagn. ser.I, 1 (1842) 11; Fl. Or. I, 552; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. I], 419.— G.ixodes Hausskn. in Bornm. It. pers. turc. in Beihefte zum botan. Centralbl. XXVIII, Abth. II (1911) 137.— G.xanthina Bornm. et Woron.in Monit. du Jard. bot. de Tiflis, livr.32 (1914) 1. Perennial, glaucescent, glabrous in lower part, glandularhairy above; stems numerous,erect,20—40 cm long, branched from the middle; leaves glaucous, the lower acute, obscurely 3-veined, glabrous, the upper smaller, linear -lanceolate to sublinear, densely glandular-pubescent; bracts subsetaceous, herbaceous; pedicels filiform, erect, 5—20 mm long, densely hairy; calyx tubular-campanulate, 4—6 mm long, long-villous; teeth ovate, obtuse, broadly scarious-margined, half length of calyx; petals lemon- yellow or almost white, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx, notched; ovary 8—12-ovuled. June—July. Stony and dry clayey slopes. — Caucasus: 8. Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.- Kurd., As. Min. Described from Cappadocia. Type in Geneva. 56. G. fedtschenkoana Schischk. in Not. Syst. ex Herb. Hort. Petrop. VI, 3 (1926) 7. — Exs.: HFR no. 2986. Perennial; stem branched from base, rather stout, erect or ascending, 40—80 cm long, covered with long patulous glandular hairs, viscid; leaves connate at base in pairs, ovate or lanceolate, 3—6 cm long and 1—3 cm broad, many-veined, glabrous or glandular-pubescent; inflorescence an open panicle; pedicels patulous-hairy, equaling to twice or thrice as long as calyx; calyx tubular-campanulate, densely glandular-pubescent; teeth obtuse, 3-nerved, half length of calyx; petals pink, twice as long as calyx, notched; ovary 16-ovuled; capsule subglobose, many-seeded, shorter than calyx. May—June. (Plate XLVIII, Figure 4). Steppe slopes. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. (Kugart Pass), Pam.-Al. (Gazimailik). Endemic. Described from the Kugart River (Kirghizia). Type in Leningrad; cotype in Tomsk. Section 5. BUCHARICAE B. Fedtsch.in A. H. P. XXXII, 1 (1916) 7. — Taproot tuberous; calyx tubular-campanulate; ovary containing 3—6 ovules. 57. G. bucharica B. Fedtsch. in A. H. P. XXXII, I (1911) 7. — Exs.: Edit. Hort. Bot. Petrop. no. 10. 586 Perennial; taproot elongated, much thickened, the thickened part 10cm long and 3—4.5cm in diameter; stems 3—5, branched, leafy almost from base; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3—6 cm long and 5—8 mm broad, sessile, clasping, glabrous; inflorescence an open panicle; pedicels filiform, 1—3 cm long, thickened below the flower; bracts lanceolate, 1.5—2 mm long, acute, scarious-margined and often violet-tinged; calyx tubular-campanulate, 7—10mm long, glabrous, with broad membranous hairs on the internerves; teeth rather short, obtuse, scarious-margined; petals rose-purple, narrowly oblong, twice as long as calyx, scarcely and irregularly denticulate at apex; ovary 14-ovuled; capsule ovoid, 6 mm long; seeds triangular-reniform, ca.2mm long, almost smooth. May—June. Dry slopes at altitudes of about 2,000m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Baldzhuan in the Vakhsh River valley and Sanglak Range). Endemic. Described from the Vakhsh River valley. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Deserving introduction into cultivation as ornamental for its beautiful flowers. 58. G.intricata Franch. in Annal.d.Sc. Nat. bot. XV (1883) 238. Perennial; tubers oblong or globose, usually several, 1—5 cm in diameter; stem profusely branched from base, glaucous, glabrous; leaves connate at base, oblong, 1.5—3 cm long and 3—7 mm broad, acute or acuminate, with prominent midrib; inflorescence an open panicle, the slender branches glabrous or in the forks glandular-hairy; pedicels filiform, 1—2 cm long, often violet-tinged, glandular-pubescent or glabrous; bracts white-scarious; calyx tubular-campanulate, 3 mm long, glabrous, with ovate teeth; petals white, twice to thrice as long as calyx, narrowly oblong, notched; ovary 3-ovuled; capsule globose, exceeding calyx; seeds round, smooth, to 1.5mm in diameter. May—July. Argillaceous and calcareous slopes and taluses. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Chukalik Pass opposite Urmitan. Type in Paris. 772 Section 6. PSEUDOACANTHOPHYLLUM Boiss. FI. Or.1I (1867) 537. — Calyx oblong-campanulate; petal claw gradually passing into a spatulate limb; ovary containing 8—10 ovules; capsule 1- or 2-seeded. Undershrubs with acicular spinescent leaves. 59. G. popovii Preobr.in Pochvennye ekspeditsii v bass. r.r.Syr-Dar'i i Amu-Dar'i, no. II (1916) 47, Plate 4. Perennial, woody at base, profusely branched; flowering branches numerous, 20—25 cm long, densely leafy in lower part, the upper internodes elongated; leaves trigonous, flat above, convex beneath, acicular-spinescent, spreading, minutely puberulent or glabrous, finely scaberulous on the margin, 1—2.5cm long, often with abbreviated sterile branchlets in the axils; lower leaves marcescent, persisting as brown prickles; flowers in 3—10- flowered terminal and axillary capitate inflorescences; pedicels very short; heads subtended by involucre of 2 navicular terminal leaves; bracts broad- ovate, half as long as calyx, abruptly or gradually acuminate, with a broad- scarious margin; calyx puberulent, narrowly campanulate, 5—7 mm long and 587 773 1.5—2 mm broad; teeth lanceolate, acuminate, scarious-margined, one-third length of calyx; petals spatulate-linear, scarcely longer than calyx; seeds reniform, to 2mm long, minutely tuberculate. May. Rocks. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan Peak), Mtn. Turkm. (Kugitang). Described from Kugitang. Type in Leningrad. Subgenus 2. DICHOGLOTTIS (Fisch. et Mey.) Endl. Gen. pl. (1840) 972; Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 536, part.; sect. Paniculiformes b.effusae Subsect.I.Drypidipetala Will.in Journ. of Bot. XXIV (1889) 326. — Gen. Dichoglottis Fisch. et Mey. Ind.I sem. H. Petrop. (1835) 25. — Calyx dissected nearly to base; petal claw not constricted at summit, gradually enlarged into the limb, this 2-fid or 2-parted to below the middle; radicle of seed very short, not prominent. Annuals. 60. G. linearifolia (Fisch. et Mey.) Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 550, ex parte; Shishk.in Fl. Yugo-Vost.IV,299.— Dichoglottis linearifolia Fisch. et Mey. Index I Hort. Petrop. (1835) 26.— G.szowitsii B glandulosa Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 289. — Ic.: Claus, Ind. in Gobel. It. II (1838), Ca2utsals. Perennial, glandular-pubescent throughout; stem slender, branched from base, 8—25 cm long; leaves linear or spatulate-linear, 1—2 cm long and 1—2 mm broad, obtuse; bracts small, herbaceous, slightly recurved; pedicels filiform, 1—2 cm long; calyx ca. 2mm long; teeth oblong-linear, obtuse, narrowly scarious-margined, three-quarters length of calyx; petals white, linear, one and a half times as long as calyx, 2-fid; ovary 12—16-ovuled; capsule scarcely exceeding calyx; seeds ca. 0.5mm in diameter, minutely tuberculate. June—July. Gypseous hills and desert steppes. — European part: L. V.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (S. W.); Centr, Asia: Ar.-Casp. Endemic. Described from the E. coast of the Caspian Sea. Type in Leningrad. 61. G. spathulifolia (Fisch. et Mey.) Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 290; Boiss. Fl. Or.1,552.— Dichoglottis spathulifolia Fisch. et Mey. ex Fenzl, l.c. Perennial, glandular-pubescent throughout; stem branched from base, 7—15 cm long, leafy up to the summit; leaves spatulate to oblong-spatulate, 2—2.5cm long and 6—10 mm broad, petiolate, covered with white articulate hairs interspersed with glandular; flowers in the leaf axils; pedicels filiform, 3.5—7 mm long, thickened at summit; calyx oblong, 5—7 mm long, to 3mm broad; teeth oblong, obtuse, narrowly membranous-margined; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx, linear-spatulate, 2-fid or pectinate-toothed; stamens 5, as long as calyx; ovary 15—30-ovuled; capsule oblong, scarcely exceeding calyx; seeds reniform, bluntly tuberculate. May. Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Endemic. Described from the E. coast of the Caspian Sea. Type in Leningrad. 62. G.alsinoides Bge.in Arb. Naturf. Ver. Riga I, 2 (1847) 179; Boiss. FI. Or. I, 549. 588 Perennial; stem slender, 10—20cm long, divaricately long-branched almost from base, glandular-hairy in lower part as are the leaves or the plant glabrous throughout; leaves linear-lanceolate, 1—1.5cm long and 1.5—3 mm broad, 1-veined, subacute; bracts scarious, triangular, ca.0.5mm long; pedicels filiform, glabrous, 5—-30mm long; calyx campanulate, 2—2.5mm long, glabrous; teeth obtusish, scarious-margined, 3-nerved, nearly length of calyx; petals white, cleft to below the middle into oblong- linear lobes, as long as or longer than calyx; ovary 6-ovuled; capsule globose, about equaling calyx; seeds ca.1mm in diameter. May—June. (Plate XLVIII, Figure 5). Taluses, dry slopes, and pebbles. — Centr. Asia: Kyz.K., Kara K. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Yan-Dara. Type in Leningrad. 714 Subgenus 3. MACRORRHIZAEA Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 536. — Calyx obconic- tubular or oblong; teeth acute or obtuse, one-fourth to one-third length of calyx; petals entire or scarcely emarginate; claw without constriction, gradually enlarged into the limb; radicle of seed elongated. Annuals. Series 1. Murales Schischk. — Indument consisting of simple hairs; calyx very small, with obtuse teeth. 63. G.muralis L.Sp.pl. (1753) 408; Fenzl in Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 288; Boiss. Fl. Or., 1, 554; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 132; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1085. — Sapo - naria muralis Lam. Fl. Franc. II (1781) 154.—Gypsophila purpurea Gilib. Fl. Lithuan. II (1781) 154.— G.agrestis Pers. Syn.I (1805) 492.— Dichoglottis muralis Jaub. et Spach, Illustr.I (1842) 13. G.serotina Haune in Bot. Bibl. (1801), t. 152. — Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, Zoe xs. ink no, 70d et 195i". Annual; stem solitary, usually branched from the base, 5—20 cm long, short-hairy in lower part as are the leaves, glabrous above; leaves linear 1—2.5cm long and 1—3 mm broad, 1-veined, attenuate at both ends; flowers in the axils of branches and terminal in forks of the stem; pedicels slender, capillary, many times as long as calyx; calyx broadly campanulate, glabrous, 2.5—3 mm long; teeth obtuse, one-quarter length of calyx; limb of petal pink, with darker nerves, commonly twice as long as calyx, abruptly contracted into a pale green claw, crenate or emarginate at apex; capsule ovoid, with numerous very small seeds. May—July. Fields, weed-infested crops, roadsides, habitations, water meadows, and borders of solonchaks. — European part: all regions except Arctic; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt., Alt.: E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Far East: Uss. Gen, distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Sweden, Germany, and Switzerland. Type in London. 64. G. stepposa Klok. in Journ. Soc. Bot. de Russie VI (1921) 137; Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Petropol. IV (1923) 95; Ukrainskii Bot. Zhurnal II (1924) 44.— G.muralis var.stepposa Schischk. in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, (1930) SOO per cs eek da. A. IM. no: 25). Annual; stem solitary, erect, 10—20cm long, branched from the middle, puberulent in lower part, glabrous above; leaves linear, 10—17 cm long and 1 mm broad, acute, somewhat fleshy, glaucescent; flowers in the leaf axils and at tips of branches; pedicels capillary, several times as long as calyx; calyx tubular, 3.5—4 mm long and 1.5mm broad, not enlarged at summit, 589 775 176 glabrous, ca.2.5 mm long; teeth obtuse, one-quarter length of calyx; petal limb almost white, with a very small pink spot, narrowly cuneate and sometimes sublinear, gradually passing into the claw; capsule ovoid, equaling calyx. June— August. Dry and solonchak steppes.— European part: Bl., V.-Don (Kupyansk district), L. Don; W.Siberia: U.Tob., (Orsk, Iletsk district); Centr. Asia: Syr D., Balkh. Endemic. Described from the Ukraine (Kislovskaya Stantsiya). Type in Kharkov; cotype in Leningrad. Series 2. Floribundae Schischk.— Indument consisting of glandular hairs; calyx 3.5—4 mm long, with acute teeth. 65. G. floribundae (Kar. et Kir.) Turcz. ex Ldb. Fl. Ross.1, 755 (1842); Boiss. Fl, Or, ) (1867) 553; Kryl., Pl! Zap. Sib. Vi 1086, — Dichos Vottus floribunda Kar.et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 165.— Sapo- naria floribunda Boiss. Diagn. ser.II, 1 (1854) 70. Annual; stem slender, 5—25 cm long, branched from base, covered with scattered glandular hairs; leaves linear, 0.5—2 cm long and 0.5—3 mm broad, acute, tapering toward base, glandular-pubescent all over or merely on the margins; inflorescence loosely paniculate; pedicels filiform, glandular- hairy, 2.15 mm long; calyx oblong-oval, 3.5—4 mm long and 1.5mm broad, glandular-pubescent; teeth triangular, acute, narrowly scarious-margined, one-third length of calyx; petals pink or whitish, very slightly longer or shorter than calyx, linear, 2-fid or notched; ovary 12—15-ovuled; capsule oblong-ovoid, about equaling calyx; seeds reniform, 0.6—0.75 mm in diameter, finely tuberculate. June—July. Stony slopes and grayish-brown loams. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Arganatin moutains (N. E. Kazakhstan). Type in Moscow. 66. G.filipes (Boiss.) Schischk. comb. nova.— Saponaria filipes Boiss. Diagn. Ser. II, I (1854) 69.—S.dichotoma Kom. in Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. XXVI (1896) 120,non G.dichotoma Bess. (1809).— Gypso- phila floribunda £.major Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 553. Perennial; stem branched from base, 7—22 cm long, glandular-pubescent; lower leaves ovate or linear-lanceolate, long-petioled, 1—2.3 cm long including petiole, 2.5—9mm broad, glaucescent, glandular-pubescent or glabrate, subobtuse or acute; pedicels filiform, glandular-pubescent, 5—25 mm long; inflorescence a loose forked panicle; calyx 4mm long, somewhat accrescent after flowering, glandular-pubescent, with narrow membranous stripes; teeth triangular, acute, one-fifth length of calyx; petals purplish-red, equaling or scarcely longer than calyx, linear, notched; capsule equaling or slightly exceeding calyx; seeds reniform, ca. 1mm in diameter, smooth, striate. June—July. Taluses and stony slopes, at altitudes between 1,800 and 2,700 mm. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Afghanistan. Described from Afghanistan. Type in Geneva. *67. G. picta Boiss. in Tchih. As. Min. (1860) 202; Fl. Or. 1, 554. — G.flo- ribunda Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 418, non Turcz. 590 77 Annual; stem branched from base, 8—28 cm long, glandular -hairy, some- times glabrous in lower part; leaves oblong-spatulate, somewhat fleshy, glabrous or glandular -hairy, 8—20mm long and 4—7 mm broad, the lower long -petioled, the upper sessile, tapering toward base, smaller and narrower; pedicels filiform, 4—10 mm long; flowers in loose dichasia at tips of stem and branches, forming a paniculate inflorescence; calyx tubular-campanulate 3—4 mm long, in fruit 4—5 mm long, glandular-pubescent; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined, one-quarter length of calyx; petals violet-rose when dry, linear-cuneate, slightly exceeding to one and a half times as long as calyx, rounded at apex; ovary 14—16-ovuled; capsule oblong, slightly exceeding to one and a half times length of calyx; seeds rounded-reniform, rugose- tuberculate, ca.1mm in diameter. June—July. Taluses, stony and clayey-stony slopes. So far unknown in the USSR, but occurring in the former Artvin district. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (Gyumyush-Khan). Described from Gyumyush-Khan. Type in Geneva. 3 Subgenus 4.HAGENIA (Moench) A.Br. in Flora XXVII (1843) 383; Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 537.— Gen. Hagenia Moench, Meth. (1794) 61. — Subgen. Pseudosaponaria Will.in Journ. of Bot. XXVII (1889) 322. — Calyx oblong-campanulate; petal claw long, attenuate at summit and clearly delimited from the limb; radicle of seed short, not prominent. Annuals. 68. G. porrigens (L.) Fenzl in Endl. Gen. Plant. 1 (1836—41) 972; Boiss. Fl. Or.1, 557; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.1I,419.—Saponaria porrigens L. Mant. II (1771) 239.— Silene porrigens L. Syst. Nat. III (1756) 230; Gouan, Illustr. (1773) 29.- Hagenia porrigens Moench, Meth. (1794) 61.—Ic.: Jacq. Hort. Vindob., tab. 109. — Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs. no. 268. Annual; stem branched, 15—80 cm long, densely leafy, glabrous in lower part, profusely covered in upper part and in inflorescence, as are the leaves with hairs 1.4mm long; leaves broadly lanceolate, glabrous or initially pubescent, 3—5-veined, acute; median cauline leaves 6—9cm long and 1—2 cm broad; pedicels filiform, glabrous, 1—3 cm long, spreading after flowering, borne in the axils of acute terminal leaves; calyx oblong-campanulate, 5—6 mm long, covered with long patulous hairs; accrescent in fruit; teeth obtuse, scarious-margined, one-quarter length of calyx; petals white, twice as long as calyx; limb cuneate, gradually passing into a distinct claw; ovary 18—20-ovuled; capsule broad-ovoid, equaling calyx; seeds black, 1—1.3mmin diameter, muricate. April—June. Fields and weed-infested places: Caucasus: S. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen, distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran, Mesopotamia, W. Europe (introduced). Described from the Orient. Type in London. Genus 494. TUNICA* (HALL.) SCOP.** Scop. Fl, Carn II, 1 (1772) 298. Flowers small, in a loose inflorescence; calyx tubular or campanulate, 5-toothed, with 15 nerves arranged in groups of 3; petals white or pink, with * From Latin tunica, coat, cover, skin. ** Treatment by S.G.Gorshkova. 591 778 elongated claw and entire or slightly emarginate limb; stamens 10; styles 2; capsule dehiscing by 4 teeth. Perennial or annual herbs, glabrous or covered with simple or glandular hairs; stems erect or ascending, simple or branched; leaves opposite, exstipulate, linear-subulate or linear to narrowly linear. 13 Perennial plants; stems numerous, paniculately branched; flowers with 4 bracts at base of ealy petals about one and a half times to twicevas lonstas calyx BES Se O. Mat Sara. 1. T. saxifraga (L.) Scop. ts Annual or biennial plants; pees ‘solitary or several, branched; flowers ebracteate; petals slightly longer than calyx ......... re 2. Glabrous biennial; branches more or less appressed to stem; leaves of the dense basal rosette lanceolate; cauline narrowly linear; calyx campanulate, with 5 blunt ribs and short-triangular acute ESCH ONE Fae hn ce eet ee eee ane e voeee Oe 2. T. stricta (Bge.) Fisch. et Mey. + Annual; stem branched, glandular-pubescent; all leaves subulate- linear; calyx obconic, prominently 5-ribbed, the ribs produced into AM LORTOM OOM Crate, vette erate aoe ee Manatee NS 3. T.pachygona Fisch. et Mey. 1. TY saxifraga (L-) Scop. Ply) Carn 1, 11772) 309;"Boiss. bivOrs tone: Shmal'"g., FI. 1,130; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.1I,424.— Gypsophila saxitraga L. Sp. pl. ed. 2 (1762) 584.— Dianthus saxifraga L.Sp.pl.(1753) 413. — Tunica ciliata Dulac, Fl. Haut.-Pyr. (1867) 260.— T.arenicola Nym. Consp. (1878) 100.— T.bicolor Jord. et Four. Brev. Pl. Nov. fasc.I (1866) 10.— T.xerophila Jord. et Four. Brev. Pl. Nov. fasc. 1 (1866) 10. — Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. VI (1844) tab. 247, f. 5006; Hegi Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. II (1909) tab. 102,f.2. — Exs.: Fl. stiriaca exs. no. 956. Perennial, glabrous, sometimes pubescent at base; stems numerous, ascending or more rarely ere¢t, paniculately branched, 10—50cm long; leaves narrowly linear, acute, 4--12 mm long and 0.5mm broad, sharply scabrous on the margin; flowers small, in,loose few-flowered cymes; bracts 4 at base of calyx, scarious, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with a prominent midnerve, half the length of the calyx; pedicels to 14mm long; calyx campanulate, 4—4.5mm long and 2 mm broad, 5-angled; teeth ovate, obtuse; petals pink or white, about twice as long as calyx, cuneately attenuate at base; capsule ovoid, dehiscing by 4 valves nearly to the middle; seeds small, oblong- ovaloid, pointed at summit, dark brown, minutely alveolate. June—July— August. (Plate LV, Figure 6). Sandy, pebbly, and stony places; dry slopes. — Caucasus: W.,E., and S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Europe. Type in London. 2. T. stricta (Bge.) Fisch. et Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. IV (1837) 50; Boiss. Fl. Or.I, 521; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 425; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V (1931) 1094—1095.— Gypsophila stricta Bge.in Ldb. Ic. Pl. Fl. Ross.I (1829) tab. 5; in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 129.— Dianthus recticaulis Ldb. Fl. Ross. I (1842) 287. — Ic.: Ldb., 1. c., 1 (1829) tab. 5. — Exs.: Bornm. fl. exs. Anatoliae or.no. 184. Biennial, herbaceous, glabrous; stems solitary to several, erect, branched, 12—40 cm long; branches alternate, more or less appressed to stem; leaves 592 narrowly linear, acute, 3.5cm long and 2—2.5 mm broad, acute, those of the dense basal rosette lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous-margined; flowers small, ebracteate, in a loose panicle; pedicels 10—12 mm long; calyx campanulate, 3—4mm long and 2—2.5 mm broad, with 5 green blunt ribs; teeth short-triangular, acute; petals white, oblong-obovate, slightly longer than calyx; capsule oblong-ovaloid, dehiscing by 4 teeth; seeds very small, ovate, compressed, minutely granulate, light brown. May—June. (Plate LV, Figure 5). Stony, pebbly, and dry mountain slopes, sandy-pebbly banks, and open pine woods. — Caucasus: W., H.,andS. Transc.; W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., Syr D., Pam.-Al., T.Sh. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Iran. Described from W. Siberia, from the Irtysh River. Type in Leningrad. 3. T.pachygona Fisch. et Mey. Ind.Sem. Hort. Petrop. IV (1837) 50; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 522; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 424. — Exs.: Bornmuller, pl. exs. Anatoliae or.no.190. Annual; stem erect, branched, to 10—45 cm long, glandular-pubescent; leaves subulate-linear, glabrous, acute, 7-30mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, with serrulate-scabrous margin; flowers few, small, ebracteate, in a loose inflorescence; pedicels elongated; calyx obconic, 7—8 mm long, and 2—4 mm broad, with 5 prominent nerves produced into a long point; teeth 5, ovate- subulate; petals white, sometimes reddish beneath, oblong, slightly longer than calyx; capsule oblong-obovoid; seeds small, brown, smooth, winged. May. Dry slopes.— Caucasus: S.Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Iran. Described from Anatolia (Tokat). Type in Leningrad. 779 Genus 495. KOHLRAUSCHIA* KUNTH ** Kunth, Fl. Berol. ed. 2, 1 (1838) 108. Flowers in dense heads with 6 scarious bracts at base; calyx tubular, with 5 obtuse teeth; petals unguiculate, with small entire limb; stamens 10; styles 2; capsule 4-toothed. Herbaceous plants; stems generally numerous, rather long; leaves linear, opposite, sessile, connate at base. 1. K. prolifera (L.) Kunth, Fl. Berol. ed. 2.1 (1838) 108; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il,425.— Dianthus prolifer L.Sp. pl. (1753) 410; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 286. — Tunica prolifera Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. Il,1 (1772) 299; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 516; phimal's, El. i; 129. — le.: Rehb. Ie. Bl. Germ. Vi, tab. 247, 4. 5009) Heer, Hl: Mitt. -Eur. IT (1 909) tab. 102, f.1.— Exs.: Fl. Hung. exs.no.150; Fl. Exs. Reipukl. Bohem. -Sloven. no. 26. Annual, glabrous; stems erect, simple or branched, bluntly 4-angled, 10—50 cm long; leaves linear, acute, 2.5—5 cm long and 1 mm broad, scabrous- margined; flowers in capitate inflorescences surrounded by 6 scarious bracts, of these the two outermost half as long as the others, mucronulate, the inner * Named for the history teacher, Kohlrausch, of Hannover (died in 1867) or the physicist Kohlrausch of Erlangen (died in 1858). ** Treatment by S. G. Gorshkova. 593 780 781 obtuse and exceeding calyx; calyx membranous, tubular, 7—9 mm long and 3—4 mm broad, with narrow obtuse teeth; petals pink or reddish-lilac, with elongated claw and obovate emarginate limb; capsule oblong-ovaloid, acerescent and rupturing calyx; seeds small, flat, rugose. June—July . (Plate LV, Figure 7). Stony and sandy places, and dry steppes. — European part: Bl., Crim.,; Caucasus: Cise.,Dag., Hvand’s. Transc. Gen. distr’: Centr, Hur Ball As. Min.,Ilran. Described from Europe. Type in London. Genus 496. ACANTHOPHYLLUM *« C. A. M. C. A.M. Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 210. Calyx tubular or turbinate, 5-toothed, scarious between the teeth; petals 5, usually colored, rarely white, the oblong-obovate or obcuneate limb gradually passing into a linear claw; stamens 10, often with exserted anthers; ovary unilocular, 4—10-ovuled, short pediceled; styles 2, membranous in lower part, short-cylindric or subglobose, as a result of abortion 1 - or 2-seeded, irregularly splitting transversely or dehiscing by teeth. Economic importance. Many species of the genus Acanthophyllum contain saponin in their underground organs and are sometimes used as a soap substitute. 1 Inflorescence densely capitate, often subspherical, rarely densely corymbose; leaves mostly subulate, rarely flat, usually acerose ae Late eats ad Birra cialied paeidy all SPT GRAN aerayen he PANU, at Ales ee 2. 7 Inflorescence paniculate or loosely corymbose; leaves usually LATO nOtsaGeT OS'S ews FS Ge IA Se) Meee al ey ini is) eh eta my) lp bencal ten enero ee eC 28. Che The capitulum surrounded by scarious oval obtuse or softly mucronulate bracts; individual flowers furnished with similar DRACTSE HY yqies Wi Reh PROD WIRE Re BERN S OIRR Ghedenn Cn aati oe a ar Involucral leaves and bracts lanceolate or navicular, herbaceous, stiff, subulate-acerose; leaves Ssubulate-acerose ............ 6. 3) 4 Stems glandular-pubescent; leaves lanceolate, 5-10 mm broad, TOUNGEA alHAWeNt n ANE ty y evialts tes Gas: bltelnee fe ete 24. A. korolkowii Rgl. ar Stems covered with simple hairs or glabrous; leaves linear, 0.5=2nm broad, acutewi ri Wo. eRe. 8 (eee as erent 4. 4. Plant glabrous throughout, sessile, 35—45 cm high; calyx cylindrical, (Ad ON nd TOMO) esta. thoes 25. A. elongatum (Preobr.) Schischk . + Plant more or less pubescent, 10—25 cm high; calyx campanulate, A= GTR TA, LOTS yh A laph Rk AE SI 2 a May GE am PUN RR Pear 3. ae Calyx 4—5 mm long, greenish, with lanceolate long-acuminate teeth; leaves 1/5 —2eaicmi long... i. Ne 26. A. serawschanicum Golenk. 1 Calyx 6mm long, violet-tinged, with broadly triangular acute teeth; leaves 1—1.7cm long 27. A. coloratum (Preobr.) Schischk. 6. Flowers small; calyx 3—4 mm long, in compact spherical heads A 2nnina in -dianveter rss 22) oa & iat SU Se Mar cto eee 7. ar Flowers large; calyx 5—9mm long, in loose corymbose-capitate nonspherical inflorescences . 0.5. 5 Glo sai. eee ie eee 8. ce Plant scabrid-pubescent throughout; flower-heads 7—12 mm in diameter: :calyso4 mm dong) 2. e6 ai tre 28. A.mucronatum C. A. M. * From Greek acantha, spine, and phyllon, leaf, referring to the subulate-spinescent leaves of typical representatives of the genus. 594 182 ico 12. IS 20. Plant glabrous throughout; leaves 10—15 mm long, minutely mucronulate; flower-heads 4—9mm in diameter; calyx 3mm NSTC AS ce Beis) goss waged peed tgegtey seh bis) re alas joey ol « 19. A.microcephalum Boiss. (OR OULE STFS IMO ES EC 2. GUNG OJ Ae UGA ne 25 OMS AS aire bendy eye Pee Meee mth ol iirdyt yar dd tied to carat he) a 21, A. glandulosum Bge. Leaves 1—2(2.5)cm long and 0.75 mm broad; flower-heads 0.7—-lcemindiameter .... 23. A.schugnanicum (Preobr.) Schischk. Plant covered throughout with very short glandular hairs without a Mitnne Of Sim plevmadrs. heaves; 1Og6, Cl \lOnG))). Gon.) stele Oke 2 8 4 eae Ss EEE GW GSMS TANGER EA a ge A ~9. A. korshinskyi Schischk. Plant glabrous or covered with simple hairs sometimes interspersed COPLEY (SEB USHELI aTr >: SY, ORs SARC NINE aa CoRR une a ION UP ep 13k Stems and leaves glabrous; calyx glabrous or scarcely PRIS SNe IN eRe bell ay te lata a a ai, al a aby alot) da al a Rel wei Mu ean ais 14, Stems and leaves pubescent; calyx always more or less , OL DSS GAT AT yA BR nONaE SP eNaOMEN Gch re Serle ee ae ee ee es Ea ie Calyx ca.5mm long; stems rather long; plants of shifting sands, usually not spherical-pulvinate; leaves more or less flat ..... 155 Calyx 7—9mm long; stems 15—30cm long; leaves subulate .... 16. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,5—10mm broad...... 16. A. elatius Bge. meavesuiuinear or lance=linear. l—3' mm broad) 2.2 24). ciao ae we ee peems 10—15 em long leavesn2 store LONG Gcayaes Abas}. we gees tle «ois Mibadarcaiicl te. dae d, bye Mi botely gl. tadort yor oe 5. A. subglabrum Schischk. Stems! 25-30 Cro one, leaves /4—5:Cml, LONG wt ot wenetyd ela de hain ok ee Mises ve, eh atane sacl ps decked ba Kew ialsiy ary ni tag th webu “a0 hal tlie 8. A.turcomanicum Schischk. SET OS tl AUP ia oh a alii ro alr aA ae irides aie reirarrnai rei Cag ia finales amin aes anlar Par eanv tr ae hey eaves dl 5 SCM LONSy, -pigin gytes eye Wehad ia vanced ou msayey el EME eneleeticvye Ge. |” s 1g) Calyx 5—6 mm long, covered with simple hairs; petals white....... Mae Ne KEEL cosets. wy bl asomss « Geusk oricre Ty shar 14. A.acerosum Sosn. Calyx 9-10 mm long, glandular-pubescent; petals dark red........ A earbe ete athe banih ais Yeees. iat Wier apne adhe a oi lah (ees ta a 15. A. pulchrum Schischk. Petals lilac; leaves obliquely ascending ... 3. A.lilacinum Schischk. Petals white, pink or reddish; leaves horizontally spreading ... -20. BLACtSIeCeCL, CX Ceeding iCal yxeANGsGOLOlialy .\[) wiiaek: Gury sume ghils © 2 «6 ss Bracts MECUEVEG sehOlel Gm AMaaneCaliysc pie). Poach yeah ada Matyas iat 2 ess Dike Calyx 8—9 mm long, densely covered with simple as well as uleraclnheiten aan kwae) Cheins goMh ripen Cig i ial. iver eas bone Pei) Sahm fol eal eis) ve) o's 22. 595 783 28 29. 30. 31. 32. Calyx covered with simple hairs, 6-7 mm long (very rarely COMOMaTTIN OTe) Phy kl AEN UE Ae tenet Ec Ao) Stems 35—40em long; bracts much shorter than calyx = “20 2 2.) A UR a a ae OE BOF RM 5 SRO hs 11. A, krascheninnikovii Schischk. Stems 10—20 em, long; bracts nearly equal to calyx) 7B. Gos eee pA PL SEND be TPM Ct Ds eee ee act at mae! LAS 10. A. adenophorum Freyn. Meavess4—8 em Jong) usually 1 mm broadway Bee. ae 24. Meaviesel.5—4 ecm longand mostly 1.5 mmlbwead’ tees eee a ae Ze Calyx 7—9mm long; flower-heads loose; leaves pubescent; aImnMOphilOUsplancsiy AN) G0, ek. Se 7. A. stenostegium Freyn. Calyx 6—7 mm long; flower-heads compact; leaves glabrous....... PS Tented o's Meee Tansee htt ea ead, gue MRR PF LOSS Ee AD 6. A.tenuifolium Schischk. Axillary fascicles very short; flower-heads ca.1.5cm in diameter: petals swiltiteim Air 8G artienehes lates 4. A.albidum Schischk. Axillary fascicles well developed; flower-heads 2—4 cm in diameter; petals commonly pink or ceddish) .G.0) 50.) 2 ao eae 26. Plants densely crisp-pubescent; petal-limb elliptic-linear, 125 mim sbroad acutey 2 kt Ae AOC Ree Me BOE e wy Aen ae Pie Plants less densely pubescent; petal-limb ovate, 2—2.5 mm DROAdMODtUSe yh ae ee ke ue ae 2. A. pungens (Bge.) Boiss. Calyx 7.5—8.5 mm long; leaves 0.5—1mm broad. (Centr. Asia) ; Rah eae ae a as A Gl it ate dah att 12. A. brevibracteatum Lipsky. Calyx 6—7 mm long; leaves 1—1.5mm broad (Caucasus).......... Es Pos aE ae ee RCE Ree Re ne Weer me eM Pe ae any ee er ee 1. A. Squarrosum Boiss. . Calyx 3—5.5mm long; petals slightly exceeding or one and a half mes as long as ca liyxr 5.5... cy Byes dH ccyeipsy ly tuctyas sp eee ee 29} Calyx cylindric, 7-10mm long; petals pink, twice as long as @alliyser Ee ee, ROAD Se os BANGER aS ihe 1 Rs eee oe Petals linear-oblong, as long as calyx; calyx teeth narrowly triangular -lanceolate, long-acuminate; pedicels 1—2mm long ...... AER bah cian oi cina oem ents, WenUhe M| aaty reer 33. A. tadshikistanicum Schischk. Petals obovate-oblong, one and a half times as long as calyx; calyx teeth broadly triangular jobtusish 21), a Sa ase eee 30. Flowers in compact 3-flowered dichasia at tips of branches, the lateral flowers of each dichasium borne on pedicels 0.5—1.5mm long; calyx 4mm long, scabrid-puberulent like the whole plant ..... Buh ORS Siete Suit, AS AN As Oe ee ain Se 31. A. paniculatum Rel. Flowers in loose 3-flowered dichasia at tips of branches, the lateral flowers of each dichasium borne on slender pedicels 5—10 mm long; calyx 3mm long, usually glabrous like the whole POL Ena Fa ae RES oe Pe Se = he ABS Wa aes 32. A. gypsophiloides Rgl. Herbaceous plants, covered with simple crisp hairs; stems IE Tocmalono: (Centr Asia) on) SLesitaye 30. A.transhyrcanum Preobr. Undershrubs, covered with patulous glandular hairs; stems 1b—40'.em long:(S.. Transcaucasia)! >). 442) ene eee 32. Calyx-teeth narrowly lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, 2—3 mm long; calyx; coyered with father short patulous hats = @)- onsen eee DEE Bis Wants OORT PLN OS ke OS 29. A. bungei (Boiss.) Trautv. Calyx-teeth triangular or triangular-lanceolate, acute, 1—1.5mm long; calyx densely covered with long patulous hales) 2 ca) eosn eee ROU a SET ERENT ie viet ll ana Dic Mce agit \ouare vette" rey ea Uae 28. A.versicolor Fisch. et Mey. 596 184 Subgenus 1. EUACANTOHPHYLLUM (Boiss.) Schischk. — Sect.Euacantho- phyllum Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 561.— Flowers in dense corymbose-capitate or spherical inflorescences; leaves subulate-acerose, rarely muticous; stamens 4—10; bracts herbaceous, rigid, subulate-acerose; ovules 4. Section 1. OLIGOSPERMA Schischk. — Flowers in rather loose corymbose or Spherical terminal heads; calyx 5—9mm long; bracts subulate-acerose; ovules 4. Series 1. Squarrosa Schischk. — Bracts recurved; plants covered with simple hairs; leaves 1.5—4 cm long. 1. A. Squarrosum Boiss. Diagn. ser. II, 1 (1855) 81; Fl. Or. 1, 562; Gorssg.., Fl. Kavk. Il,425.— A.pungens var.squarrosum Golenk.in A.H. P. XII (1893) 83. — Exs.: Th. Kotschy, Pl. Pers. austr. no. 440. A much branched undershrub, 10—30 cm high, densely crisp-pubescent; leaves subulate-acerose, 1.5—4 cm long and 1—1.5mm broad, spreading, sometimes arched-recurved, flat above, convex beneath; inflorescence a terminal corymb consisting of several to many heads 1.5—2 cm in diameter; flowers on very short pedicels, almost sessile; bracts reflexed at tips, 7mm long; calyx cylindric, 6—7 mm long, densely crisp-pubescent; teeth erect, short-lanceolate, acerose; petals white or pink, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb elliptic-linear, 1.2mm broad, acutish. June—July. Solonetz deserts and stony slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Hakhichevan, Dzhulfa, Orubad, Karabag). Gen. distr.: Iran and Beludzhistan. Described from S.Iran and Beludzhistan. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. 2. A. pungens (Bge.) Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 561; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1095.—Saponaria pungens Bge.in Ldb. icon. pl. Fl. Ross. I (1829), tab. 4 et in Ldb. Fl. Alt. II (1830) 133.— Acanthophyllum spinosum C. A.M. Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 210; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 333, non Dianthus spinosus Desf.in Ann. Mus. Paris I (1802) 198, tab. 16, fig. 1. — Ic.: Ldb. lice leew tab: 4) Perennial; taproot 3—15 mm thick, vertical, multicipital; stems several, divaricately branched from base, forming a subspherical bush, 15—35 cm long, short-hairy; leaves horizontally spreading, subulate-spinescent, 2—4 cm long and 1—1.5mm broad; axillary branchlets reduced to fascicles of smaller subulate leaves; flowers at tips of stems and branches in corymbose-capitate inflorescences 2—5 cm in diameter; bracts leaflike, reflexed at tips, acerose; calyx tubular, 6—7 mm long and 1.5—2 mm broad, puberulent; teeth broadly triangular, subulate-acerose, ca. 1mm long; petals reddish-pink, one and a half times as long as calyx; stamens nearly twice as long as calyx. May—June. (Plate XLIX, Figure 3). Stony slopes and sands. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh. Gen. distr.: N. W. Mong. Described from the sands along the Irtysh River near Lake Zaisan (N.). Type in Leningrad. Note. Up till now this has been an aggregate species and we are breaking it up into a number of distinct species. 597 785 PLATE XLIX. 1. Acanthophyllum elongatum (Preobr.) Schischk. —2. A, adenophorum Freyn. — 3. A. pungens (Bge.)Boiss.— 4, A.glandulosum Bge. —5. A. elatius Bge. — 6. A. borsczowil Litw. —7. A. korshinskyi Schischk. —8. A. serawschanicum Golenk, — 9. A. stenostegium Freyn. — 10,11. A. sordidum Bge.: flowers, branches.— 12, A. microcephalum Boiss. — 13, A. mu - cronatum C.A.M. 598 3. A. lilacinum Schischk.in Addenda V, p. 680. Perennial, woody and profusely branched at base; forming a spherical bush 20—25 cm high; herbaceous stems somewhat flexuous, branched only in inflorescence, scabrid-puberulent, faintly violet-tinged; leaves subulate, 2.0—3.5cm long and 1.2 mm broad, slightly convex above, concave beneath, acerose, scabrid-pubescent, obliquely ascending; axillary fascicles very short; flowers in heads 1—2.5cm in diameter, forming a rather compact corymbose inflorescence; bracts subulate-pointed from ovate or narrow- ovate base, crisp-pubescent on the back, usually recurved; calyx cylindric, ca. 7mm long, violet-tinged at summit; teeth lance-subulate, acerose, 1.5—2 mm long; petals lilac, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lance-ovate, ca. 1.5mm broad, acute. July. Gravelly slopes at altitudes of about 1,400 m.~— Centr. Asia: Mt. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh Range, environs of Sulyuklyu village).Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. 187 4, A. albidum Schischk. in Addenda V, p. 681. Perennial, strongly woody and branched at base; stems ascending or erect, 15—32 cm long, grayish throughout from dense cover of short hairs; leaves subulate, 2—4 cm long and ca. 1.5mm broad, puberulent or glabrate, horizontally spreading, acerose; sterile axillary shoots very short; flowers at the end of stems in heads 1—5 cm in diameter forming a rather broad corymbose inflorescence; calyx tubular, 6—7 mm long, covered with short crisp hairs; teeth subulate, ca. 1mm long; petal-limb white, faintly pink at base, 1.5mm broad, obtuse. May. Conglomerate slopes. — Centr. Asia: Syr. D.(Kokand and Margel rivers). Endemic. Described from Kosh-Karchi (Margel River). Type in Leningrad. 5. A. subglabrum Schischk. in Addenda V,p. 681.— A.stocksianum 8B pubescens Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. III (1903) 868. Perennial, woody and branched at base; herbaceous stems numerous, 10—15 cm long, glabrous or sometimes very slightly scaberulous; leaves subulate-acerose, 2—3.5 cm long and 1.5mm broad, horizontally spreading, glabrate, the margin ciliate; flowers in heads 1—3 cm in diameter at ends of stems and branches; calyx tubular, 7mm long, glabrate or sparsely covered with short thickish hairs; teeth lance-subulate, acerose; bracts acuminate from narrow-ovate base, squarrose from the middle, scabrid-pubescent on the back; petals rose-lilac; limb narrow-ovate, ca. 1.5mm broad, acute to obtusish. June—August. Gravelly slopes at altitudes between 1,400 and 1,500m.-— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh Range, Kizyl-Arvat, Chuli, Suluklyu, Firyuza). Endemic. Described from environs of Chuli (Kopet Dagh). Type in Leningrad. 788 Series 2. Tenuifolia Schischk. — Bracts squarrose; plants more or less pubescent; leaves 4—8 cm long. 6. A.tenuifolium Schischk. in Addenda V, p. 682. Perennial, subspherically pulvinate; taproot 6—8 mm thick, obliquely ascending; stems numerous, ascending, 25—30 cm long, simple, minutely puberulent; leaves horizontally spreading, sometimes recurved, 4—5 cm long Dhl 789 and 1mm broad, subulate-acerose, glabrous or obscurely scaberulous; axillary shoots reduced to fascicles, mostly half length of leaf, rarely exceeding the leaf; flowers at ends of stems in corymbose-capitate inflores- cences 2—6cm in diameter; bracts subulate-acerose from narrow-ovate base, puberulent on the back; ciliate-margined; calyx cylindrical, 6-7 mm long, 1-2 mm broad; teeth lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, subacerose, ca. 1mm long; petals reddish-pink, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb narrow-ovate, ca. 1.5mm broad, obtuse to acutish. June. Dry places. — Centr. Asia: Syr D.(Fergana, Mailisai). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. 7. A. stenostegium Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, III (1895) 866. Undershrub, 20—30 cm high; branches erect, bright green, slightly pubescent, the lower internodes 1.2 cm, the upper to 4 cm long; leaves horizontally spreading, subulate-acerose, 4—8 cm long and 1 mm thick, twice length of internodes, flat above, convex beneath; inflorescence terminal, loosely corymbose; bracts leaflike, horizontally spreading, acerose, the lower longer, the upper shorter than calyx; calyx tubular, 7—9mm long, pubescent; teeth 5, one-third as long as calyx, subulate-acerose; petals reddish-pink, one and a half times as long as calyx; stamens nearly twice length of calyx. May—June. (Plate XLIX, Figure 9). Hummocky sands and sandy slopes. — Centr. Asia: Kara K., Mtn. Turkm, Endemic. Described from Ashkhabad district and between Appazhu and Gyaurs. Type in Vienna; cotype in Geneva. 8. A.turcomanicum Schischk. in Addenda V, p. 682, Perennial, glabrous throughout, except for the sometimes ciliate leaves and bracts, woody and profusely branched at base, 25—35 cm high; herbaceous stems whitish; leaves subulate, 3.5—5 cm long and 1.5mm broad, acerose, concave above, convex beneath, with axillary fascicles; flowers in corymbose- capitate inflorescences at ends of stems and branches; bracts lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, acerose; Squarrose, ciliate-margined, about equal to calyx; calyx cylindric, 8—9mm long, puberulent or subglabrous; petals rose-lilac, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb narrow-ovate, ca. 1.5mm broad, acute. May—June. Gravelly slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh: Vannovka, Chuli). Endemic. Described from the village of Vannovka. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Adenophora Schischk. — Bracts squarrose; plants covered with simple as well as glandular hairs or glandular only. 9. A. korshinskyi Schischk. in Trav. Mus. bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, XXIV (1932) a0 a heels Undershrub; stems branched from base, 25—35 cm long, glandular -hairy as are the leaves and inflorescence; branches ascending or erect, simple; leaves horizontally spreading, subulate-acerose, the middle cauline 5—6 cm long and 2mm broad at base, flat above, convex beneath, twice to five times the length of the internodes; inflorescence terminal, compactly corymbose, 2.5—5 cm across; involucral leaves 1—2.5cm long, in lower part 3mm broad; bracts more or less squarrose from about the middle, sometimes subpatulously so; calyx cylindric, 7-8 mm long, finely glandular -pubescent; teeth attenuate to a point, subacerose, one-third the length of the calyx; 600 790 petals light rose, about twice as long as the calyx; limb oblong, acute or acutish; stamens considerably exceeding petals. May—June. (Plate XLIX, Figure 7). Sandy hills. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kushka River and Takhta Bazar). Endemic. Described from the environs of Kushka. Type in Leningrad. 10. A. adenophorum Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, III (1895) 867. Undershrub, covered with glandular as well as simple hairs; stems 10—20 cm long, branched, densely leafy; leaves subulate, subhorizontally spreading, 2.5—4 cm long, ca. 2mm broad below, twice as long as internodes, flat above, convex beneath, fasciculiferous; flowers in corymbose-capitate terminal inflorescences 2—4cm in diameter; bracts lance-triangular from ovate base, not squarrose, densely long-hairy as well as glandular beneath, about equal to calyx; calyx cylindric, 8—9 mm long, pubescent; teeth triangular -lanceolate, subulate-acerose, one-third the length of the calyx; petals dark rose, one and a half times as long as calyx; stamens nearly twice the length of the calyx. May. (Plate XLIX, Figure 2). Clayey hills. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from Ashkhabad district, Kyzyl-Arvat and Kara-Kala. Type in Vienna. 11. A. krascheninnikovii Schischk.in Addenda, V, p. 682. Perennial, very woody and branched at base; stems numerous, 35—40 cm long, covered, as are the leaves, with short patulous hairs; leaves subulate, 1.5—3 cm long and 1—1.2 mm broad, horizontally spreading, acerose; flower- heads ca. 1.5cm in diameter; bracts linear-subulate, reclinate, acerose, much shorter than calyx, densely covered with rather long crisp implexed and sometimes glandular hairs; calyx cylindric, 9mm long, crisp-pubescent; teeth subulate-acerose, ca. 1mm long; petals pink, violet-nerved; limb ovate, to 2mm broad, acutish. June. Gravelly slopes. — Centr. Asia: Kyz. K. Endemic. Described from Sultan- Uizdag. Type in Leningrad. 12. A. brevibracteatum Lipsky in Mém. Soc. Nat. Kiew. XI, 2 (1891) 6. Undershrub, much branched, 18—20cm high; stems and leaves scabrid- puberulent, the pubescence intermixed with short glandular hairs; leaves subulate-acerose, 12—22 mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, subhorizontally spreading, triquetrous, convex beneath; inflorescence densely corymbose, consisting of several to numerous corymbiform heads ca.2.5cm in diameter; flowers subsessile; bracts linear-subulate, leaflike, slightly recurved from the middle, equal to or slightly shorter or longer than calyx; calyx cylindric, 7.5—8.5 mm long, crisp-puberulent; teeth subulate-acerose, ca.2mm long; petals light or dark pink, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb narrow-ovate, 1.5mm broad, acute; ovary 4-ovuled. June. Stony, often gypseous slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Kyzyl-Arvat. Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Aculeata Schischk. — Bracts erect or slightly recurved, exceeding or shorter than calyx; leaves 0.7—2.5 cm long. 601 791 792 13." A. aculeatum Schischk. in Addenda, V, p. 683. Perennial; stems branched from base, ascending, 10—15 cm long, scabrid- pubescent; leaves horizontally spreading, subulate, 1.5—2.5cm long and ca. 1mm broad, scabrid-pubescent, acerose; axillary shoots nonelongated, reduced to fascicle of short subulate leaves; flowers in hemispherical head 2.5—3.5cm in diameter; bracts subulate, acerose, erect or slightly recurved, exceeding the flowers, crisp-pubescent on the declivity of the dilated base, broadly scarious-margined, ciliate, calyx tubular, 9mm long, puberulent; teeth lance-subulate, ca. 2mm long; petals whitish-rose; limb narrow-ovate, ca. 1mm broad, acute. June. Dry hills, at altitudes of about 360m.— Centr. Asia: Syr D. (environs of Dzhizak). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. 14, A. acerosum Sosn.in Mon. du Jard. bot. de Tiflis, livr.36 (1915) 7. Undershrub, branched from base, densely cespitose; herbaceous stems densely puberulent, 8—15 cm long, slightly thickened at nodes, simple or short-branched at summit; leaves subulate, acerose, 7-10 mm long, spreading, glabrate, fasciculiferous; flowers in terminal and axillary heads 0.7—1.5cm in diameter, sessile or short-pediceled; bracts puberulent, surpassing the flower-head, acerose, scarious-margined at the triangular base; calyx 5—6 mm long, puberulent; teeth lanceolate, scarious-margined, ciliate, tapering to a rather long subulate point, one-third length of calyx; petals white, linear, one and a half times as long as calyx, emarginate. July. Stony slopes. — Occurring at Turkish borders between Olor and Norpet villages (former Oltu district). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Tbilisi. 15. A. pulchrum Schischk. in Izv. Tadzhikist. Bazy Akad. Nauk I, 1 (1933) LGnk— iC oO) 4Cl be Undershrub, 15—20 cm high, branched from base; branches procumbent or ascending in lower part, covered, as are the leaves, with short thickish often glandular hairs; leaves opposite, linear-subulate, 9-12 mm long and 0.5—0.7 mm broad; leaves of axillary fascicles shorter; flowers at tips of branches in compact corymbose-capitate inflorescences; calyx 9-10mm long, glandular-pubescent, sessile, enveloped at base by a pair of leaflike ascending acerose bracts; petals dark rosy-red or reddish-lilac, two and a half times as long as calyx; limb lance-ovate, acutish, gradually attenuate to a long claw; ovary 4-ovuled. June. Conglomerate taluses at altitudes of about 1,600 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.- Al. Endemic. Described from Tadzhikistan. (Kostrosh). Type in Leningrad. Series 5. Elatiora Schischk. — Calyx 5—6 mm long; plants glabrous or nearly so; stems long. 16. A. elatius Bge. ex Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 561; Golenkin in A. H. P. XIII, 83; Litw. in Trav. Mus. bot. III, 98.— A.spinosum Bge.in Pl. Lehman, 227,non C.A.M.— A.recurvum Rgl.in A.H. P.IX (1886) 606.— A.lati- folium Lipsky in Mém. Soc. Nat. Kiew XI, 2 (1891) 6. — Exs.: HFR no. 1854. 5402 602 793 Perennial; stems woody below; branches 60—100 cm long, glabrous, thickened at nodes; branches brittle; leaves lanceolate, 1.5—2 cm long and 3—6 mm broad, glaucescent, coriaceous, glabrous, rugoSe, acerose, one-third to half the length of internodes, the thick midrib prominent beneath; inflorescence terminal, corymbose, rather compact; bracts linear-lanceolate to linear, aceroSe, equal to calyx, spreading or recurved; calyx tubulate, slightly pubescent below the teeth, 5-6 mm long and 1—1.5 mmbroad; teeth lanceolate, subulate-acerose, one-third length of calyx; petals rose-lilac, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb lanceolate, acutish. May— June. (Plate XLIX, Figure 5). Sandy deserts, scrub, and Haloxylon woods. — Centr. Asia: Kara K., Kyz. K. (2). Gen. distr.: N. Iran. Described from Iran (Khorosan Pass between Messin and Mehran) and from Kara-Kum (Turkmenia). Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. 17. A. borsezowii Litw. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Pétersb. III (1907), nom. nud. descr. op. cit. VII (1910) 71.— A.pungens B glabriusculum Regl. in A.H. P. V (1877) 248. Undershrub, branched from base, slightly pubescent or subglabrous; stems whitish, 20—40 cm long; leaves subulate, ca. 0.5—1.5 cm long, horizontally spreading, acerose, 1—3mm broad at the flattish base; leaves of axillary fascicles shorter and narrower; flowers at ends of branches in rather loose corymbose-capitate inflorescences 2—3 cm in diameter; calyx cylindric, 5—6 mm long, sparsely covered with short simple hairs; teeth triangular, Scarious-margined, acerose; subtending bracts paired, ascending or deflexed, acerose, shorter than and sometimes not more than half as long as calyx; petals pink, about twice as long as calyx; limb lance- ovate, acutish, gradually narrowing to a long petiole; ovary 4-ovuled. June. (Plate XLIX, Figure 6). Sands.— Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Kyz. K., Syr D., Balkh. Endemic. Described from lower reaches of the Syr Darya River. Type in Leningrad. Section 2. TURBINARIA Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 563.— Flowers small, in compact axillary and terminal heads; bracts lanceolate, acerose; ovary 4-ovuled; leaves 7—15 mm long. 18. A.mucronatum C. A. M. Verzeichn. Pfl. cauc. (1831) 210; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 334; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 563; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 426. Perennial, scabrid-puberulent throughout; stem many branched, forming a spherical bush 25—50 cm high; leaves linear, 7-12 mm long and 1mm broad, terminating in a rather long subulate point, puberulent or sometimes subglabrous; axillary shoots reduced to a leafy fascicle; flower -heads compact, ca.10 mm in diameter; bracts herbaceous, linear, subulate-pointed, with ciliolate margin, ca.5mm long; calyx 4mm long; teeth acerose, one-quarter to one-third as long as calyx; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx. June— August. (Plate XLIX, Figure 13). Stony Slopes. — Caucasus: S.Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: N. Iran. Described from Talysh (Zuvant). Type in Leningrad. 19, A. microcephalum Boiss. Diagn. ser. I,1 (1842) 43; Fl. Or.I (1867) 564; Golenk. in A. H. P. XIII (1893) 85. 6023 794 Perennial, woody at base; stems herbaceous, whitish, glabrous, branched at summit, 10—30 cm long; leaves linear, 1—1.5cm and 1 mm broad, channeled above, convex beneath, short-acerose, glabrous, with short axillary fascicles; flowers in compact heads 4—9mm indiameter, at tips of branches; bracts linear-lanceolate, subulate-pointed, equaling calyx; calyx conic, ca. 3mm long, finely scabrid or subglabrous; teeth acerose, one-quarter to one-third as long as calyx; petals one and a half times as long as calyx; limb white, emarginate. May — July. (Plate XLIX, Figure 12). Stony and dry slopes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen.distr.: N. Iran. Described from N. Iran. Type in Geneva. Section 3. PLEIOSPERMA Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 565.— Flowers in corymbose terminal heads; bracts ovate or oblong, acerose, narrowly Scarious-margined; ovary 8—10-ovuled. 20. A.sordidum Bge. ex Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 565.— A.viscidum Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. sér. 2, III (1903) 869.— A. Spinidens Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. sér. 2, III (1903) 870. Undershrub, profusely branched at base; branches simple, stramineous, 8—15 cm long, with internodes 1—1.75 cm long; leaves subulate-acerose, the lower 1.2—2 cm long and 1.2—2.5mm broad, channeled above, convex beneath, fasciculiferous, the upper shorter; flowers in dense terminal glandular-pubescent sessile heads 1—1.8 cm in diameter; bracts linear-lanceolate, densely glandular-pubescent, very slightly shorter than calyx; calyx cylindric,6—7 mm long, somewnait enlarged at summit and 2 mm broad below the teeth, these stramineous, acerose, one-quarter to one-third the length of calyx; ovary 8—10-ovuled. June—July. (Plate XLIX, Figures 10,11). Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Firyuza, Kheirabad, Nevtonovka). Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from Iran (Khorosan Province between Shakhrud and Nizarup). Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad. 21. A. glandulosum Bge. ex Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 565. Perennial, much branched, 10—20cm high; herbaceous stems finely glandular-puberulent or with indument consisting of subpatulous glandular and simple hairs (var.tomentellum Freyn et Sint.); leaves spreading, subulate-acerose, 2—3.5cm long and 0.1—1.5 mm broad, channeled above, convex beneath, finely glandular -pubescent, fasciculiferous; flowers in many- flowered terminal capitate inflorescences 10—20 mm in diameter; bracts oblong, navicular, scarious-margined, acerose, shorter than calyx; calyx oblong-cylindric, ca.6—7 mm long, glandular-hairy; teeth acute but not acerose; petals white or rose (var. roseum Bornm.), oblong-spatulate, obtusish, one and a half times as long as calyx; ovary 10-ovuled; seeds rounded -reniform, ca.2mm in diameter, finely striate, shining. May— July. (Plate XLIX, Figure 4). Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: N. Iran. Described from Iran (Elburz Range; Shakhrud). Type in Leningrad. 604 795 Economic importance. The roots of this plant are gathered in considerable quantity in Turkmenia. They are known as ''soap root'' and are used as a Soap Substitute. 22. A.knorringianum Schischk. in Acta Inst. Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, III (1936). Undershrub, much branched, ca.15 cm high, glabrous; leaves spreading, acerose, thin, 1—2 cm long and 0.5mm broad, very slightly channeled above, convex beneath, glabrous; axillary fascicles very short and inconspicuous; flowers subsessile, in terminal capitate inflorescences ca.1cm in diameter; bracts subulate-acerose from ovate base, thin, glandular -pubescent, Scarious-margined below, shorter than calyx; calyx oblong-cylindric, 6mm long, glandular-pubescent; teeth terminating in a slender point but not subulate-acerose; petals lurid, slightly exceeding to one and a half times as long as calyx, oblong-spatulate, obtusish; capsule oblong, equaling or scarcely exceeding calyx; seeds oblong, 2 mm long and 1.2 mm broad, finely striate, dull. June—July. Stony steppes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Chiya village, between Ak-Tau and Bakhil-Tau mountains). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. 23. A.schugnanicum (Preobr.) Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda V, p. 683.— A.fontanesii subsp.Sschugnanicum Preobr.in sched.ad Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS. Undershrub, much branched from base, 8—15cm high; herbaceous stems scabrid-pubescent as are the leaves; leaves subhorizontally spreading, subulate-acerose, 1—2.5cm long and 0.75 mm broad, channeled above, convex beneath; axillary fascicles very short; flowers in terminal 5—7-flowered capitate inflorescences 0.7—1cm in diameter; bracts ovate- lanceolate, acuminate or briefly subulate-tipped, scabrid-pubescent, scarious-margined below, about half length of calyx; calyx oblong-cylindric, densely short-hairy; teeth lanceolate, acuminate; petals whitish-rose, one and a half times as long as calyx, oblong-spatulate, obtuse or rounded at apex. July— August. Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Shugnan) Seidzh River valley (Shobek-Dara River). Endemic. Described from the Seidzh River valley. Type in Leningrad. Section 4. MACROSTEGIA Boiss. Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 563. — Flowers in terminal and axillary heads; bracts ovate, broadly scarious, nonacicular; ovary 4-ovuled. 24, A.korolkowii Rgl. et Schm. in A.H. P.V,1 (1877) 249; Golenkin in A.H.P. XIII, 84.— A.alexandrae Smirn. ex Rgl.in A.H.P.V,1 (1877) 250 nom. nud. Perennial, woody at base; stems glandular-pubescent, commonly whitish, branched above, 20—80cm long; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2.5—4cm long and 0.5—1 cm broad, rounded at apex, muticous, 1-veined, scabrid-pubescent; flowers in loose short-peduncled heads surrounded by an involucre; 605 796 799 involucral leaves Scarious, oval-orbicular, 3—6 mm in diameter, puberulent; bracts similar; calyx cylindric, 5-6 mm long and 1.5—2 mm broad, scabrid- pubescent; teeth short, rounded; petals whitish, one and a half times as long as calyx. May—June. (Plate L, Figure 7). Hummocky sands.— Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K., Kara K. Endemic. Described from the shore of Sardeba-Kul Lake between Khalat and Amu Darya. Type in Leningrad. 25. A.elongatum Preobr.sp.nova in Addenda V, p.683.— A.bracteatum Boiss. Subsp.elongatum Preobr. in sched. Perennial, glabrous and glaucous throughout; stems 35—45cm long, slender, ca.1 mm in diameter; leaves subulate-acerose, triquetrous, flat above, convex beneath, the lower 3—3.5cm long and near base 1—1.5mm broad, the median and upper smaller, fasciculiferous; flowers in compact terminal heads 12—15 mm in diameter; involucral leaves and bracts obovate, 7-8 mm long and 4mm broad, reddish-purple along the back, prominently keeled, broadly scarious-margined, mucronulate; calyx tubular, 7.5—8.5 mm long and 1.5—2 mm broad, slightly pubescent, reddish- purple in upper part; teeth obtuse, softly mucronulate; petals purplish- rose, scarcely longer than calyx, emarginate. July. (Plate XLIX, Figure 512) Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Firyuza Pass). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. 26. A. serawschanicum Golenk. in A.H. P. XIII, 1 (1893) 85. Undershrub, much branched; branches puberulent, thickened at nodes, 10—20cm long; leaves spreading, subulate-acerose, flat above, convex beneath, 1.5—2.5 cm long and 0.5—2 mm broad, equaling or exceeding internodes, puberulent or glabrate, fasciculiferous; upper leaves shorter; flowers in densely 5—10-flowered terminal heads; involucral leaves scarious, mucronulate from obtuse apex; bracts oval, acuminate, shorter than calyx, densely pubescent; calyx campanulate, 4—5 mm long; teeth acuminate, muticous, Scarious-margined, one-quarter length of calyx; petals rose-purple, sometimes almost white, one and a half times as long as calyx. July. (Plate XLIX, Figure 8). Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Zeravshan (between Varsaminor and Peti, Dark, Takfon). 27. A.coloratum (Preobr.) Schischk. in Acta Inst. Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ser. I, III (1936).— A.serawschanicum f.coloratum Preobr. in sched. ad Herb. Acad. Sc. URSS. Perennial, woody at base, branched; stems 10—15 cm long, puberulent; leaves linear, 1—1.7cm long and 1—1.5 mm broad, acute but nonacerose, revolute-margined, scabrid-pubescent; flower-heads at tips of branches, compact, subspherical, ca.1 cm in diameter; bracts broad-ovate, 4mm long and 2 mm broad, short-acuminate, scarious, puberulent; flowers sessile; calyx campanulate, ca.5 mm long, violet-tinged, puberulent; teeth broadly triangular, short-acuminate; petals linear-cuneate, in upper part 1mm broad, obtuse, whitish-pink, with often violet-tinged midrib, one and a half times as long as calyx; ovary short-stipitate. August. 606 (797) PLATE L, 1. A.versicolor Fisch.et Mey.— 2. A.bungei (Boiss) Trautv.— 3. A.tadshikistanicum Schischk. 4. A.gypsophiloides Rgl.— 5. A.transhyrcanum Preobr.— 6. A.paniculatum Rgl.— 7. A.korolkowii Rgl. 607 800 Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Oshskaya River near the Aburan- Bel Pass). Endemic. Described from the location indicated. Type in Leningrad. Subgenus 2. ALLOCHRUSA (Bge.) Schischk.— Gen. Allochrusa Bge. in Boiss. Fl. Or. 1 (1867) 559. — Leaves usually nonacerose; flowers ina paniculate or corymbose inflorescence; ovary 4- or 5-ovuled; stamens mostly included. Section 1. VERSICOLORIA Schischk. — Inflorescence a corymb or few-flowered panicle; calyx tubular, 7-10 mm long; petals large, twice to three times as long as calyx. 28. A.versicclor Fisch. et Mey. in Ind. IV Hort. Petrop. (1838) 31; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 334; Golenk. in A. H. P. XIII, 87.— Allochrusa versi- color Boiss. Fl. Or.I (1867) 559; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 426. Perennial, densely glandular -pubescent throughout; stem 15—25 cm long, branched in inflorescence; leaves linear, 10-15 mm long and 1—2 mm broad, tapering toward base, obtusish at apex; inflorescence paniculate; bracts lanceolate, herbaceous, densely glandular-pubescent; pedicels as long as or longer than calyx; calyx cylindric, 7-—9mm long; teeth triangular -lanceolate, acute, 1—1.5 mm long, one-fifth to one-quarter as long as calyx; petals pink, twice to three times as long as calyx; limb obovate, large, scarcely emarginate; capsule slightly exceeding calyx. June— July. (Plate L, Figure 1). Stony desert slopes.— Caucasus: S. Transc. (Hakhichevan River). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Nakhichevan district. Type in Leningrad. 29. A.bungei (Boiss.) Trautv. in A.H. P. II, 2 (1873) 511; Rgl.in A.H. P. V,1 (1877) 248.— Allochrusa bungei Boiss. Fl. Or. I (1867) 560; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 426.— Exs.: Pl. or. exs. no. 257 (sub Allochrusa versicolore). Undershrub, much branched, 30—40 cm high, with upright branches, the woody parts with dark gray bark, the juvenile glandular -pubescent; leaves elliptic-linear or ovate-lanceolate, 1—2 cm long and 2—4 cm broad, rarely 5.6—6 mm broad (var.latifolia Trautv.), acute, long -petioled, glandular-puberulent, sometimes subglabrous, with axillary fascicles; pedicels slender, glandular-pubescent, 2—7mm long; bracts linear- lanceolate, 1—3 mm long, acute, scarious or herbaceous; calyx tubular, slightly attenuate at summit, 7-10 mm long and ca. 1.5mm broad, covered with usually rather short soft patulous hairs; teeth narrowly lance-subulate, muticous, 2—3 mm long, one-third as long as calyx; petals pink, one and a half times to twice as long as calyx; limb broad-obovate, sometimes emarginate. End of June and July. (Plate L, Figure 2). Stony slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Sardar-Abad, Dzhulfa). Gen. distr.: Iran (N.), Arm. -Kurd. (Akh-Chai, Kulp). Described from N. Iran, between Maradan and Dzhulfa. Type in Geneva. 608 301 30. A.transhyrcanum Preobr. in Not. Syst. Herb. Petrop. I, 3 (1920) 1. Perennial, much branched from base, with woody rootstock; stem 8—15 cm long, covered, as are the leaves, with short crisp hairs; leaves linear -lanceolate to linear, acute, 1—2 cm long and 1—1.5 mm broad; flowers in a dense corymboSe terminal inflorescence; pedicels 4mmlong; calyx cylindric, puberulent, slightly attenuate at summit, 8-9 mm long and 2—2.5 mm broad; teeth triangular, acutish, ciliate, ca. 1mm long; petals pink, twice as long as calyx. May. (Plate L, Figure 5). Stony steppes and dry slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Dzhebel, Molla -Kara). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of the Dzhebel railway station. Type in Leningrad. Section 2. PANICULATA Golenk. in A.H. P. XIII, 1 (1893) 87.— Flowers in a loose paniculate inflorescence; calyx tubular-conic, 3—5 mm long; petals Slightly longer or one and a half times longer than calyx. 31. A.paniculatum Rgl. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, I (1866) 539; in A.H. P. V, 1 (1877) 249.— Ic.: Rgl., l.c. (1866) tab. II, f. 1-2. Perennial; stems erect, much branched, 20—50 cm long, terete, thickened at nodes, minutely scabrid-puberulous as are the leaves; leaves linear - subulate, with thick midrib and 2 less distinct lateral veins, 1—3 cm long and 1—3 mm broad, acute, scarcely acerose, with axillary fascicles; flowers in few-flowered dichasia at ends of stems and branches, forming a paniculate inflorescence; pedicels stoutish, scabrid pubescent, 0.5—1.5 mm long; bracts linear-subulate, ca.1.5mm long, borne just below the calyx and appressed to it; calyx tubular-conic, ca.4mm long, densely scabrid- pubescent; teeth broadly triangular, short-acuminate, one-quarter the length of the calyx; petals white, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb obovate-oblong, rounded at apex; capsule obovoid, ca. 2 mm long. July — August. (Plate L, Figure 6). Steppe-mountain slopes and among crops.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala-Tau), T. Sh., Pam.-Al.(E.). Endemic. Described from Dzhungarian Ala-Tau (picket Sary-Bulak). Type in Leningrad. 32. A. gypsophiloides Rgl.in A.H. P.V,1 (1877) 249; Rgl. et Schmalh. Pl. nov. Fedtschenkoanae (1882) 15.— A.paniculatum B gypso- philoides Golenk. in A. H. P. XIII (1893) 87. Perennial; rhizome long, to 7mm thick; stems erect, divaricately branched from base, 50—80cm long, glabrous, whitish or purple-tinged, strongly thickened at nodes, the branches arising at an almost right angle; leaves linear-subulate, glabrous or very rarely somewhat scabrid, with thick midrib and 2 less distinct lateral veins, 1—2 cm long and 0.5—0.3 mm broad, acute, scarcely acerose; leaves of axillary fascicles shorter and narrower; flowers in loose dichasia at ends of stems and branches, forming a broad panicle; central flower of the dichasium sessile, the other two on filiform pedicels 5-10 mm long; bracts lanceolate, ca. 0.5 mm long, inserted just below the calyx and appressed to it; calyx narrowly campanulate, 3mm long, glabrous, often violet-tinged; teeth broadly triangular, narrowly white- margined, obtusish, one-quarter length of calyx; petals white or roseate, 609 802 one and a half times as long as calyx; limb obovate-oblong, rounded at apex. June— August. (Plate L, Figure 4). Dry slopes, desert steppes, dry stream beds, and derelict fields. — Centr. Asia: W.T.Sh. (Kirghiz Range), Syr D., Amu D., Mtn. Turkm. (Kugitang), Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Kara-Tau Range. Type in Leningrad. 33. A. tadshikistanicum Schischk. in Trav. Musée Botan. Ac. Sc. URSS XXI(1932)40.— Allochrusa tadshikistanica Schischk.,l.c.— lever gens Perennial; stem branched from base or from the middle, 20—50 cm long, purple-tinged and minutely scabrid-puberulent in lower part; leaves linear, 1-veined, acute, sessile, glabrous, scarcely ciliate at base; flowers in 3-flowered dichasia at ends of branches; pedicels puberulent, 1—2 mm long; bracts lance-linear, 1—2 mm long, acute, membranous-margined; calyx narrowly campanulate, 4.5—5.5 mm long and 1.5mm broad, prominently d-nerved, the membranous interspaces short-hairy; teeth narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, muticous, one-third length of calyx; petals white, linear-oblong, obtuse, about as long as calyx; ovary 4-ovuled. June. (Plate L, Figure 3). Stony mountain slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Kyzyl-Su riverlet. Type in Leningrad. Genus 497. VACCARIA* MEDIC.** Medic. Phil. Bot. I (1789) 96. Flowers large, in a loose corymbose inflorescence; calyx ovaloid- pyramidal, slightly inflated below, 5-angled; petals ecoronate, emarginate or entire, with a long linear claw; stamens 10; styles 2; capsule dehiscing apically by 4 teeth. Glabrous annuals, with erect stem; leaves lanceolate or ovate, subacute. 1. V.segetalis (Neck.) Garcke in Aschers. Fl. Prov. Brandenb. I (1864) 84; Shishkin in Fl. Yugo-Vost. IV, 302; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1096. — Saponaria segetalis Neck. Delic. Gallo-Belg. I (1768) 194. — S.vaccaria L.Sp. pl. (1753) 409.— Vaccaria pyramidata Medic. Phil. bot. I (1789) 96.— V. parviflora Moench, Meth. (1794) 63; Shmal'g., Psi 33.— Vaiviulparids Hostihl austria (1897) 518; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 302, 303.— Ic.: Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. III (1909) tab. 101, f.5; Sorn. rast. SSSR, II (1934) 269, f.159.— Exs.: Fl. exs. Reipubl. Bohem. -Slovenic. no. 23; Pl. Hercogov. exs.no. 27. Perennial, smooth, glaucescent; stem erect, much branched above, 30—70 cm long; leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate, acute, opposite, slightly connate at base, 2—9cm long and 5—40 mm broad, mostly 3-veined, sessile; pedicels 1—6 cm long; calyx pale green or yellowish, 13—15 mm long and 5—9mm broad, with 5 green winged ribs; teeth acute, with white scarious margin; petals pink, one and a half times as long as calyx; limb obovate, dentate; capsule ovaloid, 4-loculed at base; seeds globose, minutely tuberculate. May— August. (Plate LV, Figure 8). * From Latin vacca, cow, possibly due to the fact that the plant provides good fodder for cows. ** Treatment by S. G. Gorshkova. 610 803 804 Meadows, glades; as weed in fields and young fallows. — European part: Wate. Wapailads.-tin..UsV.. V.-sama, U. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., Epon, ©. V.;) Caucasus: Cise.,W.,E., and 5S. Transc.; W. Siberia: U.Tob., Irt., Alt.; Far East: Uss.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Kara K., Min.Turkm.,Amu D.,Syr D.,Pam.-Al.,T.S. Gen. distr.: Centr.Eur., Med.,Bal.- As.Min., Arm.-Kurd.,Iran.,Ind.-Him., Mong., Jap.-Chi.,N.Am. (introduced), Austr.(New Zealand) (introduced). Described from Europe. Typein London. Economic importance. The weed infests only spring crops, especially millet. It also occurs wodely in flax fields of the South. The seeds are toxic. Genus 498. DIANTHUS* L. L. Sp. pl. (1758) 409. Calyx tubular, cylindric or oblong, with 5 acute or acuminate or very rarely obtuse teeth and numerous nerves not anastomosing, subtended by 1—4 pairs of awned or acute scales [epicalyx]; petals long-clawed; limb horizontally spreading, pink purple, whitish or yellowish-green, dentate (rarely entire) or laciniate; stamens 10; styles 2; capsule oblong, sessile or borne on a short carpophore, unilocular, dehiscing by 4 teeth; seeds numerous, commonly black, discoid, sometimes subrotund, elliptic or oblong, borne on a central placenta. Annual or perennial herbs, very rarely undershrubs, with linear or lance-linear leaves. 1. Flowers short-pediceled, in dense terminal heads or in dense GMShe Simei emir: were ete Coch 3 Shenae ha emete ee ar anaie “ahhh ACER TOM 2. + Flowers distinctly pedicellate, solitary or in loose clusters, rarely 2 PERERLONCMTCIT te ute Fo oo) Cte reds test es cents hereon: trek ae dani. eat baie 16. Ape MR US TON OUCH sta, a's,"eltat Sauter ares) Sama ie Tae, BIN e REE RRA EL ee Rays OM aS Oe SIE Cre nails tens: ewes er cu aah. BL PoL sD MEM aye ee ene te hes OLR Mier. 4, 3. Stems and leaves soft-hairy; calyx 15—18 mm long, soft-hairy in upper part; epicalyx scales green, herbaceous, gradually dilated toward RASesr DeLalsered fatal svete thctanet ot POA IRM RS Oe 1. D.armeria L. + Stem scaberulous; calyx 12—15 mm long, glabrous or scaberulous; epicalyx scales coriaceous, abruptly dilated toward base ..........-. CS So aes Sn) Bete Peake Gil Ue Re ame Te Re Mi ks de 22eDs ie ae M. B. 4. ener iGst leaf ay strongly dilated at base, with inflated sheath . 5. + Uppermost leaf pair not dilated at base; sheath not inflated..... Ries (ls 5. Calyx 10—15 mm long, strongly attenuate at summit, with short lanceolate teeth; epicalyx scales abruptly narrowed to a short point, half length of calyx; petal-limb dark pink, subglabrous ..5.......... ke ae ch Se er GME On, aa gk tat a 4, D.andrzejowskianus (Zapal.) Kulcz. + Calyx 16-29 mm long, slightly attenuate at summit, with long lance- subulate teeth; epicalyx scales gradually or abruptly narrowed toa long awn reaching the summit of the calyx; petal-limb purple, PREC CR sec recmn Nistee Dy Sphee Gr heey cde haan Weare. eho ebro eee Se LAE BA iit s. gett 6. 6. Epicalyx scales gradually narrowed to a point; leaf sheaths 12—20 mm long; plant glaucescent (Crimea and Ciscaucasia). . .3. D.capitatus Balb. * From Greek Dis [should be Dios], Zeus, the principal! deity (Jupiter of the Romans), and anthos, flower. Name coined by Linnaeus because of the beautiful flowers of the garden carnation. 611 805 10. Mat; Epicalyx scales abruptly pointed; leaf sheaths 8-12 mm long; plant green (iranscaveasia). 0: 42 aye sss. & 5. D. subulosus Freyn et Conr. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to broad-lanceolate, short-petioled; plant CULTIVaTed yor Natur oluiedi. cote Gis cst lets is mutere rine 15. D. barbatus L. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, sessile................4. 8. Length of sheath equaling or not more than one and a half times leaf WIG tg cnrenemieomniaetcaed ius siraln'ss Aue, sak vee: (Bis ayia. Ee ee Metal Rratiee nied eine ote ee eae e) Length of sheath three to eight times leaf width............... 10. Epicalyx scales narrowly membranous- margined, abruptly narrowed to a usually herbaceous awn reaching two-thirds length of calyx; length of sheath equaling leaf width (S. Ukraine) .... 9. D.eu-ponticus Zapal. Plant 18—35 cm high; calyx 12—15 mm long, purple tinged at summit Gig anise aie Asia) 2: emcwian'siyoh ai uc wenlsjaeylel . toile 7. D. rogowiczii Kleop. Canyon G mania) ORG ware ew eh ge. 5/ enol ay wm elo) volta aah ae ne ee 14, Epicalyx scales gradually tapering to a point, with a broad thin Scarious margin; petal-limb 7-10 mm long; leaves 2.5—6 mm broad; Calys: teeth scabrid-pubescent Outside lat tips. -wee-e-) cae te be ae ee Epicalyx scales abruptly pointed, narrowly membranous -margined; petal-limb 4—5 mm long; leaves 1—2.5 mm broad; calyx teeth CUA DR OUSH Wats crest scr 6 boo P «pep Spioy < cee dep id a Pan hes ied Seca ee Dig Epicalyx scales covering half the calyx tube, the awns not reaching the base of calyx teeth (W. Ukraine) .......... 6. D.carthusianorum L. Awns of epicalyx scales reaching calyx teeth and sometimes their tips (Gre. (Came asus). Mute de see aeons mae 4 . 10. D. ruprechtii Schischk. Petal siinmabydentate Or vente | i a wc se) cre te Mer oe ate) ee) oe Lie Petal-limb dissected to below the middle or down to base, very rarely to but one-quarter or one-third its length, into linear or filiform SCSImMentS ie Wifes Se the ilps yy ook Cyan. Sapeans popemiee Pome ees 60. Annwalisy Or HoTENNLAUS yore we Pe ey ei is. to ESE We eel oer) 3 geet pees lope gamest Sane eae eee 18. Perennialsivery carely lillennials) i\.yi-t «ta iees gonolienis) eis eee eee LS) Calyx minutely tuberculate; leaves 2—4mm broad ......... iam cells Oyo: 3a Os ty Oh O aE RO Dae SOR OA Or Ec 78. D.cyri Fisch. et Mey. Calyx smooth; leaves 5—15 mm broad (a cultivated plant)....... SGudse Bicety Ail SAee hy eOk OT NEON ME CaP ce OTe Owe cos ree *17. D. sinensis L. Epicalyxseales 2)\(in\some flowers 4) 2) 22955.) ls eee 20 Epicalyxisealles at east: 4: sest seco sais dfn lice thot fereyhe oar capes Pees eked eee age ememe™ 22s Stems 10—40cm long, puberulent, branched in upper part; cauline EAVES Os OMA Sa ato ke eee eect & GM re aetna na lls ee 44, D.deltoides L. 612 806 807 24, 25. Stems 5—8cm long, glabrous, monanthous; cauline leaves 1 or 2 OBLES 3 oa Cn ey coh tent ss a a De en ver mney eens on ics | ames 21. Stems 10—18cm long; cauline leaves 1—2 mm broad; epicalyx almost equal to calyx; petal-limb 10—15mm broad ..... 16. D. repens Willd. Stems 5—12 cm long; cauline leaves 2.5—3 mm broad; epicalyx half length of calyx; petal-limb 6—10mm broad... 17. D.raddeanus Vierh. Petal-limb hairless at base, whitish or pale pink, rarely of different SSW SEE SoS We eee ital sR AE 8 es hi Oe oe e. ac ht a RUC se oo ara SD Se 23. Petal-limb hairy atvbasenred yor purple, rarely white* 0%... 0% ... 3 35. Epicalyx scales broad-ovate or obovate-rhombic, minutely mucronulate, coriaceous, greenish-white, covering one-quarter to one-third of the calyx tube; petals whitish above, usually yellowish-green beneath... 24. Epicalyx scales ovate or ovate-lanceolate, awned, covering about half the calyx tube, the awns sometimes reaching the base of the teeth... 31. alse 9. | O mm Vong! ss. ep eee leis steele le Latte 51. D.azkurensis Sosn. Coy ila 30) MNT, LONG? 2. is eA eta. Se seaebt Bail. cera PR ee Ok OIE 2.8 25. Epicalyx scales 4—6, obovate-rhombic, obtuse, slightly divergent, whitish, with a triangular green spot at Summit .........0...0006 Ress feed Peep ebeie ey epee RE Gates 48. D.andronakii Woron. Epicalyx scales 4, broad-ovate, abruptly narrowed to a short green MMcC~LOvclosely appressed toicalys. & % a 4 = <=) mene haope me te a ie velar ie 2G. Calyea 2 — NO naa VOM An ams Loehs po dee Sid ce etet a: 4c -maet hoped Grkentcb Rianne aie Sf Die Caulken ec) ieokgot Ikoaver ey come tag ch cordon Gee. te ick SC Catia ge erelog recast ey ca oe ae 28. Lower part of plant commonly glabrous; petal-limb 4-5 mm long ..... Wee OWLS, tate oR OTA Sade ee 49. D.marschallii Schischk. Mower part oLplantipuberulents.petala-limb}5-—1.0) mmyloniow.) Sari. Ane. ong GeO 0) Abe: (OMe Bits CU Meer Re mens SRO er 50. D. inamoenus Schischk. Petals red; calyx (5) 6—10 mm broad, subtended by a cluster of leafy NIG UC Some Mews cts Maps’ jo: Palverreye Meth paytaas ember: wire fe *56. D.caryophyllus D. Petals whitish; calyx 3—6 mm broad, usually without a basal cluster DOA AOAC ES rk ices. tO oti exoemediaarmie Apne erloh ae looayte ae Lae hae ies 29. Calyx narrowly cylindric, 3—4mm broad .... 46. D.leptopetalus Willd. Calyxrcy lindric 4 Oimmybroad)|. cuit eel ewes |. hare aoe al aah, sc 30. Stems 20—40 cm long, usually unbranched, monanthous or rarely 2- or 3-flowered; calyx 22—30mm long.... 47. D.schemachensis Schischk. Stems 40—60 cm long, usually branched, 2—5-flowered; calyx 17-22 mm Cine: Gt) phe es ee LE eS re, eed ees 45, D.lanceolatus Andrz. Petalsyscarcely, longer thanicaliyxi.) 2 Los «Ge. 52. D.floribundus Boiss. Petals one and a half times to twice as long as calyx ..........-4 32. Calysg 1351 o:mmi tong; commonilysreddishte.is sal 4 hist ia) Dara. HE Mi ep ME eyery onto te fs Ate hal st a WT eae leet eA EN wate 54, D. multicaulis Boiss. et Huet. Calysaelb— so mim al one yeareeniS hye i syou. Wiel ke a) ELS RE eateh se 33. Calyx 17-25 mm long; epicalyx scales4 ...... 53. D.petraeus M. B. Galysa275—40unim fons; epicalyx sealiesp4— Bi iy) iat 4 ets he Ee 4s 34. Leaves 1 mm broad, rough-margined (N. Cauc.). . .55. D.fragrans Adams. Leaves 2—4 mm broad, smooth-margined (Talysh) SERPS ee ae eee se ee Rete ee vd Shes, oeutege ers, sven ete 56. D.talyschensis Boiss. et Buhse. 35 (22). Much branched undershrubs, 10—30 cm high; leaves narrowly itnieates ealyoc O12 mm, lon pwetegamcte) Sais Giese cele tier cheese. eb aTiae. 36. 613 808 41. 42. 48, Taller plants, herbaceous or scarcely woody at base; calyx 12—30 mm Loy aetig Mee Pi Aa ee ou a eee eo een Ee MIE. Tel Ise AGLI A EME OME oy on 3 NAc 37. Epicalyx scales one-quarter length of calyx; petals white .......... PRN TS PR et Te ee ERS SS LARC R Senne tee 38. D.rigidus M. B. Epicalyx scales one-third length of calyx; petals pink above, yellowish- eiReenNbeMme ain is 2 7%... GRE. ke. he Re, el 39. D.uralensis Korsh. Leaves 3—7 mm broad; calyx 3—5 mm broad; petals purple or dark POUT sacha, atae ee RUE Sle re lo Pere loele we he. yo ot fat Nolen No FOMiS) Wasa do, MRO nGrL es LicD ae cn 38. Leaves 1—3 (4)mm broad; calyx 2—3.5mm broad.............. 49 Epicalyx scales narrowly membranous -margined, abruptly subulate- tipped, equaling calyx tube; flowers subtended by linear -subulate fOlIAGeOUSHOrACtSaeie ial ee te lalie eke, REMI. Seaite een we 35. D. eugeniae Kleop. Epicalyx scales without membranous margin, gradually tapering toa linear -lanceolate awn; inflorescence ebracteate .......5....5..4 39. Stem Son 2O0em lone, mostly monanthous |. 5). kieten aectiy tet atoms eine 40. Stems) 20—o0'em long, usually branched, 2... Ay-neioians tne) arene ines 41. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 4—7mm broad (Gauicasua)i i.e Seo. see SMM OMROMCGR Modoc deme nial « sewehbc URE sae Mhetson AWemen eine einem 22. D. kusnezovii Marcov. Veavestlinear ta l—2.mm broad (Centr. Asia)... «01.2 ee TAA PD RURAL Doainrs Silas he Megas 20. D. semenovii (Rgl. et Herd.) Vierh. Calyx OS 20min Vong os) sr 3 am teh ee Shes Molar tare Red taia) agen A eetrs een Meet eaanreeate 42. Calyx 20—2oummvlone. oo Ss es aces ee eS Geen tet ae oe ee 48, Calyx commonly puberulous; epicalyx scales mostly 6 (Cone Asia) % eek PEIN Hee eh eT rh onc meth. Relenit eae. Yon Meek inte 25. D. turkestanicus = oon eae glabrous; epicalyx scales usually 4,rarely6 ............ 43. Calyx 10-11 mm long; bracts and awns of epicalyx scales scabrid- pubescentn(Cauieasus) suv. ase te ae as 27. D.kubanensis Schischk. Calyx 12—18mm long; bracts and calyx glabrous.............. 44, Outer epicalyx scales leaflike; usually equal to or exceeding calyx; leaf sheaths 0.5—-1.5 mm long (S. W. Ukraine)..... 28. D. guttatus M. B. Epicalyx scales subequal, usually reaching calyx teeth or one-third to half length of calyx tube; leaf sheaths 2—4mm long ......... 1S 0, tas Epicalyx scales 6, leaflike; leaves horizontally spreading .......... St RTA RR OL ELST AITAU RROD TL: ihe eo hee SEPALS OR weRoE ME Belge 24, D.amurensis Jacq. Epicalyx scales usually 4; leaves obliquely ascending .......... 46, Stems solitary or 2,40—70cm long; leaves 4—8 mm broad; flowers in ablocseicorymbiform Panicle sy wiv «Fo 4 xt chien ty hs 19. D. fischeri Spreng. Stems mostly numerous, 20—40 cm long; leaves 2—4 (5) mm broad; flowers solitary or several at tips of stems and branches........ 47. Stems glabrous; leaves slightly scaberulous only on the margin near the Sheaths, glabrous elsewhere; epicalyx scales usually terminating in a long subulate awn, this often reaching the base of calyx teeth ..... SRSA EEN: (oul wai hehe’. ci} Oh el ah ahie) "eee RRS I OA SOE ANS Ea Meters 26. D.pratensis M. B. Stems and leaves mostly scabrid- pubescent, especially in lower part; epicallyesScalestmucronate 1.) 2a Sal ae, 18. D.versicolor Fisch. Stems 20—40cm long; flowers solitary at ends of stems and IEAMCHE SN So eltet ls Re cathe thule Gas. oles och ch cs ob sunt ep awe 21. D.discolor Smith. Stems 30—60cm long; flowers short-pediceled in few-flowered 1-sided elusters at.ends of.stems and branches )Dscou Flot san ynichb. bia Germ, ex curs. (1832) 806.— D.barbato- superbus Lejeune, ex Rehb., lac. D.leitgebii Reichardt in Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien XXIII (1873), 561. — lees Riehbe les ble Cermy Vile te2 521. Perennial; stem 30—50 cm long, subterete to 4-angled, branched in inflorescence, glabrous; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 5—8 cm long, acute, asperous-margined, petiolate, the sheath 2—6 mm long; flowers in a subcorymbose terminal inflorescence; calyx tubular, 18—21 mm long and 4mm broad, nale green, scarcely violet-tinged at summit; teeth acuminate; epicalyx scales 4, coriaceous, ovate, abruptly terminating ina subulate point half the length of calyx, covering one-third to half of calyx tube; petals various shades of pink; limb broad-obovate, 10—15 mm long and 8—12 mm broad, often fringed to one-fifth or one-third. July. Parks and inhabited areas. — U. V. (Buiskoye and Rybinsk districts). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from Belgium. Genus 499. SAPONARIA* L.** L. Sp. pl. (1753) 408.— Bootia Neck. Delil. Gallobelg. 1 (1768) 98.— Proteinia Rchb. Nom. (1841) 205.— Spanizium Griseb. Spicil. I (1843) 180. Flowers perfect, in a loose corymbose-paniculate inflorescence; calyx tubular or cylindric, scarcely inflated, with 5 mostly point-tipped teeth; petals 5, with a long linear claw, coronate; limb entire, obscurely emarginate or 2-lobed; stamens 10; styles 2, rarely 5; capsule cylindric or oblong or obovoid, unilocular, dehiscing by 4 teeth; seeds reniform, finely tuberculate or rugose, compressed, with lateral hilum. Perennial or annual plants, glabrous or pubescent; leaves broadly lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, oval, spatulate or oblong, obtuse or acute, sessile or petiolate, opposite, entire. 1. Calyx 15—24mm long; petals one and a half times as long as calyx; cauline leaves ovate-oval, oval-lanceolate or elliptic, 10—40 mm |SURCTENC IRAE BERR RET, amine oar a ane yee. Sek ueon o biet ie cne ¢S pariion caidieh 7a casts wot eo ee he + Calyx 5—14mm long; petals slightly exceeding calyx; cauline leaves lanceolate, oblong-ovate, spatulate, oval, oblong-linear or ovate, 2 tO DRO SSS ates ns ela veiw ae to acne Rene et 3. 2, Petals red, with linear -cuneate 2-lobed limb; plant glandular - PUDESCENL ParOUShOuUt oi csc ciye\Aiet sies) on eee it's Mepie a eee 1. S.glutinosa M. B. + Petals white or roseate, with oblong-obovate emarginate or sometimes GMAT VITA) weenie, sat ess we vate al Glee ee me ONT MOR ol tga Smee Pee 2. S. officinalis L. oe berenmtials; Stem and leaves plabrous ....00 «tis ¢eiriemveseleee Eee wis Ale + Annuals or biennialss “stem pubeScent, 2; .,.vi ds en beceulneued cae cine eee 7 Ads 4, Plant glabrous throughout; stem 60—65 cm long; calyx cyathiform- cylindric, 6—8 mm long; petals white or pale rose, slightly exceeding CaSO r as ee eels Pensa Sansa Pe pen lel eh ees feed wana a ee 3. 8. griffithiana Boiss. * From Greek sapon,soap; the roots of some species being used as a soap substitute. ** Treatment by S. G. Gorshkova. 654 33 + Pedicel and calyx glandular-pubescent; stem 7—30cm long; calyx cylindric, 8-11 mm long; petals pink, about twice as long as calyx...... RNP ee Ace's ia) shat oe BP Nets) OMG voit wets oe se 4, S. sewerzowii Rgl. et Schmalh. 5. Ovary and capsule distinctly stipitate; fruiting calyx strongly inflated, tof mm broad; pedicels one-fifth to half length of calyx... .2 sss eee eR PB oh afer, by Mo prayh SMe ary sap peer heenebaatar biel <4 Alles) oye te fe 5. S.prostrata Willd. + Ovary and capsule sessile or subsessile; fruiting calyx not much inflated, to 4mm broad; pedicels slightly shorter to longer than EERE t full tne lay a anidinay Seebal tieentg ian fony ieee sida eieech 94a) leper. uelawh' 6. 6. Calyx 5—-7mm long; petal-limb entire or obscurely emarginate; leaves ee ERNIE IG OUCy.. vneway « In-vchuainvirewsthre es Led fa eh (silid fs soeyeadme shige herp whe peine ie! «fale on 0 writ ice + Calyx 7-12 mm long; petal-limb semibifid; leaves 2—3mm broad .. 8. 7. Plant densely covered with simple hairs; stem 2.5—8cm long; calyx Pet Omate -Lrianoulan . ACUEO iiss aus] binsmciay we ey yew 6. S.parvula Bge. + Stem and calyx glandular-pubescent; leaves glabrous; stem 10—30cm long; calyx teeth ovate, obtusish...... 7. S.cerastoides Fisch. et Mey. 8. Plant densely villous-glandular throughout; leaves lanceolate, 1-veined, obtuse; inflorescence densely corymbose; calyx cylindric, slightly OMe apy SUMAUIIAL 16 Pethe relhap ay oie hoy jubiaraiuwhyaupty + np hdhter “« 8. S. viscosa C. A.M. + Upper part of stem and calyx densely glandular-pubescent; leaves glabrous, 3-veined, the basal oblong-lanceolate obtuse, the cauline - linear acute; inflorescence loosely corymbose; calyx short- CRMC, Fir lk Gee (ote erie By shed. diene tay tls Ge bo wu ng 9. S. orientalis L. 1. S. glutinosa M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 322; Ldb. Fl. Ross. IL, Sioa Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 528; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 134; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il, 434.— Silene armeria Pall. Tableau phys. et topogr. Tavride (1795) 51, nom. nud. — Ic.: M. B. Cent. Pl. Rar. II (1843) tab. 66; Rchb.Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, tab. 243, f.4994b [Bootia glutinosa (M.B.)].— Exs.: J. Bornmiiller Fl. exs. Anatoliae or. no. 488; Fl. exs. Austr.-Hung. no. 1695; HFR no.1759. Biennial, glandular -villous; stem erect, paniculately branched in upper part, 30—70 cm long; leaves acute, 3-veined, the lower spatular, petiolate, the upper ovate-oval, 2.5cm long and 14—18 mm broad; inflorescence corymbose-paniculate; calyx cylindric, glandular -villous, 20—24 mm long and 3—4 mm broad; teeth lanceolate, acuminate, dark purple; petals red; limb linear -cuneate, 2-lobed, with a pair of subulate coronal scales; capsule cylindric, subsessile, shorter than calyx; seeds numerous, small, reniform, finely tuberculate. May— June. Dry mountain slopes and mountain woods. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc. Gen.distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from the Crimea, Tenurdzhi. Type in Leningrad. 2. S. officinalis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 408; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 300—301; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1, 524; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 133—134; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 434; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V, 1106—1107.— Bootia vulgaris Neck. Delic. Gall. Belg. I (1768) 193.— Lychnis officinalis Scop. Fl. Carniol. I, 1 (1772) 303. — Saponaria nervosa Gilib. Fl. Lith. V (1781) 163.— S.alluvionalis Du Molin in O. B. Z. (1867) 390.— Silene saponaria Fries in Lindbl. Bot. Not. no. 10 (1842) 168.— Ic.: Rchb.Ic. Fl. Germ. VI, t. 245, f. 4995; 655 864 867 Hegi, Fl. Mitt. Eur. I11, 347, f.597a—c et tab. 103, f.4.— Exs.: Herb. Norm. ed. J. Dorfler, no. 5238; Pl. Hercegov. exs.no.172; Hayek, Fl. stiriaca exs.no. 1147. Perennial, glabrous (var. glabriuscula Schischk.) or scabrid- puberulous (var.puberula Siml.); stem erect, simple or in upper part branched, terete, 30—90 cm long; leaves oblong, oval-lanceolate or elliptic, 3-veined, acute, 5-12 cm long and 1—4 cm broad, with sharply scabrous margin, short-petioled; inflorescence loosely corymbose-paniculate; pedicels short; bracts linear-lanceolate; calyx cylindric, 15—18 mm long and 4—5 mm broad, puberulent; teeth unequal, ovate, mucronate from obtuse apex; petals white or roseate; limb oblong-obovate, emarginate or sometimes entire, with small coronal scales; capsule oblong-ovate; seeds numerous, small, reniform, finely tuberculate. June— August. Coppices, woods, and river valleys. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., Crim., L. Don; Caucasus: Cisc., W., E.,and S.Transc.; W.Siberia: Irt., Alt. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. Often cultivated for ornament, occasionally becoming naturalized. The roots contain up to 35 percent saponin and are used as a substitute for soap. 3. S. griffithiuma Boiss. Diagn. pl. or. nov. ser. II, 1 (1854) 70; Boiss. Fl. Or.1,524.— S.corrugata Franchet in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. VI, XV (1883) 237. — S.silenoides H. Winkl. in Vidensk. Medd. Kjobenh. (1901) 50.— Ic.: Franchet in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. VI, XV (1883) tab. 12. Perennial, glabrous, bluish-green; stem ascending to erect, to 60—65 cm long, terete, virgate, whitish, lustrous, dichotomously divaricately branched, densely leafy at base; leaves thick, scabrous-margined, the lower oblong and long-petioled, the upper oblong-linear, 2—4.5 cm long and 3—7 mm broad, acute, sessile, somewhat narrowing toward base; inflorescence a loosely few-flowered lac cyme; bracts lanceolate, ciliate-margined; pedicels erect, much longer than calyx; calyx green, subcoriaceous, scabrid- tuberculate or rugose, cyathiform-cylindric, 6-8 mm long and 2-3 mm broad, oblong in fruit, 15-ribbed; teeth triangular, acute; petals white or pale rose, slightly exceeding calyx, oblong to oblong-linear, gradually tapering to claw; limb entire; coronal scales 2-fid, setaceous; styles 2; capsule oblong, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx; seeds reniform, dark cinnamon, more or less compressed, finely tuberculate. June— July. (Plate LV, Figure 1). Gullies, slopes, and taluses; occasionally a weed of field crops. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from Afghanistan. Type in Geneva. Economic importance. The fleshy rootstock of S.griffithiana Boiss. is used as soap substitute. 4, S. sewerzowii Rgl. et Schmalh. in A. H. P. V (1877) 246. Perennial, glabrous; stem simple, angled, dichotomously branched at base, 7-30 cm long; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3-veined, acute, 1—3 cm long and 3—10 mm broad, subcordate at base, sessile, almost clasping at base, entire; inflorescence densely corymbose; pedicels erect, 656 65) PLATELV. 1. Saponaria griffithiana Boiss.: petal.— 2. S.sewerzowii Rgl. et Schmalh.: flower. — 8. S.cerastoides Fisch.: flower.— 4. S.viscosa C.A.M.— 5. Tunica stricta (Bge.) Fisch. et Mey.— 6. T.saxifraga (L.) Scop.— 7. Kohlrauschia prolifera (L.) Kunth.— 8. Vaccaria segetalis (Neek) Garcke. 657 one-third to half the length of calyx, glandular-pubescent; bracts lanceolate; calyx cylindric, more or less suffused with violet, 8-11 mm long and 2mm broad, densely glandular -pubescent, narrowly oblong in fruit; teeth oblong, obtuse; petals pink, about twice as long as calyx; limb cuneate or linear - oblong, rounded at summit, gradually tapering into narrow claw; capsule oblong, sessile, slightly shorter than calyx. April— May. (Plate LV, Figure 2). Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.,Syr D. Endemic. Describ'ed from the Kharli-Tau foothills. Type in Leningrad. 5. S.prostrata Willd. Enum. plant. Hort. r. bot. Berol. (1809) 465; Boiss. Fl. Or. 1,529.— Spanizium ocymoides Griseb. Spicileg. I (1843) 180.— Saponaria holopetala Ldb. Fl. Ross.I (1842) 301; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 434.— S.atocioides Boiss. Diagn. Pl. or. nov. sér. I, 1 (1842) 163= S.atocioides var.Calverti Boiss. Diagn. Pl. or.nov. sér.II,5 (1856) 50. Sapenariavealverti Boiss. in Huet. Pl. Arm,exs.] Exs.. Bornmiuller: Bithyniae, Galatiae, Pahlagoniae pl. exs. no. 13890; Pl. exs. Anatoliae or.no. 189. Biennial, densely canescent, viscid; stem mostly slender, dichotomously branched from base, procumbent, 7-25 cm long; leaves oblong-linear, spatulate or ovate-orbicular, 1-veined, 1.5—2 cm long and 4—5 mm broad, long-petioled; flowers numerous, in dense corymbs; pedicels one-fifth to half the length of calyx; calyx cylindric, 12—14 mm long and 3—5 mm broad, glandular -pubescent, inflated in fruit and then to 7mm broad, reticulately nerved; teeth triangular -ovate, acute; petals pink; limb oblong- spatulate, entire, one-fourth as long as calyx; coronal scales cleft, setaceous; ovary long-stipitate; capsule very small, globose, long-stipitate; seeds cinnamon, conspicuously tuberculate. May-— June. Stony slopes and taluses.— Caucasus: W., E.,and S.Transc. Gen. distr.: E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Asia Minor, Galatia. Type un Berlin. 6. S.parvula Bge. in Arb. Naturf. Riga I (1847) 181; Boiss. Fl. Or.'1, 531. Annual or biennial, densely covered throughout with white hairs; stem 2.5—7.5 cm long, geniculately flexuous, with dichotomously radiating branches; leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, fleshy, 14—21 mm long and 4—7 mm broad, obscurely 3-veined, short-petioled; flowers in a compact few-flowered ~ cymose inflorescence or sometimes solitary; pedicels erect, as long as or shorter than calyx; calyx oblong-cylindric, 5-7 mm long, 2—3 mm broad, patulous-hairy; teeth ovate-triangular, acute, with narrow white scarious margin; petals white or roseate, linear-spatulate, obsoletely emarginate to subentire, slightly exceeding calyx; ovary short-stipitate, ovoid; capsule oblong-ovoid, stipitate; seeds small, rounded-reniform, cinnamon or dark brown, obscurely and minutely tuberculate. April— May. Chalky slopes and takyrs.— Centr. Asia: Kyz. K. Endemic. Described from Kyzyl-Kum desert. Type in Leningrad. 868 7. S.cerastoides Fisch. in C. A. M. Verzeichn. Pflanz. Cauc. (1831) 212; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 302; Boiss. Fl. Or. I, 532; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 434. Annual; stems numerous, slender, dichotomously branched, sometimes decumbent, to 10—30 cm long, glandular -pubescent; leaves ovate, oval or 658 orbicular, 7-13 mm long and 3—9 mm broad, obtuse, glabrous, short-petioled; flowers in a loose inflorescence; pedicels erect, about as long as or slightly longer than calyx; calyx short-cylindric, 5—7mm long and 2—3 mm broad, glandular -pubescent; teeth ovate, obtusish; petals pink, ecoronate, long- clawed; limb entire, slightly longer than calyx; capsule oblong, slightly exceeding calyx; seeds dark cinnamon, reniform, finely tuberculate. April— May. (Plate LV, Figure 3). Dry slopes.— Caucasus: Dag.,S.Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from Lenkoran district. Type in Leningrad. 8. S. viscosa C. A. M. Verzeichn. Pflanz. Cauc. (1831) 212; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 302; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 435. Annual, densely villous-glandular throughout; stem 4—14 cm long, erect, terete, dichotomously branched; leaves lanceolate, 10—14 mm long and 2—3mm broad, sessile, obtuse, l-veined; flowers in a dense corymbose inflorescence; bracts linear-lanceolate; pedicels erect, slightly shorter than calyx; calyx cylindric with acute teeth; petals pink, ecoronate, with elongated exserted claw; limb very small, semibifid; capsule oblong- ovaloid, scarcely exceeding calyx; seeds small, cinnamon, subglobose- reniform, finely tuberculate. May. (Plate LV, Figure 4). Dry slopes.— Caucasus: S.Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Talysh (Zuvant). Type in Leningrad. 9. S. orientalis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 409, Ldb. Fl. Ross. 1, 301; Boiss. Fl. Or. I,531; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. I],435.— Lychnis orientalis Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. Il, I (1772) 304,t.1.—S.orientalis var. communis Trautv. (in schedis).— Ic.: Rchb.Ic.Fl.Germ.VI,tab.244,f.4994 (Proteina orientalis (L.) Ser.).— Cusin et Ansberque, Fl. Franc. IV (1869), tab. 6, fig. 18.— Exs.: J. Bornmuller Pl. Anatoliae or.no. 1800. Annual; stem glandular -pubescent or glabrous (var.glabrata Trautv.), 5—10 cm long, divaricately branched; leaves 12—15 mm long and 2mm _ broad, glabrous, the lower oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, the upper linear, acute, often reflexed at tips; flowers in a loose corymbose inflorescence; pedicels erect, about equal to calyx; calyx 7—10 mm long and 3—3.5mm broad, short-cylindric, glandular-pubescent; teeth oblong-triangular, acute, with narrow white scarious margin; petals pink, ecoronate; limb very small, subcuneate, semibifid; capsule oblong-cylindric, about equaling calyx; seeds cinnamon, subglobose-reniform, finely tuberculate. May— August. Dry stony plains, slopes, and hills.— Caucasus: Dag., E.and 8. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (S. W. Kopet Dagh). Gen.distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the Orient. Type in London. Genus 500. VELEZIA * L.** I, Sp pl. 1 (1753) 382. Calyx slenderly tubular, 5-toothed, 5—15-nerved; petals 5 or 10; styles 2. Herbaceous plants with branched stems and linear leaves. * Named for the Madrid pharmacist Christobal Velez, a disciple of Minuart. ** Treatment by S. G. Gorshkova. 659 870 1. V.rigida L. Spec. pl. (1753) 332; Fenzl.in Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 274; Boiss. Bl Or, eee ohbmaliol Mit, '220—le. 2iRchbs les LAGernmn. Vet. 24-5.) bo O ia Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc.no.270; H. F. A. M.no.475a and 475b. Annual, glandular-pubescent; stems geniculately branched, to 50 cm long; leaves subulate, linear or narrowly linear, 7-12 mm long and 0.5—1 mm broad, acute, Scabrous-margined; flowers solitary, subsessile, alternate or paired; pedicels thickened, one-sixth the length of calyx; calyx slenderly cylindric, 11—20 mm long and 1.5mm broad, 15-nerved, with 5 elongate - subulate teeth; petals pink; limb 2-fid, the upper surface with few hairs at base; capsule cylindric, 4-toothed, shorter than calyx; seeds small, cylindric or ovoid, eccentric due to depression at the hilum. May-— June. (Plate XLV, Figure 3). Sandy, pebbly, stony and dry places, slopes, and hills. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E.,and S. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Balkh., Syr D., Pam.-Al., T.Sh., Mtn. Turkm. Gen.distr.: Med., Bal. As. Min., Iran. Described from S. Europe. ‘Type in London. 660 ADDENDA V* 871 DIAGNOSES PLANTARUM NOVARUM IN TOMO VI FLORAE URSS COMMEMORATARUM (DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES MENTIONED IN VOLUME V1) Novembri 1936. 873 CHENOPODIUM L. 1. Ch. jenissejense Aellen et Iljin sp. nova. Planta annua, 5—30 cm alta, caulibus prostratis, rarius suberectis; folia oblongo deltoidea vel ovali-deltoidea, trilobata, acuminata vel marginibus subparallelibus, superne 1—2-denticulata, lobis lateralibus dentiformibus ad medium laminae dispositis, utrinque viridia. Inflorescentia plus minusve densa, spiciformis; phylla perianthii membranacea, leviter carinata, sparsim farinosa; pericarpium brunnescens cum semine cohaerens; semina 1—1.25 mm, diam., atrata, non manifeste picta. Area geogr.: Europa et Sibiria subarctica. Typus: Sibiria jenissejensis; arenae et glareae in ostio fl. Kureika, 7 IX 1914 n° 4102, leg. N. Kusnezov et Reverdatto; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ab affini Ch. prostrato Bge. foliis deltoideis, manifeste trilobatis differt. 2. Ch. pamiricum Iljin sp. nova. Planta annua, 3—20 cm alta, a basi ramosa, valde farinosa, habitu Ch. vulvaria L., non foetida saepe purpurascens; folia parva petiolata, lamina ovata vel subhastata, obtusa vel obtusiuscula, 0.25—0.75 mm longa, integer- rima. Flores hermaphroditi; phylla perianthii oblonga, basi solum concreta, vix carinata, obtusa, a tergo farinosa; stamina 5. Semina horizontalia, circa 1 mm diam., pericarpio striis radiatis ornato, compressa, nitida, fere laevia, margine subacuta. Area geogr.: Pamir orientalis. Typus: Declivia ad confluentes Baital et Murgab, I XI 1923, leg. H. Raikova (Herb. As. Med. in Taschkent). Haec species nova ad Ch. Karo’ Aellen accedit, sed foliis parvis, structura seminum, pericarpio non foveolato recedit. ATRIPLEX L. 3. A. megalotheca M. Pop. sp. nova. Planta annua, 30—50 cm alta, caulibus erectis vel adscendentibus, ramosis, ramis inferioribus approximatis, oppositis, fere decumbentibus; folia * [This appendix has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original. ] 661 874 alterna, ovoidea vel ovoideo-hastata, brevipetiolata, obtusa, basi late cuneata, integerrima, subtus tantum vel non raro utrinque farinosa. Flores axillares in glomerulos dispositi; glomeruli feminei 5—20-flori; bracteolae magnae, plerumque 10—45 mm longae et 8—35 mm latae, trilobatae, farinosae, lobo medio elongato, integerimo, obtuso, fructificatione in parte inferiore convexae, duriusculae, dense verrucoso-appendiculatae, concretae, in parte superiore herbaceae, liberae, longepedicellatae, pedicellis ad 50 mm longis instructae. Semina ovalia vel rotundato-ovalia, 2.5—3 mm longa et 2—2.5 mm lata. Area geogr.: Kazachstania austro-orientalis et Kaschgaria. Typus: Kaschgaria. Ad radices australes Tjan-Schan, inter Ak-su et Kuczej, prope pagum Dshurga, 3 VIII 1929, n° 681, leg. M. G. Popov; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Species nova a ceteris valde distinctissima. CERATOCARPUS L. 4. C. turkestanicus Sav.-Rycz. sp. nova. Planta annua, 3—30 cm alta, dense stellato-pilosa, caulibus a basi ramosissimis; folia linearia vel oblonga, 2—7 cm longa et 2—10 cm lata, mucronata, ad basin attenuata vel fere brevipetiolata. Bracteolae (fructifica- tione) obovoideae vel oblongo-obovoideae, plerumque 5—10 mm longae, rarius ad 15 et 4—7 mm latae, appendicibus rectis, divergentibus, tenuiter subulatis, ad 15 mm longis. Area geogr.: Armenia, Turcia, Iran, Asia Media. Typus: Turkmenistania, prope urbem Aschchabad, V 1900, n° 286 leg. Sintenis; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. A C. arenario L. follis latioribus, bracteolis obovoideis dignoscitur. CORISPERMUM L. 5. C. Hilariae Iljin sp. nova. Planta annua, 5—10 cm alta, laete viridis, ex toto glabra, a basi ramosis- sima, ramis inferioribus; folia oblanceolata, oblonga vel oblongo-linearia leviter falcata, acuta vel mucronulata, usque ad basin attenuata. Inflorescentia spicifor- mis, angusta, non densa, bracteis (excl. infer.) oblongo-ovoideis vel ovalibus, late albide marginatis, acuminatis, fructibus longioribus et vix angustioribus, supremis subaequilongis; perianthium monophyllum phyllo ovali vel rotundato- ovali, apice inciso-dentato; stamina 1—3, mediis perianthio 1.5—2-plo longioribus. Fructus ovalis vel oblongo-obovoideus, 2.5—3.5 mm _ longus et 2—2.5 mm latus, in fronte vix convexus, a tergo subplanus, glaber, leviter nitidus, plus minusve verruculosus, apice late triangularis, alatus, ala tenui, flavescenti, subpellucida, vix denticulata, angusta, nucleo obscure-olivaceo 1/,—1/,9 angustiore. Area geogr.: Pamir. 662 375 Typus: Murgab, locus Boguczi, in valle fl. Ak-su, 32 VIII 1934, n° 247, leg. Hilaria Raikova; in Herb. As. Med., Taschkent. Species nova a C. tibetico Iljin glabritate omnium partium aberrit. 6. C. gelidum I[ljin sp. nova. Planta humilis, 3—6 cm alta a basi ramosa, ramis inferioribus adscenden- tibus, plerumque purpurascens, sparsim pilosa; folia linearia, acuta, usque ad basin vix attenuata, inferiora reclinata, superiora suberecta. Inflorescentia breviter spiciformis, densa, bracteis ovalibus late et albide membranaceo marginatis, acutis, fructibus leviter longioribus, inferioribus longioribus; perianthium monophyllum, phyl o ovali, apice emarginato-dentato; stamina 3, mediis perianthio subduplo longioribus. Fructus ovalis, 3—4 mm longus et 1.75—2.75 mm latus, in fronte convexus, a tergo concavus, utrinque pilosus, ‘apice in rostrum brevem attenuatus, alatus, ala subpellucida, denticulata, undulata, nucleo magis obscuro '/,—"/, angustiore. Area geograph.: Pamir. Typus: In ditione lacuum Rang-kul, prope vallem Zor-Burljuk, 29 VIII 1935, leg. Hillaria Ratkova; in Herb. As. Med., Taschkent. Nostra species a C. Korovini lljin inflorescentia crassiore, alis fructu latioribus, magis pellucidis et undulatis, nucleo convexo discrepit. ANTHOCHLAMYS FENZL 7. A. turcomanica lljin sp. nova. Planta annua, 15—50 cm alta, glabra vel in inflorescentia vix brevissime et sparsim pilosa; folia inferiora ovalia vel oblongo-ovalia, breviter petiolata, reliqua angustiora. Inflorescentia superne abbreviata; perianthium 1—1.5mm longum, phyllis infra concretis. Fructus rotundatus, 3—4 mm diam.., late alatus, ala undulata, apice manifeste et semper profunde et anguste emarginata, medio non rostrata. Area geograph.: Turkmenistania. Ty pus: montes Malye Balchany, leg. Bobrov. Ab affini A. polygaloide (F. et M.) Fenzl structura fructus sat distat. SALSOLA L. 8. S. subcrassa M. Pop. sp. nova. Planta annua, 15—40 cm alta, a basi ramosa, ramis inferioribus elongatis, infra subperplexe-pilosa, pilis elongatis, mox deciduis, supra subglabra vei sparsim brevissime pilosa; folia alterna, carnosa, obtusa, subdecurrentia; bracteata, ovoidea. Flores in inflorescentiam spiciformem dispositi; phylla perianthii glabra, fructificatione alata, alis roseo-purpureis (semper?); antherae appendicibus rotundato-ovalibus, brevissime pedicellatis, vesiculosis instructae; stigmata subulato-filiformia, stylo triplo-quadruplo longiora. 663 876 Area geogr.: Kaschgaria et Zaisan. Typus: Kaschgaria, prope urbem Urumezi, 28 IX 1929, n 922, leg. M. Popov. A S. crassa M. B. stigmatibus valde longioribus, a S. transoxana lljin perianthio glabro facillime dignoscitur; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. 9. S. lachnophylla Iljin sp. nova. Planta annua, ad 30 cm alta, densissime molliter villosa, pilis solum longis instructa, a basi ramosa, caulibus et ramis albidis; folia subcylindrica, obtusa, crassa, 7—10 mm longa et 1.5 mm lata, vix decurrentia, reclinata, inferiora valde perplexe villosa, floralia bracteolis vix longiora. Perianthium phyllis membranaceis, acutis; villosis; antherae lineares, 2—2.5 mm longae, appendicibus sphaeroideis, vesiculosis, albide roseis instructae, stigmata fere subsessilia. Area geograph.: Usbekistania. Typus: Dalversinskaja steppa inter lacus Vneschneje Solenoje et Koschkul, 7 IX 1916, leg. Turner; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. A S. intricata \ljin indumento et stigmatibus secernitur. 10. S. Baranovii Iljin sp. nova. Suffrutex 12—15 cm altus, caulibus annotinis brevibus, tenuibus, horno- tinis simplicibus, 1—1.5 mm diam., breviter et tenuiter pilosis; folia linearia subcylindrica, 8—12 mm longa et circa 1 mm diam., obtusa, basi dilatata, supra basin strangulata, subappresse breviter pilosa, floralia, arcuato-inflexa, flores valde superantia; bracteolae dilatatae floribus vix longiores. Inflores- centia spiciformis; phylla perianthii obtusa, late membranaceo marginata, pilosa, conniventia, fructificatione alata, alis semiorbicularibus et late obovo- ideis; antherae vix conspicue appendiculatae, appendicibus albidis, tubercu- latis, stigmata longe filiformia, 1.75—2 mm longa, manifeste papillaria, recurva, stylo brevi, circa 0.5 mm longo. Area geogr.: Vallis Alai. Ty pus. In loco Dshangali in valle Kisyl-su, declivia schistosa, 10 1X 1927, n° 1578 leg. H. Raikova et P. Baranov; in Herb. As. Med., Taschkent. 11. S. Vvedenskyi Iljin et M. Pop. sp. nova. Planta annua, 15—40 cm alta, ramosa, valde villosa, pilis difformibus; longis articulaiis, scabridis, et brevibus ramulosis; folia alterna, crassiuscula, subcylindrica, obtusa, basi vix dilatata, in parte inferiore caulis numerosissima, perplexe villosa, floralia bracteolis dilatatis subaequilonga, atque bracteolae sub anthesi conniventia, fructificatione patentia. Flores solitarii, phylla peri- anthii villosa, conniventia, alata, alis.reniformibus vel semiorbicularibus; anthe- rae disjunctae, appendice lanceolata, non colorata instructae; stigmata fili- formia, elongata, stylo brevissimo multoties longiora. Fructus verticalis vel horizontalis. 664 BT 7 Area geogr.: Usbekistania australis, Turkmenistania australi-orien- talis et Tadshikistania occidentalis. Ty pus: prope urbem Kelif, 12 1X 1916, leg. Androssov; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Species valde propria. 12. S. stellulata Eug. Kor. sp. nova. Suffrutex, 10—20 cm altus, a basi ramosissimus, pilis brevissimis stel- lulatis obtectus; folia subcylindrica, brevia, 5--10 mm longa, superiora breviora, obtusa, sessilia, basi vix dilatata, patentia, floralia ovoidea vel latiora, bracteolis obtuse carinatis valde breviora. Phylla perianthii membra- nacea, villosa, fructificatione alata, alis membranaceis, reniformibus, plerum- que purpureis (alis duabus fere non evolutis); antherae disjunctae, appendice lanceolata, acuminata, pallida, scabrida, antherae subaequilonga; stigmata subsphaeroidea, stylo subaequilonga. Area geogr.: Turkmenistania australis. Typus: montes Kopet-dagh, prope urbem Kisyl-Arvat, ‘leg. Eug. Korovin; in Herb. As. Med., Taschkent. Ab affini S. aurantiaca Bge. indumento manifeste divertit. RHAPHIDOPHYTON ILJIN gen. nov. Flores hermaphroditi, pentameri; phylla perianthii fructificatione alata; stamina 5, antherae sagittatae ad appendices disjunctae, appendice acuminata, sessili instructae; lobis disci semiorbicularibus; stigmata 2, subulata; ovarium sphaeroideum vel sphaeroideo-ovale. Semen horizontale, rarius_ verticale, partem inferiorem pericarpii solum occupans; embryo spiralis. Genus novum a Joaea Boiss. seminibus, forma pericarpii, antheris disjunctis, structura appendicum et habitu primo intuitu distinctissimum. 13. Rh. Regelii (Bge.) Iljin comb. nova. ILJINIA EUG. KOR. gen. nov. Floribus hermaphroditis solitairis axillaribus, bibracteatis; perigonio depresso-globoso herbaceo fructifero subchartaceo paulo immutato, alato; ejus phyllis conniventibus, ovatis concavis enervibus, dende vix durescentibus medioqué transverse alatis, alis patentibus; staminibus disco extus insertis filamentis abbreviatis filiformibus, antheris punctiforme appendiculatis; ovario depresso-globoso conico, stylo brevissimo stigmatibus duabus patule-excurvis, dilatatis intus papillosis terminato; disco staminifero profunde lobato circum- dato, lobis ovatis truncatis margine incrassato-papillosis tantum a basi inter se connatis. Genus bene distinctum a Salsola L. disco staminifero crasso lobato, ab Arthrophyto Schrenk perigonii structura omni, stigmatibus rigidulis foliisque 665 878 sparsis, a Haloxyloa Bge stigmatibus duobus, disci lobis incrassatis papillosis, foliis spars's distinguitur. 14. J. Regelii (Bge.) Eug. Kor. — Haloxylon Regelii Bge., Arthrophytum Regelii (Bge.) Litw., Salsola Regelii Litw. ANABASIS L. 15. A. micradena Iljin sp. nova. Planta annua, 6—20 cm alta, glabra; caulis ab ima basi trichotome ramosissimus, teretiusculus, quadrisulcatus; folia carnosa, semiamplexicaulia, oblonga, subcylindrica, 6—10 mm longa et 1.5—2.5 mm crassa, infima oblonga vel spathulata, plana, 10O—16 mm longa et 4—6 mm lata, mox decidua, apice rotundata, setifera, setis persistentibus, 2—5 mm longis. Flores numerosissimi, fere in omnibus axillis terni, quini vel septeni; phylla perianthii ovalia, obtusa, integerrima, fructificatione leviter accrescentia, uninervia, nunquam chartacea et callosa, non marginata, omnia supra medium alifera, alis pallidis, majoribus reniformibus, minoribus obovoideis; ovarium dense et minute papillosum, stigmata subulata, sessilia. Area geogr.: Asia Media australis. Ty pus: Kara-Kalpakia, iter Amu-Darja, takyr prope declivia cretacea inter montes Sultan Uiz-Dagh et Ky-Ajaz, 6 X 1912, leg. N. Dimo; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ab affini A. annua Bee. foliis floralibus et bracteolis obtuse carinatis, phyllis perianthii fructicatione non marginatis bene differt. 16. A. Abolini Iljin sp. nova. Suffrutex, 10—25 cm altus, ramis lignosis brevibus, multipliciter divergen- tibus, densis, inter se valde approximatis, caulibus hornotinis laevibus, sim- plicibus, subcylindricis, bi- vel rar:us quadristriatis; folia linearia, 5—8 mm longa» subcylindrica, crassa, subclavata, patentia, setifera, setis 1—2 mm longis, crassis et incurvatis. Flores plerumque terni; phylla perianthii ovalia vel ovata, obtusa, convexa, fructificatione infra medium alata; stamina filamentis subulatis, brevissimis, 0.5—0.75 mm longis, antheris non appendiculatis sub- sessilibus; lobi disci ovati, glanduloso-fimbriati, glandulis plus minusve lon- gestipitatis, stipite plerumpue 2—3-cellulari; ovarium vix papillosum. Area geogr.: Tjan-Schan centralis. Typus: Distr. Ketmen-tube in loco Tachtalyk, 24 VII 1927 n° 544, leg. R. Abolin; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ab A. affini F. et M. forma ramificationis, caulibus hornotinis semper laevibus, setis foliorum crassis et incurvatis, filamentis hrevissimis, subulatis, antheris subsessilibus, lobis disci glanduloso-fimbriatis sat distat. 17. A. turkestanica Iljin et Eug. Kor. sp. nova. Planta perennis, 30—50 cm alta, pallide viridis, radice elongata, nigres- centi; caules crassiusculi, basi 4—10 mm diam., manifeste quadranguli, 5402 666 179 glabrj, ex 20—25 internodiis compositi, vix conspicue (sub lente!) verruculosi a basi ramosi, ramis etiam ramosis, squmae basilares dilatatae, approximatae appressae, reliquae late-triangulares vel triangulari-ovoideae, apice a que flavescentes vel fere lateritiae, membranaceae et insuper angustissime pellucide marginatae, in mucronem paleaceum, subpellucidum, 2—3 mm lon- gum attenuatae. Flores singulares, bracteolis ovalibus, membranaceis, iis brevioribus instructi; phyllis perianthii paleaceis, obtusis; staminodiis ovalibus margine incrassatis et fimbriato-glandulosis, perianthio subduplo bravindiils. Area geogr.: Uzbekistania, Golodnaja steppa. Typus: Golodnaja steppa, prope puteum Kara-Kamysch, 19 VI 1915, n° 408, leg. M. D. Spiridonov; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ab affini A. ferganica Drob. caule quadrangulo, foliis omnibus mucro- nulatis statim aberrit. 18. A. pauciflora M. Pop. sp. nova. Alte suffruticosa, ramosissima, 30—40 cm alta. Caules herbacei (horno- tini) brachiatim ramosi ramis herbaceis crassis oppositis patentibus. Folia ad vaginas intus lanatas brevissimas triangulares reducta. Flores oppositi v. abortu solitarii, pauci, ad ramorum latera nec ad apices (spiciformiter) dispositi. Perianthium majusculum phyllis subplanis fere sub apice alatis, alis (5) parvis curvatis subhorizontalibus. Ty pus: Ad ripam septentrionalem lacus Balchasch ad colles Kounrad, in declivio salso agrillaceo, fr. 9 X 1935, leg. M. Popov u N. Rubtzov; in Herb. Almaatensi. Ab A. aphylla L., cui habitu similis, nostra species differt floribus paucis ad ramorum latera nec ad apices (spiciformiter) dispositis, ramis crassiorlbus et praesertim perianthiis triplo majoribus, vaginam floriferam (bracteam) multo superantibus sub apice alisque 5 subhorizontalibus parvis. ARTFHROPHYTUM SCHRENK 19. A. leptocladum M. Pop. sp. nova. Suffrutex, 25—60 cm altus, ramossimus, ramis hornotinis rigidiusculis, glabris, laevibus, cylindricis, folia subcylindrica, brevia, 1—3 mm _ longa, obtusiucsula, ad caulem subappressa vel vix patentia. Flores solitarii, bracteo- lis rotundatis, anguste membranaceo-marginatis, obtuse carinatis in paniculam latam dispositi; phylla perianthii fere herbacea, membranaceo-marginata, obtusa, fructificatione alata, alis subrotundatis, membranaceis; filamentis basi alte con- cretis lobi disci semiorbiculares, papilloso-fimbriati. Fructus 2—2.5 mm diam. Area geogr.: Tadshikistania et Turkmenistania extremo-australi- orientalis. Typus: Prope urbem Kelif, 12 IX 1916, leg. Androssov; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ab A. wakhanico (Paul.) Eug. Kor. statura humiliore, foliis brevioribus secernitur. 667 HALOCHARIS MOQ. 20. H. lachnantha Eug. Kor. sp. nova. Planta annua, 5—20 cm alta, basi ramis elongatis, adscendentibus instructa, molliter, non dense, pilis patentibus obtecta vel subglabra; folia linearia, anguste subcylindrica, sessilia, obtusa, apice fasciculato-setifera, fasciculis deciduis, 10—25 mm longa, basilaria in rosula disposita, floralia bracteolis vix longiora; phylla perianthii oblonga vel oblongo-ovalia, apice truncata et denticulata a tergo longe et dense villosa; antherae infra ad '/,—/, liberae, appendice oblongo-ovoidea leviter obtusa, pallida vel interdum vix rosacea, scabrida, anthera valde breviore instuctae; stigmata elongata, filiformia, stylo subaequilonga. Area geogr.: Turkmenistania orientalis. Typus: arenae Kara-Kum australi-orientales inter puteis Czaryschly et Ekizen, 21 IV 1925, leg. Eug. Korovin; in Herb. As. Med., Taschkent. CLAYTONIA GRONOV. 21. C. Vassilievii Kuzen. sp. nova. Perennis; rhizoma tenue, longum, repens, ramosum, caules floriferos et surculos steriles foliosos emittens; caules tenues parvi unacum inflorescentia 3—4 cm alti; folium caulinum unicum lineare, 1 cm longum et 1 mm latum, obtusum, basi amplexicaule; folia radicalia non numerosa, 1—3 (raro defi- cientia) et folia stolonum linearia, 1.5—3 cm longa et 1—3 mm lata, obtusa. Racemus laxus, 2—4-florus, 1.5—2 cm longus, basi unibracteatus, bractea late-ovata, 4—5 mm longa; pedicelli longi post anthesin flexuosi, raro erecti (4) 10—15 mm longi; lobi calycini lati, (2.5) 3—4 mm longi, rose’, petala alba, 6—8 mm longa, stamina calyce longiora, semina orbicularia. Typus: Regio anadyrensis, in jugo Rarytkin, in monte Irgunei, tundra montana pratosa. Fl. 18 VIII 1933. Leg. V. Vassiliev; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab affini C. sarmentosa C.A.M. folio caulino unico lineari (nec foliis 2, latis) statim dignoscitur. STELLARIA L. 22. S. karatavica (Lipsch.) Schischk.— Arenaria karatavica Lipsch, ined. — Stellaria dichotoma 8. heterophylla Rgl. in sched. (non Fenzl).— S. serawschanica M. Pop. in schedis. Perennis; caules 10—15 cm alti, numerosi, ramosissimi, teretiusculi, bre- viter pubescentes; folia sessilia, anguste lanceolata, acuminata, 1—3 cm longa et 4—6 mm lata. Flores numerosi in pedicellis longiusculis paniculam corym- bosam formantes; sepala ovato-lanceolata 6—8 mm longa, acuminata, albo- marginata, dorso pubescentia, petala calyce vex longiora apice retusa. Hab.: In declivitatibus siccis. Typus: Asia Media. Montes Karatau, in clivis montanis siccis, alt. ca. 1500 m. Fl. 11 V 1866. Leg. N. Severtzov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conser- vatur. D:ffert ab affinibus: S. dichotoma L. et S. amblyosepala Schrenk caly- cibus 6—8 mm (nec 3.5—4.5 mm) lonzis. 23. S. fontana M. Pop. sp. nova. Perennis; tota planta laevis, glabra; caulis debilis, adscendens, 5—15 cm longus, plus minusve ramosus; folia lanceolato-linearia, 7—20 mm longa et 1.5—3 mm lata, acuta, basi angustata, viridia vel glauco-viridia. Flores in apice caulis solitarii vel 3—5, pedicelli tenues 1—3 cm longi; bracteae lan- ceolatae, totae scariosae vel late albo-marginatae, 2—4 mm longae; sepala ovato-oblonga 4—5 mm longa et 1.5 mm lata, acuta, marginibus late scariosa, glabra; petala alba calycem aequantia vel eo paulo longiora breviorave. Hab.: Ad ripas rivulorum montanorum. Typus: Asia Media: Schachrizjabs, prope pag. Gilam, in petrosis humidis ad ripam rivuli. Fl. 19 V 1916. M. Popov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab affini S. brachypetala Bge. petalis longioribus et foliis glaberrimis (nec basi ciliatis) differt. 24. S. soongorica Roshev. sp. nova. Perennis, caespites laxos formans vel caules singulos emittens; rhizoma tenue, repens; caulis 15—20 cm altus, plus minusve quadrangularis, simplex vel vix ramosus, adscendens, tenuis, glaber vel lanuginaso-pubescens; folia anguste lineari-lanceolata, longe acuminata, 6 cm longa et 4 mm lata, glabra nervo mediano et laterallbus prominulis. Flores in apice caulium non nume- rosi vel interdum solitarii, ped cellis 4—6 (8) cm longis; bracteae lanceolatae, acuminatae, marginibus scariosae, sepala ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, 5 mm longa, albo-marginata, glabra, nervis conspicuis; petala alba calyce paullulum longiora, fere usque ad basin bifida lobis oblongo-lanceolatis, obtusis; fila- menta basi sensim dilatata, antheris brunneis, 1—1.25 mm longis; capsula oblongo-ovata calyce paulo longior maturatione brunnescens; semina reniformi- orbicularia, aliquot lateribus compressa, tenuiter tuberculata. Hab.: In piceetis montanis. Typus: Kazachstania. Distr. Dzharkent (olim) in monte Ak-tasty-tau. Fl. 28 VI 1910 A. Michelson; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Appropinquat ad S. peduncularem Bge, sed foliis 3—6 cm (nec 1—3) longis et calyce majore distinguitur. 25. S. arctica Schischk. sp. nova. Sect. Eustellaria Fenzl in Endl. Gen. (1840) 969. Perennis, caespitem densum interdum subpulviniformem formans; caules quadrangalares, glabri, 3—5 cm alti, in parte inferiore arcte, subimbricatim 669 882 foliosi; folia coriacea, late vel anguste ovata, 5—9 mm longa et 3—4 mm lata, acuta, sessilia, glabra vel basi sparse ciliata, glaucescentia, interdum vio aceo- colorata. Flores in pedicellis glabris crassiusculis, 10—20 mm longis ex axillis foliorum supremorum oricntes solitarii vel (rarissime) bini; sepala ovata, 3.5— 4 mm longa nervo mediano prominente, lateralibus tenuibus, obtusiuscula, marginibus albo-scariosa ciliataque; petala alba 6.5—7 mm longa, fere usque ad basin bifida lobis ovatis, acutis obtusiusculisve; stamina 10 disco glan- dulifero assidentia; ovarium multiovulatum stylis tribus. Hab.: In glareosis maritimis, lat. septentr. 69.5°—0.71°. T ypus: Oriens Extremus. Peninsula Czuk stsky, in promontorio Schmidt (Severnyi, apud Kjellmann’a — Irkapij). 2 VIII 1934. Leg. B. Gorodkov; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Nostra species valde affinis S. Fisherianae Ser., sed foliis supra glab- ris secernitur. Appropinquat atque ad S. ruscifoliam Willd., sed calycibus 3.5—4 mm tantum longis (nec 6—8) bene differt. 26. S. schugnanica Schischk. sp. nova (Sect. Oligosperma Boiss. F1. Or. I, 1867, 705). Perennis, radix tenuis, longa, albescens; caules numerosi, debiles, adscendentes, 4—10 cm longi, caespitem laxum formantes, inferne glabni, superne tenuiter glanduloso puberuli; folia lineari-oblonga, 5—13 mm longa et 1.5—2 mm lata, plana, acutiuscula, laete-viridia, tenuiter glanduloso-pube- rula vel glabra, internodiis longiora. Flores in apice caulium solitarii in pedi- cellis 5—10 mm longis, glandulosis, bracteae hebraceae; sepala 4, ovata, : 4 mm longa et 1.5 mm lata, acuta, nervis 4 vix distinctis; marginibus anguste : scariosa, dorso glandulosa; bracteae herbaceae; petala 4, alba calyce 1'/;— plo longiora, usque ad medium bifida lobis oblongis, apice rotundatis; sta- mina 8, de quibus 4 basi glandula instructa, ovarium 8—10-ovulatum, cap- sula ignota. Hab.: In rupestribus humidis alpinis. Typus: Asia Media. Schugnan. In declivitatibus septentrionalibus jugi Vrang, in loco Schoibyn, alt. ca. 4250 m. Fl. 16 VIII 1935. Leg. P. Ovezin- nikov; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Appropinquat ad S. Martjanovii Kryl., sed foliis linearibus nec oblongo- ovatis differt. 27. S. Alexeenkoana Schischk. sp. nova (Sect. Oligosperma Boiss. FI. Or. | (1867) 705). Perennis; radix sat longa; caules numerosi, debiles, abscendentes, caes- pitem laxum formantes, inferne fere glabri, superne pilis patulis simplicibus sparsim obtecti; folia lineari-lanceolata 7—17 mm longa et 1—2.5 mm lata, interdum glaucescentia, acuta, pilis mollibus simplicibus obsita. Flores in axilis foliorum superiorum in pediceilis brevibus (2—5 mm longis), pilis arti- culatis vestitis, bracteae nullae, sepala 4, anguste-ovata, 4 mm longa et 1 mm 670 883 lata, acuta, nervis indistinctis, in parte inferiore crispule pubescentia; petala 4, alba, calyce breviora vel eo subaequilonga, lamina usque ad dimidium bifida lobis lineari-oblongis; stamina 8, de quibus 4 basi glandula instructa, ovarium 8—10-ovulatum, capsula calyce brevior; semina orbiculari-reniformia, 0.8 mm in diam., sublaevia. Hab.: In lapidosis ripariis. Typus: Asia Media. Tagdumbasch Pamir (terra chinensis). In angustiis Pistan, jugi Sayr-bas, alt. ca. 3900 m. Fl. 15 VII 1901. Leg. Th. Alexeenko; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Non dissimilis est S. sehugnanicae Schischk. sed petalis calyce brevio- ribus et calycibus foliisque pilis simplicibus (nec glandulosis) tectis ab ea abhorret. CERASTIUM L. 28. C. Gorodkovianum Schischk. sp. nova. (Sect. Orthodon Ser. in DC. Prodr. I (1824) 415). Perennis; rhizoma tenue, oblique adscendens; caules 5—16 cm alti, basi adscendentes, subglabri, albescentes, superne erecti et pilis patulis brevibus, glanduliferis intermixtis obtecti; folia elliptica vel ovata, 6— 20 mm longa et 3—8 mm lata, obtusiuscula, inferiora in petiolum plus minusve longum attenuata, superiora sessilia, pilis mollibus longiusculis pubescentia. Flores in apice caulis 2—5, in cymate laxo, interdum cernui, pedicelli 5—7 mm longi, glanduloso-pubescentes, bracteae ovato-lanceolatae, marginibus in parte superiore scariosae; sepala ovata, 5.5 mm longa, glan- duloso-pubescentia, scarioso-marginata, acutiuscula; petala alba, calyce vix vel triente longiora, apice usque ad '/,—'/, bifida, glabra. Hab.: In pratis arenosis ripariis zonae borealis silvaticae. Typus: Ural septentrionalis, systema fl. Lapin, confl. fl. Sev. Sosva. Ad fontes amnis Manja, in prato ripario in zona silvatica. Fl. 27 VI 1927. Leg. V. Soczava; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Valde affine C. tianschanico Schischk. sed caulibus brevioribus, foliis ellipticis (nec lanceolatis) brevioribus sat distinctum est. Appropinquat atque ad C. Beeringianum Cham. et Schlecht. sed petalis calyce vix (nec subduplo) longioribus, calycibus majoribus foliisque latioribus discernitur. 29. C. dagestanicum Schischk. sp. nova (Sect. Orthodon Ser. in DC. Prodr. 1 (1824) 415). Perenne; tota planta albo-tomentosa; caules basi adscendentes, 7—15 cm alti, fragiles; folia lanceolata, 1—2.5 cm longa et 4—5 mm lata, acutiuscula. Flores in cymate pauci (3—8)-floro in pedicellis calyce aequilongis, breviori- bus longioribusve, sepala lanceolata 6—9 mm longa, acuta, tergo velutina, marginibus scariosa; petala calyce duplo long‘ora, lamina usque ad dimidium bifida lobis ovatis, filamenta unguesque glaberrimi; capsula calyce vix vel sesquilongior, dentibus apice revolutis; semina acute tuberculata. 884 Hab.: In rupium fissuris, in declivitatibus lapidosis herbosisque. Typus: Dagestania, Achty 1880, Leg. Becker; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Valde similis C. Szowitsii Boiss. et ab eo difficile discernitur, tamen floribuz numerosioribus, capsulis brevioribus, foliis nonnihil latioribus, denti- bus calycinis revolutis (nec erectis) videtur sat diversum est. MINUARTIA L. 30. M. Buschiana Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, caespitem laxum formans; caules 6—8 (12) cm alti, adscen- dentes, numerosi, simplices vel superne ramosiusculi, breviter asperulo-pubes- centes vel subglabri; folia setiformia 10 mm longa et 0.2—0.6 mm lata, glabra, trinervia, stricta, marginibus ciliatula. Flores in dichasio 3—7-floro in apice caulium, pedicellis 2—7 mm longis; bracteae lanceolatae, 2 mm longae, acutae, anguste albo-marginatae; sepala ovato-lanceolata, 3—5 mm longa, acuta, nervo mediano prominente lateralibus binis, viridibus, margini- bus anguste scariosa, petala oblongo-ovata calyce 1'/, plo longiora; capsula calyce paulo brevior; semina reniformi-orbiculata, 0.75—1 mm longa. Hab.: In saxosis regionis subalpinae et alpinae. Typus: Kuban prov. In cacumine montis Baranachi, in rupibus. Fl. 31 V 1907 Leg. N. A. Busch; in Herb. Ac Sc. URSS conservatur. Nostra species valde affinis M/. setaceae Thuill., sed seminibus majori- bus et sublaevibus (nec acute tuberculatis) sat differt. 31. M. micrantha Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, basi lignescens, ramosissima, caespites densos formans; caules herbacei numerosi, basi adscendentes, 6—20 cm alti, simplices, breviter puberuli; folia lineari-subulata, 5—12 mm longa et 0.3-—1 mm lata, margi- nibus breviter ciliata, trinervia, cauli adpressa vel aliquot reclinata. Flores apice caulium in cymatibus 3~--7-floris, pedicellis glabris 2—7 mm longis, sepala ovato-lanceolata 2.6—3.5 mm longa, uninervia, acuta; petala anguste ovata, calyce aequilonga vel eo breviora; capsula calyce brevior, semina ad 0.6 mm longa, ind stincte brevissime tuberculata. Hab.: In rupestribus. Typus: Turcia. Distr. Artwin (olim). In faucibus fl. Alvana-su prope Czarobieta. Fl. et fr. 29 VI 1911. Leg. Vvedensky; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab affini M. setacea (Thuill.) Hayek calycibus 2— 2.5 (nec 3—3.5 mm) longis et caespitibus densis distincta est. 32. M. Woronowii Schischk. sp. nova. Peren is, basi vix lignescens, caespites plus minusve densos formans; caules numerosi 8—25 cm alti, simplices vel in inflorescentia ramosi, inferne 672 885 breviter puberuli, superne fere semper glabri; folia setiformia, 5—11 mm longa et 0.2—0.5 mm lata, acuta, basi subdilatata rite cauli adpressa. Flores apice caulium in cymate paucifloro, pedicellis filiformibus glabris, 4—12 mm longis, sepala lanceolata 4—5.5 (6) mm longa, acuta vel acuminata, uninervia; petala calyce sublongiora; semina oblonga, ad 1 mm longa, laevia. Hab.: In rupium fissuris. Typus: Georgia, Tbilissi (Tiflis) in collibus prope Vake. Fl. 4 VI 1917. Leg. G. Woronow; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. A speciebus affinibus seriei ,,Setaceae “ calycibus majoribus, 4—6 mm longis statim dignoscitur. 33. M. gracilipes Kom. comb. nova.— Alsine gracilipes Kom. in Kom. et Alis. Key pl. East. reg. URSS I (1931) 495. Perennis, caespites formans, caules arcte congesti, numerosi, floriferi tenues, 15—20 cm alti, glabri, subracemosi vel slmplices, turiones steriles internodiis abbreviatis dense foliosi, folia anguste-linearia, 10 mm longa et 0.3—05 mm lata, glabra, rigidiuscula, vena mediana crassa, venis duabus lateralibus tenuioribus, sectione transversali subtriangularia, acuta, in axillis foliorum inferiorum turionumque fasciculifera. Flores apice caulis aliquanti, raro solitarii, pedicelli filiformes, 1.5—6 cm longi, bracteae parvae, lanceolato- lineares, scarioso-marginatae; sepala ovata 5 mm longa trivenia, marginibus anguste scariosa; petala alba calyce sesquilongiora; capsula ovata, calyce brevior. Hab.: In abruptis calcareis. Typus: Oriens Extremus, distr. Vladivostok, prope pag. Novo-Niko- laevka. Fl. 31 VIl 1930. Leg. J. Schischkin; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Foliis rigidiusculis, glabritate totae plantae appropinquat ad M. lineatam (C. A. M.) Bornm., sed pedicellis calyce 5—12-plo longioribus, foliis brevio- ribus et capsula calyce breviore bene differt. 34. M. Litwinowii Schischk. sp. nova.— M. Aucheriana var. glandu- losa Litw. in Trav. Mus. bot. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. III (1907) 106. Perennis; radix lignosa caules floriferos 4—10 altos et surculos numero- sos steriles dense foilosos emittens foliiscum pilis glanduliferis brevibus obtectos; folia linearia, 4—5 mm longa et 0.5—2 mm lata, trinervia, acuta vel obtusiuscula, inferiora mox marcescentia. Flores apice caulium in numero 1—3, pedicellis 2—10 mm longis, glandulosis; bracteae ovatae, acutae, herba- ceae, sepala lanceolata 5—6.5 mm longa, trinervia, acuta vel acuminata, glanduloso pubescentia, anguste scarioso-marginata, superne interdum subcolo- rata; petala calyce sesquilongiora; capsula oblonga calycem subaequans. Hab.: In saxosis rupestribusque. Typus: Asia media. Turcomania. Montes Kopet-dagh, in angustiis Karanky, alt. ca 1800 m. 6 VI 1898. Leg. D. Litwinow; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. 673 886 Non dissimilis est M@. Aucherianae (Boiss.) Bornm. et M. tauricae (Stev.) Asch. et Graebn. sed a priore indumento valde glanduloso, a posteriore calycibus majoribus, pedicellis brevioribus discrepat. 35. M. orthotrichoides Schischk. sp. nova. — Arenaria hirta var. glab- rata Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea 1 (1826) 56, ex parte. — A. glabrata Cham. et Schlecht. ex Mattf. im Beihefte z. Repert. spec. nov. XV (1922) 171 nom. nud., partim. Perennis, caespites densos formans; caules numerosi humiles, 1—2 cm alti, subglabri, in parte inferiore arcte subimbricat m foliosi; folia linearia, 5—6 mm longa et 0.6—0.8 mm lata, acuta, glabra, marg'nibus vix ciliata. Flores solitarii, pedicellis brevibus, 3—4 mm longis, subglabris, caespitem vix superantibus; sepala ovato-lanceolata, 3 mm longa, trinervia, glabra; petala alba calyce breviora vel subaequilonga late ovata basi in unguem brevem abrupte angustata. Typus: Oriens Extremus. Ad ripam maris Glacialis ad sinum S. Lau- rentii. Leg. D. Eschscholtz; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Nostra species a M. verna (L.) Hiern. caulibus abbreviatis vix 1—2 cm altis, glabritate totae plantae diversa est. 36. M. pusilla Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, glabra; caules numerosi in caespitem densum humilem 2—3 cm altum aggregati; folia anguste linearia, 3—6 mm longa et 0.6—0.8 mm lata obtusiuscula, uninervia, in parte inferiore caulis collocata, axillis fasciculifera. Flores solitarii pedicellis longiusculis 1—2 cm longis; sepala ovata trinervia, acuta vel acutiuscula, 2.5 mm longa, petala anguste-ovata calyce breviora, basi sensim attenuata, obtusa, capsula calyce longior, fere usque ad basin valvulis tribus dehiscens; semina reniformia, 0.7—0.8 mm longa rubescenti- fusca, sublaevia, nitida. Hab.: In glareosis ripariis. Typus: Tjan-Schan. In valle fluminis Kosalaczan. Fl. et fr. 23 VII 1913. Leg. B. Saposhnikov; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Appropinquat ad M. elegantem Cham. et Schlecht., sed foliis longioribus, 3—6 mm longis (nec 3 mm), seminibus nitidis subluevibus (nec rugosis) bene differt. ARENARIA L. 37. A. macrantha Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, rhizoma repens 3—4 mm crassum; caules non numerosi basi vix adscendentes vel erecti, 10—30 cm alti, in parte inferiore breviter aspe- rulo-puberuli, superne glaberrimi, folia radicalia setiformia, 3—7 cm longa et 0.3—0.5 mm lata, marginibus breviter ciliata, caulina 2.5—8 cm longa et 0.7—1.2 mm lata marginibus aspera, internodiis solito longiora. Inflorescentia corymbosa; pedicelli glaberrimi, 4—20 mm longi, bracteae ovato-lanceolatae, 674 887 majusculae, 6—10 mm longae et 3 mm latae, marginibus late scariosae, apice tenuiter acuminatae; sepala ovato-lanceolata, 6—10 mm longa et 3—4 mm lata, glabra, basi indurata, apice acuminata, late albo-marginata; petala alba, obovata, apice rotundata vel vix retusa, calyce vix vel sesqui longiora, cap- sula ovata 6—7 mm longa et 3.5 mm lata. Hab.: In rupestribus. Typus: Transcaucasia australis. Armenia, prope pag. Takjaltu. 10 VI 1912. Leg. G. Woronow; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Valde affinis A. holocteae M. B. et A. Szowitsii Boiss. a priore caulibugs inferne pubescentibus, a posteriore pedicellis glaberrimis (nec glandulosis) diversa est. 38. A. polaris Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis; rhizoma repens vel adscendens, caules floriferi numerosi, 10— 15 cm alti, glabri, unacum turionibus sterilibus caespitem laxum formantes; folia turionum setacea 3—7 cm longa, marginibus glabra vel indistincte aspera, folia caulina 1.5—2.5 cm longa et 0.8—1.5 mm lata, non raro violaceo-colo- rata, marginibus glabra vel vix aspera, basi in vaginam 3 mm longam per pariam coalita. Inflorescentia pauci (3—7)-flora paniculam corymbosam formans; pedicelli 4—20 mm longi, glabri, bracteae lanceolatae, scariosae, vulgo violaceo-coloratae; sepala late ovoidea, 3 mm longa, late scarioso- marginata, dorso violaceo-colorata; petala alba calyce duplo longiora. Hab.: In arenosis ripariis zonae arcticae. Typus: Sibiria arctica. Peninsula Taimyr, ad ripam fl. Dudypty. 18 VIII 1935. Leg. A. Vinogradova; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Nostra species A. graminifoliae Schrad. valde affinis, sed caulibus minoribus, foliis radicalibus brevioribus, sepalis violaceo-coloratis sat differt. MOEHRINGIA L. 39. M. elongata Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis; rhizoma tenue, ramosum, surculos steriles et caules floriferos edens; rami steriles 10—15 cm longi, brevissime asperulo-pubescentes, den- siuscule foliosi, folia ovata vel elliptica 2—2.5 cm longa et 0.8—1.2 cm lata, obtusa vel acutiuscula, breviter puberula, marginibus tenuiter ciliata, nervo medio prominente, lateralibus 5—7 indistinctis, basi sensim angus- tata, sessilia, internodiis longiora; caules floriferi 1—4, basi adscenden- tes, vel penduli 40—60 cm longi apice vix ramosi, glabri, tantum superne breviter asperulo-pubescentes, graciles, internodiis 4.5—5 cm longis; folia caulium floriferorum elliptica 5—10 mm longa et 2—4 mm lata, acuta vei obtusa basi in petiolum brevem attenuata, glabra, revoluta, internodiis multo breviora. Flores in apice caulium cyma pauciflorum formantes vel solitarii, pedicellis aspero-puberulis 10—22 mm longis; bracteae lanceolato-lineares, 1.5—2 mm longae, herbaceae, marginibus anguste scariosae; sepala late ovata 675 8882 mm longa glabra, trinervia, albo-marginata; petala alba obovata calyce duplo longiora; capsula ovata calyce sesquilongior. Hab.: In saxis rupestribusque umbrosis, muscis tectis. Typus: Oriens Extremus. Ad fontes flum. Suputinka in ripa sinistra rivuli Solontzovyi. 30 VIII 1935. Leg. T. Samoilova; in Herb. Ac. Se. URSS conservatur. A M. lateriflora (L.) Fenzl caulibus longioribus (40—60 cm _ longis), foliis caulium floriferorum foliis turionum sterilium duplo-quadruplo brevioribus, bracteis tantum marginibus scariosis bene differt. SILENE L. 40. S. Prilipkoana Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis; in parte inferiore ramosissima et lignescens, suffruticulosa; caules herbacei, 15—25 cm alti, pilis patulis brevibus dense vestiti; folia obovata 12—20 mm longa et 3—8 mm lata, dense breviterque puberula, subtus trinervia, acuminata, basi attenuata. Flores in apice caulis solitarii vel terni, laterales interdum longe pedicellati; bracteae lanceolato-lineares, her- baceae; calyx clavatus 12 mm longus et 5 mm latus, decemnervius, nervis prominulis, superne anastomosantibus, inter nervos scarioso-alb cans; petala albido-flavescentia calyce sesquilongiora, laminis usque ad dimidium bifidis, lebis oblorgis, basi appendicibus parvis ad 1 mm longis instructis; ungues superne auriculato-dilatati staminibuscum glaberrimi; capsula ovata, apice sensim angustata, 9 mm longa et 4 mm lata, carpophorus 3 mm longus, brevissime puberulus; semina triangulari-reniformia, 1 mm longa, dorso tuberculata. H ab.: In clivis lapidosis. Ty pus: Respublica Nachiczevan, prope pag. Achura. Fl. et fr. 20 VI 1934, Leg. L. Prilipko; in herb. As. Sc. URSS conservatur. Calyce subinflato et habitu appropinquat ad S. Bornmiilleri Freyn sed foliis spathulatis, breviorius distinguitur. 41. S. Kudrjaschevii Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, radix sat crassa, 5—6 mm in diametro, adscendens, pluriceps; caules rite numerosi, erecti vel basi adscendentes, 20—35 cm _ alti, parte superiore ramosi, fere usque ad apicem pilis patulis breviter pubescentes; folia anguste ovata, 2—4 cm longa, 0.8—1 cm lata, acuminata, basi in petio- lum latiusculum attenuata, superiora sessilia, omnia breviter puberula, raro subglabra. Flores in apice caulis et ramulorum solitarii, pedicelli longi glabri vel puberuli; bracteae lanceolato-lineares, acuminatae, marginibus ciliatae; calyx cylindricus, 20—25 mm longus, glaber, coriaceus, dentibus alternatim obtusis acutiusculisve; petala albido-flavescentia vel obscure violacea, laminis usque ad '/, bifidis, lobis oblongis, appendices ovati, obtusiusculi, carpopho- rus glaber, 5 mm longus. 676 889 Hab.: Asia media. In juniperetis montis Ak-taz ad meridiem ab oppido Gusar. Fl. 2 VI 1935. Leg. S. Kudrjaschev; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Nostra species valde affinis S. bucharicae M. Pop., sed calycibus brevioribus, foliis anguste-ovatis (nec lanceolatis) brevioribus, ramulis steri- libus in axillis deficientibus sat differt. 42. S. Korshinskyi Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, radix crassa milticeps surculos steriles numerosos, ceaspitem densum pulviniformem formantes et caules paucos floriferos, 1O—15 cm altos, inferne glabros, superne pilis simplicibus glanduliferis intermixtis vel tantum glanduliferis obtectos edens, folia turionum linearia vel lineari-lanceol ta, 1— 3 cm longa et 1.5—2.5 (3) mm lata, glabra, marginibus ciliolata, uninervia, acuta; caulina 3—5-paria, radicalibus similia sed minora imeriora glabra superiora sicut summitates caulium pubescentia; bracteae herb iceae lanceolatae sub florem insidentes. Flos apice caulis solitarius; calyx cylindrico-clavatus 23—27 mm longus, pilis glandulosis dense tectus; petala albescentia (?), calyce 7/; longiora, lamina ad dimidium bifida lobis oblongis apice inaequaliter rotundato-dentatis, basi appendicibus 2 mm longis praedita, ungues superne subauriculati, capsula ovata 10 mm longa carpophoro glabro 15 mm longo; semina reniformia, 1.5 mm longa, indistincte tuberculata vel sublaevia. Hab.: In rupestribus zonae alpinae. Typus: Asia media. Montes Alaici in trajectu inter flum. Karakule Maili-su. Fl. et fr. 30 VIII 1895. Leg. Korshinsky. Nostra species affinis est S. karaczukuri B. Fedtsch, sed dimensionibus totae plantae, bracteis sub flore insidentibus (nec deficientibus) abhorret. 43. S. Bobrovii Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, radix crassa, multiceps, caules numerosi basi adscendentes, 15—25 cm alti, glabri, solito viscosi; folia radicalia lanbeolata, 2.3 cm longa et 3—5 mm lata in petiolum laminae subaequilongum gradatim angustata, caulina sessilia marginibus breviter ciliolata. Flores apice caulium in numero 3—5, distantes, receemum laxum formantes in pedicellis 2—20 mm longis, non raro declinati; calyx anguste campanulatus 8 mm longus et 2— 3 mm latus, glaber, dentibus triangularibus acutiusculis brevibus; petala (‘n sicco) lutescenti-fusca, integerrima, oblonga, apice rotundata, calyce subduplo longiora, ungues filaznentaque glabri; capsula ovoidea, 8 mm longa, carpo- phoro glabro, 4 mm longo, semina triangulari-reniformia, tergo sulcata, sublaevia. Hab.: In declivitatibus siccis regionis subalpinae. Typus.: Asia Media. Montes Kuhitang, supra pag. Kuhitang, alt. ca. 2600 m. 23 VIII 1928. Leg. E. Bobrov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Valde affinis S. trajectorum Kom., sed calyce non inflato, 2—3 mm tantum lato, carpophoro glabro, breviore recedit. 677 890 44. S. polaris Kleop. sp. nova. Biennis; caules non numerosi raro solitarii, 25—50 cm alti, basi aspe- rulo-pubescentes, ceterum glabri, simplices vel a basi ramosi; folia radicalia ovoidea, in petiolum brevem attenuata et cum eo 3—5 cm longa et 8—12 mm lata, glabra, vel brevissime asperula, caulina lineari-oblonga, 3—4 cm longa et 1.5—1.6 mm lata, in axillis fasciculifera, rite glabra. Flores in fasci- culis laxis paucifloris, inflorescentiam racemoso-paniculatam formantes; pedi- celli filiformes 3—10 mm longi, glabri; calyx campanulatus, 3—3.5 mm longus dentibus obtusis; petala lineari-cuneata calyce 11/,—2'/,= plo longiora, fila- menta flore longiora; capsula ovoidea 4—5 mm longa et 2.5 mm lata, carpo- phorus 1—2 mm longus, semina reniformia 1 mm longa, dorso tenuiter ct obtuse tuberculata. Hab.: In glareosis ripariis, saxis calcareis et detriticis. Typus. Prov. Archangelsk (olim). Ad fl. Mesen, prope Ust-Vaschka IX 1905. Leg. R. Pohle; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. A 8S. bacshkirorum Janisch., cui affinis est, caulibus glabris, petalis calyce 1'/,—2'/,-plo longioribus diversa est. MELANDRIUM ROEHL. 45. M. adenophorum Schischk. sp. nova. Perenne; radix crassa, erecta (?); caulis 45 cm altus brevissime molliter- que glanduloso-pubescens; folia radicalia ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, 2—3 cm longa et 0.6—1 cm lata, acuta, basi in petiolum non longum attenuata; folia caulina media et suprema late-ovata, interdum suborbicularia, sessilia, apice breviter obtusiuscule acuminata, 2—2.5 cm longa et 1.5—2.2 cm lata, brevi- ter puberula. Flores in cymatibus in apice caulis et ramulorum, pedicellis brevibus, 2—5 mm longis glandulosis; calyx cylindrico-clavatus, 11—12 mm longus glanduloso-pubescens dentibus obtusis, petala alba (?) calyce duplo longiora, limbo multifido basi ecoronato; capsula ovoidea 7 mm longa, car- pophoro brevi 1.5—2 mm longo. Typus: Asia Media. Distr. Osch (olim) in ioco Oi-tal. Fl. 14 VII 1913. Leg. O. Knorring; in herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab affini M/. Fedtschenkoano (Preobr.) Schischk. pubescentia glandu- losa et calycibus minoribus 11—12 mm longis (nec 16—20) distinctum est. 46. M. erubescens Schischk. sp. nova. Perenne; caules 20—70 cm longi, numerosi, erecti, pilis crispulis non dense pubescentes, superne parum ramosi et hinc breviter glandulosi; folia anguste ovata 4—7 cm longa et 1—2.5 cm lata, acuta, septemnervia, margi- nibus nerviisque rigidiuscule ciliata basi angustata, sessilia, axillis saepe ramu- lis abbreviatis foliosis sterilibus praedita. Inflorescentia racemiformis, ramulis 678 891 brevibus paucifloris, secundis, glandulosis, bracteae herbaceae foliis similes sed minores, pedicelii 5—20 mm longi vel flores subsessiles; calyx tubulosus, 14—15 mm longus, dense glanduloso-pubescens, dentibus lineari-subulatis, acutiusculis, fructificatione tempore capsulam amplectens; petala roseo-rube- scentia calyce sesquilongiora, limbo ad dimidium bifido lobis oblongis, basi appendicibus binis oblongis 1 mm longis munito, ungues superne dilatati, glabri; capsula ovoidea, 12 mm longa et 6 mm lata, subsessilis. H ab.: In clivis lapidosis alt. 1500—2000 m. Typus: Asia media. Tadshikistania. Hissar. In declivio orientali mon- tium Gasi-Mailik inter fluvios Kafirnigan et Vachsch. Fl. 17 IV 1883. Leg. A. Regel; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Calycibus 14—15 longis, dentious, calycinis lineari-subulatis, laminis petalorum usque ad dimidium bifidis a M. ruinarum M. Pop., cui affine, dignoscitur. GYPSOPHILA L. 47. G. ucrainica Kleop. sp. nova. Perennis; rhizoma plus minusve longum, repens, caules aliquanti, erecti vel adscendentes, 25—65 cm alti, glabri, in inflorescentia ramosi et hinc glandulosi; folia lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, 4—8 cm longa et 4—7 mm lata, glabra, glaucescentia, acuta, inferiora in petiolum plus minusve longum angustata. Flores apice ramorum in corymbum densiusculum aggregati, inflorescentiam corymboso-paniculatam formantes, bracteae late-ovatae apice breviter acutatae, scariosae, 3—4 mm longae et 2—2.5 mm latae, nervo mediano brunnescente, saepe glandulosae; pedicelli 2—4 mm _ longi, glabri; calyx late-campanulatus, 2—2.5 (3) mm longus, dentibus obtusis scarioso- marginatis; petala (in sicco) alba calyce 1'/,-plo longiora, obcuneata, apice rotundata, ovarium 14—15-ovulatum. Hab.: In pinetis. Ty pus. Ucraina. In viciniis urbis Kiev in pineto prope pag. Darvitza 9 VIII 1909. Leg. E. Bordzilowski; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Planta facie G. altissimam referens, sed foliis lanceolatis vel lineari- lanceolatis, acutis, calyce longiore distincta est. 48. G. tianschanica M. Pop. et Schischk. in Ind. sem. Horti Almaa- tensis 2 (1935) 12, descr. brevis (emend.) Perennis; radix 4—6 mm crassa, suberecta vel adscendens, multiceps, caules floriferos in numero 4—10 basi vix adscendentes, erectos, 45—65 cm altos in inflorescentia ramosos, ramulis erecto-patentibus glandulosis stolo- nesque steriles numerosos emittens. Folia viridi-glaucescentia, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata 4—6.5 cm longa et 2—5 mm lata univenosa, apice obtusata basi angustata, inferiora et stolonum in petiolum plus minusve longum atte- nta. Flores pedicellis vix glandulosis, brevibus (2—4 mm longis) in cymaua 679 892 corimbosum congesti, paniculam laxiusculam formantes. Calyx glaber campanu- latus vix 2 mm longus u3gue ad dimidium in dentes ovatos, rotundato-obtusos late albo-scariosos incisus; petala alba calyce duplo longiora, cuneata, apice rotundata vel retusa vel vix emarginata, styli ovario 1'/,—2-plo longiores; ovula in numero 12—18, capsula late-ovata, 3—3.5 mm longa, semina orbi- culari-reniformia, tenuiter granuloso-striata, 1—1.4 mm longa. Hab.:,J/n clivis stepposis glareosisque. Ty pus: Kasachstania. Alatau Transiliensis. In parte superiore fluminis Czilik, ad fontes rivuli Czokurczak, in stepposis et glareosis, alt. ca. 2300 m. Fl. et fr. 10 VIII 1934. Leg M. Popov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Valde affinis est G. altissimae L. sed foliis angustioribus, ovario multi (12—18)-ovulato capsulisque majoribus differt. 49. G. Sambukii Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis; tota planta glaberrima, radix 3—5 mm crassa, multiceps, caulibus floriferis et surculis foliosis numerosis; caules 10—20 cm alti, basi adscendentes in inflorescentia ramosi; folia linearia 2—5.5 cm longa et 1 mm lata, acutiuscula, caulina 2—4-paria basi in vaginam brevem coalita. Inflore- scentia apicalis corymboso-paniculata, pedicelli 2—5 mm _ longi, bracteae triangulari-lanceolatae, scariosae; calyx campanulatus, 4 mm longus usque ad dimidium quinquepartitus, dentibus obtusis late scarioso--marginatis, ciliatis, plus minusve violaceo-coloratus; petala roseo-violacea calyce 2—2'/,-plo longiora, integerrima. Ovarium 14—16-ovulatum; capsula ovata calyce vix longior; semina reniformi-orbicularia, 1.5 mm longa, dorso acute tuberculata. Hab.: In calcareis. Typus: Sibiria Enissejensis. Planities excelsa inter fl. Enissei et Chatanga, ad ripam fl. Medvezhja. Fl. 6. VIII. 1935. Leg. Th. Sambuk; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Facie et florum magnitudine G. uralensi Less. valde affinis, differt peta- lis roseo-violaceis (nec albis), ramis inflorescentiae glaberrimis (nec glandu- losis). G. tenuifoliam atque primo intuitu mentem vocat, sed calycibus usque ad dimidium partitis (nec ad trientem), petalis intensius coloratis diversa est. ACANTHOPHYLLUM C. A. M. 50. A. lilacinum Schischk. sp. nova. Dense dumosum erinaceum, 20—25 cm altum, caules herbacei flexuosi, simplices, tantum in inflorescentia_ramosi, breviter asperulo-pubescentes, leviter violiaceo-colorati; foila subulata, 2.0—3.5 cm longa et 1.2 mm lata supra vix concava, subtus convexa, acerosa, puberula, erecto-patula in axillis fasciculis foliorum abbreviatis instructa. Glomeruli, 1—2.5 cm in diam., breviter peduncniati in corymbum densiusculum congesti; bracteae basi ovatae vel anguste ovatae apice subulatae squarroso-patentes subtus crispu'e puberulae; calyx cylindricus, 7 mm longus, superne violaceo-coloratus, dentibus breviter 680 —— 893 lanceolatis acerosis (1.5—2 mm longis); petala lilacina calyce sesquilongiora, lamina ovoidea, 1.5 mm lata, acuta. Hab.: In clivis siccis lapidosisque. Typus: Asia Media. Montes Kopet-dagh, prope pag. Suluklu. 7 VIL 1934. Leg. A. Borissova; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Affinis est A. pungenti (Bge.) Boiss., sed petalis lilacinis, foliis erecto- patentibus differt. 51. A. albidum Schischk. sp. nova. Basi suffrutescens, valde romosum; caules herbacei, 15—30 cm alt:, pilis brevibus dense pubescenti-canescentes; folia subuliformia, 2—4 cm longa et 1.5 mm lata, breviter puberula vel subglabra, horizontaliter patentia, ace-osa, in axillis fasciculis foliorum brevissimis instructa. Flores apice caulium in capitulis parvis (ad 1.5 cm in diam.), paniculam corymbosam laxam forman- tibus; calyx tubulosus, 6—7 mm longus, pilis crispulis brevibus pubescens, dentibus subulatis acerosis, ad 1 mm tantum longis, lamina albida basi vix rosea, 1.5 mm lata, apice obtusa. Hab.: In clivis conglomeratis. Typus: Uzbekistania. Distr. Margelan (olim), ad septentrionem a pago Kosch-Karczi. Fl. 28 V 1913. Leg. N. Dessjatova; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Appropinquat ad A. brevibracteatum Lipsky, sed glomerulis minoribus (1.5 cm diam.), petalis albis (nec roseis), fasciculis axillaribus vix evolutis dignoscitur. 52. A. subglabrum Schischk. sp. nova. — A. Stocksianum 8. pubescens Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. If (1903) 568. Dense dumosum erinaceum, caules numerosi, ramosi, 10—15 cm alt, glabri vel vix asperuli, folia subulato-acerosa, 2—3.5 cm longa et 1.5 mm lata, subglabra, marginibus ciliata, patentia. Glomeruli, 1—3 cm in diametro, breviter pedunculati; bracteae e basi anguste ovata acuminatae, squarroso- patentes, acerosae, marginibus ciliatae subtus asperulo-pubescentes; calyx tubulosus, 7 mm longus, subglaber vel pilis sparsis brevibus crassiusculis vestitus; petala roseo-lilacina, lamina anguste-ovata, 1.5 mm lata, apice acuta vel obtusiuscula. Hab.: In clivis lapidosis. Typus: Asia Media. Turcomania. Montes Kopet-dagh. In clivis prope pag. Czuli. Fl. 26 VII 1898. Leg. D. Litwinow; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Appropinquat ad A. elatius Bge. et A. Borczowii Litw., sed ab utre- que calyce longiore, caulibus brevioribus, foliis triangulari-subulatis (nec planis) bene differt. 894 53. A. tenuifolium Schischk. sp. nova. Radix 6—8 mm crassa, adscendens; caules numerosi, adscendentes, 5—30 cm alti, simplices, brevissime puberuli, pulvinum subglobosum formantes; folia patentia vel interdum reclinata, 4—5 cm longa et1 mm lata subulato-acerosa, glabra vel vix aspera, in axillis fasciculis abbreviatis dimi- dium folii attingentibus, raro eo longioribus, instructa. Glomeruli in corymbum 2—6 cm indiam. congesti; bracteae e basi anguste-ovata, subulato-acerosae, apice reclinatae, breviter puberulae, marginibus ciliatae; calyx tululosus, 6—7 mm longus et 1—2 mm latus, breviter pubescens, dentibus lanceolatis subulato-acuminatis vix acerosis 1 mm longis; petala rubescenti-rosea, calyce sesquilongiora, lamina anguste ovoidea, 1.5 mm lata, apice obtusa vel acutiuscula. Hab.: In clivis aridis. Typus: Asia Media. Prov. Fergana (olim). Prope Maili-sai. Fl. 2 V1 1878. Leg. Aschurbaev; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Consimilis est A. stenostegio Freyn, calycibus brevioribus, glomerulis densis, foliis glabris divertit. 54. A. turcomanicum Schischk. sp. nova. Glabrum, tantum folia et bracteae interdum breviter ciliatae; humile dumoso-intricatum, 25—35 sm altum, caules albescentes; folia subulato- acerosa, 3.5—5 cm longa et 1.5 mm lata supra concava, subtus convexa, axillis fasciculifera. Fiores in glomerulos apice caulium ramulorumque; brac- teae lanceolatae, squarroso-patentes, acerosae, marginibus ciliatae, calycem subaequantes, calyx cylindricus 8—9 mm longus, breviter puberulus vel subglaber; petala roseo-lilacina calyce sesquilongiora, lamina anguste ovo- idea, 1.5 mm lata, apice acuta. Hab.: In clivis lapidosis. Typus: Asia media. Montes Koret-dagh, prope pag. Vannovskoe. FI. 16 V 1911. Leg. A. Michelson; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Differt ab A. subglabro Schischk. caulibus elatioribus, foliis longioribus, 4—6 cm (nec 2—3.5) longis. 55. A. Krascheninnikovii Schischk. sp. nova. Dense dumosum erinaceum, caules numerosi intricati, 35—40 cm alti foliiscum pilis brevibus patulis vestiti, folia subulato-acerosa, 1.5—3 cm longa et 1—1.2 mm lata, patentia. Glomeruli in diametro 1.5 cm; bracteae lineari- subulatae, reclinatae, acerosae, calyce breviores, pilis crispulis, intricatis, longiusculis, dense vestitae; calyx cylindricus 9 mm longus, crispule glandu- loso-pubescens, dentibus acerosis 1 mm longis, petala rosea venis violaceis percursis; lamina ovata, ad 2 mm lata, acutiuscula. Hab.: In clivis lapidosis. 682 895 Typus: Asia Media. Karakalpakia. Sultan-Uiz-Dagh, prope coenobium. Fl. 28 VI 1928. Leg. H. Krascheninnikov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab affini A. adenophoro Freyn caulibus longioribus, bracteis calyce brevioribus, indumento minus glanduloso diversum est. 56. A. aculeatum Schischk. sp. nova. Dense dumosum erinaceum, caules a basi ramosi, 10—15 cm alti, aspe- rulo-pubescentes, folia patentia, subulato-acerosa, 1.5—2.5 cm longa et 1 mm lata, asperulo-pubescentia, axillis fasciculifera. Flores in glomerulis, 2.5— 3.5 in diam., bracteae subulato-acerosae erectae vel vix curvatae, florem superantes, basi dilatatae et hinc crispule villosae, marginibus late scariosae et ciliatae; calyx tubulosus, 9 mm longus, breviter puberulus dentibus lanceolato-subulatis 2 mm. longis; petala albido-rosea, lamina anguste-ovata, 1 mm lata apice acuta. Hab.: In declivitatibus siccis collium, alt. ca. 360 m. Typus: Asia Media. Uzbekistania, prope opp. Dzhizak. Fl. 9 VI 1901. Leg. Th. Alexeenko; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Ab omnibus speciebus Acanthophylli florae Asiae Mediae bracteis erectis flores superantibus statim dignoscitur. 57. A. schugnanicum (Preodr.) Schischk. — A. Fontanesii subsp. schug- nanicum Preobr. in Sched. ad Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS. Suffrutescens, dense ramosum, 8—15 cm altum, caules foliiscum asperulo, pubescentes; folia subulato-acerosa, patentia, 1—2.5 cm longa et 0.75 mm lata, supra sulcata subtus convexa, axillis fasciculifera. Flores in glomerulis pauci (5—7)-floris in diam. 0.7—1 cm, bracteae ovato-lanceolatae, acu- minatae vel breviter subulatae, puberulae, marginibus in parte inferiore scariosae, calyce subduplo breviores; calyx oblongo-cylindricus, pilis brevi- bus dense vestitus, dentibus lanceolatis acuminatis; petala pallide rosea calyce sesquilongiora oblongo-spathulata, apice obtusa vel rotundata. Hab.: In clivis siccis. Typus: Asia media. Tadshikistania. In valle fl. Seidzh-dary confluvii fl. Schach-dary. Fl. 16 VII 1914. Leg. N. Tuturin et P. Bessedin; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Valde affine A. glanduloso Bge, sed foliis brevioribus, tantum 1— 2 cm longis, glomerulis niivionibue: 0.7—1 cm in diametro, diversum est. 58. A. elongatum Preobr. in sched. ad Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS. Glabrum, glaucescens, caules 35—45 cm alti, tenues, ad 1 mm crass}; folia subulato-acerosa, triangularia, supra plana, subtus convexa, inferiora 3—3.5 cm longa et apud basin 1—1.5 mm lata, media et superiora minora, axillis foliorum inferiorum fasciculifera. Flores in capitulis 12—15 mm in diam., densiusculis; bracteae obovatae, 7—8 mm longae et 4 mm latae, tergo rubes- 683 896 centipurpureae, nervo mediano valde prominente, marginibus late albo- scariosae, apice breviter mucronulatae; calyx tubulosus, 7.5—8.5 mm longus et 1.5—2 mm latus, sparsim pubescens, superne rubescenti-purpureus, den- tibus obtusis, apice mucrone brevi mollique terminatis; petala roseo-purpurea calyce vix longiora, lamina apice retusa. Typus: Asia Media. Montes Kopet-dagh. In loco Budzhnurt prope pag. Firjuza. Fl. 14 VII 1884. Leg. A. Nikolsky; in Herb. Ac. Se. URSS conservatur. A. serawschanico Golenk. valde affine sed caulibus 35—45 cm altis (nec 10—25 cm), pubescentia subnulla, calyce 7.5—8.5 mm (nec 4—5 mm) longo bene differt. DIANTHUS L. 59. D. Ruprechtii Schischk. in Grossh. Ma. Kasx. II (1934) 433, descript. brevis rossica. — D. carthusianorum §. caucasicus Rupr. Fl. Cauc. (1869) 174. Perennis, caulis 20—50 cm altus, glaber, simplex, folia radicalia cito. marcescentia, linearia, marginibus vix aspera, 2—2.5cm longa et 2—5 mm lata, caulina 3—6-paria, linearia, 7—10 cm longa et 2—4 mm lata, glaberrima, 3—7-nervia, acuta, basi in vaginam 10 mm longam per paria coalita, vagina foliorum supremorum non inflata. Flores in capitulum densum pauci (4—6)-flo- rum glomerati, basi foliis duobus capitulum non superantibus vestiti; calyx cylindricus 16—17 mm longus in parte superiore solito coloratus, dentibus acutis; squamae late ovoideae 6—8 mm longae apice saspe retusae vel in mucronem brevem (1 mm longum) abrupte abeuntes, calycis dimidium vel trientem partem obtegentes; petala rubra, lamina suborbicularis, 4—5 mm longa, inaequaliter dentata. Hab.: In pratis et clivis alpinis subalpinisve. Typus: Caucasus. Dagestania. VII 1860. Leg. Ruprecht; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Similis est D. cartusianorum L. sed bracteis longioribus basin dentium calycis vel ejus apicem attingentibus, laminis petalorum angustioribus mino- ribusque distinguitur. 60. D. kirghizicus Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, caules fere a basi ramosi, 15—30 cm alti, grabri; folia turionum sterilium radicalium anguste linearia 2.5—3 cm longa et 1 mm lata, glauca, marginibus aspera, acuta saepe longitudinaliter complicata, folia caulina eis similia, 1—1.5 mm lata, rite plana, basi per pariam in vaginam brevem (1—2 mm longam) coalita. Flores solitarii vel in numero 2—3 in apice ramulorum, inflorescentiam laxam corymboso-paniculatam formantes; calyx cylindricus, 12—15 mm longus et 2—3.5 mm latus, viridescens dentibus lanceolatis, acutis, marginibus scariosis ciliatulisque; squamae coriaceae, quaternae, ovatae, marginibus scariosae, acutae, trientem tubi calycini obte- 684 897 gentes, petala albo-rosea (?), limbus oblongus, 5—6 mm longus et 2 mm latus, superne barbulatus apice acute et profunde dentatus. Hab.: In glareosis ripariig). Typus: Kirghizia. Prope stationem viae ferrae Dzhelal-abad, ad ripam fl. Kugart. Fl. 4 VIII 1920. Leg. N. Androssov; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. D. ramosissimo Pall. et D. pallidifloro Ser. affinis, sed ab utroque foliis brevioribus, 2—3 cm longis (nec 3—6 cm), squamis acutis, nec in mucro- nem transeuntibus, abhorret. 61. D. inamoenus Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, caules basi adscendentes 10—45 cm alti, in parte inferiore foliiscum breviter asperulo pubescentes, superne glarbi, folia linearia, 3—7 cm longa et 1—3.5 mm lata, acuta, 5—7-nervia, basi in vaginam 2 mm longam coalita, marginibus aspera. Flores solitarii in apice caulis et ramorum paucorum; calyx cylindricus, apice attenuatus, 14—16 (18) mm longus; squamae 4, coriaceae, late-obovatae, breviter mucronulatae, calycem arcte amplectentes et 7/,; ejus attinzentes, petala flavido-viridiscentia, obovata, 5—10 mm longa et 2—4 mm lata, apice inaequaliter obtuse dentata. Hab.: In declivitatibus lapidosis. Typus: Georgia. Tbilissi (Tiflis) in declivitatibus ad fl. Vera. Fl. 26 V 1918 Leg. B. Schischkin; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Valde affinis D. Marschallii Schischk. sed pubescentia partis inferioris caulis, laminis petalorum longioribus, 5—10 mm longis (nec 4—5 mm) recedit. 62. D. tianschanicus Schischk. sp. nova (Sect. Fimbriati Boiss. Fl. Or. ] (1867) 480), Perennis, radix crassa multiceps; caules numerosi basi vix adscendentes vel erecti 15—25 cm alti, superne vulgo ramosi ramulis paucis strictiusculis, raro simplices, laeves; folia anguste-linearia, 2—3.5 cm longa et 0.5—1 mm lata, acuta, glabra, uninervia, basi in vaginam 0.5—1 mm longam coalita. Flores solitarii, bini vel terni, raro numerosiores; calyx cylindricus ad 18 mm longus dentibus lanceolatis acuminatis margine anguste membranaceis; bracteae scariosae ovatae in aristam herbaceam abrupte attenuatae, calycem trientem cingentes. Lamina rosea vel purpurea, oblonga, in lacinias capillaceas latitudine areae multo longiores multifida; capsula calycem aequans, semina oblonga 3 mm longa et 1.5 mm lata. Hab.: In clivis siccis et glareosis ripariis. Typus: Tjan-Schan orientalis. Ad ripam fluminis Tekes non procul a pago Kapkak. Fl. 13 VII 1934. Leg. B. Schischkin; ~in‘Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. ®Maopa CCCP, -z. VI 57 685 898 Appropinquat ad D. crinitum Sm. et D. Kuschakewiczi Rgl. et Schmalh., sed ab utroque differt calyce breviore 18 mm (nec 25—35 mm) tantum longo, lamina purpurea (nec alba vel rosea). 63. D. seravschanicus Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, basi lignescens; caules numerosi, erecti 35—50 cm alti, glaucescenti-virides, fere a dimidio ramosi, rami oblique sursum adscendentes, inferne breviter asperuli, superne glaberrimi, folia linearia 2.5—5 cm longa et 1—3 mm lata, acuminata, glabra, trinervia, basi in vaginam 1—3 mm lon- gam per pariam coalita. Flores in pedicellis brevissimis in apice ramulorum bini, terni aggregati, raro solitarii, inflorescentiam Jaxam paniculiformem formantes; calyx cylindricus, superne angustatus, 15— 20 mm longus et 2.5 mm latus dentibus acuminatis, squamae senae vel octonae (raro quaternae) ovoideae in mucronem brevem abrupte abeuntes, dimidium vel trientem calycis obtegentes; petala albida (?), lamina fimbriato-multifida. Hab.: In clivig siccis aridis. Typus: Asia media. Alpes seravschanici, in declivitatibus aridis prope pag. Kschtut, alt. ca. 1550 m. Fl. 19 VII 1913 n° 161. Leg. J. Bornmiiller; in Herb. Ac. Sc. conservatur. Ab affinibus speciebus seriei Criniti nostra planta floribus in apice caulium ramorumque in pedicellis brevissimis binis-ternis conjugatis, fasciculos subsessiles bi- vel trifloros formantes bene differt. 64. D. karataviensis N. Pavl. sp. nova. Perennis, caules basi adscendentes, 20—35 cm alti, ramosi, glabri, vel in parte inferiore asperuli; folia linearia, 2—4 cm longa et 1—2.5 mm lata, surculorum sterilium plus minusve asperula, caulina rite glabra. Flores solitarii vel raro bini in apice caulis et ramorum, paniculam laxam formantes; calyx oblongo-cylindricus in parte superiore paulum constrictus, 12.5—16 mm longus, glaber dentibus ovato-lanceolatis acutiusculis, vix asperulis, marginibus anguste scariosis et tenuiter ciliatis; squamae 4—6 (8) coriaceae, ovatae, scarioso-marginatae et ciliatulae, apice breviter acuminatae vel acutae calycis trientem partem vel dimidium obtegentes; petala roseo-purpurea, lamina oblonga usque ad dimidium fimbriato-multifida lobis linearibus, ebarbulata. Hab.: In rupestribus et clivis siccis stepposis. Typus: Asia media. Montes Karatau, in trajectu Kulan. 8 VII 1931. Leg. N. Pavlov; in Herb. Universitatis Mosquensis, cotypus in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservantur. Ab omnibus speciebus seriei Criniti calycibus brevibus 12.5—16 mm longis statim dignoscitur. 686 inate 899 65. D. soongoricus Schischk. sp. nova. — D. crinitus Kryl. Fl. sib. occid. V (1931) 110, non Sm. Perennis, caules solito numerosi, 10—30 cm alti, caespitem formantes, simplices vel superne ramosi, inferne breviter asperuli vel tota planta glabra; folia anguste linearia 1—3 cm longa et 0.5—1 mm lata, acuta. Flores solitarii apice caulis et ramorum paucorum (2—3); calyx cylindricus 20—30 mm longus et 3—4 mm latus dentibus lanceolatis acutis; squamae quaternae, oblongo-ellipticae, scarioso-marginatae, apice vulgo sensim acu- minatae, raro in mucronem brevem abeuntes, trientem vel quartam partem calycis obtegentes; petala fusco-rubra vel albida, sicco saepe fuscescentia, lamina 10 mm longa fere usque ad basin fimbriato-multifida lobis filiformi- bus; capsula cylindrica calycem subaequans, semina elliptica 3 mm longa et 1.5 mm lata tenuiter marginata. Hab.: In semidesertis arenosis lapidosisve, in clivis siccis. Typus: Kazachstania. Distr. Zaissan (olim), prope pag. Kenderlyk. Fl. 2 VI 1914. Leg. B. Schischkin; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. D. turcomanico Schischk. valde affinis, sed caulibus basi non lingnes- centibus, foliis anguste linearibus, laminis petalorum fere usque ad basin multifidis sat differt. 66. D. turcomanicus Schischk. sp. nova. Perennis, basi suffrutescens; caules numerosi, 10—50 cm alti, tenuiter asperulo-pubescentes vel fere glabri, glaucescentes, simplices vel ramosi; folia linearia 1—6 cm longa et 1—2 mm lata, acuta, trinervia, inferiora brevissime pulverulente-tomentosa, suprema glabra. Flores solitarii in apice caulis et ramorum paucorum; calyx tubulosus 25—32 mm longus et 4—5 mm latus, apice vix costrictus, dentibus lanceolatis acuminatis (8—10 mm longis) marginibus anguste scariosis ciliatisque, squamae quaternae raro_ senae, ovatae, acutae vel breviter acuminatae, scarioso-marginatae, trientem calycis obtegentes_ petala albido-rosea, lamina usque ad dimidium fimbriato- multifida, ebarbulata, pars interga laminis ovata 7 mm longa et 3 mm lata. Hab.: In saxosis, rupestribus et detriticis. Typus: Asia media. Turcomania. Montes Kopet-dagh, prope Cheirabad. Fl. 9 Vil 1898. Leg. D. Litwinow; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS. Valde affinis D. pulverulento Stapf, sed calyce glabro (nec pulverulente- scabro), squamis trientem calycis obtegentibus (nec dimidium) sat differt. 67. D. tetralepis Nevski sp. nova. Glaber, glaucus, basi suffrutescens, caulibus stricte ramosis paucifloris, foliis laevibus vel vix asperulis strictis lineari-subulatis, inferioribus 1—3 cm longis 1—2 mm latis, superioribus 0.5—1.2 cm longis ca. 1.75 mm latis, squamis (bracteis) quaternis adpressis late lanceolatis vel elliptico-lanceolatis subito acuminatis calyce 3—4!/,-plo brevioribus marginibus membranaceis 687 900 interdum violaceo-coloratis, exterioribus 0.75—0.9 cm longis ca. 3 mm latis, interioribus 0.9—1.1 cm longis. 3.5 mm latis, calycibus longe cylindraceis 3—3.5 cm longis quinquedentatis dentibus lineari-lanceolatis vel linearibus acutissimis vel acutis, lamina pallide vel pallidissime rosea obovato-oblonga in lacinias capillaceas profundissime multifida basi in unguem longissimum sensim attenuata. Hab.: In rupibus calcareis. Typus: Asia Media, ad basin jugi Kuhitang prope pagum Kuhitang, 2 VI 1934 n° 1. Leg. S. Nevski; in Herb. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. Differt a D. crinito Sm. et D. Kuschakeviczii Rgl. et Schmalh. squamis quaternis acuminatis, nec in cuspidem abrupte attenuatis. 688 INDEX ALPHABETICUS Ordinum, familiarum, specierum atque synonimorum plantarum in tomo VI Florae URSS commemoratarum paniculatum 8. gypsophiloides Golenk. 801 » Page Acanthophyllum C.A.M....... . 780 | stenostegium Freyn. ....... Beerasiim Sosni isd -! se) fy --earmapes 791 Stocksianum ¢. pubescens Freyn . . . aculeatum Schischk. ........ 791 subglabrum Schischk.. . ..... adeno horum Freyn ....... - 789 tadshikistanicum Schischk.. . . . aibidumSchischk. L835) mane 509 Akinfiewii Schmalh. . . . .....- 490 arctica:Fenzl PEs Pare sa 515 arvensis var. maxima G. F. W. Mey. . 552 Biebersteinii Rupr... .- .-... 500 bifloras Wahib. 6s as OTS RE 516 » §.carnosulaFenzl...... 516 Billardiert Bovss2oe) «pte, SURG 489 borealissBritti@onyn tee 8s ks sss 404 3 alpestris Britt.. ..... 404 breviflora Gilibs = 4 i. 2 eee 487 brevis Boiss» 669/503 ca ON RARE 489 caucasica Boiss. ......... 490 ie Rupr. . . 509, 510 ciliata Schmalh.. . . . . . 509, 510, 514 condensata Presl. . ........ 499 costata) Fenzl Sy 4c, a. os So ee 505 crassijoliaBrittas 4) Ae eee 402 diandra Guss.. = |. 2. peed pee eiek 557 dianthifolia Boiss. . . ......- 499 elegans*Fenzly ... ss « A) aieaeet 508 glauca Britt. - 5, .<) sis. a ees 406 globulosa Fenzl | . . . «wwe ws 489 glomerata ‘Fenzl ..gatt 2) hens): e 492 es B. brevibracteata Fenzl 492 3 y. echinosperma Fenz| 492 ‘ a. longebracteata Fenzl . . 492 gracilipes Kom. . .... 2... . 502 graminea Britt. .......-... 405 690 Pag. granuliflora Fenzl... ...... =. 494 hirsuta 8B. denudata Fenzl... . . . 499 » y.vestitaFenzl]....... 496 hispanica Wenz =) a ee 481 holostea Britt... . ........ 402 humifusa Bree}. SPOR 403 hiybrida: Jordiet: M2. 3. ae es 488 imbricata (M. B.) C.A.M .... . 510 : CAME ae 514 r var. inamoena Boiss. . 514 inamoenaC. A.M... ....... 514 intermedia Boiss... ....... . 491 juniperina €. lineata Boiss. . ... . 503 Juniperina Schmalh. 504 FY var. lineata Zelen. . 504 laricina Crantz . ......... 513 lineata*Bois: 9s. SS PORE 503 macrocarpa Fenzl... ...... 513 marginata Fenzl. ......... 505 a Schrebet! sieitel navi 555 m0 Rehbeskie fwert) ie 557 *3 Go ALM oe 557 media L. «i 5 2 OE 395, 482 Meyeri Boi's3' e200 G2 DR 489 Michauxii a. erectaRgl.. . .... . 502 Michauxii Fenzl . ........- =. 502 montana Fenzl. .......... 490 occulta Fisch: <4... .54fiee eee 516 pallida Dumort...°.».0¢7. 98> 397 paniculata Fenzl. ... ..... 505 pentandra Crantz owe 555 peploides Crantz. ......... 517 pilifera Turez. 2 j-yi 90 es naene 513 pinifolia auct. . ...... weesk> Neue 510 at Fenzl, 2). 2 atvicel ta eee 509 recurva All... . . .. - 499 a, 1@:, nivalis Boiss. 40) donee 499 , £. hirsuta Boiss. . . . . 496, 499 i.) Schmalhiiin.eses th . 496 rhodocalyx Alb. ....+.+..-- 514 Rossii Fenzl. «. = + sot: gellt-aees 508 = a. corollina Fenzl. .... . 508 rubella 8. caucasica Rupr. .... - 505 rubra C. ASM. «243.3: ia ee 557 , , Crantz ts? y aiasate) cue 558 rudbarensis Stapf .....-..+.- 489 saxatilisRupr.. -- ..- - 493, 495 sclerantha Fisch. et Mey. . . .. - - 491 sect. Minuartia Fenzl. . ....- - - 489 sect. Sabulineae Fenzl] ...... - 487 segetalis Lo 2S. 2 ae - 3562 setacea Mert.et Koch ......- .- 493 Alsine set. ¢. granuliflora Boiss. » 8. psilosperma Fenzl... . » Y. pubescensFenzl. .... atricta Wahlb.. 2)”. 0°29. 40k subuniflora Alb... .. 2... . faHrICAr Steven. Plz MO. ‘enuifolia 6. brachypetala Fenzl.. . . z a. genuina Boiss. . . es a. grandifloraFenzl . . . . var. Regeliana Trautv.. . . « B. tenella Fenzl. . . - B. viscosa Mert. et Koch . . (rrnervia Crantz - ... 2). 2.4 EIBIBOSE BYIRE. 6 iy SPOT esis werna Wahlbs. © Rae es peploides (L.) Rupr. ......-.. a var. oblongifolia Fenzl . . . AnabasisL. ...... a fet, ae ea Abolinuciiiin, | + 2.) +). Ate SOE affinis Bge age) 6 (ee) REM eh eh of Rie © eye affinis Fisch. et Mey. . . . .. ~~ - ammodendron C.A.M....... .- aphylla L. . oy atl) ‘oh; cel Goh ot “wi ete Fe Ney ae balchaschensis Ijin. . . ..... . brachiata Fisch. et Mey... -.-.- - brachylepis bracteolata DaDietriets oe vee = PELE oa clavata: Pall. « 3) =. .danek Sganmeleae conjugata Hofm........-.-:.- cretacea Pall. Geese ek oo hs. depressa Eug. Kor... .------ > echinopoda Echinus M. Eug. Kor. . . op. Csnheags B.Wahe nowViewetbods elatior (C. A. M.) Schischk. . . . - - eriopoda (C. A. M.) Benth. . -- - - ferganica Drob. . .-- +--+ +--+ > ” f. bys ty te candelabra Ijin . . . + - divaricata Ijin. . . -. . - florida M. B.. . . . s9s0% Sees folvosa Len, « s.6 ~ taalsipre Vek Ani foliata Pall Anabasis glomerata M.B. .....-.- - 351 calycantha Ldbit- wcP\caoeny 2: tee 404 myosicolaiilm <6. =.) 6 3s 5.) * 299 | campestris All. . ..- +... .- 558 heteroptera Jaub.et Spach. .... - 278 capillaris Poin»... - +. - . . 530 hispidula (Bge.) Benth . . ....- - 301 | capillaris 8. airifoliaRgl...... - 530 iliensis Kor.et Mir, . . . .. - . 301 ww. .@aformosa Rel. tl de pach eue 529 jaxartica (Bge.) Benth. ....--.- - 301 “5 &. kamtschatica Rgl. . . . - 530 Kareliniana Fenz| ee 296 % 0. nardifolia Rgl. .... - 529 Korovinialipniyited) 2) <0 «othe water ae 300 a a. typica Rg). . . .« » «wade macropte a Mog... ....- . 44% 296 a var. glab-ata (Ser.) Schischk. 531 miaradena Jigmi =) 5 -. « kee Se . 284 ‘ var. glandulifera (Ser.) monandra Schrad. . ... +--+. - - 276 Schischky'< wWisinch es ae 531 narynensis Eug. Kor... .- +--+ - 285 “ var. Meyeri Maxim. . . . . 53] oppositiflora M.B.......-. + 278 caucasica Ad:, ..- Gc) iattee ae 490, 509 eppositifjolia: MO B:) Shayne) cree! 319 nin kermald, . .. = -ie-wearie 490 Mauciilomalye ops ts.-05 = «ween 299 cephalotes M. B.. . . ... - opel Pavlour Eng: Kore +. + «ef-s 286 | 0 #)Cherleriae, Fisch. 2) yee aye =e 420 Bellotime Wanguyl; seria: sheers Woes 285 » ©, B. fasciculata Fisch)... 4 =, - 420 phyllophora Kar. et Kir. . -.-. - 300 » var. @.uniflora Fisch. . . . 420 ramosissima Minkv.. - .---.. . - 289 ciliata Ldbiicout? opcwtoneu ie tebe - 537 salsa (C. A.M.) Benth... - . - . 288 » var. frigida Kjellm. et Lundstr. - 537 » var. glabra Kar. et Kir. . . - - 288 » qovarwhamifusa,Hartms, >> 06 537 saxamrubiseh.< s+ «.ahsem ate 311, 313 » subsp. pseudofrigida Ostenf. et Sieversiiawellda. = Sew sa) -onsmeeee SIS) POs cdiiq Lis... tee eee eee Dahl. 537 spinosissuma@ Le ifsy jayicvimoet sy: + > = 266 costataiBge...; =| +s 4. gyrate eee 305 subulifoliaSchrenk. - ..- +--+: - 300 cucubaloidesC. A.M. .....-. - 528 fatarica’ Pall, (oS v2 & = el) Leyes 297 cucubaloides Smith. . ....... 528 evar Dakea lise: 120 Sy. Nek ait) 4288 - var. glabra Fenzl . . . . 529 Tournefortii Jaub.et Spach . . - . - 269 cylindrocarpa Fernald ...... . 537 Travschelit LitwoWieh. Faas see 285 dahurica Fisch. . ..~.. 4+ iaw aasceeees triandraM.B.- --- +--+ ++: > 318 diandra Giissx: + din eee 557 truncata (Schrenk) Bge.. - .-.- - 296 dianthifolia Fernald . ...... . 499 i var. Rezniczenkoil jin. . - . 297 dianthoidesiSm:, =<) sucue anne 520 os var. se avschanica lljin . . . 297 dubia: Suter... )s.%..5 0h 2s 3 eee 488 turgaica Ijin et Krasch.. . . . . - - 286 elegans Cham. et Schlecht. . . . . . 508 turkestanica Eug. Kor. ......- - 292 fe ganica Schischk.. . . .-.... . 532 wakhanica Pauls. -.-.--..-.- 308 filifolial Ms Binnie gee =e ones 525 Anchophyllum Iljin, sect... . . . . - - 237 formosa’Fischi's Sahay.) <1 2) eee 529 Anserina Dumort.- . -.- +--+ ---- 51 x var. glabra Fenzl... . . 530 Anthochlamys Fenzl ..------.- 162 4 var. glandulosa Fenzl. . . . 530 polygaloides (Fiseh. et Mey.) Fenzl . 165 frigida Rupr. ss pe oe eee 472 ” var. caucasica Iljin . . . 165 glabrata Cham. et Schlecht... . - - 506 Fs var. turkestanica Iljin . . 165 glaucescens H. Winkl.. . ...-.-- 536 turcomanica Iljin. .....-...- 165 globosa Hohenack. . .....+..-- 490 Apetalae — Sclerantheae Link .... .- 545 globulosa 8B. nanaC. A.M. ... .- - 489 Arbuscula Ulbrich, sect. . . ..-... 245 glomerata!M:. B. 4,4 eaeaodnn neon 492 Arenaria L. ..... . A. DWesrkocek 517 glutinosa) MOBY 2%. (0% hae 467 GFCLICAISLEN SO S218 cibayh? ean Ses 515 gram nea CijAc. Mijegnn 24. th -0 = ee 526 asiabiea Schischk: seneeieey |. 2% 527 graminea a. grandiflora Fenzl . . . . 526 austriqca Mu Benie VWs wee kes oa 500 » 6. parviflora Fenzl... . 527 baicalensis Steud ......... 507 graminifolia Schrad. ...--..- - 525 Biebersteinii Schlecht. . ... . Ean DZS graminifolia Trautv. +. ..... - 527 Brotherana Trautv.. ........- 515 5, var. Koriniana Trautv. . . 525 692 Arenaria gram. var. ostrina Schichk. grandiflora 0. stolonifera Ser. . Griffithii Boiss. gypsophiloides L. halophila Bge. . PGA g (se) Stes AEST OD (OVC on pee le aaa ester Helmii Fisch. : heteromalla Pers... . hirsuta M. B. hirta var. glabrata Cham. et Schlecht. Holostea Beaupr. s [ey 21 21S Rd 6S AE aN Pa ie rr holosteoides Edgew. i var. stellarioides Williams. humifusa (Swartz) Whlb. hyoridceNills ... . . . . imbricata M. B. insignis Litw. intermedia Fernald . - ACT GSN 1 | 3 i eel tn Meewaruslabra iol es ew iearatauica Lipsche jc .)- 2 ape: = Koriniana Fisch. lapponica Spreng. MICH OLUtO NORE el Foris Wlnucgis sss faricina Cham. et Schlecht. LECT TTR! lag SR aa eee ea ae a era laxa Fisch. Laxmannii Fisch. Ledebouriana Fenzl leptoclados Guss. ET PUQTETEN Go 97.2), A aaa Litwinowii Schischk. longifolia M. B. Myabmrden DC heh ew yee ms lychnidea M. B. mn var. glabra Alb... . . . . dychnideawurcz: «, »- = = + + = » » macrantha Schischk. macrocarpa Pursh marginataoM.B. 6.02.0... . 3 = |B {CARTER AN Sheba eater wc usig OMb se) cay Ga an yy ster eee! een” Hs ey WReiiie ein ce) (celvitely ter) ie: ets \s: aie el yeh ce. iet ca), fe vie CO Se COMER Meee. ACI OCH ae Sarre) eet Ln 0 Che artes eS 6 a eae Meyeri Fenzl Meyeri Edgew. et Hook. mongolica S hischk. montana f. caucasica Boiss... - . . muscorum Fisch... ....-. . nardilolia Ldb. norwegica var. humifusa E. Fries. . Sieawy eee Get ieee! “s Wiet te eh ue Si Ma ha, Pe on ariel es 693 Pag. Occwiea FISCH.. +. duet cphulicths Wied 516 aosepala Bordz. =. 2). .waRh: 527 dtitoides Adams: ~ “> ". |. eh nal tissue 527 ovalifolia Som. et Lev... . .. .. 535 Paniculaig Been ws A ito hh 505 Paulsenti Hi. Winkl.\ Aiceia «'s \ ls 535 pentandra Dufour .... . 487 Hs Masxmit Wieeta Brg 536 # Wallr.. . 555 DEDIOVE sees Bot 2th” pt a a 517 PMGSODES TI. on a os dni Mi gk cs 545 pinifolia.MuB... von oe DLO polaris Schis hk... 2. 2... 526 polygonoides 8. occulta Ser... . . . 516 Potaninit Schischke o 2. + © ste ¥o..3.48 536 procumbens RupY. ¢-=, s6< ih hs 4. oe 474 pseudofrigida (Ostenf. et Dahl) Juz.. . 537 PLUG EATERS 1G eee ee a ne 762 perpunem Wilda 0 i aye ce Rew 739 gaadrivalors’ R.Br. iy... ee ny es 506 Redowskii Cham. et Schlecht. . . . . 538 migiday MMB. ek oe ge ss 521 rotunditolia Mi Big tee gee wo es 538 rotundifolia var. colchica Alb... . . 538 rotundifolia var. flaccida Rupr... . . 538 FHIPeM ROOK hi |e ak gS ee Ge ea 506 el) oe ee aa 506 Fubicunda Spreng«.-- jo +: 38 739 FILD PAR enS Rega) e) Ac epee eam 558 DAakedcampstris oe ey oe. ie 558 WAV AT WIRORURG sh hos! Son ee 56] FUPIPROGGMECNZL ioe ys fk Bee i 546 SAJMMEMSISI WMG se ce Sy Hy ge ee as 516 SOWRGLOEE I. Wipe. see aie! ase te, eae 561 Salsugimeq Boe. ie os ee wely foe 557 p, Bonnier tes. concn eee 557 SAXaEISH Wise Gil Sees e by 3s 493, 525 scandinavica Spreng. . - 516 seperate Liam: pe. a Leg ea ca ea, = 562 SEFICCAUOET IOUS ic aes heyyy Ss ate 739 SETPYUNOMAMLL oo peyton yay pw ostysme 539 » var. scabra Fenzl. ...... 539 serpyllifolia var. tenuior Koch. . . . 539 serpyllifolia L. var. viscida DC... . 539 SetacenuPischieats. << aye 2,0 ae °s 530 RAMCMIVERTEMALeP RO Yen es) kts: Vey. tay aye he 492 » B.anatolica Syreiscz. ....- . 495 Sromicat Pers: S76 ss ut 4 fe ee 530 Spergularia Pers., sect... ....-- 556 Stenopetala Furez. “<6 ays os = ses 516 Stenophlta Gaba 8). ty i ys. os 525 SteventanaiBoiss.. 6 jeoic. el csuieh ss. ogi 527 Pag. Arenaria stricta Wats. .... . ee S07 argentea Pall.) toes, me 35 subilaia Seb: 3. iu)? yee 30 asiracanica,Balb- pe 95 Szovitsii Boiss. . .... . Si ciancomeanee 2277 Aucheri., Mogipidicis: Marly os has owe 85 Szovitsii Grossh.. .. . . a Ne 522 australasica .Moq:. 8-1. =. 21-1 on: 88 tenuifolia 0. hybrida Ser... ... . 488 Belangeri Grossh. et Schischk. . . . 103 i, éviscidula Ser. .... . 487 bracteosum Trautv.. . ...... 93 thymifjola Parsh (2 nhs ee 403 calotheca (Rafin.) Fries ....... 92 Primer Or cele eet jf ee 2 Bn 540 campestris Koch et Ziz.. . ..... 89 tschuktschorum Rgl....... . . 532 cana Co AaMi. eae soiiera ae 98 turkestanica Schischk. - ..-- - 538 centralasiatica Ijin. . ....... 102 ucranica Sprenger 2 2 = 19. 5 525 crassifolia; (C.gAy (Miia, us = se Oe uliginosa Schleich. . - .-.-..-.-. 507 crassifolium Majewski ...... . 87 umbrosa Bge. -.----+-.---+.-- 542 deltoidea Babingt. ......... 91 VEL GT eyramiomes sahara 505 desertorum Sosn.. . ........ 85 Willosa dbs sys fa yee et ste . 505 diffusa Ten aes wow) ote eee ee 95 wiolaced Mid be) | 739 dimorphostegia Kar. et Kir... . . .- 93 @iscidmlae MAU. "he ee. Do. S488 » £. bracteosa (Trautv.) Iljin. . . 93 WISCOSA WEES aha ned eye we ts | 487 erecta: Hudses, 2 62% ease eee 89 Wallichianagaser) jee i) 2) 2 se 539 fera (L:)\Boesic. seine ee Lee 107 Armeriastrum Ser.,subgenus . . . . . 812 flabellumeBgesu: een) ty @ see 105 Armerium Williams, sect... .... . 812 glauca Palle... gee eee 104 Arostiajalzissima,y Rati... .': 2... - ; 750 Gmelini C. AoMe 24.0292. eee 90 Arthrocnemum caspicum Mog. ... . - 169 hastata ix... « & % cea coe 91 Arthrophytum Schrenk ... . . . . 302 hastata var. calotheca Rafin.. . . . . 92 acutifolium Minkw.. ....... . 311 5 var. heterocarpa Fenzl... . 93 ammodendron Litw. .... . i BIS 4 var. heterosperma Rgl.. . . 93 » var. acutifolium Minkw.. . .. 311 a subsp. littoralis Pons .... 86 » var. aphyllum Minkw..... . 312 hastata var. macrotheca Rafin.. . . . 92 aphyllum Litw. ..... . since ps lies % var. microtheca Schum. ... 92 aphyllum (Minkw.) Ijin... . . . . 312 hastata subsp. patula Pons ..... 88 arborescens Litw. - ..-..-. - 311 hastata f. salina Wallr, ...... 91 betpakdalense Eug. Kor... .... 307 ss var. salinum Kryl. ...: . 93 ehimenseaVieuhapelrrcteei sc. =o. le gst se 241 Hermanni Willemet ........ 84 haloxylon Litw BS SOY AFRCOISON Fou M Oe, Wess 312 heterosperma Bge SRL Mop A Sasa G 93 WEnSe Min Pee 6 ss cows ays oe Tt 303 hortensiseL2) & 4 «Sue e ae eee 85 Lehmannianum Bge. ...... . . 304 hortensis subsp. nitens Pons . . . . - 84 leptecladumyM. Pop: <2. 3, . «4. < 308 incisa M:'Be? 3%) 2. a ee 95 LitwinowinkugvKors <0. ccm au 306 laciniata Sip. (piety ee 95 Parsicum (SaveeRyez. 02 is cs Pages. 311 3 NB, ae Sisto ae ee 94 pulvinatum Beikwei sujet Bits . 304 ef concolor lus.2 Fenzl .... . 103 Regelit: Litwaye see elea ss 2 ye OOo 4, diffusa Moq. . - ----- - 95 subulifolium Schrenk ...-.-.... 306 i discolor K. Koch . ....- - 95 wakhanicum (Pauls.) Eug. Kor.. . . . 308 7 turcomanica Mog... - - - - 103 AtriplexL.. .... Bi whe Sin Sas aes te 7] laevistG@mAd.. Mois ee ee 87 acuminata ,.Woiet Kies sug sues 2 84 latifolia Wahlb. . . . . at Bl cia iomate 91 BGLESTISPOCNUN in eyo al ays ee a 88 Lehmanniana Bge.. .....--+.-- 95 alba Scop. Ne is a NR ROD pe | lenticulareC. A. M......-.-.-- 107 amblyostegia Turez. . ....... 85 leptoclada Boiss.et Noé. . . . - - - 108 amaranthoides Gmel.. . ...... 113 littoralis Kryl.. . . . . + +--+: > 87 ambrosioides Crantz ........ 45 littoralisA) 278080 5) Setenenaenee 86 angustifolia | Smis. 0. 4. 5 8 3 89 » var. angustissima Kudo .... aralensisoliyin) ) os Gia s ah eh aes 105 » var. angustissima Mog... . . - 86 694 Atriplex litt. var. integrifolia Fenzl . . . 86 » var. marina Smith. . 86 » 0. mixta Mog. 89 » var. patens Litw. 87 » var. serrata Smith 86 HEGLAGMIOES Ey Mesias fc Ubssaacke ds WAU se 84 Pee Moenchy pinc. 2 3 tclesht butter a: 102 FETETENT TON CEN lc) SOE ne as een en Ese * 86 megalotheca M. Pop. . . 101 micranthum C. A.M... . 93 microsperma W.et K. ....... 91 moneta Bge.. . 106 nitens Schkuhr. . ....... 84 » subsp. desertorum Iljin 85 nudicaulis Boguslav. . .. . . 90 oblongifolia W. et K.. . . 89 obtusa Willd. 91 27a ae a 97 POUCLCHMUIND er: a Bk dp ie au op os 98 patens (Litwe) in. sc. ge (a aie ws. 87 (EYAL Et RR cee ices ce een 88 » var. angustifolia Lange. . 89 mi yWwar.erecta\Lange . j.0 0 py. 0s 89 » Q@.halepensis Fenzl. .... . 89 Sim Yoummixta COSSs 6 ei ee ek - 89 » var. oblongifolia Westrl. . 89 patulum var. tataricum Trautv.. . .-. 87 “PSO eh EE TA] DER ee eee 105 ipay.tulacoides Pall. i )5) 2 ee ie 104 praecox Hilphers. ......... 90 procumbens Gundz. ........ 88 4 ess etc fs: toe cad cag: 95 pungens Trautv........... 96 MOSCag eernare (Sw cuei ne os) ans aes 94 » var. subintegra C. A.M... .. 95 joseal bh. Pedtsch.. - .. 01> saes0 : 98 Sackii Rostk. et Schmidt. .... . 91 RUC ER al WPS, cos ays stl Guat Be lee 86 schugnanica Ijin. . ......-.-- 97 serpyllifolium Bge.. ....-...- 96 ibinicawlesgsas ie, ee kk ek esate, 102 sphaeromorpha Iljin 94 AR ATICA Mee iat oe 8 aol Sout aay eats 95 » §.campestris Mog. ... .- - 89 » var. concolor Fenzl . ... . 95 » var. diffusa (Ten.) Giirke . . 95 » var. discolor (Koch) Graebn.. 95 mavingata Boiss... «0. «3. 95 tatarica Schkuhr ..... . Sieaaeoe ek!) thunbergiaefolia Boiss. .....-- - 105 transcaspica Borom. et Sint... . - - 93 triangularis Willd... ....-.. 91 Page turcomanica Fisch. et Mey. .... . 103 udlidumiallinie, te, oo seas |. 90 VermuciferayNiaeb is 0) ca tick 104 WIT gata OCAps i, eh diy Aah: 89 Atripliceae C. A. M., trib... . . 2... . 74 Auriculatae’ Boiss., sect) 6... . . .. 656 Axyris L. Pk: ae ee 112 amarnranthotdess(-csiee eet ee, onl 113 caucasica (Somm. et Lev.) Lipsky. . 115 COrALOTC eS gn me sear Oh nl aig 103 glacials Bashedtsch. «(0 «| se ss 114 LV /e rata: MLS MR ANE MRe Cr APSO gb 113 pamiricaulshedtschs) ech ciie) Gite 114 prostrata: ion cage ets bi. is, Varennes 114 4; var. pamirica B. Fedtsch.. . 114 re Vary viridis lliiny 2 i-)uene =e 114 sphaerosperma Fisch. et Mey... .. 114 e var. caucasica Somm. et Lev. 115 tectorum Somm. et Lev....... 115 Barbulatum Williams, sect... ..... 822 IBasSsrac Alara aie ley os) ie ites oe WL he eae 124 divaricata O. Kze. . . . ... 126 Zs var. mollis Minkw.. ... . 126 EFIANLAGUN Gab cs) nuk elses de egies 124 hirsuta Asch. . Re shot estan ooomntenae 127 hyssopifolia Volk. . . .. . 125 tranica Bornmiy. © » 6-3 as ss oe 131 latifjolia uct. j. (cigs). en = 124 sedoides Aschers. ..-.+.+ +s 126 Behen Moench . Rate onerpe salt ree 595 Behen (Moench) Bge.,subgenus . . . . .« 595 vulgaris Moench . . .--. +--+ 596 Behenantha Ot.h,sect.. . .-.-+..- 595 Belanthera Iljin, sect. . - -.--+-+-- 258 Belowid MOG. occa se wy ae ee 182 bacciferan Mag. ee care a cwag ans 184 paradoxa Bye. (0 pes ges gis 178 Betaniet oor accor e epae 33 cicla Pers.. .- Nr ata Ps clare FPN ashe 35 escufenta Salisb.. . 35 foliosa Ehrenb. . . . -.-. +--+: - 35 foliosa Hausskn.... . - Biriges 39 hortensis Mill... ..-. . wee 35 lomatogona Fisch. et Mey. . .- 39 longespicata Mog... ++--:- > 39 macrorhiza Stev.. ...-. +--+: : = 39 TOPIC eee ol tt ee ee 34 perennis (L.) Freyn . . -. - . 34, 35 Rapa Dumont. <= <0) =. 35 sativa’ Berph: <0 so e e e ke es 35 SfrictavCoWocht ta, te tee ore 36 Beta sulcata Gasp. .......... 35 | Botryoides C. A. M., sect... ..... 46 trigyna W.et Ki... .. . . + + 40] Botrys Aelien et Ijin, subsect. . . . . 46 | » var. albiflora Bordz.. .... . 40 | Brachylepis (C. A. M.) Bge., sect.. . . 287 Villars le re tte too) 5 eRe 35 | Brachylepis C. A Mat S920 Ee oe . 237 @ wit] Garis) Clela@ la. pre fa et al) to ee 35 elatior, CG. "ASU 27128 Say oe ae 300 " vulgaris subsp. cicla (L.) Moq. . . . . 35 eriopoda Schrenk ......... 290 A ‘ subsp. cicla var. crispa (Tratt.) ferganica Ulbrich.’ | 1-4 2 (20 291 Mog. . - 35 hispidala Boe.) 2 > 323. Pee 301 2 subsp. cicla var. flavescens DC. 36 humilis Wess.) 1S Sas PG RORDSS be ot » var.incarnata Mog. 35 intermedia Kar. et Kir. ..... . 300 © p ei » var. purpurascens jaxartica (Bge.) Benth. ....... 301 Mog. . . 36 ramosissima Ulbrich . . .... . 289 a subsp. cicla var. sulcata (Gasp.) salsa, CA Mee eee * Hey alef oe ee 288 Moq. . - 36 truncata Schrenk. . . . ~~ . - 2 296 e subsp. esculenta (Salisb.) Brachyphylla Ijin, sect. . . . 2... 235 Girke . 35, 36 | Br chyphyllon Iljin, sect. . . ... . 325 2 subsp. esculenta var. alba DC. 365] Brezia Mog. ...--+-+- ++ ..--> 191 ” ” » var. altissina Rés- hetersphylla Mog. ...- +--+. 197 sig. . 35, 36| Bryomorpha Kar. et Kir... . .- ~~~ 545 a subsp. esculenta var lutea DC. 36 rupifraga’ Kar-et Kirs so: 2 fe 546 is 5 » var.rosea(L)Moq. 36 | Bucharicae B. Fedtsch., sect... ... - 771 e 5 » var. rubra(L.) Mog: ~36"| Buda*Adansi)." 2 3°55 <6 2 eee 556. 2 » foliosa (Ehrenb.) Asch. et ma’ind Dumort:) 2") POF Ie a 2 561 Schweinf. . 35 media*Dumort: 2. 3. 0 een ee 557 vulgaris maritima Mog... .-.. - .- 34 rubra ‘Damorty ater wee, 2 es cee 558 B perennis. Pee es oe 34 | 'Baffonia Looe ene ee eee 475 » sacharifera Alef... .. . . 35 macrocarpa Sers/e ee ee eee 476 Beteae’ Mog, trib... "5". 8 33 macrosperma Boss.. --. ... - 476 Bionertia Boe. 2 5°20. 8. eS. 199 3 J. Gayot thnter RZ eeae 479 cycloptera Bge. ..... 2... - . 200 Oliverianay Serica eae ee 479 Eipskgr Fomin. 2 >! & x, s.° : 2 200 parviflora Griseb. . ......-.- 476 Biiniiien et ree ah eee a a Ae 48 Sintenisii Freyn!:(. 2 . eee 476 ambrosioides Beck... . .-..- - 45 tenuifolia Liss ijuce tog th. eee 479 Bonus HenricusC. A.M...... .- 52 io MS Bite SO ee 476 capitatarnyleny ee ee ee 49 » Y.intermedia Fenzl .... . 476 chenopadioides Ls 8. 50 wirgata Syr:'.'|. 3)! f= eee 476 glancum Koch 225... e's. ee 52 (Korshinskyt Litws). 2... 7% ss ss 49 | Caluelia Mog)! . 22 eee 182 petiolare Links: (9% 6 eS 49 pterantha Mog. ...-+..+-+:- 187 polymorphum C. A. M.. .... . 50,53 | CamphorosmaL......... . . 116 » B. crassifolium Mog... . - 50 acuta base snct hoe eon ee eee 315 rubrum jy. crassifolium Moq. ....- 50 annuum Fenzl. ......- + «+ « 119 tataricum Bess. .......... 49 annuum) Palliis Je) 2 2 eee 118 ee NG mais bese ye sec te 50 Lessingti, Litwite, -so- fie te 118 IF OALTTIR ele eA ys 3) ie el hoe ‘owt ee 48 monspeliacum L.. .-.--.-%: 117 BootiahNeck= (9. Bb. 8. 218 Carpophora Hoffmzisteri Klotzsch . 711 Carthusianastrum Williams... ... . 812 Carthusiani Boiss., sect. . ...-... 813 Carthusianum Williams ........ 813 Caryophyllaceae Juss. -. . 2... 2... 386 Caryophylleae — Sclerantheae Endl. . 546 Caryophyllastrum Williams. . . ~~. . - 822 Caryophyllum Ser., subgenus . - . . . . 822 Caryophyllus armerius Moench. . . . . 812 barbatus Moench. . cus pepmeriaigt ovat Caudicosae A. Gray, sect... .-... 378 SLE CE ca 355 MEGERICA Sa eats sees se eS 355 » a. vera O. Ktze. 355 BS | Ges Pelee es ee ee 356 » var. catsreni Thell.. . . .. 356 » var. eucristata Thell. 356 Centrospermae Engl. .... «....+ 1 Cerastumils. 2. 2). i) .//. eee Mos 430 Alexeenkoanum Schischk. . . . . . . 451 UPPER OMe cya) 5) 3 eee ae HOP SP455 MNES Bray? hh a5 cP MEM, MANGES 459 Mipiei le Meso TT 5 anke heen, JU EWS 458 alpinum Beeringianum Rgl.. . . . . 456 » Y- caespitosum Malmgreen 458 » glabratumFenzl. ... .. 458 » var. glandulifzra Trautv. . . 458 » @Qhirsutum Fenzl ..... . 458 » §&.lanatum Fenzl ...... 458 » 0. serpyllifolium Rgl. 459 ainplext.aule Sims 2s *2P2 9% OY. ns 444 amurense “‘Ohwi. (2 2'25 Pepe, 454 anomalum Waldst. et Kit.. . . . . . 436 697 araraticum Rupr. . 465 argenteum® M.sBaey 3s reo sie, o) Pars 464 argentenimie ls Ee pe! vases) Be 464 » ssp. glabratum Sosnowsky . . 464 » 8. minor Freyn et Conrath. . 464 armeniacum Gren. ....-..... 443 ATVENSEN ei avict o 6) sys 460 » var. angustif.lium Fenal 463 i » glabellum (Turcz.) Fenzl . 463 2. » latifolium Fenzl ..... 463 arvensee-MABY sre ieee ee oe 441 Beeringianum Cham. et SchIgehe 456 Bialynizokii Tolm. . 2... e . 459 Biebersteinn, DC. 25. ee ones 463 Siorum Crantz: .ti>. «es ee 516 blepharestemon Fisch. et Mey... . . 448 brachypetalum Fenzl... .... . 449 Hs B. tauricum Kern... . . 449 a a. viscidum Gren. . . 449 caespitosume Gilib., «60g. 6 6) 6s 455 carinthiacum Som. et Lev. ... . . 460 * var. elegans Som. et Lev. 460 caucasicum Wischs ent) rele en eee 443 cerastoides Britt. ...... sik 35 % var. elegans (Fisch.) Schischk. 436 chewsuricum Som. et Lev. .... . 441 chlo ifolium Fisch. et Mey. . .. . . 446 CLULatUUMHONWIE ss se es se 454 ciliatum Turez. (a ee ae 454 collinum Hort..¢« »«.... :.: 453, 458 corniculatum Crantz ........ 447 daghestanicum Schischk. . -... . 465 dahuricum)Bischis) = sone = tae 444 és B) diffusum Som. et ev. « 445 3 c) elatum Som. et Lev. . 445 er B. elongatum Gren. . . . . 443 3 B. holosteum Ser... . .. 443 © var. pilosum Rgl. . . .. . 444 dentatum Moéschl. . ........ 451 dichotomum L.. . ...... 447 Edmonstonii var. caespitosum Anders. et Hesselman. . 456 elegans Fisch,..', 2" e":8: © aeree 455 elongatum MBs. ° se sae ee 443 falcatum Bge. . . . -.- 2-2: 439 WitoriatumsL Dat c. tes ee seh ee 418 Fisehert, Gren <2) ees ies we 447 Fischerianum Ser. . ..-..-+-- 457 Fischerianum Tolm. ......-.- = 456 frigidum M. B. ES eee. Sen 453 furcatum Cham. et Schlecht... . . .- 454 glomeratum Thuill. . ........- 450 Cerastium glom. var. apetalum (Dum.) Kitt. 450 var. corollinum (Fenzl) Rouy et Foucaud. . 450 5s var. spurium (Posp.) Asch. etGr.... 450 u b. villosum Schmalh. 466 glutinosum Fries. . ........ 452 Gorodkovianum Schischk.. . ... . 457 grandiflorum Boiss. ..... . 464 *p var. glabra Trautv. . 464 5; a. rosmarinifolium Fenzl. . 464 hemschinicum Schischk.. . . . .. . 445 holosteum Fisch. . . . . . ..... 443 hyperboreum Tolm.. ........ 458 mcanum) Ld bhi. ss) Maurer ect 460 imflatum) inkoee ae taste ce eed aks 447 kasbek Parrot. ....... 441 datifolram BoIsse jst hy (Meas) se We 459 «. latifolium 3. lanceolatum Fenzl 459 Ledebourianum Ser. ........ 439 lithospermifolium Bge. . ...... 439 lithospermifolium Fisch... . . .. . 441 longifolium Willd. ......... 448 MAXIMUM PPT ois) a vgs] ee 440 » .falcatum Gren... .... 439 maximum var. revoltum (Meinsh.) Schischk. 440 maximum a typicum Rgl. . 440 Meyerianum Rupr. ......... 453 microspermum C. A. M. 442 minutum Kom. .... . 468 multiflorum C. A.M... . . . 442 * salatavica Rupr... ... . 442 ‘ pyrrhosperma Rupr. . 442 MEMOFALe MBA ce so hot ew 44a nemorale §. glabrescens Fenzl . 443 5 var. unilaterale Lipsky 443 ie B. villosa Fenzl . . 2... . 444 NILETISOLOVA wi oi Ass Ges Pode uct 443 obtusifolium Kar. et Kir. . . . . . . 435 oreades Schischk. . ........ 445 orochonorum Tatewaki . 457 ovatum Boiss. ........... 459 » @.glabratum Ldb.. . ... . 459 ovatum f. rutilum Lbd.. ... . 459 pallens F. W. Schultz. — . 452 pauciflorum Bge. ......... 441 pauciflorum Stev. as 439 pentandrum Krock. ....... 450 perfoliatumy le Wich 5.0: be se salS poo ius 446 a var, ciliatum Schichk. - 446 5402 698 pilosum db. polymorphum Rupr. a a. decumbens Rupr. . . . 4 mollifolium Rupr. é alpestre Rupr. myrtifolium Rupr. latifolium Rupr... . . . si viscidulum Rupr. ponticum, Alby =) 25 eae oe ag: pumilur Stev.. .......... » ssp. pallens Schintz et Thell. purpurascens Adams » var. micfospermum Rupr. » var. parviflora Trautv. » var. tenuicaulis Trautv. Ds CS Ie Re eC On Cy Pe » var. subacaulis Trautv. pusillum Ser. Regelit, Ostenf:.4) .<.% 2 cukt cae repens M. B.. . revolutum Meinsh. . ...... . 5 Riaei auct. rigidum Ldb. rubescens Mattf.. ......... ruderaleyM. Bow oe ga ruderale 8. macrospermum Rupr... . . rapestre Fischs «2 ..,)04 0s) see salatavicum Rupr. ......... @ 8) fe Je. se eveh Pus | a ace) ae ete ) ee Or Ope Lee aiwnre © saxatile Turcz.. . . schizopetalum H. Wink. Schmalhauseni Pacz. semidecandrum L. B. herbaceo-bracteatum Fenzl .. 3 B. glutinosum Rchb. . . % B. pumilum M.B. -. . . ee es Je. le edie 2 eee la. Men ime, @, sy oa er seh ce edt ie ” «. scarioso - bracteatum Fenzl 450, ” serpyllifolium M. B. Sosnowskyi Schischk.. . . ....- - Stevenii Schischk. pean subsimile Schischk.. . . . ---: > Szowitsii Boiss. tauricum Spreng. tianschanicum Schischk.. . ... .- - tomentosum L.. . ...- +++: Tournefortii Gren. . . . - +--+: > trigynum Vill... . . . - + - : triviale Link . ° umbellatum C. Koch » var. glutinosum Girke. - - - undulatifolium Som. et Lev. . . - - - unalaschkense Takeda yey rel fely wey ge this: Che) Zeignge. acl ee eC Pc ee) os el) emp a ie. Sellars Cerastiam vi/losum Stev viscosum L. ex parte vulgatum L. part. » 0. beeringianum Fenzl . » € glaucum Fenzl... .. . » 0. grandiflorum lusus 2 Peiieli” » Y.Macrocarpum Fenz! . . . » @. letopetalum Fenzl Winkleri briq.. . . . Ceratocarpus L. arenarius auct. arenarius L. . . Caput Wediace Blok: - maritimus Pall. Salimusy Pall: ‘ies, we iioarr ait turkestanicus Sav.-Ryez.. . . . . utriculosus Benk.. . . . . . . . Ceratospermum papposum Pers. Charesia Akinfievii E. Busch Chenolea divaricata Hook. t. Chenopodia C. A. M., sect. . Chenopodieae C. A. M., trib Chenopodina Mogq., sect. . . . . . . Chenopodina Mog. ..... . mtissuma Mog? 2 ees ee Baccipera ogee s EO NT A Biebersteiniana Mog... ..... . filiformisMoq............ flauca’ Nog’. “8. Pe a: ma leijosperma Mog... ........ maritima @. vulgaris Mcq. microsperma Mog. minima Mog. parviflora Moq. pPhysophora Mog. picnantha C. Koch prostrata Mog. salsa Mog. .-... . . Chenopodium L. acuminatum Willd... ....... f. farinosum Aellen ip f. ovatum (Fenzl) Aellen . a var. ovatum Fenzl. . . . 2 f. pusillum Fenzl rs var. Vachelii Mog. : : f. virgatum (Mogq.) Aellen var. virgatum Mog. . . . acurifoliam Hook et Arn. ..... . Sma et eee ee Me album auct. albumeles tes, oe tee sais os album var. a. Schmaih.. ..... . oe ee ie Be he ae Cate te) ae ea a tn ae ea) Sie) 10 2 say ve ie, fel ee aie (aM ie! Sieh ices) fe) ios ie ie? ve 699 album ssp. umaranticolor Cost. et Rey- nier. . Borbasii (Murr.) Ludw.. . . concalenatum auct. var. var. . hastatum Klingraff SELL WLR, fhe, a. Par get eh . Klinggraeffii Abromeit . . . - microphyllum Boenn. . var. Novopokrovskvanum Aellen . » b. opulifo'ium G. F. W. Mey. . . . var. pseudoficifolium Turcz. f. pseudopulifolium J. B. Schulz , ssp. pseudop .lifoliam Murr. » var. pseudopulifolium Abromeit var. stenophyl!lum Makino PT ee el 6. striatum KraSan ..... . . var. striatum KraSan Pe peeviride Wwahienbs 524. OAC uirnidelis ts eee ese altissimum Ges ss ee ees amaranticolor Coste et Reynier ambrosiodes L. ». ssp. euambrosioides Aellen. . » ssp. euambrosioides var. suffru- ticosum (Willd.) Aellen » ssp.euambrosivides var. typicum (Spegazz) Aellen. . angustifolium Gilib, . . ....-.- anthelminticum L. arenarium Gaertn. ...--.- +--+. aristatum Les ot.) eens en ee » var. virginicum (L.) Aellen et Kloss. . astrachanicum Ldb.. . ......- - atripliciforme Murr. Berlandieri Mog... ..-.-.--- » ssp. Zschackei Zobel » var. Zschackei Murr.. . .« Bonus HenricusL. ........- - Borbasii Murr. 2, 0! eee Orne brioniaefolium Bge. i var. Kapelleriae Aellen. . - capitatum (L.) Aschers.. . .- -- - - chenopodioides (L.) Aellen var. Degenianum Aellen ' var. Degenianumf. glomeratum Aellen . CeO Chenopodium chenopodioides var. Len- gyelianum Aellen. . chrysomelanospermum Zuccani... . concatenatum auct.. - ....... fs MeBer coreg career a Goes eualbumX Ch. pseudopulifolium Ludw. X Fursajevii Aellen et Ijin ficifolium Bge. is Sm. juliforme Dames seth? Sostaraks marginatum Spreng. . Oh en ee) ee Oe) @) Saye) eh a) fe) vee, eo ek eke) Be) Mat Ree) a ist ce | te se) Vel Se) ve @ @)\.\0) pelt ed 0: 8) ee) eee 2) (0,8 Se, Bey eu ae hve a maritimum L. melanospermum Wallr. . . .... - microspermum Wallr.. ...... . MuUrale Ver co yee oes. > chiptee tt aude oppositifolium Willd... ...... opulifolium Schrad. — ssp. orientale Murr. Ci Oe Oe Ma Oh ws . var. orientale Beck... . . pamiricum Iljin . petiolare var. leptophylloides Murr. . . polymorphum B. chenopodioides Fenzl polyspermum L. ere; reife, Ven is) ces) eh fe 700 polyspermum var. acutifolium Beck.. . 55 7 var. cymosum Cheval... . 55 ‘ a. spicatum Moq.. . . -. .« 55 pratericola Rydb. «vanish ae iy? 65 » f. leptophylloides (Murr.) Ael- len. . 66 pratericola f. Thellungianum Aellen 66 prostratum Boel. uote) on cae 69 pseudopulifolium Murr... .... . 68 purpurascens Gadec. ........ 65 quinoa Willd <>. = 72 end ae 72 rhombifolium Mihl. . . ..... . 60 rubrum lec) eile Hvis te 53 » f. microspermum Litw. . - . .- 34 » var. botryoides Asch. et Gr.. . 50 » var. glomeratum Wallr. . . . . 51 rugosum Aellen .......... 62 salsum Fenzl 88 i ocuiueerts REE 180 salsum L.'s: Ahaght Sake ae ae 191 Schraderianum Schult. . . .... .- 47 Schultzeanum Murr. ........ 53 scoparium L. | i4j.9: 28 0 eee 133 gerotinam Le. o's. Sicee. aah aeeiee 71 Sosnowskyi Kapeller . ....... 66 » f. viride Kapeller .... . 66 » , viridi-canescens Kapeller . 66 stenophyllum Koidzumi. . ... . - 62 striatum Murrs é i 3). age hE etnae 65 » A. KraSgani Asch. et Gr. 65 strictum Roth), 3)" -) Me Lae 64 » ssp. striatum (KraSan) Aellen et Ijin . . 65 suecicum Murr... .°: <. + a3 68 » var. farinosum Murr... . . . 68 urbicum’'L.. «4; 2S es 59 » f. cymosum Ludwig. ....- . 60 » @. deltoideum Neiler .-.. - 60 » ‘£incanum Beck. . -.... - 60 » a. melanospermum Asch. - 60 » {.microspermum Asch. et Gr. . 60 » var. intermedium Koch .... 60 » var. rhombifolium Mog... -..- 60 » var. vulgare Neiler.. . ... . 60 Vachelii Hook. et Arn. . . .... - 59 villosam Spreng.. - -.. + +e +e 179 virgatum F. Mill. . ....-..-s 48 ev PRUDDET Oe ic colis) cauuet het vee ae 62 aT dt (ial Oe Mane EMC MCT: open Wee 68 » f. farinosum (Murr.) Aellen et Ijin. . 68 vilvaria eg ton eee ce inent aun 67 » f. microphyllum Mog... . . - 67 Chenopodium vulv. f. rhombicum Murr. . 67 Zschackei Murr. . .... . 71 Cherleria sibirica Rgl. et Til.. . . . 420 Chloranthae Rohrb., sect. . .... . 616 Cincinnosilene Rohrb., sect. . .... . 610 Claytonia Gronov. ........-.. 377 BeaialoiLdb. «0. . . crt «ee. 381 Aentiolaball. . ~ « s ~ = ot tell 378 arctica. Adamsizuisise os ticwtstst arth 381 Eschsehaltzi. Cham... ./2u.) Alain 382 Joanneana Roehm. et Schult. 381 Sarmentosa,C, A. M.\ a, ).) iays.-S. a, 382 SR) A Pe es ea ee ee 383 fuberosa/Palls| is..i9). turned. 4 « 378 Vassilievii Kuzen. . . ....... 383 virginica @. media Ldb.. . . ... . 378 Coccosalsola Fenzl, sect... ...... 265 Coccyganthe pratensis Rupr. . .... . 700 Cochliospermum altissimum Lag. .. . . 180 Compactae Boiss., sect. .......-- 615 Coniomorphae Boiss. .......-. 690 Coniomorpha Otth, sect.. ..-.-.... 690 Conjosilene Rohrb. pene h eis hi 0.) 690 Conosilene (Rohrb.) Williams, subgenus . 690 Conosperma Iljin, sect... ... 2... 182 Corallinae Franch.,sect. . ....... 39 Corispermeae Mogq.,trib.. .. . 2... . 135 Corispermum L. ........... 135 algidum Iljm... < - 139, 143 » var. macrospermum Dobroch. . 139 alEareurn cll jaro t S28 O I, FIMO 148 Gplemimasorove » = 2 2 i. ao SPREE 155 aralo-caspicum Iljin. . ....... 144 » ssp. caucasicum (Bge.) Ijin . . 145 eae »f. apterum Ijin. . . 145 borystenicum Andrz. ........ 138 canescens, Kit. v5 P7858. se. 140 chinganicum Iljin. . ........ 147 coloratum Andrz. ......... 146 confertum Bge. .. ...-.... 157 crassifolium Turcz.. ........ 143 declinatum Steph. ......... 147 » f. apterum Iljin . .. 2... 147 auorum Goldbs. +... 9. Bee 139 Datreullit ying: ys SHR. we - 154 elongatum Bge. .----- 2.2. 156 » var. intermedium Bge. 157 » var. latifolium Bge.. ... . . 157 » var. leptopterum Iljin. . . . . Sy » var. subimmarginatum Bge. . 157 » var. tenuifolium Bge.’. . . . . 157 erosum [jim .95 S82 ee. 150 701 filifolium C. A. M gelidum Iljin . enningiiGaldbo.. © f 2 eer heptapotamicum Iljin . . . Eilarncze Iii ee ee hybridum Andrz. hyssppitcliitmilse ks. cs ee os hyssopifolium Kryl. ....... hyssopifolium a. micracarpum Neiler . » 8. nitidum Schmalh, .... . » 7 remotiflorum Fenzl . . - » var. filifolium Schmalh.. . » var. Marschallii Fiori et Paol. . » var. papillosum O. Kze.. . imtermedimm auc... .°. oN, ess a EaUrcz. 23 408. 8, 2 ee eee » & Marschallii Schmalh. . . Komarovii Ijin Korovini_ Ijin Krylov dine); at cet foi ie laxiflorum Schrenk aie we. 6 ‘ee ‘9 fe sii hee e| (6) (ie «© m-is: vs » ssp. autumnale lljin » var. caucasicum Iljin Lehmannianum Bge. .......- . macrocarpum Bge. ........-. macrospermum Trautv....... . Marschallii Stev.. ..... » f. remotiflorum Iljin » @. floridum lusus 1 Fenzl » - nudiflorum Fenzl » var. angustifolium Ijin... . » var. floridum lusus 3 Fenzl » var. laxiflorum Trautv. microspermum Host mongolicum Iljin nitidum Krylt 29: jes ee nitidum Kit... . » £. densiflorum Iljin . . . » £. purpurascens Mog... .. - » var. caucasicum Bge..... - oe: 2 Je Uae oe a. 8 ele ere orientale Manminces, s 3-3 'S>.SS » var. Krylovi Schischk. et Serg. . » var. mujunkumense Iljin. . . - » var. Schrenkii Iljin pamiricum Iljin. - . . « papillosum (O. Kze.) Ijin piliferum Iljin polygaloides Fisch. et Mey. purpurascens Host Redowskii Fisch. . sibiricum Iljin » ssp. amurense Iljin Ae 6 a> ee Be. Se eee Pag. Pag. Corispermum sib. ssp. baicalense Ijin. . 157 Dioscoridis: Bubaniy‘= 3 x \i:..med buts 372 » ssp. jenissejense Iljin. .. . . 149 prostrataGaertn:,..).¢ igh Saas 372 Squarrosumi lo. oi) cur ore ue ore ee 140 sri wVATeeTOStME Kary ono ia iettwe a2 om 150 | Degenia Aellen, sect... ....... 50 » var. sibiricum Kryl Ete A ostaey at io 149 Delia segetalis Dumort. ...... 562 » SSp- monticola Iljin . . . 143 | Deriandra Cambess. ......... 545 » ssp. silvicola Ijin. . . ... . 143 | Diantheae Pax, trib... . . 2... 6 730 » ssp. uralense Ijin 143 | Dianthus L. ........2.. - . . 803 sqguarrosumM.B. ......-+.. 139 acantho:imonoides Schischk.. . . . . 837 Stauntonii Mog... .-....- - 157 acicularis, Fischs..:' sixties.) iene 849 tibetoumplliiny las) 0 oe vs ye ss 153 alpinus lsdb.tican 2 49 ceuten ena 822 ulopterumFenzl ......... 158 wi! 7urepensiRgl.W. A 2 aentorey 822 Cormosae A. Gray, sect... ...... 378 » var. glacialis Trautv. .. . . . 823 Cormulaca: Del. my ps. eh cae pes 350 » Semenovii Rel. et Herd. . . 825 Korshinskyi Litw. . . . . . 350 amurensis. Jacq.» /.\.. («9s (ewer 827 Coronaria ge aii Biccus sway.) oo 699 » f. albiflorus Preobr. . .... 827 coriacea (Monch.) Schischk. . - . . . 699 Andronakii Woron.. . ....... 841 coronariantinthys. . . 4s. iid jeiecwaamed 699 Andrzejowskianus (Zapal.) Kulez. . . 813 ~ flos cuculi (L.) A. Braun. . 2. 2... 700 » subsp. orientalis Kleop.. . . . 814 tomentosa A. Br... 5 . «ie © vs 699 arenarius, toh «ede . . 848 Cucubaltis Lin ciuc Geudiessde® 1) aothix 729 » var. borussicus Vierh. . 848 agaulis, An. Bina reat ae 629 « multiflorus, Kryl 22> Gaewaene 849 angustifolius Mall. wl siesoseyn. Moyes, s, « 663 » pseudosquarrosus Novak . 849 Baceiberble scien is, pie! neil alee ills 729 » subsp. borussicus Kleop. . 848 »») Var. Japonica Migal!. wagner 12D » subsp. glaucus Kleop.. ... . 848 Belen ero Caria ines gina 596, 597 » subsp. pseudosquarrosus Kleop. 848 chioranthus Willdi... > cast. Sis dacen: 616 armeéria/Lis:. Pinideaithe |.pet aaeonee 812 congestis) Willa ky cwee serum. to 654 armeria X D. deltoides Rchb. . . . . 860 conoideusiicame 2 uses A ae ys 690 atrorubens,M.,BA uch ook Gell eee 813 fimbriatus Guldenstys iwc Iichron te = + 601 azkUrensiskSOspseeranausouwl: a eS frtiomlosiis allah iene Wes) 646 X barbato-superbus Lejenne. . . . . 861 ERSlOUUSEOANSD eel ipod way. se 596 barbatus L.....°3 2) J ayenene 821 PEED CHE SE ie a A AM gaa, 675 Son fetalbus: 2 0). get eee 822 La CertseS tesa ck) eae ahaa ant 602 » f. atrosanguineus. ..... - 822 latifolims Mille oo) - otet neater 596 om featroviolaceus.*\. 2 <4 eter 822 maritimusylams > dug @ wake 597 i. foauriculiflorusis i ene 822 mollissimus M.B. .°.. : . 22°) seaeyhe 635 ow fomagnificus). m-ycl-bee es en 829 spergulifolius Desf. ........ 652 bicolor MOB. Ay... > setiek me 839, 841 tataricns ius. Sn pill ecuetebnis 619 »» glabratus Rupr. - «ie Sica 829 venosus Gilib. sweet wae Wis ptennttle. 596 » var. minorM.B. .... . 841, 842 WUSCOSUS lig he a lta. te coupon Ue 710 Borbasit, Vangs® gaarieycctvertinas waye! aa) 820 wolgensis Willd Mog. Aucitts pict sah ormals 685 calocephalus Boiss... ......- 819 Cyclolobeae C. A. M., subfam. 28 campestris Boiss) ......+.+.-. 829 Gynocrambaceae «so 2 5 ae yei> iinf au rtins 371 campestris M.B.. . .....-. . =. 830 Cynocrambe Gaertn... ........ 372 » subsp. pallidiflorus Schmalh.. . 835 cynocrambe Huth ......... 372 » subsp. rigidus Schmalh.. . . . 836 0402 702 Dianthus camp. 6. scaber Schmalh. 830 canescens C. Koch. ........- 854 Gapitatus; Balbistye)' biceps 4 4 + =,» 813 subsp. Andrzejowskianus Zapal. 813 » SSp. eucapitatus Kleop. . . 813 uJ rubescens Owerin . 814 GapitatusySchischhe.ss9))-o1- 00m =... + - 813 carbonatus Klok.. . .. . 830 carthusianorum L. ......... 814 ai f. borysthenica Pacz. . 820 ie B. caucasicus Rupr. 818 » ssp. eu-carthusianorum Hegi 814 » var. glomeratus Schmalh. 817 EanvOpHylest le. yecicsmnyie sey oe es 847 caucasicusyomith,.. ¢ psc. 4-6: 825, 826 PR NITRO Gea A Oh see a cseacg) Bond 829 CHEE TSISO] Sun ct ks) he ss ciudad neve chile 823 chloroleucus Fisch... ....... 828 cinnamomeus var. glaber Williams . . 841 GOMMMUSBAUCt Hs o's led ybuusahe el elu. 818 » @. imereticus Williams 827 » var. ruthenicus Fisch... .. . 824 » ssp. uralensis Fedtsch. et Fler. 836 Comitissae Annae Andrz..... . .- 824 CONMTOFLUS RECS. Ss Fk Saas 854 coronarius Lam. ..... . . 818 corymuosus Andrz./2) 6s)! (84) 4))a, sl 2 854 SaiCourtoisin Rchb; |. «cde ee 861 CrenarustGilibe., os TR ee 839 cretaceus Ad. 845 SHA ey 4] OE a a a oe Ce 853 CHINItHS Homes Hae so ee eas Se 850 » Y. crossopetalus Boiss. 850 » var. roseus Schischk. 850 cristatus Preobr.. . 9. 3.24. :.-.. » 837 crossopetalus Fenzl ....... . 580 Cyri Fisch. et Mey... . Sy aS 0) Geltordes meee ey she es Nie ae ae es 839 deltoiaes X D. armeria Zapal. . 860, 861 deltoides X D, superbusL. . ... . 860 dentosus Fisch .......... 822 discolorsSmithic: | =, 5 20 Sacto 825 elatussed bat ett ies haere eve 833 temas INMB Es a tke il ee 859 elonmatas CAs Moe oy ey ees . 839 Empenise Wlcops ee a ye 834 eu-ponticus Zapal. . ........ 818 yamoricatus M:)Bii.)\=) sya) le ay 854 s ¢. canescens Boiss. ...... 854 is stenocalyx Boiss. 855 Kischertoprenc. 0 oe eG) 824 floribundus Boiss. . ........ 845 5402 703 fragrans Adams ..... . glabriusculus Kleop. . ....... Grossheimii Schiscsk.. . . . ... . euttatas MesBoj. bs 515 ise) pbs guttatus Falz-Feini Pacz. . ... . guttatus Preobr. . . X< Helwigii Aschers. ; Nh gi AirtisaM ABs ted Bien 2h 6 i Hoeltzeni Winkle gen see te eye » var. subobtusus Preobr. hurmrlis pW GOM wncwcsws Sey soe uel dete hypanicus Andrz. > Jaczonis Aschers : Bite: imereticus (Rupr.) Schischk.. . . . . inamoenus Schischk. Wilks “Jel leis, ce, Je) je - ow. integerrimus Bge. karataviensis N. Pavl.. ... . kirghizicus Schischk. . peter kubanensis Schischk. . . .. . Ae Kuschakewiczii Rgl. et Schmalh. . Kusnezovii V. Markovicz lanceolatus Stev.. . . . As f. flexuogus Preobr. a f. glaber Preobr.. . . . . Ks f. pubesoens Preobr. . xX Leitgebii Reichardt leptapetalus (Boiss: © < icp e oy koe leptopetalus Willd. . - Ae var. bicolor B. Fedtsch. et sattsone Flere 4 ssp. bicolor Schmalh. oi Ye) Me) ues ae, hee z ssp. wolgensis Kleop. :; ssp. typicus. Kleop. libanotis Lab. . . . . . . Liboschitzianus Ser. i B. integerrimus Boiss. . a y. multicaulis Boiss. liburnicus Ldb. macrolepis Boiss.. . - macronyx Fenzl Marschallii Grossh. Marschallii Schischk. . membranaceus Borb. MeOtliCus. MIOK ss ee ee alee he moritanus M. B. a f. imeretica Rupr. B, var. densiflorus Som. et Lev. jaye reese Vie ey. Kee ay fa Ve \ var. nanusC. A.M... . multicaulis Boiss. et Huet. . ochroleucus Link. . . ...+-+- > orientalis Adams pallens M. B. Sy fail eg DOF Cea es fe) ES Dianthus pallidiflorus Ser... . . 835 petracus MeB.).) (2 meee) eee 845 pineticola Nleop. -\ssaee us oer 824 plumarius edie ay sii ee eee ee 848 ‘ b. sguarrosus Schmalh.. . 849 polymorphus, Mi Bi) | alee. Seen 820 polymorphus var.a.Ldb...... . 820 a ¢. calycis dentibus acutis » 2° Ldb: 820 x ¢. diutinus Schma h. 820 be a. genuinus Schmalh. 820 . ssp. bessarabicus Kleop.* 820 * ssp. diutinus ...... 820 “ f. Kitaibelianus Turcz. . 820 3 f. orientalis Turcz. 820 a f. tauricus Turcz. . .. . 820 pomeridianus M.B. .... . 840 pratensis (NIB. (ye att ere een. 828 3 b. yguttatus Williams. . . . 829 Precbrashenskii Klok. 834 DrOliperslas! 2 cee ee ee Pe, 779 pseudarmeria M.B. ..... . . 812 : var. robustus Schischk.. 812 pszudobarbatus Bess... . .... .- 818 pulverulentus Freyn ........ 853 pulverulentus Stapl . '.°. ess = 854 Raddeanus Vierh, .........- 823 ramosissimus Palll 9". 72 2% 835 recognitus Schischk. . ...... 851 repens Wilidise. see a es 822 reticulatus Ldb. . . ........ 778 FIGIGUSHNIGO Bocce eM ce ve sy rants 838 Rogowiczii Kleop. . .......-. 817 Ruprechtii Schischk. . . ...... 818 yulhenicus)Roem.. |... 4 + + == 824 saxatilisamalley eet. 6% sb nla 841 SG CAROUGE ce toe ee ok Ra a tale 777 schemachensis Schischk. ..... . 840 DSCGUIETINVAUCES ..0 G6) is ee te 824 + JEG cet ethan ga cle setae, yee 824 ef Braled be ie) aus os, ee Bas os 825 ‘i STE Lica | eee SA a ah 828 i 8. montanus Boiss... .. . 825 - var.repensGlehn .... . 822 é h. stlvaticus Schmalh. 824 * silvaticus lusus macrosepalus Rgl. et Schmalh.- . 825 5 var. subaggregatus Alb.. . - 827 serawschanicus Schischk. . .... . 852 Semenovii (Rgl. et Herd.) Vierh.. . . 825 Siemienkiewiczii Bordz. ..... . 846 SINENSIS TAUCK 20566) cee ANS. ce eas 824 704 sinensis var. collinus Schmalh.. . . . a. pseudobarbatus Schmalh. e v r. repens Trautv. soongoricus S hischk.. . . . - spinosusDesfers SOSeiapiey, Qe. squarrosus. MBH.) Roce. (5 _ var. ucrainicus Kleop.. . . stenocalyx (Trautv.) Juz. ...... stenocephalus var..glaber Williams . . sterilis Stev superbus L. . . . eurycalyx Trautv. rubicundus Ser. . stenocalyx Kleop. . . . var. var. ssp. » var. stenocalyx Trautv.. . . subulosus Freyn et Conr. . . .. . tabrisianus Bienert talyschensis Boiss. et Buhse tataricus Fisch ‘tetralepis Nevski tianschanicus Schischk. . transcaucasicus Schischk. ..... . Trautvetteri Woron. trifasciculatus Schmalh.. . . . .. . tristis Woron, . *: =? te eee turcomanicus Schischk. . . .... . turkestanicus Preobr.. ....... uniflorus Gilib. uralensis Korsh versicolor Fisch willosus ‘Gilibs’ ..s°. *2 SR virgineus Habl. Dichodon Bartl. Dichodon (Bartl.) Fenzl, subgenus. . . anomalum Rchb.. . ..-.- +... - Dichoglottis Fisch. et Mey... . ... . Dichoglottis (Fisch. et Mey.) Endl., subge- nus. . floribunda Kar. et Kir... .... . linearifolia Fisch. et Mey... .. .- - muralis Jaub. et Spach spathulifolia Fisch. .... . Dichosperma Dumort., sect... . ... - Diosanthus Armerium St-Lag. Diotis atriplicoides M.B.. ...... - ceratoides Willd ferruginea Nees Dondia altissima Druce Sige lenuce (Oye, afer vel” cel ey eael Echinopsilon Mogq. caspicurm Ikehm® 4:4 < syscuth =, =) -an-vae dasyphyllum Mog. - ....+-+.- - Echinopsilon divaricatum Kar. et Kir.. . 126 hirsutum (L.) Mog... . . +--+ - 127 hyssopifolium (Pall.) Mog... . . - - 125 Teh ORs Ss ROE Pee en ee 125 mopleibenZliis is |. aheyi lite ooiaat ls 126 sedoides (Pall.) Moq. . . .- +... 126 irsrarhy nes Fe CHD sisc.s.ic'P fx) Ye ise, tng Oe eSluntie 704 Elisanthe (Fenzl) Schischk., subgenus . . 704 Fedtschenkoana Schischk. . .... . 705 Werganmicaochischk.. 2. yafSh cpaljn 706 Wermawschischk, .) «« S:wsy{eJhs. vsisins 713 MOCCMOFAUNUDT. <, . <= 1 hkpt! vchiomes 712 BUSEGSIOISUDE Ss 2 ond ac¥noieon ic Se gba 710 Eremogone Fenzl, subgenus .....- - 520 eremogenme Renz)... em 3 yesh mes 520 cephalotes Fenzl... ....... 521 eucubalordes Fenzl, 0 socihe iain <3 528 wraminea ©. A. Ms: 2c cycsencs ts = 526 mramreyolia Fenz) 2 hss cutis els: 525 gypsophiloides Fenzl . ....... 528 Rolastea Rupr... 2 jo haifle pustules 522 cea benz... 3 + +) th awaek aiayneuts 529 ailychnedea Rupr: . . . 28 cabin alan 739 tamnoides) MIB... =). ee Aa? Sere. 776 | Hablitzieae Ulbrich, trib... . . wae | Hagenta, Moench. ....... silos oto 772 (Moench) A. Br.,subgenus. . . .. . 776 porrigens Moench... . . 769 | Halanthium C. Koch. ...... : 764 Anchert Mog... Wa .6, 2.2 s,tha | nceetayl: 743 Belanger: Bre... se. : 747 kulpianum (C. Koch) Bge.- . . . . . 739 - var. roseum Trautv. . 774 lanatum, (Boe: !.: seach een. ae 744 iilacium: WBGeAo sce be ae. DAR 759 RipskiyiPaulsine 4 <0 eae ae. + GORE gunk 761 rariflorum C. Koch. . .. . te es 760 ra var. Abichii C. Koch. . . 163 i Aucherianum Boiss... . . ala i var. Belangeri Boiss... . 759 rooustum)iDge. ..- +). fame ah: fh ok 760 roseum (Trautv.) Ijin. . . .... . 769 SpICatUMma Des) oh cle et an aay 139) \\Halianthus, Fries)? /s) 2) ats sate enc 774 eolaides PVCS 2. 56s) 6s 20s jaa aie 764 \iielienlaMog. .. 6) eee, eee bn ae 752 mitissima Mog, eo) s,s, aRh Cameuns 773 | Halimocnemis C.A.M. ........ 747 alternifolia’ Moge <<. hyn PG hale 7714 Beresrar lyin s.050s 00+ vegas ce aie ee 7162 brachtata COAS M. iss ao ee dee 7158 i Rupr. . MEIN TO, Hee Nae 778 crassifolia (G2 Ae Meee) 2 tar aan 748 igamocarpa) Moge <. .< 0 sta wud ideas 754 olaberrimaywllyinis one we e 754 glauca 8. pentandraFenzl. ..... 772 hispida COANOME S008 Les ae ti6 762 Hohenackeri Pres!. ........ 762 yuniperina CHAM. Oa ear aie. 762 Karelini Moq.. - . Ey cue Be 767 i var. canescens Pauls... . .- 750 KarilowtrBenz\ ee 24 ae a 759 Kowalewskii Sczegl.. ... . 761 Ralprana'C.\Kochis sie 6 yeu ess 760 laricifolia Turezs = doo) oh aye 759 lasiantha Ijin. . ..... ° 743 letifiolian Dp 2 4 int ch hoe ae tee a ony 748 longifolia’ Breve 5 ga) years ea ce 763 macrantha Fenzl. . ......+.- - 763 Bs Kear Ptah y se ew hicoul's 763 macranthaBge.. ..-.-...---. 739 malacophylla C. A.M... . - 754 2 a. hirsuta Fenzl... . 770 | ears et: Kirst ser ak 707 Halimocnemis mollissima Bge. . . . . . 334 monandra:G.AaM. <0 5. Ae see 317 obtusiflia'GvAcMs » "ee earn ae 233 OppositijolaEichw-)s)-e) 2 eee 319 pilosa’ ‘Moqs*..).” Vestemtue) 8a ee 339 pycnantha C.Kochi.\ i. 4eenene ees 344 RezniczenkoanaLitw.. ....... 236 sclerosperma (Pall.)C.A.M.. ... . 332 si@irica CA. Me io.) lacs) ee 326 Smirnov Bee. « ke. ewes. «tp WN 337 7 >A MlongifoliaiBge. Me. 2 : 338 Squarosa Schrenk. . .....%:. ¢ 32D tiarischanica Litwe << .i.). seas 2 236 triandra Mogs- io... 0.4, to ste. te 318 UNOS QAR. Beka: 4.0! 58s. URIS. vse PRE 332 4 Biers ih Mth Mt 339 villosa Nar. ebpiirs ii eens Ss, 333 Voluox ‘CeAM Mee. aay oY . 318 Halimus C. A. M., sect... ....:... 106 Halimus Wallre 6 2 5) RNS AO. Hae 106 Camus: Clans co ces +s SRE Rae 98 pendunculatus Wallr.. . ...... 106 Halocharis Mog............ 327 Albichin Giochi; ©) = +) aeons 343 gamocarpo Mogs. . = . <* a. 02%: 346 hispida (C. A.M.) Bge.. . . 2... 327 kuvprana ©. Koch). . ss) veins 344 lachnantha Eug. Kor... ...... 329 pycnantha)@iKoch .) - 2). 9h es 343 turcomanica linc). Pa 5 328 Halocnemum M.B........... 170 arabicumiSprengs <<. So. nee 167 caspium Goebee ein a eae | ene 169 CASPICUIM Ma Bairro aitcn ore) oy aan aes 169 Mausch) Soet 2! Beek d, aot ae 167 folatunm Spreng. © :) et Speers 166 monandrum Georgi. ....... 276 strobilaceum (Pall.) M.B....... 171 Halogeton C.A.M........... 350 arachnoideus Moq....-....-- 352 eorgicus Nog. -1 6 «wens. tents 255 glcmeratus C.A.M...-...... 451 malacophyllus Bge.. . ....... 235 monandrus C.A.M......... 276 obtusifoliusFenzl. ......... 233 oppositiflorus C.A.M........ 278 rarijioris (henzh ais aes ha ss 343 spinosissimus C. A.M... ..... 266 tibeticus Bge.. . ...-.-. 2... 352 Halolepis Bge.........-. ae ee OS pygmaea (Pall.) Bge.. . . 2... . 169 songorica Bge.. . .. +. +2. sss 169 strobilacea Cesati, Pass. et Gib.. . . 171 Halostachys C.A.M.......... 169 caspia (Pall.) C.A. Me... 2... 169 Soongorica: CAA. iM... 34i0-w.. At oe 169 Halotis’ Brest. ome... doa (0 338 occu tamlittwaiee, 2+. Jae bn ee 339 pilésa (Mog) Iljintaizies * Teenie 339 Haloxylon Bye. (e002 02. . Seat ele 310 ammodendron Bge.. . .. . 3ieS125315 chiwense M. Pop..... . -/ wae Qal Hloridum) Fenzl, 2 2) ese eee 276. leptocladum Eug. Kor... .... .~ 308 pachycladum M.Pop......... 313 persicum Bge.. ......... 311 Regelit Bye. 22, 4..<. + +) ieee ae 309 subulifolium Bge.. . .. 1... 304, 306 wakhanicum Eug. Kor... .... - 308 Herniaria [).*¢e40tige Sem, | as 566 Besseri Fisch? 2°" alee 568 caucasica”: Rupr?! >?! Sym bee 567 cinerea, DEA Pie. Bodog eae 571 diandra”’ Bye. 2*, - . Sige Fane 571 clabra rere csr Aa, oh eine 567 Ms var. scabriuscula Fenzl. . . . 567 hirsuta’ [6.’3) 3) cre Wie aed Seas 571 :, var. diandra (Bge.) O. Mur.. . 571 RirsutaiMeB. iiiesaecicats cna 568 incana ‘ame 2°. ese ake oe eas 568 Ht var. angustifolia Fenzl. . . . 568 3 var. latifolia Fenzl. .... . 568 odorata Andrz: ) . 4) « - 4) ae 571 polygama J. Gay." . + Sexe Seas 571 Heterochroa Bye. «wei 8 maid abel 738 (Bge.) Schischk., sect. . . : 738 desertorum Bge.........-.--. 740 glandulosa Boiss.......... 798 microphylla Schrenk. ... .. . 740 petraca Byes eh antes Ravet ttle REN ae 739 Heterosperma lIljin, sect... . .-.... 190 Heterotricha Iljin,sect.. . ....... 236 Holopetalae Schischk.,sect.. . . ... ~ 676 Holosteum L. 2) 60.6.) ne 208 ees 466 dichotomum C. Koch. ......- 436 glutinosum (M. B.) Fisch. et Mey.. . . 467 imberbe subsp. macropetalum J. Gay . 468 liniflorum Fisch. et Mey... . ~~ - 468 a Stevia 2 se eee . . 468 marginatum C. A.M... ..... - 468 polygamum C.Koch. ..... - 436, 468 umbellatum L.. ........-. 467 Es var. glabrum Schur... . 467 3 B. glandulosum Vis... . 468 708 Holosteum umb. a. oligandrum Fenzl . Fa 8. pleiandrum Fenzl. . .- PARR Ken VE a EDT Hs. yo +s\s > se ituko ON: peploides Ehrh. Horaninowia Fisch. et Mey. anomala (C. A. M.) Meq. excellens Iljin jo) kai fag hia =F ee) fee eye juniperina Bge. fe, ea AcM: minor Fisch. et Mey. ulicina Fisch. et Mey.. - - - +. - - Illecebraceae Hook. f. Ullecebrum capitatum M.B.. . . . + 9 - EepRdlotesiNs Be.) = 4 4-)eee ee Mijrmia Pug. Kor...) ij 025) duet? )- Regelii (Bge.) Eug. Kor. Inflatae Boiss., sect.. - - - - +=: Unsignis Fenzl, sect... 95! 4's) sexy): et nOAGAnS® spigcous'on sented. ana Kali Adans. (Adans.) Ulbrich, sect. Tragus Scop. Kinlidium Mog...) -\-. + \\: . + ofa yous: arabicum @.imbricatum Fenzl... . Stee ie? Jot. * Pale ec. lo ee Pome a” Bajpiis | perl ) ee a) ele Tan ie Reda Pio de) seo te B remotiflorum Fenzl caspicum (L.) Ung.-Sternb. fohatumy((pall.) Moq. ....-..- kieW =) =e f. brevifolium Fenzl f. glomeratum Fenzl ‘ f. longifolium Fenzl Schrenkianum Bge.. . -...... Kirtlowia,bce!.: ¢...). ....- dsdel apanc eriantha Bge. pilosa Bge. Kochia Roth arenaria Roth dasyanitha Schradyisi hsiioweie) Awe. dasyphylla Fisch. et Mey... ... - densiflora Turcz. diffusa Hort. divaricata Bge. hirsuta Nolte hyssopifolia Roth ‘ay MAK. -Caspia, ochraduinwetes, fonies iranica (Hausskn. et Bornm.) Litw. . . » subsp. pamirica Iljin Rar VlOMTAGWe ne: ce os un hs) co EY PCI laniflora (S. G. Gmel.) Borb.. . . . . fonuginesa Bye. ~ .. - siiemebiien tons ” » fe Se; {prety ers kayla) Bel) oAiial f seaiyte: ety is, ol el pian Det talh fer ae: eo) fs) es! cpio rep fei riag lie Pag. 467 468 516 517 272 272 274 274 PA) 273 274 549 565 566 309 309 595 418 370 tatujoliavauct. ia. Fone sere, wae ater 124 var. inermis Boiss. .... . 124 melanopterayBoe; .\m..5.. este. Sele 133 MOHIS PUSCh ne taMey. ois pte) A. Meer 127 INO canauBoISsve 4-3 = f:) 41,9: ee eee 120 odontoptera Schrenk var. y. . 131 ViNCUrLGeNICG-ate seer Reese 131 ;- B. Schrenkiana Mog. . . 132 prostrata, (1..)) Schrag see. Paneth 128 i var. canescens Mogq. 130 - var. villosissima Bong. et Mey. 130 5) virescens Fenzl 130 Schrenkiana (Moq.) Ijin. . . . . . 132 Scopania (L.), schraceers, faimews) se we 133 scoparia var. dens‘flora Mogq. 134 - » Sieversiana Graebn. 134 $ » saongorica Mog. . - - 134 F; B subvillosa Mog... ..- . 134 s f, trichophylla Schinz et Thell. 134 Sedordes, Ochiradsy ma) ae eee eee 126 Sieversiana (Pall.)C. A.M... .. . 134 CHAMATS CUS RS eae es 132 suffruticulosa Lessing .-..--+..- - 748) PenertflOray Ms Barve oo kopes skye GEAR 131 transchanicaseaviel eet eer aie 130 michapinilay rlontw es.) i= )a- i pee 134 Erigiing Man Kw pe dnb si h= oot obo 180 Kohlrauschia Kunth ........-. 779 prolifera (L.) Kunth)... 103 Davidi) Franch... .-... 02 1+ 631 Lecanocarpus aristatus Zucc. . . --.- - 47 Lejopetali Boiss., sect... ..---+-- 839 Lejosperma Iljin, subsect. . ...- - - 179 Lepigonum Wahlb. . . .- 2... ++ 356 marginatum Koch ......+.- 557 709 Lepigonum marinum Wahlb. . . .. . . 557 medium: Wiahlbitswth ikelnsscwe: fe) as 561 rubrum Wahlb;.. ,.... wate eens i 558 salsugineum Fisch. et Mey. . . . . . 557 Segetale: Kochii«. ¢. |... b- cued ewcae 562 Lepyrodiclis Fenzl... ..-..... 480 cerastioides Kar. et Kir.. .... . 481 holosteoides (C. A. M.) Fisch. et Mey. 480 stellarioides Schrenk ........ 481 Lerchea altissima Medik. ....... 180 Leucostemma Benth... ........ 421 (Benth.) Hook., sect. 421 Limnia propria A. Gray, sect.. . . . . . 383 Lipandra atriplicoides Moq.. . .... - 54 Liponeurum Nyman, sect. ....... Sy/T/ Loefflingia caspica S.G. Gmel.. . . . - 564 Londesia Fisch. et Mey... ..... - 124 eriantha Fisch. et Mey... .. . 124 LoutcheadliWMeritsisc.e eens 2 5 + 572 Pteranthus L’Herit. .. . 572 Lychnideae A. Br., trib. . . . 2... . 573 My Chas plore: wes nc gees © cs ts SRD WE 692 aflinisy|-Vahliy. 9... Qeaveed savsueriaes ype) atanensis Re) io ev. 55+. fh dee bie 693 » var. villosula Trautv. . 694 Oa Mil ena! tails ges b sc us CuSO Qhiktgaet 725 Cl NECA) APRS AN Ree fo ee 577 apetala iadc sa 4c, cs vo. ESE eee 716 arvensis Schkuhr. ......... 725 Behen (repens) Hornem. . .... - Sey brachypetala Hornem.. . . - - . . - 722 » var. baicalensis Sukatsch. 722 chalcedonicayL., «= -..«- -. « * Pare quadrilcbum (Turcz.) Schischk. . . 711 Helmii (Fisch.) Schischk. . . . . . Furnanum MoPop, 2. =. « «02 709 hirsuta (M. B.) Hand-Mazz. fi sachalinense (F. Schmidt) Schischk.. . 710 » subsp. falcata var. vestita Mattf. saxatile (Turcz.) A. Br... . . | . 723 » subsp. oreing Mattf. sibiricum A. Br... . - + + + 693 hybrida (Vill.) Schischk. silvestre (Schkuhr) Roehl . . . . . 724 rrihvicatar Mattia s+ 1s) xn ee Soezavianum Schischk. 715 imbricata (M. B.) Woron. . . . . . songaricum Fisch. et Mey.. . - . . 722 intermedia (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz. . . . sordidum (Kar. et Kir.) Rohrb.. . . . 715 jakutica Schischk. . . 2... suaveolens (Kar. et Kir.) Schischk. 711 juniperina var. taurica Woron.. . . . taimyrense A. Tolm. . . .. - -.- 721 Krascheninnikovii Schischk. . . . . tenellum A. Tolm. rchienest2h Kryloviana Schischk. - . ...... triflorum f. ajanense Bgl... . . . - 693 laricina, (L.)(Mattfe) . jxeet 71.1). triste (Bge.) Fenzl . . . . Siege lS lineatasMatthin. Baws rae Gs vespertinum Fries .. .-... - 725 lineata (C. A.M.) Bornm.. . .. . viscosum (L.) Celak. . . .. 2... 710 » var. glandulosa Schischk. viscosum f. guadrilobum Kryl.. . . . 711 Tetwinowik Saeev eet a) Oe i f. suaveolens Schischk.. . . 711 longisepa'a Schischk.. .. ..-.- - Morckia Bisch?, gieyp6.- << eh mw 545 macrocarpa (Pursh) Ostenf.. . . . - physodes (DC.) Fisch, . . . . . . 545 55 var. minutiflora Hulten. . Micro-Claytonia Kuzen., sect... . . . . 383 Michauxii (Fenzl) Mattf. . . .. - - Microlepis salsa Eichw. . - - -- +. - 288 micrantha Schischk. ....... . Micropeplis Be... - 52 | | Stitcyeri (Boiss) Bornentel onl) see Micropeplis Bge., sect... - . 2... - - 352 POT Lari Gil he ee A ee, ee urachnoidea Bges: . . .%2,). sos 352 e Wiese ta skate Ph coma ey aed) RMR Micropetalon Pers. .......... 394 oreina (Mattf.) Schischk. . . . . ~~ Minuwartiawls Grist oh SOLEUS Sein . 482 » var. glaberrima Medw. : abchasica Schischk.. ....... 495 orthotrichoides Schischk. . . . .. .- adenotricha Schischk. . .... . . 495 peplordes Hiern. '...)-.2-.5. MaMa” wee aizodes (Boiss.) Bornm. . . . ... - 509 pinifolia Hand.-Mazz. .....-- Akinfiewii (Schmalh.) Woron. . . . . 490 pusilla Schisehkaymees . Vater) ne arctica (Stev.) Asch. et Gr. . . . . . 515 Regeliana (Trautv.) Mattf.. . . . . .- 711 Pag. Minuartia rhodocalyx (Alb.) Woron. . 514 Rossii Matthig. tice) 6 ack. Gel oie - 508 rubella (Walb.) Graebn.. . . . . . . 506 sclerantha (Fisch. et Mey.) Thell.. . . 491 Sefaced Schischk. 2) « wayne) sae 4) 493 setacea (Thuill) Hayek . ...... 492 » @.trachysperma Fenzl... . 493 | stricta (Sw.) Hiern. . . . 2... 507 subun flora Woron. + .... . 500 taurica (Stev.) Asch. et Gr. - 503 tenuifolia subsp. eutenuifolia var. hyb- Zida Brgy tom tey teat bd. 488 tenuifolia subsp. 2 hybrida Mattf. 488 on subsp. viscosa Briq.. . . . 488 turcomanica Schischk. ....... 487 verna (L.) Hiernicc. set. 2 SPs waecds 595 Villars Grosshenatcce Sades . . -: 500 viscosa (Schreb.) Schinz et Thell.. . . 487 W esneri (Stapf) Schischk. . . ... 490 Woronowii Schischk. . . ...... 495 Mixabilig eo pe is nai dy as Se 370 coccinea (Torr.) Benth. et Hook. . . . 371 dichofomadles on pice A tek. 371 falapay ry oe” ARC atk ca cli 371 longiflora Tes). chile Fue kee 370 multiflora lore gsi. 6 Sake ete 370 nyctaginea (Mich.) Mac-Millan . . 371 Wiscosa Cavin ff Bacinet asi cihblacies 371 Moenchia’Ehrhi.: ile .c él divntsl®. Gok 388 mantica (L.) Bert. . . 2... 2... 388 MoehringiaL. ............ 540 elongata Schischk. ......... 541 lateriflora (L.) Fenzl. . ... 2... 541 Ms 6. angustifolia Rgl.. . 541 5 subsp. genuina Bulavk. . . 541 ra » &labrescens Bulavk. 541 fs y- glabrescensRgl. . 541 PY &. gracilisRgl.. . 2... 541 a B. intermedia Rgl.. . . . . 541 “ a.typicaRgl ...... 541 “ var. umbrosa Rgl. 542 trinervia (L.) Clairv. ........ 540 umbrosa (Bge.) Fenzl . . 2... . 542 Mollamo rect Warr coe Ss ak cue 376 cerviana(l’.)f Sere 2 iss ciceuety e ah 374 detraphylla Leap yi a 60 Sagar cline 564 Monanthos Eug. Kor., sect. . . . . . 287, 291 Monocarpus Adans........... 48 foliosus Moench. ......... 48 Monogone Maxim., sect... ...... 536 Monogone (Maxim.) Schischk., subgenus . 536 Monolepis Schrad. .......... 73 asiatica Fisch. et Mey. Litwinowii Pauls. Monopterygium minutiflorum Bge. . . . Montia’ Mich. °°... 0-2) hte: fontana var. chondrosperma Fenzl . ae) ft Weve ey ‘elwtel teh oie » var. lamprosperma Fenzl . . minor Gmel rivularis Gmel. Myosoton Monch aquaticum Monch sie fe le wm foi eles yeh ol ec 4 lah: we Pop te Stay hey Biel eee ie ai) Jer) el die) ot ote) ley) eh Sieh) el Nanosilene Otth, sect. Nanophyton Less. acutum (Falk) Druce caspicum Less. erinaceum (Pall.) Bge. juniperinum C. A. M. macranthum Fisch. et Mey. . .. .- - Nitraria Ulbrich, sect. p. p. 224, 248, 256, 258, 265 Noaea Mog. Aucheri Mog. cana Fom: «3 «2 SU Late Sa daghestanica Turcz leptoclados (Woron.) Iljin minuta Boiss. et Bal mucronata (Forsk.) Asch. et Schweinf. oppositiflora Moq. . .- - - +++ > Regelii Bgev:0 2” ti 12 OO eee spinosissima Moq. .---++-+-+ =: > Tournefortii (Spach) Moq. > var. leptoclados Woron. - Nyctagynaceae Lindl. ee ae Diag Viet Ve Vier tes) ke ay Tey fen ie alee cal veil ateghouare ae ie int cel Pelt ven pie ees’ ey ce ol” deg vem Reps ce eae) .- 2s © e e@ ee « eo Se) Well yen iie oe ef Kew eal eines) es Obione C. A. M., sect.. . fera Mog. . . flabellum Bge. lenticulare Moq muricata Gaertn. peduncalata Moq. portulacoides Fenzl stbirica Fisch. thunbergiaefolia Boiss. et Noe. . -. - turcomanica Bge. verrucifera Moq Odontopetalae Schischk., sect. . . .- » Ofaiston Rafin monandrum (Pall.) Mog. pauc‘florum Rafin. . . ......- Oligandra Iljin, sect. atriplicoides Less. . - ..-..... Ce ed ee mC) ae Tee wi temo meL es), alae . 2. = ee « © sefegeen ca e, Beye (tie) ashes Bieeems Capos DON Cale Us OV fore 5 .- e@ @ © © © @ ee 8 ee Ce o eteye ce) Bel ie, oe) 8 (8, 8 8) COW een ere! lel leu ie aD, lamprosperma Cham... ...... : 266 278 Oligandrae sparsiflorae Bge. . - .-- - 317 Oligosperma Baiss., sect... . - - +: + 422 Schisehk. seet.. . 783 Orthadon Ser.,sect.. . . 448 Orthodon Fenzl, subgenus . . . . -. - 448 Orthosporum glaucum Peterm.... - . 52 Otiteae Boiss. sect. - .-.--- +--+ 685 WpiteswNdanse ste eS i. a AR, HS 685 Otites (Adans.) Schischk.. subgenus . . 685 M@rrestOtune sect: 6. . 6}. 5 PE 685 Oxybaphus nyctogineus Sweet... . . - 371 Oxybasis minutiflora Kar. et Kir... . . Sl Panderia Fisch. et Mey.. .« 119 dioaricata CG. Koch! ))\% .. = MMe 120 monticola Boiss. = =. = = = i = osele 120 pilosa acts, (20.002 ee NER, ale 120 pilosa Fisch. et Mey... - .--.- - 120 turkestanicatlljin’) 2). 2a. Seam 120 Paniculata Golenk., sect... ©. ....-- 800 Paronychia Adans...........- 565 argentea Lam. . . . 565 Peconiteta Ladin 2h)" 3. Gigi. fs ® 565 ‘i (Ee) iiamsdees 7 -Goebais.1). 2itan 565 * pubescens Fenzl ..... - 566 cephalotes (M. B.) Bess. 565 kurdica Boisgsi <0. «bei 566 imei wAReMEs (2h. .. «h omeckenne 566 splendens Stev. ...... 566 striata JOC. . tebest Seis Me og 564 Paronychyeae A. St. Hil. . . 2... . 549 Paronychyeae — Sclerantheae Juss. . 546 Paronychieae — Sperguleae Bartl.. . . . 549 Paronychiella Williams, sect... .... 571 Paronychioid:ae Luders .......-. 564 Paronychioideae Vierh.,subfam.. . . . . 549 Pentandrae oppositifoliae Bge. . aneois25 Pentandrae sparsifollae Bge.. .... . 319 Perennia Fenzl, subsect.. .......- 453 Periandra caespitosa Camb. ..... - 546 Petrocoma Rupr...... . een] 26 Hoefftiana (Fisch.) Rupr. . . . .. . 729 Petrorhagia glomerata Link ..... . 746 Petrosimonia Bge. .......... 316 brachiata (Pall.) Bgen. . 2... . 325 brachyphylla (Bge.) Ijin . . .... 323 crassifolia (Pall.) Bge. . . . .... 319 " var. brachyphylla Bge.. . . 323 e var. glaucescens Bge. 323 8 wracilis. Bye., isi eRe MeN: 323 Ss hirsutissima Bge. . . . . . 323 drandra TRWii,.-. 0... « «lee penne 319 PRTG A PAWEL: cy jon cu sa. os oy 12 Ee: ORE 323 Pag. glaucan(Pally Bye. feet ee 324 glaucesoens (Bge.) Iljin - . . . .- - 323 hirsutissima (Bge.) Iljin. . . . ~~ - 323 Korshinskyiitwe 2 fae. sss = 235 iitwinowikorshs © Se 2 319 2 fectrictavlitwe es - e kes 319 monandra (Pall.) Bee. . ....-- 317 oppositifolia Litw. . .- -.. ++: > 319 Pallasneliiinmses same et. a 324 Sibirica (Pally Bee. sf 2202 ere). 326 . f. Bungeana Serg. . . . - - 326 - PB glaberrima Korsh. . . 2 + 326 squarrosa (Schrenk) Bge. .- - - - - 325 triandra (Pall.) Simonk.. . . . . . - 318 VelsorsBoer ns © ee ee 318 Pharnaceum CervianalL. .....-- - 374 Physocurpon Neck. Seti at ahs 701 Pterocarpus Beck., sect. - - - + --- - 128 Physolychnis gonosperma Rupr... - - - 716 Physophora Ijin, sect. . - - - - 190 Physurus Iljin, sect... - - +s - +: : 224 Phytolacca L620) 20.2 2 Oe 373 americana LL. - ..--- 373 CECATEFG. TASS FEES HRMIELS | FORTE, 373 Phytolaccaceae Lindl. . . -- -- - 372 Piptoptera Bge. ..------- > 339 turkestanica Bge. - - -- +--+ - 340 Pleiosperma Boiss., sect. - - +--+ +--+ - - 793 Plumaria (Opiz) Asch. et Graebn., sect. . . 848 Plumaria Opiz . +--+: -:- Pe 848 Polyanthos Eug. Kor., sect. . - - - + 284, 285 Polycarpeae DC., trib... - - +--+: - 563 Polycarpon Loefl. . -- +--+ >: 564 diphyllum Cav. . - +--+ + + 2+ 564 tetraphyllum L. . - - - +--+ 2: 564 triphyllum var. diphyllum (Cav.) DC. . 564 Polyenemeae Dumort. . - - - 2 29 Polycnemum L. helie Lbiee. S02. BSeasc 29 alternifolium Pall... - +--+ + > 319 arvenseL.. . - - - ee et te 29 , f.filifolium Neilr.. . - - - - 30 bs B. Heuffelii Fiek .- +--+ -- 30 . var. longifolium Neilr.. . . - 31 » @. macrophyllum Neilr. -. - - 31 » B.majus Doll. 2 2. ess: 31 ia BWminus Doll 9k -cle- 20% 29 » var. simplex Wallr. . - +. - - 31 , var. verrucosum Oborny. - - 30 brachiatum Pall... - - +++ ++ > 325 conjugatum M.B. ..------° 325 crassifolium Pall. . .. +--+: -- 319 erinaceum Pall. . ..-- +--+: 315 713 Pag. Pag. Polycnemum Fontanesii Dur. et Mog. . . 32 | Rhaphidophyton Iljin. . ... .. 271 glaucum Pall.” 202 mye Parte one Oe Regelii (Bge.) Ijin . . . . ee Til Fleuffelit Vane "7 Sos eG Clea 30 | Rhizomatosae A. Gray, sect. . . .. . . 382 yaniperimum iM: 5. .\ uae ae ems: 315 | Rigidulae Boiss. sect. . ..... . 681 majus “AGy Bric ay my atc any Sup aeeaae: 31] Rekejeka Forsk.:. = ieee bees alte 738 matacophy lium Mel Boy oui (So. = os 348 | Rokejeka (Forsk.) Graebn., subgenus . . 738 monandrum Pall, cit ta ila. 317 miuciperure: eal 0) ale eid 332\) Sabuling Rehbs =.) 2) 22) 4. eee 487 paradoxum Schur 92! cin &) acs vente 30 (Rcehb.) Asch. et Gr., sect... . 487 perenne, Litwie 2.55 a Uae WomeN cu due d 31 biflora Rebb yah ic) +. yy) is) let ene 516 oppositifolium JOP Mae ya ict er Waa 319 procera Rehbto ses iter jeter ae 525 salsa Wie. ge ke Rae 1 re 318 stricta (Rchb.A ey ao) eo ee 507 sclerospermum Pall. ........ 332 wviscosaskchb: . ..20x 3s. dat. ae 488 STOLFICU TT all sy tie chs CUP See ls 326 Sagina Druce. . . ee AS? trianidrumbeallss 2. 60k. a eed aks 318 | Sagina L. Soest ee .. 471 WeERICOSUM@ban@ «acne kL 30 apetala,:Arduino!~).. .. Joyeeeee 474 Wiaticumuealla yale eee ce ZO arctica Scheutz tts ae eee 473 OLSSON ge BREN 2 tine Pe ee ean 318 intermedia Fenz] ......... 475 IUCN OC ORT Ee eae A a 29 Linriae?..Preshn:<. siden noe 472 Polymechana Mattf.,sect.. . . ..... 504 » var. maxima Maxim... .. . 473 Portulacay lee iy Shijou die es Wee oes 386 littoralis Hulten) 3... .soebeee 473 Blerace a ie i a aE mot 386 inaximiaWwAdGray 24 404. s 0473 Portulacaceae Lindl... ........ 376 nivalis (Lindbl.) Fries... .... . 475 Proliferastrum Williams, subgenus . . . 860 nodosa(L.): Fenzliie + snepeoee. ye 472 Pratenmieeieelbeieys 2) yap elas) «| bey Wek sis cosalyon a y6 861 » var. glandulosa Bess... .. . 472 orien talisy (Ice) (Ser gia! to ain 8 wide 869 oxysepala' Boiss!) . +.) 220" Rage 475 Pseudoacanthophyllum Boiss., sect. . . . 772 procumbens Ly). St) Si eae 474 Pseudalsine Boss., sect. . .... . . 423 saginoides (L.) Dalla Torre Ve AEA TD Pseudoblitum Aellen, sect. ....... 52 » var. decandra Fenzl ..... 473 Pseudonoaea Ulbrich . ........ 251 i » Micrantha (Bge.) Fenzl. . . 473 PM SE CER) cae in er ec 245, 258 sinensis 'Hlance™ °t) > 426." Oe Rn ase 473 Pseudosaponaria Willd., subgenus. . . . 776]| Saginella Koch, sect. ......... 474 Pseudostellaria Pax . ....... A23 | Salicornia’L..°2°S gooey i ame 72 Borodints aceite a) ei dee Paeee ile 429 acetaria Pall.. : « Sy ee See 2 japonica: Wax... i°- | =) ~) 3) apaiaaes 425 arabica’ Pall: Mids, HY, ASE 167 Maximowicziana Pax ....... 429 caspia’k.* « .oei omiel Tepe aaa 167 rigidavPax':, 4/8, 06.) hc £4 siya éaspical Pall... 20 wine eae eee 169 rupestris Pax} 2 os sh a er) europaea herbaceaL......... 172 siludtica Pax ite .2) alien eee . 424 foliata Pall.’ D> ..davt 2: 200g Pee 166 Pterantheae Endl., trib. . . . . .. . . 572 herbacea LL. 6 2. 3 8 ote ee 172 Pteramthus Forsk. . ....... 572 ia. acetarta;Mog.i.ic: )e alate 172 dichotomus Forsk. ........- 572 » @.leptostachya Fenzl .... 172 echinatus Dest 6, ..\ys ais: «cei os 572 » Y= pygmaea Mog. ..... - 169 Pterocalyx strictissimus Schrenk ... . 198 » var. pachystachya Koch . . . 172 Pterochlamys pilosa Fisch. et Mey. on E20 » {. prostrata (Pall.) Mog. . . . 172 Pulvinares Boiss., sect... . ......- 744 » f. stricta (Willd.) G. F. W, Meyer ... 172 Oirereziar a ieths euieanewed = cme aye Soul Pallasii CHAS Ma visita int. = See 167 Rispanicae ey |... ahh: weenie 481 perennans Willd... . ....... 172 Oeertaen ari tts a ee - 481 prostrata Pall.piati.watiae eave cy teens 172 QueriatEoctil ye so. s Bk sae 481 pygmaea Pall... o/c 2) <. Wie eRe 169 Ihispanica! Lis5s. 2)), 56, 5. 'o Bett akan 481 stricta Willd... 4.) =) See 172 714 715 Pag. Pag. Salicornia strobilacea Pall... .... .- 171 collina f. elataTurcz.. ....... 215 Salicornieae Dum., trib. . .....-. - 165 4) st. plabral Aa Wi ebhai ist wee 20S Salsina Mag», sect. « - j. 6-3). 2a silo 177, 182 or at ee ts, «arezal’ 258 WNTAMMOACHLAUCE, 66 om ete oie eis 261 | gemmascens Pall. ........-- 259 GUC MOGs a6 2 = wa ws ps je 270 Weorgicd BGC. 1» = =. =) aye age 255 BaCHtr AN onic. 5 6 is.) eure, Saiienean ocies 265 glanea C. Ao Mo). aes ae tc 256 BCEAO CRI ANG 5.) (5) 5) sae elo ey en 265 laud NAB 6c! par Nat bao et Chats 246 ar AMOUMGIUIN, oe (2) siae: eho, ieee. se 244 » var. hispidula Litw. .-..- - 247 brachiata Pall... . ......2.2.. 236 glomerata Steph... ..-- +++: 351 » var. aequipila Ijin. . . . . 236 Gmelini Rouy) 2) ts (se ah Se. sec 212 iy Glabral line ya) ue es ae 236 gossypina Bge.. .4.- - 2). -)- - > 263 » hirsutissima Ijin... . . 236 heptapotamica Ijin. . . . - +--+: > 233 bracteata Georgi «4. > asa sas 236 irSubar eee oak te oa se ie ee calc 127 Isueharicalyars ss sf ys Ws dal 225 hispidula Boe. 2." 20.23 oy - ysis 247 caesia Fisch. et Mey... ...... 256 hyssopifolia Pall, «6. - wee 125 CanariC@uiNochy a. cok cc. ae ae es 260 iliensis: Lipski s). 7 cutee = stl Yoiadit 248 Carinata@aACMe coe a aes be 257 incanescens C. A. M.. ...-.---: 254 » f. turkestanica (Litw.) Ijin . . 258 iranica Hausskn. et Bornm. . . - - - 131 ehiwensis ivi POp. . - os a lees 16 241 ircutiana Gandoger .----+-:--: 212 clavifolia Hohen. ......... 184 [Reale aces ue tees Bh he ia, ue onus 212 “s Pa ae ee oe oe ene 265 Kalinin (et per trres Me Aah be oes Nor eaid 214 collina balls 6s ss i vga ue es 215 » a. baltica Zapalow. . . ++. - - 214 Pag. Salsola Kali a. crassifolia lusus2 Fenzl. . 213 » B. angustifoliaFenzl. ...... 212 nips dircgus, Moiese aire pels nl a 213 » y. nodiflora Fenzl. ....... 216 » A. pseudotragus Beck ..... - 221 Livaen Bet Palls tive hcgeenh tod tnremlen veh ns gis 216 » var. altaicaC,. A.M. ..-.... 212 » var. angustifolia auct. . ... - « PAS » var.crassifoliaFenzl. ..... - 214 yevar glabra Torsk-. “ela. ey ee 213 » var. hirsuta Hornem.. ..... - 214 » var. polysarca G' F. Mey. 214 WiVarponticarall, ~ .. far) gaan 212 » var. praecox Litw.. ...- ++ > 216 » var. rosacea Pall. ........ 212 » var. splendens Litw.. .....- - 212 mivarwtypica Beck. We. 2)- iyi 214 Pavan wate itws.)). cts. open oee 212 » var. vulgaris Koch .. -.. - 214 kasakorumballiingiwistsn). megs - +, 225 Keomarovitinliins y's. \ineaaee- ec eaten 221 Korshinskyi Drob. =)7..% SPs. 230 ii var. villosa Iljin. . - . . 230 lachnophylilay livinwecen ss) 2 ee 232 Lanatataall its ware cmc: ap cute en| spots (eenahs 224 laniflora’ S.‘G.'Gmel. . . 2) 02% 18H laricifolia (Turez.) Litw.. . . . . - 239 laricinal Pallas: Seat. eo ot. Tt eRe 252 » war. villosa Fenzl] ...... 252 leiosperma D. Dietr. . ....... 180 leptociada Gandog. = . = <2). 20 -e 257 longistylosavlljin’' © i ces Sheen 225 MACEFAVSItWe) Nor =: co 2 Re LE 254 maracandica Ijin. . . ....... 240 Merervleitwe a eve) 3) s,s ssa ete 219 microkalmNic hops. (0). 6 tee 213 Minkvitziae Eug. Kor. ....... 232 monandra Palle: . 2 2): 6. a ee 276 monoptera Bge. .........-. 215 MONCANAGENEWano 6 6 es eee ay atte 240 Moquiniana Jaub. et Spach... . . 270 mucronata Forsk. ......... 266 NT ICOLGUETAlNe «oc, Sais ee ig cS ve 126 MmutrealGvA Me ops sy) as es 220 Ditrariateallyis ct. es 6 ee ee ss 253 nodulosa (Mogq.) Ijin... ..... 258 obtusiolia Wiin’ 2. 233 obtusifoliavitw. 2s co. «4. ss 230 Olgacliine ree ewe ee eS ee we 235 oppositiflora Pall... ....... 278 orientalis S.G.Gmel. ....... 251 Paletzkrana *Litw: (f°... es 243 716 PallastanaeVesti ta). 4 oe paradoxaT Boek oie YOR ewan Semen pusserina Brescrvn mre eee) eee Paulsenrlitwiies (2 029 a ee F f. glabra Iljin pellucida’ litwot yte a ee oe pestifer A. Nelson Physophora Schrad. pilosa@ Palle ere ie eee ee planishgmacDrob. «92 eae pontica (Pall.) Iljin praecox Litws, 4 wa ee » f.elegantissimalljin. . . . . i ferglabraulljini-1 see - fhirtula/lljinys)¢2 es eee prostrata Wate se os ee nee pseudotragus (Beck.) Ijin. . . . . - pulla C. Koch Regelit Litw: 2: 2. % . RichteriKarel.. . . .....2.2.. * var. Androssowi Litw.. . . .- . var. glabreseens Litw.. . . . rigida Pall. » var. calvescens Fenzl. ... . » var. vestita Fenzl . . rosacea La es a Sau a ee rosacea’ M Bass sys oes eee Roshevitzii Ijin ruthenica I\jin scleranthaC. A.M. ........ vs var. carinata Minkw. . . . scoparia M! Bo... ss ea ao: sedoides Pall. PCCM ICME tO OG - Oo » var. mutica Trautv. » var. fypica Trautv....... Sogdiana Bges.s co, +o. scien sogdiana Litw. © ivseus «dee ee soongorica Sievers. ........ spicata Palle 0. yes ooo spinifera Abolin et Eug. Kor... . . spinifera Pall. spissa’ Boiss: ~ 9... .\<1, 4/55 sen ae oC UM By oe oo eet eee stellulata. Eug. ‘Kor... sj)c4-9- one subaphylla C.A.M......... u var. arenaria Drob. a subsp. strangulata Iljin. . var. typica Drob. .. . . subcrassa M. Pop. ......... e 8 «© © 8 «© Pag. Salsola Takhtadshjanii Iljin . .... - 261 UOCCAGLAM IY aL MOG ARON SAG EERE 802 talassica Drob.. ..... +++. 219 ViscosasG@rnAy MiGs 0). cuistere este ueikestan: 868 Tamamschjanae Ijin ....... - 218 VESDEFEIMAGRENZUN., a) hha tem. s.ookyateniess 725 eamiarichpoliay Kalk of ye.cake =) «0 + 218 'Saponarioideae Boiss., sect... . 862 Eamiaricina grail: 20.) <. ..oMmmwinae 28S) Sehangunvai CWA Mis 6 2 Sage pis 177, 182 Rerarenferecigbalic. (iy wt fo. cieacm al vn aie 218 Moqtieemueker eth Buatae orle 177, 182 PErERENVOUIGINL. BS. yee ue. 200i © $B ia Ben os bi on 136 (CAASMD dilim sect ee) ase ecie 177 cena ey D2 Sea Pome Meteo te sone 213 altissimarniGaAey MA ar wena |) i bowels 180 franshyrcanica Ijin = «=<. « (p=) - + 5+. 265 fafarica Gelakow Pueiges ss of shee 95 Walsoleaev@s As iMe) css. 2) s. saloie Glcee: 200K tSchoberianGrA IMM: ee hes =e 182, 191 Saponariayic, Sus. 2 sss 2 iaflie aie 851 acuminata G.4ASMS } specu ees Ss 187 alluvionalis Du Molin. ...... 863 altissima, GAM: ates eect tee 180 atocivides Boiss. . ..-..- - 867 bace fera"C. “A, M. Sie oe 184, 200 F var. Calverti Boiss. 867 corniculata (C. A.M.) Bge. . . .. . 195 CalvertMiBoiss. "0s gece) adseyetuchys 867 egcloptera .Bges ve) on -meticagntt= Well ain 200 cerastioides Fisch. . . . . . - 868 dendroides ©. ASM. 2. 82 a. 181 conmmugatavhranch: = cous 546 prostrata Willd one Cee ea 867 |ScleranthusL.........---+.- 546 pungens Bee: .f2 ts Tat Wary Pe 784 AMONG NE Me Meare end ch ccna” et aa Me 547 segelalis Necks) o's “eRe ns, DL 802 annuus B.cymosus Fenzl... . - 547, 548 Sewerzowii Rgl. et Schmalh.. . . . . 867 Ls B. polycarpus CoE ae ie 548 silenoides H. Winkl. . . . 864 af var. uncinatus Boutigny . - - 548 717 Scleranthus annuus verticillatus Fenzl. . 548 hamatus Hausskns «| s)+ (ay 481 PErenmisy La: sho: -cwi- eneen one tee 547 polycarpisil., siacsen eine a oteatnn ts 548 tauricusiPresls yey ie) a) Noles a ee 547 uncinatus Schur. «92 «2s 2% 6 oes 548 verticillatus Tausch. . ....... 548 Sclerocalycinae Boiss., sect. . ..... 636 Sclerocalymma Asch., sect... . .. =. 94 Seidlitzia. Boe. j. 0... 6 6 215 florida’ (M.vB:) Boiss: ¢ 2a 276 rosmarinus (Ehrh.) Bge.. . . . . ~ . 2s Semibassia Beck.,sect.. ........ 133 SetiferacWlbriehsisects cts. 2)! PELs 284 Silenaceae Lindl... ......... 573 Stlenanthwe (Grisebe «02.2 \« 2127s, Ses 704 Silenastrium) Rouys. a2 «|TV 602 Sileme yeep epee ney ss) ee ae 577 acarpophora Griseb. . . .---- - 691 ACAUNS gee ueeya rs A fortes a) ls, ne alleiah Poe OMAN 628 ME evar. alba/Otth) cf ke 629 » var. excapa (All.)DC.. . ... 629 adenopetala HRaik, of. 2 2 Ms 605 Ank fievii Schmalh. ...-.-...- 709 Alexandrae Keller . ........ 646 alpicola Schischk. . ........ 674 altaicasOtthsy s-cu wae ce teen . 664 altaica Pers..; 25. ve 4nate Via \ ages d 646 * B. grandiflora C. A.M. . . . 646 3 var. hystrix Trautv. .... . 646 5 var. typica Trautv. .... - 646 ambrgua Varcz. |. | 2/0.) saptisos 627 dmoenay With...» Sihs!.d c" havnuneyea yeni 597 angicawilss coi accile) hs) a oa) De AN Gah cps 612 angustifolia. WM. Be.) |. “ater amen ysee 663 * subsp. vulgaris var. com- mutata, Briquys.4- iain 597, anisoloba Schrenk ......... 642 apetala Willd: .<\\.)) 2-24 s.0e MS . 0.25% 657 B. Hohenackeri Boiss. . . 657 33 lusus 2 Rohrb. .... . 657 bacetfera Lin aes SOS wi aie Mee Pee 729 balchaschensis Schischk. ... . -. 618 baldshuanica B. Fedtsch. . ... . - 643 baschkirorann Janisch:') 3 22) 2" "ome 687 BobrovitSchischk: . 0's" 2727.) ose age Bornmilleri Freyn : . 27... . = (6o8 brachypetala Rob. et Cast. » ... . 613 brahuiea Boiss: 's i 3 2 Sais Pay emi Brotherana Som. et Lev. . .- ~..- 653 bryoides Jordive =) ans) het ee soe e029 bucharica M. Pop. . .. ...- + - 643 bupleuroides L. caespitosa™ Salish: "2P7.2°% 1. ve jo Hocker ee caespitosa Steve ses lslecl is sweeter 655 calyculata’'©® Koch): = 8's - woe ee 640 eapitellata “Boiss! +5 (vee eee 681 Caspica Perse, ‘5-2! 2). Ss eae - . 647 catholica Ldb. . . . =» «= » oe) S674 caucasica (Bge.) Boiss. . . .... - 668 if B. major Rupr. -.... - 654 fe var. pamirensis H. Winkl.. . 670 cephalantha Boiss. . . =. 20.02% 654 chaetodonta Boiss... ......- 681 chamarensis Turcz.. ....... > 626 a var. paucifolia Kryl.. . . . 626 chersonensis Kleop. ..-.-.+-+- 686 chlorantha (Willd.) Ehrh.. . ... - 616 chlorifolia Sm... . 2. 6. . 25. 4 640 chloropetala Rupr. . ....-- - vl 623 claviformis Litw.. . ..... +. - 651 commelinifolia Boiss. . . .---- - 699 commutata Guss.. .....--+.+--: 597 compacta Fisch. ....--+----> 615 conformifolia Preobr. . . ....-.- - 604 conicatL. sais. Eels SR 690 coniflora Griseb. . . - - + +++: 691 conoideal lis). s2eyiadals ane: (eye 690 coronaria Clairw.. ...--. +++: -. 699 cretacea Fisch... . - - +--+ ++ 647 crispans Litw. . . .-- +--+: +: 659 crispata Stev. . . 2 + 2 +++ es > 598 Cserei Baumg.. . .----- +--+ - > 598 cucubalus Wibel . . -- +--+ ++ 596 cucubalus B. commutata Rohrb. . . - 597 cylindrifolia Otth ...-+++-++> 691 Cyri Schischk.. -. - -- +--+ + 688 Czerei Boissiyjiis; dmil/iouin ey ha. eine eae 598 daghestanica Rupr... -+-++-+--: > 620 Pag. | Pag. Silene dasyphylla Turcz. ...... . 627 gypsophiloides Schrank. . . . .. . 654 ebarise Staph ys. Tete ey a es hs ee 681 Flelinannie Glass seer et ee a 688 GensiimrayeeOrve st. Bes ea es 686 heptapotamica Schischk. . . . .. 651 REDRESS aNety .\.'. ee me tee 672 Rissarica® MSP epe Fe 2 a 8 2 ON GSE ee GAL Me Oe ea ee) via’ Vo loaf fa} FHofiitranastischiweit ver eek eee 729 GenressarM, Bare). 6h. (OR Tee 667 | Hohrenacker?’ Boiss. P80 2.8 GAS 657 depressaavar. @. Ldboirnts.s° fre 667 | holepetalas Boe wi 0. 5) Aiea 677 rf BR dbiae ties S.A 668 holopetala var. Gawrilowii Krassn.. . 617 Js dea) b ols Ba ana a bee a 671 hanmilre CARN ie eh sog ey) ive. 662 zs 8B. Meyeri Rohrb. . . . 671 Ibertea: Mya B iy Cerne, mann aah ee ee 610 Es guntensis B, Fedtsch.. . 672 | ircurvitoliaiWarsetuire isis she, «eo 668 dianthoides, Pers. .--.° . RUE A 629 indeprensa “Sehischk? iis) 5 07 ss. 659 ‘3 var. clabrata rautvay #-)).) (G29 PablataneS tags plas ec eee a ee, ui) (596 m4 var. typica Trautv.. . . . . 629 its Brairebe eclinh eh WaRUNUNE jfeaaae hs kan Nis 597 dichotomadEhrh sre eee es wo ees 610 Ba Barimena:ComNoch! ai ~ eee 597 drchotomaly. dbs ain Wes). 1h”. 612 Hi) Peathoag Grisebie «fi... 2 ealeierniec 597 » var. iberica Trautv. . . ae ee ONele a uv! oninatleled pean Ale ceriay s wes 598 dierca Fisch. e€ Mey. 2 2 8... 5. 691 CTOs marstinae Ont humus) eye) 1597 elakay, Ones) Ae Aes BL a 616 * yispathulakavRaliysi teeter. 0. « 598 ELEMUICAMD OSS, alls Ae, eee 623 sy geteiotais, Wintctere 155 oan o. oo 596 CUMINatMUpree es ats ey ss ky, 612 ispirensis Boiss. et Hult. . . . .. . 657 racy eel s\)| 2 DE ee 629 elt Cozy 0c) eto oct a eee ey 2 ae ea 675 Bagayiaaechbotisy) i: \yeeliies s) 6 is, 598 italica var. lejocalycina Rupr. . . - - 675 Fabaria B. Czerei \Rohrb. 63.0 fo0~ 598 jerdussend alte’ sathaetae «rains tee 4 (O27. Fedtschenkoana Preobr. ..... . 705 HEMISSECHSIS® WINALL oh ie ual) we 627 vergonica. Preobr. iy ciier/s = yee \pees 706 fy f. ambigua (Turez.) Schischk. 628 jilipes Freyn et Sint. fe) 52) oe len thi vier pe 639 u f. dasyphylla(Turcez.)Schischk. 628 UAT IATA SUIS tev hay bay Were sw Ss 601 FY f. latifolia (Turez.) Schischk. 628 firma, Sieb. et Zucchini) ae.) . 713 ie f. parviflora (Turcz.) Schischk. 628 Pouiosaw Maxie, =) = eee OU ee oo O25 4 f. puberula Schischk.. . . - 628 foliosa B. macrostyla Rohrb.. . .. . 624 # f.purpurea Schis hk. . . . 628 ye Gtppica. Robrb. |: Boh wescs "O25 | f. setifolia (Turcz.) Schischk. 628 fruticulosaNie 1B. =e Saas, ae: 647 a vulgaris (Turez.) Schisck.. . 628 i Schischk.. . .... uy. "646 ROEM Shs.) 6 5) SPs aM a 612 karaczukuri B. Fedtsch.. . .... - 671 gasimailikensis B. Fedtsch. . . . . . 636 Nomarovirschischik-vja toneeig eee ue fe 678 gaudanensis we, see ae 659 Loreanalom Cums iisieie echo vere 624 iGaumilorrn Nrassn.” 6g) ey pe S- 617 Korshinskyi Schischk. . ..... - 673 Gawrilowii (Krassn.) M. Pop. . . . . 617 Kowalensky Stschegl. ......- 682 iebleriananschrenky)cey wi = = 676 kubanensis Som. et Lev. ... . +s 063 » Var. purpurea Schischk.. . 677 Kudrjaschevii Schischk.. . . ..- 644 glaucescens Schischk.. . . ..... 618 kulabensis B. Fedtsch. . ..... - 643 wranunijolia Boe. ” een ieee eas slbiun 664 kungessana B. Fedtsch.. . ....- - 679 ide ioni| Ure | oa Gc . 626, 627 Kuschakewiczii Rgl. et Schmalh.. . . 670 . hEERE «cig cE gu es 625 laceral(Stevi)/Sims. <4 038.6 ues. 8) 602 4 B. lychnidea Rgl. . . . . 662 lastanthayC: okieech 02.) <, 0. eo 8 632 €. paucifolia Rgl. . . . . 626 latifolia (Mill.) Rendle. . . ...-- 596 ih var. stenophylla Trautv. . 627 Naiicarolssebigies «iia eo) cs us mers ae 609 : f. turgidayReds vei. a. 1604 Bedehourmideynh.s. : +0. +). +, 9: 661 Grossheimii Schischk.. . . .....- 667 leptocaulis Schischk. -...-.°. - 645 guntensis B. Fedtsch.. . . ..... 672 leptopetala Schrank ....-+-+-- 647 gypsophila Desf... . . al 684 leyseroides Boiss... -.- - el att) ee 719 Silene linearifolia Otth, . . ...... ES var. gymnocalycina Rupr. . . lithophila var. tianschanica Schischk. . lithophila Kar. et Kir lithigiosaSchrenk 2) San seas Litwinowil Schischk. 2). 9. =). -.a.= longicalycina vores)! nual heatae ie ane Jongidens Schischk. Jonettlora Boiss... <<. eh “Wht yh vicay. bongiflora Ehrh » var. juncea Otth » var. Seidlitzti Som. et Lev.. . lonigipetalamBoisssye leo. sie eu eta fe var. asperifolia Williams. . lusitanicas, otis aks Bes os lychnidea C. A. M.. » var. glabrifolia Rupr... . . . » var. purpurea Schischk.. . . . » var. ulukamensis Schischk. . . B macrostyla Maxim. . Marcowiczii Schischk. . . maritima With ...... . Marschallii C. A.M... ... . Marschallii var. lasiantha Rupr. . . . media (Litw.) Kleop. . melandriformis Maxim. . . . melanophylla Boiss... ..+ +. = Meyeri Fenzl , 4. calyeina Lipsky- =: = 5°. - Michelsoni Preobr. . . -.-.-.+. modesta Boiss. et Bal. . -...-.. . Montbretiana Boiss. . ...+.+-+- - v var. anisoloba Vill. . .. - multifida (Ad.) Rohrb. . . .... - Be var. gl ndulosa Som. et Lev. a f. lacera Rohrb.. . . ..- » multiflora (Ehrh.) Pers. . . .- . +. - nana Kar. et Kir. nemoralis Alb...» + © + + e+ es « « Nevskii Schischk. Moctifloraulestt PM. cciie) (cs. els nocturna var. brachypetala Benth.. . es lel sve Grille oo eer Bamana ye nutaniijorms OImK.) 2 2 2: obovata Schischk. ......... obtusidentata B. Fedtsch.. . ..-.. . a fo peiWomereane ia ecte eee if var. ovalifolia M. Pop. . 720 Pag. odontopetala var. ovalifolia Rgl. et Schmalh. 2) feoet cea 603 # var. typica Rgl. . . . . 604 odoratissima’ Boe. 40.) fa. yun 641 Olgae Rel et Schmalhiae .0. es oe 642 st JRRONE DS att -ccuicy yo: ane peg ae 712 OlgjanalB. sRedischt, €)0s) ah) aa eae 641 olympica y. calyculata Williams 640 » var. pubescensBoiss.. ... . 632 » var. stenophylla Boiss. . 640 » var. stenophylla Trautv. 632 OremaSChisehk: pla. | e-aee acaee 603 Otitessvarouldb ace, eee 685 ~ Bld be iniaue Keg i.e 689 A 6. densiflora Otth. . . . . 686 Pa var. Helmanni Trautv. . 638 i subsp. Helmanni Schmalh. 688 7 y. macrophylla Otth.. . . 686 es B. parviflora Rohrb. . . . 689 ‘s subsp. parviflora Schmalh. . 689 - var. Pseudo-Otites Borb. . 686 : y. wolgensis Rohrb.. .- 685 6 subsp. wolgensis Schmalh . 685 pachyneura Schischk.. . ..--- - 660 pamirensis (H. Winkl.) Preobr. . 670 pamirensis Preobr. p.p.- - - + + = = 671 parviflora (Ehrh.) Pers... . . ~~ - 689 . var. glabriuscula M. Pop.. 689 ‘i var. media Litw. .... - 689 paucifoliay, Ldbis).).. + eet. wae 626 pendulay:[..\' 920.2 -W A neeee, ee eon 614 petracailed bap.) 0 stan Ween ae ce 661 wAdamsiiine « «0.04 Qo eas physacalyxiledia.\- 2uleyeien ements 606 plurifolia Schischk.. -. . ----+.-- 642 polaris Kleop!).0% °-7) = aanee mene 687 Popovirm Schischk, .#7%., 353) eeene 659 porrigens) hs. eka anew sr eee 776 praemixta M. Pop. ......- - 617, 620 » var. rupestris M. Pop. ... - 680 Prilipkoana Schischk.. . . - ~~ - - 658 procumbens Murr. ...-- +--+: > 601 propinqua Schischk. . . +--+ +++ > 635 pruinosa Boiss...» +--+ +++ ++. 656 pseu to-otites Bess.. - - +--+ +--+ > 686 pseudotenuis Schischk. . ..-..-- - 678 %; var. Schischkini M. Pop.. . 678 puberula Boissoh "29.209 3s 635 pugionifolia M. Pop. .---++.- > 643 pygmaea Ad... . . - 2-2 2 ss 661 guadriloba Turcz. .-- +--+: > 711 guinguevulnera L.. . -- +--+ 612 Silene racemosa &. euxina Boiss. Be y. tberica Boiss... ... . a 0. rubrifolia Boiss. . .. . ts &. Sibthorpiana Boiss... . Raddeanay sl rantvs % Pail. oo hae radians Karsvet Kir. ais)... 4 a Be repens Wed bei, << ys ve srs ot SN See repens; hatr.wet iste. Ushimeelt. exile on Wakemacilenta Bren. unas » var. transcaucasica Trautv. . Raven Pbersslsis) sadahyWees ae mena. MoPep: \. iia ei ct)s «a. MUPEStIGhewiskeeres Caos Ns) 6 is. REpICGlay Nie Ope sus os eeyeinenl. segue ite Ruprechtii Schischk. . . ...... » var. congesta Boiss. .... . » var. pumila Schischk. » var. stenophylla Som. et Lev. . sachalinensis F. Schmidt . . ... . sahendica Boiss. et Buhse. . ... . SATSAE I DOISS-FAiediti ts ree eG salsupimosa ,.F om... psiies. «) aes samarkandensis Preobr.. . ....- - i subsp. conformifolia Preobr. PORATION ETIGS: 4.) « p's wis aeeerbe ee ee suping ldbe ts fs.) SS supina MABBe oe i se oe supipa @. génuina Rohrb. . ..... is var. latifolia Hohen. . . 612 supina f. pruinosa Rohrb.. . . . . . 656 610 swertiifolia Boiss. 641 612 tachtensis*Pranch: © "ow 22 6c eS. 638 611 talyschensis Schischk.. . . ..... 611 605 tarbaghataica rye hss a es: 669 641 tatarica (E))ePers, 28 ses as 619 654 7 B. golros@ Ro Ps A 5 2 625 654 if OWmacrostyla Rol; 2 2. 3% 624 669 Wo WAlfordi- Rel eo Sh. 624 654 TatianaeSchisehkieen oh. 2 a ee. 668 710 tenella.@ipA Mel % amg tee ss 639 709 denerrimasMe PaprGsts ey. . a. 654 863 turcomanica) Nleopsata,. Geet Ge ane 688 645 | tureomanica;Schischk. |< |.) ose = 603 631 curciday My Bx .6:ys40s steam Etech 664 632 turkestanica Rgl. (1873). ...... 672 620 turkestanica Rgl. et Schmalh. (1882) 620 677 | unifloradRothree biwwar. iy en aes #1597 669 Vallesiatidby © 3 eee a 668, 672 637 | » PicaucasicasB gen} yy shove 668 641 venosa Aschers. ..... . 596 651 x b. commutata Gurke. . . . . 597 680 viridilforadle we pAHAPS Us oaks} attine ts 674 676 viscariaefolia Boiss. . ...... - 637 660 piscidulaiome. \) s/s) .s,.ei8d jsih epeghedis 417 fontana M.iPop. - . .- - jeje miedo 407 ErieSIGNGOObshs ys donee <2) amelbans 410 | piace BOIss.) afb iyi he As 407 | zB UES Aci Bl abel ich oa oo eae 406 ss 6. altaica Rg... ~~... 405 eo @. communis Fenzl .... . 406 a.dahuricaRgl. ...... 416 5 var. /asiosepala Meinsh. . . . 408 As Laxmanni Trautv.. ..... 407 i B. persica Boiss. »...... 407 hs B. virens Fenzl. ... . 406, 407 | grammeadls: vay ei 4s, bstyet=1 ccc aahiaia 404 | » 6. brachypetala Rgl. .-. - 405 ' 723 graminea &€. hebecalyx Rgl. ..... 408 i var. hippoctona Czern. . . . 405 i lanceolata Fenzl . .... . 405 L linearis Fenzl . ...... 405 F stricta Trautv.. ...... 415 hebecalyx Fenzilagp {@0eett”. 2 <')s 408 holosten Ieiak.. sah ire RORe ss is 402 humifusa Roth. .t%.) eieso). 403 » Var. caespitosa f. oxysepala Rgl. 402 humifusa Swartz. 2 20 290)". 6 6 537 Imbricata, Bees seit! ye uch fet ct fae Ne 406 iIngrica Meinish? MAO MN. 8 410 InniTuAN Does fois te ta toe. eae 409 jaluana Nakata. fs tsk. RS 405 karatavica (Lipsch.) Schischk. . . . . 398 Notschyanal Fenzl ts yor: is). 422 lancifoliadmomn ie Sa ee ee | ee 411 LaxmanniiBaen.) Serre eo ome. 406 Laxmanm Fisch.) 2 PUNE ko 416 longifolia Fries, 37 7.7 a 410 longifolratKom: wis 20 Se. 405 i legitima. Relk 6 SS, 410 longipes aucts | sitet: 5.0% fetes Mee 412 ei enzitemcet a ee Ses ks 415 » var. peduncularis Fenzl . . . 411 Martjanovii Kryl.. . ...-. +... - 421 mie diay et Wak. Th eee EH is tee 395 media a. decandra Fenzl .....- . 396 Pine. Mrmayer IRGC s(t a 23 he 396 » var. capitata Stapf ...... 397 » gymnocalyx Trautv. 395, 396 Subs oligandra benz stn (2) oo. 395 media var. oligandra Fenzl .... . 396 var. subgymnocalyx Beg. . - . 396 ” » var. trichocalyx Trautv. . . 395, 396 » subsp. typica Beg. ..... 395 Meyeriana Rupr... 2°50. 2 453 mosquensis M.B. ... +. +++ +> 410 neglecta Weihe .......-.--. 396 ul aQitgpica Beg.« 26.0...) 3. 396 nemoriim Boen. te - «+. teen? eile Melle 395 NEMOFUME LAs PLES ORO ee ORES Ue 394 si b. angustifolia Rgl. . . . . 395 3 c. amurensis Rgl. . . . . - 395 i B. bracteata Fenzl... . . 394 - B. Bungeana Rgl. . ... . 395 = B. Bungeana, a latifolia, b angustifolia Rgl. . . . 395 y. Stubendorfii Rgl. . . . - 395 a. subebracteata Fenzl . . . 394 a. typica b. angustifolia et c. amurensis Rgl.. 395 Pag. Stellaria Pallasiana Sern. . ...... 397 rubra’ Hawh eee ee 558 pallida (Dumort.) Piré. . ...... 397 | Strephodon Ser., sect... ....... 439 » var. capitata (Stapf) Schischk.. 397| Suaeda Fenzl. .........2.+- 191 palustris; Ehrhiys tment oes 405 Se AMSG SAE SOAS RR ys 177, 182 a var. alpina Kryl.. . . . 406, 407| Suaeda Forsk. .........2+.. 177 o communis Fenzl ..... . 407 acuminata auct. ....-+...+.-s 183 Fs fennica Murb.. . . . . 406, 407 acuminata (C. A.M.) Moq. .... - 187 » , sumobricata Keyls.iint iene 406 ailbida Pallennns StQRINS AT yea 127 » parviflora Nolte... .. - 407 altissima (L.) Pall. . . . 1... 180 n virens G. F. W.Mey.. . 406, 407 e var. confertiflora Fenzl. . . 181 pedunculanis :Boe., 196 rigida (Bge.) Rgl. . . -.. ~~. 401 eltonicavlljin 2 205 (2 een eee 189 » B.latifoliaRgl ....... 401 00 fliformis Dum»). = a0ge See 193 » @.typicaRgl .......- 398 glauca Bye:) i; eit @ %) hee ee eee 178 ruscifolia Pall... ... +... 2+. 417 gracilis Mog: «= = « « 6™A/).0eRies 184 i var. Eschscholtziana Hultén 417 heterocarpa auct.. - » - + ee ee 182 calanloga | Mat ea G5 5 da 6) 6 Oo x 436 i Fenzli:: . 30.22 ee 180, 181 sachalinensis Takeda. ....... 411 heterophylia (Kar. et Kir.) Bge.. . . . 197 Schlechtendaliana Ser... ..... 397 hyssopifolia Pall. .....+ +> 125 schugnanica Schischk. . ..-.- - 422 inderiensis Volkens. . . +. - ie eT, serawschanica M. Pop. ...... . 398 KarelinianatBenz| .. <0. 4. eee 188 sibirica (Rgl. et Til.) Schischk.. . . . 420 Kossinskyi Iljin .v. . « « O02 cee 197 silvatica Rgl. - - - - . . 1 ees 424 leiosperma Mog. -. -- +++ +--+ > 180 soongorica Roshev.. -.-..-.- - 412 linifolia Pally = 194 umbeliata Murez) Ware sey) ce +) oe 409 0 6. macrocarpa Mog. - - - - 194 velutina Ser. .« . 2. 6. ee ew ew 416 maxima’ C. (Koch's 2s einewe?. ae eee 180 villosa Willdin i= ceeucticuells Ue) ee Ns 397 microphylla AUC EN Fe Se wer ie eae 181 virens (Fenzl) Rupr. - -.. +... - 407 microphylla Pall... .. +--+ ++: > 179 UiSCiadae MBB so teenie vai, lob es 1 a a Be 436 ‘ var. multiflora Litw.. - - 179, 180 Winkleri (Briq.) Schischk.. . . .. - 403 microsperma (C. A. M.) Fenzl . . - - 188 xanthanthera Pobedimova. . ... .- 395 a d. erecta Fenzl. ... - 188 | Stipalariastiavege wach «Settey aes) mye ee 556 minima (Mog.) Fenzl. . . . - += = 183 Media Hawaiian. <5 ae) Sitemeniede 561 obtusifolia Trautv. . .... + +s. 191 724 Pag. Sueda Olufsenii Pauls. . ....... 195 Pabadoxa yee, << 6% «) oxuelile deltas 178 EPUEMPOrA MOGs) is % 5 «,.< )s leis) 194 paysopnorayrall. «a0 % >) ipudsles ¢ 190 prostratayPalli) 6.66 6 6% sleek es 194 % subsp. macrocarpa (Mogq.) BUR asia) fos recast ew eget Cute 194 pterantha (Kar. et Kir.) Bge. . . . . 187 pygmaea (Kar. et Kir.) Iljin . .... 183 POSTINGS EGE. s) v«! s-) w eh Genel veo 8 275 salsa(Iejirall.. 5 <<. 6 sie % 191, 194 » @. crassifolia Fenzl] ...... 191 SHen Ae 122) A eee ec a 126 EIMMERTMOHEL. ae js! 6: 6) wiiel i @ 183 BEMGPRaGPeNZ| «66 0 6 wet) © 187 pirewersiana Pall’ < s- (ss ss 2 « ‘= 134 splendens Grossh. . . - + 2 2 ees 183 WLaunioni Mog...) «+ © «+ ss 6 « 178 transoxana (Bge.) Boiss... . . . =~ 188 turkestanica Litw. . . . 2. 2 2 ++ 189 BSsuriensis Ijin) ss < «© 6 6s 6 6 % 192 CUSLITH Sohn? [ny Ae SS 179 Bunededeumenbe ss 2s we) ge jee) |e os 173 Suffruticosae Rohrb., sect... ..... 646 SympegmaBge. ....-----+-+.-- 353 Regeln Gens cs i os ee ene se 6 353 Synandra Ijin, sect. . . - 2. 2 ss 319 Telephieae DC., trib, ..... 2.25. 562 Melephiaml. 6. 6 ese ee ws 562 MIBeRALICdb:, 2). 2 6 2 ss = 3 8 563 ‘ var. orientale Boiss. . .. . 563 oligospermum Steud. ....-+..- 563 OMlentale BOIss! 1 iss se se hey ee 563 WelOxISMMOG Poe so): seis 1) se vanities 47 Teloxis Aellen et Iljin, subsect. . .... 47 RRESERTEMNIO Ge ius) SG es = so) sei siitel i. 47 Tetralepides lejopetala Williams. . .. . 839 Teutliopsis Dumort., sect. . .....- 86 Teutliopsis hastata Celak. ......-.- 91 patula Gelakee ech «cs leas teen ue 88 priaricai@clake! so 6. 6 2 ecu) 95 Thelygonaceae Eich .....-..-.- 371 Thelygonum L.. ....--.-+---. 372 alsinoideum Lam. ..-.-.-+ +s - 372 cynocrambe L.. . . . « wie Neprteat e 372 Thylacosperma Lindl. . . .. 2... 545 Thylacospermum Fenzl ........ 545 caespitosum (Camb.) Schischk.. . . . 546 rupifragum (Kar. et Kir.) Schrenk . . 546 issa Adanss- ewe ls 2 6 6 6S ole 556 campestris Pax... 22.2 ++ ss 558 rubra (L.) Britton . - - +--+ eee 558 Pag. Tomenetellae Schischk., sect... .... 648 idryphane Fenzl, sect.. « . «. ai4olk 4 4 496 ‘Tunica. (Hall.) Scop. 's vail Aes sn 2 Avw 777 arenicolay Nymiy! «3: sikerat al, acid 777 Bicolor Nara 's ys. > ata ax ka aeutlle Ooms 777 CilAt a OUAC Yes! pret ei, te eS ow. ee as 777 pachygona Fisch. et Mey. ...... 778 POL fera SCOP ite We ee wey 779 Saxifragal(L) Scope « 4 esa. «2 777 stricta (Bge.) Fisch. et Mey... ... 778 xerophila Jords' (ois. a\ ei a 66 dad Wurbinaria Botss:,'sect. <0 : ... . 793 Waccaria Medics 3) 6) 6 Ms) sees ba) wv 802 parviflora Moench ......... 802 pyramidata Medic... . « «+. «> 802 segetalis (Neck.) Garcke ...... 802 MULES TAOSE, wis! to: 1m Gal esha <3, 08 802 Vahlenbergella Blytt. ......... 714 Welker ian eee ewisate can utero we atte, Soe. ovine 869 PAG ae edie tal UO UU ERA. bel oe aN 869 Verruculosi Boiss., sect. . ..-..... 860 Versiccloria Schischk., sect... . . +... 799 Viridiflorae Boiss., sect. . . ....-. . 674 Viscago viscosa Moench ........ 710 wolgensis Hornem.. ....... - 685 WisteriavRoehle sie. wo Use iis aos) =. sii 576 alpina (LE) G: Dons< = <2 =) = |. a0 by i intermedia Ldb. . ...+..-.-+.+-+-- 626 DESCATIAT VOSS. Gaines te) ia ter (otea| to ee 576 viscosa (Scop.) Anders... - +... - 576 a var. albiflora (Sweet) Rouy . 576 vulgaris Roehl. . .. +++ sees 576 Vitmannia Endl. < . 25 2 2 es es 370 flare: let so eheesesare ieee 370 Wahlbergella Fries . ». ++ + +++ 714 affinis Fries. 505) 5 5 6s Se 5 es 220 a AP ULOLENS a! c v8, fan lernautemtes v= Yells 719 apetala Fries ..+--+-+-+-+::> 716 baicalensis Tolm. .. +... +2 ess 723 angustiflora Rupr. - -- + +++ + + 720 brachypetala Freyn. - +--+ +--+: > 722 gracilis Tolm. . - +--+ +e se 721 longicarpophora Tolm. . - +--+ = 714 macropetala Rupr. - »- +++ +: : + 716 Suczaviana Tolm. - ++ +++ +: > 715 sogdiana Tolm. . +--+ +++: 2 > 715 taimyrensis A. Tolm. . - - + * + + * 721 tristis Freyn. . - s+ + ee 8 8 716 uniflora Fries . . - - 5 . 716 f uralensis Rupre »« + » + ee @ = 125 Pag. 720 oy sR OS 131 126 eownal 2 7 Vahlbergella Vahlii Rupr. -.-. +... Wierzbickia Rchb.. . - - - = = Willemetia arenaria Maerkl. . caspica A.Lehm.. - -- +--+ +s hirsuta Moq.. - - + + + e+ e+ > 726 Pag. lanata ‘Maerkl. 42. 3 A, Pee 125 sedoides Mog: <5 #3 eras) PO 126 Xeraea globosa O. Kze. . ...- - 529369 VEGETATION REGIONS OF THE USSR Abbreviated name Full name i Acetic Ly 2S CAUD) ON geaenmed meine ere svar Arctic (European part) Sho LIC 7S a eee Novaya Zemlya hy JE IECR Sy] Ce re nee Aer Arctic (Siberia) loc CAQ0| 0 in ae ae ners RO ey eee Chukchi "By ZANT a em care Anadyr II, Kuropean part Beene AoA PGS RE Les Karelia-Lapland eID EOC ie Se A Rees Dvina-Pechora ETRE alia ge esp (a ajo a AP Baltic States STS To 210 I SL a a ee ae ie ae EB te Ladoga-Il'men LO Ohi al me 8 Pa hea a ra Fo Upper Volga AEE. ee PS SPs ares. a oe Volga-Kama Zin LU IE oy Cy RA ae eae Im eae ya kt ae a Upper Dnieper Li Siesoih Ui Baa aaa ec Alls ascites ia Ae Middle Dnieper eNO OT oy et ke eats ato Volga-Don Mepeebiciis ys es yi elas Transvolga area MNOS ics! vas ea 0), glee ages ee Upper Dniester ME Se ac svrra) co tak Lal Ae op MoMA gs Bessarabia SUE! 1S aan ame co? eee Black Sea area iS) Gig o eae ee eee Crimea Ce ENON (a0 o.oo. /o Yop te Mearepale, eV Lower Don Pee ee a at bd gst vad Eps hala Lower Volga Ill. Caucasus ROD: MI CHS GOR eae ee ae a aOR Seek Td 2. Ciscaucasia Bose Ries O20 CARS she Dagestan Dar Wet Maeainise Ube cep ey, A Western Transcaucasia Zon a eAnSic tte) BAF ee EE Eastern Transcaucasia Boa Onwerance, ie yas) hee. bene Southern Transcaucasia rtp SE UL ee ie. a OL 2 eae Talysh IV. West Siberia ZB) NOLS. ©. Seo a a eae Ob region (from the eastern slopes of the Urals to the Yenisei River) 202); WGI IE COOSA ARR gan Samaria Upper Tobol SU) MGs Oso A we eee Irtysh SRAM ayia et ob, icl sume Ban Se case Altai T2Y, V. East Siberia SOMMNACTAG eo te tute toeg ahs ee Eee ee ee te Yenisei Bis. wiseliel = Ole are raue sien) gyi ve Lena-Kolyma BAe MTU LY el Ga dicnat delle aise lee Angara River-Sayans SOM Daves, | alin Leutebee ier ce sae leipan proaches Dauria Val arr kr asit S Gupiesranelal ere vai geauenan vege renee Kamchatka SRR Wealiicse Meith etree sanyo es Sesieay bee eve Okhotsk SHO, wAGa = lei be eyo mb tcico ayia omen ates Zeya-Bureya SO MMIC aN Aes sales cpus ses aes se ey Udar River area AN OR PUISIS esc ttenth ve eesti) Cau cokliny rte Sis Ussuri AMIR Ue Sy ASIN) shit vet cacseioaen ei tiae at le mmee eu Sakhalin VII. Soviet Central Asia ADP OP NG ASO rh) aise ee se eae Aral-Caspian A Sepmlsculbdlayyy lave fesse! av sis te felse re Lake Balkhash area AAPA ZN MANO.) G85 SS se me ae Dzungaria-Tarbagatai ANB TT Zach] ae CO eR eo tare Kyzyl-Kum NG) on REECE ON ee ere Kara-Kum Aree. Punkin, «- itt iis.) aes Mountainous part of Turkmenistan Aare NTNU AD) Ue Gio eta) SNE tele hone Amu Darya ZY OME Sylar) S010 6 sca), co cy eR RE os Syr Darya HOmyeiamne AM oso Bal An Sa Pamir-Alai 5) Thy SA 1S | ON nm AUMP S.A Tien Shan Accepted Regions for Indication of General Distribution of Species Appearing in ''Flora of the U.S.S.R." lis VETO Cay UR i Re raat Sie Arctic (Spitsbergen, Greenland and farther) PUES ATIC Ses OR Nake oe oye apa Eras Scandinavia (Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland) WUT CS imeIes Ih bhekY og. pwowee he al abe S Central Europe (Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria, Switzerland) TVET ie 6 sp a) eon (sce ev ale Atlantic Europe (Netherlands, Belgium, England, France, Portugal) Wigs INIGCIL Oates tea eae ain carne ma Mediterranean (including North Africa) Nila AS IVES 3s shy Pome Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor Vile Aaerany — Toman ts iitae's ci) Serage Lesser Armenia and Kurdistan WI alee 3 CRM at SBR ake Iran and Afghanistan ISH Anal = Plcmaae ee eRe, Lhe India and Himalayas XD Aue ASIN a ba ies tke Ee [Dzungaria-Kashgar area] Eastern or Chinese Turkestan (Sinkiang) OT IMIG MOL Mie simamie: 2. 12). el suey ones Mongolia 728 XI. XIH. XIV. XV. Le Soviet Central Asia). ome er) es ej) ape Sie! (ever fof rej tel. Sel ihe) wie) him) YA) pre, ay ie) ve: et . | ; FLORA REGIONS OF THE U.S.S.R. (a < 6 £ 5 5B “ ry is) sh E) B Krasnoyarsk ANG. - SAY. 4 — CRIM. 4- 5. TRANSC. 7- TAL. 10- syR D. 2-cisc. 5 - s. TRANSC. 8 — won. - TURKM. 41 —- pzuU.-TARB. 3- Ww. TRANSC. 6- pac. 9— amu D. 200 0 200 8400 600 800 1000 km 5402/731 a Accepted Regions for Indication of of General Distribution of Species in "Elora of the Ulspo.R..” I —Arc, II — Scand, Ill — Centr. Eur, IV — Atl, Eur. V — Med.: V' western, V" eastern VI — Bal,-As, Min. 20% §=VII — Arm, -Kurd, VIII — Iran, 731 IX — Ind, -Him. X — Dzu, -Kash, XI — Mong. XII — Jap. -Chi. XU — Ber, av — Ne Amt XV — Gib: 30 r 20 10 a 130 12/731b hin cca So Sb Zi. NS SS ale: ee Ss es vor 5402/731b ins * % Pe ag oir fk 6 Mater.k flore ostrovov Nov. Zemili i Kol- gueva Mat. Komiss. eksp. issl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Opr. rast. Kavk. i Kryma Opr. rast. Tashk. Pochv. eksp. v bass. Eesoye-Dar'i i Amu-Dar'i Pochv. issl. v bass. Gemoye-Dar'i i Amu-Dar'ti Potan. v vost. ch. Semipalat. obl. Prilie) Zap. lm, Akad. Nauk" Rast. Perovsk. u. Tr. Sr. Az. Gos. Univ. Materialy k flore ostrovov Novoi Zemli i Kolgueva Materialy Komissii ekspeditsion- nykh issledovanii Akademii Nauk SSSR Opredelitel' rastenii Kavkaza i Kryma Opredelitel' rastenii Tashkenta Pochvennaya ekspeditsiya v v basseinakh rek Syr-Dar'i i Amu-Dar'i Pochvennoe issledovanie v basseinakh rek Syr-Dar'ii Amu-Dar'i Potanin v vostochnoi chasti Semipalatinskoi oblasti Prilozhenie k ''Zapiskam Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk" Rasteniya Perovskogo uezda Truay Sredneaziatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 731 Materials on the Flora of Novaya Zemlya and Kolguev Island Materials of the Commission of Expeditionary Investigations of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Key to Plants of the Caucasus and Crimea Key to Plants of Tashkent Soil Expedition to the Basins of the Syr- Darya and Amu- Darya Rivers Soil Survey in the Basins of the Amu- Darya and Syr- Darya Rivers Potanin in the Eastern Part of the Semi- palatinsk Region Supplement to the "Reports of the Imperial Academy of Sciences" Plants of Perovsk District (County) Transactions of the Soviet Central Asian State University SC M ee sive Printed in Jerusalem, Israel 4 ein TT 69-550 5402 eon: & te ba i pf ‘ } ey BA o— me . aw = wo = 5 tt 2 = 2 5 | eS Gif = - co = ! = i, 5a = - . ” ti m ” =e tn e | = Ou AORN en £ wn _ £ no) JOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN q a on = ieee <2) iz LB} 3 “= ee Oe te ‘| Zz Sy 27 nh ‘y = w x =a Zz e a5 JY ay O MQ N RY Ae (Ot eh } 2 BGI ERR 8 x : E 2 Gy e YS 2 c = > = > Ss 7) 2 ”) id eS wo” SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS ES | LIBRARIES S3IYVYUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN ‘s \. x Jiuvaagl S3SIYVYUEITLIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI S3IUVUYGIT LIBRARI IBRAR | ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS, S3 IYVYUSIT = z= = My ZZ, = We as oO Wy r y die = LO ENA : AN ; = E \ : ae ‘ ¢ 3, “Ws e YS : OILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS sa1uvyal LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN LI B RARIES SMITHSONIAN LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION _ z S > (op) an 17) Vy 4 ab) aN . Yin, © | Yh rane c ; a Y W fe a + WN a Pa fel Oo BN Oo fe) za za =z IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YVUYSIT SA1IUVUGIT LIBRARIES Saluvudli B: : INSTITUTION INSTITUTION \ We N INSTITUTION yy See ee ee ee — HLIWS SAIuvudi NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHIIWS (S3 luvad ryt BRARI ES | SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Gers = Re : < = < oe = < NY rg E 2 ON 5 : ee f 2 % : D Ve NS w 2 “YY = 2 E SX. 2 E 4 = > = > = wn z wn Fa w” va o _IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31 e N NOILALILSNI 1 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES V NOILALILSNI S3IUVYUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN Sa1uvuUal INSTITUTIO INSTITUTIO SaruWwud! 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